file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #adfbe-;h4htm or #adfbe-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/d_ /f_/b_/adfbe_/adfbe-;h_/#adfbe-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/d_ /f_/b_/adfbe_/adfbe-;h4zip7 ,,milit>y ,,in/ructors ,,manual by ,,capta9 ,,james ,p4 ,,cole1 #ei? ,,infantry ,in/ructor #crd ,battalion1 #ag? ,provisional ,tra9+ ,regim5t1 ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y4 & ,,major ,,oliv] ,,s*oonmak]1 #gf? ,,division ,assi/ant ,in/ructor #crd ,battalion1 #ag? ,provisional ,tra9+ ,regim5t1 ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y4 ,,to ,,colonel ,,wolf ,"u ^: c>eful sup]vision s _m h receiv$ _! ,milit>y ,tra9+ 9 ord] t !y may %[ ! _w 9 battle ! true _s ( ,am]ican manhood4 ,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,to h prep>$ ?is book )9 ! 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(fic] may f9d 9 ?is book1 mat]ial cond5s$ & already arrang$4 ,x is hop$ t ?is "w w s]ve to recall to _m (fic]s1 valuable po9ts ( milit>y tra9+ :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/1 to !m 9 ! mass ( notes nev] look$ at s9ce ! day !y 7 made4 ,m ?an ?is1 e read] w f9d help 9 plann+ 8 "w1 sav+ !reby preci\s h\rs already too full ( necess>y duties1 & w f9d fre% mat]ial = progress 9 ! game ( w>4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is book to help m5 :o are 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ?r\gh !m to %>e 9 br++ victory4 ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,*apt] #a4 ,,s*$ules #a ,*apt] #b4 ,,infantry ,,drill ,,regulations #ca ,*apt] #c4 ,,physical ,,tra9+ #ia ,,voice ,,culture4 ,*apt] #d4 ,,use ,,( ,,mod]n ,,arms #aje #a4 ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #b4 ,range ,practice4 #c4 ,pi/ol4 #d4 ,bayonet4 #e4 ,ma*9e ,guns4 #f4 ,gr5ade ,in/ruction4 ,*apt] #e4 ,,map ,,sket*+ #adc ,*apt] #f4 ,,articles ,,( ,,w>4 7,c\rts-,m>tial47 #afa ,*apt] #g4 ,,army ,,regulations #age ,*apt] #h4 ,,practice ,,m>*es #ahg ,,field ,,"w4 ,*apt] #i4 ,,fe$+ ,,m5 #bac ,,camp+ ,,& ,,camp ,,sanitation4 ,*apt] #aj4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e #bba ,,fir/ ,,aid4 ,*apt] #aa4 ,,signal+ #bbi ,*apt] #ab4 ,,gu>d ,,duty #bcg ,*apt] #ac4 ,,company ,,adm9i/ration #bde ,*apt] #ad4 ,,conf]5ces #bei ,/udy4 ,small ,problems 9 ,infantry4 ,exam9ations4 ,*apt] #ae4 ,,tr5* ,,w>f>e #bhg #a4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples4 #b4 ,sit+ ,tr5*es4 #c4 ,con/ruction4 #d4 ,occupation4 ,,conclusion #cif ,,bibliography #cig ,,*apt] ,,index #djc ,,*apt] #a4 ,s*$ules4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,res]ve ,,(fic]s' ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,augu/ #bg to ,septemb] #a1 #aiag ,organization4 ,issue ( ,equipm5t4 ,drill ,organization ( ,drill ,physical ,b>racks ,i4,d4,r4 ,m4,p4,t4 ,monday1 ,aug4 #bg #g4jj-ab4jj a4m4 #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,tuesday1 ,aug4 #bh ,)\t arms #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 pgs4 #a-cj p>s #dh-gc --------------- #h4cj-aj4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aja-acb ,) arms #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 p>s #dh-ajj #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 ,w$nesday1 ,aug4 #bi --------------- pgs4 #a-cc #h4cj-aj4cj a4m4 p>4 #aja-acb #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>4 #dh-ajj pgs4 #a-cf ,?ursday1 ,aug4 #cj #h4cj-i4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aja-acb #i4cj-aj4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aei-aih #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>4 #dh-ajj pgs4 #a-ci ,friday1 ,aug4 #ca #h4cj-i4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aja-acb #i4cj-aj4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aei-aih ,saturday1 ,sept4 #a4 ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,musketry ,practice ,tra9+ ,m>* ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,/udy ,conf]5ces #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>4 #a-ba p>4 #dh-gc- #aja-acb ,i4,d4,r4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #a-ba ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #b4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,c>e ( arms & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 equipm5t p>4 #gd-ajj ,i4,d4,r4 #b4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #a-ca ,)\t arms #a4cj-b4cj p4m4 ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #c4cj-d4cj p4m4 #aj4de-aa4de a4m4 p>4 #a-ba -------------- ,assembl+ & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 adju/+ pack p>4 #aei-aih ,i4,d4,r4 #aj4de-aa4de a4m4 #a4cj-b4cj p4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #b4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,) arms p>4 #a-ca p>4 #aei-aih ,assembl+ & ,i4,d4,r4 adju/+ pack ,) arms & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #c4cj-d4cj p4m4 light pack #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #aii-beg- ,milit>y #aj4de-aa4de a4m4 p>4 #a-ca #geh-gfe ,c\rtesy ,i4,d4,r4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,septemb] #c to ,septemb] #h1 #aiag ,drill ,drill ,physical ,i4,d4,r4 ,m4,p4,t4 ,monday1 ,sept4 #c #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 p>s4 #aja-aeh pgs4 #a-db #aei-aic ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #d #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 p>s4 #dh-ajj pgs4 #a-de #aeh-aih ,w$nesday1 ,sept4 #e #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 p>s4 #aja-aeh pgs4 #a-dh #aeh-aih ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #f #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4cj p4m4 p>s4 #dh-ajj pgs4 #a-eb #aei-aih ,friday1 ,sept4 #g #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 p>s4 #aja-aeh pgs4 #a-ee #aei-aih ,saturday1 ,sept4 #h ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor4 ,musketry ,companies ,tra9+ ,semaphore ,practice ,m>* ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,signall+ ,full ,kit #h4de-i4de a4m4 p>4 #a-ca #i4de-aj4de a4m4 #aj4jj-aa4jj a4m4 p>4 #a-ca #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #h4de-i4de a4m4 #h4de-i4de p4m4 p>4 #a-ca #i4de-aj4ae a4m4 #aj4cj-aa4cj a4m4 p>4 #a-ca #h4de-aj4ae a4m4 #h4de-i4de a4m4 p>4 #a-ca #i4de-aj4ae a4m4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,septemb] #c to ,septemb] #h1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,gr5ade ,in/ruction ,a ,bayonet ,drill #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 ,lesson #a ,monday1 ,sept4 #c #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 ,lessons #a & #b ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #d #aa4cj-ab4jj m4 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 ,lessons #a & #c ,w$nesday1 ,sept4 #e #aj4cj-aa4jj a4m4 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 ,lessons #a & #d ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #f #aa4cj-ab4jj m4 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 ,lessons #a & #e ,friday1 ,sept4 #g #aj4cj-aa4jj a4m4 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ ,saturday1 ,sept4 #h ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor4 ,voice ,culture ,conf]5ces ,/udy #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>s4 #a-aeh ,i4,d4,r #aa4cj-ab4jj m4 p>4 #a-ajj ,i4,d4,r4 pgs4 #g-df pgs4 #g-df ,m4,g4,d4 ,m4,g4,d4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #aei-agd ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #aja-aeh ,i4,d4,r4 pgs4 #dg-hh pgs4 #g-hh ,m4,g4,d4 ,m4,g4,d4 ,physical ,exam4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #age-aih ,i4,d4,r4 #aa4jj-ab4jj m4 p>s4 #aei-agd "p ,,iii--,u4,s4 "p #e1 #f1 #aj1 #ai ,signal ,book ,u4,s4,s4,b4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>4 #gib-gih ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #age-aih1 #a-fa p>4 #a-fa ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 #aa4jj-ab4jj m4 p>s4 #gib-gih ,i4,d4,r4 p>4 #aii-bbj #a-fa #a-fa ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,gr5ade ,in/ructor4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,septemb] #aj to ,septemb] #ae1 #aiag ,drill ,musketry ,tra9+ ,i4,d4,r4 ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #g4jj-g4cj a4m4 p>s4 #acc-aej #h4cj-i4cj a4m4 ------------------ p>s4 #ce-dc ,monday1 ,sept4 #aj #g4cj-h4jj a4m4 ,sight sett+ p>s4 #abc-abg & load+s ------------------ #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #aei-aih #i4cj-aj4cj a4m4 p>s4 #ce-ea ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #aa ,same z = ,monday ,sight sett+ & load+s ,w$nesday1 ,sept4 #ab #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4cj-i4cj p4m4 p>s4 #aii-baa p>s4 #ce-eg ------------------ ,sight sett+ #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 & load+s p>s4 #aei-aih #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #ac p>s4 #aii-bbd #aj4jj-aa4jj a4m4 ------------------ p>s4 #ce-fj #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 ,sight sett+ p>s4 #aei-aih & load+s #g4jj-h4cj a4m4 #h4cj-i4cj a4m4 ,friday1 ,sept4 #ad p>s4 #aei-bbd p>s4 #ce-fa ,sight sett+ & load+s ,saturday1 ,sept4 #ae ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,fir/ ,aid ,manual1 ,signal+ ,n4,c4,o's & ,morse ,code ,practice ,m>* ,privates 7wig wag7 ,full ,kit #i4cj-aj4cj a4m4 ,w\nds #aj4cj-aa4jj a4m4 pgs4 #bhf-bhh #aj4cj-aa4jj a4m4 #h4cj-i4cj a4m4 #i4cj-aj4cj a4m4 ,fractures #aj4cj-aa4jj a4m4 pgs4 #bhh-bij #h4cj-aj4jj a4m4 #i4cj-aj4jj a4m4 ,resuscitation #aj4jj-aa4jj a4m4 pgs4 #bij-bif ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,septemb] #aj to ,septemb] #ae1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,gr5ade ,in/ruction ,drill1 ,physical ,b ,m4,p4,t4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 ,monday1 ,sept4 #aj #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 pgs4 #a-eh pgs4 #acc-acd #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #aa #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 pgs4 #a-fa pgs4 #acc-acd ,w$nesday1 ,sept4 #ab #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-fd pgs4 #acc-acd #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #ac #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 pgs4 #a-fg pgs4 #acc-acd #c4cj-d4jj p4m4 ,friday1 ,sept4 #ad #aa4jj-aa4cj a4m4 pgs4 #a-gj pgs4 #acc-acd ,saturday1 ,sept4 #ae ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,bayonet ,drill ,conf]5ce ,/udy #a4cj-b4cj p4m4 ,mon4 #g4jj-h4jj p4m4 p>s4 #abc-abg1 p>s4 #abc-abg1 #aii-bbc ,i4,d4,r4 #aii-bbc ,i4,d4,r4 #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 -------------------- ------------------ #b4cj-c4cj p4m4 #h4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #cb-fa ,s4,a4,f4,m4 p>s4 #cb-fa ,s4,a4,f4,m4 #g4jj-h4jj p4m4 #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 p>s4 #bbe-bdh ,i4,d4,r4 #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 p>s4 #bbe-bdh ,i4,d4,r4 -------------------- pgs4 #e-aa #h4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,notes on pgs4 #e-aa ,bayonet ,tra9+ ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ #a4cj-c4cj p4m4 ,tues4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #bdi-beg ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #bdi-beg ,i4,d4,r4 #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 pgs4 #ab-ai pgs4 #ab-ai ,notes on ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ ,bayonet ,tra9+ #a4cj-b4cj p4m4 ,w$4 #g4jj-h4jj p4m4 ,patroll+1 messages1 ,patroll+1 messages1 ord]s1 etc4 ord]s1 etc4 #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 pgs4 #ab-bd ,f4,s4,r4 pgs4 #ab-bd ,f4,s4,r4 -------------------- -------------------- #b4cj-c4cj p4m4 #h4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,notes on ,notes on ,gr5ade ,w>f>e ,gr5ade ,w>f>e #a4cj-b4cj p4m4 ,?urs4 #g4jj-h4jj p4m4 ,advance & ,advance & ,re> ,gu>ds ,re> ,gu>ds pgs4 #be-cd ,f4,s4,r4 pgs4 #be-bd ,f4,s4,r4 #d4jj-d4cj p4m4 -------------------- -------------------- #b4cj-c4cj p4m4 #h4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,tra9+ ,tra9+ ,employm5t ( ,employm5t ( ,bomb]s ,bomb]s ,footnote ,b3 ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,gr5ade ,in/ructor4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,septemb] #ag to ,septemb] #bb1 #aiag ,drill1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,musketry ,tra9+ ,s4,a4,f4,m4 ,monday1 ,sept4 #ag #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #dh-aih p>s4 #cb-fa close ord] only ,tuesday1 ,sept4 #ah #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #dh-aih p>s4 #cb-fa close ord] only ,w$nesday1 ,sept4 #ai #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #dh-aih p>s4 #cb-fa close ord] only ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #bj #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #dh-aih p>s4 #cb-gj close ord] only ,friday1 ,sept4 #ba #g4jj-h4jj a4m4 #h4jj-h4cj a4m4 p>s4 #dh-aih p>s4 #cb-gj close ord] only ,saturday1 ,sept4 #bb ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,drill1 ,physical ,sket*+ ,/udy ,m4,p4,t4 ,c #h4cj-i4jj a4m4 #i4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-gc1 #acc-acd #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 pgs4 #bj-cd ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+ p>s4 #bcb-beg1 ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #beh-bgf1 ,i4,d4,r4 #h4cj-i4jj a4m4 #i4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-gf1 #acc-acd #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,outpo/s pgs4 #ce-db1 ,f4,s4,r4 p>s4 #bgg-bhi1 ,i4,d4,r4 #h4cj-i4jj a4m4 #i4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-gi1 #acc-ahd #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,ord]s pgs4 #dc-ej1 ,f4,s4,r4 p>s4 #bij-cbf1 ,i4,d4,r4 #h4cj-i4jj a4m4 #i4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-hb1 #acc-acb #a4cj-d3cj p4m4 ,m>*es pgs4 #ea-fe1 ,f4,s4,r4 p>s4 #a-i1 #ad-ah1 ,e4,f4,m4 #h4cj-i4jj a4m4 #i4jj-aa3cj a4m4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 pgs4 #a-he1 #acc-acd #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 p>s4 #cg-db1 #fa-gb1 #aja-aji1 ,e4,f4,m4 ,footnote ,c3 ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor 9 ,sket*+4 ,septemb] #bd-bi1 #aiag4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,tr5*es4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #a to ,octob] #f1 #aiag4 ,drill1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,physical ,m4,p4,t4 ,monday1 ,oct4 #a #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-aih pgs4 #hf-hi & #adb ,arm ,comb9ations ,tuesday1 ,oct4 #b ,company #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r pgs4 #ij-ic & #adb p>s4 #dh-aih ,arm ,comb9ations ,w$nesday1 ,oct4 #c ,battalion #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r pgs4 #ij-ic & #adb p>s4 #beh-bhi ,arm ,comb9ations ,?ursday4 ,oct4 #d ,battalion #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r pgs4 #ag-ic & #adb p>s4 #beh-bhi ,arm ,comb9ations ,friday1 ,oct4 #e ,battalion #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r pgs4 #ag-ic & #adb p>s4 #beh-bhi ,arm ,comb9ations ,saturday1 ,oct4 #f ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,bayonet ,range ,practice ,signall+ ,d ,e #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a h\r #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,semaphore & ,wigwag #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a h\r #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,semaphore & ,wigwag #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,footnote ,d3 ,p] ,bayonet ,program4 ,footnote ,e3 ,p] s*$ule ,s5ior ,in/ructor ,musketry ,tra9+4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #a to ,octob] #f1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,field ,"w ,pi/ol ,monday1 ,oct4 #a #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,patroll+ ,nom5clature #a_/b h\r ,manual ,tuesday1 ,oct4 #b ,same z = ,monday ,w$nesday1 ,oct4 #c #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,patroll+ ,manual #a_/b h\r ,position & ,aim+ ,?ursday1 ,oct4 #d ,same z = ,w$nesday ,friday1 ,oct4 #e #a h\r ,same z = ,w$nesday ,patroll+ ,saturday1 ,oct4 #f ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,conf]5ce ,/udy #b h\rs #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #beh-bgd1 ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #bfc-bhe1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,prob4 #a to ,situation #c4 ,problem #a1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,s4,p4,i4 #b h\rs #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #bge-bhe1 ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #bhf-cjd1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,situation #c1 ,prob4 #a1 to ,problem #b1 ,s4,p4,i4 end ( ,problem1 ,s4,p4,i4 #b h\rs #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #bhf-cjd1 ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #cje-cbf1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,problem #b1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,problem #c to ,situation #d ,s4,p4,i4 #b h\rs #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #cje-cbf1 ,i4,d4,r4 p>s4 #cbg-cdi1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,prob4 #c to ,situation #d1 ,situation #d1 ,problem #c to ,s4,p4,i4 end ( ,problem1 ,s4,p4,i4 #b h\rs #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #cbg-cdi1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,p] lat] ,situation #d1 ,prob4 #c1 to ann\ncem5t end ( ,problem1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #h to ,octob] #ac1 #aiag4 ,drill1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,physical ,drill ,m4,p4,t4 ,monday1 ,octob] #h #a h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #abc-aeh pgs4 #ag-ic1 #acc-adb #aii-bbd ,tuesday1 ,octob] #i #a h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #abc-aeh pgs4 #ag-ic1 #acc-adb #aii-bbd ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #aj #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #abc-aeh pgs4 #ag-ic1 #acc-adb #aii-bbd ,?ursday1 ,octob] #aa #a h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #abc-aeh pgs4 #ag-ic1 #acc-adb #aii-bbd ,friday1 ,octob] #ab ,saturday1 ,octob] #ac ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,bayonet ,range ,practice ,signal+ ,f ,g #a_/b h\r #g-cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g-cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g-cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r #g-cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,footnote ,f3 ,p] ,bayonet ,program4 ,footnote ,g3 ,rifle1 pi/ol1 ma*9e gun1 e/imat+ di/ances1 etc41 z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor ,musketry ,tra9+4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #h to ,octob] #ac1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,field ,"w 7,company7 ,h ,conf]5ces ,monday1 ,octob] #h #b h\rs ,prob4 #d to ,situation #e exclusive1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #eif-fbb1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,tuesday1 ,octob] #i #b h\rs ,situation #e1 ,prob4 #d to end ( ,problem1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #fbc-ffj1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #aj #b h\rs ,problem #e1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #ffa-fgg1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,?ursday1 ,octob] #aa #b h\rs ,problem #f1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #fgh-gjg1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,friday1 ,octob] #ab #g4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,advance & re> gu>ds1 outpo/s1 patrol+1 messages & ord]s ,saturday1 ,octob] #ac ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,/udy #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #d1 ,s4,p4,i p>s4 #eif-ffj1 ,i4,d4,r4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #e1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #ffa-fgg1 ,i4,d4,r4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #f1 ,s4,p4,i4 p>s4 #fgh-gjg1 ,i4,d4,r4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #g to ,situation #e1 exclusive p>s4 #cej-cgj1 ,i4,d4,r4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 z p] lat] ann\ncem5t ,footnote ,h3 ,to include conf]5ces & critique on ! gr\nd ( ex]cise conduct$4 ,octob] #ae-ag1 #aiag4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,tr5*es4 ,octob] #ah-ai1 #aiag4 ,,occupation ,,( ,,! ,,tr5*es ,,f #h4jj ,a4,m4 ,octob] #ah1 #aiag ,,to #h4jj ,a4,m4 ,octob] #ai1 #aiag4 ,octob] #bj1 #aiag4 #g4cj ,a4,m4-#aa ,a4,m4 ,,conf]5ce ,,( ,,tr5* ,,occupation1 #aa ,a4,m4 ,,inspection4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bb to ,octob] #bg1 #aiag ,drill1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,physical ,drill ,m4,p4,t4 ,monday1 ,octob] #bb #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi pgs4 #ag-ic pg4 #adi ,tuesday1 ,octob] #bc #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi pgs4 #ag-ic pg4 #adi ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #bd #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi pgs4 #ag-ic pg4 #adi ,?ursday1 ,octob] #be #a h\r #a_/b h\r p>s4 #dh-bhi pgs4 #ag-ic pg4 #adi ,friday1 ,octob] #bf ,saturday1 ,octob] #bg ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,bayonet ,range ,practice ,signal+ ,i ,j #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a_/b h\r #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,footnote ,i3 ,p] ,bayonet ,program4 ,footnote ,j3 ,rifle1 pi/ol1 ma*9e gun1 e/imat+ di/ances1 etc41 z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor ( ,musketry ,tra9+4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bb to ,octob] #bg1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,field ,"w ,k ,conf]5ces ,monday1 ,octob] #bb #b h\rs p>s4 #cej-cgj1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,review ,problems #a-f ,s4,p4,i4 ,tuesday1 ,octob] #bc #b h\rs p>s4 #cga-dja1 ,i4,d4,r ,prob4 #g to ,situation #e ,s4,p4,i4 ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #bd #b h\rs p>s4 #djb-ddb1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,situation #f1 ,prob4 #g to end ( prob4 ,?ursday1 ,octob] #be #b h\rs p>s4 #ddb-did1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,problem #h1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,friday1 ,octob] #bf #g4jj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4cj-d4cj p4m4 ,companies 9 attack & def5se 7to include sit+ ( tr5*es7 ,saturday1 ,octob] #bg ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,/udy #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #cga-dja1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,prob4 #g to ,situation #e1 ,s4,p4,i4 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #djb-dda1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,situation #f1 ,prob4 #g to end ( ,prob4 ,s4,p4,i4 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #ddb-did1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,prob4 #h1 ,s4,p4,i4 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 p>s4 #die-ecf1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,problem #i1 ,s4,p4,i4 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 z p] lat] ann\ncem5t ,footnote ,k3 ,to include conf]5ces & critique on ! gr\nd ( ex]cise conduct$4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bi to ,novemb] #c1 #aiag ,drill ,physical ,drill ,monday1 ,octob] #bi #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,attack ,=mation ,tr5* ,tuesday1 ,octob] #cj #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,attack ,=mation ,tr5* ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #ca #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,attack ,=mation ,tr5* ,?ursday1 ,novemb] #a #a h\r #a_/b h\r ,attack ,=mation ,tr5* ,friday1 ,novemb] #b ,saturday1 ,novemb] #c ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,bayonet ,signal+ ,range ,practice ,l ,m #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 #a_/b h\r #g4cj-aa4cj a4m4 #a4ae-d4ae p4m4 ,footnote ,l3 ,p] ,bayonet ,program4 ,footnote ,m3 ,rifle1 pi/ol1 ma*9e gun1 e/imat+ di/ances1 etc41 z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructor ( ,musketry ,tra9+4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,in/ruction1 ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bi to ,novemb] #c1 #aiag--7;,conclud$7 ,field ,"w ,conf]5ces ,n ,monday1 ,octob] #bi #b h\rs p>s4 #die-ecf1 ,i4,d4,r4 ,problem #i1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,tuesday1 ,octob] #cj #b h\rs ,problem #aj1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 ,w$nesday1 ,octob] #ca #b h\rs ,problem #aa1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 ,?ursday1 ,novemb] #a #b h\rs ,problem #ab1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 ,friday1 ,novemb] #b ,battalions 9 attack & def5se 7,field ,kit7 ,saturday1 ,novemb] #c ,z prescrib$ by ,s5ior ,in/ructors4 ,/udy #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #aj1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #aa1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #ab1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 #c h\rs--#a h\r daily & #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 ,problem #ac1 ,s4,p4,i4 ,battle ,fire ,tra9+ 7lesson s*$ul$ lat]7 #g4jj-i4jj p4m4 z p] lat] ann\ncem5t,o ,footnote ,n3 ,to include conf]5ces & critique on ! gr\nd ( ex]cise conduct$4 ,footnote ,o3 ,dur+ ! week ea* ,battalion w be giv5 #a_/b day's in/ruction 9 cam\flage "u direction ,s5ior ,eng9e] ,in/ructor4 ,,s*$ules4 ,novemb] #e?-#i?1 #aiag4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 #b h\rs4 ,m>* 9 full kit1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,signal+1 #a_/b h\r4 ,physical drill1 #b-a_/b h\rs1 ,bayonet1 #b-a_/b h\rs1 ,ma*9e gun in/ruction1 #g-a_/b h\rs4 ,field =tification1 #aj h\rs4 ,conf]5ces1 #aj h\rs4 ,/udy1 #aj h\rs4 ,9 ! /udy & conf]5ces ! foll[+ w be tak5 up3 ,manual ( ,c\rts-,m>tial--pp4 #cje to end4 ,fir/ ,aid4 ,p]sonal ,hygi5e4 ,camp ,sanitation4 ,novemb] #ab?-#ag?1 #aiag4 ,physical1 drill1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,bayonet drill1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,battalion c]emonies1 #a-a_/b h\rs4 ,battalion m>*1 full kit1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,field =tification & tr5* w>f>e1 #bc h\rs4 ,/udy & conf]5ces1 #aj h\rs4 ,9 ! /udy & conf]5ce's ! foll[+ w be tak5 up3 ,tr5* ,w>f>e4 ,gr5ades ,gas ,attack & ,def5se4 ,communication4 ,novemb] #ai?-#bcrd1 #aiag4 ,physical1 drill1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,bayonet drill1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 #b-a_/b h\rs4 ,company adm9i/ration & ,army regulations1 #dj h\rs4 ,c]emonies1 p>ades & reviews1 #e h\rs4 ,,*apt] #b4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,! greate/ lesson ( ! pres5t w> is t ! keynote ( success is discipl9e4 ,9 tr5*es ! direct control ( ! m5 is ev5 less ?an 9 ext5d$ ord] 9 op5 w>f>e1 & only ?or\ghly discipl9$ troops ) a tru/$ lead] c hope to succe$4 ,! successful (fic] w %[ ang] or irritation only 9 r>e cases1 & !n by design3 he w "k 8 m5 individually & be z consid]ate ( !m z possible1 ready to d himself :at he asks to h done2 j 9 adm9i/]+ puni%m5ts2 cle> 9 giv+ 8 comm&s & insi/5t t !y be c>ri$ out promptly2 he w le>n f drill+ 8 m5 ! quicke/ way a desir$ result c be accompli%$1 & to give ! necess>y comm&s 9 ! mo/ effective mann]4 ,he w read 8 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ?r\gh ea* mon? & w always f9d some?+ t he nev] knew or has =gott54 ,he w always consult x be=e go+ to drill4 ,9 expla9+ movem5ts he w use blackbo>d diagrams 9 conf]5ces4 ,on ! field he w take ! fewe/ possible m5 & h movem5t execut$ by ! numb]s prop]ly be=e ! o!r m54 ,!n h all ! m5 g ?r\gh ! movem5t a numb] ( times4 ,! object ( ea* ex]cise or drill %\ld be expla9$ to ! m5 :5ev] possible4 ,success 9 battle is ! ultimate object ( all milit>y tra9+4 ,s*ool ( ! ,soldi]4 ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,arms4 ,! object ( ! fac+s & m>*+s is to give ! soldi] complete control ( 8 body 9 drills s t he c move easily & promptly at any comm&4 ,att5tion4 ,,position ,,( ,,att5tion4--,?is is ! position a soldi] assumes :5 9 ranks or :5ev] ! comm& att5tion is giv54 ,9 ! tra9+ ( anyone no?+ equals ! importance ( a prop] po/ure2 x is ! v f\ndation ^u :i* ! entire fabric ( any successful tra9+ mu/ be f\nd$4 ,in/ructors mu/ p]si/ 9 ! developm5t ( ?is position until ! m5 assume x f habit4 ,at ! comm&1 #a4 ,company 7,squad1 etc471 #b4 ,att5tion1 ! foll[+ position is assum$3 #a4 ,,heels ,,toge!r ,,& ,,on ,a ,,l9e4--,if ! heels are n on a l9e1 ! hips & sometimes ev5 ! %\ld]s1 are ?r[n out ( l9e4 #b4 ,,feet ,,turn$ ,,out ,,equally1 ,,=m+ ,,an ,,angle ,,( #de ,,degrees4--,if ! feet are n turn$ out equally1 ! result w be ! same z above4 #c4 ,,knees ,,ext5d$ ,,)\t ,,/iffness4--,muscles %\ld be contract$ j en\gh to keep ! knees /raight4 ,if lock$1 m5 tire easily & fa9t if at att5tion a long "t4 #d4 ,,! ,,trunk ,,erect ,,^u ,,! ,,hips1 ! sp9e ext5d$ ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?2 ! buttocks well =w>d4 ,! position ( ! trunk1 sp9e & buttocks is mo/ ess5tial4 ,9 ext5d+ ! sp9e ! m5 mu/ feel t ! trunk is be+ /ret*$ up f ! wai/ until ! back is z /raight z x c be made4 ,9 /ret*+ ! sp9e ! *e/ %\ld be ar*$ & rais$1 )\t1 h[ev]1 rais+ ! %\ld]s or int]f]+ ) natural respiration4 #e4 ,,%\ld]s ,,fall+ ,,naturally & mov$ back until !y are squ>e4 ,be+ squ>e1 means hav+ ! %\ld] ridge & ! po9t ( ! %\ld] at "r angles to a g5]al ant]ior-po/]ior plane runn+ ?r\gh ! body4 ,!y %\ld nev] be =c$ back ( ?is plane1 b out r 9 l9e ) x4 #f4 ,,arms ,,hang+ ,,naturally1 ?umbs aga9/ ! seams ( ! tr\s]s1 f+]s ext5d$1 & back ( h& turn$ out4 ,! arms mu/ n be =cibly ext5d$ nor held rigidly2 if !y are1 a comp5sat+ faulty curve w occur 9 ! lumb> region4 #g4 ,,head ,,erect1 ,,*9 ,,rais$ until neck is v]tical1 eyes fix$ ^u "s object at _! own height4 ,e t5d5cy to draw ! *9 9 mu/ be c\nt]act$4 #h4 ,:5 ?is position is correctly assum$1 ! m5 w be taught to incl9e ! body =w>d until ! weight re/s *iefly ^u ! balls ( ! feet1 heels re/+ lightly ^u ! gr\nd4 ,:5 prop]ly assum$1 a v]tical l9e drawn f ! top ( ! head %\ld pass 9 front ( ! e>1 %\ld] & ?ighs1 & f9d its base at ! balls ( ! feet4 ,e t5d5cy t[>d rigidity mu/ be avoid$2 all muscles are contract$ only en\gh to ma9ta9 ?is position1 :i* is "o ( co-ord9ation1 ( physical & m5tal al]tness1 t makes = mobility1 activity & grace4 ,a man :o fa9ts /&+ at att5tion has n tak5 ! prop] position4 ,re/s4 ,,position ,,( ,,re/ ,,& ,,at ,,ease4--,:5 m5 are /&+ at re/ or at ease !y mu/ be caution$ to avoid assum+ any position t w nullify ! object ( ! position ( ,att5tion4 ,/&+ on "o leg1 fold+ arms1 all[+ %\ld]s or head to droop =w>d1 mu/ be disc\nt5anc$ p]si/5tly until ! m5 =m ! habit ( re/+ ) feet sep>at$ b on ! same l9e1 h&s elaps$ beh9d ! back1--head1 %\ld]s & trunk erect1 7m4p4t41 pp4 #ba & #bb47 ,,fall ,,out4--,leave ranks4 ,,re/4--,"o foot 9 place4 ,c talk4 ,,at ,,ease4--,"o foot 9 place4 ,sil5ce4 ,,p>ade ,,re/4--,d n sl\* d[n on "r foot4 ,keep *e/ well up4 ,,eyes ,,"r1 #b4 ,,front4--,h x snappy4 ,,"r ,,face4--,to face 9 m>*+ & advance1 turn on ! ball ( ei!r foot & /ep (f ) ! o!r foot 9 ! new l9e ( direction4 7,d n confuse ) ! ord9>y comm&1 ,"r ,face47 ,,"r ,,half ,,face4--#de degrees1 us$ to %[ position 9 ,"r ,oblique4 ,,ab\t ,,face4--,h weight well back4 ,n necess>y to move "r foot aft] turn is made4 ,,h& ,,salute4--,mann] ( r5d]+ is index to mann] 9 :i* all o!r duties are p]=m$4 ,,=w>d ,,m>*4--,%ift weight to "r foot1 m5tally4 ,,d\ble ,,"t1 ,,m>*4--,t5d5cy to g too fa/4 ,"t x4 #cj /eps 9 #aj seconds4 ,take "o /ep quick "t1 !n take up d\ble "t4 ,,m>k ,,"t1 ,,m>*4--,giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,to resume full /ep1 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 ,,half ,,/ep1 ,,m>*4--,all /eps & m>*+s execut$ f a halt1 except ,"r ,/ep1 beg9 ) left foot4 ,,"r ,,/ep1 ,,m>*4 ,,backw>d1 ,,m>*4--,execut$ 9 quick "t only & at trail1 )\t comm&4 #ae in* ,/ep4 ,,squad1 ,,halt4--,giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,flank1 ,,m>*4--,/ep (f ) "r foot4 ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,m>*4--,giv5 z "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,if m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 turn to ! rightab\t tak+ #d /eps1 9 place1 9 cad5ce1 & /ep (f ) left foot4 ,,*ange ,,/ep1 ,,m>*4--,be+ 9 m>*2 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,manual ( ,arms4 ,,purpose4--,to make ! man s accu/om$ to ! rifle t he h&les x )\t a ?\ght4 ,eight rules gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! piece4 ,see p>agraph #ge1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,six rules gov]n ! execution ( ! manual4 ,see p>agraph #gf1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,comm&s & ,cautions4 ,,ord]1 ,,arms4--,see t all ! f+]s ( ! "r h& are ar\nd ! piece4 ,,pres5t1 ,,arms4--,left =e>m horizontal & aga9/ ! body4 ,,port1 ,,arms4--,"r =e>m horizontal4 ,left =e>m aga9/ ! body4 ,,"r ,,%\ld]1 ,,arms4--,insi/ on an angle ( #de degrees4 ,trigg] gu>d 9 holl[ ( %\ld]4 ,"r h& does ! "w4 ,,left ,,%\ld]1 ,,arms4--,"r h& 9 next to la/ position grasps small ( /ock4 ,,p>ade1 ,,re/4--,left h& grasps piece j bel[ /ack+ swivel4 ,"r foot /raight back #f in*es4 ,,trail1 ,,arms4--,piece at angle ( ab\t #cj degrees1 ab\t #c in*es (f ! gr\nd4 ,,rifle ,,salute4--,left =e>m horizontal4 ,,fix ,,bayonet4--,p>ade ,re/ & resume ord] aft] bayonet is fix$4 ,,unfix ,,bayonet4--,p>ade ,re/ & resume ord] aft] bayonet is unfix$4 ,,inspection ,,arms4--,be sure m5 glance d[n 9 *amb] & keep hold ( bolt h&le4 ,p>ade1 ,re/ c be execut$ only f ord] arms1 & ! comm& ,att5tion foll[s ,p>ade1 ,re/4 ,any movem5t n 9 ! manual1 e4g41 ,"r1 ,face1 breaks ! execution ( movem5ts by ! numb]s4 ,! numb] ( c\nts 9 ! execution ( ea* comm& mu/ be rememb]$4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 raise & c>ry & ?r[4 ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,,object4--,to give basic elem5t1 ! squad1 its fir/ lesson 9 team "w4 ,team "w w9s battles j z x does football games4 ,avoid keep+ m5 too long at ! same movem5t4 ,,composition ,,( ,,squad4--#g m5 & a corporal4 ,nev] less ?an #f nor m ?an #aa m54 ,,fall ,,94--,in/ructor #c paces 9 front ( :]e c5t] is to be4 ,,fall ,,out4--,if "u arms1 always prec$$ by ,inspection ,arms4 ,does n mean dismiss$4 ,,c\nt ,,(f4--,"r file front & re> d n execute eyes "r4 ,front & re> rank m5 c\nt (f toge!r4 ,,inspection ,,arms4-- ,,"r ,,dress1 ,,front3 7#a7 ,company ,comm&] mu/ e/abli% base file or files be=e giv+ ! comm& ,"r ,dress4 7#b7 ,"r flank m5 rema9 fac+ to front4 7#c7 ,be sure fir/ f\r m5 are on desir$ l9e & re/ ( company c easily be made to con=m4 7#d7 ,"r guide may be e/abli%$ at any po9t desir$ & at comm& ,"r ,dress all m>* to _! prop] positions )\t o!r comm&1 & at ! trail4 7#e7 ,h m5 beyond base files /ep =w>d until "o pace beyond :]e new l9e is to be & !n dress back on l9e e/abli%$4 ,,guide ,,"r4--,keep head & eyes (f ! gr\nd4 ,close 9 or op5 out gradually4 ,,take ,,int]val1 ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,m>*1 ,,squad1 ,,halt4--7,at comm& ,to ! ,"r7 ,re> rank falls back #fj in*es4 ,at ,m>*1 all face to "r & lead+ man ( ea* rank /eps (f1 foll[$ by ! o!rs at f\r-pace int]vals1 re>-rank m5 m>*+ abrea/ ( _! file lead]s4 ,:5 halt$ all face to ! front4 ,to ,,re=m1 ,,assemble ,,to ,,! ,,"r 7,,left71 ,,m>*4 ,,take ,,di/ance1 ,,m>*4--#a-b-c-d front rank1 #a-b-c-d re> rank1 #d-pace int]vals4 ,guide 9 ea* f\r is "r4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4--,no4 #a1 ,front rank /&s fa/4 ,,/ack ,,arms4--,piece ( ev5 numb] front rank3 butt betwe5 8 feet1 b>rel to front4 ,ev5 numb] re> rank passes piece to file lead]4 ,,take ,,arms4--,loose pieces are return$ by ev5 numb]s front rank4 ,if ,no4 #b ( re> rank is abs5t1 ,no4 #a re> rank takes 8 place 9 mak+ or break+ /acks & resumes 8 po/4 ,pieces are nev] /ack$ ) bayonet fix$4 ,,oblique1 ,,m>*4--,taught f ,"r half face4 ,half fac$ to front aft] obliqu+1 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 ,if at half /ep or m>k "t :ile obliqu+1 ,oblique1 ,m>*4 ,,9 ,,place1 ,,halt4--,all halt & /& fa/ )\t *ang+ position ( pieces4 ,,resume ,,m>*4--,only giv5 aft] ,9 place1 ,halt4 ,,"r ,,turn4--,turn on mov+ pivot is us$ by subdivisions ( a column 9 execut+ *ange ( direction4 ,ea* rank successively & on same gr\nd executes movem5t4 ,all except pivot man execute two "r obliques4 ,no m>k+ "t4 ,arriv+ on new l9e1 all take ! half /ep1 glance t[>d m>*+ flank & take full /ep )\t comm& z la/ man arrives on ! l9e4 ,,"r ,,half ,,turn4--,execut$ 9 simil> mann]4 ,,squads ,,"r4--,turn on fix$ pivot is us$ 9 all =mations f l9e into column & ! rev]se4 ,no half /ep4 ,"r flank man faces to "r 9 m>*+ & m>ks "t4 ,re/ ( front rank oblique once to new position4 ,/ep (f on #e? /ep4 ,,squad ,,"r ,,ab\t4--,front rank twice executes squads "r4 ,9 re> rank1 ,no4 #c ) ,no4 #d abrea/ ( him on 8 left & foll[$ 9 column by ! second & fir/ moves /raight =w>d until on prolongation ( new l9e he is to occupy2 faces to "r 9 m>*+ & proce$s to place4 ,!n all face to ! "r 9 m>*+1 m>k "t & glance t[>d m>*+ flank4 ,z la/ man arrives on new l9e all /ep (f )\t comm& on #i? /ep4 ,deploy+ z skirmi%]s & foll[+ ! corporal are cov]$ "u ,company ,ext5d$ ,ord]4 ,s*ool ( ! ,company4 ,! company is ! basic fight+ & adm9i/rative unit1 & mu/ be easily h&l$ & capable ( promptly c>ry+ out ! w ( its comm&]4 ,team "w among ! squads1 s t ! company c be easily manag$ z a :ole1 is ! purpose ( company drill4 ,close ord] drill is = discipl9e4 ,num]ical designations ( squads or platoons d n *ange4 ,c5t] squad is middle or "r middle squad ( ! company4 #h 7#f-aa7 m5 #a squad4 #g 7#b-g7 squads #a platoon4 #d platoons #a company 7#bej m51 #f (fic]s74 #d 7#b-f7 companies #a battalion 7#a1jbf (fic]s & m574 #c battalions #a regim5t 7#c1gee1 includ+ m$ical deta*m5t74 #b regim5ts #a brigade 7#h1baj (fic]s & m574 #b brigades #a division 7#bg1aeb (fic]s & m574 ,fir/ ,s]geant :5 n comm&+ a platoon is opposite ! #crd file f out] flank ( fir/ platoon1 9 l9e ( file clos]s4 ,,fall ,,94--,fir/ ,s]geant #f paces front ( c5t]1 fac+ company4 ,"r guide takes po/ at su* po9t t ! c5t] w be #f paces f & opposite ! ,fir/ ,s]geant4 ,squad lead]s salute & report all pres5t2 or ,private7s7 ---- abs5t4 ,fir/ ,s]geant does n return salute ( squad lead]s4 ,capta9 takes po/ #ab paces 9 front ( c5t] ( company 9 "t to receive report ( ,fir/ ,s]geant1 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =1 or names ( unau?oriz$ abs5tees4 ,e4,g4 ,a man 9 hospital might be report$ abs5t by squad lead] if he did n "k :]e he 01 b ,fir/ ,s]geant w\ld "k1 & w\ld n report him abs5t4 ,capta9 returns salute ( ,fir/ ,s]geant :o !n takes 8 po/ )\t comm&4 ,,platoon ,,movem5ts ,,9 ,,platoon ,,column4 ,lead+ ,platoon1 ,c4,o4 ,on ,"r into ,l9e 444 ,"r ,turn4 ,column ,"r 444 ,"r ,turn4 ,"r ,front into ,l9e 444 ,cont9ue4 7,caution7 ,if halt$1 ,=w>d4 ,re> ,platoon1 ,c4,o4 ,on ,"r into ,l9e 444 ,cont9ue4 7caution7 ,if halt$1 ,=w>d4 ,column ,"r 444 ,cont9ue4 7caution7 ,if halt$1 ,=w>d4 ,"r ,front into ,l9e 444 ,"r ,oblique ,,que/ions ,,:i* ,,come ,,up ,,9 ,,daily ,,milit>y ,,life4 ,x is well to h a solution on h&4 7#a7 ,! company is 9 l9e rev]s$1--#af? squad :]e #a/ squad %\ld be4 ,br+ ! company into prop] l9e1 #a-b-c-d2 #e-f-g-h2 #i-aj-aa-ab2 #ac-ad-ae-af4 7#b7 ,y are platoon lead]4 ,y\r platoon is drill+ sep>ately & y get assembl$ 9 company l9e4 #af-ae-ad-ac2 #ab-aa-aj-i2 #d-c-b-a2 #e-f-g-h4 ,:at comm&s d y give to get ! platoon into l9e prop]ly arrang$8 7#c7 ,y are 9 *>ge ( ! company & f9d y\rself m>*+ into ! company /reet 9 rev]se ord]4 ,:at comm&s d y give to correct ?is8 7#d7 ,y are m>*+ y\r company to ! re> along a road ?r\gh a n>r[ cut4 ,sudd5ly ar\nd a b5d comes an ambulance4 ,to let x pass1 y mu/ imm$iately r$uce y\r m>*+ front4 ,:at is ! quicke/ me?od8 7,?is c be us$ also 9 arrang+ ! advance p>ty ( ! outgu>d47 7#e7 ,y are m>*+ y\r company 9 company front1 & wi% to m>* 9 column ( platoons4 ,:at d y comm&8 ,,answ]s4 7#a7 ,"r 7left7 by squads4 ,column left 7"r74 ,squads "r 7left7 ,company1 ,halt4 7#b7 ,=w>d2 #b ,m>*4 ,on left into l9e2 #b ,platoon2 #c ,halt4 7#c7 ,on "r 7left7 into l9e4 7#d7 #a ,squads "r2 #b ,m>*4 #b ,by ! left flank2 #b ,m>*4 7#e7 #a ,"r by squads2 #b ,m>*4 #b ,platoons left front into l9e2 ,d\ble "t2 #b ,m>*4 ,on ! ,o4,d4 ,%irt ,coll> ,insignia is worn z foll[s3 ,on ! "r side1 9 ! middle ( ! coll>1 ! lett]s 7,u4,s471 7,u4,s4,r471 7,u4,s4,n4,a471 & ! insignia ( rank2 ! lett]s "o in* f ! end ( ! coll> & ! insignia ( rank "o-half in* f lett]s4 ,on ! left side 9 ! middle ( ! coll>1 & "o in* f ! end1 ! insignia ( ! arm ( ! s]vice4 ,= ,second ,lieut5ants4 ,on ! "r side1 9 ! middle ( ! coll>1 & "o in* f ! end1 ! lett]s 7,u4,s471 7,u4,s4,r471 7,u4,s4,n4,a474 ,on ! left side1 9 ! middle ( ! coll> & "o in* f ! end1 ! insignia ( ! arm ( s]vice4 ,:5 ! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann] is play$1 an (fic] 9 uni=m if uncov]$ /&s at ,att5tion4 ,if cov]$ he salutes4 ,an (fic] ,pres5ts 8 complim5ts only to 8 juniors4 #a4 ,,company ,,"r1 ,,m>*2 ,,company1 ,halt2 ,=w>d ,m>*4 ,be+ 9 l9e to turn4 ,"r-flank man is pivot4 ,"r guide /eps back at comm& ,m>*1 & m>ks "t4 #b4 ,,platoons ,,"r1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt2 ,=w>d ,m>*4 ,l9e to ,column ,platoons1 rev]se4 ,guides mu/ be cov]+4 #c4 ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt4 ,l9e to ,column ,squads1 rev]se4 ,l9e ( ,platoon to ,column ,platoons1 rev]se4 #d4 ,,"r ,,turn1 ,,m>*2 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 ,l9e to *ange direction4 ,"r guide is pivot4 ,m5 d n glance t[>d flank4 ,re> rank beg9s oblique on same gr\nd z front rank4 ,all take full /ep at comm&1 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 #e4 ,,column ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,fir/ ,platoon ,lead]1 ,"r ,turn4 ,o!r ,platoon ,lead]s 7if halt$71 ,=w>d2 7if m>*+71 cautions1 cont9ue ! m>*4 ,all ,platoons execute "r turn on same gr\nd4 ,column ( ,platoons to *ange direction4 #f4 ,,column ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,column ,squads to *ange direction4 #g4 ,,platoons1 ,,column ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,column ,squads to ,l9e ( ,platoons4 #h4 ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,column ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,"r by ,squads1 ,m>*4 ,l9e to ,column ,squads & *ange direction4 ,"r guide po/s himself & takes #d %ort /eps4 ,"r ,squad con=ms4 #i4 ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,platoons1 ,,column ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,platoons "r by ,squads1 ,m>*4 ,l9e to l9e ( ,platoons4 ,guide same z 9 #h4 #aj4 ,,squads ,,"r ,,ab\t1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt4 ,to face or m>* to ! re>4 ,ab\t ,face2 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 ,to ! re> a few paces4 #aa4 ,,on ,,"r ,,into ,,l9e1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt1 ,front4 ,column ,platoons or ,squads to l9e to side4 ,if execut$ 9 d\ble "t1 lead+ squad m>*es d\ble "t until halt$4 #ab4 ,,"r ,,front ,,into ,,l9e1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt1 ,front4 ,column ,platoons or ,squads to l9e 7front74 ,9 d\ble "t1 halt+ & align+ are omitt$4 ,guide is t[>d side ( fir/ unit 9 l9e4 ,if halt$1 lead] ( lead+ unit comm&s1 ,=w>d4 #ac4 ,,platoons1 ,,"r ,,front ,,into ,,l9e1 ,,m>*2 ,company1 ,halt1 ,front4 ,column ,squads to ,column ,platoons4 ,l9e ( ,platoons to ,company l9e4 #ad4 ,,r\te ,,/ep1 ,,m>*4 ,muzzles kept elevat$4 ,ranks cov]1 pres]ve di/ances4 7,if halt$1 at re/47 ,at ease1 ,m>*4 ,sil5ce pres]v$4 7,halt$1 at ease47 #ae4 ,,"r ,,by ,,twos1 ,,m>*4 ,all b #b "r files ( lead+ ,squad execute 9 place1 ,halt4 ,,"r ,,by ,,files1 ,,m>*4 ,to dim9i% ! front 9 ,column ,squads4 #af4 ,,squads ,,"r ,,front ,,into ,,l9e1 ,,m>*4 ,twos "r front into l9e1 m>*4 ,twos or files1 to ,column ,squads4 ,lead+ file or files halt4 ,n4,b4--,if "r by twos1 !n left into l9e or rev]se4 ,,dismiss ,,! ,,company4--,fir/ ,s]geant places himself #c paces to front4 #b paces f ne>e/ flank1 salutes1 faces t[>d opposite flank1 comm&s1 ,inspection ,arms1 ,port ,arms1 ,dismiss$4 ,,to ,,fall ,,9 ,,company ,,:5 ,,x ,,_c ,,be ,,=m$ ,,by ,,squads4--,inspection ,arms4 ,"r ,%\ld] ,arms4 ,roll ,call4 ,ea* man z "n is call$1 executes ,ord] ,arms4 ,,= ,,mu/]1 ,,comm&s ,,are3 ,op5 ,ranks1 ,,m>*1 ,,front4 7,at comm& ,op5 ,ranks1 ,re> ,rank drops back #d /eps1 #e c\nts47 7,z mu/]+ (fic] approa*es7 ,"r ,%\ld] ,arm's4 ,att5tion to ,mu/]4 ,ea* man1 z "n is call$1 answ]s ,"h & comes to ,ord] ,arms4 ,company ,comm&] is on "r flank1 9 same place z ,prep>e = ,inspection4 ,,9 ,,align+ ,,company4--,capta9 places himself #b paces f & fac+ ! flank t[>d :i* dress is made1 v]ifies alignm5t & comm&s ,front4 7,platoon lead]s same position = ,platoon alignm5t47 ,,to ,,m>* ,,squad ,,)\t ,,unnecess>y ,,comm&s4--,! ,corporal comm&s1 ,foll[ ,me4 ,m5 always at ease4 ,squad con=m to pace ( ,corporal1 & c>ry pieces z he does4 ,9 l9e or skirmi% l9e1 ,no4 #b front rank foll[s 9 trace ( ,corporal at #c paces4 ,o!rs guide on ,no4 #b4 ,,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,m>*4--,at run4 ,re> rank m5 on "r ( file lead]s4 ,all con=m to ,corporals gait4 ,9 squad alone1 skirmi% l9e is =m$ on ,no4 #b1 front rank1 ,corporal ahead :5 advanc+1 9 re> :5 halt$4 ,regul> int]val 9 skirmi% l9e #a_/b pace #a y>d p] man4 ,squad deploy$ #aj paces4 ,any numb] ( paces may be specifi$1 e4g4 ,z ,skirmi%]s1 at #aj paces1 ,m>*4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4--,m5 =m on corporal4 ,if he cont9ues to advance1 move 9 d\ble "t1 =m & foll[4 ,d n assemble :ile m>*+ to re>4 ,,kneel4--,left =e>m & left l[] leg =m /raight l9e4 ,,lie ,,d[n4--,on bo? knees1 !n bo? elb[s4 ,,rise4--,/& on po9t m>k$ by bo? knees4 7,:5 deploy$1 may sit in/ead ( kneel47 ,,load+s ,,& ,,fir+s4--,load+s are execut$ only 9 l9e & skirmi% l9e4 ,fir+s are always execut$ at a halt4 ,:5 kneel+ & ly+ d[n 9 d\ble rank1 re> rank does n load1 aim or fire4 ,9 bo? cease fir+ & susp5d fir+ pieces are load$ & lock$4 7,sec4 #aej1 i4d4r41 ,april1 #aiag1 is incorrect47 #a4 ,,aim+4--,t>get c>efully po9t$ out4 #b4 ,,sight-,,sett+ ,,ann\nc$4 7,battle sight if none ann\nc$47 #c4 7,if by volley71 ,ready1 ,aim1 ,squad ,,fire4 ,to cont9ue volley fir+1 ,aim1 ,squad ,,fire4 ,volley fire is us$ aga9/ l>ge1 compact enemy or 9 fire ( position4 ,,fire ,,at ,,w4--,normally employ$ 9 attack & def5se2 #c %ots p] m9ute at effective ranges 7#fjj to #a1bjj y>ds72 #e to #f %ots p] m9ute at close ranges 7up to #fjj y>ds74 ,,clip ,,fire3 ,us$ 7#a7 ,to /eady m54 7#b7 ,to produce a %ort bur/ ( fire4 ,,unload4--,safety lock up4 ,,ext5d$ ,,ord]4 ,a squad act+ alone1 z "o out on a patrol or = in/ruction1 ! corporal acts z ! lead] ( a small platoon lead+ ! advance1 & 9 re> :5 halt$4 ,m5 come to trail z !y come on ! skirmi% l9e4 ,on halt+1 a deploy$ l9e faces front 7direction ( real or assum$ enemy71 & takes cov]4 ,,corporal ,,cautions4--,by ! ,"r ,flank 7if halt$74 ,corporal /eps out look+ back to get 8 #aj-pace int]val4 ,squad ,halt4 ,,left ,,face4--,base squad deploys z soon z x has room4 ,guide ( a deploy$ squad is c5t] )\t comm&4 ,capta9 indicates po9t on :i* corporal ( base squad is to m>*4 ,,company ,,"r is execut$ z expla9$ = front rank ( ,company1 b at #a_/b pace int]vals4 ,,deploym5ts4 ,f ,l9e1 to ,=m ,skirmi% ,l9e to ,front4 ,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,guide ,,"r1 ,,m>*4--#a4 ,if m>*+1 corporal comm&s1 ,foll[ ,me4 ,corporal ( base squad moves /raight to front1 deploys z soon z possible & advances until ,company1 ,halt1 is giv54 ,o!r squads move to left front & place squads on ! l9e4 ,if guide is c5t]1 o!r corporals on "r ( c5t] squad move to ! "r1 & squads on ! left to ! left1 & br+ _! squads on ! l9e4 ,if guide is left1 o!r corporals move to "r front4 #b4 ,if at halt1 base squad deploys abrea/ ( its corporal1 #c paces 9 front ( ! =m] l9e1 z soon z x has room4 ,o!r squads are conduct$ by ! left flank1 to _! places4 ,,to ,,deploy ,,f ,,column ,,( ,,squads1 ,,=m+ ,,skirmi% ,,l9e ,,to ,,! ,,front4--,if at a halt1 base squad deploys abrea/ ( its corporal #c paces 9 front ( its =m] position4 ,if m>*+1 base squad deploys & moves /raight to ! front4 ,if guide is "r1 o!r corporals move to left front & place squads on l9e4 ,if guide is c5t]1 corporals 9 front move to "r 7if at a halt1 to "r re>71 ! corporals 9 re> ( c5t] squad move to left & come on l9e 9 succession4 ,column ( twos or files are deploy$ by same comm&s 9 same mann]4 ,if deploym5t 9 an oblique direction is desir$1 ! capta9 po9ts out desir$ direction4 ,column ( squads may be turn$ to ! flank or re> & !n deploy$4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4--,9 skirmi% l9e1 m5 assemble at a run1 to _! places individually4 ,squads d n assemble & m>* to places z units z d platoons4 ,,platoons1 ,,assemble4--,m5 assemble individually on ! run1 9 _! platoons & are !n m>*$ to relative position on base platoon z indicat$ by position or comm& ( capta94 ,,platoon ,,columns4--,platoon lead]s %\ld be sure to g ?r\gh c5t] ( platoon4 ,platoon guides 9 re>4 ,columns %\ld be #bj y>ds ap>t1 or m4 7,us$ to take advantage ( few favorable r\tes :]e cov] is poor or gr\nd difficult47 ,,squad ,,columns4--,m5 oblique & foll[ squad lead]4 ,no advantage 9 cov]1 b us$ to advance m quickly ov] r\gh or bru% gr[n gr\nd4 7,x might be desirable to tea* m5 to take squad columns f column ( squads47 ,9 assembl+ f ,platoon or ,squad columns1 ! m5 re=m by platoons or squads & are conduct$ by _! lead]s to po9t indicat$ by capta94 ,?9 l9es are us$ to cross wide /ret*es "u artill]y fire or heavy1 long range rifle fire :i* _c be pr(itably return$4 ,no4 #a's ,,=w>d1 ,,m>*4 ,fir/ l9e is l$ by platoon lead]1 "r platoon4 ,second l9e is l$ by platoon guide1 "r platoon4 ,?ird l9e is l$ by platoon lead]1 next platoon1 etc4 ,quick "t1 unless conditions o!rwise dem&4 ,,capta9 ,,po9ts ,,out ,,new ,,l9e4--,orig9al int]vals pres]v$4 ,,disadvantage4--,s]i\s loss ( control ov] company4 ,,advantage4--,(f]s less def9ite t>get & is less likely to draw fire4 ,,be+ ,,9 ,,skirmi% ,,l9e4 ,,by ,,platoon 7#b ,,platoons1 ,,squads1 #d ,,m51 ,,etc471 ,,f ,,! ,,"r1 ,,ru%4--,lead] ( ru% usually platoon lead]4 7#a7 ,selects new l9e4 7#b7 ,cease fir+4 7#c7 ,prep>e to ru%4 7#d7 ,foll[ me4 7#e7 ,comm5ce fir+4 ,:5 :ole company ru%es1 x is l$ by ,capta94 ,platoon lead] lead _! platoons4 ,,comm&s4 ,comm&s %\ld be s giv5 z to be di/9ctly he>d by all ! m5 :o h to execute !m4 ,x is unfair to expect good execution ( a slov5ly comm& or "o t _c be he>d4 ,a suffici5t int]val %\ld be all[$ betwe5 ! prep>atory comm& & ! comm& ( execution1 proportion$ to ! size ( ! comm&1 s t ea* man has "t to grasp ! movem5t be=e execution is requir$4 ,s*ool ( ! ,battalion4 ,,basis4--#d companies to a battalion4 ,,arrangem5t4--,"r to left by rank ( ,capta9s4 ,aft] =mation ord] is n kept ) ref]5ce to rank ( ,capta9s4 ,,numb]4--,f "r to left 9 :atev] direction4 ,,c5t]4--,actual c5t] or "r c5t] company4 ,,b&4--,places itself z if x 7 an adjo9+ battalion on "r4 ,,dress+4--,ea* company is dress$ by its ,capta9 :o places himself on ! flank t[>d :i* ! dress is to be made4 ,9 battalion l9e beside ! guide 7or beside flank file ( ! front rank if guide is n 9 l9e7 fac+ front4 ,9 column ( companies--#b paces f ! guide & fac+ d[n ! l9e4 ,to ,=m ! ,battalion4 ,,o!r ,,?an ,,c]emonies4--,column ( squads4 ,adjutant does n take 8 po/ until companies are =m$4 ,ea* ,capta9 halts company & salutes ,adjutant4 ,adjutant returns salutes & :5 la/ ,capta9 has salut$1 faces ,major & reports ,sir1 ! ,battalion is =m$4 ,he jo9s ,major )\t comm&4 ,,= ,,c]emonies4--,or :5 direct$1 ,battalion is =m$ 9 l9e4 ,adjutant places himself #f paces to "r ( "r company & fac+ 9 direction l9e is to ext5d4 ,guides prec$e companies on l9e by #bj paces4 ,adjutant causes guides to cov]4 ,companies are halt$ "o pace 9 re> ( l9e & dress$ to "r aga9/ arm ( guide4 ,:5 guides ( left company h be5 po/$1 ,adjutant by %orte/ r\te moves to po/ fac+ ,battalion midway betwe5 po/ ( ,major & c5t] ( ,battalion4 ,adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,guides1 #b4 ,po/s1 #c4 ,pres5t1 #d4 ,arms4 ,he !n faces ab\t & reports1 ,sir1 ! ,battalion is =m$4 ,major comm&s1 ,take y\r po/1 sir4 ,,to ,,dismiss ,,! ,,battalion4--,dismiss y\r companies4 ,,to ,,rectify ,,! ,,alignm5t4--,see ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 p>agraphs #bgc-bgd4 ,,to ,,rectify ,,! ,,column4--,see ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 p>agraph #bge4 ,,helpful ,,h9ts ,,to ,,beg9n]s4--,^! hold good ) few exceptions4 ,:5 9 column ( squads2 fir/ comm& ( ,capta9 beg9s ) ^w ,column4 ,:5 9 column ( companies2 fir/ comm& ( ,capta9 beg9s ) ^w ,squads4 ,,9 ,,column ,,( ,,squads4-- ,major3 ,on "r 7left7 into l9e4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,squads "r4 7,capta9 m>*es beside "r guide47 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>* 7,if halt$1 =w>d74 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,re> ,capta9s3 7,^u uncov]+ prec$+ company7 ,squads "r4 ,major3 ,battalion4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,company4 ,major3 ,halt4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,re> ,capta9s3 7,com+ on l9e74 ,company ,halt1 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,major3 ,"r 7left7 front into l9e4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,column "r4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,column half "r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,fir/ ,capta93 7,halts & all[s company to pass him & =m column ( squads to "r47 ,squads left1 ,company ,halt1 ,left ,dress1 ,front4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,:5 company 9 column ( squads arrives "o pace 9 re> ( ! "r flank ( ! company t has =m$ 9 l9e4 ,column half "r1 ,m>*4 ,! ,capta9 !n takes #e paces beyond ! flank ( ! la/ company 9 l9e1 all[s company to pass him1 & z re> guide rea*es him1 comm&s3 ,squads left1 ,m>*1 ,company ,halt1 ,left ,dress1 ,front4 ,major3 ,l9e ( companies at 7sev57 paces1 guide left 7"r74 7,close on fir/ company f column ( squads is no long] us$ 9 ,battalion drill47 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,column half "r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,re> ,capta9s3 7,:5 company rea*es a position #g paces to ! flank ( ! lead+ company47 ,column half "r4 ,major3 ,battalion4 ,all ,capta9s3 ,company4 ,major3 ,halt4 ,major3 ,column ( companies1 fir/ company squads "r 7left74 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,squads "r4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d474 ,z ea* company rea*es ! po9t :]e ! fir/ company =m$ l9e ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,squads "r1 ,m>*4 ,,9 ,,column ,,( ,,companies ,,or ,,close ,,column ,,( ,,companies4-- ,major3 ,on "r 7left7 into l9e4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,"r turn4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,ea* ,capta9 takes #e paces beyond ! left flank ( ! company t has j execut$ ! turn & comm&s3 ,"r turn1 ,m>*4 ,major3 ,battalion4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,company4 ,major3 ,halt4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,re> ,capta9s3 7,z !y come on l9e47 ,company ,halt1 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,major3 ,"r 7left7 front into l9e4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,company4 ,second ,capt3 ,"r by ,squads4 ,?ird & f\r? ,capta9s3 ,squads ,"r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,halt1 ,left ,dress1 ,front4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,column half left1 ,m>*1 ,column half "r ,m>*4 ,tak+ #e paces f ! flank ( ! company la/ on l9e & all[+ ! company to pass by him until ! re> guide rea*es him1 ,capta9 comm&s3 ,squads left1 ,m>*1 ,company ,halt1 ,left ,dress1 ,front4 ,major3 ,close on fir/ company 7,nev] any o!r74 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,company4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,halt4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,z ea* successive company closes to #h paces f ! company imm$iately 9 front1 ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,company ,halt4 ,major3 ,ext5d on f\r? company4 7,nev] any o!r47 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,company4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,halt4 ,!n z ea* company 9 re> ( ! lead+ company gets ! prop] di/ance 7company front plus #e paces7 ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,=w>d ,m>*4 ,close column n ext5d$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,major3 ,column ( squads1 fir/ company squads "r 7left74 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,squads "r4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,z ea* company rea*es ! po9t :]e ! fir/ company =m$ column ( squads1 ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,squads "r1 ,m>*4 ,major3 ,column "r 7left74 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,"r turn4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to ,m>* 7if halt$1 =w>d74 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,:5 ! m>*+ flank ( ! company is "o pace f ! new l9e ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,=w>d ,m>*4 ,re> ,capta9s3 ,o!r companies m>* squ>ely up to ! turn+ po9t & ea* *anges direction at ! ,capta9's comm&3 ,"r turn1 ,m>*1 ,=w>d1 ,m>*4 ,,l9e ,,( ,,companies ,,or ,,close ,,l9e ,,( ,,companies4 ,major3 ,battalion "r 7left74 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,column "r4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,column half "r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,:5 ea* company has mov$ #g paces to ! flank ( ! base company ! comm& is3 ,column half "r1 ,m>*4 ,! companies are !n m>*$ e*elon$ ) an int]val ( #g paces4 ,major3 ,battalion4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,company4 ,major3 ,halt4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,cont9ue to m>*4 ,z ea* company comes into l9e ) ! base company ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,company1 ,halt4 ,major3 ,close on fir/ 7f\r?7 company4 ,ext5d on fir/ 7f\r?7 company4 ,bo? movem5ts execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,fir/ ,capta93 7,if m>*+47 ,halt4 7,if halt$1 cautions ,/& ,fa/47 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,squads "r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,"r ,oblique1 ,m>*4 7,:5 ! company has clos$ suffici5tly73 ,=w>d ,m>*1 ,squads left1 ,m>*4 7,!n z ! company comes on ! l9e ) fir/ company73 ,company1 ,halt4 ,major3 ,column ( ,squads1 fir/ 7f\r?7 company1 =w>d4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,=w>d4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,column half "r 7left74 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,flank ,capta9s3 ,z _! companies come onto ! l9e beh9d ! lead+ company 7at #d4d paces7 ! ,capta9 comm&s3 ,column half "r1 ,m>*4 ,,9 ,,battalion ,,l9e4 ,major3 ,close on fir/ 7f\r?7 company4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,/& fa/ 7,caution74 ,second ,capta93 ,squads "r1 column "r4 ,?ird & f\r? ,capta9s3 ,squads "r1 column half "r4 ,major3 ,m>*4 ,second1 ?ird & f\r? ,capta9s3 ,z ea* company rea*es a po9t #h paces beh9d ! company j prec$+ x into close column1 ! comm& is giv53 ,column half "r1 ,m>*4 7,caution+ ,guide left :5 clos+ on fir/ company--,guide "r :5 clos+ on f\r? company73 ,squads left1 ,m>*1 ,company1 ,halt4 ,major3 ,halt4 ,fir/ ,capta93 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,re> ,capta9s3 7,z !y come on ! l9e73 ,company ,halt1 ,"r ,dress1 ,front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,no4 #b;,a4 ,,co4 ,i--,n4,e4 ,,prop] ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,no4 #b;,b4 ,,lay\t ,,( ,,equipm5t ,,= ,,inspection4 ,,t5t ,,p9s ,,%\ld ,,be ,,laid ,,9 ,,e*elon ,,?ree ,,in*es ,,ap>t4 ,inspections4 7,kit*5 & mess inspections h be5 cov]$ "u ,fe$+ ,m547 ,daily inspection ( ! b>racks %\ld be made & rigid discipl9e en=c$ z to ! floors be+ kept clean1 scrubb$ once a week1 b$d+ & b$ clo!s air$ out ( doors e ,tuesday1 %oes clean$ & kept 9 ord] "u bunks1 lock]s "u bunks1 toilet articles & books all kept 9 ord]4 ,%eets1 com=t]s & blankets %\ld be %ak5 out1 fold$ z = pack & laid on top ( pill[ until aft]noon1 ea* day4 ,9 inspect+ m5 e week see t hair is kept %ort & feet clean & 9 good condition1 toe nails trimm$4 ,insi/ on wool5 socks4 ,equipm5t mu/ be inspect$ c>efully1 ea* week1 to see t x is 9 good condition4 ,,special ,,po9ts ,,( ,,company ,,inspection4 ,aft] ,op5 ,ranks1 ,m>*1 giv5 f usual position 9 front ( ,company1 ! ,capta9 takes 8 po/ #c paces 9 front ( ,"r ,guide1 fac+ to ! left & comm&s3 #a4 ,front4 #b4 ,prep>e = ,inspection4 ,! ,lieut5ants are #c paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( _! respectives ,platoons1 fac+ to front4 ,if equipm5t is also to be inspect$1 comm&s are z foll[s3 #a4 ,close ,ranks4 #b4 ,m>*4 ,/ack ,arms4 ,backw>d1 ,m>*4 ,take ,int]val to ! ,"r1 ,m>*4 ,company1 ,halt4 #a4 ,unsl+ ,equipm5t4 #b4 ,op5 ,packs4 ,close ,packs4 ,sl+ ,equipm5t4 ,battalion ,inspection4 ,at comm&1 ,prep>e = ,inspection1 giv5 by ! ,major1 ea* ,capta9 comm&s1 ,op5 ,ranks4 ,!y d n salute :5 ! ,major & ,inspector approa*4 ,! ,lieut5ants take _! places z 9 ,company ,inspection4 ,ea* ,capta9 comm&s3 ,company ,att5tion4 ,prep>e = ,inspection4 ,lieut5ants face ab\t & /& at ease1 aft] be+ inspect$ or pass$4 ,aft] inspection3 ,close ,ranks1 m>*4 ,re/4 ,regim5tal ,inspection4 ,comm&s mean & pr9ciples are same z = ,battalion4 7,look up ,po/ ( ,colonel1 p>4 #ged1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations47 ,c]emonies4 ,,battalion ,,review4 ,aft] ,battalion is =m$ 9 l9e1 ,major faces front4 ,:5 ,review+ ,(fic] halts1 ,major turns ab\t & comm&s3 ,pres5t ,arms2 turns to front & salutes4 ,major turns ab\t2 comm&s ,ord] ,arms1 & aga9 faces front4 ,:5 ,review+ ,(fic] is )9 #f paces1 ! ,major salutes1 takes po/ on ! "r & accompanies him4 ,on arriv+ at ! "r ( ! l9e aga91 ,major salutes1 halts1 takes 8 po/ 9 front ( ,battalion & comm&s3 ,pass 9 ,review4 ,squads ,"r1 ,m>*4 ,major & ,/aff execute ,eyes ,"r & take po/ on "r ( ,review+ ,(fic] rema9+ until ,battalion has pass$1 :5 he salutes & rejo9s x4 ,d\ble "t is giv5 by ,major :5 ! ,battalion comes to its orig9al />t+ place & ! ,battalion passes 9 review z be=e except t ,eyes ,"r is omitt$ & ,major salutes only :5 he leaves ,review+ ,(fic]4 ,major & ,/aff may be dism\nt$ at discretion ( ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 ,,battalion ,,p>ade4 ,:5 b& s\nds (f1 ! ,review+ ,(fic] & 8 ,/aff /&s1 if dism\nt$1 ) arms fold$3 if m\nt$ !y rema9 at att5tion at a conv5i5t di/ance 9 front ( ! c5t] & fac+ ! ,battalion4 ,! ,battalion is n pres5t$ = ,battalion ,p>ade4 ,! ,lieut5ants take po/s 9 front ( c5t] ( _! ,platoons at ,capta9's comm& = dress+ 8 ,company on ! l9e4 ,aft] ,guides ,po/s1 ! ,adjutant comm&s3 7,to ,battalion7 ,p>ade ,re/4 7,to ,b&7 ,s\nd ,(f4 ,battalion1 ,att5tion4 ,pres5t ,arms4 ,at conclusion ( ,national ,an!m ,adjutant reports3 ,sir3 ,! p>ade is =m$4 ,! ,major directs3 ,take y\r po/1 sir4 ,major !n comm&s3 ,ord] ,arms4 ,at conclusion ( ,manual ( ,arms1 ,major directs3 ,receive ! reports1 sir4 ,capta9s report ',c' ,company pres5t or acc\nt$ =1 or ',c' ,company1 #a (fic]1 #g enli/$ m5 are abs5t4 ,publi% ! ord]s1 sir3 ,aft] publi%+ !m1 ,adjutant comm&s3 ,(fic]s1 ,c5t]1 ,m>*4 ,at comm& ,c5t]1 ,(fic]s face c5t]3 at comm& ,m>*1 m>* to c5t] & halt1 fac+ front4 ,comm&s ,=w>d & ,halt are giv5 by ,s5ior ,(fic]4 ,left ,(fic] ( c5t] ,company is guide & m>*es on ! ,major4 ,halt at #f paces f ,major1 salute & come d[n ) ! ,major4 ,at comm& ,(fic]s ,po/s1 ,m>*1 ,(fic]s face ab\t at comm& po/s & are conduct$ by ,s5ior ,(fic] :o halts !m #c paces f l9e4 ,(fic]s1 ,halt4 ,po/s1 ,m>*4 ,face outw>d at comm&1 ,po/s1 /ep (f ) #d pace int]vals4 ,lieut5ants g to _! po/s by %orte/ r\te1 9 re> ( ,company4 ,,regim5tal ,,p>ade4 ,lieut5ants rema9 9 file clos]s4 ,at comm&1 ,(fic]s ,c5t]1 ,capta9s rema9 at _! po/s ) _! ,companies4 ,,regim5tal ,,review4 ,regim5t =m$ 9 l9e or l9e ( masses4 ,colonel comm&s3 ,pass 9 ,review4 ,ea* ,major comm&s3 #a1 ,squads ,"r2 #b1 ,m>*4 ,if 9 l9e ( masses1 ,colonel comm&s3 ,pass 9 ,review4 ,major ( ,"r ,battalion comm&s3 ,column ( ,squads1 ,fir/ ,company ,squads1 ,"r1 ,m>*4 ,,fire ,,direction ,,is ,,! ,,function ,,( ,,! ,,capta9 ,,& ,,high] ,,comm&]s4 ,,above ,,! ,,grade ,,( ,,capta9 ,,& ,,direction ,,is ,,pr9cipally ,,tactical4 ,,) ,a ,,capta9 ,,x ,,implies ,,! ,,ability ,,to ,,issue ,,correct ,,fire ,,ord]s ,,to ,,meet ,,giv5 ,,situations ,,9 ,,ord] ,,t ,,! ,,fire ,,( ,,! ,,company ,,may ,,be ,,z ,,effective ,,z ,,possible4 ,,fire ,,control ,,is ,,! ,,comb9$ ,,product ,,( ,,! ,,fire ,,unit ,,comm&]s ,,& ,,! ,,fir]s4 ,,! ,,fire ,,unit ,,is ,,! ,,platoon4 ,,fire ,,discipl9e ,,means ,,/rict ,,att5tion ,,to ,,! ,,signals ,,& ,,ord]s ,,( ,,! ,,comm&]1 ,,& ,,is ,,! ,,faculty ,,develop$ ,,9 ,,! ,,m5 ,,by ,,in/ruction ,,& ,,tra9+1 ,,( ,,comm5c+1 ,,ceas+1 ,,or ,,dim9i%+ ,,fire1 ,,or ,,( ,,conc5trat+ ,,x ,,^u ,a ,,def9$ ,,object ,,9 ,,ob$i5ce ,,to ,,! ,,delib]ate ,,w ,,( ,,! ,,comm&]4 ,,note4--,x is to be rememb]$ t all grades ( comm&]s are suppos$ to be famili> ) ! duties ( all bel[ !m4 ,9 issu+ ord]s all ,(fic]s1 9 addition to ann\nc+ :]e !y w be f\nd w give ! location ( ! next high] ,comm&]4 ,! au?orities = /atem5ts "u ! ,platoon ,lead] & bel[ are n giv5 aft] ea* /atem5t b ! p>agraphs f :i* !y are d$uc$ are giv5 "u ! head+ = ea* grade4 ,?is c\rse 0 ?\ght necess>y to avoid repetition4 ,i4 ,,! ,,colonel4 ,,position--7#cfi1 #chj1 #ebh--;i4d4r47 #a4 ,advanc+ to ! battlefield3 z 7a7 ,indep5d5t comm&] ord9>ily ) ! advance gu>d 9 ord] t he may3 #a4 ,receive in=mation promptly4 #b4 ,p]sonally see ! situation 7reconnoit]74 #c4 ,ord] ! deploym5t4 #d4 ,beg9 ! action /rictly 9 accordance ) 8 own wi%es4 7b7 ,subord9ate comm&] 7#dbg1 i4d4r474 ,aft] receiv+ 8 ord] = ! action1 prec$es 8 comm& z f> z possible 9 ord] to3 #a4 ,p]sonally reconnoit] ! gr\nd4 #b4 ,be prep>$ to issue 8 ord]s promptly4 ,note--,= a discussion ( ! position ( lead]s see ,subject ,v4 #b4 ,dur+ ! action2 su* z w enable him to3 7a7 ,obs]ve ! progress ( ev5ts4 7b7 ,receive & transmit messages & ord]s4 7c7 ,be 9 con/ant1 direct1 & easy communication ) ! res]ve4 7#cfi1 i4d4r47 ,,duties3 a4 ,aft] hav+ receiv$ 8 ord]s1 ! regim5tal comm&] leads 8 regim5t =w>d 9 a column1 or 9 l9e ( columns1 until ! "t arrives = issu+ ! regim5tal ord]1 he !n3 7#dbf1 i4d4r47 b4 ,assigns t>gets & sectors or tasks to battalions & special units4 7#cab1 #cha & #dbf1 i4d4r47 c4 ,provides = necess>y reconnaissance to front & flank4 7#dbh1 i4d4r47 d4 ,ann\nces 8 position & also t ( ! next high] comm&]4 e4 ,controls ! res]ve z ! tactical situation dem&s4 7#dda1 i4d4r47 f4 ,regulates ammunition supply4 7#caf1 f4s4r4 & #eeb1 i4d4r47 ,see also full discussion ( ! ammunition supply 9 ,subject ,,viii4 ,note--,! colonel is assi/$ 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties by ! regim5tal /aff4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,major4 ,! battalion is ! attack unit :e!r act+ alone or z "p ( a l>g] =ce4 7#cje1 i4d4r47 ,,position3 7,! g5]al rules = a colonel apply7 #a4 ,:]e he c be/3 a4 ,direct ! re9=c+ ( ! fir+ l9e f ! support4 7#cae1 i4d4r47 b4 ,obs]ve ! progress ( ev5ts1 7#cfi1 i4d4r47 c4 ,ma9ta9 contact ) regim5tal headqu>t]s4 7#cfi1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,on ! fir+ l9e :5 all ! supports h jo9$4 7#cae1 i4d4r47 7,see ,subject ,v47 ,,g5]al4 ,,duties3 #a4 ,conducts 8 battalion accord+ to sector & mission assign$ him4 #b4 ,directs fir/ disposition ( battalion by tactical ord]s1 giv+ subord9ates-- a4 ,in=mation ( ! enemy4 b4 ,position ( support+ & neighbor+ troops4 c4 ,! g5]al object to be atta9$4 d4 ,! special problem = ea* company 7#bia1 i4d4r47 7,?is includes mak+ ! prim>y apportionm5t ( ! t>get47 7#cjc1 i4d4r47 e4 ,if practicable1 ! po9t or "t at :i* ! fire fight is to op54 7#cjd1 i4d4r47 f4 ,ord]s = flank protection & reconnaissance1 unless specifically provid$ = by high] au?ority4 7#bic1 #cig & #cih1 i4d4r47 g4 ,8 position & t ( ! next high] comm&]4 #c4 ,controls supports1 dispat*es re9=cem5ts f support to fir+ l9e4 7#bbf & #big1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,controls subsequ5t movem5ts by suitable ord]s or comm&s4 7#bia1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,regulates ammunition supply--7,see ,subject ,,viii1 also ,p>s4 #caf-cag1 f4s4r47 7,! combat tra9 is ! imm$iate res]ve supply ( ! battalion47 a4 ,is responsible = ! prop] use ( ! combat tra94 b4 ,insures ma9t5ance ( ! prescrib$ all[ance at all times4 c4 ,causes combat tra9s to m>* imm$iately 9 re> ( ! battalion unless direct$ o!rwise4 7#edh1 i4d4r47 d4 ,:5 battalion deploy$ on 8 own initiative1 indicates :e!r extra ammunition %all be issu$4 7#bid1 i4d4r47 e4 ,:5 battalion deploy$ pursuant to ord]s f high] au?ority1 causes issue ( extra ammunition unless specifically ord]$ n to d s4 7#bid1 #edh1 i4d4r47 f4 ,:5 combat wagons are empti$1 directs !m to prop] r5dezv\s to be refill$4 7#edh1 i4d4r47 g4 ,sees t combat wagons & belts ( m5 are refill$ z soon z possible aft] an engagem5t4 7#eec1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,ma9ta9s contact ) adjo9+ troops4 7#cii i4d4r47 #g4 ,may h>monize ranges us$ by ! companies on ! fir+ l9e4 #h4 ,det]m9es :5 bayonets %all be fix$4 7#cah1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,subject to ord]s f high] au?ority1 det]m9es ! po9t f :i* ! *>ge to be made4 7#cai1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,ord]s ! *>ge4 7#cah1 i4d4r47 ,,special4 #a4 ,9 attack3 a4 ,may select =mation 9 :i* companies advance4 7#bab1 i4d4r47 b4 ,designates-- #a4 ,! direction ( ! objective4 7#cjc1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,! companies = ! fir+ l9e4 #c4 ,! companies = ! support4 #d4 ,! ord] & front ( ! companies 9 ! fir+ l9e4 #e4 ,! "r or left company ( ! fir+ l9e z ! base company4 #f4 ,may indicate :5 ! advance by ru%es is to />t4 7#caa1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,9 def5se3 a4 ,describes front ( ea* company4 7#bib1 i4d4r47 b4 ,assigns sector ( fire4 7#bdd1 #cjb1 i4d4r47 c4 ,locates fire1 communicat+ & cov] tr5*es4 d4 ,directs prep>ation ( ob/acles4 e4 ,assigns companies to con/ruct tr5*es & ob/acles4 f4 ,details troops to occupy tr5*es4 7#cba1 i4d4r47 g4 ,causes fir+ l9e & supports to fix bayonets :5 a *>ge by ! enemy is imm95t4 7#cbd1 i4d4r47 h4 ,seeks opportunities = c\nt] attacks4 7#cbf1 i4d4r47 ,,iii4 ,,battalion ,,/aff4 ,,positions3 ,battalion ,adjutant ,battalion ,s]geant ,major ) ,major4 ,m\nt$ ord]lies--bo? ) ,major 7"o ) major & "o ) ,adjutant7 until horses are s5t to re> :5 bo? may be ) ! horses or "o take ! horses & ! o!r rema9 ) ! major1 z he may direct4 ,,duties3 ,all assi/ ! major 9 any way direct$1 by a4 ,reconnaissance4 7#efe1 i4d4r41 #be1 f4s4r47 b4 ,obs]vation ( ! fir+ l9e4 c4 ,ma9ta9+ contact ) regim5tal headqu>t]s4 d4 ,ma9ta9+ contact ) ! support4 e4 ,receiv+1 communicat+1 & s5d+ visual signals f & to front & re>4 f4 ,obs]v+ fire effect & progress ( ev5ts4 g4 ,keep+ copies ( all ord]s1 messages1 & o!r data necess>y1 = 8 w> di>y4 7#ce1 f4s4r47 ,:5 !re is only "o range f9d] to ! battalion1 ! ,battalion ,s]geant ,major is ! ,battalion ,range ,tak]4 ,:5 n actually engag$ 9 tak+ ranges1 he assi/s ! ,major z above or1 pref]ably1 he may be *>g$ ) ! duty ( ma9ta9+ communication ) ! companies ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,! major designates a s]geant to take *>ge ( ! battalion combat tra94 ,"u ! ,major's direction1 he a4 ,conducts combat tra9 z f> to ! front ) ! battalion z direct$4 b4 ,issues ammunition to ! battalion4 c4 ,takes combat tra9 to r5dezv\s = refill+1 "u direction ( ! regim5tal comm&]4 d4 ,rejo9s battalion1 if x is n 9 action1 or1 if x be engag$1 jo9s or e/abli%es communication ) ! regim5tal res]ve4 7#edh1 #edi & #eec1 i4d4r47 7,?is s]geant is n provid$ = 9 ! pres5t organization4 ,recomm5dation has be5 made to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t t he be includ$ 9 ! ,tables ( ,organization47 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,capta94 7,! ,fire ,director47 ,,position3 ,:]e he c be/3 #a4 ,control 8 f\r platoons4 7#bdh1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,obs]ve fire effect4 7#bdi1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,see ! major & platoon *iefs4 7#bcd1 i4d4r47 ,,duties3 ,be=e fire action3 #a4 ,conducts 8 company to place ( deploym5t assign$ by ! major's ord]s 7#big1 i4d4r47 9 be/ mann]4 7#bab1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,designates t>get1 & allots "p to ea* platoon4 7#bde & #bdi1 i4d4r47 7,see ,ov]lapp+ ,me?od1 page #ae1 ,subject ,v4 ,fire ,tactics47 #c4 ,det]m9es ! range4 7#bdj & #bdi1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,ann\nces ! sight sett+4 #e4 ,indicates class ( fire & 7#bdi1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,"t to op5 fire4 #g4 ,in=ms ! subord9ates z to ! location ( ! battalion comm&]1 &1 :5 necess>y1 ann\nces 8 own position4 ,dur+ ! ,action3 #a4 ,obs]ves fire effect4 7#bdi1 #dad1 #dae1 i4d4r41 & #baf1 s4a4f4m47 #b4 ,corrects mat]ial errors 9 sight sett+4 7#bdi1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,prev5ts exhau/ion ( ammunition supply4 7#bdi1 #eej1 #eea1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,di/ributes ammunition receiv$ f re>4 7#bdi1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,provides = ! collection & di/ribution ( ! ammunition ( ! dead & w\nd$4 7#eea1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,is on ! al]t = ! ,major's signals or comm&s4 7#bbf & #bcd1 i4d4r47 #g4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( express directions f ! major1 if comm&+ a flank company1 det]m9es :5 advances by ru%es %all be attempt$4 7#caa1 i4d4r47 #h4 ,indicates size ( fractions to ru%4 7#caa1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,leads a ru% by entire company4 7#bbc1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,leads ! *>ge4 7#cai1 i4d4r47 #aa4 ,:5 necess>y1 designates new platoon lead]s & sees t new squads are organiz$ & new squad lead]s designat$ to replace ^? disabl$4 7#ajd1 #cge1 i4d4r47 ,v4 ,,bugl]s4 ,,position3 ,jo9 ! ,capta9 :5 ! company deploys4 7#afd1 i4d4r47 ,,duties3 7#bce1 i4d4r47 #a4 ,"o ,bugl]-- a4 ,obs]ves ! enemy4 b4 ,obs]ves ! t>get4 c4 ,obs]ves = fire effect4 d4 ,wat*es platoon lead]s = signals4 e4 ,transmits signals to platoon lead]s4 #b4 ,! o!r-- a4 ,wat*es ! ,major = signals & repeats !m back4 b4 ,transmits in=mation to ! ,major4 #c4 ,,bo?