,,sket*es ,,& ,,/udies ,,9 ,,italy ,,& ,,greece ,,by ,,john ,,add+ton ,,symonds ,,au?or ,,( ,,r5aissance ,,9 ,,italy ,,/udies ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,poets1 ,,etc ,,second ,,s]ies ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet1 ,w4 #aiad ,all rights res]v$ ,,fir/ ,,edition 7,smi?1 ,eld] ,co47 ,octob]1 #ahih ,repr9t$ ,may1 #aijj ,repr9t$ ,june1 #aijb ,repr9t$ ,novemb]1 #aije ,repr9t$ ,decemb]1 #aijg ,repr9t$ ,febru>y1 #aiad ,tak5 ov] by ,john ,murray ,janu>y1 #aiag ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 at ,,! ,,ballantyne ,,press by ,,spottiswoode1 ,,ballantyne ,co4 ,,ltd4 ,col*e/]1 ,london ,eton ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,rav5na #a ,,rim9i #ad ,,may ,,9 ,,umbria #cb ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,urb9o #ej ,,vittoria ,,accoramboni #hh ,,autumn ,,w&]+s #abg ,,p>ma #adg ,,canossa #afc ,,=novo #ahj ,,flor5ce ,,& ,,! ,,m$ici #bja ,,! ,,debt ,,( ,,engli% ,,to ,,italian ,,lit]ature #beh ,,popul> ,,songs ,,( ,,tuscany #bgf ,,popul> ,,italian ,,poetry ,,( ,,! ,,r5aissance #cje ,,! ',,orfeo' ,,( ,,poliziano #cde ,,eight ,,sonnets ,,( ,,petr>* #cfe ,,sket*es ,,& ,,/udies ,,9 ,,italy ,,& ,,greece ,,rav5na ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us *ose ,rav5na = "o ( 8 two naval /ations1 & 9 c\rse ( "t a new city arose by ! sea-%ore1 :i* receiv$ ! "n ( ,portus ,classis4 ,betwe5 ?is h>b\r & ! "m city a ?ird t[n sprang up1 & 0 call$ ,cs>ea4 ,"t & neglect1 ! ravages ( w>1 & ! encroa*+ p[]s ( ,nature h de/roy$ ^! settlem5ts1 & no?+ n[ rema9s ( ! ?ree cities b ,rav5na4 ,x w\ld seem t 9 classical times ,rav5na /ood1 l mod]n ,v5ice1 9 ! c5tre ( a huge lagune1 ! fre% wat]s ( ! ,ronco & ! ,po mix+ ) ! salt waves ( ! ,adriatic r\nd its v walls4 ,! h\ses ( ! city 7 built on piles2 canals in/ead ( /reets =m$ ! means ( communication1 & ^! 7 always fill$ ) wat] artificially conduct$ f ! s\!rn e/u>y ( ! ,po4 ,r\nd ,rav5na ext5d$ a va/ morass1 = ! mo/ "p "u %all[ wat]1 b ris+ at int]vals into l[ isl&s l ! ,lido or ,murano or ,torcello :i* surr\nd ,v5ice4 ,^! isl&s 7 celebrat$ = _! f]tility3 ! v9es & fig-trees & pomegranates1 spr++ f a fat & fruitful soil1 wat]$ ) con/ant moi/ure1 & fo/]$ by a mild sea-w9d & lib]al sun%9e1 yield$ crops t = luxuriance & quality surpass$ ! h>ve/s ( any or*>ds on ! ma9l&4 ,all ! conditions ( life 9 old ,rav5na seem to h resembl$ ^? ( mod]n ,v5ice2 ! p w5t ab\t 9 gondolas1 & 9 ! e>ly morn+ b>ges lad5 ) fre% fruit or meat & vegetables flock$ f all qu>t]s to ! city ( ! sea4#a ,wat] also _h to be procur$ f ! neighb\r+ %ore1 =1 z ,m>tial says1 a well at ,rav5na 0 m valuable ?an a v9ey>d4 ,aga91 betwe5 ! city & ! ma9l& ran a long l[ causeway all across ! lagune l t on :i* ! tra9s n[ glide into ,v5ice4 ,/range to say1 ! air ( ,rav5na 0 rem>kably salubri\s3 ?is fact1 & ! ease ( life t prevail$ !re1 & ! security af=d$ by ! situation ( ! t[n1 r5d]$ x a mo/ desirable retreat = ! mon>*s ( ,italy dur+ ^? tr\bl\s times 9 :i* ! empire nodd$ to its fall4 ,honorius retir$ to its lagunes = safety2 ,odoac]1 :o de?ron$ ! la/ ,cs> ( ! ,we/1 succe$$ him2 & 0 9 turn1 supplant$ by ,!odoric ! ,o/rogo?4 ,rav5na1 z we see x n[1 recalls ! peaceful & half-,roman rule ( ! great ,go?ic k+4 ,8 palace1 8 *ur*es1 & ! mausoleums 9 :i* 8 daught] ,amalasun?a laid ! h]o's bones1 h surviv$ ! sieges ( ,belis>ius & ,a/olphus1 ! conque/ ( ,pep91 ! bloody qu>rels ( ,iconocla/s ) ! *ildr5 ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ! m$ival w>s ( ,italy1 ! victory ( ,ga/on de ,foix1 & /ill /& gorge\s ) m>bles & mosaics 9 spite ( "t & ! decay ( all ar\nd !m4 ,z e>ly z ! six? c5tury1 ! sea _h already retreat$ to su* a di/ance f ,rav5na t or*>ds & g>d5s 7 cultivat$ on ! spot :]e once ! galleys ( ! ,cs>s rode at an*or4 ,groves ( p9es sprang up along ! %ore1 & 9 _! l(ty tops ! music ( ! w9d mov$ l ! gho/ ( waves & break]s plung+ ^u di/ant s&s4 ,?is ,p9etum /ret*es along ! %ore ( ! ,adriatic = ab\t =ty miles1 =m+ a belt ( v>iable wid? betwe5 ! great m>% & ! tumbl+ sea4 ,f a di/ance ! b>e /ems & velvet cr[ns ( ! p9e-trees /& up l palms t cov] an oasis on ,arabian s&s2 b at a ne>] view ! trunks deta* !mselves f an inf]ior =e/-gr[? ( junip] & ?orn & a% & oak1 ! tall ro(s ( ! /ately firs %oot+ _! bread? ( %elt]+ gre5]y above ! l[] & less /urdy bru%wood4 ,x is h>dly possible to imag9e a m beautiful & impressive sc5e ?an t pres5t$ by ^! long alleys ( imp]ial p9es4 ,!y gr[ s ?ickly "o beh9d ano!r1 t we might comp>e !m to ! pipes ( a great organ1 or ! pill>s ( a ,go?ic *ur*1 or ! basaltic columns ( ! ,giant's ,causeway4 ,_! tops are ev]gre5 & lad5 ) ! heavy cones1 f :i* ,rav5na draws consid]able weal?4 ,scores ( peasants are qu>t]$ on ! outskirts ( ! =e/1 ^: bus9ess x is to scale ! p9es & rob !m ( _! fruit at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>4 ,aft]w>ds !y dry ! fir-cones 9 ! sun1 until ! nuts :i* !y conta9 fall out4 ,! empty husks are sold = firewood1 & ! k]nels 9 _! /ony %ells res]v$ = exportation4 ,y may see ! peasants1 m51 wom51 & boys1 sort+ !m by millions1 dry+ & sift+ !m ^u ! op5 spaces ( ! wood1 & pack+ !m 9 sacks to s5d abroad ?r\gh ,italy4 ,! p9oc*i or k]nels ( ! /one-p9e are l>gely us$ 9 cook]y1 & ^? ( ,rav5na are priz$ = _! good quality & aromatic flav\r4 ,:5 roa/$ or p\nd$1 !y ta/e l a s(t] & m mealy k9d ( almonds4 ,! task ( ga!r+ ?is h>ve/ is n a little dang]\s4 ,m5 h to cut not*es 9 ! /raight %afts1 & hav+ climb$1 (t5 to ! height ( eighty feet1 to lean ^u ! bran*es1 & deta* ! fir-cones ) a pole--& ?is = e tree4 ,"s lives1 !y say1 are ye>ly lo/ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,z may be imag9$1 ! spaces ( ?is great =e/ =m ! haunt ( innum]able liv+ creatures4 ,liz>ds run ab\t by myriads 9 ! grass4 ,doves coo among ! bran*es ( ! p9es1 & night+ales p\r _! full-?roat$ music all day & night f ?ickets ( :ite-?orn & acacia4 ,! air is sweet ) aromatic sc5ts3 ! res9 ( ! p9e & junip]1 ! mayfl[]s & acacia-blossoms1 ! violets t spr+ by ?\s&s 9 ! moss1 ! wild roses & fa9t honeysuckles :i* ?r[ fragrant arms f b\gh to b\gh ( a% or maple1 jo9 to make "o mo/ delici\s p]fume4 ,& ?\gh ! air ^u ! neighb\r+ m>% is poison\s1 "h x is dry1 & spreads a g5ial heal?4 ,! sea-w9d murmur+ ?r\gh ^! ?ickets at nightfall or mi/y sunrise1 conveys no fev] to ! peasants /ret*$ among _! fl[]s4 ,!y wat* ! r$ rays ( sunset flam+ ?r\gh ! columns ( ! leafy hall1 & fl>+ on its frett$ raft]s ( entangl$ b\ghs2 !y see ! />s come out1 & ,hesp] gleam1 an eye ( brightness1 among dewy bran*es2 ! moon walks silv]-foot$ on ! velvet tree-tops1 :ile !y sleep beside ! camp-fires2 fre% morn+ wakes !m to ! s\nd ( birds & sc5t ( ?yme & tw9kl+ ( dewdrops on ! grass ar\nd4 ,mean:ile ague1 fev]1 & dea? h be5 /alk+ all night long ab\t ! pla91 )9 a few y>ds ( _! c\*1 & n "o pe/il5tial brea? has rea*$ ! *>m$ prec9cts ( ! =e/4 ,y may ride or drive = miles along gre5 aisles betwe5 ! p9es 9 p]fect solitude2 & yet ! creatures ( ! wood1 ! sunlight & ! birds1 ! fl[]s & tall maje/ic columns at y\r side1 prev5t all s5se ( lonel9ess or fe>4 ,huge ox5 haunt ! wild]ness--grey creatures1 ) mild eyes & spread+ horns & /eal?y tread4 ,"s are patri>*s ( ! =e/1 ! fa!rs & ! mo!rs ( _m g5]ations :o h be5 c>ri$ f _! sides to s]ve 9 pl\ghs or waggons on ! ,lomb>d pla94 ,o!rs are ye>l+ calves1 intractable & ignorant ( lab\r4 ,9 ord] to subdue !m to ! yoke1 x is requisite to take !m v e>ly f _! native glades1 or else !y *afe & p9e away ) we>9ess4 ,!n !re is a sull5 canal1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! =e/ f ! m>%es to ! sea2 x is alive ) frogs & newts & snakes4 ,y may see ^! s]p5ts bask+ on ! surface among ?ickets ( ! fl[]+ ru%1 or coil$ ab\t ! lily leaves & fl[]s--li! mon/]s1 slipp]y & speckl$1 ! tyrants ( ! f54 ,x is said t :5 ,dante 0 liv+ at ,rav5na he w\ld sp5d :ole days alone among ! =e/ glades1 ?9k+ ( ,flor5ce & h] civil w>s1 & m$itat+ cantos ( 8 poem4 ,nor h ! influ5ces ( ! p9e-wood fail$ to leave _! trace ^u 8 v]se4 ,! *>m ( its summ] solitude seems to h sunk into 8 s\l2 = :5 he describes ! :isp]+ ( w9ds & s++ birds among ! b\ghs ( 8 t]re/rial p>adise1 he says3-- ,non p] dal lor ess] dritto sp>te ,tanto1 *e gli augelletti p] le cime ,lasciass] d' op]>e ogni lor arte3 ,ma con pi5a letizia l' aure prime1 ,cant&o1 ricevano intra le foglie1 ,*e t5evan bordone alle sue rime ,tal1 qual di ramo 9 ramo si raccoglie ,p] la p9eta 9 sul lito di ,*iassi ,qu&' ,eolo ,scirocco fuor discioglie4 ,) ^! v]ses 9 our m9ds1 :ile w&]+ d[n ! grassy aisles1 beside ! wat]s ( ! solit>y place1 we seem to meet t lady s++ z %e w5t1 & pluck+ fl[] by fl[]1 'l ,pros]p9e :5 ,c]es lo/ a daught]1 & %e lo/ h] spr+4' ,!re1 too1 ! vision ( ! griff9 & ! c>1 ( s++ maid5s1 & ( ,beatrice desc5d+ to ! s\nd ( ,b5$ictus & ( fall+ fl[]s1 h] flam+ robe & mantle gre5 z grass1 & veil ( :ite1 & olive cr[n1 all fla%$ ^u ! poet's inn] eye1 & he rememb]$ h[ he b[$ be=e h] :5 a boy4 ,!re is yet ano!r passage 9 :i* x is difficult to believe t ,dante _h n ! p9e-=e/ 9 8 m9d4 ,:5 ,virgil & ! poet 7 wait+ 9 anxiety be=e ! gates ( ,dis1 :5 ! ,furies on ! wall 7 te>+ _! brea/s & cry+1 ',v5ga ,m$usa1 e si 'l f>em di smalto1' sudd5ly across ! hide\s riv] came a s\nd l t :i* :irlw9ds make among ! %att]$ bran*es & bruis$ /ems ( =e/-trees2 & ,dante1 look+ out ) fe> ^u ! foam & spray & vap\r ( ! flood1 saw ?\s&s ( ! damn$ fly+ be=e ! face ( "o :o =d$ ,/yx ) feet unwet4 ',l frogs1' he says1 '!y fl$1 :o scurry ?r\gh ! wat] at ! sight ( _! foe1 ! s]p5t1 till ea* squats & hides himself close to ! gr\nd4' ,! picture ( ! /orm among ! trees might well h occurr$ to ,dante's m9d b5ea? ! ro( ( p9e-b\ghs4 ,nor is !re any place 9 :i* ! simile ( ! frogs & wat]-snake atta9s su* dignity & gr&eur4 ,i mu/ confess t till ,i saw ! ponds & m>%es ( ,rav5na1 ,i us$ to fancy t ! comp>ison 0 some:at bel[ ! greatness ( ! subject2 b !re s grave a note ( solemnity & desolation is /ruck1 ! scale ( ,nature is s l>ge1 & ! s]p5ts coil+ 9 & out among ! lily leaves & fl[]s are s mu* 9 _! "r place1 t !y sugge/ a sc5e by no means unwor?y ( ,dante's conception4 ,nor is ,dante ! only s+] :o has inve/$ ?is wood ) poetical associations4 ,x is well kn[n t ,boccaccio laid 8 /ory ( ',honoria' 9 ! p9e-=e/1 & e /ud5t ( ,engli% lit]ature mu/ be famili> ) ! noble tale 9 v]se :i* ,dryd5 has f\nd$ on ?is "p ( ! ',decam]on4' ,we all ( u h foll[$ ,!odore1 & wat*$ ) him ! tempe/ swell+ 9 ! grove1 & se5 ! hapless gho/ pursu$ by demon h\nds & hunt] d[n ! glades4 ,?is /ory %\ld be read :ile /orms are ga!r+ ^u ! di/ant sea1 or ?und]cl\ds desc5d+ f ! ,ap5n9es1 & :5 ! p9es beg9 to rock & surge b5ea? ! /ress ( lab\r+ w9ds4 ,!n runs ! sudd5 fla% ( lightn+ l a rapi] ?r\gh ! b\ghs1 ! ra9 /reams hiss+ d[n1 & ! ?und] 'breaks l a :ole sea ov]head4' ,) ! ,p9etum ! "n ( ,byron w be = ev] associat$4 ,dur+ 8 two ye>s' resid5ce 9 ,rav5na he us$ to haunt its wild]ness1 rid+ alone or 9 ! company ( fri5ds4 ,! inscription plac$ above ! entrance to ! h\se he occupi$ alludes to x z "o ( ! objects :i* pr9cipally attract$ ! poet to ! neighb\rhood ( ,rav5na3 ',impazi5te di visit>e l' antica selva1 *e inspir gi il ,div9o e ,giovanni ,boccaccio4' ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t a m p[]ful attraction1 9 ! p]son ( ! ,c\ntess ,guiccioli1 ma9ta9$ 8 fidelity to 't place ( old r5[n1 once 9 ! ,adrian ,sea1 ,rav5na4' ,betwe5 ! ,bosco1 z ! p ( ,rav5na call ?is p9e-wood1 & ! city1 ! m>% /ret*es = a di/ance ( ab\t ?ree miles4 ,x is a pla9 int]sect$ by dykes & dit*es1 & mapp$ out into innum]able rice-fields4 ,= m ?an half a ye> x lies "u wat]1 & dur+ ! o!r mon?s exhales a pe/il5tial vap\r1 :i* r5d]s x z un9habitable z ! ,roman ,campagna2 yet 9 spr+time ?is dre>y flat is ev5 beautiful4 ,! "y blades ( ! rice %oot up above ! wat]1 delicately gre5 & t5d]4 ,! dit*es are l9$ ) fl[]+ ru% & gold5 flags1 :ile :ite & yell[ lilies sleep 9 myriads ^u ! sil5t pools4 ,tam>isks wave _! p9k & silv] tresses by ! road1 & :]ev] a plot ( mossy e>? em]ges f ! m>%1 x gleams ) purple or*ises & flam+ m>igolds2 b ! soil b5ea? is s trea*]\s & spongy1 t ^! spl5did blossoms gr[ l fl[]s 9 dreams or fairy /ories4 ,y try 9 va9 to pick !m2 !y elude y\r grasp1 & fl\ri% 9 security beyond ! rea* ( arm or /ick4 ,su* is ! sight ( ! old t[n ( ,classis4 ,n a ve/ige ( ! ,roman city rema9s1 n a dwell+ or a ru9$ t[]1 no?+ b ! anci5t *ur* ( ,s4 ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe4 ,( all desolate build+s ?is is ! mo/ desolate4 ,n ev5 ! des]t$ gr&eur ( ,s4 ,paolo beyond ! walls ( ,rome c equal x4 ,its b>e r\nd campanile gazes at ! sky1 :i* "h vaults only sea & pla9--a p]fect dome1 />-spangl$ l ! ro( ( ,galla ,placidia's tomb4 ,rav5na lies l[ to we/1 ! p9e-wood /ret*es away 9 long monotony to ea/4 ,!re is no?+ else to be se5 except ! spread+ m>%1 b\nd$ by dim sn[y ,alps & purple ,ap5n9es1 s v f> away t ! level rack ( summ] cl\ds seem m atta9able & real4 ,:at sunsets & sunrises t t[] mu/ see2 :at gl>+ lurid aft]gl[s 9 ,augu/1 :5 ! r$ light sc[ls ^u ! pe/il5tial f52 :at %eets ( sull5 vap\r roll+ ov] x 9 autumn2 :at brea?less heats1 & ra9cl\ds big ) ?und]2 :at sil5ces2 :at unimp$$ bla/s ( w9t] w9ds6 ,"o old monk t5ds ?is des]t$ spot4 ,he has ! huge *ur*1 ) its e*o+ aisles & m>ble columns & giddy bell-t[] & cloi/]$ corridors1 all to himself4 ,at r>e int]vals1 prie/s f ,rav5na come to s+ "s special mass at ^! cold alt>s2 pi\s folk make v[s to pray ^u _! m\ldy /eps & kiss ! relics :i* are %[n on great occasions4 ,b no "o /ays2 !y hurry1 aft] mutt]+ _! pray]s1 f ! fev]-/rick5 spot1 res]v+ _! dome/ic pieties & cu/om>y devotions = ! bright] & new] *apels ( ! fa%ionable *ur*es 9 ,rav5na4 ,s ! old monk is left alone to sweep ! m>% wat] f 8 *ur* floor1 & to keep ! gre5 moss f gr[+ too ?ickly on its monum5ts4 ,a clammy conf]va cov]s ev]y?+ except ! mosaics ^u tribune1 ro(1 & cl]e/ory1 :i* defy ! c\rse ( age4 ,*ri/ on ,8 ?rone s$et at]numque s$ebit3 ! sa9ts ar\nd him glitt] ) _! pitiless uncompromis+ eyes & wood5 ge/ures1 z if twelve c5turies _h n pass$ ov] !m1 & !y 7 nightm>es only dream$ la/ night1 & root$ 9 a sick man's memory4 ,= ^? gaunt & solemn =ms !re is no *ange ( life or end ( days4 ,no fev] t\*es !m2 no dampness ( ! w9d & ra9 loos5s _! firm cem5t4 ,!y />e ) s5seless faces 9 bitt] mock]y ( m5 :o live & die & m\ld] away b5ea?4 ,_! poor old gu>dian told u x 0 a we>y life4 ,he has _h ! fev] ?ree times1 & does n hope to survive _m m ,septemb]s4 ,! v wat] t he dr9ks is br\ght him f ,rav5na2 = ! va/ f51 ?\gh x p\rs its ov]fl[ ^u ! *ur* floor1 & spreads l a lake ar\nd1 is dea? to dr9k4 ,! monk _h a g5tle woman's voice & mild br[n eyes4 ,:at t]rible crime _h consign$ him to ?is liv+ tomb8 ,= :at pa/ sorr[ is he we>y ( 8 life8 ,:at angui% ( remorse has driv5 him to su* a solitude8 ,yet he look$ simple & placid2 8 melan*oly 0 subdu$ & calm1 z if life 7 ov] = him1 & he 7 wait+ = dea? to come ) a fri5d's greet+ ^u noiseless w+s "s summ] night across ! f5-l&s 9 a cl\d ( s(t de/ructive fev]-mi/4 ,ano!r monum5t ^u ! pla9 is wor?y ( a visit4 ,x is ! s-call$ ,colonna dei ,francesi1 a c9quec5to pill> ( ,ionic design1 erect$ on ! spot :]e ,ga/on de ,foix expir$ victori\s aft] "o ( ! bloodie/ battles ev] f\ght4 ,! ,ronco1 a /raight sluggi% /ream1 fl[s by ! lonely spot2 mason bees h cov]$ ) labori\s /ucco-"w ! scrolls & leafage ( its ornam5ts1 conf\nd+ epitaphs & trophies "u _! mud h\ses4 ,a few cypress-trees /& r\nd x1 & ! dogs & *ick5s ( a neighb\r+ f>my>d make x _! r5dezv\s4 ,^? mason bees are l po/]ity1 :i* settles d[n ^u ! ru9s ( a ,baalbec or a ,luxor1 sett+ up its t5ts1 & fill+ ! fair spaces ( ,hell5ic or ,egyptian temples ) clay hovels4 ,no?+ diff]s b ! scale2 & :ile ! bees cont5t !mselves ) fill+ up & cov]+1 man de/roys ! sil5t places ( ! pa/ :i* he appropriates4 ,9 ,rav5na itself1 p]haps :at /rikes u mo/ is ! abrupt transition ev]y:]e disc]nible f monum5ts ( va/ antiquity to build+s ( q mod]n date4 ,!re seems to be no int]val betwe5 ! m>bles & mosaics ( ,ju/9ian or ,!odoric & ! insignificant fripp]y ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! *ur*es ( ,rav5na--,s4 ,vitale1 ,s4 ,apoll9>e1 & ! re/--are too well kn[n1 & h be5 too (t5 describ$ by en?usia/ic antiqu>ies1 to ne$ a detail$ notice 9 ?is place4 ,e "o is aw>e t ! ecclesia/ical cu/oms & ar*itecture ( ! e>ly ,*ur* c be /udi$ 9 great] p]fection "h ?an else:]e4 ,n ev5 ! basilicas & mosaics ( ,rome1 nor ^? ( ,pal]mo & ,monreale1 are equal = hi/orical int]e/ to ^? ( ,rav5na4 ,yet !re is n "o s+le *ur* :i* rema9s entirely unalt]$ & unspoil$4 ,! imag9ation has to supply ! atrium or out] portico f "o build+1 ! vault$ bapti/]y ) its m>ble font f ano!r1 ! pulpits & ambones f a ?ird ! tribune f a f\r?1 ! r\nd brick bell-t[] f a fif?1 & !n to cov] all ! concave ro(s & *apel walls ) grave & glitt]+ mosaics4 ,!re is no?+ m beautiful 9 decorative art ?an ! mosaics ( su* t9y build+s z ! tomb ( ,galla ,placidia or ! *apel ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace4 ,!y are l jewell$ & enamell$ cases2 n an in* ( wall c be se5 :i* is n cov]$ ) elaborate patt]ns ( ! brighte/ col\rs4 ,tall date-palms spr+ f ! floor ) fruit & birds among _! bran*es1 & betwe5 !m /& ! pill>s & apo/les ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! sp&rels & lunettes above ! ar*es & ! w9d[s angels fly ) :ite ext5d$ w+s4 ,on e vacant place are scrolls & arabesques ( foliage1--birds & bea/s1 doves dr9k+ f ! vase1 & peacocks spread+ gorge\s plumes--a maze ( gre5 & gold & blue4 ,ov]head1 ! vault is p[d]$ ) />s gleam+ ^u ! deepe/ azure1 & 9 ! mid/ is set an aureole embrac+ ! maje/ic head ( ,*ri/1 or else ! symbol ( ! sacr$ fi%1 or ! h& ( ! ,creator po9t+ f a cl\d4 ,9 ,galla ,placidia's tomb ^! /ori$ vaults spr+ above ! s>cophagi ( empresses & emp]ors1 ea* ly+ 9 ! place :]e he 0 laid m ?an twelve c5turies ago4 ,! light :i* /ruggles ?r\gh ! n>r[ w9d[s s]ves to h>monise ! brilliant hues & make a gorge\s gloom4 ,besides ^! m g5]al & decorative subjects1 _m ( ! *ur*es are adorn$ ) hi/orical mosaics1 sett+ =? ! ,bible n>rative or incid5ts f ! life ( ,*ri/ian emp]ors & k+s4 ,9 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo !re is a mo/ int]e/+ treble s]ies ( su* mosaics ext5d+ ov] bo? walls ( ! nave4 ,on ! left h&1 z we ent]1 we see ! t[n ( ,classis2 on ! "r ! palace ( ,!odoric1 its doors & loggie ri* ) curta9s1 & its friezes blaz+ ) col\r$ ornam5ts4 ,f ! city gate ( ,classis virg9s issue1 & proce$ 9 a long l9e until !y rea* ,madonna seat$ on a ?rone1 ) ,*ri/ ^u h] knees1 & ! ?ree k+s 9 adoration at h] feet4 ,f ,!odoric's palace door a simil> procession ( sa9ts & m>tyrs c>ry u to ,*ri/ surr\nd$ by ar*angels4 ,above ?is d\ble r[ ( sa9ts & virg9s /& ! fa!rs & prophets ( ! ,*ur*1 & highe/ und]nea? ! ro( are pictures f ! life ( our ,"l4 ,x w be rememb]$ 9 connection ) ^! subjects t ! wom5 sat ^u ! left & ! m5 ^u ! "r side ( ! *ur*4 ,above ! tribune1 at ! ea/ end ( ! *ur*1 x 0 cu/om>y to repres5t ! ,creative ,h&1 or ! monogram ( ! ,savi\r1 or ! head ( ,*ri/ ) ! lett]s ,a & ,greek 4 ,moses & ,elijah frequ5tly /& on ei!r side to symbolise ! transfiguration1 :ile ! sa9ts & bi%ops specially connect$ ) ! *ur* appe>$ ^u a l[] r[4 ,!n on ! side walls 7 depict$ su* subjects z ,ju/9ian & ,!odora among _! c\rti]s1 or ! grant ( ! privileges ( ! *ur* to its fir/ f\nd] f imp]ial patrons1 ) symbols ( ! old ,hebraic ritual--,abel's lamb1 ! sacrifice ( ,isaac1 ,mel*is$ec's (f]+ ( bread & w9e1--:i* 7 reg>d$ z ! types ( ,*ri/ian c]emonies4 ,! bapti/]y 0 adorn$ ) appropriate mosaics repres5t+ ,*ri/'s baptism 9 ,jordan4 ,g5]ally speak+1 "o is /ruck ) ! dignity ( ^! designs1 & especially ) ! comb9$ maje/y & sweetness ( ! face ( ,*ri/4 ,! s5se = h>mony ( hue display$ 9 _! composition is m>vell\s4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to trace 9 detail ! remnants ( classical treatm5t :i* may be disc]n$--,jordan1 = in/ance1 p\rs 8 wat] f an urn l a riv]-god cr[n$ ) s$ge--or to %[ :at po9ts ( ecclesia/ical tradition are e/abli%$ ^! anci5t monum5ts4 ,we f9d ,m>iolatry already imm95t1 ! names ( ! ?ree k+s1 ,kasp>1 ,mel*ior1 & ,bal?az>1 ! f\r evangeli/s z we n[ recognise !m1 & _m ( ! rites & ve/m5ts :i* ,rituali/s ( all d5om9ations reg>d ) sup]/iti\s rev]5ce4 ,!re are two sepul*ral monum5ts 9 ,rav5na :i* _c be pass$ ov] unnotic$4 ,! "o is t ( ,!odoric ! ,go?1 cr[n$ by its semisph]e ( solid /one1 a mighty tomb1 well wor?y ( ! conqu]or & k+4 ,x /&s 9 a gre5 field1 surr\nd$ by acacias1 :]e ! night+ales s+ ceaselessly 9 ,may4 ,! mason bees h cov]$ x1 & ! wat] has invad$ its sepul*ral vaults4 ,9 spite ( _m trials1 x seems t human art is unable to pump out ! pond & cle> ! frogs & efts f ! *amb] :]e ! great ,go? 0 laid by ,amalasun?a4 ,! o!r is ,dante's temple1 ) its basrelief & )]$ g>l&s4 ,! /ory ( 8 burial1 & ( ! discov]y ( 8 real tomb1 is fre% 9 ! memory ( e "o4 ,b ! 'little cupola1 m neat ?an solemn1' ( :i* ,"l ,byron speaks1 w cont9ue to be ! goal ( _m a pilgrimage4 ,= myself--?\gh ,i rememb] ,*ateaubri&'s b>ehead$ g5uflection on its ?re%old1 ,alfi]i's passionate pro/ration at ! alt>-tomb1 & ,byron's (f]+ ( poems on ! poet's %r9e--,i confess t a s+le canto ( ! ',inf]no1' a s+le passage ( ! ',vita ,nuova1' seems m full ( s\l-/irr+ associations ?an ! place :]e1 c5turies ago1 ! mighty du/ 0 laid4 ,x is ! _s t lives & makes alive4 ,& ,dante's _s seems m pres5t ) u "u ! p9e-bran*es ( ! ,bosco ?an beside 8 real or fanci$ tomb4 ',he is ris51'--',lo1 ,i am ) y alway'--^! are ! words t ought to haunt u 9 a bury+-gr\nd4 ,!re is some?+ affect$ & self-consci\s 9 ov]p[]+ grief or en?usiasm or humiliation at a tomb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rim9i ,,sigismondo ,,p&olfo ,,malate/a ,,& ,,leo ,,batti/a ,,alb]ti ,rim9i is a city ( ab\t #ah1jjj s\ls1 fam\s = its ,/abilm5to de' ,bagni & its antiquities1 seat$ ^u ! coa/ ( ! ,adriatic1 a little to ! s\?-ea/ ( ! _w-hi/orical ,rubicon4 ,x is our duty to m5tion ! ba?s fir/ among its claims to di/9ction1 s9ce ! prosp]ity & *e]fulness ( ! little t[n dep5d on !m 9 a great measure4 ,b visitors f ! nor? w fly f ^!1 to m>vel at ! bridge :i* ,augu/us built & ,tib]ius complet$1 & :i* /ill spans ! ,m>ec*ia ) five gigantic ar*es ( :ite ,i/rian lime/one1 z solidly z if x _h n borne ! trampl+s ( at lea/ ?ree conque/s4 ,! triumphal ar*1 too1 erect$ 9 hon\r ( ,augu/us1 is a notable monum5t ( ,roman ar*itecture4 ,broad1 pond]\s1 sub/antial1 tuft$ "h & !re ) fl[]+ we$s1 & surm\nt$ ) m$iaeval ma*icolations1 prov+ x to h sometimes /ood = city gate or =tress1 x contra/s mo/ fav\rably ) ! slight & some:at gimcrack ar* ( ,trajan 9 ! si/] city ( ,ancona4 ,yet ^! rema9s ( ! imp]ial pontifices1 mighty & int]e/+ z !y are1 s9k into comp>ative insignificance beside ! "o great wond] ( ,rim9i1 ! ca!dral remodell$ = ,sigismondo ,p&olfo ,malate/a by ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti 9 #adej4 ,?is /range *ur*1 "o ( ! e>lie/ extant build+s 9 :i* ! ,neopaganism ( ! ,r5aissance %[$ itself 9 full =ce1 br+s toge!r be=e our memory two m5 :o might be *os5 z typical 9 _! contra/$ *>act]s ( ! transitional age :i* gave !m bir?4 ,no "o ) any t9cture ( lit]>y k is ignorant ( ! fame at lea/ ( ! great ,malate/a family--! h\se ( ! ,wrongheads1 z !y 7 rightly call$ by "s prevision ( _! future "p 9 ,lomb>d hi/ory4 ,! read]s ( ! tw5ty-sev5? & tw5ty-eigh? cantos ( ! ',inf]no' h all he>d ( ,e il ma/9 vec*io e il nuovo da ,v]uc*io ,*e fec] di ,montagna il mal gov]no1 :ile ! /ory ( ,francesca da ,pol5ta1 :o 0 w$d$ to ! hun*back ,giovanni ,malate/a & murd]$ by him ) h] lov] ,paolo1 is kn[n n m]ely to /ud5ts ( ,dante1 b to read]s ( ,byron & ,leigh ,hunt1 to admir]s ( ,flaxman1 ,ary ,s*eff]1 ,dor--to all1 9 fact1 :o h ( art & lett]s any love4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! ,malate/i1 f _! fir/ e/abli%m5t "u ,o?o ,,iii4 z lieut5ants = ! ,empire 9 ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 d[n to _! f9al subjugation by ! ,papacy 9 ! age ( ! ,r5aissance1 is made up ( all ! vicissitudes :i* c\ld befall a m$iaeval ,italian despotism4 ,acquir+ an unlawful "r ov] ! t[ns ( ,rim9i1 ,ces5a1 ,sogliano1 ,ghiacciuolo1 !y rul$ _! petty pr9cipalities l tyrants by ! help ( ! ,guelf & ,ghibell9e factions1 incl9+ to ! "o or ! o!r z x suit$ _! hum\r or _! int]e/1 wrangl+ among !mselves1 transmitt+ ! succession ( _! dyna/y ?r\gh ba/>ds & by de$s ( =ce1 qu>rell+ ) _! neighb\rs ! ,c\nts ( ,urb9o1 alt]nately defy+ & submitt+ to ! ,papal legates 9 ,romagna1 s]v+ z condotti]i 9 ! w>s ( ! ,visconti & ! /ate ( ,v5ice1 & by _! re/lessness & g5ius = milit>y intrigues contribut+ 9 no slight measure to ! g5]al di/urbance ( ,italy4 ,! ,malate/i 7 a race ( /rongly m>k$ "*3 m1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r h\se ( ,italian tyrants1 !y comb9$ = g5]ations ^? qualities ( ! fox & ! lion1 :i* ,ma*iavelli ?\ght indisp5sable to a successful despot4 ,son aft] son1 bro!r ) bro!r1 !y cont9u$ to be fi]ce & valiant soldi]s1 cruel 9 peace1 h>dy 9 w>1 b treasonable & suspici\s 9 all transactions t c\ld n be settl$ by ! sword4 ,want ( union1 ) !m z ) ! ,baglioni & _m o!r ( ! m9or noble families 9 ,italy1 prev5t$ _! f\nd+ a sub/antial dyna/y4 ,_! p[]1 bas$ on =ce1 0 ma9ta9$ by craft & crime1 & transmitt$ ?r\gh tortu\s *annels by intrigue4 ,:ile false 9 _! deal+s ) ! _w at l>ge1 !y 7 diabolical 9 ! p]fidy ) :i* !y treat$ "o ano!r4 ,no feudal cu/om1 no /&>d ( h]$it>y "r1 rul$ ! succession 9 _! family4 ,!re=e ! able/ ,malate/a = ! mom5t clut*$ :at he c\ld ( ! doma9s t own$ 8 h\se = ma/]s4 ,p>titions among sons or bro!rs1 mutually ho/ile & suspici\s1 weak5$ ! :ole /ock4 ,yet !y 7 great en\gh to hold _! own = c5turies among ! _m tyrants :o infe/$ ,lomb>dy4 ,t ! o!r pr9cely families ( ,romagna1 ,emilia1 & ! ,m>* 7 9 ! same /ate ( int]nal discord & dismemb]m5t1 0 probably "o reason :y ! ,malate/i /ood _! gr\nd s firmly z !y did4 ,s f> z ,rim9i is conc]n$1 ! h\se ( ,malate/a culm9at$ 9 ,sigismondo ,p&olfo1 son ( ,gian ,galeazzo ,visconti's g5]al1 ! p]fidi\s ,p&olfo4 ,x 0 he :o built ! ,rocca1 or ca/le ( ! despots1 :i* /&s a little way outside ! t[n1 comm&+ a fair view ( ,ap5n9e toss$ hill-tops & broad ,lomb>d pla91 & :o remodell$ ! ,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,francis on a plan sugge/$ by ! greate/ g5ius ( ! age4 ,sigismondo ,p&olfo ,malate/a 0 "o ( ! /range/ products ( ! e>li] ,r5aissance4 ,to enum]ate ! crimes :i* he committ$ )9 ! sph]e ( 8 own family1 my/]i\s & inhuman outrages :i* r5d] ! tale ( ! ,c5ci cr$ible1 w\ld violate ! dec5cies ( lit]ature4 ,a ?or\ghly be/ial nature ga9s ?us mu* ) po/]ity t its wor/ qualities mu/ be pass$ by 9 sil5ce4 ,x is en\gh to m5tion t he murd]$ ?ree wives 9 succession1#b ,bussoni di ,c>magnuola1 ,gu9ip]a d',e/e1 & ,poliss5a ,s=za1 on v>i\s pretexts ( infidelity1 & c>v$ horns ^u 8 own tomb ) ?is fanta/ic leg5d und]nea?3-- ,porto le corna *' ognuno le v$e1 ,e tal le porta *e non se lo cr$e4 ,he di$ 9 w$lock ) ! beautiful & le>n$ ,isotta degli ,atti1 :o _h = "s "t be5 8 mi/ress4 ,b1 l mo/ ( ! ,malate/i1 he left no legitimate (fspr+4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life he 0 di/+ui%$ = brav]y & cunn+1 = endurance ( fatigue & rapidity ( action1 = an almo/ fretful ra%ness 9 ! execution ( 8 s*emes1 & = a "* t]rible 9 its viol5ce4 ,he 0 ackn[l$g$ z a great g5]al2 yet no?+ succe$$ ) him4 ,! long w>f>e :i* he c>ri$ on aga9/ ! ,duke ( ,montefeltro end$ 9 8 discomfiture4 ,hav+ begun by defy+ ! ,holy ,see1 he 0 impea*$ at ,rome = h]esy1 p>ricide1 ince/1 adult]y1 rape1 & sacrilege1 burn$ 9 effigy by ,pope ,pius ,,ii41 & f9ally re/or$ to ! bosom ( ! ,*ur*1 aft] suff]+ ! despoliation ( almo/ all 8 t]ritories1 9 #adfc4 ,! occasion on :i* ?is fi]ce & turbul5t despis] ( laws human & div9e 0 =c$ to kneel z a p5it5t be=e ! ,papal legate 9 ! gorge\s temple d$icat$ to 8 own pride1 9 ord] t ! ban ( excommunication might be remov$ f ,rim9i1 0 "o ( ^? petty triumphs1 int]e/+ *iefly = _! picturesqu5ess1 by :i* ! ,popes confirm$ _! que/ionable rights ov] ! cities ( ,romagna4 ,sigismondo1 %orn ( 8 sov]eignty1 took ! comm& ( ! ,v5etian troops aga9/ ! ,turks 9 ! ,morea1 & return$ 9 #adfe1 cr[n$ ) laurels1 to die at ,rim9i 9 ! sc5e ( 8 old spl5d\r4 ,a v *>act]i/ic incid5t belongs to ?is la/ act ( 8 life4 ,dissolute1 trea*]\s1 & inhuman z he 01 ! tyrant ( ,rim9i _h always enc\rag$ lit]ature1 & delight$ 9 ! society ( arti/s4 ,he :o c\ld brook no contradiction f a pr9ce or soldi]1 all[$ ! p$antic s*ol>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury to dictate to him 9 matt]s ( ta/e1 & sat ) exempl>y humility at ! feet ( ,lat9i/s l ,porcellio1 ,bas9io1 & ,trebanio4 ,valturio1 ! eng9e]1 & ,alb]ti1 ! ar*itect1 7 8 famili> fri5ds2 & ! be/ h\rs ( 8 life 7 sp5t 9 conv]sation ) ^! m54 ,n[ t he f\nd himself ^u ! sacr$ soil ( ,greece1 he 0 det]m9$ n to return to ,italy empty-h&$4 ,%\ld he br+ manuscripts or m>bles1 preci\s vases or inscriptions 9 half-legible ,greek "*8 ,^! relics 7 gre$ily s\ght = by ! pot5tates ( ,italian cities2 & no d\bt ,sigismondo enri*$ 8 libr>y ) "s su* treasures4 ,b he obta9$ a nobl] prize--no?+ less ?an ! body ( a sa9t ( s*ol>%ip1 ! au!ntic bones ( ! great ,platoni/1 ,gemi/hus ,ple?o4#c ,^! he exhum$ f _! ,greek grave & caus$ !m to be deposit$ 9 a /one s>cophagus outside ! ca!dral ( 8 build+ 9 ,rim9i4 ,! ,v5etians1 :5 !y /ole ! body ( ,s4 ,m>k f ,alex&ria1 7 sc>cely m pleas$ ?an 0 ,sigismondo ) ! acquisition ( ?is ,fa!r ( ! ,neopagan fai?4 ,^u ! tomb we /ill may read ?is leg5d3 ',jemi/hii ,bizantii philosoph] sua temp pr9cipis reliquum ,sig4 ,pan4 ,mal4 ,pan4 ,f4 belli ,pelop adv]sus ,turcor regem ,imp ob +5tem eruditorum quo flagrat amorem huc aff]5dum introque mitt5dum curavit ,,mcccclxvi4' ,( ! ,lat9ity ( ! inscription mu* _c be said2 b x means t ',sigismondo ,p&olfo ,malate/a1 hav+ s]v$ z g5]al aga9/ ! ,turks 9 ! ,morea1 induc$ by ! great love ) :i* he burns = all le>n$ m51 br\ght & plac$ "h ! rema9s ( ,gemi/hus ( ,byzantium1 ! pr9ce ( ! philosoph]s ( 8 day4' ,sigismondo's portrait1 engrav$ on m$als1 & sculptur$ ^u e frieze & po9t ( vantage 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,rim9i1 well d5otes ! man4 ,8 face is se5 9 pr(ile4 ,! head1 :i* is l[ & flat above ! =ehead1 ris+ swiftly backw>d f ! cr[n1 c>ries a ?ick bu%y %ock ( hair curl+ at ! ends1 su* z ! ,italians call a zazz]a4 ,! eye is deeply sunk1 ) long v5om\s flat eyelids1 l ^? :i* ,leon>do gives to 8 mo/ wick$ faces4 ,! nose is long & crook$1 curv$ l a vulture's ov] a petulant m\?1 ) lips delib]ately press$ toge!r1 z ?\gh x 7 necess>y to control "s n]v\s twit*+4 ,! *eek is broad1 & its bone is /rongly m>k$4 ,look+ at ^! features 9 repose1 we _c b picture to our fancy :at expression !y might assume "u a sudd5 fit ( fury1 :5 ! s9ews ( ! face 7 contract$ ) quiv]+ spasms1 & ! lips wri!d 9 sympa?y ) knit =ehead & wr9kl$ eyelids4 ,allusion has be5 made to ! ,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,francis at ,rim9i1 z ! great ornam5t ( ! t[n1 & ! *ief monum5t ( ,sigismondo's fame4 ,x is "h t all ! ,malate/i lie4 ,"h too is ! *apel consecrat$ to ,isotta1 ',div ,isott ,sacrum2' & ! tombs ( ! ,malate/a ladies1 ',malate/orum doms h]oidum sepul*rum2' & ,sigismondo's own grave ) ! cuckold's horns & scornful epitaph4 ,no?+ b ! fact t ! *ur* is duly d$icat$ to ,s4 ,francis1 & t its out] %ell ( classic m>ble encases an old ,go?ic edifice1 rema9s to rem9d u t x is a ,*ri/ian place ( wor%ip4#d ,x has no sanctity1 no _s ( piety4 ,! pride ( ! tyrant ^: leg5d--',sigismundus ,p&ulphus ,malate/a ,pan4 ,f4 ,fecit ,anno ,grati ,,mccccl'--occupies e ar* & /r+c\rse ( ! ar*itecture1 & ^: coat-(-arms & portrait 9 m$allion1 ) 8 ciph] & 8 emblems ( an elephant & a rose1 are wr\ght 9 e piece ( sculptur$ "w ?r\gh\t ! build+1 seems s to fill ?is h\se ( pray] t !re is no room left = ,god4 ,yet ! ,ca!dral ( ,rim9i rema9s a monum5t ( fir/-rate importance = all /ud5ts :o seek to p5etrate ! reviv$ ,paganism ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x s]ves also to br+ a f> m int]e/+ ,italian ( t p]iod ?an ! tyrant ( ,rim9i himself1 be=e our notice4 ,9 ! execution ( 8 design1 ,sigismondo receiv$ ! assi/ance ( "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 ( ?is or any o!r age4 ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti1 a scion ( ! noble ,flor5t9e h\se ( t "n1 born dur+ ! exile ( 8 p>5ts1 & educat$ 9 ! ,v5etian t]ritory1 0 end[$ by nature ) aptitudes1 faculties1 & s5sibilities s v>i$1 z to des]ve ! "n ( univ]sal g5ius4 ,italy 9 ! ,r5aissance p]iod 0 ri* 9 natures ( ?is sort1 to :om no?+ t is /range or beautiful seem$ unfamili>1 & :o1 gift$ ) a k9d ( div9ation1 p5etrat$ ! secrets ( ! _w by sympa?y4 ,to ,pico della ,mir&ola1 ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 & ,mi*el ,agnolo ,buon>roti may be add$ ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti4 ,t he a*iev$ less ?an 8 great compe]s1 & t he n[ exi/s z ! %ad[ ( a mighty "n1 0 ! effect ( circum/ances4 ,he came half a c5tury too e>ly into ! _w1 & work$ z a pione] r ?an a settl] ( ! realm :i* ,lion>do rul$ z 8 demesne4 ,v e>ly 9 8 boyhood ,alb]ti %[$ ! v]satility ( 8 tal5ts4 ,! use ( arms1 ! managem5t ( horses1 music1 pa9t+1 modell+ = sculpture1 ma!matics1 classical & mod]n lit]ature1 physical sci5ce z !n compreh5d$1 & all ! bodily ex]cises prop] to ! e/ate ( a "y nobleman1 7 at 8 comm&4 ,8 biograph] ass]ts t he 0 nev] idle1 nev] subject to ennui or fatigue4 ,he us$ to say t books at times gave him ! same pleasure z brilliant jewels or p]fum$ fl[]s3 hung] & sleep c\ld n keep him f !m !n4 ,at o!r times ! lett]s on ! page appe>$ to him l tw9+ & contort$ scorpions1 s t he pref]r$ to gaze on any?+ b writt5 scrolls4 ,he w\ld !n turn to music or pa9t+1 or to ! physical sports 9 :i* he excell$4 ,! language 9 :i* ?is alt]nation ( passion & disgu/ = /udy is express$1 be>s on x ! /amp ( ,alb]ti's peculi> temp]am5t1 8 f]vid & imag9ative g5ius1 in/9ct ) subtle sympa?ies & /range repugnances4 ,fly+ f 8 /udy1 he w\ld !n betake himself to ! op5 air4 ,no "o surpass$ him 9 runn+1 9 wre/l+1 9 ! =ce ) :i* he ca/ 8 javel9 or dis*>g$ 8 arr[s4 ,s sure 0 8 aim & s skilful 8 ca/1 t he c\ld fl+ a f>?+ f ! pavem5t ( ! squ>e1 & make x r+ aga9/ a *ur* ro( f> above4 ,:5 he *ose to jump1 he put 8 feet toge!r & b\nd$ ov] ! %\ld]s ( m5 /&+ erect ^u ! gr\nd4 ,on horseback he ma9ta9$ p]fect equilibrium1 & seem$ incapable ( fatigue4 ,! mo/ re/ive & vici\s animals trembl$ "u him & became l lambs4 ,!re 0 a k9d ( magnetism 9 ! man4 ,we read1 besides ^! feats ( /r5g? & skill1 t he took pleasure 9 climb+ m\nta9s1 = no o!r purpose app>5tly ?an = ! joy ( be+ close to nature4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r ( 8 in/9cts1 ,alb]ti 0 be=e 8 age4 ,to c>e = ! beauties ( l&scape unadorn$ by art1 & to sympa?ise ) sublime or rugg$ sc5]y1 0 n 9 ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,humanity occupi$ ! att5tion ( poets & pa9t]s2 & ! age 0 yet f> di/ant :5 ! pan!i/ic feel+ = ! _w %\ld produce ! art ( ,wordswor? & ( ,turn]4 ,yet a few great natures ev5 !n began to compreh5d ! *>m & my/]y :i* ! ,greeks _h imag$ 9 _! ,pan1 ! s5se ( an all-p]vasive _s 9 wild places1 ! feel+ ( a hidd5 want1 ! invisible tie :i* makes man a "p ( rocks & woods & /reams ar\nd him4 ,petr>* _h already asc5d$ ! summit ( ,mont ,v5t\x1 to m$itate1 ) an exaltation ( ! s\l he sc>cely und]/ood1 ^u ! sc5e spread at 8 feet & above 8 head4 neas ,sylvius ,piccolom9i delight$ 9 wild places = no m]e pleasure ( ! *ase1 b = ! joy he took 9 commun+ ) nature4 ,h[ ,s4 ,francis f\nd ,god 9 ! sun & ! air1 ! wat] & ! />s1 we "k by 8 celebrat$ hymn2 & ( ,dante's acute obs]vation1 e canto ( ! ',div9e ,com$y' is witness4 ,leo ,alb]ti 0 t\*$ 9 _s by ev5 a deep] & a /rang] pa?os ?an any ( ^! m53 ',9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 he beheld ! mead[s & hills cov]$ ) fl[]s1 & saw ! trees & plants ( all k9ds be>+ promise ( fruit1 8 he>t became exce$+ sorr[ful2 & :5 9 autumn he look$ on fields heavy ) h>ve/ & or*>ds apple-lad51 he felt su* grief t _m ev5 saw him weep = ! sadness ( 8 s\l4' ,x w\ld seem t he sc>cely und]/ood ! s\rce ( ?is sweet tr\ble3 = at su* times he comp>$ ! slo? & inutility ( m5 ) ! indu/ry & f]tility ( nature2 z ?\gh ?is 7 ! secret ( 8 melan*oly4 ,a poet ( our c5tury has not$ ! same /irr+ ( ! _s1 & has /riv5 to acc\nt = x3-- ,te>s f ! dep? ( "s div9e despair ,rise 9 ! he>t1 & ga!r to ! eyes1 ,9 look+ on ! happy autumn fields1 ,& ?9k+ ( ! days t are no m4 ,bo? ,alb]ti & ,t5nyson h connect$ ! mal du pays ( ! human s\l = t anci5t c\ntry ( its bir?1 ! mild ,saturnian e>? f :i* we sprang1 ) a s5se ( loss4 ,x is ! wa/e ( human en]gy t affects ,alb]ti2 ! wa/e ( human life t\*es ! mod]n poet4 ,yet bo? p]haps h sc>cely int]pret$ _! own _s2 = is n ! true s\rce ( te>s deep] & m secret8 ,man is a *ild ( nature 9 ! simple/ s5se2 & ! /irr+s ( ! secul> brea/s t gave him suck1 & on :i* he ev5 n[ mu/ hang1 h pot5t influ5ces ov] 8 emotions4 ,( ,alb]ti's extraord9>y s5sitiv5ess to all su* impressions _m curi\s tales are told4 ,! sight ( refulg5t jewels1 ( fl[]s1 & ( fair l&scapes1 _h ! same effect ^u 8 n]ves z ! s\nd ( ! ,dorian mood ^u ! y\?s :om ,py?agoras cur$ ( passion by music4 ,he f\nd 9 !m an anodyne = pa91 a re/oration f sickness4 ,l ,walt ,:itman1 :o adh]es to nature by clos] & m vital sympa?y ?an any o!r poet ( ! mod]n _w1 ,alb]ti felt ! *>m ( excell5t old age no less ?an t ( florid y\?4 ',on old m5 gift$ ) a noble pres5ce & hale & vigor\s1 he gaz$ aga9 & aga91 & said t he rev]$ 9 !m ! delights ( nature 7natur delitias74' ,bea/s & birds & all liv+ creatures mov$ him to admiration = ! grace ) :i* !y _h be5 gift$1 ea* 9 8 own k9d4 ,x is ev5 said t he compos$ a fun]al oration = a dog :i* he _h lov$ & :i* di$4 ,to ?is s5sibility = all fair ?+s 9 nature1 ,alb]ti add$ ! *>m ( a s+ul>ly sweet temp] & graceful conv]sation4 ,! activity ( 8 m9d1 :i* 0 always be+ ex]cis$ on subjects ( grave speculation1 remov$ him f ! noise & bu/le ( commonplace society4 ,he 0 some:at sil5t1 incl9$ to solitude1 & ( a p5sive c\nt5ance2 yet no man f\nd him difficult ( access3 8 c\rtesy 0 exquisite1 & among famili> fri5ds he 0 not$ = ! fla%es ( a delicate & subtle wit4 ,collections 7 made ( 8 apoph!gms by fri5ds1 & "s are record$ by 8 anonym\s biograph]4#e ,_! f9] p]fume1 z almo/ always happ5s ) good say+s :i* d n c]ta9 ! full pi? ( a prov]b1 b owe _! =ce1 9 "p at lea/1 to ! p]sonality ( _! au?or1 & to ! happy mom5t ( _! production1 has evanesc$4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 is "o :i* seems /ill to be> ! impress ( ,alb]ti's g5ius3 ',gold is ! s\l ( lab\r1 & lab\r ! slave ( pleasure4' ,( wom5 he us$ to say t _! incon/ancy 0 an antidote to _! fals5ess2 = if a woman c\ld b p]sev]e 9 :at %e und]took1 all ! fair works ( m5 w\ld be ru9$4 ,"o ( 8 /ronge/ moral s5t5ces is aim$ at envy1 f :i* he suff]$ mu* 9 8 own life1 & aga9/ :i* he gu>d$ ) a curi\s am\nt ( caution4 ,8 own family grudg$ ! di/9ction :i* 8 tal5ts ga9$ = him1 & a d>k /ory is told ( a secret attempt made by !m to assass9ate him ?r\gh 8 s]vants4 ,alb]ti met ^! ignoble jeal\sies ) a /ately calm & a sweet dignity ( demean\r1 nev] condesc5d+ to accuse 8 relatives1 nev] seek+ to retaliate1 b act+ always = ! hon\r ( 8 illu/ri\s h\se4 ,9 ! same _s ( g5]osity he refus$ to ent] into wordy w>f>e ) detractors & calumniators1 sp>+ ! reputation ev5 ( 8 wor/ enemy :5 *ance _h plac$ him 9 8 p[]4 ,?is mod]ation bo? ( spee* & conduct 0 especially di/+ui%$ 9 an age :i* tol]at$ ! fi]ce invectives ( ,filelfo1 & applaud$ ! v9dictive c\rage ( ,cell9i4 ,to money ,alb]ti %[$ a calm indiff]5ce4 ,he committ$ 8 prop]ty to 8 fri5ds & %>$ ) !m 9 common4 ,nor 0 he less c>eless ab\t vulg> fame1 sp5d+ f> m pa9s 9 ! inv5tion ( ma*9]y & ! discov]y ( laws1 ?an 9 _! publication to ! _w4 ,8 s]vice 0 to k1 n to glory4 ,self-control 0 ano!r ( 8 em95t qualities4 ,) ! natural impetuosity ( a l>ge he>t1 & ! vivacity ( a tra9$ a?lete1 he yet nev] all[$ himself to be subdu$ by ang] or by s5sual impulses1 b took pa9s to pres]ve 8 "* un/a9$ & dignifi$ be=e ! eyes ( m54 ,a /ory is told ( him :i* may rem9d u ( ,goe!'s det]m9ation to ov]come 8 gidd9ess4 ,9 8 y\? 8 head 0 s+ul>ly s5sitive to *anges ( temp]ature2 b by gradual habituation he br\ght himself at la/ to endure ! extremes ( heat & cold b>ehead$4 ,9 l mann] he _h a con/itutional disgu/ = onions & honey2 s p[]ful1 t ! v sight ( ^! ?+s made him sick4 ,yet by con/antly view+ & t\*+ :at 0 disagreeable1 he conqu]$ ^! dislikes2 & prov$ t m5 h a complete ma/]y ov] :at is m]ely in/9ctive 9 _! nature4 ,8 c\rage correspond$ to 8 spl5did physical developm5t4 ,:5 a boy ( fifte51 he sev]ely w\nd$ himself 9 ! foot4 ,! ga% _h to be prob$ & !n sewn up4 ,alb]ti n only bore ! pa9 ( ?is op]ation )\t a groan1 b help$ ! surgeon ) 8 own h&s2 & effect$ a cure ( ! fev] :i* succe$$ by ! solace ( s++ to 8 ci!rn4 ,= music he _h a g5ius ( ! r>e/ ord]2 & 9 pa9t+ he is said to h a*iev$ success4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 rema9s ( 8 "w & f :at ,vas>i says ( x1 we may fairly conclude t he gave less c>e to ! execution ( f9i%$ pictures1 ?an to draw+s subsidi>y to ar*itectural & me*anical designs4 ,8 biograph] relates t :5 he _h complet$ a pa9t+1 he call$ *ildr5 & ask$ !m :at x meant4 ,if !y did n "k1 he reckon$ x a failure4 ,he 0 also 9 ! habit ( pa9t+ f memory4 ,:ile at ,v5ice1 he put on canvas ! faces ( fri5ds at ,flor5ce :om he _h n se5 = mon?s4 ,t ! art ( pa9t+ 0 subs]vi5t 9 8 e/imation to me*anics1 is indicat$ by :at we he> ab\t ! cam]a1 9 :i* he %[$ l&scapes by day & ! revolutions ( ! />s by night1 s lively drawn t ! spectators 7 affect$ ) amazem5t4 ,! semi-sci5tific impulse to ext5d man's ma/]y ov] nature1 ! magician's desire to p5etrate secrets1 :i* s p[]fully influ5c$ ! developm5t ( ,lion>do's g5ius1 seems to h ov]come ! purely /hetic in/9cts ( ,alb]ti1 s t he became 9 ! end nei!r a great arti/ l ,raphael1 nor a great discov]] l ,galileo1 b r a clairvoyant to :om ! miracles ( nature & ( art lie op54 ,aft] ! fir/ p]iod ( y\? 0 ov]1 ,leo ,batti/a ,alb]ti devot$ 8 great faculties & all 8 weal? ( g5ius to ! /udy ( ! law--!n1 z n[1 ! quicks& ( ! noble/ natures4 ,! indu/ry ) :i* he appli$ himself to ! civil & ecclesia/ical codes broke 8 heal?4 ,= recreation he compos$ a ,lat9 com$y call$ ',philodoxeos1' :i* impos$ ^u ! judgm5t ( s*ol>s1 & 0 ascrib$ z a g5u9e antique to ,lepidus1 ! comic poet4 ,feel+ /rong]1 ,alb]ti return$ at ! age ( tw5ty to 8 law /udies1 & pursu$ !m 9 ! tee? ( disadvantages4 ,8 heal? 0 /ill unc]ta91 & ! =tune ( an exile r$uc$ him to ! utmo/ want4 ,x 0 no wond] t "u ^! unt[>d circum/ances ev5 8 ,h]culean /r5g? gave way4 ,emaciat$ & exhau/$1 he lo/ ! cle>ness ( 8 eyesight1 & became subject to art]ial di/urbances1 :i* fill$ 8 e>s ) pa9ful s\nds4 ,?is n]v\s illness is n dissimil> to t :i* ,r\sseau describes 9 ! confessions ( 8 y\?4 ,9 va91 h[ev]1 8 physicians w>n$ ,alb]ti ( imp5d+ p]il4 ,a man ( s mu* /an*ness1 accu/om$ to control 8 nature ) an iron w1 is n ready to accept advice4 ,alb]ti p]sev]$ 9 8 /udies1 until at la/ ! v seat ( intellect 0 invad$4 ,8 memory began to fail him = names1 :ile he /ill reta9$ ) wond]ful accuracy :atev] he _h se5 ) 8 eyes4 ,x 0 n[ impossible to ?9k ( law z a pr(ession4 ,yet s9ce he c\ld n live )\t sev]e m5tal ex]cise1 he _h rec\rse to /udies :i* tax ! v]bal memory less ?an ! intuitive faculties ( ! reason4 ,physics & ma!matics became 8 *ief res\rce2 & he devot$ 8 en]gies to lit]ature4 ,8 ',treatise on ! ,family' may be numb]$ among ! be/ ( ^? compositions on social & speculative subjects 9 :i* ! ,italians ( ! ,r5aissance s\ght to rival ,cic]o4 ,8 essays on ! arts are m5tion$ by ,vas>i ) s9c]e approbation4 ,com$ies1 int]ludes1 orations1 dialogues1 & poems fl[$ ) abundance f 8 facile p54 ,"s 7 writt5 9 ,lat91 :i* he comm&$ m ?an fairly2 "s 9 ! ,tuscan tongue1 ( :i* ow+ to ! long exile ( 8 family 9 ,lomb>dy1 he is said to h be5 less a ma/]4 ,x 0 ow+ to ?is y\?ful illness1 f :i* app>5tly 8 con/itution nev] :olly recov]$1 t ,alb]ti's g5ius 0 direct$ to ar*itecture4 ,?r\gh 8 fri5d%ip ) ,flavio ,biondo1 ! fam\s ,roman antiqu>y1 ,alb]ti receiv$ an introduction to ,ni*olas ,v4 at ! "t :5 ?is1 ! fir/ great ,pope ( ! ,r5aissance1 0 engag$ 9 rebuild+ ! palaces & =tifications ( ,rome4 ,ni*olas disc]n$ ! g5ius ( ! man1 & employ$ him z 8 *ief c\nsellor 9 all matt]s ( ar*itecture4 ,:5 ! ,pope di$1 he 0 able1 :ile recit+ 8 long ,lat9 w ^u 8 dea?b$1 to boa/ t he _h re/or$ ! ,holy ,see to its due dignity1 & ! ,et]nal ,city to ! spl5d\r wor?y ( ! seat ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! accompli%m5t ( ! second "p ( 8 "w he ow$ to ! g5ius ( ,alb]ti4 ,aft] do+ ?us mu* = ,rome "u ,?omas ( ,s>zana1 & be=e beg9n+ to beautify ,flor5ce at ! in/ance ( ! ,rucellai family1 ,alb]ti ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,malate/a1 & und]took to remodel ! ,ca!dral ( ,s4 ,francis at ,rim9i4 ,he f\nd x a pla9 ,go?ic /ructure ) apse & side *apels4 ,su* *ur*es are common en\gh 9 ,italy1 :]e po9t$ ar*itecture nev] develop$ its true "* ( complexity & ri*ness1 b 0 doom$ to ! va/ vacuity exemplifi$ 9 ,s4 ,petronio ( ,bologna4 ,he left x a /range m$ley ( m$ival & ,r5aissance "w1 a symbol ( t dissolv+ sc5e 9 ! _w's pantomime1 :5 ! _s ( classic art1 z yet b little compreh5d$1 0 encroa*+ on ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ta/e4 ,p]haps ! mixture ( /yles s />tl+ 9 ,s4 ,francesco ought n to be laid to ! *>ge ( ,alb]ti1 :o _h to execute ! task ( turn+ a ,go?ic into a classic build+4 ,all t he c\ld d 0 to alt] ! :ole ext]ior ( ! *ur*1 by affix+ a scre5-"w ( ,roman ar*es & ,cor9?ian pila/]s1 s z to hide ! old design & yet to leave ! ma9 features ( ! fabric1 ! w9d[s & doors especially1 9 /atu quo4 ,) ! int]ior he dealt ^u ! same g5]al pr9ciple1 by n di/urb+ its /ructure1 :ile he cov]$ e available squ>e in* ( surface ) decorations ali5 to ! ,go?ic mann]4 ,ext]nally1 ,s4 ,francesco is p]haps ! mo/ orig9al & graceful ( ! _m attempts made by ,italian build]s to fuse ! m$ival & ! classic /yles4 ,= ,alb]ti attempt$ no?+ less4 ,a c5tury elaps$ be=e ,palladio1 approa*+ ! problem f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 re/or$ ! antique 9 its purity1 & erect$ 9 ! ,palazzo della ,ragione ( ,vic5za an almo/ unique specim5 ( resuscitat$ ,roman art4 ,int]nally1 ! beauty ( ! *ur* is :olly due to its exquisite wall-ornam5ts4 ,^! consi/ = ! mo/ "p ( l[ reliefs 9 a s(t :ite /one1 _m ( !m ?r[n out ^u a blue gr\nd 9 ! /yle ( ,della ,robbia4 ,allegorical figures design$ ) ! purity ( outl9e we admire 9 ,botticelli1 drap]ies t ,burne-,jones might copy1 troops ( s++ boys 9 ! mann] ( ,donatello1 great angels trac$ ^u ! /one s delicately t !y seem to be r drawn ?an sculptur$1 /atuettes 9 ni*es1 p]sonifications ( all arts & sci5ces alt]nat+ ) half-be/ial %apes ( satyrs & sea-*ildr53--su* are ! =ms :i* fill ! spaces ( ! *apel walls1 & climb ! pila/]s1 & fret ! ar*es1 9 su* abundance t _h ! :ole *ur* be5 f9i%$ z x 0 design$1 x w\ld h pres5t$ "o spl5did ?\gh biz>re effect ( incru/ation4 ,heavy scre5s ( ,v]ona m>ble1 emblazon$ 9 op5 arabesques ) ! ciph]s ( ,sigismondo & ,isotta1 ) coats-(-arms1 emblems1 & m$allion portraits1 %ut ! *apels f ! nave4 ,:o produc$ all ?is sculpture x is difficult to say4 ,"s ( x is v good3 mu* is indiff]5t4 ,we may haz>d ! op9ion t1 besides ,b]n>do ,ciuffagni1 ( :om ,vas>i speaks1 "s pupils ( ,donatello & ,b5$etto da ,majano work$ at x4 ,! influ5ce ( ! sculptors ( ,flor5ce is ev]y:]e p]ceptible4 ,:atev] be ! m]it ( ^! reliefs1 !re is no d\bt t !y fairly repres5t "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ mom5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( mod]n art4 ,go?ic inspiration _h fail$2 ! e>ly ,tuscan /yle ( ! ,pisani _h be5 work$ out2 ,mi*elangelo 0 yet f> di/ant1 & ! abundance ( classic models _h n ov]:elm$ orig9ality4 ,! sculptors ( ! s*ool ( ,ghib]ti & ,donatello1 :o are repres5t$ 9 ?is *ur*1 7 ess5tially pictorial1 pref]r+ l[ to high relief1 & relief 9 g5]al to deta*$ figures4 ,_! /yle1 l ! /yle ( ,boi>do 9 poetry1 ( ,botticelli 9 pa9t+1 is specific to ,italy 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,m$ival /&>ds ( ta/e 7 giv+ way to classical1 ,*ri/ian s5tim5t to ,pagan2 yet ! imitation ( ! antique _h n be5 c>ri$ s f> z to efface ! spontaneity ( ! arti/1 & en\gh rema9$ ( ,*ri/ian feel+ to t+e ! fancy ) a grave & sweet romance4 ,! sculptor _h ! skill & ma/]y to express 8 slighte/ %ade ( ?\ght ) fre$om1 _s1 & precision4 ,yet 8 "w %[$ no sign ( conv5tionality1 no adh]5ce to prescrib$ rules4 ,e outl9e1 e fold ( drap]y1 e attitude 0 pregnant1 to ! arti/'s own m9d at any rate1 ) mean+4 ,9 spite ( its symbolism1 :at he wr\ght 0 nev] me*anically figurative1 b gift$ ) ! indep5d5ce ( its own beauty1 vital ) an inbrea!d _s ( life4 ,x 0 a happy mom5t1 :5 art _h rea*$ consci\sness1 & ! arti/ _h n yet become self-consci\s4 ,! h& & ! bra9 !n really work$ toge!r = ! procreation ( new =ms ( grace1 n = ! repetition ( old models1 or = ! inv5tion ( ! /range & />tl+4 ',delicate1 sweet1 & captivat+1' are good adjectives to express ! effect produc$ ^u ! m9d by ! contemplation ev5 ( ! av]age "w ( ?is p]iod4 ,to /udy ! fl[+ l9es ( ! great angels trac$ ^u ! walls ( ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,sigismund 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,rim9i1 to foll[ ! undulations ( _! drap]y t seems to float1 to feel ! dignifi$ urbanity ( all _! ge/ures1 is l li/5+ to "o ( ^? cle> e>ly ,italian compositions = ! voice1 :i* surpasses 9 suavity ( tone & grace ( movem5t all t ,music 9 h] full-gr[n vig\r has produc$4 ,!re is inde$ some?+ inf9itely *>m+ 9 ! crepuscul> mom5ts ( ! human m9d4 ,:e!r x be ! ra! lovel9ess ( an art /ill immature1 or ! beauty ( art ^u ! wane--:e!r1 9 fact1 ! twilight be ( morn+ or ( ev5+1 we f9d 9 ! ma/]pieces ( su* p]iods a placid calm & *a/5$ pa?os1 z ( a _s self-)drawn f vulg> c>es1 :i* 9 ! full light ( m]idian spl5d\r is lack+4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco at ,rim9i ! temp]$ cle>ness ( ! dawn is j ab\t to broad5 into day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,may ,,9 ,,umbria ,,f ,,rome ,,to ,,t]ni ,we left ,rome 9 cle> sunset light4 ,! ,alban ,hills def9$ !mselves l a cameo ( ame?y/ ^u a pale blue di/ance2 & ov] ! ,sab9e ,m\nta9s so>$ immeasurable m\ld$ domes ( alaba/] ?und]cl\ds1 ca/+ deep %ad[s1 purple & violet1 across ! slopes ( ,tivoli4 ,to we/w>d ! :ole sky 0 lucid1 l "s half-transp>5t topaz1 flood$ ) sl[ly yell[+ sunbeams4 ,! ,campagna has (t5 be5 call$ a g>d5 ( wild-fl[]s4 ,j n[ poppy & a/]1 gladiolus & ?i/le1 embroid] x ) patt]ns inf9ite & intricate beyond ! p[] ( art4 ,!y h already m[n ! hay 9 "p2 & ! bill[y tracts ( greyi% gre51 :]e no fl[]s are n[ 9 bloom1 supply a re/ful gr\ndwork to ^? brilliant pat*es ( diap]$ fioriture4 ,^! are l pray+-c>pets spread = devotees ^u ! pavem5t ( a mosque ^: ro( is heav54 ,9 ! level light ! scy!s ( ! m[]s fla% z we move pa/4 ,f _! bronz$ =eheads ! m5 toss masses ( d>k curls4 ,_! muscul> flanks & %\ld]s sway sideways f firm yet pliant re9s4 ,on "o hill1 front+ ! sunset1 !re /&s a h]d ( "s ?irty huge grey ox51 fe$+ & rais+ _! heads to look at u1 ) j a flu% ( crimson on _! horns & dewlaps4 ,?is is ! scale ( ,mason's & ( ,co/a's col\r+4 ,?is is ! bread? & magnitude ( ,rome4 ,?us1 ?r\gh dells ( ilex & oak1 yield+ n[ a glimpse ( ,tib] & ,s4 ,pet]'s1 n[ op5+ on a purple section ( ! di/ant ,sab9e ,hills1 we came to ,monte ,rotondo4 ,! sun sank2 & f ! flames :]e he _h p]i%$1 ,hesp] & ! ?9 moon1 v :ite & ke51 grew sl[ly into sight4 ,n[ we foll[ ! ,tib]1 a swoll51 hurry+1 turbid riv]1 9 :i* ! mell[+ ,we/]n sky reflects itself4 ,?is *angeful mirror ( swift wat]s spreads a dazzl+ =egr\nd to valley1 hill1 & lu/r\s heav54 ,!re is orange on ! f> horizon1 & a gre5 ocean above1 9 :i* sea-mon/]s fa%ion$ f ! cl\ds are float+4 ,yond] swims an elf ) lum9\s hair a/ride ^u a sea-horse1 & foll[$ by a dolph9 plung+ ?r\gh ! fi]y waves4 ,! orange deep5s into dy+ r$4 ,! gre5 divides into daffodil & b]yl4 ,! blue above gr[s fa9t]1 & ! moon & />s %9e /rong]4 ,?r\gh ^! cele/ial *anges we glide into a l&scape fit = ,francia & ! e>ly ,umbrian pa9t]s4 ,l[ hills to "r & left2 suavely modell$ heights 9 ! f> di/ance2 a v quiet wid? ( pla91 ) sl5d] trees asc5d+ into ! pellucid air2 & d[n 9 ! my/]y ( ! middle di/ance a glimpse ( heav5-reflect+ wat]4 ,! magic ( ! moon & />s l5ds en*antm5t to ?is sc5e4 ,no pa9t+ c\ld convey _! influ5ces4 ,sometimes bo? lum9>ies tremble1 all disp]s$ & brok51 on ! swirl+ riv]4 ,sometimes !y sleep above ! calm cool rea*es ( a ru%-gr[n m]e4 ,& "h & !re a ru9$ turret1 ) a brok5 w9d[ & a tuft ( %rubs ^u ! rift$ battlem5t1 gives value to ! fad+ pallor ( ! ,we/4 ,! la/ phase 9 ! sunset is a *ange to blue-grey mono*rome1 fa9tly silv]$ ) />light2 hills1 ,tib]1 fields & woods1 all float+ 9 arial twilight4 ,!re is no def9ition ( outl9e n[4 ,! daffodil ( ! horizon has fad$ into sc>cely p]ceptible pale gre5i% yell[4 ,we h pass$ ,/imigliano4 ,?r\gh ! my/]y ( d>kness we hurry pa/ ! bridges ( ,augu/us & ! lights ( ,n>ni4 ,,! ,,cascades ,,( ,,t]ni ,! ,vel9o is a riv] ( consid]able volume :i* rises 9 ! highe/ region ( ! ,abruzzi1 ?reads ! upl& valley ( ,rieti1 & precipitates itself by an artificial *annel ov] cliffs ab\t sev5 hundr$ feet 9 height into ! ,n]a4 ,! wat] is d5sely *>g$ ) p>ticles ( lime4 ,?is calc>e\s matt] n only t5ds cont9ually to *oke its b$1 b clo!s ! precipices ov] :i* ! torr5t ?und]s ) fanta/ic drap]y ( /alactite2 &1 c>ri$ on ! w9d 9 foam1 incru/s ! =e/s t surr\nd ! falls ) f9e :ite du/4 ,^! fam\s cascades are und\bt$ly ! mo/ sublime & beautiful :i* ,europe boa/s2 & _! situation is wor?y ( s great a natural wond]4 ,we rea* !m ?r\gh a noble mid-,italian l&scape1 :]e ! m\nta9 =ms are au/]e & boldly modell$1 b ! vegetation1 bo? wild & cultivat$1 has some?+ ( ! ,s\?-,italian ri*ness4 ,! hillsides are a labyr9? ( box & arbutus1 ) coronilla 9 gold5 bloom4 ,! turf is />r$ ) cyclam5s & or*ises4 ,climb+ ! /aircase pa?s beside ! falls 9 morn+ sunlight1 or /ation$ on ! po9ts ( vantage t comm& _! successive cat>acts1 we enjoy$ a spectacle :i* might be comp>$ 9 its effect ^u ! m9d to ! impression left by a symphony or a tumultu\s lyric4 ,! turbul5ce & spl5d\r1 ! swiftness & resonance1 ! veil+ ( ! sc5e 9 smoke ( %att]$ wat]-masses1 ! )drawal ( ^! veils accord+ z ! volume ( ! riv] slightly %ift$ 9 its fall1 ! ra9b[s %imm]+ on ! silv] spray1 ! %iv]+ ( popl>s hung above imp5d5t precipices1 ! /ation>y gr&eur ( ! m\nta9s keep+ wat* ar\nd1 ! hurry & ! incoh]5ce ( ! cat>acts1 ! immobility ( =ce & *angeful *angelessness 9 nature1 7 all = me ! elem5ts ( "o /up5d\s poem4 ,x 0 l an ode ( ,%elley translat$ into symbolism1 m vivid ?r\gh in>ticulate appeal to primitive emotion ?an any words c\ld be4 ,,montefalco ,! ri* l& ( ! ,clitumnus is divid$ into mead[s by transp>5t wat]c\rses1 glid+ ) a glassy curr5t ov] sway+ re$s4 ,?r\gh ?is we pass1 & leave ,bevagna to ! "r1 & asc5d "o ( ^? long gradual roads :i* climb ! hills :]e all ! cities ( ! ,umbrians p]*4 ,! view exp&s1 reveal+ ,spello1 ,assisi1 ,p]ugia on its m\nta9 buttress1 & ! f> rea*es nor?w>d ( ! ,tib] valley4 ,!n ,trevi & ,spoleto came into sight1 & ! sev]e hill-c\ntry above ,gubbio 9 "p disclos$ itself4 ,ov] ,spoleto ! fi]ce wit*-haunt$ heights ( ,norcia rose =bidd+4 ,?is is ! k9d ( panorama t dilates ! s\l4 ,x is s l>ge1 s dignifi$1 s beautiful 9 tranquil =m4 ,! opul5t abundance ( ! pla9 contra/s ) ! sev]ity ( m\nta9 ranges desolately gr&2 & ! "n ( ea* ( all ^? cities ?rills ! he>t ) memories4 ,! ma9 object ( a visit to ,montefalco is to inspect its _m excell5t frescoes2 pa9t$ hi/ories ( ,s4 ,francis & ,s4 ,j]ome1 by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli2 sa9ts1 angels1 & ,scripture episodes by ! g5tle ,tib]io d',assisi4 ,full ju/ice _h be5 done to ^!1 :5 a little boy1 see+ u l+]+ outside ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,*i>a1 ask$ :e!r we %\ld n l to view ! body ( ! sa9t4 ,?is privilege c\ld be pur*as$ at ! price ( a small fee4 ,x 0 only necess>y to call ! gu>dian ( h] %r9e at ! high alt>4 ,indol5t1 & 9 compliant mood1 ) languid curiosity & half an h\r to sp>e1 we ass5t$4 ,a h&some "y man appe>$1 :o conduct$ u ) dec5t gravity into a little d>k5$ *amb] beh9d ! alt>4 ,!re he light$ wax tap]s1 op5$ slid+ doors 9 :at look$ l a long c(f91 & drew curta9s4 ,be=e u 9 ! dim light !re lay a woman cov]$ ) a black nun's dress4 ,only h] h&s1 & ! exquisitely beautiful pale cont\r ( h] face 7=ehead1 nose1 m\?1 & *91 modell$ 9 pure/ outl9e1 z ?\gh ! injury ( dea? _h nev] t\*$ h]7 7 visible4 ,h] clos$ eyes seem$ to sleep4 ,%e _h ! p]fect peace ( ,lu9i's ,s4 ,ca!r9e borne by ! angels to h] grave on ,s9ai4 ,i h r>ely se5 any?+ :i* surpris$ & t\*$ me m4 ,! religi\s e>ne/ness ( ! "y cu/ode1 ! hu%$ adoration ( ! c\ntry-folk :o _h sil5tly assembl$ r\nd u1 int5sifi$ ! sympa?y-inspir+ beauty ( ! slumb]+ girl4 ,c\ld ,julia1 daught] ( ,claudius1 h be5 fair] ?an ?is maid51 :5 ! ,lomb>d workm5 f\nd h] 9 h] ,lat9 tomb1 & br\ght h] to be wor%ipp$ on ! ,capitol8 ,s4 ,*i>a's %r9e 0 hung r\nd ) h] relics2 & among ^! ! he>t extract$ f h] body 0 susp5d$4 ,^u x1 app>5tly wr\ght into ! v sub/ance ( ! mummi$ fle%1 7 impress$ a figure ( ! crucifi$ ,*ri/1 ! sc\rge1 & ! five /igmata4 ,! gu>dian's fai? 9 ?is miracul\s witness to h] sa9?ood1 ! g5tle piety ( ! m5 & wom5 :o knelt be=e x1 *eck$ all expressions ( incr$ulity4 ,we ab&on$ ourselves to ! g5ius ( ! place2 =got ev5 to ask :at ,santa ,*i>a 0 sleep+ "h2 & )drew1 ton$ to a n unpleas+ melan*oly4 ,! _w-fam\s ,s4 ,clair1 ! spiritual si/] ( ,s4 ,francis1 lies 9 ,assisi4 ,i h (t5 ask$ myself1 ,:o1 !n1 0 ?is nun8 ,:at hi/ory _h %e8 ,& ,i ?9k n[ ( ?is girl z ( a damsel ( romance1 a ,sleep+ ,beauty 9 ! wood ( "t1 seclud$ f intrusive elem5ts ( fact1 & fold$ 9 ! love & fai? ( h] own simple wor%ipp]s4 ,among ! holl[s ( ,arcadia1 h[ _m ru/ic %r9es 9 anci5t days held sa9ts ( ,hellas1 apocryphal1 p]haps1 l ?is1 b hall[$ by tradition & endur+ homage6#f ,,foligno ,9 ! l&scape ( ,raphael's votive picture1 kn[n z ! ,madonna di ,foligno1 !re is a t[n ) a few t[]s1 plac$ ^u a broad pla9 at ! edge ( "s blue hills4 ,all[+ = t lic5se z to details :i* imag9ative ma/]s p]mitt$ !mselves 9 matt]s ( subord9ate importance1 ,raphael's sket* is /ill true to ,foligno4 ,! place has n mat]ially *ang$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,inde$1 relatively to ! /ate ( ,italy at l>ge1 x is /ill ! same z 9 ! days ( anci5t ,rome4 ,foligno =ms a /ation ( comm&+ int]e/ betwe5 ,rome & ! ,adriatic ^u ! great ,flam9ian ,way4 ,at ,foligno ! passes ( ! ,ap5n9es deb\* into ! ,umbrian pla91 :i* slopes gradually t[>d ! valley ( ! ,tib]1 & f x ! valley ( ! ,n]a is rea*$ by an easy asc5t b5ea? ! walls ( ,spoleto4 ,an army advanc+ f ! nor? by ! ,metaurus & ! ,furlo ,pass mu/ f9d itself at ,foligno2 & ! level *ampaign r\nd ! city is well adapt$ to ! ma9t5ance & ex]cises ( a g>rison4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,republic & ! ,empire1 ! value ( ?is position 0 well und]/ood2 b ,foligno's importance1 z ! key to ! ,flam9ian ,way1 0 eclips$ by two fl\ri%+ cities 9 its imm$iate vic9ity1 ,hispellum & ,mevania1 ! mod]n ,spello & ,bevagna4 ,we might haz>d a conjecture t ! ,lomb>ds1 :5 !y rul$ ! ,du*y ( ,spoleto1 foll[+ _! usual policy ( oppos+ new milit>y c5tres to ! anci5t ,roman municipia1 enc\rag$ ,fulg9ium at ! exp5se ( h] two neighb\rs4 ,b ( ?is !re is no c]ta9ty to build ^u4 ,all t c be affirm$ ) accuracy is t 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 :ile ,spello & ,bevagna decl9$ into ! inf]iority ( dep5d5t burghs1 ,foligno grew 9 p[] & became ! *ief commune ( ?is "p ( ,umbria4 ,x 0 fam\s dur+ ! la/ c5turies ( /ruggle betwe5 ! ,italian burgh]s & _! native despots1 = peculi> f]ocity 9 civil /rife4 ,"s ( ! bloodie/ pages 9 m$ival ,italian hi/ory are ^? :i* relate ! vicissitudes ( ! ,tr9ci family1 ! exhau/ion ( ,foligno by int]nal discord1 & its f9al submission to ! ,papal p[]4 ,s9ce railways h be5 c>ri$ f ,rome ?r\gh ,n>ni & ,spoleto to ,ancona & ,p]ugia1 ,foligno has ga9$ consid]ably 9 comm]cial & milit>y /atus4 ,x is ! po9t ( int]section = ?ree l9es2 ! ,italian gov]nm5t has made x a great cavalry dept1 & !re are signs ( reviv+ traffic 9 its decay$ /reets4 ,:e!r ! pres5ce ( a l>ge g>rison has already modifi$ ! population1 or :e!r we may ascribe some?+ to ! abs5ce ( ,roman municipal in/itutions 9 ! f> pa/1 & to ! savag]y ( ! m$ival p]iod1 x is difficult to say4 ,yet ! impression left by ,foligno ^u ! m9d is diff]5t f t ( ,assisi1 ,spello1 & ,montefalco1 :i* are di/+ui%$ = a c]ta9 grace & g5tl5ess 9 _! inhabitants4 ,my w9d[ 9 ! city wall looks s\?w>d across ! pla9 to ,spoleto1 ) ,montefalco p]*$ al(t ^u ! "r1 & ,trevi on its m\nta9-bracket to ! left4 ,f ! topmo/ peaks ( ! ,sab9e ,ap5n9es1 gradual t5d] slop+ l9es desc5d to f9d _! quiet 9 ! valley ( ,clitumnus4 ,! space betwe5 me & t di/ance is inf9itely ri* ) e sort ( gre5]y1 dott$ "h & !re ) t[]s & relics ( b>onial h\ses4 ,! little t[n is 9 commotion2 = ! work+ m5 ( ,foligno & its neighb\rhood h resolv$ to sp5d _! e>n+s on a spl5did fe/a--horse-races1 & two nights ( fireworks4 ,! acacias & paul[nias on ! ramp>ts are 9 full bloom ( creamy :ite & lilac4 ,9 ! gl>e ( ,b5gal lights ^! trees1 ) all _! p5dul\s blossoms1 surpass$ ! mo/ fanta/ic ( artificial decorations4 ,! rockets s5t al(t into ! sky amid t solemn ,umbrian l&scape 7 n[ise out ( h>mony ) nature4 ,i nev] sympa?is$ ) critics :o res5t ! intrusion ( fireworks ^u sc5es ( natural beauty4 ,! ,giessba*1 light$ up at s mu* p] head on /at$ ev5+s1 ) a b& play+ & a cr[d ( cockneys />+1 pres5ts p]haps an incongru\s spectacle4 ,b :]e1 z "h at ,foligno1 a :ole city has made itself a fe/ival1 :]e !re are multitudes ( citiz5s & soldi]s & c\ntry-p sl[ly mov+ & gravely admir+1 ) ! dec5cy & ord] *>act]i/ic ( an ,italian cr[d1 ,i h no?+ b a s5se ( satisfaction4 ,x is sometimes ! travell]'s good =tune 9 "s remote place to meet ) an inhabitant :o inc>nates & int]prets = him ! g5ius loci z he has conceiv$ x4 ,?\gh 8 own subjectivity w assur$ly play a consid]able "p 9 su* an enc\nt]1 transf]r+ to 8 *ance acqua9tance qualities he may n possess1 & connect+ ?is p]sonality 9 "s purely imag9ative mann] ) ?\ghts d]iv$ f /udy1 or impressions made by nature2 yet ! /rang] w h5ce=? become ! meet+-po9t ( _m memories1 ! c5tral figure 9 a composition :i* d]ives f him its vividness4 ,unconsci\sly & innoc5tly he has l5t himself to ! creation ( a picture1 & r\nd him1 z ar\nd ! h]o ( a my?1 h ga!r$ ?\ghts & s5tim5ts ( :i* he _h himself no k4 ,on "o ( ^! nights ,i _h be5 ?read+ ! aisles ( acacia-trees1 n[ gl>+ r$1 n[ azure1 z ! ,b5gal lights kept *ang+4 ,my m9d in/9ctively w5t back to sc5es ( trea*]y & blood%$ 9 ! old5 "t1 :5 ,gorrado ,tr9ci p>ad$ ! mangl$ remnants ( ?ree hundr$ ( 8 victims1 heap$ on mule-back1 ?r\gh ,foligno1 = a w>n+ to ! citiz5s4 ,z ! procession mov$ along ! ramp>ts1 ,i f\nd myself 9 conte/ ) a "y man1 :o readily fell into conv]sation4 ,he 0 v tall1 ) enorm\s bread? ( %\ld]s1 & long s9ewy arms1 l ,mi*elangelo's fav\rite models4 ,8 head 0 small1 curl$ ov] ) crisp black hair4 ,l[ =ehead1 & ?ick level eyebr[s absolutely meet+ ov] int5sely bright fi]ce eyes4 ,! nose desc5d+ /raight f ! br[s1 z 9 a /atue ( ,hadrian's age4 ,! m\? full-lipp$1 petulant1 & passionate above a firm r\nd *94 ,he 0 dress$ 9 ! %irt1 :ite tr\s]s1 & loose :ite jacket ( a contad9o2 b he did n move ) a peasant's sl\*1 r ) ! ela/icity & al]tness ( an untam$ pan!r4 ,he told me t he 0 j ab\t to jo9 a cavalry regim5t2 & ,i c\ld well imag9e1 :5 milit>y dignity 0 add$ to t gait1 h[ gr&ly he w\ld g4 ,?is "y man1 ( :om ,i he>d no?+ m aft] our half-h\r's conv]sation among ! crackl+ fireworks & ro>+ cannon1 left ^u my m9d an indescribable impression ( dang]\sness--( 'some?+ fi]ce & t]rible1 eligible to bur/ =?4' ,( m5 l ?is1 !n1 7 =m$ ! ,companies ( ,adv5ture :o flood$ ,italy ) villany1 ambition1 & lawlessness 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,gattamelata1 :o began life z a bak]'s boy at ,n>ni & end$ x ) a bronze /atue by ,donatello on ! public squ>e 9 ,padua1 0 ( ?is bre$4 ,l ?is 7 ! ,tr9ci & _! b&s ( murd]]s4 ,l ?is 7 ! bravi :o hunt$ ,lor5zaccio to dea? at ,v5ice4 ,l ?is 0 ,pietro ,paolo ,baglioni1 ^: fault1 9 ! eyes ( ,ma*iavelli1 0 t he c\ld n succe$ 9 be+ 'p]fettam5te tri/o4' ,beautiful1 b inhuman2 passionate1 b cold2 p[]ful1 b r5d]$ impot5t = firm & l(ty de$s by immorality & treason2 h[ _m c5turies ( m5 l ?is once wa/$ ,italy & plung$ h] into s]vitude6 ,yet :at mat]ial is "h1 "u /]n] discipl9e1 & ) a nobl] national ideal1 = ! =mation ( h]oic armies4 ,( su* /uff1 d\btless1 7 ! ,roman legion>ies4 ,:5 w ! ,italians le>n to use ^! m5 z ,fabius or z ,cs>1 n z ! ,vitelli & ! ,tr9ci us$ !m8 ,9 su* m$itations1 deeply /irr$ by ! meet+ ( my own reflections ) "o :o seem$ to repres5t = me 9 life & blood ! _s ( ! place :i* _h provok$ !m1 ,i said f>ewell to ,cavallucci1 & return$ to my b$room on ! city wall4 ,! la/ rockets _h :izz$ & ! la/ cannons _h ?und]$ ere ,i fell asleep4 ,,spello ,spello conta9s "s n inconsid]able antiquities--! rema9s ( a ,roman !atre1 a ,roman gate ) ! heads ( two m5 & a woman lean+ ov] x1 & "s fragm5ts ( ,roman sculpture scatt]$ ?r\gh its build+s4 ,! *ur*es1 especially ^? ( ,s4,m4 ,maggiore & ,s4 ,francesco1 are wor? a visit = ! sake ( ,p9turic*io4 ,n[h]e1 except 9 ! ,piccolom9i ,libr>y at ,si5a1 c t ma/]'s "w 9 fresco be bett] /udi$ ?an "h4 ,! satisfaction ) :i* he execut$ ! wall pa9t+s 9 ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore is te/ifi$ by 8 own portrait introduc$ ^u a panel 9 ! decoration ( ! ,virg9's *amb]4 ,! scrupul\sly r5d]$ details ( books1 *airs1 w9d[ seats1 c41 :i* he "h has copi$1 rem9d "o ( ,c>paccio's /udy ( ,s4 ,b5$ict at ,v5ice4 ,x is all sweet1 t5d]1 delicate1 & c>efully f9i%$2 b )\t dep?1 n ev5 ! dep? ( ,p]ug9o's feel+4 ,9 ,s4 ,francesco1 ,p9turic*io1 ) ! same meticul\s ref9em5t1 pa9t$ a lett] address$ to him by ,g5tile ,baglioni4 ,x lies on a /ool be=e ,madonna & h] c\rt ( sa9ts4 ,nicety ( execution1 te*nical ma/]y ( fresco z a m$ium = ,dut* detail-pa9t+1 prett9ess ( composition1 & *e]fulness ( col\r+1 are noticeable ?r\gh\t 8 "w "h r ?an ei!r ?\ght or s5tim5t4 ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore c boa/ a fresco ( ,madonna betwe5 a "y episcopal sa9t & ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria f ! h& ( ,p]ug9o4 ,! ri* yell[ h>mony ( its tones1 & ! graceful dignity ( its emotion1 convey$ no less by a c]ta9 ,raphaelesque pose & outl9e ?an by suavity ( facial expression1 enable u to measure ! di/ance betwe5 ?is pa9t] & 8 quasi-pupil ,p9turic*io4 ,we did n1 h[ev]1 drive to ,spello to inspect ei!r ,roman antiquities or frescoes1 b to see an inscription on ! city walls ab\t ,orl&o4 ,x is a rude ,lat9 elegiac c\plet1 say+ t1 'f ! sign bel[1 m5 may conjecture ! mighty memb]s ( ,rol&1 nephew ( ,*>les2 8 de$s are writt5 9 hi/ory4' ,?ree agreeable old g5tlem5 ( ,spello1 :o att5d$ u ) mu* polit5ess1 & 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 my rese>*es1 po9t$ out a m>k wai/-high ^u ! wall1 :]e ,orl&o's knee is report$ to h rea*$4 ,b ,i c\ld n le>n any?+ ab\t a phallic monoli?1 :i* is said by ,gu]9 or ,panizzi to h be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,rol& my? at ,spello4 ,su* a column ei!r nev] exi/$ "h1 or _h be5 remov$ be=e ! memory ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,,ea/] ,,morn+ ,,at ,,assisi ,we are 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco4 ,high mass is be+ sung1 ) or*e/ra & organ & a *oir ( _m voices4 ,c&les are light$ on ! alt>1 ov]-canopi$ ) ,giotto's allegories4 ,f ! l[ s\!rn w9d[s slants ! sun1 9 n>r[ b&s1 ^u ! _m-col\r$ gloom & embr[n$ glory ( ^! pa9t$ aisles4 ,wom5 9 bright k]*iefs kneel ^u ! /ones1 & %aggy m5 f ! m\nta9s /& or lean aga9/ ! wood5 b5*es4 ,!re is no mov+ f po9t to po9t4 ,:]e we h tak5 our /ation1 at ! nor?-we/]n angle ( ! transept1 !re we /ay till mass be ov]4 ,! :ole l[-vault$ build+ gl[s duskily2 ! fresco$ ro(1 ! /a9$ w9d[s1 ! figure-cr[d$ pavem5ts bl5d+ _! ri* b subdu$ col\rs1 l hues ^u "s m>vell\s mo?'s w+s1 or l a deep-ton$ ra9b[ mi/ disc]n$ 9 twilight dreams1 or l su* tape/ry z ,ea/]n que5s1 9 anci5t days1 wr\ght = ! pavilion ( an empress4 ,=? f ?is maze ( m+l+ t9ts1 indef9ite 9 %ade & sunbeams1 lean e>ne/1 sa9tly faces--ineffably pure--ador+1 pity+1 plead+2 rais+ _! eyes 9 ec/asy to heav51 or turn+ !m 9 ru? t[>d e>?4 ,m5 & wom5 ( :om ! _w 0 n wor?y--at ! h&s ( ^? old pa9t]s !y h receiv$ ! div9e grace1 ! dovelike simplicity1 :]e( ,italians 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury possess$ ! irrecov]able secret4 ,ea* face is a poem2 ! c\nt]p>t 9 pa9t+ to a *apt] f ! ,fioretti di ,san ,francesco4 ,ov] ! :ole sc5e--9 ! ar*itecture1 9 ! frescoes1 9 ! col\r$ w9d[s1 9 ! gloom1 on ! p1 9 ! inc5se1 f ! *im+ bells1 ?r\gh ! music--broods "o _s3 ! _s ( him :o 0 '! co-esp\s$1 co-trans=ate ) ,*ri/2' ! ard5t1 ! radiant1 ! beautiful 9 s\l2 ! suff]+1 ! /rong1 ! simple1 ! victori\s ov] self & s92 ! cele/ial :o trampl$ ^u e>? & rose on w+s ( ec/asy to heav52 ! ,*ri/-inebriat$ sa9t ( visions sup]s5sual & life beyond ! grave4 ,f> d[n bel[ ! feet ( ^? :o wor%ip ,god ?r\gh him1 ,s4 ,francis sleeps2 b 8 s\l1 ! incorruptible "p ( him1 ! message he gave ! _w1 is 9 ! spaces r\nd u4 ,?is is 8 temple4 ,he fills x l an unse5 god4 ,n z ,phoebus or ,a!ne1 f _! m>ble p$e/als2 b z an abid+ _s1 felt ev]y:]e1 n[h]e seiz$1 absorb+ 9 itself all my/]ies1 all my?s1 all burn+ exaltations1 all abasem5ts1 all love1 self-sacrifice1 pa91 ye>n+1 :i* ! ?\ght ( ,*ri/1 sweep+ ! c5turies1 ha? wr\ght = m54 ,let1 !re=e1 *oir & congregation raise _! voices on ! tide ( pray]s & praises2 = ?is is ,ea/] morn+--,*ri/ is ris56 ,our si/]1 ,dea? ( ! ,body1 = :om ,s4 ,francis ?ank$ ,god 9 8 hymn1 is reconcil$ to u ?is day1 & takes u by ! h&1 & leads u to ! gate :5ce floods ( heav5ly glory issue f ! faces ( a multitude ( sa9ts4 ,pray1 ye poor p2 *ant & pray4 ,if all be b a dream1 to wake f ?is 7 loss = y inde$6 ,,p]usia ,,augu/a ,! piazza 9 front ( ! ,prefettura is my fav\rite resort on ^! nights ( full moon4 ,! ev5+ twilight is made up p>tly ( sunset fad+ ov] ,?rasym5e & ,tuscany2 p>tly ( moonrise f ! m\nta9s ( ,gubbio & ! passes t[>d ,ancona4 ,! hills are capp$ ) sn[1 al?\gh ! season is s =w>d4 ,bel[ our p>apets ! bulk ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 ) its gaunt p]=at$ t[]1 & ! f9] gr\p ( ,s4 ,pietro1 flaunt+ ! arr[y ',p5nac*io di ,p]ugia1' jut out ^u ! sp9e ( hill :i* dom9ates ! valley ( ! ,tib]4 ,z ! night gloom deep5s1 & ! moon asc5ds ! sky1 ^! build+s seem to =m ! sombre =egr\nd to "s ,fr5* et*+4 ,beyond !m spreads ! mi/y moon-irradiat$ pla9 ( ,umbria4 ,ov] all rise %ad[y ,ap5n9es1 ) dim sugge/ions ( ,assisi1 ,spello1 ,foligno1 ,montefalco1 & ,spoleto on _! basem5ts4 ,little ?9 :iffs ( breezes1 v slight & se>*+1 flit across1 & %iv] z !y pass f ,ap5n9e to pla94 ,! sl[ly mov+ population--wom5 9 veils1 m5 w9t]-mantl$--pass to & fro betwe5 ! build+s & ! grey imm5sity ( sky4 ,bells r+4 ,! bugles ( ! soldi]s bl[ retreat 9 conv5ts turn$ to b>racks4 ,"y m5 roam ! /reets b5ea?1 s++ ,may songs4 ,f>1 f> away ^u ! pla91 r$ ?r\gh ! vitre\s moonlight r+$ ) ?und]y gauze1 fires ( unnam$ ca/elli sm\ld]4 ,z we lean f l$ges eighty feet 9 height1 gas vies ) moon 9 *equ]+ illum9ations on ! anci5t walls2 ,etruscan m\ld+s1 ,roman lett]s1 high-pil$ hovels1 suburban _w-old dwell+s pla/]$ l m>t9s' ne/s aga9/ ! masonry4 ,sunlight adds m ( detail to ?is sc5e4 ,to ! "r ( ,subasio1 :]e ! passes g f ,foligno t[>ds ,urb9o & ,ancona1 heavy masses ( ?und]cl\d hang e day2 b ! pla9 & hill-buttresses are cle> 9 transp>5t blu5ess4 ,fir/ comes ,assisi1 ) ,s4,m4 degli ,angeli bel[2 !n ,spello2 !n ,foligno2 !n ,trevi2 &1 f> away1 ,spoleto2 )1 re>$ aga9/ ^? mi/y battlem5ts1 ! village height ( ,montefalco--! 'r+hi]a dell' ,umbria1' z !y call x 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,by daylight1 ! sn[ on yond] peaks is cle>ly visible1 :]e ! ,monti della ,sibilla t[] up above ! s\rces ( ! ,n]a & ,vel9o f frigid wa/es ( ,norcia4 ,! l[] ranges seem z ?\gh pa9t$1 9 films ( airie/ & pale/ azure1 ^u *9a2 & !n comes ! broad gre5 *ampaign1 fleck$ ) villages & f>ms4 ,j at ! basem5t ( ,p]ugia w9ds ,tib]1 ?r\gh sall[s & grey popl>-trees1 spann$ by anci5t ar*es ( r$ brick1 & gu>d$ "h & !re by ca/ellat$ t[]s4 ,! mills b5ea? _! dams & weirs are j z ,raphael drew !m2 & ! feel+ ( air & space rem9ds "o1 on ea* coign ( vantage1 ( "s ,umbrian picture4 ,e h$g][ is ho>y ) ,may-bloom & honeysuckle4 ,! oaks hang out _! gold5-du/$ tassels4 ,wayside %r9es are deck$ ) laburnum b\ghs & iris blossoms pluck$ f ! copse-woods1 :]e spires ( purple & p9k or*is v>iegate ! ?91 f9e grass4 ,! l& waves f> & wide ) "y corn1 em]ald gre5 b5ea? ! olive-trees1 :i* take ^u _! "u-foliage t9ts reflect$ f ?is v]dure or r$ tones f ! nak$ e>?4 ,a f9e race ( contad9i1 ) l>ge1 h]oically graceful =ms1 & beautiful d>k eyes & noble faces1 move ab\t ?is g>d51 int5t on anci5t1 easy tillage ( ! k9d ,saturnian soil4 ,,la ,,magione ,on ! road f ,p]ugia to ,cortona1 ! fir/ /age ends at ,la ,magione1 a high hill-village comm&+ ! passage f ! ,umbrian *ampaign to ! lake ( ,?rasym5e4 ,x has a grim squ>e =talice above x1 n[ 9 ru9s1 & a /ately ca/le to ! s\?-ea/1 built ab\t ! "t ( ,braccio4 ,"h took place t fam\s diet ( ,ces>e ,borgia's enemies1 :5 ! son ( ,alex&] ,,vi4 0 ?reat5+ ,bologna ) 8 arms1 & bidd+ fair to make himself supreme tyrant ( ,italy 9 #aejb4 ,x 0 ! policy ( ,ces>e to =tify himself by r$uc+ ! fiefs ( ! ,*ur* to submission1 & by root+ out ! dyna/ies :i* _h acquir$ a sort ( tyranny 9 ,papal cities4 ,! ,v>ani ( ,cam]9o & ! ,manfr$i ( ,fa5za _h be5 already extirpat$4 ,!re 0 only too good reason to believe t ! turn ( ! ,vitelli at ,citt di ,ca/ello1 ( ! ,baglioni at ,p]ugia1 & ( ! ,b5tivogli at ,bologna w\ld come next4 ,p&olfo ,petrucci at ,si5a1 surr\nd$ on all sides by ,ces>e's conque/s1 & specially m5ac$ by ! =tification ( ,piomb9o1 felt himself 9 dang]4 ,! great h\se ( ! ,ors9i1 :o sway$ a l>ge "p ( ! ,patrimony ( ,s4 ,pet]'s1 & 7 closely alli$ to ! ,vitelli1 _h ev5 grav] cause = anxiety4 ,b su* 0 ! sy/em ( ,italian w>f>e1 t ne>ly all ^! noble families liv$ by ! pr(ession ( arms1 & mo/ ( !m 7 9 ! pay ( ,ces>e4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! conspirators met at ,la ,magione1 !y 7 plott+ aga9/ a man ^: money !y _h tak51 & :om !y _h hi!rto aid$ 9 8 c>e] ( fraud & spoliation4 ,! diet consi/$ ( ! ,c>d9al ,ors9i1 an av[$ antagoni/ ( ,alex&] ,,vi42 8 bro!r ,paolo1 ! *iefta9 ( ! clan2 ,vitellozzo ,vitelli1 "l ( ,citt di ,ca/ello2 ,gian-,paolo ,baglioni1 made undisput$ ma/] ( ,p]ugia by ! rec5t failure ( 8 c\s9 ,grifonetto's treason2 ,oliv]otto1 :o _h j acquir$ ! ,m>* ( ,f]mo by ! murd] ( 8 uncle ,giovanni da ,fogliani2 ,ermes ,b5tivoglio1 ! heir ( ,bologna2 & ,antonio da ,v5afro1 ! secret>y ( ,p&olfo ,petrueci4 ,^! m5 v[$ ho/ility on ! basis ( common injuries & common fe> aga9/ ! ,borgia4 ,b !y 7 = ! mo/ "p /a9$ !mselves ) crime1 & d>$ n tru/ ea* o!r1 & c\ld n ga9 ! confid5ce ( any respectable p[] 9 ,italy except ! exil$ ,duke ( ,urb9o4 ,procra/9ation 0 ! fir/ weapon us$ by ! wily ,ces>e1 :o tru/$ t "t w\ld s[ among 8 rebel capta9s suspicion & diss5sion4 ,he next made ov]tures to ! lead]s sep>ately1 & s f> succe$$ 9 8 p]fidi\s policy z to draw ,vitellozzo ,vitelli1 ,oliv]otto da ,f]mo1 ,paolo ,ors9i1 & ,francesco ,ors9i1 ,duke ( ,grav9a1 into 8 nets at ,s9igaglia4 ,"u pretext ( fair conf]5ce & equitable settlem5t ( disput$ claims1 he possess$ himself ( _! p]sons1 & _h !m /rangl$--two ^u ,decemb] #ca1 & two ^u ,janu>y #ah1 #aejc4 ,( all ,ces>e's actions1 ?is 0 ! mo/ spl5did = its successful comb9ation ( sagacity & policy 9 ! h\r ( p]il1 ( p]suasive diplomacy1 & ( ru?less decision :5 ! "t to /rike 8 bl[ arriv$4 ,,cortona ,aft] leav+ ,la ,magione1 ! road desc5ds ^u ! lake ( ,?rasym5e ?r\gh oak-woods full ( night+ales4 ,! lake lay bask+1 lead5-col\r$1 smoo? & waveless1 "u a mi/y1 ra9-*>g$1 sun-irradiat$ sky4 ,at ,passignano1 close beside its %ore1 we /opp$ = mid-day4 ,?is is a little fi%+ village ( v poor p1 :o live entirely by lab\r on ! wat]s4 ,!y %[$ u huge eels coil$ 9 tanks1 & "s f9e specim5s ( ! silv] c>p--,re9a del ,lago4 ,x 0 (f "o ( ! eels t we made our lun*2 & tak51 z he 01 alive f 8 cool lodg+1 he furni%$ a s]ies ( di%es fit = a k+4 ,climb+ ! hill ( ,cortona seem$ a q int]m9able bus9ess4 ,x p\r$ a deluge4 ,our horses 7 tir$1 & "o lean donkey1 :o1 aft] mu* tr\ble1 0 produc$ f a f>mh\se & yok$ 9 front ( !m1 r5d]$ b little assi/ance4 ,next day we duly saw ! ,muse & ,lamp 9 ! ,museo1 ! ,fra ,angelicos1 & all ! ,signorellis4 ,"o _c help ?9k+ t too mu* fuss is made n[adays ab\t works ( art--runn+ aft] !m = _! own sakes1 exagg]at+ _! importance1 & deta*+ !m z objects ( /udy1 in/ead ( tak+ !m ) sympa?y & c>elessness z pleasant or in/ructive adjuncts to our actual life4 ,arti/s1 hi/orians ( art1 & critics are =c$ to isolate pictures2 & x is ( pr(it to _! s\ls to d s4 ,b simple folk1 :o h no ae/hetic vocation1 :e!r creative or critical1 suff] m ?an is good = !m by compliance ) m]e fa%ion4 ,soon] or lat] we %all return to ! _s ( ! ages :i* produc$ ^! pictures1 & :i* reg>d$ !m ) less ( an indu/ri\s bewild]m5t ?an !y evoke at pres5t4 ,i am f> inde$ f wi%+ to decry art1 ! /udy ( art1 or ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f its intellig5t enjoym5t4 ,i only mean to sugge/ t we g ! wrong way to "w at pres5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,picture & sculpture gall]ies accu/om u to ! sep>ation ( art f life4 ,our me?ods ( /udy+ art1 mak+ a beg9n+ ( art-/udy :ile travel+1 t5d to p]petuate ?is sep>ation4 ,x is only on reflection1 aft] long exp]i5ce1 t we come to p]ceive t ! mo/ fruitful mom5ts 9 our art education h be5 casual & uns\ght1 9 qua9t nooks & unexpect$ places1 :]e nature1 art1 & life are happily bl5t4 ,! ,palace ( ! ,commune at ,cortona is int]e/+ because ( ! %ields ( ,flor5t9e gov]nors1 sculptur$ on blocks ( grey /one1 & ins]t$ 9 its out] walls--,p]uzzi1 ,albizzi1 ,/rozzi1 ,salviati1 among ! m anci5t--de' ,m$ici at a lat] epo*4 ,! revolutions 9 ! ,republic ( ,flor5ce may be read by a h]ald f ^! coats-(-arms & ! dates b5ea? !m4 ,! l&scape ( ?is ,tuscan highl& satisfies me m & m ) s5se ( bread? & beauty4 ,f ,s4 ,m>gh]ita above ! t[n ! prospect is imm5se & wond]ful & wild--up into ^? br[n1 =bidd+ m\nta9s2 d[n to ! va/ pla92 & ov] to ! cities ( ,*iusi1 ,montepulciano1 & ,foiano4 ,! jewel ( ! view is ,trasim5o1 a silv]y %ield encas$ ) s]ri$ hills1 & set ^u "o corn] ( ! sc5e1 l a preci\s ?+ ap>t & meant = sep>ate contemplation4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! s+ul>ity & circumscrib$ complet5ess ( ! m\nta9-gird$ lake1 dim9i%$ by di/ance1 :i* w\ld h attract$ ,lion>do da ,v9ci's p5cil1 _h he se5 x4 ,cortona seems desp]ately poor1 & ! begg>s are intol]able4 ,"o little bl9d boy1 l$ by 8 bro!r1 bo? frightfully ugly & ragg$ ur*9s1 pursu$ u all ov] ! city1 incessantly :9+ ',signore ,padrone6' ,x 0 only on ! ?re%old ( ! inn t ,i v5tur$ to give !m a few copp]s1 = ,i knew well t any public b5efic5ce w\ld raise ! :ole sw>m ( ! begg+ population r\nd u4 ,sitt+ lat] 9 ! day ^u ! piazza ( ,s4 ,dom5ico1 ,i saw ! same bl9d boy tak5 by 8 bro!r to play4 ,! game consi/s1 9 ! little creature ?r[+ 8 arms ab\t ! trunk ( a big tree1 & runn+ r\nd & r\nd x1 clasp+ x4 ,?is seem$ to make him q inexpressibly happy4 ,8 face lit up & beam$ ) t inn] beatitude bl9d p %[--a k9d ( rapture %9+ ov] x1 z ?\gh no?+ c\ld be m altoge!r delightful4 ,?is little boy _h ! smallpox at eight mon?s1 & has nev] be5 able to see s9ce4 ,he looks /urdy1 & may live to be ( any age--doom$ always1 is t possible1 to beg8 ,,*iusi ,:at m enjoyable d9n] c be imag9$ ?an a flask ( excell5t ,montepulciano1 a well-cook$ /eak1 & a little goat's *eese 9 ! inn ( ! ,leone d',oro at ,*iusi8 ,! w9d[s are op51 & ! sun is sett+4 ,monte ,cetona b\nds ! view to ! "r1 & ! wood$ hills ( ,citt della ,pieve to ! left4 ,! deep gre5 dimpl$ valley goes /ret*+ away t[>d ,orvieto2 & at its end a purple m\nta9 mass1 di/9ct & solit>y1 :i* may p]adv5ture be ,soracte6 ,! ne> c\ntry is brok5 into undulat+ hills1 =e/$ ) f9e olives & oaks2 & ! composition ( ! l&scape1 ) its cr[n+ villages1 is wor?y ( a backgr\nd to an ,umbrian picture4 ,! bread? & dep? & quiet :i* ^? pa9t]s lov$1 ! space ( lucid sky1 ! sugge/ion ( w9d+ wat]s 9 v]dant fields1 all are "h4 ,! ev5+ is beautiful--gold5 light /ream+ s(tly f beh9d u on ?is prospect1 & gradually mell[+ to violet & blue ) />s above4 ,at ,*iusi we visit$ sev]al ,etruscan tombs1 & saw _! r$ & black scrawl$ pictures4 ,"o ( ! sepul*res 0 a well-jo9t$ vault ( /one ) no wall-pa9t+s4 ,! re/ _h be5 scoop$ out ( ! liv+ tufa4 ,?is 0 ! excuse = "s pleasant h\rs sp5t 9 walk+ & driv+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,*iusi means = me ! m+l+ ( grey olives & gre5 oaks 9 limpid sunlight2 deep leafy lanes2 w>m s&/one banks2 copses ) night+ales & cyclam5s & cuckoos2 glimpses ( a silv]y lake2 blue %ad[y di/ances2 ! bri/l+ ridge ( ,monte ,cetona2 ! conical t[]s1 ,becca di ,que/o & ,becca di ,quello1 ov] aga9/ ea* o!r on ! bord]s2 ways w9d+ among h$g][s l "s bit ( ,engl& 9 ,june1 b n s full ( fl[]s4 ,x means all ?is1 ,i fe>1 = me f> m ?an !ories ab\t ,l>s ,pors5na & ,etruscan e?nology4 ,,gubbio ,gubbio ranks among ! mo/ anci5t ( ,italian hill-t[ns4 ,) its back set firm aga9/ ! sp9e ( c5tral ,ap5n9es1 & pil$1 h\se ov] h\se1 ^u ! ris+ slope1 x comm&s a ri* tract ( upl& *ampaign1 b\nd$ s\?w>d t[>d ,p]ugia & ,foligno by peak$ & roll+ ridges4 ,?is amphi!atre1 :i* =ms its s\rce ( weal? & indep5d5ce1 is admirably protect$ by a *a9 ( natural def5ces2 & ,gubbio we>s a s+ul>ly old-_w aspect ( antiquity & isolation4 ,h\ses climb "r to ! cre/s ( gaunt b>e peaks2 & ! br[n m$ival walls ) squ>e t[]s :i* protect$ !m ^u ! m\nta9 side1 foll[+ ! inequalities ( ! gr\nd1 are /ill a m>k$ feature 9 ! l&scape4 ,x is a t[n ( /eep /reets & /aircases1 ) qua9tly fram$ prospects1 & solemn vi/as op5+ at e turn across ! l[l&4 ,"o ( ^! views might be select$ = especial notice4 ,9 front1 irregul> build+s los+ !mselves 9 c\ntry z !y /raggle by ! roadside2 !n ! op5 po/-road ) a cypress to ! "r2 aft]w>ds1 ! ri* gre5 fields1 & on a bit ( ris+ gr\nd an anci5t f>mh\se ) its br[n dep5d5cies2 la/ly1 ! blue hills above ,fossato1 & f> away a wrack ( tumbl+ cl\ds4 ,all ?is enclos$ by ! heavy ar*way ( ! ,porta ,romana1 :]e sunlight & %ad[ *equ] ! mell[ tones ( a dim fresco1 indi/9ct ) age1 b beautiful4 ,gubbio has n greatly alt]$ s9ce ! middle ages4 ,b poor p are n[ liv+ 9 ! palaces ( noblem5 & m]*ants4 ,^! new inhabitants h wall$ up ! fair ar*$ w9d[s & sl5d] portals ( ! anci5t dwell]s1 spoil+ ! beauty ( ! /reets )\t mat]ially *ang+ ! ar*itectural masses4 ,9 t wit*+ h\r :5 ! ,italian sunset has fad$1 & a solemn grey replaces ! gl[+ tones ( daffodil & rose1 x is n difficult1 "h dream+ by oneself alone1 to picture ! old noble life--! ladies mov+ along ^? op5 loggias1 ! "y m5 9 plum$ caps & curl+ hair ) "o foot on ^? door/eps1 ! knights 9 arm\r & ! sumpt] mules & r$-rob$ ,c>d9als defil+ ?r\gh ^? gates into ! c\rts )94 ,! mod]n bricks & mort> ) :i* t picturesque sc5e has be5 ov]laid1 ! ugly oblong w9d[s & bright gre5 %utt]s :i* n[ int]rupt ! fl[+ l9es ( ar* & gall]y2 ^! disappe> b5ea? ! f9e rememb]$ t\* ( a sonnet sung by ,folgore1 :5 /ill ! ,p>ties _h _! day1 & ?is des]t$ city 0 ! c5tre ( great aims & ?robb+ aspirations4 ,! names ( ! *ief build+s 9 ,gubbio are /rongly sugge/ive ( ! middle ages4 ,!y abut ^u a ,piazza de' ,signori4 ,"o ( !m1 ! ,palazzo del ,municipio1 is a %apeless unf9i%$ block ( masonry4 ,x is "h t ! ,eugub9e tables1 plates ( brass ) ,umbrian & ,roman incis$ *>act]s1 are %[n4 ,! ,palazzo de' ,consoli has high] ar*itectural qualities1 & is inde$ unique among ,italian palaces = ! comb9ation ( massiv5ess ) lightness 9 a situation ( unprec$5t$ boldness4 ,ris+ f enorm\s sub/ructures mortis$ into ! solid hillside1 x re>s its va/ rectangul> bulk to a giddy height above ! t[n2 airy loggias impos$ on great =bidd+ masses ( br[n /one1 %oot+ al(t into a light arial t[]4 ,! empty halls inside are ( fair proportions & a noble size1 & ! views f ! op5 colonnades 9 all directions fasc9ate4 ,b ! f9al impression made by ! build+ is "o ( squ>e1 tranquil1 massive /r5g?--p]petuity embodi$ 9 masonry--=ce sugge/+ facility by d>+ & successful addition ( elegance to hug5ess4 ,va/ z x is1 ?is pile is n =bidd+1 z a simil>ly weighty /ructure 9 ! ,nor? w\ld be4 ,! f9e quality ( ! /one & ! delicate ?\gh simple m\ld+s ( ! w9d[s give x an ,italian grace4 ,^! public palaces belong to ! age ( ! ,communes1 :5 ,gubbio 0 a free t[n1 ) a policy ( its own1 & an important "p to play 9 ! int]nec9e /ruggles ( ,pope & ,empire1 ,guelf & ,ghibell9e4 ,! ru9$1 des]t$1 degrad$ ,palazzo ,ducale rem9ds u ( ! adv5t ( ! despots4 ,x has be5 /ripp$ ( all its t>sia-"w & sculpture4 ,only "h & !re a ,fe4,d41 ) ! cupp+-glass ( ,f$]igo di ,montefeltro1 rema9s to %[ t ,gubbio once became ! faire/ fief ( ! ,urb9o du*y4 ,s4 ,ubaldo1 :o gave 8 "n to ?is duke's son1 0 ! patron ( ,gubbio1 & to him ! ca!dral is d$icat$--"o l[ enorm\s vault1 l a cell> or feudal banquet+ hall1 ro($ ) a succession ( solid ,go?ic ar*es4 ,?is /range old *ur*1 & ! ,h\se ( ,canons1 buttress$ on ! hill beside x1 h suff]$ less f mod]nisation ?an mo/ build+s 9 ,gubbio4 ,! latt]1 9 p>ticul>1 helps "o to und]/& :at ?is city ( grave palazzi mu/ h be51 & h[ ! m]e op5+ ( old doors & w9d[s w\ld re/ore x to its primitive appe>ance4 ,! ,h\se ( ! ,canons has1 9 fact1 n yet be5 giv5 ov] to ! use ( middle-class & prolet>iate4 ,at ! end ( a day 9 ,gubbio1 x is pleasant to take our ease 9 ! primitive ho/elry1 at ! back ( :i* foams a m\nta9-torr5t1 ru%+ d[nw>d f ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! ,gubbio w9e is v fragrant1 & ( a ri* ruby col\r4 ,^? to :om ! t9ts ( w9e & jewels give a pleasure n entirely *ildi%1 w take delight 9 its specific bl5d+ ( tawny hues ) rose4 ,!y s]ve ! table /ill1 at ,gubbio1 aft] ! antique ,italian fa%ion1 cov]+ x ) a cream-col\r$ l95 clo? bord]$ ) co>se lace--! creases ( ! press1 ! sc5t ( old h]bs f ! w>drobe1 are /ill ^u x--& ! bo>d is set ) %all[ di%es ( w>m1 :ite e>!nw>e1 basket-work$ 9 op5 lattice at ! edge1 :i* conta9 little sep>ate messes ( meat1 vegetables1 *eese1 & comfits4 ,! w9e /&s 9 /range1 sl5d] phials ( smoo? glass1 ) /opp]s2 & ! amb]-col\r$ bread lies 9 fair r\nd loaves ^u ! clo?4 ,d9+ ?us is l sitt+ d[n to ! supp] at ,emmaus1 9 "s picture ( ,gian ,bell9i or ( ,masol9o4 ,! v b>5ess ( ! room--its op5 raft]s1 pla/]$ walls1 primitive settees1 & r$-brick floor1 on :i* a dog sits wait+ = a bone--enhances ! impression ( arti/ic delicacy 9 ! table4 ,,f ,,gubbio ,,to ,,fano ,! road f ,gubbio1 imm$iately aft] leav+ ! city1 ent]s a n>r[ ,alp9e rav9e1 :]e a ?9 /ream da%es ov] d>k1 r$ rocks1 & p5d5t saxifrages wave to ! w9ds4 ,! c>riage 9 :i* we travell$ at ! end ( ,may1 "o morn+1 _h two horses1 :i* our driv] soon supplem5t$ ) a c\ple ( :ite ox54 ,sl[ly & toilsomely we asc5d$ betwe5 ! flanks ( b>r5 hills--gaunt masses ( crimson & grey crag1 clo!d at _! summits ) %ort turf & scanty pa/ure4 ,! pass leads fir/ to ! little t[n ( ,s*eggia1 & is call$ ! ,monte ,calvo1 or bald m\nta94 ,at ,s*eggia1 x jo9s ! great ,flam9ian ,way1 or ,nor? road ( ! ,roman armies4 ,at ! top !re is a f9e view ov] ! conical hills t dom9ate ,gubbio1 &1 f> away1 to noble m\nta9s above ! ,furlo & ! ,foligno l9e ( railway to ,ancona4 ,range rises ov] range1 cross+ at unexpect$ angles1 break+ into sudd5 precipices1 & /ret*+ out long1 exquisitely modell$ outl9es1 z only ,ap5n9es c d1 9 silv]y sobriety ( col\rs ton$ by cle>e/ air4 ,e squ>e piece ( ?is au/]e1 wild l&scape =ms a v>i$ picture1 :]e( ! composition is due to subtle arrangem5ts ( l9es always delicate2 & ^! l9es seem someh[ to h be5 det]m9$ 9 _! beauty by ! va/ antiquity ( ! m\nta9 sy/em1 z ?\gh !y all _h tak5 "t to *oose _! place & we> d[n into h>mony4 ,! effect ( temp]$ sadness 0 height5$ = u by /ormy lights & dun cl\ds1 high 9 air1 roll+ vap\rs & fly+ %ad[s1 ov] all ! prospect1 t9t$ 9 e!real grisaille4 ,aft] ,s*eggia1 "o ent]s a l& ( mead[ & oak-trees4 ,?is is ! sacr$ c5tral tract ( ,jupit] ,ap5n9us1 ^: fane-- ,delubra ,jovis saxoque m9antes ,ap5n9ig5is cultae pa/oribus arae --once rose beh9d u on ! bald ,iguvian summits4 ,a second little pass leads f ?is region to ! ,adriatic side ( ! ,italian wat]%$1 & ! road n[ foll[s ! ,b>ano d[nw>d t[>d ! sea4 ,! valley is fairly gre5 ) woods1 :]e mi/letoe may "h & !re be se5 on b\ghs ( oak1 & ri* ) cornfields4 ,cagli is ! *ief t[n ( ! di/rict1 & "h !y %[ "o ( ! be/ pictures left to u by ,raphael's fa!r1 ,giovanni ,santi4 ,x is a ,madonna1 att5d$ by ,s4 ,pet]1 ,s4 ,francis1 ,s4 ,dom9ic1 ,s4 ,john1 & two angels4 ,"o ( ! angels is traditionally suppos$ to h be5 pa9t$ f ! boy ,raphael1 & ! face has some?+ :i* rem9ds u ( 8 portraits4 ,! :ole composition1 excell5t 9 modell+1 h>moni\s 9 gr\p+1 sob]ly b /rongly col\r$1 ) a peculi> bl5d+ ( dignity & sweetness1 grace & vig\r1 makes "o wond] :y ,santi ?\ght x necess>y to s5d 8 son f 8 own work%op to /udy "u ,p]ug9o4 ,he 0 himself a ma/] ( 8 art1 & ?is1 p]haps ! mo/ agreeable ( 8 pa9t+s1 has a mascul9e s9c]ity :i* is abs5t f at lea/ ! lat] works ( ,p]ug9o4 ,"s miles beyond ,cagli1 ! real pass ( ! ,furlo beg9s4 ,x owes its "n to a n>r[ tunnel bor$ by ,vespasian 9 ! solid rock1 :]e lime/one crags desc5d on ! ,b>ano4 ,! ,romans call$ ?is gall]y ,petra ,p]tusa1 or ,int]cisa1 or m famili>ly ,=ulus1 :5ce comes ! mod]n "n4 ,inde$1 ! /ations on ! old ,flam9ian ,way are /ill well m>k$ by ,lat9 designations2 = ,cagli is ! anci5t ,calles1 & ,fossombrone is ,=um ,sempronii1 & ,fano ! ,fanum ,=tun4 ,vespasian commemorat$ ?is e>ly a*ievem5t 9 eng9e]+ by an inscription c>v$ on ! liv+ /one1 :i* /ill rema9s2 & ,claudian1 :5 he sang ! j\rney ( 8 ,emp]or ,honorius f ,rim9i to ,rome1 speaks ?us ( :at 0 ev5 !n an object ( a/oni%m5t to travell]s3-- ,laetior h9c fano recipit =tuna vetu/o1 ,despiciturque vagus pra]upta valle ,metaurus1 ,qua mons arte pat5s vivo se p]=at arcu ,admittitque viam sectae p] visc]a rupis4 ,! ,=ulus itself may n[ be mat*$1 on any ,alp9e pass1 by sev]al tunnels ( f> mighti] dim5sions2 = x is n>r[1 & does n ext5d m ?an #abf feet 9 l5g?4 ,b x occupies a f9e position at ! end ( a really impos+ rav9e4 ,! :ole ,furlo ,pass might1 )\t too mu* exagg]ation1 be describ$ z a k9d ( ,*$d> on ! scale ( ! ,via ,mala4 ,! lime/one rocks1 :i* rise on ei!r h& above ! gorge to an enorm\s height1 are noble 9 =m & solemn1 l a succession ( gigantic portals1 ) /up5d\s flank+ obelisks & pyramids4 ,"s ( ^! crag-masses rival ! fanta/ic cliffs ( ,capri1 & all consi/ ( t s\!rn m\nta9 lime/one :i* *anges f pale yell[ to blue grey & dusky orange4 ,a riv] ro>s precipitately ?r\gh ! pass1 & ! roadsides wave ) _m sorts ( campanulas--a pr(usion ( azure & purple bells ^u ! h>d :ite /one4 ,( ,roman rema9s !re is /ill en\gh 79 ! way ( ,roman bridges & bits ( brok5 masonry7 to please an antiqu>y's eye4 ,b ! lov] ( nature w dwell *iefly on ! picturesque qualities ( ?is hi/oric gorge1 s ali5 to ! g5]al "* ( ,italian sc5]y1 & yet s remote f any?+ to :i* ,swiss travell+ accu/oms "o4 ,! ,furlo breaks out into a ri*] l& ( mighty oaks & wav+ cornfields1 a fat pa/oral c\ntry1 n unlike ,devon%ire 9 detail1 ) gre5 upl&s1 & wild-rose tangl$ h$g][s1 & mu* runn+ wat]1 & abundance ( summ] fl[]s4 ,at a po9t above ,fossombrone1 ! ,b>ano jo9s ! ,metauro1 & "h "o has a glimpse ( f>away ,urb9o1 high ^u its m\nta9 eyrie4 ,x is s r>e1 9 spite ( immemorial belief1 to f9d 9 ,italy a wild]ness ( wild fl[]s1 t ,i feel incl9$ to make a li/ ( ^? ,i saw f our c>riage w9d[s z we roll$ d[n lazily along ! road to ,fossombrone4 ,broom1 & cytisus1 & haw?orn m+l$ ) roses1 gladiolus1 & sa9fo94 ,!re 7 or*ises1 & clematis1 & privet1 & wild-v9e1 vet*es ( all hues1 r$ poppies1 sky-blue cornfl[]s1 & lilac pimp]nel4 ,9 ! r\gh] h$ges1 dogwood1 honeysuckle1 pyracan?1 & acacia made a network ( :ite bloom & blu%es4 ,milk-worts ( all bright & t5d] t9ts comb9$ ) borage1 iris1 hawkwe$s1 h>ebells1 crimson clov]1 ?yme1 r$ snap-dragon1 gold5 a/]s1 & dreamy love-9-a-mi/1 to weave a m>vell\s c>pet su* z ! looms ( ,%iraz or ( ,ca%m]e nev] spread4 ,r>ely h ,i gaz$ on ,flora 9 su* riot1 su* luxuriance1 su* self-ab&onm5t to joy4 ,! air 0 fill$ ) fragrances4 ,songs ( cuckoos & night+ales e*o$ f ! copses on ! hillsides4 ,! sun 0 out1 & danc+ ov] all ! l&scape4 ,aft] all ?is1 ,fano 0 v re/ful 9 ! quiet sunset4 ,x has a s&y /ret* ( %ore1 on :i* ! long1 gre5-yell[ roll]s ( ! ,adriatic broke into creamy foam1 b5ea? ! wan+ saffron light ov] ,pes>o & ! rosy ris+ ( a full moon4 ,?is ,adriatic sea c>ries an ,engli% m9d home to _m a little wat]+-place ^u our coa/4 ,9 col\r & ! %ape ( waves x resembles our ,*annel4 ,! sea-%ore is ,fano's great attraction2 b ! t[n has _m *ur*es1 & "s cr$itable pictures1 z well z ,roman antiquities4 ,giovanni ,santi may "h be se5 almo/ z well z at ,cagli2 & ( ,p]ug9o !re is "o truly magnific5t alt>-piece--lunette1 great c5tre panel1 & pr$ella--du/y 9 its pres5t condition1 b spl5didly pa9t$1 & happily n yet re/or$ or clean$4 ,x is wor? j\rney+ to ,fano to see ?is4 ,/ill bett] w\ld ! j\rney be wor? ! travell]'s :ile if he c\ld be sure to witness su* a game ( ,pallone z we *anc$ ^u 9 ! ,via dell' ,arco di ,augu/o--lads & gr[n-m51 tightly girt1 9 %irt sleeves1 driv+ ! great ball al(t into ! air ) cunn+ bias & calculation ( project+ h\se-eaves4 ,i d n und]/& ! game2 b x 0 cle>ly play$ some?+ aft] ! mann] ( our football1 t is to say2 ) sides1 & front & back play]s s arrang$ z to cov] ! greate/ numb] ( angles ( incid5ce on ei!r wall4 ,fano /ill rememb]s t x is ! ,fane ( ,=tune4 ,on ! f\nta9 9 ! m>ket-place /&s a bronze ,=tuna1 slim & airy1 (f]+ h] veil to cat* ! w9d4 ,may %e long %[] heal? & prosp]ity ^u ! mod]n wat]+-place ( :i* %e is ! patron sa9t6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,urb9o ,i ,at ,rim9i1 "o spr+1 ! impulse came ^u my wife & me to make our way across ,san ,m>9o to ,urb9o4 ,9 ! ,piazza1 call$ apocryphally aft] ,julius ,cs>1 ,i f\nd a prop] vettur9o1 ) a good c>riage & two indefatigable horses4 ,he 0 a spl5did fell[1 & bore a great hi/oric "n1 z ,i discov]$ :5 our b>ga9 0 complet$4 ',:at are y call$8' ,i ask$ him4 ',filippo ,visconti1 p] s]virla6' 0 ! prompt reply4 ,brimm+ ov] ) ! d>ke/ memories ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 ,i hesitat$ :5 ,i he>d ?is answ]4 ,! associations seem$ too om9\s4 ,& yet ! man himself 0 s attractive--tall1 /alw>t1 & well look+--no feature ( 8 face or limb ( 8 a?letic =m recall+ ! gross tyrant :o conceal$ worse ?an ,caligula's ugl9ess f sight 9 secret *amb]s--t ,i %ook ?is preconception f my m9d4 ,z x turn$ out1 ,filippo ,visconti _h no?+ 9 common ) 8 infam\s namesake b ! "n4 ,on a long & try+ j\rney1 he %[$ nei!r sull5 nor yet f]oci\s temp]s2 nor1 at ! end ( x1 did he attempt by any ma/]-/roke ( craft to :e$le f me m ?an 8 fair pay2 b took ! me]s*aum pipe ,i gave him = a keepsake1 ) ! frank goodwill ( an accompli%$ g5tleman4 ,! only exhibition ( 8 hot ,italian blood :i* ,i rememb] did 8 humanity cr$it4 ,:ile we 7 asc5d+ a /eep hillside1 he jump$ f 8 box to ?ra% a ruffian by ! roadside = brutal treatm5t to a little boy4 ,he broke 8 :ip1 x is true1 9 ?is enc\nt]2 risk$ a dang]\s qu>rel2 & left 8 c>riage1 ) myself & wife inside x1 to ! m]cy ( 8 horses 9 a some:at p]il\s position4 ,b :5 he came back1 hot & gl[+1 f ?is de$ ( ju/ice1 ,i c\ld only applaud 8 zeal4 ,an ,italian ( ?is type1 h&some z an antique /atue1 ) ! ref9em5t ( a mod]n g5tleman & t intellig5ce :i* is innate 9 a race ( immemorial culture1 is a fasc9at+ be+4 ,he may be absolutely ignorant 9 all book-le>n+4 ,he may be z ignorant z a ,b]sagli]e f ,montalc9o ) :om ,i once conv]s$ at ,rim9i1 :o gravely said t he c\ld walk 9 ?ree mon?s to ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ?\ght ( do+ x :5 8 t]m ( s]vice 0 accompli%$4 ,b he w display1 z ?is "y soldi] did1 a grace & ease ( address :i* are r>e 9 ,london draw+-rooms2 & by 8 %rewd rem>ks ^u ! cities he has visit$1 w %[ t he possesses a f9e natural ta/e = ?+s ( beauty4 ,! spee* ( su* m51 drawn f ! common /ock ( ! ,italian p1 is season$ ) prov]bial say+s1 ! wisdom ( c5turies cond5s$ 9 a few n]v\s words4 ,:5 emotion fires _! bra91 !y break into spontane\s eloqu5ce1 or sugge/ ! motive ( a poem by phrases pregnant ) imag]y4 ,= ! fir/ /age ( ! j\rney out ( ,rim9i1 ,filippo's two horses suffic$4 ,! road l$ almo/ /raight across ! level betwe5 quickset h$ges 9 :ite bloom4 ,b :5 we rea*$ ! long /eep hill :i* asc5ds to ,san ,m>9o1 ! inevitable ox5 7 call$ out1 & we toil$ upw>ds leisurely ?r\gh cornfields bright ) r$ anemones & sweet n>cissus4 ,at ?is po9t pomegranate h$ges replac$ ! ,may-?orns ( ! pla94 ,9 c\rse ( "t our bovi br\ght u to ! ,borgo1 or l[] t[n1 :5ce !re is a fur!r asc5t ( sev5 hundr$ feet to ! topmo/ hawk's-ne/ or acropolis ( ! republic4 ,^! we climb$ on foot1 wat*+ ! view exp& ar\nd u & b5ea?4 ,crags ( lime/one "h break d[n abruptly to ! roll+ hills1 :i* g to lose !mselves 9 field & %ore4 ,mi/y rea*es ( ! ,adriatic close ! _w to ea/w>d4 ,ces5a1 ,rim9i1 ,v]uc*io1 & c\ntless hill-set villages1 ea* isolat$ on its tract ( v]dure conqu]$ f ! /]n grey soil1 def9e ! po9ts :]e ,montefeltri wre/l$ ) ,malate/as 9 long bygone ye>s4 ,ar\nd are m>ly m\nta9-flanks 9 wr9kles & gn>l$ convolutions l "s giant's bra91 furr[$ by riv]s crawl+ ?r\gh dry wa/eful b$s ( %+le4 ,int]m9able ranges ( gaunt ,ap5n9es /ret*1 ti] by ti]1 beyond2 & ov] all ?is l&scape1 a grey-gre5 mi/ ( ris+ crops & new-fl$g$ oak-trees lies l a veil ^u ! nak$ness ( ,nature's ru9s4 ,no?+ 9 ,europe conveys a m /rik+ s5se ( geological antiquity ?an su* a prospect4 ,! d5udation & abrasion ( innum]able ages1 wr\ght by sl[ p]si/5t action ( wea!r & wat] on an upheav$ m\nta9 mass1 are "h made visible4 ,e wave 9 t va/ sea ( hills1 e furr[ 9 _! worn flanks1 tells its tale ( a cont9u\s corrosion /ill 9 progress4 ,! dom9ant impression is "o ( melan*oly4 ,we =get h[ ,romans1 c\nt]m>*+ ,c>?ag9ians1 trod ! l& b5ea? u4 ,! m>vel ( ,san ,m>9o1 reta9+ indep5d5ce ?r\gh ! drums & trampl+s ( ! la/ sev5 c5turies1 is swall[$ 9 a deep] s5se ( wond]4 ,we turn in/9ctively 9 ?\ght to ,leop>di's mus+s on man's de/9y at w> ) unkn[n nature-=ces & malignant rul]s ( ! univ]se4 ,omai disprezza ,te1 la natura1 il brutto ,pot] *e1 ascoso1 a comun danno imp]a1 ,e l' inf9ita vanit del tutto4 ,& !n1 /ra9+ our eyes s\?w>d1 we sweep ! dim blue di/ance = ,recanati1 & rememb] t ! poet ( mod]n despair & disc\ragem5t 0 re>$ 9 ev5 su* a sc5e z ?is4 ,! t[n ( ,san ,m>9o is grey1 n>r[-/reet$1 simple2 ) a great1 new1 dec5t1 ,greek-portico$ ca!dral1 d$icat$ to ! eponym\s sa9t4 ,a c]ta9 au/]ity def9es x f m picturesque hill-cities ) a less uni=m hi/ory4 ,!re is a m>ble /atue ( ,s4 ,m>9o 9 ! *oir ( 8 *ur*2 & 9 8 cell is %[n ! /one b$ & pill[ on :i* he took au/]e repose4 ,"o n>r[ w9d[ ne> ! sa9t's abode comm&s a pr\d b melan*oly l&scape ( di/ant hills & seabo>d4 ,to ?is1 ! great absorb+ *>m ( ,san ,m>9o1 our eyes in/9ctively1 recurr5tly1 take flight4 ,x is a l&scape :i* by v>iety & beauty ?ralls att5tion1 b :i* by its int]m9able sam5ess might gr[ almo/ ov]p[]+4 ,!re is no relief4 ,! gladness %$ ^u f> humbl] ,nor!rn l&s 9 ,may is ev] abs5t "h4 ,! ,g]man ^w ,gem?li*keit1 ! ,engli% phrase 'a home ( anci5t peace1' are "h alike by art & nature untranslat$ into visibilities4 ,& yet 7z we :o gaze ^u x ?us are fa9 to ?9k7 if p]adv5ture ! intol]able ennui ( ?is panorama %\ld drive a citiz5 ( ,san ,m>9o into out-l&s1 ! same view w\ld haunt him :i!rsoev] he w5t--! swall[s ( 8 native eyrie w\ld %rill ?r\gh 8 sleep--he w\ld ye>n to brea! its f9e ke5 air 9 w9t]1 & to wat* its iris-h$ges deck !mselves ) blue 9 spr+2--l ,virgil's h]o1 dy+1 he w\ld ?9k ( ,san ,m>9o3 ,aspicit1 et dulces mori5s rem9iscitur ,argos4 ,ev5 a pass+ /rang] may feel ! m+l$ fasc9ation & oppression ( ?is prospect--! monotony :i* madd5s1 ! *>m :i* at a di/ance gr[s ^u ! m9d1 environ+ x ) memories4 ,desc5d+ to ! ,borgo1 we f\nd t ,filippo ,visconti _h ord]$ a lun*eon ( excell5t :ite bread1 pigeons1 & omelette1 ) ! be/ r$ muscat w9e ,i ev] drank1 unless ! %>p air ( ! hills deceiv$ my appetite4 ,an ,italian hi/ory ( ,san ,m>9o1 includ+ its /atutes1 9 ?ree volumes1 furni%$ intellectual food4 ,b ,i confess to hav+ le>n$ f ^! pages little else ?an ?is3 fir/1 t ! survival ( ! ,commonweal? ?r\gh all phases ( ,european politics _h be5 semi-miracul\s2 secondly1 t ! mo/ em95t ,san ,m>9esi _h be5 lawy]s4 ,x is possible on a ha/y d$uction f ^! two propositions 7to :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i am f> f wi%+ to commit myself71 t ! latt] is a suffici5t explanation ( ! =m]4 ,f ,san ,m>9o ! road plunges at a break-neck pace4 ,we are n[ 9 ! true ,feltrian highl&s1 :5ce ! ,c\nts ( ,montefeltro issu$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,yond] eyrie is ,san ,leo1 :i* =m$ ! key ( entrance to ! du*y ( ,urb9o 9 campaigns f\ght _m hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,p]*$ on ! cre/ ( a precipit\s rock1 ?is =tress looks z ?\gh x might defy all enemies b fam9e4 ,& yet ,san ,leo 0 tak5 & re-tak5 by /rategy & fraud1 :5 ,montefeltro1 ,borgia1 ,malate/a1 ,rov]e1 cont5d$ = dom9ion 9 ^! valleys4 ,yond] is ,/a4 ,agata1 ! village to :i* ,guidobaldo fl$ by night :5 ,val5t9o drove him f 8 duk$om4 ,a little f>!r t[]s ,c>pegna1 :]e "o bran* ( ! ,montefeltro h\se ma9ta9$ a c\nt%ip ?r\gh sev5 c5turies1 & only sold _! fief to ,rome 9 #ahae4 ,monte ,coppiolo lies beh9d1 ,pietra ,rubia 9 front3 two o!r eagles' ne/s ( ! same brood4 ,:at a road x is6 ,x beats ! tracks on ,exmoor4 ,! uphill & d[nhill ( ,devon%ire scorns compromise or mitigation by dt\r & zigzag4 ,b "h geography is on a scale s f> m va/1 & ! roadway is s f> worse metall$ ?an ) u 9 ,engl&--knotty masses ( talc & nodes ( s&/one cropp+ up at dang]\s turn+s--t only ,dante's words describe ! j\rney3-- ,vassi 9 ,sanleo1 e disc5desi 9 ,noli1 ,montasi su ,bismantova 9 cacume ,con esso i pi2 ma qui convi5 *' uom voli4 ,( a tru?1 our horses seem$ r to fly ?an scramble up & d[n ^! rugg$ precipices2 ,visconti *e]ily animat+ !m ) ! brave _s t 0 9 him1 & l5d+ !m 8 w>y driv]'s help ( h& & voice at ne$4 ,we 7 soon ^u a cornice-road betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! ,adriatic3 foll[+ ! curves ( gul* & cleft rav9e2 w9d+ r\nd ru9$ ca/les set on po9ts ( vantage2 ! sea-l9e high above _! grass-gr[n battlem5ts1 ! %ad[-dappl$ *ampaign girdl+ _! ba/ions mortis$ on ! nak$ rock4 ,except = ! blue lights across ! di/ance1 & ! ev]-pres5t sea1 ^! e>?y ,ap5n9es w\ld be too grim4 ,inf9ite air & ?is sp>e veil ( spr+-tide gre5]y on field & =e/ soo! _! /]nness4 ,two riv]s1 swoll5 by late ra9s1 _h to be =d$4 ,?r\gh "o ( ^!1 ! ,foglia1 b>e-legg$ peasants l$ ! way4 ,! horses wad$ to _! bellies 9 ! tawny wat]4 ,!n m hills & vales2 gre5 nooks ) rippl+ corn-crops2 secul> oaks attir$ 9 gold5 leafage4 ,! cle> aft]noon air rang ) ! voices ( a ?\s& l>ks ov]head4 ,! :ole _w seem$ quiv]+ ) light & delicate e!real s\nd4 ,& yet my m9d turn$ irresi/ibly to ?\ghts ( w>1 viol5ce1 & pillage4 ,h[ (t5 has ?is int]m$iate l& be5 f\ght ov] by ,montefeltro & ,brancaleoni1 by ,borgia & ,malate/a1 by ,m$ici & ,della ,rov]e6 ,its contad9i are robu/ m51 almo/ /atuesque 9 build1 & beautiful ( feature4 ,no wond] t ! ,pr9ces ( ,urb9o1 ) su* mat]ials to draw f1 sold _! s]vice & _! troops to ,flor5ce1 ,rome1 ,s4 ,m>k1 & ,milan4 ,! be>+ ( ^! peasants is /ill soldi]ly & pr\d4 ,yet !y are n sull5 or =bidd+ l ! ,sicilians1 ^: habits ( life1 = ! re/1 mu* resemble !irs4 ,! villages1 !re z "h1 are few & f> betwe51 p]*$ high on rocks1 f :i* ! folk desc5d to till ! gr\nd & reap ! h>ve/4 ,b ! s\!rn brusqu]ie & brutality are abs5t f ?is di/rict4 ,! m5 h some?+ ( ! dignity & sl[-ey$ mildness ( _! own huge ox54 ,z ev5+ fell1 m solemn ,ap5n9es upre>$ !mselves to s\?w>d4 ,! ,monte d',asdrubale1 ,monte ,n]one1 & ,monte ,catria hove into sight4 ,at la/1 :5 light 0 dim1 a t[] rose above ! neighb\r+ ridge1 a brok5 outl9e ( "s city b>r$ ! sky-l9e4 ,urb9o /ood be=e u4 ,our long day's m>* 0 at an end4 ,! sunset 0 almo/ sp5t1 & a f\r days' moon hung above ! we/]n ,ap5n9es1 :5 we took our fir/ view ( ! palace4 ,x is a fancy-?rall+ "w ( wond] se5 9 t dim twilight2 l "s ca/le re>$ by ,atlante's magic = imprisonm5t ( ,ruggi]o1 or palace s\ght 9 fairyl& by ,a/olf w9d+ 8 en*ant$ horn4 ,:]e %all we f9d its l1 comb9+1 z x does1 ! buttress$ battlem5t$ bulk ( m$ival /rongholds ) ! airy balconies1 susp5d$ g>d5s1 & fanta/ic turrets ( ,italian pleasure-h\ses8 ,?is unique bl5d+ ( ! feudal pa/ ) ! ,r5aissance _s ( ! "t :5 x 0 built1 connects x ) ! art ( ,ario/o--or m exactly ) ,boi>do's epic4 ,duke ,f$]igo plann$ 8 palace at ,urb9o j at ! mom5t :5 ! ,c\nt ( ,sc&iano _h began to *aunt 8 lays ( ,rol& 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,f]r>a4 ,*ivalry1 transmut$ by ! ,italian g5ius into some?+ fanciful & qua9t1 surviv$ z a frail "w ( art4 ,! m5-at-arms ( ! ,condotti]i /ill glitt]$ 9 gild$ haub]ks4 ,_! helmets wav$ ) plumes & biz>re cre/s4 ,_! surcoats blaz$ ) h]aldries2 _! velvet caps ) m$als be>+ leg5d>y emblems4 ,! pomp & circum/ance ( feudal w> _h n yet yield$ to ! cannon ( ! ,gascon or ! ,switz]'s pike4 ,! fatal age ( =eign invasions _h n begun = ,italy4 ,)9 a few ye>s ,*>les ,,viii4's holiday excursion w\ld reveal ! int]nal rott5ness & weakness ( h] rival /ates1 & ! p59sula = half a c5tury to come w\ld be dr5*$ 9 ! blood ( ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 ,spani>ds1 fight+ = h] cities z _! prey4 ,b n[ ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici 0 /ill alive4 ,! fam\s policy :i* be>s 8 "n held ,italy susp5d$ = a gold5 "t 9 false tranquillity & indep5d5ce4 ,! pr9ces :o %>$ 8 culture & 8 love ( art 7 gradually pass+ into mod]n noblem51 ab&on+ ! savage feuds & passions ( m virile c5turies1 yield+ to luxury & s*ol>ly enjoym5ts4 ,! ca/les 7 becom+ c\rts1 & despotisms won by =ce 7 settl+ into dyna/ies4 ,x 0 j at ?is epo* t ,duke ,f$]igo built 8 ca/le at ,urb9o4 ,"o ( ! able/ & weal?ie/ ,condotti]i ( 8 "t1 "o ( ! be/ in/ruct$ & humane/ ( ,italian pr9ces1 he comb9$ 9 himself ! qualities :i* m>k t p]iod ( transition4 ,& ^! he impress$ ^u 8 dwell+-h\se1 :i* looks backw>d to ! m$ival =talice & =w>d to ! mod]n palace4 ,?is makes x ! j embodim5t 9 ar*itecture ( ,italian romance1 ! p]fect analogue ( ! ',orl&o ,innamorato4' ,by comp>+ x ) ! ca/le ( ! ,e/es at ,f]r>a & ! ,palazzo del ,te ( ! ,gonzagas at ,mantua1 we place x 9 its "r position betwe5 m$ival & ,r5aissance ,italy1 betwe5 ! age :5 pr9cipalities arose ^u ! ru9s ( comm]cial indep5d5ce & ! age :5 !y became dyna/ic "u ,spa94 ,! exig5cies ( ! gr\nd at 8 disposal =c$ ,f$]igo to give ! build+ an irregul> outl9e4 ,! f9e faade1 ) its embay$ loggie & flank+ turrets1 is plac$ too close ^u ! city ramp>ts = its due effect4 ,we are oblig$ to cross ! deep rav9e :i* sep>ates x f a l[] qu>t] ( ! t[n1 & take our /ation ne> ! ,oratory ( ,s4 ,giovanni ,batti/a1 be=e we c appreciate ! beauty ( its design1 or ! boldness ( ! gr\p x =ms ) ! ca!dral dome & t[] & ! squ>e masses ( num]\s out-build+s4 ,yet ?is peculi> position ( ! palace1 ?\gh baffl+ to a close obs]v] ( its details1 is "o ( s+ul> advantage to ! inhabitants4 ,set on ! v]ge ( ,urb9o's t[]+ em95ce1 x fronts a wave-toss$ sea ( vales & m\nta9 summits t[>d ! ris+ & ! sett+ sun4 ,!re is no?+ b illimitable air betwe5 ! t]races & loggias ( ! ,du*ess's ap>tm5ts & ! spread+ pyramid ( ,monte ,catria4 ,a nobl] sc5e is n[h]e swept f palace w9d[s ?an ?is1 :i* ,ca/iglione t\*$ 9 a memorable passage at ! end ( 8 ',cortegiano4' ,to "o :o 9 our day visits ,urb9o1 x is s+ul> h[ ! slight indications ( ?is sket*1 z 9 "s silh\ette1 br+ back ! antique life1 & l9k ! pres5t ) ! pa/--a h9t1 p]haps1 = retic5ce 9 our descriptions4 ,! g5tlem5 & ladies ( ! c\rt _h sp5t a summ] night 9 long debate on love1 ris+ to ! height ( my/ical ,platonic rapture on ! lips ( ,bembo1 :5 "o ( !m exclaim$1 ',! day has brok56' ',he po9t$ to ! light :i* 0 beg9n+ to ent] by ! fissures ( ! w9d[s4 ,:]eupon we flung ! casem5ts wide ^u t side ( ! palace :i* looks t[>d ! high peak ( ,monte ,catria1 & saw t a fair dawn ( rosy hue 0 born already 9 ! ea/]n skies1 & all ! />s _h vani%$ except ! sweet reg5t ( ! heav5 ( ,v5us1 :o holds ! bord]l&s ( day & night2 & f h] sph]e x seem$ z ?\gh a g5tle w9d 7 brea?+1 fill+ ! air ) eag] fre%ness1 & wak+ among ! num]\s woods ^u ! neighb\r+ hills ! sweet-ton$ symphonies ( joy\s birds4' ,,ii ,! ,h\se ( ,montefeltro rose into importance e>ly 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa erect$ _! fief into a c\nty 9 #aafj4 ,support$ by imp]ial fav\r1 !y began to ex]cise an undef9$ au?ority ov] ! di/rict1 :i* !y aft]w>ds conv]t$ into a du*y4 ,b1 ?\gh ,ghibell9e = sev]al g5]ations1 ! ,montefeltri 7 too ne> neighb\rs ( ! ,papal p[] to free !mselves f ecclesia/ical vassalage4 ,!re=e 9 #abaf !y s\ght & obta9$ ! title ( ,vic>s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,urb9o ackn[l$g$ !m z semi-despots 9 _! d\ble capacity ( ,imp]ial & ,papal deputies4 ,cagli & ,gubbio foll[$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! fifte5?1 ,ca/el ,durante 0 acquir$ f ! ,brancaleoni by w>f>e1 & ,fossombrone f ! ,malate/as by pur*ase4 ,num]\s fiefs & villages fell into _! h&s ^u ! bord]s ( ,rim9i 9 ! c\rse ( a cont9u$ /ruggle ) ! ,h\se ( ,malate/a3 & :5 ,fano & ,pes>o 7 add$ at ! op5+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! doma9 ov] :i* !y rul$ 0 a compact t]ritory1 "s =ty miles squ>e1 betwe5 ! ,adriatic & ! ,ap5n9es4 ,f ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury !y bore ! title ( ,c\nts ( ,urb9o4 ,! fam\s ,conte ,guido1 :om ,dante plac$ among ! fraudul5t 9 hell1 support$ ! hon\rs ( ! h\se & increas$ its p[] by 8 political action1 at ?is epo*4 ,b x 0 n until ! ye> #addc t ! ,montefeltri acquir$ _! ducal title4 ,?is 0 conf]r$ by ,eug5ius ,,iv4 ^u ,oddantonio1 ov] ^: alleg$ crimes & indubitable assass9ation a veil ( my/]y /ill hangs4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,c\nt ,guidantonio1 & at 8 dea? ! ,montefeltri ( ,urb9o 7 ext9ct 9 ! legitimate l9e4 ,a natural son ( ,guidantonio _h be51 h[ev]1 recognis$ 9 8 fa!r's lifetime1 & m>ri$ to ,g5tile1 heiress ( ,m]catello4 ,?is 0 ,f$]igo1 a y\? ( great promise1 :o succe$$ 8 half-bro!r 9 #addd z ,c\nt ( ,urb9o4 ,x 0 n until #adgd t ! ducal title 0 reviv$ = him4 ,duke ,fr$]ick 0 a pr9ce rem>kable among ,italian despots = private virtues & sob] use ( 8 h]$it>y p[]4 ,he sp5t 8 y\? at ,mantua1 9 t fam\s s*ool ( ,vittor9o da ,feltre1 :]e ! sons & daught]s ( ! fir/ ,italian nobility receiv$ a model education 9 humanities1 good mann]s1 & g5tle physical accompli%m5ts4 ,m ?an any ( 8 fell[-/ud5ts ,fr$]ick pr(it$ by ?is r>e s*ol>'s discipl9e4 ,on leav+ s*ool he adopt$ ! pr(ession ( arms1 z x 0 !n practis$1 & jo9$ ! troop ( ! ,condotti]e ,niccol ,picc99o4 ,"y m5 ( 8 own rank1 especially ! y\ng] sons & ba/>ds ( rul+ families1 s\ght milit>y s]vice "u capta9s ( adv5ture4 ,if !y succe$$ !y 7 sure to make money4 ,! c(f]s ( ! ,*ur* & ! republics lay op5 to _! n too scrupul\s h&s2 ! weal? ( ,milan & ,naples 0 squ&]$ on !m 9 reta9+-fees & sal>ies = active s]vice4 ,!re 0 always ! fur!r possibility ( plac+ a coronet ^u _! br[s be=e !y di$1 if haply !y %\ld wre/ a t[n f _! employ]s1 or obta9 ! cession ( a prov9ce f a ne$y ,pope4 ,! neighb\rs ( ! ,montefeltri 9 ,umbria1 ,romagna1 & ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona 7 all ( !m ,condotti]i4 ,malate/as ( ,rim9i & ,pes>o1 ,vitelli ( ,citt di ,ca/ello1 ,v>ani ( ,cam]9o1 ,baglioni ( ,p]ugia1 to m5tion only a few ( ! mo/ em95t nobles1 enroll$ !mselves "u ! bann]s ( plebeian adv5tur]s l ,picc99o & ,s=za ,att5dolo4 ,?\gh _! family connections gave !m a c]ta9 advantage1 ! sy/em 0 ess5tially democratic4 ,gattamelata & ,c>magnola sprang f obscurity by p]sonal address & c\rage to ! comm& ( armies4 ,colleoni f\ght 8 way up f ! grooms to pr9cely /ation & ! bton ( ,s4 ,m>k4 ,francesco ,s=za1 ^: fa!r _h begun life z a till] ( ! soil1 seiz$ ! ducal cr[n ( ,milan1 & f\nd$ a h\se :i* rank$ among ! fir/ 9 ,europe4 ,x is n ne$ful to foll[ ,duke ,fr$]ick 9 8 milit>y c>e]4 ,we may briefly rem>k t :5 he succe$$ to ,urb9o by 8 bro!r's dea? 9 #addd1 he und]took g5]al%ip on a gr& scale4 ,8 own dom9ions suppli$ him ) "s ( ! be/ troops 9 ,italy4 ,he 0 c>eful to secure ! goodwill ( 8 subjects by att5d+ p]sonally to _! int]e/s1 reliev+ !m ( impo/s1 & execut+ equal ju/ice4 ,he ga9$ ! !n unique reputation ( an hone/ pr9ce1 pat]nally dispos$ t[>d 8 dep5d5ts4 ,m5 flock$ to 8 /&>ds will+ly1 & he 0 able to br+ an important cont+5t into any army4 ,^! advantages secur$ = him alliances ) ,francesco ,s=za1 & br\ght him successively into connection ) ,milan1 ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 ! ,*ur* ( ,naples4 ,z a tactician 9 ! field he held high rank among ! g5]als ( ! age1 & s consid]able 7 8 engagem5ts t he acquir$ great weal? 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 pr(ession4 ,we f9d him at "o "t receiv+ #hjjj ducats a mon? z w>-pay f ,naples1 ) a peace p5sion ( #fjjj4 ,:ile ,capta9-,g5]al ( ! ,league1 he drew = 8 own use 9 w> #de1jjj ducats ( annual pay4 ,reta9+-fees & p5sions 9 ! "n ( pa/ s]vices swell$ 8 income1 ! exact ext5t ( :i* has n1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 be5 e/imat$1 b :i* mu/ h made him "o ( ! ri*e/ ( ,italian pr9ces4 ,all ?is weal? he sp5t ^u 8 du*y1 =tify+ & beautify+ its cities1 draw+ y\?s ( promise to 8 c\rt1 ma9ta9+ a great tra9 ( life1 & keep+ 8 vassals 9 good-hum\r by ! lightness ( a rule :i* contra/$ fav\rably ) ! exactions ( ne$i] despots4 ,:ile fight+ = ! ma/]s :o (f]$ him condotta 9 ! complicat$ w>s ( ,italy1 ,duke ,fr$]ick us$ 8 arms1 :5 occasion s]v$1 9 8 own qu>rels4 ,_m ye>s ( 8 life 7 sp5t 9 a prolong$ /ruggle ) 8 neighb\r ,sigismondo ,p&olfo ,malate/a1 ! biz>re & brilliant tyrant ( ,rim9i1 :o committ$ ! fatal error ( embroil+ himself beyond all hope ( p>don ) ! ,*ur*1 & :o di$ discomfit$ 9 ! duel ) 8 w>i] antagoni/4 ,urb9o pr(it$ by ea* mi/ake ( ,sigismondo1 & ! hi/ory ( ?is long desultory /rife ) ,rim9i is a hi/ory ( gradual aggr&isem5t & consolidation = ! ,montefeltrian du*y4 ,9 #adei ,duke ,fr$]ick m>ri$ 8 second wife1 ,batti/a1 daught] ( ,aless&ro ,s=za1 ,"l ( ,pes>o4 ,_! portraits1 pa9t$ by ,pi]o della ,francesca1 are to be se5 9 ! ,uffizzi at ,flor5ce4 ,"s ye>s e>li]1 ,fr$]ick lo/ 8 "r eye & _h ! bridge ( 8 nose brok5 9 a j\/+ mat* outside ! t[n-gate ( ,urb9o4 ,aft] ?is accid5t1 he pref]r$ to be repres5t$ 9 pr(ile--! pr(ile s well kn[n to /ud5ts ( ,italian art on m$als & basreliefs4 ,x 0 n )\t m$ical aid & v[s fulfill$ by a "m's self-sacrifice to dea?1 if we may tru/ ! di>i/s ( ,urb9o1 t ! ducal c\ple got an heir4 ,9 #adgb1 h[ev]1 a son 0 born to !m1 :om !y *ri/5$ ,guido ,paolo ,ubaldo4 ,he prov$ a y\? ( excell5t p>ts & noble nature--apt at /udy1 p]fect 9 all *ivalr\s accompli%m5ts4 ,b he inh]it$ "s fatal physical debility1 & 8 life 0 m>r$ ) a con/itutional disease1 :i* !n receiv$ ! "n ( g\t1 & :i* depriv$ him ( ! free use ( 8 limbs4 ,aft] 8 fa!r's dea? 9 #adhb1 ,naples1 ,flor5ce1 & ,milan cont9u$ ,fr$]ick's w> engagem5ts to ,guidobaldo4 ,! pr9ce 0 b a boy ( t54 ,!re=e ^! important condotte mu/ be reg>d$ z complim5ts & pl$ges = ! future4 ,!y prove to :at a pit* ,duke ,fr$]ick _h rais$ ! cr$it ( 8 /ate & w> e/abli%m5t4 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 ,guidobaldo m>ri$ ,elisabetta1 daught] ( ,francesco ,gonzaga1 ,m>quis ( ,mantua4 ,?is union1 ?\gh a happy "o1 0 nev] bless$ ) *ildr52 & 9 ! c]ta9ty ( b>r5ness1 ! "y ,duke ?\ght x prud5t to adopt a nephew z heir to 8 dom9ions4 ,he _h sev]al si/]s1 "o ( :om1 ,giovanna1 _h be5 m>ri$ to a nephew ( ,sixtus ,,iv41 ,giovanni della ,rov]e1 ,"l ( ,s9igaglia & ,prefect ( ,rome4 ,!y _h a son1 ,francesco ,m>ia1 :o1 aft] 8 adoption by ,guidobaldo1 sp5t 8 boyhood at ,urb9o4 ,! la/ ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 m>k$ by ! sudd5 rise ( ,ces>e ,borgia to a p[] :i* ?reat5$ ! lib]ties ( ,italy4 ,act+ z ,g5]al = ! ,*ur*1 he c>ri$ 8 arms aga9/ ! petty tyrants ( ,romagna1 :om he dispossess$ & extirpat$4 ,8 next move 0 ^u ,cam]9o & ,urb9o4 ,he fir/ acquir$ ,cam]9o1 hav+ lull$ ,guidobaldo into false security by trea*]\s pr(essions ( goodwill4 ,sudd5ly ! ,duke receiv$ intellig5ce t ! ,borgia 0 m>*+ on him ov] ,cagli4 ,?is 0 9 ! middle ( ,june #aejb4 ,x is difficult to compreh5d ! /ate ( weakness 9 :i* ,guidobaldo 0 surpris$1 or ! panic :i* !n seiz$ him4 ,he made no ef=ts to r\se 8 subjects to resi/ance1 b fl$ by night ) 8 nephew ?r\gh r\gh m\nta9 roads1 leav+ 8 capital & palace to ! m>aud]4 ,ces>e ,borgia took possession )\t /rik+ a bl[1 & remov$ ! treasures ( ,urb9o to ! ,vatican4 ,8 occupation ( ! du*y 0 n undi/urb$1 h[ev]2 = ! p rose 9 sev]al places aga9/ him1 prov+ t ,guidobaldo _h yield$ too ha/ily to al>m4 ,by ?is "t ! fugitive 0 safe 9 ,mantua1 :5ce he return$1 & = a %ort "t succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ himself aga9 at ,urb9o4 ,b he c\ld n hold 8 own aga9/ ! ,borgias1 & 9 ,decemb]1 by a treaty1 he resign$ 8 claims & retir$ to ,v5ice1 :]e he liv$ ^u ! b\nty ( ,s4 ,m>k4 ,x mu/ be said1 9 ju/ice to ! ,duke1 t 8 con/itutional debility r5d]$ him unfit = active op]ations 9 ! field4 ,p]haps he c\ld n h done bett] ?an ?us to b5d b5ea? ! /orm4 ,! sudd5 dea? ( ,alex&] ,,vi4 & ! election ( a ,della ,rov]e to ! ,papacy 9 #aejc *ang$ ,guidobaldo's prospects4 ,julius ,,ii4 0 ! sworn foe ( ! ,borgias & ! close k9sman ( ,urb9o's heir4 ,x 0 !re=e easy = ! ,duke to walk into 8 empty palace on ! hill1 & to re9/ate himself 9 ! doma9s f :i* he _h s rec5tly be5 ou/$4 ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 ! retirem5t ( 8 c\rt1 surr\nd$ ) ! f9e/ s*ol>s & ! noble/ g5tlem5 ( ,italy4 ,! ill-heal? :i* deb>r$ him f ! active pleasures & employm5ts ( 8 /ation1 0 borne ) uni=m sweetness ( temp] & philosophy4 ,:5 he di$1 9 #aejh1 8 nephew1 ,francesco ,m>ia della ,rov]e1 succe$$ to ! du*y1 & once m made ! palace ( ,urb9o ! resort ( m5-at-arms & capta9s4 ,he 0 a pr9ce ( v viol5t temp]3 ( its extravagance hi/ory has record$ ?ree rem>kable examples4 ,he murd]$ ! ,c>d9al ( ,pavia ) 8 own h& 9 ! /reets ( ,rav5na2 /abb$ a lov] ( 8 si/] to dea? at ,urb9o2 & 9 a c\ncil ( w> knock$ ,francesco ,guicci>d9i d[n ) a bl[ ( 8 fi/4 ,:5 ! hi/ory ( ,italy came to be writt51 ,guicci>d9i 0 probably m9dful ( t insult1 = he pa9t$ ,francesco ,m>ia's "* & conduct 9 d>k col\rs4 ,at ! same "t ?is ,duke ( ,urb9o pass$ = "o ( ! fir/ g5]als ( ! age4 ,! greate/ /a9 ^u 8 memory is 8 behavi\r 9 ! ye> #aebg1 :51 by dilatory conduct ( ! campaign 9 ,lomb>dy1 he suff]$ ! passage ( ,frundsb]g's army unoppos$1 & aft]w>ds hesitat$ to relieve ,rome f ! horrors ( ! sack4 ,he 0 ! la/ ,italian ,condotti]e ( ! antique type2 & ! vices :i* ,ma*iavelli expos$ 9 t bad sy/em ( m]c5>y w>f>e 7 illu/rat$ on ^! occasions4 ,dur+ 8 lifetime1 ! conditions ( ,italy 7 s *ang$ by ,*>les ,v4's imp]ial settlem5t 9 #aecj1 t ! occupation ( ,condotti]e ceas$ to h any mean+4 ,/rozzi & ,f>nesi1 :o aft]w>ds foll[$ ?is pr(ession1 enli/$ 9 ! ranks ( ,france or ,spa91 & won _! laurels 9 ,nor!rn ,europe4 ,:ile ,leo ,x4 held ! ,papal *air1 ! du*y ( ,urb9o 0 = a :ile wre/$ f ! h\se ( ,della ,rov]e1 & conf]r$ ^u ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici4 ,francesco ,m>ia made a bett] fight = 8 h]itage ?an ,guidobaldo _h done4 ,yet he c\ld n successfully resi/ ! p[] ( ,rome4 ,! ,pope 0 ready to sp5d enorm\s sums ( money on ?is petty w>2 ! ,duke's purse 0 %ort]1 & ! m]c5>y troops he 0 oblig$ to use1 prov$ wor?less 9 ! field4 ,spani>ds1 = ! mo/ "p1 pitt$ aga9/ ,spani>ds1 !y suff]$ ! campaigns to deg5]ate into a gu]illa w>f>e ( pillage & reprisals4 ,9 #aeag ! du*y 0 =mally c$$ to ,lor5zo4 ,b ?is ,m$ici did n live long to enjoy x1 & 8 only *ild ,ca!r9e1 ! future ,que5 ( ,france1 nev] ex]cis$ ! rights :i* _h devolv$ ^u h] by inh]itance4 ,! %ift+ sc5e ( ,italy beheld ,francesco ,m>ia re9/at$ 9 ,urb9o aft] ,leo's dea? 9 #aebb4 ,?is ,duke m>ri$ ,leonora ,gonzaga1 a pr9cess ( ! ,h\se ( ,mantua4 ,_! portraits1 pa9t$ by ,titian1 adorn ! ,v5etian room ( ! ,uffizzi4 ,( _! son1 ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 little ne$ be said4 ,he 0 twice m>ri$1 fir/ to ,giulia ,v>ano1 ,du*ess by inh]itance ( ,cam]9o2 secondly1 to ,vittoria ,f>nese1 daught] ( ! ,duke ( ,p>ma4 ,guidobaldo sp5t a lifetime 9 petty qu>rels ) 8 subjects1 :om he treat$ badly1 attempt+ to draw f _! pockets ! weal? :i* 8 fa!r & ! ,montefeltri _h won 9 milit>y s]vice4 ,he int]v5$ at an awkw>d p]iod ( ,italian politics4 ,! old ,italy ( despots1 commonweal?s1 & ,condotti]i1 9 :i* 8 pr$ecessors play$ sub/antial p>ts1 0 at an end4 ,! new ,italy ( ,popes & ,au/ro-,spani% dyna/ies _h h>dly settl$ into %ape4 ,betwe5 ^! epo*s1 ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 ( :om we h a dim & hazy pres5tation on ! page ( hi/ory1 seems someh[ to h fall5 flat4 ,z a sign ( alt]$ circum/ances1 he remov$ 8 c\rt to ,pes>o1 & built ! great palace ( ! ,della ,rov]es ^u ! public squ>e4 ,guidobaldaccio1 z he 0 call$1 di$ 9 #aegd1 leav+ an only son1 ,francesco ,m>ia ,,ii41 ^: life & "* illu/rate ! new age :i* _h begun = ,italy4 ,he 0 educat$ 9 ,spa9 at ! c\rt ( ,philip ,,ii41 :]e he sp5t m ?an two ye>s4 ,:5 he return$1 8 ,spani% haught9ess1 punctili\s att5tion to etiquette1 & sup]/iti\s piety attract$ obs]vation4 ,! viol5t temp] ( ! ,della ,rov]es1 :i* ,francesco ,m>ia ,i4 display$ 9 acts ( homicide1 & :i* _h help$ to w9 8 bad "n = ,guidobaldaccio1 took ! =m ( sull5ness 9 ! la/ ,duke4 ,! f9e/ episode 9 8 life 0 ! "p he play$ 9 ! battle ( ,lepanto1 "u 8 old comrade1 ,don ,john ( ,au/ria4 ,8 fa!r =c$ him to an uncong5ial m>riage ) ,lucrezia d',e/e1 ,pr9cess ( ,f]r>a4 ,%e left him1 & took refuge 9 h] native city1 !n hon\r$ by ! pres5ce ( ,tasso & ,gu>9i4 ,he bore h] dep>ture ) philosophical composure1 record+ ! ev5t 9 8 di>y z some?+ to be dryly grateful =4 ,left alone1 ! ,duke ab&on$ himself to solitude1 religi\s ex]cises1 hunt+1 & ! economy ( 8 impov]i%$ dom9ions4 ,he became t curi\s creature1 a man ( n>r[ nature & m$iocre capacity1 :o1 d$icat$ to ! cult ( self1 is fa9 to pass = sa9t & sage 9 easy circum/ances4 ,he m>ri$1 = ! second "t1 a lady1 ,livia della ,rov]e1 :o belong$ to 8 own family1 b _h be5 born 9 private /ation4 ,%e br\ght him "o son1 ! ,pr9ce ,f$]igo-,ubaldo4 ,?is y\? might h su/a9$ ! ducal hon\rs ( ,urb9o1 b = 8 sage-sa9t fa!r's want ( wisdom4 ,! boy 0 a spoil$ *ild 9 infancy4 ,inflat$ ) ,spani% vanity f ! cradle1 taught to reg>d 8 subjects z dep5d5ts on a despot's w1 ab&on$ to ! caprices ( 8 own ungov]nable temp]1 )\t sub/antial aid f ! pat]nal piety or /oicism1 he rapidly became a mo/ intol]able pr9cel+4 ,8 fa!r m>ri$ him1 :ile yet a boy1 to ,claudia de' ,m$ici1 & virtually abdicat$ 9 8 fav\r4 ,left to 8 own devices1 ,f$]igo *ose companions f ! tr\pes ( play]s :om he drew f ,v5ice4 ,he fill$ 8 palaces ) h>lots1 & degrad$ himself ^u ! /age 9 p>ts ( mean buffoon]y4 ,! res\rces ( ! du*y 7 rack$ to support ^! p>asites4 ,spani% rules ( etiquette & c]emony 7 outrag$ by _! orgies4 ,8 bride br\ght him "o daught]1 ,vittoria1 :o aft]w>ds became ! wife ( ,f]d9&1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany4 ,!n 9 ! mid/ ( 8 l[ dissipation & (f5ces aga9/ ducal dignity1 he di$ ( apoplexy at ! e>ly age ( eighte5--! victim1 9 ! sev]e judgm5t ( hi/ory1 ( 8 fa!r's selfi%ness & want ( practical ability4 ,?is happ5$ 9 #afbc4 ,francesco ,m>ia 0 /unn$ by ! bl[4 ,8 )drawal f ! duties ( ! sov]eignty 9 fav\r ( su* a son _h prov$ a con/itutional unfitness = ! duties ( 8 /ation4 ,! life he lov$ 0 "o ( seclusion 9 a r\nd ( pi\s ex]cises1 petty /udies1 p$dl+ economies1 & me*anical amusem5ts4 ,a p[]ful & grasp+ ,pope 0 on ! ?rone ( ,rome4 ,urban at ?is juncture press$ ,francesco ,m>ia h>d2 & 9 #afbd ! la/ ,duke ( ,urb9o devolv$ 8 lord%ips to ! ,holy ,see4 ,he surviv$ ! =mal act ( abdication sev5 ye>s2 :5 he di$1 ! ,pontiff add$ 8 du*y to ! ,papal ,/ates1 :i* !nce=? /ret*$ f ,naples to ! b\nds ( ,v5ice on ! ,po4 ,,iii ,duke ,fr$]ick began ! palace at ,urb9o 9 #aded1 :5 he 0 /ill only ,c\nt4 ,! ar*itect 0 ,luziano ( ,lauranna1 a ,dalmatian2 & ! beautiful :ite lime/one1 h>d z m>ble1 us$ 9 ! con/ruction1 0 br\ght f ! ,dalmatian coa/4 ,?is /one1 l ! ,i/rian /one ( ,v5etian build+s1 takes & reta9s ! *isel m>k ) wond]ful precision4 ,x looks z ?\gh1 :5 fre%1 x mu/ h _h ! pliancy ( clay1 s delicately are ! f9e/ curves 9 scroll or foliage scoop$ f its sub/ance4 ,& yet x pres]ves ea* cusp & angle ( ! mo/ elaborate patt]n ) ! crispness & ! %>pness ( a cry/al4 ,:5 wr\ght by a clev] craftsman1 its surface has nei!r ! wax9ess ( ,p>ian1 nor ! brittle edge ( ,c>r>a m>ble2 & x resi/s wea!r bett] ?an m>ble ( ! *oice/ quality4 ,?is may be obs]v$ 9 _m monum5ts ( ,v5ice1 :]e ! /one has be5 long expos$ to sea-air4 ,^! qualities ( ! ,dalmatian lime/one1 no less ?an its agreeable creamy hue & smoo? dull poli%1 adapt x to decoration 9 l[ relief4 ,! mo/ attractive details 9 ! palace at ,urb9o are friezes c>v$ ( ?is mat]ial 9 *oice designs ( e>ly ,r5aissance dignity & grace4 ,"o *imney-piece 9 ! ,sala degli ,angeli des]ves especial comm5t4 ,a frieze ( danc+ ,cupids1 ) gilt hair & w+s1 _! nak$ bodies left :ite on a gr\nd ( ultram>9e1 is support$ by broad flat pila/]s4 ,^! are engrav$ ) *ildr5 hold+ pots ( fl[]s2 roses on "o side1 c>nations on ! o!r4 ,above ! frieze ano!r pair ( angels1 "o at ea* end1 hold light$ tor*es2 & ! pyramidal cap ( ! *imney is c>v$ ) two m1 fly+1 & support+ ! eagle ( ! ,montefeltri on a rais$ m$allion4 ,?r\gh\t ! palace we notice emblems appropriate to ! ,h\ses ( ,montefeltro & ,della ,rov]e3 _! arms1 ?ree gold5 b5ds ^u a field ( azure3 ! ,imp]ial eagle1 grant$ :5 ,montefeltro 0 made a fief ( ! ,empire3 ! ,g>t] ( ,engl&1 worn by ! ,dukes ,f$]igo & ,guidobaldo3 ! erm9e ( ,naples3 ! v5tosa1 or cupp+-glass1 adopt$ = a private badge by ,fr$]ick3 ! gold5 oak-tree on an azure field ( ,della ,rov]e3 ! palm-tree1 b5t b5ea? a block ( /one1 ) its accompany+ motto1 ,incl9ata ,resurgam3 ! ciph]1 ,,fe ,,dx4 ,pr(ile m$allions ( ,f$]igo & ,guidobaldo1 wr\ght 9 ! l[e/ possible relief1 adorn ! /aircases4 ,r\nd ! great c\rty>d runs a frieze ( milit>y eng9es & ensigns1 trophies1 ma*9es1 & implem5ts ( w>1 allud+ to ,duke ,fr$]ick's pr(ession ( ,condotti]e4 ,! doorways are enri*$ ) scrolls ( heavy-head$ fl[]s1 acan?us foliage1 honeysuckles1 ivy-b]ries1 birds & boys & sph9xes1 9 all ! riot ( ,r5aissance fancy4 ,?is pr(usion ( sculptur$ rilievo is ne>ly all t rema9s to %[ h[ ri* ! palace 0 9 ?+s ( beauty4 ,ca/iglione1 writ+ 9 ! reign ( ,guidobaldo1 says t '9 ! op9ion ( _m x is ! faire/ to be f\nd 9 ,italy2 & ! ,duke fill$ x s well ) all ?+s fitt+ its magnific5ce1 t x seem$ less l a palace ?an a city4 ,n only did he collect articles ( common use1 vessels ( silv]1 & trapp+s = *amb]s ( r>e clo?s ( gold & silk1 & su*like furniture1 b he add$ multitudes ( bronze & m>ble /atues1 exquisite pictures1 & in/rum5ts ( music ( all sorts4 ,!re 0 no?+ b 0 ( ! f9e/ & mo/ excell5t quality to be se5 !re4 ,moreov]1 he ga!r$ toge!r at a va/ co/ a l>ge numb] ( ! be/ & r>e/ books 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,hebrew1 all ( :i* he adorn$ ) gold & silv]1 e/eem+ !m ! *iefe/ treasure ( 8 spaci\s palace4' ,:5 ,ces>e ,borgia ent]$ ,urb9o z conqu]or 9 #aejb1 he is said to h c>ri$ (f loot to ! value ( #aej1jjj ducats1 or p]haps ab\t a qu>t] ( a million /]l+4 ,vespasiano1 ! ,flor5t9e booksell]1 has left u a m9ute acc\nt ( ! =mation ( ! fam\s libr>y ( manuscripts1 :i* he valu$ at consid]ably ov] #cj1jjj ducats4 ,yet w&]+ n[ ?r\gh ^! des]t$ halls1 we seek 9 va9 = furniture or tape/ry or works ( art4 ,! books h be5 remov$ to ,rome4 ,! pictures are gone1 no man kn[s :i!r4 ,! plate has long be5 melt$ d[n4 ,! in/rum5ts ( music are brok54 ,if frescoes adorn$ ! corridors1 !y h be5 :itewa%$2 ! ladies' *amb]s h be5 /ripp$ ( _! ri* arras4 ,only "h & !re we f9d a raft]$ ceil+1 pa9t$ 9 fad+ col\rs1 :i*1 tak5 ) ! /onework ( ! *imney1 & "s fragm5ts ( inlaid panel-"w on door or w9d[1 enables u to recon/ruct ! =m] ri*ness ( ^! pr9cely rooms4 ,exception mu/ be made 9 fav\r ( two ap>tm5ts betwe5 ! t[]s ^u ! s\!rn facade4 ,^! 7 app>5tly ! private rooms ( ! ,duke & ,du*ess1 & !y are /ill approa*$ by a great w9d+ /aircase 9 "o ( ! torric9i4 ,adorn$ 9 inde/ructible or irremovable mat]ials1 !y reta9 "s traces ( _! anci5t spl5d\r4 ,on ! fir/ floor1 op5+ on ! vault$ loggia1 we f9d a little *apel encru/$ ) lovely "w 9 /ucco & m>ble2 friezes ( bulls1 sph9xes1 sea-horses1 & foliage2 ) a l[ relief ( ,madonna & ,*ild 9 ! mann] ( ,m9o da ,fiesole4 ,close by is a small /udy ) inscriptions to ! ,muses & ,apollo4 ,! cab9et connect+ ^! two cells has a ,lat9 leg5d1 to say t ,religion "h dwells ne> ! temple ( ! lib]al arts3 ,b9a vides p>vo discrim9e juncta sacella1 ,alt]a p>s ,musis alt]a sacra ,deo e/4 ,on ! floor above1 correspond+ 9 position to ?is ap>tm5t1 is a second1 ( ev5 great] int]e/1 s9ce x 0 arrang$ by ! ,duke ,fr$]ick = 8 own retreat4 ,! /udy is panell$ 9 t>sia ( beautiful design & execution4 ,?ree ( ! l>g] comp>tm5ts %[ ,fai?1 ,hope1 & ,*>ity2 figures n unwor?y ( a ,botticelli or a ,filipp9o ,lippi4 ,! occupations ( ! ,duke are repres5t$ on a small] scale by arm\r1 btons ( comm&1 sci5tific in/rum5ts1 lutes1 viols1 & books1 "s op5 & "s %ut4 ,! ,bible1 ,hom]1 ,virgil1 ,s5eca1 ,tacitus1 & ,cic]o1 are lett]$2 app>5tly to indicate 8 fav\rite au?ors4 ,! ,duke himself1 array$ 9 8 /ate robes1 occupies a f\r? great panel2 & ! :ole ( ?is elaborate composition is h>monis$ by emblems1 badges1 & occasional devices ( birds1 articles ( furniture1 & s =?4 ,! t>sia1 or inlaid wood ( diff]5t k9ds & col\rs1 is among ! be/ 9 ?is k9d ( art to be f\nd 9 ,italy1 ?\gh p]haps x h>dly des]ves to rank ) ! celebrat$ *oir-/alls ( ,b]gamo & ,monte ,oliveto4 ,h>d by is a *apel1 adorn$1 l ! l[] "o1 ) excell5t reliefs4 ,! loggia to :i* ^! rooms h access looks across ! ,ap5n9es1 & d[n on :at 0 once a private g>d54 ,x is n[ enclos$ & pav$ = ! ex]cise ( prison]s :o are conf9$ 9 "o "p ( ! desecrat$ palace6 ,a portion ( ! pile is devot$ to m wor?y purposes2 = ! ,academy ( ,raphael "h holds its sitt+s1 & pres]ves a collection ( curiosities & books illu/rative ( ! great pa9t]'s life & works4 ,!y h rec5tly plac$ 9 a t9y oratory1 scoop$ by ,guidobaldo ,,ii4 f ! ?ickness ( ! wall1 a ca/ ( ,raphael's skull1 :i* w be /udi$ ) int]e/ & v5]ation4 ,x has ! f95ess ( modell+ comb9$ ) %apel9ess ( =m & smallness ( scale :i* is said to h *>act]is$ ,moz>t & ,%elley4 ,! impression left ^u ! m9d aft] trav]s+ ?is palace 9 its l5g? & bread? is "o ( we>9ess & disappo9tm5t4 ,h[ %all we recon/ruct ! long-pa/ life :i* fill$ its rooms ) s\nd1 ! spl5d\r ( its pageants1 ! ?rill ( trag$ies enact$ "h8 ,x is n difficult to cr[d its doors & vacant spaces ) liv]i$ s]vants1 slim pages 9 tight hose1 ^: well-comb$ hair escapes f t9y caps ^u _! silk5 %\ld]s4 ,we may ev5 replace ! tape/ries ( ,troy :i* hung "o hall1 & build aga9 ! sidebo>ds ) _! emboss$ gild$ plate4 ,b are ^! *amb]s really ^? :]e ,emilia ,pia held debate on love ) ,bembo & ,ca/iglione2 :]e ,bibbi5a's witticisms & ,fra ,s]af9o's pranks rais$ smiles on c\rtly lips2 :]e ,b]n>do ,accolti1 '! ,unique1' declaim$ 8 v]ses to applaud+ cr[ds8 ,is x possible t into yond] hall1 :]e n[ ! lion ( ,s4 ,m>k looks d[n alone on />+ desolation1 /rode ! ,borgia 9 all 8 panoply ( w>1 a gild$ glitt]+ dragon1 & f ! dais tore ! ,montefeltri's ?rone1 & f ! arras /ripp$ _! ensigns1 replac+ ^! ) 8 own ,bull & ,val5t9us ,dux8 ,"h ,tasso tun$ 8 lyre = ,francesco ,m>ia's w$d+-fea/1 & read ',am9ta' to ,lucrezia d',e/e4 ,"h ,guidobaldo li/5$ to ! je/s & :isp]$ sc&als ( ! ,aret9e4 ,"h ,titian set 8 easel up to pa9t2 "h ! boy ,raphael1 cap 9 h&1 took sign$ & seal$ cr$5tials f 8 ,du*ess to ! ,gonfaloni] ( ,flor5ce4 ,some:]e 9 ^! huge *amb]s1 ! c\rti]s sat be=e a tor*-lit /age1 :5 ,bibbi5a's ',cal&ria' & ,caetiglione's ',tirsi1' ) _! miracles ( masques & mumm]s1 :il$ ! night away4 ,some:]e1 we "k n :]e1 ,giuliano de' ,m$ici made love 9 ^! b>e rooms to t my/]i\s "m ( ill-fat$ ,c>d9al ,ippolito2 some:]e1 9 "s d>k] nook1 ! ba/>d ,aless&ro sprang to 8 /range-=tun$ life ( tyranny & lic5se1 :i* ,brutus-,lor5z9o cut %ort ) a traitor's poign>d-?ru/ 9 ,via ,l>ga4 ,h[ _m m51 illu/ri\s = arts & lett]s1 memorable by _! virtues or _! crimes1 h trod ^! sil5t corridors1 f ! great ,pope ,julius d[n to ,james ,,iii41 self-titl$ ,k+ ( ,engl&1 :o t>ri$ "h ) ,clem5t9a ,sobieski ?r\gh "s twelve mon?s ( 8 ex-royal exile6 ,! memories ( all ?is folk1 fl[n gue/s & ma/]s ( ! /ill-abid+ palace-*amb]s1 haunt u z we hurry ?r\gh4 ,!y are b filmy %ad[s4 ,we _c grasp !m1 localise !m1 p surr\nd+ empt9ess ) m ?an )]+ cobweb =ms4 ,dea? takes a /rong] hold on u ?an bygone life4 ,!re=e1 return+ to ! va/ ,?rone-room1 we animate x ) "o sc5e x witness$ on an ,april night 9 #aejh4 ,duke ,guidobaldo _h di$ at ,fossombrone1 repeat+ to 8 fri5ds ar\nd 8 b$ ^! l9es ( ,virgil3 ,me circum limus nig] et de=mis arundo ,cocyti t>daque palus inamabilis unda ,alligat1 et novies ,/yx int]fusa co]cet4 ,8 body _h be5 c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( s]vants ?r\gh ^? m\nta9 ways at night1 amid ! lam5tations ( ga!r+ multitudes & ! bay+ ( dogs f hill-set f>ms al>m$ by fl>+ flambeaux4 ,n[ x is laid 9 /ate 9 ! great hall4 ,! dais & ! ?rone are drap$ 9 black4 ,! arms & btons ( 8 fa!r hang ab\t ! doorways4 ,8 own ensigns are display$ 9 gr\ps & trophies1 ) ! bann]s ( ,s4 ,m>k1 ! ,montefeltrian eagle1 & ! cross keys ( ,s4 ,pet]4 ,! hall itself is vacant1 save = ! high-re>$ catafalque ( sable velvet & gold damask1 surr\nd$ ) wax c&les burn+ /eadily4 ,r\nd x passes a ceaseless /ream ( p1 com+ & go+1 gaz+ at _! ,duke4 ,he is attir$ 9 crimson hose & d\blet ( black damask4 ,black velvet slipp]s are on 8 feet1 & 8 ducal cap is ( black velvet4 ,! mantle ( ! ,g>t]1 made ( d>k-blue ,alex&r9e velvet1 hood$ ) crimson1 l9$ ) :ite silk damask1 & embroid]$ ) ! badge1 drapes ! /iff sleep+ =m4 ,x is easi] to conjure up ! pa/ ( ?is great palace1 /roll+ r\nd x 9 free air & twilight2 p]haps because ! l&scape & ! life /ill mov+ on ! city /reets br+ its ext]ior into h>mony ) real exi/5ce4 ,! s\!rn faade1 ) its vault$ balconies & flank+ t[]s1 takes ! fancy1 fasc9ates ! eye1 & l5ds itself z a fit /age = puppets ( ! mus+ m9d4 ,once m imag9ation plants trim orange-trees 9 giant j>s ( ,gubbio w>e ^u ! pavem5t :]e ! g>d5 ( ! ,du*ess lay--! pavem5t pac$ 9 ^! bad days by convicts 9 grey canvas jackets--t pavem5t :]e ,monsignor ,bombo c\rt$ 'de> dead wom5' ) ,platonic phrase1 smo!r+ ! ,m5ta ( 8 natural man 9 lettuce cull$ f ,academe & ?yme ( ,m\nt ,hymettus4 ,9 yond] loggia1 lift$ above ! g>d5 & ! c\rt1 two lov]s are 9 e>ne/ conv]se4 ,!y lean b5ea? ! c(f]$ ar*1 aga9/ ! m>ble ( ! balu/rade1 he f+]+ 8 dagg] "u ! d>k velvet d\blet1 %e play+ ) a clove c>nation1 deep z h] own %ame4 ,! man is ,giann&rea1 broad-%\ld]$ bravo ( ,v]ona1 ,duke ,guidobaldo's fav\rite & c>pet-c\nt4 ,! lady is ,madonna ,m>ia1 daught] ( ,rome's ,prefect1 wid[ ( ,v5anzio ,v>ano1 :om ! ,borgia /rangl$4 ,on _! disc\rse a tale w hang ( woman's frailty & man's boldness--,cam]9o's ,du*ess yield+ to a l[-born suitor's /alw>t *>ms4 ,& m w foll[1 :5 t lady's bro!r1 furi\s ,francesco ,m>ia della ,rov]e1 %all /ab ! bravo 9 tor*-litt5 palace rooms ) tw5ty poign>d /rokes 'twixt wai/ & ?roat1 & _! ,p&>us %all be s5t d[n to 8 acc\nt by a v>let's coltellata ?r\gh ! midriff4 ,imag9ation %ifts ! sc5e1 & %[s 9 t same loggia ,rome's w>like ,pope1 att5d$ by 8 c>d9als & all ,urb9o's *ivalry4 ,! sn[y be>d ( ,julius fl[s d[n ^u 8 brea/1 :]e jewels clasp ! crimson mantle1 z 9 ,raphael's picture4 ,8 eyes are bright ) w9e2 = he has come to gaze on sunset f ! banquet-*amb]1 & to wat* ! l9e ( lamps :i* soon w leap along t palace cornice 9 8 hon\r4 ,beh9d him lies ,bologna humbl$4 ,! ,pope returns1 a conqu]or1 to ,rome4 ,yet once aga9 imag9ation is at "w4 ,a gaunt1 bald man1 close-habit$ 9 ,spani% black1 8 sp>e1 f9e features c>v$ 9 pure/ ivory1 leans f t balcony4 ,gaz+ ) holl[ eyes1 he tracks ! swall[s 9 _! flight1 & notes t w9t] is at h&4 ,?is is ! la/ ,duke ( ,urb9o1 ,francesco ,m>ia ,,ii41 he ^: "y wife des]t$ him1 :o made = himself alone a h]mit-p$ant's r\nd ( petty c>es & nigg>d av>ice & mean-bra9$ sup]/ition4 ,he drew a second consort f ! conv5t1 & rais$ up se$ unto 8 l9e by =e?\ght1 b beheld 8 pr9cel+ fade untimely 9 ! bloom ( boyhood4 ,no?+ is left b solitude4 ,to ! mortma9 ( ! ,*ur* rev]ts ,urb9o's lord%ip1 & ev5 n[ he m$itates ! t]ms ( devolution4 ,jesuits clu/] 9 ! rooms beh9d1 ) com=t = ! ducal s\l & calculations = ! int]e/s ( ,holy ,see4 ,a f>ewell to ^! memories ( ,urb9o's duk$om %\ld be tak5 9 ! crypt ( ! ca!dral1 :]e ,francesco ,m>ia ,,ii41 ! la/ ,duke1 buri$ 8 only son & all 8 temporal hopes4 ,! place is sc>cely solemn4 ,its dre>y b>occo emblems m> ! dignity ( dea?4 ,a bulky ,piet by ,gian ,bologna1 ) ,madonna's face unf9i%$1 t[]s up & cr[ds ! n>r[ cell4 ,religion has evani%$ f ?is late ,r5aissance art1 nor has ! aft]gl[ ( ,guido ,r5i's hectic piety yet ov]flu%$ x4 ,*ill$ by ! /ifl+ humid s5se ( an ext9ct race "h entomb$ 9 its la/ repres5tative1 we gladly em]ge f ! sepul*ral vault into ! air ( day4 ,filippo ,visconti1 ) a smile on 8 h&some face1 is wait+ = u at ! inn4 ,8 horses1 sleek1 well f$1 & re/$1 toss _! heads impati5tly4 ,we take our seats 9 ! c>riage1 op5 wide b5ea? a sp>kl+ sky1 :irl pa/ ! palace & its gho/-l recollections1 & are halfway on ! road to ,fossombrone 9 a cl\d ( du/ & :irr ( :eels be=e we ?9k ( look+ back to greet ,urb9o4 ,!re is j "t4 ,! la/ decisive turn+ lies 9 front4 ,we /& b>ehead$ to salute ! grey mass ( build+s ridg$ along ! sky4 ,!n ! op5 road invites u ) its v>i$ sc5]y & movem5t4 ,f ! %ad[y pa/ we drive into ! _w ( human ?+s1 = ev] *angefully un*ang$1 unre/fully ! same4 ,?is int]*ange betwe5 dead memories & pres5t life is ! delight ( travel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vittoria ,,accoramboni ,,& ,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,web/] ,i ,dur+ ! pontificate ( ,gregory ,,xiii4 7#aegb-he71 ,papal au?ority 9 ,rome rea*$ its l[e/ po9t ( weakness1 & ! anci5t spl5d\r ( ! ,papal c\rt 0 well-nigh eclips$4 ,art & le>n+ _h di$ out4 ,! traditions ( ! days ( ,leo1 ,julius1 & ,paul ,,iii4 7 =gott54 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ! g5ius ( ! ,r5aissance _h migrat$ across ! ,alps4 ,all ! p[]s ( ! ,papacy 7 direct$ to ! suppression ( h]esies & to ! re-e/abli%m5t ( spiritual supremacy ov] ! intellect ( ,europe4 ,mean:ile society 9 ,rome return$ to m$ival b>b>ism4 ,! v5e] ( classical ref9em5t & humani/ic urbanity1 :i* = a "t _h hidd5 ! natural savag]y ( ! ,roman nobles1 wore away4 ,! ,holy ,city became a d5 ( b&its2 ! t]ritory ( ! ,*ur* suppli$ a battle-gr\nd = s5seless p>ty /rife1 :i* ! weak old man :o wore ! triple cr[n 0 q unable to control4 ,x is relat$ h[ a robb] *iefta91 ,m>ianazzo1 refus$ ! (f] ( a g5]al p>don f ! ,pope1 alleg+ t ! pr(ession ( brig& 0 f> m lucrative1 & (f]$ great] security ( life1 ?an any trade )9 ! walls ( ,rome4 ,! ,campagna1 ! ru9$ citadels ab\t ! basem5ts ( ! ,sab9e & ,cim9ian hills1 ! qu>t]s ( ! ari/ocracy )9 ! city1 sw>m$ ) bravos1 :o 7 protect$ by great nobles & f$ by dec5t citiz5s = ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! assi/ance ( ab&on$ & c\rage\s ruffians4 ,life1 inde$1 _h become impossible )\t fix$ compact ) ! p[]s ( lawlessness4 ,!re 0 h>dly a family 9 ,rome :i* did n numb] "s notori\s crim9al among ! outlaws4 ,murd]1 sacrilege1 ! love ( adv5ture1 ?ir/ = plund]1 pov]ty1 ho/ility to ! asc5dant faction ( ! mom5t1 7 common causes ( volunt>y or involunt>y outlawry2 nor did public op9ion reg>d a b&it's call+ z o!r ?an hon\rable4 ,x may readily be imag9$ t 9 su* a /ate ( society ! grislie/ trag$ies 7 common en\gh 9 ,rome4 ,! hi/ory ( "s ( ^! has be5 pres]v$ to u 9 docum5ts dige/$ f public trials & p]sonal obs]vation by contempor>y writ]s4 ,t ( ! ,c5ci1 9 :i* a notori\s act ( p>ricide furni%$ ! plot ( a popul> novella1 is well kn[n4 ,& su* a trag$y1 ev5 m rife 9 *>act]i/ic incid5ts1 & m di/+ui%$ by ! quality ( its dramatis p]son1 is t ( ,vittoria ,accoramboni4 ,vittoria 0 born 9 #aeeg1 ( a noble b impov]i%$ family1 at ,gubbio1 among ! hills ( ,umbria4 ,h] biograph]s are raptur\s 9 _! praises ( h] beauty1 grace1 & exce$+ *>m ( mann]4 ,n only 0 h] p]son mo/ lovely1 b h] m9d %one at fir/ ) all ! amiable lu/re ( a mode/1 innoc5t1 & w9n+ y\?4 ,h] fa!r1 ,claudio ,accoramboni1 remov$ to ,rome1 :]e 8 num]\s *ildr5 7 br\ght up "u ! c>e ( _! "m1 ,t>qu9ia1 an ambiti\s & unscrupul\s woman1 b5t on rehabilitat+ ! decay$ hon\rs ( _! h\se4 ,"h ,vittoria 9 e>ly girlhood soon became ! fa%ion4 ,%e ex]cis$ an irresi/ible influ5ce ov] all :o saw h]1 & _m 7 ! (f]s ( m>riage %e refus$4 ,at l5g? a suitor appe>$ ^: condition & connection ) ! ,roman ecclesia/ical nobility r5d]$ him acceptable 9 ! eyes ( ! ,accoramboni4 ,francesco ,p]etti 0 welcom$ z ! successful c&idate = ,vittoria's h&4 ,8 "m1 ,camilla1 0 si/] to ,felice1 ,c>d9al ( ,montalto2 & h] son1 ,francesco ,mignucci1 _h *ang$ 8 surname 9 complim5t to ?is illu/ri\s relative4 ,! ,p]etti 7 ( humble orig94 ,! c>d9al himself _h t5d$ sw9e 9 8 native village2 b1 support$ by an inv9cible belief 9 8 own de/9ies1 & gift$ ) a p[]ful intellect & det]m9$ "*1 he pass$ ?r\gh all grades ( ! ,franciscan ,ord] to its g5]al%ip1 receiv$ ! bi%oprics ( ,f]mo & ,s4 ,agata1 & la/ly1 9 ! ye> #aegj1 assum$ ! sc>let ) ! title ( ,c>d9al ,montalto4 ,he 0 n[ ^u ! high way to ! ,papacy1 amass+ money by incessant c>e1 /udy+ ! hum\rs ( surr\nd+ factions1 effac+ 8 own p]sonality1 & by mix+ b little 9 ! intrigues ( ! c\rt1 w9n+ ! reputation ( a prud5t1 in(f5sive old man4 ,^! 