-- a4 ,repeat bugle signals *>ge4 7#cai1 i4d4r47 b4 ,c>ry field glasses1 message pads1 p5cils & signal flags4 7i4u4a4e4m41 #chg1 i4d4r47 c4 ,act z mess5g]s4 ,,all ,,( ,,! ,,above ,,implies ,,t ,,!y ,,mu/ ,,be ,,pr(ici5t ,,93 a4 ,signal+--,h&1 ,arm & ,lett] ,codes4 b4 ,obs]vation = fire effect4 c4 ,location & def9ition or description ( t>gets4 d4 ,bugle calls4 ,,vi4 ,,range ,,e/imators4 ,five or six (fic]s or m51 select$ f ! mo/ accurate e/imators 9 ! company are designat$ ,range ,f9d]s4 7#bdj1 i4d4r47 ,! t]m ,range ,f9d] is a misnom] z a range f9d] is an in/rum5t4 ,! s*ool uses ! t]m ,range ,e/imator :5 appli$ to an individual4 ,! att5tion ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t has be5 call$ to ?is4 ,! range e/imators are giv5 special tra9+ 9 ! e/imation ( ranges4 ,:5 an action is p5d+1 ! ,capta9 receives f ! ,major ! prim>y apportionm5t ( ! t>get or sector ( fire4 7#cjc1 i4d4r47 ,! ,capta9 returns to ! company1 &1 avoid+ dang]\s gr\p+1 assembles ! platoon lead]s & range e/imators1 & po9ts out to bo? ! t>get ( ! ,battalion & ,company4 ,! ,range ,e/imators imm$iately beg9 _! e/imation ( ! range to ! company t>get2 ! ,capta9 mean:ile cont9ues ) 8 in/ructions to ! ,platoon ,lead]s4 ,! in/ructions to ! ,platoon ,lead]s complet$1 ! ,range ,e/imators ann\nce to ! ,capta9 ei!r _! individual e/imates1 or ! mean ( _! e/imates z d$uc$ by "o ( ! e/imators4 ,! ,range ,e/imators !n take _! cu/om>y po/s 7#bdj1 i4d4r471 & ! ,capta9 indicates to ! ,platoon ,lead]s ! range to be us$4 ,! ,range ,e/imators act 9 an advisory capacity to ! ,capta94 ,! mean ( _! e/imates w usually be ! mo/ accurate d$uction available 9 battle4 ,! adoption by ! ,capta9 ( ! range ?us det]m9$1 h[ev]1 is n obligatory4 ,range ,e/imators %\ld be ready to signal _! e/imates ( ! range to ! platoon lead]s at any "t dur+ ! action4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,platoon ,,lead]4 7,! ,fire ,controll]47 ,,position3 ,:]e he c be/3 #a4 ,control ! squads con/itut+ 8 platoon4 7#beb1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,obs]ve ! t>get & fire effect4 7#beb1 #dad1 #dae1 i4d4r41 & #baf1 s4a4f4m47 #c4 ,obs]ve ! capta9 = signals or comm&s4 7#bcd1 #bea1 i4d4r47 ,,duties3 7#f1 #db1 #ajd1 #bbi1 #bca-bcc1 #bdd1 #bde-beg1 #cai1 #cge1 #eej1 i4d4r47 ,controls ! fire ( 8 platoon & 9 8 fire ord]s4 #a4 ,receives 8 ord]s f ! company comm&]4 #b4 ,if necess>y1 may indicate ! fire position t has be5 ord]$4 #c4 ,ann\nces sight sett+4 #d4 ,po9ts out designat$ t>get to 8 platoon1 if practicable1 o!rwise to 8 corporals only1 or #e4 ,:5 ! t>get _c be se51 indicates an aim+ t>get4 7#bdg & #bea1 i4d4r41 call ?is an aim+ po9t1 b ! occasions ^u :i* infantry w\ld use an aim+ po9t are s r>e t x is believ$ aim+ t>get is a m accurate t]m z x includes bo? po9t & l9e47 #f4 ,assigns t>get s z to insure t ! entire front or sector giv5 him by ! company comm&] w be cov]$ ) fire4 #g4 ,gives class ( fire4 #h4 ,ann\nces rate ( fire4 #i4 ,if comm&+ a flank platoon1 details a man to wat* = signals f ! combat patrols4 #aj4 ,:5 8 ,corporals h signal$ t _! squads are ready to fire1 signals ! ,capta9 by look+ t[>d him & hold+ up 8 h&4 #aa4 ,:5 ,capta9 signals a comm5ce fir+1 repeats same to ! corporals4 ,,!reaft]3 #a4 ,obs]ves = fire effect4 #b4 ,:5 platoon is n fir+1 insures t ! front assign$ is kept "u con/ant obs]vation = any appe>ance ( ! enemy or any *ange ( position4 #c4 ,*anges sight-sett+ ( 8 platoon :5 necess>y4 #d4 ,regulates rate ( fire4 #e4 ,increases rate ( fire :5 l>ge & di/9ct t>gets appe> & decreases x :5 ! t>get becomes small & indi/9ct4 #f4 ,prev5ts decrease 9 rate ( fire :5-- 7#a7 ,*ang+ sight-sett+1 7#b7 ,prep>+ = ru%es1 7#c7 ,fix+ bayonets1 7#d7 ,transmitt+ fir+ data to supports1 7#e7 ,di/ribut+ ammunition4 #g4 ,increases ! rate ( fire to cov] ! advance ( adjac5t units4 ,= ?is purpose progress & movem5ts ( adjo9+ units are kept "u obs]vation4 #h4 ,ma9ta9s direction ( advance ( 8 platoon 9 ru%+1 s z n to blanket fire ( adjac5t units4 #i4 ,is on ! al]t = ,capta9's comm&s or signals1 = ?is purpose he may use 8 platoon guide4 #aj4 ,may use 8 platoon guide to obs]ve adjo9+ units4 #aa4 ,mu/ und]/& all signals4 #ab4 ,leads 8 platoon 9 advanc+ & *>g+4 #ac4 ,prev5ts *ang+ fire to unau?oriz$ t>gets4 #ad4 ,insures di/ribution ( ammunition br\ght up f ! re> & ! collection & di/ribution ( same f ! dead & w\nd$4 7#edj1 i4d4r474 #ae4 ,9 com+ up ) re-en=cem5ts1 he takes ov] ! duties ( disabl$ platoon lead]s ( ! platoon into :i* 8 m5 h dropp$1 or x may be "s o!r section ( ! l9e ne$s 8 s]vice 9 :i* case he goes !re4 #af4 ,endeavors to pres]ve ! integrity ( squads1 designates new squad lead]s to replace ^? disabl$1 organizes new squads :5 necess>y1 sees t e man is plac$ 9 a squad & takes e opportunity = re/or+ ord] 9 ! fir+ l9e4 7#ajd1 #cge1 i4d4r47 #ag4 ,9 ,advance by ?9 l9es1 leads odd numb]$ l9es4 7#bah1 i4d4r474 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,s]geant4 ,comm&s a ,platoon1 ,nev] a ,guide4 ,,guides4 ,,g5]al ,,rules3 #a4 ,guides mu/ be res\rceful1 h good heal?1 vigor\s physique1 ke5 eyesight1 pres5ce ( m9d & c\rage1 ) good judgm5t1 milit>y tra9+ & exp]i5ce4 ,!y mu/ be able to read maps1 make sket*es & s5d cle> & concise messages4 #b4 ,,equipm5t4--,guides are equipp$ ) :i/le1 wat*1 compass1 message book1 knife1 p5cil1 wire cutt]s1 map1 pace scale & glasses if possible4 #c4 ,z in/ructors !y g :]e ne$$4 #d4 ,z file clos]s !y insure /ead9ess & promptness 9 ! ranks4 #e4 ,9 column ( subdivisions ! guide ( ! lead+ subdivision is *>g$ ) ! /ep & direction4 ,,close ,,ord]4--,! guides ( ! "r & left1 or lead+ & re>1 platoons1 are ! "r & left1 or lead+ & re> guides respectively ( ! company :5 x is 9 l9e or 9 column ( squads4 ,o!r guides are 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,9 platoon movem5ts ! po/ ( ! platoon guide is at ! head ( ! platoon1 if ! platoon is 9 column1 & on ! guid+ flank if 9 l9e4 ,:5 a platoon has two guides _! orig9al assignm5t to flanks ( ! platoon does n *ange4 ,! guides ( a column ( squads place !mselves on ! flank opposite ! file clos]s4 ,to *ange ! guides & file clos]s to ! o!r flank1 ! ,capta9 comm&s3 #a4 ,file clos]s on left 7"r7 flank2 #b4 ,m>*4 ,! file clos]s d>t ?r\gh ! column2 ! capta9 & guides *ange4 ,9 column ( squads1 ea* rank pres]ves ! alignm5t t[>d ! side ( ! guide4 ,m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s d n execute ! load+s or fir+s4 ,guides & enli/$ m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s execute ! manual ( arms dur+ ! drill unless specially excus$1 :5 !y rema9 at ! ord]4 ,dur+ c]emonies !y execute all movem5ts4 ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,int]vals ,,& ,,di/ances4--,unless o!rwise direct$1 ! "r & left guides1 at ! fir/ comm&1 place !mselves 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 & ) !m take a di/ance ( #d paces f ! re> rank4 ,9 tak+ int]vals1 at ! comm& ,m>*1 ! file clos]s face to ! flank & ea* /eps (f ) ! file ne>e/ him4 ,9 assembl+ ! guides & file clos]s resume _! places 9 l9e4 ,to ,,=m ,,! ,,company4--,at ! s\nd+ ( ! assembly ! fir/ s]geant takes position #f paces 9 front ( :]e ! c5t] ( ! company is to be1 faces x1 draws sab]1 & comm&s ,fall 94 ,! "r guide ( ! company places himself1 fac+ to ! front1 :]e ! "r ( ! company is to re/1 & at su* po9t t ! c5t] ( ! company w be #f paces f & opposite ! fir/ s]geant2 ! squads =m 9 _! prop] places on ! left ( ! "r guide1 sup]9t5d$ by ! o!r s]geants1 :o !n take _! po/s4 ,= ! in/ruction ( platoon lead]s & guides1 ! company1 :5 small1 may be =m$ 9 s+le rank4 ,9 ?is =mation close ord] movem5ts only are execut$4 ,! s+le rank executes all movem5ts z expla9$ = ! front rank ( ! company4 ,,alignm5ts4--,! alignm5ts are execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 ! guide be+ e/abli%$ in/ead ( ! flank file4 ,! re>-rank man ( ! flank file keeps 8 head & eyes to ! front & cov]s 8 file lead]4 ,at ea* alignm5t ! ,capta9 places himself 9 prolongation ( ! l9e1 #b paces f & fac+ ! flank t[>d :i* ! dress is made1 v]ifies ! alignm5t & comm&s3 ,front4 ,platoon lead]s take a l position :5 requir$ to v]ify ! alignm5ts4 ,9 ,company "r ! "r guide /eps back on ! comm& ,m>*1 align+ ! fir/ two m5 next to him z he does s1 to e/abli% ! correct l9e4 ,9 ,platoon "r ! ,capta9 ann\nces ! guide & ! guides cov] promptly4 ,9 ,"r turn ! "r guide is ! pivot ( ! front rank4 ,9 ,column "r ! "r flank man ( ! lead+ squad is ! pivot1 n ! guide4 ,9 ,"r by squads ! "r guide 7:5 he has po/$ himself 9 front ( ! "r squad7 takes f\r %ort /eps & !n resumes ! full /ep4 ,! "r squad con=ms4 ,squads "r ab\t4 ,if ! company or platoons are 9 column ( squads1 file clos]s turn ab\t t[>d ! column & take po/s4 ,if 9 l9e1 ea* d>ts ?r\gh ! ne>e/ int]val betwe5 squads4 ,! "r & left guides place !mselves 9 ! new front rank4 ,file clos]s on fac+ ab\t1 ma9ta9 _! relative positions4 ,:5 ! company executes ,ab\t face1 guides place !mselves 9 ! new front rank4 ,9 ,"r front into l9e1 d\ble "t halt+ & align+ comm&s are omitt$4 ,guide is t[>d side ( ! fir/ unit4 ,9 ,take int]val or ,take di/ance guides drop back at ! fir/ comm&4 ,9 ,squads "r or ,platoons1 column "r int]ior guides ( platoons cross ! company4 ,a good rule = beg9n]s is always to cross ov] 7except 9 column "r74 ,guide ( a company 9 l9e is "r 7unless o!rwise ann\nc$74 ,guide ( a platoon 9 l9e is "r4 ,guide ( a battalion 9 l9e is c5t]4 ,guide ( a l9e ( subdivisions is c5t]4 ,guide ( a deploy$ l9e is c5t]4 ,guide ( a squad is t[>d ! side ( ! guide ( ! company4 ,guide ( successive =mations into l9e is t[>d ! po9t ( re/4 ,file clos]s rema9 on ! same side ( ! company except :5 9 s do+ !y w\ld be left 9 front ( ! company4 ,if ! battalion is 9 l9e1 ! guide away f ! po9t ( re/ 79 ea* company7 comes to ! ,"r %\ld] arms at ! comm& to dress4 ,at ! comm& ,eyes "r1 guides :o are *>g$ ) ! direction d n execute ,eyes "r1 b simply salute4 ,at ,retreat guides un>m$ /& at ,att5tion4 ,only (fic]s salute4 ,9 ,/ack arms ! "r guide %\ld align ! /acks4 ,9 squads 7act+ alone7 ! corporal is ! guide2 numb] #b ( ! front rank1 if ! corporal is n 9 l9e4 ,! guides ( re> units are *>g$ ) ! /ep1 trace & di/ance4 ,,ex]cise ,,= ,,guides4--,lay out a c\rse ( arbitr>y di/ance2 #bjj y>ds w answ] ! purpose4 ,in/ruct ! guides to m>* ! c\rse z !y w\ld if !y 7 guid+ a company1 b be+ sure to c\nt _! /eps 7a pebble transf]r$ to ! left h& at #ajj /eps is (t5 f\nd useful74 ,,result4--,! numb] ( /eps w range f #bje to #bbe4 ,aft] gett+ ! numb] ( /eps tak5 by ea* man1 %[ !m t !y %\ld h tak5 #bdj /eps & t ea* man took too long a /ep4 ,h !m m>* back guid+ on two po9ts 9 l9e z be=e1 caution+ !m to cut d[n ! l5g? ( ! /ep to #cj in*es f ! />t1 & n to wait until !y get half way d[n ! c\rse & f9d t !y h less ?an #abj /eps4 ,,result4--,all ( ! m51 ev5 aft] ! caution1 w h tak5 too long a /ep4 ,in/ructor times ! guides bo? ways1 & calls att5tion to ! fact t 9 ,,all cases ! cad5ce 0 "u #abj /eps p] m9ute4 ,aft] repeat+ above z mu* z desir$ h ! m5 m>* 9 pairs1 "o man keep+ "t & ! o!r c\nt+ /eps & m>*+ on two po9ts4 ,!y may *eck up e #aj seconds if desir$4 ,,ix4 ,,platoon ,,guides4 ,,position3 #a4 ,beh9d ! fir+ l9e1 on left ( platoon lead]4 7#afc1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,advanc+ 9 l9e--beh9d c5t] ( platoon4 7#bac & #bbc1 i4d4r47 ,to insure prompt & ord]ly advance4 #c4 ,advance by ?9 l9es--lead ev5 numb]$ l9es4 7#bah1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,advanc+ 9 squad or platoon column--9 re>4 ,,duties3 7#ajd1 #bac1 #bbc1 #bbi1 #bee1 #cfg1 #cge1 & #cgf1 i4d4r47 #a4 ,! platoon lead]'s assi/ant & may be assign$ any duty ! platoon lead] sees fit4 #b4 ,keeps adjo9+ units "u obs]vation4 #c4 ,wat*es fir+ l9e4 #d4 ,*ecks e brea* ( fire discipl9e4 #e4 ,prev5ts skulk+1 m5 leav+ ! ranks at any "t to c>e = w\nd$1 etc4 #f4 ,designates new squad lead]s & organizes new squads :5 necess>y4 #g4 ,atta*es m5 t h become sep>at$ f squads to o!r squads4 #h4 ,insures prompt & ord]ly advance4 #i4 ,on jo9+ fir+ l9e f ! support takes ov] duties ( s]geants disabl$4 #aj4 ,may receive & transmit signals to ! ,capta94 #aa4 ,if ! platoon lead] is disabl$1 he takes ov] 8 duties4 ,h5ce he %\ld "k :at ! platoon lead] is do+ & h[4 #ab4 ,:5 tak+ ov] ! duties ( ! platoon lead] he calls ! s5ior corporal ( 8 platoon out to act z guide4 ,x4 ,,corporal4 ,,position3 #a4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e1 z c5t] skirmi%] ( squad 7#abd1 i4d4r47 or #b4 ,:5 skirmi% l9e is halt$1 imm$iately beh9d 8 squad4 ,note4--,! ,s*ool has recomm5d$ to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t t ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations be *ang$ to provide t ! ,corporal's position be z prescrib$ above & 9 p>agraph #bj1 page #aj4 ,,duties3 ,p>agraphs #db1 #bbb1 #beb1 #bed1 #bee1 #daa1 & #eea1 i4d4r41 cov] 9 g5]al ! corporal's duties4 ,! squad lead] 7,corporal7 controls ! fire ( 8 squad1 he mu/ und]/& ! duties ( ! private & 9 issu+ 8 fire ord]s3 #a4 ,receives 8 in/ructions f ! platoon lead]4 #b4 ,po9ts out indicat$ objective to 8 squad4 #c4 ,takes z ! squad t>get t portion ( ! platoon t>get :i* corresponds to ! position ( ! squad 9 ! platoon4 #d4 ,ann\nces sight sett+4 #e4 ,ann\nces class & rate ( fire4 #f4 ,:5 8 squad is ready to fire looks t[>d ! platoon lead] & holds up 8 h&4 ,at ! platoon lead]'s signal to comm5ce fir+ he sees t ! squad op5s fire4 ,,!reaft]3 #a4 ,makes all fire f ! %\ld]4 #b4 ,makes all use ord]$ rate ( fire4 #c4 ,insures t all fire at designat$ objective4 #d4 ,prev5ts slight+ ( invisible portions ( ! t>get = m visible p>ts4 #e4 ,prev5ts m5 f *ang+ fire to unau?oriz$ t>gets n 9 ! assign$ front or sector4 #f4 ,ma9ta9s con/ant obs]vation to ! front2 :5 squad is fir+1 = effect ( fire--:5 squad is n fir+1 = appe>ance ( enemy4 #g4 ,insures prompt ob$i5ce to ord]s to susp5d & cease fir+4 #h4 ,makes m5 utilize gr\nd to fulle/ ext5t = concealm5t 9 fir+ & advanc+4 #i4 ,9 sight-sett+1 *ang+ sights & fix+ bayonets1 has front rank p]=m op]ation fir/ 7re>-rank m5 increas+ rate ( fire7 & !n ! re>-rank foll[ :ile ! front-rank m5 make up = loss ( fire = ! re> rank1 ?us insur+ t ! rate ( fire = ! squad does n fall (f4 #aj4 ,prev5ts increas+ vuln]ability ( squad :ile prep>+ = a ru%1 & ru%es z soon aft] cease fir+ z possible4 #aa4 ,:5 o!r squads ( 8 platoon1 are ru%+1 or ! platoon :i* is cov]+ ! same t>get z is 8 platoon1 is ru%+ he has 8 squad increase its rate ( fire to make up = lo/ fire effect ( ! ru%+ elem5t4 #ab4 ,9 ru%+ causes m5 to spr+ to feet runn+ at full spe$1 all m5 to drop to ! gr\nd at ! same "t1 & ^? :o are 9 re> to crawl up to ! l9e4 #ac4 ,:5 re-en=c+ ! fir+ l9e1 takes ov] ! duties ( disabl$ squad lead]s4 ,= ?is purpose 8 squad may drop into l9e at "o place & he may move to ! next squad on ! "r or left :]e !re is a squad lead] ne$$4 ,if !re are no vacancies caus$ by disabl$ squad lead]s1 he drops into l9e & assi/s ! squad lead]s :o are !re4 #ad4 ,prev5ts decreas+ rate ( fire :5 m5 are transmitt+ data to arriv+ supports4 #ae4 ,prev5ts wa/+ ( ammunition4 #af4 ,prev5ts use ( #cj r\nds 9 "r pocket section ( belts except on ord] ( an (fic]4 #ag4 ,di/ributes ammunition ( dead & w\nd$ & ammunition br\ght up f ! re>4 #ah4 ,prev5ts decreas+ ! rate ( fire :ile ammunition is be+ di/ribut$4 #ai4 ,looks to ! re> only at 8 platoon lead]'s :i/le ,att5tion4 ,pays no att5tion to any o!r except susp5d fir+4 #bj4 ,takes 8 position 9 re> ( 8 squad :5 x is fir+ & rema9s !re1 :]e he c control its fire1 & only crawls into l9e & adds 8 rifle :5 all control is lo/4 7,%ort ranges47 #ba4 ,to control 8 squad he does n walk up & d[n beh9d 8 squad b rolls along beh9d 8 l9e & keeps d[n4 #bb4 ,leads 8 squad 9 mov+ to ! front or re>4 #bc4 ,mu/ "k ?or\ghly ! drill regulation signals & h a good practical k ( ! !ory ( fire4 #bd4 ,9 ru%+1 ma9ta9s ! direction ( advance ( 8 squad s z n to blanket ! fire ( squads 9 8 re>4 #be4 ,takes advantage ( e lull 9 ! action & e favorable opportunity to reorganize 8 squad & get x m "u control4 #bf4 ,*ecks e brea* ( fire discipl9e1 abates excitem5t1 & prev5ts any man f leav+ ! squad to g to ! re> = any purpose :atsoev]4 #bg4 ,if call$ out ( l9e to act z guide1 notifies designat$ private 7#ajc1 i4d4r47 to take comm& ( squad4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,private4 ,,position3 ,deploy$ 9 l9e3 ,"o man p] y>d 7#abe1 i4d4r471 unless a great] ext5sion is direct$ 9 ! ord] = deploym5t4 7#abf1 i4d4r47 ,,duties3 7#f1 #db1 #ajd1 #acc1 #acd1 #ach1 #aci1 #adi1 #aeb-aef1 #bjc1 #bji1 #bcc1 #bdg1 #bea1 #bed1 #bee1 #cai1 #ced1 #cfg1 i4d4r41 & #bji1 s4a4f4m47 ,! individual soldi] mu/ be tra9$3 #a4 ,to recognize t>gets f description quickly4 #b4 ,to describe & def9e t>gets4 #c4 ,to use re> sight 9 describ+ t>gets4 #d4 ,to use horizontal & v]tical clock sy/ems1 s+ly or 9 comb9ation 9 describ+ t>get4 #e4 ,to set sights quickly & accurately z ord]$4 #f4 ,to br+ piece to %\ld]1 aim c>efully & delib]ately f habit1 & to reload quickly4 #g4 ,to fire at ! ord]$ rate4 7,p>4 #ah1 ,/&>d = ,field ,fir+47 #h4 ,to fire at ! "p ( ! designat$ objective :i* corresponds to 8 position 9 ! fir+ l9e4 #i4 ,to cont9ue fir+ 9 ! designat$ sector & n to *ange !refrom unless ord]$4 #aj4 ,n to slight invisible p>ts ( ! t>get = m visible ones4 #aa4 ,to ma9ta9 con/ant obs]vation to ! front4 #ab4 ,to utilize folds ( gr\nd = concealm5t 9 advanc+ & fir+4 #ac4 ,to select fir+ positions4 #ad4 ,to und]/& effects ( visibility & ! selection ( backgr\nds4 #ae4 ,to fire f all positions1 f beh9d hillocks1 trees1 heaps ( e>? & rocks1 depressions1 gullies1 dit*es1 doorways & w9d[s4 #af4 ,to obey promptly ord]s to susp5d & cease fir+4 #ag4 ,to ignore :i/le signals1 except susp5d fir+4 #ah4 ,to wat* closely = ! expect$ t>get aft] hav+ susp5d$ fir+4 #ai4 ,to obey promptly all ord]s f 8 squad lead]4 #bj4 ,to drop into ! ne>e/ int]val :5 re9=c+ ! fir+ l9e & obey ! ord]s ( ! ne>e/ squad lead]4 #ba4 ,to transmit fir+ data to m5 ( ! supports com+ into ! l9e rapidly & accurately1 )\t decreas+ 8 rate ( fire4 #bb4 ,to call = range & t>get :5 re9=c+ ! fir+ l9e4 #bc4 ,to h confid5ce 9 8 own ability to hit4 #bd4 ,to a sy/em ( sight sett+ & fix+ bayonets 9 ord] t !re may be no cessation ( fire 9 ! unit dur+ ?is op]ation4 #be4 ,to prep>e = ru%es )\t decreas+ fire ( ! unit unduly4 #bf4 ,to avoid unnecess>y movem5t 9 prep>+ = ru%es4 #bg4 ,to spr+ =w>d at comm& ,ru% or ,foll[ ,me )\t prelim9>y ris+4 #bh4 ,to avoid bun*+ 9 ru%+4 #bi4 ,n to sw]ve to ! "r or left 9 se>* ( cov] b to advance 9 a /raight l9e1 9 ord] n to blanket ! fire ( m5 9 8 re>4 #cj4 ,to drop quickly at end ( ru% & crawl up to l9e if 9 re> ( x4 #ca4 ,to rema9 ) 8 own company1 b if he accid5tally becomes deta*$ f 8 company or squad to jo9 ! ne>e/ "o4 #cb4 ,to ma9ta9 sil5ce except :5 transmitt+ or receiv+ fir+ data & *>g+4 #cc4 ,to reta9 pres5ce ( m9d4 #cd4 ,to be c>eful n to wa/e ammunition4 #ce4 ,to use ! ?irty r\nds ( ammunition 9 ! "r pocket section ( ! belt only ^u ! ord] ( an (fic]4 #cf4 ,to rema9 ) ! fir+ l9e aft] br++ up ammunition4 #cg4 ,to utilize ammunition ( dead & w\nd$4 #ch4 ,nev] to attempt to c>e = dead or w\nd$ dur+ ! action4 #ci4 ,to h confid5ce 9 8 ability to use ! bayonet4 #dj4 ,to a firm det]m9ation to close ) ! enemy4 #da4 ,to pres]ve ! l9e 9 *>g+4 #db4 ,to und]/& t a *>ge %\ld be sl[ & /eady 7! fa/] m5 mu/ n run away f ! sl[] ones74 #dc4 ,to =m up imm$iately aft] ! *>ge & foll[ ! enemy ) fire1 n attempt+ a disorganiz$ pursuit4 #dd4 ,to und]/& t x is suicidal to turn 8 back to an enemy & t1 if he _c advance1 he mu/ intr5* & hold on until d>k4 #de4 ,to c\nt di/ant gr\ps ( object or be+s4 #df4 ,to recognize s]vice t>gets4 #dg4 ,,nev] ,,to ,,fire ,,until ,,he ,,und]/&s ,,:at ,,! ,,t>get ,,is1 ,,at ,,:at ,,"p ,,he ,,is ,,to ,,fire1 ,,& ,,) ,,:at ,,sight ,,sett+4 ,packs4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,assembl+ ,,! ,,infantry ,,equipm5t1 ,,model ,,( #aiaj4 #a4 ,,! ,,c>tridge ,,belt4--7a7 ,to assemble ! belt4 ,place ! adju/+ /rap on ! gr\nd1 eyelet$ edge to ! front2 place ! pocket sections on ! gr\nd 9 prolongation ( ! adju/+ /rap1 pockets d[n1 tops ( pockets to ! front2 ins]t end ( adju/+ /rap 9 out] loop ( metal guide1 f ! upp] side1 c>ry x "u ! middle b> & up ?r\gh ! inn] loop2 engage ! wire hook on ! end ( adju/+ /rap 9 ! eyelets2 provid$ on ! inn] surface ( ! belt4 7b7 ,to adju/ ! belt4 ,adju/ ! belt to fit loosely ab\t ! wai/--i4e41 s t :5 buckl$ x may re/ well d[n ov] ! hip bones on ! sides ( ! body & bel[ ! pit ( ! abdom5 9 front4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! adju/m5t be made equally f bo? ends ( ! adju/+ /rap1 s t ! c5t] eyelet w be 9 ! middle ( ! belt4 7c7 ,to fill ! belt4 ,unsnap ! flap ( ! pocket & ! int]ior reta9+ /rap2 lay ! reta9+ /rap out flat 9 prolongation ( ! pocket1 ins]t a clip ( c>tridges1 po9ts ( bullets up1 9 front ( ! reta9+ /rap2 press d[n until ! base ( ! clip re/s on ! bottom ( ! pocket2 pass ! reta9+ /rap ov] ! bullet po9ts & fa/5 x to ! outside ( ! pocket by means ( ! fa/5] provid$2 ins]t a second clip ( c>tridges1 po9ts ( bullets d[n1 9 re> ( ! fir/ clip2 press d[n until ! po9ts ( ! bullets re/ on ! bottom ( ! pocket2 close ! flap ( ! pocket & fa/5 by means ( ! fa/5] provid$4 ,! rema9+ n9e pockets are fill$ 9 l mann]4 #b4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,fir/-,,aid ,,p\*4--,atta* ! p\* "u ! second pocket ( ! "r section ( ! belt by ins]t+ "o hook ( ! d\ble-hook atta*m5t 9 ! eyelet1 f ! inside ( ! belt2 p9* ! base ( ! pocket1 br++ eyelets close toge!r1 & ins]t ! o!r hook 9 ! same mann] 9 ! adjo9+ eyelet4 ,place ! fir/-aid packet 9 ! p\* & secure ! cov]4 #c4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,cante5 ,,cov]4--,atta* ! cante5 cov] to ! belt "u ! re> pocket ( ! "r section 9 ! same mann] z ! fir/-aid p\*4 ,place ! cante5 & cup 7assembl$7 9 ! cov] & secure ! flaps4 #d4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,pack ,,c>ri] ,,to ,,! ,,hav]sack4--,spread ! hav]sack on ! gr\nd1 inn] side d[n1 out] flap to ! front 7,fig4 #d72 place ! buttonhol$ edge ( ! pack c>ri] on ! buttonhol$ edge ( ! hav]sack1 lett]$ side ( c>ri] up2 buttonholes ( c>ri] sup]impos$ ^u ! correspond+ ones ( ! hav]sack2 lace ! c>ri] to ! hav]sack by pass+ ! ends ( ! c\pl+ /rap d[n ?r\gh ! correspond+ buttonholes ( ! c>ri] & hav]sack ne>e/ ! c5t] ( ! c>ri]1 br++ ! ends up ?r\gh ! next buttonholes & cont9u+ to ! "r & left1 respectively1 to ! sides4 #e4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,c>tridge ,,belt ,,to ,,! ,,hav]sack4--,place ! hav]sack & pack c>ri] 7assembl$7 on ! gr\nd1 inn] side d[n 7,fig4 #e72 place ! c>tridge belt1 pockets d[n1 tops to ! front1 along ! junction ( ! hav]sack & c>ri]2 ins]t hook on re> ( belt susp5d] 9 ! c5t] eyelet ( ! adju/+ /rap1 s t ! end ( ! hook w be on ! outside ( ! belt2 ins]t hooks on ends ( front belt susp5d]s 9 ! eyelets betwe5 ! second & ?ird pockets f ! out] ends ( ! belt1 s t ! end ( ! hooks w be on ! outside ( ! belt4 #f4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,bayonet ,,scabb>d ,,to ,,! ,,hav]sack4--,atta* ! scabb>d by pass+ its l[] end ?r\gh ! loop provid$ on ! side ( ! hav]sack body1 !n engage ! d\ble-hook atta*m5t 9 ! eyelets on ! out] flap on ! hav]sack1 ins]t+ ! hooks f ! inside4 ,place ! bayonet 9 ! scabb>d4 #g4 ,,to ,,atta* ,,! ,,intr5*+ ,,tool ,,c>ri] ,,to ,,! ,,hav]sack4--,fold ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack ov] s t ! meat-c p\* is upp]mo/2 pass ! intr5*+ tool c>ri] und]nea? ! meat-c p\* & engage ! d\ble-hook atta*m5t 9 ! eyelets 9 ! flap provid$1 ins]t+ ! hooks f ! und]side4 ,place ! intr5*+ tool 9 ! c>ri] & secure4 ,place ! meat-c1 knife1 =k1 & spoon 9 ! meat-c p\*4 ,! equipm5t is n[ assembl$ & is nev] disassembl$ except to deta* ! pack c>ri] & its cont5ts z h]e9aft] provid$ =4 ,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t4 7,) ,rations47 ,place ! assembl$ equipm5t on ! gr\nd1 susp5d] side ( hav]sack d[n1 pockets ( c>tridge belt up1 hav]sack spread out1 inside flap & pack c>ri] ext5d$ _! full l5g? to ! re> 7,fig4 #f74 ,place ?ree c>tons ( h>d bread 9 ! c5t] ( ! hav]sack body1 ! l[] "o on ! l9e ( atta*m5t ( ! inside flap2 lay ! rema9+ c>ton ( h>d bread1 ! condim5t c & ! bacon c on ! top ( ^!1 ! condim5t c & ! bacon c at ! bottom1 top ( ! bacon c to ! front2 ! socks & toilet articles are roll$1 t[el on ! outside1 into a bundle ( ! same approximate dim5sions z a c>ton ( h>d bread1 & are plac$ 9 front ( ! two r[s ?us =m$4 ,! inside flap ( ! hav]sack is fold$ ov] ^! articles1 ! end ( ! flap be+ turn$ 9 s t ! flap1 ?us %ort5$1 ext5ds ab\t #b in*es beyond ! top ( ! upp] r[2 ! sides ( ! hav]sack are fold$ ov] ! sides ( ! r[s2 ! upp] b9d+ /raps are pass$ ?r\gh ! loops on ! outside ( ! inside flap1 ea* /rap ?r\gh ! loop opposite ! po9t ( its atta*m5t to ! hav]sack body1 & fa/5$ by means ( ! buckle on ! opposite side1 ! /rap be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! buckle next to its atta*m5t1 ov] ! c5t] b>1 & back ?r\gh ! op5+ ( ! buckle away f its atta*m5t2 ! /rap is pull$ tight to make ! fa/5+ secure2 ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack is fold$ ov] & fa/5$ by means ( ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap & ! buckle on ! inside ( ! out] flap2 ! /rap is pull$ tight1 draw+ ! out] flap snugly ov] ! fill$ hav]sack4 ,! hav]sack is n[ pack$ & ! c>ri] is ready = ! reception ( ! pack 7,fig4 #g74 ,if "o hav]sack ration & "o em]g5cy ration are c>ri$ 9 lieu ( two hav]sack rations1 ! hav]sack is pack$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 except t two c>tons ( h>d bread & ! bacon c =m ! bottom lay]1 ! bacon c on ! bottom2 ! condim5t c1 ! em]g5cy ration1 & ! toilet articles =m ! top lay]4 ,if "o em]g5cy ration is c>ri$ 9 addition to ! two hav]sack rations1 x is pack$ on top ( ! top lay]4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,pack 7,fig4 #h74--,spread ! %elt] half on ! gr\nd & fold 9 ! triangul> ends1 =m+ an approximate squ>e f ! half1 ! guy on ! inside2 fold ! pon*o once across its %orte/ dim5sion1 !n twice across its longe/ dim5sion1 & lay x 9 ! c5t] ( ! %elt] half2 fold ! blanket z describ$ = ! pon*o & place x on ! latt]2 place ! %elt] t5t p9s 9 ! folds ( ! blanket1 9 ! c5t] & across ! %orte/ dim5sion2 fold ! edges ( ! %elt] half snugly ov] ! blanket & pon*o &1 beg9n+ on ei!r ( ! %ort sides1 roll tightly & compactly4 ,?is =ms ! pack4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,pack 7,fig4 #i74--,place ! pack 9 ! pack c>ri] & grasp ! l[] susp5sion r+s1 "o 9 ea* h&2 place ! "r knee aga9/ ! bottom ( ! roll2 pull ! c>ri] d[n & =ce ! pack up close aga9/ ! bottom ( ! pack$ hav]sack2 )\t remov+ ! knee1 pass ! l[] c>ri] b9d+ /rap ov] ! pack & secure x by means ( ! opposite buckle2 9 a simil> mann] secure ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap & !n ! upp] c>ri] b9d+ /rap4 ,engage ! snap hook on ! pack susp5d]s 9 ! l[] susp5sion r+s4 ,! equipm5t is n[ assembl$ & pack$ z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t4 7,)\t ,rations47 ,place ! assembl$ equipm5t on ! gr\nd z h]et(ore describ$2 fold up ! inside flap ( ! hav]sack s t its end w be on a l9e ) ! top ( ! hav]sack body2 fold up ! l[] hav]sack /rap 9 ! same mann]4 ,,to ,,make ,,up ,,! ,,pack4--,fold ! pon*o1 blanket & %elt] half1 & make up ! pack z h]et(ore prescrib$1 except t ! condim5t & bacon c 7! =m] inside ! latt]7 & ! toilet articles & socks are roll$ 9 ! pack4 ,9 ?is case ! pack is roll$1 beg9n+ on ei!r ( ! long sides in/ead ( ! %ort sides1 z h]et(ore describ$4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,pack4--,place ! pack on ! hav]sack & pack c>ri]1 its upp] end on a l9e ) ! upp] edge ( ! hav]sack body2 b9d x to ! hav]sack & c>ri] by means ( ! hav]sack & pack b9d+ /raps2 fold d[n ! out] flap on ! hav]sack & secure x by means ( ! free end ( ! middle hav]sack b&+ /rap & ! buckle provid$ on ! und]side ( ! flap2 engage ! snap hooks ( ! pack susp5d]s 9 ! l[] susp5sion r+s4 ,! equipm5t is n[ pack$ & assembl$ 7,fig4 #aj74 ,,to ,,adju/ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,to ,,! ,,soldi]4--,put on ! equipm5t1 slipp+ ! arms "o at a "t ?r\gh ! pack susp5d]s z ?r\gh ! sleeves ( a coat2 by means ( ! adju/+ buckles on ! belt susp5d]s1 raise or l[] ! belt until x re/s well d[n ov] ! hip bones on ! sides & bel[ ! pit ( ! abdom5 9 front2 raise or l[] x 9 re> until ! adju/+ /rap lies smoo?ly across ! small ( ! back2 by means ( ! adju/+ buckles on ! pack susp5d]s1 raise or l[] ! load on ! back until ! top ( ! hav]sack is on a level ) ! top ( ! %\ld]s1 ! pack susp5d]s1 f _! po9t ( atta*m5t to ! hav]sack to ! l9e ( tang5cy ) ! %\ld]1 be+ horizontal4 ,! latt] is absolutely ess5tial to ! prop] adju/m5t ( ! load4 ,! position ( ! belt is ! same :e!r fill$ or empty4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t ,,less ,,! ,,pack4 7,) ,rations47 7,fig4 #aa47 ,deta* ! c>ri] f1 ! hav]sack2 place ! re/ ( ! equipm5t on ! gr\nd z h]et(ore describ$2 place ! f\r c>tons ( h>d bread1 ! bacon c1 ! condim5t c1 & ! toilet articles 9 "o r[ 9 ! middle ( ! hav]sack body1 ! toilet articles at ! top1 ! bacon c at ! bottom1 top to ! front1 ! r[ ext5d+ f top to bottom ( ! hav]sack2 fold ! inside flap ov] ! r[ ?us =m$2 fold ! sides ( ! hav]sack up & ov]2 pass ! ?ree hav]sack b9d+ /raps ?r\gh ! loops on ! inside flap & secure by means ( ! buckles on ! opposite side ( ! hav]sack2 pass ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap ?r\gh ! small buttonhole 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack1 fold ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack ov] ! :ole & secure by means ( ! buckle on its und]side & ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap4 ,pass ! hav]sack susp5sion r+s ?r\gh ! contigu\s buttonholes 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack & engage ! snap hooks on ! ends ( ! pack susp5d]s4 ,if "o hav]sack ration & "o em]g5cy ration are c>ri$ 9 lieu ( two hav]sack rations1 ! hav]sack is pack$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 except t "o em]g5cy ration is sub/itut$ = two ( ! c>tons ( h>d bread4 ,if "o em]g5cy ration is c>ri$ 9 addition to ! two hav]sack rations1 x is pack$ on top ( ! lay]4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t ,,less ,,! ,,pack4 7,)\t ,rations47 ,deta* ! c>ri] f ! hav]sack2 place ! re/ ( ! equipm5t on ! gr\nd z h]et(ore describ$2 fold up ! inside flap ( ! hav]sack until its upp] end is on a l9e ) ! top ( ! hav]sack body2 fold ! sides ( ! hav]sack ov]1 pass ! ?ree hav]sack b9d+ /raps ?r\gh ! loops on ! inside flap & secure by means ( ! buckles on ! opposite side ( ! hav]sack2 pass ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap ?r\gh ! small buttonhole 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack2 place ! condim5t & bacon c 7! =m] inside ! latt]7 & ! toilet articles & socks 9 ! bottom ( ! p\* ?us =m$2 fold ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack ov] ! :ole & secure by means ( ! buckle on its und]side & ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap4 ,pass ! hav]sack susp5sion r+s ?r\gh ! contigu\s buttonholes 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack & engage ! snap hooks on ! ends ( ! pack susp5d]s4 ,,to ,,adju/ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,to ,,! ,,soldi]4--,put on ! equipm5t z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,adju/ ! c>tridge belt z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,adju/ ! pack susp5d]s s t ! top ( ! hav]sack is on a level ) ! top ( ! %\ld]s4 ,,to ,,disc>d ,,! ,,pack ,,)\t ,,remov+ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,f ,,! ,,body4 ,unsnap ! pack susp5d]s f ! susp5sion r+s & snap !m into ! eyelets on top ( ! belt & 9 re> ( ! re> pockets ( ! "r & left pocket sections2 support ! bottom ( ! pack ) ! left h& & ) ! "r h& grasp ! c\pl+ /rap at its middle & )draw fir/ "o end1 !n ! o!r2 press d[n g5tly on ! pack ) bo? h&s & remove x4 ,:5 ! pack has be5 remov$1 lace ! c\pl+ /rap into ! buttonholes along ! upp] edge ( ! c>ri]4 ,adju/ ! pack susp5d]s4 ,= illu/ration ( h[ packs are made up & c>ri$1 see ,privates' ,manual1 ,*apt] #b4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,equipm5t4 ,,lea!r4--#a4 ,keep lea!r clean4 ,use mat]ial furni%$ by ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 or ca/ile soap & wat]4 #b4 ,oil lea!r frequ5tly to keep x pliable4 ,use ,neatsfoot oil1 ,viscol or ,h>ness soap4 #c4 ,dry 9 ! %ade2 nev] 9 ! sun or 9 artificial heat4 ,always /ore 9 a cool1 dry place )\t artificial heat4 ,%oe poli%es are almo/ always injuri\s4 ,,wool5 ,,clo!s4--,wa% 9 tepid or cold wat] ) a non-alkal9e soap2 d n wr+ x out2 dry 9 ! %ade4 ,,m5d+4--,always keep equipm5t ready = use4 ,,clo? ,,equipm5t4--,,dry ,,clean+4--,scrub ) a /iff bru% frequ5tly4 ,,wa%+4--,only "u ! direction ( an (fic]4 ,dissolve #a piece ( ,q4,m4 soap 7n yell[71 9 #i cups ( wat]4 ,"o cup w clean ! equipm5t ( "o man4 ,apply ) a bru% & la!r well4 ,rub soap directly on p]si/5t spots4 ,wa% (f 9 cold wat] & dry 9 ! %ade4 ,,in/ructions ,,on ,,mak+ ,,packs4 ,,f\r ,,me?ods3 ,full equipm5t ) rations4 ,full equipm5t )\t rations4 ,full equipm5t less pack1 ) rations4 ,full equipm5t less pack1 )\t rations4 ,hav]sack1 ,weight #i-a_/d ,c>ri] ,c>tridge belt1 cante51 ,weight #aa-a_/b ,susp5d]s ,mess ,rations ,weight #aj-a_/b ,mess p\* ,gun #i ,clo?+ #g ------- #dj ,,adju/+ ,,c>tridge ,,belt4--#a4 ,fits loosely ar\nd wai/4 #b4 ,re/+ on hips4 #c4 ,hole betwe5 buckles4 ,ins]t ammunition3 ,fir/1 clip 9 front1 po9ts up1 fa/5$ ) reta9+ /rap1 ,second clip po9ts d[n4 ,fir/ aid p\* "u #d? pocket1 left4 ,cante5 "u re> pocket1 "r4 ,bayonet betwe5 #crd & #d? pocket1 left4 7,new bayonet scabb>d fa/5s on hav]sack47 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,intr5*+ ,,tools ,,9 ,,! ,,squads4 ,no4 #c re> ( ea* odd-numb]$ squad 444 ,bolo ,no4 #c re> ( ea* ev5-numb]$ squad 444 ,h& ,axe4 ,no4 #a re> ( ea* squad 444 ,pick ,mattock4 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c front ( ea* squad 444 ,%ovels ,no4 #b re> ( ea* squad 444 ,wire ,cutt]4 ,,*apt] #c4 ,physical ,tra9+4 ,only ! c>efully tra9$ & condition$ man c make victory possible4 ,= ?is reason ! fir/ & mo/ important conc]n ( a nation at w> is ! physical tra9+ ( its soldi]s4 ,! sett+-up ex]cises are ! basis = all o!r activities & _! discipl9>y value is almo/ z great z _! physical value4 ,,physical ,,tra9+4--,ea* p]iod %\ld include ex]cises = all p>ts ( ! body4 ,foll[+ ! sett+-up ex]cises ! foll[+ %\ld be giv5 9 ! ord] nam$3 m>*+1 jump+1 d\ble tim+1 gymna/ic conte/s1 & conclud+ or re/orative ex]cises4 ,rifle ex]cises h = _! purpose ! developm5t ( h&9ess ) ! piece4 ,!y %\ld be us$ mod]ately & ) frequ5t re/s1 = !y develop big muscles at ! exp5se ( agility--a muscle b\nd man _c use 8 /r5g?4 ,,bayonet ,,tra9+ 9 addition to its milit>y value calls into play e muscle ( ! body & makes = al]tness1 agility1 quick p]ception1 decision1 aggressiv5ess & confid5ce4 ,"t ,s*$ule4 ,a4,m4 7,beg9s #a_/b h\r ,p4,m4 7,end #a_/b h\r aft] breakfa/73 be=e retreat73 #a4 ,discipl9>y ex]cises1 #a4 ,bayonet tra9+1 #cj #b m9utes4 m9utes4 #b4 ,/>t+ positions1 #a #b4 ,games & conte/s1 m9ute4 #cj m9utes4 #c4 ,sett+ up ex]cises1 ,alt]nat+ daily )3 #bj m9utes4 #a4 ,bomb+ practice1 #bj #d4 ,m>*+ & m>*+ m9utes4 ex]cises1 #e to #h #b4 ,condition+ ex]cises1 m9utes4 #ae m9utes4 #e4 ,jump+1 #e to #h m9utes4 ,d\ble tim+4 #f4 ,d\ble tim+1 #e m9utes ,vault+ & ov]com+ ob/acles4 #c4 ,rifle practice1 #aj m9utes4 ,in/ructions mu/ be3 #a4 ,an inspiration to ! m54 #b4 ,well prep>$ !mselves4 #c4 ,/ripp$ = action4 #d4 ,an example to ! m54 #e4 ,mu/ make drill attractive4 #f4 ,nev] h m5 ov]do4 ,temp] ! ex]cises to ! endurance ( ! weake/ man4 #g4 ,accompany e ex]cise ) ! prop] brea?+4 #h4 ,see t ! m5 are clo!d accord+ to ! season4 #i4 ,h ! drills %ort & snappy4 #aj4 ,h frequ5t re/s at ! beg9n+--less frequ5t z "w progresses4 ,! platoon is ! be/ unit = physical drills4 ,,=mations4--,:5 ex]cis+ 9 small squads1 ! m5 fall 9 9 a s+le rank &1 aft] hav+ c\nt$ (f by f\rs1 ?rees or twos1 z ! in/ructor may direct1 di/ance is tak5 at ! comm&3 ,take di/ance1 ,m>*1 ,squad ,halt4 ,at ,m>* ,no4 #a moves =w>d1 be+ foll[$ by ! o!r numb]s at int]vals ( f\r paces4 ,halt is comm&$ :5 all h tak5 _! di/ances4 ,at ! discretion ( ! in/ructor ! di/ance may be any numb] ( paces1 ! m5 be+ fir/ caution$ to t effect4 ,:5 di/ance is tak5 f ! d\ble rank1 ,no4 #a ( ! re> rank foll[s ,no4 #d ( ! front rank1 & he is 9 turn foll[$ by ! o!r numb]s ( ! re> rank4 ,if ! in/ructor desires ! files to cov]1 he comm&s3 ,9 file ,cov]4 ,nos4 #a /& fa/1 ! o!rs mov+ to ! "r ) ! side /ep1 until ! ,nos4 #a are cov]$4 ,to return to ! orig9al =mation1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,assemble ,m>*4 ,no4 #a ( ! front rank /&s fa/ & ! o!r memb]s move =w>d to _! orig9al places4 ,second ,=mation4 ,to ! "r & left4 ,take int]val1 ,m>*4 ,front ,rank3 ,re> ,rank3 ,no4 #a1 #f /eps "r /ep4 ,no4 #a1 #c /eps "r /ep4 ,no4 #b1 #c /eps "r /ep4 ,no4 #b1 ,/&s fa/4 ,no4 #c1 ,/&s fa/4 ,no4 #c1 #c /eps left /ep4 ,no4 #d1 #c /eps left /ep4 ,no4 #d1 #f /eps left /ep4 ,comm&s4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,comm&s1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,giv54--,!re are two k9ds1 prep>atory & executive4 ,! prep>atory comm& describes & specifies :at is desir$ & ! executive comm& calls :at has be5 describ$ into action4 ,! tone ( ! comm& %\ld always be animat$1 di/9ct1 & ( a l\dness proportion$ to ! numb] ( m5 = :om x is int5d$4 ,in/ructors %\ld cultivate a prop] comm&1 z its value z a tribut>y to ! success ( any milit>y drill _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,aft] an ex]cise has be5 describ$1 its v>i\s movem5ts or p>ts %\ld be p]=m$ at executive words1 :i* indicate n only ! movem5t t is desir$ b ! mann] ( ! execution4 ,?us3 #a4 ,trunk =w>d1 #b4 ,b5d1 #c4 ,recov] 7or ,raise71 "h ! ^w b5d is drawn to indicate mod]ately sl[ execution2 ! recov]y be+ a little fa/]1 ! ^w recov] %\ld be spok5 to indicate x4 ,! ^w ,recov] %\ld always be us$ to br+ ! m5 back to ! orig9al position4 ,if x is desir$ to cont9ue an ex]cise1 ! comm& ,ex]cise %\ld be us$ & ! cad5ce or rhy?m %\ld be indicat$ by words or num]als4 ,if num]als are us$1 !y %\ld equal ! numb] ( movem5ts compos+ ! ex]cise4 ,?us an ex]cise ( two movem5ts w be repeat$ at "o1 two2 "o ( f\r movem5ts w require f\r c\nts1 etc4 ,! num]al or ^w prec$+ ! comm& ,halt %\ld always be giv5 ) a ris+ inflection 9 ord] to prep>e ! m5 = ! comm& ,halt4 ,?us3 #a4 ,?ru/ arms =w>d1 #b4 ,ex]cise "o1 two1 "o1 two1 "o1 ,halt4 ,if any movem5t ( any ex]cise is to be p]=m$ ) m en]gy ?an ! o!rs1 ! ^w or num]al correspond+ to t movem5t %\ld be emphasiz$4 ,,fir/ ,,lesson4--,a4 ,discipl9>y ,ex]cises4 #a4 ,att5tion2 #b4 ,at ,ease2 #c4 ,re/2 #d4 ,fac+s4 ,b4 ,/>t+ ,positions4 7m4p4t41 pp4 #be to #bi47 ,c4 ,sett+-up ,ex]cises 7e ex]cise has two motions7,p3 #a4 ,arms =w>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,sw+ arms d[nw>d & =w>d4 #b4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,rise on toes4 7#cc47 #c4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d head backw>d2 same1 =w>d4 7#ch47 #d4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,turn trunk "r2 same1 left4 7#dj47 #e4 ,arms to ?ru/1 #b4 ,raise4 ,half b5d knees sl[ly4 7#ce47 #f4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk =w>d4 7#cf47 #g4 ,arms to ?ru/1 #b4 ,raise4 ,raise & l[] %\ld]s4 7#cb47 #h4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk sidew>d1 "r2 same1 left4 7#cg47 #i4 ,arms =w>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,/ret* arms sidew>d4 7#dc47 #aj4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk backw>d4 7#cd47 #aa4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,raise knees =w>d alt]nat+ly4 7#da47 #ab4 ,brea?+ ,ex]cise3 ,inhale1 rais+ arms sidew>d2 exhale1 l[]+ arms4 ,d4 ,m>*+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,m>*+ 9 column 9 quick "t & halt+4 #b4 ,same1 m>k+ "t1 m>*+ =w>d & halt+4 #c4 ,same1 m>*+ on toes4 ,footnote ,p3 ,note4--,jump+ & d\ble-tim+ ex]cises & conte/s %\ld n be includ$ 9 ! fir/ week's "w4 ,bracket$ numb]s ref] to pages 9 ,manual ( ,physical ,tra9+1 :]e simil> ex]cises are illu/rat$ & describ$4 ,,second ,,lesson4--,a4 ,discipl9>y ,ex]cises4 ,same z 9 fir/ lesson4 ,b4 ,/>t+ positions4 ,c4 ,sett+-up ,ex]cises 7e ex]cise has two motions73 #a4 ,arms =w>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,sw+ arms sidew>d4 #b4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,rise on toes4 7#cc47 #c4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,turn head "r2 same1 left4 7#da47 #d4 ,h&s on %\ld]s1 #b4 ,place4 ,turn trunk sidew>d1 "r2 same1 left4 7#dj47 #e4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,full b5d knees1 sl[ly4 7#ci47 #f4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk =w>d4 7#cf47 #g4 ,arms to ?ru/1 #b4 ,raise4 ,move %\ld]s =w>d & backw>d4 7#ce47 #h4 ,arms sidew>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,b5d trunk sidew>d1 "r2 same1 left4 7#ca47 #i4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,/ret* arms =w>d & sidew>d4 #aj4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk backw>d4 7#cd47 #aa4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,ext5d "r & left leg =w>d4 7#dd47 #ab4 ,brea?+ ,ex]cise3 ,inhale1 rais+ arms sidew>d & upw>d2 exhale1 l[]+ arms sidew>d4 ,d4 ,m>*+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,m>*+ 9 column 9 quick "t1 m>k "t1 m>*+ 9 quick "t & halt+4 7#hh47 #b4 ,m>*+ on toes4 7#hi47 #c4 ,m>*+ on toes & rock+4 ,e4 ,jump+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,rise on toes & arms =w>d1 #b ,raise4 ,sw+ arms d[nw>d & b5d knees2 sw+ arms =w>d & ext5d knees1 & recov] ,att5tion4 #b4 ,jump+ 9 place4 7#aic47 ,f4 ,d\ble ,tim+3 #a4 ,d\ble tim+1 *ange to quick "t & halt+4 7#ib47 ,g4 ,conclud+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,brea?