7 8 tactics = secur+ ! ,papal ?rone2 nor 7 8 expectations fru/rat$2 = 9 #aehe he 0 *os5 ,pope1 ! p>ties ( ! ,m$ici & ! ,f>nesi agree+ to accept him z a compromise4 ,:5 ,sixtus ,v4 0 once firmly seat$ on ,s4 ,pet]'s *air1 he %[$ himself 9 8 true col\rs4 ,an implacable adm9i/rator ( sev]e/ ju/ice1 a rigor\s economi/1 an iconocla/ic foe to paganism1 ! fir/ act ( 8 reign 0 to decl>e a w> ( extirpation aga9/ ! b&its :o _h r$uc$ ,rome 9 8 pr$ecessor's rule to an>*y4 ,x 0 ! nephew1 !n1 ( ?is man1 :om hi/orians h judg$ ! greate/ p]sonage ( 8 own times1 t ,vittoria ,accoramboni m>ri$ on ! #bh? ( ,june #aegc4 ,= a %ort :ile ! "y c\ple liv$ happily toge!r4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts ( _! m>ri$ life1 ! bride secur$ ! fav\r ( h] p[]ful uncle-9-law1 :o indulg$ h] co/ly fancies to ! full4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m probable t ! ,c>d9al ,montalto treat$ h] follies ) a grudg+ p>simony2 = we soon f9d ! ,p]etti h\sehold hopelessly involv$ 9 debt4 ,discord1 too1 arose betwe5 ,vittoria & h] husb& on ! score ( a c]ta9 levity 9 h] behavi\r2 & x 0 rum\r$ t ev5 dur+ ! brief space ( _! union %e _h prov$ a fai?less wife4 ,yet %e contriv$ to keep ,francesco's confid5ce1 & x is c]ta9 t h] family pr(it$ by _! connection ) ! ,p]etti4 ,( h] six bro!rs1 ,m>io1 ! elde/1 0 a fav\rite c\rti] ( ! great ,c>d9al d',e/e4 ,ottavio 0 9 ord]s1 & ?r\gh ,montalto's influ5ce obta9$ ! ,see ( ,fossombrone4 ,! same em95t protector plac$ ,scipione 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,c>d9al ,s=za4 ,camillo1 fam\s = 8 beauty & 8 c\rage1 foll[$ ! =tunes ( ,filib]t ( ,savoy1 & di$ 9 ,france4 ,flam9io 0 /ill a boy1 dep5d5t1 z ! sequel ( ?is /ory %[s1 ^u 8 si/]'s de/9y4 ,( ,m>cello1 ! second 9 age & mo/ important 9 ! action ( ?is trag$y1 x is ne$ful to speak ) m p>ticul>ity4 ,he 0 "y1 &1 l ! re/ ( 8 bre$1 s+ul>ly h&some--s h&some1 inde$1 t he is said to h ga9$ an infam\s asc5d5cy ov] ! great ,duke ( ,bracciano1 ^: privy *amb]la9 he _h become4 ,m>cello 0 an outlaw = ! murd] ( ,matteo ,pallavic9o1 ! bro!r ( ! ,c>d9al ( t "n4 ,?is did n1 h[ev]1 prev5t ! *ief ( ! ,ors9i h\se f mak+ him 8 fav\rite & confid5tial fri5d4 ,m>cello1 :o seems to h realis$ 9 actual life ! wor/ vices ( ^? ,roman c\rti]s describ$ = u by ,aret9o1 v soon conceiv$ ! plan ( exalt+ 8 own =tunes by trad+ on 8 si/]'s beauty4 ,he work$ ^u ! ,duke ( ,bracciano's m9d s clev]ly1 t he br\ght ?is haughty pr9ce to ! po9t ( an insane passion = ,p]etti's "y wife2 & mean:ile s contriv$ to inflame ! ambition ( ,vittoria & h] "m1 ,t>qu9ia1 t bo? 7 prep>$ to d>e ! wor/ ( crimes 9 expectation ( a duk$om4 ,! game 0 a difficult "o to play4 ,n only _h ,francesco ,p]etti fir/ to be murd]$1 b ! inequality ( bir? & weal? & /ation betwe5 ,vittoria & ! ,duke ( ,bracciano r5d]$ a m>riage almo/ impossible4 ,x 0 also an affair ( delicacy to /imulate )\t satisfy+ ! ,duke's passion4 ,yet ,m>cello did n despair4 ,! /akes 7 high en\gh to ju/ify great risks2 & all he put 9 p]il 0 8 si/]'s hon\r1 ! fame ( ! ,accoramboni1 & ! fav\r ( ,montalto4 ,vittoria1 = h] "p1 tru/$ 9 h] p[] to ensn>e & secure ! noble prey bo? _h 9 view4 ,paolo ,giordano ,ors9i1 born ab\t ! ye> #aecg1 0 reign+ ,duke ( ,bracciano4 ,among ,italian pr9ces he rank$ at lea/ ^u a p> ) ! ,dukes ( ,urb9o1 & 8 family1 by its alliances1 0 m illu/ri\s ?an any ( t "t 9 ,italy4 ,he 0 a man ( gigantic /ature1 prodigi\s corpul5ce1 & m>k$ p]sonal d>+2 agreeable 9 mann]s1 b subject to uncontrollable fits ( passion1 & incapable ( self-re/ra9t :5 cross$ 9 any :im or fancy4 ,^u ! habit ( 8 body x is ne$ful to insi/1 9 ord] t ! "p he play$ 9 ?is trag$y ( intrigue1 crime1 & passion may be well def9$4 ,he f\nd x difficult to procure a *>g] equal to 8 weight1 & he 0 s fat t a special disp5sation reliev$ him f ! duty ( g5uflexion 9 ! ,papal pres5ce4 ,?\gh "l ( a l>ge t]ritory1 yield+ pr9cely rev5ues1 he lab\r$ "u heavy debts2 = no great noble ( ! p]iod liv$ m spl5didly1 ) less reg>d = 8 f9ances4 ,9 ! politics ( t age & c\ntry1 ,paolo ,giordano lean$ t[>d ,france4 ,yet he 0 a gr&ee ( ,spa91 & _h play$ a di/+ui%$ "p 9 ! battle ( ,lepanto4 ,n[ ! ,duke ( ,bracciano 0 a wid[]4 ,he _h be5 m>ri$ 9 #aeec to ,isabella de' ,m$ici1 daught] ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosimo1 si/] ( ,francesco1 ,bianca ,capello's lov]1 & ( ! ,c>d9al ,f]d9&o4 ,suspicion ( adult]y ) ,troilo ,ors9i _h fall5 on ,isabella1 & h] husb&1 ) ! full concurr5ce ( h] bro!rs1 remov$ h] 9 #aegf f ?is _w4#g ,no "o ?\ght ! worse ( ,bracciano = ?is murd] ( 8 wife4 ,9 ^? days ( ab&on$ vice & intricate villany1 c]ta9 po9ts ( hon\r 7 ma9ta9$ ) scrupul\s fidelity4 ,a wife's adult]y 0 en\gh to ju/ify ! mo/ savage & lic5ti\s husb& 9 an act ( semi-judicial v5geance2 & ! %ame %e br\ght ^u 8 head 0 %>$ by ! memb]s ( h] own h\se1 s t !y /ood by1 cons5t+ to h] dea?4 ,isabella1 x may be said1 left "o son1 ,virg9io1 :o became 9 due "t ,duke ( ,bracciano4 ,x appe>s t 9 ! ye> #aeha1 f\r ye>s aft] ,vittoria's m>riage1 ! ,duke ( ,bracciano _h satisfi$ ,m>cello ( 8 int5tion to make h] 8 wife1 & ( 8 will+ness to c\nt5ance ,francesco ,p]etti's murd]4 ,m>cello1 feel+ sure ( 8 game1 introduc$ ! ,duke 9 private to 8 si/]1 & induc$ h] to ov]come any natural repugnance %e may h felt = ! unwieldy & gross lov]4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is po9t1 x 0 imp]ative to pu% matt]s quickly on t[>d matrimony4 ,b h[ %\ld ! un=tunate ,francesco be entrapp$8 ,!y caught him 9 a sn>e ( peculi> atrocity1 by work+ on ! k9dly feel+s :i* 8 love = ,vittoria _h caus$ him to ext5d to all ! ,acooramboni4 ,m>cello1 ! outlaw1 0 h] fav\rite bro!r1 & ,m>cello at t "t lay 9 hid+1 "u ! suspicion ( m ?an ord9>y crime1 beyond ! walls ( ,rome4 ,late 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #ah? ( ,april1 :ile ! ,p]etti family 7 retir+ to b$1 a mess5g] f ,m>cello arriv$1 entreat+ ,francesco to repair at once to ,monte ,cavallo4 ,m>cello _h affairs ( ! utmo/ importance to communicate1 & begg$ 8 bro!r-9-law n to fail him at a griev\s p9*4 ,! lett] conta9+ ?is reque/ 0 borne by "o ,dom9ico d',aquaviva1 alias ,il ,manc9o1 a conf$]ate ( ,vittoria's wait+-maid4 ,?is fell[1 l ,m>cello1 0 an outlaw2 b :5 he v5tur$ into ,rome he frequ5t$ ,p]etti's h\se1 & _h made himself famili> ) its ma/] z a tru/y bravo4 ,nei!r 9 ! message1 !re=e1 nor 9 ! mess5g] 0 !re mu* to r\se suspicion4 ,! "t1 inde$1 0 oddly *os51 & ,m>cello _h nev] made a simil> appeal on any previ\s occasion4 ,yet 8 necessities might surely h oblig$ him to dem& "s m ?an ord9>y fav\r f a bro!r4 ,francesco imm$iately made himself ready to set out1 arm$ only ) 8 sword & att5d$ by a s+le s]vant4 ,x 0 9 va9 t 8 wife & 8 "m rem9d$ him ( ! dang]s ( ! night1 ! lonel9ess ( ,monte ,cavallo1 its ru9\s palaces & robb]-haunt$ caves4 ,he 0 resolv$ to und]take ! adv5ture1 & w5t =?1 nev] to return4 ,z he asc5d$ ! hill1 he fell to e>?1 %ot ) ?ree h>quebuses4 ,8 body 0 aft]w>ds f\nd on ,monte ,cavallo1 /abb$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 )\t a trace t c\ld id5tify ! murd]]s4 ,only1 9 ! c\rse ( subsequ5t inve/igations1 ,il ,manc9o 7on ! #bd? ( ,febru>y #aehb7 made ! foll[+ /atem5ts3--,t ,vittoria's "m1 assi/$ by ! wait+ woman1 _h plann$ ! trap2 t ,m>*ionne ( ,gubbio & ,paolo ,b>ca ( ,bracciano1 two ( ! ,duke's m51 _h despat*$ ! victim4 ,m>cello himself1 x seems1 _h come f ,bracciano to conduct ! :ole affair4 ,suspicion fell imm$iately ^u ,vittoria & h] k9dr$1 toge!r ) ! ,duke ( ,bracciano2 nor 0 ?is dim9i%$ :5 ! ,accoramboni1 fe>+ ! pursuit ( ju/ice1 took refuge 9 a villa ( ! ,duke's at ,magnanapoli a few days aft] ! murd]4 ,a c>d9al's nephew1 ev5 9 ^? tr\bl\s times1 0 n kill$ )\t "s noise be+ made ab\t ! matt]4 ,accord+ly ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 began to take measures = discov]+ ! au?ors ( ! crime4 ,/range to say1 h[ev]1 ! ,c>d9al ,montalto1 not)/&+ ! great love he 0 kn[n to be> 8 nephew1 begg$ t ! inve/igation might be dropp$4 ,! coolness ) :i* he fir/ receiv$ ! news ( ,francesco ,p]etti's dea?1 ! dissimulation ) :i* he met ! ,pope's expression ( sympa?y 9 a full consi/ory1 8 res]ve 9 greet+ fri5ds on c]emonial visits ( condol5ce1 &1 m ?an all1 ! self-re/ra9t he %[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,duke ( ,bracciano1 impress$ ! society ( ,rome ) ! belief t he 0 ( a s+ul>ly mod]ate & pati5t temp]4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! man :o c\ld s tamely submit to 8 nephew's murd]1 & susp5d ! arm ( ju/ice :5 already rais$ = v5geance1 mu/ prove a mild & indulg5t rul]4 ,:51 !re=e1 9 ! fif? ye> aft] ?is ev5t1 ,montalto 0 elect$ ,pope1 m5 ascrib$ 8 elevation 9 no small measure to 8 conduct at ! pres5t crisis4 ,"s1 inde$1 attribut$ 8 extraord9>y mod]ation & self-control to ! "r cause4 ',v]am5te co/ui un gran frate6' 0 ,gregory's rem>k at ! close ( ! consi/ory :5 ,montalto begg$ him to let ! matt] ( ,p]etti's murd] re/4 ',( a tru?1 t fell[ is a consummate hypocrite6' ,h[ accurate ?is judgm5t 01 appe>$ :5 ,sixtus ,v4 assum$ ! re9s ( p[]4 ,! same man :o1 z monk & c>d9al1 _h smil$ on ,bracciano1 ?\gh he knew him to be 8 nephew's assass91 n[1 z ,pontiff & sov]eign1 bade ! *ief ( ! ,ors9i purge 8 palace & dom9ions ( ! sc\ndrels he 0 wont to h>b\r1 add+ significantly1 t if ,felice ,p]etti =gave :at _h be5 done aga9/ him 9 a private /ation1 he w\ld exact utt]mo/ v5geance = disob$i5ce to ! w ( ,sixtus4 ,! ,duke ( ,bracciano judg$ x be/1 aft] t w>n+1 to )draw f ,rome4 ,francesco ,p]etti _h be5 murd]$ on ! #af? ( ,april #aeha4 ,sixtus ,v4 0 proclaim$ on ! #bd? ( ,april #aehe4 ,9 ?is int]val ,vittoria und]w5t a s]ies ( extraord9>y p]ils & adv5tures4 ,fir/ ( all1 %e _h be5 secretly m>ri$ to ! ,duke 9 8 g>d5s ( ,magnanapoli at ! end ( ,april #aeha4 ,t is to say1 ,m>cello & %e secur$ _! prize1 z well z !y 7 able1 ! mom5t aft] ,francesco _h be5 remov$ by murd]4 ,b no soon] _h ! m>riage become kn[n1 ?an ! ,pope1 mov$ by ! sc&al x creat$1 no less ?an by ! urg5t in/ance ( ! ,ors9i & ,m$ici1 decl>$ x void4 ,aft] "s :ile sp5t 9 va9 resi/ance1 ,bracciano submitt$1 & s5t ,vittoria back to h] fa!r's h\se4 ,by an ord] issu$ "u ,gregory's own h&1 %e 0 next remov$ to ! prison ( ,corte ,savella1 !nce to ! mona/]y ( ,s4 ,cecilia 9 ,tra/ev]e1 & f9ally to ! ,ca/le ( ,s4 ,angelo4 ,"h1 at ! end ( ,decemb] #aeha1 %e 0 put on trial = ! murd] ( h] fir/ husb&4 ,9 prison %e seems to h borne h]self bravely1 array+ h] beautiful p]son 9 delicate attire1 ent]ta9+ visitors1 exact+ f h] fri5ds ! hon\rs due to a du*ess1 & su/a9+ ! frequ5t exam9ations to :i* %e 0 submitt$ ) a bold1 pr\d front4 ,9 ! middle ( ! mon? ( ,july h] con/ancy 0 sorely tri$ by ! receipt ( a lett] 9 ! ,duke's own h&writ+1 =mally r5\nc+ 8 m>riage4 ,x 0 only by a lucky accid5t t %e 0 prev5t$ on ?is occasion f committ+ suicide4 ,! ,papal c\rt mean:ile kept urg+ h] ei!r to retire to a mona/]y or to accept ano!r husb&4 ,%e firmly refus$ to embrace ! religi\s life1 & decl>$ t %e 0 already lawfully unit$ to a liv+ husb&1 ! ,duke ( ,bracciano4 ,x seem$ impossible to deal ) h]2 & at la/1 on ! #h? ( ,novemb]1 %e 0 releas$ f prison "u ! condition ( retirem5t to ,gubbio4 ,! ,duke _h lull$ 8 enemies to re/ by ! pret5ce ( yield+ to _! wi%es4 ,b ,m>cello 0 cont9ually beside him at ,bracciano1 :]e we read ( a my/]i\s ,greek en*antress :om he hir$ to brew love-philt]s = ! fur!rance ( 8 ambiti\s plots4 ,:e!r ,bracciano 0 /imulat$ by ! bro!r's argum5ts or by ! wit*'s potions ne$ n be too curi\sly que/ion$4 ,b x seems 9 any case c]ta9 t abs5ce inflam$ 8 passion in/ead ( cool+ x4 ,accord+ly1 9 ,septemb] #aehc1 "u ! excuse ( a pilgrimage to ,loreto1 he contriv$ to meet ,vittoria at ,trevi1 :5ce he c>ri$ h] 9 triumph to ,bracciano4 ,"h he op5ly ackn[l$g$ h] z 8 wife1 in/all+ h] ) all ! spl5d\r due to a sov]eign du*ess4 ,on ! #aj? ( ,octob] foll[+1 he once m p]=m$ ! m>riage c]emony 9 ! pr9cipal *ur* ( 8 fief2 & 9 ! ,janu>y ( #aehd he br\ght h] op5ly to ,rome4 ,?is act ( contumacy to ! ,pope1 bo? z feudal sup]ior & z supreme ,pontiff1 r\s$ all ! =m] opposition to 8 m>riage4 ,once m x 0 decl>$ invalid4 ,once m ! ,duke pret5d$ to give way4 ,b at ?is juncture ,gregory di$2 & :ile ! conclave 0 sitt+ = ! election ( ! new ,pope1 he resolv$ to take ! law into 8 own h&s1 & to ratify 8 union ) ,vittoria by a ?ird & public m>riage 9 ,rome4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #bd? ( ,april #aehe1 _! nuptials 7 accord+ly once m solemnis$ 9 ! ,ors9i palace4 ,j "o h\r aft] ! c]emony1 z appe>s f ! m>riage regi/]1 ! news arriv$ ( ,c>d9al ,montalto's election to ! ,papacy1 ,vittoria lo/ no "t 9 pay+ h] respects to ,camilla1 si/] ( ! new ,pope1 h] =m] "m-9-law4 ,! ,duke visit$ ,sixtus ,v4 9 /ate to complim5t him on 8 elevation4 ,b ! reception :i* bo? receiv$ prov$ t ,rome 0 no safe place = !m to live 94 ,!y consequ5tly made up _! m9ds = flight4 ,a *ronic illness f :i* ,bracciano _h lately suff]$ furni%$ a suffici5t pretext4 ,?is seems to h be5 some?+ ( ! nature ( a canc]\s ulc]1 :i* _h to be treat$ by ! application ( raw meat to op5 sores4 ,su* details are only excusable 9 ! pres5t n>rative on ! gr\nd t ,bracciano's disease consid]ably affects our moral judgm5t ( ! woman :o c\ld m>ry a man ?us physically ta9t$1 & ) h] husb&'s blood ^u 8 h&s4 ,at any rate1 ! ,duke's lupa ju/ifi$ 8 try+ :at *ange ( air1 toge!r ) ! sulphur wat]s ( ,abano1 w\ld d = him4 ,! ,duke & ,du*ess arriv$ 9 safety at ,v5ice1 :]e !y _h engag$ ! ,d&olo palace on ! ,zuecca4 ,!re !y only /ay$ a few days1 remov+ to ,padua1 :]e !y _h hir$ palaces ( ! ,fosc>i 9 ! ,ar5a & a h\se call$ ,de' ,cavalli4 ,at ,sal1 also1 on ! ,lake ( ,g>da1 !y provid$ !mselves ) fit dwell+s = _! pr9cely /ate & _! l>ge ret9ues1 int5d+ to divide _! "t betwe5 ! pleasures :i* ! capital ( luxury af=d$ & ! simpl] enjoym5ts ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,italian lakes4 ,b la gioia dei pr(ani un fumo passaggi]4 ,paolo ,giordano ,ors9i1 ,duke ( ,bracciano1 di$ sudd5ly at ,sal on ! #aj? ( ,novemb] #aehe1 leav+ ! "y & beautiful ,vittoria helpless among enemies4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( 8 dea?8 ,x is n possible to give a cle> & c]ta9 answ]4 ,we h se5 t he suff]$ f a horrible & voraci\s disease1 :i* aft] 8 removal f ,rome seems to h made progress4 ,yet ?\gh ?is malady may well h cut 8 life %ort1 suspicion ( poison 0 n1 9 ! circum/ances1 q unreasonable4 ,! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 ! ,pope1 & ! ,ors9i family 7 all int]e/$ 9 8 dea?4 ,anyh[1 he _h "t to make a w 9 ,vittoria's fav\r1 leav+ h] l>ge sums ( money1 jewels1 goods1 & h\ses--en\gh1 9 fact1 to support h] ducal dignity ) spl5d\r4 ,8 h]$it>y fiefs & hon\rs pass$ by "r to 8 only son1 ,virg9io4 ,vittoria1 accompani$ by h] bro!r1 ,m>cello1 & ! :ole c\rt ( ,bracciano1 repair$ at once to ,padua1 :]e %e 0 soon aft] jo9$ by ,flam9io1 & by ! ,pr9ce ,lodovico ,ors9i4 ,lodovico ,ors9i assum$ ! duty ( settl+ ,vittoria's affairs "u h] dead husb&'s w4 ,9 life he _h be5 ! ,duke's ally z well z relative4 ,8 family pride 0 deeply w\nd$ by :at seem$ to him an ignoble1 z x 0 c]ta9ly an unequal1 m>riage4 ,he n[ %[$ himself ! rel5tless enemy ( ! ,du*ess4 ,disputes arose betwe5 !m z to c]ta9 details1 :i* seem to h be5 legally decid$ 9 ! wid['s fav\r4 ,on ! night ( ! #bbnd ( ,decemb]1 h[ev]1 =ty m5 disguis$ 9 black & fanta/ically trick$ out to elude detection1 surr\nd$ h] palace4 ,?r\gh ! long gall]ies & *amb]s hung ) arras1 eight ( !m w5t1 be>+ tor*es1 9 se>* ( ,vittoria & h] bro!rs4 ,m>cello escap$1 hav+ fl$ ! h\se "u suspicion ( ! murd] ( "o ( 8 own foll[]s4 ,flam9io1 ! innoc5t & "y1 0 play+ on 8 lute & s++ ,mis]]e 9 ! great hall ( ! palace4 ,! murd]]s surpris$ him ) a %ot f "o ( _! h>quebuses4 ,he ran1 w\nd$ 9 ! %\ld]1 to 8 si/]'s room4 ,%e1 x is said1 0 tell+ h] beads be=e retir+ = ! night4 ,:5 ?ree ( ! assass9s ent]$1 %e knelt be=e ! crucifix1 & !re !y /abb$ h] 9 ! left brea/1 turn+ ! poign>d 9 ! w\nd1 & ask+ h] ) savage insults if h] he>t 0 pi]c$4 ,h] la/ words 71 ',jesus1 ,i p>don y4' ,!n !y turn$ to ,flam9io1 & left him pi]c$ ) sev5ty-f\r /iletto w\nds4 ,! au?orities ( ,padua id5tifi$ ! bodies ( ,vittoria & ,flam9io1 & s5t at once = fur!r in/ructions to ,v5ice4 ,mean:ile x appe>s t bo? corpses 7 laid out 9 "o op5 c(f9 = ! p to contemplate4 ,! palace & ! *ur* ( ! ,eremitani1 to :i* !y _h be5 remov$1 7 cr[d$ all ?r\gh ! foll[+ day ) a va/ conc\rse ( ! ,paduans4 ,vittoria's wond]ful dead body1 pale yet sweet to look ^u1 ! gold5 hair fl[+ ar\nd h] m>ble %\ld]s1 ! r$ w\nd 9 h] brea/ uncov]$1 ! /ately limbs array$ 9 sat9 z %e di$1 madd5$ ! populace ) its surpass+ lovel9ess4 ',d5tibus fremebant1' says ! *ronicl]1 :5 !y beheld t graci\s lady /iff 9 dea?4 ,& ( a tru?1 if h] corpse 0 actually expos$ 9 ! *apel ( ! ,eremitani1 z we h "s "r to assume1 ! spectacle mu/ h be5 impressive4 ,^? grim gaunt frescoes ( ,mantegna look$ d[n on h] z %e lay /ret*$ ^u h] bi]1 solemn & calm1 &1 b = pallor1 beautiful z ?\gh 9 life4 ,no wond] t ! folk =got h] fir/ husb&'s murd]1 h] less ?an comely m>riage to ! second4 ,x 0 en\gh = !m t ?is fl[] ( surpass+ lovel9ess _h be5 cropp$ by villa9s 9 its bloom4 ,ga!r+ 9 knots ar\nd ! tor*es plac$ beside ! corpse1 !y v[$ v5geance aga9/ ! ,ors9i2 = suspicion1 n unnaturally1 fell on ,pr9ce ,lodovico4 ,! ,pr9ce 0 arre/$ & int]rogat$ be=e ! c\rt ( ,padua4 ,he ent]$ _! hall att5d$ by =ty arm$ m51 respond$ haughtily to _! que/ions1 & dem&$ free passage = 8 c\ri] to ,virg9io ,ors9i1 !n at ,flor5ce4 ,to ?is dem& ! c\rt acc$$2 b ! precaution ( way-lay+ ! c\ri] & se>*+ 8 p]son 0 v wisely tak54 ,besides "s =mal dispat*es :i* ann\nc$ ,vittoria's assass9ation1 !y f\nd 9 ?is man's boot a compromis+ lett]1 decl>+ ,virg9io a p>ty to ! crime1 & ass]t+ t ,lodovico _h ) 8 own poign>d kill$ _! victim4 ,padua plac$ itself 9 a /ate ( def5ce1 & prep>$ to besiege ! palace ( ,pr9ce ,lodovico1 :o also got himself 9 read9ess = battle4 ,eng9es1 culv]9s1 & firebr&s 7 direct$ aga9/ ! b>ricades :i* he _h rais$4 ,! militia 0 call$ out & ! ,br5ta 0 /rongly gu>d$4 ,mean:ile ! ,s5ate ( ,s4 ,m>k _h dispat*$ ! ,avogadore1 ,aloisio ,bragad91 ) full p[] to ! sc5e ( action4 ,lodovico ,ors9i1 x may be m5tion$1 0 9 _! s]vice2 & _h n ?is affair int]v5$1 he w\ld 9 a few weeks h ent]$ on 8 duties z ,gov]nor = ,v5ice ( ,corfu4 ,! bomb>dm5t ( ,ors9i's palace began on ,*ri/mas ,day4 ,?ree ( ! ,pr9ce's m5 7 kill$ 9 ! fir/ assault2 & s9ce ! artill]y br\ght to be> ^u him ?reat5$ spe$y ru9 to ! h\se & its inhabitants1 he made up 8 m9d to surr5d]4 ',! ,pr9ce ,luigi1' writes "o-*ronicl] ( ^! ev5ts1 'walk$ attir$ 9 br[n1 8 poign>d at 8 side1 & 8 cloak slung elegantly "u 8 arm4 ,! weapon be+ tak5 f him1 he lean$ ^u a balu/rade1 & began to trim 8 nails ) a little pair ( scissors he happ5$ to f9d !re4' ,on ! #bg? he 0 /rangl$ 9 prison by ord] ( ! ,v5etian ,republic4 ,8 body 0 c>ri$ to be buri$1 accord+ to 8 own w1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia dell' ,orto at ,v5ice4 ,two ( 8 foll[]s 7 hung next day4 ,fifte5 7 execut$ on ! foll[+ ,monday2 two ( ^! 7 qu>t]$ alive2 "o ( !m1 ! ,conte ,paganello1 :o confess$ to hav+ sla9 ,vittoria1 _h 8 left side prob$ ) 8 own cruel dagg]4 ,eight 7 condemn$ to ! galleys1 six to prison1 & elev5 7 acquitt$4 ,?us end$ ?is t]rible affair1 :i* br\ght1 x is said1 good cr$it & r5[n to ! lords ( ,v5ice ?r\gh all nations ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,x only rema9s to be add$ t ,m>cello ,accoramboni 0 surr5d]$ to ! ,pope's v5geance & behead$ at ,ancona1 :]e also 8 my/]i\s accomplice1 ! ,greek sorc]ess1 p]i%$4 ,,ii ,?is /ory ( ,vittoria ,accoramboni's life & tragic end+ is drawn1 9 its ma9 details1 f a n>rative publi%$ by ,h5ri ,beyle 9 8 ',*roniques et ,novelles4'#h ,he pr(esses to h translat$ x lit]ally f a manuscript communicat$ to him by a nobleman ( ,mantua2 & !re are /rong int]nal evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,su* compositions are frequ5t 9 ,italian libr>ies1 nor is x r>e = "o ( !m to pass into ! common m>ket--z ,mr4 ,br[n+'s fam\s pur*ase ( ! tale on :i* he bas$ 8 ',r+ & ! ,book' suffici5tly proves4 ,^! pamphlets 7 produc$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to gratify ! curiosity ( ! educat$ public 9 an age :i* _h no newspap]s1 & also to pres]ve ! memory ( fam\s trials4 ,h[ f> ! /rict tru? 0 repres5t$1 or :e!r1 z 9 ! case ( ,beatrice ,c5ci1 ! pa!tic aspect ( ! trag$y 0 unduly dwelt on1 dep5d$1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! m5tal bias ( ! scribe1 ^u 8 opportunities ( obta9+ exact in=mation1 & ^u ! ta/e ( ! audi5ce = :om he wrote4 ,!re=e1 9 treat+ su* docum5ts z hi/orical data1 we mu/ be ^u our gu>d4 ,pr(essor ,gnoli1 :o has rec5tly inve/igat$ ! :ole ( ,vittoria's ev5tful /ory by ! light ( contempor>y docum5ts1 in=ms u t sev]al n>ratives exi/ 9 manuscript1 all deal+ m or less accurately ) ! details ( ! trag$y4 ,"o ( ^! 0 publi%$ 9 ,italian at ,brescia 9 #aehf4 ,a ,fr5*man1 ,de ,rosset1 pr9t$ ! same /ory 9 its ma9 outl9es at ,lyons 9 #afba4 ,our own dramati/1 ,john ,web/]1 made x ! subject ( a trag$y1 :i* he gave to ! press 9 #afab4 ,:at 7 8 s\rces ( in=mation we d n "k = c]ta94 ,b x is cle> t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory4 ,he has *ang$ "s ( ! names & r$i/ribut$ "s ( ! *ief p>ts4 ,vittoria's fir/ husb&1 = example1 becomes ,camillo2 h] "m1 nam$ ,cornelia in/ead ( ,t>qu9ia1 is s f> f abett+ ,p]etti's murd] & c\nt5anc+ h] daught]'s %ame1 t %e acts ! rle ( a dome/ic ,cass&ra4 ,flam9io & n ,m>cello is made ! ma9 in/rum5t ( ,vittoria's crime & elevation4 ,! ,c>d9al ,montalto is call$ ,monticelso1 & 8 papal title is ,paul ,,iv4 in/ead ( ,sixtus ,v4 ,^! are details ( comp>ative indiff]5ce1 9 :i* a playwright may fairly use 8 lib]ty ( art4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,web/] %[s a curi\s k ( ! picturesque circum/ances ( ! tale4 ,! g>d5 9 :i* ,vittoria meets ,bracciano is ! villa ( ,magnanapoli2 ,zan*e1 ! ,moori% slave1 comb9es ,vittoria's wait+-woman1 ,cat]9a1 & ! ,greek sorc]ess :o s my/]i\sly dogg$ ,m>cello's foot/eps to ! dea?4 ,! suspicion ( ,bracciano's murd] is us$ to introduce a qua9t episode ( ,italian poison+4 ,web/] ex]cis$ ! dramati/'s privilege ( connect+ v>i\s ?reads ( action 9 "o plot1 disreg>d+ *ronology1 & haz>d+ an e?ical solution ( motives :i* m]e fidelity to fact h>dly w>rants4 ,he %[s u ,vittoria m>ri$ to ,camillo1 a l[-born & witless fool1 ^: only m]it consi/s 9 be+ nephew to ! ,c>d9al ,monticelso1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,paul ,,iv4#i ,paulo ,giordano ,urs9i1 ,duke ( ,bra*iano1 loves ,vittoria1 & %e sugge/s to him t1 = ! fur!rance ( _! am\rs1 8 wife1 ! ,du*ess ,isabella1 si/] to ,francesco de' ,m$ici1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,flor5ce1 %\ld be murd]$ at ! same "t z h] own husb&1 ,camillo4 ,bra*iano is /ruck by ?is plan1 & ) ! help ( ,vittoria's bro!r1 ,flam9eo1 he puts x at once into execution4 ,flam9eo hires a doctor :o poisons ,bra*iano's portrait1 s t ,isabella dies aft] kiss+ x4 ,he also ) 8 own h&s twi/s ,camillo's neck dur+ a vault+-mat*1 mak+ x appe> t he came by 8 dea? accid5tally4 ,suspicion ( ! murd] atta*es1 h[ev]1 to ,vittoria4 ,%e is tri$ = h] life be=e ,monticelso & ,de' ,m$ici2 acquitt$1 & relegat$ to a h\se ( ,conv]tites or female re=matory4 ,bra*iano1 on ! accession ( ,monticelso to ! ,papal ?rone1 resolves to leave ,rome ) ,vittoria4 ,!y escape1 toge!r ) h] "m ,cornelia1 & h] bro!rs ,flam9eo & ,m>cello1 to ,padua2 & x is "h t ! la/ sc5es ( ! trag$y are laid4 ,! use ,web/] made ( ,lodovico ,ors9i des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,he introduces ?is p]sonage 9 ! v fir/ sc5e z a sp5d?rift1 :o1 hav+ run ?r\gh 8 =tune1 has be5 outlaw$4 ,c\nt ,lodovico1 z he is always call$1 has no relation%ip ) ! ,ors9i1 b is atta*$ to ! s]vice ( ,francesco de' ,m$ici1 & is an old lov] ( ! ,du*ess ,isabella4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,gr& ,duke m$itates v5geance on ,bra*iano1 he f9ds a fitt+ in/rum5t 9 ! desp]ate ,lodovico4 ,toge!r1 9 disguise1 !y repair to ,padua4 ,lodovico poisons ! ,duke ( ,bra*iano's helmet1 & has ! satisfaction ( end+ 8 la/ /ruggles by ! halt]4 ,aft]w>ds1 ) companions1 habit$ z a masqu]1 he ent]s ,vittoria's palace & puts h] to dea? toge!r ) h] bro!r ,flam9eo4 ,j :5 ! de$ ( v5geance has be5 complet$1 "y ,giovanni ,ors9i1 heir ( ,bra*iano1 ent]s & ord]s ! summ>y execution ( ,lodovico = ?is de$ ( viol5ce4 ,web/]'s inv5tion 9 ?is plot is conf9$ to ! fanta/ic incid5ts att5d+ on ! dea?s ( ,isabella1 ,camillo1 & ,bra*iano1 & to ! murd] ( ,m>cello by 8 bro!r ,flam9eo1 ) ! fur!r consequ5ce ( ,cornelia's madness & dea?4 ,he has height5$ our int]e/ 9 ,isabella1 at ! exp5se ( ,bra*iano's "*1 by mak+ h] an innoc5t & lov+ wife in/ead ( an adult]ess4 ,he has ascrib$ diff]5t motives f ! real ones to ,lodovico 9 ord] to br+ ?is p]sonage into rank ) ! *ief actors1 ?\gh ?is has be5 a*iev$ ) only mod]ate success4 ,vittoria is ab&on$ to ! d>ke/ int]pretation4 ,%e is a woman :o rises to em95ce by crime1 z an unfai?ful wife1 ! murd]ess ( h] husb&1 & an impud5t defi] ( ju/ice4 ,h] bro!r1 ,flam9eo1 becomes "u ,web/]'s treatm5t "o ( ^? wor/ human infamies--a c\rt dep5d5t2 ruffian1 buffoon1 pimp1 murd]] by turns4 ,fur!rmore1 & )\t any adequate object beyond t ( complet+ ?is /udy ( a type he lov$1 ,web/] makes him murd] 8 own bro!r ,m>cello by treason4 ,! "p assign$ to ,m>cello1 x %\ld be said1 is a g5ial & happy "o2 & ,cornelia1 ! "m ( ! ,accoramboni1 is a dignifi$ "*1 pa!tic 9 h] suff]+4 ,web/]1 x may be add$1 treats ! ,c>d9al ,monticelso z alli$ 9 "s special way to ! ,m$ici4 ,yet c]ta9 traits 9 8 "*1 especially 8 avoidance ( blood%$ & ! tam5ess ( 8 temp] aft] ,camillo has be5 murd]$1 seem to h be5 /udi$ f ! hi/orical ,sixtus4 ,,iii ,! "* ( ! ',:ite ,devil1 or ,vittoria ,corombona1' is p]haps ! mo/ ma/]ly creation ( ,web/]'s g5ius4 ,?\gh h] hi/ory is a true "o 9 its lead+ incid5ts1 ! poet1 :ile portray+ a real p]sonage1 has conceiv$ an orig9al individuality4 ,x is impossible to "k = c]ta9 h[ f> ! actual ,vittoria 0 guilty ( h] fir/ husb&'s murd]4 ,h] p]sonality fails to deta* itself f ! romance ( h] biography by any sali5t qualities4 ,b ,web/]1 ) true playwright's in/9ct1 ca/s aside hi/orical d\bts1 & del9eates 9 8 h]o9e a woman ( a v m>k$ & t]rible nature4 ,h>d z adamant1 uncompromis+1 ru?less1 ,vittoria foll[s ambition z ! load/> ( h] life4 ,x is ! ambition to reign z ,du*ess1 f> m ?an any passion = a p>am\r1 :i* makes h] plot ,camillo's & ,isabella's murd]s1 & ?r[s h] be=e m>riage into ,bra*iano's arms4 ,add$ to ?is ambition1 %e is possess$ ) ! cold demon ( h] own imp]ial & victori\s beauty4 ,%e has ! c\rage ( h] crim9ality 9 ! fulle/ s5se2 & mu* ( ! fasc9ation ) :i* ,web/] has inve/$ h]1 dep5ds ^u h] dreadful d>+4 ,h] portrait is drawn ) full & firm t\*es4 ,al?\gh %e appe>s b five times on ! sc5e1 %e fills x f ! fir/ l9e ( ! drama to ! la/4 ,ea* appe>ance adds effectively to ! total impression4 ,we see h] fir/ dur+ a crim9al int]view ) ,bra*iano1 contriv$ by h] bro!r ,flam9eo4 ,! plot ( ! trag$y is develop$ 9 ?is sc5e2 ,vittoria sugge/+1 "u ! metaphor ( a dream1 t h] lov] %\ld compass ! dea?s ( 8 du*ess & h] husb&4 ,! dream is told ) deadly en]gy & gha/ly picturesqu5ess4 ,! cruel sne] at its conclusion1 murmur$ by a voluptu\s woman 9 ! e>s ( an impassion$ p>am\r1 *ills u ) ! s5se ( conc5trat$ vice4 ,h] next appe>ance is be=e ! c\rt1 on trial = h] husb&'s murd]4 ,! sc5e is celebrat$1 & has be5 mu* disput$ by critics4 ,rely+ on h] own dauntlessness1 on h] beauty1 & on ! protection ( ,bra*iano1 ,vittoria h>dly takes ! tr\ble to plead innoc5ce or to rebut *>ges4 ,%e /&s defiant1 arrogant1 vigilant1 on gu>d2 fl++ ! lie 9 ! tee? ( h] arraign]s2 quick to seize ! slighte/ sign ( feebl5ess 9 _! attack2 prote/+ h] guiltlessness s l\dly t %e %\ts tru? d[n by braz5 /r5g? ( lung2 retir+ at ! close ) taunts2 blaz+ ?r\gh\t ) ! intol]able lu/re ( "s baleful planet4 ,:5 %e ent]s = ! ?ird "t1 x is to qu>rel ) h] p>am\r4 ,he has be5 /ung to jeal\sy by a feign$ love-lett]4 ,%e kn[s t %e has giv5 him no cause2 x is h] game to lure him by fidelity to m>riage4 ,!re=e %e resolves to make 8 mi/ake ! in/rum5t ( h] exaltation4 ,beg9n+ ) torr5ts ( abuse1 hurl+ reproa*es at him = h] own di%on\r & ! murd] ( 8 wife1 work+ h]self by /udi$ degrees into a tempe/ ( ungov]nable rage1 %e fl+s h]self ^u ! b$1 refuses 8 c>esses1 spurns & tramples on him1 till %e has br\ght ,bra*iano1 t]rifi$1 humbl$1 fasc9at$1 to h] feet4 ,!n %e gradually rel5ts b5ea? 8 passionate prote/ations & repeat$ promises ( m>riage4 ,at ?is po9t %e speaks b little4 ,we only feel h] melt+ hum\r 9 ! air1 & long to see ! sc5e play$ by su* an actress z ,madame ,b]nh>dt4 ,:5 ,vittoria next appe>s1 x is z ,du*ess by ! dea?b$ ( ! ,duke1 h] husb&4 ,h] att5dance "h is necess>y1 b x contributes little to ! developm5t ( h] "*4 ,we h le>n$ to "k h]1 & expect nei!r womani% te>s nor signs ( affection at a crisis :i* t\*es h] he>t less ?an h] self-love4 ,web/]1 among 8 o!r excell5t qualities1 knew h[ to support "* by retic5ce4 ,vittoria's sil5ce 9 ?is act is significant2 & :5 %e retires exclaim+1 ',o me6 ?is place is hell6' we "k t x is ! outcry1 n ( a woman :o has lo/ :at made life de>1 b ( "o :o sees ! fruits ( crime imp]ill$ by a fatal accid5t4 ,! la/ sc5e ( ! play is devot$ to ,vittoria4 ,x beg9s ) a notable alt]cation betwe5 h] & ,flam9eo4 ,%e calls him 'ruffian' & 'villa91' refus+ him ! rew>d ( 8 vile s]vice4 ,?is qu>rel em]ges 9 "o ( ,web/]'s grotesque contrivances to prolong a poignant situation4 ,flam9eo quits ! /age & reappe>s ) pi/ols4 ,he affects a k9d ( madness2 & aft] ?reat5+ ,vittoria1 :o nev] fl9*es1 he proposes !y %\ld end _! lives by suicide4 ,%e hum\rs him1 b manages to get ! fir/ %ot4 ,flam9eo falls1 w\nd$ app>5tly to dea?4 ,!n ,vittoria turns & tramples on him ) h] feet & tongue1 taunt+ him 9 8 dea? agony ) ! enum]ation ( 8 crimes4 ,h] malice & h] en]gy are equally inf]nal4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 x appe>s t ! :ole device 0 b a trick ( ,flam9eo's to te/ 8 si/]4 ,! pi/ol 0 n load$4 ,he n[ produces a pair :i* are prop]ly *>g$1 & proce$s 9 good e>ne/ to ! assass9ation ( ,vittoria4 ,b at ?is critical mom5t ,lodovico & 8 masqu]s appe>2 bro!r & si/] bo? die unrep5tant1 defiant to ! end4 ,vittoria's cu/om>y pride & h] famili> sne]s impress h] spee* 9 ^! la/ mom5ts ) a tr5*ant tru? to nature3 ,y my dea?'s-man6 ,me?9ks ?\ do/ n look horrid en\gh1 ,?\ ha/ too good a face to be a hangman3 ,if ?\ be1 d ?y (fice 9 "r =m2 ,fall d[n ^u ?y knees1 & ask =giv5ess6 99 99 99 99 99 ,i w be wait$ on 9 dea?2 my s]vant ,%all nev] g be=e me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,yes1 ,i %all welcome dea? ,z pr9ces d "s great ambassadors3 ,i'll meet ?y weapon half-way4 99 99 99 99 99 ',twas a manly bl[6 ,! next ?\ giv'/1 murd] "s suck+ infant2 ,& !n ?\ wilt be fam\s4 ,s firmly has ,web/] wr\ght ! "* ( ?is :ite devil1 t we seem to see h] be=e u z 9 a picture4 ',beautiful z ! leprosy1 dazzl+ z ! lightn+1' to use a phrase ( h] en?usia/ic admir] ,hazlitt1 %e takes h] /ation l a lady 9 "s portrait by ,p>is ,bordone1 ) gleam+ gold5 hair twi/$ into snakelike braids ab\t h] temples1 ) sk9 :ite z cream1 bright *eeks1 d>k dauntless eyes1 & on h] bosom1 :]e x has be5 *af$ by jewell$ *a9s1 a flu% ( rose4 ,%e is luxuri\s1 b n s ab&on$ to ! pleasures ( ! s5se z to =get ! purpose ( h] w & bra94 ,crime & p]il add ze/ to h] enjoym5t4 ,:5 arraign$ 9 op5 c\rt be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( deadly & unscrupul\s foes1 %e conceals ! consci\sness ( guilt1 & /&s erect1 ) fi]ce front1 unaba%$1 rely+ on ! spl5d\r ( h] irresi/ible beauty & ! subtlety ( h] pi]c+ wit4 ,*af+ ) rage1 ! blood m\nts & adds a lu/re to h] *eek4 ,x is no flu% ( mode/y1 b ( rebelli\s indignation4 ,! ,c>d9al1 :o hates h]1 br&s h] emotion ) ! "n ( %ame4 ,%e rebukes him1 hurl+ a jibe at 8 own "m4 ,& :5 !y po9t ) spiteful eag]ness to ! jewels blaz+ on h] brea/1 to ! silks & sat9s t %e ru/les 91 h] husb& ly+ murd]$1 %e retorts3 ,_h ,i =ekn[n 8 dea?1 z y sugge/1 ,i w\ld h bespoke my m\rn+4 ,%e is condemn$1 b n vanqui%$1 & leaves ! c\rt ) a /++ s>casm4 ,!y s5d h] to a h\se ( ,conv]tites3 ,v4,c4 ,a h\se ( ,conv]tites6 :at's t8 ,m4 ,a h\se ( p5it5t :ores4 ,v4,c4 ,d ! noblem5 ( ,rome ,erect x = _! wives1 t ,i am s5t ,to lodge !re8 ,*>les ,lamb 0 c]ta9ly 9 error8 :5 he describ$ ,vittoria's attitude z "o ( 'innoc5ce-resembl+ boldness4' ,9 ! trial sc5e1 no less ?an 9 ! sc5es ( alt]cation ) ,bra*iano & ,flam9eo1 ,web/] cle>ly int5d$ h] to pass = a magnific5t vix51 a beautiful & que5ly t]magant4 ,h] boldness is ! audacity ( impud5ce1 :i* does n condesc5d to ent]ta9 ! ?\ght ( guilt4 ,h] egotism is s h>d & s pr(\nd t ! v victims :om %e sacrifices to ambition seem 9 h] sight ju/ly puni%$4 ,( ,camillo & ,isabella1 h] husb& & 8 wife1 %e says to ,bra*iano3 ,& bo? 7 /ruck dead by t sacr$ yew1 ,9 t base %all[ grave t 0 _! due4 ,,iv ,x is tempt+ to pass f ?is analysis ( ,vittoria's life to a consid]ation ( ,web/]'s drama z a :ole1 especially 9 a book d$icat$ to ,italian byways4 ,= t my/]i\s man ( g5ius _h explor$ ! d>k & devi\s pa?s ( ,r5aissance vice1 & _h p5etrat$ ! secrets ( ,italian wick$ness ) truly appall+ lucidity4 ,8 trag$ies1 ?\gh wor?less z hi/orical docum5ts1 h s+ul> value z comm5t>ies ^u hi/ory1 z revelations to u ( ! _s ( ! sixte5? c5tury 9 its deepe/ gloom4 ,web/]'s plays1 ow+ to ! cond5sation ( _! ?\ght & ! compression ( _! /yle1 are n easy to read = ! fir/ "t4 ,he cr[ds s _m fanta/ic incid5ts into "o action1 & burd5s 8 disc\rse ) s mu* pr(\ndly /udi$ matt]1 t we rise f ! p]usal ( 8 works ) a blurr$ impression ( ! fables1 a deep s5se ( ! poet's p[] & p]sonality1 & an ineffaceable recollection ( "o or two respl5d5t sc5es4 ,8 ,roman hi/ory-play ( ',appius & ,virg9ia' proves t he und]/ood ! value ( a simple plot1 & t he 0 able1 :5 he *ose1 to "w "o out ) consci5ti\s calmness4 ,b ! two ,italian dramas ^u :i* 8 fame is ju/ly f\nd$1 by "r ( :i* he /&s alone among ! playwrights ( all lit]atures1 are m>k$ by a peculi> & wayw>d mann]ism4 ,ea* "p is et*$ ) equal ef=t aft] lum9\s effect ^u a back-gr\nd ( lurid d>kness2 & ! :ole play is made up ( ^! p>ts1 )\t due conc5tration on a ma/]-motive4 ,! *>act]s are def9ite 9 outl9e1 b1 tak5 toge!r 9 ! conduct ( a s+le plot1 !y seem to /& ap>t1 l figures 9 a tableau vivant2 nor d !y act & react ea* ^u ! o!r 9 ! play ( int]p5etrative passions4 ,t ?is mann]ism 0 delib]ately *os51 we h a "r to believe4 ',will+ly1 & n ignorantly1 9 ?is k9d h ,i fault$1' is ! answ] ,web/] gives to su* z may object t he has n con/ruct$ 8 plays ^u ! classic model4 ,he seems to h _h a c]ta9 sombre ri*ness ( tone & intricacy ( design 9 view1 comb9+ s5sational effect & s5t5ti\s pregnancy ( diction 9 works ( lab\r$ art1 :i*1 :5 adequately repres5t$ to ! e> & eye ^u ! /age1 might at a t\* obta9 ! animation !y n[ lack = *amb]-/ud5ts4 ,:5 famili>ity has br\ght u acqua9t$ ) 8 /yle1 :5 we h dis5tangl$ ! ma9 *>act]s & circum/ances f _! adjuncts1 we p]ceive t he treats poignant & trem5d\s situations ) a conc5trat$ vig\r special to 8 g5ius2 t he has /udi$ ea* ^w & trait ( "*1 & t he has prep>$ by gradual approa*es & degrees ( horror = ! culm9ation ( 8 trag$ies4 ,! s5t5ces :i* seem at fir/ sight copi$ f a commonplace book1 are f\nd to be appropriate4 ,brief lightn+ fla%es ( acute p]ception illum9ate ! midnight d>kness ( 8 all b unimag9ably deprav$ *>act]s4 ,%>p unexpect$ t\*es evoke humanity 9 ! fantocc9i ( 8 wayw>d art4 ,no dramati/ has %[n m consummate ability 9 height5+ t]rific effects1 9 lay+ b>e ! inn]mo/ my/]ies ( crime1 remorse1 & pa91 comb9$ to make m5 mis]able4 ,x has be5 said ( ,web/] t1 feel+ himself defici5t 9 ! fir/ poetic qualities1 he conc5trat$ 8 p[]s ^u "o po9t1 & a*iev$ success by %e] =ce ( self-cultivation4 ,!re is p]haps "s tru? 9 ?is4 ,at any rate1 8 g5ius 0 ( a n>r[ & peculi> ord]1 & he knew well h[ to make ! mo/ ( its limitations4 ,yet we mu/ n =get t he felt a natural bias t[>d ! dreadful /uff ) :i* he deals4 ,! my/]y ( iniquity _h an irresi/ible attraction = 8 m9d4 ,he 0 drawn to compreh5d & reproduce abnormal elem5ts ( spiritual angui%4 ,! mat]ials ) :i* he builds 8 trag$ies are s\ght = 9 ! ru9$ places ( lo/ s\ls1 9 ! agonies ( madness & despair1 9 ! s>casms ( crim9al & reckless a!ism1 9 sl[ tortures1 griefs beyond endurance1 ! tempe/s ( remorseful dea?1 ! spasms ( fratricidal blood%$4 ,he is (t5 melodramatic 9 ! means employ$ to br+ ^! psy*ological conditions home to u4 ,he makes too free use ( poison$ eng9es1 dagg]s1 pi/ols1 disguis$ murd]]s1 & s =?4 ,yet 8 firm grasp ^u ! ess5tial qualities ( diseas$ & guilty human nature saves him1 ev5 at 8 wilde/1 f ! unrealities & extravagances into :i* less pot5t arti/s ( ! drame sanglant--,m>/on1 = example--blund]$4 ,) ,web/]1 ! t5d5cy to brood on horrors 0 no result ( calculation4 ,x belong$ to 8 idiosyncrasy4 ,he seems to h be5 suckl$ f bir? at ! brea/ ( t ,mat] ,t5ebr>um1 our ,lady ( ,d>kness1 :om ,de ,qu9cey 9 "o ( 8 ',suspiria de ,pr(undis' describes among ! ,semnai ,!ai1 ! augu/ goddesses1 ! my/]i\s fo/]-nurses ( suff]+ humanity4 ,he _c say ! simple/ ?+ )\t giv+ x a gha/ly or s9i/] turn4 ,if "o ( 8 *>act]s draws a metaphor f pie-cru/1 he mu/ ne$s use language ( ! *ur*y>d3 ,y speak z if a man ,%\ld "k :at f[l is c(f9$ 9 a bak$ meat ,a=e y cut x op54 ,hide\s similes are heap$ toge!r 9 illu/ration ( ! commone/ circum/ances3 ,places at c\rt are b l b$s 9 ! hospital1 :]e ?is man's head lies at t man's foot1 & s l[] & l[]4 ,:5 knaves come to pref]m5t1 !y rise z gall[ses are rais$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 "o ^u ano!r's %\ld]s4 ,i w\ld soon] eat a dead pigeon tak5 f ! soles ( ! feet ( "o sick ( ! plague ?an kiss "o ( y fa/+4 ,a soldi] is twitt$ ) s]v+ 8 ma/]3 ,z wit*es d _! s]viceable spirits1 ,ev5 ) ?y prodigal blood4 ,an adult]\s c\ple get ?is curse3 ,l mi/letoe on se> elms sp5t by wea!r1 ,let him cleave to h]1 & bo? rot toge!r4 ,a bravo is ask$3 ,do/ ?\ imag9e ?\ can/ slide on blood1 ,& n be ta9t$ ) a %ameful fall8 ,or1 l ! black & melan*olic yew-tree1 ,do/ ?9k to root ?yself 9 dead m5's graves1 ,& yet to prosp]8 ,x is dang]\s to extract philosophy ( life f any dramati/4 ,yet ,web/] s (t5 returns to d>k & doleful m$itations1 t we may fairly class him among con/itutional pessimi/s4 ,m51 accord+ to ! grimness ( 8 melan*oly1 are3 ,only l dead walls or vault$ graves1 ,t1 ru9$1 yield no e*o4 ,o ?is gloomy _w6 ,9 :at a %ad[ or deep pit ( d>kness ,do? womani% & fe>ful mank9d live6 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are m]ely ! />s' t5nis-balls1 /ruck & b&$ ,:i* way please !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pleasure ( life6 :at is't8 only ! good h\rs ( an ague4 ,a ,du*ess is 'br\ght to mortification1' be=e h] /rangl+ by ! execution]1 9 ?is high fanta/ical oration3 ,?\ art a box ( worm-se$1 at be/ b a salvatory ( gre5 mummy4 ,:at's ?is fle%8 ,a little crudd$ milk1 fanta/ical puff-pa/e1 c4 c4 ,man's life 9 its totality is summ$ up ) mona/ic cynicism 9 ^! lyric v]ses3 ,( :at is't fools make su* va9 keep+8 ,s9 _! conception1 _! bir? weep+1 ,_! life a g5]al mi/ ( error1 ,_! dea? a hide\s /orm ( t]ror4 ,! greatness ( ! _w passes by ) all its glory3 ,va9 ! ambition ( k+s1 ,:o seek by trophies & dead ?+s ,to leave a liv+ "n beh9d1 ,& weave b nets to cat* ! w9d4 ,x w\ld be easy to surfeit criticism ) simil> examples2 :]e ,web/] is writ+ 9 s>ca/ic1 m$itative1 or delib]ately t]ror-/irr+ moods4 ,! same d>k dye ( 8 imag9ation %[s itself ev5 m significantly 9 circum/ances :]e1 9 ! "w ( any o!r arti/1 x w\ld inevitably m> ! h>mony ( ! picture4 ,a lady1 to select "o in/ance1 enc\rages h] lov] to embrace h] at ! mom5t ( 8 happ9ess4 ,%e cries3 ,sir1 be confid5t6 ,:at is't di/racts y8 ,?is is fle% & blood1 sir2 ',tis n ! figure cut 9 alaba/]1 ,kneels at my husb&'s tomb4 ,yet s su/a9$ is ,web/]'s symphony ( sombre t9ts1 t we d n feel ?is sepul*ral language1 ?is 'talk fit = a *>nel' 7to use "o ( 8 own phrases71 to be out ( keep+4 ,x s\nds l a pres5tim5t ( com+ woes1 :i*1 z ! drama gr[s to its conclusion1 ga!r & d>k5 on ! wret*$ victims ( 8 bloody plot4 ,x 0 ) pr(\nd sagacity1 or l$ by "s deep-root$ in/9ct1 t ,web/] s\ght ! fables ( 8 two great trag$ies1 ',! ,:ite ,devil' & ',! ,du*ess ( ,malfi1' 9 ,italian annals4 ,:e!r he _h visit$ ,italy 9 8 y\?1 we _c say2 = next to no?+ is kn[n ab\t ,web/]'s life4 ,b t he _h gaz$ long & e>ne/ly into ! mirror held up by t en*antress ( ! nations 9 8 age1 is c]ta94 ,agha/ & fasc9at$ by ! s9s he saw !re flaunt+ 9 ! light ( day--s9s on ^: p]nici\s glam\r ,as*am1 ,gre5e1 & ,h[ell h insi/$ ) impressive vehem5ce--,web/] disc]n$ 9 !m ! /uff he ne$$ = philosophy & art4 ,)draw+ f t contemplation1 he 0 l a _s 'loos$ out ( hell to speak ( horrors4' ,deep] ?an any poet ( ! "t1 deep] ?an any ev5 ( ! ,italians1 he read ! riddle ( ! sph9x ( crime4 ,he f\nd !re some?+ ak9 to 8 own imag9ative mood1 some?+ :i* he alone c\ld fully compreh5d & int]pret4 ,f ! sup]ficial n>ratives ( writ]s l ,b&ello he extract$ a spiritual ess5ce :i* 01 if n ! lit]al1 at lea/ ! ideal1 tru? involv$ 9 !m4 ,! enorm\s & unnatural vices1 ! dome/ic crimes ( cruelty1 adult]y1 & blood%$1 ! political s*em+ & ! subtle arts ( v5geance1 ! ecclesia/ical tyranny & craft1 ! cynical scepticism & lu/re ( luxuri\s godlessness1 :i* made ,italy 9 ! mid/ ( h] ref9em5t blaze l 'a bright & om9\s />' be=e ! nations2 ^! 7 ! v elem5ts 9 :i* ! g5ius ( ,web/]--salam&]-l 9 flame--c\ld live & fl\ri%4 ,only ! incid5ts ( ,italian hi/ory1 or ( ,fr5* hi/ory 9 its ,italianat$ epo*1 7 capable ( supply+ him ) ! prop] type ( plot4 ,x 0 9 ,italy alone1 or 9 an ,italianat$ c\ntry1 su* z ,engl& = a brief space 9 ! reign ( ! fir/ ,/u>t ?reat5$ to become1 t ! well-nigh diabolical wick$ness ( 8 *>act]s might h be5 realis$4 ,an audi5ce famili> ) ,italian novels ?r\gh ,belle=e/ & ,pa9t]1 inflam$ by ! long /ruggle ( ! ,re=mation aga9/ ! sc>let abom9ations ( ! ,papal ,see1 outrag$ 9 _! moral s5se by ! political p>adoxes ( ,ma*iavelli1 horror-/rick5 at ! /ill rec5t misdo+s ( ,borgias & ,m$ici & ,f>nesi1 al>m$ by t ,italian policy :i* _h conceiv$ ! massacre ( ,s4 ,b>?olomew 9 ,france1 & infuriat$ by t ecclesia/ical hypocrisy :i* triumph$ 9 ! same2 su* an audi5ce 7 at ! "r po9t ( sympa?y ) a poet :o und]took to lay ! spr+s ( ,s\!rn villany be=e !m b>e 9 a dramatic action4 ,b1 z ! old prov]b puts x1 ',+lese ,italianato un diavolo inc>nato4' ',an ,engli%man assum+ ! ,italian habit is a devil 9 ! fle%4' ,! ,italians 7 deprav$1 b spiritually feeble4 ,! ,engli% playwright1 :5 he br\ght !m on ! /age1 array$ ) intellectual p[] & gleam+ ) ! lurid spl5d\r ( a ,nor!rn fancy1 made !m t5fold d>k] & m t]rible4 ,to ! subtlety & vices ( ! ,s\? he add$ ! melan*oly1 m$itation1 & s9i/] insanity ( 8 own climate4 ,he deep5$ ! complexion ( crime & int5sifi$ lawlessness by robb+ ! ,italian "* ( levity4 ,s91 9 8 conception ( t "*1 0 complicat$ ) ! s5se ( s91 z x nev] _h be5 9 a ,flor5t9e or a ,neapolitan4 ,he _h n grasp$ ! mean+ ( ! ,ma*iavellian consci5ce1 9 its cold s]5ity & dis5gagem5t f ! dread ( moral consequ5ce4 ,n only are 8 villa9s /eal?y1 frigid1 quick to evil1 m]ciless1 & void ( hon\r2 b !y brood ^u _! crimes & analyse _! motives4 ,9 ! mid/ ( _! audacity !y are dogg$ by dread ( com+ retribution4 ,at ! crisis ( _! de/9y !y look back ^u _! bett] days ) intellectual remorse4 ,9 ! execution ( _! bloodie/ s*emes !y groan b5ea? ! *a9s ( guilt !y we>1 & quake be=e ! phantoms ( _! haunt$ bra9s4 ,?us passion & reflection1 sup]/ition & pr(anity1 delib]ate atrocity & fe> ( judgm5t1 are unit$ 9 ! same nature2 & to make ! complex /ill m /range1 ! play-wright has gift$ ^! trem5d\s p]sonalities ) 8 own wild hum\r & imag9ative irony4 ,! result is almo/ mon/r\s1 su* an ideal ( "* z makes e>? hell4 ,& yet x is n )\t ju/ification4 ,to ! ,italian text has be5 add$ ! ,teutonic comm5t>y1 & bo? are fus$ by a dramatic g5ius into "o liv+ :ole4 ,"o ( ^! m5 is ,flam9eo1 ! bro!r ( ,vittoria ,corombona1 ^u ^: "p ! action ( ! ',:ite ,devil' dep5ds4 ,he has be5 br$ 9 arts & lett]s at ! univ]sity ( ,padua2 b be+ poor & ( luxuri\s appetites1 he *ooses ! pa? ( crime 9 c\rts = 8 advancem5t4 ,a duke adopts him = 8 m9ion1 & ,flam9eo acts ! p&] to ?is great man's lu/4 ,he contrives ! dea? ( 8 bro!r-9-law1 suborns a doctor to poison ! ,duke's wife1 & arranges secret meet+s betwe5 8 si/] & ! p>am\r :o is to make h] =tune & 8 own4 ,8 "m appe>s l a w>n+ ,at to prev5t h] daught]'s crime4 ,9 8 rage he cries3 ,:at fury rais$ !e up8 ,away1 away6 ,& :5 %e pleads ! hon\r ( _! h\se he answ]s3 ,%all ,i1 ,hav+ a pa? s op5 & s free ,to my pref]m5t1 /ill reta9 y\r milk ,9 my pale =ehead8 ,lat] on1 :5 x is necess>y to remove ano!r victim1 he runs 8 own bro!r ?r\gh ! body & drives 8 "m to madness4 ,yet1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! crimes1 we are unable to reg>d him z a simple cut-?roat4 ,8 irony & reckless c\rt+ ( damnation op5-ey$ to get 8 gu/ ( life 9 ?is _w1 make him no common villa94 ,he c be brave z well z fi]ce4 ,:5 ! ,duke insults him he b&ies taunt = taunt3 ,bra*4 ,no1 y p&]8 ,flam4 ,:at1 me1 my "l8 ,am ,i y\r dog8 ,b4 ,a bloodh\nd2 d y brave1 d y /& me8 ,f4 ,/& y6 let ^? t h diseases run2 ,i ne$ no pla/]s4 ,b4 ,w\ld y be kick$8 ,f4 ,w\ld y h y\r neck broke8 ,i tell y1 duke1 ,i am n 9 ,russia2 ,my %9s mu/ be kept :ole4 ,b4 ,d y "k me8 ,f4 ,oh1 my "l1 me?odically3 ,z 9 ?is _w !re are degrees ( evils1 ,s 9 ?is _w !re are degrees ( devils4 ,y're a great duke1 ,i y\r poor secret>y4 ,:5 ! ,duke dies & 8 prey escapes him1 ! rage ( disappo9tm5t breaks into ?is fi]ce apo/rophe3 ,i _c conjure2 b if pray]s or oa?s4 ,w get ! spee* ( him1 ?\gh =ty devils ,wait on him 9 8 liv]y ( flames1 ,i'll speak to him & %ake him by ! h&1 ,?\gh ,i be bla/$4 ,z crimes ?ick5 r\nd him1 & he /ill despairs ( ! rew>d = :i* he sold himself1 consci5ce awakes3 ,i h liv$ ,riot\sly ill1 l "s t live 9 c\rt1 ,& sometimes :5 my face 0 full ( smiles ,h felt ! maze ( consci5ce 9 my brea/4 ,! s*ol>'s scepticism1 :i* lies at ! root ( 8 p]v]sity1 f9ds utt]ance 9 ?is m$itation ^u dea?3 ,:i!r %all ,i g n[8 ,o ,lucian1 ?y ridicul\s purgatory6 to f9d ,alex&] ! ,great cobbl+ %oes1 ,pompey tagg+ po9ts1 & ,julius ,cs> mak+ hair-buttons6 ,:e!r ,i resolve to fire1 e>?1 wat]1 air1 or all ! elem5ts by scruples1 ,i "k n1 nor greatly c>e4 ,at ! la/ mom5t he yet c say3 ,we cease to grieve1 cease to be ,=tune's slaves1 ,nay1 cease to die1 by dy+4 ,& aga91 ) ! v yield+ ( 8 _s3 ,my life 0 a black *>nel4 ,x w be se5 t 9 no s5se does ,flam9eo resemble ,iago4 ,he is n a traitor work+ by craft & calculat+ ability to well-consid]$ ends4 ,he is ! desp]ado frantically clut*+ at an unc]ta9 & impossible satisfaction4 ,web/] conceives him z a self-ab&on$ a!i/1 :o1 madd5$ by pov]ty & ta9t$ by vici\s liv+1 takes a fury to 8 he>t1 &1 because ! goodness ( ! _w has be5 = ev] lo/ to him1 recklessly seeks ! bad4 ,bosola1 9 ! ',du*ess ( ,malfi1' is ( ! same /amp4 ,he too has be5 a s*ol>4 ,he is s5t to ! galleys '= a notori\s murd]1' & on 8 release he ent]s ! s]vice ( two bro!rs1 ! ,duke ( ,calabria & ! ,c>d9al ( ,aragon1 :o place him z _! intellig5c] at ! c\rt ( _! si/]4 ,bos4 ,x seems y w\ld create me ,"o ( y\r famili>s4 ,f]d4 ,famili>6 :at's t8 ,bos4 ,:y1 a v qua9t invisible devil 9 fle%1 ,an intellig5c]4 ,f]d4 ,su* a k9d ( ?riv+ ?+ ,i w\ld wi% !e2 & ere long ?\ may'/ arrive ,at a high] place by x4 ,lur$ by hope ( pref]m5t1 ,bosola und]takes ! (fice ( spy1 torm5tor1 & at la/ ( execution]4 ,=3 ,discont5t & want ,is ! be/ clay to m\ld a villa9 (4 ,b 8 true self1 ?\gh subdu$ to be :at he qua9tly /yles '! devil's quilt$ anvil1' on :i* 'all s9s are fa%ion$ & ! bl[s nev] he>d1' cont9ually rebels aga9/ ?is de/9y4 ,comp>$ ) ,flam9eo1 he is less unnaturally crim9al4 ,8 melan*oly is m fanta/ic1 8 despair m noble4 ,?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( craft & cruelty on :i* he is goad$ by a rel5tless taskma/]1 8 nature1 h>d5$ z x is1 revolts4 ,at ! end1 :5 ,bosola pres5ts ! body ( ! murd]$ ,du*ess to h] bro!r1 ,web/] has wr\ght a sc5e ( tragic savag]y t surpasses almo/ any o!r t ! ,engli% /age c %[4 ,! sight1 ( 8 dead si/] madd5s ,f]d9&1 :o1 feel+ ! eclipse ( reason gradually absorb 8 faculties1 turns r\nd ) fr5zi$ hatr$ on ! accomplice ( 8 fratricide4 ,bosola dem&s ! price ( guilt4 ,f]d9& spurns him ) ! conc5trat$ eloqu5ce ( despair & ! extravagance ( approa*+ insanity4 ,! murd]] taunts 8 ma/] coldly & laconically1 l a man ^: life is wreck$1 :o has wad$ ?r\gh blood to 8 rew>d1 & :o at ! la/ mom5t discov]s ! sacrifice ( 8 consci5ce & mascul9e fre$om to be fruitless4 ,remorse1 fru/rat$ hopes1 & ?ir/ = v5geance conv]t ,bosola f ?is h\r =w>d into an in/rum5t ( retribution4 ,! ,duke & 8 bro!r ! ,c>d9al are bo? br\ght to bloody dea?s by ! h& :i* !y _h us$ to assass9ate _! si/]4 ,x is fitt+ t some?+ %\ld be said ab\t ,web/]'s conception ( ! ,italian despot4 ,bra*iano & ,f]d9&1 ! employ]s ( ,flam9eo & ,bosola1 are tyrants su* z ,savon>ola describ$1 & z we read ( 9 ! *ronicles ( petty ,s\!rn cities4 ,no?+ is suff]$ to /& betwe5 _! lu/ & its accompli%m5t4 ,!y ov]ride ! law by viol5ce1 or p]v]t its action to _! own advantage3 ,! law to him ,is l a f\l black cobweb to a spid]2 ,he makes x 8 dwell+ & a prison ,to entangle ^? %all fe$ him4 ,!y are eat5 up ) p>asites1 accomplices1 & all ! creatures ( _! crimes3 ,he & 8 bro!r are l plum-trees t gr[ crook$ ov] /&+ pools2 !y are ri* & ov]-lad5 ) fruit1 b none b cr[s1 pies1 & cat]pill>s fe$ on !m4 ,9 _! lives !y are )\t a fri5d2 = society 9 guilt br+s n\ght ( com=t1 & hon\rs are b empt9ess3 ,glories1 l gl[-worms1 af> (f %9e bright2 ,b look$ to ne>1 h nei!r heat nor light4 ,_! plots & c\nt]plots drive repose f> f !m3 ,!re's b ?ree furies f\nd 9 spaci\s hell2 ,b 9 a great man's brea/ ?ree ?\s& dwell4 ,fe>ful %apes afflict _! fancy2 %ad[s ( ance/ral crime or gho/s ( _! own rais+3 ,= ^! _m ye>s ,none ( our family dies1 b !re is se5 ,! %ape ( an old woman2 :i* is giv5 ,by tradition to u to h be5 murd]$ ,by h] nephews = h] ri*es4 ,app>itions haunt !m3 ,h[ t$i\s is a guilty consci5ce6 ,:5 ,i look into ! fi%-ponds 9 my g>d51 ,me?9ks ,i see a ?+ arm$ ) a rake ,t seems to /rike at me4 ,cont9ually s*em+ aga9/ ! objects ( _! av>ice & hatr$1 prep>+ poisons or suborn+ bravoes1 !y "k t ^! same arts w be employ$ aga9/ !m4 ,! w9e-cup hides ars5ic2 ! headpiece is sme>$ ) antimony2 !re is a dagg] beh9d e arras1 & ea* %ad[ is a murd]]'s4 ,:5 dea? comes1 !y meet x trembl+4 ,:at irony ,web/] has cond5s$ 9 ,bra*iano's outcry3 ,on pa9 ( dea?1 let no man "n dea? to me2 ,x is a ^w inf9itely horrible4 ,& h[ solemn are ! foll[+ reflections on ! dea? ( pr9ces3 ,o ?\ s(t natural dea?1 t art jo9t-tw9 ,to sweete/ slumb]6 no r\gh-be>d$ comet ,/>es on ?y mild dep>ture2 ! dull owl ,beats n aga9/ ?y casem5t1 ! ho>se wolf ,sc5ts n ?y c>rion3 pity w9ds ?y corse1 ,:il/ horror waits on pr9ces4 ,aft] _! dea?1 ?is is _! epitaph3 ,^! wret*$ em95t ?+s ,leave no m fame beh9d'em ?an %\ld "o ,fall 9 a fro/ & leave 8 pr9t 9 sn[4 ,( ,web/]'s despots1 ! f9e/ 9 conception & ! firme/ 9 execution is ,f]d9& ( ,aragon4 ,jeal\sy ( 8 si/] & av>ice take possession ( him & torm5t him l furies4 ,! fla% ( rep5tance ov] h] /rangl$ body is also ! fir/ fla% ( insanity4 ,he survives to pres5t ! spectacle ( a craz$ lunatic1 & to be run ?r\gh ! body by 8 paid assass94 ,9 ! ,c>d9al ( ,aragon1 ,web/] pa9ts a pr(ligate ,*ur*man1 no less voluptu\s1 blood-guilty1 & ! re/ ( x1 ?an 8 bro!r ! ,duke ( ,calabria4 ,x seems to h be5 ! poet's purpose 9 ea* ( 8 ,italian trag$ies to unmask ,rome z ! ,papal city really 04 ,9 ! lawless desp]ado1 ! intemp]ate tyrant1 & ! godless ecclesia/ic1 he portray$ ! ?ree curses f :i* ,italian society 0 actually suff]+4 ,x has be5 ne$ful to dwell ^u ! gloomy & fanta/ic side ( ,web/]'s g5ius4 ,b x mu/ n be ?\ght t he c\ld t\* no f9] *ord4 ,inde$1 x might be said t 9 ! doma9 ( pa?os he is ev5 m p[]ful ?an 9 t ( horror4 ,8 ma/]y 9 ?is region is display$ 9 ! creation ( t dignifi$ & beautiful woman1 ! ,du*ess ( ,malfi1 :o1 ) no?+ 9 h] nature1 _h %e b liv$ prosp]\sly1 to divide h] f ! si/]hood ( g5tle ladies1 walks1 %r9$ 9 love & purity & consci\s rectitude1 amid ! sn>es & pitfalls ( h] p]secutors1 to die at la/ ! victim ( a bro!r's fev]$ av>ice & a desp]ado's egoti/ical ambition4 ,! app>atus ( inf]nal cruelty1 ! dead man's h&1 ! semblances ( murd]$ sons & husb&1 ! masque ( madm51 ! dirge & doleful emblems ( ! tomb ) :i* %e is environ$ 9 h] prison by ! tortur]s :o seek to goad h] into lunacy1 are insuffici5t to di/urb ! tranquillity & t5d]ness ( h] nature4 ,:5 ! rope is be+ fa/5$ to h] ?roat1 %e does n sp5d h] brea? 9 recrim9ations1 b turns to ! wait+-woman & says3 ,f>ewell1 ,c>iola6 ,i pray !e look ?\ give/ my little boy ,"s syrup = 8 cold1 & let ! girl ,say h] pray]s ere %e sleep4 ,9 ! prec$+ sc5es we h _h en\gh1 nay1 ov]-mu*1 ( madness1 despair1 & wre/l+ ) doom4 ,?is is ! calm t comes :5 dea? is pres5t1 :5 ! tortur$ s\l lays d[n its burd5 ( ! fle% ) gladness4 ,b ,web/] has n sp>$ ano!r t\* ( ?rill+ pa?os4 ,! dea?-/ruggle is ov]2 ! fratricide has ru%$ away1 a madd5$ man2 ! murd]] is gaz+ ) remorse ^u ! beautiful dead body ( 8 lady1 wi%+ he _h ! _w :]e) to buy h] back to life aga92 :5 sudd5ly %e murmurs ',m]cy6' ,our int]e/1 already ov]/ra9$1 revives ) mom5t>y hope4 ,b ! gu>dians ( ! grave w n be exorcis$2 & ',m]cy6' is ! la/ groan ( ! injur$ ,du*ess4 ,web/] %[$ great skill 9 8 del9eation ( ! ,du*ess4 ,he _h to pa9t a woman 9 a haz>d\s situation3 a sov]eign /oop+ 9 h] wid[hood to w$ a s]vant2 a lady liv+ ) ! my/]y ( ?is unequal m>riage r\nd h] l a veil4 ,he d[]$ h] ) no sali5t qualities ( intellect or he>t or w2 b he su/a9$ our sympa?y ) h]1 & made u compreh5d h]4 ,to ! la/ %e is a ,du*ess2 & :5 %e has dive/$ /ate & b[$ h] head to ent] ! l[ gate ( heav5--too l[ = coronets--h] poet %[s u1 9 ! l9es already quot$1 t ! woman /ill survives4 ,! same pa?os surr\nds ! melan*oly portrait ( ,isabella 9 ',vittoria ,corombona4' ,b ,isabella1 9 t play1 s]ves *iefly to enhance ! tyranny ( h] triumphant rival4 ,! ma9 difficulty "u :i* ^! sc5es ( r>e/ pa?os w\ld lab\r1 7 !y br\ght ^u ! /age1 is _! simplicity 9 contra/ ) ! gha/ly & contort$ horrors t envelop !m4 ,a dialogue ab\nd+ 9 ! passages ,i h already quot$--a dialogue :i* b&ies ',o y scree*-owl6' & ',?\ f\l black cl\d6'--9 :i* a si/]'s admonition to h] bro!r to ?9k twice ( suicide assumes a =m s weird z ?is3 ,i pri!e1 yet rememb]1 ,millions are n[ 9 graves1 :i* at la/ day ,l m&rakes %all rise %riek+4-- su* a dialogue c\ld n be r5d]$ save by actors /rung up to a pit* ( almo/ fr5zi$ t5sion4 ,to d full ju/ice to :at 9 ,web/]'s /yle w\ld be spasmodic 7 x n s weighty1 & at ! same "t to ma9ta9 ! purity ( outl9e & melodi\s rhy?m ( su* *>act]s z ,isabella1 dem&s no common hi/rionic p[]4 ,9 attempt+ to def9e ,web/]'s t\* ^u ,italian tragic /ory1 ,i h be5 l$ p]=ce to conc5trate att5tion on :at is pa9ful & %ock+ to our s5se ( h>mony 9 art4 ,he 0 a vigor\s & pr(\ndly imag9ative playwright4 ,b 8 mo/ en?usia/ic admir]s w h>dly cont5d t good ta/e or mod]ation det]m9$ ! movem5t ( 8 g5ius4 ,nor1 ?\gh 8 insight into ! ess5tial dreadfulness ( ,italian trag$y 0 s deep1 is x possible to ma9ta9 t 8 portraiture ( ,italian life 0 true to its m sup]ficial aspects4 ,:at place w\ld !re be = a ,correggio or a ,raphael 9 su* a _w z ,web/]'s8 ,yet we "k t ! art ( ,raphael & ,correggio is 9 exact h>mony ) ! ,italian temp]am5t ( ! same epo* :i* gave bir? to ,ces>e ,borgia & ,bianca ,gapello4 ,! comp>atively slight] sket* ( ,ia*imo 9 ',cymbel9e' repres5ts ! ,italian z he felt & liv$1 bett] ?an ! lab\r$ portrait ( ,flam9eo4 ,web/]'s ,italian trag$ies are consequ5tly true1 n s mu* to ! actual conditions ( ,italy1 z to ! moral impression made by ^? conditions on a ,nor!rn imag9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,autumn ,,w&]+s ,i4--,,italiam ,,petimus ,italiam ,petimus6 ,we left our upl& home be=e daybreak on a cle> ,octob] morn+4 ,!re _h be5 a h>d fro/1 spangl+ ! mead[s ) rime-cry/als1 :i* tw9kl$ :]e ! sun's rays t\*$ !m4 ,m5 & wom5 7 m[+ ! froz5 grass ) ?9 %ort ,alp9e scy!s2 & z ! swa!s fell1 !y gave a crisp1 an almo/ t9kl+ s\nd4 ,d[n into ! gorge1 surnam$ ( ,avalan*e1 our horses plung$2 & !re we lo/ ! sun%9e till we rea*$ ! ,be>'s ,walk1 op5+ ^u ! vales ( ,albula1 & ,juli]1 & ,s*yn4 ,b up above1 %one morn+ light ^u fre% sn[1 & /eep torr5t-clov5 slopes r$d5+ ) a hundr$ fad+ plants2 n[ & !n x caught ! grey-gre5 icicles t hung f cliffs :]e summ] /reams _h dripp$4 ,!re is no col\r loveli] ?an ! blue ( an autumn sky 9 ! high ,alps1 def9+ ridges p[d]$ ) light sn[1 & melt+ imp]ceptibly d[nw>d into ! w>m yell[ ( ! l>*es & ! crimson ( ! bilb]ry4 ,wies5 0 radiantly beautiful3 ^? arial ranges ( ! hills t sep>ate ,albula f ,juli] so>$ cry/al-cle> above _! =e/s2 & = a =egr\nd1 on ! gre5 fields />r$ ) lilac crocuses1 c>e]$ a gr\p ( *ildr5 on _! sl$ges4 ,!n came ! r[ ( giant peaks--,pitz d',aela1 ,t9z5horn1 & ,mi*elhorn1 above ! deep rav9e ( ,albula--all se5 across wide undulat+ gold5 sw>ds1 close-%av5 & await+ w9t]4 ,c>nations hung f cottage w9d[s 9 full bloom1 ca/+ %>p angul> black %ad[s on :ite walls4 ,italiam petimus6 ,we h climb$ ! valley ( ! ,juli]1 foll[+ its gre51 transp>5t torr5t4 ,a night has come & gone at ,mhl54 ,! /ream /ill leads u up1 dim9i%+ 9 volume z we rise1 up ?r\gh ! fleecy mi/s t roll asund] = ! sun1 disclos+ f>-(f sn[y ridges & blocks ( granite m\nta9s4 ,! lifeless1 s\ndless wa/e ( rock1 :]e only ?9 w9ds :i/le out ( sil5ce & fade sudd5ly into /ill air1 is pass$4 ,!n comes ! desc5t1 ) its =e/s ( l>* & cembra1 gold5 & d>k gre5 ^u a gr\nd ( grey1 & 9 front ! s]ri$ %afts ( ! ,b]n9a1 & "h & !re a glimpse ( em]ald lake at turn+s ( ! road4 ,autumn is ! season = ?is l&scape4 ,?r\gh ! fad+ ( innum]able leaflets1 ! yell[+ ( l>*es1 & some?+ vapor\s 9 ! l[ sun1 x ga9s a col\r n unlike t ( ! l&s we seek4 ,by ! side ( ! lake at ,silvaplana ! light 0 /rong & w>m1 b mell[4 ,pe>ly cl\ds hung ov] ! ,maloja1 & float+ ov]head ca/ %ad[s on ! opaque wat]1 :i* may lit]ally be comp>$ to *rysoprase4 ,! bread? ( gold51 br[n1 & russet t9ts ^u ! valley at ?is mom5t adds s(tness to its l9es ( level /r5g?4 ,devotees ( ! ,engad9e cont5d t x possesses an au/]e *>m beyond ! common beauty ( ,swiss l&scape2 b ?is *>m is only p]fect$ 9 autumn4 ,! fre% sn[ on ! heights t gu>d x helps4 ,& !n !re are ! =e/s ( d>k p9es ^u ^? _m knolls & undulat+ m\nta9-flanks beside ! lakes4 ,sitt+ & dream+ !re 9 noonday sun1 ,i kept repeat+ to myself ,italiam petimus6 ,a hurricane blew upw>d f ! pass z we left ,silvaplana1 ruffl+ ! lake ) gu/s ( ! ,italian w9d4 ,by ,silz ,m>ia we came 9 sight ( a doz5 ,italian workm51 arm l9k$ 9 arm 9 two r[s1 tramp+ 9 rhy?mic /ride1 & s++ z !y w5t4 ,two ( !m 7 su* nobly built "y m51 t = a mom5t ! beauty ( ! l&scape fad$ f my sight1 & ,i 0 sadd5$4 ,!y mov$ to _! s++1 l "s ( ,mason's or ,fr$]ick ,walk]'s figures1 ) ! free grace ( liv+ /atues1 & laugh$ z we drove by4 ,& yet1 ) all _! beauty1 indu/ry1 sobriety1 intellig5ce1 ^! ,italians ( ! nor!rn valleys s]ve ! /]n] p ( ! ,grisons l negroes1 do+ _! r\ghe/ "w at scanty wages4 ,s we came to ! va/ ,alp9e wall1 & /ood on a b>e granite slab1 & look$ ov] into ,italy1 z m5 might lean f ! battlem5ts ( a =tress4 ,beh9d lies ! ,alp9e valley1 grim1 decl9+ sl[ly nor?w>d1 ) w9d-la%$ lakes & glaci]s sprawl+ f /orm-brok5 pyramids ( gneiss4 ,bel[ spread ! unfa?omable dep?s t lead to ,lomb>dy1 flood$ ) sunlight1 fill$ ) swirl+ vap\r1 b nev] :olly hidd5 f our sight4 ,= ! bla/ kept %ift+ ! cl\d-masses1 & ! sun /ream$ ?r\gh 9 spe>s & b&s ( %e5y rays4 ,ov] ! p>apet our horses dropp$1 d[n ?r\gh sable spruce & amb] l>*1 d[n betwe5 tangles ( r[an & autumnal und]wood4 ,ev] z we sank1 ! m\nta9s rose--^? %>p embattl$ precipices1 toppl+ spires1 imp5d5t *asms blurr$ ) mi/1 t make ! entrance into ,italy sublime4 ,n[h]e d ! ,alps exhibit _! full /ature1 _! comm&+ puissance1 ) su* maje/y z 9 ! gates ( ,italy2 & ( all ^? gates ,i ?9k !re is none to comp>e ) ,maloja1 none c]ta9ly to rival x 9 abruptness ( initiation into ! ,italian secret4 ,bel[ ,vico ,soprano we pass already into ! violets & blues ( ,titian's l&scape4 ,!n come ! purple b\ld]s among *e/nut trees2 !n ! d\ble dolomite-l peak ( ,pitz ,bad9 & ,promontogno4 ,x is sad t words c d ev5 less ?an pa9t+ c\ld to br+ ?is w9d[-sc5e at ,promontogno be=e ano!r eye4 ,! casem5t j frames x4 ,9 ! =egr\nd are mead[ slopes1 ?9ly1 caprici\sly plant$ ) *e/nut trees & walnuts1 ea* /&+ ) its %ad[ ca/ ^u ! sw>d4 ,a little f>!r falls ! torr5t1 foam+ d[n betwe5 black jaws ( ra9-/a9$ granite1 ) ! wood5 build+s ( a ru/ic mill set on a l$ge ( rock4 ,sudd5ly above ?is l&scape so>s ! valley1 clo?+ its /eep sides on ei!r h& ) p9es2 & !re are em]ald isles ( pa/ure on ! wood$ flanks2 & !n cliffs1 :]e ! r$-/emm$ l>*es gl[2 & at ! summit1 %oot+ into e!r ) a swa! ( mi/ ar\nd _! basem5t1 so> ! d\ble peaks1 ! "o a pyramid1 ! o!r a bold brok5 cry/al n unlike ! ,f9/]a>horn se5 f ,furka4 ,^! are connect$ by a sn[y saddle1 & sn[ is ly+ on _! inaccessible crags 9 p[d]y drifts4 ,sunlight p\rs betwe5 !m into ! rav9e4 ,! gre5 & gold5 =e/s n[ jo9 f ei!r side1 & n[ rec$e1 accord+ z ! s9u\s valley br+s _! l9es toge!r or disp>ts !m4 ,!re is a s\nd ( c[-bells on ! mead[s2 & ! ro> ( ! /ream is dull$ or quick5$ z ! gu/s ( ?is ,octob] w9d sweep by or slack54 ,italiam petimus6 ,tangimus ,italiam6 ,*iav5na is a wor?y key to ?is great gate ,italian4 ,we walk$ at night 9 ! op5 gall]ies ( ! ca!dral cloi/]--:ite1 smoo?ly curv+1 well-proportion$ loggie1 enclos+ a gre5 space1 :5ce so>s ! campanile to ! />s4 ,! moon _h sunk1 b h] light /ill silv]$ ! m\nta9s t /& at wat* r\nd ,*iav5na2 & ! ca/le rock 0 flat & black aga9/ t dreamy backgr\nd4 ,jupit]1 :o walk$ s lately = u on ! long ridge ( ! ,jacob%orn above our p9es1 _h n[ an ample space ( sky ov] ,lomb>dy to light 8 lamp 94 ,:y is x1 we ask$ ea* o!r1 z we smok$ our pipes & /roll$1 my fri5d & ,i2--:y is x t ,italian beauty does n leave ! _s s untr\bl$ z an ,alp9e sc5e8 ,:y d we "h desire ! fl[] ( "s em]g5t feel+ to gr[ f ! air1 or f ! soil1 or f humanity to greet u8 ,?is s5se ( want evok$ by ,s\!rn beauty is p]haps ! antique my?opic ye>n+4 ,b 9 our p]plex$ life x takes ano!r =m1 & seems ! long+ = emotion1 ev] fleet+1 ev] new1 unrealis$1 unreal1 insatiable4 ,,ii4--,,ov] ,,! ,,ap5n9es ,at ,p>ma we slept 9 ! ,alb]go della ,croce ,bianca1 :i* is m a bric--brac %op ?an an inn2 & slept b badly1 = ! good folk ( ,p>ma twang$ guit>s & ex]cis$ _! ho>se male voices all night 9 ! /reet bel[4 ,we 7 glad :5 ,*ri/ian call$ u1 at #e ,a4,m41 = an e>ly />t across ! ,ap5n9es4 ,?is 0 ! day ( a "r ,roman j\rney4 ,9 ?irte5 & a half h\rs1 leav+ ,p>ma at #f1 & arriv+ 9 ,s>zana at #g4cj1 we flung ourselves across ! sp9e ( ,italy1 f ! pla9s ( ,eridanus to ! sea%ore ( ,etruscan ,luna4 ,i _h secur$ a c>riage & extra po/-horses ! night be=e2 !re=e we f\nd no ob/acles ^u ! road1 b eag] driv]s1 quick relays1 obsequi\s po/ma/]s1 *ange1 spe$1 p]petual movem5t4 ,! road itself is a noble "o1 & nobly ent]ta9$ 9 all ?+s b accommodation = travell]s4 ,at ,b]ceto1 ne> ! summit ( ! pass1 we /opp$ j half an h\r1 to lun* (f a m\ldy h5 & six eggs2 b t 0 all ! halt we made4 ,z we drove out ( ,p>ma1 /rik+ across ! pla9 to ! ghi>a ( ! ,t>o1 ! sun rose ov] ! au/]e autumnal l&scape1 ) its )]$ v9es & crimson haws4 ,*ri/ian1 ! m\nta9e]1 :o at home _h nev] se5 ! sun rise f a flat horizon1 /oop$ f ! box to call att5tion to ?is daily recurr+ miracle1 :i* on ! pla9 ( ,lomb>dy is no less wond]ful ?an on a roll+ sea4 ,f ! village ( ,=novo1 :]e ! ,italian ,league 0 camp$ await+ ,*>les ,,viii4 ^u t memorable ,july morn 9 #adie1 ! road /rikes sudd5ly aside1 ga9s a spur ( ! desc5d+ ,ap5n9es1 & keeps ?is vantage till ! pass ( ,la ,cisa is rea*$4 ,_m w9d+s are occasion$ by ?us adh]+ to artes1 b ! total result is a gradual asc5t ) free prospect ov] pla9 & m\nta94 ,! ,ap5n9es1 built up ^u a small] scale ?an ! ,alps1 p]plex$ 9 detail & entangl$ ) cross sections & conv]g5t sy/ems1 l5d !mselves to ?is plan ( c>ry+ highroads along _! ridges in/ead ( foll[+ ! valley4 ,:at is beautiful 9 ! l&scape ( t nor!rn wat]%$ is ! subtlety1 delicacy1 v>iety1 & intricacy ( ! m\nta9 outl9es4 ,!re is draw+ :]ev] ! eye falls4 ,ea* section ( ! va/ expanse is a picture ( toss$ cre/s & complicat$ undulations4 ,& ov] ! :ole sea ( /ation>y bill[s1 light is %$ l an e!real raim5t1 ) sp>e col\r--blue & grey1 & p>simoni\s gre5--9 ! ne> =egr\nd4 ,! detail is some:at dry & monoton\s2 = ^! s f9ely m\ld$ hills are made up ( wa%$ e>?1 ! immemorial wrecks ( e>li] m\nta9 ranges4 ,br[n villages1 n unlike ^? ( ,midl& ,engl&1 l[ h\ses built ( /one & til$ ) /one1 & squ>e-t[]$ *ur*es1 occur at r>e int]vals 9 cultivat$ holl[s1 :]e !re are fields & fruit trees4 ,wat] is n[h]e visible except 9 ! wa/eful riv]-b$s4 ,z we rise1 we break into a wild] c\ntry1 =e/$ ) oak1 :]e ox5 & goats are br[s+4 ,! turf is />r$ ) lilac g5tian & crocus bells1 b sp>ely4 ,!n comes ! highe/ village1 ,b]ceto1 ) ke5 ,alp9e air4 ,aft] t1 broad roll+ d[ns ( yell[+ grass & russet bee*-scrub lead onw>d to ! pass ,la ,cisa4 ,! s5se ( bread? 9 composition is cont9ually satisfi$ ?r\gh ?is asc5t by ! f9e-drawn l9es1 fa9t t9ts1 & imm5se air-spaces ( ,italian l&scape4 ,ea* little piece rem9ds "o ( ,engl&2 b ! geographical scale is enorm\sly m gr&iose1 & ! effect ( maje/y proportionately great]4 ,f ,la ,cisa ! road desc5ds sudd5ly2 = ! s\!rn esc>pm5t ( ! ,ap5n9e1 z ( ! ,alp9e1 b>ri] is pit*$ at a f> /eep] angle ?an ! nor!rn4 ,yet !re is no view ( ! sea4 ,t is exclud$ by ! l[] hills :i* hem ! ,magra4 ,! upp] valley is beautiful1 ) v]dant lawns & purple hillsides break+ d[n into ?ick *e/nut woods1 ?r\gh :i* we w\nd at a rapid pace = ne>ly an h\r4 ,! leaves 7 /ill gre51 mell[+ to gold52 b ! fruit 0 ripe & heavy1 ready at all po9ts to fall4 ,9 ! /ill ,octob] air ! husks above our heads w\ld loos51 & ! br[n nuts ru/le ?r\gh ! foliage1 & ) a dull %ort ?ud1 l drops ( ?und]-ra91 break d[n ^u ! sod4 ,at ! foot ( ?is ri* =e/1 w$g$ 9 betwe5 huge buttresses1 we f\nd ,pontremoli1 & *ang$ our horses "h = ! la/ "t4 ,x 0 ,sunday1 & ! little t[n 0 alive ) c\ntry-folk2 tall /alw>t fell[s we>+ peacock's fea!rs 9 _! black sl\*$ hats1 & nut-br[n maids4 ,f ?is po9t ! valley ( ! ,magra is exce$+ ri* ) fruit trees1 v9es1 & olives4 ,! t5drils ( ! v9e are yell[ n[1 & 9 "s places hu$ l g5]\s w9e2 ?r\gh _! ?ick leaves ! sun %ot crimson4 ,9 "o cool g>d51 z ! day grew dusk1 ,i notic$ qu9ce trees lad5 ) pale fruit entangl$ ) pomegranates--gre5 sph]es & ruddy amid burni%$ leaves4 ,by ! roadside too 7 _m b]ries ( bright hues2 ! gl[+ r$ ( haws & hips1 ! amb] ( ! pyracan?us1 ! rose t9ts ( ! sp9dle-wood4 ,^! make autumn ev5 loveli] ?an spr+4 ,& !n !re 0 a wood ( *e/nuts c>pet$ ) pale p9kl+1 a place to dream ( 9 ! twilight4 ,b ! ma9 motive ( ?is l&scape 0 ! indescribable ,c>r>a range1 an isl& ( pure =m & %oot+ peaks1 solid m>ble1 cry/all9e 9 %ape & texture1 fa9tly blue aga9/ ! blue sky1 f :i* !y 7 b sc>ce divid$4 ,^! m\nta9s close ! valley to s\?-ea/1 & seem z ?\gh !y belong$ to ano!r & m cele/ial region4 ,soon ! sunlight 0 gone1 & moonrise came to close ! day1 z we roll$ onw>d to ,s>zana1 ?r\gh arundo donax & v9e-girdl$ olive trees & villages1 :]e contad9i l\ng$ ^u ! bridges4 ,!re 0 a /ream ( s\nd 9 our e>s1 & 9 my bra9 a rhy?mic dance ( beauties caught ?r\gh ! long-drawn glori\s gold5 autumn-day4 ,,iii4--,,fosd9ovo ,! hamlet & ! ca/le ( ,fosd9ovo /& ^u a m\nta9-spur above ,s>zana1 comm&+ ! valley ( ! ,magra & ! pla9s ( ,luni4 ,?is is an anci5t fief ( ! ,malasp9a ,h\se1 & is /ill 9 ! possession ( ! ,m>quis ( t "n4 ,! road to ,fosd9ovo /rikes across ! level ?r\gh an av5ue ( plane trees1 %$d+ _! discol\r$ leaves4 ,x !n takes to ! op5 fields1 bord]$ ) tall re$s wav+ f ! foss on ei!r h&1 :]e grapes are hang+ to ! v9es4 ,! c\ntry-folk all[ _! v9es to climb into ! olives1 & ^! gold5 fe/oons are a great ornam5t to ! grey bran*es4 ,! b]ries on ! trees are /ill q gre51 & x is a good olive season4 ,leav+ ! ma9 road1 we pass a villa ( ! ,malasp9i1 %r\d$ 9 imm5se ?ickets ( sweet bay & ilex1 =m+ a grove = ! ,nymphs or ,pan4 ,"h may y see j su* clean /ems & lucid foliage z ,gian ,bell9i pa9t$1 in* by in*1 9 8 ,pet] ,m>tyr picture4 ,! place is neglect$ n[2 ! semicircul> seats ( :ite ,c>r>a m>ble are /a9$ ) gre5 mosses1 ! alt>s *ipp$1 ! f\nta9s *ok$ ) bay leaves2 & ! rose trees1 escap$ f :at 7 once trim g>d5 alleys1 h gone w&]+ a-riot into c\ntry h$ges4 ,!re is no dem>cation betwe5 ! great man's villa & ! neighb\r+ f>ms4 ,f ?is po9t ! pa? rises1 & ! b>r5 hillside is a-bloom ) late-fl[]+ myrtles4 ,:y did ! ,greeks consecrate ^! myrtle-rods to ,dea? z well z ,love8 ,electra compla9$ t h] fa!r's tomb _h n receiv$ ! hon\r ( ! myrtle bran*2 & ! ,a!nians wrea!d _! swords ) myrtle 9 memory ( ,h>modius4 ,?9k+ ( ^! matt]s1 ,i _c b rememb] l9es ( ,greek1 :i* h !mselves ! rectitude & ela/icity ( myrtle w&s3 7,greek37 kai prospesn eklaus' ermias tu*n spondas te lusas askon hon ph] x5ois espeisa tumb d'amphe?ka murs9as4 ,z we approa* ,fosd9ovo1 ! hills above u ga9 sublimity2 ! prospect ov] pla9 & sea--! fields :]e ,luna 01 ! wid5+ bay ( ,spezzia--gr[s ev] gr&]4 ,! ca/le is a ru91 /ill capable ( p>tial habitation1 & n[ und]go+ repair--! /ate 9 :i* a ru9 looks mo/ sordid & =lorn4 ,h[ /range x is1 too1 t1 to en=ce ?is s5se ( desolation1 sad di%evell$ we$s cl+ ev] to su* antique masonry6 ,"h are ! h5bane1 ! s[-?i/le1 ! wild cucumb]4 ,at ,avignon1 at ,orvieto1 at ,dolce ,acqua1 at ,les ,baux1 we nev] miss$ !m4 ,& !y h ! du/y c\rty>ds1 ! massive portals1 :]e portcullises /ill ?reat51 ( ,fosd9ovo to !mselves4 ,ov] ! gate1 & "h & !re on corbels1 are c>v$ ! arms ( ,malasp9a--a b>r5 ?orn-tree1 gn>l$ ) ! geometrical precision ( h]aldic irony4 ,lean+ f ! n>r[ w9d[s ( ?is ca/le1 ) ! spaci\s view to we/w>d1 ,i ?