+ ex]cise1 rais+ & l[]+ arms sidew>d4 ,,?ird ,,lesson4--,a discipl9>y ,ex]cises1 z 9 fir/ lesson4 ,b4 ,/>t+ ,positions4 ,c4 ,sett+-up ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,arms =w>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,sw+ arms d[nw>d & sidew>d4 7#d motions47 #b4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,rise on "r & left toes1 alt]nat+ly4 7#d motions47 7#df47 #c4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d head =w>d & backw>d4 7#d motions47 7#ch47 #d4 ,arms sidew>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,turn trunk "r & left4 7#d motions47 7#ec47 #e4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,rise on toes & full b5d knees sl[ly4 7#d motions47 7#ci47 #f4 ,f+]s 9 re> ( head1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk =w>d4 7#b motions47 7#db47 #g4 ,arms to ?ru/1 #b4 ,raise4 ,move %\ld]s =w>d1 upw>d1 backw>d1 & recov]4 7#d motions47 #h4 ,h&s on %\ld]s1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk sidew>d1 "r1 & left4 7#d motions47 7#cg47 #i4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,/ret* arms sidew>d1 upw>d1 sidew>d1 & recov]4 7#d motions47 #aj4 ,h&s on %\ld]s1 #b4 ,place4 ,b5d trunk backw>d4 7#b motions47 7#cd47 #aa4 ,h&s on hips1 #b ,place4 ,ext5d "r & left leg backw>d4 7#b motions47 #ab4 ,brea?+ ,ex]cise3 ,inhale1 rais+ arms =w>d1 upw>d2 & exhale1 l[]+ arms sidew>d1 d[n4 ,d4 ,m>*+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,m>*+ 9 quick "t1 rais+ knees4 7#hi47 #b4 ,?ru/+ arms sidew>d4 ,e4 ,jump+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,/&+ broad jump4 #b4 ,?ree successive broad jumps4 ,f4 ,d\ble ,tim+3 #a4 ,d\ble tim+4 7#ib47 #b4 ,d\ble tim+1 m>k+ "t 9 ! d\ble & =w>d4 #c4 ,d\ble tim+ & halt+ f ! d\ble4 ,g4 ,gymna/ic ,conte/s4 ,two ( ^! games %\ld be includ$ 9 ea* lesson4 ,see pp4 #ci-dj4 ,h4 ,conclud+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,brea?+ ex]cise1 z 9 #ab4 ,,f\r? ,,lesson4--,a4 ,discipl9>y ,ex]cises1 z 9 fir/ lesson4 ,b4 ,/>t+ ,positions4 ,c4 ,sett+-up ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,h&s on %\ld]s1 #b4 ,place4 ,ext5d arms =w>d2 sw+ sidew>d1 =w>d1 & recov]4 7#d motions47 #b4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,rise on toes quickly4 7#b motions47 7#cc47 #c4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,turn head "r & left4 7#d motions47 7#da47 #d4 ,arms upw>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,turn trunk "r & left4 7#d motions47 #e4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,half b5d knees1 quickly4 7#b motions47 7#ce47 #f4 ,arms sidew>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,b5d trunk =w>d4 7#b motions47 #g4 ,h&s on %\ld]s1 #b4 ,place4 ,move elb[s =w>d1 & /ret* backw>d4 7#b motions47 7#de47 #h4 ,arms upw>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,b5d trunk sidew>d1 "r & left4 7#d motions47 #i4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,/ret*1 arms =w>d1 sidew>d1 upw>d1 sidew>d1 =w>d1 & recov]4 7#f motions47 #aj4 ,arms sidew>d1 #b4 ,raise4 ,b5d trunk backw>d4 7#b motions47 #aa4 ,h&s on hips1 #b4 ,place4 ,ext5d legs sidew>d4 7#b motions47 #ab4 ,brea?+ ,ex]cise3 #a4 ,inhale1 rais+ arms =w>d1 upw>d2 exhale1 l[]+ arms sidew>d4 ,d4 ,m>*+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,m>*+ 9 quick "t1 rais+ knees1 & ris+ on toes ( o!r foot4 #b4 ,rais+ heels4 #c4 ,?ru/+ arms sidew>d4 ,e4 ,jump+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,?ree successive /&+ broad jumps4 #b4 ,jump+ 9 place1 rais+ knees4 ,f4 ,d\ble ,tim+3 #a4 ,d\ble tim+4 #b4 ,rais+ heels4 #c4 ,d\ble tim+1 sidew>d1 cross+ legs4 ,g4 ,gymna/ic ,conte/s4 ,h4 ,conclud+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,sw+ arms =w>d1 upw>d1 relax$4 #b4 ,brea?+ ex]cise1 z 9 #ab4 ,,fif? ,,lesson4--,a4 ,discipl9>y ,ex]cises4 ,b4 ,/>t+ ,positions4 ,c4 ,sett+-up ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,arms to ?ru/4 ,?ru/ arms upw>d2 sw+ d[nw>d2 =w>d2 upw>d1 & recov]4 7#d motions47 7#ee47 #b4 ,h&s 9 re> ( head4 ,rise on toes & rock4 7#b motions47 7#ci47 #c4 ,h&s on hips4 ,b5d head =w>d & backw>d4 7#d motions47 #d4 ,h&s on %\ld]s4 ,turn trunk "r & left1 /ret*+ arms sidew>d4 7#d motions47 7#eb47 #e4 ,full b5d knees4 ,h&s on gr\nd betwe5 knees1 squatt+ position1 ext5d "r & left leg backw>d1 alt]nat+ly4 7#d motions47 7#fe47 #f4 ,h&s on %\ld]s4 ,b5d trunk =w>d & /ret* arms sidew>d4 7#b motions47 7#ea47 #g4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,curl %\ld]s =w>d & /ret* backw>d4 7#b motions47 7#ch47 #h4 ,h&s on %\ld]s4 ,b5d trunk sidew>d1 "r & left1 ext5d+ arms sidew>d4 7#d motions47 7#fe47 #i4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,flex =e>ms v]tically2 ext5d upw>d2 flex & recov]4 7#d motions47 7#ed47 #aj4 ,h&s on %\ld]s4 ,b5d trunk backw>d1 /ret*+ arms sidew>d4 7#b motions47 7#ef47 #aa4 ,f ,att5tion4 ,raise arms =w>d & ext5d leg =w>d2 /ret* arms sidew>d1 ext5d+ leg backw>d2 move arms & leg to fir/ position & recov] ,att5tion4 7#d motions47 7#ec47 #ab4 ,brea?+ ,ex]cise3 ,raise arms sidew>d2 upw>d2 & l[] lat]ally quickly4 7#d motions47 ,d4 ,m>*+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,m>* 9 quick "t & sw+ ext5d$ leg =w>d1 ankle high4 #b4 ,rais+ knee & hopp+ on o!r foot4 #c4 ,f arms =w>d4 ,sw+ arms upw>d4 ,e4 ,jump+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,/&+ hop1 /ep & jump4 #b4 ,prelim9>y runn+ broad jumps4 #c4 ,broad jump f a walk+ />t ( f\r paces4 7#aig47 ,f4 ,d\ble tim+4 #a4 ,d\ble tim+4 #b4 ,d\ble tim+ sidew>d1 cross+ leg 9 front4 #c4 ,d\ble tim+1 rais+ knees4 ,g4 ,gymna/ic ,conte/s4 ,h4 ,conclud+ ,ex]cises3 #a4 ,b5d trunk =w>d & backw>d1 relax$4 #b4 ,brea?+ ex]cise1 z 9 #ab4 ,= fur!r "w = recruits & "w to be giv5 tra9$ soldi]s1 see ,special ,regulation ,no4 #bc1 ,field ,physical ,tra9+ ( ! ,soldi]4 ,to prev5t grumbl+1 keep m5 at "w4 ,idle m5 are ! ones :o gr[l4 ,! ,fr5* consid] p]iods sp5t 9 ! tr5*es z p]iods ( re/2 in/ead ( lett+ ! m5 g on pass :5 reliev$1 !y re/ore discipl9e by close ord] drill4 ,! physical b5efit is less ?an half ( physical ex]cises4 ,!re %\ld be m5tal ex]tion 9 e ex]cise4 ,b ! mo/ important "p is ! discipl9>y b5efit4 ,! ex]cises mu/ tea* m5 to jump at comm&s1 & by ?is means mu/ make ! organization a homog5e\s mass4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ 9 ! position ( att5tion is *e/ lift$2 & ar*$4 ,!re %\ld be a /ret* upw>d at ! wai/4 ,! position %\ld give ! impression ( a man z pr\d ( himself z he c be4 ,?is is a bluff :i* works1 n only by mak+ a good fir/ impression on o!rs1 b by caus+ ! man himself to live up to x4 ,insi/ on precision4 ,especially :5 m5 are los+ int]e/1 don't let ! "w sag1 b make x int]e/+ by requir+ conc5tration4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ex]cise1 wake ! m5 up by call+ !m to att5tion until !y d x well1 giv+ ! fac+s1 etc4 ,,comm&s4--,!re is a tone at :i* ea* voice c>ries be/4 ,ea* man mu/ f9d x = himself4 ,to make comm&s und]/ood1 enunciate c>efully ) lips & tee?4 ,s\nd especially fir/ & la/ lett]s ( words4 ,(fic]'s po/ure adds to effect ( comm&4 ,8 p]sonality is impress$ on 8 m5 l>gely by 8 voice4 ,prep>atory comm& %\ld be vibrant & *e]ful--n a h>% tone t grates on ! m5 & antagonizes !m4 ,! comm& ( execution mu/ be %ort & %>p2 drill c be made or m>r$ by x4 ,,m>*+4--,a cad5ce fa/] ?an #abj a m9ute adds snap to m>*+1 b snap c n be ga9$ 9 proportion z ! cad5ce is run up4 ,snap is atta9$ *iefly by ! prop] gait4 ,soldi]s %\ld m>*1 n ) knees always slightly b5t1 b %\ld /raight5 !m sm>tly at ! end ( ea* /ep4 ,?is adds drive to ! /ep1 & gives ! m5 confid5ce & a mob _s ( c\rage4 ,aft] long drill at att5tion1 ?is _s c be c>ri$ into ext5d$ ord] "w4 ,m>*+ ex]cises are useful & c be greatly v>i$4 ,! comm& ,ex]cise %\ld always be giv5 z ! left foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,ex]cise is a comm& ( execution1 & ! fir/ movem5t %\ld be execut$ at once :5 x is giv54 ,! c\nt ,"o is giv5 :5 ?is fir/ position is rea*$4 ,! comm& to /op all m>*+ ex]cises is ,quick "t--,m>*4 ,9 all ex]cises ! in/ructor %\ld cultivate ! ability to pick mi/akes4 ,he c develop ?is until he c wat* mu* l>g] gr\ps ?an at fir/4 ,voice ,culture4 ,ma/]y ( ! voice is a necessity = e (fic]2 = )\t x ! giv+ ( comm&s w soon make 8 ?roat look & feel l a piece ( raw ,hamburg /eak4 ,quality ( voice is m effective ?an quantity4 ,brute =ce may produce a ro> t has trem5d\s volume at a %ort di/ance2 b ! s\nd w n c>ry unless x is s plac$ t x gets ! b5efit ( ! resonance spaces 9 ! head4 ,if ! tone is produc$ prop]ly1 s t x has ! s++ quality necess>y 9 all "r comm&s1 quantity ( tone w come ( itself4 ,?is s++ quality has no?+ to d ) music2 x may be atta9$ by a man :o c h>dly di/+ui% a b> ( music f a b> ( soap4 ,x dep5ds ^u ?ree pr9ciples1 :i* are v simple 9 !mselves b c n be appli$ )\t c>eful practise4 ,! fir/ cov]s prop] use ( ! brea?4 ,air mu/ be drawn into ! lungs by exp&+ ! diaphragm & abdom51 a process be/ se5 9 ! natural brea?+ ( a man :o is ly+ on 8 back ) all muscles relax$4 ,fill+ ! upp] "p ( ! lungs by rais+ ! *e/ puts ! "w on ! comp>atively small muscles betwe5 ! ribs2 b fill+ ! base ( ! lungs by pull+ d[nw>d br+s into play ! diaphragm1 ! l>ge/ muscle 9 ! body4 ,! s5sation :i* accompanies prop] deep control ( ! brea? is z if ! tone 7 n pu%$ out ( ! m\?1 b drawn 9 & upw>ds4 ,x is p>tly describ$ by ! phrases ( s++ tea*]s1 drawn tone & s++ on ! brea?4 ,! diaphragm mu/ n only relieve ! muscles betwe5 ! ribs1 b1 /ill m important1 ! small muscles ( ! ?roat4 ,! second great pr9ciple ( voice production is t ! ?roat mu/ be p]fectly relax$4 ,any t5sion !re int]f]es ) ! free vibration :i* is ess5tial = /rong & resonant tone4 ,?is relaxation is mo/ easily ga9$ by draw+ ! *9 9 slightly1 loos5+ ! muscles "u x4 ,! base ( ! tongue c be relax$ by roll+ ! lett] ,r1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( mak+ two syllables ( su* words z gr-r&4 ,talk+ ) ! tee? clos$ loosely w also help to ease incorrect1 t5sion ab\t ! ?roat4 ,if ! ?roat is prop]ly relax$1 !re w be no s5sation 9 x dur+ ! production ( ! voice4 ,any s5sation betwe5 ! diaphragm & ! resonance *amb]s ( ! head is a sign ( wrong & h>mful t5sion4 ,! use ( ^! resonance *amb]s is requir$ by ! ?ird pr9ciple--t ! tone mu/ be re9=c$ by resonance 9 all ! holl[ spaces ( ! head4 ,^! are f\nd 9 ! nose1 above ! palate & ev5 above ! eyes4 ,!y h ! same effect z ! s\nd+ bo>d ( a musical in/rum5t1 9 giv+ quality to ! tone4 ,! be/ way to put ?is pr9ciple into practice is to le>n ! s5sation ( ! cle> & r++ tone :i* is produc$ by prop] plac+ ( ! voice4 ,ex]cises conta9+ ! lett]s ,m & ,n w give ?is effect4 ,?is does n mean t ! s\nd %\ld be nasal2 x %\ld be made 9 ! nose1 b n ?r\gh x4 ,ano!r way to increase resonance is to ?9k ( cry+ ! words r ?an talk+ !m4 ,a slightly :9+ intonation or a s\nd l t ( a laugh has m r+ to x ?an an ord9>y flat talk+ tone4 ,^! pr9ciples %\ld n be neglect$ because !y are simple4 ,!y c n be ma/]$ )\t "w1 & unless !y are ma/]$ ! voice w n be he>d at a di/ance & w n la/ "u ! "w ( giv+ comm&s4 ,fur!r sugge/ions on ! mann] ( giv+ comm&s w be f\nd "u ,physical ,tra9+4 ,,*apt] #d4 ,use ( ,mod]n ,arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c ,small ,arms ,fir+4 ,"u ?is head+ we h _m phases ( ! tra9+ & ex]cises giv5 to our arm$ =ces4 ,x has be5 f\nd be/ to use simple e day me?ods to get ! be/ results4 ,!re are two pr9cipal factors--! rifle & ! pi/ol4 ,! =m] only w be tak5 up n[4 ,! s*eme is to make ! soldi] a good %ot s+ly & collectively1 9 "t ( peace & 9 "t ( w>4 ,! c\rse ( in/ruction at ?is camp 0 arrang$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,nom5clature & c>e ( ! rifle4 7b7 ,sight+ drills4 7c7 ,position & aim+ drills4 7d7 ,deflection & aim+ drills4 7e7 ,range practice4 7f7 ,e/imat+ di/ance drill4 7g7 ,combat fir+4 7a7 ,e man %\ld be taught ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts 7see cut7 ( ! rifle & h[ to clean & keep x clean4 7b7 ,if "t p]mits1 ! sight+ b> describ$ on page #bf1 s4a4f4m4 %\ld be us$4 ,to illu/rate ! normal & peep sight make a draw+ on a blackbo>d ( page #cj1 s4a4f4m4 ,us+ a s& bag or "s conv5i5t re/ = ! rifle4 ,! in/ructor sights x on "s object %[+ ! normal & peep sight4 ,us+ ! above re/s h a m>k] hold a disk aga9/ a l>ge piece ( pap] t[>ds :i* ! rifle is po9t$4 ,!re is a p9 hole 9 ! c5t] ( ! bull's eye on ! disk4 ,! range %\ld be ab\t #ej feet1 & ! bull's eye ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,! m>k] moves x ab\t until ! man sight+ tells him to hold1 at :i* "t he m>ks ! c5t] ) ! po9t ( a p5cil4 ,?is is done ?ree times1 ! ?ree po9ts are !n connect$4 ,! triangle ?us =m$ is !n us$ by ! in/ructor to %[ ! man :e!r he took too mu* or too little front sight or :e!r he lean$ to "o side or ! o!r :ile aim+4 ,use = ?is ex]cise bo? ! normal & peep sight4 ,to %[ ! effect ( cant+ ! piece use a sight sett+ ( #a1jjj y>ds1 take out ! bolt1 aim ! rifle :ile ly+ on a s& bag at a #a-;in* bull's eye #ej feet away4 ,!n look ?r\gh ! bore ( ! rifle & h ! place :]e ! t>get w\ld be approximately hit by a bullet m>k$4 ,cant ! piece to ! "r & aim at ! same bull's eye4 ,!n look ?r\gh ! bore ( ! rifle & m>k ! place :]e ! bullet w\ld approximately /rike ! t>get4 ,! la/ m>k w\ld be l[] & to ! "r ( ! fir/ m>k4 ,x %\ld be readily se5 t 9 cant+ ! piece to ! "r y\r sight is to ! "r ( its orig9al position--t is "r w9dage4 ,also by cant+ x to ! "r y\r elevation is l[]$1 t is1 less5$4 ,cant+ ! piece to ! left w\ld make ! bullet /rike l[ & to ! left4 7c7 ,prelim9>y comm& ,position & aim+ drill1 comm& ( execution ,squad 7platoon1 or company7 ,ready4 ,at ! comm& ,ready ea* man faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot ab\t #a foot to ! "r1 9 su* a position t w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess1 raises ! piece & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb along ! /ock1 muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+ ! position ( ! piece is simil>--if kneel+ ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh--if sitt+ ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,if ly+ d[n ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,f ! position ( ready ! f\r ex]cises--position1 aim+1 trigg] squeeze1 & rapid fire--are giv54 ,^! ex]cises giv5 on pages #ch-db1 s4a4f4m4 %\ld be c>efully /udi$4 ,d n leave x to ! s]geant1 etc41 to d--give y\r company y\r own in/ruction :5 practicable1 & 9 "t ( battle !y w "k y & y w "k !m1 & !re w gr[ up betwe5 y t mutual und]/&+ :i* is necess>y = ! real success ( any und]tak+4 ,d n =get to give ^! ex]cises 9 all positions ( fir+1 namely1 /&+1 sitt+1 kneel+1 & prone4 7d7 ,a *ange ( "o po9t ( w9dage at ! #ajj y>d range w *ange ! po9t /ruck by ! bullet ( ! next %ot #d in*es4 ,if "r w9dage is tak5 ! bullet w /rike to ! "r1 if left w9dage is tak5 x w /rike to ! left3 numb] ( ,range4 w9dage4 direction4 in*es *ange4 #ajj #a po9t "r or left #d #bjj #a po9t "r or left #h #cjj #a po9t "r or left #ab #ejj #a po9t "r or left #bj #fjj #a po9t "r or left #bd ,rememb] to take w9dage 9 ! direction y want ! bullet to /rike4 ,a *ange ( #be y>ds 9 y\r sight sett+ raises or l[]s ! po9t /ruck by ! bullet ( ! next %ot at ! #ajj y>ds range #a in*3 ,numb] in*es ,range4 ,*ange 9 sight4 *ange on t>get4 #ajj #be y>ds #a #bjj #be y>ds #b #cjj #be y>ds #c #ejj #be y>ds #e #fjj #be y>ds #f #cjj #ge y>ds #i #ejj #aej y>ds #cj 7e7 ,range practice4 ,t>get details mu/ be ?or\ghly famili> ) p>agraphs #ajf-aaj1 s4a4f4m4 ,scor]s mu/ be famili> ) ! me?od ( record+ scores4 ,! foll[+ s*$ule is ! "o t 0 foll[$ at ?is camp3 ,,sl[ ,,fire4 ,range ,"t ,%ots,t>get ,position ,sights ,ammunition ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #ajj ,no limit #ae ,a ,prone ,leaf ,gu>d #ajj ,no limit #ae ,a ,kneel+ ,leaf ,gu>d #ajj ,no limit #ae ,a ,/&+ ,leaf ,gu>d #bjj ,no limit #ae ,a ,prone #aj leaf1 #e battles ,s]vice #bjj ,no limit #ae ,a ,kneel+ #aj leaf1 #e battles ,s]vice #cjj ,no limit #ae ,a ,prone #aj leaf1 #e battles ,s]vice #cjj ,no limit #ae ,a ,sitt+ #aj leaf1 #e battles ,s]vice ,,rapid ,,fire4 ,range ,"t ,%ots,t>get ,position ,sights,ammunition ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #ajj #a m9 #aj ,d ,prone ,leaf ,s]vice #ajj #a m94 #aj ,h ,prone ,leaf ,s]vice #bjj #a m94 #aj ,d ,kneel+ f /&+ ,leaf ,s]vice #bjj #a m94 #aj ,h ,prone f /&+ ,leaf ,s]vice #cjj #a'-aj #aj ,d ,prone f /&+ ,leaf ,s]vice #cjj #a'-aj #aj ,h ,prone f /&+ ,leaf ,s]vice ,at ea* range ) ! rapid fire #e additional %ots %\ld be fir$ ) ! battle sight & ) half ! allott$ "t4 7f7 ,a c\rse %\ld be laid (f 9 an op5 field4 ,! base %\ld be m>k$4 ,at lea/ #e natural objects ^: di/ances are to be e/imat$ %\ld be plac$ s t !y are cle>ly visible f ! base4 ,! objects %\ld be m5 /&+1 kneel+ or prone1 & %\ld be plac$ f #eej to #a1bjj y>ds f ! base4 ,ea* company %\ld be conduct$ to ! base & ext5d$ along x1 backs t[>ds ! objects1 9 s+le rank4 ,ea* man %\ld h a p5cil & pap]4 ,! objects ^: di/ances are to be e/imat$ are po9t$ out by ! company comm&] & ! m5 told to e/imate & record _! e/imates4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ex]cise1 ! company comm&] %\ld read (f ! correct di/ances1 & h ea* man figure 8 p] c5t ( error4 ,x is important t ! m5 "k ! correct di/ances :ile ! objects are /ill 9 view4 ,= record1 p>agraph #he1 s4a4f4m4 %\ld be foll[$4 ,rememb] t !re are f\r pr9cipal ways to e/imate di/ances by3 #a1 x _c be m ?an a c]ta9 di/ance1 & x _c be less ?an a c]ta9 di/ance--take ! mean2 #b1 divide ! di/ance into a c]ta9 numb] ( famili> l5g?s2 select a halfway po9t1 e/imate ?is & multiply by #b2 #c1 e/imate ! di/ance along a p>allel l9e1 z a road hav+ well def9$ objects2 #d1 take ! mean ( sev]al e/imates4 7g7 ,9 combat ! platoon is ! fire unit4 ,! fire ( ! company1 battalion or regim5t is no?+ m ?an ! comb9$ fire ( all ! fire units4 ,! enemy c be imag9>y1 outl9$ or repres5t$4 ,! ex]cise mu/ be conduct$ "u an assum$ tactical situation4 ,! comm&] mu/ lead 8 m5 accord+ to ! assumptions made by ! umpire4 ,signals are us$ to indicate ! enemy's actions1 /r5g?1 etc4 ,! situation %\ld be simple1 & aft] ! ex]cise a critique %\ld be held on ! gr\nd4 ,combat practice ) ball ammunition aga9/ disappe>+ t>gets1 & at e/imat$ ranges1 gets excell5t results4 ,! (fic] conduct+ ! ex]cise w prohibit ! advance if x w\ld be impossible 7 ! enemy real4 ,h e man play ! game4 ,a po9t to be rememb]$ is t = battle sight ! sight slide mu/ be z f> to ! re> z x w g4 ,if x is "p way up ! leaf1 ! drift correction cut 9 ! slot ^u :i* x moves w ?r[ x to ! left1 & left w9dage w be tak54 ,po9t blank range is #ecj y>ds4 ,battle sight is set = ?is di/ance because ?is is ! extreme range at :i* a bullet w\ld /rike a man kneel+ betwe5 ! rifle & ! t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4 ,pi/ol4 ,,nom5clature ,,& ,,c>e4--,! soldi] is fir/ taught ! nom5clature ( ! p>ts ( ! pi/ol4 ,ord9ance ,pamphlet ,no4 #ahff gives ?is in=mation1 7,see cut ( pi/ol47 ,,manual ,,= ,,! ,,pi/ol4 #a4 ,! pi/ol be+ 9 ! hol/]3 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,at ! comm& ,raise1 unbutton ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! "r h& & grasp ! /ock1 back ( h& outw>d4 ,at ! comm& ,pi/ol1 draw ! pi/ol f ! hol/]1 rev]se x1 muzzle up1 ! h& hold+ ! /ock ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s2 =ef+] outside ( ! gu>d2 b>rel to ! re>1 & incl9$ to ! front at an angle ( ab\t ?irty degrees2 h& z high z ! neck & six in*es 9 front ( ! po9t ( ! "r %\ld]4 ,?is is ! position ( ,raise ,pi/ol1 & x may be simil>ly tak5 f any position4 #b4 ,to )draw magaz9e1 pi/ol 9 any position3 #a4 ,)draw4 #b4 ,magaz9e4 ,at ! comm& ,magaz9e1 place pi/ol1 b>rel d[n1 9 left h& & clasp b>rel 9 full grip ( left h&1 ?umb clasp$ ov] b>rel 9 front ( trigg] gu>d1 butt ( pi/ol up1 b>rel po9t+ to ! left front & slightly d[nw>d4 ,) tip ( "r =ef+] press /ud releas+ magaz9e & !n place tip ( same f+] "u projection at front ( magaz9e base4 ,raise magaz9e ab\t an in* !n close ?umb & second f+] on sides ( magaz9e1 giv+ a secure grasp ) :i* x c be )drawn f socket1 plac$ inside belt 79 pocket ( %irt or o!rwise dispos$ ( )\t ?r[+ x away74 ,"r h& !n grasps /ock1 back ( h& to ! left4 #c4 ,to op5 *amb]1 ! pi/ol 9 any position3 #a4 ,op54 #b4 ,*amb]4 ,c>ry ! pi/ol to ! left h& 7if n already !re7 b>rel to ! left1 front end ( slide grasp$ betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( left h&2 "r h& grasp+ /ock1 back ( h& up2 "r ?umb "u slide /op4 ,hold left h& /eady & pu% =w>d ) "r h& till slide rea*es end ( /roke2 engage slide /op1 & come to ,raise ,pi/ol4 ,%\ld ! pi/ol be cock$ & lock$1 x w be unlock$ s t ! slide c move4 #d4 ,to close *amb]1 be+ at ,raise ,pi/ol1 *amb] op53 #a4 ,close4 #b4 ,*amb]4 ,at ! comm& ,*amb]1 release slide top ) "r ?umb & let hamm] d[n g5tly4 ,to let hamm] d[n1 pull d[nw>d ) po9t ( "r ?umb till hamm] presses aga9/ grip safety & =ces x home2 !n :ile cont9u+ ?is pressure on hamm]1 pull trigg]2 & :ile cont9u+ pull on trigg]1 let ! hamm] d[n4 ,:ile lett+ hamm] d[n1 grasp /ock firmly betwe5 ! palm & la/ ?ree f+]s to prev5t pi/ol rotat+ 9 h&4 #e4 ,to ins]t magaz9e1 pi/ol be+ 9 any position1 no magaz9e 9 socket3 #a4 ,ins]t4 #b4 ,magaz9e4 ,l[] pi/ol into left h& z 9 ,)drawn ,magaz9e1 grasp magaz9e ) tip ( "r =ef+] on projection at base ( magaz9e1 )draw f pocket & ins]t 9 pi/ol4 ,to make sure t magaz9e is home1 /rike base ( magaz9e ) palm ( "r h&4 ,br+ ! pi/ol to ! position ( ,raise ,pi/ol4 #f4 ,to return pi/ol1 be+ at ,raise ,pi/ol3 #a4 ,return4 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,l[] ! pi/ol & raise ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! "r ?umb2 ins]t ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/] & pu% x d[n2 button ! flap ) ! "r h&4 ,if ! pi/ol be load$ & cock$ ! comm&4 #a4 ,lock1 #b4 ,pi/ol mu/ prec$e ! comm& ,return4 #g4 ,to load1 hav+ load$ magaz9e 9 pi/ol1 pi/ol 9 any position1 *amb] empty3 #a4 ,load4 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,place pi/ol 9 left h&1 b>rel d[n1 butt ( pi/ol up1 b>rel po9t+ to left front & d[nw>d1 slide grasp$ betwe5 ?umb & =ef+]4 ,pu% =w>d ) "r h& until ! slide is fully op51 !n release slide all[+ x to move =w>d & load c>tridge into *amb]4 ,come to ,raise ,pi/ol4 ,if ! la/ %ot 9 ! magaz9e has be5 fir$1 to reload2 same comm&1 b execute ,)drawn ,magaz9e1 ,ins]t ,magaz9e1 ,close ,*amb]4 ,z soon z ! pi/ol is load$1 x w be imm$iately lock$ by ! comm&s4 #a4 ,lock4 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,%\ld ! comm& = lock+ pi/ol be inadv]t5tly omitt$ x w be lock$ )\t comm&4 #h4 ,to unload pi/ol1 be+ 9 any position1 load$3 ,execute by ! comm&s1 ,)draw ,magaz9e1 ,op5 ,*amb]1 ,close ,*amb]1 ,ins]t ,magaz9e4 #i4 ,to inspect pi/ol1 x be+ 9 ! hol/]3 #a4 ,inspection4 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,execute1 ,raise ,pi/ol4 ,to inspect ! pi/ol m m9utely1 add #c4 ,)draw4 #d4 ,magaz9e4 #e4 ,op54 #f4 ,*amb]4 ,to avoid accid5ts1 individual m5 out ( ranks1 9 b>racks or camp w fir/ ,)draw ,magaz9e !n ,op5 ,*amb] :5ev] ! pi/ol is remov$ f ! hol/] = clean+1 = exam9ation1 or = any o!r purpose4 ,accid5tal dis*>ges w n occur if ! above rule is always obs]v$1 & failure to obs]ve x mu/ be consid]$ a milit>y (f5se1 :e!r or n accid5t results4 #aj4 ,:5ev] m5 fall 9 ranks ) ! automatic pi/ol ! (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge w comm&3 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,pi/ol2 #a4 ,)draw1 #b4 ,magaz9e2 #a4 ,op51 #b4 ,*amb]2 #a4 ,close1 #b4 ,*amb]4 #a4 ,ins]t1 #b4 ,magaz9e4 #a4 ,return1 #b4 ,pi/ol4 ,:5 fall+ 9 ! above comm&s are giv5 aft] *amb] ( rifles h be5 op5$ & clos$1 & ! ord] resum$--! rifle be+ held aga9/ ! left wri/4 ,! comm&] ( any company or deta*m5t !re( is responsible = giv+ ! necess>y comm&s to put ! pi/ols 9 a safe condition4 #aa4 ,! pi/ol ) c>tridge 9 *amb] is habitually c>ri$ cock$ & lock$1 :e!r 9 ! h& or 9 ! hol/]4 ,! hamm] w n be l[]$ :ile a c>tridge is 9 ! *amb]4 #ab4 ,9 campaign1 ! pi/ol %\ld habitually be c>ri$ ) a magaz9e 9 ! socket1 load$ ) sev5 ball c>tridges1 *amb] empty1 hamm] d[n4 ,! extra magaz9es %\ld also be load$ ) sev5 ball c>tridges ea*4 ,:5 action seems imm95t1 ! pi/ol %\ld be load$ by comm&4 ,x may !n be return$ by comm& to ! hol/] till ! "t = its use arrives4 #ac4 ,recruits are fir/ taught ! motions ( load+ & fir+ )\t us+ c>tridges4 ,h[ev]1 ! automatic action & ! effect ( ball c>tridges 9 op]at+ ! slide _c be taught )\t fir+ ball c>tridges4 ,practice )\t c>tridges is v necess>y to acquire facility 9 ! exact movem5ts ( ! manual & 9 aim+1 hold+ & trigg] squeeze4 ,to execute ! movem5ts )\t c>tridges1 fir/ ,)draw ,magaz9e1 ,op5 ,*amb]1 & ,exam9e bo? ,pi/ols & magaz9es to assure t none conta9 ball c>tridges4 #ad4 ,all ! movem5ts 9 load+ pi/ol %\ld be practic$ )\t look+ at x4 ,9 ord] to d ?is successfully x is necess>y to "k exactly :]e ! magaz9es are c>ri$ s ! h& may f9d !m )\t fumbl+4 ,also1 s9ce ! projection at ! front ( ! magaz9e base is on ! same side z ! bullets1 & ! magaz9e mu/ be ins]t$ 9 ! socket ) ^! to ! front1 ! magaz9e %\ld be c>ri$ 9 ! pocket ) ! projection to ! left & %\ld be )drawn f ! pocket ) ! same grasp z is prescrib$ = ,)drawn ,magaz9e4 #ae4 ,?is manual mu/ be practic$ ) all ! precision & exactness requir$ = ! manual = ! rifle4 ,accid5ts w be r$uc$ to a m9imum & famili>ity ) ! pi/ol ga9$4 ,,position ,/& firmly on bo? feet1 body p]fectly balanc$ & erect & turn$ at su* an angle z is mo/ com=table :5 ! arm is ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get2 ! feet f> en\gh ap>t 7ab\t #h to #aj in*es7 z to insure /ead9ess2 weight ( body borne equally ^u bo? feet2 "r arm fully ext5d$ b n lock$2 left arm hang+ naturally4 ,,! ,,grip4--,grasp ! /ock z high z possible ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s1 ! =ef+] alongside ! trigg] gu>d1 ! ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock4 ,! b>rel h& & =e-arm %\ld be z ne>ly 9 "o l9e z possible :5 ! weapon is po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,! grasp %\ld n be s tight z to cause tremors b %\ld be firm en\gh to avoid los+ grip4 ,! l[] ! /ock is grasp$ ! great] w be ! movem5t or jump ( ! muzzle caus$ by recoil4 ,if ! h& be plac$ s t ! grasp is on "o side ( ! /ock1 ! recoil w cause a rot>y movem5t ( ! weapon t[>d ! opposite side4 ,! releas+ ( ! se> causes a slight movem5t ( ! muzzle1 g5]ally to ! left4 ,! position & pressure ( ! ?umb along ! /ock ov]comes mu* ( ?is movem5t4 ,to d uni=m %oot+ ! weapon mu/ be held ) exactly ! same grip = ea* %ot1 n only mu/ ! h& grasp ! /ock at ! same po9t = ea* %ot1 b ! t5sion ( ! grip mu/ be uni=m4 ,,! ,,trigg] ,,squeeze4--,! trigg] mu/ be squeez$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 rifle fir+4 ,! pressure ( ! =ef+] on ! trigg] %\ld be /eadily increas$ & %\ld be /raight back1 n sideways4 ,! pressure %\ld cont9ue to t po9t beyond :i* ! slighte/ movem5t w release ! se>4 ,!n :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure is appli$ & ! pi/ol fir$4 ,:5 ! pi/ol is fir$ ! greate/ ef=t %\ld be tak5 to hold ! pi/ol to ! m>k z ne>ly z possible4 ,?is w be ( great b5efit 9 automatic fir+4 ,,position ,,& ,,aim+ ,,drills4--,! ,squad is =m$ ) an int]val ( "o pace betwe5 files4 ,black pa/]s are us$ z aim+ po9ts4 ,! pa/]s are t5 paces di/ant f ! squad4 ,! in/ructor comm&1 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,pi/ol & cautions ,position & ,aim+ ,drill4 ,! m5 take ! position prescrib$ 9 p>agraph #c4 ,at ! comm&1 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,fire1 sl[ly ext5d ! arm till x is ne>ly horizontal1 ! pi/ol direct$ at a po9t2 ab\t six in*es bel[ ! bull's-eye4 ,at ! same "t put ! =ef+] inside ! trigg] gu>d & gradually feel ! trigg]4 ,inhale en\gh air to com=tably fill ! lungs & gradually raise ! piece until ! l9e ( sight is direct$ at ! po9t ( aim1 i4e41 j bel[ ! bull's-eye at six o'clock4 ,:ile ! sights are direct$ ^u ! m>k1 gradually increase ! pressure on ! trigg] until x rea*es t po9t :]e ! slighte/ additional pressure w release ! se>4 ,!n1 :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure necess>y to fire ! piece is giv5 s smoo?ly z n to d]ange ! alignm5t ( ! sights4 ,! weapon w be held on ! m>k = an in/ant aft] ! hamm] falls & ! soldi] w obs]ve :at effect1 if any1 ! squeez+ ( ! trigg] has _h on 8 aim4 ,:5 ! soldi] has become pr(ici5t 9 tak+ ! prop] position ! ex]cise is conduct$ ,at ,w4 ,,quick ,,fire4--,be+ at ! ,raise ,pi/ol1 *amb] & magaz9e empty1 #a4 ,quick ,fire ,ex]cise1 #b4 ,"o4 ,l[] ! =e>m until x is ne>ly horizontal1 pi/ol po9t+ at ! t>get1 #c4 ,two4 ,?ru/ ! pi/ol =w>d to ! position ( aim1 snapp+ ! pi/ol j be=e ! arm rea*es its full ext5sion4 ,!n look ?r\gh sights to v]ify ! po9t+4 #d4 ,?ree4 ,return to ,raise ,pi/ol & cock ! pi/ol4 ,9 ?is ex]cise ! soldi] mu/ keep 8 eyes fix$ ^u ! m>k4 ,he %\ld con/antly practice po9t+ ! pi/ol until he acquires ! ability to direct x on ! m>k 9 ! briefe/ int]val ( "t & practically )\t ! aid ( ! sights4 ,9 o!r words1 ! pi/ol 9 ?is ex]cise is accurately po9t$ in/ead ( accurately aim$4 ,9 night fir+ po9t+ ! pi/ol is ! only me?od t c be us$4 ,aft] c>eful practice 9 ?is ex]cise x is surpris+ :at good results c be obta9$ at night4 ,?is ex]cise %\ld !n be practic$ f ! position ( ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/] in/ead ( ,raise ,pi/ol4 ,,classes ,,( ,,fire3 #a4 ,,sl[ ,,fire4--,z describ$ above4 ,t>get ,l or ,a or improvis$ t>get4 #b4 ,,quick ,,fire4--,be+ at ,raise ,pi/ol1 pi/ols lock$1 at ! comm& ,comm5ce ,fir+ fire & return to ,raise ,pi/ol aft] ea* %ot foll[+ ! pr9ciples ( ,quick ,fire ,ex]cise4 ,t>get ,e1 five y>ds ap>t1 "o = ea* man fir+4 ,?is fir+ %\ld be done by ! numb]s z describ$ 9 ,quick ,fire ,ex]cise4 #c4 ,,automatic ,,fire 7,,t>get ,e74--,be+ at ,raise ,pi/ol1 pi/ols lock$4 ,at ! comm& ,comm5ce ,fir+ empty ! magaz9e 9 sev5 seconds1 keep+ ! arm ext5d$4 ,t>get ,e1 #e y>ds ap>t1 "o = ea* man fir+4 #d4 ,,tr5* ,,fire 7,,t>get ,e74--,two l9es ( t>gets4 ,! fir/ l9e is compos$ ( ,f t>gets1 #e y>ds ap>t1 "o figure = ea* man fir+4 ,! second l9e is compos$ ( two ,e figures1 "o y>d ap>t1 = ea* man fir+1 plac$ 9 a tr5* imm$iately 9 re> ( ! figures ( ! fir/ l9e4 ,?is gives = ea* fir] a gr\p ( ?ree figures1 "o plac$ on top at ! ne> edge ( ! tr5* & ! o!r two 9 ! tr5* imm$iately 9 re>4 ,9 case a tr5* is n available ! rifle pit c be us$4 ,a gutt]1 sunk5 road1 embankm5t1 or h$ge c be us$ = ?is purpose s long z tr5* fire is simulat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e4 ,,tr5* ,,t>get ,,c\rse ,,= ,,! ,,automatic ,,pi/ol4 ,! fir+ l9e advances at a walk f #ajj y>ds takes up a d\ble "t #ej y>ds f tr5*1 fires "o %ot at ! d\ble "t :5 )9 t5 y>ds ( ! fir/ t>get cont9ues to ! tr5* & fires ! rema9+ six %ots1 automatic fire1 at ! two t>gets 9 ! tr5* 9 re> ( ! fir/ l9e t>get4 ,,score 7,,t>get ,e1 ,,bobb+74--,a score w be sev5 %ots4 ,t>gets w be m>k$ aft] ! m5 9 ! fir+ l9e h complet$ _! scores4 ,all load+ & fir+ %\ld be done by comm&4 ,,c\rse3 #a4 ,,sl[ ,,fire4--#aj y>ds4 ,m9imum ( "o maximum ( five scores4 #b4 ,,quick ,,fire4--#aj y>ds4 ,m9imum ( "o maximum ( ?ree scores4 #c4 ,,automatic ,,fire4--#aj y>ds4 ,m9imum ( "o maximum ( ?ree scores4 #d4 ,,tr5* ,,fire4--,m9imum ( "o maximum ( ?ree scores4 ,bayonet ,tra9+4 ,a4 ,,! ,,functions ,,( ,,bayonet ,,tra9+ ,,are3 #a4 ,to tea* ! correct use ( ! bayonet until x becomes in/9ctive4 #b4 ,to develop ! fight+ _s4 #c4 ,to develop spe$1 accuracy1 & cord9ation4 ,b4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,f5c+1 9 mod]n combat1 is out ( ! "q4 ,almo/ e fight w consi/ ( b "o or two motions4 ,h5ce ! class mu/ be taught t ! be/ def5ce is ! quicke/ (f5sive4 #b4 ,e available means ( (f5ce1 ) h&s & feet z well z ) rifle & bayonet1 is a "p ( bayonet tra9+4 #c4 ,teamwork is ess5tial4 ,m5 mu/ be taught1 especially 9 ! combat1 to ex]cise1 to seize e opportunity to act toge!r4 #d4 ,p]sonal control dur+ combat1 especially at night1 w be ne>ly impossible4 ,control %\ld be practic$1 !re=e1 9 ! =m ( cle> in/ructions deliv]$ to ! m5 be=e assault1 & fulfill$ individually4 #e4 ,9 e assault & combat ex]cise1 ! m5 mu/ be taught nev] to leave an enemy alive1 or :o may be alive1 beh9d !m4 ,c4 ,,te*nique ,,( ,,bayonet ,,combat3 #a4 ,! po9t is ! ma9 reliance4 ,its use %\ld be practic$ 9 e possible situation1 until a correct *oice or comb9ation ( long po9t1 %ort po9t1 & jab1 & ! execution !re(1 becomes a matt] ( in/9ct4 #b4 ,! po9t mu/ always be direct$ at a def9ite t>get4 ,! mo/ vuln]able po9ts ( ! body are3 ,l[] abdom51 base ( ! neck1 small ( ! back 7on ei!r side ( ! sp9e71 *e/1 & ?ighs4 ,bony p>ts ( ! trunk mu/ be avoid$ by accurate aim4 #c4 ,! use ( ! rifle z a club1 sw++ or /rik+1 is valuable only3 a4 ,:5 ! po9t is n available4 b4 ,9 sudd5 enc\nt]s at close qu>t]s1 :5 a %>p butt sw+ to ! crot* may cat* an oppon5t ungu>d$4 c4 ,aft] p>ry+ a sw++ butt bl[1 :5 a butt /rike to ! jaw is (t5 ! quicke/ possible ripo/e4 ,! use ( butt sw+s ov]head or sidewise to ! head or neck1 is to be avoid$2 !y are sl[1 inaccurate1 easily p>ri$ or side-/epp$1 & leave ! :ole body ungu>d$4 ,aft] e butt bl[ a ?ru/ mu/ imm$iately foll[1 s9ce no butt bl[1 ( itself1 is apt to be fatal4 #d4 ,! p>ries mu/ be reg>d$ & practic$ *iefly z means ( op5+ ! oppon5t's gu>d2 h5ce1 a ?ru/ mu/ imm$iately foll[ ea* p>ry4 #e4 ,! foot movem5ts %[n 9 ! old manual are useful only to promote quickness & /ead9ess4 ,!y %\ld1 !re=e1 be practic$ 9 comb9ation ) ! po9ts & butt bl[s1 & s comb9$ c be execut$ 9 ! oblique directions z well z at "r angles4 ,! left foot moves 9 ! direction ( ! ?ru/4 ,d4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,bayonet3 ,!re are only #g ex]cises to le>n 9 ! new bayonet drill3 #a4 ,gu>d4--,po9t ( ! bayonet direct$ at ! oppon5t's ?roat1 ! rifle held easily & naturally ) bo? h&s1 b>rel incl9$ slightly to ! left1 "r h& at ! height ( ! navel & grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock1 left h& hold+ ! rifle at a conv5i5t position above ! l[] b&1 s t ! left arm is slightly b5t1 mak+ an angle ( ab\t #aej degrees4 ,! legs %\ld be well sep>at$ & 9 an easy position4 ,lean =w>d1 on y\r toes1 left knee slightly b5t1 "r foot flat on ! gr\nd & turn$ to ! "r front4 ,rememb] 9 ?is position to h y\r eye on y\r oppon5t1 d n re/ra9 y\r muscles1 keep !m taut1 b flexible4 #b4 ,high ,port4--,! h&s hold ! rifle z 9 gu>d2 ! left wri/ level )1 & directly 9 front ( ! left %\ld]2 ! "r h& above ! "r gro9 & on level ) ! navel4 ,rememb] t ! b>rel 9 ?is position is to ! re>4 ,?is position is assum$ on ! advance )\t comm&4 #c4 ,long ,po9t4--,be+ 9 ! position ( gu>d1 grasp ! rifle firmly1 vigor\sly deliv] ! po9t to ! full ext5t ( ! left arm1 butt along side & close to ! "r =e>m2 body incl9$ =w>d2 left knee well b5t1 "r leg brac$1 & weight ( ! body press$ well =w>d ) ! =e "p ( ! "r foot1 heel rais$4 ,! "r h& gives ! p[] to ! po9t1 :ile ! left guides x4 ,if a po9t is made 9 ! oblique direction ! left foot %\ld move 9 t direction4 ,?is ex]cise is done 9 #c c\nts4 ,at #a ! po9t is made2 at #b1 ! )drawal2 at #c1 resume ! gu>d4 ,! )drawal mu/ be /raight back1 & n ) ! d[nw>d motion1 until ! "r h& is well beh9d ! hip4 #d4 ,"r 7,left7 ,p>ry4--#a4 ,/raight5 ! left arm1 )\t b5d+ ! wri/ or twi/+ ! rifle 9 ! h&1 & =ce ! rifle =w>d f> en\gh to ! "r 7left7 to w>d (f ! oppon5t's weapon1 #b4 ,resume gu>d4 ,rememb] to keep y\r eyes on ! weapon to be p>ri$4 #e4 ,%ort ,po9t4--#a4 ,%ift ! left h& quickly t[>d ! muzzle & draw ! rifle back to ! full ext5t ( ! "r arm1 butt ei!r high or l[ z a l[ or high po9t is to be made4 #b4 ,deliv] ! po9t vigor\sly to ! full ext5t ( ! left arm4 #c4 ,)drawal4 #d4 ,resume ! gu>d4 #f4 ,jab ,po9t4--#a4 ,%ift ! left h& quickly t[>d ! muzzle1 draw ! rifle back1 & %ift ! "r h& up ! rifle & grasp x above ! re> sight1 at ! same "t br++ ! rifle to an almo/ v]tical position close to ! body4 ,b5d ! knees4 #b4 ,/raight5 ! knees1 jab ! po9t ( ! bayonet upw>d into ! ?roat or "u ! *9 ( ! oppon5t--*iefly by a body movem5t4 #c4 ,)drawal4 #d4 ,c>ry ! rifle =w>d ) ! left h&1 grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock ) ! "r4 #e4 ,resume gu>d4 ,rememb] 9 ! fir/ motion to h ! h&s at lea/ #d in*es ap>t4 #g4 ,butt sw+--butt /rike--out4--#a4 ,sw+ ! butt up at ! oppon5t's ribs1 =e>ms1 etc41 us+ a full arm bl[1 br++ ! rifle to a horizontal position ov] ! left %\ld]1 butt to ! front4 #b4 ,advance ! re> foot1 & da% ! butt into ! oppon5t's face4 #c4 ,advance ! re> foot & at ! same "t sla% ! bayonet d[n on ! oppon5t's head or neck4 #d4 ,resume ! gu>d4 7,! easie/ gu>d to a sw+ at ! crot* is simply to get ! left knee 9 ! oppon5t's "r47 ,e4 ,,progressive ,,ex]cises3 #a4 ,! class works 9 pairs ) scabb>ds on bayonets4 ,"o man alt]nately 9 ea* pair signals2 ! o!r promptly executes ! movem5t1 at ! t>get1 designat$ by ! signal4 ,! foll[+ signals are sugge/$3 ,! h&1 plac$ aga9/ ! body1 indicates ! t>get4 ,long po9t--,back ( h& outw>d4 ,%ort po9t--,palm ( h& outw>d4 ,jab po9t--,h& horizontal aga9/ *91 palm d[n4 ,high port--,fi/ aga9/ left brea/4 ,p>ry "r 7left7--,h& wav$ to "r 7left74 ,butt sw+--,fi/ aga9/ crot*4 ,butt /rike--,fi/ aga9/ jaw4 ,in/ead ( signals1 ?ru/+ /icks are !n us$4 ,^! are /rong w&s hav+ a padd+ ( pap] & burlap ov] "o end & a rope r+ ti$ to ! o!r4 ,po9ts & butt sw+s are execut$ at ! padd+ & r+s1 respectively1 z ^! are pres5t$4 ,! man hold+ ! /ick mu/ rememb] to /& to "o side ( ! man ) ! bayonet4 #b4 ,,z ,,9 ,,fir/ ,,ex]cise4--,"o man ?ru/s ) a /ick3 ! o!r p>ries4 #c4 ,,?ru/s ,,are ,,practic$ ,,at ,,dummies1 fir/ f a di/ance ( five feet1 !n by advanc+ two paces or m4 ,to simulate fight+ conditions1 a frame is !n arrang$ 9 :i* dummies are slung on ropes pass$ ov] pullies1 & s manipulat$ t z ! man )draws 8 bayonet f "o dummy ano!r sw+s at1 him f a diff]5t direction4 #d4 ,z ,,soon ,,z ,,pr(ici5cy ,,has ,,be5 ,,ga9$ 9 ! above ex]cises1 ! assault practice is tak5 up4 a4 ,a c\rse is laid out z foll[s3 7#a7 ,a fire tr5* ab\t #fj y>ds long1 well revett$4 7#b7 #bj y>ds 9 front ( ! tr5*1 smoo? wire entanglem5ts4 7#c7 #ae y>ds fur!r1 ano!r tr5*1 p>allel to ! fir/1 #fj y>ds long1 #d feet deep & #d feet wide4 ,9 ?is tr5* prone dummies are plac$1 "o p] y>d4 7#d7 #ae y>ds fur!r1 #fj dummies1 hung on frames1 p>allel to ! tr5*es4 7#e7 #ae y>ds fur!r1 a hurdle #d feet high & #fj y>ds long1 p>allel to ! tr5*es4 7#f7 #aj y>ds fur!r1 a l[ trip wire1 /ret*$ p>allel to ! tr5*es4 7#g7 #aj y>ds fur!r1 #fj dummies1 hung on frames1 p>allel to ! tr5*es4 7#h7 #ae y>ds fur!r1 a l>ge tr5*1 #fj y>ds long1 #f feet deep1 #aj feet wide1 conta9+ #fj prone dummies1 #a p] y>d4 b4 ,proc$ure3 ,ea* platoon1 9 turn1 ent]s ! fir/ tr5* at skirmi% int]vals1 bayonets fix$4 ,on signal1 all move out at a walk1 guid+ c>efully 9 l9e on a lead] previ\sly designat$4 ,aft] pass+ ea* ob/acle1 ! l9e is aga9 c>efully =m$4 ,on ea* ( ! sw++ dummies "o ( ! sev5 movem5ts ( ! manual is us$2 a long or %ort po9t is us$ on ea* prone dummy4 ,all g d[n into ! la/ tr5* toge!r1 ) a good l\d yell1 po9t ( ! bayonet level ) ! toe1 & l& on ! dummies 9 ! bottom1 /abb+ z !y l&4 ,?is c\rse %\ld be repeat$ sev]al times at quick "t1 !n at d\ble "t1 & f9ally at a run4 ,rememb] t 9 ! advance ! rifle is c>ri$ at high port4 #e4 ,,combat ,,ex]cises 7to be us$ 9 conjunction ) ! assault practice73 a4 ,equipm5t = ea* man3 ,?ru/+ /ick or o!r wood5 rod ) wood5 ball or ?ick padd+ cov]+ "o end4 7,old rifles ) spr+-bayonets are ev5 bett]47 ,pla/ron4 ,baseball mask4 ,pair ( broadsword or s+le /ick gloves4 b4 ,proc$ure3 ,! class is =m$ 9 two l9es ( ab\t equal numb]s1 fac+ ea* o!r1 ab\t fifty paces ap>t1 ) int]vals 9 ea* l9e ( ab\t two paces4 ,a lead] is designat$ = ea* l9e4 ,! in/ructor /&s at "o end ( ! space betwe52 an assi/ant at ! o!r end4 ,on ! in/ructor's :i/le1 ! l9es advance1 guid+ c>efully on _! lead]s4 ,:5 ab\t t5 paces ap>t1 !y *>ge1 ea* seek+ to break & roll up ! oppos+ l9e4 ,/icks are c>ri$ & us$ z rifles ) bayonets fix$4 ,any o!r use disqualifies4 ,use ( ! butt is b>r$4 ,"o ?ru/ on ! pla/ron or mask1 or two hits on ! extremities1 disables ! recipi5t1 :o mu/ promptly retire--or be retir$4 ,! combat cont9ues until ! second :i/le1 bl[n n m ?an #cj seconds aft] contact2 :5 !y cease fight+ promptly1 sep>ate1 & =m z be=e4 c4 ,criticism3 ,aft] ea* combat1 ! in/ructor w criticize ! mann] ( advance & ( fight+1 especially ! alignm5t kept 9 ! advance & ! team "w 9 combat1 & ! advantage tak5 ( oppon5ts' mi/akes4 ,he c\nts ! casualties & aw>ds ! decision4 ,he mu/ cont9ually urge ! m5 nev] to lag beh9d nor advance ahead ( ! l9e1 nev] to all[ l>ge gaps to occur 9 ! l9e1 & always to seize ! advantage giv5 by oppon5ts :o disreg>d ^! pr9ciples4 d4 ,! t]ra9 = ?is ex]cise %\ld be frequ5tly v>i$4 ,x may also be conduct$ at night1 ! oppos+ sides be+ cle>ly di/+ui%$4,q ,footnote ,q3 ,! la/ ex]cise 0 devis$ & p]fect$ by ,m4 ,jules ,leslabay1 ,ma/] ( ,f5c+1 ,h>v>d ,r4,o4,t4,c41 #aiag4 ,x is m completely describ$ 9 8 ,manual ( ,bayonet ,tra9+4 ,ma*9e ,guns4 #a4 ,prop]ties ( ! ma*9e guns are divid$ into ?ree g5]al classes3 ,mode ( action1 fire1 & inconspicu\sness4 7a7 ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,action4--,! ma*9e gun act+ only by its fire c prep>e an attack or repulse an (f5sive movem5t1 b x does n conqu] gr\nd4 ,! latt] role is almo/ exclusively t ( infantry :i* is fitt$ = cross+ all ob/acles4 ,:5 x w suffice to act by fire1 employ ! ma*9e gun 9 pref]5ce to infantry1 pres]v+ ! latt] = ! comb9$ action ( movem5t & fire4 ,by ! employm5t ( ! ma*9e gun economize infantry1 res]v+ a m consid]able portion ( x = manoeuvre purposes4 7b7 ,,fire4--,ma*9e gun fire produces a %ea?1 d5se1 deep b n>r[4 ,! increase ( ! wid? ( ! sweep+ fire gives to ! %ea? a great] bread?1 b :5 ! d5sity becomes insuffici5t1 ! effect produc$ is v weak4 ,ma*9e gun fire w h its maximum p[] ^u an objective ( n>r[ front & great dep?4 ,) ! infantry fight+ normally 9 ?9 l9es ! prec$+ conditions w g5]ally only be realiz$ :5 ^! l9es are tak5 9 ! flank4 ,! fire ( ! ma*9e gun p>allel to ! probable front ( ! enemy--a flank+ fire--mu/ !re=e be ! rule4 ,! fire p]p5dicul> to ! front w be employ$ g5]ally on c]ta9 necess>y po9ts ( passage z1 bridges1 roads1 defiles1 cuts1 roadways1 communicat+ tr5*es1 etc41 :]e ! enemy is g5]ally =c$ to take a deep =mation ) a n>r[ front1 or :]e he is 9 mass$ =mation4 7c7 ,,inconspicu\sness4--,by reason ( its small /r5g? ! ma*9e gun section c utilize ! smalle/ cov]1 & c consequ5tly hide f ! enemy2 ! ma*9e gun !re=e1 m ?an ! infantry1 has ! *ance to act by surprise4 ,! op5+ ( ! fire by surprise w be ! rule2 ! ma*9e gun w avoid reveal+ itself ^u objectives n wor? ! tr\ble4 ,flank action & surprise are ! two conditions to try = "u all circum/ances4 #b4 ,,(f5sive ,,re9=cem5t ,,( ,a ,,front ,,mom5t>ily ,,/ation>y4--,! ma*9e guns assi/$ by small elem5ts ( infantry cov] ?or\ghly ! gett+ 9 h& ( ! ma9 body1 ! ma*9e guns pres5t+ to ! enemy a l9e ( little vuln]ability4 ,! ma*9e guns assi/ 9 secur+ ! possession ( ! gr\nd previ\sly tak51 & w p]mit "t to prep>e = ! resumption ( ! =w>d movem5t4 ,prep>ation ( ! attack--ma*9e gun fire completes ! prep>ation done by ! artill]y1 ei!r by act+ on ! p]sonnel or by op5+ brea*es 9 ! access>y def5ses4 ,at times ! ma*9e guns alone may be *>g$ ) ! prep>ation ( ! attack :]e x is necess>y to act v quickly z 9 pursuit1 exploitation ( a success4 ,:atev] ! situation1 conc5trate ! ma*9e gun fire on "o or sev]al po9ts4 ,ma*9e guns cov] ! flanks ( attack+ troops4 ,!y foll[ ! advance ( ^! troops rema9+ on ! flanks1 s z to be able to fire in/antly on all po9ts f :i* an attack might come4 ,ma*9e guns w likewise be employ$ 9 int]vals creat$ int5tionally or accid5tally betwe5 units4 ,x is "h a p[]ful weapon :i* c rapidly be put into action by ! ,comm&]4 ,! p]sonnel & mat]ial mu/ be protect$ z f> z possible f ! effects ( fire4 #c4 ,,def5sive4--,x is "h t ! flank+ fire is especially necess>y4 ,9 ! def5sive prep>ation ( a position ! ma*9e guns mu/ be s plac$ t !y w provide along ! front sev]al successive fire b>ri]s4 ,! ma*9e guns mu/ be ready at all times to /op by in/antane\s fire all ho/ile attack4 ,9 ord] to h ma*9e gun protection at all1 x is absolutely necess>y t !y be protect$ f bomb>dm5t4 ,?is is be/ done by ! foll[+3 ,place ! ma*9e guns "u solid cov]2 make _! emplacem5t invisible2 e*elon ! ma*9e guns 9 dep?4 ,! cov] mu/ be plac$ :]e x c be hidd5 f ! sight ( ! enemy1 su* z a c\nt] slope1 a position :]e x is impossible to bl5d x1 relief ) an acc5tuat$ slope ( ! gr\nd1 woods1 bru%1 etc4 ,x is ess5tial t ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! ma*9e gun casemate be prep>$ 9 ! re>4 ,only 9 ?is mann] w ! "w be done solidly & rapidly4 ,:ile ! ma*9e gunn]s & help]s d ! excavat+1 speciali/s 9 re> prep>e ! p>ts = assembl+4 ,! latt] are !n transport$ to ! position &1 ! casemate is e/abli%$1 hid+ ! "w ) ! greate/ c>e f enemy obs]vation4 ,rememb] t x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! ma*9e gun be invisible1 s ! fir+ emplacem5ts mu/ be made outside ( ! %elt]1 b ne> en\gh = ! gun to be br\ght out in/antly & put into action4 ,all communicat+ tr5*es lead+ to ! fir+ emplacem5t mu/ be conceal$4 ,en\gh emplacem5ts %\ld be built to avoid fir+ daily f ! emplacem5ts especially res]v$ = cases ( attack4 ,d n place too _m ma*9e guns 9 ! fir/ l9e2 9 case ( a viol5t bomb>dm5t !y are sure to be de/roy$4 ,! object to be atta9$ is to in/all ! ma*9e guns 9 conditions su* t if ! enemy p5etrates our fir/ l9e1 by aid ( 8 bomb>dm5t or asphyxiat+ gas1 8 infantry1 z x advances1 comes "u ! fire ( ma*9e guns e*elon$ previ\sly 9 dep?1 "u ^: fire x mu/ /op4 ,x is n a matt] ( sweep+ a wide sector1 b ( giv+ ov] c]ta9 /rips ( gr\nd flank+ fire :i* w cut d[n surely ! enemy's waves :5 !y pu% =w>d4 ,! comm&] %\ld1 !re=e1 divide betwe5 ! fir/ l9e & ! t]ra9 9 re>1 ! ma*9e guns :i* he controls1 organiz+ = ea* p>ticul> case a fir+ emplacem5t 9 accord ) ! surr\nd+ gr\nd & ! purpose 9 view4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,= ,,in/allation4 ,ma*9e gunn]s mu/ "u no circum/ances ab&on _! positions4 ,!y mu/1 :5 necess>y1 all[ !mselves to be surr\nd$ & def5d !mselves 9 _! place to ! end4 ,9 _m cases ! h]oism & t5acity ( a few ma*9e gunn]s h p]mitt$ ! rapid retak+ ( a lo/ position4 ,to provide = ?is resi/ance to a f9i%1 ! ma*9e gun emplacem5ts mu/ fulfil ! foll[+ conditions3 #a4 ,be surr\nd$ by a wire entanglem5t ( irregul> trace & z invisible z possible4 #b4 ,9 ! enclosure ?us creat$ hav+ sev]al fir+ emplacem5ts1 9 case "o or m becomes useless4 #c4 ,! p]sonnel mu/ h all ! means = protection aga9/ gas & h 9 addition rations1 wat] & abundant ammunition4 ,,employm5t ,,( ,,fire ,,& ,,in/ruction4 ,! m graz+ ! fire ( a ma*9e gun ! m effective x is4 ,?is causes ! pr9cipal employm5t ( ! ma*9e gun to be at di/ances :]e ! trajectory is flatte/1 t is "u #hjj or #a1jjj y>ds4 ,h[ev]1 ! ef=t to obta9 a graz+ fire mu/ n exclude long di/ance fire4 ,?is latt] w always be ju/ifi$ :5 direct$ ^u important objectives1 or necess>y po9ts ( passage4 ,= ?is fire to h "s efficacy1 x is necess>y to calculate ! range ) ! greate/ precision4 ,on ! def5sive indirect fire w be employ$ sometimes to annoy ! supply1 reliefs1 etc4 ,to give results1 great quantities ( ammunition w h to be exp5d$4 ,all ( ! (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s & z _m m5 z possible mu/ be capable ( fir+ ! ma*9e gun1 s t at ! "t ( an attack no gun w rema9 idle = want ( p]sonnel4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ess5tial to keep up ! tra9+ ( ! p]sonnel by hav+ !m fire at lea/ twice a mon?1 &1 if possible1 once a week4 ,,resume4 ,ma*9e guns mu/ be utiliz$ 9 ! greate/ measure 9 ord] to economize ! infantry4 ,seek to employ !m always 9 a1 flank fire4 ,conceal !m s z to get surprise fire4 ,e*elon !m & %elt] !m s z to avoid _! premature de/ruction4 ,,po9ts ,,be=e ,,fir+4 #a4 ,?or\ghly ov]haul ! gun to see t no "p is defici5t1 & t ! me*anism works freely4 #b4 ,see t ! b>rel is clean & dry4 #c4 ,see t ! b>rel m\?piece is tight4 #d4 ,see t small hole 9 gas regulator is to ! re>4 #e4 ,?or\ghly oil all work+ p>ts1 especially ! cam slot & ext]ior ( ! bolt1 & ! /rik] po/ & pi/on4 #f4 ,weigh & adju/ ! ma9spr+4 #g4 ,see t ! m\nt+ is firm4 #h4 ,exam9e ! magaz9es & ammunition4 #i4 ,see t ! sp>e p>ts & oil res]ve are h&y4 ,,po9ts ,,dur+ ,,fir+ #a4 ,dur+ a tempor>y cessation ( fire1 re-oil all work+ p>ts4 #b4 ,replace a p>tly empti$ magaz9e ) a full "o4 #c4 ,exam9e ! m\nt+ to see t x is firm4 #d4 ,see t empty magaz9es are refill$ )\t delay4 ,,po9ts ,,aft] ,,fir+4 #a4 ,unload4 #b4 ,oil ! bore & *amb]1 pi/on rod & gas cyl9d]4 #c4 ,sort out live r\nds f empty cases4 #d4 ,see t ma9spr+ is eas$4 #e4 ,?or\ghly clean & oil ! gun on return+ to qu>t]s4 ,clean ! bore daily = sev]al days4 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance t ! po9ts be=e1 dur+1 & aft] fir+1 %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to z o!rwise ! numb] ( /oppages w be unnecess>ily increas$4 ,n9e out ( t5 /oppages are due to want ( c>e4 ,imm$iate action mu/ become in/9ctive & automatic4 ,gr5ade ,in/ruction4 ,,introduction4--,w>1 z x is be+ f\ght on ! we/]n front1 has br\ght to light _m new weapons2 b no o!r weapon t ?is /ruggle has br\ght =? exce$s ! gr5ade 9 importance4 ,x is n a new weapon1 b its pres5t importance is entirely new4 ,its ext5sive use has gr[n out ( conditions on ! we/]n front2 conditions :i* h nev] be5 se5 previ\s to ?is w>4 ,! fact t armies h tak5 to digg+ !mselves 9 has necessitat$ ! use ( "s o!r weapon ?an ! rifle4 ,! rifle ) its flat trajectory is ( little use aga9/ an enemy :o is completely hidd5 f view & :o c g on exi/+ "u gr\nd4 ,h5ce ! rev]sion to ! anci5t gr5ade--b ) all its mod]n improvem5ts4 ,! gr5ade has %[n itself to be ! weapon t c solve ! problem ( seek+ out an enemy :o is "u gr\nd2 its trajectory is high & its fire is plung+1 s t x c be ?r[n f a place ( concealm5t & protection & into a place equally well conceal$ f ord9>y view4 ,! importance ( ! gr5ade may be judg$ f its ext5sive use by bo? ! ,allies & ! ,g]mans2 & also by ! =mations n[ adopt$ by bo? ,briti% & ,fr5* armies = ! purpose ( exploit+ its use4 ,9 a ,briti% ,battalion ! normal p]c5tage ( exp]t bomb]s is #be4 ,9 ! ,fr5* ,company #cf p] c5t ( ! m5 are devot$ to gr5ade "w4 ,a gr5ade has be5 def9$ z a sl[ mov+1 high trajectory missile conta9+ high explosive & explod+ by contact or "t fuse4 ,gr5ades may be divid$ r\ghly into two classes--#a1 h& gr5ades1 & #b1 rifle gr5ades1 & ea* ( ^! classes may be subdivid$ z reg>ds means ( explosion1 into #a1 "t fuse1 or #b1 p]cussion gr5ades4 ,among ! "t-fuse h& gr5ades may be m5tion$ ! ,mills ,no4 #e1 ,/okes bomb1 smoke bombs1 fumite bombs1 etc4 ,! ,mills is easily ! mo/ important & has come to be ! /&>d adopt$ by ! ,allies4 ,! p]cussion gr5ade is little us$--! mo/ important among ^? ( ?is type is ! s-call$ mu%room1 nam$ f its %ape4 ,*ief among ! rifle gr5ades may be m5tion$ ! ,mills ,no4 #bc1 ! ,hale ,no4 #c & ! ,newton ,no4 #bd4 ,j z ! ,mills h& gr5ade has become ! /&>d1 s has ! ,mills rifle gr5ade atta9$ t pre-em95ce4 ,a m detail$ description ( ! v>i\s sorts ( gr5ades _c be attempt$ 9 ?is brief space2 b "o or two diagrams at ! close ( ! *apt] may s]ve to cl>ify ! subject to "s ext5t4 ,any c\rse 9 gr5ade tra9+ %\ld h a ?ree-fold purpose3 #a/4 ,to give ! individual a practical k ( ! work+ ( ! gr5ades 9 use4 #bnd4 ,to tea* him h[ to ?r[ !m4 #crd4 ,to make him acqua9t$ ) ! g5]al pr9ciples ( organization & ! execution ( a gr5ade attack1 ei!r z a sep>ate op]ation or z a "p ( a g5]al attack4 ,! "t sp5t on any su* c\rse ( tra9+ is a matt] to be settl$ 9 ! light ( local consid]ations2 b = purposes ( prelim9>y tra9+ ( a great numb] ( m5 a p]iod ( two weeks is usually suffici5t1 ) "t allott$ accord+ to "s su* plan z ?is3 7#a7 #aj sep>ate half-h\r sessions ( practice 9 ?r[+ f v>i\s positions & at ! v>i\s t>gets2 7#b7 #b h\rs ( /udy & a l am\nt ( "t sp5t 9 a conf]5ce = ! purpose ( cle>+ up matt]s t are hazy4 ,9 ?is brief "t 7only #i h\rs7 ! f\ndation may be laid = a m ?or\gh tra9+ ( ! speciali/s lat] on4 ,9 any su* c\rse ! use ( dummy gr5ades %\ld always prec$e ! use ( any live ones2 & m5 %\ld be taught caution above all o!r ?+s4 ,?is is a po9t easily lo/ sight ( :5 m5 are us+ only dummies2 b x is well wor? rememb]+1 = obvi\s reasons4 ,,fir/3 ,,giv+ ,,! ,,individual ,a ,,practical ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,work+ ,,( ,,! ,,gr5ades ,,9 ,,use4--,! diff]5ces 9 ! con/ruction & ! uses ( h& & rifle gr5ades %\ld be br\ght out cle>ly4 ,! v>i\s sorts ( gr5ades %\ld be expla9$ & m5 %\ld n =get ! importance ( kn[+ ! gr5ades ( ! enemy z well z our own4 ,?is k may "o day prove ( no little importance4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 ! ,mills ,no4 #e is ! /&>d among h& gr5ades ( ! ,allies4 ,x con=ms to ! g5]al description ( h& gr5ades2 i4e41 x is an egg-%ap$ projectile1 m or less holl[1 & load$ ) a *>ge ( explosive4 ,besides ?is x has an app>atus = sett+ (f ! bur/+ *>ge4 ,x weighs #a p\nd #e ounces approximately1 & #d ounces ( ?is is high explosive4 ,! %ell be+ ( s]rat$ ca/-iron1 an explosion w scatt] a sort ( %rapnel ov] an area equal to ?ree times ! height4 ,no m ne$ be said ( ! effectiv5ess ( su* a weapon4 ,among rifle gr5ades ! ,mills is also ! /&>d m or less1 al?\gh ! ,fr5* make great use ( a rifle gr5ade t fits ov] ! muzzle ( ! rifle1 fir$ by ball c>tridge1 9 contra/ to ! ,mills ,no4 #bc1 :i* has a rod runn+ d[n ! b>rel ( ! rifle & :i* is propell$ by ! explosion ( a blank c>tridge4 ,! maximum range ( ?is gr5ade ) a #e-a_/b-;in* /em is #abj y>ds1 ! gun be+ fir$ at an angle ( #de degrees4 ,! ,newton ,improv$ 7a rifle gr5ade :i* explodes on contact7 has a range ( #bej y>ds2 ! ,hale ,no4 #c also explodes on contact & has a range ( #bjj-bbe y>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #g ,,second3 ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,?r[+4--,z previ\sly /at$ ! use ( dummy gr5ades %\ld prec$e ! use ( any live ones4 ,due precautions %\ld be tak5 at all times1 ev5 :5 work+ ) dummy gr5ades1 = a habit ( c>elessness is n to be tol]at$ ) ?is sort ( weapon4 ,m5 %\ld be in/ruct$ to ?r[ f /&+1 kneel+ & prone positions2 al?\gh ?is la/-nam$ position is little us$4 ,di/ance is important b ,,accuracy ,,is ,,ess5tial4 ,m5 %\ld always be taught to ?r[ at a def9ite t>get1 ev5 :5 ?r[+ 9 ! op5 dur+ prelim9>y "w4 ,! m5 may "w 9 gr\ps1 "o gr\p ?r[+ & ! o!r return+4 ,?is me?od keeps all h&s occupi$ & furni%es a m$ium = a little competition1 :i* is a v helpful ?+ 9 tra9+ ( ?is sort4 ,a manual ( ! foll[+ sort may be ( use 9 acquir+ ! prop] sort ( ?r[4 #a4 ,pick up ! gr5ade ) ! left h&4 #b4 ,prep>e to ?r[--face to ! "r & transf] ! gr5ade to ! "r h&4 #c4 ,take aim--left h& & arm ext5d$ up & /raight t[>d ! t>get1 "r h& & arm beh9d ! ?r[] 9 ! same plane z ! left4 #d4 ,)draw p9 ) left h&4 #e4 ,?r[--use a /raight ov]head motion & d n b5d ! arm at ! elb[4 ,x is n a baseball ?r[4 ,! t5d5cy = mo/ ( u ,am]icans is to foll[ a p]fectly natural habit--try to use ! baseball ?r[4 ,?is is to be disc\rag$ = sev]al reasons1 ! *ief "o be+ t ! gr5ade weighs ab\t a p\nd & a half1 :]eas our baseball weighs only a ?ird ( ?is am\nt4 ,!n1 too1 x (t5 happ5s 9 ! tr5*es t a gr5ade duel w la/ = h\rs4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! la/ gr5ade may decide ! issue & endurance w be a mighty tell+ factor4 ,h5ce1 ! insi/5ce ^u ! ov]head ?r[4 ,! prelim9>y ?r[+ %\ld take place 9 ! op5 b always ) a def9ite t>get1 an outl9e ( a section ( tr5* be+ ! be/ sort ( t>get4 ,ano!r excell5t idea is to h a t>get arrang$ accord+ to ! diagram %[n h]e) & to keep score4 ,?is proc$ure w also add inc5tive = competition & w produce results4 ,aft] m5 h ?r[n 9 ! op5 = a suffici5t p]iod1 !y %\ld proce$ to ! next /age3 ,?is is ! /age ( ?r[+ 9 a cage or f beh9d & ov] ob/acles4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct phases ( ?is feature ( ! tra9+3 7#a47 ,! ?r[] sees ! t>get b mu/ ?r[ ov] an ob/acle4 7#b47 ,! t>get is invisible2 ! ?r[] is aid$ by an obs]v] & a p]iscope2 ! obs]v] notes ! fall ( ! gr5ades & gives directions z foll[s--,s _m y>ds "r or left or ,%ort5 or l5g!n s _m y>ds4 7#c47 ,actual ?r[+ 9 tr5*es4 ,?is /age imm$iately prec$es t ( work+ up a tr5*4 ,,?ird3 ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,gr5ade ,,organization4--,m5 %\ld be giv5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( !oretical in/ruction z to ! composition ( ! armies n[ on ! we/]n front2 ?is 9 ord] t !y may see ! "p t gr5adi]s & bomb]s are play+ 9 ! /ruggle4 ,!y %\ld be %[n ! organization ( ! ,briti% ,infantry & h[ ! fir/ section ( ea* platoon is compos$ exclusively ( bomb]s &--rifle gr5adi]s2 !y %\ld also be taught h[ ! bomb]s & gr5adi]s are conc5trat$ 9 ! ,fr5* organization4 ,! typical bomb+ squad consi/s ( #g or #h m5 & a lead] :o take positions z foll[s3 #a & #b1 bayonet m52 #c1 fir/ ?r[]2 #d1 fir/ c>ri]2 #e1 lead]2 #f1 rifle bomb]2 #g1 second ?r[]2 #h1 second c>ri]2 #i1 rifle bomb]4 ,"o ( ^! bayonet m5 may be res]v$ to act z a snip]4 ,! lead] acts z an obs]v] & directs ! "w ( ! bomb]s4 ,! rifle bomb]s outrange ! ho/ile bomb]s & also af=d protection on ! flanks4 ,e man mu/ be taught 8 job & mu/ be ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 ! "w ( ! squad z a :ole 9 ord] t ea* man may be able to fill any position & t !re may be p]fect teamwork4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #h ,,po9ts ,,to ,,rememb]4 #a4 ,m5 %\ld always h a def9ite t>get = _! ?r[+--an outl9e ( a tr5* is usually to be pref]r$4 #b4 ,caution 9 h&l+ gr5ades %\ld be made a habit4 #c4 ,accuracy is ess5tial4 #d4 ,tra9+ %\ld be progressive1 bo? = m5 & organizations4 #e4 ,keep up competition among ! m52 rivalry w increase practice & m5 w ?r[ gr5ades = recreation4 ,?is w get results4 ,let two m5 ?r[ at ea* o!r4 ,a good %ot w make ! o!r man move4 #f4 ,insi/ ^u ! /raight ov]head ?r[4 ,x is less tiresome & :5 develop$ prop]ly w give equal accuracy ) any o!r me?od4 #g4 ,teamwork 9 a bomb+ squad is ess5tial4 #h4 ,"u new me?ods ( w>f>e e infantryman is a bomb]2 b speciali/s mu/ be tra9$4 #i4 ,(fic] mu/ be a real lead] & ! be/ fight] 9 8 platoon4 #aj4 ,qualification te/s %\ld be arrang$ & ! bett] qualifi$ m5 tak5 = special tra9+ 9 ?is art4 ,,*apt] #e4 ,map ,sket*+4 ,map sket*+ is an important factor 9 tr5* w>f>e to-day z x is 9 a w> ( movem5t4 ,a fairly accurate map w indicate m ?an _m words & 9 mu* less "t4 ,"t is ! great factor 9 w>4 ,in/ruction mu/ also be rapid4 ,"h are t5 lessons :i* w\ld occupy a week if tak5 morn+ & aft]noon4 ,! aim ( ! in/ruction z 9 company rifle %oot+ is to tra9 _m m5 to d a satisfactory job1 n to make a few f9i%$ topograph]s4 ,neatness1 accuracy & initiative are c>d9al po9ts4 ,= ! in/ructor1 ref]5ce %\ld be made to ,grieves' ,milit>y ,sket*+ & ,map ,read+1 #bnd edition1 if he desires to supplem5t any po9ts giv5 "h4 ,,lesson #a4 7,,class ,,room--,,f\r ,,h\rs47 ,problem--,map ,read+4 ,/udy ! conv5tional signs f\nd 9 ! ,manual = ,non-commission$ ,(fic]s & ,privates ( ,infantry ( ! ,army ( ! ,u4,s41 #aiag1 page #bgc1 or 9 ,grieves1 pages #bh-ce4 ,^! conv5tional signs are n univ]sal & mu/ be us$ only z indications ( ! g5]al practice4 ,9 map sket*+ 9 ! field few conv5tional signs are us$1 & ! items ( importance are writt5 on ! map1 su* z ,,woods1 ,,cultivat$1 ,,h$ge1 ,,swamp1 etc4 ,,tak+ ,,up ,,map ,,scales4--,!re are ?ree ways ( indicat+ ! relation betwe5 ! actual di/ance on ! gr\nd & ! space ! same di/ance occupies on ! map3 #a4 ,! graphic scale is a /raight l9e divid$ into units1 z miles1 y>ds1 feet or met]s1 :i* repres5ts ! actual gr\nd di/ance4 ,?us if #f #a mile ! l9e w\ld be six in*es long & m>k$ at "o end & #a mile at ! o!r1 ?ree in*es be+ m>k$ #a_/b mile1 etc4 ,x is important to always h ?is graphic scale on a map s t if ! pap] gets wet or is /ret*$ f its orig9al size ! scale w *ange 9 ! same proportion4 #b4 ,a ,/atem5t 9 words or figures1 e4g41 #c in*es equal "o mile1 mean+ t #c in*es measur$ any:]e on ! map repres5t #a mile on ! actual gr\nd4 #c4 ,! ,repres5tative ,fraction 7g5]ally kn[n abbreviat$ z ,r4,f47 hav+ a numb] above ! l9e t %[s ! unit l5g? on ! map & bel[ ! l9e ! numb] ( units :i* are 9 ! correspond+ actual gr\nd di/ance4 ,= example1 if #a #a mile1 !n ! ,r4,f4 is3 #a 7map di/ance7 ----------------------------------- #fc1cfj 7#a mile--gr\nd di/ance7 if #c #a mile ! ,r4,f4 is3 #c 7map di/ance7 #a ----------------------------------- or ------- #fc1cfj 7#a mile--gr\nd di/ance7 #baabj if #f #a mile3 #f #a -------- or ------- #fccfj #ajefj if #ab #a mile3 #ab #a --------- or ------ #fccfj #ebhj ,9 read+ a map "o mu/ "k ! scale & also :]e ! ,nor? is4 ,?is is always indicat$ by an arr[ po9t+ ei!r to ! magnetic ,nor? or ! true ,nor?4 ,if to ! magnetic ,nor? ! ne$le w h b "o b>b away f ! true ,nor?4 ,! angle betwe5 ! magnetic & ! true ,nor? is ! decl9ation4 ,plac+ ! map 9 prop] relation to ! gr\nd s t po9ts ( ! compass co9cide on map & gr\nd is call$ ori5t+ ! map4 ,9 map "w !re is "o vital po9t to rememb]2 practically all ! gr\nd surface is 9 its pres5t =m z a result ( wat] action #a4 ,look = ! wat] c\rses1 t is ! dra9age sy/em4 ,x w give ! g5]al slope ( ! l&4 #b4 ,look = ! high po9ts betwe5 ! wat] c\rses1 rememb]+ t !re is always a valley !n a hill !n a valley aga9 cont9u$ 9 succession4 #c4 ,f9ally locate t[ns1 railroads1 ma9 highways & "w d[n to ! m9or details4 ,9 measur+ a map to get ! actual di/ances on ! gr\nd1 copy ! graphic scale on any piece ( pap] & apply ?is directly or if y\r di/ances exce$ y\r scale use ! edge ( a piece ( pap] & !n apply x to ! graphical scale on ! map4 ,,lesson #b4 7,,field ,,"w--,,five ,,h\rs47 ,problem--,/ride ,scale ,map ,mak+4 ,produc+ a map f ! actual gr\nd requires c]ta9 in/rum5ts4 ,! second lesson takes up ! prep>ation ( ! /ride scale on ! alidade & ! diff]5t k9ds ( maps1 made 9 milit>y sket*+4 ,! alidade is a triangul> rul] ) "o or m work+ scales on x beside o!r measurem5ts4 ,! work+ scale is1 = infantry1 ! /ride or ! space ( gr\nd cov]$ f left foot to left foot aga9 9 walk+1 r$uc$ to ! prop] map di/ance4 ,?is v>ies ) individuals ( c\rse4 ,any scale ( units1 h[ev]1 c be us$ z1 horse trot1 telegraph poles1 etc4 ,! work+ scale = ea* man is made by hav+ him /ep (f a measur$ c\rse1 say #ddj y>ds4 ,! gr\nd %\ld n be too ev5 z a g5]al av]age is ne$$1 moreov] ! pace mu/ be ! natural gait ( ! individual "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,let him c\nt ! c\rse ?ree times !n av]age ! ?ree results = ! f9al e/imate4 ,n[ to conv]t ?is into a work+ scale = ! alidade made on a scale ( six in*es to ! mile2 take ! case ( a man :o takes #bbj /rides 9 #ddj y>ds3 #ddj y>ds #ae1hdj in*es #ae1hdj #bbj #gb1 or 8 /ride 9 in*es !n #hhj /rides #a mile or #f on ! scale4 ,x is bett] to h a scale ( #a1jjj /rides :i* is easily done by ! proportion3 #a1jjj /s4 3 #hhj /s4 3 3 x 3 #f x #f4h n[ draw a l9e #f4h in*es long & a diagonal l9e f x2 divide ?is diagonal l9e into #aj equal p>ts = ea* #ajj paces at any conv5i5t scale & draw a l9e f ! end ( ! t5? "p to ! end ( ! #f4h in*es l9e2 draw l9es p>allel to ?is l9e f ea* ( ! divisions4 ,! #f4h l9e is !n divid$ into #aj equal p>ts2 ea* ( ^! p>ts may be divid$ 9 ! same mann] into t5?s4 ,y\r scale is ready to be pa/$ or transf]r$ to ! alidade & ea* #f4h4 in*es on ! map w equal #a1jjj ( y\r /rides on ! gr\nd1 or ab\t #a-a_/ab miles 7#b1jjj y>ds74 ,!re are two g5]al classes ( sket*es3 #a4 ,,road ,,sket*4--,a trav]se 7pass+ ov]7 made along a def9ite r\t %[+ all features ( milit>y importance = a di/ance ( #bjj or #cjj y>ds on ea* side ( ! road4 ,a road sket* is always made on a scale ( #c in*es to #a mile4 #b4 ,,area ,,sket*4--,a map ( a def9ite locality4 ,!re are #c k9ds ( area sket*es accord+ to opportunity = obs]vation3 7a7 ,position ,sket*--:5 access may be _h to ! :ole area4 7b7 ,outpo/ ,sket*--:]e "p ( ! gr\nd mu/ be mapp$ )\t pass+ ov] x4 ,?is =m is applicable p>ticul>ly to tr5* w>f>e4 ,int]section & resection are us$ to locate po9ts )9 ! enemy's l9es4 7c7 ,place ,sket*--:5 sket* mu/ be made f "o po9t1 z :5 ! proximity ( ! enemy w\ld prev5t any movem5t2 z f tr5* obs]vation /ations1 etc42 also an elaboration ( ! l&scape or horizon sket* :i* is us$ ev]y:]e 9 ! tr5*es today4 ,f "o po9t an actual outl9e ( ! opposite tr5* & backgr\nd is made 9 p]spective1 ref]5ce po9ts on ! horizon be+ m>k$ on ! edge ( a pad at arm's l5g?4 ,^! m>ks are !n prolong$ on ! pap] & ! horizon is sket*$4 ,9 l mann] ! middle di/ance & ! =egr\nd come "u obs]vation & are put on 9 "o bel[ ! o!r4 ,"t mu/ be all[$ ! m5 to make _! /ride scales & to pa/e or transf] !m to _! alidades4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i ,,lesson #c4 7,,field ,,"w--,,five ,,h\rs47 ,! problem is to make a ,position ,sket* ab\t "o mile squ>e clos+ ! trav]se4 ,fir/ consid]+ ! sket* bo>d1 compass1 p5cils1 etc42 next ! ori5t+1 sight+ & pac+2 f9ally ! uses ( int]section & resection & 9 mak+ all[ance = error4 ,! sket* bo>d %\ld be ab\t #ab to #ah in*es squ>e1 be+ us$ ) or )\t a tripod4 ,a *eap cam]a tripod is excell5t4 ,! bo>d %\ld h a compass atta*$ s t x w rema9 9 ! same relative position on ! bo>d4 ,if iron ?umb tacks are us$ avoid gett+ !m too ne> ! compass4 ,a h>d p5cil mu/ be us$ to obta9 good results4 ,! pap] mu/ be smoo? & :]e possible cov]$ ) ano!r %eet fa/5$ on b "o side :i* w readily fold back :5 "o desires to "w on ! sket*4 ,by always plac+ ! bo>d s t ! compass reads ,nor? x w be ori5t$ correctly4 ,c>e mu/ be us$ :5 ne> electric wires or masses ( metal z automobiles1 railroad tracks1 etc41 :i* w attract ! ne$le f its true azimu? 7,n4 & ,s4 direction7 & ?us ?r[ (f ! :ole map4 ,9 su* cases x is f> bett] to back sight & use ! compass only at int]vals to v]ify ! sights4 ,?is br+s up ! matt] ( sight+4 ,x is important to make long %ots ?us r$uc+ ! am\nt ( individual error4 ,9 tak+ a sight+ po9t make sure x c be recogniz$ :5 rea*$ & make sure to look at ! rev]se side 9 ord] to recognize x 9 case ( back sight+ if necess>y4 ,always c>ry sev]al l>ge-head$ p9s us+ "o at y\r pres5t /ation & re/+ ! side ( ! alidade aga9/ x1 sw++ ! o!r end = sight+4 ,aft] sight+ & l9+ ! sight on y\r sket*1 /ep (f ev5ly to pace ! di/ance4 ,"t is always a factor 9 milit>y mapp+ & :]e possible make m5tal notes z y g along z to :]e roads or o!r important features are locat$1 s t y c place !m 9 _! prop] place on ! map :5 y h rea*$ ! next /ation4 ,x is well always to set a good pace = "h "t c be readily sav$4 ,mak+ an int]section is v simple4 ,= z ! sket*] moves along he ties 8 map toge!r by sight+ at any prom95t object ne> 8 area1 runn+ ^! l9es v lightly & only :]e he assumes ! po9ts to lie on 8 map4 ,an abbreviation on ! l9e or a numb] ref]r+ to a li/ (f to "o side w answ] to recall ! object4 ,at any o!r /ation :]e ! same po9t c be se5 a simil> l9e is drawn & :]e ! two l9es cross w be ! location ( ! object4 ,9 ! case ( ?ree l9es n cross+ at ! same po9t take ! middle ( ! triangle s =m$4 ,resection is j ! rev]se ( ?is process4 ,! mapp] wants to "k :]e he is locat$ on ! map4 ,if he is prop]ly ori5t$ & c aim at two po9ts on ! gr\nd :i* he has locat$ on ! map1 he places a p9 at "o ( ^! locations on ! map & aims ) ! alidade at ! object on ! gr\nd draw+ a l9e t[>ds himself2 ?is is repeat$ ) ! o!r kn[n po9t & :]e ! two l9es cross on ! map w be ! po9t he is /&+ at4 ,9 int]section ! greate/ accuracy is obta9$ by runn+ ! rays s z to meet z ne>ly z possible at "r angles4 ,9 runn+ a trav]se ! sket*] mu/ expect to f9d "s error at 8 clos+ po9t4 ,?is error mu/ be di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole trav]se s z n to h all ! error conc5trat$ at "o po9t4 ,,lesson #d4 7,,field ,,"w--,,f\r ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,make a simple sket*1 conta9+ topographical details us+ ! trav]se made dur+ ! prec$+ lesson4 ,use ( conv5tional signs %\ld be emphasiz$ & ! appreciation ( features ( milit>y importance impress$4 ,a t5d5cy is to put 9 details to a po9t ( confusion4 ,judgm5t mu/ be develop$ to *oose tell+ po9ts4 ,a %>p p5cil is always ne$$ 9 sket*+2 9 putt+ 9 ! topographical details special att5tion mu/ be giv5 to ! p5cil4 ,keep ! po9t %>p & make cle>1 di/9ct signs4 ,,lesson #e4 7,,class ,,room--,,f\r ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,cont\rs1 ! ,v]tical ,int]val1 ,use ( ! ,slope ,bo>d1 ,map ,di/ance1 ,visibility & ,pr(iles4 ,a cont\r is an imag9>y l9e on ! surface ( ! e>? all po9ts ( :i* h ! same elevation f a base or datum level1 sea level usually be+ ?is base4 ,slice an apple into pieces #a_/b-;in* ?ick2 :]e ! cuts come may repres5t ! cont\r l9es4 ,take ^! individual slices1 beg9n+ at ! bottom & outl9e !m on a %eet ( pap] ) a p5cil 7hav+ run a nail ?r\gh ! apple fir/ to keep ea* piece 9 place74 ,! result+ circles w repres5t ! apple's outl9e at #a_/b-;in* int]vals4 ,cont\rs are always at equal elevations f ea* o!r1 & ! ,v]tical ,int]val 7kn[n by ! abbreviation ,v4,i47 is ! measure betwe5 successive cont\r l9es4 ,9 milit>y maps ! ,v4,i4 is always ! same = ea* map scale3 #a in* to ! mile1 ! ,v4,i4 is #fj feet4 #c in* to ! mile1 ! ,v4,i4 is #bj feet4 #f in* to ! mile1 ! ,v4,i4 is #aj feet4 #ab in* to ! mile1 ! ,v4,i4 is #e feet4 ,note t ! ,v4,i4 *anges 9 proportion to ! scale1 a map on a #c in* to ! mile scale is #c times z l>ge z "o on a scale ( #a in* to ! mile1 :ile ! ,v4,i4 is #a_/c z great1 h5ce ! =m] %[s #c times z _m cont\rs z ! latt]4 ,map ,di/ance means ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 two cont\r l9es on a map & indicates a c]ta9 degree ( slope4 ,z ! scale increases ! ,v4,i4 decreases 9 proportion & ! ,m4,d4 !re=e rema9s ! same = ! same degree ( slope :atev] ! scale ( ! map4 ,by computation we f9d t a "o degree slope rises "o foot = e #eg4c feet horizontal di/ance1 s a "o degree slope w\ld h a #bj foot rise 9 #a1adf feet horizontal di/ance1 ?is di/ance equals 4#fe ( an in* on ! map if ! scale is #c to #a mile4 ,! t]m ,map ,di/ance is also loosely us$ to d5ote di/ance betwe5 po9ts z measur$ on ! map4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to di/+ui% betwe5 ^! two mean+s4 ,di/ances betwe5 cont\rs1 scale #c to #a mile3 #a_/b slope #a4c1 #a slope 4#fe1 #b slope 4#cb1 #c slope 4#bb4 ,^! di/ances are already on ! alidade & if y get a slope ( #b ) ! slope bo>d & h ! di/ance f y\r /ation on ! map to ! po9t ( aim ei!r by pac+1 int]section or resection1 apply ! ,m4,d4 scale z _m times z x w g4 ,?is w give ! numb] ( cont\r l9es cross+ ! trav]se & ! diff]5ce 9 elevation4 ,! spac+ ( ! cont\rs may n be ev5 betwe5 y\r /ation & ! po9t ( aim 9 :i* case ! position ( ! cont\rs mu/ be e/imat$ by eye4 ,if y\r elevation above ! datum or sea level is unkn[n at ! />t assume any elevation :i* is great en\gh to put ! datum l[] ?an ! l[e/ spot ( ! area to be sket*$4 ,! sket*+ bo>d is easily made to s]ve z a slope bo>d 9 ?is mann]4 ,hang a plumb bob ab\t an in* bel[ ! c5t] ( a /raight edge ( ! bo>d :ile po9t+ at ! horizon1 us+ ! back ( ! bo>d4 ,m>k a po9t #e4g directly bel[ & draw a semicircle ?r\gh x ) ! same radius4 ,n[ m>k ! po9t bel[ ! c5t] z]o & f x divide ! arc us+ *ords "o t5? ( an in* long4 ,?is w give a scale read+ 9 degrees4 ,by sight+ along ! top ( ! bo>d at "s object at ! height ( ! eye f ! gr\nd ! degree ( slope is %[n by ! plumb bob on ! scale bel[4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to prev5t ! w9d f di/urb+ ! read+4 ,a protractor may be us$ 9 ! same mann] by sight+ along ! top & us+ a plumb bob to record ! angle4 ,9 read+ maps x is important to "k :e!r po9ts are visible f ea* o!r due to int]v5+ ridges or o!r topographical features4 ,?is c be told by lay+ (f accurately ! di/ance on ! map betwe5 ! po9ts 9 "q & us+ z datum ! l[e/ ( ! #c po9ts1 !n draw v]tical l9es1 f ! #b high] po9ts1 mak+ !m 9 proportion to _! elevation ) any conv5i5t scale4 ,draw a l9e betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ po9ts &1 if ! int]v5+ v]tical cuts ?is l9e ! second po9t is n visible f ! fir/4 ,take = example1 two po9ts ,a & ,b1 #a1gfj y>ds ap>t1 by ! map1 ,a #ejj feet & ,b #dej feet above sea level1 ! int]v5+ po9t ,c is #dge feet above sea level & #ejj y>ds f ,b4 ,z ,b is ! l[e/ we w call its elevation z]o or at datum1 !n elevation ( ,a is #ej feet & ,c #be feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj ,ano!r me?od ( decid+ visibility is by proportion4 ,measure ! di/ance betwe5 ! ?ree po9ts ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 & obta9 _! elevations above ! datum 7l[e/ ( ! #c7 & us+ simil> triangles4 ,take ! same case z above1 lett+ ,x repres5t ! po9t above :i* ! view is cle> at #a1bfj y>ds f po9t ,a1 ! l9e ( sight passes ?r\gh ?is po9t4 #agfj 7,a--,b7 3 #ejj 7,b--,c7 3 3 #ej 7elev4 ,a7 3 ,x solv+1 ,x #ad4b ,n[1 s9ce ! gr\nd at po9t ,c is #be feet above ! base & ! l9e ( sight passes )9 #ad4b feet ( ! base at ?is place1 an obs]v] at ,a is unable to see ,b4 ,! matt] ( pr(il+ is v simple4 ,m]ely m>k :]e ! cont\rs cut ! edge ( a piece ( co-ord9ate pap] & ext5d ! prop] elevations1 !n pass a l9e ?r\gh ^! po9ts1 rememb]+ t ! surface ( ! gr\nd has a natural curve4 ,,lesson #f4 7,,field ,,"w--,,five ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,by use ( ! slope scale on ! sket* bo>d & ! cont\r int]val scale on ! alidade1 ea* man w secure v]tical data on ! flat sket* made 9 ! f\r? lesson4 ,c]ta9 critical elevations w be det]m9$ & m>k$ ) r$ flags be=e h&4 ,! elevations ( two po9ts on ! gr\nd w be furni%$1 "o z ! datum & ! o!r z a *eck4 ,draw 9 cont\rs ( ?is sket* ) ! help ( dra9age l9es & elevations already secur$4 ,! *ief po9ts to be consid]$ are to take slopes f po9ts e/abli%$ on ! sket*2 to take sev]al sights & av]age ! angle ( slope2 to prop]ly lay (f ! elevation by us+ ! slope scale on ! alidade2 & f9ally to put 9 ! cont\rs along ^! l9es ( sight on ! spot ?us all[+ = diff]5ce 9 topography betwe5 ! po9t ( sight & ! /ation f :i* ! elevation is tak54 ,c>eful note mu/ be made ( ! dra9age sy/ems z ^! are ! keynotes to ! sket* & f9ally ! cont\rs are connect$ toge!r1 keep+ 9 m9d always t no cont\r /ops unless x makes a clos$ curve or goes (f ! map4 ,rememb] also t cont\rs make f+]s po9t+ up /ream & are blunt ar\nd hill sides4 ,cont\rs cross /reams to opposite po9ts & break at roads1 cont9u+ on ! o!r side4 ,uni=m slopes h equally-spac$ cont\rs4 ,d n try to measure e slope1 two int]sect+ elevation sights on a hill w *eck ! height4 ,put ! int]v5+ cont\rs 9 by eye4 ,,lesson #g4 7,,classroom--,,f\r ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,complet+ ! map sket* previ\sly made & mak+ a l&scape sket*4 ,x is important to complete a map & no matt] h[ good x is1 if c]ta9 po9ts are omitt$1 ! value ( ! "w is v mu* decreas$4 ,! sket*] mu/ cle> ! sket* ( all unnecess>y l9es & notes & make 8 lett]+ cle> on ! map4 ,be sure t ! foll[+ items are on ! sket* be=e x is turn$ 94 #a4 ,location ( ! gr\nd %[n4 #b4 ,l9e ( magnetic nor? %[n by an arr[1 & if decl9ation is kn[n1 ! true nor? also4 #c4 ,graphic scale & repres5tative fraction--,r4,f4 #d4 ,v]tical int]val--,v4,i4 #e4 ,sket*]'s "n & organization to :i* he belongs4 #f4 ,date4 ,a l&scape sket* is a place sket*$ ) details %[n 9 p]spective4 ,! horizon is always ( milit>y importance & %\ld be %[n z well z int]v5+ cre/s1 woods1 h\ses1 etc4 ,l&scape sket*+ 9 tr5* w>f>e is a necess>y accompli%m5t ( ! obs]v]4 ,! beg9n] w at fir/ be confus$ by a mass ( details1 b he mu/ note only ! outl9e ( ! features sket*$4 ,fir/ draw ! sky l9e & cre/s1 !n fill 9 ! o!r details ) fewe/ l9es possible4 ,unnecess>y %ad+ t5ds to detract f ! cle>ness ( ! sket*4 ,!re w be great difficulty 9 gett+ ! p]spective1 note ! size ( objects1 ! fur!r away !y are ! small] !y seem4 ,make !m s4 ,9 mak+ ! sket*1 hold ! pad 9 front ) "o eye clos$1 ! upp] edge ( ! pad horizontal2 a /r+ #bj in*es long is ti$ to ! pad & held betwe5 ! tee? to insure ! same di/ance f ! eye ea* "t4 ,moreov]1 if x is desir$ to locate objects by deflection ( an angle f a ref]5ce po9t1 ?is c be done by us+ mils4 ,"o mil is #a-fdjj ( a circle4 ,at #bj in*es a half-in* int]val subt5ds #be mils4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa ,! pap] is ori5t$ by br++ ! sector desir$ along ! upp] edge ( ! pad4 ,! po9ts desir$ are !n 9 prop] positions1 bo? horizontally & v]tically4 ,place a m>k at ! upp] edge = po9ts desir$4 ,! sky l9e %\ld be locat$ fir/4 ,n[ c>ry ^! l9es d[n1 hav+ drawn ?ree horizontal l9es ab\t #a_/b in* ap>t1 beg9n+ ) ! highe/ po9t on ! top l9e4 ,m>ks locat+ ! o!r features are likewise transpos$ 9 v]tical & horizontal portions4 ,n[ draw sky l9e connect+ transpos$ m>ks1 !n su* o!r po9ts z cre/s1 tr5*es1 h\ses1 etc4 ,aft] practice mo/ o!r features c be drawn 9 )\t reori5t+1 ! sky l9e hav+ be5 drawn4 ,! v]tical elevation %\ld be slightly exagg]at$4 ,objects 9 ! backgr\nd %\ld be drawn 9 lightly :ile ne>by features are indicat$ by heavy l9es4 ,avoid details1 draw only silh\ette1 %ade only 9 %[+ woods4 ,,lesson #h4 7,,field ,,"w--,,five ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,make complete area sket* includ+ cont\rs1 ) no data furni%$ o!r ?an ! initial elevation4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! "w summ>ize ! important po9ts involv$4 #a4 ,if possible select a base l9e4 #b4 ,locate z _m po9ts by int]section z possible4 #c4 ,make trav]se by road1 *eck locations by resection4 #d4 ,at good obs]vation po9ts obs]ve & complete ! sket* z f> z possible4 ,at ea* /ation keep ! foll[+ po9ts 9 view3 #a4 ,back sight on previ\s /ation4 #b4 ,select new sight+ po9t ahead4 #c4 ,det]m9e elevation by slope bo>d4 #d4 ,put 9 cont\rs :]e possible not+ ! dra9age & critical po9ts ( ! g5]al slope & ! t]ra94 #e4 ,put 9 details along trav]se j made ( all topographical features ( milit>y importance4 #f4 ,det]m9e y\r pres5t elevation4 #g4 ,make z _m %ots = int]section z y c & m>k !m4 #h4 ,look = possible resection %ots4 ,,lessons #i ,,& #aj4 7,,field ,,"w--,,n9e ,,h\rs47 ,,problem4--,make a road sket* ( ab\t #ab miles ) scale ( #c in*es to ! mile1 ,v4,i4 #bj feet4 ,?is %\ld include details ( milit>y importance to a di/ance ( #cjj y>ds on ei!r side ( ! road4 ,keep 9 m9d ^! po9ts3 #a4 ,/>t c>efully & give att5tion to e "p ( ! map4 #b4 ,keep ! bo>d prop]ly ori5t$4 #c4 ,wat* ! wat] dra9age sy/ems4 #d4 ,put d[n all necess>y details at ea* setup4 #e4 ,note high hills & t[ns n on imm$iate r\te1 condition ( roads1 f5ces1 cultivation1 h$ges1 cuts & fills1 bridges 7k9d & l5g?71 railroads1 telegraph & telephone l9es1 s*ools1 *ur*es1 etc41 notice p>ticul>ly woods & po9ts ( concealm5t = ho/ile troops4 ,d ! "w at ea* /ation = elevation1 cont\rs & ! not+ ( necess>y details s t ! sket* w be complete z y g along4 ,make c]ta9 t ! title ( ! sket*1 scale1 ori5tation1 etc41 are all cle>ly indicat$1 = a road map may h to be complet$ by ano!r or may be call$ = sudd5ly :5 x w be useless )\t ^! details4 ,rememb] !re are b two ?+s absolutely ess5tial to a good road sket*2 a good trav]se & ! location ( ! dra9age sy/em 9 its relation to ?is trav]se4 ,) ?is control approximate cont\rs c be drawn by anyone hav+ a k ( ! pr9ciples ( topography4 ,nev] plot unimportant details4 ,prom95t build+s & f>m h\ses are ( value = locat+ oneself4 ,woods & or*>ds are %[n = tactical reasons b no "o c expect to %[ e f5ce1 dit* or bit ( cov] t might hide a patrol4 ,map ,read+4 7,,gettysburg #c ,,map--,,hunt]/[n ,,%eet47 ,plattsburg ,b>racks1 ,n4,y41 ,sept4 #ag1 #aiag3 #a4 ,:at is ! %orte/ di/ance by road f ,bigl]sville to ,texas8 #b4 ,describe ! road betwe5 ,texas & ,table ,rock4 #c4 ,is x a cut or a fill along ! railroad ab\t #a_/b mile ea/ ( ,granite ,hill ,/ation8 #d4 ,:at is meant by #ica on ,*e/nut ,hill8 #e4 ,c a man on ! summit ( hill #gab 7ab\t "o mile s\?we/ ( ,pla9view7 be se5 f ! t[n ( ,pla9view8 #f4 ,po9t out two =ds on ! ,conewago ,riv]4 #g4 ,:]e is ! highe/ po9t on ! road f ,pla9view to ,heidl]sburg8 #h4 ,describe ! f5ces along ! road f ,texas to ,table ,rock ,/ation4 #i4 ,is ,hill #eff ,s4,w4 f ,d4 ,w]t visible f ,h5d]son ,meet+ ,h\se8 #aj4 ,( :at mat]ial is ! bridge at ,bridge ,s*ool ,h\se con/ruct$8 ,h>v>d ,college3 #a4 ,c a s5t9el /&+ at #gjg see road =k #ece 7ab\t #a1ejj y>ds s\?78 #b4 ,an enemy patrol is m>*+ nor? on ! #edd-faf road1 & has cross$ ! /ream 7#gej y>ds nor? ( #edd47 ,c ?is patrol see ! ,r$ outgu>d at #gjg f any po9t betwe5 /ream & cross roads #faf8 #c4 ,c ! s5t9el at #gab see ! road =k #eah 7#a1hej y>ds s\?we/ f #gab78 #d4 ,c ! s5t9el at #gab see ! cross roads #efa 7ab\t #a1bjj y>ds s\!a/78 ,assum+ ! height ( a man z #e' #j above ! gr\nd & trees & build+s z #cj' #j4 #a4 ,is ! gr\nd at road =k #eeb ne> ,d4 ,wirt visible to a patrol on ,hill #gab8 ,if n :at is ! ob/ruct+ po9t8 ,turn 9 pr(ile1 us+ cross section pap]4 #b4 ,disreg>d+ trees1 is a man /&+ on ,bridge #ebc ne> ,bridge ,s4,h4 visible f ,hill #gab8 ,solve by any me?od desir$ indicat+ ! me?od4 #a4 ,make a pr(ile f location ( ! lett] ,u ( ,*e/nut ,hill ne> ,c5t] ,mills to ,hill #gab1 #b-a_/b miles to ! s\?4 #b4 ,is ! location ( ! lett] ,b ( ,beatri* visible f ,u ( ,*e/nut ,hill8 ,if n :at ob/ructs8 #a4 ,c a man on ,hill #gab see a man at cross roads #eed 9 ,hunt]/[n 7disreg>d trees78 #b4 ,to a man /&+ at ! po9t :]e cont\r #fhj crosses ! road j s\? ( #gjg1 :]e does ! roadb$ fir/ become invisible8 #a4 ,:5 ! po9t arrives at ,hill #fdg c x see ! road =k #faj to ! nor?we/8 #b4 ,:5 ! flank patrol rea*es ,b5d]s ,*ur* cross roads c x see an enemy patrol at ! h\se midway on ! road #ecd-eed "o mile to ! nor!a/8 #c4 ,look+ nor? along ! ,c5t] ,mills road f ,hill #fdg1 :]e does ! road fir/ become invisible8 #a4 ,:at does #a_/baabj mean8 #b4 ,:at direction is ! g5]al dra9age sy/em on ?is %eet8 ,,*apt] #f4 ,helpful ,ref]5ces to ! ,articles ( ,w>4 7,extract$ f ,m4,c4,m4 & ,guide to ! ,articles ( ,w>--,waumbaugh's ,lectures47 ,,milit>y ,,law is ! body ( rules t gov]ns memb]s ( ! army4 ,milit>y ,law is bas$ ^u ! ,articles ( ,w> approv$ by ,congress1 ,augu/ #bg1 #aiaf1 effective ,m>* #a1 #aiag4 ,?is body ( rules def9es3 7#a7 ,puni%able (f5ses ( memb]s ( ! army4 7#b7 ,! ,me?od ( det]m9+ guilt4 7#c7 ,puni%m5t4 ,! pres5t ,articles ( ,w> are revisions ( ^? f ! ,revolution4 ,,article #a4 ,,def9itions3 7#a7 ,! ^w (fic] %all be con/ru$ to ref] to a commission$ (fic] 7& no "o else74 7#b7 ,! ^w soldi] to include non-commission$ (fic] or any o!r enli/$ man4 ,,article #b4 ,,p]sons ,,subject ,,to ,,milit>y ,,law3 7#a7 ,all (fic]s & soldi]s ( ! ,regul> ,army4 7#b7 ,all volunte]s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,u4,s4 7#c7 ,all o!r p]sons lawfully call$1 draft$ or ord]$ into su* s]vice4 7#d7 ,we/ ,po9t cadets4 7#e7 ,(fic]s & soldi]s ( ! ,m>9e ,corps :5 deta*$ = s]vice ) ! army1 by ord] ( ! ,presid5t4 7#f7 ,all reta9]s to ! camp1 or accompany+ or s]v+ ) ! army 9 "t ( w>1 bo? )9 & )\t t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ,u4,s4 7#g7 ,all p]sons "u s5t5ce by c\rt-m>tial4 ,,articles #c-ah4 ,,c\rts ,,m>tial ,,classifi$3 7,a7 ,g5]al ,c\rts ,m>tial4 ,appo9t$ by 7#a7 ,presid5t1 7#b7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( dep>tm5t or t]ritorial division4 7#c7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( sep>ate army division brigade4 7#d7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( di/rict or =ce emp[]$ by ,presid5t4 ,jurisdiction4 ,ov] all p]sons subject to ,milit>y ,law z reg>ds all (f5ses puni%able by ,milit>y ,law4 ,s5t5ce4 ,ev]y?+4 7,b7 ,special ,c\rts ,m>tials 7#c to #e (fic]s inclusive74 ,appo9t$ by 7#a7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( di/rict1 g>rison1 =t or camp4 7#b7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( brigade1 deta*$ battalion4 ,jurisdiction4 ,ov] any p]son subject to milit>y law 7except an (fic]71 & = any crime n capital4 7,only soldi]s exclud+ ^? hav+ c]tificate ( eligibility = promotion47 ,s5t5ce4 7#a7 ,no p[] to adjudge di%onorable dis*>ge4 7#b7 ,no conf9em5t 9 excess ( six 7#f7 mon?s4 7#c7 ,no =feiture ( pay 9 excess ( six 7#f7 mon?s4 7,c7 ,summ>y ,c\rts ,m>tial 7"o 7#a7 (fic]74 ,appo9t$ by 7#a7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( g>rison1 =t1 camp1 etc4 7#b7 ,comm&+ (fic] ( regim5t1 deta*$ battalion1 etc4 7,n4,b47 ,:5 b "o 7#a7 (fic] is pres5t ) comm& he %all be ! summ>y c\rt m>tial4 ,jurisdiction4 7#a7 ,only privates hold+ no c]tificate ( eligibility = promotion--& 7#b7 ,= crimes n capital4 ,s5t5ce4 7#a7 ,conf9em5t n ov] #c mon?s4 7#b7 ,no di%onorable dis*>ge4 7#c7 ,no puni%m5t ov] "o 7#a7 mon? )\t high] au?ority4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,ent]+ ,a ,,*>ge ,,aga9/ ,a ,,man3 ,example3 ,*>ge3 ,violation ( ! ---- ,article ( ,w>4 ,specification3 ,9 t 7rank1 "n1 organization7 did at 7place7 on or ab\t 7date7 etc4 7brief description ( (f5ce committ$74 ,sign$ 7,"n7 7,rank & ,bran* ( ,s]vice7 ,9 cases :]e !re are m ?an "o *>ge ! numb] ( ea* ,a4,w4 is put d[n 9 ! *>ge4 ,a description ( ea* (f5ce is put d[n sep>ately "u ,,specification4 ,note t d\ble l9es are drawn "u ,,*>ge1 s+le l9e "u ,,specification4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks3 ,! ?ree 7#c7 ,c\rts ,m>tial are alike 9 ! foll[+3 7a7 ,compos$ only ( (fic]s ( ,army or ,m>9e ,corps on deta*$ s]vice ) ! ,army by ord] ( ! ,presid5t4 7b7 ,pass ^u bo? law & fact4 7c7 ,crim9al ,c\rts only4 7d7 ,unable to promulgate any f9d+ t does n require approval ( appo9t+ au?ority4 ,! ?ree 7#c7 ,c\rts ,m>tial diff] 9 ! foll[+3 7a7 ,numb] ( memb]s4 7b7 ,appo9t+ au?ority4 7c7 ,puni%m5ts4 ,,article #ca4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,vot+3 ,memb]s 9 ,g5]al or ,special ,c\rts ,m>tial %all vote f junior to s5ior4 ,,article #ci4 ,,limitations ,,^u ,,prosecutions3 ,milit>y (f5ces fall into ?ree 7#c7 gr\ps3 7#a7 ,w> des]tion1 mut9y1 murd]4 ,h no limitations4 7#b7 ,burgl>y1 etc4 7,a ,w4 #ic7 & frauds aga9/ ,gov]nm5t 7,a4,w4 #id74 ,prosecution limit$ to #c ye>s4 7#c7 ,all o!r (f5ces4 #b ye>s4 ,9 "s cases ! ,/atute ( ,limitations is susp5d$ 7,a4,w4 #ci71 especially 9 cases ( abs5ce f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ ,articles ( ,w> are ! important ones = (fic]s to be acqua9t$ ) 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( 8 duties3 ,,article #ed4 ,,fraudul5t ,,enli/m5t3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt ,m>tial4 ,any p]son procur+ himself to be enli/$ by means ( willful misrepres5tation or concealm5t z to 8 qualifications = enli/m5t & %all receive pay or all[ance1 444 ,?is (f5se requires two 7#b7 /eps3 7#a7 ,misrepres5tation or concealm5t4 7#b7 ,receiv+ pay or all[ances4 ,,article #eh4 ,,des]tion3 ,puni%m5t3 7,w>time7 ,dea? or ,c\rt ,m>tial4 7,peacetime7 ,c\rt ,m>tial4 ,any p]son--:o des]ts or attempts to des]t 9 "t ( ,w> 444 dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z ! c\rt m>tial may direct 444 any o!r "t any puni%m5t except dea?4 ,ess5tial features are3 7#a7 ,an int5t n to return4 7#b7 ,an ov]t act ( sep>ation f duty4 ,drunk5ness t5ds to %[ abs5ce ( ! int5t4 ,m9ority is no def5se4 ,enli/m5t :ile 9 des]tion does n remove ! *>ge ( des]tion4 ,,article #fa4 ,,abs5ce ,,)\t ,,leave3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt ,m>tial4 ,any p]son :o fails to repair at ! fix$ "t to duty1 or goes f same )\t leave ( abs5ce1 or abs5ts himself f 8 comm&1 gu>d1 qu>t]s1 /ation or camp )\t prop] leave4444 ,does n require to prove int5t1 yet p]sons ignorant ( milit>y law1 drunk or victims ( mi/ake are dealt ) g5tly4 ,,article #fb4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,,presid5t1 ,,vice-,,presid5t1 ,,congress1 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>1 ,,gov]nors1 ,,legislatures3 ,puni%m5t3 7,(fic]7 ,dismissal f ! s]vice1 7,soldi]7 ,c\rt m>tial4 ,any (fic] :o uses contemptu\s or disrespectful words aga9/ ! ,presid5t1 etc4444 any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law :o s (f5ds4 ,contemptu\s language is objectionable & liable to c\rt m>tial :e!r 7#a7 ,us$ 9 public or private4 7#b7 ,9 (ficial or private capacity4 7#c7 ,writt5 or spok54 7#d7 ,true or untrue4 ,,article #fc4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,a ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o behaves himself ) disrespect t[>d 8 sup]ior (fic]4444 ,unlike ,article #fb1 disrespect t[>d a sup]ior (fic] requires no words--act+ or neglect+ to act 7su* z rud5ess or failure to salute7 are en\gh4 ,,article #fd4 ,,assault+ ,,or ,,willfully ,,disobey+ ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]3 ,puni%m5t3 ,dea? or c\rt-m>tial4 7#a7 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o on any pret5se :atsoev]1 /rikes 8 sup]ior (fic]--lifts a weapon1 or (f]s viol5ce aga9/ him1 be+ 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice4 7#b7 ,or willfully disobeys any lawful comm& ( 8 sup]ior (fic]4 ,drunk5ness "h t5ds to %[ abs5ce ( ! ess5tial willfullness4 ,self def5se is n =bidd5 nor viol5ce to suppress mut9y4 ,,article #fe4 ,,insubord9ate ,,conduct ,,t[>d ,a ,,non-,,commission$ ,,(fic]3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 7#a7 ,any soldi] :o assaults or attempts or ?reat5s to /rike or assault4 7#b7 ,or willfully disobeys ! lawful ord] ( a non-commission$ (fic] :ile 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice4 7#c7 ,or uses ?reat5+ or insult+ language4 7#d7 ,or behaves 9 an insubord9ate or disrespectful mann]4 ,drunk5ness w n h ! effect "h ( %[+ an abs5ce ( willfullness4 ,,article #fh4 ,,disord]s3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,all (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s h p[] to quell disord]s & to ord] (fic]s :o take "p 9 ! same into arre/1 & o!r p]sons into arre/ or conf9em5t4 ,:osoev]1 be+ s ord]$3 7#a7 ,refuses to obey4 7#b7 ,draws a weapon4 7#c7 ,o!rwise ?reat5s or does viol5ce %all be puni%$4 ,?is is "o in/ance 7except a4w41 #fg1 mut9y7 :]e ev5 a corporal might ord] a g5]al into arre/4 ,?is is ! only in/ance3 7#a7 ,:]e anyone o!r ?an a commission$ (fic] c put an (fic] "u arre/4 7#b7 ,:]e anyone o!r ?an an (fic] c ord]1 arre/ or conf9em5t ( a soldi] except on p[] giv5 by ,c4,o4 ,,article #fi4 ,,break+ ,,arre/3 ,puni%m5t3 7,(fic]7 ,dismissal1 7,soldi]7 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,any (fic] *>g$ ) crime %all be plac$ 9 arre/ by ,c4,o4444 9 exceptional cases 444 conf9$4 ,a soldi] *>g$ ) crime 444 %all be plac$ 9 conf9em5t 444 :5 *>g$ ) m9or (f5se plac$ 9 arre/4 ,any p]son plac$ 9 arre/ 444 %all be re/rict$ to b>racks1 qu>t]s1 t5t1 unless limits are enl>g$ by prop] au?ority4 ,an (fic] or any o!r p]son break+ 8 arre/ or :o escapes f conf9em5t be=e be+ set at lib]ty by prop] au?ority %all be puni%$ by4444 ,to break arre/ is puni%able ev5 ?\gh a p]son is innoc5t ( ! *>ge or ought to h be5 releas$4 ,,article #ge4 ,,misbehavior ,,be=e ,,! ,,enemy3 ,puni%m5t3 ,dea? or c\rt-m>tial4 ,any (fic] or soldi] :o3 7#a7 ,misbehaves be=e ! enemy--runs away1 or %amefully ab&ons po/4 7#b7 ,or speaks words induc+ o!rs to d s4 7#c7 ,or quits 8 po/ or colors to plund] or pillage4 7#d7 ,occasions false al>ms 9 camp or qu>t]s %all suff] 4444 ,! ^w enemy implies any ho/ile body su* z a mob or riot cr[d4 ,,article #hc4 ,,neglect ,,( ,,milit>y ,,prop]ty3 ,puni%m5t3 ,make good ! loss & c\rt-m>tial4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o willfully or ?r\gh neglect suff]s to be lo/1 damag$1 or wrongfully dispos$ (1 any milit>y prop]ty belong+ to ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica--%all make good ! loss &4444 ,,article #hd4 ,,wa/e ,,or ,,unlawful ,,disposal ,,( ,,prop]ty ,,issu$ ,,to ,,soldi]s3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,any soldi] :o sells or wrongfully disposes ( any prop]ty issu$ = milit>y s]vice %all be puni%$4444 ,,article #he4 ,,drunk ,,on ,,duty3 ,puni%m5t3 7,w> "t7 dismissal & c\rt-m>tial1 7,peace "t7 c\rt-m>tial4 ,any (fic] 444 drunk on duty %all 444 9 "t ( w> be dismiss$ 444 & ,any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law1 drunk on duty 444 %all be puni%$4444 ,,article #hf4 ,,misbehavior ,,( ,a ,,s5t9el3 ,puni%m5t3 7,w> "t7 dea? or c\rt-m>tial1 7,peace "t7 c\rt-m>tial4 ,any s5t9el f\nd3 7#a7 ,drunk4 7#b7 ,asleep4 7#c7 ,or :o leaves be=e be+ regul>ly reliev$ %all be puni%$4444 ,,article #ib4 ,,murd] ,,or ,,rape3 ,puni%m5t3 ,dea? or life imprisonm5t4 ,any p]son :o commits murd] or rape %all suff] dea? or life imprisonm5t z ! c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,no p]son %all be tri$ = murd] or rape committ$ 9 ! limits ( ! ,u4,s4,a4 9 "t ( peace4 ,?is is left to civil c\rts4 ,,article #ic4 ,,v>i\s ,,crimes3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,any p]son :o commits 7#a7 ,manslaught]1 7#b7 ,mayhem 7cutt+71 7#c7 ,arson1 7#d7 ,burgl>y1 7#e7 ,l>c5y1 7#f7 ,embezzlem5t1 7#g7 ,p]jury1 7#h7 ,assault ) int5t to commit any felony4 7#i7 ,assault ) int5t to d bodily h>m4 %all be puni%$4444 ,def9ition ( ^! crimes is left to local law4 ,,article #id4 ,,frauds ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,gov]nm5t3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,article ( ,w> ,no4 #id is equival5t to prohibit+ any p]son subject to milit>y law f defraud+ or attempt+1 or conspir+ to defraud ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,u4,s4,a4--also f /eal+1 embezzl+ any ,gov]nm5t prop]ty4 ,,article #ie4 ,,conduct ,,unbecom+ ,,an ,,(fic] ,,& ,a ,,g5tleman3 ,puni%m5t3 ,dismissal4 ,any (fic] or cadet convict$ ( unbecom+ conduct %all be dismiss$4444 ,misconduct may be (ficial or un(ficial4 ,,article #if4 ,,g5]al ,,article1 ,,! ,,cat* ,,all3 ,puni%m5t3 ,c\rt-m>tial4 444 all disord]s & neglects to ! prejudice ( good milit>y discipl9e4 ,all conduct ( a nature to br+ discr$it ^u ! milit>y s]vice4 ,all crimes & (f5ces n capital %all be tak5 cognizance ( by 7#a7 ,g5]al1 7#b7 ,special1 7#c7 ,summ>y c\rt-m>tials accord+ to ! nature & degree ( ! (f5se & puni%$4444 ,article ( ,w> #if cov]s all crimes & is h&y :5 no o!r ,article ( ,w> fits4 ,x is wise1 h[ev]1 to use ?is ,article sp>+ly on ,*>ges1 f9d+ if possible ! exact ,article necess>y to cov] ! case at h&4 ,,examples4 ,,problem #a3 ,*>ge4--,violation ( ---- ,article ( ,w>4 ,specification4--,9 t ,private ,john ,doe1 ,company ,c4 #cja/ ,regim5t ,infantry1 did at ,albany1 ,new ,york1 on or ab\t ,septemb] #ae?1 #aiag1 dress himself 9 ! uni=m ( a #a/ ,lieut5ant & att5d a dance at ,odd ,fell[s ,hall4 7,sign$7 ,,john ,,hancock1 ,capta91 #cja/ ,infantry4 ,"u :at article ( w>1 if any1 does ?is belong8 ,,problem #b3 ,*>ge4--,violation ( ---- & ---- ,articles ( ,w>4 ,specification4--,9 t ,s]geant ,james ,hopk9s1 ,company ,h1 #bje? ,infantry1 did at ,franconia1 ,n4,h41 on or ab\t ,july #d? return to b>racks intoxicat$4 ,9 t ,s]geant ,james ,hopk9s1 moreov]1 refus$ to appe> at reveille ,july #e?4 7,sign$7 ,,william ,,hit*cock1 ,capta91 #bje? ,infantry4 ,"u :at articles ( w> d ^! (f5ses belong8 ,:at k9d ( c\rt-m>tial requir$8 ,,problem #c3 ,*>ge4--,violation ( ---- ,article ( ,w>4 ,specification4--,9 t ,capta9 ,george ,jones1 #abe? ,infantry did at ,laconia1 ,ma9e1 on or ab\t ,augu/ #bj1 #aiag1 make a spee* 9 :i* he /at$ t ! ,rei*/ag ( ,g]many 0 a m effici5t & democratic body ?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,congress4 7,sign$7 ,,alb]t ,,smi?1 ,major1 #abe? ,infantry4 ,"u :at article ( w> does ?is (f5se belong8 ,,no4 ,,articles ,,( ,,w>4 ,,puni%m5t4 #ed4 ,fraudul5t enli/m5t ,c\rt m>tial #eh4 ,des]tion ,w>3 ,dea? or c\rt m>tial ,peace3 ,except dea? #fa4 ,abs5ce )\t leave ,c\rt m>tial #fb4 ,disrespect to ,presid5ts ,(fic]3 ,dismissal ,vice-,presid5t1 ,secret>y ,soldi]3 ,c\rt m>tial ( ,w>1 ,congress1 etc4 #fc4 ,disrespect to sup]ior (fic] ,c\rt m>tial #fd4 ,assault+ or disobey+ ,dea? or c\rt m>tial sup]ior (fic] #fe4 ,insubord9ation to a ,c\rt m>tial non-commission$ (fic] #fi4 ,arre/ or conf9em5t ,(fic]3 ,dismissal ( accus$ p]sons ,soldi]3 ,c\rt m>tial #ge4 ,misbehavior be=e ! enemy ,dea? or c\rt m>tial #hc4 ,loss1 etc41 milit>y prop]ty ,make good ! loss & c\rt m>tial #hd4 ,loss ( milit>y prop]ty ,c\rt m>tial issu$ to soldi]s #he4 ,drunk on duty ,(fic]s-- ,w>3 ,dismissal ,peace3 ,c\rt m>tial ,soldi]s3 ,c\rt m>tial #hf4 ,misbehavior ( s5t9el ,w>3 ,dea? or ,peace3 ,c\rt m>tial 7except dea?7 #ic4 ,v>i\s crimes ,c\rt m>tial #id4 ,frauds aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t ,c\rt m>tial #ie4 ,conduct unbecom+ an (fic] ,dismissal #if4 ,g5]al article ,c\rt m>tial 7,g5]al or special7 ,,*apt] #g4 ,notes on ,army ,regulations #a4 ,,ob$i5ce requir$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice--/rict & prompt4 #b4 ,,au?ority ,,ex]cis$ ) firmness1 k9dness & ju/ice--prompt & lawful puni%m5t4 #c4 ,,abusive ,,language or conduct by sup]iors =bidd54 #d4 ,,respect ,,to ,,sup]iors w be ext5d$ ^u all occasions1 :e!r on duty or n4 #e4 ,,rem>ks ,,by ,,(fic]s or soldi]s ^u o!rs 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 :e!r praise or c5sure1 public or private1 writt5 or spok51 is prohibit$4 ,any ef=t to affect legislation = a p]sonal favor w be ent]$ aga9/ a man's milit>y record4 #ajf4 ,,furl\ghs n grant$ to m5 ab\t to be dis*>g$4 ,n m ?an five p] c5t ( a company %all be abs5t at "o "t4 #aji4 ,,m5 ,,on ,,furl\gh may n leave ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #aaa4 ,,= ,,m5 ,,9 ,,=eign ,,c\ntries furl\gh c beg9 on date ( rea*+ ,unit$ ,/ates4 #aac4 ,no ,,paym5ts made to m5 :ile on furl\gh4 ,arms n to be tak5 on furl\gh or :ile report+ sick4 7,n4,b4--,!re w unque/ionably be a modification ( ?is rul+1 z ! cu/om abroad is to h e man keep 8 complete equipm5t ) him :5ev] possible47 #aaf4 ,,des]tion4 ,prop]ty lo/ or de/roy$ w be *>g$ aga9/ des]t]4 #aag4 ,,ab&on$ ,,clo!s turn$ ov] to ,qu>t]ma/]4 ,p]sonal effects sold & cr$it$ to ,unit$ ,/ates4 #aba4 ,,rew>d ,,( #ej = appreh5sion & deliv]y ( des]t] or milit>y prison]4 #abg4 ,,co/s ,,( ,,appreh5sion w be *>g$ aga9/ des]t]4 #abi4 ,,no ,,pay ,,or ,,clo!s drawn by soldi] await+ trial on *>ge ( des]tion4 #aca4 ,,w ,,be ,,re/or$ to duty only by c\rt m>tial or au?ority compet5t to ord] trial4 #acb4 ,,abs5t ,,)\t ,,leave4 ,enli/$ man =feits all pay & all[ances :ile away4 ,soldi] w n be *>g$ ) des]tion until comm&+ (fic] has reason to believe he int5d$ to des]t4 ,abs5ce ( less ?an #bd h\rs w n be not$ ^u ! mu/] roll4 #aci4 ,,dis*>ge ( enli/$ man only #a4 ,by ord] ( ,presid5t or ,secret>y ( ,w>4 #b4 ,by ord] ( ,g5]al ,c\rt ,m>tial4 #c4 ,by ord] ( ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt or ju/ice or judge1 on writ ( habeas corpus4 #d4 ,by comm& ( t]ritorial dep>tm5t4 #e4 ,by disability 9 l9e ( duty4 #f4 ,by s5t5ce ( civil c\rt4 #g4 ,by pur*ase4 7,n4,b4--,9 "t ( w> x is probable t ! la/ two me?ods w\ld n be effective = dis*>ge f ! s]vice47 #adj4 ,,f9al ,,/atem5ts4 ,! company comm&] w furni% ea* enli/$ man a f9al /atem5t 7or duplicate7 or a full /atem5t 9 writ+ expla9+ :y su* f9al /atem5t is n furni%$4 ,no f9al /atem5t w be furni%$ a soldi] :o has =feit$ all pay & all[ances or :o has no deposits due him4 #adg4 ,,c]tificate w give #a4 ,"* c]tifi$ by company comm&]4 #b4 ,:e!r recomm5d$ = re-enli/m5t4 ,9 case ( negative op9ion1 ! soldi] %\ld be notifi$ at lea/ #cj days prior to dis*>ge4 ,9 t case ! company comm&] %all conv5e a bo>d ( ?ree (fic]s 7if possible7 to det]m9e :at k9d ( dis*>ge %all be giv54 ,! soldi] w be giv5 a he>+4 #aea4 ,,loss ,,( ,,dis*>ge ,,c]tificate4 ,dis*>ge c]tificates w n be made 9 duplicate4 ,^u prop] pro( ( loss or de/ruction )\t fault ( p]son entitl$ to x1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t w issue a c]tificate ( s]vice1 %[+ date ( enli/m5t & dis*>ge f ! army & "* giv5 9 orig9al c]tificate4 ,dis*>ge c]tificates %\ld nev] be =w>d$ to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t 9 correspond5ce unless call$ =4 #aei4 ,,physical ,,disability ,,c]tificate issu$ :5 an enli/$ man is p]man5tly unfitt$ = s]vice1 9 l9e ( duty4 ,c]tificates ( disability n made 9 duplicate4 #afb4 ,,dea? ,,( ,,soldi]4 #a4 ,effects are secur$4 #b4 ,ne>e/ relatives notifi$4 #c4 ,adjutant ,g5]al ( army notifi$4 ,9 active s]vice ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t requires ! foll[+ reports3 #a4 ,report ( company comm&] to ,adjutant ,g5]al1 cov]+ dea? & disposal ( rema9s4 #b4 ,report ( surgeon or company comm&] embody+ a4 ,cause ( dea?4 b4 ,:e!r 9 l9e ( duty4 c4 ,:e!r due to ano!r soldi]'s misconduct4 #c4 ,inv5tory ( effects 9 duplicate4 #afc4 ,,effects1 :5 n claim$ )9 reasonable "t1 sold & cr$it$ to ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no au?ority = (fic]s to pay debts ( dead soldi]s4 ,tr9kets w n be sold b s5t to ! ,adjutant ,g5]al's (fice4 #afe4 ,,effects w be deliv]$1 if call$ =1 to legal repres5tative ( deceas$ aft] arre>s are paid4 #afg4 ,,m$al ,,( ,,honor4 ,au?oriz$ by ,congress to be aw>d$ to (fic]s & m5 = extreme acts ( gallantry 9 action1 beyond l9e ( duty4 ,recomm5dations w be consid]$ by /&>d ( extraord9>y m]it1 & mu/ h inconte/ible pro(4 #ahd4 ,,c]tificate ,,( ,,m]it4 ,grant$ by ,presid5t to any enli/$ man 9 ! s]vice = di/+ui%$ acts 9 l9e ( duty1 on recomm5dation ( company comm&]1 bas$ ^u /atem5t ( eye witness1 pref]ably ! imm$iate company comm&]4 #bjj p]man5t additional pay is all[$4 #bhe4 ,,qu>t]s4 ,"n ( ea* soldi] on bunk4 ,arms on rack4 ,acc\trem5ts hung up by ! belts4 #bhg4 ,,saturday ,,inspection prec$$ by ?or\gh polic+4 ,lead]s ( squads w see t ev]y?+ is clean4 #ajaa4 ,,neglect ,,( ,,rooms or furniture by (fic] or soldi] a milit>y (f5se4 ,all necess>y co/s %all be paid by him4 #aagh4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,tablew>e or kit*5 ut5sils by soldi]s w be *>g$ aga9/ _! pay4 #bhh4 ,,*iefs ,,( ,,squads are responsible #a4 ,= cleanl9ess ( m54 #b4 ,= _! prop] equipm5t = duty4 #c4 ,= _! prop] dress :5 go+ on pass4 #cgd4 ,,premises %all be polic$ daily aft] breakfa/4 #bij4 ,,company ,,comm&] w see t public prop]ty held by m5 is kept 9 good ord]1 & miss+ or spoil$ articles paid =4 #bib4 ,,arms %all n be tak5 d[n )\t prop] sup]vision & by ord] ( commission$ (fic]4 ,no *ang+ ( p>ts or f9i%4 ,tompions 7muzzle plugs7 9 small arms =bidd54 #feg4 ,,acc\ntability ,,& ,,responsibility--,bo? devolve ^u p]sons entru/$ ) public prop]ty4 ,responsibility )\t acc\ntability devolves ^u "o to :om prop]ty is entru/$1 b :o does n h to make returns !re=4 ,responsibility does n end until prop]ty has be5 giv5 back to acc\ntable (fic] & a receipt tak51 or he has be5 reliev$ by regulations or by ord]s4 ,acc\ntability )\t responsibility occurs :5 an (fic] holds prop] memor&um receipts = prop]ty deliv]$ to o!rs4 ,,example4--,! ,company ,comm&] is acc\ntable & responsible = ! rifles turn$ ov] to 8 company4 ,he is acc\ntable )\t responsibility :5 ea* enli/$ man has be5 issu$ a rifle & has sign$ a receipt = x4 ,ea* enli/$ man is !n responsible = 8 rifle1 )\t acc\ntability1 until he returns x 9 prop] condition4 ,9 g5]al1 !re=e3 ,acc\ntability requires evid5ce ( ! disposition t has be5 made ( prop]ty4 ,responsibility implies possession1 & requires return ( ! prop]ty or paym5t = x4 #fhe4 ,,loss ,,( ,,public ,,prop]ty by neglect ( any (fic] or soldi] %all be paid by him1 at su* rates z a survey ( ! prop]ty may det]m9e4 ,*>ges w be made only aft] conclusive pro(1 & n )\t a survey if ! soldi] dem&s "o4 ,sign+ ! payroll w be reg>d$ z an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ju/ice ( ! *>ge4 #abjb4 ,,ration is ! all[ance ( food = "o p]son or animal = "o day4 #abbi4 ,,=feiture ( ration is made :5 a soldi] ov]/ays furl\gh4 #acci4 ,,pay = cont9u\s s]vice is cr$it$ a soldi] if he enli/s )9 ?ree mon?s aft] honorable dis*>ge4 ,= privates an increase ( #c p] mon? is all[$ up to & includ+ ! ?ird enli/m5t1 beyond ?is #a p] mon? increase giv5 up to & includ+ ! sev5? enli/m5t4 ,= non-commission$ (fic]s ! increase ( #c p] mon? cont9ues to & includes ! sev5? enli/m5t4 ,no increas$ pay is giv5 aft] ! sev5? enli/m5t to private or non-commission$ (fic]4 #acdg4 ,,allotm5ts 7revis$ by ,act ( ,congress1 ,octob]1 #aiag74 ,! new law does away ) future p5sions4 ,allotm5ts may be made to3 #a4 ,family4 #b4 ,bank4 ,= m>ri$ m5 or ^? ) dep5d5ts1 su* z *ildr51 p>5ts divorc$ wives1 ^: support is requir$ by c\rt ord]1 allotm5ts are compulsory1 & mu/ n be less ?an #ae a mon? & n m ?an "o-half ( 8 pay4 ,! ,company ,comm&] is responsible = f9d+ :o comes "u ?is rule4 ,by ?is arrangem5t soldi]s _c %irk ! support ( dep5d5ts4 ,! gov]nm5t w d\ble ! am\nt allott$ by ea* soldi]1 to a limit ( #cg4ej a mon?4 ,9 cases :]e ! soldi] allots half ( 8 pay ! gov]nm5t w add to ! allotm5t accord+ to ! foll[+ scale1 ev5 ?\gh x m ?an d\bles ! am\nt paid by ! soldi]3 ,class ,a4 ,wife1 no *ild1 #ae4 ,wife1 "o *ild1 #be4 ,wife1 two *ildr51 #cb4ej4 ,= ea* additional *ild1 #e m4 ,no wife liv+1 "o *ild1 #e4 ,two *ildr51 #ab4ej4 ,?ree *ildr51 #bj4 ,f\r *ildr51 #cj4 ,= ea* additional *ild1 #e4 ,class ,b4 ,"o p>5t1 #aj4 ,two p>5ts1 #bj4 ,ea* gr&*ild1 bro!r1 si/] or additional dep5d5t1 #e4 ,nurses c make allotm5t4 ,:5 bo? ,a & ,b classes are 9 ne$ ( allotm5t f a soldi]'s pay1 & he has allott$ half ( 8 pay to ,class ,a1 he may allot an additional "o-sev5? ( 8 pay = ! support ( ,class ,b dep5d5ts1 & ! gov]nm5t w pay ! sums li/$ above to ! ,class ,b dep5d5ts1 to ! limit ( #bj a mon?4 ,paym5ts "u ?is act 7 begun ,novemb] #a1 #aiag4 ,9 case less ?an "o-half ( a soldi]'s pay is allott$1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w> may require ! allotm5t to be increas$ up to "o-half ( ! pay4 ,,comp5sation ,,= ,,dea? ,,or ,,disability 9 l9e ( duty4 ,9 all cases mu/ be appli$ =4 ,9 case ( dea?1 mon?ly comp5sation %all be z foll[s p] mon?3 ,wid[1 #be4 ,wid[ & #a *ild1 #ce4 ,wid[ & #b *ildr51 #dg4ej4 ,ea* additional *ild1 #e4 ,"o *ild alone1 #bj4 ,two *ildr51 #cj4 ,?ree *ildr51 #dj4 ,ea* additional *ild1 #e4 ,wid[$ "m1 #bj4 ,= transportation ( body1 #ajj4 ,no wom5 c receive comp5sation f two s\rces4 ,! gov]nm5t w cont9ue to pay comp5sation to a dep5d5t wife until h] dea? or rem>riage1 & to *ildr5 until !y are #ah ye>s old1 unless !y are insane or helpless1 9 :i* case x w cont9ue to pay ! comp5sation dur+ su* incapacity4 ,9 case ( total disability1 comp5sation w be z foll[s p] mon?3 ,soldi] alone1 #cj4 ,) wife1 no *ild1 #de4 ,) wife1 "o *ild1 #ee4 ,) wife1 two *ildr51 #fe4 ,?ree *ildr5 or m1 #ge4 ,no wife liv+1 "o *ild1 #dj4 ,no wife liv+1 ea* additional *ild1 #aj4 ,soldi] & wid[$ "m1 #dj4 ,9 case ( total disability :]e att5dance is ne$$1 #bj p] mon? w be add$ to ! comp5sation1 unless ! soldi] is bl9d1 b$ridd51 or has lo/ bo? feet or h&s1 9 :i* case ! comp5sation w be #ajj p] mon?1 ) no extra all[ance = att5dance4 ,9 case ( p>tial disability1 comp5sation w be a p]c5tage ( ! am\nt paid 9 case ( total disability4 ,^! annuities cont9ue only dur+ ! life ( ! p]son = :om !y are fir/ paid4 ,,additional ,,insurance4--,uni=m comp5sation = all ranks c g only to blood relations4 ,9 case ( dea? or disability 9 l9e ( duty1 x is paid 9 mon?ly in/alm5ts = #bj ye>s4 ,insurance is f #a1jjj to #aj1jjj 9 multiples ( #ejj4 ,! rate is exce$+ly l[4 ,insurance mu/ be appli$ = )9 #abj days aft] ent]+ ! s]vice4 ,premiums are paid mon?ly1 qu>t]ly or ye>ly f ! pay ( ! insur$ man4 ,aft] ! w> ?is insurance mu/ be conv]t$ )9 five ye>s into a policy ei!r ( /raight life insurance1 #bj-ye> paym5t or end[m5t1 matur+ at ! age ( #fb4 ,9 case ( dea? :5 !re is no blood relation%ip1 ! res]ve value1 accord+ to ! ,am]ican insurance mortality tables1 is paid to ! e/ate4 ,none ( ^! paym5ts c be atta*$ = debt1 nor legal action />t$ aga9/ !m except 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt4 ,! maximum lawy]'s fee 9 any su* case is #ejj4 #acfa4 ,,deposits ( n less ?an #e may be made by an enli/$ man 7n retir$7 to any qu>t]ma/]4 ,deposit book1 sign$ by qu>t]ma/] & company comm&]1 giv5 to man :o makes ! deposit4 ,?is book is n transf]able4 #acfc4 ,a ,,lo/ ,,deposit ,,book is n replac$ )\t an affidavit ( ! soldi]1 te/ify+ t he has n sold nor assign$ x4 #acfd4 ,,paym5t made only on f9al /atem5t4 ,! soldi] %\ld be in=m$ ( ! importance ( keep+ ! deposit book4 #acfe4 ,,)drawal ,,( ,,deposit :5 dis*>g$ or furl\gh$ to res]ve4 #acff4 ,,int]e/ on sum great] ?an #e is #d p] c5t4 #acfh4 ,,=feiture due to des]tion1 b n by s5t5ce ( c\rt m>tial4 ,deposits n exempt f liabilities due ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #acga4 ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,m5 lose pay :ile conf9$ by civil au?orities4 #acge4 ,,furl\gh$ ,,to ,,res]ve or dis*>g$1 a soldi] is giv5 a f9al /atem5t 9 duplicate4 ,?is mu/ be pres5t$ to be valid4 #acgh4 ,,transportation & subsi/5ce is all[$ to ! po9t ( enli/m5t1 or = ! same di/ance4 ,n subject to d$uction = debts due ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #achj4 ,,dis*>g$ ,,soldi] "u *>ge ( fraudul5t enli/m5t is n entitl$ to transportation & subsi/5ce4 #achc4 ,,transf] ,,( ,,claims on ! gov]nm5t made by an enli/$ man are only recogniz$ aft] dis*>ge or furl\gh to ! res]ve4 ,!y mu/ be 9 writ+ & mu/ be endors$ by a commission$ (fic] or o!r responsible p]son kn[n to ! qu>t]ma/]4 #adcg4 ,no "o is all[$ to accompany sick or w\nd$ f ! battle l9e to ! re> except ^? specifically au?oriz$4 #aecj4 ,ammunition lo/ or us$ )\t ord]s or n 9 l9e ( duty %all be *>g$ to ! soldi] us+ x4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,w>4 7,f ,manual = ,comm&]s ( ,infantry ,platoons1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* at ! ,army ,w> ,college1 #aiag4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,docum5t ,no4 #fbf47 ,! laws ( w> 7 in/itut$ "u ! g5]\s error t c]ta9 well-organiz$ peoples _h entirely em]g$ f b>b>ism & t !y consid]$ !mselves b\nd by ! plac+ ( _! signatures to int]national conv5tions1 freely agre$ to4 ,an inf9ite numb] ( acts m9utely & (ficially inve/igat$ h e/abli%$ t our troops & our ,nation %\ld nev] c\nt on ! obs]vance ( ^! laws & t ! atrocities committ$ prove to be n only individual violations di%onor+ m]ely ! p]petrator1 b violations prem$itat$ & ord]$ 9 cold blood by ! comm&]s ) ! moral support ( ! heads ( ! enemy nation4 ,^! laws are nev]!less repeat$ "h 9 ord] t3 #a4 ,! k ( h[ ! w> %\ld h be5 conduct$ may develop 9 ! he>t ( ea* man ! s5tim5t ( hate 7applicable only to foes su* z we actually h71 t 9 no case %\ld a *ief ( platoon tol]ate any int]c\rse betwe5 8 m5 & ! enemy o!r ?an t ( ! rifle2 ?is duty is explicit & n to be dep>t$ f except 9 ! case ( ! w\nd$ & prison]s incapable ( do+ h>m4 #b4 ,t e violator ( ^! laws1 tak5 9 ! act1 %all be ! subject ( an imm$iate report ) witnesses1 !n s5t to ! division headqu>t]s to be tri$ z to ! facts ( ! case4 ,! laws ( w> result$ f ! ,g5eva conv5tion1 f ! decl>ation ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,petrograd71 & f ! diff]5t ,hague conv5tions4 ,all ^! diplomatic pap]s 7 sign$ by ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ,turkey & ,bulg>ia4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal articles3 ,protect ! w\nd$ on ! field ( battle f pillage & f bad treatm5t2 respect ambulances & evacuation convoys2 respect ! p]sonnel exclusively conc]n$ ) ! transportation1 treatm5t & gu>d+ ( w\nd$2 d n treat ?is p]sonnel z prison]s ( w> if x falls into ! h&s ( ! enemy2 b return su* p]sonnel1 z well z mat]ial1 :5 its ret5tion %all be no long] necess>y = ! c>e ( ! w\nd$ prison]s4 ,refra9 f employ+ any projectile :i* weighs less ?an #djj grams t is ei!r explosive or load$ ) inc5di>y or inflammable mat]ial1 f all projectiles hav+ = _! sole object ! spread+ ( asphyxiat+ or h>mful gases1 all exp&+ bullets or ^? :i* w easily flatt5 out inside ! human body1 su* z jacket$ bullets ^: jacket does n entirely cov] ! core or is nickel4 ,=bid ! use ( poisons or ( poison$ arms1 kill+ or w\nd+ an enemy :o has ?r[n d[n 8 arms & surr5d]$2 decl>ations t !re w be no qu>t]2 refra9 f bomb>d+ t[ns & cities :i* are n def5d$1 f fir+ on *ur*es1 hi/orical monum5ts1 edifices devot$ to ! arts1 to sci5ce1 to *>ity1 to sick & w\nd$ & :i* are m>k$ by a conspicu\s signal kn[n to ! enemy4 ,prison]s %\ld be treat$ z to rations1 h\s+ & clo?+ ! same z troops ( ! c\ntry :i* has captur$ !m4 ,all _! p]sonal belong+s1 except _! arms & milit>y pap]s1 %\ld be left 9 _! possession4 ,! foll[+ %\ld be inviolate3 ,! emiss>y--t is to say1 an individual au?oriz$ by a bellig]5t to ent] into talks ) ! au?orities ( ! o!r side & com+ "u a :ite flag2 also 8 trumpet]1 8 /&>d be>]1 & 8 int]pret]4 ,he loses 8 inviolability if x is prov5 t he has pr(it$ by 8 privilege to provoke or commit trea*]y4 ,an undisguis$ milit>y man c nev] be treat$ z a spy4 ,,*apt] #h4 ,practice ,m>*es4 ,special att5tion %\ld be paid to ! fitt+ ( %oes & ! c>e ( ! feet4 7i4d4r41 #fbg47 ,%ort m>*es f #b to #d miles %\ld be made daily & at a uni=m rate until ! troops become h>d5$4 ,p>ticul> att5tion mu/ always be paid to ! rate ( m>*--x is imp]ative = ! lead+ elem5t to keep a uni=m rate p] h\r4 ,be c>eful & see to x t y\r troops m>* on ! "r-h& side ( ! road1 & dur+ halts1 no "o1 n ev5 (fic]s1 mu/ be p]mitt$ on ! left4 ,keep clos$ up1 & dur+ ! la/ mile ( y\r m>* h y\r company s+ "s real snappy song1 & !y w come 9 9 jubilant spirits4 ,keep ! muzzles ( y\r rifles always elevat$ on ! m>* s t m5 m>*+ 9 re> wont be bo!r$4 ,on ! m>* ! fir/ halt is = #ae m9utes tak5 aft] #de m9utes ( m>*+4 ,! m5 %\ld be taught to use ?is "t to adju/ _! clo?+ & equipm5t1 & answ] ! calls ( nature4 ,d n halt :]e !re are h\ses1 etc41 on ?is fir/ halt1 z a great _m m5 want to relieve !mselves4 ,! succe$+ halts are = #aj m9utes aft] #ej m9utes ( m>*+--except ( c\rse dur+ a =c$ m>*--:5 y w\ld m>* = a long] p]iod4 ,dur+ ra9y or v hot wea!r ! halts %\ld be made (t5]4 ,d n h any /raggl+1 rememb] if a man falls out he mu/ h a c]tificate sign$ by an (fic] /at+ ! cause4 ,h "o (fic] m>* 9 re> ( ! company4 ,be c>eful ab\t ! use ( wat]4 ,h y\r m5 take a good dr9k e>ly 9 ! morn+ j aft] reveille1 & on ! m>* use _! cante5 sp>+ly4 ,"o cante5 ( wat] mu/ la/ "o man "o day4 ,d n all[ m5 to dr9k until aft] ! second halt4 ,on rea*+ camp ! kit*5s are put up1 latr9es are dug1 & t5ts are pit*$4 ,:5 ev]y?+ has be5 t5d$ to ea* man %\ld give 8 feet a good salt wat] ba?4 ,put !m 9 ! wat] & let !m rema9 !re = #b m9utes4 ,d n dry !m by rubb+1 b sponge !m--?is w h>d5 ! feet4 ,?is %\ld be done = ! fir/ ?ree days1 aft] :i* x c be disp5s$ )4 ,a *ange ( socks daily %\ld be made1 take "o pair ( socks f ! pack1 & wa% out ! dirty pair4 ,try to avoid night m>*+4 ,! lead+ company 9 ea* regim5t regulates ! rate ( m>*4 ,! m>*+ effici5cy ( an organization is judg$ by ! am\nt ( /raggl+ & elongation & ! condition ( ! m5 at ! end ( ! m>*4 7i4d4r41 #fcb47 ,rememb] a sanit>y squad %\ld be detail$ daily to police ! imm$iate vic9ity aft] ea* halt4 ,field ,"w4 ,field "w w be classifi$ "u ! foll[+ heads3 ,ord]s1 ,deploym5t1 ,fire1 ,attack1 ,def5se1 ,lead]%ip1 ,communications1 ,night ,op]ations1 ,patrols1 ,advance ,gu>ds1 ,re> ,gu>ds1 ,flank ,gu>ds1 ,camp1 ,m>* ,outpo/1 & ,outpo/4 7a7 ,,an ,,ord] is ! w ( ! comm&] express$ v]bally or 9 writ+ to 8 subord9ates4 ,x %\ld be cle>1 concise & to ! po9t4 ,a field ord] %\ld be giv5 z foll[s3 #a4 ,in=mation ( ! enemy & support+ troops4 #b4 ,g5]al plan ( ! comm&]4 #c4 ,dispositions ( ! troops4 #d4 ,in/ructions = ! tra9s4 #e4 ,place :]e messages are to be s5t4 7b7 ,,d ,,n ,,deploy too e>ly4 ,x is v fatigu+1 & has a t5d5cy to disorganize ! skirmi% l9e4 ,! major designates ! companies to be on ! fir+ l9e1 & ^? to rema9 9 support4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! fir+ l9e & support is f #ej to #ejj y>ds4 ,! support %\ld be z close z possible "u cov]4 7c7 ,,fire ,,direction is ! function ( ! company comm&]4 ,he gives ea* platoon its sector or objective1 det]m9es ! range1 t>get1 indicates ! class ( fire1 & ! "t to op5 fire4 ,fire control is giv5 to platoon comm&]s4 ,! platoon is ! fire unit4 ,fire control implies ! ability to /op fir+1 *ange ! sight sett+ & t>get1 & resume a well direct$ fire4 ,! be/ troops are ^? t submit longe/ to fire control4 ,fire discipl9e is ! function ( ! individual soldi]4 ,x implies t 9 a fir+ l9e )\t lead]s1 ea* man reta9s 8 pres5ce ( m9d & directs effective fire ^u ! t>get4 7d7 ,,! ,,troops m>* 9 column ( squads until "u ! obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,platoon columns are us$ 9 cross+ gr\nd :]e !re is cov]4 ,squad columns are us$ across ! artill]y zone4 ,at approximately #hjj y>ds a skirmi% l9e is =m$4 ,?9 l9es may !n be us$ to advance to ! attack4 ,rememb] ! ,major has assign$ ea* company 9 ! fir+ l9e an objective4 ,be sure to wat* out = flank protection4 ,if ! ,major has =gott5 to h combat patrols on ! expos$ flank or flanks1 x is up to ! flank company to s5d out a combat patrol4 ,?is patrol %\ld be slightly 9 advance ( ! front l9e1 & (f to ! "r or left4 ,! advance is made by a fraction ru%+ =w>d4 ,^! ru%es are f #bj to #hj y>ds4 ,:5 a ru% is made ! rema9+ troops fire fa/]4 ,! fir+ l9e %\ld n be re9=c$ by less ?an a platoon4 ,! ,major det]m9es :5 to fix bayonets4 ,! front rank m5 fix bayonets fir/1 ! re> rank m5 fire fa/]1 !n ! re> rank m5 fix bayonets :ile ! front rank fire fa/]4 ,a battalion is ! smalle/ unit 9 ! fir+ l9e to inaugurate a *>ge4 ,rememb] ! battalion is ! attack unit4 ,9 *ang+ sight sett+ foll[ same plan z fix+ bayonet1 i4e41 ea* front rank fir/1 ! re> rank man fir+ fa/]1 etc4 7e7 ,,def5se4--,9 def5se ! l9e is usually /rong] & ! support weak] ?an 9 ! attack4 ,d n give up y\r gr\nd unless y h writt5 ord]s f ! ,high ,comm&4 ,wat* out = flank protection by combat patrols4 7f7 ,,lead]%ip4--,a good lead] %\ld possess self reliance1 initiative1 aggressiv5ess1 sup]ior k1 & h a conception ( teamwork4 ,make y\r "w a game 9 :i* ea* man has a "p to play4 ,rew>d m]it & give ! disagreeable ?+s to be done to ! knock]s4 ,a lead] mu/ "k 8 m54 ,nev] give !m a job to d t y c\ldn't d y\rself4 ,tra9 y\rself to e/imate ! situation quickly & calmly4 ,h y\r m5 well discipl9$1 well drill$1 well equipp$1 & well dress$4 ,x might be call$ unmilit>y by "s ( ! /]n] *>act]s 9 our s]vice1 b we believe by occasionally draw+ comp>isons to some?