\ght ( ,dante4 ,= ,dante 9 ?is ca/le 0 ! gue/ ( ,moroello ,malasp9a1 :at "t he 0 yet f9i%+ ! ',inf]no4' ,!re is a little old neglect$ g>d51 full to s\?1 enclos$ ^u a ramp>t :i* comm&s ! ,borgo1 :]e we f\nd frail cank]-roses & yell[ am>yllis4 ,"h1 p]haps1 he may h sat ) ladies--= ?is 0 ! ,m>*esa's pleasaunce2 or may h wat*$ ?r\gh a %ort summ]'s night1 until he saw t tremol> della m>9a1 port5d+ dawn1 :i* aft]w>ds he pa9t$ 9 ! ',purgatory4' ,f ,fosd9ovo "o c trace ! ,magra "w its way out seaw>d1 n into ! pla9 :]e once ! c&5tia mo5ia ,lunae fla%$ sunrise f _! battlem5ts1 b close beside ! little hills :i* back ! s\!rn arm ( ! ,spezzian gulf4 ,at ! extreme end ( t promontory1 call$ ,del ,corvo1 /ood ! ,b5$ict9e conv5t ( ,s4 ,croce2 & x 0 "h 9 #acji1 if we may tru/ to tradition1 t ,dante1 be=e 8 project$ j\rney into ,france1 appe>$ & left ! fir/ "p ( 8 poem ) ! ,prior4 ,fra ,il>io1 su* 0 ! good fa!r's "n1 receiv$ commission to transmit ! ',inf]no' to ,uguccione della ,faggiuola2 & he subsequ5tly record$ ! fact ( ,dante's visit 9 a lett] :i*1 ?\gh its g5u95ess has be5 call$ 9 "q1 is f> too int]e/+ to be left )\t allusion4 ,! writ] says t on occasion ( a j\rney into l&s beyond ! ,rivi]a1 ,dante visit$ ?is conv5t1 appe>+ sil5t & unkn[n among ! monks4 ,to ! ,prior's "q :at he want$1 he gaz$ ^u ! bro!rhood1 & only answ]$1 ',peace6' ,aft]w>ds1 9 private conv]sation1 he communicat$ 8 "n & spoke ab\t 8 poem4 ,a portion ( ! ',div9e ,com$y' compos$ 9 ! ,italian tongue ar\s$ ,il>io's wond]1 & l$ him to inquire :y 8 gue/ _h n foll[$ ! usual c\rse ( le>n$ poets by committ+ 8 ?\ghts to ,lat94 ,dante repli$ t he _h fir/ int5d$ to write 9 t language1 & t he _h gone s f> z to beg9 ! poem 9 ,virgilian hexamet]s4 ,reflection ^u ! alt]$ conditions ( society 9 t age l$ him1 h[ev]1 to reconsid] ! matt]2 & he 0 resolv$ to tune ano!r lyre1 'suit$ to ! s5se ( mod]n m54' ',=1' said he1 'x is idle to set solid food be=e ! lips ( suckl+s4' ,if we c tru/ ,fra ,il>io's lett] z a g5u9e record1 :i* is unhappily a matt] ( "s d\bt1 we h 9 ?is n>ration n only a picturesque1 almo/ a melodramatically picturesque glimpse ( ! poet's app>ition to ^? quiet monks 9 _! seagirt h\se ( peace1 b also an int]e/+ record ( ! de/9y :i* presid$ ov] ! fir/ great "w ( lit]>y art 9 a di/9ctly mod]n language4 ,,iv4--,,la ,,spezzia ,:ile we 7 at ,fosd9ovo ! sky film$ ov]1 & !re came a halo r\nd ! sun4 ,?is port5d$ *ange2 & by ev5+1 aft] we _h rea*$ ,la ,spezzia1 e>?1 sea1 & air 7 consci\s ( a com+ tempe/4 ,at night ,i w5t d[n to ! %ore1 & pac$ ! sea-wall !y h lately built along ! ,rada4 ,! moon 0 up1 b ov]driv5 ) dry smoky cl\ds1 n[ ?ick5+ to blackness ov] ! :ole bay1 n[ leav+ int]vals ?r\gh :i* ! light p\r$ fitfully & fretfully ^u ! wr9kl$ waves2 & ev] & anon !y %udd]$ ) electric gleams :i* 7 n actual lightn+4 ,heav5 seem$ to be desc5d+ on ! sea2 "o might h fanci$ t "s p[]ful *>ms 7 draw+ d[n ! moon ) influ5ce malign ^u ^? /ill resi/+ bill[s4 ,= n z yet ! gulf 0 tr\bl$ to its dep?1 & n z yet ! break]s da%$ 9 foam aga9/ ! moonlight-smitt5 promontories4 ,!re 0 b an uneasy murmur+ ( wave to wave2 a :isp]+ ( w9d1 t /oop$ its w+ & hiss$ along ! surface1 & )drew into ! my/]y ( cl\ds aga92 a mom5t>y *af+ ( *urn$ wat] r\nd ! h>b\r pi]s1 subsid+ into sil5ce petulant & sull54 ,i lean$ aga9/ an iron /an*ion & long$ = ! sea's message4 ,b no?+ came to me1 & ! dr[n$ secret ( ,%elley's dea? ^? waves :i* 7 8 grave reveal$ n4 ,h[l] & scoop] ( /orms6 caprici\s & da9ty sea6 ,mean:ile ! incantation swell$ 9 %rillness1 ! electric %udd]s deep5$4 ,alone 9 ?is elem5tal ov]ture to tempe/ ,i took no note ( "t1 b felt1 ?r\gh self-ab&onm5t to ! symphonic influ5ce1 h[ sea & air1 & cl\ds ak9 to bo?1 7 deal+ ) ea* o!r compla9+ly1 & 9 compliance to "s mak] ( unre/ )9 !m4 ,a t\* ^u my %\ld] broke ?is trance2 ,i turn$ & saw a boy beside me 9 a coa/gu>d's uni=m4 ,francesco 0 on patrol t night2 b my ,engli% acc5t soon assur$ him t ,i 0 no contrabb&i]e1 & he too lean$ aga9/ ! /an*ion & told me 8 %ort /ory4 ,he 0 9 8 n9ete5? ye>1 & came f ,flor5ce1 :]e 8 p live 9 ! ,borgo ,ognissanti4 ,he _h all ! brightness ( ! ,tuscan folk1 a sort ( innoc5t malice mix$ ) espiegl]ie4 ,x 0 div]t+ to see ! airs he gave himself on ! /r5g? ( 8 new milit>y dignity1 8 gun1 & uni=m1 & night duty on ! %ore4 ,i c\ld n help humm+ to myself ,non pi &rai2 = ,francesco 0 a sort ( ,tuscan ,*]ub9o4 ,we talk$ ab\t picture gall]ies & libr>ies 9 ,flor5ce1 & ,i _h to he> 8 fav\rite passages f ! ,italian poets4 ,& !n !re came ! plots ( ,jules ,v]ne's /ories & m>vell\s n>rations ab\t l' uomo cavallo1 l' uomo volante1 l' uomo pesce4 ,! la/ ( ^! p]sonages turn$ out to be ,paolo ,bonton 7s pron\nc$71 :o _h swam ! ,arno 9 8 div+ dress1 pass+ ! sev]al bridges1 & :5 he came to ! great weir 'allora tutti />e con bocca ap]ta4' ,mean:ile ! /orm grew s]i\s1 & our conv]sation *ang$4 ,francesco told me ab\t ! t]rible sun-/rick5 s& %ores ( ! ,rivi]a1 burn+ 9 summ] noon1 ov] :i* ! coa/-gu>d has to tramp1 _! p]ils f fall+ /ones 9 /orm1 & ! tra9s t come ru%+ f ^? n>r[ tunnels on ! midnight l9e ( m>*4 ,x is a h>d life2 & ! ?ir/ = adv5ture :i* drove ?is boy--'il pi matto di tutta la famiglia'--to adopt x1 seems well-nigh qu5*$4 ,& /ill1 ) a return to ,giulio ,v]ne1 he talk$ en?usia/ically ( des]t+1 ( gett+ on bo>d a m]*ant %ip1 & work+ 8 way to s\!rn isl&s :]e wond]s are4 ,a furi\s bla/ swept ! :ole sky = a mom5t almo/ cle>4 ,! moonlight fell1 ) rac+ cl\d-%ad[s1 ^u sea & hills1 ! lights ( ,l]ici1 ! great fanali at ! entrance ( ! gulf1 & ,francesco's upturn$ h&some face4 ,!n all aga9 0 :irl$ 9 mi/ & foam2 "o break] smote ! sea wall 9 a surge ( fro?1 ano!r plung$ ^u its heels2 ) inconceivable swiftness came ra92 lightn+ delug$ ! expanse ( surf1 & %[$ ! w9dy trees b5t l&w>d by ! squall4 ,x 0 long pa/ midnight n[1 & ! /orm 0 on u = ! space ( ?ree days4 ,v4--,,porto ,,v5]e ,= ! next ?ree days ! w9d w5t worry+ on1 & a l9e ( surf leapt on ! sea-wall always to ! same height4 ,! hills all ar\nd 7 inky black & we>y4 ,at night ! wild libeccio /ill rose1 ) floods ( ra9 & lightn+ p\r$ ^u ! wa/e4 ,i ?\ght ( ! ,flor5t9e patrol4 ,is he out 9 x1 & :]e8 ,at la/ !re came a lull4 ,:5 we rose on ! f\r? morn+1 ! sky 0 sulky1 sp5t & sleepy aft] /orm--! air z s(t & tepid z boil$ milk or /eam+ flannel4 ,we drove along ! %ore to ,porto ,v5]e1 pass+ ! ars5als & docky>ds1 :i* h *ang$ ! face ( ,spezzia s9ce ,%elley knew x4 ,?is side ( ! gulf is n s ri* 9 vegetation z ! o!r1 probably because x lies op5 to ! w9ds f ! ,c>r>a m\nta9s4 ,! *e/nuts come d[n to ! %ore 9 _m places1 br++ ) !m ! wild m\nta9-side4 ,to make up = ?is lack ( luxuriance1 ! coa/ is furr[$ ) a succession ( t9y h>b\rs1 :]e ! fi%+-boats re/ at an*or4 ,!re are _m villages ^u ! spurs ( hills1 & on ! headl&s naval /ations1 hospitals1 lazz>etti1 & prisons4 ,a prickly b9dwe$ 7! ,smilax ,s>sap>illa7 =ms a feature 9 ! ne> l&scape1 ) its creamy odorif]\s blossoms1 coral b]ries1 & glossy ?orn$ leaves4 ,a turn ( ! road br\ght ,porto ,v5]e 9 sight1 & on its grey walls fla%$ a gleam ( wat]y sunlight4 ,! village consi/s ( "o long n>r[ /reet1 ! h\ses on ! left side hang+ %e] above ! sea4 ,_! doors at ! back op5 on to cliffs :i* drop ab\t fifty feet ^u ! wat]4 ,a l9e ( anci5t walls1 ) m$iaeval battlem5ts & %ells ( *amb]s susp5d$ midway betwe5 e>? & sky1 runs up ! rock beh9d ! t[n2 & ?is wall is pi]c$ ) a deep gateway above :i* ! inn is pil$4 ,we _h our lun* 9 a room op5+ ^u ! t[n-gate1 adorn$ ) a deep-cut ,pisan ar* enclos+ images & frescoes--a curi\s episode 9 a place devot$ to ! jollity ( smuggl]s & seaf>+ folk4 ,! :ole h\se 0 su* z ,t9toretto lov$ to pa9t--huge wood5 raft]s2 op5 *imneys ) p5t-h\se canopies ( /one1 :]e ! cauldrons hung above logs ( *e/nut2 rude l[ tables spread ) co>se l95 embroid]$ at ! edges1 & lad5 ) plates ( fi%es1 fruit1 qua9t glass1 big-belli$ jugs ( e>!nw>e1 & flasks ( yell[ w9e4 ,! p ( ! place 7 l\ng+ r\nd 9 lazy attitudes4 ,!re 7 odd nooks & corn]s ev]y:]e2 unexpect$ /aircases ) w9d[s slant+ ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! t[n-wall2 pictures ( sa9ts2 high-zon$ s]v+ wom51 on ^: broad %\ld]s lay big coral beads2 smoke-black5$ ro(s1 & balconies t op5$ on ! sea4 ,! h\se 0 inexhau/ible 9 motives = pictures4 ,we walk$ up ! /reet1 att5d$ by a rabble r\t ( boys--diavoli scat5ati--clean1 gr9n+1 :ite-tee!d1 :o kept incessantly %\t+1 ',soldo1 soldo6' ,i d n "k :y ^! sea-ur*9s are s f> m irrepressible ?an _! l& bre?r54 ,b x is always ?us 9 ,italy4 ,!y take an imp]turbable delight 9 noise & m]e annoyance4 ,i %all nev] =get ! sea-ro> ( ,porto ,v5]e1 ) t %rill obligate1 ',soldo1 soldo1 soldo6' rattl+ l a dropp+ fire f lungs ( brass4 ,at ! end ( ,porto ,v5]e is a )]$ & ab&on$ city1 climb+ ! cliffs ( ,s4 ,pietro2 & on ! headl& /&s ! ru9$ *ur*1 built by ,pisans ) alt]nate r[s ( :ite & black m>ble1 ^u ! site ( an old temple ( ,v5us4 ,?is is a mode/ & pure piece ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 fair 9 desolation1 ref9$ & dignifi$1 & n unwor?y 9 its grace ( ! dead ,cyprian goddess4 ,?r\gh its brok5 lancets ! sea-w9d :i/les & ! va/ rea*es ( ! ,tyrrh5e gulf are se54 ,samphire spr\ts betwe5 ! blocks ( m>ble1 & 9 %elt]$ nooks ! cap] hangs h] beautiful purpureal sn[y bloom4 ,! headl& is a bold block ( :ite lime/one /a9$ ) r$4 ,x has ! pit* ( ,exmoor /oop+ to ! sea ne> ,lynton4 ,to nor?1 z "o looks along ! coa/1 ! l9e is brok5 by ,porto ,f9o's ame?y/9e promontory2 & 9 ! vapor\s di/ance we c\ld trace ! ,rivi]a m\nta9s1 %ad[y & blue4 ,! sea came ro>+1 roll+ 9 ) tawny break]s2 b1 f> out1 x sp>kl$ 9 pure azure1 & ! cl\d-%ad[s ov] x 7 violet4 ,:]e ,corsica %\ld h be5 se51 so>$ banks ( fleecy1 broad-dom$ alaba/] cl\ds4 ,?is po9t1 once d$icat$ to ,v5us1 n[ to ,pet]--bo?1 be x rememb]$1 fi%]s ( m5--is "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> 9 ,europe4 ,! isl& ( ,palm>ia1 ri* 9 ve9$ m>bles1 %elt]s ! port2 s t outside ! sea rages1 :ile und]nea? ! t[n1 rea*$ by a n>r[ /rait1 !re is a w9dless calm4 ,x 0 n )\t reason t our ,lady ( ,beauty took ?is fair gulf to h]self2 & n[ t %e has long be5 dispossess$1 h] memory l+]s yet 9 names4 ,= ,porto ,v5]e rememb]s h]1 & ,l]ici is only ,eryx4 ,!re is a grotto "h1 :]e an inscription tells u t ,byron once 'tempt$ ! ,ligurian waves4' ,x is j su* a natural sea-cave z might h inspir$ ,euripides :5 he describ$ ! refuge ( ,ore/es 9 ',iphig5ia4' ,,vi4--,,l]ici ,libeccio at la/ _h swept ! sky cle>4 ,! gulf 0 ridg$ ) foam-fleec$ break]s1 & ! wat] *urn$ into gre51 tawny wa/es4 ,b ov]head !re flew ! s(te/ cl\ds1 all silv]y1 disp]s$ 9 flocks4 ,x is ! day = pilgrimage to :at 0 ,%elley's home4 ,aft] foll[+ ! %ore a little way1 ! road to ,l]ici breaks into ! l[ hills :i* "p ,la ,spezzia f ,s>zana4 ,! soil is r$1 & ov]gr[n ) arbutus & p9a/]1 l ! c\ntry ar\nd ,cannes4 ,?r\gh ! scatt]$ trees x w9ds g5tly upw>ds1 ) frequ5t views across ! gulf1 & !n desc5ds into a l& ri* ) olives--a g5u9e ,rivi]a l&scape1 :]e ! m\nta9-slopes are ho>y1 & spikelets ( innum]able light-fla%+ leaves tw9kle aga9/ a blue sea1 mi/y-deep4 ,! walls "h are n unfrequ5tly adorn$ ) basreliefs ( ,c>r>a m>ble--sa9ts & madonnas v delicately wr\ght1 z ?\gh !y 7 love-lab\rs ( sculptors :o _h pass$ a summ] on ?is %ore4 ,san ,t]5zio is soon discov]$ l[ ^u ! s&s to ! "r1 ne/l+ "u little cliffs2 & !n ! high-built ca/le ( ,l]ici comes 9 sight1 look+ across1 ! bay to ,porto ,v5]e--"o ,aphrodite call+ to ! o!r1 ) ! foam betwe54 ,! village is pil$ ar\nd its cove ) tall & picturesquely col\r$ h\ses2 ! molo & ! fi%+-boats lie j b5ea? ! ca/le4 ,!re is "o po9t ( ! desc5d+ c>riage road :]e all ?is gracefulness is se51 fram$ by ! b\ghs ( olive bran*es1 sway+1 w9d-ruffl$1 laugh+ ! _m-tw9kl+ smiles ( ocean back f _! grey leaves4 ,"h ,eryc9a rid5s is at home4 ,&1 z we /ay$ to dwell ^u ! beauty ( ! sc5e1 came wom5 f ! bay bel[--b>efoot$1 /raight z will[ w&s1 ) burni%$ copp] b[ls ^u _! heads4 ,^! wom5 h ! port ( goddesses1 deep-bosom$1 ) ! l5g? ( ?igh & spr++ ankles t betok5 /r5g? no less ?an ela/icity & grace4 ,! hair ( "s ( !m 0 gold51 rippl+ 9 little curls ar\nd br[n br[s & gl[+ eyes4 ,pale lilac bl5t ) orange on _! dress1 & coral beads hung f _! e>s4 ,at ,l]ici we took a boat & pu%$ into ! roll+ break]s4 ,*ri/ian n[ felt ! movem5t ( ! sea = ! fir/ "t4 ,?is 0 r a rude trial1 = ! grey-man$ mon/]s play$1 z x seem$1 at w ) our cockle-%ell1 tumbl+ 9 dolph9 curves to rea* ! %ore4 ,our boatm5 knew all ab\t ,%elley & ! ,casa ,magni4 ,x is n at ,l]ici1 b close to ,san ,t]5zio1 ^u ! s\? side ( ! village4 ,look+ across ! bay f ! molo1 "o c\ld cle>ly see its squ>e :ite mass1 til$ ro(1 & t]race built on rude arcades ) a broad orange awn+4 ,trelawny's description h>dly prep>es "o = s consid]able a place4 ,i ?9k ! ,engli% exiles ( t p]iod mu/ h be5 exact+ if ! ,casa ,magni seem$ to !m no bett] ?an a ba?+-h\se4 ,we left our boat at ! jetty1 & walk$ ?r\gh "s g>d5s to ! villa4 ,!re we 7 k9dly ent]ta9$ by ! pres5t occupi]s1 :o1 :5 ,i ask$ !m :e!r su* visits z ours 7 n a great annoyance1 g5tly b feel+ly repli$3 ',x is n s bad n[ z x us$ to be4' ,! ,engli% g5tleman :o r5ts ! ,casa ,magni has kn[n x un9t]rupt$ly s9ce ,%elley's dea?1 & has us$ x = villeggiatura dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,we f\nd him 9 ! c5tral sitt+-room1 :i* read]s ( ,trelawny's ',recollections' h s (t5 pictur$ to !mselves4 ,! l>ge oval table1 ! settees r\nd ! walls1 & "s ( ! pictures are /ill un*ang$4 ,z we sat talk+1 ,i laugh$ to ?9k ( t lun*eon p>ty1 :5 ,%elley lo/ 8 clo!s1 & came nak$1 dripp+ ) sea-wat]1 into ! room1 protect$ by ! skirts ( ! sympa?is+ wait+-maid4 ,& !n ,i wond]$ :]e !y f\nd him on ! night :5 he /ood scream+ 9 8 sleep1 aft] ! vision ( 8 veil$ self1 ) its "q1 ',siete soddisfatto8' ,!re 7 great ilexes beh9d ! h\se 9 ,%elley's "t1 :i* h be5 cut d[n1 & ne> ^! he is said to h sat & writt5 ! ',triumph ( ,life4' ,"s new h\ses1 too1 h be5 built betwe5 ! villa & ! t[n2 o!rwise ! place is unalt]$4 ,only an awn+ has be5 add$ to protect ! t]race f ! sun4 ,i walk$ out on ?is t]race1 :]e ,%elley us$ to li/5 to ,jane's s++4 ,! sea 0 frett+ at its base1 j z ,mrs4 ,%elley says x did :5 ! ,don ,juan disappe>$4 ,f ,san ,t]5zio we walk$ back to ,l]ici ?r\gh olive woods1 att5d$ by a memory :i* ton$ ! almo/ ov]p[]+ beauty ( ! place to sadness4 ,,vii4--,,vi>eggio ,! same memory drew u1 a few days lat]1 to ! spot :]e ,%elley's body 0 burn$4 ,vi>eggio is fa/ becom+ a fa%ionable wat]+-place = ! p ( ,flor5ce & ,lucca1 :o seek fre%] air & simpl] liv+ ?an ,livorno (f]s4 ,x has ! usual new inns & improvis$ lodg+-h\ses ( su* places1 built on ! outskirts ( a little fi%+ village1 ) a b\ndless /ret* ( noble s&s4 ,!re is a wood5 pi] on :i* we walk$1 wat*+ ! long roll ( waves1 foam-flak$1 & quiv]+ ) moonlight4 ,! ,ap5n9es fad$ into ! grey sky beyond1 & ! sea-w9d 0 good to brea!4 ,!re is a feel+ ( 'imm5sity1 lib]ty1 action' "h1 :i* is n common 9 ,italy4 ,x rem9ds u ( ,engl&2 & to-night ! ,m$it]ranean _h ! r\gh =ce ( a tidal sea4 ,morn+ reveal$ beauty en\gh 9 ,vi>eggio to surprise ev5 "o :o expects f ,italy all =ms ( lovel9ess4 ,! s&-dunes /ret* = miles betwe5 ! sea & a l[ wood ( /one p9es1 ) ! ,c>r>a hills desc5d+ f _! glitt]+ p9nacles by long l9es to ! headl&s ( ! ,spezzian ,gulf4 ,! immeasurable di/ance 0 all pa9t$ 9 sky-blue & ame?y/2 !n came ! gold5 gre5 ( ! dw>f firs2 & !n dry yell[ 9 ! grasses ( ! dunes2 & !n ! _m-t9t$ sea1 ) surf toss$ up aga9/ ! fur!/ cliffs4 ,x is a wond]ful & tragic view1 to :i* no pa9t] b ! ,roman ,co/a has done ju/ice2 & he1 x may be said1 has made ?is l&scape ( ! ,c>r>ese 8 own4 ,! space betwe5 s& & p9e-wood 0 cov]$ ) fa9t1 yell[1 ev5+ primroses4 ,!y flick]$ l little h>mless flames 9 sun & %ad[1 & ! spires ( ! ,c>r>a range 7 giant flames trans=m$ to m>ble4 ,! memory ( t day describ$ by ,trelawny 9 a passage ( immortal ,engli% prose1 :5 he & ,byron & ,leigh ,hunt /ood beside ! fun]al pyre1 & libations 7 p\r$1 & ! ',cor ,cordium' 0 f\nd inviolate among ! a%es1 turn$ all my ?\ghts to flame b5ea? ! g5tle autumn sky4 ,/ill haunt$ by ^! memories1 we took ! c>riage road to ,pisa1 ov] :i* ,%elley's fri5ds _h hurri$ to & fro ?r\gh ^? la/ days4 ,x passes an imm5se =e/ ( /one-p9es--aisles & av5ues2 und]gr[? ( ilex1 lauru/9us1 gorse1 & myrtle2 ! cr[d$ cyclam5s1 ! solemn sil5ce ( ! trees2 ! w9ds hu%$ 9 _! velvet ro( & /ation>y domes ( v]dure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p>ma ,p>ma is p]haps ! brighte/ ,resid5z/adt ( ! second class 9 ,italy4 ,built on a sunny & f]tile tract ( ! ,lomb>d pla91 )9 view ( ! ,alps1 & close b5ea? ! %elt] ( ! ,ap5n9es1 x %9es l a well-set gem ) /ately t[]s & *e]ful squ>es 9 ! mid/ ( v]dure4 ,! cities ( ,lomb>dy are all l l>ge c\ntry h\ses3 walk+ out ( _! gates1 y seem to be /epp+ f a door or w9d[ t op5s on a trim & beautiful g>d51 :]e mulb]ry-tree is m>ri$ to mulb]ry by fe/oons ( v9es1 & :]e ! maize & sunfl[] /& toge!r 9 r[s betwe5 pat*es ( flax & hemp4 ,b x is n 9 ord] to survey ! union ( well-ord]$ husb&ry ) ! civilities ( anci5t city-life t we break ! j\rney at ,p>ma betwe5 ,milan & ,bologna4 ,we are attract$ r by ! fame ( "o great pa9t]1 ^: "w1 ?\gh x may be /udi$ piecemeal 9 _m gall]ies ( ,europe1 9 ,p>ma has a fulness1 l>g5ess1 & ma/]y t c n[h]e else be f\nd4 ,9 ,p>ma alone ,correggio *all5ges comp>ison ) ,raphael1 ) ,t9toret1 ) all ! supreme decorative pa9t]s :o h deign$ to make _! art ! h&maid ( ar*itecture4 ,yet ev5 9 ! ca!dral & ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 :]e ,correggio's frescoes cov] cupola & *apel wall1 we c\ld sc>cely compreh5d 8 greatness n[--s cruelly h "t & neglect dealt ) ^? delicate dream-%ad[s ( cele/ial fairyl&--7 x n = an int]pret]1 :o consecrat$ a lifetime to ! task ( translat+ 8 ma/]'s poetry ( fresco into ! prose ( engrav+4 ,t man 0 ,paolo ,tos*i--a "n to be ev] v5]at$ by all lov]s ( ! arts2 s9ce )\t 8 guidance we %\ld h>dly "k :at to seek = 9 ! ru9$ spl5d\rs ( ! domes ( ,p>ma1 or ev5 seek+1 h[ to f9d ! object ( our se>*4 ,tos*i's lab\r 0 m effectual ?an t ( a re/or] h[ev] skilful1 m lov+ ?an t ( a foll[] h[ev] fai?ful4 ,he respect$ ,correggio's h&iwork ) religi\s scrupul\sness1 add+ n a l9e or tone or t\* ( col\r to ! fad+ frescoes2 b he liv$ among !m1 al(t on scaffold+s1 & face to face ) ! orig9als :i* he design$ to reproduce4 ,by long & close famili>ity1 by ob/9ate & pati5t int]rogation1 he div9$ ,correggio's secret1 & 0 able at la/ to see cle>ly ?r\gh ! mi/ ( cobweb & mildew & alt> smoke1 & ?r\gh ! /ill m cruel trave/y ( s-call$ re/oration4 ,:at he discov]$1 he fai?fully committ$ fir/ to pap] 9 wat] col\rs1 & !n to copp]plate ) ! bur91 s t we enjoy ! privilege ( see+ ,correggio's ma/]pieces z ,tos*i saw !m1 ) ! eyes ( g5ius & ( love & ( long sci5tific /udy4 ,x is n too mu* to say t "s ( ,correggio's mo/ *>m+ compositions--= example1 ! dispute ( ,s4 ,augu/9e & ,s4 ,john--h be5 resuscitat$ f ! grave by ,tos*i's skill4 ,! orig9al (f]s no?+ b a m\ld]+ surface f :i* ! pa9t]'s "w has dropp$ 9 scales4 ,! engrav+ pres5ts a design :i* we d\bt n 0 ,correggio's1 = x corresponds 9 all p>ticul>s to ! /yle & _s ( ! ma/]4 ,to be critical 9 deal+ ) s successful an a*ievem5t ( re/oration & translation is difficult4 ,yet x may be admitt$ once & = all t ,tos*i has n unfrequ5tly enfeebl$ 8 orig9al4 ,"u 8 t\* ,correggio loses some:at ( 8 s5su\s audacity1 8 di?yrambic ec/asy1 & approa*es ! ord9>y /&>d ( prett9ess & graceful beauty4 ,! ,diana ( ! ,cam]a di ,s4 ,paolo1 = in/ance1 has ! /rong calm spl5d\r ( a goddess3 ! same ,diana 9 ,tos*i's engrav+ seems ab\t to smile ) girli% joy4 ,9 a ^w1 ! engrav] 0 a man ( a m common /amp--m timid & m conv5tional ?an ! pa9t]4 ,b ?is is aft] all a trifl+ d$uction f ! value ( 8 "w4 ,our debt to ,paolo ,tos*i is su* t x w\ld be ungrateful n to seek "s details ( 8 life4 ,! few t c be ga!r$ ev5 at ,p>ma are brief & bald en\gh4 ,! newspap] articles & fun]al panegyrics :i* ref] to him are z b>r5 z all su* occasional notices 9 ,italy h always be52 ! panegyri/ seem+ m anxi\s ab\t 8 own /yle ?an eag] to communicate in=mation4 ,yet a b>e outl9e ( ,tos*i's biography may be suppli$4 ,he 0 born at ,p>ma 9 #aghh4 ,8 fa!r 0 ca%i] ( ! po/-(fice1 & 8 "m's "n 0 ,anna ,m>ia ,bre/4 ,e>ly 9 8 y\? he /udi$ pa9t+ at ,p>ma "u ,biagio ,m>t9i2 & 9 #ahji he w5t to ,p>is1 :]e he le>n$ ! art ( engrav+ f ,b]vic & ( et*+ f ,oortman4 ,9 ,p>is he contract$ an intimate fri5d%ip ) ! pa9t] ,gr>d4 ,b aft] t5 ye>s he return$ to ,p>ma1 :]e he e/abli%$ a company & s*ool ( engrav]s 9 conc]t ) 8 fri5d ,antonio ,isac4 ,m>ia ,l\isa1 ! !n ,du*ess1 "u ^: patronage ! arts fl\ri%$ at ,p>ma 7witness ,bodoni's exquisite typography71 soon recognis$ 8 m]it1 & appo9t$ him ,director ( ! ,ducal ,academy4 ,he !n =m$ ! project ( engrav+ a s]ies ( ! :ole ( ,correggio's frescoes4 ,! und]tak+ 0 a va/ "o4 ,bo? ! cupolas ( ,s4 ,john & ! ca!dral1 toge!r ) ! vault ( ! apse ( ,s4 ,giovanni#aj & v>i\s portions ( ! side aisles1 & ! s-call$ ,cam]a di ,s4 ,paolo1 are cov]$ by frescoes ( ,correggio & 8 pupil ,p>megiano4 ,^! frescoes h suff]$ s mu* f neglect & "t1 & f un9tellig5t re/oration1 t x is difficult 9 _m cases to det]m9e _! true "*4 ,yet ,tos*i did n cont5t himself ) selections1 or %r9k f ! task ( deciph]+ & engrav+ ! :ole4 ,he =m$ a s*ool ( disciples1 among :om 7 ,c>lo ,raimondi ( ,milan1 ,antonio ,co/a ( ,v5ice1 ,edw>d ,ei*5s ( ,b]l91 ,aloisio ,juv>a ( ,naples1 ,antonio ,dalc1 ,giuseppe ,magnani1 & ,lodovico ,bisola ( ,p>ma1 & employ$ !m z assi/ants 9 8 "w4 ,dea? ov]took him 9 #ahed1 be=e x 0 f9i%$1 & n[ ! wat]-col\r draw+s :i* are exhibit$ 9 ! ,gall]y ( ,p>ma prove to :at ext5t ! a*ievem5t fell %ort ( 8 design4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 0 accompli%$ to place ! *ief ma/]pieces ( ,correggio beyond ! possibility ( utt] oblivion4 ,to ! piety ( 8 pupil ,c>lo ,raimondi1 ! be>] ( a "n illu/ri\s 9 ! annals ( engrav+1 we owe a /rik+ portrait ( ,tos*i4 ,! ma/] is repres5t$ on 8 seat ^u ! scaffold 9 ! dizzy half-light ( ! dome4 ,! %ad[y =ms ( sa9ts & angels are ar\nd him4 ,he has rais$ 8 eyes f 8 c>toon to /udy "o ( ^!4 ,9 8 "r h& is ! op]a-glass ) :i* he scrut9ises ! details ( di/ant gr\ps4 ,! upturn$ face1 ) its expression ( contemplative intellig5ce1 is l t ( an a/ronom] accu/om$ to comm]ce ) ?+s above ! sph]e ( common life1 & ready to give acc\nt ( all t he has ga!r$ f 8 obs]vation ( a _w n ours4 ,9 tru? ! _w creat$ by ,correggio & int]pret$ by ,tos*i is v f> remov$ f t ( actual exi/5ce4 ,no pa9t] has infus$ a m di/9ct individuality into 8 "w1 realis+ by imag9ative =ce & p[]ful projection an ord] ( beauty peculi> to himself1 be=e :i* x is impossible to rema9 q indiff]5t4 ,we mu/ ei!r admire ! mann] ( ,correggio1 or else %r9k f x ) ! di/a/e :i* s5sual art is apt to /ir 9 natures ( a sev]e or simple type4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! ,correggiosity ( ,correggio8 ,9 o!r words1 :at is ! *>act]i/ic :i*1 proce$+ f ! p]sonality ( ! arti/1 is impress$ on all 8 "w8 ,! answ] to ?is "q1 ?\gh by no means simple1 may p]haps be won by a process ( gradual analysis4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes u 9 ! art ( ,correggio is1 t he has aim$ at ! reali/ic repres5tation ( pure unrealities4 ,8 sa9ts & angels are be+s ! l ( :om we h h>dly se5 ^u ! e>?4 ,yet !y are display$ be=e u ) all ! movem5t & ! vivid tru? ( nature4 ,next we feel t :at con/itutes ! sup]human1 vision>y quality ( ^! creatures1 is _! uni=m beauty ( a m]ely s5su\s type4 ,!y are all creat$ = pleasure1 n = ?\ght or passion or activity or h]oism4 ,! uses ( _! bra9s1 _! limbs1 _! e feature1 end 9 enjoym5t2 innoc5t & radiant wantonness is ! condition ( _! :ole exi/5ce4 ,correggio conceiv$ ! univ]se "u ! "o mood ( s5su\s joy3 8 _w 0 ba!d 9 luxuri\s light2 its inhabitants 7 capable ( little beyond a s(t voluptu\sness4 ,ov] ! doma9 ( trag$y he _h no sway1 & v r>ely did he attempt to ent] on x3 no?+1 = example1 c be feebl] ?an 8 endeav\r to express angui% 9 ! di/ort$ features ( ,madonna1 ,s4 ,john1 & ! ,magdal51 :o are b5d+ ov] ! dead body ( a ,*ri/ ext5d$ 9 ! attitude ( languid repose4 ,9 l mann] he c\ld n deal ) subjects :i* dem& a pregnancy ( intellectual mean+4 ,he pa9ts ! ?ree ,fates l "y & joy\s ,bac*antes1 places rose-g>l&s & ?yrsi 9 _! h&s in/ead ( ! di/aff & ! ?read ( human de/9ies1 & !y might figure appropriately ^u ! panels ( a banquet-*amb] 9 ,pompeii4 ,9 ?is respect ,correggio might be t]m$ ! ,ross9i ( pa9t+4 ,! melodies ( ! ',/abat ,mat]'--,fac ut portem or ,quis e/ homo--are ! exact analogues 9 music ( ,correggio's voluptu\s r5d]+s ( grave or my/]i\s motives4 ,nor1 aga91 did he possess t sev]e & l(ty art ( composition :i* subord9ates ! fancy to ! reason1 & :i* seeks = ! highe/ intellectual beauty 9 a k9d ( ar*itectural h>mony supreme above ! melodies ( gracefulness 9 detail4 ,! ,flor5t9es & ^? :o %>$ _! _s--,mi*elangelo & ,lion>do & ,raphael--d]iv+ ?is pr9ciple ( design f ! geometrical art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 conv]t$ x to ! noble/ uses 9 _! va/ well-ord]$ compositions4 ,b ,correggio ignor$ ! laws ( sci5tific con/ruction4 ,x 0 en\gh = him to produce a spl5did & brilliant effect by ! life & movem5t ( 8 figures1 & by ! intoxicat+ beauty ( 8 =ms4 ,8 type ( beauty1 too1 is by no means elevat$4 ,lion>do pa9t$ s\ls :]e( ! features & ! limbs are b an index4 ,! *>m ( ,mi*elangelo's ideal is l a fl[] ^u a tree ( rugg$ /r5g?4 ,raphael aims at ! lovel9ess :i* _c be disjo9$ f goodness4 ,b ,correggio is cont5t$ ) bodies 'delicate & desirable4' ,8 angels are g5ii disimprison$ f ! p]fum$ *alices ( fl[]s1 h\ris ( an erotic p>adise1 elem5tal spirits ( nature wanton+ 9 ,ed5 9 h] prime4 ,to accuse ! pa9t] ( consci\s immorality or ( :at is /igmatis$ z s5suality1 w\ld be z ridicul\s z to class 8 s]aphic be+s among ! products ( ! ,*ri/ian imag9ation4 ,!y belong to ! g5]ation ( ! fauns2 l fauns1 !y comb9e a c]ta9 savage wildness1 a di?yrambic ec/asy ( inspiration1 a delight 9 rapid movem5t z !y revel amid cl\ds or fl[]s1 ) ! p]man5t & all-p]vad+ sweetness ( ! ma/]'s /yle4 ,:5 infant9e or *ildlike1 ^! cele/ial sylphs are sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ = any noble quality ( beauty f ,murillo's *]ubs1 & are f> less div9e ?an ! *oir ( *ildr5 :o att5d ,madonna 9 ,titian's ',assumption4' ,b 9 _! boyhood & _! prime ( y\?1 !y acquire a fulness ( s5su\s vitality & a radiance t are peculi> to ,correggio4 ,! lily-be>] :o helps to support ,s4 ,?omas b5ea? ! dome ( ! ca!dral at ,p>ma1 ! gr\ps ( s]aphs :o cr[d beh9d ! ,incoronata ( ,s4 ,giovanni1 & ! two wild-ey$ op5-m\!d ,s4 ,johns /ation$ at ea* side ( ! cele/ial ?rone1 are among ! mo/ spl5did in/ances ( ! adolesc5t lovel9ess conceiv$ by ,correggio4 ,:]e ! pa9t] f\nd _! models may be que/ion$ b n answ]$2 = he has made !m ( a diff]5t fa%ion f ! race ( mortals3 no c\rt ( ,roman emp]or or ,turki% sultan1 ?\gh /ock$ ) ! fl[]s ( ,bi?ynian & ,circassian y\?1 h se5 _! l4 ,moz>t's ,*]ub9o seems to h sat = all ( !m4 ,at any rate !y inc>nate ! v _s ( ! songs he s+s4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is pr$ilection = s5su\s & voluptu\s =ms1 ,correggio _h no p[] ( imag9+ gr&ly or sev]ely4 ,satisfi$ ) mat]ial realism 9 8 treatm5t ev5 ( sublime my/]ies1 he conv]ts ! ho/s ( heav5 into a 'fricassee ( frogs1' accord+ to ! old epigram4 ,8 apo/les1 gaz+ aft] ! ,virg9 :o has left ! e>?1 are ?r[n into attitudes s viol5t & s dramatically =e%ort5$1 t se5 f bel[ ^u ! pavem5t ( ! ca!dral1 little ( _! =m is di/+ui%able except legs & arms 9 vehem5t commotion4 ,v diff]5t is ,titian's conception ( ?is sc5e4 ,to express ! spiritual mean+1 ! emotion ( ,madonna's transit1 ) all ! pomp :i* col\r & spl5did composition c convey1 is ,titian's sole c>e2 :]eas ,correggio appe>s to h be5 satisfi$ ) realis+ ! tumult ( heav5 ru%+ to meet e>?1 & e>? /ra9+ upw>ds to asc5d to heav5 9 viol5t commotion--a v orgasm ( fr5etic rapture4 ,! ess5ce ( ! ev5t is =gott53 its ext]nal manife/ation alone is pres5t$ to ! eye2 & only ! accessories ( be>dless angels & cl\d-encumb]$ *]ubs are really beautiful amid a surge ( limbs 9 re/less movem5t4 ,m dignifi$1 because design$ ) m repose1 is ! ,apocalypse ( ,s4 ,john pa9t$ ^u ! cupola ( ,s4 ,giovanni4 ,! apo/les ?ron$ on cl\ds1 ) :i* ! dome is fill$1 gaze upw>d to "o po9t4 ,_! attitudes are noble2 _! =m is h]oic2 9 _! eyes !re is ! /range ec/atic look by :i* ,correggio int]pret$ 8 s5se ( sup]natural vision3 x is a gaze n ( contemplation or deep ?\ght1 b ( wild half-savage joy1 z if ^! sa9ts also _h become ! elem5tal g5ii ( cl\d & air1 spirits em]g5t f e!r1 ! salam&]s ( an empyrean intol]able to mortal s5se4 ,! po9t on :i* _! eyes conv]ge1 ! culm9ation ( _! vision1 is ! figure ( ,*ri/4 ,"h all ! weakness ( ,correggio's me?od is reveal$4 ,he _h und]tak5 to realise by no ideal allegorical sugge/ion1 by no symbolism ( ar*itectural gr\p+1 b by actual prosaic measurem5t1 by corporeal =m 9 subjection to ! laws ( p]spective & =e%ort5+1 ?+s :i* 9 _! v ess5ce admit ( only a figurative revelation4 ,!re=e 8 ,*ri/1 ! c5tre ( all ^? e>ne/ eyes1 is contract$ to a %ape 9 :i* humanity itself is mean1 a sprawl+ figure :i* irresi/ibly rem9ds "o ( a frog4 ,! cl\ds on :i* ! sa9ts repose are opaque & solid2 *]ubs 9 c\ntless multitudes1 a sw>m ( m]ry *ildr51 crawl ab\t ^u ^! fea!r-b$s ( vap\r1 creep betwe5 ! legs ( ! apo/les1 & play at bopeep beh9d _! %\ld]s4 ,!re is no propriety 9 _! appe>ance !re4 ,!y take no int]e/ 9 ! beatific vision4 ,!y play no "p 9 ! cele/ial symphony2 nor are !y capable ( m ?an m]ely infant9e enjoym5t4 ,correggio has spr9kl$ !m lavi%ly l liv+ fl[]s ab\t 8 cl\dl&1 because he c\ld n su/a9 a grave & solemn /ra9 ( music1 b 0 =c$ by 8 temp]am5t to ov]lay ! melody ) r\lades4 ,gaz+ at ^! frescoes1 ! ?\ght came to me t ,correggio 0 l a man li/5+ to sweete/ flute-play+1 & translat+ phrase aft] phrase z !y pass$ ?r\gh 8 fancy into laugh+ faces1 breezy tresses1 & roll+ mi/s4 ,sometimes a gr&] cad5ce rea*$ 8 e>2 & !n ,s4 ,pet] ) ! keys1 or ,s4 ,augu/9e ( ! mighty br[1 or ! inspir$ eyes ( ,s4 ,john1 took =m b5ea? 8 p5cil4 ,b ! light airs return$1 & rose & lily faces bloom$ aga9 = him among ! cl\ds4 ,x is n !re=e 9 dignity or sublimity t ,correggio excels1 b 9 artless grace & melodi\s t5d]ness4 ,! ,madonna della ,scala clasp+ h] baby ) a c>ess :i* ! little *ild returns1 ,s4 ,ca!r9e lean+ 9 a rapture ( ec/atic love to w$ ! infant ,*ri/1 ,s4 ,seba/ian 9 ! bloom ( almo/ boyi% beauty1 are ! s-call$ sacr$ subjects to :i* ! pa9t] 0 adequate1 & :i* he has treat$ ) ! voluptu\s t5d]ness we f9d 9 8 pictures ( ,l$a & ,danae & ,io4 ,c\ld ^! sa9ts & m>tyrs desc5d f ,correggio's canvas1 & take fle%1 & brea!1 & beg9 to live2 ( :at high action1 ( :at grave passion1 ( :at exempl>y conduct 9 any walk ( life w\ld !y be capable8 ,t is ! "q :i* !y irresi/ibly sugge/2 & we are =c$ to answ]1 ,none6 ,! moral & religi\s _w did n exi/ = ,correggio4 ,8 art 0 b a way ( see+ c>nal beauty 9 a dream t _h no true relation to reality4 ,correggio's s5sibility to light & col\r 0 exactly on a p> ) 8 feel+ = =m4 ,he belongs to ! poets ( *i>oscuro & ! poets ( col\r+2 b 9 bo? regions he ma9ta9s ! individuality s /rongly express$ 9 8 *oice ( purely s5su\s beauty4 ,t9toretto makes use ( light & %ade = inve/+ 8 great compositions ) dramatic int5sity4 ,rembr&t int]prets sombre & fanta/ic moods ( ! m9d by gold5 gloom & silv]y irradiation1 translat+ ?\ght into ! language ( p5umbral my/]y4 ,lion>do /udies ! laws ( light sci5tifically1 s t ! prop] r\ndness & effect ( di/ance %\ld be accurately r5d]$1 & all ! subtleties ( nature's smiles be mimick$4 ,correggio is cont5t ) fix+ on 8 canvas ! ,greek3 anri?mon gelasma1 ! _m-tw9kl+ laught] ( light 9 motion1 ra9$ d[n ?r\gh fleecy cl\ds or trembl+ foliage1 melt+ into half-%ad[s1 ba?+ & illum9at+ e object ) a s(t c>ess4 ,!re are no tragic contra/s ( spl5d\r %>ply def9$ on blackness1 no my/]ies ( half-felt & p]vasive twilight1 no /udi$ accuracies ( noonday cle>ness 9 8 "w4 ,light & %ad[ are wov5 toge!r on 8 figures l an impalpable ,coan gauze1 arial & transp>5t1 enhanc+ ! palpitations ( voluptu\s movem5t :i* he lov$4 ,8 col\r+1 9 l mann]1 has none ( ! sup]b & mundane pomp :i* ! ,v5etians affect$2 x does n gl[ or burn or beat ! fire ( gems into our bra92 joy\s & wanton1 x seems to be exactly su* a beauty-bloom z s5se requires = its satiety4 ,!re is no?+ 9 8 hues to provoke deep passion or to /imulate ! ye>n+s ( ! s\l3 ! pure blu%es ( ! dawn & ! crimson pyres ( sunset are n[h]e 9 ! _w t he has pa9t$4 ,b t *ord ( jocund col\r :i* may fitly be m>ri$ to ! smiles ( light1 ! blues :i* are f\nd 9 laugh+ eyes1 ! p9ks t t+e ! *eeks ( e>ly y\?1 & ! w>m yet silv]y tones ( heal?y fle%1 m+le z 9 a m>vell\s pe>l-%ell on 8 pictures4 ,bo? *i>oscuro & col\r+ h ?is supreme purpose 9 art1 to effect ! s5se l music1 & l music to create a mood 9 ! s\l ( ! spectator4 ,n[ ! mood :i* ,correggio /imulates is "o ( natural & ?\ghtless pleasure4 ,to feel 8 influ5ce1 & at ! same mom5t to be ! subject ( /rong passion1 or fi]ce lu/1 or h]oic resolve1 or pr(\nd contemplation1 or p5sive melan*oly1 is impossible4 ,wantonness1 innoc5t because unconsci\s ( s91 immoral because incapable ( any s]i\s purpose1 is ! quality :i* prevails 9 all t he has pa9t$4 ,! pantomimes ( a ,mohamm$an p>adise might be put ^u ! /age aft] patt]ns suppli$ by ?is lea/ spiritual ( pa9t]s4 ,x foll[s f ?is analysis t ! ,correggiosity ( ,correggio1 t :i* %>ply di/+ui%$ him f all previ\s arti/s1 0 ! faculty ( pa9t+ a purely voluptu\s dream ( beautiful be+s 9 p]petual movem5t1 b5ea? ! laught] ( morn+ light1 9 a _w ( nev]-fail+ ,april hues4 ,:5 he attempts to dep>t f ! fairyl& ( :i* he 0 ! ,prosp]o1 & to mat* himself ) ! ma/]s ( sublime ?\ght or e>ne/ passion1 he proves 8 weakness4 ,b )9 8 own magic circle he reigns supreme1 no o!r arti/ hav+ bl5d$ ! wit*]ies ( col\r+1 *i>oscuro1& faunlike lovel9ess ( =m into a h>mony s p]fect 9 its s5su\s *>m4 ,bewit*$ by ! /ra9s ( ! sir51 we p>don affectations ( expression1 empt9ess ( mean+1 feebl5ess ( composition1 exagg]at$ & melodramatic attitudes4 ,!re is :at ,goe! call$ a demonic influ5ce 9 ! art ( ,correggio3 ',9 poetry1' said ,goe! to ,eck]mann1 'especially 9 t :i* is unconsci\s1 be=e :i* reason & und]/&+ fall %ort1 & :i* !re=e produces effects s f> surpass+ all conception1 !re is always some?+ demonic4' ,x is n to be wond]$ t ,correggio1 possess$ ( ?is demonic p[] 9 ! highe/ degree1 & work+ to a purely s5su\s end1 %\ld h ex]cis$ a fatal influ5ce ov] art4 ,8 successors1 attract$ by an intoxicat+ lovel9ess :i* !y c\ld n analyse1 :i* _h no?+ 9 common ) ! reason or ! und]/&+1 b 0 l a glam\r ca/ ^u ! s\l 9 its mo/ secret s5sibilities1 ?rew !mselves bl9dly into ! imitation ( ,correggio's faults4 ,8 affectation1 8 want ( e>ne/ ?\ght1 8 neglect ( composition1 8 s5su\s realism1 8 all-p]vad+ sweetness1 8 infant9e prett9ess1 8 sub/itution ( ?aumaturgical effects = consci5ti\s lab\r1 admitt$ only too easy imitation1 & 7 b too cong5ial ) ! _s ( ! late ,r5aissance4 ,cupolas ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ,italy began to be cov]$ ) cl\ds & simp]+ *]ubs 9 ! convulsions ( artificial ec/asy4 ,! att5uat$ elegance ( ,p>migiano1 ! attitud9is+ ( ,anselmi's sa9ts & angels1 & a g5]al sacrifice ( :at is solid & endur+ to s5tim5tal gewgaws on ! "p ( all pa9t]s :o _h submitt$ to ! magic ( ,correggio1 prov$ h[ easy x 0 to g a/ray ) ! great ma/]4 ,mean:ile no "o c\ld approa* him 9 t :i* 0 truly 8 own--! del9eation ( a transi5t mom5t 9 ! life ( s5su\s beauty1 ! pa9t+ ( a smile on ,nature's face1 :5 light & col\r tremble 9 h>mony ) ! movem5t ( joy\s liv+ creatures4 ,ano!r demonic nature ( a f> m p[]ful type contribut$ 8 %>e to ! ru9 ( art 9 ,italy4 ,mi*elangelo's con/ra9$ attitudes & muscul> anatomy 7 imitat$ by pa9t]s & sculptors1 :o ?\ght t ! gr& /yle lay 9 ! pres5tation ( !atrical a?letes1 b :o c\ld n seize ! secret :]eby ! great ma/] made ev5 ! bodies ( m5 & wom5--colossal trunks & wri!n limbs--int]pret ! mean+s ( 8 deep & melan*oly s\l4 ,x is a sad law ( progress 9 art1 t :5 ! /hetic impulse is on ! wane1 arti/s %\ld p]=ce select to foll[ ! weakness r ?an ! vig\r1 ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,:ile pa9t+ 0 9 ! asc5dant1 ,raphael c\ld take ! be/ ( ,p]ug9o & disc>d ! wor/2 9 its decad5ce ,p>migiano reproduces ! affectations ( ,correggio1 & ,b]n9i c>ries ! exagg]ations ( ,mi*elangelo to absurdity4 ,all arts describe a p>abola4 ,! =ce :i* produces !m causes !m to rise ?r\gh\t _! gr[? up to a c]ta9 po9t1 & !n to desc5d m gradually 9 a long & slant+ l9e ( regul> decl5sion4 ,!re is no real break ( cont9uity4 ,! end is ! result ( simple exhau/ion4 ,?us ! la/ ( our ,elizabe?an dramati/s1 ,%irley & ,cr[ne & ,killigrew1 pu%$ to its ultimate conclusion ! pr9ciple inh]5t 9 ,m>l[e1 n attempt+ to break new gr\nd1 nor imitat+ ! excell5ces s mu* z ! defects ( _! =]unn]s4 ,?us too ! ,po9t$ /yle ( ar*itecture 9 ,engl& gave bir? fir/ to :at is call$ ! ,decorat$1 next to ! ,p]p5dicul>1 & f9ally expir$ 9 ! ,tudor4 ,ea* /ep 0 a /ep ( progress--at fir/ = ! bett]--at la/ = ! worse--b logical1 cont9u\s1 necessitat$4#aa ,x is difficult to leave ,correggio )\t at lea/ pos+ ! "q ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 moralis$ & m]ely s5sual art4 ,is all art excell5t 9 itself & good 9 its effect t is beautiful & e>ne/8 ,!re is no d\bt t ,correggio's "w is 9 a way mo/ beautiful2 & x be>s unmi/akable signs ( ! ma/] hav+ giv5 himself ) s+le-he>t$ devotion to ! expression ( t phase ( lovel9ess :i* he c\ld appreh5d4 ,9 s f> we mu/ admit t 8 art is bo? excell5t & solid4 ,yet we are unable to conceive t any human be+ c\ld be made bett]--/rong] = endurance1 m fitt$ = ! uses ( ! _w1 m s5sitive to :at is noble 9 nature--by its contemplation4 ,at ! be/ ,correggio does b please u 9 our light] mom5ts1 & we are apt to feel t ! pleasure he has giv5 is ( an en]vat+ k9d4 ,to expect obvi\s morality ( any arti/ is confess$ly absurd4 ,x is n ! arti/'s prov9ce to prea*1 or ev5 to tea*1 except by remote sugge/ion4 ,yet ! m9d ( ! arti/ may be highly moralis$1 & !n he takes rank n m]ely ) ! m9i/]s to ref9$ pleasure1 b also ) ! educators ( ! _w4 ,he may1 = example1 be p5etrat$ ) a j s5se ( humanity l ,%aksp]e1 or ) a sublime temp]ance l ,sophocles1 in/9ct ) prophetic intuition l ,mi*elangelo1 or ) passionate exp]i5ce l ,bee?ov54 ,! m]e sight ( ! "w ( ,pheidias is l brea?+ pure heal?-giv+ air4 ,milton & ,dante 7 /eep$ 9 religi\s patriotism2 ,goe! 0 p]vad$ ) philosophy1 & ,balzac ) sci5tific curiosity4 ,ario/o1 ,c]vantes1 & ev5 ,boccaccio are ma/]s 9 ! my/]ies ( common life4 ,9 all ^! cases ! tone ( ! arti/'s m9d is felt ?r\gh\t 8 "w3 :at he pa9ts1 or s+s1 or writes1 conveys a lesson :ile x pleases4 ,on ! o!r h&1 depravity 9 an arti/ or a poet p]colates ?r\gh "w :i* has 9 x no?+ positive ( evil1 & a v miasma ( poison\s influ5ce may rise f ! app>5tly innocu\s creations ( a ta9t$ s\l4 ,n[ ,correggio is moralis$ 9 nei!r way--nei!r z a good nor z a bad man1 nei!r z an acute ?9k] nor z a delib]ate voluptu>y4 ,he is simply s5su\s4 ,on 8 own gr\nd he is ev5 v fre% & heal?y3 8 del9eation ( y\?ful mat]nity1 = example1 is z true z x is beautiful2 & 8 sympa?y ) ! gleefulness ( *ildr5 is devoid ( affectation4 ,we h !n only to ask ourselves :e!r ! defect 9 him ( all ?\ght & feel+ :i* is n at once capable ( graceful fle%ly inc>nation1 be suffici5t to l[] him 9 ! scale ( arti/s4 ,?is "q mu/ ( c\rse be answ]$ accord+ to our def9ition ( ! purposes ( art4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! mo/ highly organis$ art--t :i* absorbs ! mo/ num]\s human qualities & effects a h>mony betwe5 ! mo/ complex elem5ts--is ! noble/4 ,!re=e ! arti/ :o comb9es moral elevation & p[] ( ?\ght ) a due appreciation ( s5sual beauty1 is m elevat$ & m b5eficial ?an "o ^: doma9 is simply t ( c>nal lovel9ess4 ,correggio1 if ?is be s1 mu/ take a comp>atively l[ rank4 ,j z we welcome ! beautiful a?lete = ! radiant life t is 9 him1 b b[ be=e ! p]sonality ( ,sophocles1 ^: p]fect =m en%r9$ a noble & highly educat$ s\l1 s we gratefully accept ,correggio = 8 grace1 :ile we approa* ! consummate art ( ,mi*elangelo ) rev]5t awe4 ,x is necess>y 9 /hetics z else:]e to recognise a hi]>*y ( excell5ce1 ! grades ( :i* are det]m9$ by ! great] or less compreh5siv5ess ( ! arti/'s nature express$ 9 8 "w4 ,at ! same "t1 ! calibre ( ! arti/'s g5ius mu/ be e/imat$2 = em95t greatness ev5 ( a n>r[ k9d w always comm& our admiration3 & ! am\nt ( 8 orig9ality has also to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,:at is unique has1 = t reason alone1 a claim on our consid]ation4 ,judg$ 9 ?is way1 ,correggio des]ves a place1 say1 9 ! sweet planet ,v5us1 above ! moon & above ,m]cury1 among ! arti/s :o h n advanc$ beyond ! contemplations :i* f9d _! prop] outcome 9 love4 ,yet1 ev5 ?us1 he aids ! culture ( humanity4 ',we %\ld take c>e1' said ,goe!1 apropos ( ,byron1 to ,eck]mann1 'n to be always look+ = culture 9 ! decid$ly pure & moral4 ,ev]y?+ t is great promotes cultivation z soon z we are aw>e ( x4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,canossa ,italy is less ! l& ( :at is v5]able 9 antiquity1 ?an ( beauty1 by div9e "r "y et]nally 9 spite ( age4 ,?is is due p>tly to h] hi/ory & art & lit]ature1 p>tly to ! temp] ( ! races :o h made h] :at %e is1 & p>tly to h] natural advantages4 ,h] olde/ ar*itectural rema9s1 ! temples ( ,pae/um & ,girg5ti1 or ! gates ( ,p]ugia & ,volt]ra1 are s adapt$ to ,italian l&scape & s graceful 9 _! massive /r5g?1 t we =get ! c5turies :i* h pass$ ov] !m4 ,we leap z by a s+le b\nd f ! times ( ,roman greatness to ! new bir? ( humanity 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 =gett+ ! _m ye>s dur+ :i* ,italy1 l ! re/ ( ,europe1 0 buri$ 9 :at our ance/ors call$ ,go?ic b>b>ism4 ,! illum9ation ca/ ^u ! classic p]iod by ! lit]ature ( ,rome & by ! memory ( h] great m5 is s vivid1 t we feel ! days ( ! ,republic & ! ,empire to be ne> u2 :ile ! ,italian ,r5aissance is s truly a revival ( t =m] spl5d\r1 a resumption ( ! music int]rupt$ = a season1 t x is extremely difficult to =m any conception ( ! five long c5turies :i* elaps$ betwe5 ! ,lomb>d invasion 9 #efh & ! accession ( ,hildebr& to ! ,pontificate 9 #ajgc4 ,s true is x t no?+ lives & has reality = u b :at is spiritual1 intellectual1 self-possess$ 9 p]sonality & consci\sness4 ,:5 ! ,egyptian prie/ said to ,solon1 ',y ,greeks are always *ildr51' he int5d$ a g5tle s>casm1 b he impli$ a complim5t2 = ! quality ( imp]i%able y\? belong$ to ! ,hell5ic _s1 & has become ! h]itage ( e race :i* p>took ( x4 ,& ?is _s 9 no common degree has be5 %>$ by ! ,italians ( ! e>li] & ! lat] classic epo*4 ,! l& is full ( monum5ts p]ta9+ to ^? two brilliant p]iods2 & :5ev] ! voice ( poet has spok5 or ! h& ( arti/ has be5 at "w1 t _s1 z di/+ui%$ f ! _s ( m$iaevalism1 has f\nd expression4 ,yet x mu/ be rememb]$ t dur+ ! five c5turies above m5tion$ ,italy 0 giv5 ov] to ,lomb>ds1 ,franks1 & ,g]mans4 ,feudal in/itutions1 ali5 to ! social & political ideals ( ! classic _w1 took a tol]ably firm hold on ! c\ntry4 ,! ,lat9 elem5t rema9$ sil5t1 passive1 9 abeyance1 und]go+ an important trans=mation4 ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( ^? five hundr$ ye>s t ! ,italians z a mod]n p1 sep>able f _! ,roman ance/ors1 7 =m$4 ,at ! close ( ?is obscure passage 9 ,italian hi/ory1 _! communes1 ! f\ndation ( ,italy's future indep5d5ce1 & ! s\rce ( h] peculi> national developm5t1 appe>$ 9 all ! vig\r & audacity ( y\?4 ,at its close ! ,italian g5ius pres5t$ ,europe ) its greate/ triumph ( con/ructive ability1 ! ,papacy4 ,at its close aga9 ! s]ies ( supreme arti/ic a*ievem5ts1 />t+ ) ! ar*itecture ( *ur*es & public palaces1 pass+ on to sculpture & pa9t+1 & culm9at+ 9 music1 :i* only end$ ) ! tempor>y ext9ction ( national vitality 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 0 simultane\sly begun 9 all ! prov9ces ( ! p59sula4 ,s important 7 ^! five c5turies ( incubation = ,italy1 & s little is !re left ( !m to arre/ ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t1 dazzl$ z he is by ! ev]-liv+ glories ( ,greece1 ,rome1 & ! ,r5aissance1 t a visit to ! ru9s ( ,canossa is almo/ a duty4 ,!re1 9 spite ( himself1 by ! v isolation & =lorn ab&onm5t ( :at 0 once s =midable a seat ( feudal despotism & ecclesia/ical tyranny1 he is =c$ to confront ! obscure b mighty _s ( ! middle ages4 ,!re1 if any:]e1 ! m5 ( ^? iron-he>t$ times ant]ior to ! ,crusades w acquire di/9ctness = 8 imag9ation1 :5 he recalls ! ?ree ma9 actors 9 ! drama enact$ on ! summit ( ,canossa's rock 9 ! bitt] w9t] ( #ajgg4 ,canossa lies almo/ due s\? ( ,reggio d',emilia1 ^u ! slopes ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,/>t+ f ,reggio1 ! c>riage-road keeps to ! pla9 = "s :ile 9 a we/]ly direction1 & !n b5ds away t[>ds ! m\nta9s4 ,z we approa* _! spurs1 ! gr\nd beg9s to rise4 ,! ri* ,lomb>d til? ( maize & v9e gives place to ,engli%-look+ h$g][s1 l9$ ) oaks1 & /udd$ ) h&some d>k tufts ( gre5 hellebore4 ,! hills desc5d 9 melan*oly e>?-heaps on ! pla91 cr[n$ "h & !re ) ru9$ ca/les4 ,f\r ( ^! m$iaeval /rongholds1 call$ ,bianello1 ,montevetro1 ,monteluzzo1 & ,montezano1 give ! "n ( ,quattro ,ca/elli to ! commune4 ,! mo/ important ( !m1 ,bianello1 :i*1 next to ,canossa1 0 ! /ronge/ =tress possess$ by ! ,c\ntess ,matilda & h] ance/ors1 /ill pres5ts a consid]able mass ( masonry1 ro($ & habitable4 ,! gr\p =m$ a k9d ( advance-gu>d = ,canossa aga9/ attack f ,lomb>dy4 ,aft] pass+ ,quattro ,ca/elli we ent] ! hills1 climb+ g5tly upw>ds betwe5 b>r5 slopes ( a%y grey e>?--! dbris ( mo/ anci5t ,ap5n9es--cre/$ at fav\rable po9ts ) lonely t[]s4 ,9 tru? ! :ole c\ntry bri/les ) ru9$ =ts1 mak+ x cle> t dur+ ! middle ages ,canossa 0 b ! c5tre ( a great milit>y sy/em1 ! core & k]nel ( a =tifi$ position :i* cov]$ an area to be measur$ by scores ( squ>e miles1 rea*+ f> into ! m\nta9s1 & buttress$ on ! pla94 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 aft] ne>ly two h\rs' driv+1 ,canossa has n come 9 sight4 ,at la/ a turn 9 ! road discloses an op5+ 9 ! valley ( ! ,enza to ! left3 up ?is lat]al gorge we see fir/ ! ,ca/le ( ,ross5a on its knoll ( solid r$ rock1 flam+ 9 ! sunlight2 & !n1 fur!r )drawn1 deta*$ f all surr\nd+ objects1 & re>$ al(t z ?\gh to sweep ! sea ( wav$ & brok5 hills ar\nd x1 a %>p horn ( h>d :ite /one4 ,t is ,canossa--! alba ,canossa1 ! c&ida petra ( its rhym+ *ronicl]4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ ! comm&+ value ( its situation4 ,at ! same "t ! brilliant :it5ess ( ,canossa's rocky hill1 contra/$ ) ! r$ gleam ( ,ross5a1 & outl9$ aga9/ ! prevail+ dulness ( ^! e>?y ,ap5n9es1 secures a picturesque individuality concordant ) its unique hi/ory & unrivall$ /r5g?4 ,!re is /ill a j\rney ( two h\rs be=e ! ca/le c be rea*$3 & ?is may be p]=m$ on foot or horseback4 ,! pa? w9ds upw>d ov] brok5 gr\nd2 foll[+ ! arte ( curi\sly jumbl$ & ?w>t$ hill-slopes2 pass+ b5ea? ! battlem5ts ( ,ross5a1 :5ce ! un=tunate ,ev]el9a ?rew h]self 9 ord] to escape ! savage love ( h] "l & jailor2 & !n skirt+ ^? horrid e>!n balze :i* are s common & s unattractive a feature ( ,ap5n9e sc5]y4 ,! mo/ hide\s balze to be f\nd 9 ! l5g? & bread? ( ,italy are probably ^? ( ,volt]ra1 f :i* ! citiz5s !mselves recoil ) a k9d ( t]ror1 & :i* lure melan*oly m5 by intol]able fasc9ation on to suicide4 ,= ev] crumbl+1 alt]+ ) fro/ & ra91 dis*>g+ gloomy glaci]s ( sl[-crawl+ mud1 & sc>r+ ! hillside ) tracts ( b>r5ness1 ^! e>?-precipices are among ! mo/ ru9\s & discom=table failures ( nature4 ,!y h n ev5 s mu* ( wildness or gr&eur z =ms1 ! sav+ m]it ( ne>ly all wa/eful ?+s 9 ! _w1 & c only be class$ ) ! desolate ghi>e ( ,italian riv]-b$s4 ,su* z !y are1 ^! balze =m an appropriate preface to ! gloomy & repell5t isolation ( ,canossa4 ,! rock t[]s f a n>r[ plat=m to ! height ( r m ?an #afj feet f its base4 ,! top is fairly level1 =m+ an irregul> triangle1 ( :i* ! greate/ l5g? is ab\t #bfj feet1 & ! wid? ab\t #ajj feet4 ,sc>cely a ve/ige ( any build+ c be trac$ ei!r ^u ! plat=m or ! summit1 ) ! exception ( a brok5 wall & w9d[s suppos$ to belong to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! anci5t ca/le1 ) its triple circuit ( walls1 enclos+ b>racks = ! g>rison1 lodg+s = ! "l & 8 reta9]s1 a /ately *ur*1 a sumptu\s mona/]y1 /oreh\ses1 /ables1 work%ops1 & all ! v>i\s build+s ( a =tifi$ /ronghold1 h utt]ly disappe>$4 ,! v passage ( approa* _c be asc]ta9$2 = x is d\btful :e!r ! pres5t irregul> pa? t scales ! we/]n face ( ! rock be really ! rema9s ( "s old /aircase1 correspond+ to t by :i* ,mont ,s4 ,mi*el 9 ,norm&y is asc5d$4 ,"o ?+ is tol]ably c]ta9--t ! ?ree walls ( :i* we he> s mu* f ! *ronicl]s1 & :i* play$ s picturesque a "p 9 ! drama ( ,h5ry ,,iv4's p5ance1 surr\nd$ ! cliff at its base1 & embrac$ a l>ge acreage ( gr\nd4 ,! citadel itself mu/ h be5 b ! acropolis or keep ( an ext5sive =tress4 ,!re has be5 pl5ty ( "t s9ce ! ye> #abee1 :5 ! p ( ,reggio sack$ & de/roy$ ,canossa1 = ,nature to resume h] undisput$ sway by oblit]at+ ! h&iwork ( m52 & at pres5t ,nature =ms ! *ief *>m ( ,canossa4 ,ly+ "o aft]noon ( ,may on ! crisp %ort grass at ! edge ( a precipice purple ) iris 9 full blossom1 ,i survey$1 f :at 7 once ! battlem5ts ( ,matilda's ca/le1 a prospect ?an :i* !re is none m _s-/irr+ by reason ( its beauty & its manifold associations 9 ,europe4 ,! l[] ca/le-cr[d$ hills h sunk4 ,reggio lies at our feet1 %ut 9 betwe5 ! cre/s ( ,monte ,c>boniano & ,monte delle ,celle4 ,beyond ,reggio /ret*es ,lomb>dy--! faire/ & mo/ memorable battlefield ( nations1 ! ri*e/ & mo/ highly cultivat$ g>d5 ( civilis$ indu/ry4 ,ne>ly all ! ,lomb>d cities may be se51 "s ( !m fa9t l blui% films ( vap\r1 "s cle> ) dome & spire4 ,!re is ,mod5a & h] ,ghirl&9a4 ,c>pi1 ,p>ma1 ,mir&ola1 ,v]ona1 ,mantua1 lie well def9$ & russet on ! flat gre5 map2 & !re fla%es a b5d ( lordly ,po2 & !re ! ,euganeans rise l isl&s1 tell+ u :]e ,padua & ,f]r>a ne/le 9 ! ame?y/9e haze ,beyond & above all to ! nor?w>d sweep ! ,alps1 toss+ _! silv]y cre/s up into ! cl\dless sky f ! violet mi/ t girds _! flanks & dr[ns _! basem5ts4 ,monte ,adamello & ! ,ortl]1 ! cleft ( ! ,br5n]1 & ! %>p peaks ( ! ,v5etian ,alps are all di/9ctly visible4 ,an eagle fly+ /raight f our eyrie might trav]se ,lomb>dy & light among ! sn[-fields ( ! ,valtell9e betwe5 sunrise & sund[n4 ,nor is ! prospect tame to s\?w>d4 ,"h ! ,ap5n9es roll1 bill[ above bill[1 9 maje/ic desolation1 so>+ to sn[ summits 9 ! ,pellegr9o region4 ,z our eye attempts to ?read t labyr9? ( hill & vale1 we tell ourselves t ^? roads w9d to ,tuscany1 & yond] /ret*es ,g>fagnana1 :]e ,ario/o liv$ & mus$ 9 hon\rable exile f ! _w he lov$4 ,x 0 by "o ( ! m\nta9 passes t lead f ,lucca nor?w>d t ! fir/ f\nd] ( ,canossa is said to h travell$ e>ly 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,sigifr$o1 if ! tradition may be tru/$1 0 v weal?y2 & ) 8 money he b\ght l&s & signorial rights at ,reggio1 bequea?+ to 8 *ildr51 :5 he di$ ab\t #ide1 a patrimony :i* !y develop$ into a petty k+dom4 ,azzo1 8 second son1 =tifi$ ,canossa1 & made x 8 pr9cipal place ( resid5ce4 ,:5 ,lo?air1 ,k+ ( ,italy1 di$ 9 #iej1 leav+ 8 beautiful wid[ to ! ill-treatm5t ( 8 successor1 ,b]5g]1 ,adelaide f\nd a protector 9 ?is ,azzo4 ,%e _h be5 imprison$ on ! ,lake ( ,g>da2 b manag+ to escape 9 man's clo!s to ,mantua1 %e !nce s5t news ( h] mis=tunes to ,canossa4 ,azzo lo/ no "t 9 rid+ ) 8 knights to h] relief1 & br\ght h] back 9 safety to 8 m\nta9 fa/ness4 ,x is relat$ t ,azzo 0 aft]w>ds in/rum5tal 9 call+ ,o?o into ,italy & procur+ 8 m>riage ) ,adelaide1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ev5ts ,italy became a fief ( ! ,empire4 ,ow+ to ! "p he play$ at ?is "t1 ! ,"l ( ,canossa 0 recognis$ z "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful vassals ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,hon\rs 7 heap$ ^u him2 & he grew s ri* & =midable t ,b]5g]1 ! titul> ,k+ ( ,italy1 laid siege to 8 =tress ( ,canossa4 ,! memory ( ?is siege1 :i* la/$ = ?ree ye>s & a half1 is said /ill to l+] 9 ! popul> traditions ( ! place4 ,:5 ,azzo di$ at ! end ( ! t5? c5tury1 he left to 8 son ,t$aldo ! title ( ,c\nt ( ,reggio & ,mod5a2 & ?is title 0 soon aft] rais$ to t ( ,m>quis4 ,! ,m>*es gov]n$ z ,vic> ( ! ,empire by ,t$aldo includ$ ,reggio1 ,mod5a1 ,f]r>a1 ,brescia1 & probably ,mantua4 ,!y /ret*$1 9 fact1 across ! nor? ( ,italy1 =m+ a quadrilat]al betwe5 ! ,alps & ,ap5n9es4 ,l 8 fa!r1 ,t$aldo adh]$ consi/5tly to ! ,imp]ial p>ty2 & :5 he di$ & 0 buri$ at ,canossa1 he 9 8 turn bequea!d to 8 son ,bonifazio a p[] & jurisdiction increas$ by 8 own abilities4 ,bonifazio held ! /ate ( a sov]eign at ,canossa1 add+ ! du*y ( ,tuscany to 8 fa!r's fiefs1 & meet+ ! alli$ =ces ( ! ,lomb>d b>ons 9 ! field ( ,coviolo l an indep5d5t pot5tate4 ,8 p[] & spl5d\r 7 great en\gh to r\se ! jeal\sy ( ! ,emp]or2 b ,h5ry ,,iii4 seems to h ?\ght x m prud5t to propitiate ?is pr\d vassal1 & to secure 8 k9dness1 ?an to attempt 8 humiliation4 ,bonifazio m>ri$ ,beatrice1 daught] ( ,fr$]ick1 ,duke ( ,lorra9e--h] ^: m>ble s>cophagus 9 ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa is said to h inspir$ ,niccola ,pisano ) 8 new /yle ( sculpture4 ,_! only *ild1 ,matilda1 0 born1 probably at ,lucca1 9 #ajdf2 & six ye>s aft] h] bir?1 ,bonifazio1 :o _h sway$ 8 subjects l an iron-h&$ tyrant1 0 murd]$4 ,to ! great ,h\se ( ,canossa1 ! rul]s ( "o-?ird ( ,italy1 !re n[ rema9$ only two wom51 ,bonifazio's wid[ ,beatrice1 & 8 daught] ,matilda4 ,beatrice m>ri$ ,godfrey1 ,duke ( ,lorra9e1 :o 0 recognis$ by ,h5ry ,,iv4 z h] husb& & z feudatory ( ! ,empire 9 ! full place ( ,boniface4 ,he di$ ab\t #ajgj2 & 9 ?is ye> ,matilda 0 m>ri$ by proxy to 8 son1 ,godfrey ! ,hun*back1 :om1 h[ev]1 %e did n see till ! ye> #ajgb4 ,! m>riage 0 n a happy "o2 & ! "q has ev5 be5 disput$ among ,matilda's biograph]s :e!r x 0 ev] consummat$4 ,at any rate x did n la/ long2 = ,godfrey 0 kill$ at ,antw]p 9 #ajgf4 ,9 ?is ye> ,matilda also lo/ h] "m1 ,beatrice1 :o di$ at ,pisa1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ca!dral4 ,by ?is rapid enum]ation ( ev5ts x w be se5 h[ ! p[] & hon\rs ( ! ,h\se ( ,canossa1 includ+ ,tuscany1 ,spoleto1 & ! faire/ portions ( ,lomb>dy1 _h devolv$ ^u a s+le woman ( ! age ( ?irty at ! mom5t :5 ! fi]ce qu>rel betwe5 ,pope & ,emp]or began 9 ! ye> #ajgf4 ,matilda 0 de/9$ to play a great1 a /rik+1 & a tragic "p 9 ! op5+ drama ( ,italian hi/ory4 ,h] decid$ "* & uncompromis+ c\rse ( action h won = h] ! "n ( 'la gran donna d',italia1' & h caus$ h] memory to be bless$ or execrat$1 accord+ z ! temporal pret5sions & spiritual tyranny ( ! ,papacy may h f\nd support]s or oppon5ts 9 po/]ity4 ,%e 0 re>$ f *ildhood 9 habits ( au/]ity & unque/ion+ piety4 ,submission to ! ,*ur* became = h] n m]ely a rule ( conduct1 b a passionate en?usiasm4 ,%e id5tifi$ h]self ) ! cause ( f\r successive ,popes1 protect$ h] idol1 ! t]rible & iron-he>t$ ,hildebr&1 9 ! "t ( 8 adv]sity2 rema9$ fai?ful to 8 pr9ciples aft] 8 dea?2 & hav+ s]v$ ! ,holy ,see ) all h] =ce & all t %e possess$ ?r\gh all h] lifetime1 %e bequea!d h] va/ dom9ions to x on h] dea?b$4 ,l "s ( ! greate/ m$iaeval *>act]s--l ,hildebr& himself--,matilda 0 s ?or\ghly ( "o piece1 t %e t[]s above ! mi/s ( ages ) ! massive gr&eur ( an inc>nat$ idea4 ,%e is = u ! liv+ /atue ( a s+le ?\ght1 an undivid$ impulse1 ! m ?an woman born to repres5t h] age4 ,nor 0 x )\t reason t ,dante symbolis$ 9 h] ! love ( ,holy ,*ur*2 ?\gh /ud5ts ( ! ',purgatory' w h>dly recognise ! lovely maid51 s++ & pluck+ fl[]s beside ! /ream ( ,le!1 9 ! /]n & w>like *atela9e ( ,canossa4 ,un=tunately we "k b little ( ,matilda's p]sonal appe>ance4 ,h] heal? 0 n /rong2 & x is said to h be5 weak5$1 especially 9 h] la/ illness1 by ascetic obs]vances4 ,yet %e head$ h] own troops1 arm$ ) sword & cuirass1 avoid+ nei!r p]il nor fatigue 9 ! qu>rels ( h] ma/] ,gregory4 ,up to ! ye> #afbb two /rong suits ( mail 7 pres]v$ at ,quattro ,ca/elli1 :i* 7 said to h be5 worn by h] 9 battle1 & :i* 7 aft]w>ds sold on ! m>ket-place at ,reggio4 ,?is habit ( donn+ arm\r does n1 h[ev]1 prove t ,matilda 0 exceptionally vigor\s2 = 9 ^? savage times %e c\ld h>dly h play$ ! "p ( h]o9e )\t p>ticipat+ p]sonally 9 ! dang]s ( w>f>e4 ,no less monum5tal 9 ! pla/ic unity ( 8 "* 0 ! monk ,hildebr&1 :o = tw5ty ye>s be=e 8 elevation to ! ,papacy _h be5 ! mak] ( ,popes & ! creator ( ! policy ( ,rome4 ,:5 he 0 himself elect$ 9 ! ye> #ajgc1 & _h assum$ ! "n ( ,gregory ,,vii41 he imm$iately began to put 9 practice ! plans = ,*ur* aggr&isem5t he _h sl[ly matur$ dur+ ! previ\s qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,to free ! ,*ur* f its subs]vi5ce to ! ,empire1 to ass]t ! ,pope's "r to ratify ! election ( ! ,emp]or & to ex]cise ! "r ( jurisdiction ov] him1 to place ecclesia/ical appo9tm5ts 9 ! sole p[] ( ! ,roman ,see1 & to r5d] ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy obligatory1 7 ! po9ts he _h resolv$ to c>ry4 ,tak5 s+ly & toge!r1 ^! *ief aims ( ,hildebr&'s policy _h b "o object--! magnification ( ! ,*ur* at ! exp5se bo? ( ! p & ( secul> au?orities1 & ! fur!r sep>ation ( ! ,*ur* f ! ties & sympa?ies ( common life t b\nd x to humanity4 ,to accuse ,hildebr& ( p]sonal ambition w\ld be b %all[ criticism1 ?\gh x is cle> t 8 inflexible & puissant nature f\nd a savage selfi% pleasure 9 trampl+ ^u p[] & humbl+ pride at w>f>e ) 8 own4 ,yet 8 0 9 no s5se an egoti/ic purpose l t :i* mov$ ! ,popes ( ! ,r5aissance to dismemb] ,italy = _! ba/>ds4 ,hildebr&1 l ,matilda1 0 himself ! creature ( a great idea4 ,^! two pot5t p]sonalities completely und]/ood ea* o!r1 & work$ t[>ds a s+le end4 ,?o my?opoeic fancy might conceive ( !m z ! male & female manife/ations ( "o dom9ant faculty1 ! _s ( ecclesia/ical dom9ion inc>nate 9 a man & woman ( almo/ sup]-human m\ld4 ,oppos$ to !m1 z ! ?ird actor 9 ! drama ( ,canossa1 0 a man ( feebl] m\ld4 ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,k+ ( ,italy1 b n yet cr[n$ ,emp]or1 _h none ( 8 oppon5ts' unity ( purpose or monum5tal dignity ( "*4 ,at w> ) 8 ,g]man feudatories1 br[beat5 by rebelli\s sons1 unfai?ful & cruel to 8 wife1 vacillat+ 9 ! measures he adopt$ to meet 8 div]s difficulties1 at "o "t torm5t$ by 8 consci5ce into c[>dly submission1 & at ano!r treasonably neglectful ( ! mo/ solemn obligations1 ,h5ry 0 no mat* = ! /]n wills aga9/ :i* he 0 de/9$ to break 9 unavail+ passion4 ,e>ly disagreem5ts ) ,gregory _h culm9at$ 9 8 excommunication4 ,! ,g]man nobles ab&on$ 8 cause2 & ,h5ry f\nd x exp$i5t to summon a c\ncil 9 ,augsburg = ! settlem5t ( matt]s 9 dispute betwe5 ! ,empire & ! ,papacy4 ,gregory express$ 8 will+ness to att5d ?is c\ncil1 & set =? f ,rome accompani$ by ! ,c\ntess ,matilda 9 ,decemb] #ajgf4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 travel fur!r ?an ,v]celli1 = news "h rea*$ him t ,h5ry 0 ab\t to ent] ,italy at ! head ( a p[]ful army4 ,matilda h]eupon p]suad$ ! ,holy ,fa!r to place himself 9 safety among h] /rongholds ( ,canossa4 ,?i!r accord+ly ,gregory retir$ be=e ! end+ ( t ye>2 & bitt] 7 ! s>casms utt]$ by ! imp]ial p>tisans 9 ,italy ^u ?is protection (f]$ by a fair c\ntess to ! monk :o _h be5 made a ,pope4 ,! f\l calumnies ( t bygone age w\ld be unwor?y ( ev5 s mu* z ?is notice1 if we did n trace 9 !m ! in]adicable ,italian t5d5cy to cynical ins9uation--a t5d5cy :i* has involv$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,r5aissance ,popes 9 an almo/ imp5etrable mi/ ( lies & exagg]ations4 ,h5ry 0 9 tru? ^u 8 road to ,italy1 b ) a v diff]5t att5dance f t :i* ,gregory expect$4 ,accompani$ by ,b]?a1 8 wife1 & 8 boy son ,conrad1 ! ,emp]or elect left ,spires 9 ! condition ( a fugitive1 cross$ ,burgundy1 sp5t ,*ri/mas at ,besanon1 & j\rney$ to ! foot ( ,mont ,c5is4 ,x is said t he 0 foll[$ by a s+le male s]vant ( mean bir?2 & if ! tale ( 8 adv5tures dur+ ! passage ( ! ,alps c be cr$it$1 hi/ory pres5ts few] spectacles m picturesque ?an ! /raits to :i* ?is repres5tative ( ! ,cs>s1 ?is supreme *ief ( feudal civility1 ?is rul] de/9$ /ill to be ! lead] ( mighty armies & ! fa!r ( a l9e ( mon>*s1 0 expos$4 ,conceal+ 8 real "n & /ate1 he induc$ "s %eph]ds to lead him & 8 escort ?r\gh ! ?ick sn[s to ! summit ( ,mont ,c5is2 & by ! help ( ^! m5 ! imp]ial p>ty 7 aft]w>ds let d[n ! sn[-slopes on ! fur!r side by means ( ropes4 ,b]?a & h] wom5 7 sewn up 9 hides & dragg$ across ! froz5 surface ( ! w9t] drifts4 ,x 0 a ye> memorable = its sev]ity4 ,heavy sn[ _h fall5 9 ,octob]1 :i* cont9u$ ice-b\nd & unyield+ till ! foll[+ ,april4 ,no soon] _h ,h5ry rea*$ ,tur91 ?an he set =w>d aga9 9 ! direction ( ,canossa4 ,! fame ( 8 arrival _h prec$$ him1 & he f\nd t 8 p>ty 0 f> /rong] 9 ,italy ?an he _h v5tur$ to expect4 ,proximity to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome dive/s its fulm9ations ( half _! t]rors4 ,! ,italian bi%ops & b>ons1 less sup]/iti\s ?an ! ,g]mans1 & ) great] reason to res5t ! dom9e]+ grasp+ness ( ,gregory1 7 ready to esp\se ! ,emp]or's cause4 ,h5ry ga!r$ a =midable =ce z he m>*$ onw>d across ,lomb>dy2 & "s ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s prelates & nobles ( ! ,s\? 7 9 8 suite4 ,a m det]m9$ lead] ?an ,h5ry prov$ himself to be1 might possibly h =c$ ,gregory to "s accommodation1 9 spite ( ! /r5g? ( ,canossa & ! ,pope's inv9cible ob/9acy1 by prop] use ( ^! support]s4 ,mean:ile ! adh]5ts ( ! ,*ur* 7 mu/]$ 9 ,matilda's =tress2 among :om may be m5tion$ ,azzo1 ! prog5itor ( ,e/e & ,brunswick2 ,hugh1 ,abbot ( ,clugny2 & ! pr9cely family ( ,pi$mont4 ',i am become a second ,rome1' exclaims ,canossa1 9 ! language ( ,matilda's rhym+ *ronicl]2 'all hon\rs are m9e2 ,i hold at once bo? ,pope & ,k+1 ! pr9ces ( ,italy & ^? ( ,gaul1 ^? ( ,rome1 & ^? f f> beyond ! ,alps4' ,! /age 0 ready2 ! audi5ce _h assembl$2 & n[ ! ?ree great actors 7 ab\t to meet4 ,imm$iately ^u 8 arrival at ,canossa1 ,h5ry s5t = 8 c\s91 ! ,c\ntess ,matilda1 & bes\ght h] to int]c$e = him ) ,gregory4 ,he 0 prep>$ to make any concessions or to und]go any humiliations1 if only ! ban ( excommunication might be remov$2 nor1 c[$ z he 0 by 8 own sup]/iti\s consci5ce1 & by ! memory ( ! opposition he _h met ) f 8 ,g]man vassals1 does he seem to h once ?\ght ( meet+ =ce ) =ce1 & ( return+ to 8 nor!rn k+dom triumphant 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ,gregory's pride4 ,matilda und]took to plead 8 cause be=e ! ,pontiff4 ,b ,gregory 0 n to be mov$ s soon to m]cy4 ',if ,h5ry has 9 tru? rep5t$1' he repli$1 'let him lay d[n cr[n & sceptre1 & decl>e himself unwor?y ( ! "n ( k+4' ,! only po9t conc$$ to ! suppliant 0 t he %\ld be admitt$ 9 ! g>b ( a p5it5t )9 ! prec9cts ( ! ca/le4 ,leav+ 8 ret9ue outside ! walls1 ,h5ry ent]$ ! fir/ s]ies ( outworks1 & 0 !nce conduct$ to ! second1 s t betwe5 him & ! citadel itself !re /ill rema9$ ! ?ird ( ! surr\nd+ ba/ions4 ,"h he 0 bidd5 to wait ! ,pope's pleasure2 & "h1 9 ! mid/ ( t bitt] w9t] wea!r1 :ile ! fi]ce w9ds ( ! ,ap5n9es 7 sweep+ sleet ^u him 9 _! passage f ,monte ,pellegr9o to ! pla91 he knelt b>efoot1 clo!d 9 sackclo?1 fa/+ f dawn till eve1 = ?ree :ole days4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! f\r? day1 judg+ t ,gregory 0 inexorable1 & t 8 suit w\ld n be grant$1 ,h5ry retir$ to ! ,*apel ( ,s4 ,ni*olas1 :i* /ood )9 ?is second prec9ct4 ,!re he call$ to 8 aid ! ,abbot ( ,clugny & ! ,c\ntess1 bo? ( :om 7 8 relations1 & :o1 mu* z !y might sympa?ise ) ,gregory1 c\ld h>dly be suppos$ to look ) satisfaction on _! royal k9sman's outrage4 ,! ,abbot told ,h5ry t no?+ 9 ! _w c\ld move ! ,pope2 b ,matilda1 :5 9 turn he fell be=e h] knees & wept1 engag$ to d = him ! utmo/4 ,%e probably knew t ! mom5t = unb5d+ _h arriv$1 & t h] imp]i\s gue/ c\ld n ) ei!r dec5cy or prud5ce prolong ! outrage (f]$ to ! civil *ief ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x 0 ! #be? ( ,janu>y :5 ! ,emp]or elect 0 br\ght1 half dead ) cold & mis]y1 into ! ,pope's pres5ce4 ,!re he pro/rat$ himself 9 ! du/1 cry+ al\d = p>don4 ,x is said t ,gregory fir/ plac$ 8 foot ^u ,h5ry's neck1 utt]+ ^! words ( ,scripture3 ',sup] aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis1 et conculcabis leonem et draconem1' & t !n he rais$ him f ! e>? & =mally pron\nc$ 8 p>don4 ,! prelates & nobles :o took "p 9 ?is sc5e 7 compell$ to gu>antee ) _! own oa?s ! v[s ( ob$i5ce pron\nc$ by ,h5ry2 s t 9 ! v act ( reconciliation a new insult 0 (f]$ to him4 ,aft] ?is ,gregory said mass1 & p]mitt$ ,h5ry to communicate2 & at ! close ( ! day a banquet 0 s]v$1 at :i* ! ,k+ sat d[n to meat ) ! ,pope & ! ,c\ntess4 ,x is probable t1 :ile ,h5ry's p5ance 0 p]=m$ 9 ! ca/le c\rts b5ea? ! rock1 8 reception by ! ,pope1 & all t subsequ5tly happ5$1 took place 9 ! citadel itself4 ,b ( ?is we h no positive in=mation4 ,inde$ ! sil5ce ( ! *ronicles z to ! topography ( ,canossa is peculi>ly un=tunate = lov]s ( ! picturesque 9 hi/oric detail1 n[ t !re is no possibility ( trac+ ! outl9es ( ! anci5t build+4 ,_h ! au?or ( ! ',vita ,ma?ildis' 7,muratori1 vol4 v47 =ese5 t 8 belov$ ,canossa w\ld "o day be no?+ b a mass ( native rock1 he w\ld und\bt$ly h be5 m explicit on ^! po9ts2 & mu* t is vague ab\t an ev5t only p>allel$ by our ,h5ry ,,ii4's p5ance be=e ,becket's %r9e at ,cant]bury1 might n[ be cle>4 ,v little rema9s to be told ab\t ,canossa4 ,dur+ ! same ye>1 #ajgg1 ,matilda made ! celebrat$ donation ( h] fiefs to ,holy ,*ur*4 ,?is 0 accept$ by ,gregory 9 ! "n ( ,s4 ,pet]1 & x 0 confirm$ by a second de$ dur+ ! pontificate ( ,urban ,,iv4 9 #aajb4 ,?\gh ,matilda subsequ5tly m>ri$ ,guelfo d',e/e1 son ( ! ,duke ( ,bav>ia1 %e 0 spe$ily divorc$ f him2 nor 0 !re any heir to a m>riage ridicul\s by reason ( disp>ity ( age1 ! bridegroom be+ b eighte51 :ile ! bride 0 =ty-?ree 9 ! ye> ( h] second nuptials4 ,dur+ "o ( ,h5ry's desc5ts into ,italy1 he made an unsuccessful attack ^u ,canossa1 assail+ x at ! head ( a consid]able =ce "o ,octob] morn+ 9 #ajib4 ,matilda's biograph] in=ms u t ! mi/s ( autumn veil$ 8 belov$ =tress f ! eyes ( ! beleagu]]s4 ,!y _h n ev5 ! satisfaction ( behold+ ! unvanqui%$ citadel2 &1 :at 0 m1 ! bann] ( ! ,emp]or 0 seiz$ & d$icat$ z a trophy 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,apollonio4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,c\ntess op5$ h] gates ( ,canossa to an illu/ri\s fugitive1 ,adelaide1 ! wife ( h] old foeman1 ,h5ry1 :o _h escap$ ) difficulty f ! insults & ! cruelty ( h] husb&4 ,aft] ,h5ry's dea?1 8 son1 ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,v41 paid ,matilda a visit 9 h] ca/le ( ,bianello1 address$ h] by ! "n ( "m1 & conf]r$ ^u h] ! vice-reg5cy ( ,liguria4 ,at ! age ( sixty-n9e %e di$1 9 #aaae1 at ,bond5o de' ,roncori1 & 0 buri$1 n among h] k9sm5 at ,canossa1 b 9 an abbey ( ,s4 ,b5$ict ne> ,mantua4 ,) h] expir$ ! ma9 l9e ( ! noble h\se %e repres5t$2 ?\gh ,canossa1 n[ made a fief ( ! ,empire 9 spite ( ,matilda's donation1 0 giv5 to a family :i* claim$ desc5t f ,bonifazio's bro!r ,conrad--a "y man kill$ 9 ! battle ( ,coviolo4 ,?is family1 9 its turn1 0 ext+ui%$ 9 ! ye> #aegj2 b a junior bran* /ill exi/s at ,v]ona4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,mi*elangelo ,buon>roti claim$ k9%ip ) ! ,c\nt ( ,canossa2 & a lett] f ! ,c\nt is extant ackn[l$g+ ! validity ( 8 pret5sion4 ,z f> back z #abee ! p ( ,reggio de/roy$ ! ca/le2 nor did ! nobles ( ,canossa di/+ui% !mselves 9 subsequ5t hi/ory among ^? families :o bas$ _! despotisms on ! dbris ( ! ,imp]ial p[] 9 ,lomb>dy4 ,x seem$ de/9$ t ,canossa & all belong+ to x %\ld rema9 z a m]e "n & memory ( ! outgr[n middle ages4 ,e/5si1 ,c>r>esi1 ,visconti1 ,b5tivogli1 & ,gonzaghi belong to a lat] p]iod ( ,lomb>d hi/ory1 & m>k ! dawn ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,z ,i lay & mus$ t aft]noon ( ,may ^u ! %ort grass1 cropp$ by two grey goats1 :om a little boy 0 t5d+1 x occurr$ to me to ask ! woman :o _h s]v$ me z guide1 :e!r any leg5d rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry conc]n+ ! ,c\ntess ,matilda4 ,%e _h (t51 probably1 be5 ask$ ?is "q by o!r travell]s4 ,!re=e %e 0 m ?an usually ready ) an answ]1 :i*1 z f> z ,i c\ld und]/& h] dialect1 0 ?is4 ,matilda 0 a great & pot5t wit*1 ^: summons ! devil 0 b\nd to obey4 ,"o day %e aspir$1 alone ( all h] sex1 to say mass2 b :5 ! mom5t came = sacr+ ! elem5ts1 a ?und]bolt fell f ! cle> sky1 & r$uc$ h] to a%es4#ab ,t ! mo/ s+le-he>t$ h&maid ( ! ,holy ,*ur*1 ^: life 0 "o long devotion to its ord9ances1 %\ld survive 9 ?is grotesque my?1 might s]ve to po9t a satire ^u ! vanity ( e>?ly fame4 ,! leg5d 9 its v extravagance is a fanciful di/ortion ( ! tru?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,=novo ,9 ! t[n ( ,p>ma !re is "o surpass+ly /range relic ( ! pa/4 ,! palace ( ! ,f>nesi1 l _m a haunt ( up/>t tyranny & begg>$ pride on ^! ,italian pla9s1 rises mis%ap5 & disconsolate above ! /ream t be>s ! city's "n4 ,! squalor ( ?is grey-br[n edifice ( =mless brick1 left nak$ l ! palace ( ! same ,f>nesi at ,piac5za1 has some?