+ real amus+--a good joke--y %[ y\r m5 t ! old ,man is really made ( human /uff4 ,be sympa!tic1 & x has be5 %[n by exp]i5ce t1 = "s slight brea* ( discipl9e a little talk 9 ! ord]ly room does ! mo/ good1 & is ! be/ =m ( puni%m5t4 ,d y\r "w *e]fully1 & y\r m5 w d likewise4 ,keep y\rself abrea/ ( ! times 9 all matt]s milit>y--rememb] y\r m5 look to y 9 "t ( action & excitem5t & y mu/ be ready to deliv] ! goods4 ,"w out & plan y\r ord]s1 etc41 simply4 ,morale is ! greate/ asset an organization c h4 ,keep all y\r tr\bles & h ! m5 keep !irs )9 ! company4 ,h esprit de corps4 ,! real successful lead] kn[s & plays ! game4 7g7 ,,communications4--,communication is ma9ta9$ by wireless1 telegraph1 telephone1 signals1 runn]s1 c>ri] pigeons1 a]oplanes1 motor c>s1 patrols1 & connect+ files4 ,ea* unit usually ma9ta9s communication ) ! next high] comm&1 & ) simil> comm&s on ! flanks4 7h7 ,,night ,,op]ations4--,!y are us$ to m9imize losses f ho/ile fire1 to escape obs]vation1 & to ga9 "t4 ,! gr\nd to be trav]s$ at night %\ld be c>efully look$ ov] 9 daylight4 ,"s di/9ctive badge %\ld be worn by our troops4 ,! bayonet is *iefly us$ at night4 ,avoid fir+4 ,! enemy %\ld be surpris$4 ,place ob/acles 9 front ( y\r own l9es at night4 ,usually #ej y>ds is ! maximum range to fire at night4 7i7 ,,patrols4--,a comm&] may be excus$ = be+ defeat$1 b nev] = be+ surpris$4 ,,patrols4 ,comm&] selects lead]1 /r5g?1 gives x a mission1 :5 to report back1 & :]e to s5d messages4 ,he gives x a numb] if m ?an "o patrol is s5t out1 in=mation ( ! enemy1 & location ( any fri5dly patrols t may be or h be5 s5t out4 ,patrol lead] is !n all[$ to ask que/ions4 ,patrol ,lead]4--,he %\ld h a compass1 wat*1 p5cil1 note-book1 knife1 & a map ( ! c\ntry4 ,he %\ld !n d ! foll[+3 #a4 ,assemble 8 m54 #b4 ,inspect !m4 a4 ,to see if !y are fit = ?is duty4 b4 ,t !y h no valuable maps or pap]s1 t _! equipm5t does n rattle or %9e4 c4 ,rations & wat]4 #c4 ,he repeats ! in/ruction t he has receiv$4 #d4 ,he expla9s any signals t are to be us$4 #e4 ,designates a rally+ po9t 9 case !y are scatt]$4 #f4 ,details a second 9 comm&4 #g4 ,takes a =mation t w favor ! escape ( at lea/ "o man4 ,conduct ( ! ,patrol4--#a4 ,move cauti\sly b n timidly4 #b4 ,d n fl9* or %[ consci\sness ( x 9 case y become sudd5ly aw>e t y are "u ! obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,n kn[+ t y are aw>e ( 8 pres5ce he w let y come on1 & sudd5ly1 :5 y see cov]1 make a da% = x & escape4 #c4 ,d n get lo/4 #d4 ,d n all[ y\rself to ?9k ( ! enemy z be+ 9 "o direction only4 #e4 ,9 ent]+ or pass+ ?r\gh woods take an ext5d$ skirmi% l9e =mation4 #f4 ,9 pass+ any %ort defile bridge or =d1 s5d "o man ahead4 #g4 ,if y suspect ! pres5ce ( ! enemy "u c]ta9 cov]1 a good way to f9d out is to let "o man approa* )9 a reasonable di/ance & !n1 act+ z ?\gh he _h be5 discov]$1 turn & run4 ,?is w g5]ally draw 8 fire4 #h4 ,keep quiet4 ,=bid unnecess>y talk+4 #i4 ,f "t to "t select suitable rally+ po9ts 9 case y become sep>at$4 #aj4 ,rememb] t y d n fight unless 9 self def5se4 ,report4--#a4 ,d n report ! pres5ce ( small patrols unless y h be5 ord]$ to d s4 ,locate ! ma9 body or a l>ge comm&4 #b4 ,det]m9e 8 /r5g?1 k9d ( troops & movem5ts4 #c4 ,rememb] ! indisp5sable qualities ( a report are3 accuracy z to facts1 simplicity1 cle>ness1 legibility & correct spell+4 ,surmises mu/ n be giv5 z facts4 ,sep>ate :at y "k & :at has be5 told y4 ,a report %\ld n be express$ c>elessly 9 t5 words :5 x c\ld be cle>ly /at$ 9 tw5ty4 ,s5d a sket* if practicable4 #d4 ,d n s5d a v]bal message4 #e4 ,address x to ,c4,o4 ,support or ,c4,o4 ,advance ,gu>d1 etc41 n to ! comm&] ( a c]ta9 body ( troops4 ,give date1 place & "t4 #f4 ,rememb] to /ate :at y int5d to d4 #g4 ,9 ho/ile c\ntry s5d two messages by diff]5t r\tes4 ,9 fri5dly c\ntry "o w suffice4 #h4 ,:5 ! capture ( y\r message is likely1 give mess5g] a false "o t w be easily f\nd & conceal ! true message c>efully4 ,return4--#a4 ,d n return ov] ! same r\te z y avoid ambuscade & wid5 y\r field ( reconnaissance4 #b4 ,report any special features ( milit>y value t y h se5 to y\r ,c4,o4 #c4 ,complim5t y\r m54 7j7 ,advance ,gu>d4--,an advance gu>d is a deta*m5t ( ! ma9 body :i* prec$es x & cov]s x on ! m>* 7i4d4r4 #fci74 ,! comm&] ( troops designates ! advance gu>d1 ! di/ance betwe5 x & ! ma9 body1 & also designates a comm&]4 ,! advance gu>d comm&] if he has m ?an a battalion designates ! res]ve1 support1 di/ance betwe5 !m4 ,if ! advance gu>d is a battalion or less x w\ld h no res]ve1 & 9 t case ! advance gu>d comm&] w\ld designate ! support1 advance p>ty1 & ! di/ance betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! =m] case ! support comm&] w\ld designate ! advance p>ty1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! support & ! advance p>ty4 ,9 bo? cases ! advance p>ty comm&] designates ! po9t1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9t & ! advance p>ty4 ,usually x is ! duty ( ! advance p>ty to s5d out flank patrols4 ,! /r5g? v>ies f #a_/bj to #a_/c ( ! ma9 body4 ,rememb] ! =mation ( ! advance gu>d mu/ be su* t ! enemy w fir/ be met by a patrol1 !n 9 turn by "o or m l>g] deta*m5ts1 ea* capable ( hold+ ! enemy until ! next 9 re> has "t to deploy be=e com+ "u effective fire4 ,! advance gu>d mu/ be aggressive4 ,d n put up ) a cauti\s po9t4 ,h a d\ble connect+ file1 & if possible e #ajj y>ds4 ,ea* elem5t ( ! column s5ds ! necess>y connect+ files to its front4 ,on ! road 9 ord] are3 po9t--advance p>ty--support--res]ve 7if !re is "o7--ma9 body4 ,h ! po9t prec$e ! advance p>ty1 all ! rema9+ elem5ts foll[ ! "o ahead4 ,?is has be5 f\nd by exp]i5ce to be ! be/ me?od ( gett+ !re4 7k7 ,re> ,gu>ds4--,a re> gu>d is a deta*m5t deta*$ to protect ! ma9 body f attack 9 ! re>4 ,! g5]al =mation is t ( ! advance gu>d rev]s$4 i4e4 re> po9t1 re> p>ty1 support1 & ma9 body4 ,9 retreat a column is prec$$ by a body ( troops designat$ 'lead+ troops1' ^: pr9ciple duty is to cle> ! road ( ob/acles & to facilitate ! )drawal ( ! comm&4 7l7 ,flank ,gu>ds4--,z _! "n imply protect ! flanks4 ,!y %\ld be 9 con/ant communication ) ! column4 ,_! =mation usually con=ms to t ( patrols4 7m7 ,camps4--,! f\r pr9cipal factors to be consid]$ 9 ! selection ( ! camp site are3 ne> a good road or roads1 h good dra9age1 pl5ty ( room to accommodate y\r troops1 & h a good wat] supply4 ,imm$iately aft] camp is made s9ks are dug = ! disposal ( excreta4 ,"o %\ld be dug = ea* company on ! opposite flank f ! kit*5 = ! disposal ( human excreta1 & "o ne> ! kit*5 = ! disposal ( wa/es1 etc41 t _c be burn$ ar\nd ! kit*54 7n7 ,m>* ,outpo/4--,a m>* outpo/ is usually an advance gu>d halt$1 ) obs]v]s 9 ea* unit on ! al]t4 ,a cossack po/ might be e/abli%$ on a good ne> by obs]vation po9t4 ,! m>* outpo/ is ! protection furni%$ ! ma9 body at %ort halts1 or on mak+ camp be=e ! outpo/ is e/abli%$4 7o7 ,outpo/4--,! outpo/ may be be/ illu/rat$ by circles3 ,ea* support is numb]$ f "r to left4 ,ea* outgu>d 9 ea* support is numb]$ f "r to left4 ,ea* s5t9el po/ 9 ea* outgu>d is numb]$ f "r to left4 ,outgu>ds are divid$ into ?ree classes1 cossack po/s1 s5try squads & packets4 ,a cossack po/ consi/s ( #d m51 #a po/$ 9 obs]vation ne> ! po/s ( ! rema9+ ?ree4 ,a s5try squad consi/s ( "o squad1 po/s a d\ble s5t9el po/ 9 obs]vation ne> ! po/ ( ! squad4 ,a picket consi/s ( two or m squads n exce$+ half a company4 ,x furni%es cossack po/s1 s5try squads1 s5t9el po/s1 & patrols4 ,x is usually plac$ at ! m important po9ts ( ! outgu>d l9e1 z a road =k1 etc4 ,! po/ furni%$ by pickets may be z f> z #ajj y>ds away4 ,!re %\ld be also a s5t9el po/ ne> ! picket 9 obs]vation4 ,if ! outgu>d consi/s ( two or m companies !re is a res]ve4 ,! res]ve is held at "s suitable po9t1 :]e x c readily support ! l9e4 ,! res]ve ma9ta9s connection ) ! ma9 body & ! support4 ,! support occupies ! l9e to be held4 ,?is l9e %\ld be entr5*$4 ,! support ma9ta9s communication ) its outgu>ds & ) ea* support on its flanks4 ,x also s5ds out ! necess>y reconnoit]+ patrols4 ,! outgu>ds furni% s5t9el po/s & ma9ta9 communication ) !m1 & ) ! outgu>ds on ea* flank4 ,x is ! duty ( ! support comm&] to inspect 8 l9e & make su* *anges 9 ! outgu>ds z he deems necess>y1 !n to report to ! outpo/ comm&] ) a sket* if practicable ( 8 l9e :5 8 dispositions are complet$4 ,! outpo/ comm&] %\ld inspect ! l9e1 ord] su* *anges z he deems necess>y1 & report ) a sket* ( ! outpo/ l9e to ! comm&] ( troops :5 8 outpo/ has tak5 up its position4 ,! support comm&] mu/ practice ! greate/ economy on m5 consi/5t ) ! requirem5ts ( practical security4 ,in/ead ( us+ outgu>ds along ! :ole front1 "p ( x may be cov]$ by patrols4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab ,,diagram ,,( ,,outpo/ ,,l9e ,outl9e ( ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,,l& ,,=ces ,,( ,u4,s4 ,regul> ,army4 ,organiz$ ,l& ,militia4 ,volunte] =ces4 ,h[ ,gr\p$3 ,mobile ,army4 ,coa/ ,artill]y4 ,mobile ,army3 ,= (f5sive op]ations aga9/ enemy & s requires maximum degree ( mobility4 ,basis ( organization ! division1 a self-conta9$ unit compos$ ( all necess>y arms & s]vices4 ,coa/ ,artill]y3 7#a7 ,p]man5t =tifications = def5se aga9/ naval attack4 7#b7 ,semi-p]man5t =tifications = protection ( p]man5t f raid]s4 7#c7 ,organization ( mobile troops to prev5t l&+ ( enemy4 ,,milit>y ,,in=mation4 ,ess5tial3 7#a7 ,to enable ,w> ,dep>tm5t to e/imate equipm5t & size ( =ce necess>y4 7#b7 ,to enable comm&] prop]ly to e/imate ! situation 9 ! field ( op]ations4 ,,transmission ,,( ,,in=mation4 ,wire1 ,signal+1 ,radio & ,mess5g]3 ,message4--,concise1 writt5 in=mation s5t by mess5g] or wire4 ,s\rce always giv54--,he>d sep>at$ f se54 ,report4--,=mal acc\nt ( "s ent]prise4 ,w> ,di>y4--,record ( ev5ts kept 9 campaigns4 ,maps4 ,reconnaissance3 ,! "w ( individuals or units 9 ga!r+ in=mation4 ,to keep contact ) ! enemy--to be acqua9t$ ) ! t]ra92 to protect flanks & re> & gu>d aga9/ surprise4 ,reconnaissance beg9s on ent]+ !at] ( op]ations & la/s ?r\gh campaign4 ,effect$ by patrols & air craft4 ,indications ( enemy3 ,tracks on road4 ,ab&on$ camps & clo?+4 ,infantry1 ?ick1 l[ cl\d ( du/4 ,cavalry1 high1 ?9 cl\d ( du/4 ,artill]y & wagons1 brok5 cl\d4 ,det]m9ation ( ,enemy ,=ces3 ,tim+ pa/ a giv5 po9t4 ,cavalry 7walk71 #aaj p] m9ute4 ,cavalry 7trot71 #bjj p] m9ute4 ,infantry1 #age p] m9ute4 ,artill]y & wagons1 #e p] m9ute4 ,security3 ,^? measures tak5 to protect a comm& f enemy obs]vation1 annoyance & surprise4 ,obta9$ by cov]+ ! front ) deta*m5ts4 ,m>*4--,advance1 flank & re> gu>ds4 ,camp4--,outpo/s4 ,m>* & camp deta*m5ts4--,to give w>n+ & resi/ attack until su* "t z deta*m5t 9 re> c deploy4 ,advance ,gu>d3 ,deta*m5t f ma9 body to cov] its advance4 ,aga9/ surprise = in=mation4 ,pu% back small bodies4 ,*eck enemy's advance until deploym5t 9 re>4 ,seize good position & locate enemy l9es4 ,remove ob/acles4 ,/r5g? #a-bj to #a-c ( entire comm&4 ,divisions ( ,advance ,gu>d3 ,cavalry po9t4 ,infantry po9t4 ,advance p>ty4 ,support4 ,res]ve4 ,lead+ ,troops3 ,a deta*m5t protect+ ! head ( a column 9 retreat4 ,re> ,gu>d3 ,deta*m5ts protect+ ! re> ( a retreat+ column4 ,=mation l t ( advance gu>d4 ,flank ,patrols3 ,deta*m5ts = protect+ ! flanks ( m>*+ column4 ,m>* ,outpo/3 ,deta*m5ts = protection ( column halt$ on m>*4 ,=mation1 t ( ! m>*+ protection4 ,outpo/3 ,! deta*m5ts =m+ ! protection = a =ce 9 camp or biv\ac4 ,divisions ( ,outpo/3 ,res]ve4 ,l9e ( supports4 ,l9e ( outgu>ds4 ,pickets4 ,s5t9el ,po/s3 ,s5try squads4 ,cossack po/s4 ,s5t9els4 ,deta*$ po/s 7f support74 ,h\rs ( ,special ,dang]3 ,ev5+ & dawn2 ?us good times to relieve outpo/s4 ,exam9+ ,po/3 ,intellig5ce & a place :]e prison]s1 etc41 are br\ght 94 ,ord]s3 ,! expression ( ! w ( a comm&]1 ei!r writt5 or v]bal4 ,lett]s ( in/ruction--plans ( ! sup]ior lead]s4 ,field ,ord]s3 ,regulate tactical & /rategical actions ( troops4 ,g5]al ,ord]s ,include3 7#a7 ,all necess>y detail$ in/ructions4 7#b7 ,all /&+ in/ructions 7avoid repetition74 7#c7 ,proce$+s ( g5]al & special c\rts-m>tial4 ,special ,ord]s3 ,relate to assignm5t & movem5t ( individuals1 n necess>y to be communicat$ to ! :ole comm&4 ,be>]s ( v]bal ord]s mu/ repeat4 ,field ,ord]s3 7#a7 ,head+4--,title1 place1 date1 h\r & numb]4 7#b7 ,di/ribution ( troops4--,division ( comm&4 7#c7 ,body3 7a7 ,in=mation ( enemy & support+ troops4 7b7 ,g5]al plan ( comm&]4 7c7 ,detail$ tactical dispositions to c>ry out g5]al plan4 7d7 ,in/ructions = tra9s--also ! positions ( ammunition & dress+ /ations4 7#d7 ,end+4--,au!ntication & me?od ( s5d+4 ,m>*es & ,convoys3 ,successful m>*4--,t :i* places troops at de/9ation on "t1 & 9 be/ possible condition4 ,rates ( ,m>*3 ,infantry4--#b to #b-a_/b miles p] h\r4 ,cavalry4--#d miles 7walk71 #h miles 7trot71 #ab miles 7gallop74 ,artill]y4--7,same47 ,av]age ,m>*es3 ,infantry4--#ae-bj miles p] day4 ,cavalry4--#be miles p] day4 ,artill]y4--#ae-bj miles p] day4 ,load ( pack mules equals #bej p\nds4 ,m>* ,ord]s1 ,/ate3 7#a7 ,object ( m>*4 7#b7 ,di/ribution ( troops4 7#c7 ,ord] ( m>* ( ma9 body4 7#d7 ,mann] ( =m+ ! column4 ,halts3 ,fir/ h\r1 #ae m9utes' re/4 ,ea* successive h\r1 a #aj-m9ute re/4 ,wea!r conditions create exceptions to above rule4 ,m>*es 9 ,peace3 7#a7 ,*ang+ /ation4 7#b7 ,practice4 ,9 ,w>3 7#a7 ,conc5tration4 7#b7 ,9 pres5ce ( enemy4 7#c7 ,=c$ m>*es4 7#d7 ,night m>*es4 ,convoys 7on ,l&73 ,^? tra9s by :i* supplies are =w>d$ to an army f depots1 etc41 9 ! re>--also tra9s br++ supplies collect$ by requisition4 ,security ,furni%$ by an ,escort3 7#a7 ,advance gu>d4 7#b7 ,ma9 body4 7#c7 ,flank gu>d :5 necess>y4 7#d7 ,re> gu>d4 ,favorable places = attack+ convoys3 ,?r\gh woods defile4 ,ov] h$ges4 ,%>p b5ds4 ,asc5d+ or desc5d+ slopes4 ,f>m+ corral1 wat]+4 ,:5ev] conditions are su* t escort _c quickly prep>e = def5se4 ,conduct+ ,prison]s3 #aj foot soldi]s to e #ajj prison]s4 ,infantry3 ,! pr9cipal arm1 *>g$ ) ! ma9 field "w4 ,its role is ! role ( ! entire =ce & its success is ! success ( ! :ole =ce4 ,artill]y3 ,! close support+ arm ( ! infantry4 ,its t>gets are ^? mo/ dang]\s 9 ! eyes ( ! infantry4 ,cavalry3 ,reconnaissance--supports ! o!r arms & is valuable 9 pursuit4 ,combat3 ,(f5sive4 ,def5sive4 7a7 ,tempor>y4 7b7 ,passive def5se4 ,combat ,pr9ciples3 ,fire sup]iority4 ,unity ( comm&4 ,simple & direct plans & me?ods4 ,all troops necess>y to mission mu/ be assign$ at beg9n+4 ,deta*m5ts ju/ifiable only :5 !y c contribute directly to success ( ma9 battle4 ,"s res]ves mu/ be kept4 ,flank protection & reconnaissance4 ,fire ,sup]iority3 ,mu/ be ga9$ e>ly & ma9ta9$4 ,frontage ( ,units3 ,dep? 9 =mation = combat r ?an ext5sion ( l9e4 ,res]ves3 ,fre% troops mu/ be on h& to 7#a7 ,give fire l9e impetus4 7#b7 ,to p5etrate enemy l9es4 7#c7 ,to fill gaps & help reorganization4 7#d7 ,to meet c\nt] attacks4 ,plan ( ,action3 ,mission ( army is to w9 battle4 ,(f5sive action mu/ be ! rule4 ,:5 enemy is ne> e available means mu/ be tak5 to ga9 in=mation1 9 ord] to prep>e = deploym5t4 ,(f5sive ,combat3 ,! attack develops into #b p>ts4 7#a7 ,assault+ ho/ile position at select$ po9ts4 7#b7 ,?reat5 or assault all o!r p>ts ( enemy l9e 9 ord] to hold enemy f re9=c+ op]ations4 ,envelop+ ,attack3 ,advantage ( conv]g+ fire ^u position4 ,hold+ ,attack3 ,an attack = hold+ enemy 9 "o place1 :ile assaults made at ano!r po9t4 ,assaults3 ,! local conc5trat$ (f5sive4 ,pursuit3 ,only by en]getic pursuit c ! full fruit ( victory be glean$4 ,its purpose is to cause ! greate/ loss 9 p]sonnel & morale possible cavalry & artill]y active4 ,def5sive ,combat3 ,passive def5se--to ga9 "t1 or to hold c]ta9 po9ts p5d+ results 9 o!r p>ts ( ! l9e4 ,def5se seek+ a favorable decision--a p>ry+ ( bl[s :ile seek+ a favorable op5+4 ,c\nt] attack ! crisis ( ?is =m4 ,c\nt] attack--made by laun*+ res]ves at ! flank1 :ile ! enemy is fully committ$ to ! attack4 ,def5sive ,positions3 ,requisites3 ,cle> field ( fire4 ,flanks naturally secure4 ,ext5t ( gr\nd suitable to /r5g? ( =ce4 ,effective corps = res]ves4 ,good l9es ( retreat4 ,good communication4 ,position 9 ,read9ess3 ,a position int5d$ to resi/ ! advance ( an enemy 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity in=mation ( ^: movem5ts is n full en\gh to w>rant def9ite action4 ,)drawal ,f ,action3 ,troops mo/ readily dis5gag$ f ! enemy %\ld be )drawn fir/4 ,dem&s highe/ ord] ( skill 9 troop lead]%ip4 ,cov]+ ,positions--^? positions *os5 to cov] ! retreat+ =ce4 ,retreat--a /ep by /ep opposition to ! enemy's advance on a pre>rang$ plan4 ,delay+ actions3 #a4 ,advance delay$ z long z possible1 consi/5t ) safe )drawal4 #b4 ,delay]s mu/ hold position4 ,night ,combat3 ,(f5sive advisable4 #a4 ,:]e fire sup]iority is impossible by day4 #b4 ,to avoid heavy losses by advance to assault+ position by day4 #c4 ,to capture po/s or patrols4 #d4 ,to surprise = moral effect4 ,def5sive3 ,ob/acles 9 front ( position4 ,tr5*es heavily mann$ & supports drawn close4 ,%elt]3 ,troops "u canvas--9 camp4 ,troops on gr\nd )\t canvas--biv\ac4 ,troops 9 huts or villages--cantonm5t4 ,tactical consid]ations are p>am\nt 9 ! selection ( camp sites 9 ! !at] ( op]ations4 ,selection ( ,camp ,site3 #a4 ,suitably l>ge to accommodate comm&4 #b4 ,wat] supply suffici5t & accessible4 #c4 ,good roads to & 9 camp4 #d4 ,wood & grass =age ne> at h&4 #e4 ,s&y subsoil = dra9age4 #f4 ,hot wea!r %ade--cold protection4 ,to ma9ta9 ! effici5cy ( a comm&1 troops mu/ h adequate %elt]4 ,sanit>y ,consid]ations ,ar\nd ,camp3 ,latr9es on opposite side ( camp f kit*5s4 ,%ort camps1 /raddle tr5*es4 ,long camps1 tr5*es #b by #f by #ab ) seats4 ,h latr9es scre5$4 ,burn ! tr5*es out daily & keep cov]$4 ,wa% boxes & pa9t ) t>4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,answ]s ,,on ,f4,s4,r4 #a4 ,h[ are ! l& =ces ( ! ,u4,s4 organiz$8 ,ans4--,! ,mobile ,army consi/+ ( ,regul> ,army1 organiz$ l& militia :5 call$ to ,f$]al s]vice1 draft$ army1 volunte]s & ! field artill]y & ! ,coa/ ,artill]y4 ,basis ( organization is ! ,division compos$ ( all arms & self-suffici5t4 ,sev]al divisions may be gr\p$ into a field army1 to :i* are atta*$ field army troops4 ,^! are organiz$ into a brigade = purpose ( supply & adm9i/ration :5 necess>y ?r\gh numb]s4 ,coa/ ,artill]y is *>g$ ) ! c>e & use ( l& & coa/ =tifications1 includ+ subm>9e m9es & torp$o def5ses4 #b4 ,:at is ! object ( collect+ milit>y in=mation8 ,ans4--,to enable ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t to decide ^u ! size ( army or exp$ition1 ! proportions ( diff]5t arms1 ! "* ( clo?+1 equipm5t1 etc41 ne$$ = any op]ation4 ,in=mation collect$ by ! ,g54 ,/aff 9 "t ( peace %\ld include geography1 physical res\rces1 & milit>y /r5g? ( ! v>i\s nations4 #c4 ,def9e reconnaisance4 ,ans4--,reconnaisance is us$ to designate ! "w ( troops or individuals :5 ga!r+ in=mation 9 ! field4 ,x is necess>y dur+ combat = ! tactical use ( troops4 ,x is c>ri$ on by3 7a7 a]o squadron2 7b7 indep5d5t cavalry2 7c7 divisional cavalry2 7d7 by infantry z reconnoit]+ patrols4 #d4 ,:at are "s indications ( ! pres5ce ( ! enemy8 ,ans4--,clo?+ or mat]ial on roads or 9 ab&on$ camps4 ,a ?ick1 l[ cl\d ( du/ indicates infantry4 ,a high1 ?9 cl\d cavalry4 ,a brok5 cl\d artill]y or wagon tra9s4 ,h[ w\ld y det]m9e f ^! indications :at ! numb] & organization ( ! enemy might be8 ,ans4--,e/imate /r5g? by l5g? ( "t x takes to pass a giv5 po9t4 ,assum+ t infantry 9 column ( squads occupies half a y>d p] man1 cavalry 9 column ( f\rs #a y>d p] troop]1 & artill]y 9 s+le column #bj y>ds p] gun or caisson1 a giv5 po9t w\ld be pass$ 9 "o m9ute by ab\t3 #age infantry1 #aaj cavalry at walk1 #bjj cavalry at trot1 #e guns or caissons4 #e4 ,suppose on patrol & safely conceal$ = sight+ ! enemy at no great di/ance1 by :at r\gh me?od w\ld y asc]ta9 ! approximate /r5g? ( ! =ce assum+ x to be compos$ ( infantry1 cavalry & artill]y8 ,see answ] ,no4 #d4 #f4 ,:at is ! composition & arrangem5t ( ! advance gu>d8 ,ans4--,all arms ( ! s]vice4 ,9 op5 c\ntry mu* cavalry & field artill]y1 ! latt] seldom assign$ to comm& small] ?an a brigade4 ,also ma*9e guns1 ambulance company if ! =ce is l>ge & eng9e]s = purpose ( remov+ ob/acles to ! m>*4 ,l>ge comm&2 advance cavalry1 support1 res]ve4 ,small comm&2 po9t1 advance p>ty1 support1 res]ve4 ,/r5g? %\ld be #a_/bj to #a_/c1 dep5d+ on size ( comm& & "* ( t]ra94 ,advance gu>d increases 9 size proportionately ) size ( comm&4 ,:y8 #g4 ,def9e3 7a7 ,outgu>d2 !y con/itute small deta*m5ts f>!/ to ! front & ne>e/ to ! enemy4 7b7 ,cossack po/2 obs]vation gr\p at indicat$ po9t consi/+ ( f\r m51 po/ s+le s5t9el4 7c7 ,picket2 small comm& up to platoon plac$ 9 l9e ( outgu>ds at m important po9ts su* z road =ks4 #h4 ,:at is an ord]8 ,ans4--,ord]s are us$ by comm&]s ( divisions & sep>ate brigades = regulat+ ! movem5t & supply ( field tra9s1 fix+ position ( di/ribut+ po9ts = rations & =age1 9 %ort1 h to d ) supplies ( all k9ds1 especially food4 ,=m3 ,! head+4 ,! di/ribution ( troops 79 c]ta9 ord]s74 ,! body4 ,! end+4 ,! ,body conta9s3 #a4 ,in=mation ab\t ! enemy & our support+ troops4 #b4 ,g5]al plan ( ! comm&]4 #c4 ,disposition ( ! troops4 #d4 ,in/ructions = ! tra9s4 #e4 ,:]e ! comm&] may be f\nd or messages are to be s5t4 #i4 ,dur+ an advance :at is ! g5]al ord] ( advance ( a column8 ,ans4--,cavalry & horse artill]y4 ,infantry & light artill]y4 ,eng9e]+ & signal troops4 ,tra9s4 #aj4 ,:at is ! av]age m>* p] day ( v>i\s arms8 ,ans4--,infantry1 #ae miles p] day4 ,infantry 9 l>ge bodies1 #ab miles p] day4 ,cavalry1 #be miles p] day4 ,field artill]y1 #ae to #bj miles p] day4 ,horse artill]y1 same z cavalry1 to :i* x may be atta*$4 ,=c$ m>*es are f #bh to #cj miles = infantry4 #aa4 ,h[ is ! escort di/ribut$ 9 gu>d$ convoys8 ,ans4--,advance gu>d1 ) advance cavalry #c to #e miles ahead4 ,ma9 body may be opposite mo/ important po9t ( ! tra91 usually opposite its c5t]4 ,section ( infantry at head & tail ( tra94 ,flank gu>d--if necess>y4 ,re> gu>d--#a_/f ( escort4 ,:at places are mo/ favorable = attack+ convoy8 ,:5 pass+ ?r\gh woods1 defile1 or ov] bridge1 :5 go+ ar\nd %>p b5ds 9 ! road2 :5 convoy is =m+ corral4 #ab4 ,discuss uses ( ! v>i\s arms 9 combat4 ,ans4--,infantry3 ,! mo/ important arm1 *>g$ ) ! ma9 "w ( ! battle4 ,artill]y3 ,support+ arm ( infantry4 ,its t>get is ! oppos+ arm mo/ dang]\s to ! infantry4 ,cavalry3 ,reconnaisance be=e combat1 support ( o!r arms dur+ combat4 #ac4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! attack & ! assault8 ,ans4--,9 combat :]e ! =ce is z l>ge or l>g] ?an a division1 a simultane\s advance aga9/ ! entire ho/ile front is out ( ! "q4 ,attack is made up ( a numb] ( local combats4 ,"s :]e enemy is engag$ ) view to driv+ him out4 ,?is is call$ ! assault4 ,o!r p>ts ( attack ) few] troops simply to keep ! enemy f com+ to ! support ( ^? troops ( ! assault$ l9es4 ,! entire advance aga9/ ! enemy is ! attack4 ,aft] ! fir+ l9es h advanc$ "s di/ance ! weak & ! /rong po9ts ( ! enemy's l9es are disclos$4 ,! weak po9ts ( c\rse are select$4 #ad4 ,discuss ! mann] 9 :i* a pursuit %\ld be c>ri$ out8 ,ans4--,if enemy comm5ces )drawal be=e front l9es h giv5 way1 troops 9 action pu% =w>d until enemy 9 _! front are driv5 away4 ,cavalry & horse artill]y are ?r[n aga9/ flanks ( retreat+ enemy1 or on _! front4 ,purpose to fur!r disorganize ! enemy1 beat him to bridges1 defiles1 etc4 ,9 meantime res]ve is s5t into ! pursuit1 :ile troops engag$ are assembl+ to con/itute a new res]ve4 ,g5]al s*eme is to keep 9 cont9u\s contact ) enemy1 giv+ him no *ance to reorganize4 ,boldness necess>y4 #ae4 ,:at are ! diff]5t k9ds ( def5se1 & :at is ! purpose ( ea*8 ,ans4--7a7 ,passive2 to reta9 position = specifi$ "t ) or )\t combat1 or to prev5t enemy f c>ry+ position4 7b7 ,def5se seek+ favorable decision2 troops =c$ tempor>ily to assume ! def5sive1 ) int5tion ( assum+ ! (f5sive at fir/ favorable opportunity4 #af4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! c\nt] attack8 ,ans4--,to w9 victory1 /ave (f defeat or prev5t l9es f be+ ent]$4 ,x may be laun*$ ei!r at ! enemy's /rong or weak po9ts dep5d+ on conditions4 ,if enemy are beat5 (f & disorganiz$ at "s po9t1 x may be good opportunity to foll[ up ! advantage by c\nt] attack4 ,also at o!r po9ts :]e weakness develops4 ,c\nt] attack is made at /r5g? ( enemy to prev5t him f p5etrat+ ! def5sive position4 #ag4 ,h[ %\ld advance position be organiz$ & held8 ,ans4--,=ce %\ld n be s weak t x c be driv5 back to ma9 body be=e x accompli%es its purpose1 nor s /rong t x w hold out too long1 !reby committ+ ! entire =ce to action 9 advance l9e in/ead ( ! l9e select$4 ,tr5*es4 ,:at is position 9 read9ess8 ,troops plac$ 9 read9ess = action :]e x is int5d$ to resi/ ! advance ( enemy 9 imm$iate vic9ity1 b k ( 8 movem5ts n yet suffici5tly def9ite to decide ^u plan ( action4 ,prelim9>y to tak+ up (f5sive1 or m usually to tak+ up & occupy+ def5sive position4 ,ha/5 deploym5t :5 "t comes4 #ah4 ,if x becomes necess>y to )draw troops f action /ate /eps necess>y to insure ! safety ( troops dur+ ! )drawal & retreat4 ,ans4--,la/ res]ves %\ld be us$4 ,if none1 troops lea/ press$ us$ to cov] )drawal4 ,cavalry & artill]y us$ unsp>+ly4 ,dep5ds on ! t]ra94 ,fir/ cov]+ position well to ! re> s z n to suff] demoralization4 ,on flanks ( l9e ( retreat4 ,!re %\ld also be facilities to )draw ! occupy+ =ce4 ,fir+ l9e made z /rong z possible1 m9imum ( res]ves held4 ,use ,m4,g4 ,p]haps successive cov]+ po9ts necess>y fur!r to re> be=e advance ( enemy c be *eck$4 ,:5 a few miles to ! re>1 or f> en\gh to free troops f all contact ) ! enemy1 reorganize4 ,/ep-by-/ep opposition useless4 ,numb] ( cov]+ positions %\ld be r$uc$ to ! m9imum4 ,retreat2 tra9s at once put into m>*4 ,o!r =ces at once put into ord] ( m>*4 ,all roads us$1 sep>ate roads = divisions4 ,effective re> gu>d f troops ^: /r5g? & morale is lea/ impair$4 ,divisional cavalry & z mu* artill]y z c effectively be us$4 ,use artill]y at long range to keep ! enemy deploy$1 de/roy bridges1 etc4 ,,*apt] #i4 ,fe$+ ,m54 ,,9 ,,camp4--,y w usually h pl5ty ( food b cont9ual inspect+ is necess>y to h x prop]ly c>$ =1 prep>$ & s]v$4 ,! kit*5 mu/ be kept clean3 company comm&]s inspect daily & insi/ on ! foll[+3 #a4 ,h cooks & enli/$ m5 come to att5tion at ! comm& ( ! fir/ man :o sees y approa*4 #b4 ,h all refrig]ators op5$1 & put y\r head 9 f> en\gh to detect any bad odors4 #c4 ,*eck ! bill ( f>e & see t food n consum$ "o day is utiliz$ lat]--wa/e bread = bread pudd+1 = example4 #d4 ,see t doors close prop]ly1 t w9d[s are scre5$ & ro( is tight--all[ no flies4 #e4 ,h floors1 tables & refrig]ators scrubb$ daily4 #f4 ,h ! gr\nd ar\nd ! mess %ack rak$ & ?or\ghly polic$4 ,t[els hung out to dry mu/ be s hung z n to fall to ! gr\nd4 ,rak$ gr\nd does n all[ flies to build undi/urb$4 #g4 ,ta/e ! c(fee & look 9 ! c(fee b9s4 #h4 ,inspect pans1 knives1 meat gr9d] 7h latt] tak5 ap>t = y occasionally74 #i4 ,see t ! mess s]geant looks aft] ! inc9]ator prop]ly2 t he makes ! cooks use :at he tells !m to4 ,cooks %\ld n be all[$ to help !mselves to ?+s2 ! mess s]geant %\ld weigh out or set out j :at is to be us$ ea* day4 #aj4 ,h ! food s]v$ hot & 9 individual portions z f> z possible2 see t ! food is n put on ! table too soon4 #aa4 ,dur+ ea* mon? talk ) an old soldi]1 a raw recruit & a non-commission$ (fic] ab\t ! mess to see :at ! m5 ?9k ( x4 ,,on ,,! ,,m>*4--7#a4 i4d4r41 #ffi-fgc47 ,if portable kit*5s accompany troops1 ! m5 %\ld fall 9 9 s+le file & be help$ to food z !y pass by 9 companies4 ,,= ,,individual ,,cook+4--,rations issu$ might be3 #a c>ton ( h>d-tack1 #a ration ( bacon1 #a potato1 #b tablespoons ( rice1 #a heap+ tablespoon ( c(fee1 sug>4 ,fires = individual cook+ are be/ made out ( small dri$ twigs to produce a hot fire l>ge en\gh = a gr\p ( f\r m54 ,!re are two me?ods ( cook+ ) ! issue mess-kit4 ,fir/ ,me?od3 ,ea* man cook+ = himself4 ,z !re are b two cook+ ut5sils1 ! t9 cup & ! fry+ pan1 ! cook+ mu/ be sy/ematiz$ 9 ord] to cook f\r articles on ! two ut5sils4 ,to d ?is1 ! rice is fir/ cook$ 9 ! t9 cup fill+ ! t9 cup "o-?ird full ( wat] ?r[+ 9 ! rice4 ,! wat] is br\ght to a boil & boil$ until ! individual gra9s ( rice are s(t ?r\gh4 ,! t9 cup is !n remov$ f ! fire1 ! wat] p\r$ (f1 & ! cup cov]$ ) ! lid ( ! mess t91 ! rice be+ all[$ to /eam4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! bacon %\ld be fri$ 9 ! fry+ pan1 ! grease be+ sav$4 ,:5 ! rice is well /eam$1 x is turn$ out 9 ! lid ( ! meat c1 !n ! bacon plac$ on top ( x4 ,! t9 cup is wa%$ out & ! man is !n ready to fry 8 potato & boil 8 c(fee4 ,! cup is fill$ two-?irds full ( wat] & ! c(fee plac$ 9 x & boil$ until ! desir$ /r5g? is atta9$4 ,to prev5t ! c(fee f boil+ ov]1 a cante5 ( wat] %\ld be h&y & wat] ?r[n 9 :5ev] ! c(fee beg9s to boil ov]4 ,:5 ! c(fee is /rong en\gh1 ! addition ( cold wat] w settle ! gr\nds4 ,9 ! meantime1 cut ! potatoes v ?9 & fry !m 9 ! bacon grease & ! meal is ready3 h>d-tack1 potatoes1 rice1 bacon & c(fee4 ,second ,me?od3 ,squads ( f\r may specialize2 "o man to collect ! fry+ pans & fry all ! bacon1 ano!r ! potatoes1 ano!r ! rice & c(fee1 & ! o!r = collection ( wood4 ,ei!r me?od may be foll[$4 ,mess-kits %\ld be clean$ imm$iately aft] us+1 s& be+ us$ = sc\r+4 ,mess-kits mu/ be clean$ ?or\ghly4 ,,9 ,,! ,,tr5*es4--,usually rations & /ores w be c>ri$ up to ! tr5*es by ! supports & ! res]ves4 ,if ?is is n possible & x becomes necess>y t m5 f ! front l9e tr5*es be employ$1 n m ?an #aj p] c5t ( ! m5 9 ! fir+ l9e are to be away f ! tr5*es at ! same "t4 ,,rations ,,& ,,cook+3 7a7 ,ration p>ties f ! support & res]ve tr5*es w be made up 9 complete units1 i4e41 platoons or companies4 7b7 ,! company mess s]geant w accompany ! ration p>ties = 8 company & w report 8 arrival to ! company comm&]4 7c7 ,great c>e is to be tak5 t ration & c>ry+ p>ties make z little noise z possible4 7d7 ,cook+ if possible w be done beh9d ! front l9e tr5*es1 & %\ld be conc5trat$ by sections or companies4 ,/eps mu/ be tak5 to insure t z little smoke z possible is made by ! cook's fires4 7e7 ,wa/e 9 any =m w be disc\rag$4 7f7 ,arrangem5ts %\ld be made to insure t s\p or "s hot dr9k be available = ! m5 betwe5 midnight & #g a4m4 ,ea* company comm&] mu/ see t timely requisitions = rations are made & to h no delays at meal times4 ,food %\ld be br\ght up 9 t9 boil]s ab\t ! size ( wa% boil]s s t two m5 c h&le "o ( !m easily )\t a relief4 ,9 front l9e1 m5 s5d mess kit relay$ f h& to h& to ^! boil]s at /ations 9 ea* platoon or section & !y are relay$ back4 ,sometimes m5 9 ! front l9e are reliev$ = a few m9utes4 ,always c>ry #bd h\rs rations4 ,camp+ & ,camp ,sanitation4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples3 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 select+ a camp site1 b x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ! tactical situation is ( p>am\nt importance4 ,! foll[+ pr9ciples gov]n ! selection3 7#a7 ,suffici5t supply ( pure wat]4 7#b7 ,good roads1 b n too ne> a ma9 highway on acc\nt ( du/ & noise4 7#c7 ,wood & =age mu/ be obta9able4 ,! gr\nd %\ld3 7#a7 ,give ample room )\t cr[d+4 7#b7 ,h por\s soil4 7#c7 ,h high elevation to make site dry4 ,avoid3 7#a7 ,m>%y gr\nd & mosquitoes4 7#b7 ,woods or d5se vegetation4 7#c7 ,rav9es or depressions 9 t]ra9 or dry /ream b$s subject to sudd5 fre%ets4 ,wat] mu/ be obta9able3 7#a7 ,arrange imm$iately :]e to obta9 7a7 ,dr9k+ & cook+ wat]4 7b7 ,wat] = animals4 7c7 ,wat] = ba?+ & wa%+4 ,9 ! case ( runn+ wat]1 ! po9t fur!/ up-/ream %all be gu>d$ = dr9k+ & cook+ wat]4 ,ba?+ %all be done at a po9t fur!/ d[n-/ream4 ,successful milit>y camp+ dep5ds ^u ?ree 7#c7 ?+s3 7#a7 ,discipl9e4 7#b7 ,cook+4 7#c7 ,sanitation4 ,discipl9e means control2 x means ord]4 ,n[h]e are ^! m ess5tial4 ,confusion is loss ( control1 loss ( "t1 & loss ( respect by ! m54 ,^u arrival at a favorable camp site get ! m5 (f _! feet4 ,d n wait ar\nd4 ,z ,c4,o4 h y\r decisions made & ! "w organiz$1 s t ea* squad w be "u a lead]4 ,keep squads toge!r1 all[+ none to /ray (f until ! "w is done1 !n let ev]yone re/ except ! s5t9els4 ,d n omit to po/ s5t9els ov] ! wat] supply & at important po9ts1 ev5 ?\gh y h n decid$ ^u ! exact location ( camp4 ,organize ! "w by platoons or squads & rotate1 if camp is to be made e few days4 ,discipl9e 9 camp means m ?an ord] & dispat*1 h[ev]1 m5 mu/ und]/& t !y are "u discipl9e :5 (f duty--t !y _c disreg>d sanit>y measures1 eat promiscu\sly1 de/roy prop]ty1 vegetation1 or timb] & mu/ police ! gr\nds at all times4 ,pap]s1 cig>ette butts1 & newspap]s1 %\ld nev] be all[$ on ! gr\nd ne> camp4 ,eatables %\ld nev] be kept 9 t5ts to draw v]m94 ,:]e possible1 9 dry wea!r1 ! company /reet %\ld be wet d[n to keep ! du/ out ( ! t5ts4 ,h m5 dit* ar\nd t5ts imm$iately ^u mak+ camp4 ,?\gh x may seem some:at ( a h>d%ip1 a sudd5 d[n p\r ( ra91 w recomp5se !m = ?is labor _m times ov]4 ,9 dit*+ ! t5ts1 completely circle !m1 = if ?is is n done a great deal ( ra9 w come 9 ! front ( ! t5t4 ,food means ev]y?+ to a soldi]4 ,! camp cook+ is a b>omet] ( ! organiz$ effici5cy & ( ! enli/$ m5's attitude4 ,no?+ else c d s mu* to help or h9d]4 ,! ,company ,comm&] %\ld realize ! controll+ p[] ex]cis$ by ! company cook & keep ! matt] 9 8 own h&s4 ,he %\ld accept no excuse = burnt or dirty food4 ,if (fic]s mess ) _! companies !y w appreciate ! attitude ( ! m5 & be able to judge ! real situation4 ,(fic]s w be well repaid = do+ ?is1 z x gives !m an idea ( ! food t is be+ s]v$ _! m54 ,9 ! me*anical details ( prep>+ food1 ! fire is ( fir/ importance4 ,a quick me?od ( cook+ is by lay+ a pair ( l>ge gre5 logs on ! surface ( ! gr\nd j wide en\gh to place ! pots betwe5 !m1 s t ! bottom ( ! pots w be re/+ ^u !m4 ,build a fire betwe5 ^! logs1 mak+ sure to place ! logs p>allel to ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,a pit may be dug1 ) a slop+ bottom1 & across ?is may be plac$ ! pots1 & if iron rails are available1 ! ut5sils may be plac$ on ^!4 ,= long] /ays ?is pit may be l9$ ) /one4 ,/ones reta9 ! heat & less wood is requir$4 ,f\r tr5*es radiat+ f a c5tral *imney w give "o flue :atev] may be ! direction ( ! w9d4 7,= m specific data on ! subject ( fires & camp cook+1 see ,manual = ,army ,cooks--,u4,s4,a4--also notes 9 i4d4r41 pp4 #aed-aee47 ,make a rule nev] to all[ food to rema9 9 t9 cans aft] op5+ !m4 ,rememb] to place kit*5 ne> available wat] supply & fur!/ f latr9es1 horse picket l9es1 or dumps ( any k9d4 ,sanitation comes la/ 9 ! ?\ghts ( ! enli/$ man1 b x is no less important = t4 ,! fir/ requisite is cleanl9ess4 ,food receptacles mu/ be sc\r$ & cov]s & cracks 9 t9 w>e scrap$ z well z scald+ ! t9s !mselves4 ,h boil+ hot wat] 9 tanks 7galvaniz$ iron a% cans are good7 = m5 to wa% mess kits 9 aft] meals4 ,"o c %\ld conta9 soapy wat] s z to cut ! grease f ! di%es1 & ! second tank %\ld conta9 clean1 boil+ wat] = scald+ ! kits4 ,scraps ( food %\ld be scrap$ f ! mess t9s be=e imm]s+ !m 9 wat]1 o!rwise wa%+ wat] becomes fill$ ) small p>ticles ( food4 ,wip+ clo?s w greatly add to ! conv5i5ce ( ! m5 & takes b a %ort "t to make !m clean & fit = use aga94 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ ov] ?ree k9ds ( wa/e3 7#a7 ,g>bage4 7#b7 ,kit*5 slops4 7#c7 ,excreta4 ,g>bage c be burn$ 9 ! kit*5 fires4 ,x %\ld nev] /& expos$ to ! air1 b %\ld be tightly cov]$ 9 iron cans1 & %\ld be dispos$ ( e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,kit*5 help h an av]sion to prompt disposal ( g>bage & ne$ wat*+4 ,fly traps %\ld be made ( musl9 & us$ freely ab\t ! kit*54 ,kit*5 slops1 fats1 greasy wat]1 etc41 mu/ be dra9$ into cov]$ pits1 nev] all[+ !m to be toss$ on ! gr\nd ar\nd ! cook t5t4 ,a hole dug & p>tially fill$ ) /ones ) a b>rel plac$ upside d[n on !m1 makes a v good receptacle = kit*5 slops4 ,! b>rel %\ld be plac$ s t ! inv]t$ top w be a little way b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,a hole %\ld be bor$ 9 ! bottom ( ! b>rel & a funnel ins]t$1 ?r\gh :i* ! slops may be p\r$4 ,if ! soil is por\s1 a tr\gh may be dug & cov]$ ) mosquito nett+ or *eese clo?1 & ! wat] p\r$ ?r\gh ?is & all[$ to dra9 (f4 ,excreta is ! mo/ deadly =m ( wa/e1 & too mu* c>e _c be ex]cis$ 9 dispos+ ( x4 ,impress ^u e man t he mu/ cov] completely ) dirt all excreta s t flies may n h a *ance to approa* x4 ,= %ort /ops & :ile work+ 9 ! field /raddle1 latr9es are ! be/4 ,^! are %all[ tr5*es ! wid? ( a %ovel1 ab\t #ab in*es wide1 & sev]al feet 9 l5g?4 ,= long /ops a deep latr9e is dug ( ! foll[+ dim5sions3 #b feet wide1 #f feet deep by #ae feet long4 ,two po/s ) crot*es1 driv5 at ! ends ( ?is tr5*1 support+ a sub/antial pole to make a seat 99 99 99 = conv5i5ce a h& rail plac$ 9 front ( ?is improvis$ seat w add to ! com=t ( ! m54 ,a m p]man5t latr9e is made by cov]+ ! pit ) a wood5 box1 9 ! top ( :i* are cut holes ( ! necess>y diamet]4 ,to ^! holes %\ld be fitt$ spr+ cov]s :i* w %ut d[n tightly4 ,a wood5 frame bo>d$ ar\nd ?is arrangem5t makes a satisfactory enclosure4 ,a ur9al made ( two long bo>ds jo9$ toge!r to =m a ,v-%ap$ tr\gh & dra9$ by a pipe into ! pit completes ! :ole4 ,a pit* suffici5t = rapid dra9age %\ld be giv5 ! ur9al tr\gh4 ,:5 necess>y to utilize sep>ate ur9als1 a hole fill$ ) /one & spr9kl$ daily ) quicklime is suffici5t = %ort p]iods4 ,at night !re %\ld be a galvaniz$ iron c plac$ 9 ea* company /reet & empti$ be=e reveille ea* morn+4 ,?is c mu/ be dis9fect$ by burn+ out1 z mu/ be ! latr9es :5 e>? or s& is n us$ z a cov]+ ea* "t4 ,pits mu/ be cov]$ daily ) quicklime1 a%es1 e>? & fill$ :5 )9 two 7#b7 feet ( ! surface4 ,_! position %\ld be di/9ctly m>k$ s z to prev5t reop5+4 ,x is a safe rule nev] to use an old camp gr\nd1 b select a new "o1 ev5 if less conv5i5tly locat$4 ,camp sites %\ld be *ang$ if x is f\nd t ! soil is becom+ pollut$1 or if ! gr\nd is cut up & du/y f con/ant use4 ,! condition 9 :i* a camp site is left by an organization w cle>ly indicate ! effici5cy & discipl9e 9 a comm&4 ,,*apt] #aj4 ,p]sonal ,hygi5e & ,fir/ ,aid4 ,?is is a purely arbitr>y gr\p+ ( topics = ! purpose ( sav+ space4 ,ei!r ( ! topics m5tion$ c\ld be treat$ at l5g?2 detail$ in=mation w be f\nd 9 any ( ! ref]5ce books m5tion$ 9 ! bibliography4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e means ! pres]vation ( heal? by att5tion to ! c>e ( ! body2 x is det]m9$ by ! =mation ( correct habits4 ,cleanl9ess ( p]son1 clo?+ & b$d+ %\ld become a habit ( life ) ! soldi]2 b "s m5 w always require wat*+ & admonition4 ,^! habits are3 p]sonal cleanl9ess2 regulation ( diet2 avoidance ( excesses 7eat+1 dr9k+ & sexual matt]s72 we>+ suitable clo?+2 keep+ ! bodily processes at "w 7kidneys1 b[els & sk972 tak+ suffici5t ex]cise1 pref]ably 9 ! op5 air2 re/ ( body & m9d1 ) recreation = ! latt]2 ma9ta9+ ! surr\nd+s 9 :i* "o lives 9 a cleanly /ate4 ,,ba?+ is easily ! mo/ important requirem5t 9 matt]s ( p]sonal hygi5e2 m5 %\ld ba! z (t5 z conditions ( life 9 b>racks & camp w p]mit4 ,on ! m>* a vigor\s dry rub ) a co>se t[el w (t5 prove an excell5t sub/itute :5 wat] is n available4 ,tee? %\ld be clean$ at lea/ twice daily4 ,clo?+ %\ld be kept clean1 p>ticul>ly und]clo?+4 ,diet is n a matt] :i* a soldi] c det]m9e to any ext5t = himself2 b he c foll[ a c]ta9 few precautions3 #a4 ,don't eat hurri$ly2 *ew ! food prop]ly4 #b4 ,don't ov]load ! /oma*4 #c4 ,don't eat gre5 or ov]ripe fruit4 #d4 ,don't eat any?