+ ev5 horrid 9 x n[ t only vague memory survives ( its =m] uses4 ,! pr9cely sprezzatura ( its anci5t occupants1 c>eless ( ^! unf9i%$ c\rts & unro($ gall]ies amid ! spl5d\r ( _! purfl$ silks & ! glitt] ( _! tor*light pageantry1 has yield$ to sull5 cynicism--! cynicism ( arre/$ ru9 & unrev]5d age4 ,all t 0 satisfy+ to ! s5ses & di/ract+ to ! eyesight 9 _! transitory pomp has pass$ away1 leav+ a s9i/] & nak$ %ell4 ,remembrance c b summon up ! crimes1 ! madness1 ! trivialities ( ^? dead palace-build]s4 ,an atmosph]e ( evil cl+s to ! dilapidat$ walls1 z ?\gh ! ta9t$ _s ( ! infam\s ,pi] ,luigi /ill possess$ ! spot1 on :i* 8 toad/ool brood ( pr9cel+s spr\t$ 9 ! mud ( _! misde$s4 ,enclos$ 9 ?is huge labyr9? ( brickwork is ! relic ( :i* ,i spoke4 ,x is ! once _w-fam\s ,teatro ,f>nese1 rais$ 9 ! ye> #afah by ,ranunzio ,f>nese = ! m>riage ( ,odo>do ,f>nese ) ,m>g>et ( ,au/ria4 ,giambatti/a ,aleotti1 a native ( pageant-lov+ ,f]r>a1 trac$ ! /ately curves & noble ord]s ( ! gall]ies1 design$ ! columns t support ! raft]$ ro(1 m>k$ out ! or*e/ra1 arrang$ ! /age1 & brea!d into ! :ole ! _s ( ,palladio's mo/ h]oic neo-,lat9 /yle4 ,va/1 built ( wood1 di%evell$1 ) brok5 /atues & blurr$ coats ( arms1 ) its empty sc5e1 its uncurl+ frescoes1 its hang+s all 9 rags1 its cobwebs ( two c5turies1 its du/ & mildew & discol\r$ gold--?is !atre1 a %am 9 its be/ days1 & n[ t uglie/ ( ?+s1 a %am unmask$ & nak$ to ! light ( day1 is yet sublime1 because ( its proportion$ h>mony1 because ( its gr& ,roman mann]4 ,! sight & feel+ ( x fa/5 ^u ! m9d & abide 9 ! memory l a nightm>e1--l "o ( ,piranesi's weirde/ & mo/ passion-haunt$ et*+s = ! ,c>c]i4 ,idl+ !re at noon 9 ! twilight ( ! du/-b$>k5$ w9d[s1 we fill ! ti]s ( ^? high gall]ies ) ladies1 ! space bel[ ) grooms & pages2 ! /age is ablaze ) tor*es1 & an ,italian ,masque1 su* z our ,m>l[e dream$ (1 fills ! sc5e4 ,b x is impossible to d[] ^! fancies ) ev5 su* life z 9 heal?i]1 happi] ru9s phantasy may l5d to imag9ation's figm5ts4 ,?is !atre is l a maniac's skull1 empty ( all b unrealities & mock]ies ( ?+s t are4 ,! gho/s we raise "h c\ld nev] h be5 liv+ m5 & wom53 que/i sciaurati non fur mai vivi4 ,s cl++ is ! s5se ( in/ability t app]ta9s to e fragm5t ( t dry-rot tyranny :i* seiz$ by evil =tune 9 ! sunset ( h] gold5 day on ,italy4 ,9 ?is !atre ,i mus$ "o morn+ aft] visit+ ,=novo2 & ! ?\ghts sugge/$ by ! battlefield f\nd _! prop] atmosph]e 9 ! dilapidat$ place4 ,:at1 inde$1 is ! ,teatro ,f>nese b a symbol ( ^? holl[ pr9cipalities :i* ! despot & ! /rang] built 9 ,italy aft] ! fatal date ( #adid1 :5 national en?usiasm & political en]gy 7 expir+ 9 a blaze ( art1 & :5 ! ,italians z a p _h ceas$ to be2 b :5 ! phantom ( _! =m] life1 surviv+ 9 high works ( beauty1 0 /ill sup]b by reason ( imp]i%able /yle6 ,h[ mu* 9 ,italy ( ! ,r5aissance 01 l ?is plank-built pla/]$ !atre1 a glori\s %am6 ,! %am 0 se5 ?r\gh !n2 & n[ x /&s unmask$3 & yet1 /range to say1 s p]fect is its =m t we respect ! %am & yield our spirits to ! incantation ( its music4 ,! battle ( ,=novo1 z mod]n battles g1 0 a paltry affair2 & ev5 at ! "t x seem$ suffici5tly )\t result4 ,yet ! trumpets :i* rang on ,july #f1 #adie1 = ! onset1 s\nd$ ! rveil ( ! mod]n _w2 & 9 ! inconclusive t]m9ation ( ! /ruggle ( t day1 ! ,italians 7 already judg$ & s5t5c$ z a nation4 ,! armies :o met t morn+ repres5t$ ,italy & ,france1--,italy1 ! ,sibyl ( ,r5aissance2 ,france1 ! ,sibyl ( ,revolution4 ,at ! fall ( ev5+ ,europe 0 already look+ nor?w>d2 & ! la/ ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 op5+ an act :i* clos$ 9 blood at ,p>is on ! end+ ( ! eighte5?4 ,if x 7 n = ?\ghts l ^!1 no "o1 ,i suppose1 w\ld take ! tr\ble to drive = two h\rs out ( ,p>ma to ! little village ( ,=novo--a score ( b>e grey hovels on ! m>g9 ( a pebbly riv]-b$ b5ea? ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! fields on ei!r side1 z f> z eye c see1 are beautiful inde$ 9 ,may sunlight1 pa9t$ "h ) flax1 l %all[ %eets ( wat] reflect+ a pale sky1 & !re ) clov] r$ z blood4 ,sc>ce unfold$ leaves sp>kle l flamelets ( bright gre5 ^u ! knott$ v9es1 & ! "y corn is b5d+ all "o way b5ea? a we/]n breeze4 ,b n less beautiful ?an ?is is ! :ole broad pla9 ( ,lomb>dy2 nor are ! night+ales l\d] "h ?an 9 ! acacia trees ar\nd ,pavia4 ,z we drive1 ! fields become less f]tile1 & ! hills encroa* ^u ! level1 s5d+ d[n _! spurs ^u t waveless pla9 l blunt rocks jutt+ out into a tranquil sea4 ,:5 we rea* ! b$ ( ! ,t>o1 ^! hills beg9 to n>r[ on ei!r h&1 & ! road rises4 ,soon !y op5 out aga9 ) gradual curv+ l9es1 =m+ a k9d ( amphi!atre fill$ up f flank to flank ) ! ghi>a or pebbly bottom ( ! ,t>o4 ,! ,t>o is n less wa/eful ?an any o!r ( ! bro!rhood ( /reams t p\r f ,alp or ,ap5n9e to swell ! ,po4 ,x w&]s1 an impati5t rivulet1 ?r\gh a wild]ness ( b\ld]s1 unc]ta9 ( its aim1 %ift+ its c\rse ) ! season ( ! ye>1 unless ! jaws ( "s deep-clov5 gully hold x tight & %[ h[ insignificant x is4 ,z we advance1 ! hills approa* aga92 betwe5 _! skirts !re is no?+ b ! riv]-b$2 & n[ on ris+ gr\nd above ! /ream1 at ! po9t ( juncture betwe5 ! ,c5o & ! ,t>o1 we f9d ,=novo4 ,beyond ! village ! valley broad5s out once m1 disclos+ ,ap5n9es capp$ ) w9t] sn[4 ,to ! "r desc5ds ! ,c5o4 ,to ! left foams ! ,t>o1 foll[+ ^: rocky *annel we %\ld come at la/ to ,pontremoli & ! ,tyrrh5ian sea beside ,s>zana4 ,on a ,may-day ( sun%9e l ! pres5t1 ! ,t>o is a g5tle /ream4 ,a waggon drawn by two :ite ox5 has j ent]$ its *annel1 guid$ by a contad9o ) goat-sk9 legg+s1 wield+ a long goad4 ,! pati5t creatures /em ! wat]1 :i* rises to ! peasant's ?ighs & ripples r\nd ! creak+ :eels4 ,sway+ to & fro1 z ! %+les %ift ^u ! riv]-b$1 !y make _! way across2 & n[ !y h em]g$ ^u ! /ones2 & n[ we lose !m 9 a flood ( sunlight4 ,x 0 by ?is pass t ,*>les ,,viii4 9 #adie return$ f ,tuscany1 :5 ! army ( ! ,league 0 drawn up wait+ to int]cept & cru% him 9 ! m\setrap ( ,=novo4 ,no road rema9$ = ,*>les & 8 troops b ! rocky b$ ( ! ,t>o1 runn+1 z ,i h describ$ x1 betwe5 ! spurs ( /eep hills4 ,x is true t ! valley ( ! ,baganza leads1 f a little high] up among ! m\nta9s1 into ,lomb>dy4 ,b ?is pass runs /raight to ,p>ma2 & to foll[ x w\ld h br\ght ! ,fr5* ^u ! walls ( a /rong city4 ,*>les c\ld n d o!rwise ?an desc5d ^u ! village ( ,=novo1 & cut 8 way !nce 9 ! tee? ( ! ,italian army ov] /ream & b\ld] betwe5 ! gorges ( ?rottl+ m\nta94 ,! failure ( ! ,italians to a*ieve :at "h ^u ! gr\nd appe>s s simple1 deliv]$ ,italy h&-b\nd to /rang]s4 ,_h !y b succe$$ 9 arre/+ ,*>les & de/roy+ 8 =ces at ,=novo1 x is j possible t !n--ev5 !n1 at ! elev5? h\r--,italy might h ga9$ ! s5se ( national coh]5ce1 or at lea/ h prov$ h]self capable ( hold+ by h] leagues ! =eign] at bay4 ,z x 01 ! battle ( ,=novo1 9 spite ( ,v5etian bonfires & ,mantuan ,madonnas ( ,victory1 made h] consci\s ( incompet5ce & convict$ h] ( c[>dice4 ,aft] ,=novo1 h] sons sc>cely d>$ to hold _! heads up 9 ! field aga9/ invad]s2 & ! battles f\ght ^u h] soil 7 duels among ali5s = ! prize ( ,italy4 ,9 ord] to compreh5d ! battle ( ,=novo 9 its be>+s on ,italian hi/ory1 we mu/ g back to ! ye> #adib1 & und]/& ! conditions ( ! v>i\s ,/ates ( ,italy at t date4 ,on ,april #h 9 t ye>1 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 :o _h succe$$ 9 ma9ta9+ a political equilibrium 9 ! p59sula1 expir$1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,pi]o1 a va9 & foolh>dy "y man1 f :om no guidance c\ld be expect$4 ,on ,july #be1 ,innoc5t ,,viii4 di$1 & 0 succe$$ by ! v wor/ ,pope :o has ev] occupi$ ,s4 ,pet]'s *air1 ,rod]igo ,borgia1 ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,x 0 felt at once t ! old ord] ( ?+s _h someh[ end$1 & t a new era1 ! de/9ies ( :i* z yet rema9$ incalculable1 0 op5+ = ,italy4 ,! *ief ,italian p[]s1 hi!rto kept 9 equipoise by ! diplomacy ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 7 ^!--! ,du*y ( ,milan1 ! ,republic ( ,v5ice1 ! ,republic ( ,flor5ce1 ! ,papacy1 & ! k+dom ( ,naples4 ,m9or ,/ates1 su* z ! ,republics ( ,g5oa & ,si5a1 ! ,du*ies ( ,urb9o & ,f]r>a1 ! ,m>quisate ( ,mantua1 ! petty tyrannies ( ,romagna1 & ! weal?y city ( ,bologna1 7 suffici5tly important to affect ! balance ( p[]1 & to produce new comb9ations4 ,= ! pres5t purpose x is1 h[ev]1 en\gh to consid] ! five great ,p[]s4 ,aft] ! peace ( ,con/ance1 :i* fre$ ! ,lomb>d ,communes f ,imp]ial int]f]5ce 9 ! ye> #aahc1 ,milan1 by h] geographical position1 rose rapidly to be ! fir/ city ( ,nor? ,italy4 ,)\t n>rat+ ! *anges by :i* %e lo/ h] fre$om z a ,commune1 x is en\gh to /ate t1 e>lie/ ( all ,italian cities1 ,milan pass$ into ! h&s ( a s+le family4 ,! ,visconti manag$ to conv]t ?is fl\ri%+ commonweal?1 ) all its dep5d5cies1 into _! private prop]ty1 rul+ x exclusively = _! own pr(it1 us+ its municipal in/itutions z ! ma*9]y ( adm9i/ration1 & employ+ ! taxes :i* !y rais$ ^u its weal? = purely selfi% ends4 ,:5 ! l9e ( ! ,visconti end$ 9 ! ye> #addg1 _! tyranny 0 cont9u$ by ,francesco ,s=za1 ! son ( a poor soldi] ( adv5ture1 :o _h rais$ himself by 8 milit>y g5ius1 & _h m>ri$ ,bianca1 ! illegitimate daught] ( ! la/ ,visconti4 ,on ! dea? ( ,francesco ,s=za 9 #adff1 he left two sons1 ,galeazzo ,m>ia & ,lodovico1 surnam$ ,il ,moro1 bo? ( :om 7 de/9$ to play a prom95t "p 9 hi/ory4 ,galeazzo ,m>ia1 dissolute1 vici\s1 & cruel to ! core1 0 murd]$ by 8 injur$ subjects 9 ! ye> #adgf4 ,8 son1 ,giovanni ,galeazzo1 ag$ eight1 w\ld 9 c\rse ( "t h succe$$ to ! ,du*y1 _h x n be5 = ! ambition ( 8 uncle ,lodovico4 ,lodovico contriv$ to "n himself z ,reg5t = 8 nephew1 :om he kept1 long aft] he _h come ( age1 9 a k9d ( hon\rable prison4 ,virtual ma/] 9 ,milan1 b )\t a legal title to ! ?rone1 unrecognis$ 9 8 au?ority by ! ,italian p[]s1 & hold+ x f day to day by craft & fraud1 ,lodovico at la/ f\nd 8 situation unt5able2 & x 0 ?is difficulty ( an usurp] to ma9ta9 himself 9 8 despotism :i*1 z we %all see1 br\ght ! ,fr5* into ,italy4 ,v5ice1 ! neighb\r & con/ant foe ( ,milan1 _h become a close olig>*y by a process ( gradual con/itutional developm5t1 :i* ?rew h] gov]nm5t into ! h&s ( a few nobles4 ,%e 0 practically rul$ by ! h]$it>y memb]s ( ! ,gr& ,c\ncil4 ,ev] s9ce ! ye> #adec1 :5 ,con/ant9ople fell b5ea? ! ,turk1 ! ,v5etians _h be5 m & m /rait5$ 9 _! ,ori5tal comm]ce1 & 7 ?r[n back ^u ! policy ( t]ritorial aggr&isem5t 9 ,italy1 f :i* !y _h hi!rto refra9$ z ali5 to ! temp]am5t ( ! ,republic4 ,at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ,v5ice !re=e became an object ( envy & t]ror to ! ,italian ,/ates4 ,!y envi$ h] because %e alone 0 tranquil1 weal?y1 p[]ful1 & free4 ,!y fe>$ h] because !y _h good reason to suspect h] ( encroa*m5t2 & x 0 =ese5 t if %e got ! upp] h& 9 ,italy1 all ,italy w\ld be ! prop]ty ( ! families inscrib$ ^u ! ,gold5 ,book4 ,x 0 ?us alone t ! ,italians compreh5d$ gov]nm5t4 ,! pr9ciple ( repres5tation be+ utt]ly unkn[n1 & ! privileg$ burgh]s 9 ea* city be+ reg>d$ z absolute & lawful own]s ( ! city & ( ev]y?+ belong+ to x1 ! conque/ ( a t[n by a republic impli$ ! political ext9ction ( t t[n & ! disfran*isem5t ( its inhabitants 9 fav\r ( ! conqu]ors4 ,flor5ce at ?is epo* /ill call$ itself a ,republic2 & ( all ,italian commonweal?s x 0 by f> ! mo/ democratic4 ,its hi/ory1 unlike t ( ,v5ice1 _h be5 ! hi/ory ( cont9ual & brusque *anges1 result+ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! old nobility1 9 ! equalisation ( ! burgh]s1 & 9 ! =mation ( a new ari/ocracy ( weal?4 ,prom ?is class ( b\rgeois nobles sprang ! ,m$ici1 :o1 by c>eful manipulation ( ! ,/ate ma*9]y1 by ! creation ( a p[]ful p>ty devot$ to _! int]e/s1 by flatt]y ( ! p1 by corruption1 by taxation1 & by con/ant s*em+1 rais$ !mselves to ! fir/ place 9 ! commonweal?1 & became its virtual ma/]s4 ,9 ! ye> #adib ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ! mo/ rem>kable *ief ( ?is despotic family1 di$1 bequea?+ 8 supremacy 9 ! ,republic to a son ( m>k$ incompet5ce4 ,s9ce ! ,pontificate ( ,ni*olas ,v4 ! ,see ( ,rome _h ent]$ ^u a new p]iod ( exi/5ce4 ,! ,popes no long] dread$ to reside 9 ,rome1 b 7 b5t ^u mak+ ! metropolis ( ,*ri/5dom bo? spl5did z a seat ( art & le>n+1 & also pot5t z ! capital ( a secul> k+dom4 ,?\gh _! fiefs 9 ,romagna & ! ,m>* 7 /ill held b loosely1 ?\gh _! prov9ces sw>m$ ) petty despots :o defi$ ! ,papal au?ority1 & ?\gh ! pr9cely ,roman h\ses ( ,colonna & ,ors9i 7 /ill /rong en\gh to t]rorise ! ,holy ,fa!r 9 ! ,vatican1 x 0 n[ cle> t ! ,papal ,see mu/ 9 ! end get ! bett] ( its adv]s>ies1 & consolidate itself into a fir/-rate ,p[]4 ,! int]nal _s ( ! ,papacy at ?is "t correspond$ to its ext]nal policy4 ,x 0 ?or\ghly secul>is$ by a s]ies ( worldly & vici\s pontiffs1 :o _h clean =gott5 :at _! title1 ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 impli$4 ,!y consi/5tly us$ _! religi\s pre/ige to en=ce _! secul> au?ority1 :ile by _! temporal p[] !y caus$ _! religi\s claims to be respect$4 ,corrupt & %ameless1 !y indulg$ !mselves 9 e vice1 op5ly ackn[l$g$ _! *ildr51 & turn$ ,italy upside d[n 9 ord] to e/abli% fav\rites & ba/>ds 9 ! pr9cipalities !y seiz$ z spoils ( w>4 ,! k+dom ( ,naples diff]$ f any o!r /ate ( ,italy4 ,subject cont9ually to =eign rul]s s9ce ! decay ( ! ,greek ,empire1 gov]n$ 9 succession by ! ,normans1 ! ,hoh5/auff5s1 & ! ,h\se ( ,anj\1 x _h nev] enjoy$ ! real indep5d5ce1 or ! free in/itutions1 ( ! nor!rn prov9ces2 nor _h x be5 ,italianis$ 9 ! same s5se z ! re/ ( ! p59sula4 ,despotism1 :i* assum$ s _m =ms 9 ,italy1 0 "h nei!r ! tyranny ( a noble h\se1 nor ! mask$ autocracy ( a burgh]1 nor yet ! =ceful sway ( a condotti]e4 ,x _h a dyna/ic "*1 resembl+ ! mon>*y ( "o ( ! great ,european nations1 b modifi$ by ! peculi> conditions ( ,italian /atecraft4 ,ow+ to ?is dyna/ic & mon>*ical complexion ( ! ,neapolitan k+dom1 semi-feudal cu/oms fl\ri%$ 9 ! s\? f> m ?an 9 ! nor? ( ,italy4 ,! b>ons 7 m p[]ful2 & ! de/9ies ( ! ,regno (t5 turn$ ^u _! feuds & qu>rels ) ! ,cr[n4 ,at ! same "t ! ,neapolitan despots %>$ ! uneasy circum/ances ( all ,italian pot5tates1 ow+ to ! unc]ta9ty ( _! t5ure1 bo? z conqu]ors & ali5s1 & also z ! nom9al vassals ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! rights ( suz]a9ty :i* ! ,normans _h yield$ to ! ,papacy ov] _! s\!rn conque/s1 & :i* ! ,popes _h arbitr>ily ex]cis$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,angev9e pr9ces1 prov$ a con/ant s\rce ( p]il to ! re/ ( ,italy by r5d]+ ! succession to ! cr[n ( ,naples d\btful4 ,on ! ext9ction ( ! ,angev9e l9e1 h[ev]1 ! ?rone 0 occupi$ by a pr9ce :o _h no valid title b t ( ! sword to its possession4 ,alfonso ( ,aragon conqu]$ ,naples 9 #addb1 & neglect+ 8 h]$it>y dom9ion1 settl$ 9 8 ,italian capital4 ,possess$ ) ! en?usiasm = lit]ature :i* 0 !n ! rul+ passion ( ! ,italians1 & v lib]al to m5 ( le>n+1 ,alfonso won = himself ! surname ( ,magnanim\s4 ,on 8 dea?1 9 #adeh1 he bequea!d 8 ,spani% k+dom1 toge!r ) ,sicily & ,s>d9ia1 to 8 bro!r1 & left ! fruits ( 8 ,italian conque/ to 8 ba/>d1 ,f]d9&4 ,?is ,f]d9&1 ^: bir? 0 buri$ 9 pr(\nd obscurity1 0 ! reign+ sov]eign 9 ! ye> #adib4 ,( a cruel & sombre temp]am5t1 traitor\s & tyrannical1 ,f]d9& 0 hat$ by 8 subjects z mu* z ,alfonso _h be5 lov$4 ,he possess$1 h[ev]1 to a rem>kable degree1 ! qualities :i* at t epo* con/itut$ a consummate /atesman2 & ?\gh ! hi/ory ( 8 reign is ! hi/ory ( plots & conspiracies1 ( judicial murd]s & =cible assass9ations1 ( fam9es produc$ by iniquit\s taxation1 & ( e k9d ( diabolical tyranny1 ,f]d9& contriv$ to hold 8 own1 9 ! tee? ( a rebelli\s b>onage or a madd5$ population4 ,8 political sagacity am\nt$ almo/ to a prophetic in/9ct 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 :5 he became aw>e t ! old ord] 0 break+ up 9 ,italy1 & _h cause to dread t ,*>les ,,viii4 ( ,france w\ld prove 8 title to ! k+dom ( ,naples by =ce ( arms4#ac ,su* 7 ! compon5t p>ts ( ! ,italian body politic1 ) ! addition ( num]\s petty pr9cipalities & p[]s1 adh]+ m or less consi/5tly to "o or o!r ( ! great] ,/ates4 ,! :ole complex ma*9e 0 b\nd toge!r by no s5se ( common int]e/1 animat$ by no common purpose1 am5able to no c5tral au?ority4 ,ev5 su* community ( feel+ z "o spok5 language gives1 0 lack+4 ,& yet ,italy di/+ui%$ h]self cle>ly f ! re/ ( ,europe1 n m]ely z a geographical fact1 b also z a p intellectually & spiritually "o4 ,! rapid rise ( humanism _h aid$ 9 produc+ ?is national self-consci\sness4 ,e ,/ate & e city 0 absorb$ 9 ! recov]y ( culture & 9 ! developm5t ( art & lit]ature4 ,f> 9 advance ( ! o!r ,european nations1 ! ,italians reg>d$ ! re/ ( ! _w z b>b>\s1 prid+ !mselves ! :ile1 9 spite ( mutual jeal\sies & hatr$s1 on _! ,italic civilisation4 ,!y 7 enorm\sly weal?y4 ,! res\rces ( ! ,papal treasury1 ! private =tunes ( ! ,flor5t9e bank]s1 ! ri*es ( ! ,v5etian m]*ants might h pur*as$ all t ,france or ,g]many possess$ ( value4 ,! s+le ,du*y ( ,milan yield$ to its ma/]s #gjj1jjj gold5 flor9s ( rev5ue1 accord+ to ! computation ( ,de ,com9es4 ,9 default ( a conf$]ative sy/em1 ! sev]al ,/ates 7 held 9 equilibrium by diplomacy4 ,by f> ! mo/ important p1 next to ! despots & ! capta9s ( adv5ture1 7 ambassadors & orators4 ,w> itself _h become a matt] ( arrangem5t1 b>ga91 & diplomacy4 ,! game ( /ratagem 0 play$ by g5]als :o _h be5 fri5ds ye/]day & might be fri5ds aga9 to-morr[1 ) troops :o felt no loyalty :atev] = ! /&>ds "u :i* !y li/$4 ,to avoid slaught] & to a*ieve ! ends ( w>f>e by p>ade & demon/ration 0 ! int]e/ ( e "o conc]n$4 ,look+ back ^u ,italy ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 tak+ acc\nt ( h] religi\s deadness & moral corruption1 e/imat+ ! abs5ce ( political vig\r 9 ! republics & ! noxi\s tyranny ( ! despots1 analys+ h] lack ( national _s1 & comp>+ h] spl5did life ( cultivat$ ease ) ! want ( m>tial en]gy1 we c see b too pla9ly t contact ) a simpl] & /rong] p c\ld n b produce a t]rible cata/rophe4 ,! ,italians !mselves1 h[ev]1 7 f> f compreh5d+ ?is4 ,c5turies ( undi/urb$ int]nal intrigue _h accu/om$ !m to play ! game ( =feits ) ea* o!r1 & no?+ w>n$ !m t ! "t 0 come at :i* diplomacy1 f9esse1 & craft w\ld /& !m 9 ill /ead aga9/ rapaci\s conqu]ors4 ,! /orm :i* began to ga!r ov] ,italy 9 ! ye> #adib _h its fir/ beg9n+ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,lodovico ,s=za's position 9 ! ,du*y ( ,milan 0 becom+ e day m difficult1 :5 a slight & to all appe>ances insignificant incid5t conv]t$ 8 appreh5sion ( dang] into panic4 ,x 0 cu/om>y = ! ,/ates ( ,italy to congratulate a new ,pope on 8 election by _! ambassadors2 & ?is c]emony _h n[ to be p]=m$ = ,rod]igo ,borgia4 ,lodovico propos$ t 8 envoys %\ld g to ,rome toge!r ) ^? ( ,v5ice1 ,naples1 & ,flor5ce2 b ,pi]o de' ,m$ici1 ^: vanity made him wi% to s5d an embassy 9 8 own "n1 contriv$ t ,lodovico's proposal %\ld be reject$ bo? by ,flor5ce & ! ,k+ ( ,naples4 ,s /ra9$ 0 ! situation ( ,italian affairs t ,lodovico saw 9 ?is repulse a m5ace to 8 own usurp$ au?ority4 ,feel+ himself isolat$ among ! pr9ces ( 8 c\ntry1 rebuff$ by ! ,m$ici1 & coldly treat$ by ! ,k+ ( ,naples1 he turn$ 9 8 anxiety to ,france1 & advis$ ! "y k+1 ,*>les ,,viii41 to make good 8 claim ^u ! ,regno4 ,x 0 a bold move to br+ ! =eign] ?us into ,italy2 & ev5 ,lodovico1 :o prid$ himself ^u 8 sagacity1 c\ld n see h[ ?+s w\ld end4 ,he ?\ght 8 situation s haz>d\s1 h[ev]1 t any *ange mu/ be = ! bett]4 ,moreov]1 a ,fr5* invasion ( ,naples w\ld tie ! h&s ( 8 natural foe1 ,k+ ,f]d9&1 ^: gr&daught]1 ,isabella ( ,aragon1 _h m>ri$ ,giovanni ,galeazzo ,s=za1 & 0 n[ ! rightful ,du*ess ( ,milan4 ,:5 ! ,flor5t9e ambassador at ,milan ask$ him h[ he _h ! c\rage to expose ,italy to su* p]il1 8 reply betray$ ! egotism ( 8 policy3 ',y talk to me ( ,italy2 b :5 h ,i look$ ,italy 9 ! face8 ,no "o ev] gave a ?\ght to my affairs4 ,i h1 !re=e1 _h to give !m su* security z ,i c\ld4' ,*>les ,,viii4 0 "y1 light-bra9$1 romantic1 & rul$ by p>v5us1 :o _h an int]e/ 9 di/urb+ ! old ord] ( ! mon>*y4 ,he l5t a will+ e> to ,lodovico's invitation1 back$ z ?is 0 by ! eloqu5ce & passion ( num]\s ,italian refugees & exiles4 ,aga9/ ! advice ( 8 m prud5t c\nsellors1 he tax$ all ! res\rces ( 8 k+dom1 & conclud$ treaties on disadvantage\s t]ms ) ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,spa91 9 ord] t he might be able to conc5trate all 8 att5tion ^u ! ,italian exp$ition4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> #adic1 x 0 kn[n t ! invasion 0 resolv$ ^u4 ,g5tile ,bec*i1 ! ,flor5t9e envoy at ! ,c\rt ( ,france1 wrote to ,pi]o de' ,m$ici3 ',if ! ,k+ succe$s1 x is all ov] ) ,italy--tutta a bordello4' ,! extraord9>y selfi%ness ( ! sev]al ,italian ,/ates at ?is critical mom5t des]ves to be notic$4 ,! ,v5etians1 z ,paolo ,antonio ,sod]9i describ$ !m to ,pi]o de' ,m$ici1 'are ( op9ion t to keep quiet1 & to see o!r pot5tates ( ,italy sp5d+ & suff]+1 _c b be to _! advantage4 ,!y tru/ no "o1 & feel sure !y h en\gh money to be able at any mom5t to raise suffici5t troops1 & s to guide ev5ts accord+ to _! incl9ations4' ,z ! invasion 0 direct$ aga9/ ,naples1 ,f]d9& ( ,aragon display$ ! acute/ s5se ( ! situation4 ',fr5*m51' he exclaim$1 9 :at appe>s l a prophetic passion :5 contra/$ ) ! cold indiff]5ce ( o!rs no less really m5ac$1 'h nev] come into ,italy )\t inflict+ ru92 & ?is invasion1 if rightly consid]$1 _c b br+ univ]sal ru91 al?\gh x seems to m5ace u alone4' ,9 8 agony ,f]d9& appli$ to ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,b ! ,pope look$ coldly ^u him1 because ! ,k+ ( ,naples1 ) r>e p]spicacity1 _h pr$ict$ t 8 elevation to ! ,papacy w\ld prove disa/r\s to ,*ri/5dom4 ,alex&] pref]r$ to ally himself ) ,v5ice & ,milan4 ,^u ?is ,f]d9& wrote z foll[s3 ',x seems fat$ t ! ,popes %\ld leave no peace 9 ,italy4 ,we are compell$ to fight2 b ! ,duke ( ,b>i 7i4e4 ,lodovico ,s=za7 %\ld ?9k :at may ensue f ! tumult he is /irr+ up4 ,he :o raises ?is w9d w n be able to lay ! tempe/ :5 he likes4 ,let him look to ! pa/1 & he w see h[ e "t t our int]nal qu>rels h br\ght ,p[]s f beyond ! ,alps into ,italy1 ^! h oppress$ & lord$ ov] h]4' ,t]ribly v]ifi$ z ^! words 7 de/9$ to be1--& !y 7 no less prophetic 9 _! political sagacity ?an ,savon>ola's pr$iction ( ! ,sword & bloody ,sc\rge1--x 0 n[ too late to av]t ! com+ ru94 ,on ,m>* #a1 #adid1 ,*>les 0 ) 8 army at ,lyons4 ,e>ly 9 ,septemb] he _h cross$ ! pass ( ,mont ,g5vre & tak5 up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! t[n ( ,a/i4 ,!re is no ne$ to describe 9 detail ! holiday m>* ( ! ,fr5* troops ?r\gh ,lomb>dy1 ,tuscany1 & ,rome1 until1 )\t hav+ /ruck a bl[ ( consequ5ce1 ! gates ( ,naples op5$ to receive ! conqu]or ^u ,febru>y #bb1 #adie4 ,philippe de ,com9es1 :o p>t$ f ! ,k+ at ,a/i & pass$ ! w9t] z 8 envoy at ,v5ice1 has m ?an once record$ 8 belief t no?+ b ! direct int]position ( ,provid5ce c\ld h br\ght s mad an exp$ition to s successful a conclusion4 ',dieu mon/roit conduire l'entreprise1' ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 0 ,*>les in/all$ 9 ,naples ?an ! ,/ates ( ,italy began to comb9e aga9/ him4 ,lodovico ,s=za _h avail$ himself ( ! g5]al confusion consequ5t ^u ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,fr5*1 to poison 8 nephew4 ,he 01 !re=e1 n[ ! titul>1 z well z virtual1 ,"l ( ,milan4 ,s f>1 he _h a*iev$ :at he desir$1 & _h no fur!r ne$ ( ,*>les4 ,! ov]tures he n[ made to ! ,v5etians & ! ,pope t]m9at$ 9 a ,league betwe5 ^! ,p[]s = ! expulsion ( ! ,fr5* f ,italy4 ,g]many & ,spa9 ent]$ into ! same alliance2 & ,de ,com9es1 f9d+ himself treat$ ) m>k$ coldness by ! ,signory ( ,v5ice1 despat*$ a c\ri] to w>n ,*>les 9 ,naples ( ! com+ dang]4 ,aft] a /ay ( only fifty days 9 8 new capital1 ! ,fr5* ,k+ hurri$ nor?w>d4 ,mov+ quickly ?r\gh ! ,papal ,/ates & ,tuscany1 he engag$ 8 troops 9 ! passes ( ! ,ap5n9es ne> ,pontremoli1 & on ,july #e1 #adie1 took up 8 qu>t]s 9 ! village ( ,=novo4 ,de ,com9es reckons t 8 :ole fight+ =ce at ?is "t did n exce$ #i1jjj m51 ) f\rte5 pieces ( artill]y4 ,aga9/ him at ! op5+ ( ! valley 0 ! army ( ! ,league1 numb]+ "s #ce1jjj m51 ( :om ?ree-f\r?s 7 suppli$ by ,v5ice1 ! re/ by ,lodovico ,s=za & ! ,g]man ,emp]or4 ,francesco ,gonzaga1 ,m>quis ( ,mantua1 0 ! g5]al ( ! ,v5etian =ces2 & on him1 !re=e1 fell ! real responsibility ( ! battle4 ,de ,com9es rem>ks on ! imprud5ce ( ! allies1 :o all[$ ,*>les to advance z f> z ,=novo1 :5 x 0 _! obvi\s policy to h e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! village & s h caught ! ,fr5* troops 9 a trap4 ,x 0 a ,sunday :5 ! ,fr5* m>*$ d[n ^u ,=novo4 ,be=e !m spread ! pla9 ( ,lomb>dy1 & beyond x ! :ite cre/s ( ! ,alps4 ',we 71' says ,de ,com9es1 '9 a valley betwe5 two little m\nta9 flanks1 & 9 t valley ran a riv] :i* c\ld easily be =d$ on foot1 except :5 x is swell$ ) sudd5 ra9s4 ,! :ole valley 0 a b$ ( gravel & big /ones1 v difficult = horses1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a league 9 bread?1 & on ! "r bank lodg$ our enemies4' ,any "o :o has visit$ ,=novo c und]/& ! situation ( ! two armies4 ,*>les occupi$ ! village on ! "r bank ( ! ,t>o4 ,on ! same bank1 ext5d+ d[nw>d t[>d ! pla91 lay ! ho/ ( ! allies2 & 9 ord] t ,*>les %\ld escape !m1 x 0 necess>y t he %\ld cross ! ,t>o1 j bel[ its junction ) ! ,c5o1 & rea* ,lomb>dy by m>*+ 9 a p>allel l9e ) 8 foes4 ,all ?r\gh ! night ( ,sunday x ?und]$ & ra9$ incessantly2 s t on ! ,monday morn+ ! ,t>o 0 consid]ably swoll54 ,at sev5 o'clock ! ,k+ s5t = ,de ,com9es1 :o f\nd him already arm$ & m\nt$ on ! f9e/ horse he _h ev] se54 ,! "n ( ?is *>g] 0 ,savoy4 ,he 0 black1 "o-ey$1 & ( middl+ height2 & to 8 great c\rage1 z we %all see1 ,*>les ow$ life ^u t day4 ,! ,fr5* army1 ready = ! m>*1 n[ took to ! gravelly b$ ( ! ,t>o1 pass+ ! riv] at a di/ance ( ab\t a qu>t] ( a league f ! allies4 ,z ! ,fr5* left ,=novo1 ! light cavalry ( _! enemies ent]$ ! village & began to attack ! baggage4 ,at ! same "t ! ,m>quis ( ,mantua1 ) ! fl[] ( 8 m5-at-arms1 cross$ ! ,t>o & h>ass$ ! re> ( ! ,fr5* ho/2 :ile raids f ! "r bank to ! left 7 con/antly be+ made by %>p%oot]s & fly+ squadrons4 ',at ?is mom5t1' says ,de ,com9es1 'n a s+le man ( u c\ld h escap$ if our ranks _h once be5 brok54' ,! ,fr5* army 0 divid$ into ?ree ma9 bodies4 ,! vangu>d consi/$ ( "s #cej m5-at-arms1 #cjjj ,switz]s1 #cjj ar*]s ( ! ,gu>d1 a few m\nt$ crossb[-m51 & ! artill]y4 ,next came ! ,battle1 & aft] ?is ! re>gu>d4 ,at ! "t :5 ! ,m>quis ( ,mantua made 8 attack1 ! ,fr5* re>gu>d _h n yet cross$ ! riv]4 ,*>les quitt$ ! van1 put himself at ! head ( 8 *ivalry1 & *>g$ ! ,italian horsem51 driv+ !m back1 "s to ! village & o!rs to _! camp4 ,de ,com9es obs]ves1 t _h ! ,italian knights be5 support$ 9 ?is passage ( arms by ! light cavalry ( ! ,v5etian =ce1 call$ ,/radiots1 ! ,fr5* mu/ h be5 outnumb]$1 ?r[n into confusion1 & defeat$4 ,z x 01 ^! ,/radiots 7 engag$ 9 plund]+ ! baggage ( ! ,fr5*2 & ! ,italians1 accu/om$ to bloodless enc\nt]s1 did n v5ture1 9 spite ( _! imm5se sup]iority ( numb]s1 to r5ew ! *>ge4 ,9 ! pursuit ( ,gonzaga's horsem5 ,*>les out/ripp$ 8 /aff1 & 0 left almo/ alone to grapple ) a little b& ( m\nt$ foem54 ,x 0 "h t 8 noble horse1 ,savoy1 sav$ 8 p]son by plung+ & *>g+ till assi/ance came up f ! ,fr5*1 & enabl$ ! ,k+ to rega9 8 van4 ,x is incr$ible1 consid]+ ! nature ( ! gr\nd & ! numb] ( ! troops engag$1 t ! allies %\ld n h return$ to ! attack & h made ! passage ( ! ,fr5* into ! pla9 impossible4 ,de ,com9es1 h[ev]1 assures u t ! actual engagem5t only la/$ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & ! pursuit ( ! ,italians ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,aft] !y _h once resolv$ to fly1 !y ?rew away _! lances & betook !mselves to ,reggio & ,p>ma4 ,s complete 0 _! discomfiture1 t ,de ,com9es gravely blames ! want ( milit>y g5ius & adv5ture 9 ! ,fr5* ho/4 ,if1 in/ead ( advanc+ along ! left bank ( ! ,t>o & !re tak+ up 8 qu>t]s = ! night1 ,*>les _h recross$ ! /ream & pursu$ ! army ( ! allies1 he w\ld h _h ! :ole ( ,lomb>dy at 8 discretion4 ,z x 01 ! ,fr5* army encamp$ n f> f ! sc5e ( ! action 9 great discom=t & anxiety4 ,de ,com9es _h to biv\ac 9 a v9ey>d1 )\t ev5 a mantle to wrap r\nd him1 hav+ l5t 8 cloak to ! ,k+ 9 ! morn+2 & z x _h be5 p\r+ all day1 ! gr\nd c\ld n h af=d$ v luxuri\s qu>t]s4 ,! same extraord9>y luck :i* _h att5d$ ! ,fr5* 9 _! :ole exp$ition1 n[ fav\r$ _! retreat2 & ! same pusillanimity :i* ! allies _h %[n at ,=novo1 prev5t$ !m f re-=m+ & engag+ ) ! army ( ,*>les ^u ! pla94 ,"o h\r be=e daybreak on ,tuesday morn+1 ! ,fr5* broke up _! camp & succe$$ 9 cle>+ ! valley4 ,t night !y lodg$ at ,fior5zuola1 ! next at ,piac5za1 & s on2 till on ! eigh? day !y arriv$ at ,a/i )\t hav+ be5 s mu* z incommod$ by ! army ( ! allies 9 _! re>4 ,al?\gh ! field ( ,=novo 0 9 reality s disgraceful to ! ,italians1 !y reckon$ x a victory ^u ! te*nical pret5ce t ! camp & baggage ( ! ,fr5* _h be5 seiz$4 ,illum9ations & rejoic+s made ! piazza ( ,s4 ,m>k 9 ,v5ice gay1 & ,francesco da ,gonzaga _h ! glori\s ,madonna della ,vittoria pa9t$ = him by ,mantegna1 9 commemoration ( :at ought only to h be5 rememb]$ ) %ame4 ,a fitt+ conclusion to ?is sket*1 connect+ its close ) ! comm5cem5t1 may be f\nd 9 "s rem>ks ^u ! mann] ( w>f>e to :i* ! ,italians ( ! ,r5aissance _h become accu/om$1 & :i* prov$ s futile on ! field ( ,=novo4 ,dur+ ! middle ages1 & 9 ! days ( ! ,communes1 ! :ole male population ( ,italy _h f\ght light-arm$ on foot4 ,m]*ant & artisan left ! c\nt+-h\se & ! work%op1 took %ield & pike1 & salli$ =? to attack ! b>ons 9 _! ca/les1 or to meet ! ,emp]or's troops ^u ! field4 ,x 0 ) ?is national militia t ! citiz5s ( ,flor5ce fre$ _! ,contado ( ! nobles1 & ! burgh]s ( ,lomb>dy ga9$ ! battle ( ,legnano4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 by a process ( *ange :i* x is n v easy to trace1 heavily arm$ cavalry began to take ! place ( infantry 9 m$ival w>f>e4 ,m5-at-arms1 z !y 7 call$1 encas$ f head to foot 9 iron1 & m\nt$ ^u *>g]s no less solidly cap>ison$1 drove ! foot-soldi]s be=e !m at ! po9ts ( _! long lances4 ,n[h]e 9 ,italy d !y seem to h met ) ! fi]ce resi/ance :i* ! be>s ( ! ,swiss ,ob]l& & ! bulls ( ,uri (f]$ to ! knights ( ,burgundy4 ,no ,tuscan ,arnold von ,w9kelri$ clasp$ a doz5 lances to 8 bosom t ! foeman's ranks might ?us be brok5 at ! co/ ( 8 own life2 nor did x occur to ! ,italian burgh]s to meet ! *>ge ( ! horsem5 ) squ>es protect$ by bri/l+ spe>s4 ,!y seem1 on ! contr>y1 to h ab&on$ milit>y s]vice ) ! read9ess ( m5 ^: en]gies 7 already absorb$ 9 ! affairs ( peace4 ,to become a practis$ & effici5t man-at-arms requir$ long tra9+ & a life's devotion4 ,s mu* "t ! burgh]s ( ! free t[ns c\ld n sp>e to milit>y s]vice1 :ile ! petty nobles 7 only too glad to devote !mselves to s hon\rable a call+4 ,?us x came to pass t a class ( pr(essional fight+-m5 0 gradually =m$ 9 ,italy1 ^: s]vices ! burgh]s & ! pr9ces b\ght1 & by :om ! w>s ( ! p59sula 7 regul>ly f>m$ by contract4 ,weal? & luxury 9 ! great cities cont9u$ to increase2 & z ! burgh]s grew m com=table1 !y 7 less incl9$ to take ! field 9 _! own p]sons1 & m dispos$ to vote l>ge sums ( money = ! pur*ase ( necess>y aid4 ,at ! same "t ?is sy/em suit$ ! despots1 s9ce x sp>$ !m ! p]il ( arm+ _! own subjects1 :ile !y tax$ !m to pay ! s]vices ( =eign capta9s4 ,w> ?us became a comm]ce4 ,romagna1 ! ,m>*es ( ,ancona1 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,papal dom9ions1 suppli$ a numb] ( petty nobles ^: :ole bus9ess 9 life x 0 to =m companies ( tra9$ horsem51 & ) ^! b&s to hire !mselves out to ! republics & ! despots4 ,ga9 0 ! sole purpose ( ^! capta9s4 ,!y sold _! s]vice to ! highe/ bidd]1 fight+ irrespectively ( pr9ciple or patriotism1 & pass+ ) ! colde/ equanimity f ! camp ( "o ma/] to t ( 8 wor/ foe4 ,x 0 impossible t true milit>y _s %\ld survive ?is pro/itution ( ! art ( w>4 ,a species ( mock w>f>e prevail$ 9 ,italy4 ,battles 7 f\ght ) a view to booty m ?an victory2 prison]s 7 tak5 = ! sake ( ransom2 blood%$ 0 c>efully avoid$1 = ! m5 :o f\ght on ei!r side 9 any pit*$ field _h be5 comrades ) _! pres5t foem5 9 ! la/ enc\nt]1 & :o c\ld tell h[ soon ! g5]al ( ! "o ho/ might n ne$ 8 rival's troops to recruit 8 own ranks8 ,l e g5u9e in/itution ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 w>f>e 0 ?us a "w ( f9e art1 a ma/]piece ( intellectual subtlety2 & l ! ,r5aissance itself1 ?is peculi> =m ( w>f>e 0 ess5tially transitional4 ,! cannon & ! musket 7 already 9 use2 & x only requir$ "o bla/ ( gunp[d] to turn ! %am-fight ( c\rtly1 traitor\s1 f9ess+ capta9s ( adv5ture into some?+ t]ribly m real4 ,to m5 l ! ,m>quis ( ,mantua w> _h be5 a highly pr(itable game ( skill2 to m5 l ! ,m>*al de ,gi x 0 a murd]\s horseplay2 & ?is diff]5ce ! ,italians 7 n sl[ to p]ceive4 ,:5 !y ca/ away _! lances at ,=novo1 & fl$--9 spite ( _! sup]ior numb]s--nev] to return1 "o fair-seem+ %am ( ! fifte5? c5tury became a vision ( ! pa/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,flor5ce ,,& ,,! ,,m$ici ,di ,fir5ze 9 prima si divisono intra loro i nobili1 dipoi i nobili e il popolo1 e 9 ultimo il popolo e la plebe2 e molte volte occorse *e una di que/e p>ti rimasa sup]iore1 si divise 9 due4--,,ma*iavelli4 ,i ,flor5ce1 l all ,italian cities1 ow$ h] indep5d5ce to ! duel ( ! ,papacy & ,empire4 ,! transf]5ce ( ! imp]ial au?ority beyond ! ,alps _h enabl$ ! burghs ( ,lomb>dy & ,tuscany to e/abli% a =m ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,?is gov]nm5t 0 bas$ ^u ! old municipal organisation ( duumvirs & decemvirs4 ,x 01 9 fact1 no?+ m or less ?an a survival f ! anci5t ,roman sy/em4 ,! pro( ( ?is 01 t :ile v9dicat+ _! rights z t[ns1 ! free cities nev] que/ion$ ! validity ( ! imp]ial title4 ,ev5 aft] ! peace ( ,con/ance 9 #aahc1 :5 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa ackn[l$g$ _! autonomy1 !y receiv$ )9 _! walls a supreme magi/rate1 ) p[] ( life & dea? & ultimate appeal 9 all decisive que/ions1 ^: title ( ,pote/ indicat$ t he repres5t$ ! imp]ial p[]--,pote/as4 ,x 0 n by ! ass]tion ( any "r1 s mu* z by ! gr[? ( cu/om1 & by ! weakness ( ! ,emp]ors1 t 9 c\rse ( "t ea* city became a sov]eign ,/ate4 ,! !oretical supremacy ( ! ,empire prev5t$ any o!r au?ority f tak+ ! fir/ place 9 ,italy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! practical ineffici5cy ( ! ,emp]ors to play _! "p enc\rag$ ! e/abli%m5t ( num]\s m9or p[]s am5able to no controll+ discipl9e4 ,! free cities d]iv$ _! /r5g? f indu/ry1 & _h no?+ 9 common ) ! nobles ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,broadly speak+1 ! population ( ! t[ns includ$ :at rema9$ 9 ,italy ( ! old ,roman p4 ,?is ,roman /ock 0 n[h]e /rong] ?an 9 ,flor5ce & ,v5ice--,flor5ce def5d$ f b>b>ian incursions by h] m\nta9s & m>%es1 ,v5ice by ! isolation ( h] lagoons4 ,! nobles1 on ! contr>y1 7 mo/ly ( =eign orig9--,g]mans1 ,franks1 & ,lomb>ds1 :o _h e/abli%$ !mselves z feudal lords 9 ca/les ap>t f ! cities4 ,! =ce :i* ! burghs acquir$ z indu/rial communities 0 soon turn$ aga9/ ^! nobles4 ,! l>g] cities1 l ,milan & ,flor5ce1 began to make w> ^u ! lords ( ca/les1 & to absorb into _! own t]ritory ! small t[ns & villages ar\nd !m4 ,?us 9 ! social economy ( ! ,italians !re 7 two antagoni/ic elem5ts ready to range !mselves b5ea? any bann]s t %\ld give ! =m ( legitimate w>f>e to _! mutual ho/ility4 ,x 0 ! policy ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! twelf? c5tury to support ! cause ( ! cities1 us+ !m z a weapon aga9/ ! ,empire1 & /imulat+ ! gr[+ ambition ( ! burgh]s4 ,9 ?is way ,italy came to be divid$ into ! two _w-fam\s factions kn[n z ,guelf & ,ghibell9e4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 ,guelf & ,ghibell9e 0 ! /ruggle ( ! ,papacy = ! depression ( ! ,empire1 ! /ruggle ( ! great burghs face to face ) feudalism1 ! /ruggle ( ! old ,italie /ock enclos$ 9 cities ) ! =eign nobles e/abli%$ 9 =tresses4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* _h f9ally triumph$ by ! extirpation ( ! ,h\se ( ,hoh5/auf51 ?is conflict ( ,guelf & ,ghibell9e 0 really end$4 ,until ! reign ( ,*>les ,v4 no ,emp]or int]f]$ to any purpose 9 ,italian affairs4 ,at ! same "t ! ,popes ceas$ to wield a =midable p[]4 ,hav+ won ! battle by call+ 9 ! ,fr5*1 !y suff]$ ! consequ5ces ( ?is policy by los+ _! hold on ,italy dur+ ! long p]iod ( _! exile at ,avignon4 ,! ,italians1 left )\t ei!r ,pope or ,emp]or1 7 free to pursue _! c\rse ( int]nal developm5t1 & to prosecute _! qu>rels among !mselves4 ,b ?\gh ! names ( ,guelf & ,ghibell9e lo/ _! old significance aft] ! ye> #abff 7! date ( ,k+ ,manfr$'s dea?71 ^! two factions _h s divid$ ,italy t !y cont9u$ to play a prom95t "p 9 h] annals4 ,guelf /ill meant con/itutional autonomy1 meant ! burgh] z aga9/ ! noble1 meant indu/ry z oppos$ to feudal lord%ip4 ,ghibell9e meant ! rule ( ! few ov] ! _m1 meant tyranny1 meant ! int]e/ ( ! noble z aga9/ ! m]*ant & ! citiz54 ,^! broad di/9ctions mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 if we seek to und]/& h[ x 0 t a city l ,flor5ce cont9u$ to be gov]n$ by p>ties1 ! ,european =ce ( :i* _h pass$ away4 ,,ii ,flor5ce fir/ rose into importance dur+ ! papacy ( ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,up to ?is date %e _h be5 a t[n ( second-rate di/9ction ev5 9 ,tuscany4 ,pisa 0 m p[]ful by arms & comm]ce4 ,lucca 0 ! old seat ( ! dukes & m>quises ( ,tuscany4 ,b betwe5 ! ye>s #abjj & #abej ,flor5ce assum$ ! place %e 0 to hold !nce=w>d1 by head+ ! league ( ,tuscan cities =m$ to support ! ,guelf p>ty aga9/ ! ,ghibell9es4 ,=mally adopt+ ! ,guelf cause1 ! ,flor5t9es made !mselves ! *ampions ( municipal lib]ty 9 ,c5tral ,italy2 & :ile !y decl>$ w> aga9/ ! ,ghibell9e cities1 !y endeav\r$ to /amp out ! v "n ( noble 9 _! ,/ate4 ,x is n ne$ful to describe ! v>y+ =tunes ( ! ,guelfs & ,ghibell9es1 ! burgh]s & ! nobles1 dur+ ! ?irte5? & ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5turies4 ,suffice x to say t ?r\gh all ! vicissitudes ( t /ormy p]iod ! "n ,guelf became m & m associat$ ) republican fre$om 9 ,flor5ce4 ,at la/1 aft] ! f9al triumph ( t p>ty 9 #abec1 ! ,guelfs rema9$ victors 9 ! city4 ,associat+ ! glory ( _! indep5d5ce ) ,guelf pr9ciples1 ! citiz5s ( ,flor5ce p]petuat$ )9 _! ,/ate a faction t1 9 its turn1 0 de/9$ to prove p]il\s to lib]ty4 ,:5 x became cle> t ! republic 0 to rule itself h5ce=? untrammell$ by imp]ial int]f]5ce1 ! p divid$ !mselves into six di/ricts1 & *ose = ea* di/rict two ,anci5ts1 :o adm9i/]$ ! gov]nm5t 9 conc]t ) ! ,pote/ & ! ,capta9 ( ! ,p4 ,! ,anci5ts 7 a relic ( ! old ,roman municipal organisation4 ,! ,pote/ :o 0 inv>iably a noble =eign] select$ by ! p1 repres5t$ ! ext9ct imp]ial "r1 & ex]cis$ ! p[] ( life & dea? )9 ! city4 ,! ,capta9 ( ! ,p1 :o 0 also a =eign]1 head$ ! burgh]s 9 _! milit>y capacity1 = at t p]iod ! troops 7 levi$ f ! citiz5s !mselves 9 tw5ty companies4 ,! body ( ! citiz5s1 or ! popolo1 7 ultimately sov]eigns 9 ! ,/ate4 ,assembl$ "u ! bann]s ( _! sev]al companies1 !y =m$ a p>lam5to = delegat+ _! own p[] to ea* successive gov]nm5t4 ,_! repres5tatives1 aga91 arrang$ 9 two c\ncils1 call$ ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,p & ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,commune1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,capta9 ( ! ,p & ! ,pote/1 ratifi$ ! measures :i* _h previ\sly be5 propos$ & c>ri$ by ! executive au?ority or ,signoria4 ,"u ?is simple ,/ate sy/em ! ,flor5t9es plac$ !mselves at ! head ( ! ,tuscan ,league1 f\ght ! battles ( ! ,*ur*1 ass]t$ _! sov]eignty by issu+ ! gold5 flor9 ( ! republic1 & fl\ri%$ until #abff4 ,,iii ,9 t ye> an important *ange 0 effect$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,! :ole population ( ,flor5ce consi/$1 on ! "o h&1 ( nobles or ,gr&i1 z !y 7 call$ 9 ,tuscany1 & on ! o!r h& ( work+ p4 ,! latt]1 divid$ into trad]s & h&icraftsm51 7 di/ribut$ 9 guilds call$ ,arti2 & at t "t !re 7 sev5 ,great] & five ,less] ,arti1 ! mo/ influ5tial ( all be+ ! ,guild ( ! ,wool ,m]*ants4 ,^! guilds _h _! halls = meet+1 _! colleges ( *ief (fic]s1 _! heads1 call$ ,consoli or ,priors1 & _! flags4 ,9 #abff x 0 decid$ t ! adm9i/ration ( ! commonweal? %\ld be plac$ simply & :olly 9 ! h&s ( ! ,arti1 & ! ,priors ( ^! indu/rial companies became ! lords or ,signory ( ,flor5ce4 ,no inhabitant ( ! city :o _h n enroll$ himself z a craftsman 9 "o ( ! guilds c\ld ex]cise any function ( burgh]%ip4 ,to be sciop]ato1 or )\t indu/ry1 0 to be )\t p[]1 )\t rank or place ( hon\r 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! revolution :i* plac$ ! ,arts at ! head ( ! republic _h ! practical effect ( exclud+ ! ,gr&i altoge!r f ! gov]nm5t4 ,viol5t ef=ts 7 made by ^! noble families1 pot5t ?r\gh _! t]ritorial possessions & =eign connections1 & tra9$ f boyhood 9 ! use ( arms1 to recov] ! place f :i* ! new laws ?ru/ !m3 b _! m5ac+ attitude1 in/ead ( intimidat+ ! burgh]s1 r\s$ _! ang] & drove !m to ! pass+ ( /ill m /r+5t laws4 ,9 #abic1 aft] ! ,ghibell9es _h be5 defeat$ 9 ! great battle ( ,campald9o1 a s]ies ( sev]e enactm5ts1 call$ ! ,ord9ances ( ,ju/ice1 7 decre$ aga9/ ! unruly ,gr&i4 ,all civic rights 7 tak5 f !m2 ! sev]e/ p5alties 7 atta*$ to _! slighte/ infr+em5t ( municipal law2 _! titles to l& 7 limit$2 ! privilege ( liv+ )9 ! city walls 0 all[$ !m only "u gall+ re/rictions2 &1 la/ n lea/1 a supreme magi/rate1 nam$ ! ,gonfaloni] ( ,ju/ice1 0 creat$ = ! special purpose ( wat*+ !m & c>ry+ out ! p5al code aga9/ !m4 ,h5ce=w>d ,flor5ce 0 gov]n$ exclusively by m]*ants & artisans4 ,! ,gr&i ha/5$ to enrol !mselves 9 ! guilds1 ex*ang+ _! =m] titles & dignities = ! solid privilege ( burgh]%ip4 ,! exact p>allel to ?is indu/rial con/itution = a commonweal?1 c>ry+ on w>s ) emp]ors & pr9ces1 hold+ haughty capta9s 9 its pay1 & dictat+ laws to subject cities1 _c1 ,i ?9k1 be else:]e f\nd 9 hi/ory4 ,x is z unique z ! ,flor5ce ( ,dante & ,giotto is unique4 ,:ile ! p 0 gu>d+ itself ?us /r+5tly aga9/ ! ,gr&i1 a sep>ate body 0 creat$ = ! special purpose ( extirpat+ ! ,ghibell9es4 ,a p]man5t committee ( vigilance1 call$ ! ,college or ! ,capta9s ( ! ,guelf ,p>ty1 0 e/abli%$4 ,x 0 _! function to adm9i/] ! =feit$ possessions ( ,ghibell9e rebels1 to hunt out suspect$ citiz5s1 to prosecute !m = ,ghibell9ism1 to judge !m1 & to puni% !m z traitors to ! commonweal?4 ,?is body1 l a little ,/ate )9 ! ,/ate1 prov$ =midable to ! republic itself ?r\gh ! unlimit$ & undef9$ sway x ex]cis$ ov] burgh]s :om x *ose to tax ) treason4 ,9 c\rse ( "t x became ! olig>*ical elem5t )9 ! ,flor5t9e democracy1 & ?reat5$ to *ange ! free con/itution ( ! city into a gov]nm5t conduct$ by a few p[]ful families4 ,!re is no ne$ to dwell 9 detail on ! int]nal difficulties ( ,flor5ce dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,two ma9 circum/ances1 h[ev]1 require to be briefly notic$4 ,^! are 7i7 ! conte/ ( ! ,blacks & ,:ites1 s fam\s ?r\gh ! "p play$ 9 x by ,dante2 & 7ii7 ! tyranny ( ! ,duke#a ( ,a!ns1 ,walt] de ,bri5ne4 ,! feuds ( ! ,blacks & ,:ites broke up ! city into factions1 & produc$ su* an>*y t at la/ x 0 f\nd necess>y to place ! republic "u ! protection ( =eign pot5tates4 ,*>les ( ,valois 0 fir/ *os51 & aft] him ! ,duke ( ,a!ns1 :o took up 8 resid5ce 9 ! city4 ,entru/$ ) dictatorial au?ority1 he us$ 8 p[] to =m a milit>y despotism4 ,?\gh 8 reign ( viol5ce la/$ r less ?an a ye>1 x bore important fruits2 = ! tyrant1 seek+ to support himself ^u ! fav\r ( ! common p1 gave political p[] to ! ,less] ,arts at ! exp5se ( ! ,great]1 & confus$ ! old ,/ate-sy/em by enl>g+ ! democracy4 ,! net result ( ^! ev5ts = ,flor5ce 01 fir/1 t ! city became habituat$ to rancor\s p>ty-/rife1 involv+ exiles & proscriptions2 &1 secondly1 t x lo/ its primitive social hi]>*y ( classes4 ,,iv ,aft] ! ,guelfs _h conqu]$ ! ,ghibell9es1 & ! p _h absorb$ ! ,gr&i 9 _! guilds1 ! next *apt] 9 ! tr\bl$ hi/ory ( ,flor5ce 0 ! division ( ! ,popolo aga9/ itself4 ,civil /rife n[ decl>$ itself z a conflict betwe5 lab\r & capital4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,less] ,arts1 craftsm5 :o pli$ trades subord9ate to ^? ( ! ,great] ,arts1 rose up aga9/ _! social & political sup]iors1 dem&+ a l>g] %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t1 a m equal di/ribution ( pr(its1 high] wages1 & privileges t %\ld place !m on an absolute equality ) ! weal?y m]*ants4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #acgh t ! prolet>iate broke out into rebellion4 ,previ\s ev5ts _h prep>$ ! way = ?is revolt4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! republic _h be5 democratis$ ?r\gh ! de/ruction ( ! ,gr&i & ?r\gh ! popul> policy pursu$ to ga9 8 own ends by ! ,duke ( ,a!ns4 ,secondly1 society _h be5 %ak5 to its v f\ndation by ! great plague ( #acdh4 ,bo? ,boccaccio & ,matteo ,villani draw lively pictures ( ! relax$ morality & loss ( ord] consequ5t ^u ?is t]rible disa/]2 nor _h ?irty ye>s suffic$ to re/ore _! relative position to grades & ranks conf\nd$ by an ov]:elm+ calamity4 ,we may !re=e reckon ! great plague ( #acdh among ! causes :i* produc$ ! an>*y ( #acgh4 ,ris+ 9 a mass to claim _! privileges1 ! artisans eject$ ! ,signory f ! ,public ,palace1 & = a:ile ,flor5ce 0 at ! m]cy ( ! mob4 ,x is wor?y ( notice t ! ,m$ici1 ^: "n is sc>cely kn[n be=e ?is epo*1 n[ came = "o mom5t to ! front4 ,salve/ro de' ,m$ici 0 ,gonfaloni] ( ,ju/ice at ! "t :5 ! tumult fir/ broke out4 ,he foll[$ ! faction ( ! h&icraftsm51 & became ! h]o ( ! day4 ,i _c discov] t he did m ?an ext5d a sort ( passive protection to _! cause4 ,yet !re is no d\bt t ! atta*m5t ( ! work+ classes to ! ,h\se ( ,m$ici dates f ?is p]iod4 ,! rebellion ( #acgh is kn[n 9 ,flor5t9e hi/ory z ! ,tumult ( ! ,ciompi4 ,! "n ,ciompi /rictly means ! ,wool-,c>d]s4 ,"o set ( op]atives 9 ! city1 & t ! l>ge/1 gave its title to ! :ole body ( ! lab\r]s4 ,= "s mon?s ^! craftsm5 gov]n$ ! republic1 appo9t+ _! own ,signory & pass+ laws 9 _! own int]e/2 b1 z is usual1 ! prolet>iate f\nd itself incapable ( su/a9$ gov]nm5t4 ,! ambition & discont5t ( ! ,ciompi foam$ !mselves away1 & indu/ri\s work+ m5 began to see t trade 0 langui%+ & cr$it on ! wane4 ,by _! own act at la/ !y re/or$ ! gov]nm5t to ! ,priors ( ! ,great] ,arti4 ,/ill ! movem5t _h n be5 )\t grave consequ5ces4 ,x complet$ ! levell+ ( classes1 :i* _h be5 /eadily advanc+ f ! fir/ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,aft] ! ,ciompi riot !re 0 no long] n only any di/9ction betwe5 noble & burgh]1 b ! di/9ction betwe5 great] & less] guilds 0 practically swept away4 ,! classes1 p>ties1 & degrees 9 ! republic 7 s brok5 up1 gr\nd d[n1 & m+l$1 t !nce=? ! true s\rce ( p[] 9 ! ,/ate 0 weal? comb9$ ) p]sonal ability4 ,9 o!r words1 ! prop] political conditions _h be5 =m$ = unscrupul\s adv5tur]s4 ,flor5ce _h become a democracy )\t social organisation1 :i* might fall a prey to olig>*s or despots4 ,:at rema9$ ( deeply root$ feuds or factions--animosities aga9/ ! ,gr&i1 hatr$ = ! ,ghibell9es1 jeal\sy ( lab\r & capital--(f]$ s _m po9ts ( lev]age = /irr+ ! passions ( ! p & = cov]+ p]sonal ambition ) a cloak ( public zeal4 ,! "t 0 come = ! ,albizzi to attempt an olig>*y1 & = ! ,m$ici to beg9 ! enslavem5t ( ! ,/ate4 ,v ,! ,con/itution ( ,flor5ce (f]$ _m po9ts ( weakness to ! attacks ( su* intrigu]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place x 0 9 its orig9 n a political b an indu/rial organisation--a simple gr\p ( guilds inve/$ ) ! sov]eign au?ority4 ,its two mo/ p[]ful eng9es1 ! ,gonfaloni] ( ,ju/ice & ! ,guelf ,college1 _h be5 =m$1 n ) a view to ! pres]vation ( ! gov]nm5t1 b ) ! purpose ( quell+ ! nobles & exclud+ a dete/$ faction4 ,x _h no p]man5t head1 l ! ,doge ( ,v5ice2 no fix$ s5ate l ! ,v5etian ,gr& ,c\ncil2 its *ief magi/rates1 ! ,signory1 7 elect$ = %ort p]iods ( two mon?s1 & _! mode ( election 0 op5 to ! grave/ criticism4 ,suppos$ to be *os5 by lot1 !y 7 really select$ f li/s drawn up by ! factions 9 p[] f "t to "t4 ,^! factions contriv$ to exclude ! names ( all b _! adh]5ts f ! bags1 or borse1 9 :i* ! burgh]s eligible = election _h to be inscrib$4 ,fur!rmore1 x 0 n possible = ?is %ift+ ,signory to conduct affairs requir+ su/a9$ ef=t & secret delib]ation2 !re=e rec\rse 0 be+ cont9ually _h to dictatorial ,commissions4 ,! p1 summon$ 9 p>liam5t ^u ! ,great ,squ>e1 7 ask$ to conf] pl5ipot5ti>y au?ority ^u a committee call$ ,balia1 :o proce$$ to d :at !y *ose 9 ! ,/ate1 & :o reta9$ p[] aft] ! em]g5cy = :i* !y 7 creat$ pass$ away4 ,! same in/ability 9 ! supreme magi/racy l$ to ! appo9tm5t ( special commission]s = w>1 & special c\ncils1 or ,prati*e1 = ! managem5t ( ea* dep>tm5t4 ,su* supplem5t>y commissions n only prov$ ! weakness ( ! c5tral au?ority1 b !y 7 always liable to be made ! in/rum5ts ( p>ty w>f>e4 ,! ,guelf ,college 0 ano!r & a diff]5t s\rce ( dang] to ! ,/ate4 ,n act+ "u ! control ( ! ,signory1 b us+ its own initiative1 ?is p[]ful body c\ld proscribe & puni% burgh]s on ! m]e suspicion ( ,ghibell9ism4 ,?\gh ! ,ghibell9e faction _h become an empty "n1 ! ,guelf ,college exclud$ f ! fran*ise all & e :om !y *ose on any pretext to admoni%4 ,"u ?is mild phrase1 to admoni%1 0 conceal$ a cruel ex]cise ( tyranny--x meant to w>n a man t he 0 suspect$ ( treason1 & t he _h bett] rel9qui% ! ex]cise ( 8 burgh]%ip4 ,by free use ( ?is eng9e ( ,admonition1 ! ,guelf ,college r5d]$ _! enemies voiceless 9 ! ,/ate1 & 7 able to pack ! ,signory & ! c\ncils ) _! own creatures4 ,ano!r important defect 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,con/itution 0 ! me?od ( impos+ taxes4 ,?is 0 done by no regul> sy/em4 ,! p>ty 9 p[] made :at e/imate x *ose ( a man's capacity to be> taxation1 & call$ ^u him = extraord9>y loans4 ,9 ?is way citiz5s 7 frequ5tly driv5 into bankruptcy & exile2 & s9ce to be a debtor to ! ,/ate depriv$ a burgh] ( 8 civic rights1 sev]e taxation 0 "o ( ! be/ ways ( sil5c+ & neutralis+ a diss5ti5t4 ,i h enum]at$ ^! sev]al causes ( weakness 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,/ate-sy/em1 p>tly because !y %[ h[ irregul>ly ! ,con/itution _h be5 =m$ by ! pat*+ & ext5sion ( a simple indu/rial ma*9e to suit ! ne$s ( a great commonweal?2 p>tly because x 0 ?r\gh ^! defects t ! democracy m]g$ gradually into a despotism4 ,! art ( ! ,m$ici consi/$ 9 a sci5tific compreh5sion ( ^! v imp]fections1 a me?odic use ( !m = _! own purposes1 & a /eady opposition to any attempts made to sub/itute a /rict] sy/em4 ,! ,flor5t9es _h det]m9$ to be an indu/rial community1 gov]n+ !mselves on ! co-op]ative pr9ciple1 divid+ pr(its1 %>+ losses1 & expos+ _! magi/rates to rigid scrut9y4 ,all ?is 9 !ory 0 excell5t4 ,_h !y rema9$ an unambiti\s & peaceful commonweal?1 engag$ 9 ! wool & silk trade1 x might h answ]$4 ,mod]n ,europe might h admir$ ! model ( a communi/ic & comm]cial democracy4 ,b :5 !y engag$ 9 aggressive w>s1 & s\ght to enslave si/]-cities l ,pisa & ,lucca1 x 0 soon f\nd t _! simple trad+ con/itution w\ld n s]ve4 ,!y _h to piece x out ) subord9ate ma*9]y1 cumbr\s1 difficult to manage1 ill-adapt$ to ! orig9al /ructure4 ,ea* limb ( ?is subord9ate ma*9]y1 moreov]1 0 a po9t d'appui = insidi\s & self-seek+ p>ty lead]s4 ,flor5ce1 9 ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 a va/ beehive ( indu/ry4 ,di/9ctions ( rank among burgh]s1 qualifi$ to vote & hold (fice1 7 !oretically unkn[n4 ,highly educat$ m51 ( m ?an pr9cely weal?1 sp5t _! "t 9 %ops & c\nt+-h\ses1 & tra9$ _! sons to foll[ trades4 ,milit>y s]vice at ?is p]iod 0 ab&on$ by ! citiz5s2 !y pref]r$ to pay m]c5>y troops = ! conduct ( _! w>s4 ,nor 0 !re1 z 9 ,v5ice1 any outlet = _! en]gies ^u ! seas4 ,flor5ce _h no navy1 no great port--%e only kept a small fleet = ! protection ( h] comm]ce4 ,?us ! vig\r ( ! commonweal? 0 conc5trat$ on itself2 :ile ! influ5ce ( ! citiz5s1 ?r\gh _! affiliat$ trad+-h\ses1 correspond5ts1 & ag5ts1 ext5d$ l a network ov] ,europe4 ,9 a community ( ?is k9d x 0 natural t weal?--rank & titles be+ abs5t--%\ld alone conf] di/9ction4 ,accord+ly we f9d t out ( ! v bosom ( ! p a new plutocratic ari/ocracy beg9s to rise4 ,! ,gr&i are no m2 b c]ta9 families a*ieve di/9ction by _! ri*es1 _! numb]s1 _! high _s1 & _! anci5t place ( hon\r 9 ! ,/ate4 ,^! nobles ( ! purse obta9$ ! "n ( ,popolani ,nobili2 & x 0 !y :o n[ began to play at high /akes = ! supreme p[]4 ,9 all ! subsequ5t vicissitudes ( ,flor5ce e *ange takes place by intrigue & by clev] manipulation ( ! political ma*9e4 ,rec\rse is r>ely _h to viol5ce ( any k9d1 & ! lead]s ( revolutions are m5 ( ! y>d-measure1 nev] ( ! sword4 ,! despotism to :i* ! republic ev5tually succumb$ 0 no less comm]cial ?an ! democracy _h be54 ,flor5ce 9 ! days ( h] slav]y rema9$ a ,popolo4 ,,vi ,! op5+ ( ! second half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury _h be5 signalis$ by ! feuds ( two great h\ses1 bo? ris5 f ! p4 ,^! 7 ! ,albizzi & ! ,ricci4 ,at ?is epo* !re _h be5 a =mal clos+ ( ! li/s ( burgh]s2--h5ce=? no new families :o might settle 9 ! city c\ld claim ! fran*ise1 vote 9 ! assemblies1 or hold magi/racies4 ,! ,guelf ,college us$ _! old eng9e ( admonition to p]secute novi hom9es1 :om !y dread$ z oppon5ts4 ,at ! head ( ?is =midable organisation ! ,albizzi plac$ !mselves1 & work$ x ) su* skill t !y succe$$ 9 driv+ ! ,ricci out ( all p>ticipation 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,! tumult ( ! ,ciompi =m$ b an episode 9 _! c>e] t[>d olig>*y2 inde$1 t revolution only r5d]$ ! political mat]ial ( ! ,flor5t9e republic m pla/ic 9 ! h&s ( intrigu]s1 by remov+ ! la/ ve/iges ( class di/9ctions & by confus+ ! old p>ties ( ! ,/ate4 ,:5 ! ,flor5t9es 9 #achg engag$ 9 _! long duel ) ,gian ,galeazzo ,visconti1 ! difficulty ( conduct+ ?is w> )\t "s p]man5t c5tral au?ority /ill fur!r confirm$ ! p[] ( ! ris+ olig>*s4 ,! ,albizzi became daily m autocratic1 until 9 #acic _! *ief1 ,maso degli ,albizzi1 a man ( /rong w & prud5t policy1 0 *os5 ,gonfaloni] ( ,ju/ice4 ,assum+ ! sway ( a dictator he revis$ ! li/ ( burgh]s capable ( hold+ (fice1 /ruck out ! private oppon5ts ( 8 h\se1 & exclud$ all names b ^? ( p[]ful families :o 7 well affect$ t[>ds an ari/ocratic gov]nm5t4 ,! great h\se ( ! ,alb]ti 7 exil$ 9 a body1 decl>$ rebels1 & depriv$ ( _! possessions1 = no reason except t !y seem$ dang]\s to ! ,albizzi4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ! p murmur$ aga9/ ^! arbitr>y acts4 ,! new rul]s 7 omnipot5t 9 ! ,signory1 :i* !y pack$ ) _! own m51 9 ! great guilds1 & 9 ! ,guelf ,college4 ,all ! ma*9]y inv5t$ by ! indu/rial community = its self-managem5t & self-def5ce 0 controll$ & manipulat$ by a close body ( ari/ocrats1 ) ! ,albizzi at _! head4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ,flor5ce1 )\t any visible alt]ation 9 h] =ms ( gov]nm5t1 0 rapidly becom+ an olig>*y ev5 less op5 ?an ! ,v5etian republic4 ,mean:ile ! affairs ( ! ,/ate 7 mo/ fl\ri%+4 ,! /rong-h&$ ma/]s ( ! city n only held ! ,duke ( ,milan 9 *eck1 & prev5t$ him f turn+ ,italy into a k+dom2 !y fur!rmore acquir$ ! cities ( ,pisa1 ,livorno1 ,arezzo1 ,montepulciano1 & ,cortona1 = ,flor5ce1 mak+ h] ! mi/ress ( all ,tuscany1 ) ! exception ( ,si5a1 ,lucca1 & ,volt]ra4 ,maso degli ,albizzi 0 ! rul+ _s ( ! commonweal?1 sp5d+ ! enorm\s sum ( #aa1ejj1jjj gold5 flor9s on w>1 rais+ sumptu\s edifices1 protect+ ! arts1 & act+ 9 g5]al l a p[]ful & irresponsible pr9ce4 ,9 spite ( public prosp]ity !re 7 signs1 h[ev]1 t ?is rule ( a few families c\ld n la/4 ,_! gov]nm5t 0 only ma9ta9$ by cont9ual revision ( ! li/s ( burgh]s1 by elim9ation ( ! disaffect$1 & by unremitt+ p]sonal indu/ry4 ,!y introduc$ no new ma*9]y into ! ,con/itution :]eby ! p might be depriv$ ( its titul> sov]eignty1 or _! own dictator%ip might be cont9u$ ) a semblance ( legality4 ,aga91 !y neglect$ to w9 ov] ! new nobles 7nobili popolani7 9 a body to _! cause2 & ?us !y 7 surr\nd$ by rivals ready to spr+ ^u !m :5 a false /ep %\ld be made4 ,! ,albizzi olig>*y 0 a ma/]piece ( art1 )\t any =ce to su/a9 x b ! craft & en]gy ( its con/ructors4 ,x _h n gr[n up1 l ! ,v5etian olig>*y1 by ! gradual assimilation to itself ( all ! vig\r 9 ! ,/ate4 ,x 0 b\nd1 soon] or lat]1 to yield to ! r5asc5t impulse ( democracy inh]5t 9 ,flor5t9e in/itutions4 ,,vii ,maso degli ,albizzi di$ 9 #adag4 ,he 0 succe$$ 9 ! gov]nm5t by 8 old fri5d1 ,niccolo da ,uzzano1 a man ( great eloqu5ce & wisdom1 ^: s+le ^w sway$ ! c\ncils ( ! p z he li/$4 ,toge!r ) him act$ ,maso's son1 ,r9aldo1 a y\? ( ev5 m brilliant tal5ts ?an 8 fa!r1 frank1 noble1 & high-spirit$1 b f> less cauti\s4 ,! olig>*y1 :i* ^! two m5 und]took to manage1 _h accumulat$ aga9/ itself ! discont5t ( ov]tax$1 disfran*is$1 jeal\s burgh]s4 ,! times1 too1 7 bad4 ,pursu+ ! policy ( ,maso1 ! ,albizzi engag$ ! city 9 a t$i\s & unsuccessful w> ) ,filippo ,m>ia ,visconti1 :i* co/ #cej1jjj gold5 flor9s1 & br\ght no cr$it4 ,9 ord] to meet extraord9>y exp5ses !y rais$ new public loans1 !reby depreciat+ ! value ( ! old ,flor5t9e funds4 ,:at 0 worse1 !y impos$ =c$ subsidies ) griev\s inequality ^u ! burgh]s1 pass+ ov] _! fri5ds & adh]5ts1 & burd5+ _! oppon5ts ) m ?an c\ld be borne4 ,?is imprud5t f9ancial policy began ! ru9 ( ! ,albizzi4 ,x caus$ a clam\r 9 ! city = a new sy/em ( m j taxation1 :i* 0 too p[]ful to be resi/$4 ,! voice ( ! p made itself l\dly he>d2 & ) ! p on ?is occasion sid$ ,giovanni de' ,m$ici4 ,?is 0 9 #adbg4 ,x is "h t ! ,m$ici appe> ^u t memorable sc5e :]e 9 ! future !y are to play ! fir/ "p4 ,giovanni de' ,m$ici did n belong to ! same bran* ( 8 family z ! ,salve/ro :o fav\r$ ! p at ! "t ( ! ,ciompi ,tumult4 ,b he adopt$ ! same popul> policy4 ,to 8 sons ,cosimo & ,lor5zo he bequea!d on 8 dea?b$ ! rule t !y %\ld inv>iably adh]e to ! cause ( ! multitude1 f\nd _! influ5ce on t1 & avoid ! arts ( facti\s & ambiti\s lead]s4 ,9 8 own life he _h pursu$ ?is c\rse ( conduct1 acquir+ a reputation = civic mod]ation & imp>tiality t ende>$ him to ! p & /ood 8 *ildr5 9 good /ead4 ,e>ly 9 8 y\? ,giovanni f\nd himself almo/ de/itute by reason ( ! impo/s *>g$ ^u him by ! olig>*s4 ,he possess$1 h[ev]1 ! g5ius = money-mak+ to a r>e degree1 & pass$ 8 manhood z a bank]1 amass+ ! l>ge/ =tune ( any private citiz5 9 ,italy4 ,9 8 old age he devot$ himself to ! organisation ( 8 colossal trad+ bus9ess1 & ab/a9$1 z f> z possible1 f political intrigues4 ,m5 obs]v$ t !y r>ely met him 9 ! ,public ,palace or on ! ,great ,squ>e4 ,cosimo de' ,m$ici 0 ?irty ye>s old :5 8 fa!r ,giovanni di$1 9 #adbi4 ,dur+ 8 y\? he _h devot$ all 8 "t & en]gy to bus9ess1 ma/]+ ! complicat$ affairs ( ,giovanni's bank+-h\se1 & travell+ f> & wide ?r\gh ,europe to ext5d its connections4 ,?is education made him a consummate f9anci]2 & ^? :o knew him be/ 7 conv9c$ t 8 ambition 0 set on great ?+s4 ,h[ev] quietly he might beg91 x 0 cle> t he int5d$ to mat* himself1 z a lead] ( ! plebeians1 aga9/ ! ,albizzi4 ,! f\ndations he prep>$ = future action 7 equally *>act]i/ic ( ! man1 ( ,flor5ce1 & ( ! age4 ,comm&+ ! enorm\s capital ( ! ,m$icean bank he contriv$1 at any sacrifice ( tempor>y conv5i5ce1 to l5d money to ! ,/ate = w> exp5ses1 engross+ 9 8 own h&s a l>ge portion ( ! public debt ( ,flor5ce4 ,at ! same "t 8 ag5cies 9 v>i\s ,european capitals enabl$ him to keep 8 own weal? float+ f> beyond ! rea* ( foes )9 ! city4 ,a few ye>s ( ?is sy/em end$ 9 s complete a confusion betwe5 ,cosimo's trade & ! f9ances ( ,flor5ce t ! bankruptcy ( ! ,m$ici1 h[ev] caus$1 w\ld h compromis$ ! cr$it ( ! ,/ate & ! =tunes ( ! fund-hold]s4 ,cosimo1 9 a ^w1 made himself necess>y to ,flor5ce by ! wise use ( 8 ri*es4 ,fur!rmore1 he kept 8 eye ^u ! li/ ( burgh]s1 l5d+ money to ne$y citiz5s1 putt+ good ?+s 9 ! way ( /ruggl+ trad]s1 build+ up ! =tunes ( m5 :o 7 dispos$ to fav\r 8 p>ty 9 ! ,/ate1 ru9+ 8 oppon5ts by ! legitimate process ( comm]cial competition1 &1 :5 occasion (f]$1 introduc+ new vot]s into ! ,flor5t9e ,c\ncil by pay+ (f ! debts ( ^? :o 7 disqualifi$ by pov]ty f us+ ! fran*ise4 ,:ile 8 capital 0 cont9ually increas+ he liv$ frugally1 & employ$ 8 weal? solely = ! consolidation ( 8 political influ5ce4 ,by ^! arts ,cosimo became =midable to ! olig>*s & belov$ by ! p4 ,8 support]s 7 num]\s1 & held toge!r by ! bonds ( imm$iate necessity or p]sonal cupidity4 ,! plebeians & ! m]*ants 7 all on 8 side4 ,! ,gr&i & ! ,ammoniti1 exclud$ f ! ,/ate by ! practices ( ! ,albizzi1 _h m to hope f ! ,m$icean p>ty ?an f ! few families :o /ill contriv$ to hold ! re9s ( gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 cle> t a conflict to ! dea? mu/ soon comm5ce betwe5 ! olig>*y & ?is new faction4 ,,viii ,at la/1 9 #adcc1 w> 0 decl>$4 ,! fir/ bl[ 0 /ruck by ,r9aldo degli ,albizzi1 :o put himself 9 ! wrong by attack+ a citiz5 indisp5sable to ! p at l>ge1 & guilty ( no uncon/itutional act4 ,on ,septemb] #g? ( t ye>1 a ye> decisive = ! future de/9ies ( ,flor5ce1 he summon$ ,cosimo to ! ,public ,palace1 :i* he _h previ\sly occupi$ ) troops at 8 comm&4 ,!re he decl>$ him a rebel to ! ,/ate1 & _h him imprison$ 9 a little squ>e room 9 ! c5tral t[]4 ,! tocs9 0 s\nd$2 ! p 7 assembl$ 9 p>liam5t ^u ! piazza4 ,! ,albizzi held ! ma9 /reets ) arm$ m51 & =c$ ! ,flor5t9es to place pl5ipot5ti>y p[] = ! adm9i/ration ( ! commonweal? at ?is crisis 9 ! h&s ( a ,balia1 or committee select$ by !mselves4 ,x 0 always ?us t acts ( high tyranny 7 effect$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,a %[ ( legality 0 secur$ by ga9+ ! compulsory sanction ( ! p1 driv5 by soldi]y into ! public squ>e1 & ha/ily ord]$ to recognise ! au?ority ( _! oppressors4 ,! bill ( indictm5t aga9/ ! ,m$ici accus$ !m ( s$ition 9 ! ye> #acgh--t is1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,ciompi ,tumult--& ( treasonable practice dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( ! ,albizzi adm9i/ration4 ,x also /rove to fix ^u !m ! odium ( ! unsuccessful w> aga9/ ! t[n ( ,lucca4 ,z soon z ! ,albizzi _h unmask$ _! batt]ies1 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici manag$ to escape f ! city1 & took ) him 8 bro!r ,cosimo's *ildr5 to ,v5ice4 ,cosimo rema9$ %ut up )9 ! little room call$ ,b>b]ia 9 ,arnolfo's t[]4 ,f t high eagle's ne/ ! sight c range ,vald>no f> & wide4 ,flor5ce ) h] t[]s & domes lies bel[2 & ! blue peaks ( ,c>r>a close a prospect we/w>d ?an :i*1 ) its villa-jewell$ slopes & f]tile g>d5s1 !re is n\ght m beautiful ^u ! face ( e>?4 ,! prison] c h paid b little he$ to ?is fair l&scape4 ,he he>d ! frequ5t r++ ( ! great bell t call$ ! ,flor5t9es to c\ncil1 ! tramp ( arm$ m5 on ! piazza1 ! com+ & go+ ( ! burgh]s 9 ! palace halls b5ea?4 ,on all sides lurk$ anxiety & fe> ( dea?4 ,ea* m\?ful he ta/$ might be poison$4 ,= _m days he p>took ( only bread & wat]1 till 8 gaol] re/or$ 8 confid5ce by %>+ all 8 meals4 ,9 ?is p]il he abode tw5ty-f\r days4 ,! ,albizzi1 9 conc]t ) ! ,balia !y _h =m$1 7 consult+ :at !y might v5ture to d ) him4 ,"s vot$ = 8 execution4 ,o!rs fe>$ ! popul> fav\r1 & ?\ght t if !y kill$ ,cosimo ?is act w\ld ru9 _! own p[]4 ,! nobl] natures among !m det]m9$ to proce$ by con/itutional measures4 ,at la/1 ^u ,septemb] #bi?1 x 0 settl$ t ,cosimo %\ld be exil$ to ,padua = t5 ye>s4 ,! ,m$ici 7 decl>$ ,gr&i1 by way ( exclud+ !m f political rights4 ,b _! prop]ty rema9$ unt\*$2 & on ,octob] #crd1 ,cosimo 0 releas$4 ,on ! same day ,cosimo took 8 dep>ture4 ,8 j\rney nor?w>d resembl$ a triumphant progress4 ,he left ,flor5ce a simple burgh]2 he ent]$ ,v5ice a p[]ful pr9ce4 ,?\gh ! ,albizzi seem$ to h ga9$ ! day1 !y _h really cut away ! gr\nd b5ea? _! feet4 ,!y committ$ ! fatal mi/ake ( do+ bo? too mu* & too little--too mu* because !y decl>$ w> aga9/ an innoc5t man1 & r\s$ ! sympa?ies ( ! :ole p 9 8 behalf2 too little1 because !y _h n ! n]ve to complete _! act by kill+ him outright & extirpat+ 8 p>ty4 ,ma*iavelli1 9 "o ( 8 pr(\nde/ & mo/ cynical critiques1 rem>ks t few m5 "k h[ to be ?or\ghly bad ) hon\r to !mselves4 ,_! w is evil2 b ! gra9 ( good 9 !m--"s fe> ( public op9ion1 "s repugnance to committ+ a signal crime--p>alyses _! arm at ! mom5t :5 x ought to h be5 rais$ to /rike4 ,he in/ances ,gian ,paolo ,baglioni's omission to murd] ,julius ,,ii41 :5 t ,pope plac$ himself )9 8 clut*es at ,p]ugia4 ,he might also h in/anc$ ,r9aldo degli ,albizzi's refusal to pu% ?+s to extremities by murd]+ ,cosimo4 ,x 0 ! comb9ation ( despotic viol5ce 9 ! exile ( ,cosimo ) con/itutional mod]ation 9 ! pres]vation ( 8 life1 t betray$ ! weakness ( ! olig>*s & re/or$ confid5ce to ! ,m$icean p>ty4 ,,ix ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> #adcd ?is p>ty began to hold up its head4 ,p[]ful z ! ,albizzi 71 !y only reta9$ ! gov]nm5t by artifice2 & n[ !y _h done a de$ :i* put at n\ght _! =m] arts & intrigues4 ,a ,signory fav\rable to ! ,m$ici came into (fice1 & on ,septemb] #bf?1 #adcd1 ,r9aldo 9 8 turn 0 summon$ to ! palace & decl>$ a rebel4 ,he /rove to raise ! =ces ( 8 p>ty1 & ent]$ ! piazza at ! head ( eight hundr$ m54 ,! m5ac+ attitude ( ! p1 h[ev]1 made resi/ance p]il\s4 ,r9aldo disb&$ 8 troops1 & plac$ himself "u ! protection ( ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iv41 :o 0 !n resid5t 9 ,flor5ce4 ,?is act ( submission prov$ t ,r9aldo _h n ! c\rage or ! cruelty to try ! *ance ( civil w>4 ,:atev] 8 motives may h be51 he lo/ 8 hold ^u ! ,/ate beyond recov]y4 ,on ,septemb] #bi?1 a new p>liam5t 0 summon$2 on ,octob] #bnd1 ,cosimo 0 recall$ f exile & ! ,albizzi 7 bani%$4 ,! int]cession ( ! ,pope procur$ = !m no?+ b ! lib]ty to leave ,flor5ce unmole/$4 ,e9aldo turn$ 8 back ^u ! city he _h gov]n$1 nev] to set foot 9 x aga94 ,on ,octob] #f?1 ,cosimo1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ,padua1 ,f]r>a1 & ,mod5a l a conqu]or1 re5t]$ ! t[n amid ! plaudits ( ! p1 & took up 8 dwell+ z an hon\r$ gue/ 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,republic4 ,! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ,flor5ce is ! hi/ory ( 8 family4 ,9 aft] ye>s ! ,m$ici lov$ to rememb] ?is return ( ,cosimo4 ,8 triumphal reception 0 pa9t$ 9 fresco on ! walls ( _! villa at ,cajano "u ! transp>5t allegory ( ,cic]o's entrance into ,rome4 ,x ,by _! brief exile ! ,m$ici _h ga9$ ! cr$it ( injur$ innoc5ce1 ! fame ( m>tyrdom 9 ! popul> cause4 ,_! foes _h /ruck ! fir/ bl[1 & 9 /rik+ at !m _h seem$ to aim aga9/ ! lib]ties ( ! republic4 ,! m]e failure ( _! adv]s>ies to hold ! p[] !y _h acquir$1 h&$ ov] ?is p[] to ! ,m$ici2 & ! reprisals :i* ! ,m$ici began to take _h ! %[ ( ju/ice1 n ( p]sonal hatr$1 or petty v5geance4 ,cosimo 0 a true ,flor5t9e4 ,he dislik$ viol5ce1 because he knew t blood spilt cries = blood4 ,8 passions1 too1 7 cool & temp]ate4 ,no gu/ ( ang]1 no intoxication ( success1 de/roy$ 8 balance4 ,8 "o object1 ! consolidation ( p[] = 8 family on ! basis ( popul> fav\r1 0 kept /eadily 9 view2 & he w\ld d no?+ t might compromise t end4 ,yet he 0 nei!r g5]\s nor m]ciful4 ,we !re=e f9d t f ! fir/ mom5t ( 8 return to ,flor5ce he in/itut$ a sy/em ( pitiless & un=giv+ p]secution aga9/ 8 old oppon5ts4 ,! ,albizzi 7 bani%$1 root & bran*1 ) all _! foll[]s1 consign$ to lonely & (t5 to un:olesome /ations ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ,italy4 ,if !y broke ! bonds assign$ !m1 !y 7 =?) decl>$ traitors & _! prop]ty 0 confiscat$4 ,aft] a long s]ies ( ye>s1 by m]ely keep+ 9 =ce ! fir/ s5t5ce pron\nc$ ^u !m1 ,cosimo _h ! cruel satisfaction ( see+ ! :ole ( t pr\d olig>*y die out by sl[ degrees 9 ! insuff]able t$ium ( solitude & exile4 ,ev5 ! high-s\l$ ,palla degli ,/rozzi1 :o _h /riv5 to rema9 neutral1 & ^: weal? & tal5ts 7 devot$ to ! revival ( classical /udies1 0 proscrib$ because to ,cosimo he seem$ too p[]ful4 ,sep>at$ f 8 *ildr51 he di$ 9 bani%m5t at ,padua4 ,9 ?is way ! return ( ! ,m$ici involv$ ! loss to ,flor5ce ( "s noble citiz5s1 :o might p]*ance h *eck$ ! ,m$icean tyranny if !y _h /ay$ to guide ! ,/ate4 ,! plebeians1 rais$ to weal? & influ5ce by ,cosimo be=e 8 exile1 n[ took ! lead 9 ! republic4 ,he us$ ^! m5 z catspaws1 r>ely putt+ himself =w>d or all[+ 8 own "n to appe>1 b pull+ ! wires ( gov]nm5t 9 privacy by means ( int]m$iate ag5ts4 ,! ,m$icean p>ty 0 call$ at fir/ ,pucc9i f a c]ta9 ,puccio1 ^: "n 0 bett] kn[n 9 caucus or committee ?an t ( 8 real ma/]4 ,to rule ?r\gh ^! creatures ( 8 own mak+ tax$ all ! +5uity ( ,cosimo2 b 8 pr(\nd & subtle intellect 0 suit$ to ! task1 & he f\nd unlimit$ pleasure 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 consummate craft4 ,we h already se5 to :at ext5t he us$ 8 ri*es = ! acquisition ( political influ5ce4 ,n[ t he _h come to p[]1 he cont9u$ ! same me?od1 pack+ ! ,signory & ! ,c\ncils ) m5 :om he c\ld hold by debt betwe5 8 ?umb & f+]4 ,8 comm& ( ! public moneys enabl$ him to w9k at peculation 9 ,/ate (fices2 x 0 "p ( 8 sy/em to b9d magi/rates & secret>ies to 8 int]e/ by _! consci\sness ( guilt condon$ b n =gott54 ,n a few1 moreov]1 ow$ _! liv+ to ! appo9tm5ts he procur$ = !m4 ,:ile he ?us controll$ ! :eel-"w ( ! commonweal? by means ( organis$ corruption1 he borr[$ ! arts ( 8 old enemies to oppress diss5ti5t citiz5s4 ,if a man took an indep5d5t l9e 9 vot+1 & refus$ allegiance to ! ,m$icean p>ty1 he 0 m>k$ out = p]secution4 ,no viol5ce 0 us$2 b he f\nd himself hamp]$ 9 8 comm]ce--money1 pl5tiful = o!rs1 became sc>ce = him2 8 competitors 9 trade 7 subsidis$ to und]sell him4 ,& :ile ! av5ues ( indu/ry 7 clos$1 8 =tune 0 tax$ above its value1 until he _h to sell at a loss 9 ord] to dis*>ge 8 public obligations4 ,9 ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! ,m$icean rule1 sev5ty families _h to pay #d1hge1jjj gold5 flor9s ( extraord9>y impo/s1 fix$ by arbitr>y assessm5t4 ,! m patriotic memb]s ( 8 p>ty look$ ) dread & loa?+ on ?is sy/em ( corruption & exclusion4 ,to _! remon/rances ,cosimo repli$ 9 f\r memorable say+s3 ',bett] ! ,/ate spoil$ ?an ! ,/ate n ours4' ',gov]nm5ts _c be c>ri$ on ) pat]no/]s4' ',an ell ( sc>let makes a burgh]4' ',i aim at f9ite ends4' ,^! maxims repres5t ! :ole man1--fir/1 9 8 egotism1 eag] to ga9 ,flor5ce = 8 family1 at any risk ( h] ru92 secondly1 9 8 cynical acceptance ( base means to selfi% ends2 ?irdly1 9 8 b\rgeois belief t money makes a man1 & f9e clo!s suffice = a citiz52 f\r?ly1 9 8 worldly ambition b5t on positive success4 ,x 01 9 fact1 8 policy to r$uce ,flor5ce to ! condition ( a rott5 bor\gh3 nor did ?is policy fail4 ,"o notable sign ( ! influ5ce he ex]cis$ 0 ! *ange :i* n[ came ov] ! =eign relations ( ! republic4 ,up to ! date ( 8 dictator%ip ,flor5ce _h uni=mly f\ght ! battle ( fre$om 9 ,italy4 ,x 0 ! *ief m]it ( ! ,albizzi olig>*y t !y cont9u$ ! traditions ( ! m$ival ,/ate1 & by _! vigor\s action *eck$ ! gr[? ( ! ,visconti4 ,?\gh !y engross$ ! gov]nm5t !y nev] =got t !y 7 fir/ ( all ?+s ,flor5t9es1 & only 9 ! second place m5 :o ow$ _! p[] & influ5ce to (fice4 ,9 a ^w1 !y act$ l patriotic ,tories1 l republican patricians4 ,!re=e !y w\ld n ally !mselves ) tyrants or c\nt5ance ! enslavem5t ( free cities by arm$ despots4 ,_! subjugation ( ! ,tuscan burghs to ,flor5ce 0 itself "p ( a gr& republican policy4 ,cosimo *ang$ all ?is4 ,:5 ! ,visconti dyna/y end$ by ! dea? ( ,filippo ,m>ia 9 #addg1 !re 0 a *ance ( re/or+ ! indep5d5ce ( ,lomb>dy4 ,milan 9 effect decl>$ h]self a republic1 & by ! aid ( ,flor5ce %e might at ?is mom5t h ma9ta9$ h] lib]ty4 ,cosimo1 h[ev]1 ent]$ into treaty ) ,francesco ,s=za1 suppli$ him ) money1 gu>ante$ him aga9/ ,flor5t9e int]f]5ce1 & saw ) satisfaction h[ he r$uc$ ! du*y to 8 milit>y tyranny4 ,! ,m$ici 7 consci\s t !y1 selfi%ly1 _h mo/ to ga9 by support+ despots :o 9 "t ( ne$ might help !m to confirm _! own au?ority4 ,) ! same end 9 view1 :5 ! legitimate l9e ( ! ,b5tivogli 0 ext+ui%$1 ,cosimo hunt$ out a ba/>d pret5d] ( t family1 pres5t$ him to ! *iefs ( ! ,b5tivogli faction1 & _h him plac$ ^u ! seat ( 8 suppos$ ance/ors at ,bologna4 ,?is "y man1 a c]ta9 ,santi da ,cascese1 presum$ to be ! son ( ,ercole de' ,b5tivogli1 0 an artisan 9 a wool factory :5 ,cosimo set eyes ^u him4 ,at fir/ ,santi refus$ ! dang]\s hon\r ( gov]n+ a pr\d republic2 b ! intrigues ( ,cosimo prevail$1 & ! obscure craftsman end$ 8 days a p[]ful pr9ce4 ,by ! arts ,i h attempt$ to describe1 ,cosimo 9 ! c\rse ( 8 long life absorb$ ! =ces ( ! republic into himself4 ,:ile he %unn$ ! ext]nal signs ( despotic p[] he made himself ! ma/] ( ! ,/ate4 ,8 complexion 0 ( a pale olive2 8 /ature %ort2 ab/emi\s & simple 9 8 habits1 affable 9 conv]sation1 sp>+ ( spee*1 he knew h[ to comb9e t burgh]-l civility = :i* ! ,romans prais$ ,augu/us1 ) ! reality ( a despotism all ! m difficult to combat because x seem$ n[h]e & 0 ev]y:]e4 ,:5 he di$1 at ! age ( sev5ty-five1 9 #adfd1 ! p :om he _h enslav$1 b :om he _h nei!r injur$ nor insult$1 hon\r$ him ) ! title ( ,pat] ,patri4 ,?is 0 inscrib$ ^u 8 tomb 9 ,s4 ,lor5zo4 ,he left to po/]ity ! fame ( a great & g5]\s patron1#ad ! infamy ( a cynical1 self-seek+1 b\rgeois tyrant4 ,su* comb9ations ( contradictory qualities 7 common en\gh at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,did n ,ma*iavelli sp5d 8 days 9 tav]n-brawls & l[ am\rs1 8 nights among ! mighty spirits ( ! dead1 ) :om1 :5 he _h *ang$ 8 c\ntry suit ( homespun = ! habit ( ! ,c\rt1 he f\nd himself an hon\r$ equal8 ,,xi ,cosimo _h %[n consummate skill by gov]n+ ,flor5ce ?r\gh a p>ty creat$ & rais$ to influ5ce by himself4 ,! jeal\sy ( ^! adh]5ts =m$ ! *ief difficulty ) :i* 8 son ,pi]o _h to cont5d4 ,unless ! ,m$ici c\ld manage to kick d[n ! ladd] :]eby !y _h ris51 !y ran ! risk ( los+ all4 ,z on a =m] occasion1 s n[ !y pr(it$ by ! mi/akes ( _! antagoni/s4 ,?ree *ief m5 ( _! own p>ty1 ,diotisalvi ,n]oni1 ,agnolo ,acciaiuoli1 & ,luca ,pitti1 det]m9$ to %ake (f ! yoke ( _! ma/]s1 & to repay ! ,m$ici = :at !y ow$ by lead+ !m to ru94 ,niccolo ,sod]9i1 a patriot1 indignant at ! sl[ enslavem5t ( 8 c\ntry1 jo9$ !m4 ,at fir/ !y /rove to und]m9e ! cr$it ( ! ,m$ici ) ! ,flor5t9es by induc+ ,pi]o to call 9 ! moneys plac$ at int]e/ by 8 fa!r 9 ! h&s ( private citiz5s4 ,?is act 0 unpopul>2 b x did n suffice to move a revolution4 ,to proce$ by con/itutional measures aga9/ ! ,m$ici 0 judg$ impolitic4 ,!re=e ! conspirators decid$ to take1 if possible1 ,pi]o's life4 ,! plot fail$1 *iefly ow+ to ! coolness & ! cunn+ ( ! "y ,lor5zo1 ,pi]o's elde/ son4 ,public sympa?y 0 /rongly excit$ aga9/ ! aggressors4 ,n]oni1 ,acciaiuoli1 & ,sod]9i 7 exil$4 ,pitti 0 all[$ to /ay1 di%on\r$1 p[]less1 & p5niless1 9 ,flor5ce4 ,mean:ile1 ! failure ( _! foes _h only s]v$ to /r5g!n ! position ( ! ,m$ici4 ,! ladd] _h sav$ !m ! tr\ble ( kick+ x d[n4 ,! congratulations address$ on ?is occasion to ,pi]o & ,lor5zo by ! rul+ p[]s ( ,italy %[ t ! ,m$ici 7 already reg>d$ z pr9ces outside ,flor5ce4 ,lor5zo & ,giuliano1 ! two sons ( ,pi]o1 travell$ abroad to ! ,c\rts ( ,milan & ,f]r>a ) ! /yle & /ate ( m ?an simple citiz5s4 ,at home !y occupi$ ! fir/ place on all occasions ( public c]emony1 receiv+ royal visitors on t]ms ( equality1 & p]=m+ ! hospitalities ( ! republic l m5 :o _h be5 born to repres5t its dignities4 ,lor5zo's m>riage to ,cl>ice ,ors9i1 ( ! noble ,roman h\se1 0 ano!r sign t ! ,m$ici 7 advanc+ on ! way t[>d despotism4 ,cosimo _h avoid$ =eign alliances = 8 *ildr54 ,8 desc5dants n[ judg$ !mselves firmly plant$ en\gh to risk ! odium ( a pr9cely mat* = ! sake ( ! support outside ! city !y might w94 ,,xii ,pi]o de' ,m$ici di$ 9 ,decemb] #adfi4 ,8 son ,lor5zo 0 !n b>ely tw5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,! *iefs ( ! ,m$icean p>ty1 all-p[]ful 9 ! ,/ate1 held a c\ncil1 9 :i* !y resolv$ to place him 9 ! same position z 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r4 ,?is resolve seems to h be5 =m$ aft] mature delib]ation1 on ! gr\nd t ! exi/+ conditions ( ,italian politics r5d]$ x impossible to conduct ! gov]nm5t )\t a presid5tial head4 ,flor5ce1 ?\gh /ill a democracy1 requir$ a p]man5t *ief to treat on an equality ) ! pr9ces ( ! lead+ cities4 ,"h we may note ! prud5ce ( ,cosimo's =eign policy4 ,:5 he help$ to e/abli% despots 9 ,milan & ,bologna he 0 r5d]+ ! presid5cy ( 8 own family 9 ,flor5ce necess>y4 ,lor5zo1 hav+ receiv$ ?is invitation1 call$ att5tion to 8 y\? & inexp]i5ce4 ,yet he did n refuse x2 &1 aft] a graceful display ( diffid5ce1 he accept$ ! *>ge1 ent]+ ?us ^u t fam\s political c>e]1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he n only e/abli%$ & ma9ta9$ a balance ( p[] 9 ,italy1 ) ,flor5ce = ! c5tral city1 b also contriv$ to remodel ! gov]nm5t ( ! republic 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 own family & to /r5g!n ! ,m$ici by relations ) ! ,papal ,see4 ,! extraord9>y v]satility ( ?is man's intellectual & social gifts1 8 p>ticipation 9 all ! lit]>y & philosophical int]e/s ( 8 c5tury1 8 l>ge & lib]al patronage ( art1 & ! gaiety ) :i* he jo9$ ! p ( ,flor5ce 9 _! pa/imes--,mayday games & ,c>nival fe/ivities--/r5g!n$ 8 hold ^u ! city 9 an age devot$ to culture & ref9$ pleasure4 ,:atev] 0 mo/ brilliant 9 ! _s ( ! ,italian ,b5aissance seem$ to be inc>nate 9 ,lor5zo4 ,n m]ely z a patron & a dilettante1 b z a poet & a critic1 a philosoph] & s*ol>1 he prov$ himself adequate to ! v>i$ intellectual ambitions ( 8 c\ntry4 ,p5etrat$ ) ! passion = erudition :i* di/+ui%$ ,flor5ce 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 famili> ) h] pa9t]s & h] sculptors1 deeply read 9 ! works ( h] great poets1 he conceiv$ ! ideal ( infus+ ! _s ( antique civility into mod]n life1 & ( effect+ = society :at ! arti/s 7 p]=m+ 9 _! own sph]e4 ,to pres]ve ! native "* ( ! ,flor5t9e g5ius1 :ile he add$ ! grace ( classic =m1 0 ! aim to :i* 8 ta/es & in/9cts l$ him4 ,at ! same "t1 :ile he made himself ! ma/] ( ,flor5t9e revels & ! ,augu/us ( ,r5aissance lit]ature1 he took c>e t b5ea? 8 c>nival masks & ball-dress %\ld be conceal$ ! *a9s :i* he 0 =g+ = ! republic4 ,:at he lack$1 ) s mu* m5tal brilliancy1 0 moral greatness4 ,! age he liv$ 9 0 an age ( selfi% despots1 trea*]\s g5]als1 godless prie/s4 ,x 0 an age ( intellectual vig\r & arti/ic creativ5ess2 b x 0 also an age ( mean ambition1 sordid policy1 & vitiat$ pr9ciples4 ,lor5zo rema9$ true 9 all respects to ! g5ius ( ?is age3 true to its en?usiasm = antique culture1 true to its passion = art1 true to its ref9$ love ( pleasure2 b true also to its petty political intrigues1 to its cynical selfi%ness1 to its lack ( h]oism4 ,= ,flor5ce he look$ no high] & saw no fur!r ?an ,cosimo _h done4 ,if culture 0 8 pa/ime1 ! enslavem5t ( ! city by brib]y & corruption 0 ! h>d "w ( 8 manhood4 ,z is ! case ) mu* ,r5aissance art1 8 life 0 wor? m = its decorative detail ?an = its con/ructive design4 ,9 ri*ness1 v]satility1 v>iety1 & exquisit5ess ( execution1 x left little to be desir$2 yet1 view$ at a di/ance1 & z a :ole1 x does n inspire u ) a s5se ( ar*itectonic maje/y4 ,,xiii ,lor5zo's *ief difficulties arose f ! necessity "u :i*1 l ,cosimo1 he lab\r$ ( gov]n+ ! city ?r\gh its old in/itutions by means ( a p>ty4 ,to keep ! memb]s ( ?is p>ty 9 good temp]1 & to ga9 _! approval = ! alt]ations he effect$ 9 ! ,/ate ma*9]y ( ,flor5ce1 0 ! problem ( 8 life4 ,! successful solution ( ?is problem 0 easi] n[1 aft] two g5]ations ( ! ,m$icean asc5d5cy1 ?an x _h be5 at fir/4 ,mean:ile ! p 7 ma9ta9$ 9 good hum\r by public %[s1 ease1 pl5ty1 & a g5]al laxity ( discipl9e4 ,! spl5d\r ( ,lor5zo's =eign alliances & ! consid]ation he receiv$ f all ! ,c\rts ( ,italy contribut$ 9 no small measure to 8 popul>ity & security at home4 ,by us+ 8 au?ority ov] ,flor5ce to inspire respect abroad1 & by us+ 8 =eign cr$it to impose ^u ! burgh]s1 ,lor5zo display$ ! tact ( a true ,italian diplomati/4 ,8 g5ius = /atecraft1 z !n und]/ood1 0 inde$ ( a r>e ord]1 equally adapt$ to ! conduct ( a complicat$ =eign policy & to ! control ( a suspici\s & v>iable ,commonweal?4 ,9 "o po9t alone he 0 inf]ior to 8 gr&fa!r4 ,he neglect$ comm]ce1 & all[$ 8 bank+ bus9ess to fall into disord] s hopeless t 9 c\rse ( "t he ceas$ to be solv5t4 ,mean:ile 8 p]sonal exp5ses1 bo? z a pr9ce 9 8 own palace1 & z ! repres5tative ( maje/y 9 ,flor5ce1 cont9ually increas$4 ,! bankruptcy ( ! ,m$ici1 x _h long be5 =ese51 w\ld involve ! public f9ances 9 s]i\s confusion4 ,& n[1 9 ord] to retrieve 8 =tunes1 ,lor5zo 0 n only oblig$ to repudiate 8 debts to ! ex*equ]1 b _h also to ga9 complete disposal ( ! ,/ate purse4 ,x 0 ?is necessity t drove him to effect ! con/itutional revolution ( #adhj1 by :i* he sub/itut$ a ,privy ,c\ncil ( sev5ty memb]s = ! old ,c\ncils ( ! ,/ate1 absorb+ ! *ief functions ( ! commonweal? into ?is s+le body1 :om he practically nom9at$ at pleasure4 ,! same want ( money l$ to ! great sc&al ( 8 reign--! plund]+ ( ! ,monte delle ,doti1 or ,/ate ,insurance ,(fice ,fund = secur+ d[]s to ! *ildr5 ( its cr$itors4 ,,xiv ,:ile trac+ ! sali5t po9ts ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici's adm9i/ration ,i h omitt$ to m5tion ! important ev5ts :i* foll[$ %ortly aft] 8 accession to p[] 9 #adfi4 ,:at happ5$ betwe5 t date & #adhj 0 n only decisive = ! future =tunes ( ! ,casa ,m$ici1 b x 0 also em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ! p]ils & ! difficulties :i* beset ,italian despots4 ,! ye> #adga 0 signalis$ by a visit by ! ,duke ,galeazzo ,m>ia ,s=za ( ,milan1 & 8 wife ,bona ( ,savoy1 to ! ,m$ici 9 ,flor5ce4 ,!y came att5d$ by _! :ole ,c\rt--body gu>ds on horse & foot1 u%]s1 pages1 falcon]s1 grooms1 k5nel-v>lets1 & huntsm54 ,omitt+ ! m]e baggage s]vice1 _! tra9 c\nt$ two ?\s& horses4 ,to m5tion ?is incid5t w\ld be sup]flu\s1 _h n s acute an obs]v] z ,ma*iavelli m>k$ x out z a turn+-po9t 9 ,flor5t9e hi/ory4 ,n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! democratic commonweal? saw its /reets fill$ ) a mob ( c\rti]s4 ,masques1 balls1 & t\rnam5ts succe$$ ea* o!r ) magnific5t v>iety2 & all ! arts ( ,flor5ce 7 press$ into ! s]vice ( ^! fe/ivals4 ,ma*iavelli says t ! burgh]s lo/ ! la/ remnant ( _! old au/]ity ( mann]s1 & became1 l ! deg5]ate ,romans1 ready to obey ! ma/]s :o provid$ !m ) brilliant spectacles4 ,!y gaz$ ) admiration on ! pomp ( ,italian pr9ces1 _! dissolute & godless liv+1 _! luxury & prodigal exp5diture2 & :5 ! ,m$ici affect$ simil> habits 9 ! next g5]ation1 ! p _h no c\rage to resi/ ! invasion ( _! pleasant vices4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #adga1 ,volt]ra 0 reconqu]$ = ! ,flor5t9es by ,fr$]ick ( ,urb9o4 ,! hon\rs ( ?is victory1 disgrac$ by a brutal sack ( ! conqu]$ city1 9 violation ( its articles ( capitulation1 7 res]v$ = ,lor5zo1 :o return$ 9 triumph to ,flor5ce4 ,m ?an ev] he assum$ ! pr9ce1 & 9 8 p]son und]took to repres5t ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #adga1 ,francesco della ,rov]e 0 rais$ to ! ,papacy ) ! memorable "n ( ,sixtus ,,iv4 ,sixtus 0 a man ( viol5t temp] & fi]ce passions1 re/less & impati5tly ambiti\s1 b5t on ! aggr&isem5t ( ! beautiful & wanton y\?s1 8 nephews4 ,( ^! ! mo/ aspir+ 0 ,girolamo ,ri>io1 = :om ,sixtus b\ght ! t[n ( ,imola f ,taddeo ,manfr$i1 9 ord] t he might possess ! title ( c\nt & ! nucleus ( a tyranny 9 ! ,romagna4 ,?is pur*ase ?w>t$ ! plans ( ,lor5zo1 :o wi%$ to secure ! same advantages = ,flor5ce4 ,sm>t+ ) ! s5se ( disappo9tm5t1 he =bade ! ,roman bank]1 ,francesco ,pazzi1 to gu>antee ! pur*ase-money4 ,by ?is act ,lor5zo made two mortal foes--! ,pope & ,francesco ,pazzi4 ,francesco 0 a ?91 pale1 atrabili\s fanatic1 all n]ve & passion1 ) a monomaniac int5sity ( purpose1 & a w inflam$ & guid$ by imag9ation--a man =m$ by nature = conspiracy1 su* a man1 9 fact1 z ,%aksp]e drew 9 ,cassius4 ,madd5$ by ,lor5zo's prohibition1 he conceiv$ ! notion ( ov]?r[+ ! ,m$ici 9 ,flor5ce by a viol5t bl[4 ,girolamo ,ri>io ent]$ into 8 views4 ,s did ,francesco ,salviati1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,pisa1 :o _h private reasons = ho/ility4 ,^! m5 f\nd no difficulty 9 w9n+ ov] ,sixtus to _! plot2 nor is x possible to purge ! ,pope ( p>ticipation 9 :at foll[$4 ,i ne$ n describe by :at means ,francesco drew ! o!r memb]s ( 8 family into ! s*eme1 & h[ he secur$ ! assi/ance ( arm$ cut-?roats4 ,suffice x to say t ! *ief conspirators1 ) ! exception ( ! ,c\nt ,girolamo1 betook !mselves to ,flor5ce1 & !re1 aft] ! failure ( o!r attempts1 decid$ to murd] ,lor5zo & 8 bro!r ,giuliano 9 ! ca!dral on ,sunday1 ,april #bf?1 #adgh4 ,! mom5t :5 ! prie/ at ! high alt> f9i%$ ! mass1 0 fix$ = ! assass9ation4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ready4 ,! conspirators1 by ,judas kisses & embracem5ts1 _h discov]$ t ! "y m5 wore no protective arm\r "u _! silk5 d\blets4 ,pac+ ! aisle beh9d ! *oir1 !y fe>$ no treason4 ,& n[ ! lives ( bo? might easily h be5 secur$1 if at ! la/ mom5t ! c\rage ( ! hir$ assass9s _h n fail$ !m4 ,murd]1 !y said1 0 well en\gh2 b !y c\ld n br+ !mselves to /ab m5 be=e ! newly consecrat$ body ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ?is extremity a prie/ 0 f\nd :o1 'be+ accu/om$ to *ur*es1' _h no scruples4 ,he & ano!r reprobate 7 told (f to ,lor5zo4 ,francesco de' ,pazzi himself und]took ,giuliano4 ,! mom5t = attack arriv$4 ,francesco plung$ 8 dagg] into ! he>t ( ,giuliano4 ,!n1 n satisfi$ ) ?is dea?-bl[1 he /ruck aga91 & 9 8 heat ( passion w\nd$ 8 own ?igh4 ,lor5zo escap$ ) a fle%-w\nd f ! poni>d ( ! prie/1 & ru%$ into ! sacri/y1 :]e 8 fri5d ,poliziano %ut & held ! braz5 door4 ,! plot _h fail$2 = ,giuliano1 ( ! two bro!rs1 0 ! "o :om ! conspirators w\ld ! m will+ly h sp>$4 ,! :ole *ur* 0 9 an upro>4 ,! city rose 9 tumult4 ,rage & horror took possession ( ! p4 ,!y flew to ! ,palazzo ,pubblico & to ! h\ses ( ! ,pazzi1 hunt$ ! conspirators f place to place1 hung ! ar*bi%op by ! neck f ! palace w9d[s1 &1 z !y f\nd fre% victims = _! fury1 /rung !m "o by "o 9 a gha/ly r[ at 8 side above ! ,squ>e4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ 9 all 7 kill$4 ,none :o _h jo9$ 9 ! plot escap$2 = ,lor5zo _h long arms1 & "o man1 :o fl$ to ,con/ant9ople1 0 deliv]$ ov] to 8 ag5ts by ! ,sultan4 ,out ( ! :ole ,pazzi family only ,guglielmo1 ! husb& ( ,bianca de' ,m$ici1 0 sp>$4 ,:5 ! tumult 0 ov]1 ,&rea del ,ca/agno pa9t$ ! portraits ( ! traitors head-d[nw>ds ^u ! walls ( ! ,b>gello ,palace1 9 ord] t all m5 might "k :at fate await$ ! foes ( ! ,m$ici & ( ! ,/ate ( ,flor5ce4#ae ,mean:ile a ba/>d son ( ,giuliano's 0 receiv$ into ! ,m$icean h\sehold1 to p]petuate 8 l9eage4 ,?is *ild1 nam$ ,giulio1 0 de/9$ to be fam\s 9 ! annals ( ,italy & ,flor5ce "u ! title ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,,xv ,z is usual :5 su* plots miss _! m>k1 ! passions excit$ r$\nd$ to ! pr(it ( ! injur$ p>ty4 ,! commonweal? felt t ! bl[ /ruck at ,lor5zo _h be5 aim$ at _! maje/y4 ,sixtus1 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld n conta9 8 rage at ! failure ( s ably plann$ a c\p de ma94 ,ignor+ t he _h sanction$ ! treason1 t a prie/ _h put 8 h& to ! dagg]1 t ! impi\s de$ _h be5 attempt$ 9 a *ur* be=e ! v ,sacram5t ( ,*ri/1 ^: vic> on e>? he 01 ! ,pope n[ excommunicat$ ! republic4 ,! reason he alleg$ 01 t ! ,flor5t9es _h d>$ to hang an ar*bi%op4 ,?us began a w> to ! dea? betwe5 ,sixtus & ,flor5ce4 ,! ,pope inflam$ ! :ole ( ,italy1 & c>ri$ on a ru9\s campaign 9 ,tuscany4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ! republic might lose h] subject cities1 always ready to revolt :5 dang] ?reat5$ ! sov]eign ,/ate4 ,lor5zo's position became critical4 ,sixtus made no secret ( ! hatr$ he bore him p]sonally1 decl>+ t he f\ght less ) ,flor5ce ?an ) ! ,m$ici4 ,to support ! odium ( ?is long w> & ?is heavy int]dict alone1 0 m ?an he c\ld d4 ,8 allies =sook him4 ,naples 0 enli/$ on ! ,pope's side4 ,milan & ! o!r ,/ates ( ,lomb>dy 7 occupi$ ) _! own affairs1 & held alo(4 ,9 ?is extremity he saw t no?+ b a bold /ep c\ld save him4 ,! league =m$ by ,sixtus mu/ be brok5 up at any risk1 &1 if possible1 by 8 own ability4 ,on ,decemb] #f?1 #adgi1 ,lor5zo left ,flor5ce1 un>m$ & unatt5d$1 took %ip at ,leghorn1 & proce$$ to ! c\rt ( ! enemy1 ,k+ ,f]d9&1 at ,naples4 ,f]d9& 0 a cruel & trea*]\s sov]eign1 :o _h murd]$ 8 gue/1 ,jacopo ,picc99o1 at a banquet giv5 9 8 hon\r4 ,b ,f]d9& 0 ! son ( ,alfonso1 :o1 by address & eloqu5ce1 _h ga9$ a k+dom f 8 foe & jailor1 ,filippo ,m>ia ,visconti4 ,lor5zo calculat$ t he too1 foll[+ ,alfonso's policy1 might prove to ,f]d9& h[ little !re 0 to ga9 f an alliance ) ,rome1 h[ mu* ,naples & ,flor5ce1 firmly unit$ toge!r = (f5ce & def5ce1 might effect 9 ,italy4 ,only a /ud5t ( ^? p]il\s times c appreciate ! c\rage & ! g5ius1 ! audacity comb9$ ) diplomatic p5etration1 display$ by ,lor5zo at ?is crisis4 ,he calmly walk$ into ! lion's d51 tru/+ he c\ld tame ! lion & tea* x1 & all 9 a few days4 ,nor did 8 expectation fail4 ,?\gh ,lor5zo 0 r ugly ?an h&some1 ) a d>k sk91 heavy br[s1 p[]ful jaws1 & nose %>p 9 ! bridge & broad at ! no/rils1 )\t grace ( c>riage or melody ( voice1 he possess$ :at makes up = p]sonal defects--! w9n+ *>m ( eloqu5ce 9 conv]sation1 a subtle wit1 pr(\nd k ( m51 & tact alli$ to sympa?y1 :i* plac$ him always at ! c5tre ( ! situation4 ,f]d9& receiv$ him k9dly4 ,! ,neapolitan nobles admir$ 8 c\rage & 7 fasc9at$ by 8 social tal5ts4 ,on ,m>* #a/1 #adhj1 he left ,naples aga91 hav+ won ov] ! ,k+ by 8 argum5ts4 ,:5 he rea*$ ,flor5ce he 0 able to decl>e t he br\ght home a treaty ( peace & alliance sign$ by ! mo/ p[]ful foe ( ! republic4 ,! success ( ?is bold ent]prise ende>$ ,lor5zo m ?an ev] to 8 c\ntrym54 ,9 ! same ye> !y conclud$ a treaty ) ,sixtus1 :o 0 =c$ aga9/ 8 w to lay d[n arms by ! capture ( ,otranto & ! extreme p]il ( ,turki% invasion4 ,aft] ! ye> #adhj ,lor5zo rema9$ sole ma/] 9 ,flor5ce1 ! arbit] & peacemak] ( ! re/ ( ,italy4 ,,xvi ,! conjuration ( ! ,pazzi 0 only "o 9 a long s]ies ( simil> conspiracies4 ,italian despots ga9$ _! p[] by viol5ce & wield$ x ) craft4 ,viol5ce & craft 7 !re=e us$ aga9/ !m4 ,:5 ! /udy ( ! classics _h p5etrat$ ! nation ) antique ideas ( h]oism1 tyrannicide became a virtue4 ,pr9ces 7 murd]$ ) frightful frequ5cy4 ,?us ,gian ,m>ia ,visconti 0 put to dea? at ,milan 9 #adab2 ,galeazzo ,m>ia ,s=za 9 #adhd2 ! ,*i>elli ( ,fabriano 7 massacr$ 9 #adce2 ! ,baglioni ( ,p]ugia 9 #aejj2 ,girolamo ,g5tile plann$ ! assass9ation ( ,galeazzo ,s=za at ,g5oa 9 #adgf2 ,niccolo d',e/e conspir$ aga9/ 8 uncle ,ercole 9 #adgf2 ,/efano ,porc>i attempt$ ! life ( ,ni*olas ,v4 at ,rome 9 #adec2 ,lodovico ,s=za n>r[ly escap$ a viol5t dea? 9 #adec4 ,i might multiply ^! in/ances beyond satiety4 ,z x is1 ,i h select$ b a few examples fall+1 all b "o1 )9 ! second half ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,ne>ly all ^! attempts ^u ! lives ( pr9ces 7 made 9 *ur* dur+ ! celebration ( sacr$ (fices4 ,!re 0 no sup]fluity ( naught9ess1 no wilful sacrilege1 9 ?is *oice ( an occasion4 ,x only te/ifi$ to ! cont9ual suspicion & gu>d$ wat*fulness ma9ta9$ by tyrants4 ,to /rike at !m except 9 *ur* 0 almo/ impossible4 ,mean:ile ! fate ( ! tyrannicides 0 uni=m4 ,successful or n1 !y p]i%$4 ,yet s griev\s 0 ! pressure ( ,italian despotism1 s glori\s 0 ! ideal ( ,greek & ,roman h]oism1 s passionate ! temp] ( ! p1 t to kill a pr9ce at any co/ to self appe>$ ! cr[n ( manl9ess4 ,?is blood%$ ex]cis$ a deliri\s fasc9ation3 pure & base1 p]sonal & patriotic motives comb9$ to add int5sity ( fix$ & fi]y purpose to ! murd]\s impulse4 ,^? !n :o1 l ! ,m$ici1 aspir$ to tyranny & s\ght to f\nd a dyna/y ( pr9ces1 ent]$ ! ar5a aga9/ a ho/ ( unkn[n & unse5 gladiators4 ,,xvii ,on 8 dea?b$1 9 #adib1 ,lor5zo lay betwe5 two m5--,angelo ,poliziano & ,girolamo ,savon>ola4 ,poliziano inc>nat$ ! g5ial1 radiant1 godless _s ( fifte5?-c5tury humanism4 ,savon>ola repres5t$ ! consci5ce ( ,italy1 self-convict$1 amid all h] greatness1 ( crimes t call$ = puni%m5t4 ,x is said t :5 ,lor5zo ask$ ! monk = absolution1 ,savon>ola bade him fir/ re/ore fre$om to ,flor5ce4 ,lor5zo1 turn$ 8 face to ! wall & 0 sil5t4 ,h[ inde$ c\ld he make ?is city 9 a mom5t free1 aft] sixty ye>s ( sl[ & sy/ematic corruption8 ,savon>ola left him1 & he di$ un%riv54 ,?is leg5d is d\btful1 ?\gh x re/s on excell5t if some:at p>tial au?ority4 ,x has1 at any rate1 ! value ( a my?us1 s9ce x epitomises ! attitude assum$ by ! great prea*] to ! pr9ce4 ,flor5ce enslav$1 ! s\l ( ,lor5zo _c lay its burd5 d[n1 b mu/ g ) all its s9s ^u x to ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,! ye> #adib 0 a memorable ye> = ,italy4 ,9 ?is ye> ,lor5zo's dea? remov$ ! key/one ( ! ar* t _h su/a9$ ! fabric ( ,italian f$]ation4 ,9 ?is ye> ,rod]igo ,borgia 0 elect$ ,pope4 ,9 ?is ye> ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica2 ,vasco de ,gama soon aft] op5$ a new way to ! ,indies1 & ?us ! comm]ce ( ! _w pass$ f ,italy to o!r nations4 ,9 ?is ye> ! conque/ ( ,granada gave unity to ! ,spani% nation4 ,9 ?is ye> ,france1 ?r\gh ! lifelong craft ( ,l\is ,,xi41 0 = ! fir/ "t unit$ "u a "y hot-head$ sov]eign4 ,on e side ( ! political horizon /orms ?reat5$4 ,x 0 cle> t a new *apt] ( ,european hi/ory _h be5 op5$4 ,!n ,savon>ola rais$ 8 voice1 & cri$ t ! crimes ( ,italy1 ! abom9ations ( ! ,*ur*1 w\ld spe$ily be puni%$4 ,ev5ts l$ rapidly to ! fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy4 ,lor5zo's successor1 ,pi]o de' ,m$ici1 0 a va91 irresolute1 & ha/y pr9cel+1 fond ( display1 pr\d ( 8 skill 9 f5c+ & football-play+1 ) too mu* ( ! ,ors9i blood 9 8 hot ve9s1 ) too little ( ! ,m$icean craft 9 8 weak head4 ,! ,italian despots felt !y c\ld n tru/ ,pi]o1 & ?is want ( confid5ce 0 probably ! fir/ motive t impell$ ,lodovico ,s=za to call ,*>les ,,viii4 into ,italy 9 #adid4 ,x w n be necess>y to dwell ^u ?is invasion ( ! ,fr5*1 except 9 s f> z x affect$ ,flor5ce4 ,*>les pass$ rapidly ?r\gh ,lomb>dy1 engag$ 8 army 9 ! passes ( ! ,ap5n9es1 & deb\*$ ^u ! coa/ :]e ! ,magra divid$ ,tuscany f ,liguria4 ,"h ! =tresses ( ,s>zana & ,pietra ,santa1 betwe5 ! m>ble bulw>k ( ,c>r>a & ! ,tuscan sea1 /opp$ 8 fur!r progress4 ,! keys 7 held by ! ,flor5t9es4 ,to =ce ^! /rong positions & to pass beyond !m seem$ impossible4 ,x might h be5 impossible if ,pi]o de' ,m$ici _h possess$ a firm] w4 ,z x 01 he rode (f to ! ,fr5* camp1 deliv]$ up ! =ts to ,*>les1 b\nd ! ,k+ by no engagem5ts1 & return$ n o!rwise ?an pr\d ( 8 folly to ,flor5ce4 ,a t]rible reception await$ him4 ,! ,flor5t9es1 9 _! fury1 _h ris5 & sack$ ! ,m$icean palace4 ,x 0 z mu* z ,pi]o1 ) 8 bro!rs1 c\ld d to escape beyond ! hills to ,v5ice4 ,! despotism ( ! ,m$ici1 s c>efully built up1 s artfully su/a9$ & /r5g!n$1 0 ov]?r[n 9 a s+le day4 ,,xviii ,be=e consid]+ :at happ5$ 9 ,flor5ce aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,m$ici1 x w be well to pause a mom5t & review ! /ate 9 :i* ,lor5zo _h left 8 family4 ,pi]o1 8 elde/ son1 recognis$ z *ief ( ! republic aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 0 m>ri$ to ,alfons9a ,ors9i1 & 0 9 8 tw5ty-second ye>4 ,giovanni1 8 second son1 a y\? ( sev5te51 _h j be5 made c>d9al4 ,?is hon\r1 ( va/ importance = ! ,casa ,m$ici 9 ! future1 he ow$ to 8 si/] ,maddal5a's m>riage to ,frances*etto ,cybo1 son ( ,innoc5t ,,viii4 ,! ?ird ( ,lor5zo's sons1 nam$ ,giuliano1 0 a boy ( ?irte54 ,giulio1 ! ba/>d son ( ! eld] ,giuliano1 0 f\rte54 ,^! f\r pr9ces =m$ ! effici5t /r5g? ( ! ,m$ici1 ! hope ( ! h\se2 & = ea* ( !m1 ) ! exception ( ,pi]o1 :o di$ 9 exile1 & ( :om no m notice ne$ be tak51 a brilliant de/9y 0 /ill 9 /ore4 ,9 ! ye> #adie1 h[ev]1 !y n[ w&]$1 homeless & helpless1 ?r\gh ! cities ( ,italy1 ea* ( :i* 0 %ak5 to its f\ndations by ! ,fr5* invasion4 ,,xix ,flor5ce1 left )\t ! ,m$ici1 depriv$ ( ,pisa & o!r subject cities by ! passage ( ! ,fr5* army1 ) no lead] b ! monk ,savon>ola1 n[ s\ght to recon/itute h] lib]ties4 ,dur+ ! dom9ation ( ! ,albizzi & ! ,m$ici ! old ord] ( ! commonweal? _h be5 completely brok5 up4 ,! ,arti _h lo/ _! primitive importance4 ,! di/9ctions betwe5 ! ,gr&i & ! ,popolani _h practically pass$ away4 ,9 a democracy t has submitt$ to a l5g!n$ c\rse ( tyranny1 su* ext9ction ( its old life is inevitable4 ,yet ! passion = lib]ty 0 /ill p[]ful2 & ! busy bra9s ( ! ,flor5t9es 7 /or$ ) exp]i5ce ga9$ f _! previ\s vicissitudes1 f ! /udy ( antique hi/ory1 & f ! obs]vation ( exi/+ con/itutions 9 ! t[ns ( ,italy4 ,!y n[ det]m9$ to reorganise ! ,/ate ^u ! model ( ! ,v5etian republic4 ,! ,signory 0 to rema91 ) its old in/itution ( ,priors1 ,gonfaloni]1 & ,college1 elect$ = brief p]iods4 ,^! magi/rates 7 to take ! initiative 9 debate1 to propose measures1 & to consid] plans ( action4 ,! real p[] ( ! ,/ate1 = vot+ supplies & ratify+ ! measures ( ! ,signory1 0 ve/$ 9 a s5ate ( "o ?\s& memb]s1 call$ ! ,gr& ,c\ncil1 f :om a small] body ( =ty1 act+ z int]m$iates betwe5 ! ,c\ncil & ! ,signory1 7 elect$4 ,x is said t ! plan ( ?is con/itution orig9at$ ) ,savon>ola2 nor is !re any d\bt t he us$ all 8 influ5ce 9 ! pulpit ( ! ,duomo to r5d] x acceptable to ! p4 ,:oev] may h be5 responsible = its =mation1 ! new gov]nm5t 0 c>ri$ 9 #adie1 & a l>ge hall = ! assembly ( ! ,gr& ,c\ncil 0 op5$ 9 ! ,public ,palace4 ,savon>ola1 mean:ile1 _h become ! rul+ _s ( ,flor5ce4 ,he ga9$ 8 great p[] z a prea*]3 he us$ x l a monk4 ,! motive pr9ciple ( 8 action 0 ! passion = re=m4 ,to br+ ! ,*ur* back to its pri/9e /ate ( purity1 )\t alt]+ its doctr9e or sugge/+ any new =m ( cre$2 to purge ,italy ( ungodly cu/oms2 to ov]?r[ ! tyrants :o enc\rag$ evil liv+1 & to place ! p[] ( ! ,/ate 9 ! h&s ( sob] citiz5s3 ^! 7 8 objects4 ,?\gh he set himself 9 bold opposition to ! reign+ ,pope1 he _h no desire to de/roy ! spiritual supremacy ( ,s4 ,pet]'s see4 ,?\gh he burn$ ) an en?usia/ic zeal = lib]ty1 & display$ r>e g5ius = adm9i/ration1 he _h no ambition to rule ,flor5ce l a dictator4 ,savon>ola 0 nei!r a re=m] 9 ! nor!rn s5se ( ! ^w1 nor yet a political demagogue4 ,8 sole wi% 0 to see purity ( mann]s & fre$om ( self-gov]nm5t re-e/abli%$4 ,) ?is end 9 view he bade ! ,flor5t9es elect ,*ri/ z _! supreme *ief2 & !y did s4 ,= ! same end he ab/a9$ f appe>+ 9 ! ,/ate ,c\ncils1 & left ! ,con/itution to "w by its own laws4 ,8 p]sonal influ5ce he res]v$ = ! pulpit2 & "h he 0 omnipot5t4 ,! p believ$ 9 him z a prophet4 ,!y turn$ to him z ! man :o knew :at he want$--z ! voice ( lib]ty1 ! s\l ( ! new rgime1 ! g5ius :o c\ld brea! into ! commonweal? a brea? ( fre% vitality4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,savon>ola prea*$ a re=m ( mann]s1 he 0 at once obey$4 ,/rict laws 7 pass$ en=c+ sobriety1 condemn+ trades ( pleasure1 r$uc+ ! gay cu/oms ( ,flor5ce to puritanical au/]ity4 ,great /ress has be5 laid ^u ?is reaction ( ! monk-l$ populace aga9/ ! vices ( ! pa/4 ,yet ! hi/orian is b\nd to pron\nce t ! re=m effect$ by ,savon>ola 0 r picturesque ?an vital4 ,l all viol5t revivals ( pietism1 x produc$ a no less viol5t reaction4 ,! p>ties )9 ! city :o res5t$ ! int]f]5ce ( a prea*+ fri>1 jo9$ ) ! ,pope 9 ,rome1 :o hat$ a contumaci\s s*ismatic 9 ,savon>ola4 ,assail$ by ^! two =ces at ! same mom5t1 & driv5 ^u p]il\s gr\nd by 8 own febrile en?usiasm1 ,savon>ola succumb$4 ,he 0 imprison$1 tortur$1 & burn$ ^u ! public squ>e 9 #adih4 ,:at ,savon>ola really a*iev$ = ,flor5ce 0 n a p]man5t re=m ( morality1 b a resuscitation ( ! _s ( fre$om4 ,8 foll[]s1 call$ 9 contempt ,i ,piagnoni1 or ! ,weep]s1 =m$ ! pa? ( ! commonweal? 9 future2 & ! memory ( _! m>tyr s]v$ z a common bond ( sympa?y to unite !m 9 times ( trial4 ,x 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! peculi> "p he play$ t ! city 0 h5ce=? divid$ into factions repres5t+ mutually antagoni/ic pr9ciples4 ,^! factions 7 n creat$ by ,savon>ola2 b 8 extraord9>y influ5ce acc5tuat$1 z x 71 ! hum\rs t lay dormant 9 ! ,/ate4 ,families fav\rable to ! ,m$ici took ! "n ( ,palles*i4 ,m5 :o *af$ aga9/ puritanical re=m1 & :o 7 eag] = any gov]nm5t t %\ld secure !m _! old lic5ce1 7 kn[n z ,compagnacci4 ,mean:ile ! olig>*s1 :o dislik$ a democratic ,con/itution1 & ?\ght x possible to f\nd an ari/ocracy )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! ,m$ici1 came to be kn[n z ,gli ,ottimati4 ,flor5ce held )9 itself1 f ?is epo* =w>d to ! f9al ext9ction ( lib]ty1 f\r great p>ties3 ! ,piagnoni1 passionate = political fre$om & au/]ity ( life2 ! ,palles*i1 fav\rable to ! ,m$icean cause1 & regretful ( ,lor5zo's pleasant rule2 ! ,compagnacci1 intol]ant ( ! re=m$ republic1 nei!r ho/ile nor loyal to ! ,m$ici1 b desir\s ( p]sonal lic5ce2 ! ,ottimati1 a/ute & selfi%1 wat*+ _! own advantage1 ev]-m9dful to =m a n>r[ gov]nm5t ( privileg$ families1 dis9cl9$ to ! ,m$ici1 except :5 !y ?\ght ! ,m$ici might be employ$ z in/rum5ts 9 _! intrigues4 ,,xx ,dur+ ! %ort p]iod ( ,savon>ola's asc5d5cy1 ,flor5ce 0 9 =m at lea/ a ,!ocracy1 )\t any titul> head b ,*ri/2 & z long z ! en?usiasm inspir$ by ! monk la/$1 z long z 8 p]sonal influ5ce endur$1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,gr& ,c\ncil work$ well4 ,aft] 8 dea? x 0 f\nd t ! ma*9]y 0 too cumbr\s4 ,:ile adopt+ ! ,v5etian =m ( gov]nm5t1 ! ,flor5t9es _h omitt$ "o ess5tial elem5t--! ,doge4 ,by ref]r+ measures ( imm$iate necessity to ! ,gr& ,c\ncil1 ! republic lo/ preci\s "t4 ,dang]\s publicity1 moreov]1 0 incurr$2 & s l>ge a body (t5 came to no firm resolution4 ,!re 0 no p]man5t au?ority 9 ! ,/ate2 no security t :at _h be5 delib]at$ w\ld be c>ri$ out ) en]gy2 no titul> *ief1 :o c\ld transact affairs ) =eign pot5tates & _! ambassadors4 ,accord+ly1 9 #aejb1 x 0 decre$ t ! ,gonfaloni] %\ld hold (fice = life--%\ld be 9 fact a ,doge4 ,to ?is important po/ ( p]man5t presid5t ,pi]o ,sod]9i 0 appo9t$2 & 9 8 h&s 7 plac$ ! *ief affairs ( ! republic4 ,at ?is po9t ,flor5ce1 aft] all h] vicissitudes1 _h won h] way to some?+ really simil> to ! ,v5etian ,con/itution4 ,yet ! simil>ity exi/$ m 9 =m ?an 9 fact4 ,! gov]nm5t ( burgh]s 9 a ,gr& ,c\ncil1 ) a ,s5ate ( =ty1 & a ,gonfaloni] = life1 _h n gr[n up gradually & absorb$ into itself ! vital =ces ( ! commonweal?4 ,x 0 a creation ( inv5tive intellig5ce1 n ( national developm5t1 9 ,flor5ce4 ,x _h aga9/ x ! jeal\sy ( ! ,ottimati1 :o felt !mselves ov]%ad[$ by ! ,gonfaloni]2 ! hatr$ ( ! ,palles*i1 :o ye>n$ = ! ,m$ici2 ! discont5t ( ! work+ classes1 :o ?\ght ! pres5ce ( a ,c\rt 9 ,flor5ce w\ld improve trade2 la/1 b n lea/1 ! disaffection ( ! ,compagnacci1 :o felt !y c\ld n fl\ri% to _! he>t's cont5t 9 a free commonweal?4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh ! "n ( lib]ty 0 on e lip1 ?\gh ! ,flor5t9es talk$1 wrote1 & speculat$ m ab\t con/itutional indep5d5ce ?an !y _h ev] done1 ! true en]gy ( free in/itutions _h pass$ f ! city4 ,! corrupt gov]nm5t ( ,cosimo & ,lor5zo bore its natural fruit n[4 ,egoti/ic ambition & av>ice supplant$ patriotism & indu/ry4 ,x is necess>y to compreh5d ^! circum/ances1 9 ord] t ! next revolution may be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,,xxi ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s :i* elaps$ betwe5 #aejb & #aeab1 ,pi]o ,sod]9i adm9i/]$ ,flor5ce ) an outw>d %[ ( great prosp]ity4 ,he rega9$ ,pisa1 & ma9ta9$ an hon\rable =eign policy 9 ! mid/ ( ! w>s /irr$ up by ! ,league ( ,cambray4 ,mean:ile ! "y pr9ces ( ! ,h\se ( ,m$ici _h gr[n to manhood 9 exile4 ,! ,c>d9al ,giovanni 0 ?irty-sev5 9 #aeab4 ,8 bro!r ,giuliano 0 ?irty-?ree4 ,bo? ( ^! m5 7 bett] fitt$ ?an _! bro!r ,pi]o to fight ! battles ( ! family4 ,giovanni1 9 p>ticul>1 _h inh]it$ no small portion ( ! ,m$icean craft4 ,dur+ ! tr\bl$ reign ( ,julius ,,ii4 he kept v quiet1 cem5t+ 8 connections ) p[]ful m5 9 ,rome1 b mak+ no ef=t to rega9 8 hold on ,flor5ce4 ,n[ ! mom5t = /rik+ a decisive bl[ _h come4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,rav5na 9 #aeab1 ! ,fr5* 7 driv5 out ( ,italy1 & ! ,s=zas return$ to ,milan2 ! ,spani% troops1 "u ! ,vic]oy ,c>dona1 rema9$ ma/]s ( ! c\ntry4 ,foll[+ ! camp ( ^! ,spani>ds1 ,giovanni de' ,m$ici ent]$ ,tuscany 9 ,augu/1 & caus$ ! re/oration ( ! ,m$ici to be ann\nc$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! p1 assembl$ by ,sod]9i1 resolv$ to resi/ to ! utt]mo/4 ,no =eign army %\ld =ce !m to receive ! ma/]s :om !y _h expell$4 ,yet _! c\rage fail$ on ,augu/ #bi?1 :5 news rea*$ !m ( ! capture & ! sack ( ,prato4 ,prato is a sunny little city a few miles di/ant f ! walls ( ,flor5ce1 fam\s = ! beauty ( its wom51 ! ri*ness ( its g>d5s1 & ! grace ( its build+s4 ,into ?is gem ( cities ! savage soldi]y ( ,spa9 m>*$ 9 ! bright autumnal wea!r1 & turn$ ! p>adise into a hell4 ,x is ev5 n[ impossible to read ( :at !y did 9 ,prato )\t %udd]+4#af ,cruelty & lu/1 sordid gre$ = gold1 & cold delight 9 blood%$1 c\ld g no fur!r4 ,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 by nature mild & voluptu\s1 av]se to viol5ce ( all k9ds1 _h to smile approval1 :ile ! ,spani% ,vic]oy knock$ ?us ) mail$ h& = him at ! door ( ,flor5ce4 ,! ,flor5t9es 7 p>alys$ ) t]ror4 ,!y depos$ ,sod]9i & receiv$ ! ,m$ici4 ,giovanni & ,giuliano ent]$ _! deva/at$ palace 9 ! ,via ,l>ga1 aboli%$ ! ,gr& ,c\ncil1 & dealt ) ! republic z !y li/$4 ,,xxii ,!re 0 no long] any m$ium 9 ,flor5ce possible betwe5 ei!r tyranny or "s su* gov]nm5t z ! ,m$ici _h n[ de/roy$4 ,! ,/ate 0 too rott5 to recov] ev5 ! modifi$ despotism ( ,lor5zo's days4 ,ea* trans=mation _h impair$ "s portion ( its framework1 brok5 d[n "s ( its traditions1 & s[$ new se$s ( egotism 9 citiz5s :o saw all ?+s r\nd !m *ange b self-advantage4 ,!re=e ,giovanni & ,giuliano felt !mselves secure 9 flatt]+ ! popul> vanity by an empty p>ade ( ! old in/itutions4 ,!y re/or$ ! ,signory & ! ,gonfaloni]1 elect$ = int]vals ( two mon?s by (fic]s appo9t$ = ?is purpose by ! ,m$ici4 ,flor5ce _h ! %[ ( a free gov]nm5t4 ,b ! ,m$ici manag$ all ?+s2 & soldi]s1 comm&$ by _! creature1 ,paolo ,vettori1 held ! ,palace & ! ,public ,squ>e4 ,! tyranny ?us e/abli%$ 0 less secure1 inasmu* z x op5ly re/$ ^u viol5ce1 ?an ,lor5zo's p[] _h be52 nor 7 !re signs want+ t ! burgh]s c\ld ill brook _! s]vitude4 ,! conspiracy ( ,pietro ,paolo ,boscoli & ,ago/9o ,capponi prov$ t ! ,m$icean bro!rs ran daily risk ( life4 ,inde$1 x is n likely t !y w\ld h succe$$ 9 ma9ta9+ _! au?ority--= !y 7 poor & ill-support$ by fri5ds outside ! city--except = "o mo/ lucky circum/ance3 t 0 ! election ( ,giovanni de' ,m$ici to ! ,papacy 9 #aeac4 ,! creation ( ,leo ,x4 spread satisfaction ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,politicians tru/$ t he w\ld display "s portion ( 8 fa!r's ability1 & re/ore peace to ! nation4 ,m5 ( arts & lett]s expect$ ev]y?+ f a ,m$icean ,pope1 :o _h already acquir$ ! reputation ( polite culture & op5-h&$ g5]osity4 ,!y at any rate 7 n deceiv$4 ,leo's fir/ words on tak+ 8 place 9 ! ,vatican 7 address$ to 8 bro!r ,giuliano3 ',let u enjoy ! ,papacy1 n[ t ,god has giv5 x to u2' & 8 notion ( enjoym5t 0 to surr\nd himself ) c\rt-poets1 je/]s1 & musicians1 to adorn 8 ,roman palaces ) frescoes1 to collect /atues & inscriptions1 to li/5 to ,lat9 spee*es1 & to pass judgm5t ^u s*ol>ly compositions4 ,any "o & e "o :o gave him s5sual or intellectual pleasure1 f\nd 8 purse always op54 ,he liv$ 9 ! utmo/ magnific5ce1 & made ,rome ! ,p>is ( ! ,r5aissance = brilliance1 immorality1 & self-indulg5t ease4 ,! politicians _h less reason to be satisfi$4 ,in/ead ( unit+ ! ,italians & keep+ ! great ,p[]s ( ,europe 9 *eck1 ,leo c>ri$ on a s]ies ( disa/r\s petty w>s1 *iefly ) ! purpose ( e/abli%+ ! ,m$ici z pr9ces4 ,he squ&]$ ! rev5ues ( ! ,*ur*1 & left enorm\s debts beh9d him--an ex*equ] ru9$ & a =eign policy s confus$ t peace = ,italy c\ld only be obta9$ by s]vitude4 ,flor5ce %>$ 9 ! g5]al rejoic+ :i* greet$ ,leo's accession to ! ,papacy4 ,he 0 ! fir/ ,flor5t9e citiz5 :o _h receiv$ ! ti>a1 & ! popul> vanity 0 flatt]$ by ?is hon\r to ! republic4 ,political !ori/s1 mean:ile1 began to speculate :at greatness ,flor5ce1 9 comb9ation ) ,rome1 might rise to4 ,! ,pope 0 "y2 he rul$ a l>ge t]ritory1 r$uc$ to ord] by 8 w>like pr$ecessors4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh ! republic1 sway$ by him1 might make h]self ! fir/ city 9 ,italy1 & re/ore ! glories ( h] ,guelf asc5d5cy ^u ! plat=m ( ,r5aissance /atecraft4 ,!re 0 n[ no ov]t opposition to ! ,m$ici 9 ,flor5ce4 ,h[ to gov]n ! city f ,rome1 & h[ to advance ! =tunes ( 8 bro!r ,giuliano & 8 nephew ,lor5zo 7,pi]o's son1 a "y man ( tw5ty-"o71 occupi$ ! ,pope's mo/ s]i\s att5tion4 ,= ,lor5zo ,leo obta9$ ! ,du*y ( ,urb9o & ! h& ( a ,fr5* pr9cess4 ,giuliano 0 nam$ ,gonfaloni] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he also receiv$ ! ,fr5* title ( ,duke ( ,nem\rs & ! h& ( ,filib]ta1 ,pr9cess ( ,savoy4 ,leo ent]ta9$ a fur!r project ( acquir+ ! cr[n ( ,s\!rn ,italy = 8 bro!r1 & ?us ( unit+ ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 & ,naples "u ! head%ip ( 8 h\se4 ,nor 7 ! ,m$icean int]e/s neglect$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,giulio1 ! ,pope's ba/>d c\s91 0 made c>d9al4 ,he rema9$ 9 ,rome1 act+ z vice-*ancellor & do+ ! h>d "w ( ! ,papal ,gov]nm5t = ! pleasure-lov+ pontiff4 ,to ,lor5zo1 ,duke ( ,urb9o1 ! titul> head ( ! family1 0 committ$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,flor5ce4 ,dur+ _! exile1 w&]+ f c\rt to c\rt 9 ,italy1 ! ,m$ici _h =gott5 :at x 0 to be burgh]s1 & _h acquir$ ! mann]s ( pr9ces4 ,leo alone reta9$ en\gh ( caution to w>n 8 nephew t ! ,flor5t9es mu/ /ill be treat$ z free p4 ,he confirm$ ! con/itution ( ! ,signory & ! ,privy ,c\ncil ( sev5ty e/abli%$ by 8 fa!r1 bidd+ ,lor5zo1 :ile he rul$ ?is %am republic1 to avoid ! out] signs ( tyranny4 ,! "y duke at fir/ behav$ ) mod]ation1 b he c\ld n ca/ aside 8 habits ( a great "l4 ,flor5ce n[ = ! fir/ "t saw a regul> c\rt e/abli%$ 9 h] mid/1 ) a pr9ce1 :o1 ?\gh he bore a =eign title1 0 9 fact h] ma/]4 ,! joy\s days ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t return$4 ,masqu]ades & triumphs fill$ ! public squ>es4 ,two clubs ( pleasure1 call$ ! ,diamond & ! ,bran*--badges adopt$ by ! ,m$ici to signify _! firmness 9 disa/] & _! p[] ( self-recov]y--7 =m$ to lead ! revels4 ,! be/ sculptors & pa9t]s devot$ _! g5ius to ! inv5tion ( co/umes & c>s4 ,! city affect$ to believe t ! age ( gold _h come aga94 ,,xxiii ,=tune _h be5 v fav\rable to ! ,m$ici4 ,!y _h return$ z pr9ces to ,flor5ce4 ,giovanni 0 ,pope4 ,giuliano 0 ,gonfaloni] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,giulio 0 ,c>d9al & ,ar*bi%op ( ,flor5ce4 ,lor5zo rul$ ! city l a sov]eign4 ,b ?is prosp]ity 0 no less brief ?an x 0 brilliant4 ,a few ye>s suffic$ to sweep (f all ! *iefs ( ! great h\se4 ,giuliano di$ 9 #aeaf1 leav+ only a ba/>d son ,ippolito4 ,lor5zo di$ 9 #aeai1 leav+ a ba/>d son ,aless&ro1 & a daught]1 six days old1 :o liv$ to be ! ,que5 ( ,france4 ,leo di$ 9 #aeba4 ,!re rema9$ n[ no legitimate male desc5dants f ! /ock ( ,cosimo4 ,! hon\rs & pret5sions ( ! ,m$ici devolv$ ^u ?ree ba/>ds--on ! ,c>d9al ,giulio1 & ! two boys1 ,aless&ro & ,ippolito4 ,( ^!1 ,aless&ro 0 a mulatto1 8 "m hav+ be5 a ,moori% slave 9 ! ,palace ( ,urb9o2 & :e!r 8 fa!r 0 ,giulio1 or ,giuliano1 or a base groom1 0 n kn[n = c]ta94 ,to su* extremities 7 ! ,m$ici r$uc$4 ,9 ord] to keep _! h\se alive1 !y 7 oblig$ to adopt ?is f\ndl+4 ,x is true t ! y\ng] bran* ( ! family1 desc5d$ f ,lor5zo1 ! bro!r ( ,cosimo1 /ill fl\ri%$4 ,at ?is epo* x 0 repres5t$ by ,giovanni1 ! great g5]al kn[n z ! ,inv9cible1 ^: bu/ s /rik+ly resembles t ( ,napoleon4 ,b betwe5 ?is l9e ( ! ,m$ici & ! eld] bran* !re _h nev] be5 true cordiality4 ,! ,c>d9al mi/ru/$ ,giovanni4 ,x may1 moreov]1 be add$1 t ,giovanni 0 himself doom$ to dea? 9 ! ye> #aebf4 ,giulio de' ,m$ici 0 left 9 #aeba to adm9i/] ! ,/ate ( ,flor5ce s+le-h&$4 ,he 0 ar*bi%op1 & he resid$ 9 ! city1 hold+ x ) ! grasp ( an absolute rul]4 ,yet he felt 8 position insecure4 ,! republic _h no long] any =ms ( self-gov]nm5t2 nor 0 !re a magi/racy to :om ! despot c\ld delegate 8 p[] 9 8 abs5ce4 ,giulio's ambition 0 fix$ ^u ! ,papal cr[n4 ,! ba/>ds he 0 re>+ 7 b *ildr54 ,flor5ce _h !re=e to be furni%$ ) "s political ma*9]y t %\ld "w ( itself4 ,! ,c>d9al did n wi% to give fre$om to ! city1 b clockwork4 ,he 0 9 ! p]il\s situation ( hav+ to rule a commonweal? )\t life1 )\t ela/icity1 )\t capacity ( self-movem5t1 yet full ( su* mat]ial z1 left alone1 might f]m5t1 & bre$ a revolution4 ,9 ?is p]plexity1 he _h rec\rse to advis]s4 ,! mo/ exp]i5c$ politicians1 philosophical !ori/s1 practical diplomati/s1 & /ud5ts ( antique hi/ory 7 reque/$ to furni% him ) plans = a new con/itution1 j z y ask an ar*itect to give y ! plan ( a new h\se4 ,?is 0 ! field-day ( ! doctr9aires4 ,n[ 0 se5 h[ mu* political sagacity ! ,flor5t9es _h ga9$ :ile !y 7 los+ lib]ty4 ,we possess ^! sev]al drafts ( con/itutions4 ,"s recomm5d tyranny2 "s incl9e to ari/ocracy1 or :at ,italians call$ ,gov]no ,/retto2 "s to democracy1 or ,gov]no ,l>go2 "s to an eclectic comp\nd ( ! o!r =ms1 or ,gov]no ,mi/o4 ,m consummate ma/]pieces ( con/ructive +5uity c h>dly be imag9$4 ,:at is omitt$ 9 all1 is j :at no doctr9aire1 no no/rum c communicate--! brea? ( life1 ! pr9ciple ( organic gr[?4 ,?+s _h come1 inde$1 to a melan*oly pass = ,flor5ce :5 h] tyrant1 9 ord] to confirm 8 hold ^u h]1 _h to devise ^! spr+s & irons to support h] tott]+ limbs4 ,,xxiv ,:ile ! ar*bi%op & ! doctors 7 debat+1 a plot 0 hat*+ 9 ! ,rucellai ,g>d5s4 ,x 0 "h t ! ,flor5t9e ,academy n[ held _! meet+s4 ,= ?is society ,ma*iavelli wrote 8 ',treatise on ! ,art ( ,w>1' & 8 ',disc\rses ^u ,livy4' ,! =m] 0 an exposition ( ,ma*iavelli's s*eme = creat+ a national militia1 z ! only safegu>d = ,italy1 expos$ at ?is p]iod to ! invasions ( great =eign armies4 ,! latt] is "o ( ! ?ree or f\r ma/]pieces produc$ by ! ,flor5t9e s*ool ( critical hi/orians4 ,/imulat$ by ! d>+ speculations ( ,ma*iavelli1 & fir$ to en?usiasm by _! /udy ( antiquity1 ! y\ng] academicians =m$ a conspiracy = murd]+ ,giulio de' ,m$ici1 & re/or+ ! republic on a ,roman model4 ,an int]cept$ lett] betray$ _! plans4 ,two ( ! conspirators 7 tak5 & behead$4 ,o!rs escap$4 ,b ! discov]y ( ?is conjuration put a /op to ,giulio's s*eme ( re=m+ ! ,/ate4 ,h5ce=? he rul$ ,flor5ce l a despot1 mild 9 mann]s1 cauti\s 9 ! ex]cise ( arbitr>y p[]1 b firm 9 8 autocracy4 ,! ,condotti]e4 ,aless&ro ,vitelli1 ) a company ( soldi]s1 0 tak5 into s]vice = ! protection ( 8 p]son & ! intimidation ( ! citiz5s4 ,9 #aebc1 ! ,pope1 ,adrian ,,vi41 expir$ aft] a %ort papacy1 f :i* he ga9$ no hon\r & ,italy no pr(it4 ,giulio hurri$ to ,rome1 &1 by ! clev] use ( 8 l>ge influ5ce1 caus$ himself to be elect$ ) ! title ( ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,9 ,flor5ce he left ,silvio ,pass]9i1 ,c>d9al ( ,cortona1 z 8 viceg]5t & ! gu>dian ( ! two boys ,aless&ro & ,ippolito4 ,! discipl9e ( _m ye>s _h accu/om$ ! ,flor5t9es to a gov]nm5t ( prie/s4 ,/ill ! burgh]s1 m9dful ( _! anci5t lib]ties1 7 gall$ by ! yoke ( a ,cortonese1 sprung up f "o ( _! subject cities2 nor c\ld !y be> ! ba/>ds :o 7 be+ re>$ to rule !m4 ,=eign]s ?rew x 9 _! tee? t ,flor5ce1 ! city glori\s ( art & fre$om1 0 become a /able = mules--/alla da muli1 9 ! expressive language ( popul> s>casm4 ,ba/>dy1 x may be said 9 pass+1 c>ri$ ) x small di%on\r among ! ,italians4 ,! ,e/5si 7 all illegitimate2 ! ,aragonese h\se 9 ,naples sprang f ,alfonso's natural son2 & *ildr5 ( ,popes rank$ among ! pr9ces4 ,yet ! unc]ta9ty ( ,aless&ro's bir? & ! base condition ( 8 "m made ! prospect ( ?is tyrant peculi>ly odi\s2 :ile ! primacy ( a =eign c>d9al 9 ! mid/ ( citiz5s ^: _s 0 /ill unbrok51 embitt]$ ! cup ( humiliation4 ,! ,casa ,m$ici held its au?ority by a sl5d] ?read1 & dep5d$ m ^u ! disunion ( ! burgh]s ?an on any p[] ( its own4 ,x c\ld always reckon on ! fav\r ( ! l[] populace1 :o ga9$ pr(it & amusem5t f ! pres5ce ( a c\rt4 ,! ,ottimati aga9 hop$ m f a weak despotism ?an f a commonweal?1 :]e _! privileges w\ld h be5 m]g$ 9 ! mass ( ! ,gr& ,c\ncil4 ,?us ! sympa?ies ( ! plebeians & ! selfi%ness ( ! ri* patricians prev5t$ ! republic f ass]t+ itself4 ,on ?is meagre basis ( p]sonal cupidity ! ,m$ici su/a9$ !mselves4 ,:at made ! situation /ill m delicate1 & at ! same "t protract$ ! feeble rule ( ,clem5t1 0 t nei!r ! ,flor5t9es nor ! ,m$ici _h any army4 ,face to face ) a pot5tate s consid]able z ! ,pope1 a free ,/ate c\ld n be e/abli%$ )\t milit>y =ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,m$ici1 support$ by a m]e h&ful ( m]c5>ies1 _h no p[] to resi/ a popul> ris+ if any ext]nal ev5t %\ld inspire ! middle classes ) a hope ( lib]ty4 ,,xxv ,clem5t assum$ ! ti>a at a mom5t ( great difficulty4 ,leo _h ru9$ ! f9ance ( ,rome4 ,france & ,spa9 7 /ill cont5d+ = ! possession ( ,italy4 ,:ile act+ z ,vice-,*ancellor1 ,giulio de' ,m$ici _h seem$ to hold ! re9s ) a firm grasp1 & m5 expect$ t he w\ld prove a p[]ful ,pope2 b 9 ^? days he _h ,leo to help him2 & ,leo1 ?\gh indol5t1 0 an abl] man ?an 8 c\s94 ,he plann$1 & ,giulio execut$4 ,oblig$ to act n[ = himself1 ,clem5t reveal$ ! weakness ( 8 nature4 ,t weakness 0 irresolution1 craft )\t wisdom1 diplomacy )\t k ( m54 ,he rais$ ! /orm1 & %[$ himself incapable ( guid+ x4 ,?is is n ! place to tell by :at a s]ies ( crook$ s*emes & cross purposes he br\ght ^u himself ! ru9 ( ! ,*ur* & ,rome1 to relate 8 disagreem5t ) ! ,emp]or1 or to describe aga9 ! sack ( ! ,et]nal ,city by ! rabble ( ! ,con/able de ,b\rbon's army4 ,t wreck ( ,rome 9 #aebg 0 ! clos+ sc5e ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance--! la/ ( ! ,apocalyptic trag$ies =etold by ,savon>ola--! dea? ( ! old age4 ,:5 ! ,flor5t9es knew :at 0 happ5+ 9 ,rome1 !y rose & =c$ ! ,c>d9al ,pass]9i to dep>t ) ! ,m$icean ba/>ds f ! city4 ,! y\? dem&$ arms = ! def5ce ( ! t[n1 & !y receiv$ !m4 ,! :ole male population 0 enroll$ 9 a militia4 ,! ,gr& ,c\ncil 0 re=m$1 & ! republic 0 re/or$ ^u ! basis ( #adie4 ,niccolo ,capponi 0 elect$ ,gonfaloni]4 ,! "n ( ,*ri/ 0 aga9 regi/]$ z *ief ( ! commonweal?--to su* an ext5t did ! memory ( ,savon>ola /ill sway ! popul> imag9ation4 ,! new ,/ate ha/5$ to =m an alliance ) ,france1 & ,malate/a ,baglioni 0 *os5 z milit>y ,comm&]-9-,*ief4 ,mean:ile ! city arm$ itself = siege--,mi*el ,angelo ,buon>roti & ,francesco da ,san ,gallo und]tak+ ! con/ruction ( new =ts & ramp>ts4 ,^! measures 7 adopt$ ) sudd5 decision1 because x 0 soon kn[n t ,clem5t _h made peace ) ! ,emp]or1 & t ! army :i* _h sack$ ,rome 0 go+ to be m>*$ on ,flor5ce4 ,,xxvi ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ #aebi ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange assembl$ 8 =ces at ,t]ni1 & !nce advanc$ by easy /ages into ,tuscany4 ,z he approa*$1 ! ,flor5t9es laid wa/e _! suburbs1 & ?rew d[n _! wrea? ( t[]s1 9 ord] t ! enemy might h no h>b\rage or po9ts ( vantage = attack4 ,_! troops 7 conc5trat$ )9 ! city1 :]e a new ,gonfaloni]1 ,francesco ,c>ducci1 furi\sly oppos$ to ! ,m$ici1 & atta*$ to ! ,piagnoni p>ty1 n[ rul$4 ,on ,septemb] #d? ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange appe>$ be=e ! walls1 & op5$ ! memorable siege4 ,x la/$ eight mon?s1 at ! end ( :i* "t1 betray$ by _! g5]als1 divid$ among !mselves1 & worn out ) delays1 ! ,flor5t9es capitulat$4 ,flor5ce 0 paid z comp5sation = ! insult (f]$ to ! pontiff 9 ! sack ( ,rome4 ,! long yoke ( ! ,m$ici _h und]m9$ ! "* ( ! ,flor5t9es4 ,?is1 _! la/ glori\s /ruggle = lib]ty1 0 b a fla% 9 ! pan--a f9al fl>e-up ( ! dy+ lamp4 ,! city 0 n satisfi$ ) slav]y2 b x _h no capacity = unit$ action4 ,! ,ottimati 7 egoti/ic & jeal\s ( ! p4 ,! ,palles*i desir$ to re/ore ! ,m$ici at any price--"s ( !m frankly wi%+ = a pr9cipality1 o!rs tru/+ t ! old quasi-republican gov]nm5t might /ill be re9/at$4 ,! ,r$ ,republicans1 /yl$ ,lib]t9i & ,arrabbiati1 clung toge!r 9 bl9d hatr$ ( ! ,m$icean p>ty2 b !y _h no fur!r policy to guide !m4 ,! ,piagnoni1 or ,frates*i1 /uck to ! memory ( ,savon>ola1 & believ$ t angels w\ld desc5d to gu>d ! battlem5ts :5 human help _h fail$4 ,^! en?usia/s /ill =m$ ! true n]ve ( ! nation--! class t might h sav$ ! ,/ate1 if salvation _h be5 possible4 ,ev5 z x 01 ! en]gy ( _! fanaticism prolong$ ! siege until resi/ance seem$ no long] physically possible4 ,! h]o develop$ by ! crisis 0 ,francesco ,f]rucci1 a plebeian :o _h pass$ 8 y\? 9 manual lab\r1 & :o n[ display$ r>e milit>y g5ius4 ,he fell fight+ outside ! walls ( ,flor5ce4 ,_h he comm&$ ! troops f ! beg9n+1 & rema9$ inside ! city1 x is j possible t ! fate ( ! w> might h be5 less disa/r\s4 ,z x 01 ,malate/a ,baglioni1 ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 turn$ out an arrant sc\ndrel4 ,he held secret correspond5ce ) ,clem5t & ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange4 ,x 0 he :o f9ally sold ,flor5ce to h] foes1 'putt+ on 8 head1' z ! ,doge ( ,v5ice said be=e ! ,s5ate1 '! cap ( ! bigge/ traitor ^u record4' ,,xxvii ,:at rema9s ( ,flor5t9e hi/ory may be briefly told4 ,clem5t1 n[ ! undisput$ arbit] ( p[] & hon\r 9 ! city1 *ose ,aless&ro de' ,m$ici to be pr9ce4 ,aless&ro 0 creat$ ,duke ( ,civit di ,p5na1 & m>ri$ to a natural daught] ( ,*>les ,v4 ,ippolito 0 made a c>d9al4 ,ippolito w\ld h pref]r$ a secul> to a prie/ly k+dom2 nor did he conceal 8 jeal\sy = 8 c\s94 ,!re=e ,aless&ro _h him poison$4 ,aless&ro 9 8 turn 0 murd]$ by 8 k9sman1 ,lor5z9o de' ,m$ici4 ,lor5z9o paid ! usual p5alty ( tyrannicide "s ye>s lat]4 ,:5 ,aless&ro 0 kill$ 9 #aeci1 ,clem5t _h himself be5 dead five ye>s4 ,?us ! :ole po/]ity ( ,cosimo de' ,m$ici1 ) ! exception ( ,ca!r9e1 ,que5 ( ,france1 0 utt]ly ext+ui%$4 ,b ! ,m$ici _h /ruck root s firmly 9 ! ,/ate1 & _h s remodell$ x ^u ! type ( tyranny1 t ! ,flor5t9es 7 no long] able to d )\t !m4 ,! *iefs ( ! ,ottimati select$ ,cosimo1 ! repres5tative ( ,giovanni ! ,inv9cible1 = _! pr9ce1 & ?us ! l9e ( ! eld] ,lor5zo came at la/ to p[]4 ,?is ,cosimo 0 a boy ( eighte51 fond ( field-sports1 & unus$ to p>ty intrigues4 ,:5 ,francesco ,guicci>d9i (f]$ him a privy purse ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& ducats annually1 toge!r ) ! presid5cy ( ,flor5ce1 ?is wily politician hop$ t he w\ld rule ! ,/ate ?r\gh ,cosimo1 & realise at la/ t dream ( ! ,ottimati1 a ,gov]no ,/retto or di ,po*i4 ,he 0 notably mi/ak5 9 8 calculations4 ,! fir/ days ( ,cosimo's adm9i/ration %[$ t he possess$ ! craft ( 8 family & ! vig\r ( 8 imm$iate prog5itors1 & t he meant to be sole ma/] 9 ,flor5ce4 ,he x 0 :o obta9$ ! title ( ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany f ! ,pope--a title confirm$ by ! ,emp]or1 =tifi$ by ,au/rian alliances1 & transmitt$ ?r\gh 8 heirs to ! pres5t c5tury4 ,,xxviii ,9 ?is sket* ( ,flor5t9e hi/ory1 ,i h purposely omitt$ all details t did n be> ^u ! con/itutional hi/ory ( ! republic1 or on ! gr[? ( ! ,m$ici z despots2 because ,i want$ to pres5t a picture ( ! process :]eby t family contriv$ to fa/5 itself ^u ! free/ & mo/ cultivat$ ,/ate 9 ,italy4 ,?is success ! ,m$ici ow$ ma9ly to _! own ob/9acy1 & to ! weakness ( republican in/itutions 9 ,flor5ce4 ,_! p[] 0 f\nd$ ^u weal? 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & ^u ! +5uity ) :i* !y turn$ ! fav\r ( ! prolet>iate to use4 ,x 0 confirm$ by ! mi/akes & failures ( _! enemies1 by ,r9aldo degli ,albizzi's attack on ,cosimo1 by ! conspiracy ( ,n]oni & ,pitti aga9/ ,pi]o1 & by ,francesco de' ,pazzi's attempt to assass9ate ,lor5zo4 ,x 0 /ill fur!r /r5g!n$ by ! ,m$icean sympa?y = arts & lett]s--a sympa?y :i* plac$ bo? ,cosimo & ,lor5zo at ! head ( ! ,r5aissance movem5t1 & made !m wor?y to repres5t ,flor5ce1 ! city ( g5ius1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,:ile ?us f\nd+ & cem5t+ _! dyna/ic influ5ce ^u ! basis ( a widespread popul>ity1 ! ,m$ici employ$ p]si/5t cunn+ 9 ! enfeeblem5t ( ! ,republic4 ,x 0 _! policy n to plant !mselves by =ce or acts ( ov]t tyranny1 b to corrupt ambiti\s citiz5s1 to secure ! patronage ( public (fic]s1 & to r5d] ! spontane\s work+ ( ! ,/ate ma*9]y impossible4 ,by pursu+ ?is policy ov] a long s]ies ( ye>s !y made ! revival ( lib]ty 9 #adid1 & aga9 9 #aebg1 ineffectual4 ,:ile exil$ f ,flor5ce1 !y nev] lo/ ! hope ( return+ z ma/]s1 s long z ! passions !y _h excit$1 & !y alone c\ld gratify1 rema9$ 9 full activity4 ,^! passions 7 av>ice & egotism1 ! gre$ ( ! grasp+ ,ottimati1 ! jeal\sy ( ! nobles1 ! self-indulg5ce ( ! prolet>iate4 ,yet x is probable !y might h fail$ to recov] ,flor5ce1 on "o or o!r ( ^! two occasions1 b = ! accid5t :i* plac$ ,giovanni de' ,m$ici on ! ,papal *air1 & enabl$ him to put ,giulio 9 ! way ( ! same dignity4 ,f ! accession ( ,leo 9 #aeac to ! ye> #aebg ! ,m$ici rul$ ,flor5ce f ,rome1 & br\ght ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* into ! s]vice ( _! despotism4 ,aft] t date !y 7 /ill fur!r aid$ by ! imp]ial policy ( ,*>les ,v41 :o *ose to gov]n ,italy ?r\gh subject pr9ces1 b\nd to himself by dome/ic alliances & p[]ful int]e/s4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,cosimo1 ! fir/ ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,debt ,,( ,,engli% ,,to ,,italian ,,lit]ature ,to an ,engli%man "o ( ! *ief int]e/s ( ! /udy ( ,italian lit]ature is d]iv$ f ! fact t1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,italy1 an almo/ un9t]rupt$ curr5t ( intellectual int]c\rse has be5 ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! la/ five c5turies4 ,! ,engli% h nev]1 inde$1 at any "t be5 slavi% imitators ( ! ,italians2 b ,italy has =m$ ! dreaml& ( ! ,engli% fancy1 inspir+ poets ) _! mo/ delightful ?\ghts1 supply+ !m ) subjects1 & implant+ 9 _! m9ds t s5tim5t ( ,s\!rn beauty :i*1 engraft$ on our m passionately imag9ative ,nor!rn nature1 has borne ri* fruit 9 ! works ( ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 ,m>l[e1 ,%aksp]e1 ,milton1 & ! poets ( ?is c5tury4 ,x is n /range t ,italy %\ld ?us 9 matt]s ( culture h be5 ! guide & mi/ress ( ,engl&4 ,italy1 ( all ! ,european nations1 0 ! fir/ to produce high art & lit]ature 9 ! dawn ( mod]n civilisation4 ,italy 0 ! fir/ to display ref9em5t 9 dome/ic life1 poli% ( mann]s1 civilities ( int]c\rse4 ,9 ,italy ! comm]ce ( c\rts fir/ develop$ a society ( m5 & wom51 educat$ by ! same traditions ( humani/ic culture4 ,9 ,italy ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t 7 fir/ discuss$ & r$uc$ to !ory4 ,9 ,italy ! zeal = ! classics took its orig92 & s*ol>%ip1 to :i* we owe our m5tal tra9+1 0 at fir/ ! possession ( none almo/ b ,italians4 ,x !re=e foll[$ t dur+ ! age ( ! ,r5aissance any man ( ta/e or g5ius1 :o desir$ to %>e ! newly discov]$ privileges ( le>n+1 _h to seek ,italy4 ,e "o :o wi%$ to be initiat$ into ! secrets ( sci5ce or philosophy1 _h to conv]se ) ,italians 9 p]son or ?r\gh books4 ,e "o :o 0 eag] to poli% 8 native language1 & to r5d] x ! prop] vehicle ( poetic ?\ght1 _h to consult ! ma/]pieces ( ,italian lit]ature4 ,to ,italians ! c\rti]1 ! diplomati/1 ! arti/1 ! /ud5t ( /atecraft & ( milit>y tactics1 ! political !ori/1 ! m]*ant1 ! man ( laws1 ! man ( arms1 & ! *ur*man turn$ = prec$5ts & precepts4 ,! nations ( ! ,nor?1 /ill torpid & somnol5t 9 _! semi-b>b>ism1 ne$$ ! magnetic t\* ( ,italy be=e !y c\ld awake to intellectual life4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,long be=e ! ?ir/ = culture possess$ ! ,engli% m9d1 ,italy _h appropriat$ & assimilat$ all t ,lat9 lit]ature conta9$ ( /rong or spl5did to ar\se ! ?\ght & fancy ( ! mod]n _w2 ,greek1 too1 0 rapidly becom+ ! possession ( ! s*ol>s ( ,flor5ce & ,rome2 s t ,engli% m5 ( lett]s f\nd ! _s ( ! anci5ts infus$ into a mod]n lit]ature2 models ( correct & elegant composition exi/$ = !m 9 a language easy1 h>moni\s1 & n dissimil> 9 usage to _! own4 ,! importance ( ?is s]vice1 r5d]$ by ,italians to ! re/ ( ,europe1 _c be exagg]at$4 ,by explor+1 dige/+1 & reproduc+ ! classics1 ,italy made ! lab\r ( s*ol>%ip comp>atively light = ! ,nor!rn nations1 & ext5d$ to u ! privilege ( culture )\t ! p]il ( los+ orig9ality 9 ! en?usiasm = erudition4 ,our great poets c\ld h&le lightly1 & yet pr(itably1 ^? ma/]pieces ( ,greece & ,rome1 b5ea? ! weight ( :i*1 :5 fir/ discov]$1 ! g5ius ( ! ,italians _h wav]$4 ,to ! orig9ality ( ,%aksp]e an accession ( weal? )\t weakness 0 br\ght by ! p]usal ( ,italian works1 9 :i* ! _s ( ! antique 0 se5 z 9 a mod]n mirror4 ,!n1 9 addition to ?is b5efit ( in/ruction1 ,italy gave to ,engl& a gift ( pure beauty1 ! influ5ce ( :i*1 9 ref9+ our national ta/e1 h>monis+ ! r\ghness ( our mann]s & our language1 & /imulat+ our imag9ation1 has be5 incalculable4 ,x 0 a n unfrequ5t cu/om = "y m5 ( ability to /udy at ! ,italian univ]sities1 or at lea/ to und]take a j\rney to ! pr9cipal ,italian cities4 ,f _! soj\rn 9 t l& ( lovel9ess & intellectual life !y return$ ) _! ,nor!rn bra9s mo/ p[]fully /imulat$4 ,to produce1 by ma/]pieces ( ! imag9ation1 "s "w ( /yle t %\ld rema9 z a mem5to ( t glori\s c\ntry1 & %\ld vie on ,engli% soil ) ! art ( ,italy1 0 _! g5]\s ambition4 ,consequ5tly ! sub/ance ( ! /ories v]sifi$ by our poets1 ! =ms ( our metres1 & ! cad5ces ( our prose p]iods reveal a close att5tion to ,italian orig9als4 ,?is debt ( ,engl& to ,italy 9 ! matt] ( our lit]ature began ) ,*auc]4 ,truly orig9al & national z 0 ! framework ( ! ',cant]bury ,tales1' we c h>dly d\bt b t ,*auc] 0 det]m9$ 9 ! =m adopt$ = 8 poem by ! example ( ,boccaccio4 ,! subject-matt]1 also1 ( _m ( 8 tales 0 tak5 f ,boccaccio's prose or v]se4 ,= example1 ! /ory ( ,pati5t ,grizzel is f\nd$ ^u "o ( ! leg5ds ( ! ',decam]on1' :ile ! ,knight's ,tale is almo/ translat$ f ! ',teseide' ( ,boccaccio1 & ,troilus & ,creseide is d]iv$ f ! ',filo/rato' ( ! same au?or4 ,! ,frankl9's ,tale & ! ,reeve's ,tale are also bas$ ei!r on /ories ( ,boccaccio or else on ,fr5* ',fabliaux1' to :i* ,*auc]1 z well z ,boccaccio1 _h access4 ,i d n wi% to lay too mu* /ress ^u ,*auc]'s direct obligations to ,boccaccio1 because x is inconte/able t ! ,fr5* ',fabliaux1' :i* suppli$ !m bo? ) subjects1 7 ! common prop]ty ( ! m$ival nations4 ,b 8 indirect debt 9 all t conc]ns elegant h&l+ ( mat]ial1 & 9 ! fusion ( ! romantic ) ! classic _s1 :i* =ms ! *ief *>m ( su* tales z ! ,palamon & ,arcite1 c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,la/ly1 ! sev5-l9$ /anza1 call$ rime royal1 :i* ,*auc] us$ ) s mu* effect 9 n>rative poetry1 0 probably borr[$ f ! e>li] ,flor5t9e ',ballata1' ! la/ l9e rhym+ ) its pr$ecessor be+ sub/itut$ = ! recurr5t refra94 ,inde$1 ! /anza itself1 z us$ by our e>lie/ poets1 may be f\nd 9 ,guido ,cavalcanti's ',ballatetta1' beg9n+1 ,posso degli oc*i miei4 ,betwe5 ,*auc] & ,surrey ! ,muse ( ,engl& fell asleep2 b :5 9 ! latt] half ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 %e awoke aga91 x 0 z a consci\s pupil ( ! ,italian t %e attempt$ new /ra9s & essay$ fre% metres4 ',9 ! latt] end ( ,h5ry ,,viii4's reign1' says ,putt5ham1 'sprang up a new company ( c\rtly mak]s1 ( :om ,sir ,t4 ,wyatt ! eld]1 & ,h5ry ,e>l ( ,surrey1 7 ! two *iefta9s1 :o1 hav+ travell$ into ,italy1 & !re ta/$ ! sweet & /ately measures & /yle ( ! ,italian poesy1 z novices newly crept out ( ! s*ools ( ,dante1 ,ario/o1 & ,petr>*1 !y greatly poli%$ our rude & homely mann] ( vulg> poesy1 f t x _h be5 be=e1 & = t cause may ju/ly be said ! fir/ re=m]s ( our ,engli% metre & /yle4' ,! *ief po9t 9 :i* ,surrey imitat$ 8 'ma/]1 ,francis ,petr>*a1' 0 9 ! use ( ! sonnet4 ,he introduc$ ?is elaborate =m ( poetry into our lit]ature2 & h[ x has ?riv5 ) u1 ! ma/]pieces ( ,sp5s]1 ,%aksp]e1 ,milton1 ,wordswor?1 ,keats1 ,rossetti atte/4 ,z practis$ by ,dante & ,petr>*1 ! sonnet is a poem ( f\rte5 l9es1 divid$ into two quatra9s & two triplets1 s arrang$ t ! two quatra9s repeat "o pair ( rhymes1 :ile ! two triplets repeat ano!r pair4 ,?us an ,italian sonnet ( ! /ricte/ =m is compos$ ^u f\r rhymes1 int]lac$ ) great art4 ,b mu* div]g5ce f ?is rigid s*eme ( rhym+ 0 admitt$ ev5 by ,petr>*1 :o n unfrequ5tly divid$ ! six f9al l9es ( ! sonnet into ?ree c\plets1 int]wov5 9 su* a way t ! two la/ l9es nev] rhym$4#ag ,x has be5 necess>y to say ?us mu* ab\t ! /ructure ( ! ,italian sonnet1 9 ord] to make cle> ! task :i* lay be=e ,surrey & ,wyatt1 :5 !y s\ght to transplant x into ,engli%4 ,surrey did n adh]e to ! /rict fa%ion ( ,petr>*3 8 sonnets consi/ ei!r ( ?ree regul> quatra9s conclud$ ) a c\plet1 or else ( twelve l9es rhym+ alt]nately & conclud$ ) a c\plet4 ,wyatt attempt$ to foll[ ! ord] & int]lacem5t ( ! ,italian rhymes m closely1 b he too conclud$ 8 sonnet ) a c\plet4 ,?is introduction ( ! f9al c\plet 0 a violation ( ! ,italian rule1 :i* may be fairly consid]$ z prejudicial to ! h>mony ( ! :ole /ructure1 & :i* has ins5sibly caus$ ! ,engli% sonnet to t]m9ate 9 an epigram4 ,! fam\s sonnet ( ,surrey on 8 love1 ,g]ald9e1 is an excell5t example ( ! metrical /ructure z adapt$ to ! suppos$ necessities ( ,engli% rhym+1 & z aft]w>ds adh]$ to by ,%aksp]e 9 8 long s]ies ( love-poems4 ,surrey1 :ile adopt+ ! =m ( ! sonnet1 kept q cle> ( ! ,petr>*i/'s mann]ism4 ,8 language is simple & direct3 !re is no subtilis+ ^u f>-fet*$ conceits1 no wire-draw+ ( exquisite s5tim5talism1 al?\gh he celebrates 9 ?is1 z 9 8 o!r sonnets1 a lady = :om he appe>s to h ent]ta9$ no m ?an a ,platonic or imag9>y passion4 ,surrey 0 a great exp]im5tali/ 9 metre4 ,besides ! sonnet1 he introduc$ into ,engl& blank v]se1 :i* he borr[$ f ! ,italian v]si sciolti1 fix+ t decasyllable iambic rhy?m = ,engli% v]sification 9 :i* our greate/ poetical triumphs h be5 a*iev$4 ,be=e quitt+ ! subject ( ! sonnet x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be well to m5tion ! *anges :i* 7 wr\ght 9 its /ructure by e>ly poets desir\s ( emulat+ ! ,italians4 ,%aksp]e1 z already h9t$1 adh]$ to ! simple =m introduc$ by ,surrey3 8 /anzas inv>iably consi/ ( ?ree sep>ate quatra9s foll[$ by a c\plet4 ,b ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 ^: famili>ity ) ,italian lit]ature 0 intimate1 & :o _h resid$ long 9 ,italy1 p]ceiv$ t )\t a great] complexity & int]weav+ ( rhymes ! beauty ( ! poem 0 consid]ably impair$4 ,he !re=e comb9$ ! rhymes ( ! two quatra9s1 z ! ,italians _h done1 leav+ himself free to foll[ ! ,italian fa%ion 9 ! conclusion1 or else to w9d up aft] ,engli% usage ) a c\plet4 ,sp5s] & ,drummond foll[ ! rule ( ,sidney2 ,drayton & ,daniel1 t ( ,surrey & ,%aksp]e4 ,x 0 n until ,milton t an ,engli% poet pres]v$ ! =m ( ! ,italian sonnet 9 its /rictness2 b1 aft] ,milton1 ! greate/ sonnet-writ]s--,wordswor?1 ,keats1 & ,rossetti--h aim$ at produc+ /anzas z regul> z ^? ( ,petr>*4 ,! great age ( our lit]ature--! age ( ,elizabe?--0 ess5tially "o ( ,italian influ5ce4 ,9 ,italy ! ,r5aissance _h rea*$ its height3 ,engl&1 feel+ ! new life :i* _h be5 infus$ into arts & lett]s1 turn$ in/9ctively to ,italy1 & adopt$ h] canons ( ta/e4 ',euphues' has a di/9ct connection ) ! ,italian disc\rses ( polite culture4 ,sidney's ',arcadia' is a copy ( :at ,boccaccio _h attempt$ 9 8 classical romances1 & ,sanazz>o 9 8 pa/orals4#ah ,sp5s] approa*$ ! subject ( ! ',fa]y ,que5' ) 8 head full ( ,ario/o & ! romantic poets ( ,italy4 ,8 sonnets are ,italian2 8 odes embody ! ,platonic philosophy ( ! ,italians4#ai ,! ext5t ( ,sp5s]'s def]5ce to ! ,italians 9 matt]s ( poetic art may be ga!r$ f ?is passage 9 ! d$ication to ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh ( ! ',fa]y ,que53' ,i h foll[$ all ! antique poets hi/orical3 fir/ ,hom]1 :o 9 ! p]sons ( ,agamemnon & ,ulysses ha? ensampl$ a good gov]nor & a virtu\s man1 ! "o 9 8 ,ilias1 ! o!r 9 8 ,odysseis2 !n ,virgil1 ^: l int5tion 0 to d 9 ! p]son ( neas2 aft] him ,ario/o compris$ !m bo? 9 8 ,orl&o2 & lately ,tasso dissev]$ !m aga91 & =m$ bo? p>ts 9 two p]sons1 namely1 t "p :i* !y 9 ,philosophy call ,e?ice1 or virtues ( a private man1 col\r$ 9 8 ,r9aldo1 ! o!r nam$ ,politico 9 8 ,g(fr$o4 ,f ?is x is cle> t1 to ! m9d ( ,sp5s]1 bo? ,ario/o & ,tasso 7 au?orities ( h>dly less gravity ?an ,hom] & ,virgil4 ,raleigh1 9 ! spl5did sonnet ) :i* he responds to ?is d$ication1 enhances ! fame ( ,sp5s] by affect+ to believe t ! great ,italian1 ,petr>*1 w be jeal\s ( him 9 ! grave4 ,to su* an ext5t 7 ! ?\ghts ( ! ,engli% poets occupi$ ) _! ,italian ma/]s 9 ! art ( song4 ,x 0 at ?is "t1 aga91 t ,engli% lit]ature 0 enri*$ by translations ( ,ario/o & ,tasso--! "o f ! p5 ( ,sir ,john ,h>r+ton1 ! o!r f t ( ,fairfax4 ,bo? 7 produc$ 9 ! metre ( ! orig9al--! octave /anza1 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n at t p]iod take root 9 ,engl&4 ,at ! same p]iod ! works ( _m ( ! ,italian noveli/s1 especially ,b&ello & ,c9?io & ,boccaccio1 7 translat$ into ,engli%2 ,pa9t]'s ',palace ( ,pleasure' be+ a treasure-h\se ( ,italian works ( fiction4 ,?omas ,hoby translat$ ,ca/iglione's ',c\rti]' 9 #aefa4 ,z a pro( ( ! ext5t to :i* ,italian books 7 read 9 ,engl& at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we may take a /ray s5t5ce f a lett] ( ,h>vey1 9 :i* he disp>ages ! works ( ,rob]t ,gre5e3--',ev5 ,guicci>d9e's silv] hi/ories & ,ario/o's gold5 cantos gr[ out ( reque/3 & ! ,c\ntess ( ,pembroke's ,arcadia is n gre5 en\gh = queasy /oma*s2 b !y mu/ h se5 ,gre5e's ,arcadia1 & ,i believe mo/ eag]ly long$ = ,gre5e's ,fa]y ,que54' ,/ill m may be ga!r$ on ! same topic f ! indignant prote/ utt]$ by ,rog] ,as*am 9 8 ',s*oolma/]' 7pp4 #gh-ia1 date #aegj7 aga9/ ! preval5ce ( ,italian cu/oms1 ! habit ( ,italian travel1 & ! read+ ( ,italian books translat$ into ,engli%4 ,selections ( ,italian /ories r5d]$ into ,engli% 7 extremely popul>2 & ,gre5e's tales1 :i* _h su* vogue t ,na% says ( !m1 'glad 0 t pr9t] t might be s ble/ to pay him de> = ! v dregs ( 8 wit1' 7 all modell$ on ! ,italian4 ,! education ( a "y man ( good family 0 n ?\ght complete unless he _h sp5t "s "t 9 ,italy1 /udi$ its lit]ature1 admir$ its arts1 & caught at lea/ "s t9cture ( its mann]s4 ,our rude ance/ors br\ght back ) !m f ^! j\rneys _m ,s\!rn vices1 toge!r ) ! culture !y _h gone to seek4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! pla9 deal+ ( ! ,nor? & ! ref9$ ,ma*iavellism ( ! ,s\?1 betwe5 ,prote/ant e>ne/ness 9 religion & ,popi% scepticism1 betwe5 ! homely virtues ( ,engl& & ! c\rtly lib]t9ism ( ,v5ice or ,flor5ce1 blunt$ ! moral s5se1 :ile x /imulat$ ! intellectual activity ( ! ,engli% travell]s1 & too (t5 communicat$ a fatal %ock to _! pr9ciples4 ,+lese ,italianato un diavolo inc>nato pass$ into a prov]b3 we f9d x on ! lips ( ,p>k]1 ( ,h[ell1 ( ,sidney1 ( ,gre5e1 & ( ,as*am2 :ile ,italy itself 0 /yl$ by sev]e morali/s ! c\rt ( ,circe4 ,9 ,james ,h[ell's ',in/ructions = =re9e travell' we f9d ?is pregnant s5t5ce3 ',& be+ n[ 9 ,italy1 t great limbique ( work+ bra9es1 he mu/ be v circumspect 9 8 c>riage1 = %e is able to turne a ,sa9t into a devill1 & deprave ! be/ natures1 if "o w ab&on himselfe1 & become a prey to dissolut c\rses & wantonesse4' ,italy1 9 tru?1 _h already become corrupt1 & ! fruit ( h] contact ) ! nations ( ! ,nor? 0 se5 9 ! lives ( su* s*ol>s z ,rob]t ,gre5e1 :o confess$ t he return$ f 8 travels in/ruct$ '9 all ! villanies "u ! sun4' ,_m ( ! sc&als ( ! ,c\rt ( ,james might be ascrib$ to ?is ap+ ( ,s\!rn mann]s4 ,yet1 toge!r ) ! evil ( deprav$ morality1 ! advantage ( improv$ culture 0 import$ f ,italy into ,engl&2 & ! con/itution ( ! ,engli% g5ius 0 "y & heal?y en\gh to purge (f ! mis*ief1 :ile x assimilat$ :at 0 b5eficial4 ,?is is v manife/ 9 ! hi/ory ( our drama1 :i*1 tak+ x altoge!r1 is at ! same "t ! pure/ & ! mo/ v>i$ t exi/s 9 lit]ature2 :ile x may be affirm$ )\t exagg]ation t "o ( ! ma9 impulses to free dramatic composition 9 ,engl& 0 communicat$ by ! attraction ev]y?+ ,italian possess$ = ! ,engli% fancy4 ,x 0 9 ! drama t ! ,engli% display$ ! ri*ness & ! spl5d\r ( ! ,r5aissance1 :i* _h blaz$ s gorge\sly & at times s balefully bel[ ! ,alps4 ,! ,italy ( ! ,r5aissance fasc9at$ our dramati/s ) a /range wild glam\r--! contra/ ( ext]nal pageant & int]nal trag$y1 ! alt]nations ( radiance & gloom1 ! t]rible examples ( blood%$1 treason1 & h]oism em]g5t f gha/ly crimes4 ,our drama began ) a translation ( ,ario/o's ',suppositi' & end$ ) ,dav5ant's ',j ,italian4' ,9 ! v dawn ( tragic composition ,gre5e v]sifi$ a portion ( ! ',orl&o ,furioso1' & ,m>l[e devot$ "o ( 8 mo/ brilliant /udies to ! villanies ( a ,maltese ,jew4 ,( ,%aksp]e's plays five are inconte/ably ,italian3 sev]al ( ! re/ are furni%$ ) ,italian names to suit ! popul> ta/e4 ,b5 ,jonson laid ! sc5e ( 8 mo/ subtle com$y ( mann]s1 ',volpone1' 9 ,v5ice1 & sket*$ ! fir/ ca/ ( ',e ,man 9 8 ,hum\r' = ,italian *>act]s4 ,t\rneur1 ,=d1 & ,web/] 7 s dazzl$ by ! tragic lu/re ( ! wick$ness ( ,italy t _! f9e/ dramas1 )\t exception1 are m9ute & c>efully /udi$ psy*ological analyses ( great ,italian tales ( crime4 ,! same1 9 a less degree1 is true ( ,middleton & ,dekk]4 ,mass+] makes a /ory ( ! ,s=za family ! subject ( "o ( 8 be/ plays4 ,beaumont & ,flet*] draw ! subjects ( com$ies & trag$ies alike f ! ,italian noveli/s4 ,flet*] 9 8 ',fai?ful ,%eph]dess' transf]s ! pa/oral /yle ( ,tasso & ,gu>9i to ! ,nor?4 ,s close is ! connection betwe5 our trag$y & ,italian novels t ,m>/on & ,=d ?9k fit to introduce passages ( ,italian dialogue into ! plays ( ',giovanni & ,annabella' & ',antonio & ,mellida4' ,b ! be/ pro( ( ! ext5t to :i* ,italian life & lit]ature _h influ5c$ our dramati/s1 may be easily obta9$ by tak+ d[n ,halliwell's ',diction>y ( ,old ,plays1' & notic+ t ab\t e ?ird drama has an ,italian title4 ,mean:ile ! poems compos$ by ! *ief dramati/s--,%aksp]e's ',v5us & ,adonis1' ,m>l[e's ',h]o & ,le&]1' ,m>/on's ',pygmalion1' & ,beaumont's ',h]maphrodite'--are all ( !m conceiv$ 9 ! ,italian /yle1 by m5 :o _h ei!r /udi$ ,s\!rn lit]ature1 or _h submitt$ to its p[]ful /hetic influ5ces4 ,! ,masques1 moreov]1 ( ,jonson1 ( ,lyly1 ( ,flet*]1 & ( ,*apman are exact reproductions ^u ! ,engli% c\rt !atres ( su* fe/ival pageants z 7 pres5t$ to ! ,m$ici at ,flor5ce or to ! ,e/e family at ,f]r>a4#bj ,?r\gh\t our drama ! influ5ce ( ,italy1 direct or indirect1 ei!r z supply+ our playwrights ) subjects or z /imulat+ _! imag9ation1 may ?us be trac$4 ,yet ! ,elizabe?an drama is 9 ! highe/ s5se orig9al4 ,z a "w ( art pregnant ) deepe/ wisdom1 & spl5didly illu/rative ( ! age :i* gave x bir?1 x f> transc5ds any?+ t ,italy produc$ 9 ! same dep>tm5t4 ,our poets h a m mascul9e judgm5t1 m fi]y fancy1 nobl] s5tim5t1 ?an ! ,italians ( any age b t ( ,dante4 ,:at ,italy gave1 0 ! impulse t[>d creation1 n patt]ns to be imitat$--! excitem5t ( ! imag9ation by a spectacle ( s mu* gr&eur1 n rules & precepts = production--! ke5 s5se ( tragic beauty1 n any tradition ( accompli%$ art4 ,! ,elizabe?an p]iod ( our lit]ature 01 9 fact1 ! p]iod dur+ :i* we d]iv$ mo/ f ! ,italian nation4 ,! /udy ( ! ,italian language w5t h& 9 h& ) ! /udy ( ,greek & ,lat91 s t ! ?ree toge!r contribut$ to =m ! ,engli% ta/e4 ,betwe5 u & ! anci5t _w /ood ! g5ius ( ,italy z an int]pret]4 ,nor 0 ?is connection brok5 until f> on into ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,:at ,milton ow$ to ,italy is cle> n only f 8 ,italian sonnets1 b also f ! frequ5t m5tion ( ,dante & ,petr>* 9 8 prose works1 f 8 allusions to ,boi>do & ,ario/o 9 ! ',p>adise ,lo/1' & f ! h9ts :i* he probably d]iv$ f ,pulci1 ,tasso & ,&re9i4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be easy ?r\gh\t 8 works to trace a cont9u\s ve9 ( ,italian influ5ce 9 detail4 ,b1 m ?an ?is1 ,milton's poetical ta/e 9 g5]al seems to h be5 =m$ & rip5$ by famili>ity ) ! h>monies ( ! ,italian language4 ,9 8 ,tractate on ,education address$ to ,mr4 ,h>tlib1 he recomm5ds t boys %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 ! ,italian pronunciation ( v[el s\nds1 9 ord] to give sonor\sness & dignity to elocution4 ,?is slight indication supplies u ) a key to ! me?od ( melodi\s /ructure employ$ by ,milton 9 8 blank v]se4 ,^? :o h c>efully /udi$ ! h>monies ( ! ',p>adise ,lo/1' "k h[ all-important are ! assonances ( ! v[el s\nds ( o & a 9 its mo/ musical passages4 ,x is j ?is att5tion to ! liquid & sonor\s recurr5ces ( op5 v[els t we %\ld expect f a poet :o propos$ to assimilate 8 diction to t ( ! ,italians4 ,aft] ! age ( ,milton ! connection betwe5 ,italy & ,engl& is int]rupt$4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,italy h]self _h sunk into comp>ative /upor1 & h] lit]ature 0 trivial4 ,france n only sway$ ! political de/9ies ( ,europe1 b also took ! lead 9 intellectual culture4 ,consequ5tly1 our poets turn$ f ,italy to ,france1 & ! ,fr5* _s p]vad$ ,engli% lit]ature ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( ! ,re/oration & ! reigns ( ,william & ,que5 ,anne4 ,yet dur+ ?is prolong$ reaction aga9/ ! e>li] movem5t ( ,engli% lit]ature1 z manife/$ 9 ,elizabe?anism1 ! influ5ce ( ,italy 0 n :olly ext9ct4 ,dryd5's ',tales f ,boccaccio' are no insignificant contribution to our poetry1 & 8 ',palamon & ,arcite1' ?r\gh ,*auc]1 returns to ! same s\rce4 ,b :51 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 ! ,elizabe?an tradition 0 reviv$1 !n ! ,italian influ5ce reappe>$ m vigor\s ?an ev]4 ,! metre ( ',don ,juan1' fir/ practis$ by ,fr]e & !n adopt$ by ,"l ,byron1 is ,pulci's octave /anza2 ! mann] is t ( ,b]ni1 ,fol5go1 & ! ,abb ,ca/i1 fus$ & height5$ by ! brilliance ( ,byron's g5ius into a new =m4 ,! subject ( ,%elley's /ronge/ "w ( art is ,beatrice ,c5ci4 ,rog]s's poem is /yl$ ',italy4' ,byron's dramas are *iefly ,italian4 ,leigh ,hunt repeats ! tale ( ,francesca da ,rim9i4 ,keats v]sifies ,boccaccio's ',isabella4' ,pass+ to contempor>y poets1 ,rossetti has acclimatis$ 9 ,engli% ! metres & ! mann] ( ! e>lie/ ,italian lyri/s4 ,sw9burne d$icates 8 noble/ song to ! _s ( lib]ty 9 ,italy4 ,ev5 ,george ,eliot & ,t5nyson h ea* ( !m turn$ /ories ( ,boccaccio into v]se4 ,! be/ ( ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s poems1 ',casa ,guidi ,w9d[s' & ',aurora ,leigh1' are /eep$ 9 ,italian ?\ght & ,italian imag]y4 ,br[n+'s longe/ poem is a tale ( ,italian crime2 8 f9e/ /udies 9 ! ',m5 & ,wom5' are portraits ( ,italian "* ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod4 ,b !re is m ?an any m]e enum]ation ( poets & _! "w c set =?1 9 ! connection betwe5 ,italy & ,engl&4 ,t connection1 s f> z ! poetical imag9ation is conc]n$1 is vital4 ,z poets 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 we ,engli% live & brea! ?r\gh sympa?y ) ! ,italians4 ,! magnetic t\* :i* is requir$ to inflame ! imag9ation ( ! ,nor?1 is d]iv$ f ,italy4 ,! night+ales ( ,engli% song :o make our oak & bee* copses resonant 9 spr+ ) pure/ melody1 are migratory birds1 :o h *>g$ _! s\ls 9 ! ,s\? ) ! _s ( beauty1 & :o return to w>ble native wood-notes 9 a tongue :i* is _! own4 ,:at has hi!rto be5 said ab\t ! debt ( ! ,engli% poets to ,italy1 may seem to imply t our lit]ature c be reg>d$ z to "s ext5t a p>asite on t ( ! ,italians4 ,aga9/ su* a conclusion no prote/ too en]getic c\ld be utt]$4 ,:at we h d]iv$ directly f ! ,italian poets are1 fir/1 "s metres--especially ! sonnet & ! octave /anza1 ?\gh ! latt] has nev] tak5 firm root 9 ,engl&4 ',t]za rima1' attempt$ by ,%elley1 ,byron1 ,morris1 & ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 has n yet become acclimatis$4 ,blank v]se1 al?\gh orig9ally remodell$ by ,surrey ^u ! v]si sciolti ( ! ,italians1 has dep>t$ widely f ,italian prec$5t1 fir/ by its decasyllabic /ructure1 :]eas ,italian v]se consi/s ( h5decasyllables2 &1 secondly1 by its great] =ce1 pla/icity1 & fre$om4 ,! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 aga91 is a new & orig9al metre peculi> to our lit]ature2 ?\gh x is possible t b = ! complex /ructures ( ,italian lyric v]se1 x might n h be5 fa%ion$ = ! ',fa]y ,que54' ,la/ly1 ! s-call$ h]oic c\plet is native to ,engl&2 at any rate1 x is 9 no way relat$ to ,italian metre4 ,!re=e ! only true ,italian exotic adopt$ )\t modification into our lit]ature is ! sonnet4 ,9 ! next place1 we owe to ! ,italians ! subject-matt] ( _m ( our mo/ fam\s dramas & our mo/ delightful tales 9 v]se4 ,b ! ,engli% treatm5t ( ^! hi/ories & fables has be5 uni=mly indep5d5t & orig9al4 ,comp>+ ,%aksp]e's ',romeo & ,juliet' ) ,b&ello's tale1 ,web/]'s ',du*ess ( ,malfy' ) ! v]sion giv5 f ! ,italian 9 ,pa9t]'s ',palace ( ,pleasure1' & ,*auc]'s ,knight's ,tale ) ! ',teseide' ( ,boccaccio1 we p]ceive at once t ! ,engli% poets h us$ _! ,italian models m]ely z outl9es to be fill$ 9 ) fre$om1 z ! canvas to be embroid]$ ) a tape/ry ( vivid gr\ps4 ,no?+ is m manife/ ?an ! sup]iority ( ! ,engli% g5ius ov] ! ,italian 9 all dramatic qualities ( int5se passion1 pr(\nd analysis1 & liv+ portrayal ( "* 9 action4 ,! m]e r\gh detail ( ,%aksp]e's ',o!llo' is to be f\nd 9 ,c9?io's ,collection ( ,novelle2 b let an unprejudic$ read] p]use ! orig9al1 & he w be no m deeply affect$ by x ?an by any t\*+ /ory ( trea*]y1 jeal\sy1 & hapless innoc5ce4 ,! wily subtleties ( ,iago1 ! soldi]ly frankness ( ,cassio1 ! turbul5t & volcanic passions ( ,o!llo1 ! *>m ( ,desdemona1 & ! :ole tissue ( vivid incid5ts :i* make ',o!llo' "o ( ! mo/ trem5d\s extant trag$ies ( *>act]s 9 combat1 are ,%aksp]e's1 & only ,%aksp]e's4 ,?is in/ance1 inde$1 enables u exactly to indicate :at ! ,engli% ow$ to ,italy & :at 0 ess5tially _! own4 ,f t ,s\!rn l& ( ,circe ab\t :i* !y dream$1 & :i* n[ & !n !y visit$1 came to _! imag9ations a _s-/irr+ brea? ( inspiration4 ,x 0 to !m ! c\ntry ( m>vels1 ( my/]i\s crimes1 ( luxuri\s g>d5s & spl5did skies1 :]e love 0 m passionate & life m picturesque1 & hate m bloody & trea*]y m black1 ?an 9 our ,nor!rn climes4 ,italy 0 a spaci\s grove ( wiz>dry1 :i* mighty poets1 on ! que/ ( fanciful adv5ture1 trod ) fasc9at$ s5ses & quick5$ pulses4 ,b ! /rong bra9 :i* conv]t$ :at !y he>d & read & saw ( t *>m$ l& into ! /uff ( gold5 romance or sable trag$y1 0 _! own4 ,engli% lit]ature has be5 def9$ a lit]ature ( g5ius4 ,our greate/ "w 9 art has be5 a*iev$ n s mu* by inspiration1 subord9ate to s5tim5ts ( exquisite good ta/e or guid$ by obs]vance ( classical models1 z by audaci\s sallies ( pure inv5tive p[]4 ,?is is true z a judgm5t ( t con/ellation :i* we call our drama1 ( ! meteor ,byron1 ( ,milton & ,dryd51 :o are ! ,jupit] & ,m>s ( our poetic sy/em1 & ( ! />s :i* /ud our lit]>y firmam5t "u ! names ( ,%elley1 ,keats1 ,wordswor?1 ,*att]ton1 ,scott1 ,col]idge1 ,cl\gh1 ,blake1 ,br[n+1 ,sw9burne1 ,t5nyson4 ,!re are only a v few ( ! ,engli% poets1 ,pope & ,gray1 = example1 9 :om ! free in/9cts ( g5ius are kept sy/ematically 9 *eck by ! laws ( ! reflective und]/&+4 ,n[ ,italian lit]ature is 9 ?is respect all unlike our own4 ,x began1 inde$1 ) ,dante1 z a lit]ature pre-em95tly ( g5ius2 b ! _s ( s*ol>%ip assum$ ! sway z e>ly z ! days ( ,petr>* & ,boccaccio1 & aft] !m ,italian has be5 consi/5tly a lit]ature ( ta/e4 ,by ?is ,i mean t ev5 ! greate/ ,italian poets h s\ght to r5d] _! /yle correct1 h endeav\r$ to subord9ate _! inspiration to :at !y consid]$ ! rules ( s\nd criticism1 & h paid s]i\s att5tion to _! mann] z indep5d5t ( ! matt] !y wi%$ to express4 ,! passion = antiquity1 s e>ly develop$ 9 ,italy1 deliv]$ ! lat] ,italian poets b\nd h& & foot into ! h&s ( ,horace4 ,poliziano 0 cont5t to reproduce ! classic au?ors 9 a mosaic "w ( exquisite translations4 ,tasso 0 ess5tially a man ( tal5t1 produc+ "w ( *a/5$ beauty by dilig5t att5tion to ! rule & me?od ( 8 art4 ,ev5 ,ario/o submitt$ ! lib]ty ( 8 swift _s to canons ( prescrib$ elegance4 ,:ile our ,engli% poets h conceiv$ & execut$ )\t reg>d = ! op9ion ( ! le>n$ & )\t ob$i5ce to ! usages ( language--,%aksp]e1 = example1 produc+ trag$ies :i* set ,ari/otle at defiance1 & ,milton engraft+ ,lat9isms on ! native idiom--! ,italian poets ?\ght & wrote ) ! fe> ( ,academies be=e _! eyes1 & /udi$ be=e all ?+s to ma9ta9 ! purity ( ! ,tuscan tongue4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! ,italian & ,engli% lit]atures are em95t = v diff]5t excell5ces4 ,all t is =cible 9 ! dramatic pres5tation ( life & "* & action1 all t is audaci\s 9 imag9ation & caprici\s 9 fancy1 :atev] /r5g? /yle c ga9 f ! sallies ( orig9al & untrammell$ eloqu5ce1 :atev] beauty is d]iv$ f spontaneity & native grace1 belong 9 abundant ri*ness to ! ,engli%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,italian poets pres5t u ) ma/]pieces ( correct & /udi$ diction1 ) c>efully elaborat$ ma*9]y1 & ) a /yle ma9ta9$ at a uni=m level ( dignifi$ correctness4 ,! weakness ( ! ,engli% proce$s f inequality & extravagance2 x is ! weakness ( self-confid5t vig\r1 intol]ant ( rule1 rejoic+ 9 its own exub]ant res\rces4 ,! weakness ( ! ,italian is due to timidity & mod]ation2 x is ! weakness t spr+s n s mu* f a lack ( native /r5g? z f ! ov]-anxi\s exp5diture ( /r5g? ^u ! atta9m5t ( f9i%1 poli%1 & correctness4 ,h5ce ! two nations h ev]y?+ to le>n f "o ano!r4 ,mod]n ,italian poets may seek by contact ) ,%aksp]e & ,milton to ga9 a fre$om f ! trammels impos$ ^u !m by ! slavi% foll[]s ( ,petr>*2 :ile ! att5tive p]usal ( ,tasso %\ld be recomm5d$ to all ,engli% p :o h no ready access to ! ma/]pieces ( ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,ano!r po9t ( view may be ga9$ by notic+ ! pre-dom9ant tone ( ! two lit]atures4 ,:5ev] ,engli% poetry is really great1 x approximates to ! tragic & ! /ately2 :]eas ! ,italians are peculi>ly felicit\s 9 ! smoo? & pleasant /yle1 :i* comb9es pa?os ) amusem5t1 & :i* does n trespass beyond ! region ( beauty into ! doma9 ( sublimity or t]ror4 ,italian poetry is analog\s to ,italian pa9t+ & ,italian music3 x ba!s ! s\l 9 a pl5itude ( *>ms1 inve/+ ev5 ! mo/ solemn subjects ) lovel9ess4 ,rembr&t & ,alb]t ,dr] depict ! trag$ies ( ! ,sacr$ ,hi/ory ) a s]i\s & awful reality3 ,italian pa9t]s1 ) a few r>e b illu/ri\s exceptions1 %r9k f approa*+ !m f any po9t ( view b t ( h>moni\s melan*oly4 ,ev5 s ! ,engli% poets /ir ! s\l to its v dep?s by _! pr(\nd & e>ne/ del9eations ( ! /]n & bitt] tru?s ( ! _w3 ,italian poets environ all ?+s ) ! gold5 haze ( an arti/ic h>mony2 s t ! s\l is agitat$ by no pa9 at /rife ) ! p]suasions ( pure beauty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,popul> ,,songs ,,( ,,tuscany ,x is a noticeable fact ab\t ! popul> songs ( ,tuscany t !y are almo/ exclusively devot$ to love4 ,! ,italians 9 g5]al h no ballad lit]ature resembl+ t ( our ,bord] or t ( ,spa94 ,! tragic hi/ories ( _! noble families1 ! great de$s ( _! national h]oes1 & ! suff]+s ( _! c\ntry dur+ c5turies ( w>f>e1 h left b few traces 9 _! ru/ic poetry4 ,x is true t "s di/ricts are less utt]ly b>r5 ?an o!rs 9 ^! records ( ! pa/4 ,! ,sicilian p's poetry1 = example1 pres]ves a memory ( ! fam\s ,vesp]s2 & "o or two t]rible /ories ( dome/ic trag$y1 l ! tale ( ,rosmunda 9 ',la ,donna ,lomb>da1' ! romance ( ! ,b>onessa di ,c>9i1 & ! s-call$ ,caso di ,sciacca1 may /ill be he>d ^u ! lips ( ! p4 ,b ^! exceptions are insignificant 9 comp>ison ) ! va/ mass ( songs :i* deal ) love2 & ,i _c f9d t ,tuscany1 :]e ! language ( ?is m9/relsy is pure/1 & :]e ! arti/ic in/9cts ( ! race are /ronge/1 has any?+ at all approa*+ to our ballads4#ba ,?\gh ! ,tuscan contad9i are always s++1 x r>ely happ5s t ,! pla9tive numb]s fl[ ,= old1 unhappy1 f>-(f ?+s1 ,& battles long ago4 ,on ! contr>y1 we may be sure1 :5 we he> _! voices r++ ?r\gh ! olive-groves or mac*i1 t !y are *ant+ ,"s m humble lay1 ,famili> matt] ( to-day1-- ,"s natural sorr[1 loss1 or pa91 ,t has be51 & may be aga92 or else1 s9ce _! melodies are by no means uni=mly sad1 "s ditty ( ! joy\sness ( spr+time or ! ec/asy ( love4 ,?is defect ( any?+ correspond+ to our ballads ( ',*evy ,*ase1' or ',sir ,patrick ,sp5s1' or ',gil ,morrice1' 9 a poetry :i* is /ill s vital ) ! life ( pa/ c5turies1 is all ! m rem>kable because ,italian hi/ory is di/+ui%$ above t ( o!r nations by tragic episodes peculi>ly suit$ to poetic treatm5t4 ,_m ( ^! receiv$ commemoration 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury f ,dante2 o!rs 7 embodi$ 9 ! novelle ( ,boccaccio & ,c9?io & ,b&ello1 :5ce !y pass$ into ! dramas ( ,%aksp]e1 ,web/]1 ,=d1 & _! contempor>ies4 ,b sc>cely an e*o c be trac$ ?r\gh all ! volumes ( ! rec5tly collect$ popul> songs4 ,we mu/ seek = an explanation ( ?is fact p>tly 9 ! conditions ( ,italian life1 & p>tly 9 ! nature ( ! ,italian imag9ation4 ,n[h]e 9 ,italy d we obs]ve t intimate connection betwe5 ! p at l>ge & ! great nobles :i* g5]ates ! sympa?y ( clan%ip4 ,politics 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! p59sula fell at a v e>ly p]iod into ! h&s ei!r ( irresponsible pr9ces1 :o rul$ l despots1 or else ( burgh]s1 :o adm9i/]$ ! /ate )9 ! walls ( _! ,palazzo ,pubblico4 ,! p rema9$ passive spectators ( contempor>y hi/ory4 ,! loyalty ( subjects to _! sov]eign :i* animates ! ,spani% ballads1 ! loyalty ( reta9]s to _! *ief :i* gives life to ! tragic ballads ( ! ,bord]1 did n exi/ 9 ,italy4 ,c\ntry-folk felt no int]e/ 9 ! do+s ( ,visconti or ,m$ici or ,malate/i suffici5t to ar\se ! en?usiasm ( local b>ds or to call =? ! celebration ( _! pr9cely trag$ies 9 v]se4 ,amid ! mis]ies ( =eign w>s & home oppression1 x seem$ bett] to dem& f v]se & song "s mitigation ( ! woes ( life1 "s expression ( p]sonal emotion1 ?an to record ! disa/]s :i* to u at a di/ance appe> poetic 9 _! gr&eur4 ,^! conditions ( popul> life1 al?\gh unfav\rable to ! production ( ballad poetry1 w\ld n1 h[ev]1 h be5 suffici5t by !mselves to *eck its gr[?1 if ! ,italians _h be5 /rongly impell$ to lit]ature ( ?is type by _! nature4 ,! real reason :y _! ,volksli$] are amor\s & p]sonal is to be f\nd 9 ! quality ( _! imag9ation4 ,! ,italian g5ius is n creatively imag9ative 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,! ,italians h nev]1 ei!r 9 ! anci5t or ! mod]n age1 produc$ a great drama or a national epic1 ! 'neid' & ! ',div9e ,com$y' be+ obvi\sly ( diff]5t species f ! ',iliad' or ! ',nibelung5 ,li$4' ,mod]n ,italians1 aga91 are di/+ui%$ f ! ,fr5*1 ! ,g]mans1 & ! ,engli% 9 be+ ! consci\s inh]itors ( an old]1 augu/1 & /rictly classical civilisation4 ,! great memories ( ,rome weigh d[n _! faculties ( inv5tion4 ,x w\ld also seem z ?\gh !y %rank 9 _! poetry f ! repres5tation ( :at is tragic & _s-/irr+4 ,!y incl9e to :at is *e]ful1 brilliant1 or pa!tic4 ,! dramatic elem5t 9 human life1 ext]nal to ! p]sonality ( ! poet1 :i* ex]cis$ s /rong a fasc9ation ov] our ballad-b>ds & playwrights1 has b little attraction = ! ,italian4 ,:5 he s+s1 he seeks to express 8 own individual emotions--8 love1 8 joy1 8 jeal\sy1 8 ang]1 8 despair4 ,! language :i* he uses is at ! same "t direct 9 its int5sity1 & hyp]bolical 9 its display ( fancy2 b x lacks ^? imag9ative t\*es :i* exalt ! poetry ( p]sonal passion into a sublim] region4 ,aga91 ! ,italians are defici5t 9 a s5se ( ! sup]natural4 ,! wrai?s t _c re/ because _! love is /ill unsatisfi$1 ! voices :i* cry by night ov] field & fell1 ! wat]-spirits & =e/ fairies1 ! second-sight ( com+ woes1 ! pres5tim5t ( dea?1 ! w>n+s & ! *>ms & spells1 :i* fill ! popul> poetry ( all ,nor!rn nations1 are abs5t 9 ,italian songs4 ,9 ! :ole ( ,tigri's collection ,i only rememb] "o m5tion ( a gho/4 ,x is n t ! ,italians are defici5t 9 sup]/itions ( all k9ds4 ,e "o has he>d ( _! belief 9 ! evil eye1 = in/ance4 ,b !y d n connect ?is k9d ( feti*ism ) _! poetry2 & ev5 _! greate/ poets1 ) ! exception ( ,dante1 h %[n no capacity or no incl9ation = enhanc+ ! imag9ative effect ( _! creations by an appeal to ! in/9ct ( my/]i\s awe4 ,! tru? is t ! ,italians z a race are di/+ui%$ z mu* by a firm grasp ^u ! practical realities ( exi/5ce z by p[]ful emotions4 ,!y h b little ( t dreamy ,s*wrm]ei ) :i* ! p ( ! ,nor? are l>gely gift$4 ,! true sph]e ( _! g5ius is pa9t+4 ,:at appeals to ! imag9ation ?r\gh ! eyes1 !y h express$ f> bett] ?an any o!r mod]n nation4 ,b _! poetry1 l _! music1 is defici5t 9 tragic sublimity & 9 ! high] qualities ( imag9ative creation4 ,x may seem p>adoxical to say ?is ( ! nation :i* produc$ ,dante4 ,b we mu/ rememb] n to judge races by s+le & exceptional m5 ( g5ius4 ,petr>*1 ! ,tr\bad\r ( exquisite emotions1 ,boccaccio1 :o t\*es all ! keys ( life s lightly1 ,ario/o1 ) ! smile ( ev]la/+ ,april on 8 lips1 & ,tasso1 excell5t alone :5 he conf9es himself to pa?os or ! picturesque1 are no exceptions to :at ,i h j said4 ,yet ^! poets pursu$ _! art ) consci\s purpose4 ,! tragic spl5d\r ( ,greece1 ! maje/y ( ,rome1 7 n unkn[n to !m4 ,f> m is x true t popul> poetry 9 ,italy1 proce$+ f ! he>ts ( uncultivat$ peasants & express+ ! national "* 9 its simplicity1 displays none ( ! /uff f :i* ! greate/ works ( art 9 v]se1 epics & dramas1 c be wr\ght4 ,b )9 its own sph]e ( p]sonal emotion1 ?is popul> poetry is exquisitely melodi\s1 inexhau/ibly ri*1 unique 9 mod]n lit]ature = ! direct expression :i* x has giv5 to e %ade ( passion4 ,signor ,tigri's collection1#bb to :i* ,i %all conf9e my att5tion 9 ?is pap]1 consi/s ( elev5 hundr$ & eighty-five rispetti1 ) ! addition ( f\r hundr$ & sixty-"o /ornelli4 ,rispetto1 x may be said 9 pass+1 is ! "n commonly giv5 ?r\gh\t ,italy to %ort poems1 v>y+ f six to twelve l9es1 con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! octave /anza4 ,t is to say1 ! fir/ "p ( ! rispetto consi/s ( f\r or six l9es ) alt]nate rhymes1 :ile "o or m c\plets1 call$ ! ripresa1 complete ! poem4#bc ,! /ornello1 or rit\rnelle1 nev] exce$s ?ree l9es1 & owes its "n to ! return :i* x makes at ! end ( ! la/ l9e to ! rhyme giv5 by ! emphatic ^w ( ! fir/4 ,br[n+1 9 8 poem ( ',fra ,lippo ,lippi1' has accu/om$ ,engli% e>s to "o common species ( ! /ornello1#bd :i* sets out ) ! "n ( a fl[]1 & rhymes ) x1 z ?us3 ,fior di n>ciso4 ,prigion]o d'amore mi son reso1 ,nel rimir>e il tuo leggiadro viso4 ,! divisions ( ^? two sorts ( songs1 to :i* ,tigri gives names l ,! ,beauty ( ,wom51 ,! ,beauty ( ,m51 ,fall+ 9 ,love1 ,s]5ades1 ,happy ,love1 ,unhappy ,love1 ,p>t+1 ,abs5ce1 ,lett]s1 ,return to ,home1 ,ang] & ,jeal\sy1 ,promises1 ,entreaties & ,reproa*es1 ,indiff]5ce1 ,trea*]y & ,ab&onm5t1 prove ) :at fulness ! v>i\s phases ( ! t5d] passion are treat$4 ,?r\gh ! :ole fifte5 hundr$ ! "o !me ( ,love is nev] rel9qui%$4 ,only two p]sons1 ',i' & '?\1' appe> ^u ! sc5e2 yet s fre% & s v>i\s are ! moods ( feel+1 t "o c read !m f fir/ to la/ )\t too mu* satiety4 ,to seek = ! au?ors ( ^! ditties w\ld be useless4 ,"s ( !m may be z old z ! f\rte5? c5tury2 o!rs may h be5 made ye/]day4 ,"s are ! native product ( ! ,tuscan m\nta9 villages1 especially ( ! regions r\nd ,pi/oja & ,si5a1 :]e on ! spurs ( ! ,ap5n9es ! pure/ ,italian is v]nacul>4 ,"s1 aga91 are importations f o!r prov9ces1 especially f ,sicily & ,naples1 caught up by ! peasants ( ,tuscany & adapt$ to _! ta/e & /yle2 = no?+ travels fa/] ?an a ,volksli$4 ,born "s morn+ 9 a noisy /reet ( ,naples1 or on ! solit>y slopes ( ,radic(ani1 be=e ! week is out1 a hundr$ voices are repeat+ x4 ,waggon]s & p$l>s c>ry x across ! hills to di/ant t[ns4 ,x floats ) ! fi%]m5 f bay to bay1 & m>*es ) ! conscript to 8 b>rack 9 a f>-(f prov9ce4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ to give x %ape & =m8 ,no "o asks1 & no "o c>es4 ,a /ud5t well acqua9t$ ) ! habits ( ! p 9 ^! matt]s says1 ',if !y knew ! au?or ( a ditty1 !y w\ld n le>n x1 f> less if !y discov]$ t x 0 a s*ol>'s4' ,if ! cad5ce takes _! e>1 !y consecrate ! song at once by plac+ x ^u ! hon\r$ li/ ( 'anci5t lays4' ,pass+ f lip to lip & f di/rict to di/rict1 x receives additions & alt]ations1 & becomes ! prop]ty ( a score ( prov9ces4 ,mean:ile ! poet f ^: s\l x blossom$ t fir/ morn+ l a fl[]1 rema9s cont5t$ ) obscurity4 ,! w9d has c>ri$ f 8 lips ! ?i/l$[n ( song1 & s[n x on a hundr$ hills & mead[s1 f> & wide4 ,aft] su* wise is ! bir? ( all truly popul> compositions4 ,:o kn[s1 = in/ance1 ! v]itable au?or ( _m ( ^? mighty ,g]man *orals :i* sprang into be+ at ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation8 ,! fir/ inspiration 0 giv51 probably1 to a s+le m9d2 b ! melody1 z x has rea*$ u1 is ! product ( a ?\s&4 ,?is acc\nts = ! v>iations :i* 9 diff]5t dialects & di/ricts ! same song pres5ts4 ,mean:ile1 x is sometimes possible to trace ! au?or%ip ( a ballad ) m>k$ local "* to an improvisatore fam\s 9 8 village1 or to "o ( ^? pr(essional rhyme/]s :om ! c\ntry-folk employ 9 ! composition ( love-lett]s to _! swee!>ts at a di/ance4#be ,tommaseo1 9 ! preface to 8 ',canti ,popol>i1' m5tions 9 p>ticul> a ,beatrice di ,pian degli ,ontani1 ^: poetry 0 fam\s ?r\gh ! m\nta9s ( ,pi/oja2 & ,tigri records by "n a little girl call$ ,*]ub9a1 :o made rispetti by ! doz5 z %e wat*$ h] %eep ^u ! hills4 ,"o ( ! songs 9 8 collection 7p4 #aha7 conta9s a direct ref]5ce to ! village lett]-writ]3-- ,salutatemi1 bella1 lo scrivano2 ,non lo conosco e non s *i si sia4 ,a me mi p>e un poeta sovrano1 ,tanto gli sp]to nella poesia4#bf ,:ile ,i am writ+ ?us ab\t ! production & dissem9ation ( ^! love-songs1 ,i _c help rememb]+ ?ree days & nights :i* ,i once sp5t at sea betwe5 ,g5oa & ,pal]mo1 9 ! company ( "s conscripts :o 7 go+ to jo9 _! regim5t 9 ,sicily4 ,!y 7 lads f ! ,milanese & ,liguria1 & !y sp5t a great portion ( _! "t 9 compos+ & s++ poetry4 ,"o ( !m _h a f9e b>itone voice2 & :5 ! sun _h set1 8 comrades ga!r$ r\nd him & begg$ him to s+ to !m ',con quella patetica tua voce4' ,!n foll[$ h\rs ( s++1 ! l[ monoton\s melodies ( 8 ditties h>monis+ wond]fully ) ! tranquillity ( night1 s cle> & calm t ! sky & all its />s 7 mirror$ on ! sea1 ?r\gh :i* we mov$ z if 9 a dream4 ,sometimes ! songs provok$ conv]sation1 :i*1 z is usual 9 ,italy1 turn$ mo/ly ^u 'le bellezze delle donne4' ,i rememb] t once an animat$ discussion ab\t ! relative m]its ( blondes & brunettes ne>ly end$ 9 a qu>rel1 :5 ! y\nge/ ( ! :ole b&1 a boy ( ab\t sev5te51 put a /op to ! dispute by !atrically rais+ 8 eyes & arms to heav5 & cry+1 ',tu sei innamorato d' una gr&e ,diana cacciatrice n]a1 ed io d' una bella ,v5]e bionda4' ,?\gh !y 7 b village lads1 !y support$ _! sev]al op9ions ) argum5ts n unwor?y ( ,fir5zuola1 & %[$ ! greate/ delicacy ( feel+ 9 ! treatm5t ( a subject :i* c\ld sc>cely h fail$ to reveal any lat5t co>s5ess4 ,! purity ( all ! ,italian love-songs collect$ by ,tigri is v rem>kable4#bg ,al?\gh ! passion express$ 9 !m is ,ori5tal 9 its vehem5ce1 n a ^w falls :i* c\ld (f5d a virg9's e>4 ,! "o desire ( lov]s is lifelong union 9 m>riage4 ,! damo--= s a swee!>t is t]m$ 9 ,tuscany--trembles until he has ga9$ ! approval ( 8 future "m-9-law1 & =bids ! girl he is c\rt+ to leave h] h\se to talk to him at night3-- ,dice *e tu t affacci alia f9e/ra2 ,ma non t dice *e tu vada fuora1 ,p]*1 la notte1 cosa disone/a4 ,all ! language ( 8 love is respectful4 ,signore1 or ma/] ( my s\l1 madonna1 anima mia1 dolce mio b51 nobil p]sona1 are ! t]ms ( adoration ) :i* he approa*es 8 mi/ress4 ,! elevation ( feel+ & p]fect bre$+ :i* ,manzoni has s well del9eat$ 9 ! loves ( ,r5zo & ,lucia are traditional among ,italian c\ntry-folk4 ,!y are consci\s t true g5tl5ess is no matt] ( bir? or =tune3-- ,e tu non mi lasci> p] pov]ezza1 ,* pov]t non gua/a g5tilezza4#bh ,?is 9 itself con/itutes an important elem5t ( culture1 & expla9s to "s ext5t ! high romantic qualities ( _! impassion$ poetry4 ,! beauty ( _! l& reveals /ill m4 ',o =tunatos nimium sua si bona nor9t6' ,virgil's exclamation is z true n[ z x 0 :5 he sang ! lab\rs ( ,italian c\ntry-folk "s n9ete5 c5turies ago4 ,to a travell] f ! nor? !re is a pa?os ev5 9 ! contra/ betwe5 ! c\ntry 9 :i* ^! *ildr5 ( a happi] climate toil1 & ^? bleak1 w9t]-beat5 fields :]e our own peasants pass _! lives4 ,! cold nights & w>m days ( ,tuscan spr+time are l a ,swiss summ]4 ,!y make ri* pa/ure & a h>dy race ( m54 ,tracts ( corn & oats & rye alt]nate ) pat*es ( flax 9 full fl[]1 ) mead[s yell[ ) butt]cups or p9k ) ragg$ rob92 ! "y v9es1 runn+ f b\gh to b\gh ( elm & mulb]ry1 are j com+ into leaf4 ,! popl>s are fre% ) bright gre5 foliage4 ,on ! v]ge ( ?is bloom+ pla9 /& anci5t cities r+$ ) hills1 "s ris+ to sn[y ,ap5n9es1 "s cov]$ ) :ite conv5ts & sp>kl+ ) villas4 ,cypresses %oot1 black & spirelike1 amid grey cl\ds ( olive-b\ghs ^u ! slopes2 & above1 :]e vegetation bord]s on ! b>r5 rock1 are masses ( ilex & arbutus int]sp]s$ ) *e/nut-trees n yet 9 leaf4 ,m5 & wom5 are ev]y:]e at "w1 pl\gh+ ) great :ite ox51 or till+ ! soil ) spades six feet 9 l5g?--,sabellian ligones4 ,! songs ( night+ales among acacia-trees1 & ! %>p scream ( swall[s :eel+ 9 air1 m+le ) ! monoton\s *ant t always rises f ! c\ntry-p at _! toil4 ,"h & !re on po9ts ( vantage1 :]e ! hill-slopes s9k into ! pla91 clu/] :ite villages ) fl[]-l campanili4 ,x is !re t ! veglia1 or ev5+ r5dezv\s ( lov]s1 ! s]5ades & balls & fe/e1 ( :i* "o he>s s mu* 9 ! popul> m9/relsy1 take place4 ,( c\rse x w\ld n be difficult to pa9t ! d>k] %ades ( ?is picture4 ,autumn comes1 :5 ! contad9i ( ,lucca & ,si5a & ,pi/oja g =? to "w 9 ! un:olesome m>%es ( ! ,m>emma1 or ( ,corsica & ,s>d9ia4 ,dismal sup]/itions & h]$it>y hatr$s ca/ _! blight ov] a life ext]nally s fair4 ,! bad gov]nm5t ( c5turies has p]v]t$ 9 _m ways ! in/9cts ( a p naturally mild & *e]ful & peace-lov+4 ,b z f> z nature c make m5 happy1 ^! husb&m5 are surely to be reckon$ =tunate1 & 9 _! songs we f9d little to rem9d u ( :at is o!rwise ?an sunny 9 _! lot4 ,a translator ( ^! ,volksli$] has to cont5d ) difficulties ( no ord9>y k9d4 ,! fre%ness ( _! phrases1 ! spontaneity ( _! s5tim5ts1 & ! melody ( _! un/udi$ cad5ces1 are inimitable4 ,s aga9 is ! peculi> effect ( _! frequ5t transitions f ! mo/ fanciful imag]y to ! language ( prose4 ,no m]e /ud5t c hope to rival1 f> less to reproduce1 9 a =eign tongue1 ! *>m ( v]se :i* sprang untaught f ! he>ts ( simple folk1 :i* lives unwritt5 on ! lips ( lov]s1 & :i* %\ld nev] be dissociat$ f s++4#bi ,!re are1 besides1 peculi>ities 9 ! v /ructure ( ! popul> rispetto4 ,! con/ant repetition ( ! same phrase ) slight v>iations1 especially 9 ! clos+ l9es ( ! ripresa ( ! ,tuscan rispetto1 gives an antique =ce & flav\r to ^! ditties1 l t :i* we appreciate 9 our own ballads1 b :i* may easily1 9 ! translation1 deg5]ate into weakness & insipidity4 ,! ,tuscan rhyme/]1 aga91 all[s himself ! utmo/ lic5ce4 ,x is usual to f9d m]e assonances l b5e & piac]e1 oro & volo1 ala & alata1 9 ! place ( rhymes2 :ile su* remote resemblances ( s\nd z colli & poggi1 lascia & piazza1 are f> f uncommon4 ,to mat* ^! rhymes by jo9+ 'home' & 'alone1' '"t' & '%9e1' c1 w\ld ( c\rse be a matt] ( no difficulty2 b x has seem$ to me on ! :ole be/ to pres]ve1 ) "s exceptions1 su* accuracy z ! ,engli% e> requires4 ,i fe>1 h[ev]1 t1 aft] all1 ^! wild-fl[]s ( song1 transplant$ to ano!r climate & plac$ 9 a ho?\se1 w appe> b pale & hectic by ! side ( _! robu/] bre?r5 ( ! ,tuscan hills4 ,9 ! foll[+ s]5ade _m ( ! peculi>ities :i* ,i h j notic$ occur4 ,i h also adh]$ to ! irregul>ity ( rhyme :i* may be usually obs]v$ ab\t ! middle ( ! poem 7p4 #ajc73-- ,sleep+ or wak+1 ?\ sweet face1 ,lift up ?y fair & t5d] br[3 ,li/ to ?y love 9 ?is /ill place2 ,he calls !e to ?y w9d[ n[3 ,b bids !e n ! h\se to quit1 ,s9ce 9 ! night ?is 7 n meet4 ,come to ?y w9d[1 /ay )92 ,i /& )\t1 & s+ & s+3 ,come to ?y w9d[1 /ay at home2 ,i /& )\t1 & make my moan4 ,"h is a s]5ade ( a m impassion$ "* 7p4 #ii73-- ,i come to visit !e1 my beaute\s que51 ,!e & ! h\se :]e ?\ art h>b\r$3 ,all ! long way ^u my knees1 my que51 ,i kiss ! e>? :]e'er ?y foot/eps tread4 ,i kiss ! e>?1 & gaze ^u ! wall1 ,:]eby ?\ goe/1 maid imp]ial6 ,i kiss ! e>?1 & gaze ^u ! h\se1 ,:]eby ?\ f>e/1 que5 mo/ beaute\s6 ,9 ! next ! lov]1 :o has pass$ ! :ole night b5ea? 8 swee!>t's w9d[1 takes leave at ! break ( day4 ,! feel+ ( ! half-h\r be=e dawn1 :5 ! s\nd ( bells rises to meet ! gr[+ light1 & bo? =m a prelude to ! gl>e & noise ( day1 is express$ ) mu* unconsci\s poetry 7p4 #aje73-- ,i see ! dawn e'en n[ beg9 to pe]3 ,!re=e ,i take my leave1 & cease to s+1 ,see h[ ! w9d[s op5 f> & ne>1 ,& he> ! bells ( morn+1 h[ !y r+6 ,?r\gh heav5 & e>? ! s\nds ( r++ swell2 ,!re=e1 bright jasm9e fl[]1 sweet maid1 f>ewell6 ,?r\gh heav5 & ,rome ! s\nd ( r++ goes2 ,f>ewell1 bright jasm9e fl[]1 sweet maid5 rose6 ,! next is m qua9t 7p4 #ii73-- ,i come by night1 ,i come1 my s\l aflame2 ,i come 9 ?is fair h\r ( y\r sweet sleep2 ,& %\ld ,i wake y up1 x 7 a %ame4 ,i _c sleep1 & lo6 ,i break y\r sleep4 ,to wake y 7 a %ame f y\r deep re/2 ,love nev] sleeps1 nor !y :om ,love ha? ble/4 ,a v great _m rispetti are simple panegyrics ( ! belov$1 to f9d similitude = ^: beauty heav5 & e>? are ransack$4 ,! complim5t ( ! fir/ l9e 9 ! foll[+ song is p]fect 7p4 #bc73-- ,beauty 0 born ) y1 fair maid3 ,! sun & moon incl9$ to y2 ,on y ! sn[ h] :it5ess laid ,! rose h] ri* & radiant hue3 ,sa9t ,magdal5 h] hair unb\nd1 ,& ,cupid taught y h[ to w\nd-- ,h[ to w\nd he>ts ,dan ,cupid taught3 ,y\r beauty drives me love-di/raught4 ,! lady 9 ! next 0 ,decemb]'s *ild 7p4 #be73-- ,o beauty1 born 9 w9t]'s night1 ,born 9 ! mon? ( spotless sn[3 ,y\r face is l a rose s bright2 ,y\r "m may be pr\d ( y6 ,%e may be pr\d1 lady ( love1 ,su* sunlight %9es h] h\se above3 ,%e may be pr\d1 lady ( heav51 ,su* sunlight to h] home is giv54 ,! sea w9d is ! s\rce ( beauty to ano!r 7p4 #af73-- ,nay1 m>vel n y are s fair2 ,= y beside ! sea 7 born3 ,! sea-waves keep y fre% & fair1 ,l roses on _! leafy ?orn4 ,if roses gr[ on ! rose-bu%1 ,y\r roses ?r\gh midw9t] blu%2 ,if roses bloom on ! rose-b$1 ,y\r face c %[ bo? :ite & r$4 ,! eyes ( a f\r? are comp>$1 aft] q a new & orig9al fa%ion1 to />s 7p4 #baj73-- ,! moon ha? ris5 h] pla9t to lay ,be=e ! face ( ,love ,div9e4 ,say+ 9 heav5 %e w n /ay1 ,s9ce y h /ol5 :at made h] %9e3 ,al\d %e wails ) sorr[ wan1-- ,%e told h] />s & two are gone3 ,!y are n !re2 y h !m n[2 ,!y are ! eyes 9 y\r bright br[4 ,nor are girls less ready to praise _! lov]s1 b t !y d n dwell s mu* on physical p]fection4 ,"h is a pleasant greet+ 7p4 #abd73-- ,o welcome1 welcome1 lily :ite1 ,?\ faire/ y\? ( all ! valley6 ,:5 ,i'm ) y1 my s\l is light2 ,i *ase away dull melan*oly4 ,i *ase all sadness f my he>t3 ,!n welcome1 de>e/ t ?\ art6 ,i *ase all sadness f my side3 ,!n welcome1 ,o my love1 my pride6 ,i *ase all sadness f> away3 ,!n welcome1 welcome1 love1 to-day6 ,! image ( a lily is v prettily treat$ 9 ! next 7p #gi73-- ,i plant$ a lily ye/re5 at my w9d[2 ,i set x ye/re51 & to-day x sprang up3 ,:5 ,i op5$ ! lat* & lean$ out ( my w9d[1 ,x %ad[$ my face ) its beautiful cup4 ,o lily1 my lily1 h[ tall y are gr[n6 ,rememb] h[ de>ly ,i lov$ y1 my own4 ,o lily1 my lily1 y'll gr[ to ! sky6 ,rememb] ,i love y = ev] & aye4 ,! same ?\ght ( love gr[+ l a fl[] receives ano!r turn 7p4 #fi73-- ,on yond] hill ,i saw a fl[]2 ,&1 c\ld x !nce be hi!r borne1 ,i'd plant x "h )9 my b[]1 ,& wat] x bo? eve & morn4 ,small wat] wants ! /em s /raight2 ',tis a love-lily /\t z fate4 ,small wat] wants ! root s /rong3 ',tis a love-lily la/+ long4 ,small wat] wants ! fl[] s %e53 ',tis a love-lily ev] gre54 ,envi\s tongues h told a girl t h] complexion is n good4 ,%e replies1 ) imag]y l t ( ,virgil's ',alba ligu/ra cadunt1 vacc9ia nigra leguntur' 7p4 #ca73-- ,?9k x no grief t ,i am br[n1 ,= all brunettes are born to reign3 ,:ite is ! sn[1 yet trodd5 d[n2 ,black pepp] k+s ne$ n disda93 ,:ite sn[ lies m\nd$ on ! vales ,black pepp]'s weigh$ 9 braz5 scales4 ,ano!r song runs on ! same subject 7p4 #ch73-- ,! :ole _w tells me t ,i'm br[n1 ,! br[n e>? gives u goodly corn3 ,! clove-p9k too1 h[ev] br[n1 ,yet pr\dly 9 ! h& 'tis borne4 ,!y say my love is black1 b he ,%9es l an angel-=m to me3 ,!y say my love is d>k z night2 ,to me he seems a %ape ( light4 ,! fre%ness ( ! foll[+ spr+ song recalls ! ballads ( ! ,val de ,vire 9 ,norm&y 7p4 #he73-- ,x 0 ! morn+ ( ! fir/ ( ,may1 ,into ! close ,i w5t to pluck a fl[]2 ,& !re ,i f\nd a bird ( woodl& gay1 ,:o :il$ ) songs ( love ! sil5t h\r4 ,o bird1 :o flie/ f fair ,flor5ce1 h[ ,de> love beg9s1 ,i pri!e tea* me n[6-- ,love x beg9s ) music & ) song1 ,& ends ) sorr[ & ) sighs ere long4 ,love at fir/ sight is describ$ 7p4 #gi73-- ,! v mom5t t we met1 ,t mom5t love began to beat3 ,"o glance ( love we gave1 & swore ,nev] to "p = ev]more2 ,we swore toge!r1 sigh+ deep1 ,nev] to "p till ,dea?'s long sleep4 ,"h too is a memory ( ! fir/ days ( love 7p4 #gi73-- ,if ,i rememb]1 x 0 ,may ,:5 love began betwe5 u two3 ,! roses 9 ! close 7 gay1 ,! *]ries black5$ on ! b\gh4 ,o *]ries black & pe>s s gre56 ,( maid5s fair y are ! que54 ,fruit ( black *]ry & sweet pe>6 ,( swee!>ts y're ! que51 ,i swe>4 ,! tro? is plight$ ) su* promises z ^! 7p4 #bcj73-- ,or ere ,i leave y1 love div9e1 ,dead tongues %all /ir & utt] spee*1 ,& runn+ riv]s fl[ ) w9e1 ,& fi%es swim ^u ! bea*2 ,or ere ,i leave or %un y1 ^! ,lemons %all gr[ on orange-trees4 ,! girl confesses h] love aft] ?is fa%ion 7p4 #hf73-- ,pass+ across ! bill[y sea1 ,i let1 alas1 my poor he>t fall2 ,i bade ! sailors br+ x me2 ,!y said !y _h n se5 x fall4 ,i ask$ ! sailors1 "o & two2 ,!y said t ,i _h giv5 x y4 ,i ask$ ! sailors1 two & ?ree2 ,!y said t ,i _h giv5 x !e4 ,x is n uncommon to speak ( love z a sea4 ,"h is a curi\s play ^u ?is image 7p4 #bbg73-- ,ho1 ,cupid6 ,sailor ,cupid1 ho6 ,l5d me a:ile t b>k ( ?9e2 ,= on ! bill[s ,i w g1 ,to f9d my love :o once 0 m9e3 ,& if ,i f9d h]1 %e %all we> ,a *a9 ar\nd h] neck s fair1 ,ar\nd h] neck a glitt]+ bond1 ,f\r />s1 a lily1 a diamond4 ,x is also possible t ! same ?\ght may occur 9 ! second l9e ( ! next ditty 7p4 #abj73-- ,b5ea? ! e>? ,i'll make a way ,to pass ! sea & come to y4 ,p w ?9k ,i'm gone away2 ,b1 de>1 ,i %all be see+ y4 ,p w say t ,i am dead2 ,b we'll pluck roses :ite & r$3 ,p w ?9k ,i'm lo/ = aye2 ,b we'll pluck roses1 y & ,i4 ,all ! little daily incid5ts are beautifi$ by love4 ,"h is a lov] :o ?anks ! mason = mak+ 8 w9d[ s close ^u ! road t he c see 8 swee!>t z %e passes 7p4 #aah73-- ,ble/ be ! mason's h& :o built ,?is h\se ( m9e by ! roadside1 ,& made my w9d[ l[ & wide ,= me to wat* my love g by4 ,& if ,i knew :5 %e w5t by1 ,my w9d[ %\ld be fairly gilt2 ,& if ,i knew :at "t %e w5t1 ,my w9d[ %\ld be fl[]-bespr5t4 ,"h is a conceit :i* rem9ds "o ( ! pretty epi/le ( ,philo/ratus1 9 :i* ! foot/eps ( ! belov$ are call$ ,greek3 erreism5a philmpta 7p4 #aag73-- ,:at "t ,i see y pass+ by2 ,i sit & c\nt ! /eps y take3 ,y take ! /eps2 ,i sit & sigh3 ,/ep aft] /ep1 my sighs awake4 ,tell me1 de> love1 :i* m ab\nd1 ,my sighs or y\r /eps on ! gr\nd8 ,tell me1 de> love1 :i* are ! mo/1 ,y\r light /eps or ! sighs !y co/8 ,a girl compla9s t %e _c see h] lov]'s h\se 7p4 #aag73- ,i lean ^u ! lattice1 & look =? ,to see ! h\se :]e my lov] dwells4 ,!re gr[s an envi\s tree t spoils my mir?3 ,curs$ be ! man :o set x on ^! hills6 ,b :5 ^? jeal\s b\ghs are all unclad1 ,i !n %all see ! cottage ( my lad3 ,:5 once t tree is root$ f ! hills1 ,i'll see ! h\se :]e9 my lov] dwells4 ,9 ! same mood a girl :o has j p>t$ f h] swee!>t is angry ) ! hill beyond :i* he is travell+ 7p4 #afg73-- ,i see & see1 yet see n :at ,i w\ld3 ,i see ! leaves atremble on ! tree3 ,i saw my love :]e on ! hill he /ood1 ,yet see him n drop d[nw>d to ! lea4 ,o traitor hill1 :at w y d8 ,i ask him1 live or dead1 f y4 ,o traitor hill1 :at %all x be8 ,i ask him1 live or dead1 f !e4 ,all ! songs ( love 9 abs5ce are v qua9t4 ,"h is "o :i* calls our nurs]y rhymes to m9d 7p4 #aai73-- ,i w\ld ,i 7 a bird s free1 ,t ,i _h w+s to fly away3 ,unto t w9d[ ,i w\ld flee1 ,:]e /&s my love & gr9ds all day4 ,gr9d1 mill]1 gr9d2 ! wat]'s deep6 ,i _c gr9d2 love makes me weep4 ,gr9d1 mill]1 gr9d2 ! wat]s fl[6 ,i _c gr9d2 love wa/es me s4 ,! next beg9s aft] ! same fa%ion1 b breaks into a v %[] ( b5$ictions 7p4 #aah73-- ,w\ld ,god ,i 7 a swall[ free1 ,t ,i _h w+s to fly away3 ,^u ! mill]'s door ,i'd be1 ,:]e /&s my love & gr9ds all day3 ,^u ! door1 ^u ! sill1 ,:]e /ays my love2--,god bless him /ill6 ,god bless my love1 & bless$ be ,8 h\se1 & bless my h\se = me2 ,yea1 ble/ be bo?1 & ev] ble/ ,my lov]'s h\se1 & all ! re/6 ,! girl alone at home 9 h] g>d5 sees a wood-dove fly+ by & calls to x 7p4 #agi73-- ,o dove1 :o flie/ f> to yond] hill1 ,de> dove1 :o 9 ! rock ha/ made ?y ne/1 ,let me a fea!r f ?y p9ion pull1 ,= ,i w write to him :o loves me be/4 ,& :5 ,i've writt5 x & made x cle>1 ,i'll give !e back ?y fea!r1 dove s de>3 ,& :5 ,i've writt5 x & seal$ x1 !n ,i'll give !e back ?y fea!r love-lad54 ,a swall[ is ask$ to l5d ! same k9d s]vice 7p4 #agi73-- ,o swall[1 swall[1 fly+ ?r\gh ! air1 ,turn1 turn1 ,i pri!e1 f ?y flight above6 ,give me "o fea!r f ?y w+ s fair1 ,= ,i w write a lett] to my love4 ,:5 ,i h writt5 x & made x cle>1 ,i'll give !e back ?y fea!r1 swall[ de>2 ,:5 ,i h writt5 x on pap] :ite1 ,i'll make1 ,i swe>1 ?y miss+ fea!r "r2 ,:5 once 'tis writt5 on fair leaves ( gold1 ,i'll give !e back ?y w+ & flight s bold4 ,long be=e ,t5nyson's song 9 ! ',pr9cess1' x w\ld seem t swall[s 7 fav\rite mess5g]s ( love4 ,9 ! next song :i* ,i translate1 ! repetition ( "o ?\ght ) delicate v>iation is full ( "* 7p4 #agh73-- ,o swall[1 fly+ ov] hill & pla91 ,if ?\ %\ld/ f9d my love1 oh bid him come6 ,& tell him1 on ^! m\nta9s ,i rema9 ,ev5 z a lamb :o _c f9d h] home3 ,& tell him1 ,i am left all1 all alone1 ,ev5 z a tree ^: fl[]s are ov]bl[n3 ,& tell him1 ,i am left )\t a mate ,ev5 z a tree ^: b\ghs are desolate3 ,& tell him1 ,i am left uncom=t$ ,ev5 z ! grass ^u ! mead[s dead4 ,! foll[+ is spok5 by a girl :o has be5 wat*+ ! lads ( ! village return+ f _! autumn s]vice 9 ! pla91 & ^: damo comes ! la/ ( all 7p4 #bdj73-- ,o de> my love1 y come too late6 ,:at f\nd y by ! way to d8 ,i saw y\r comrades pass ! gate1 ,b yet n y1 de> he>t1 n y6 ,if b a little m y'd /ay$1 ,) sighs y w\ld h f\nd me dead2 ,if b a :ile y'd keep me cry+1 ,) sighs y w\ld h f\nd me dy+4 ,! amantium irae f9d a place too 9 ^! ru/ic ditties4 ,a girl expla9s to h] swee!>t 7p4 #bdj73-- ',twas told me & v\*saf$ = true1 ,y\r k9 are wro? z wro? c be2 ,= lov+ me !y swe> at y1 ,!y swe> at y because ( me2 ,y\r fa!r1 "m1 all y\r folk1 ,because y love me1 *afe & *oke6 ,!n set y\r ki? & k9 at ease2 ,set !m at ease & let me die3 ,set ! :ole clan ( !m at ease2 ,set !m at ease & see me die6 ,ano!r suspects t h] damo has paid 8 suit to a rival 7p4 #bjj73-- ,on ,sunday morn+ well ,i knew ,:]e gaily dress$ y turn$ y\r feet2 ,& !re 7 _m saw x too1 ,& came to tell me ?r\gh ! /reet3 ,& :5 !y spoke1 ,i smil$1 ah me6 ,b 9 my room wept privately2 ,& :5 !y spoke1 ,i sang = pride1 ,b 9 my room alone ,i sigh$4 ,!n come reconciliations 7p4 #bbc73-- ,let u make peace1 my love1 my bliss6 ,= cruel /rife c la/ no m4 ,if y say nay1 yet ,i say yes3 ',twixt me & y !re is no w>4 ,pr9ces & mighty lords make peace2 ,& s may lov]s twa91 ,i wis3 ,pr9ces & soldi]s sign a truce2 ,& s may two swee!>ts l u3 ,pr9ces & pot5tates agree2 ,& s may fri5ds l y & me4 ,!re is mu* "* ab\t ! foll[+1 :i* is spok5 by ! damo 7p4 #bbc73-- ,z yond] m\nta9 height ,i trod1 ,i *anc$ to ?9k ( y\r de> "n2 ,i knelt ) clasp$ h&s on ! sod1 ,& ?\ght ( my neglect ) %ame3 ,i knelt ^u ! /one1 & swore ,our love %\ld bloom z h]et(ore4 ,sometimes ! language ( affection takes a m imag9ative tone1 z 9 ! foll[+ 7p4 #bcb73-- ,de>e/1 :at "t y m\nt to heav5 above1 ,i'll meet y hold+ 9 my h& my he>t3 ,y to y\r brea/ %all clasp me full ( love1 ,& ,i w lead y to our ,"l ap>t4 ,our ,"l1 :5 he our love s true ha? kn[n1 ,%all make ( our two he>ts "o he>t alone2 ,"o he>t %all make ( our two he>ts1 to re/ ,9 heav5 amid ! spl5d\rs ( ! ble/4 ,?is 0 ! woman's4 ,"h is ! man's 7p4 #aac73-- ,if ,i 7 ma/] ( all lovel9ess1 ,i'd make !e /ill m lovely ?an ?\ art3 ,if ,i 7 ma/] ( all weal?9ess1 ,mu* gold & silv] %\ld be ?9e1 swee!>t3 ,if ,i 7 ma/] ( ! h\se ( hell1 ,i'd b> ! braz5 gates 9 ?y sweet face2 ,or rul$ ! place :]e purg+ spirits dwell1 ,i'd free !e f t puni%m5t apace4 ,7 ,i 9 p>adise & ?\ %\ld/ come1 ,i'd /& aside1 my love1 to make !e room2 ,7 ,i 9 p>adise1 well seat$ !re1 ,i'd quit my place to give x !e1 my fair6 ,sometimes1 b v r>ely1 weird images are s\ght to clo! passion1 z 9 ! foll[+ 7p4 #acf73-- ,d[n into hell ,i w5t & !nce return$3 ,ah me6 alas6 ! p t 7 !re6 ,i f\nd a room :]e _m c&les burn$1 ,& saw )9 my love t langui%$ !re4 ,:5 z %e saw me1 %e 0 glad ( *e]1 ,& at ! la/ %e said3 ,sweet s\l ( m9e2 ,do/ ?\ recall ! "t long pa/1 s de>1 ,:5 ?\ did/ say to me1 ,sweet s\l ( m9e8 ,n[ kiss me on ! m\?1 my de>e/1 "h2 ,kiss me t ,i = once may cease to p9e6 ,s sweet1 ah me1 is ?y de> m\?1 s de>1 ,t ( ?y m]cy pri!e sweet5 m9e6 ,n[1 love1 t ?\ ha/ kiss$ me1 n[1 ,i say1 ,look n to leave ?is place aga9 = aye4 ,or aga9 9 ?is 7p4 #bcb73-- ,me?9ks ,i he>1 ,i he> a voice t cries3 ,beyond ! hill x floats ^u ! air4 ,x is my lov] come to bid me rise1 ,if ,i am fa9 =?) t[>d heav5 to f>e4 ,b ,i h answ]$ him1 & said him ,no6 ,i've giv5 my p>adise1 my heav51 = y3 ,till we toge!r g to p>adise1 ,i'll /ay on e>? & love y\r beaute\s eyes4 ,b x is n ) su* remote & e]ie ?\ghts t ! ru/ic muse ( ,italy c deal successfully4 ,f> bett] is ! foll[+ half-playful description ( love-sadness 7p4 #ga73-- ,ah me1 alas6 :o "k n h[ to sigh6 ,( sighs ,i n[ full well h le>n$ ! art3 ,sigh+ at table :5 to eat ,i try1 ,sigh+ )9 my little room ap>t1 ,sigh+ :5 je/s & laught] r\nd me fly1 ,sigh+ ) h] & h] :o "k my he>t3 ,i sigh at fir/1 & !n ,i g on sigh+2 ',tis = y\r eyes t ,i am ev] sigh+3 ,i sigh at fir/1 & sigh ! :ole ye> ?r\gh2 ,& 'tis y\r eyes t keep me sigh+ s4 ,! next two rispetti1 delici\s 9 _! navet1 might seem to h be5 extract$ f ! libretto ( an op]a1 b t !y lack ! sympa?is+ *orus1 :o %\ld h /ood at h&1 ready to *ime 9 ) 'he1' '%e1' & '!y1' to ! ',i1' 'y1' & 'we' ( ! lov]s 7p4 #abc73-- ,ah1 :5 w dawn t glori\s day ,:5 y w s(tly m\nt my /air8 ,my k9 %all br+ y on ! way2 ,i %all be fir/ to greet y !re4 ,ah1 :5 w dawn t day ( bliss ,:5 we be=e ! prie/ say ,yes8 ,ah1 :5 w dawn t blissful day ,:5 ,i %all s(tly m\nt y\r /air1 ,y\r bro!rs meet me on ! way1 ,& "o by "o ,i greet !m !re8 ,:5 comes ! day1 my /aff1 my /r5g?1 ,to call y\r "m m9e at l5g?8 ,:5 w ! day come1 love ( m9e1 ,i %all be y\rs & y be m9e8 ,hi!rto ! songs h told only ( happy love1 or ( love return$4 ,"s ( ! be/1 h[ev]1 are unhappy4 ,"h is "o1 = in/ance1 /eep$ 9 gloom 7p4 #adb73-- ,!y h ?is cu/om 9 fair ,naples t[n2 ,!y nev] m\rn a man :5 he is dead3 ,! "m weeps :5 %e has re>$ a son ,to be a s]f & slave by love misl$2 ,! "m weeps :5 %e a son ha? born ,to be ! s]f & slave ( galley scorn2 ,! "m weeps :5 %e a son gives suck ,to be ! s]f & slave ( city luck4 ,! foll[+ conta9s a f9e wild image1 wr\ght out ) /range passion 9 detail 7p4 #cjj73-- ,i'll spread a table brave = revelry1 ,& to ! fea/ w bid sad lov]s all4 ,= meat ,i'll give !m my he>t's mis]y2 ,= dr9k ,i'll give ^! br9y te>s t fall4 ,sorr[s & sighs %all be ! v>letry1 ,to s]ve ! lov]s at ?is fe/ival3 ,! table %all be dea?1 black dea? pr(\nd2 ,weep1 /ones1 & utt] sighs1 ye walls ar\nd6 ,! table %all be dea?1 yea1 sacr$ dea?2 ,weep1 /ones1 & sigh z "o t sorr[e?6 ,nor is ! next a :it less 9 ! ve9 ( mad ,j]onimo 7p4 #cjd73-- ,high up1 high up1 a h\se ,i'll re>1 ,high up1 high up1 on yond] height2 ,at e w9d[ set a sn>e1 ,) treason1 to betray ! night2 ,) treason1 to betray ! />s1 ,s9ce ,i'm betray$ by my false f]es2 ,) treason1 to betray ! day1 ,s9ce ,love betray$ me1 well away6 ,! v5geance ( an ,italian reveals itself 9 ! en]getic song :i* ,i quote next 7p4 #cjc73-- ,i h a sword2 'tw\ld cut a braz5 bell1 ,t\gh /eel 'tw\ld cut1 if !re 7 any ne$3 ,i've _h x temp]$ 9 ! /reams ( hell ,by ma/]s mighty 9 ! my/ic r$e3 ,i've _h x temp]$ by ! light ( />s2 ,!n let him come ^: sk9 is /\t z ,m>s2 ,i've _h x temp]$ to a tr5*ant blade2 ,!n let him come :o /ole f me my maid4 ,m mild1 b brimful ( ! bitt]ness ( a s\l to :om ! :ole _w has become b a%es 9 ! dea? ( love1 is ! foll[+ lam5t 7p4 #adc73-- ,call me ! lovely ,gold5 ,locks no m1 ,b call me ,sad ,maid ( ! gold5 hair4 ,if !re be wret*$ wom51 sure ,i ?9k ,i too may rank among ! mo/ =lorn4 ,i fl+ a palm into ! sea2 'twill s9k3 ,o!rs ?r[ lead1 & x is lightly borne4 ,:at h ,i done1 de> ,"l1 ! _w to cross8 ,gold 9 my h& =?) is turn$ to dross4 ,h[ h ,i made1 de> ,"l1 dame ,=tune wro?8 ,gold 9 my h& =?) is turn$ to fro?4 ,:at h ,i done1 de> ,"l1 to fret ! folk8 ,gold 9 my h& =?) is turn$ to smoke4 ,"h is pa?os 7p4 #agb73-- ,! wood-dove :o ha? lo/ h] mate1 ,%e lives a dolor\s life1 ,i we52 ,%e seeks a /ream & ba!s 9 x1 ,& dr9ks t wat] f\l & gre53 ,) o!r birds %e w n mate1 ,nor haunt1 ,i wis1 ! fl[]y tre52 ,%e ba!s h] w+s & /rikes h] brea/2 ,h] mate is lo/3 oh1 sore unre/6 ,& "h is fanciful despair 7p4 #afh73-- ,i'll build a h\se ( sobs & sighs1 ,) te>s ! lime ,i'll slack2 ,& !re ,i'll dwell ) weep+ eyes ,until my love come back3 ,& !re ,i'll /ay ) eyes t burn ,until ,i see my love return4 ,! h\se ( love has be5 des]t$1 & ! lov] comes to moan b5ea? its sil5t eaves 7p4 #aga73-- ,d>k h\se & w9d[ desolate6 ,:]e is ! sun :i* %one s fair8 ',twas "h we danc$ & laugh$ at fate3 ,n[ ! /ones weep2 ,i see !m !re4 ,!y weep1 & feel a griev\s *ill3 ,d>k h\se & wid[$ w9d[-sill6 ,& :at c be m pite\s ?an ?is pray]8 7p4 #hji73-- ,love1 if y love me1 delve a tomb1 ,& lay me !re ! e>? b5ea?2 ,aft] a ye>1 come see my bones1 ,& make !m dice to play !re)4 ,b :5 y're tir$ ( t game1 ,!n ?r[ ^? dice into ! flame2 ,b :5 y're tir$ ( gam+ free1 ,!n ?r[ ^? dice into ! sea4 ,! simpl] expression ( sorr[ to ! dea? is1 z usual1 m impressive4 ,a girl speaks ?us )9 sight ( ! grave 7p4 #hjh73-- ,yes1 ,i %all die3 :at wilt ?\ ga98 ,! cross be=e my bi] w g2 ,& ?\ wilt he> ! bells compla91 ,! ,mis]]es l\d & l[4 ,midmo/ ! *ur* ?\'lt see me lie ,) fold$ h&s & froz5 eye2 ,!n say at la/1 ,i d rep5t6-- ,n\ght else rema9s :5 fires are sp5t4 ,"h is a ru/ic ,o5one 7p4 #cjg73-- ,fell dea?1 t flie/ fraught ) woe6 ,?y gloomy sn>es ! _w ensph]e3 ,:]e no man calls1 ?\ lov'/ to g2 ,b :5 we call1 ?\ wilt n he>4 ,fell dea?1 false dea? ( trea*]y1 ,?\ make/ all cont5t b me4 ,ano!r is less reproa*ful1 b sc>cely less sad 7p4 #cjh73-- ,/rew me ) blossoms :5 ,i die1 ,nor lay me 'nea? ! e>? bel[2 ,beyond ^? walls1 !re let me lie1 ,:]e (t5times we us$ to g4 ,!re lay me to ! w9d & ra92 ,dy+ = y1 ,i feel no pa93 ,!re lay me to ! sun above2 ,dy+ = y1 ,i die ( love4 ,yet ano!r ( ^! pitiful love-wail+s displays mu* poetry ( expression 7p4 #bga73-- ,i dug ! sea1 & delv$ ! b>r5 s&3 ,i wrote ) du/ & gave x to ! w9d3 ,( melt+ sn[1 false ,love1 0 made ?y b&1 ,:i* sudd5ly ! day's bright beams unb9d4 ,n[ am ,i w>e1 & "k my own mi/ake-- ,h[ false are all ! promises y make2 ,n[ am ,i w>e1 & "k ! fact1 ah me6 ,t :o confides 9 y1 deceiv$ w be4 ,x w\ld sc>cely be well to pause ^u ^! v doleful ditties4 ,take1 !n1 ! foll[+ little s]5ade1 9 :i* ! lov] on 8 way to visit 8 mi/ress has unconsci\sly fall5 on ! same ?\ght z ,bion 7p4 #he73-- ,ye/re5 ,i w5t my love to greet1 ,by yond] village pa? bel[3 ,night 9 a coppice f\nd my feet2 ,i call$ ! moon h] light to %[-- ,o moon1 :o ne$s no flame to fire ?y face1 ,look =? & l5d me light a little space6 ,en\gh has be5 quot$ to illu/rate ! "* ( ! ,tuscan popul> poetry4 ,^! village rispetti be> ! same relation to ! canzoni]e ( ,petr>* z ! 'savage drupe' to ! 'suave plum4' ,!y are1 z x 71 ! wild /ock ( t highly artificial fl[] ( art4 ,h]e9 lies1 p]haps1 _! *ief importance4 ,z 9 our ballad lit]ature we may disc]n ! /uff ( ! ,elizabe?an drama undevelop$1 s 9 ! ,tuscan p's songs we c trace ! crude =m ( t poetic in/9ct :i* produc$ ! sonnets to ,laura4 ,x is also v probable t "s su* ru/ic m9/relsy prec$$ ! ,idylls ( ,!ocritus & ! ,bucolics ( ,virgil2 = co9cid5ces ( ?\ght & imag]y1 :i* c sc>cely be ref]r$ to any consci\s /udy ( ! anci5ts1 are n a few4 ,popul> poetry has ?is great value = ! /ud5t ( lit]ature3 x enables him to trace ^? =ms ( fancy & ( feel+ :i* are native to ! p1 & :i* mu/ ultimately det]m9e ! "* ( national art1 h[ev] mu* t may be modifi$ by culture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,popul> ,,italian ,,poetry ,,( ,,! ,,r5aissance ,! semi-popul> poetry ( ! ,italians 9 ! fifte5? c5tury =m$ an important bran* ( _! national lit]ature1 & fl\ri%$ indep5d5tly ( ! c\rtly & s*ola/ic /udies :i* gave a special "* to ! gold5 age ( ! revival4 ,:ile ! latt] t5d$ to sep>ate ! p f ! cultivat$ classes1 ! =m] e/abli%$ a new l9k ( connection betwe5 !m1 diff]5t inde$ f t :i* exi/$ :5 smi?s & c>t]s repeat$ ! ,canzoni ( ,dante by he>t 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b /ill suffici5tly real to ex]cise a weighty influ5ce ov] ! national developm5t4 ,s*ol>s l ,angelo ,poliziano1 pr9ces l ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 m5 ( lett]s l ,feo ,belc>i & ,b5ivi5i1 borr[$ f ! p =ms ( poetry1 :i* !y h&l$ ) ref9$ ta/e1 & appropriat$ to ! uses ( polite lit]ature4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! =ms1 native to ! p b assimilat$ by ! le>n$ classes1 7 ! ,miracle ,play or ',sacra ,rappres5tazione2' ! ',ballata' or lyric to be sung :ile danc+2 ! ',canto ,c>nascialesco' or ,c>nival ,*orus2 ! ',rispetto' or %ort love-ditty2 ! ',lauda' or hymn2 ! ',maggio' or ,may-song2 & ! ',madrigale' or little "p-song4 ,at ,flor5ce1 :]e ev5 "u ! despotism ( ! ,m$ici a %[ ( republican life /ill l+]$1 all classes jo9$ 9 ! amusem5ts ( c>nival & spr+ "t2 & ?is poetry ( ! dance1 ! pageant1 & ! villa fl\ri%$ side by side ) ! m s]i\s ef=ts ( ! humani/ic muse4 ,x is n my purpose 9 ?is place to inquire into ! orig9s ( ea* lyrical type1 to discuss ! alt]ations !y may h und]gone at ! h&s ( educat$ v]sifi]s1 or to def9e _! sev]al *>act]i/ics2 b only to (f] translations ( su* z seem to me be/ suit$ to repres5t ! g5ius ( ! p & ! age4 ,9 ! composition ( ! poetry 9 "q1 ,angelo ,poliziano 0 indubitably ! mo/ successful4 ,?is giant ( le>n+1 :o fill$ ! lecture-rooms ( ,flor5ce ) /ud5ts ( all nations1 & ^: critical & rhetorical lab\rs m>k$ an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( s*ol>%ip1 0 by temp]am5t a poet1 & a poet ( ! p4 ,no?+ 0 easi] = him ?an to ?r[ aside 8 pr(essor's mantle1 & to improvise ',ballate' = ! girls to s+ z !y danc$ _! ',c>ola' ^u ! ,piazza di ,santa ,tr9it 9 summ] ev5+s4 ,! peculi>ity ( ?is lyric is t x />ts ) a c\plet1 :i* also s]ves z refra91 supply+ ! rhyme to ea* successive /anza4 ,! /anza itself is id5tical ) our rime royal1 if we c\nt ! c\plet 9 ! place ( ! sev5? l9e4 ,! =m is 9 itself s graceful & is s beautifully treat$ by ,poliziano t ,i _c cont5t myself ) few] ?an f\r ( 8 ,ballate4#cj ,! fir/ is writt5 on ! _w-old !me ( ',ga!r ye rosebuds :ile ye may4' ,i w5t a roam+1 maid5s1 "o bright day1 ,9 a gre5 g>d5 9 mid mon? ( ,may4 ,violets & lilies grew on e side ,mid ! gre5 grass1 & "y fl[]s wond]ful1 ,gold5 & :ite & r$ & azure-ey$2 ,t[>d :i* ,i /ret*$ my h&s1 eag] to pull ,pl5ty to make my fair curls beautiful1 ,to cr[n my rippl+ curls ) g>l&s gay4 ,i w5t a roam+1 maid5s1 "o bright day1 ,9 a gre5 g>d5 9 mid mon? ( ,may4 ,b :5 my lap 0 full ( fl[]s ,i spi$ ,roses at la/1 roses ( e hue2 ,!re=e ,i ran to pluck _! ruddy pride1 ,because _! p]fume 0 s sweet & true ,t all my s\l w5t =? ) pleasure new1 ,) ye>n+ & desire too s(t to say4 ,i w5t a roam+1 maid5s1 "o bright day1 ,9 a gre5 g>d5 9 mid mon? ( ,may4 ,i gaz$ & gaz$4 ,h>d task x 7 to tell ,h[ lovely 7 ! roses 9 t h\r3 ,"o 0 b peep+ f h] v]dant %ell1 ,& "s 7 fad$1 "s 7 sc>ce 9 fl[]3 ,!n ,love said3 ,g1 pluck f ! bloom+ b[] ,^? t ?\ see/ ripe ^u ! spray4 ,i w5t a roam+1 maid5s1 "o bright day1 ,9 a gre5 g>d5 9 mid mon? ( ,may4 ,= :5 ! full rose quits h] t5d] %ea?1 ,:5 %e is sweete/ & mo/ fair to see1 ,!n is ! "t to place h] 9 ?y wrea?1 ,be=e h] beauty & h] fre%ness flee4 ,ga!r ye !re=e roses ) great glee1 ,sweet girls1 or ere _! p]fume pass away4 ,i w5t a roam+1 maid5s1 "o bright day1 ,9 a gre5 g>d5 9 mid mon? ( ,may4 ,! next ,ballata is less simple1 b is compos$ ) ! same int5tion4 ,x may "h be p>5!tically m5tion$ t ! c\rtly poet1 :5 he appli$ himself to ?is species ( composition1 inv5t$ a c]ta9 ru/icity ( incid5t1 sc>cely 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( 8 art4 ,x 0 9 fact a conv5tional feature ( ?is species ( v]se t ! sc5e %\ld be laid 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e ! burgh]1 on a visit to 8 villa1 is suppos$ to meet ) a ru/ic beauty :o captivates 8 eyes & he>t4 ,guido ,cavalcanti1 9 8 celebrat$ ,ballata1 ',9 un bos*etto trovai pa/orella1' /ruck ! keynote ( ?is music1 :i*1 x may be reasonably conjectur$1 0 import$ into ,italy ?r\gh ,prov5al lit]ature f ! pa/orals ( ,nor!rn ,france4 ,! lady s qua9tly imag$ by a bird 9 ! foll[+ ,ballata ( ,poliziano is suppos$ to h be5 ,monna ,ippolita ,leonc9a ( ,prato1 :ite-?roat$1 gold5-hair$1 & dress$ 9 crimson silk4 ,i f\nd myself "o day all1 all alone1 ,= pa/ime 9 a field ) blossoms /rewn4 ,i d n ?9k ! _w a field c\ld %[ ,) h]bs ( p]fume s surpass+ r>e2 ,b :5 ,i pass$ beyond ! gre5 h$ge-r[1 ,a ?\s& fl[]s ar\nd me fl\ri%$ fair1 ,:ite1 pi$ & crimson1 9 ! summ] air2 ,among ! :i* ,i he>d a sweet bird's tone4 ,i f\nd myself "o day all1 all alone1 ,= pa/ime 9 a field ) blossoms /rewn4 ,h] song x 0 s t5d] & s cle> ,t all ! _w li/5$ ) love2 !n ,i ,) /eal?y feet a-tiptoe draw+ ne>1 ,h] gold5 head & gold5 w+s c\ld spy1 ,h] plumes t fla%$ l rubies 'nea? ! sky1 ,h] cry/al beak & ?roat & bosom's zone4 ,i f\nd myself "o day all1 all alone1 ,= pa/ime 9 a field ) blossoms /rewn4 ,fa9 w\ld ,i sn>e h]1 smit ) mighty love2 ,b arr[-l %e so>$1 & ?r\gh ! air ,fl$ to h] ne/ ^u ! b\ghs above2 ,:]e=e to foll[ h] is all my c>e1 ,= haply ,i might lure h] by "s sn>e ,=? f ! woodl& wild :]e %e is fl[n4 ,i f\nd myself "o day all1 all alone1 ,= pa/ime 9 a field ) blossoms /rewn4 ,yea1 ,i might spread "s net or wov5 wile2 ,b s9ce ( s++ %e do? take su* pleasure1 ,)\t or o!r art or o!r guile ,i seek to w9 h] ) a tuneful measure2 ,!re=e 9 s++ sp5d ,i all my leisure1 ,to make by s++ ?is sweet bird my own4 ,i f\nd myself "o day all1 all alone1 ,= pa/ime 9 a field ) blossoms /rewn4 ,! same lady is m directly celebrat$ 9 ! next ,ballata1 :]e ,poliziano calls h] by h] "n1 ,ippolita4 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( sub/itut+ ,myrrha = ?is some:at unmanageable ^w4 ,he :o kn[s n :at ?+ is ,p>adise1 ,let him look fix$ly on ,myrrha's eyes4 ,f ,myrrha's eyes !re flie?1 girt ) fire1 ,an angel ( our "l1 a laugh+ boy1 ,:o lights 9 froz5 he>ts a flam+ pyre1 ,& ) su* sweetness do? ! s\l de/roy1 ,t :ile x dies1 x murmurs =? its joy2 ,oh bless$ am ,i to dwell 9 ,p>adise6 ,he :o kn[s n :at ?+ is ,p>adise1 ,let him look fix$ly on ,myrrha's eyes4 ,f ,myrrha's eyes a virtue /ill do? move1 ,s swift & ) s fi]ce & /rong a flight1 ,t x is l ! lightn+ ( high ,jove1 ,riv+ ( iron & adamant ! might2 ,na?less ! w\nd do? c>ry su* delight ,t he :o suff]s dwells 9 ,p>adise4 ,he :o kn[s n :at ?+ is ,p>adise1 ,let him look fix$ly on ,myrrha's eyes4 ,f ,myrrha's eyes a lovely mess5g] ,( joy s grave1 s virtu\s1 do? flee1 ,t all pr\d s\ls are b\nd to b5d to h]2 ,s sweet h] c\nt5ance1 x turns ! key ,( h>d he>ts lock$ 9 cold security3 ,=? flies ! prison$ s\l to ,p>adise4 ,he :o kn[s n :at ?+ is ,p>adise1 ,let him look fix$ly on ,myrrha's eyes4 ,9 ,myrrha's eyes beauty do? make h] ?rone1 ,& sweetly smile & sweetly speak h] m9d3 ,su* grace 9 h] fair eyes a man ha? kn[n ,z 9 ! :ole wide _w he sc>ce may f9d3 ,yet if %e slay him ) a glance too k9d1 ,he lives aga9 b5ea? h] gaz+ eyes4 ,he :o kn[s n :at ?+ is ,p>adise1 ,let him look fix$ly on ,myrrha's eyes4 ,! f\r? ,ballata sets =? ! fifte5?-c5tury ,italian code ( love1 ! code ( ! ,novelle1 v diff]5t 9 its av[$ laxity f ! high ideal ( ! trec5ti/i poets4 ,i ask no p>don if ,i foll[ ,love2 ,s9ce e g5tle he>t is ?rall !re(4 ,f ^? :o feel ! fire ,i feel1 :at use ,is !re 9 ask+ p>don8 ,^! are s ,g5tle1 k9d-he>t$1 t5d]1 pite\s1 ,t !y w h compassion1 well ,i "k4 ,f su* z nev] felt t honey$ woe1 ,i seek no p>don3 n\ght !y "k ( ,love4 ,i ask no p>don if ,i foll[ ,love2 ,s9ce e g5tle he>t is ?rall !re(4 ,hon\r1 pure love1 & p]fect g5tl5ess1 ,weigh$ 9 ! scales ( equity ref9$1 ,are b "o ?+3 beauty is n\ght or less1 ,plac$ 9 a dame ( pr\d & scornful m9d4 ,:o c rebuke me !n if ,i am k9d ,s f> z hone/y comports & ,love8 ,i ask no p>don if ,i foll[ ,love2 ,s9ce e g5tle he>t is ?rall !re(4 ,let him rebuke me ^: h>d he>t ( /one ,ne'er felt ( ,love ! summ] 9 8 ve96 ,i pray to ,love t :o ha? nev] kn[n ,love's p[]1 may ne'er be bless$ ) ,love's great ga92 ,b he :o s]ves our "l ) might & ma91 ,may dwell = ev] 9 ! fire ( ,love6 ,i ask no p>don if ,i foll[ ,love2 ,s9ce e g5tle he>t is ?rall !re(4 ,let him rebuke me )\t cause :o w2 ,= if he be n g5tle1 ,i fe> n\ght3 ,my he>t ob$i5t to ! same love /ill ,ha? little he$ ( light words envy-fraught3 ,s long z life rema9s1 x is my ?\ght ,to keep ! laws ( ?is s g5tle ,love4 ,i ask no p>don if ,i foll[ ,love2 ,s9ce e g5tle he>t is ?rall !re(4 ,?is ,ballata is put into a woman's m\?4 ,ano!r1 ascrib$ to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 expresses ! sadness ( a man :o has lo/ ! fav\r ( 8 lady4 ,x illu/rates ! well-kn[n use ( ! ^w ,signore = mi/ress 9 ,flor5t9e poetry4 ,h[ c ,i s+ light-s\l$ & fancy-free1 ,:5 my lov$ "l no long] smiles on me8 ,dances & songs & m]ry wakes ,i leave ,to lov]s fair1 m =tunate & gay2 ,s9ce to my he>t s _m sorr[s cleave ,t only doleful te>s are m9e = aye3 ,:o ha? he>t's ease1 may c>ol1 dance1 & play ,:ile ,i am fa9 to weep cont9ually4 ,h[ c ,i s+ light-s\l$ & fancy-free1 ,:5 my lov$ "l no long] smiles on me8 ,i too _h he>t's ease once1 = s ,love will$1 ,:5 my "l lov$ me ) love /rong & great3 ,b envi\s =tune my life's music /ill$1 ,& turn$ to sadness all my gleeful /ate4 ,ah me6 ,dea? surely 7 less desolate ,?an ?us to live & love-neglect$ be6 ,h[ c ,i s+ light-s\l$ & fancy-free1 ,:5 my lov$ "l no long] smiles on me8 ,"o only com=t soo!s my he>t's despair1 ,& mid ?is sorr[ l5ds my s\l "s *e]2 ,unto my "l ,i ev] yield$ fair ,s]vice ( fai? unta9t$ pure & cle>2 ,if !n ,i die ?us guiltless1 on my bi] ,x may be %e w %$ "o te> = me4 ,h[ c ,i s+ light-s\l$ & fancy-free1 ,:5 my lov$ "l no long] smiles on me8 ,! ,flor5t9e ,rispetto 0 writt5 = ! mo/ "p 9 octave /anzas1 deta*$ or cont9u\s4 ,! octave /anza 9 ,italian lit]ature 0 an emphatically popul> =m2 & x is /ill l>gely us$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! p59sula = ! lyrical expression ( emotion4#ca ,poliziano did no m ?an treat x ) 8 own facility1 sacrific+ ! un/udi$ rac9ess ( 8 popul> models to lit]>y elegance4 ,"h are a few ( ^! deta*$ /anzas or ,rispetti ,spicciolati3-- ,^u t day :5 fir/ ,i saw ?y face1 ,i v[$ ) loyal love to wor%ip !e4 ,move1 & ,i move2 /ay1 & ,i keep my place3 ,:ate'er ?\ do/1 w ,i d equally4 ,9 joy ( ?9e ,i f9d mo/ p]fect grace1 ,& 9 ?y sadness dwells my mis]y3 ,laugh1 & ,i laugh2 weep1 & ,i too w weep4 ,?us ,love comm&s1 ^: laws ,i lov+ keep4 ,nay1 be n ov]-pr\d ( ?y great grace1 ,lady6 = brief "t is ?y ?ief & m9e4 ,:ite w he turn ^? gold5 curls1 t lace ,?y =ehead & ?y neck s m>ble-f9e4 ,lo6 :ile ! fl[] /ill fl\ri%e? apace1 ,pluck x3 = beauty b a:ile do? %9e4 ,fair is ! rose at dawn2 b long ere night ,h] fre%ness fades1 h] pride ha? vani%$ q4 ,fire1 fire6 ,ho1 wat]6 = my he>t's afire6 ,ho1 neighb\rs6 help me1 or by ,god ,i die6 ,see1 ) 8 /&>d1 t great "l1 ,desire6 ,he sets my he>t aflame3 9 va9 ,i cry4 ,too late1 alas6 ,! flames m\nt high & high]4 ,alack1 good fri5ds6 ,i fa9t1 ,i fail1 ,i die4 ,ho6 wat]1 neighb\rs m9e6 no m delay ,i ,my he>t's a c9d] if y d b /ay4 ,lo1 may ,i prove to ,*ri/ a r5egade1 ,&1 dog-l1 die 9 pagan ,b>b>y2 ,nor may ,god's m]cy on my s\l be laid1 ,if ere = aught ,i %all ab&on !e3 ,be=e all-see+ ,god ?is pray] be made-- ,:5 ,i des]t !e1 may dea? fe$ on me3 ,n[ if ?y h>d he>t scorn ^! v[s1 be sure ,t )\t fai? none may abide secure4 ,i ask n1 ,love1 = any o!r pa9 ,to make ?y cruel foe & m9e rep5t1 ,only t ?\ %\ld/ yield h] to ! /ra9 ,( ^! my arms1 alone1 = *a/isem5t2 ,!n w\ld ,i clasp h] s ) might & ma91 ,t %e %\ld le>n to pity & rel5t1 ,&1 9 rev5ge = scorn & pr\d despite1 ,a ?\s& times ,i'd kiss h] =ehead :ite4 ,n always d fi]ce tempe/s vex ! sea1 ,nor always cl++ cl\ds (f5d ! sky2 ,cold sn[s be=e ! sunbeams ha/e to flee1 ,disclos+ fl[]s t 'nea? _! :it5ess lie2 ,! sa9ts ea* "o do? wait 8 day to see1 ,& "t makes all ?+s *ange2 s1 !re=e1 ,i ,we5 t 'tis wise to wait my turn1 & say1 ,t :o subdues himself1 des]ves to sway4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! tone ( ^! poems is n passionate nor elevat$4 ,love1 z und]/ood 9 ,flor5ce ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 nei!r2 nor 0 ,poliziano ! man to h reviv$ ,platonic my/]ies or *ivalr\s en?usiasms4 ,:5 ! octave /anzas1 writt5 ) ?is amor\s int5tion1 7 /rung toge!r into a cont9u\s poem1 ?is =m ( v]se took ! title ( ,rispetto ,gont9uato4 ,9 ! collection ( ,poliziano's poems !re are sev]al examples ( ! long ,rispetto1 c>elessly en\gh compos$1 z may be ga!r$ f ! recurr5ce ( ! same /anzas 9 sev]al poems4 ,all repeat ! old argum5ts1 ! old enticem5ts to a less ?an lawful love4 ,! "o :i* ,i h *os5 = translation1 /yl$ ,s]5ata ovv]o ,lett]a 9 ,i/rambotti1 might be select$ z an epitome ( ,flor5t9e conv5tion 9 ! matt] ( love-mak+4 ,o ?\ ( faire/ fairs ! fir/ & que51 ,mo/ c\rte\s1 k9d1 & hon\rable dame1 ,?9e e> unto ?y s]vant's s++ lean1 ,:o loves !e m ?an heal?1 or weal?1 or fame2 ,= ?\ 8 %9+ planet /ill ha/ be51 ,& day & night he calls on ?y fair "n3 ,fir/ wi%+ !e all good ! _w c give1 ,next pray+ 9 ?y g5tle ?\ghts to live4 ,he humbly praye? t ?\ %\ld/ be k9d ,to ?9k ^u 8 pure & p]fect fai?1 ,& t su* m]cy 9 ?y he>t & m9d ,%\ld reign1 z s mu* beauty argue?3 ,a ?\s&1 ?\s& h9ts1 or he 7 bl9d1 ,( ?y great c\rtesy he reckone?3 ,:]e=e ?y loyal subject n[ do? sue ,su* gu]don only z %all prove !m true4 ,he kn[s himself unmeet = love f !e1 ,unmeet = m]ely gaz+ on ?9e eyes2 ,see+ ?y comely squires s pl5te\s be1 ,t !re is none b 'nea? ?y beauty sighs3 ,yet s9ce ?\ seeke/ fame & brav]y1 ,nor c>e/ aught = gauds t o!rs prize1 ,& s9ce he /rives to hon\r !e alway1 ,he /ill ha? hope to ga9 ?y he>t "o day4 ,virtue t dwells untold1 unkn[n1 unse51 ,/ill f9de? none to love or value x2 ,:]e=e 8 fai?1 t ha? s p]fect be51 ,n be+ kn[n1 c pr(it him no :it3 ,he w\ld f9d pity 9 ?9e eyes1 ,i we51 ,if ?\ %\ld/ deign to make "s pro( ( x2 ,! re/ may flatt]1 gape1 & /& agaze2 ,him only fai? above ! cr[d do? raise4 ,suppose t he might meet !e once alone1 ,face unto face1 )\t or jeal\sy1 ,or d\bt or fe> f false misgiv+ gr[n1 ,& tell 8 tale ( griev\s pa9 to !e1 ,sure f ?y brea/ he'd draw full _m a moan4 ,& make ?y fair eyes weep "r pl5te\sly3 ,yea1 if he _h b skill 8 he>t to %[1 ,he sc>ce c\ld fail to w9 !e by its woe4 ,n[ art ?\ 9 ?y beauty's bloom+ h\r2 ,?y y\? is yet 9 pure p]fection's prime3 ,make x ?y pride to yield ?y fragile fl[]1 ,or look to f9d x pal$ by envi\s "t3 ,= none to /ay ! flight ( ye>s ha? p[]1 ,& :o culls roses caught by fro/y rime8 ,give !re=e to ?y lov]1 give1 = !y ,too late rep5t :o act n :ile !y may4 ,"t flies3 & lo6 ?\ let'/ x idly fly3 ,!re is n 9 ! _w a ?+ m de>2 ,& if ?\ wait to see sweet ,may pass by1 ,:]e f9d'/ ?\ roses 9 ! lat] ye>8 ,he nev] c1 :o lets occasion die3 ,n[ t ?\ can/1 /ay n = d\bt or fe>2 ,b by ! =elock take ! fly+ h\r1 ,ere *ange beg9s1 & cl\ds above !e l[]4 ,too long 'twixt yea & nay he ha? be5 wrung2 ,:e!r he sleep or wake he little kn[s1 ,or free or 9 ! b&s ( bondage /rung3 ,nay1 lady1 /rike1 & let ?y lov] loose6 ,:at joy ha/ ?\ to keep a captive hung8 ,kill him at once1 or cut ! cruel noose3 ,no m1 ,i pri!e1 /ay2 b take ?y "p3 ,ei!r relax ! b[1 or spe$ ! d>t4 ,?\ fe$e/ him on words & w9d9ess1 ,on smiles1 & signs1 & bladd]s light z air2 ,say+1 ?\ fa9 w\ld/ com=t 8 di/ress1 ,b d>'/ n1 can/ n3 nay1 de> lady fair1 ,all ?+s are possible b5ea? ! /ress ,( w1 t flames above ! s\l's despair6 ,dally no long]3 up1 set to ?y h&2 ,or see 8 love unclo!d & nak$ /&4 ,= he ha? sworn1 & by ?is oa? w bide1 ,e'en ?\gh 8 life be lo/ 9 ! endeav\r1 ,to leave no way1 nor art1 nor wile untri$1 ,until he pluck ! fruit he sighs = ev]3 ,&1 ?\gh he /ill w\ld sp>e ?y hone/ pride1 ,! knot t b9ds him he mu/ loose or sev]2 ,?\ too1 ,o lady1 %\ld/ make %>p ?y knife1 ,if ?\ art fa9 to end ?is amor\s /rife4 ,lo6 if ?\ l+]e/ /ill 9 dubi\s dread1 ,le/ ?\ %\ld/ lose fair fame ( hone/y1 ,"h ha/ ?\ ne$ ( wile & w>ihead1 ,to te/ ?y lov]'s /r5g? 9 scre5+ !e2 ,indulge him1 if ?\ f9d him well be/ead1 ,kn[+ t smo!r$ love flames outw>dly3 ,!re=e1 seek means1 se>* out "s privy way2 ,keep n ! /e$ too long at idle play4 ,or if ?\ he$e/ :at ^? fri>s tea*1 ,i _c fail1 lady1 to call !e fool3 ,well may !y blame our private s9s & prea*2 ,b ill _! acts mat* ) _! spok5 rule2 ,! same pit* cl+s to all m51 "o & ea*4 ,!re1 ,i h spok53 set ! _w to s*ool ,) ?is true prov]b1 too1 be well acqua9t$ ,! devil's ne'er s black z he is pa9t$4 ,nor did our good ,"l give su* grace to !e ,t ?\ %\ld/ keep x buri$ 9 ?y brea/1 ,b to rew>d ?y s]vant's con/ancy1 ,^: love & loyal fai? ?\ ha/ repress$3 ,?9k x no s9 to be "s trifle free1 ,because ?\ live/ at a "l's behe/2 ,= if he take en\gh to fe$ 8 fill1 ,to ca/ ! re/ away 7 surely ill4 ,!y f9d mo/ fav\r 9 ! sight ( heav5 ,:o to ! poor & hungry are mo/ k9d2 ,a hundr$-fold %all ?us to !e be giv5 ,by ,god1 :o loves ! free & g5]\s m9d2 ,?rice /rike ?y brea/1 ) pure contrition riv51 ,cry+3 ,i s9n$2 my s9 ha? made me bl9d6-- ,he wants n mu*3 en\gh if he be able ,to pick up crumbs t fall b5ea? ?y table4 ,:]e=e1 ,o lady1 break ! ice at l5g?2 ,make ?\1 too1 trial ( love's fruits & fl[]s3 ,:5 9 ?9e arms ?\ feel'/ ?y lov]'s /r5g?1 ,?\ wilt rep5t ( all ^! wa/$ h\rs2 ,husb&s1 !y "k n love1 its bread? & l5g?1 ,see+ _! he>ts are n on fire l ours3 ,?+s long$ = give mo/ pleasure2 ?is ,i tell !e3 ,if /ill ?\ d\bte/ let ! pro( compel !e4 ,:at ,i h spok5 is pure gospel soo?2 ,i h told all my m9d1 )hold+ n\ght3 ,& well1 ,i we51 ?\ can/ unhusk ! tru?1 ,& ?r\gh ! riddle read ! hidd5 ?\ght3 ,p]*ance if heav5 /ill smile ^u my y\?1 ,"s good effect = me may yet be wr\ght3 ,!n f>e !e well2 too _m words (f5d3 ,%e :o is wise is quick to compreh5d4 ,! levity ( ^! love-decl>ations & ! flu5cy ( _! v[s %[ !m to be 'false z dic]s' oa?s1' m]e v]ses ( ! mom5t1 made to please a facile mi/ress4 ,"o long poem1 :i* _c be /yl$ a ,rispetto1 b is r a ,canzone ( ! legitimate type1 /&s out ) di/9ctness f ! re/ ( ,poliziano's love-v]ses4 ,x 0 writt5 by him = ,giuliano de' ,m$ici1 9 praise ( ! fair ,simonetta4 ,! foll[+ v]sion attempts to repeat its metrical effects 9 "s measure3-- ,my task x is1 s9ce ?us ,love wills1 :o /ra9s ,& =ces all ! _w b5ea? 8 sway1 ,9 l[ly v]se to say ,! great delight t 9 my bosom reigns4 ,= if p]*ance ,i took b little pa9s ,to tell "s "p ( all ! joy ,i f9d1 ,i might be deem'd unk9d ,by "o :o knew my he>t's deep happ9ess4 ,he feels b little bliss :o hides 8 bliss2 ,small joy ha? he ^: joy is nev] sung2 ,& he :o curbs 8 tongue ,?r\gh c[>dice1 kn[s b ( love ! "n4 ,:]e=e to succ\r & augm5t ! fame ,( t pure1 virtu\s1 wise1 & lovely may1 ,:o l ! /> ( day ,%9es mid ! />s1 or l ! ris+ sun1 ,=? f my burn+ he>t ! words %all run4 ,f>1 f> be envy1 f> be jeal\s fe>1 ,) discord d>k & dre>1 ,& all ! *oir t is ( love ! foe4-- ,! season _h return$ :5 s(t w9ds bl[1 ,! season fri5dly to "y lov]s coy1 ,:i* bids !m clo! _! joy ,9 div]s g>bs & _m a mask$ disguise4 ,!n ,i to track ! game 'nea? ,april skies ,w5t =? 9 raim5t /range app>elld1 ,& by k9d fate 0 l$ ,unto ! spot :]e /ay$ my s\l's desire4 ,! beaute\s nymph :o fe$s my s\l ) fire1 ,i f\nd 9 g5tle1 pure1 & prud5t mood1 ,9 graceful attitude1 ,lov+ & c\rte\s1 holy1 wise1 b5ign4 ,s sweet1 s t5d] 0 h] face div9e1 ,s gladsome1 t 9 ^? cele/ial eyes ,%one p]fect p>adise1 ,yea1 all ! good t we poor mortals crave4 ,ar\nd h] 0 a b& s nobly brave ,( beaute\s dames1 t z ,i gaz$ at ^! ,me?\ght heav5's goddesses ,t day = once _h deign$ to visit e>?4 ,b %e :o gives my s\l sorr[ & mir?1 ,seem$ ,pallas 9 h] gait1 & 9 h] face ,v5us2 = e grace ,& beauty ( ! _w 9 h] comb9$4 ,m]ely to ?9k1 f> m to tell my m9d ,( t mo/ wondr\s sight1 conf\nde? me1 ,= mid ! maid5s %e ,:o mo/ resembl$ h] 0 f\nd mo/ r>e4 ,call ye ano!r fir/ among ! fair2 ,n fir/1 b sole be=e my lady set3 ,lily & violet ,& all ! fl[]s bel[ ! rose mu/ b[4 ,d[n f h] royal head & lu/r\s br[ ,! gold5 curls fell sportively unp5t1 ,:ile ?r\gh ! *oir %e w5t ,) feet well lesson$ to ! rhy?mic s\nd4 ,h] eyes1 ?\gh sc>cely rais$ above ! gr\nd1 ,s5t me by /eal? a ray div9ely fair2 ,b /ill h] jeal\s hair ,broke ! bright beam1 & veil$ h] f my gaze4 ,%e1 born & nurs$ 9 heav5 = angels' praise1 ,no soon] saw ?is wrong1 ?an back %e drew1 ,) h& ( pure/ hue1 ,h] truant curls ) k9d & g5tle mi54 ,!n f h] eyes a s\l s fi]y ke51 ,s sweet a s\l ( love %e ca/ on m9e1 ,t sc>ce c ,i div9e ,h[ !n ,i 'scap$ f burn+ utt]ly4 ,^! are ! fir/ fair signs ( love to be1 ,t b\nd my he>t ) adamant1 & ^! ,! mat*less c\rtesies ,:i*1 dreamlike1 /ill be=e m9e eyes mu/ hov]4 ,?is is ! honey$ food %e gave h] lov]1 ,to make him1 s x pleas$ h]1 half-div9e2 ,nect> is n s f9e1 ,nor ambrosy1 ! fabl$ fea/ ( ,jove4 ,!n1 yield+ pro(s m cle> & /rong ( love1 ,z ?\gh to %[ ! fai? )9 h] he>t1 ,%e mov$1 ) subtle art1 ,h] feet accordant to ! amor\s air4 ,b :ile ,i gaze & pray to ,god t ne'er ,might cease t happy dance angelical1 ,o h>%1 unk9d recall6 ,back to ! banquet 0 %e beckond4 ,%e1 ) h] face at fir/ ) pallor spread1 ,!n t9t$ ) a blu% ( coral dye1 ',! ball is be/6' did cry1 ,g5tle 9 tone & smil+ z %e spake4 ,b f h] eyes cele/ial =? did break ,fav\r at p>t+2 & ,i well c\ld see ,"y love confus$ly ,enclos$ )9 ! furtive f]v5t gaze1 ,heat+ 8 arr[s at _! beaute\s rays1 ,= w> ) ,pallas & ) ,dian cold4 ,fair] ?an mortal m\ld1 ,%e mov$ maje/ic ) cele/ial gait2 ,& ) h] h& h] robe 9 royal /ate ,rais$1 z %e w5t ) pride ineffable4 ,( me ,i _c tell1 ,:e!r alive or dead ,i !re 0 left4 ,nay1 dead1 me?9ks6 s9ce ,i ( !e 0 reft1 ,light ( my life6 & yet1 p]*ance1 alive-- ,su* virtue to revive ,my l+]+ s\l possess$ ?y beaute\s face1 ,b if t p[]ful *>m ( ?y great grace ,c\ld !n ?y loyal lov] s su/a91 ,:y comes !re n aga9 ,m (t5 or m soon ! sweet delight8 ,twice ha? ! w&]+ moon ) borr[$ light ,/or$ f h] bro!r's rays h] cresc5t horn1 ,nor yet ha? =tune borne ,me on ! way to s mu* bliss aga94 ,e>? smiles anew2 fair spr+ r5ews h] reign3 ,! grass & e %rub once m is gre52 ,! amor\s birds beg91 ,f w9t] loos$1 to fill ! field ) song4 ,see h[ 9 lov+ pairs ! cattle ?rong2 ,! bull1 ! ram1 _! amor\s j\/s enjoy3 ,?\ maid51 ,i a boy1 ,%all we prove traitors to love's law = aye8 ,%all we ^! ye>s t are s fair let fly8 ,wilt ?\ n put ?y fl[] ( y\? to use8 ,or ) ?y beauty *oose ,to make him ble/ :o loves !e be/ ( all8 ,haply ,i am "s h9d :o gu>ds ! /all1 ,or ( vile l9eage1 or ) ye>s outworn1 ,poor1 or a cripple born1 ,or fa9t ( _s t y spurn me s8 ,nay1 b my race is noble & do? gr[ ,) hon\r to our l&1 ) pomp & p[]2 ,my y\? is yet 9 fl[]1 ,& x may *ance "s maid5 sighs = me4 ,my lot x is to deal "r royally ,) all ! goods t =tune spreads ar\nd1 ,= /ill !y m ab\nd1 ,%ak5 f h] full lap1 ! m ,i wa/e4 ,my /r5g? is su* z :oso tries %all ta/e2 ,circl$ ) fri5ds1 ) fav\rs cr[n$ am ,i3 ,yet ?\gh ,i rank s high ,among ! ble/1 z m5 may reckon bliss1 ,/ill )\t !e1 my hope1 my happ9ess1 ,x seems a sad1 & bitt] ?+ to live6 ,!n /9t me n1 b give ,t joy :i* holds all joys enclos$ 9 "o4 ,let me pluck fruits at la/1 n fl[]s alone6 ,) mu* t is frigid1 artificial1 & t$i\s 9 ?is old-fa%ion$ love-song1 !re is a curi\s monotony ( sweetness :i* comm5ds x to our e>s2 & he :o reads x may rememb] ! pr(ile portrait ( ,simonetta f ! h& ( ,pi]o della ,francesca 9 ! ,pitti ,palace at ,flor5ce4 ,x is wor? comp>+ ,poliziano's treatm5t ( popul> or semi-popul> v]se-=ms ) 8 imitations ( ,petr>*'s mann]4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h *os5 a ,canzone1 cle>ly writt5 9 competition ) ! celebrat$ ',*i>e1 fres*e e dolci acque1' ( ,laura's lov]4 ,:ile closely modell$ ^u ,petr>*'s =m & simil> 9 motive1 ?is ,canzone pres]ves ,poliziano's special qualities ( flu5cy & empt9ess ( cont5t4 ,hills1 valleys1 caves & fells1 ,) fl[]s & leaves & h]bage spread2 ,gre5 mead[s2 %ad[y groves :]e light is l[2 ,lawns wat]$ ) ! rills ,t cruel ,love ha? made me %$1 ,ca/ f ^! cl\dy eyes s d>k ) woe2 ,?\ /ream t /ill do/ "k ,:at fell pangs pi]ce my he>t1 ,s do/ ?\ murmur back my moan2 ,lone bird t *aunte/ tone = tone1 ,:ile 9 our descant dre> ,love s+s 8 "p3 ,nymphs1 woodl& w&]]s1 w9d & air2 ,li/ to ! s\nd out-p\r$ f my despair6 ,sev5 times & once m sev5 ,! roseate dawn h] beaute\s br[ ,enwrea!d ) ori5t jewels ha? display$2 ,cyn?ia once m 9 heav5 ,ha? orb$ h] horns ) silv] n[2 ,:ile 9 sea waves h] bro!r's light 0 laid2 ,s9ce ?is high m\nta9 glade ,felt ! :ite foot/eps fall ,( t pr\d lady1 :o to spr+ ,conv]ts :atev] woodl& ?+ ,%e may o'er%ad[1 t\*1 or he$ at all4 ,"h bloom ! fl[]s1 ! grasses spr+ ,f h] bright eyes1 & dr9k :at m9e mu/ br+4 ,yea1 n\ri%$ ) my te>s ,is e little leaf ,i see1 ,& ! /ream rolls !re) a pr\d] wave4 ,ah me6 ?r\gh :at long ye>s ,w %e )hold h] face f me1 ,:i* /ills ! /ormy skies h[e'er !y rave8 ,speak6 or 9 grove or cave ,if "o ha? se5 h] /ray1 ,pluck+ amid ^? grasses gre5 ,wrea?s = h] royal br[s s]5e1 ,fl[]s :ite & blue & r$ & gold5 gay6 ,nay1 pri!e1 speak1 if pity dwell ,among ^! woods1 )9 ?is leafy dell6 ,o ,love6 'twas "h we saw1 ,b5ea? ! new-fl$g$ leaves t spr+ ,f ?is old bee*1 h] fair =m l[ly laid3-- ,! ?\ght r5ews my awe6 ,h[ sweetly did h] tresses fl+ ,waves ( wrea!d gold unto ! w9ds t /ray$ ,fire1 fro/ )9 me play$1 ,:ile ,i beheld ! bloom ,( laugh+ fl[]s--,o day ( bliss6-- ,ar\nd ^? tresses meet & kiss1 ,& roses 9 h] lap ( ,love ! home6 ,h] grace1 h] port div9ely fair1 ,describe x1 ,love6 myself ,i d n d>e4 ,9 mute int5t surprise ,i gaz$1 z :5 a h9d is se5 ,to dote ^u its image 9 a rill2 ,dr9k+ ^? love-lit eyes1 ,^? h&s1 t face1 ^? words s]5e1 ,t song :i* ) delight ! heav5 did fill1 ,t smile :i* ?ralls me /ill1 ,:i* melte? /ones unk9d1 ,:i* 9 ?is woodl& wild]ness ,tames e bea/ & /ills ! /ress ,( hurry+ wat]s4 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld f9d ,h] footpr9ts ^u field or grove6 ,i %\ld n !n be envi\s ( ,jove4 ,?\ cool /ream rippl+ by1 ,:]e (t x pleas$ h] to dip ,h] nak$ foot1 h[ ble/ art ?\6 ,ye bran*+ trees on high1 ,t spread y\r gn>l$ roots on ! lip ,( yond] hang+ rock to dr9k heav5's dew6 ,%e (t5 lean$ on y1 ,%e :o is my life's bliss6 ,?\ anci5t bee* ) moss o'ergr[n1 ,h[ d ,i envy !e ?y ?rone1 ,f\nd wor?y to receive su* happ9ess6 ,ye w9ds1 h[ blissful mu/ ye be1 ,s9ce ye h borne to heav5 h] h>mony6 ,! w9ds t music bore1 ,& waft$ x to ,god on high1 ,t ,p>adise might h ! joy !re(4 ,fl[]s "h %e pluck$1 & wore ,wild roses f ! ?orn h>d by3 ,?is air %e light5$ ) h] look ( love3 ,?is runn+ /ream above1 ,%e b5t h] face6--,ah me6 ,:]e am ,i8 ,:at sweet makes me swoon8 ,:at calm is 9 ! kiss ( noon8 ,:o br\ght me "h8 ,:o speaks8 ,:at melody8 ,:5ce came pure peace into my s\l8 ,:at joy ha? rapt me f my own control8 ,poliziano's refra9 is always3 ',ga!r ye rosebuds :ile ye may4 ,x is spr+-"t n[ & y\?4 ,w9t] & old age are com+6' ,a ,maggio1 or ,may-day song1 describ+ ! games1 dances1 & j\/+ mat*es ( ! ,flor5t9e lads ^u ! morn+ ( ! fir/ ( ,may1 expresses ?is facile philosophy ( life ) a qua9tness t recalls ,h]rick4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ,maggio is built1 s f> z rhymes g1 on ! same sy/em z ,poliziano's ,ballata4 ,x has consid]able hi/orical int]e/1 = ! op5+ c\plet is said to be ,guido ,cavalcanti's1 :ile ! :ole poem is claim$ by ,roscoe = ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 & by ,c>ducci ) bett] reason = ,poliziano4 ,welcome 9 ! ,may ,& ! woodl& g>l& gay6 ,welcome 9 ! jocund spr+ ,:i* bids all m5 lov]s be6 ,maid5s1 up ) c>oll+1 ,) y\r swee!>ts /\t & free1 ,) roses & ) blossoms ye ,:o deck y\rselves ?is fir/ ( ,may6 ,up1 & =? into ! pure ,mead[s1 mid ! trees & fl[]s6 ,e beauty is secure ,) s _m ba*elors3 ,bea/s & birds amid ! b[]s ,burn ) love ?is fir/ ( ,may4 ,maid5s1 :o are "y & fair1 ,be n h>%1 ,i c\nsel y2 ,= y\r y\? _c repair ,h] prime ( spr+1 z mead[s d3 ,none be pr\d1 b all be true ,to m5 :o love1 ?is fir/ ( ,may4 ,dance & c>ol e "o ,( our b& s bright & gay6 ,see y\r swee!>ts h[ !y run ,?r\gh ! j\/s = y to-day6 ,%e :o sai? h] lov] nay1 ,w defl[] ! sweets ( ,may1 ,lads 9 love take sword & %ield ,to make pretty girls _! prize3 ,yield ye1 m]ry maid5s1 yield ,to y\r lov]s' v[s & sighs3 ,give 8 he>t back ere x dies3 ,wage n w> ?is fir/ ( ,may4 ,he :o /eals ano!r's he>t1 ,let him give 8 own he>t too3 ,:o's ! robb]8 ',tis ! sm>t ,little *]ub ,cupid1 :o ,homage comes to pay ) y1 ,damsels1 to ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,love comes smil+2 r\nd 8 head ,lilies :ite & roses meet3 ',tis = y 8 flight is sp$4 ,fair "o1 ha/e our k+ to greet3 ,:o w fl+ him blossoms sweet ,soone/ on ?is fir/ ( ,may8 ,welcome1 /rang]6 welcome1 k+6 ,love1 :at ha/ ?\ to comm&8 ,t ea* girl ) wrea?s %\ld r+ ,h] lov]'s hair ) lov+ h&1 ,t girls small & great %\ld b& ,9 ,love's ranks ?is fir/ ( ,may4 ,! ,canto ,c>nascialesco1 = ! f9al developm5t if n = ! inv5tion ( :i* all cr$it mu/ be giv5 to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 does n greatly diff] f ! ,maggio 9 /ructure4 ,x admitt$1 h[ev]1 ( great v>ieties1 & 0 g5]ally m complex 9 its int]weav+ ( rhymes4 ,yet ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( an exordium :i* %\ld also s]ve = a refra91 0 r>ely1 if ev]1 dep>t$ f4 ,two specim5s ( ! ,c>nival ,song w s]ve to br+ into close contra/ two v diff]5t aspects ( ,flor5t9e hi/ory4 ,! e>li] 0 compos$ by ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici at ! height ( 8 p[] & 9 ! summ] ( ,italian indep5d5ce4 ,x 0 sung by masqu]s attir$ 9 classical co/ume1 to repres5t ,bac*us & 8 crew4 ,fair is y\? & void ( sorr[2 ,b x h\rly flies away4-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,?is is ,bac*us & ! bright ,ariadne1 lov]s true6 ,!y1 9 fly+ "t's despite1 ,ea* ) ea* f9d pleasure new2 ,^! _! ,nymphs1 & all _! crew ,keep p]petual holiday4-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,^! bli! ,satyrs1 wanton-ey$1 ,( ! ,nymphs are p>am\rs3 ,?r\gh ! caves & =e/s wide ,!y h sn>$ !m mid ! fl[]s2 ,w>m$ ) ,bac*us1 9 8 b[]s1 ,n[ !y dance & leap alway4-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,^! fair ,nymphs1 !y are n lo? ,to entice _! lov]s' wiles4 ,none b ?ankless folk & r\gh ,c resi/ :5 ,love beguiles4 ,n[ enlac$1 ) wrea?d smiles1 ,all toge!r dance & play4-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,see ?is load beh9d !m plodd+ ,on ! ass6 ,sil5us he1 ,old & drunk51 m]ry1 nodd+1 ,full ( ye>s & jollity2 ,?\gh he goes s sway+ly1 ,yet he laughs & quaffs alway4-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,midas treads a we>i] measure3 ,all he t\*es turns to gold3 ,if !re be no ta/e ( pleasure1 ,:at's ! use ( weal? untold8 ,:at's ! joy 8 f+]s hold1 ,:5 he's =c$ to ?ir/ = aye8-- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,li/5 well to :at we're say+2 ,( to-morr[ h no c>e6 ,"y & old toge!r play+1 ,boys & girls1 be bli! z air6 ,e sorry ?\ght =swe>6 ,keep p]petual holiday4--- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day2 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,ladies & gay lov]s "y6 ,long live ,bac*us1 live ,desire6 ,dance & play2 let songs be sung2 ,let sweet love y\r bosoms fire2 ,9 ! future come :at may6--- ,y\?s & maids1 enjoy to-day6 ,n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[4 ,fair is y\? & void ( sorr[2 ,b x h\rly flies away4 ,! next1 compos$ by ,antonio ,alamanni1 aft] ,lor5zo's dea? & ! om9\s passage ( ,*>les ,,viii41 0 sung by masqu]s habit$ z skeletons4 ,! c> !y rode on1 0 a ,c> ( ,dea? design$ by ,pi]o di ,cosimo1 & _! music 0 purposely gloomy4 ,if 9 ! jovial days ( ! ,m$ici ! /reets ( ,flor5ce _h rung to ! ?\ghtless refra91 ',n\ght ye "k ab\t to-morr[1' !y n[ re-e*o$ ) a cry ( ',p5it5ce2' = times _h /rangely alt]$1 & ! he$less pa/ _h br\ght =? a doleful pres5t4 ,! la/ /anza ( ,alamanni's *orus is a some:at clumsy attempt to adapt ! too real moral ( 8 subject to ! cu/om>y mood ( ! ,c>nival4 ,sorr[1 te>s1 & p5it5ce ,are our doom ( pa9 = aye2 ,?is dead conc\rse rid+ by ,ha? no cry b p5it5ce6 ,e'en z y are1 once 7 we3 ,y %all be z n[ we are3 ,we are dead m51 z y see3 ,we %all see y dead m51 :]e ,n\ght avails to take great c>e1 ,aft] s9s1 ( p5it5ce4 ,we too 9 ! ,c>nival ,sang our love-songs ?r\gh ! t[n2 ,?us f s9 to s9 we all ,headlong1 he$less1 tumbl$ d[n3-- ,n[ we cry1 ! _w ar\nd1 ,p5it5ce6 oh1 ,p5it5ce6 ,s5seless1 bl9d1 & /ubborn fools6 ,"t /eals all ?+s z he rides3 ,hon\rs1 glories1 /ates1 & s*ools1 ,pass away1 & n\ght abides2 ,till ! tomb our c>case hides1 ,& compels ?is p5it5ce4 ,?is %>p scy! y see u be>1 ,br+s ! _w at l5g? to woe3 ,b f life to life we f>e2 ,& t life is joy or woe3 ,all heav5's bliss on him do? fl[ ,:o on e>? does p5it5ce4 ,liv+ "h1 we all mu/ die2 ,dy+1 e s\l %all live3 ,= ! ,k+ ( k+s on high ,?is fix$ ord9ance do? give3 ,lo1 y all are fugitive6 ,p5it5ce6 ,cry ,p5it5ce6 ,torm5t great & griev\s dole ,ha? ! ?ankless he>t mid y2 ,b ! man ( pite\s s\l ,f9ds mu* hon\r 9 our crew3 ,love = lov+ is ! due ,t prev5ts ?is p5it5ce4 ,sorr[1 te>s1 & p5it5ce ,are our doom ( pa9 = aye3 ,?is dead conc\rse rid+ by ,ha? no cry b ,p5it5ce6 ,"o song = danc+1 compos$ less ^u ! type ( ! ,ballata ?an on t ( ! ,c>nival ,song1 may "h be introduc$1 n only 9 illu/ration ( ! v>i$ =ms assum$ by ?is /yle ( poetry1 b also because x is highly *>act]i/ic ( ,tuscan t[n-life4 ,?is poem 9 ! vulg> /yle has be5 ascrib$ to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 b probably )\t due reason4 ,x describes ! mann]s & cu/oms ( female /reet gossips4 ,s9ce y beg ) su* a grace1 ,h[ c ,i refuse a song1 ,:olesome1 hone/1 void ( wrong1 ,on ! follies ( ! place8 ,c\rte\sly on y ,i call2 ,li/5 well to :at ,i s+3 ,= my r\ndelay to all ,may p]*ance in/ruction br+1 ,& ( life good lesson+4-- ,:5 9 company y meet1 ,or sit sp9n+1 all ! /reet ,clam\rs l a m>ket-place4 ,?irty ( y !re may be2 ,tw5ty-n9e are sure to buzz1 ,& ! s+le sil5t %e ,racks h] bra9s ab\t h] coz3-- ,mrs4 ,buzz & ,mrs4 ,huzz1 ,m9d y\r "w1 my ditty sai?2 ,d n gossip till y\r brea? ,fails & leaves y black ( face6 ,gov]nm5ts g out & 93-- ,y ! tru? mu/ ne$s discov]4 ,is a girl ab\t to w9 ,a brave husb& 9 h] lov]8-- ,/raight y set to talk him ov]3 ',is he weal?y8' ',does 8 coat ,fit8' ',& has he got a vote8' ',:o's 8 fa!r8' ',:at's 8 race8' ,out ( w9d[ "o head pokes2 ,tw5ty o!rs d ! same3-- ,*att]1 clatt]6--creaks & croaks ,all ! ye> ! same old game6-- ',see my sp9n+6' cries "o dame1 ',five long ells ( clo?1 ,i tr[6' ,cries ano!r1 ',m9e mu/ g1 ,drat x1 to ! blea*+ base6' ',devil take ! f[l6' says "o3 ',m9e are all bewit*$1 ,i guess2 ,cocks & h5s ) v]m9 run1 ,mangy1 fil?y1 fea!rless4' ,says ano!r3 ',i confess ,e hair ,i drop1 ,i keep-- ,plague ^u x1 9 a heap ,fall+ (f to my disgrace6' ,if y see a fell[ walk ,up or d[n ! /reet & back1 ,h[ y nod & w9k & talk1 ,hurry-skurry1 cluck & clack6-- ',:at1 ,i wond]1 does he lack ,"h ab\t8'--',!re's some?+ wrong6' ,till ! poor man's made a song ,= ! female populace4 ,x 7 well y gave no ?\ght ,to su* idle company2 ,%un ^! gossips1 c>e = n\ght ,b ! bus9ess t y ply4 ,y :o *att]1 y :o cry1 ,he$ my words2 be wise1 ,i pray3 ,few]1 %ort] /ories say3 ,bide at home1 & m9d y\r place4 ,s9ce y beg ) su* a grace1 ,h[ c ,i refuse a song1 ,:olesome1 hone/1 void ( wrong1 ,on ! follies ( ! place8 ,! ,madrigale1 int5d$ to be sung 9 p>ts1 0 ano!r species ( popul> poetry cultivat$ by ! greate/ ( ,italian writ]s4 ,)\t seek+ examples f su* m5 z ,petr>*1 ,mi*elangelo1 or ,tasso1 :o us$ x z a purely lit]>y =m1 ,i w cont5t myself ) a few ,madrigals by anonym\s compos]s1 m truly popul> 9 /yle1 & m imm$iately int5d$ = music4#cb ,! simil>ity bo? ( mann] & matt]1 betwe5 ^! little poems & ! ,ballate1 is obvi\s4 ,!re is ! same affectation ( ru/icity 9 bo?4 ,cogli5do p] un prato4 ,pluck+ :ite lilies 9 a field ,i saw ,fair wom51 lad5 ) "y ,love's delight3 ,"s sang1 "s danc$2 b all 7 fre% & bright4 ,!n by ! m>g9 ( a f\nt !y lean$1 ,& ( ^? fl[]s made g>l&s = _! hair-- ,wrea?s = _! gold5 tresses qua9t & r>e4 ,=? f ! field ,i pass$1 & gaz$ ^u ,_! lovel9ess1 & lo/ my he>t to "o4 ,togli5do l' una all' altra4 ,"o f ! o!r borr[+ leaves & fl[]s1 ,i saw fair maid5s 'nea? ! summ] trees1 ,weav+ bright g>l&s ) l[ love-ditties4 ,mid t sweet si/]hood ! lovelie/ ,turn$ h] s(t eyes to me1 & :isp]$1 ',take6' ,love-lo/ ,i /ood1 & n a ^w ,i spake4 ,my he>t %e read1 & h] fair g>l& gave3 ,!re=e ,i am h] s]vant to ! grave4 ,appress' un fiume *i>o4 ,h>d by a cry/al /ream ,girls & maids 7 danc+ r\nd ,a lilac ) fair blossoms cr[n$4 ,mid ^! ,i spi$ out "o ,s t5d]-sweet1 s love-lad51 ,%e /ole my he>t ) s++ !n3 ,love 9 h] face s lovely-k9d ,& eyes & h&s my s\l did b9d4 ,di riva 9 riva4 ,f lawn to lea ,love l$ me d[n ! valley1 ,seek+ my hawk1 :]e 'nea? a pleasant hill ,i spi$ fair maid5s ba?+ 9 a rill4 ,l9a 0 !re all lovel9ess excell+2 ,! pleasure ( h] beauty made me sad1 ,& yet at sight ( h] my s\l 0 glad4 ,d[nw>d ,i ca/ m9e eyes ) mode/ seem+1 ,& all a tremble f ! f\nta9 fl$3 ,= ea* 0 nak$ z h] maid5head4 ,!nce s++ f>$ ,i ?r\gh a fl[]y pla91 ,:]e bye & bye ,i f\nd my hawk aga96 ,nel *i>o fiume4 ,d[n a fair /reamlet cry/al-cle> & pleasant ,i w5t a fi%+ all alone "o day1 ,& spi$ ?ree maid5s ba?+ !re at play4 ,( love !y told ea* o!r honey$ /ories1 ,:ile ) :ite h&s !y smote ! /ream1 to wet ,_! sunbright hair 9 ! pure rivulet4 ,gaz+ ,i cr\*$ among ?ick fl[]+ leafage1 ,till "o :o spi$ a ru/l+ bran* on high1 ,turn$ to h] comrades ) a sudd5 cry1 ,& ',g6 ,nay1 pri!e g6' %e call$ to me3 ',to /ay 7 surely b scant c\rtesy4' ,quel sole *e nutrica4 ,! sun :i* makes a lily bloom1 ,leans d[n at times on h] to gaze-- ,fair]1 he deems1 ?an 8 fair rays3 ,!n1 hav+ look$ a little :ile1 ,he turns & tells ! sa9ts 9 bliss ,h[ m>vell\s h] beauty is4 ,?us up 9 heav5 ) flute & /r+ ,?y lovel9ess ! angels s+4 ,di novo giunt'4 ,lo3 "h ha? come an errant knight ,on a b>b$ *>g] clo!d 9 mail3 ,8 ar*]s scatt] iron hail4 ,at br[ & brea/ 8 mace he aims2 ,:o !re=e ha? n arms ( pro(1 ,let him live lock$ by door & ro(2 ,until ,dame ,summ] on a day ,t grisly knight return to slay4 ,poliziano's treatm5t ( ! octave /anza = ,rispetti 0 comp>atively popul>4 ,b 9 8 poem ( ',la ,gio/ra1' writt5 to commemorate ! victory ( ,giuliano de' ,m$ici 9 a t\rnam5t & to celebrate 8 mi/ress1 he gave a new & ri*] =m to ! metre :i* ,boccaccio _h already us$ = epic v]se4 ,! slight & un9t]e/+ framework ( ?is poem1 :i* op5$ a new sph]e = ,italian lit]ature1 & prep>$ ! way = ,ario/o's gold5 cantos1 might be comp>$ to "o ( ^? wire baskets :i* *ildr5 /eep 9 alum wat]1 & incru/ ) cry/als1 sp>kl+1 artificial1 beautiful ) col\rs n _! own4 ,! m9d ( ,poliziano held1 z x 71 9 solution all ! images & ?\ghts ( antiquity1 all ! ri*es ( 8 native lit]ature4 ,9 t va/ res]voir ( poems & my?ologies & phrases1 s pati5tly accumulat$1 s t5aci\sly pres]v$1 s ?or\ghly assimilat$1 he plung$ ! trivial subject he _h *os51 & triumphantly pres5t$ to ! _w ! spolia opima ( s*ol>%ip & ta/e4 ,:at matt]$ x t ! !me 0 slight8 ,! art 0 p]fect1 ! result spl5did4 ,"o canto ( #abe /anzas describes ! y\? ( ,giuliano1 :o s\ght to pass 8 life among ! woods1 a hunt] dead to love1 b :o 0 doom$ to be ensn>$ by ,cupid4 ,! *ase1 ! beauty ( ,simonetta1 ! palace ( ,v5us1 ^! are ! ?ree subjects ( a book z long z ! fir/ ,iliad4 ,! second canto beg9s ) dreams & prophecies ( glory to be won by ,giuliano 9 ! t\rnam5t4 ,b x /ops abruptly4 ,! tragic cata/rophe ( ! ,pazzi ,conjuration cut %ort ,poliziano's panegyric by ! murd] ( 8 h]o4 ,mean:ile ! poet _h a*iev$ 8 purpose4 ,8 torso pres5t$ to ,italy a model ( /yle1 a piece ( writt5 art adequate to ! great pa9t+ ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 a d\ble /> ( poetry :i* bl5t ! spl5d\rs ( ! anci5t & ! mod]n _w4 ,to r5d] into wor?y ,engli% ! h>monies ( ,poliziano is a difficult task4 ,yet ?is mu/ be attempt$ if an ,engli% read] is to ga9 any notion ( ! scope & sub/ance ( ! ,italian poet's art4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! poem we are plac$1 z x 71 at ! mid po9t betwe5 ! ',hippolytus' ( ,euripides & ,%aksp]e's ',v5us & ,adonis4' ,! cold hunt] ,giuliano is to see ,simonetta1 & see+1 is to love h]4 ,?is is h[ he fir/ discov]s ! triumphant beauty3#cc ,:ite is ! maid1 & :ite ! robe ar\nd h]1 ,) buds & roses & ?9 grasses pi$2 ,enwrea?d folds ( gold5 tresses cr[n$ h]1 ,%ad[+ h] =ehead fair ) mode/ pride3 ,! wild wood smil$2 ! ?icket :]e he f\nd h]1 ,to ease 8 angui%1 bloom$ on e side3 ,s]5e %e sits1 ) ge/ure que5ly mild1 ,& ) h] br[ temp]s ! tempe/s wild4 ,aft] ?ree /anzas ( ?is sort1 9 :i* ! poet's /yle is m app>5t ?an ! object he describes1 occurs ?is *>m+ picture3-- ,recl9$ he f\nd h] on ! sw>d$ grass ,9 jocund mood2 & g>l&s %e _h made ,( e fl[] t 9 ! mead[ 01 ,or on h] robe ( _m hues display$2 ,b :5 %e saw ! y\? be=e h] pass1 ,rais+ h] timid head a:ile %e /ay$2 ,!n ) h] :ite h& ga!r$ up h] dress1 ,& /ood1 lap-full ( fl[]s1 9 lovel9ess4 ,!n ?r\gh ! dewy field ) foot/ep sl[ ,! l+]+ maid began to take h] way1 ,leav+ h] lov] 9 great fe> & woe1 ,= n[ he longs = n\ght b h] alway3 ,! wret*1 :o _c be> t %e %\ld g1 ,/rives ) a :isp]$ pray] h] feet to /ay2 ,& ?us at la/1 all trembl+1 all afire1 ,9 humble wise he brea!s 8 s\l's desire3 ',:oe'er ?\ art1 maid among maid5s que51 ,goddess1 or nymph--nay1 goddess seems mo/ cle>-- ,if goddess1 sure my ,dian ,i h se52 ,if mortal1 let ?y prop] self appe>6 ,beyond t]re/rial beauty is ?y mi52 ,i h no m]it t ,i %\ld be "h6 ,:at grace ( heav51 :at lucky /> b5ign ,yields me ! sight ( beauty s div9e8' ,a conv]sation ensues1 aft] :i* ,giuliano dep>ts utt]ly lovesick1 & ,cupid takes w+ exult+ly = ,cyprus1 :]e 8 "m's palace /&s4 ,9 ! foll[+ picture ( ! h\se ( ,v5us1 :o %all say h[ mu* ( ,ario/o's ,alc9a & ,tasso's ,armida is conta9$8 ,cupid arrives1 & ! family ( ,love is fill$ ) joy at ,giuliano's conque/4 ,f ! plan ( ! poem x is cle> t its beauties are *iefly ^? ( detail4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 v great4 ,h[ p]fect1 = example1 is ! ri*ness comb9$ ) delicacy ( ! foll[+ description ( a c\ntry life3-- ,,book ,i4 ,,/anzas #ag-ba4 ,h[ f> m safe x is1 h[ f> m fair1 ,to *ase ! fly+ de] along ! lea2 ,?r\gh anci5t woods to track _! hidd5 lair1 ,f> f ! t[n1 ) long-drawn subtlety3 ,to scan ! vales1 ! hills1 ! limpid air1 ,! grass & fl[]s1 cle> ice1 & /reams s free2 ,to he> ! birds wake f _! w9t] trance1 ,! w9d-/irr$ leaves & murmur+ wat]s dance4 ,h[ sweet x 7 to wat* ! "y goats hung ,f toppl+ crags1 cropp+ ! t5d] %oot1 ,:ile 9 ?ick plea*d %ade ! %eph]d sung ,8 unc\? rural lay & woke 8 flute2 ,to m>k1 mid dewy grass1 r$ apples flung1 ,& e b\gh ?ick set ) rip5+ fruit1 ,! butt+ rams1 k9e l[+ o'er ! lea1 ,& cornfields wav+ l ! w9dy sea4 ,lo6 h[ ! rugg$ ma/] ( ! h]d ,be=e 8 flock unb>s ! wattl$ cote2 ,!n ) 8 rod & _m a ru/ic ^w ,he rules _! go+3 or 'tis sweet to note ,! delv]1 :5 8 too?d rake ha? /irr$ ,! /ubborn clod1 8 hoe ! glebe ha? smote2 ,b>efoot ! c\ntry girl1 ) loos5$ zone1 ,sp9s1 :ile %e keeps h] geese 'nea? yond] /one4 ,aft] su* happy wise1 9 anci5t ye>s1 ,dwelt ! old nations 9 ! age ( gold2 ,nor _h ! f\nt be5 /irr$ ( mo!rs' te>s ,= sons 9 w>'s fell lab\r />k & cold2 ,nor tru/$ !y to %ips ! wild w9d /e]s1 ,nor yet _h ox5 groan+ pl\gh$ ! wold2 ,_! h\ses 7 huge oaks1 ^: trunks _h /ore ,( honey1 & ^: b\ghs ?ick acorns bore4 ,nor yet1 9 t glad "t1 ! accursd ?ir/ ,( cruel gold _h fall5 on ?is fair e>?3 ,joy\s 9 lib]ty !y liv$ at fir/2 ,unpl\gh$ ! fields s5t =? _! teem+ bir?2 ,till =tune1 envi\s ( su* concord1 bur/ ,! bond ( law1 & pity bann$ & wor?2 ,)9 _! brea/s sprang luxury & t rage ,:i* m5 call love 9 our deg5]ate age4 ,we ne$ n be rem9d$ t ^! /anzas are almo/ a c5to f ,virgil1 ,hesiod1 & ,ovid4 ,! m]its ( ! translator1 adapt]1 & comb9]1 :o knew s well h[ to cull _! beauties & adorn !m ) a p]fect dress ( mod]n diction1 are s em95t t we _c d5y him ! title ( a great poet4 ,x is always 9 picture-pa9t+ m ?an 9 dramatic pres5tation t ,poliziano excels4 ,"h is a basrelief ( ,v5us ris+ f ! ,ocean foam3-- ,,/anzas #ii-ajg4 ,9 ,!tis' lap1 ^u ! vex$ ,egean1 ,! se$ deific f ,olympus s[n1 ,b5ea? dim />s & cycl+ empyrean ,drifts l :ite foam across ! salt waves bl[n2 ,!nce1 born at la/ by movem5ts hym5ean1 ,rises a maid m fair ?an man ha? kn[n2 ,^u h] %ell ! wanton breezes waft h]2 ,%e ne>s ! %ore1 :ile heav5 looks d[n ) laught] ,see+ ! c>v$ "w y w\ld cry t real ,7 %ell & sea1 & real ! w9ds t bl[2 ,! lightn+ ( ! goddess' eyes y feel1 ,! smil+ heav5s1 ! elem5tal gl[3 ,:ite-ve/$ ,h\rs across ! smoo? s&s /eal1 ,) loos5$ curls t to ! breezes fl[2 ,l1 yet unlike1 are all _! beaute\s faces1 ,e'en z befits a *oir ( si/] ,graces4 ,well might y swe> t on ^? waves 7 rid+ ,! goddess ) h] "r h& on h] hair1 ,& ) ! o!r ! sweet apple hid+2 ,& t b5ea? h] feet1 div9ely fair1 ,fre% fl[]s sprang =?1 ! b>r5 s&s divid+2 ,!n t1 ) glad smiles & enticem5ts r>e1 ,! ?ree nymphs r\nd _! que51 embosom+ h]1 ,?rew ! />r$ mantle s(t z gossam]4 ,! "o1 ) h&s above h] head uprais$1 ,^u h] dewy tresses fits a wrea?1 ,) ruddy gold & ori5t gems emblaz$2 ,! second hangs pure pe>ls h] e>s b5ea?2 ,! ?ird r\nd %\ld]s :ite & brea/ ha? plac$ ,su* weal? ( gleam+ c>canets z %ea! ,_! own fair bosoms1 :5 ! ,graces s+ ,among ! gods ) dance & c>oll+4 ,!nce might y see !m ris+ t[>d ! sph]es1 ,seat$ ^u a cl\d ( silv]y :ite2 ,! trembl+ ( ! clov5 air appe>s ,wr\ght 9 ! /one1 & heav5 s]5ely bright2 ,! gods dr9k 9 ) op5 eyes & e>s ,h] beauty1 & desire h] b$'s delight2 ,ea* seems to m>vel ) a mute amaze-- ,_! br[s & =eheads wr9kle z !y gaze4 ,! next quotation %[s ,v5us 9 ! lap ( ,m>s1 & ,visit$ by ,cupid3-- ,,/anzas #abb--abd4 ,/ret*$ on a c\*1 outside ! cov]lid1 ,love f\nd h]1 sc>ce unloos$ f ,m>s' embrace2 ,he1 ly+ back )9 h] bosom1 f$ ,8 eag] eyes on n\ght b h] fair face2 ,roses above !m l a cl\d 7 %$1 ,to re9=ce !m 9 ! amor\s *ace2 ,:ile ,v5us1 quick ) long+s unsuppress$1 ,a ?\s& times 8 eyes & =ehead kiss$4 ,above1 ar\nd1 "y ,loves on e side ,play$ nak$1 d>t+ birdlike to & fro2 ,& "o1 ^: plumes a ?\s& col\rs dy$1 ,fann$ ! %$ roses z !y lay ar[2 ,"o fill$ 8 quiv] ) fre% fl[]s1 & hi$ ,to p\r !m on ! c\* t lay bel[2 ,ano!r1 pois$ ^u 8 p9ions1 ?r\gh ,! fall+ %[] so>$ %ak+ rosy dew3 ,=1 z he quiv]$ ) 8 tremul\s w+1 ,! w&]+ roses 9 _! drift 7 /ay$2-- ,?us none 0 we>y ( glad gamboll+2 ,till ,cupid came1 ) dazzl+ plumes display$1 ,brea?less2 & r\nd 8 "m's neck did fl+ ,8 languid arms1 & ) 8 w9n[+ made ,h] he>t burn3--v glad & bright ( face1 ,b1 ) 8 flight1 too tir$ to speak apace4 ,^! pictures h 9 !m ! v gl[ ( ,italian pa9t+4 ,sometimes we seem to see a qua9t design ( ,pi]o di ,cosimo1 ) bright t9ts & multitud9\s small figures 9 a spaci\s l&scape4 ,sometimes x is ! languid grace ( ,botticelli1 ^: s\l became possess$ ( classic inspiration z x 7 9 dreams1 & :o has pa9t$ ! bir? ( ,v5us almo/ exactly z ,poliziano imag9$ x4 ,aga91 we seize ! broad] beauties ( ! ,v5etian ma/]s1 or ! vehem5ce ( ,giulio ,romano's p5cil4 ,to ! la/ class belong ! two next extracts3-- ,,/anzas #ajd--ajg4 ,9 ! la/ squ>e ! great artific] ,_h wr\ght himself cr[n$ ) ,love's p]fect palm2 ,black f 8 =ge & r\gh1 he runs to h]1 ,leav+ all lab\r = h] bosom's calm3 ,lips jo9$ to lips ) deep love-long+ /ir1 ,fire 9 8 he>t1 & 9 8 _s balm2 ,f> fi]c] flames ?r\gh brea/ & m>r[ fly ,?an ^? :i* heat 8 =ge 9 ,sicily4 ,jove1 on ! o!r side1 becomes a bull1 ,goodly & :ite1 at ,love's behe/1 & re>s ,8 neck b5ea? 8 ri* freight beautiful3 ,%e turns t[>d ! %ore t disappe>s1 ,) fright5$ ge/ure2 & ! wond]ful ,gold curls ab\t h] bosom & h] e>s ,float 9 ! w9d2 h] veil waves1 backw>d borne2 ,?is h& /ill clasps 8 back1 & t 8 horn4 ,) nak$ feet close-tuck$ b5ea? h] dress1 ,%e seems to fe> ! sea t d>es n rise3 ,s1 imag$ 9 a %ape ( dre> di/ress1 ,9 va9 unto h] comrades sweet %e cries2 ,!y left amid ! mead[-fl[]s1 no less ,= lo/ ,europa wail ) weep+ eyes3 ,europa1 s\nds ! %ore1 br+ back our bliss ,b ! bull swims & turns h] feet to kiss4 ,"h ,jove is made a swan1 a gold5 %[]1 ,or seems a s]p5t1 or a %eph]d-swa91 ,to "w 8 amor\s w 9 secret h\r2 ,"h1 l an eagle1 so>s he o'er ! pla91 ,love-l$1 & be>s 8 ,ganym$e1 ! fl[] ,( beauty1 mid cele/ial pe]s to reign2 ,! boy ) cypress ha? 8 fair locks cr[n$1 ,nak$1 ) ivy wrea!d 8 wai/ ar\nd4 ,,/anzas #aaj--aab4 ,lo6 "h aga9 fair ,ariadne lies1 ,& to ! deaf w9ds ( false ,!seus pla9s4 ,& ( ! air & slumb]'s trea*]ies2 ,trembl+ ) fe> ev5 z a re$ t /ra94 ,& quiv]s by ! m]e 'nea? breezy skies3 ,h] v spee*less attitude compla9s-- ,no bea/ !re is s cruel z ?\ art1 ,no bea/ less loyal to my brok5 he>t4 ,?ron$ on a c>1 ) ivy cr[n$ & v9e1 ,rides ,bac*us1 by two *amp+ tig]s driv53 ,ar\nd him on ! s& deep-soak$ ) br9e ,satyrs & ,bac*antes ru%2 ! skies are riv5 ,) %\ts & laught]2 ,fauns quaff bubbl+ w9e ,f horns & cymbals2 ,nymphs1 to madness driv51 ,trip1 skip1 & /umble2 mix$ 9 wild enlacem5ts1 ,laugh+ !y roll or meet = glad embracem5ts4 ,^u 8 ass ,sil5us1 nev] sat$1 ,) ?ick1 black ve9s1 :]e?r\gh ! mu/ is soak+1 ,nods 8 dull =ehead ) deep sleep belat$2 ,8 eyes are w9e-inflam$1 & r$1 & smok+3 ,bold ,mnads goad ! ass s sorely weight$1 ,) /++ ?yrsi2 he sways feebly pok+ ,! mane ) bloat$ f+]s2 ,fauns beh9d him1 ,e'en z he falls1 ^u ! crupp] b9d him4 ,we almo/ seem to be look+ at ! frescoes 9 "s ,tra/ev]9e palace1 or at ! canvas ( "o ( ! s5sual ,g5oese pa9t]s4 ,! description ( ! g>d5 ( ,v5us has ! *>m ( some:at artificial elegance1 ! exotic grace ( /yle1 :i* attracts u 9 ! e>li] ,r5aissance "w3-- ,! leafy tresses ( t timeless g>d5 ,nor fragile br9e nor fre% sn[ d>es to :it52 ,frore w9t] nev] comes ! rills to h>d51 ,nor w9ds ! t5d] %rubs & h]bs to fright52 ,glad ,spr+ is always "h1 a laugh+ w>d52 ,nor d ! seasons wane1 b ev] bright52 ,"h to ! breeze "y ,may1 h] curls unb9d+1 ,) ?\s& fl[]s h] wrea? is ev] w9d+4 ,inde$ x may be said ) tru? t ,poliziano's mo/ em95t faculty z a descriptive poet correspond$ exactly to ! g5ius ( ! pa9t]s ( 8 day4 ,to produce pictures radiant ) ,r5aissance col\r+1 & vigor\s ) ,r5aissance passion1 0 ! function ( 8 art1 n to express pr(\nd ?\ght or dramatic situations4 ,?is rem>k might be ext5d$ ) ju/ice to ,ario/o1 & ,tasso1 & ,boi>do4 ,! great n>rative poets ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy 7 n dramati/s2 nor 7 _! poems epics3 _! =te lay 9 ! inexhau/ible v>iety & beauty ( _! pictures4 ,( ,poliziano's plagi>ism--if ?is be ! "r ^w to apply to ! process ( assimilation & selection1 by means ( :i* ! poet-s*ol> ( ,flor5ce taught ! ,italians h[ to use ! ri*es ( ! anci5t languages & _! own lit]ature--"h are "s specim5s4 ,9 /anza #db ( ! ',gio/ra' he says ( ,simonetta3-- ,e 'n lei disc]ne un non s *e div9o4 ,dante has ! l9e3-- ,vo/ri rispl5de un non s *e div9o4 ,9 ! #dd? he speaks ab\t ! birds3-- ,e canta ogni augelletto 9 suo lat9o4 ,?is comes f ,cavalcanti's3-- ,e cant9ne gli augelli4 ,ciascuno 9 suo lat9o4 ,/anza #de is tak5 bodily f ,claudian1 ,dante1 & ,cavalcanti4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh ,poliziano wi%$ to %[ t ! classic & m$ieval lit]ature ( ,italy 0 all "o1 & t a poet ( ! ,r5aissance c\ld c>ry on ! cont9u\s tradition 9 8 own /yle4 ,a1 l9e 9 /anza #ed seems p]fectly orig9al3-- ,e gi dall'alte ville il fumo esala4 ,x comes /raight f ,virgil3-- ,et jam summa pocul vill>um culm9a fumant4 ,9 ! next /anza ! l9e-- ,tal *e 'l ciel tutto rass]5 d'intorno1 is ,petr>*'s4 ,s 9 ! #ef?1 is ! phrase 'il dolce &> cele/e4' ,9 /anza #eg-- ,p> *e 'l cor del petto se gli s*ianti1 belongs to ,boccaccio4 ,9 /anza #fj ! fir/ l9e3-- ,la notte *e le cose ci nasconde1 toge!r ) its rhyme1 'sotto le amate fronde1' is borr[$ f ! #bcrd canto ( ! ',p>adiso4' ,9 ! second l9e1 ',/ellato ammanto' is ,claudian's '/ellantes s9us' appli$ to ! heav54 ,:5 we rea* ! g>d5 ( ,v5us we f9d :ole passages translat$ f ,claudian's ',m>riage ( ,honorius1' & f ! ',metamorphoses' ( ,ovid4 ,poliziano's second poem ( importance1 :i* inde$ may hi/orically be said to take prec$5ce ( ',la ,gio/ra1' 0 ! s-call$ trag$y ( ',orfeo4' ,! ,engli% v]sion ( ?is lyrical drama mu/ be res]v$ = a sep>ate /udy3 yet x belongs to ! subject ( ?is1 inasmu* z ! ',orfeo' is a classical leg5d treat$ 9 a =m already famili> to ! ,italian p4 ,ne>ly all ! popul> k9ds ( poetry ( :i* specim5s h be5 translat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 w be f\nd comb9$ 9 its six %ort sc5es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,orfeo ,! ',orfeo' ( ,mess] ,angelo ,poliziano ranks among/ ! mo/ important poems ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 compos$ at ,mantua 9 ! %ort space ( two days1 on ! occasion ( ,c>d9al ,francesco ,gonzaga's visit to 8 native t[n 9 #adgb4 ,b1 ?\gh s ha/ily put toge!r1 ! ',orfeo' m>ks an epo* 9 ! evolution ( ,italian poetry4 ,x is ! e>lie/ example ( a secul> drama1 conta9+ )9 ! compass ( its brief sc5es ! g]m ( ! op]a1 ! trag$y1 & ! pa/oral play4 ,9 =m x does n greatly diff] f ! ',sacre ,rappres5tazioni' ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 z ^? miracle plays 7 h&l$ by popul> poets ( ! e>li] ,r5aissance4 ,b :ile ! traditional octave /anza is us$ = ! ma9 movem5t ( ! piece1 ,poliziano has introduc$ episodes ( t]za rima1 madrigals1 a c>nival song1 a ballata1 &1 above all1 *oral passages :i* h 9 !m ! future melodrama ( ! musical ,italian /age4 ,! lyrical treatm5t ( ! fable1 its capacity = brilliant & v>i$ sc5ic effects1 its comb9ation ( s++ ) action1 & ! :ole arti/ic keep+ ( ! piece1 :i* nev] passes into g5u9e trag$y1 b /ays )9 ! limits ( romantic pa?os1 di/+ui% ! ',orfeo' z a typical production ( ,italian g5ius4 ,?us1 ?\gh little bett] ?an an improvisation1 x comb9es ! _m =ms ( v]se develop$ by ! ,tuscans at ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & fixes ! limits beyond :i* _! dramatic poets1 ) a few exceptions1 7 n de/9$ to advance4 ,nor 0 ! *oice ( ! fable )\t significance4 ,quitt+ ! ,bible /ories & ! ,leg5ds ( ,sa9ts1 :i* suppli$ ! m$iaeval playwright ) mat]ial1 ,poliziano selects a classic /ory3 & ?is /ory might pass = an allegory ( ,italy1 ^: intellectual developm5t ! s*ol>-poet rul$4 ,orpheus is ! p[] ( poetry & art1 s(t5+ /ubborn nature1 civilis+ m51 & prevail+ ov] ,hades = a season4 ,he is ! "r h]o ( humanism1 ! g5ius ( ! ,r5aissance1 ! tutel>y god ( ,italy1 :o ?\ght %e c\ld resi/ ! laws ( fate by v]se & elegant accompli%m5ts4 ,to press ?is k9d ( allegory is unwise2 = at a c]ta9 mom5t x breaks 9 our h&s4 ,& yet 9 ,eurydice ! fancy might discov] ,fre$om1 ! true sp\se ( poetry & art2 ,orfeo's la/ resolve too vividly depicts ! vice ( ! ,r5aissance2 & ! ,mnads are ^? b>b>\s armies de/9$ to lay wa/e ! pla9s ( ,italy1 inebriate ) w9e & blood1 obey+ a new "l ( life on :om ! poet's h>p ex]ts no *>m4 ,b a truce to ?is sp9n+ ( p$antic cobwebs4 ,let ,m]cury appe>1 & let ! play beg94 ,,! ,,fable ,,( ,,orpheus ,,m]cury ann\nces ! %[4 ,ho1 sil5ce6 ,li/56 ,!re 0 once a h9d1 ,son ( ,apollo1 ,ari/aeus hight1 ,:o lov$ ) s untam$ & fi]ce a m9d ,eurydice1 ! wife ( ,orpheus wight1 ,t *as+ h] "o day ) w unk9d ,he wr\ght h] cruel dea? 9 love's despite2 ,=1 z %e fl$ t[>d ! m]e h>d by1 ,a s]p5t /ung h]1 & %e _h to die4 ,n[ ,orpheus1 s++1 br\ght h] back f hell1 ,b c\ld n keep ! law ! fates orda93 ,poor wret*1 he backw>d turn$ & broke ! spell2 ,s t once m f him 8 love 0 ta'en4 ,!re=e he w\ld no m ) wom5 dwell1 ,& 9 ! end by wom5 he 0 sla94 ,ent] ,a ,,%eph]d1 :o says-- ,nay1 li/51 fri5ds6 ,fair auspices are giv51 ,s9ce ,m]cury to e>? ha? come f heav54 ,,sc5e ,i ,,mopsus1 an old %eph]d4 ,say1 ha/ ?\ se5 a calf ( m9e1 all :ite ,save = a spot ( black ^u h] front1 ,two feet1 "o flank1 & "o knee ruddy-bright8 ,,ari/aeus1 a "y %eph]d4 ,fri5d ,mopsus1 to ! m>g9 ( ?is f\nt ,no h]ds h come to dr9k s9ce break ( day2 ,yet may'/ ?\ he> !m l[ on yond] m\nt4 ,g1 ,?yrsis1 se>* ! upl& lawn1 ,i pray6 ,?\ ,mopsus %alt ) me ! :ile abide2 ,= ,i w\ld h !e li/5 to my lay4 ,exit ,,?yrsis4 ',twas ye/] morn :]e trees yon cav]n hide1 ,i saw a nymph m fair ?an ,dian1 :o ,_h a "y lu/y lov] at h] side3 ,b :5 t m ?an woman met my view1 ,! he>t )9 my bosom leapt outright1 ,& /raight ! madness ( wild ,love ,i knew4 ,s9ce !n1 de> ,mopsus1 ,i h no delight2 ,b weep & weep3 ( food & dr9k ,i tire1 ,& )\t slumb] pass ! we>y night4 ,,mopsus4 ,fri5d ,ari/aeus1 if ?is amor\s fire ,?\ do/ n seek to qu5* z be/ may be1 ,?y peace ( s\l w vani% 9 desire4 ,?\ "k'/ t love is no new ?+ to me3 ,i've prov$ h[ love gr[n old br+s bitt] pa93 ,cure x at once1 or hope no rem$y2 ,= if ?\ f9d !e 9 ,love's cruel *a91 ,?y bees1 ?y blossoms w be out ( m9d1 ,?y fields1 ?y v9es1 ?y flocks1 ?y cotes1 ?y gra9 ,,ari/aeus4 ,mopsus1 ?\ speake/ to ! deaf & bl9d3 ,wa/e n on me ^! w+d words1 ,i pray1 ,le/ !y be scatt]$ to ! incon/ant w9d1 ,i love1 & _c wi% to say love nay2 ,nor seek to cure s *>m+ a disease3 ,!y praise ,love be/ :o mo/ aga9/ him say4 ,yet if ?\ fa9 w\ld/ give my he>t "s ease1 ,=? f ?y wallet take ?y pipe1 & we ,w s+ a:ile b5ea? ! leafy trees2 ,= well my nymph is pleas$ ) melody4 ,,! ,,song4 ,li/51 ye wild woods1 to my r\ndelay2 ,s9ce ! fair nymph w he> n1 ?\gh ,i pray4 ,! lovely nymph is deaf to my lam5t1 ,nor he$s ! music ( ?is ru/ic re$2 ,:]e=e my flocks & h]ds are ill cont5t1 ,nor ba! _! ho( :]e gr[s ! wat] we$1 ,nor t\* ! t5d] h]bage on ! mead2 ,s sad1 because _! %eph]d grieves1 are !y4 ,li/51 ye wild woods1 to my r\ndelay2 ,s9ce ! fair nymph w he> n1 ?\gh ,i pray4 ,! h]ds are sorry = _! ma/]'s moan2 ,! nymph he$s n h] lov] ?\gh he die1 ,! lovely nymph1 ^: he>t is made ( /one-- ,nay /eel1 nay adamant6 ,%e /ill do? fly ,f>1 f> be=e me1 :5 %e sees me nigh1 ,ev5 z a lamb flies f]n ! wolf away4 ,li/51 ye wild woods1 to my r\ndelay2 ,s9ce ! fair nymph w he> n1 ?\gh ,i pray4 ,nay1 tell h]1 pipe ( m9e1 h[ swift do? flee ,beauty toge!r ) our ye>s ama92 ,tell h] h[ "t de/roys all r>ity1 ,nor y\? once lo/ c be r5ew$ aga92 ,tell h] to use ! gifts t yet rema93 ,roses & violets blossom n alway4 ,li/51 ye wild woods1 to my r\ndelay2 ,s9ce ! fair nymph w he> n1 ?\gh ,i pray4 ,c>ry1 ye w9ds1 ^! sweet words to h] e>s1 ,unto ! e>s ( my lov$ nymph1 & tell ,h[ _m te>s ,i %$1 :at bitt] te>s6 ,beg h] to pity "o :o loves s well3 ,say t my life is frail & mutable1 ,& melts l rime be=e ! ris+ day4 ,li/51 ye wild woods1 to my r\ndelay2 ,s9ce ! fair nymph w he> n1 ?\gh ,i pray4 ,,mopsus4 ,less sweet1 me?9ks ! voice ( wat]s fall+ ,f cliffs t e*o back _! murmur\s song2 ,less sweet ! summ] s\nd ( breezes call+ ,?r\gh p9e-tree tops sonor\s all day long2 ,?an are ?y rhymes1 ! s\l ( grief en?rall+1 ,?y rhymes o'er field & =e/ borne along3 ,if %e b he> !m1 at ?y feet %e'll fawn4-- ,lo1 ,?yrsis1 hurry+ homew>d f ! lawn6 ,re-ent]s ,,?yrsis4 ,,ari/aeus4 ,:at ( ! calf8 ,say1 ha/ ?\ se5 h] n[8 ,,?yrsis1 ! c[h]d4 ,i h1 & ,i'd z lief h] ?roat 7 cut6 ,%e almo/ ripp$ my b[els up1 ,i v[1 ,runn+ amuck ) horns well set to butt3 ,na?less ,i've lock$ h] 9 ! /all bel[3 ,%e's bl[n ) grass1 ,i tell y1 saucy slut6 ,,ari/aeus4 ,n[1 pri!e1 let me he> :at made y /ay ,s long ^u ! upl& lawns away8 ,,?yrsis4 ,walk+1 ,i spi$ a g5tle maid5 !re1 ,:o pluck$ wild fl[]s ^u ! m\nta9 side3 ,i sc>cely ?9k t ,v5us is m fair1 ,( sweet] grace1 mo/ mode/ 9 h] pride3 ,%e speaks1 %e s+s1 ) voice s s(t & r>e1 ,t li/5+ /reams w\ld backw>d roll _! tide3 ,h] face is sn[ & roses2 gold h] head2 ,all1 all alone %e goes1 :ite-raim5t$1 ,,ari/aeus4 ,/ay1 ,mopsus6 ,i mu/ foll[3 = 'tis %e ,( :om ,i lately spoke4 ,s1 fri5d1 f>ewell6 ,,mopsus4 ,hold1 ,ari/aeus1 le/ = h] or !e ,?y boldness be ! cause ( mis*ief fell6 ,,ari/aeus4 ,nay1 dea? ?is day mu/ be my de/9y1 ,unless ,i try my fate & break ! spell4 ,/ay !re=e1 ,mopsus1 by ! f\nta9 /ay6 ,i'll foll[ h]1 mean:ile1 yon m\nta9 way4 ,exit ,,ari/aeus4 ,,mopsus4 ,?yrsis1 :at ?9ke/ ?\ ( ?y lov$ "l8 ,see'/ ?\ t all 8 s5ses are di/raught8 ,c\ld/ ?\ n speak "s seasonable ^w1 ,tell him :at %ame ?is idle love ha? wr\ght8 ,,?yrsis4 ,free spee* & s]vitude b ill accord1 ,fri5d ,mopsus1 & ! h9d is folly-fraught ,:o rates 8 "l6 ,he's wis] f> ?an ,i4 ,to t5d ^! k9e is all my ma/]y4 ,,sc5e ,,ii ,,ari/aeus1 9 pursuit ( ,,eurydice4 ,flee n f me1 maid56 ,lo1 ,i am ?y fri5d6 ,de>] f> ?an life ,i hold !e4 ,li/1 ?\ beauty-lad51 ,to ^! pray]s att5d3 ,flee n1 let my arms enfold !e6 ,nei!r wolf nor be> w grasp !e3 ,t ,i am ?y fri5d ,i've told !e3 ,/ay ?y c\rse !n2 let me clasp !e6-- ,s9ce ?\'rt deaf & wilt n he$ me1 ,s9ce ?\'rt /ill be=e me fly+1 ,:ile ,i foll[ pant+1 dy+1 ,l5d me w+s1 ,love1 w+s to spe$ me6 ,exit ,,ari/aeus1 pursu+ ,,eurydice4 ,,sc5e ,,iii ,a ,,dryad4 ,sad news ( lam5tation & ( pa91 ,de> si/]s1 ha? my voice to be> to y3 ,i sc>cely d>e to raise ! dolor\s /ra94 ,eurydice by yond] /ream lies l[2 ,! fl[]s are fad+ r\nd h] /rick5 head1 ,& ! compla9+ wat]s weep _! woe4 ,! /rang] s\l f t fair h\se ha? fl$2 ,& %e1 l privet pale1 or :ite ,may-bloom ,untimely pluck$1 lies on ! mead[1 dead4 ,he> !n ! cause ( h] disa/r\s doom6 ,a snake /ole =? & /ung h] sudd5ly4 ,i am s burd5$ ) ?is weight ( gloom ,t1 lo1 ,i bid y all come weep ) me6 ,,*orus ,,( ,,dryads4 ,let ! wide air ) our compla9t res\nd6 ,= all heav5's light is sp5t4 ,let riv]s break _! b\nd1 ,swoll5 ) te>s outp\r$ f our lam5t6 ,fell dea? ha? ta'en _! spl5d\r f ! skies3 ,! />s are sunk 9 gloom4 ,/]n dea? ha? pluck$ ! bloom ,( nymphs3--,eurydice d[n-trodd5 lies4 ,weep1 ,love6 ,! woodl& cries4 ,weep1 groves & f\nts2 ,ye craggy m\nts2 y leafy dell1 ,b5ea? ^: b\ghs %e fell1 ,b5d e bran* 9 "t ) ?is sad s\nd4 ,let ! wide air ) our compla9t res\nd6 ,ah1 =tune pitiless6 ,ah1 cruel snake6 ,ah1 luckless doom ( woes6 ,l a cropp$ summ] rose1 ,or lily cut1 %e )]s on ! brake4 ,h] face1 :i* once did make ,our age s bright ,) beauty's light1 is fa9t & pale2 ,& ! cle> lamp do? fail1 ,:i* %$ pure spl5d\r all ! _w ar\nd ,let ! wide air ) our compla9t res\nd6 ,:o e'er w s+ s sweetly1 n[ %e's gone8 ,h] g5tle voice to he>1 ,! wild w9ds d>$ n /ir2 ,& n[ !y brea! b sorr[1 moan = moan3 ,s _m joys are fl[n1 ,su* jocund days ,do? ,dea? erase ) h] sweet eyes6 ,bid e>?'s lam5t arise1 ,& make our dirge ?r\gh heav5 & sea reb\nd6 ,let ! wide air ) our compla9t res\nd6 ,a ,,dryad4 ',tis surely ,orpheus1 :o ha? rea*$ ! hill1 ,) h>p 9 h&1 glad-ey$ & light ( he>t6 ,he ?9ks t 8 de> love is liv+ /ill4 ,my news w /ab him ) a sudd5 sm>t3 ,an un=ese5 & unexpect$ bl[ ,w\nds wor/ & /+s ! bosom's t5d]e/ "p4 ,dea? ha? disjo9$ ! true/ love1 ,i "k1 ,t nature yet to ?is l[ _w reveal$1 ,& qu5*$ ! flame 9 its mo/ *>m+ gl[4 ,g1 si/]s1 ha/5 ye to yond] field1 ,:]e on ! sw>d lies sla9 ,eurydice2 ,/rew h] ) fl[]s & grasses6 ,i mu/ yield ,?is man ! measure ( 8 mis]y4 ,exeunt ,,dryads4 ,ent] ,,orpheus1 s++4 ,,orpheus4 ,musa1 triumphales titulos et ge/a canamus ,h]culis1 et =ti mon/ra subacta manu2 ,ut timidae malri pressos o/5d]it angues1 ,intrepidusque f]o ris]it ore pu]4 ,a ,,dryad4 ,orpheus1 ,i br+ !e bitt] news4 ,alas6 ,?y nymph :o 0 s beautiful1 is sla96 fly+ f ,ari/aeus o'er ! grass1 ,:at "t %e rea*$ yon /ream t ?reads ! pla91 ,a snake :i* lurk$ mid fl[]s :]e %e did pass1 ,pi]c$ h] fair foot ) 8 env5om$ bane3 ,s fi]ce1 s pot5t 0 ! /+1 t %e ,di$ 9 mid c\rse4 ,ah1 woe t ?is %\ld be6 ,,orpheus turns to g 9 sil5ce4 ,,mnesillus1 ! satyr4 ,m>k ye h[ sunk 9 woe ,! poor wret* =? do? pass1 ,& may n answ]1 = 8 grief1 "o ^w8 ,on "s lone %ore1 unhe>d1 ,f>1 f> away1 he'll g1 ,& p\r 8 he>t =? to ! w9ds1 alas6 ,i'll foll[ & obs]ve if he ,moves ) 8 moan ! hills to sympa?y4 ,foll[s ,,orpheus4 ,,orpheus4 ,let u lam5t1 ,o lyre disconsolate6 ,our wont$ music is 9 tune no m4 ,lam5t we :ile ! heav5s revolve1 & let ,! night+ale be conqu]$ on ,love's %ore6 ,o heav51 ,o e>?1 ,o sea1 ,o cruel fate6 ,h[ %all ,i be> a pang s pass+ sore8 ,eurydice1 my love6 ,o life ( m9e6 ,on e>? ,i w no m )\t !e p9e6 ,i w g d[n unto ! doors ( ,hell1 ,& see if m]cy may be f\nd bel[3 ,p]*ance we %all rev]se fate's spok5 spell ,) te>ful songs & words ( honey$ woe3 ,p]*ance w ,dea? be pitiful2 = well ,) s++ h we turn$ ! /reams t fl[2 ,mov$ /ones1 toge!r h9d & tig] drawn1 ,& made trees dance ^u ! =e/ lawn4 ,passes f sight on 8 way to ,hades4 ,,mnesillus4 ,! /aff ( ,fate is /rong ,& w n lightly b5d1 ,nor yet ! /ubborn gates ( /eely ,hell4 ,nay1 ,i c see full well ,8 life w n be long3 ,^? d[nw>d feet no m w e>?w>d w5d4 ,:at m>vel if !y lose ! light1 ,:o make bl9d ,love _! guide by day & night6 ,,sc5e ,,iv ,,orpheus1 at ! gate ( ,hell4 ,pity1 nay pity = a lov]'s moan6 ,ye ,p[]s ( ,hell1 let pity reign 9 y6 ,to y\r d>k regions l$ me ,love alone3 ,d[nw>d ^u 8 w+s ( light ,i flew4 ,hu%1 ,c]b]us6 ,h[l n by ,pluto's ?rone6 ,= :5 y he> my tale ( mis]y1 y1 ,nor y alone1 b all :o "h abide ,9 ?is bl9d _w1 w weep by ,le!'s tide4 ,!re is no ne$1 ye ,furies1 ?us to rage2 ,to d>t ^? snakes t 9 y\r tresses tw9e3 ,knew ye ! cause ( ?is my pilgrimage1 ,ye w\ld lie d[n & jo9 y\r moans ) m9e4 ,let ?is poor wret* b pass1 :o w> do? wage ,) heav51 ! elem5ts1 ! p[]s div9e6 ,i beg = pity or = dea?4 ,no m6 ,b op51 ope ,hell's adamant9e door6 ,,orpheus ent]s ,hell4 ,,pluto4 ,:at man is he :o ) 8 gold5 lyre ,ha? mov$ ! gates t nev] move1 ,:ile ! dead folk repeat 8 dirge ( love8 ,! roll+ /one no m do? tire ,sw>t ,sisyphus on yond] hill2 ,& ,tantalus ) wat] slakes 8 fire2 ,! groans ( mangl$ ,tityos are /ill2 ,ixion's :eel =gets to fly2 ,! ,danaids _! urns c fill3 ,i he> no m ! tortur$ spirits cry2 ,b all f9d re/ 9 t sweet h>mony4 ,,pros]p9e4 ,de> consort1 s9ce1 compell$ by love ( !e1 ,i left ! light ( heav5 s]5e1 ,& came to reign 9 hell1 a sombre que52 ,! *>m ( t5d]e/ sympa?y ,ha? nev] yet _h p[] to turn ,my /ubborn he>t1 or draw =? te>s f me4 ,n[ ) desire = yon sweet voice ,i ye>n2 ,nor is !re aught s de> ,z t delight4 ,nay1 be n /]n ,to ?is "o pray]6 ,relax ?y br[s sev]e1 ,& re/ a:ile ) me t song to he>6 ,,orpheus /&s be=e ! ?rone4 ,,orpheus4 ,ye rul]s ( ! p lo/ 9 gloom1 ,:o see no m ! jocund light ( day6 ,ye :o inh]it all ?+s t ! womb ,( ,nature & ! elem5ts display6 ,he> ye ! grief t draws me to ! tomb6 ,love1 cruel ,love1 ha? l$ me on ?is way3 ,n to *a9 ,c]b]us ,i hi!r come1 ,b to br+ back my mi/ress to h] home4 ,a s]p5t hidd5 among fl[]s & leaves ,/ole my fair mi/ress--nay1 my he>t--f me3 ,:]e=e my w\nd$ life = ev] grieves1 ,nor c ,i /& aga9/ ?is agony4 ,/ill1 if "s fragrance l+]s yet & cleaves ,( y\r fam$ love unto y\r memory1 ,if ( t anci5t rape y ?9k at all1 ,give back ,eurydice6--,on y ,i call4 ,all ?+s ere long unto ?is b\rne desc5d3 ,all mortal lives to y return at la/3 ,:ate'er ! moon ha? circl$1 9 ! end ,mu/ fade & p]i% 9 y\r empire va/3 ,"s soon] & "s lat] hi!r w5d2 ,yet all ^u ?is pa?way %all h pass$3 ,?is ( our foot/eps is ! f9al goal2 ,& !n we dwell = aye 9 y\r control4 ,!re=e ! nymph ,i love is left = y ,:5 nature leads h] dea?w>d 9 due "t3 ,b n[ y've cropp$ ! t5drils z !y grew1 ,! grapes unripe1 :ile yet ! sap did climb3 ,:o reaps ! "y blades wet ) ,april dew1 ,nor waits till summ] ha? o'erpass$ h] prime8 ,give back1 give back my hope "o little day6-- ,n = a gift1 b = a loan ,i pray4 ,i pray n to y by ! waves =lorn ,( m>%y ,/yx or dismal ,a*]on1 ,by ,*aos :]e ! mighty _w 0 born1 ,or by ! s\nd+ flames ( ,phlege?on2 ,b by ! fruit :i* *>m$ !e on t morn ,:5 ?\ did/ leave our _w = ?is dread ?rone6 ,o que56 if ?\ reject ?is plead+ brea?1 ,i w no m return1 b ask = dea?6 ,,pros]p9e4 ,husb&1 ,i nev] guess$ ,t 9 our realm oppress$ ,pity c\ld f9d a home to dwell3 ,b n[ ,i "k t m]cy teems 9 ,hell4 ,i see ,dea? weep2 h] brea/ ,is %ak5 by ^? te>s t faultless fell4 ,let !n ?y laws sev]e = him be sway$ ,by love1 by song1 by ! j pray]s he pray$6 ,,pluto4 ,%e's ?9e1 b at ?is price3 ,b5d n on h] ?9e eyes1 ,till mid ! s\ls t live %e /ay4 ,see t ?\ turn n back ^u ! way6 ,*eck all fond ?\ghts t rise6 ,else w ?y love be torn f !e away4 ,i am well pleas$ t song s r>e z ?9e ,! might ( my dread sceptre %\ld incl9e4 ,,sc5e ,v ,,orpheus1 s+s4 ,ite tritumphales circum mea tempora lauri4 ,vicimus ,eurydic53 r$dita vita mihi e/1 ,haec mea praecipue victoria digna coron4 ,or$imus8 an lat]i juncta puella meo8 ,,eurydice4 ,all me6 ,?y love too great ,ha? lo/ n !e alone6 ,i am torn f !e by /rong ,fate4 ,no m ,i am ?9e own4 ,9 va9 ,i /ret* ^! arms4 ,back1 back to ,hell ,i'm drawn1 ,i'm drawn4 ,my ,orpheus1 f>e !e well6 ,,eurydice disappe>s4 ,,orpheus4 ,:o ha? laid laws on ,love8 ,w pity n be giv5 ,= "o %ort look s full !re(8 ,s9ce ,i am robb$ ( heav51 ,s9ce all my joy s great is turn$ to pa91 ,i w g back & plead ) ,dea? aga96 ,,tisiphone blocks 8 way4 ,,tisiphone4 ,nay1 seek n back to turn6 ,va9 is ?y weep+1 all ?y words are va94 ,eurydice may n compla9 ,( aught b !e--albeit h] grief is great4 ,va9 are ?y v]ses 'ga9/ ! voice ( ,fate6 ,h[ va9 ?y song6 ,= ,dea? is /]n6 ,try n ! backw>d pa?3 ?y feet refra96 ,! laws ( ! abyss are fix$ & firm rema94 ,,sc5e ,,vi ,,orpheus4 ,:at sorr[-lad5 song %all e'er be f\nd ,to mat* ! burd5 ( my mat*less woe8 ,h[ %all ,i make ! f\nt ( te>s ab\nd1 ,to weep apace ) grief's unmeasur$ fl[8 ,salt te>s ,i'll wa/e ^u ! b>r5 gr\nd1 ,s long z life delays me "h bel[2 ,& s9ce my fate ha? wr\ght me wrong s sore1 ,i swe> ,i'll nev] love a woman m6 ,h5ce=? ,i'll pluck ! buds ( op5+ spr+1 ,! bloom ( y\? :5 life is lovelie/1 ,ere ye>s h spoil$ ! beauty :i* !y br+3 ,?is love1 ,i swe>1 is sweete/1 s(te/1 be/6 ,( female *>ms let no "o speak or s+2 ,s9ce %e is sla9 :o rul$ )9 my brea/4 ,he :o w\ld seek my conv]se1 let him see ,t ne'er he talk ( woman's love to me6 ,h[ pitiful is he :o *anges m9d ,= woman6 = h] love lam5ts or grieves6 ,:o suff]s h] 9 *a9s 8 w to b9d1 ,or tru/s h] words light] ?an )]$ leaves1 ,h] lov+ looks m trea*]\s ?an ! w9d6 ,a ?\s& times %e ve]s2 to no?+ cleaves3 ,foll[s :o flies2 f him :o foll[s1 flees2 ,& comes & goes l waves on /ormy seas6 ,high ,jove confirms ! tru? ( :at ,i said1 ,:o1 caught & b\nd 9 love's delightful sn>e1 ,enjoys 9 heav5 8 own bright ,ganym$3 ,phoebus on e>? _h ,hyac9? ! fair3 ,h]cules1 conqu]or ( ! _w1 0 l$ ,captive to ,hylas by ?is love s r>e4-- ,advice = husb&s6 ,seek divorce1 & fly ,f>1 f> away f female company6 ,ent] a ,,ma5ad lead+ a tra9 ( ,,bac*antes4 ,a ,,ma5ad4 ,ho6 ,si/]s6 ,up6 ,alive6 ,see him :o do? our sex d]ide6 ,hunt him to dea?1 ! slave6 ,?\ snat* ! ?yrsus6 ,?\ ?is oak-tree rive6 ,ca/ d[n ?is doesk9 & t hide6 ,we'll wreak our fury on ! knave6 ,yea1 he %all feel our wra?1 ! knave6 ,he %all yield up 8 hide ,riv5 z woodm5 fir-trees rive6 ,no p[] 8 life c save2 ,s9ce wom5 he ha? d>$ d]ide6 ,ho6 ,to him1 si/]s6 ,ho6 ,alive6 ,,orpheus is *as$ (f ! sc5e & sla93 ! ,,ma5ads !n return4 ,a ,,ma5ad4 ,ho6 ,bac*us6 ,ho6 ,i yield !e ?anks = ?is6 ,?r\gh all ! woodl& we ! wret* h borne3 ,s t ea* root is slak$ ) blood ( 83 ,yea1 limb f limb 8 body h we torn ,?r\gh ! wild =e/ ) a fe>ful bliss3 ,8 gore ha? ba!d ! e>? by a% & ?orn6-- ,g !n6 ?y blame on lawful w$lock fl+6 ,ho6 ,bac*us6 take ! victim t we br+6 ,,*orus ,,( ,,ma5ads4 ,bac*us6 we all mu/ foll[ !e6 ,bac*us6 ,bac*us6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,) ivy coronals1 bun* & b]ry1 ,cr[n we our heads to wor%ip !e6 ,?\ ha/ bidd5 u to make m]ry ,day & night ) jollity6 ,dr9k !n6 ,bac*us is "h6 ,dr9k free1 ,& h& ye ! dr9k+-cup to me6 ,bac*us6 we all mu/ foll[ !e6 ,bac*us6 ,bac*us6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,see1 ,i h empti$ my horn already3 ,/ret* hi!r y\r beak] to me1 ,i pray3 ,are ! hills & ! lawns :]e we roam un/eady8 ,or is x my bra9 t reels away8 ,let e "o run to & fro ?r\gh ! hay1 ,z ye see me run6 ,ho6 aft] me6 ,bac*us6 we all mu/ foll[ !e6 ,bac*us6 ,bac*us6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,me?9ks ,i am dropp+ 9 swoon or slumb]3 ,am ,i drunk5 or sob]1 yes or no8 ,:at are ^! weights my feet encumb]8 ,y too are tipsy1 well ,i "k6 ,let e "o d z ye see me d1 ,let e "o dr9k & quaff l me6 ,bac*us6 we all mu/ foll[ !e6 ,bac*us6 ,bac*us6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,cry ,bac*us6 ,cry ,bac*us6 ,be bli! & m]ry1 ,toss+ w9e d[n y\r ?roats away6 ,let sleep !n come & our gladness bury3 ,dr9k y1 & y1 & y1 :ile ye may6 ,danc+ is ov] = me to-day4 ,let e "o cry al\d ,evoh6 ,bac*us6 we all mu/ foll[ !e6 ,bac*us6 ,bac*us6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,?\gh an ,engli% translation c d little t[>d r5d]+ ! facile graces ( ,poliziano's /yle1 t 'roseate flu5cy' = :i* x has be5 prais$ by 8 ,italian admir]s1 ! ma9 qualities ( ! ',orfeo' z a composition may be trac$ 9 ?is r\gh copy4 ,( dramatic p[]1 ( t ma/]y ov] ! deep] spr+s ( human nature :i* di/+ui%$ ! fir/ ef=t ( ! ,engli% muse 9 ,m>l[e's plays1 !re is b little4 ,a c]ta9 adaptation ( ! language to ! *>act]s1 z 9 ! rud5ess ( ,?yrsis :5 contra/$ ) ! ru/ic elegance ( ,ari/u1 a t\* ( simple feel+ 9 ,eurydice's lyrical outcry ( f>ewell1 a discrim9ation betwe5 ! t5d] sympa?y ( ,pros]p9e & ,pluto's /]n rel5t+1 a spirit$ pres5tation ( ! ,bac*analian furore 9 ! ,mnads1 an attempt to model ! ,satyr ,mnesillus z ap>t f human nature & yet sympa!tic to its angui%1 ^! po9ts con/itute ! *ief dramatic features ( ! melodrama4 ,orpheus himself is a purely lyrical p]sonage4 ,( "*1 he c sc>cely be said to h any?+ m>k$2 & 8 "p rises to its height precisely 9 t passage :]e ! lyri/ has to be display$4 ,be=e ! gates ( ,hades & ! ?rone ( ,pros]p9e he s+s1 & 8 s++ is ! "r outp\r+ ( a poet's s\l2 ea* octave resumes ! !me ( ! la/ /anza ) a swell ( utt]ance1 a cresc5do ( intonation t recalls ! passionate & unprem$itat$ descant ( a bird ^u ! b\ghs alone4 ,to ?is true quality ( music is add$ ! p]suasiv5ess ( plead+4 ,t ! viol9 melody ( 8 incomp>able song is lo/1 mu/ be reckon$ a great mis=tune4 ,we h good reason to believe t ! "p ( ,orpheus 0 tak5 by ,mess] ,baccio ,ugol9i1 s++ to ! viol4 ,"h too x may be m5tion$ t a tondo 9 mono*rome1 pa9t$ by ,signorelli among ! arabesques at ,orvieto1 %[s ,orpheus at ! ?rone ( ,plato1 habit$ z a poet ) ! laurel cr[n & play+ on a viol9 ( antique =m4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :e!r a rum\r ( ! ,mantuan pageant _h rea*$ ! e>s ( ! ,cortonese pa9t]4 ,if ! :ole ( ! ',orfeo' _h be5 conceiv$ & execut$ ) ! same arti/ic feel+ z ! *ief act1 x w\ld h be5 a really f9e poem indep5d5tly ( its hi/orical int]e/4 ,b we h only to turn ! page & read ! lam5t utt]$ = ! loss ( ,eurydice1 9 ord] to p]ceive ,poliziano's incapacity = deal+ ) 8 h]o 9 a situation ( great] difficulty4 ,! pa?os :i* might h made u sympa?ise ) ,orpheus 9 8 mis]y1 ! passion1 approa*+ to madness1 :i* might h ju/ifi$ 8 misogyny1 are abs5t4 ,x is difficult n to feel t 9 ?is climax ( 8 angui% he 0 a poor creature1 & t ! ,mnads s]v$ him "r4 ,no?+ illu/rates ! defect ( real dramatic imag9ation bett] ?an ?is failure to dignify ! cata/rophe4 ,gift$ ) a f9e lyrical inspiration1 ,poliziano seems to h already felt ! ,bac*ic *orus :i* =ms s brilliant a t]m9ation to 8 play1 & to h =gott5 8 duty to ! un=tunate ,orpheus1 ^: sorr[ = ,eurydice is /ultifi$ & made unmean+ by ! prosaic expression ( a base resolve4 ,x may inde$ be said 9 g5]al t ! ',orfeo' is a good poem only :]e ! situation is n s mu* dramatic z lyrical1 & t its f9e/ passage--! sc5e 9 ,hades--0 =tunately = its au?or "o 9 :i* ! dramatic motive _h to be lyrically express$4 ,9 ?is respect1 z 9 _m o!rs1 ! ',orfeo' comb9es ! faults & m]its ( ! ,italian attempts at melo-trag$y4 ,to break a butt]fly ^u ! :eel is1 h[ev]1 no fit function ( criticism3 & probably no "o w\ld h smil$ m ?an ! au?or ( ?is improvisation1 at ! ?\ght ( its be+ gravely dissect$ j f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ! occasion x 0 meant to s]ve _h long be5 giv5 ov] to oblivion4 ,,note ,poliziano's ',orfeo' 0 d$icat$ to ,mess] ,c>lo ,canale1 ! husb& ( t fam\s ,vannozza :o bore ,lucrezia & ,ces>e ,borgia to ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,z fir/ publi%$ 9 #adid1 & z republi%$ f "t to "t up to ! ye> #aggf1 x c>ri$ ! title ( ',la ,favola di ,orfeo1' & 0 n divid$ into acts4 ,frequ5t /age-directions suffic$1 z 9 ! case ( ,flor5t9e ',sacre ,rappres5tazioni1' = ! indication ( ! sc5es4 ,9 ?is e>lie/ r$action ( ! ',orfeo' ! *orus ( ! ,dryads1 ! "p ( ,mnesillus1 ! lyrical spee*es ( ,pros]p9e & ,pluto1 & ! fir/ lyric ( ! ,mnads are ei!r omitt$ or repres5t$ by passages 9 ottava rima4 ,9 ! ye> #aggf ! ,padre ,ir5eo ,aff pr9t$ at ,v5ice a new v]sion ( ',orfeo1 ,trag$ia di ,mess] ,angelo ,poliziano1' collat$ by him f two ,,mss4 ,?is play is divid$ into five acts1 sev]ally entitl$ ',pa/oricus1' ',nymphas ,habet1' ',h]ocus1' ',necromanticus1' & ',bac*analis4' ,! /age-directions are giv5 p>tly 9 ,lat91 p>tly 9 ,italian2 & in/ead ( ! ',ann\ncem5t ( ! ,fea/' by ,m]cury1 a prologue consi/+ ( two octave /anzas is app5d$4 ,a ,lat9 ,sapphic ode 9 praise ( ! ,c>d9al ,gonzaga1 :i* 0 int]polat$ 9 ! fir/ v]sion1 is omitt$1 & c]ta9 *anges are made 9 ! la/ soliloquy ( ,orpheus4 ,!re is little d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t ! second v]sion1 fir/ giv5 to ! press by ! ,padre ,aff1 0 ,poliziano's own rec5sion ( 8 e>li] composition4 ,i h !re=e foll[$ x 9 ! ma91 except t ,i h n ?\ght x necess>y to obs]ve ! some:at p$antic division into acts1 & h pref]r$ to use ! orig9al ',ann\ncem5t ( ! ,fea/1' :i* proves ! integral connection betwe5 ?is anci5t secul> play & ! ,flor5t9e ,my/]y or ',sacra ,rappres5tazione4' ,! la/ soliloquy ( ,orpheus1 aga91 has be5 freely translat$ by me f bo? v]sions = reasons :i* w be obvi\s to /ud5ts ( ! orig9al4 ,i h yet to make a rem>k ^u "o detail ( my translation4 ,9 l9e #cij 7"p ( ! fir/ lyric ( ! ,mnads7 ! ,italian gives u3-- ,spezzata come il fabbro il cribro spezza4 ,?is means lit]ally3 ',riv5 z a blacksmi? rives a sieve or b\lt]4' ,n[ sieves are made 9 ,tuscany ( a plate ( iron1 pi]c$ ) holes2 & ! image w\ld !re=e be famili> to an ,italian4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 pref]r$ to translate ?us3-- ,riv5 z woodm5 fir-trees rive1 in/ead ( giv+3-- ,riv5 z blacksmi?s b\lt]s rive1 because ,i ?\ght t ! second & fai?ful v]sion w\ld be un9telligible z well z unpoetical = ,engli% read]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,eight ,,sonnets ,,( ,,petr>* ,,on ,,! ,,papal ,,c\rt ,,at ,,avignon ,f\nta9 ( woe6 ,h>b\r ( endless ire6 ,?\ s*ool ( errors1 haunt ( h]esies6 ,once ,rome1 n[ ,babylon1 ! _w's disease1 ,t madd5e/ m5 ) fe>s & fell desire6 ,o =ge ( fraud6 ,o prison d>k & dire1 ,:]e dies ! good1 :]e evil bre$s increase6 ,?\ liv+ ,hell6 ,wond]s w nev] cease ,if ,*ri/ rise n to purge ?y s9s ) fire4 ,f\nd$ 9 *a/e & humble pov]ty1 ,aga9/ ?y f\nd]s ?\ do/ raise ?y horn1 ,?\ %ameless h>lot6 ,& :5ce fl[s ?is pride8 ,ev5 f f\l & loa!d adult]y1 ,! wage ( lewdness4 ,con/ant9e1 return6 ,n s3 ! felon _w its fate mu/ bide4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,/efano ,,colonna ,,writt5 ,,f ,,vaucluse ,glorius ,colonna1 ?\ on ^: high head ,re/ all our hopes & ! great ,lat9 "n1 ,:om f ! n>r[ pa? ( tru? & fame ,! wra? ( ,jove turn$ n ) /ormful dread3 ,"h are no palace-c\rts1 no /age to tread2 ,b p9es & oaks ! %ad[y valleys fill ,betwe5 ! gre5 fields & ! neighb\r+ hill1 ,:]e mus+ (t ,i climb by fancy l$4 ,^! lift f e>? to heav5 our so>+ s\l1 ,:ile ! sweet night+ale1 t 9 ?ick b[]s ,?r\gh d>kness p\rs h] wail ( tuneful woe1 ,do? b5d our *>m$ brea/ to love's control2 ,b ?\ alone ha/ m>r$ ?is bliss ( ours1 ,s9ce f our side1 de> "l1 ?\ ne$s mu/ g4 ,,9 ,,vita ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,xi ,,on ,,leav+ ,,avignon ,backw>d at e we>y /ep & sl[ ,^! limbs ,i turn :i* ) great pa9 ,i be>2 ,!n take ,i com=t f ! fragrant air ,t brea!s f !e1 & sigh+ onw>d g4 ,b :5 ,i ?9k h[ joy is turn$ to woe1 ,rememb]+ my %ort life & :5ce ,i f>e1 ,i /ay my feet = angui% & despair1 ,& ca/ my te>ful eyes on e>? bel[4 ,at times amid ! /orm ( mis]y ,?is d\bt assails me3 h[ frail limbs & poor ,c sev]$ f _! _s hope to live4 ,!n answ]s ,love3 ,ha/ ?\ no memory ,h[ ,i to lov]s ?is great gu]don give1 ,free f all human bondage to endure8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,9 ,,vita ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,xii ,,?\ghts ,,9 ,,abs5ce ,! wr9kl$ sire ) hair l w9t] sn[ ,leaves ! belov$ spot :]e he ha? pass$ 8 ye>s1 ,leaves wife & *ildr51 dumb ) bitt] te>s1 ,to see _! fa!r's tott]+ /eps & sl[4 ,dragg+ 8 ag$ limbs ) we>y woe1 ,9 ^! la/ days ( life he no?+ fe>s1 ,b ) /\t he>t 8 fa9t+ _s *e]s1 ,& sp5t & wayworn =w>d /ill do? g2 ,!n comes to ,rome1 foll[+ 8 he>t's desire1 ,to gaze ^u ! portraiture ( ,him ,:om yet he hopes 9 heav5 above to see3 ,?us ,i1 alas6 my seek+ _s tire1 ,lady1 to f9d 9 o!r features dim ,! long$ =1 lov$1 true l9eam5ts ( !e4 ,,9 ,,vita ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,lii ,,oh ,,t ,i ,,_h ,,w+s ,,l ,a ,,dove6 ,i am s tir$ b5ea? ! anci5t load ,( my misde$s & cu/om's tyranny1 ,t mu* ,i fe> to fail ^u ! road ,& yield my s\l unto m9e enemy4 ',tis true a fri5d f :om all spl5d\r fl[$1 ,to save me came ) mat*less c\rtesy3 ,!n flew f> up f sight to heav5's abode1 ,s t ,i /rive 9 va9 8 face to see4 ,yet /ill 8 voice rev]b]ates "h bel[3 ,oh ye :o lab\r1 lo6 ! pa? is "h2 ,come unto me if none y\r go+ /ay6 ,:at grace1 :at love1 :at fate surpass+ fe> ,%all give me w+s l dove's w+s s(t z sn[1 ,t ,i may re/ & raise me f ! clay8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,9 ,,morte ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,xxiv ,! eyes :]e( ,i sang my f]vid song1 ,! arms1 ! h&s1 ! feet1 ! face b5ign1 ,:i* sev]$ me f :at 0 rightly m9e1 ,& made me sole & /range amid ! ?rong1 ,! crispd curls ( pure gold beautiful1 ,& ^? angelic smiles :i* once did %9e ,imp>adis+ e>? ) joy div9e1 ,are n[ a little du/--dumb1 deaf1 & dull4 ,& yet ,i live6 :]e=e ,i weep & wail1 ,left alone )\t ! light ,i lov$ s long1 ,/orm-toss$ ^u a b>k t ha? no sail4 ,!n let me "h give o'er my amor\s song2 ,! f\nta9s ( old inspiration fail1 ,& n\ght b woe my dolor\s *ords prolong4 ,,9 ,,morte ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,xxxiv ,9 ?\ght ,i rais$ me to ! place :]e %e ,:om /ill on e>? ,i seek & f9d n1 %9es2 ,!re 'mid ! s\ls :om ! ?ird sph]e conf9es1 ,m fair ,i f\nd h] & less pr\d to me4 ,%e took my h& & said3 ,"h %alt ?\ be ,) me ensph]$1 unless desires mislead2 ,lo6 ,i am %e :o made ?y bosom ble$1 ,^: day ere eve 0 end$ utt]ly3 ,my bliss no mortal he>t c und]/&2 ,!e only d ,i lack1 & t :i* ?\ ,s lov$1 n[ left on e>?1 my beaute\s veil4 ,ah6 :]e=e did %e cease & loose my h&8 ,= at ! s\nd ( t cele/ial tale ,i all b /ay$ 9 p>adise till n[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,9 ,,morte ,,di ,,madonna ,,laura4 ,,lxxiv ,! fl[] ( angels & ! spirits ble/1 ,burgh]s ( heav51 on t fir/ day :5 %e ,:o is my lady di$1 ar\nd h] press$ ,fulfill$ ) wond] & ) piety4 ,:at light is ?is8 ,:at beauty manife/8 ,m>vell+ !y cri$3 = su* supremacy ,( spl5d\r 9 ?is age to our high re/ ,ha? nev] so>$ f e>?'s obscurity4 ,%e1 glad to h ex*ang$ h] _s's place1 ,consorts ) ^? ^: virtues mo/ exce$2 ,at times ! :ile %e backw>d turns h] face ,to see me foll[--seems to wait & plead3 ,!re=e t[>d heav5 my w & s\l ,i raise1 ,because ,i he> h] pray+ me to spe$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,we may comp>e ) ,v5ice :at is kn[n ab\t ! anci5t ,hell5ic city ( ,syb>is4 ,syb>is & ,rav5na 7 ! ,greek & ,roman ,v5ice ( antiquity4 ,footnote #b3 ,8 fir/ wife 0 a daught] ( ! great g5]al ( ! ,v5etians aga9/ ,francesco ,s=za4 ,:e!r ,sigismondo murd]$ h]1 z ,sansov9o seems to imply 9 8 ,famiglie ,illu/ri1 or :e!r he only repudiat$ h] aft] h] fa!r's execution on ! ,piazza di ,san ,m>co1 admits ( d\bt4 ,ab\t ! "q ( ,sigismondo's m>riage ) ,isotta !re is also "s unc]ta9ty4 ,at any rate %e _h be5 "s "t 8 mi/ress be=e %e became 8 wife4 ,footnote #c3 ,= ! place occupi$ 9 ! evolution ( ,italian s*ol>%ip by ?is ,greek sage1 see my ',revival ( ,le>n+1' ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 "p #b4 ,footnote #d3 ,! acc\nt ( ?is *ur* giv5 by neas ,sylvius ,piccolom9i 7,pii ,secondi1 ,comm5t41 ii4 #ib7 des]ves quotation3 'dificavit tam5 nobile templum ,arim9i 9 honorem divi ,francisci1 v]um ita g5tilibus op]ibus implevit1 ut non tam ,*ri/ianorum quam infidelium dmones adorantium templum esse videatur4' ,footnote #e3 ,almo/ all ! facts ( ,alb]ti's life are to be f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 biography includ$ 9 ,muratori4 ,x has be5 conjectur$1 & n )\t plausibility1 by ! la/ editor ( ,alb]ti's complete works1 ,bonucci1 t ?is ,lat9 life 0 p5n$ by ,alb]ti himself4 ,footnote #f3 ,!re is 9 reality no d\bt or problem ab\t ?is ,sa9t ,clair4 ,%e 0 born 9 #abge1 & jo9$ ! ,augu/9ian ,si/]hood1 dy+ "y1 9 #acjh1 z ,abbess ( h] conv5t4 ,cont9ual & impassion$ m$itation on ! ,passion ( our ,"l impress$ h] he>t ) ! signs ( ,8 suff]+ :i* h be5 describ$ above4 ,i owe ?is note to ! k9dness ( an anonym\s correspond5t1 :om ,i "h ?ank4 ,footnote #g3 ,! balance ( probability leans aga9/ ,isabella 9 ?is affair4 ,at ! lic5ti\s c\rt ( ! ,m$ici %e liv$ ) unp>donable fre$om4 ,troilo ,ors9i 0 himself assass9at$ 9 ,p>is by ,bracciano's ord]s a few ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,footnote #h3 ,i h amplifi$ & correct$ ?is *ronicle by ! light ( ,pr(essor ,gnoli's monograph1 ,vittoria ,accoramboni1 publi%$ by ,le ,monni] at ,flor5ce 9 #ahgj4 ,footnote #i3 ,9 deal+ ) ,web/]'s trag$y1 ,i h adh]$ to 8 use & spell+ ( names4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! fresco ( ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 ^u ! semi-dome ( ,s4 ,giovanni is ! "w ( a copyi/1 ,ces>e ,aretusi4 ,b "p ( ! orig9al fresco1 :i* 0 remov$ 9 #afhd1 exi/s 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation at ! end ( ! long gall]y ( ! libr>y4 ,footnote #aa3 ,see ! *apt] on ,euripides 9 my ,/udies ( ,greek ,poets1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 = a fur!r developm5t ( ?is view ( arti/ic evolution4 ,footnote #ab3 ,i f9d t ?is /ory is common 9 ! c\ntry r\nd ,canossa4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,f]retti 9 8 monograph entitl$ ,canossa1 ,/udi e ,ric]*e1 ,reggio1 #ahgf1 a "w to :i* ,i am indebt$1 & :i* w repay c>eful /udy4 ,footnote #ac3 ,*>les claim$ "u ! w ( ,r5 ( ,anj\1 :o 9 turn claim$ "u ! w ( ,joan ,,ii4 ,footnote #ad3 ,= an e/imate ( ,cosimo's s]vices to art & lit]ature1 8 collection ( libr>ies1 8 great build+s1 8 g5]osity to s*ol>s1 & 8 promotion ( ,greek /udies1 ,i may ref] to my ,r5aissance 9 ,italy3 ',! ,revival ( ,le>n+1' *ap4 iv4 ,footnote #ae3 ,giott9o _h pa9t$ ! ,duke ( ,a!ns1 9 l mann]1 on ! same walls4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ,ar*ivio ,/orico4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! ord] ( rhymes runs ?us3 a1 b1 b1 a1 a1 b1 b1 a1 c1 d1 c1 d1 c1 d2 or 9 ! t]zets1 c1 d1 e1 c1 d1 e1 or c1 d1 e1 d1 c1 e1 & s =?4 ,footnote #ah3 ,x has extraord9>y int]e/ = ! /ud5t ( our lit]>y developm5t1 inasmu* z x is full ( exp]im5ts 9 metres1 :i* h nev] ?riv5 on ,engli% soil4 ,n to m5tion ! attempt to write 9 asclepiads & o!r classical rhy?ms1 we might po9t to ,sidney's t]za rima1 poems ) sdrucciolo or treble rhymes4 ,?is peculi> & pa9ful =m he borr[$ f ,ario/o & ,sanazz>o2 b ev5 9 ,italian x _c be h&l$ )\t sacrifice ( v>iety1 )\t imp$+ ! metrical movem5t & m>r+ ! s5se4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! /ately /ructure ( ! ,pro?alamion & ,epi?alamion is a rebuild+ ( ! ,italian ,canzone4 ,8 ,eclogues1 ) _! allegories1 repeat ! mann] ( ,petr>*'s m9or ,lat9 poems4 ,footnote #bj3 ,m>l[e makes ,gave/on talk ( ',italian masques4' ,at ! same "t1 9 ! prologue to ,tamburla9e1 he %[s t he 0 consci\s ( ! new & nobl] direction foll[$ by ! drama 9 ,engl&4 ,footnote #ba3 ,?is s5t5ce requires "s qualification4 ,9 8 ,poesia ,popol>e ,italiana1 #ahgh1 ,pr(essor d',ancona pr9ts a ,pisan1 a ,v5etian1 & two ,lomb>d v]sions ( our ,bord] ballad ',:]e hae ye be51 ,"l ,r&al1 my son1' s close 9 g5]al type & m9or details to ! ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,sw$i%1 & ,f9ni% v]sions ( ?is ,volksli$ z to sugge/ a v anci5t community ( orig94 ,x rema9s z yet1 h[ev]1 an isolat$ fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ,italian popul> poetry4 ,footnote #bb3 ,canti ,popol>i ,toscani1 raccolti e annotati da ,giuseppe ,tigri4 ,volume unico4 ,fir5ze3 ,g4 ,b>bra1 #ahfi4 ,footnote #bc3 ,?is is a description ( ! ,tuscan rispetto4 ,9 ,sicily ! /anza g5]ally consi/s ( eight l9es rhym+ alt]nately ?r\gh\t1 :ile 9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy x is normally a simple quatra94 ,! same poetical mat]ial assumes 9 ,nor!rn1 ,c5tral1 & ,s\!rn ,italy ^! div]ge b associat$ =ms4 ,footnote #bd3 ,?is song1 call$ ,ciure 7,sicilian = fiore7 9 ,sicily1 is said by ,signor ,pitr to be 9 disrepute !re4 ,he once ask$ an old dame ( ,pal]mo to repeat him "s ( ^! ditties4 ,h] answ] 01 ',y mu/ get !m f light wom52 ,i d n "k any4 ,!y s+ !m 9 bad h\ses & prisons1 :]e1 ,god be prais$1 ,i h nev] be54' ,9 ,tuscany !re does n appe> to be s m>k$ a di/9ction betwe5 ! fl[] song & ! rispetto4 ,footnote #be3 ,mu* light has lately be5 ?r[n on ! popul> poetry ( ,italy2 & x appe>s t contempor>y improvisatori tru/ m to _! ri*ly /ock$ memories & to _! p[] ( recomb9ation ?an to orig9al or novel inspiration4 ,x is 9 ,sicily t ! ve9 ( truly creative lyric utt]ance is said to fl[ mo/ freely & mo/ copi\sly at ! pres5t "t4 ,footnote #bf3 ',rememb] me1 fair "o1 to ! scriv5]4 ,i d n "k him or :o he is1 b he seems to me a sov]eign poet1 s cunn+ is he 9 8 use ( v]se4' ,footnote #bg3 ,x mu/ be rem>k$ t ,tigri draws a /rong contra/ 9 ?is respect betwe5 ! songs ( ! m\nta9 di/ricts :i* he has pr9t$ & ^? ( ! t[ns1 & t ,pitr1 9 8 edition ( ,sicilian ,volksli$]1 expressly alludes to ! co>s5ess ( a :ole class :i* he _h omitt$4 ,! ,,mss4 ( ,sicilian & ,tuscan songs1 dat+ f ! fifte5? c5tury & e>li]1 yield a fair proportion ( decid$ly obsc5e compositions4 ,yet ! fact /at$ above is integrally correct4 ,:5 acclimatis$ 9 ! l>ge t[ns1 ! ru/ic ,muse n unfrequ5tly assumes a g>b ( grossness4 ,at home1 among ! fields & on ! m\nta9s1 %e rema9s *a/e & romantic4 ,footnote #bh3 ,9 a rispetto1 ( :i* ,i subjo9 a translation1 sung by a poor lad to a mi/ress ( high] rank1 love itself is plead$ z ! sign ( a g5tle s\l3-- ,my /ate is poor3 ,i am n meet ,to c\rt s nobly born a love2 ,= pov]ty ha? ti$ my feet1 ,try+ to climb too f> above4 ,yet am ,i g5tle1 lov+ !e2 ,nor ne$ ?\ %un my pov]ty4 ,footnote #bi3 ,:5 ! ,*]ub9a1 ( :om m5tion has be5 made above1 0 ask$ by ,signor ,tigri to dictate "s ( h] rispetti1 %e answ]$1 ',o signore6 ne dico tanti qu&o li canto6 4 4 4 ma ora 4 4 4 bisogn]ebbe av]li tutti 9 visione2 se no1 proprio non v5gono4' ,footnote #cj3 ,i ne$ h>dly gu>d myself aga9/ be+ suppos$ to mean t ! =m ( ,ballata 9 "q 0 ! only "o ( its k9d 9 ,italy4 ,footnote #ca3 ,see my ,sket*es 9 ,italy & ,greece1 p4 #aad4 ,footnote #cb3 ,! orig9als w be f\nd 9 ,c>ducci's ,/udi ,lett]>i1 p4 #bgc et seq4 ,i h pres]v$ _! rhym+ /ructure4 ,footnote #cc3 ,/anza ,,xliii4 ,all ref]5ces are made to ,c>ducci's excell5t edition1 ,le ,/anze1 l',orfeo e le ,rime di ,mess] ,angelo ,ambrog9i ,poliziano4 ,fir5ze3 ,g4 ,b>bra4 #ahfc4