+ :ile away f camp or b>racks1 ^: mat]ials or mann] ( prep>ation seem que/ionable4 #e4 ,don't br+ a gr\* to ! table ) y4 #f4 ,don't eat on ! m>*2 don't dr9k too mu* wat] on ! m>*4 ,,sexual ,,indulg5ce is a matt] to be h&l$ tactfully1 b ) absolute frankness4 ,m5 %\ld be taught t x is n a matt] ( necessity2 t _! heal? w n suff] by any lack ( x2 t !y !mselves w be ! suff]]s = any violations ( rules ( heal?4 ,! proc$ure direct$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t = purposes ( combatt+ infection is z foll[s3 #a4 ,t physical inspections ( enli/$ m5 be made twice ea* mon? = ! detection ( v5]eal disease4 #b4 ,t any soldi] :o exposes himself to infection %all report = cleans+ & prev5tive treatm5t imm$iately ^u return to camp or g>rison4 #c4 ,t any soldi] :o fails s to report1 if f\nd to be suff]+ f a v5]eal infection1 %all be br\ght to trial by c\rt m>tial = neglect ( duty4 #d4 ,t m5 s infect$ %all be conf9$ /rictly to ! limits ( ! po/ dur+ ! infecti\s /ages ( ! disease4 #e4 ,t all (fic]s s]v+ ) troops %all d _! utmo/ to enc\rage heal?ful ex]cises & physical recreation & to supply opportunities = cleanly social & int]e/+ m5tal occupations = ! m5 "u _! comm&4 #f4 ,t company & m$ical (fic]s %all take advantage ( favorable opportunities to po9t out ! mis]y & disa/] t foll[ ^u moral uncleanl9ess2 & ! fact t v5]eal disease is nev] a trivial affair4 ,) a great _m m5 ^! precautions & measures w n be necess>y b = ! sake ( ^? :o are ignorant or neglectful1 prop] /eps %\ld at all times be tak54 ,,ex]cise4--,a suffici5t am\nt ( ex]cise to ma9ta9 heal? is ord9>ily provid$ by milit>y drills & o!r duties requir+ active movem5t4 ,b ?is %\ld be reg>d$ only z ! m9imum ( ex]cise2 a?letic "w %\ld be enc\rag$ 7& ?is w be done by ! pres5t activities ( ^? high] up72 bayonet tra9+ w be f\nd an excell5t m$ium ( accompli%+ a d\ble purpose2 cali/h5ics %\ld be %ort b snappy & vigor\s4 ,a vigor\s policy ( an (fic] z reg>ds ?+s ( ?is sort w w>d (f a great _m m9or ills & p>ticul>ly colds1 :i* are (t5 ! result ( poor v5tilation4 ,,cleanl9ess ,,( ,,surr\nd+s4--,m5 %\ld be taught t cleanl9ess ( surr\nd+s is n m]ely = purposes ( inspection2 b t x is absolutely necess>y :]e a great numb] ( m5 are liv+ toge!r 9 close qu>t]s4 ,qu>t]s %\ld be well polic$2 ! company /reet %\ld be kept clean2 refuse ( all sorts %\ld be kept 9 receptacles provid$ = t purpose & frequ5tly remov$4 ,a police squad appo9t$ daily %\ld be *>g$ ) ?is "w1 & ! corporal ( ! same made responsible = ! condition ( qu>t]s & ! company /reet4 ,,prev5table ,,diseases4--,m5 %\ld be giv5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( !oretical k ( prev5table diseases4 ,^! matt]s w be tak5 c>e ( to a l>ge ext5t by ! ,m$ical ,corps2 b m5 %\ld be taught j :at precautions are necess>y to avoid rec\rse to ! hospital4 ,,v5]eal diseases h already be5 t\*$ ^u4 ,,typhoid ,,fev] is a g]m disease & communicable4 ,vacc9ation is ! fir/ prev5tive2 protection ( wat] supply is ! second2 ?or\gh disposal ( wa/es is a ?ird2 & %>p puni%m5t = violation ( sanit>y regulations is a f\r?4 ,habits ( p]sonal cleanl9ess w d mu* to prev5t any su* disease4 ,,dys5t]y is v common 9 field s]vice1 b may be prev5t$ by same me?ods z = typhoid fev]1 save = vacc9ation2 m5 suff]+ f ?is malady %\ld be isolat$1 if possible1 & utmo/ precaution tak5 to prev5t spread ( ! disease4 ,,mal>ia is a mosquito disease2 get rid ( mosquitoes & !n y w get rid ( ! c>ri] ( ! g]ms4 ,qu99e may act z a prev5tive4 ,cases %\ld be isolat$1 if possible4 ,,tonsilitis ,,& ,,colds may be combatt$ v effectively by prop] precautions z to v5tilation4 ,,measles4--,v important b little kn[n2 isolation recomm5d$4 ,!re are _m o!r diseases conc]n+ :i* ! m5 %\ld be in/ruct$1 b lack ( space prev5ts fur!r treatm5t ( !m4 ,!y %\ld be taught ! prop] treatm5t ( bli/]$ feet1 = !y incapacitate a great _m m52 ! *ief causes are ill-fitt+ %oes & our old fri5d uncleanl9ess4 ,%oes are ! mo/ important article ( clo?+ ( ! infantryman2 ea* man %\ld h "o pair well brok5 9 = m>*+1 & two o!r pairs4 ,socks %\ld be s(t1 smoo? & )\t holes--also clean4 ,fur!r /eps = ! prev5tion ( bli/]s are2 h>d5+ ( ! sk9 by appropriate ba?s = ! feet2 soap+ ! feet2 or adopt+ "s o!r means ( r$uc+ ! friction ( ! foot aga9/ ! sock4 ,treatm5t--,wa% ! feet2 op5 ! bli/] at ! l[e/ po9t1 ) a clean ne$le2 dress ) vasel9e or o!r o9tm5t & protect ) adhesive pla/]1 c>e be+ tak5 n to %ut out ! air4 ,z9c oxide pla/] is excell5t4 ,/]ilize a ne$le2 ?read x ) a woolly ?read & run x ?r\gh bli/]1 leav+ ends project+ ab\t "o-half in*2 ?is w act z a wick & dry up bli/] 9 %ort "t4 ,,fir/ ,,aid4--,expla9 to ! m5 ! uses ( ! fir/ aid packet & ( ! p\* c>ri$ by ! ,m$ical ,corps4 7,?is p\* is be+ replac$ by web-belts ) pockets47 ,,w\nds may be class$ z ord9>y cuts1 inside w\nds1 lac]at$1 punctur$ & poison$ w\nds4 ,= ord9>y m9or w\nds--iod9e & exposure to ! air are usually suffici5t4 ,w> w\nds are usually caus$ by some?+ hav+ an explosive effect & may be accompani$ by hemorrhage1 %ock & ev5 loss ( function2 !y may be art]ial or v5\s4 ,,poison$ ,,w\nds are ( two sorts2 ext]nal & int]nal4 ,,diagnosis ,,tag4--,?is tag plac$ on a soldi] %[s w\nd1 "n1 rank1 regim5t1 treatm5t receiv$1 etc4 ,?is tag %\ld be c>efully read be=e fur!r treatm5t is accord$4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,w\nds4--,! compress1 ( ! fir/ aid packet w always prove ( help4 ,,ble$+ ,,w\nds4--,! b&age ( ! fir/ aid packet w /op all ord9>y ble$+2 b 9 aggravat$ cases ! ble$+ may be /opp$ by pressure on ! art]y1 betwe5 ! w\nd & ! he>t4 ,?is may be done by h& or by means ( ! =ceps 9 ! m$ical p\*4 ,! po9ts ( compression %\ld be le>n$ & locat$2 9 front ( ! e> j above ! socket ( ! jaw2 9 ! neck 9 front ( ! /rongly m>k$ muscle rea*+ f beh9d ! e> to ! upp] "p ( ! brea/ bone2 9 ! holl[ beh9d ! coll> bone2 j beh9d ! inn] bord] ( ! l>g] muscle ( ! arm2 ! femoral art]y at ! middle ( ! gro9 :]e ! art]y passes ov] ! bone4 ,ble$+ may also be /opp$ to "s ext5t by elevat+ ! w\nd$ "p4 ,a t\rniquet may be improvis$ by us+ ! compress1 runn+ a /ick or ! bayonet ?r\gh ! b&1 & tak+ up ! slack by twi/+4 ,,poison$ ,,w\nds4--,= a snakebite make a tight con/riction j above ! w\nd2 make an incision at ! bite & suck out ! poison4 ,d x quickly4 ,if ?is is impossible1 foll[ ! same plan b give a /imulant2 repeat$ly loos5 ! con/riction & let a little ( ! poison into ! sy/em at a "t to be neutraliz$4 ,9 cases ( *emical poison+ d n foll[ ! usual me?od ( treat+ poison+4 ,d n make ! pati5t vomit1 b give him some?+ fat or album9\s su* z raw eggs or milk4 ,?is =ms m]curial album9ate4 ,ptoma9e poison+ 7symptoms are heada*e1 cramps1 nausea1 high fev] & *ills1 etc474 ,dr9k salt wat]1 vomit & repeat ! proc$ure to clean out ! /oma*4 ,a purgative %\ld also be tak54 ,ice cream & milk kept too long are frequ5t causes ( ?is sort ( poison+1 z are di%es kept 9 ! icebox ov] night4 ,,fa9t+1 ,,heat ,,exhau/ion ,,& ,,%ock are all ( ! same class2 symptoms are ! same--weak pulse1 pal5ess & l[ temp]ature1 t5d5cy to fall to gr\nd4 ,(t5 foll[s tak+ too mu* wat] on ! m>*4 ,treatm5t %\ld be 9 nature ( /imulant2 make pati5t lie d[n1 get blood to 8 head1 wrap him 9 blankets1 give him hot dr9ks1 etc4 ,,sun/roke4--,symptoms & treatm5t are diff]5t4 ,pati5t has a high temp]ature4 ,keep 8 head high & feet l[2 disrobe him & p\r cold wat] on him2 keep him 9 a cool place until temp]ature l[]s to #aja2 !n remove cold wat] & temp]ature w g d[n itself4 ,d n apply cold wat] too long z ! temp]ature may g to sub-normal :i* is j z dang]\s z a temp]ature abnormally high4 ,,burns ,,& ,,scalds4--,air %\ld be %ut out2 o!rwise treat l bli/]1 c>e be+ tak5 n to remove sk94 ,d n put on any?+ t w /ick & d n try to remove any?+ t has a t5d5cy to /ick2 put on l9se$ oil & wat]1 cotton & a loose b&age4 ,,freez+ ,,& ,,fro/bites4--,use ice wat] & sn[ to />t )4 ,keep ! pati5t cool until he is ?aw$ out4 ,massage & gradually "w up to a w>m] temp]ature4 ,,fractures are ( ?ree k9ds2 simple1 comp\nd & comm9ut$4 ,simple3 ,bones d n p5etrate ! sk9 7may be s+le or d\ble74 ,comp\nd3 ,bones p5etrate ! sk9 & cause infection4 ,comm9ut$3 ,bone is %att]$4 ,indications ( a fracture are3 ,pa91 r$ness1 swell+ & mobility :]e x ought n to be4 ,,treatm5t4--,f9d out ! k9d ( fracture4 ,pa9t ! w\nd & put on fir/ aid packet2 replace ! clo!s & spl9t ! break4 ,spl9ts %\ld n be too long s z to cause any friction or annoyance to ! pati5t4 ,!y may be made out ( any available mat]ial1 su* z rifle1 bayonet1 %+le1 piece ( bo>d1 scabb>d1 etc4 ,b9d !m firmly b n too tightly4 ,,artificial ,,respiration4--,?is subject is wor?y ( m treatm5t ?an x c be accord$ "h4 ,any text on fir/ aid w expla9 ?or\ghly ! ,s*aef] me?od1 :i* is n[ ! /&>d me?od 9 ! army4 ,po9ts to be rememb]$ 9 ?is me?od are2 remove =eign articles f ! m\?2 curl ! little f+] ov] ! #ab? rib2 avoid ! pelvic bones2 hold ! arms /raight & apply ! pressure by means ( ! :ole body br\ght =w>d2 take c>e n to break a rib2 d n give up too soon4 ,,tr5* ,,foot4--,?is is due to long /&+ ) legs & feet 9 wet clo!s4 ,!re are ?ree types3 ,mild3 ,symptoms are numbness & a slight swell+4 ,m$ium3 ,additional symptom ( a blu+ ( ! leg2 also l>ge bli/]s4 ,sev]e3 ,gangr5e sets 94 ,tight clo!s help to br+ on ^! ?+s4 ,keep ! %oes1 socks & bree*es loose2 keep ! clo!s dry2 furni% ! m5 ) hot food 9 ! tr5*es & s keep up ! circulation4 ,d n use grease4 ,tr5* foot c be avoid$ by prop] treatm5t1 & puni%m5t %\ld foll[ ^u its contraction4 ,,*apt] #aa4 ,signal+4 ,?is *apt] proposes to cov] a l>ge am\nt ( gr\nd 9 a small compass2 h5ce treatm5t mu/ be brief4 ,a m lib]al treatm5t w be f\nd at diff]5t s\rces2 "h a few sugge/ions & h9ts w be giv54 ,,semaphore4--,"t sp5t1 #fa h\rs3 #f sessions #a_/b h\rs1 #a session #a h\r1 #a conf]5ce #b h\rs4 ,x is easy to say j le>n ! semaphore1 b to le>n x quickly & well is ano!r matt]4 ,a few sugge/ions z to ! me?ods foll[$ by o!rs w usually prove helpful4 ,le>n ! semaphore by :at may be call$ ! cycle me?od1 i4e41 tea* & illu/rate h[ ! successive lett]s are =m$ by mov+ ! arm or arms ar\nd ! body 9 a clockwise direction ?r\gh successive /ages4 ,!re are a few exceptions to ! rule z w be po9t$ out2 b !y only s]ve z a few l&m>ks & help to fix ! :ole matt] m firmly 9 m9d4 ,,fir/ ,,cycle4--#a arm4 ,a to ,g4 ,"o arm always at ! int]val4 ,be sure to make ! ,d ) "r arm /raight ov]head--!n x is m di/9ct at a di/ance4 7,plate47 ,,second ,,cycle4--#b arms4 ,h to ,n1 inclusive1 ) exception ( ,j4 ,"o arm always 9 ! ,a position4 ,9 mak+ ,i always be sure t ! left h& is at ! ,a position4 ,"s m5 insi/ 9 mak+ ?is lett] wrong by cross+ ! body ) ! left h& upp]mo/4 ,?is is v awkw>d & also v indi/9ct at a di/ance4 ,p *anges arms b reta9s same relative position ( flags4 ,,?ird ,,cycle4--#b arms4 ,t & ,u4 ,"r arm 9 position ( ,c4 ,lett] ,u actually resembles t lett]4 ,,?ird ,,cycle4--#b arms4 ,o to ,s4 ,"o arm always 9 ,b position4 ,9 lett] ,o1 left arm is 9 ,b position2 9 all o!rs1 "r arm4 ,,f\r? ,,cycle4--#b arms4 ,t & ,u4 ,"r arm 9 position ( ,c4 ,lett] ,u actually resembles t lett]4 ,,d\bles4--,l1 ,u1 ,r1 ,n4 ,^! lett]s are keys to _m o!rs & %\ld be promptly le>n$4 ,,opposites4--,v & ,k1 ,o & ,w1 ,q & ,y1 ,s & ,m1 ,z & ,h1 ,x & ,i1 ,m foll[s ,l 9 cycle & is opposite ( ,s1 ,s foll[s ,e 9 cycle & is opposite ( ,m1 ,k prec$es ,l 9 cycle & is opposite ( ,v4 ,figures are fir/ #aj lett]s ( alphabet1 prec$$ by cross+ flags ov]head4 ,,in/ruct+4--,?is plan ( tea*+ ! semaphore w be f\nd v helpful1 = x helps to reason out ! alphabet = ! /ud5t4 ,by fix+ firmly 9 m9d a few ?+s ! /ud5t c soon reason out ! alphabet = himself by a v logical plan4 ,,second ,,/ep4--,aft] ! m5 h be5 taught ! alphabet !y %\ld ei!r pair (f & "o man s5d to ! o!r1 or "o man %\ld be select$ to s5d = ! entire class4 ,at fir/ only lett]s %\ld be s5t until ! m5 h le>n$ ! alphabet ?or\ghly4 ,9 ?is way ! key *>act]s ( ! alphabet c be fix$ 9 m9d1 z well z _! relation to ! o!r lett]s4 ,,?ird ,,/ep4--,! m5 %\ld next be pair$ (f & in/ruct$ to s5d simple messages to ea* o!r4 ,y %\ld insi/ t !re be no o!r communication betwe5 ! m5 ?an by means ( _! flags4 ,,f\r? ,,/ep4--,proce$ to simple qualification te/s1 f\r m5 work+ 9 two pairs & ! pairs alt]nat+ 9 s5d+ & receiv+4 ,"o man ( fir/ pair %\ld read = 8 companion to s5d4 ,on ! o!r end1 "o man %\ld read & ! o!r copy4 ,! di/ances %\ld be su* z to preclude ! possibility ( conv]sation4 ,=ty lett]s p] m9ute is a fair te/2 or ?is sy/em may be foll[$3 ,h a good signalman s5d #aj comb9ations ( #e lett]s ea* to ! :ole class4 ,! m5 %\ld read ^! & write !m d[n1 "o comb9ation at a "t4 ,"t limit %\ld be #c m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac ,,wig ,,wag4--,"t sp5t3 ,same z semaphore c\rse4 ,! alphabet c be f\nd 9 any /&>d signal book1 or 9 ! ,manual = ,non-,commission$ ,(fic]s & ,privates4 ,! dots are made to ! "r ( ! body1 ! da%es to ! left2 int]val at ! end ( a ^w by dipp+ ! flag once to ! front1 at ! end ( a s5t5ce by dipp+ x twice1 & at ! end ( a message by dipp+ x ?ree times4 ,! alphabet %\ld be le>n$ fir/ accord+ to ! same g5]al plan z 9 ! semaphore2 i4e41 ! key lett]s to c]ta9 comb9ations %\ld fir/ be le>n$4 ,! foll[+ gr\p+ ( lett]s may be f\nd helpful3 ,e ,i ,s ,h2 ,t ,m ,o2 ,a ,u ,v2 ,n ,d ,b2 ,r ,f ,l2 ,k ,c ,y2 ,w ,p ,j2 ,g ,z ,q4 ,! in/ructor c f9d _m o!r gr\p+s t w aid him4 ,x %\ld also be po9t$ out t ea* numb] f "o to t5 consi/s ( five *>act]s1 & t ea* succe$+ numb] foll[s ! previ\s "o accord+ to a regul> me?od4 ,aft] ! m5 h /udi$ ! alphabet suffici5tly1 h !m s5d to ea* o!r1 limit+ ! "w at fir/ to lett]s only4 ,!n gradually "w up to ! po9t :]e !y may s5d simple messages4 ,make !m rely ^u ! flags = communicat+ dur+ ! practice4 ,d n p]mit conv]sation--sep>ate ! m5 by a consid]able di/ance4 ,9 bo? wig wag & semaphore in/ruction ! same plan %\ld be foll[$ z 9 tea*+ a =eign language2 i4e41 conf9e all communication to ! m$ium "u /udy4 ,qualification te/s are simil> to ^? = ! semaphore1 except t less spe$ c be exact$2 #ae *>act]s p] m9ute or #aj comb9ations ( #e lett]s ea* to be receiv$ & writt5 d[n 9 #e m9utes4 ,9 bo? ! semaphore & ! wig wag m5 %\ld be taught ! conv5tional signals us$ 9 field "w4 ,^! c be f\nd 9 any manual on ! subject4 ,,po9ts ,,to ,,rememb]4 ,! semaphore is a quick] means ( communication ?an ! wig wag2 b ! wig wag c be us$ 9 a prone position "u %elt]4 ,lant]ns c be us$ at night = semaphor+4 ,acetyl5e lamps c be us$ at night 9 place ( ! wig wag4 ,9 ?is case a %ort fla% repres5ts a dot1 a long fla% a da%4 ,a few m5 9 ea* company %\ld be develop$ into exp]t signal]s2 "s m5 always %[ aptitude = ?is sort ( ?+4 ,frequ5t use %\ld be made ( signal+ 9 field "w4 ,lett] ,codes4 ,,infantry4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,lett] ( ,if signal$ f ! re> ,if signal$ f ! fir+ alphabet to ! fir+ l9e l9e to ! re> ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,am ,ammunition go+ =w>d4 ,ammunition requir$4 ,,ccc ,*>ge 7m&atory at ,am ab\t to *>ge if all times74 no in/ructions to ! contr>y4 ,,cf ,cease fir+ ,cease fir+4 ,,dt ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,f ,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fb ,fix bayonets4 ,,fl ,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,g ,move =w>d4 ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,,hhh ,halt4 ,k ,negative4 ,,lt ,left4 ,o ,:at is ! 7,r4,n41 etc478 ,:at is ! 7,r4,n41 etc478 7,ardois & ,int]rogatory4 ,int]rogatory4 semaphore only74 44--44 ,:at is ! 7,r4,n41 etc478 ,:at is ! 7,r4,n41 etc478 7,all me?ods ,int]rogatory4 ,int]rogatory4 b ,ardois & semaphore74 ,p ,affirmative4 ,affirmative4 ,,rn ,range4 ,range4 ,,rt ,"r4 ,"r4 ,,sss ,support go+ =w>d4 ,support ne$$4 ,,suf ,susp5d fir+4 ,susp5d fir+4 ,t ,t>get4 ,t>get ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,arm ,signals4 ,! foll[+ arm signals are prescrib$4 ,9 mak+ signals ei!r arm may be us$4 ,(fic]s :o receive signals on ! fir+ l9e retreat back at once to prev5t misund]/&+s4 ,,=w>d ,,m>*4--,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 /raight5 & hold ! arm horizontally1 ?ru/+ x 9 direction ( m>*4 ,?is signal is also us$ to execute quick "t f d\ble "t4 ,,halt4--,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 ?ru/ ! h& upw>d & hold ! arm v]tically4 ,,d\ble ,,"t1 ,,m>*4--,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 rapidly ?ru/ ! h& upw>d ! full ext5t ( ! arm sev]al times4 ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,m>*4--,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x to a v]tical position above ! head & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & horizontal positions4 ,,squads ,,left1 ,,m>*4--,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x d[nw>d to ! side & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! d[nw>d & horizontal positions4 ,,squads ,,"r ,,ab\t1 ,,m>* 7if 9 close ord]7 or1 ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,m>* 7if 9 skirmi% l9e74--,ext5d ! arm v]tically above ! head2 c>ry x lat]ally d[nw>d to ! side & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & d[nw>d positions4 ,,*ange ,,direction ,,or ,,column ,,"r 7,,left71 ,,m>*4--,! h& on ! side t[>d :i* ! *ange ( direction is to be made is c>ri$ across ! body to ! opposite %\ld]1 =e>m horizontal2 !n sw+ 9 a horizontal plane1 arm ext5d$1 po9t+ 9 ! new direction4 ,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,m>*4--,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal4 ,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,guide ,,c5t]1 ,,m>*4--,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 sw+ bo? simultane\sly upw>d until v]tical & return to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left71 ,,m>*4--,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 hold ! arm on ! side ( ! guide /eadily 9 ! horizontal position3 sw+ ! o!r upw>d until v]tical & return x to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4--,raise ! arm v]tically to its full ext5t & describe horizontal circles4 ,,range1 ,,or ,,*ange ,,elevation4--,to ann\nce ! ,,range1 ext5d ! arm1 t[>d ! lead]s or m5 = :om ! signal is int5d$1 fi/ clos$2 by keep+ ! fi/ clos$ battle sight is indicat$2 by op5+ & clos+ ! fi/1 expose ?umb & f+]s to a numb] equal to ! hundr$s ( y>ds2 to add #ej y>ds describe a %ort horizontal l9e ) =ef+]4 ,to *ange elevation1 indicate ! am\nt ( increase or decrease by f+]s z above2 po9t upw>d to indicate increase & d[nw>d to indicate decrease4 ,,:at ,,range ,,are ,,y ,,us+8 ,,or ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,range8--,ext5d ! arms t[>d ! p]son address$1 "o h& op51 palm to ! front1 re/+ on ! o!r h&1 fi/ clos$4 ,,are ,,y ,,ready8 ,,or ,i ,,am ,,ready4--,raise ! h&1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm t[>d ! p]son address$4 ,,comm5ce ,,fir+4--,move ! arm ext5d$ 9 full l5g?1 h& palm d[n1 sev]al times ?r\gh a horizontal arc 9 front ( ! body4 ,,fire ,,fa/]4--,execute rapidly ! signal ,,comm5ce ,,fir+4 ,,fire ,,sl[]4--,execute sl[ly ! signal ,,comm5ce ,,fir+4 ,,to ,,sw+ ,,! ,,cone ,,( ,,fire ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,or ,,left4--,ext5d ! arm 9 full l5g? to ! front1 palm to ! "r 7left72 sw+ ! arm to "r 7left71 & po9t 9 ! direction ( ! new t>get4 ,,fix ,,bayonet4--,simulate ! movem5t ( ! "r h& 9 ,fix ,bayonet4 ,,susp5d ,,fir+4--,raise & hold ! =e>m /eadily 9 a horizontal position 9 front ( ! =ehead1 palm ( ! h& to ! front4 ,,cease ,,fir+4--,raise ! =e>m z 9 susp5d fir+ & sw+ x up & d[n sev]al times 9 front ( ! face4 ,,platoon4--,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 describe small circles ) ! h&4 ,,squad4--,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 sw+ ! h&1 up & d[n f ! wri/4 ,,ru%4--,same z d\ble "t4 ,! signals ,,platoon & ,,squad are int5d$ prim>ily = communication betwe5 ! capta9 & 8 platoon lead]s4 ,! signal ,,platoon or ,,squad indicates t ! platoon comm&] is to cause ! signal :i* foll[s to be execut$ by platoon or squad4 ,,*apt] #ab4 ,gu>d ,duty4 ,"t sp5t3 ,/udy1 #b h\rs4 ,conf]5ce1 #b h\rs4 ,=mal gu>d m\nt+4 ,gu>ds are divid$ r\ghly into f\r classes3 #a4 ,ext]ior--7,:i* come m prop]ly "u head ( field s]vice74 #b4 ,int]ior--,_! purpose is to pres]ve ord]1 protect prop]ty & en=ce police regulations4 #c4 ,milit>y ,police--,also treat$ ( 9 field s]vice4 #d4 ,provo/ ,gu>ds--,us$ 9 ! abs5ce ( milit>y police to aid civil au?orities 9 pres]v+ ord] among soldi]s beyond ! int]ior gu>d4 ,"h we are conc]n$ *iefly ) int]ior gu>ds4 ,we %all make up a brief summ>y ( :at an (fic] mu/ "k & :at he ought to tea* 8 non-coms4 & m54 ,also we %all t\* ^u ! subject ( gu>d duty z x has be5 *ang$ by tr5* w>f>e4 ,an (fic] ought to h a good grasp ( ! foll[+ subjects relative to gu>d duty3 #a4 ,gu>d m\nt+ 7bo? =mal & in=mal74 #b4 ,po/+ reliefs4 #c4 ,prep>ation & runn+ ( ro/]s4 #d4 ,g5]al ord]s--also special ord]s at po/ ,no4 #a4 #e4 ,duties ( ! foll[+ 9 ref]5ce to gu>d duty3 #a4 ,comm&+ (fic]4 #b4 ,(fic] ( ! day4 #c4 ,adjutant4 #d4 ,s]geant ,major4 #e4 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #f4 ,s]geant ( ! gu>d4 #g4 ,corporal ( ! gu>d4 #h4 ,musicians4 #i4 ,ord]lies & color s5t9els4 #aj4 ,privates ( ! gu>d4 #f4 ,complim5ts ( ! gu>d4 #g4 ,prison]s3 ,g5]al4 ,g>rison4 ,await+ trial4 ,await+ result ( trial4 ,h[ is an (fic] arre/$8 ,c an enli/$ man arre/ him8 ,h[ is a non-com4 arre/$8 ,h[ is a soldi] arre/$8 ,h[ is a civilian arre/$8 7,see a4w4 ,no4 #fh47 ,an (fic] ought to-tea* to 8 non-coms4 z mu* ( ! above z is consi/5t ) "t & o!r dem&s2 he ought to tea* to 8 privates all t is necess>y to ! prop] dis*>ge ( _! duties 9 ?is connection4 ,,=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+4--,"h foll[ a few rem9d]s t may help ! read] to keep ! c]emony 9 m9d3 #a4 ,wea!r conditions p]mitt+1 gu>d m\nt+ takes place e day at ! discretion ( ! ,c4,o4 #b4 ,t\r ( duty is #bd h\rs2 !re are #c reliefs1 #b h\rs on & #d h\rs (f4 ,no organization is detail$ = gu>d duty m ?an once 9 #e days if ?is c be prev5t$4 ,,c]emony4--#a4 ,! b& takes po/1 its left #ab paces to ! "r ( :]e ! "r ( ! gu>d is to be4 #b4 ,adjutant's ,call4--,! ,adjutant m>*es to ! p>ade gr\nd 7,s]geant ,major on 8 left7 & takes po/ #ab paces 9 front ( & fac+ ! c5t] ( :]e ! gu>d is to re/4 ,! ,s]geant ,major cont9ues on1 m>*es by ! left flank & takes po/ #ab paces to ! left ( ! b& & fac+ 9 ! direction ! l9e is to ext5d4 #c4 ,! details are m>*$ to ! p>ade gr\nd by ! s5ior non-commission$ (fic]s1 halt$ & dress$ z foll[s3 ,,fir/ ,,detail4--,non-commission$ (fic]4--#a4 ,detail2 #b4 ,halt4 ,! detail is halt$ aga9/ ! left arm ( ! ,s]geant ,major2 ! non-commission$ (fic] /eps out1 faces ! ,s]geant ,major at a di/ance slightly great] ?an ! front ( ! detail & comm&s3 #a4 ,"r2 #b4 ,dress4 ,! detail dresses on ! l9e =m$ by ! ,s]geant ,major & ! ,comm&] ( ! detail4 #c4 ,front4 ,! ,comm&] ( ! detail salutes & reports3 ,! detail is correct 7or o!rwise74 ,:5 ! report is made ! ,s]geant ,major returns ! salute4 ,! ,comm&] ( ! detail passes by ! "r ( ! gu>d & takes po/ 9 re> ( ! "r file ( 8 detail4 ,,o!r ,,details4--,non-commission$ (fic]s4--#a4 ,detail2 #b4 ,halt2 #c4 ,"r2 #d4 ,dress2 #e4 ,front4 ,ea* comm&] ( a detail halts 8 detail1 dresses x on ! g5]al l9e1 salutes & reports z does ! fir/2 !n takes 8 po/ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,%\ld ! comm&] ( a detail n be a non-commission$ (fic] he passes by ! "r ( ! gu>d & retires4 #d4 ,,s]geant ,,major4--,he takes "o /ep to ! "r1 draws sword & v]ifies ! detail1 & !n comm&s3 ,c\nt (f4 ,he completes ! la/ squad if necess>y & indicates ! division into platoons3 !n takes 8 po/ & comm&s3 #a4 ,op5 ranks2 #b4 ,m>*4 ,?is is execut$ z laid d[n 9 ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 #c4 ,front4 ,he !n moves p>allel to ! front rank until opposite ! c5t]1 turns to ! "r1 halts half-way to ! ,adjutant1 salutes & reports3 ,sir1 ! details are correct 7or o!rwise74 #e4 ,,adjutant3 ,take y\r po/4 7,adjutant draws sab]47 #f4 ,,s]geant ,,major4--,faces ab\t1 approa*es to )9 two paces ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d1 turns2 to ! "r & moves ?ree paces beyond ! left ( ! gu>d1 turns to ! left1 halts on ! l9e ( ! front rank1 faces ab\t & br+s 8 sword to ! ord]4 7,:5 ! ,s]geant ,major has report$ ! ,(fic] ( ! ,gu>d takes 8 po/1 z %[n 9 ! diagram1 & draws sab]47 #g4 ,,adjutant4--#a4 ,(fic] 7(fic]s7 & non-commission$ (fic]s2 #b4 ,front & c5t]2 #c4 ,m>*4 ,at ,c5t] ! (fic] c>ries sab]2 at ,m>* ! (fic] advances & halts #c paces f ! ,adjutant1 rema9+ at ! c>ry2 non-commission$ (fic]s pass by ! flank1 move along ! front & =m 9 ord] ( rank f "r to left1 #c paces beh9d ! (fic]1 rema9+ at ! "r %\ld]4 ,if !re is no (fic] ( ! gu>d ! non-commission$ (fic]s halt #c paces f ! ,adjutant4 ,! ,adjutant assigns !m to _! positions 9 ord] ( rank--comm&] ( ! gu>d2 lead] ( ! fir/ platoon2 lead] ( ! second platoon1 etc41 & comm&s3 #a4 ,(fic] 7(fic]s7 & non-commission$ (fic]s2 #b4 ,po/s2 #c4 ,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,m>* !y take _! po/s z prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,company ) op5 ranks 7,platoon lead]s #c paces 9 front ( c5t] ( _! platoons74 #h4 ,,adjutant3 ,inspect y\r gu>d1 sir4 #i4 ,,(fic] ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4--,faces ab\t & comm&s3 ,prep>e = inspection4 #aj4 ,,adjutant 7aft] ! inspection is end$1 & aft] po/+ himself #cj paces 9 front ( & fac+ c5t] ( ! gu>d--at ! same "t ! new ,(fic] ( ! ,day takes position ab\t #cj paces beh9d ! ,adjutant1 fac+ ! gu>d1 & ) ! old (fic] ( ! day #a pace 9 re> & #c paces to ! "r73 #a4 ,p>ade2 #b4 ,re/2 #c4 ,s\nd (f4 7,! b&1 play+ passes 9 front ( ! ,(fic] ( ! ,gu>d to ! left ( ! l9e1 returns to its po/ & ceases to play47 #a4 ,gu>d2 #b4 ,att5tion2 #c4 ,close ranks2 #d4 ,m>*4 7,z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,company47 #a4 ,pres5t2 #b4 ,arms4 ,he !n faces ! new (fic] ( ! day1 salutes1 & reports3 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 #aa4 ,,new ,,(fic] ,,( ,,! ,,day 7return+ salute73 ,m>* ! gu>d 9 review1 sir4 #ab4 ,,adjutant4--,he c>ries sab]1 faces ab\t1 br+s ! gu>d to ! ord] & comm&s3 #a4 ,at trail1 platoons "r2 #b4 ,m>*2 #c4 ,gu>d2 #d4 ,halt4 ,! b& takes po/ #ab paces 9 front ( ! fir/ platoon1 ! ,adjutant #f paces f ! flank & abrea/ ( ! ,comm&] ( ! ,gu>d1 & ! ,s]geant ,major #f paces f ! flank ( ! second platoon4 ,adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,pass 9 review2 #b4 ,=w>d2 #c4 ,m>*4 #ac4 ,,comm&] ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d 7z ! gu>d rea*es a position #f paces f ! ,(fic] ( ! ,day73 #a4 ,eyes2 #b4 ,"r2 7at #f paces beyond ! ,(fic] ( ! ,day7 #c4 ,front4 ,at #ab paces beyond ! ,(fic] ( ! ,day ! ,adjutant & ! ,s]geant-,major halt1 salute & retire4 #ad4 ,,comm&] ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d 7z ! ,adjutant & ! ,s]geant ,major retire73 #a4 ,platoons1 "r by squads2 #b4 ,m>*4 ,! gu>d is !n m>*$ to its po/2 ! old gu>d is !n reliev$ & s5t9els po/$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty4 7,see diagrams at ! end ( ?is *apt]47 ,,gu>d ,,duty ,,9 ,,! ,,tr5*es4--,x diff]s f gu>d duty z we are accu/om$ to x4 ,! *all5ge is n ,:o is !re8 b r a sudd5 & imp]ative ,h&s up4 ,! p>ty *all5g$ ?r[s up 8 h&s & gives ! c\nt]sign 9 a l[ voice4 ,s5t9els are po/$ 9 ! front l9e & 9 ! l9e ( dug\ts1 "o at ea* entrance to a dug\t to give imm$iate w>n+4 ,wat*]s are po/$ at places hav+ a good range ( view2 at night !y keep wat* ov] ! p>apets r ?an ?r\gh ! loopholes s9ce ! latt] af=d only a n>r[ range ( view4 ,auto riflem5 7#f or #g to a po/7 are us$ z wat*]s1 "o be+ on duty at a "t4 ,!y %\ld h a favorable backgr\nd to provide concealm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad;,a4 ,,*apt] #ac4 ,company ,adm9i/ration4 ,company adm9i/ration is a v broad subject & c be really le>n$ only by exp]i5ce4 ,h[ev]1 ?is *apt] w attempt to po9t out a few sugge/ions & practices t may prove ( "s assi/ance1 p>ticul>ly to ! new (fic]4 ,we %all treat briefly ( ! fir/ organization ( ! company2 !n we %all try to reproduce 9 "s slight measure ! actual "w ( a day 9 camp 7m p>ticul>ly ( a tra9+ camp su* z ,plattsburg72 !n f9ally we %all treat ( ! ord]ly room & "s ( ! problems t come up 9 army pap] "w4 ,notes on ,organization4 7,by ,,major ,w4,h4 ,,waldron1 ,tw5ty-,n9? ,infantry47 #a4 ,,prep>e ,,9 ,,advance ,,to ,,receive ,,m5 ,,assign$ ,,to ,,company4 7a7 ,detail "o ( ! ,lieut5ants 9 *>ge ( ! company mess4 ,,duties4--,secure ! necess>y kit*5 & d9+ room equipm5t & prep>e ev]y?+ to />t ! mess2 make up a bill-(-f>e = a week bas$ on ! ration compon5ts & supplies available2 secure ! rations & issue !m to ! cooks daily4 ,tra9 a mess ,s]geant 9 ! duties t fall to him4 ,9 f9e1 ?is ,lieut5ant w h complete *>ge ( ! company mess1 ! cook+1 & s]v+ ( ! meals1 tra9+ ( cooks & m5 detail$ = duty 9 connection ) ! mess4 7b7 ,detail ! o!r ,lieut5ant 9 *>ge ( prop]ty4 ,,duties4--,procure all ! articles ( individual & company equipm5t f ! ,regim5tal ,supply ,(fic]4 ,get into ! company /or]oom & prep>e x = issue4 ,tra9 ! ,company ,supply ,s]geant 9 ! duties t w fall to him4 7c7 ,?is leaves ! ,company ,comm&] free to organize ! ord]ly room & make ! necess>y prep>ations to receive ! m5 z !y report4 ,,if ,,9 ,,cantonm5t4--,lay out ! qu>t]s into platoon sections & subdivide ^! into squads1 all[+ space = platoon lead]s & guides4 ,/>t+ at ! end ( ! qu>t]s pla9ly m>k ea* squad section1 #h b$s1 f\r on ea* side ( ! aisle ) ! numb] ( ! squad--fir/ squad1 second squad1 etc4 ,,if ,,9 ,,t5ts4--,numb] ! t5ts1 "o = ea* squad1 leav+ two t5ts 9 ! c5t] = platoon lead]s1 guides1 etc4 ,prep>e a %eet hav+ a space = ea* squad1 l>ge en\gh to ent] eight names 9 x4 ,prep>e a measur+ po/ :]e ! m5 c be measur$ = height z !y report4 #b4 ,,m5 ,,report+3 7a7 ,:5 ! m5 arrive !y w be s5t to ,regim5tal ,headqu>t]s direct4 ,!re !y w receive _! assignm5t to a company4 ,:5 s assign$ !y w be direct$ to jo9 ! company4 7b7 ,a table on :i* is spread ! squad assignm5t %eet is locat$ at ! head ( ! company /reet4 ,ne>by is locat$ ! measur+ po/4 ,:5 a man reports1 look him ov]1 receive him 9 ! company1 make him feel at home4 ,make him feel t he is welcome4 ,?is little act w pay y l>ge divid5ds 9 cont5tm5t & company esprit de corps lat] on4 ,turn him ov] to ! man 9 *>ge ( ! measur+ po/ to get 8 height4 ,assign him to a squad correspond+ to 8 height4 ,ent] 8 "n 9 ! squad space to :i* he is assign$ & s5d him to ! section ( ! cantonm5t designat$ = t p>ticul> squad4 ,detail a few ( ! fir/ m5 :o report = duty to assi/ 9 ?is "w4 ,say y h #af squads4 ,!y w run 9 height ab\t z foll[s3 #a/ squad1 ov] #f feet2 #bnd1 #f feet2 #crd1 #f feet2 #d?1 #e feet #aa in*es2 #e?1 #e feet #aa in*es2 #f?1 #e feet #aj in*es2 #g?1 #e feet #aj in*es2 #h?1 #e feet #i in*es2 #i?1 #e feet #i in*es2 #aj?1 #e feet #h in*es2 #aa?1 #e feet #h in*es2 #ab?1 #e feet #g in*es2 #ac?1 #e feet #g in*es2 #ad?1 #e feet #f in*es2 #ae?1 #e feet #f in*es2 #af?1 #e feet #e in*es4 ,if !re are m squads put !m 9 ! #e feet #g to #e feet #i in*es class4 7c7 ,z soon z practicable place "o memb] ( ! squad 9 *>ge = ! ensu+ #bd h\rs1 *ange ?is detail e day until e man ( ! squad has _h an opportunity to demon/rate 8 ability4 ,?is w assi/ y greatly 9 ! selection ( y\r non-commission$ (fic]s4 7d7 ,%\ld ! entire company be assign$ 9 a body1 l9e !m up 9 a r[ accord+ to height & assign !m to squads4 ,place ! mo/ likely look+ man 9 ea* squad 9 *>ge = ! "t be+4 #c4 ,,issue ,,( ,,equipm5t3 7a7 ,! articles ( camp equipm5t1 b$d+ & pon*o %\ld be issu$ z soon z practicable4 ,^! are necess>y = ! imm$iate com=t ( ! m54 7b7 ,hold ! articles ( p]sonal equipm5t = issue lat] on4 ,d n dump ! entire equipm5t on a man all at once4 ,!re is n9e-t5?s ( x t he kn[s no?+ ab\t4 ,he does n "k :at x is =4 ,z ! tra9+ progresses y c issue x to him1 an article or two at a "t until he has f9ally gott5 all ( x4 ,be=e issu+ an article1 expla9 at a company =mation1 :at x is =1 ! purpose x s]ves & :]e x is c>ri$4 7c7 ,uni=ms & clo?+ %\ld be procur$ z soon z practicable4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w indicate :e!r or n ! clo?+ w be requisition$ = 9 bulk or on individual clo?+ slips4 ,! supply (fic] w provide a qu>t]ma/] publication :i* %[s ! sizes ( clo?+ by ! numb]s4 ,seek out a c\ple ( tailors 9 ! company1 h !m measure ! m5 & make a record ( ! sizes ( clo?+ t !y require4 ,%oes w h to be fitt$ to ea* man4 ,make !m l>ge en\gh4 ,! av]age recruit w want to we> a %oe at lea/ "o size too small = him4 ,:5 he gets ! pack on & drags x ar\nd all day 8 feet w swell & fill 8 small %oes to ! bur/+ po9t4 ,d n let ! m5 decide :at size %oes !y w we>2 y decide x = !m & make !m pl5ty big4 ,?is "w ( measur+ ! m5 c be />t$ "r out ! fir/ day4 ,! capta9 t gets 9 8 requisition fir/1 prop]ly made out1 w be ! fir/ to get 8 clo?+4 #d4 ,,organization3 7a7 ,z soon z practicable get ! company organiz$ into p]man5t squads4 ,try out squad lead]s = a few days4 ,y w soon be able to select ! m5 t y w want = non-commission$ (fic]s4 ,be c>eful 9 _! selection s t y w n h to make _m *anges4 ,don't be 9 too mu* ( a hurry ab\t mak+ s]geants2 try !m out z corporals fir/4 ,try to get a good man & />t him 9 z mess s]geant4 ,a man ) hotel exp]i5ce1 especially ! kit*5 & d9+ room end ( ! bus9ess1 give him a trial4 ,y\r lieut5ant 9 *>ge ( ! mess c tell 9 a day or two h[ he /acks up4 ,make x pla9 t ! m5 detail$ f day to day are m]ely act+ non-commission$ (fic]s & t y are m]ely plac+ !m 9 *>ge to give !m an opportunity to demon/rate _! ability4 ,x's bett] to "w ?is proposition out 9 a sy/ematic mann] ?an x is to jump 9 & make a lot ( non-commission$ (fic]s t y w h to break lat] on to make way = bett] m54 ,give y\r act+ non-commission$ (fic]s all ! responsibility y c4 ,assign tasks ) _! squads & see h[ !y get away ) x4 7b7 ,at "o ( ! fir/ =mations expla9 ! rules ( camp sanitation & p]sonal cleanl9ess & ! necessity = _! /rict obs]vance4 7c7 ,/>t "r out ) a sy/em ( rigid inspections s t ! m5 w acquire habits ( cleanl9ess & tid9ess ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,once ?is is acquir$ x is easily ma9ta9$4 ,! rev]se ( ?is /atem5t is equally true4 ,let a company get />t$ 9 a slov5ly1 untidy mann] & x is difficult to get x back on ! "r track aga94 7d7 ,z soon z uni=ms are issu$ h e man dispose ( 8 civilian clo?+1 dress suit cases1 trunks1 etc4 ,!re is no place = !m 9 ! cantonm5ts or t5ts4 ,/rip "r d[n to uni=ms & all[ no civilian clo?+ ar\nd4 7e7 ,be=e issu+ rifles provide places = _! safe keep+ 9 cantonm5ts4 ,if wood5 trunks are us$1 a wire /aple driv5 into ! upright ( ! b$ at ! height ( ! slack+ swivel =ms an excell5t support2 simply hook ! slack+ swivel into ! /aple4 7f7 ,get e man int]e/$ 9 ! company4 ,be p]sonally int]e/$ 9 e man y\rself4 ,d n p]mit any swe>+ at ! m5 or ar\nd ! b>racks4 ,expla9 ! idea ( milit>y c\rtesy & ! salute & insi/ on its be+ c>ri$ out at all times4 ,by do+ all ( ^! ?+s & sy/ematiz+ y\r "w ( tra9+ & in/ruction "r f ! />t y lay ! f\ndation = a good company4 ,fifte5 good companies make a good regim5t & s on up to ! division1 & t's :at we want good divisions--! basis ( :i* lies 9 ! good company :i* y are go+ to comm&4 ,,day',s ,,r\t9e4--,! day's r\t9e w soon develop & _c be a /]eotyp$ ?+4 ,x w be det]m9$ to a l>ge ext5t by local conditions4 ,b 9 all tra9+ camps "s su* model z ! foll[+ w no d\bt be foll[$3 ,,reveille3 ,fir/ call1 #e4cj a4m4 ,m>*1 #e4dj a4m4 ,assembly1 #e4de a4m4 ,at fir/ call ! non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( qu>t]s1 or "s o!r *>g$ ) t duty1 w g ?r\gh ! b>racks & awak5 ! m54 ,aft] a %ort "t ?is may be disp5s$ )4 ,,mess3 ,fir/ call 7foll[$ by mess call71 #e4ee a4m4 ,assembly1 #f4jj a4m4 ,all[ ! m5 approximately #bj m9utes = breakfa/ & ! privilege ( return+ individually--?is = purposes ( att5d+ to ! calls ( nature4 ,,sick ,,call1 #f4cj a4m4--,h ! non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( qu>t]s put ?r\gh ?is call2 ! sick w report to ! ord]ly room1 be ent]$ on ! sick report & m>*$ to ! hospital by ! same non-commission$ (fic]4 ,all m5 answ]+ sick call %\ld be que/ion$ z to ! nature ( _! tr\ble & its cause2 m5 :o are try+ to dodge "w %\ld be caught up )4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 mak+ out ! sick report2 be c>eful :at y put on x & :]e y put x4 ,! sick report w be treat$ fur!r "u ,pap] ,"w4 ,,morn+ ,,in/ruction3 ,fir/ call1 #f4ej a4m4 ,assembly1 #g4jj a4m4 ,recall1 #ab4jj m4 ,utilize ?is "t accord+ to ! s*$ule laid d[n by high] au?orities4 ,x w no d\bt be insi/$ t ! s*$ule be closely adh]$ to2 b ?is c be done )\t completely de/roy+ individual initiative4 ,,mess3 ,fir/ call 7foll[$ by mess call71 #ab4aj p4m4 ,assembly1 #ab4ae p4m4 ,all[ #cj m9utes = noon mess4 ,! m5 may n consume x all2 b judgm5t mu/ be us$ 9 ?is matt]4 ,aft] mess h ! company =m$ & m>*$ back to b>racks4 ,?is plan %\ld be foll[$ = a "t1 at lea/1 p>ticul>ly ) gre5 m5 purely = discipl9>y purposes4 ,,aft]noon ,,in/ruction3 ,fir/ call1 #a4bj p4m4 ,assembly1 #a4cj p4m4 ,recall1 #d1cj p4m4 ,same g5]al proc$ure z = morn+ "w4 ,,sick ,,call1 #d4de p4m4--,:5 ! sick report is s5t to ! hospital 9 ! aft]noon1 x is cu/om>y to make a new entry = all m5 :o are 9 ! hospital4 ,9 ?is way a runn+ acc\nt is kept & quickly ref]r$ to )\t runn+ all ?r\gh ! book4 ,! "t f recall to retreat at #e4cj or !reab\ts c usually be us$ to advantage 9 clean+ up & gett+ ready = ?is c]emony4 ,,retreat4--7,=mal--on ! p>ade gr\nds74 ,fir/ call1 #e4cj p4m4 ,assembly1 #e4ce p4m4 ,retreat1 #e4ej p4m4 ,,mess3 ,fir/ call1 foll[$ by mess call1 #f4jj p4m4 ,assembly1 #f4je p4m4 ,,s*ool ,,call 7except ,saturdays71 #g4jj p4m4 ,,tattoo1 #i4jj p4m4 ,,call ,,to ,,qu>t]s1 #i4cj p4m4 ,,taps1 #i4de p4m4 ,at taps lights %\ld be out & absolute quiet %\ld prevail4 ,?is rule %\ld be insi/$ ^u f ! v beg9n+ ( ! tra9+ p]iod4 ,a *eck roll call is (t5 tak5 at taps & ! company report$ to ! ,(fic] ( ! ,day4 ,likewise1 ! company is report$ to ! ,(fic] ( ! ,day at reveille1 retreat & mess =mations2 h[ev]1 ^! ?+s are det]m9$ entirely by local conditions4 ,,sundays ,,& ,,holidays4--,calls are #a_/b h\r lat]1 except retreat1 tattoo1 call to qu>t]s & taps4 ,9 case an ent]ta9m5t is giv5 on ! po/1 taps usually foll[ its close by a half h\r4 ,,details = any day %\ld be publi%$ at retreat =mation ! day previ\s2 bullet9s & notices %\ld also be publi%$ to ! company at ?is =mation4 ,,pap] ,,"w4--,pap] "w 9 ! ,army is g5]ally view$ askance4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( x is absolutely necess>y1 b ! am\nt c be r$uc$ by c>eful att5tion to ! way 9 :i* ! "w is done4 ,a good fir/ s]geant & a good company cl]k w take a load ( tr\ble (f ! %\ld]s ( ! company comm&] 9 ?is respect2 b usually ^! m5 mu/ be tra9$4 ,in/ructions on ! blank =ms %\ld be c>efully read ! fir/ "t a c]ta9 pap] is made out4 ,att5d to all pap] "w promptly & make a note ( any?+ t _c be h&l$ imm$iately4 ,d n let any?+ get into ! company files until x has be5 ,o4,k'd4 by ! company comm&] or initial$ by ! (fic]s4 ,h a basket = ! company comm&] & "o = ! o!r (fic]s :]e !y may expect to f9d matt]s t are ( int]e/ to !m4 ,get reports1 requisitions & o!r pap]s 9 on "t4 ,d n wait until !y are call$ =4 ,e/abli% a daily1 z well z a mon?ly1 sy/em ( do+ ?+s 9 ! ord]ly room & !n /ick to x z ne>ly z possible4 ,h a file =3 #a4 ,g5]al ord]s1 po/ & ,w4,d4 #b4 ,special ord]s4 #c4 ,memor&ums1 bullet9s & notices may be includ$ "u ?is head4 #d4 ,company ord]s4 #e4 ,docum5t file 7copies ( lett]s1 etc474 ,! ne$s = files w be det]m9$ l>gely by local conditions4 ,! po9t is to h ?+s :]e !y c be f\nd readily "u an appropriate head+2 & to h !m accessible to o!rs besides ! company cl]k4 ,keep a copy ( ev]y?+1 z ne>ly z possible1 b d n clutt] up y\r company files ) unimportant items4 ,keep y\r ord]ly room look+ z neat z possible4 ,,milit>y ,,correspond5ce4--,a v important feature ( ,army ,pap] ,"w4 ,neatness1 brevity & cl>ity are to be s\ght--c]emonial =ms are avoid$4 ,ref]5ces to ,army ,regulations3 ,p>agraphs #bbe1 #eab1 #ggf1 #ggh1 #ggi1 #ghj1 #ghf1 #ghi1 #gij1 #hbb 7g4o4 #bc w4d474 ,a lett] consi/s ( ?ree p>ts2 head+1 body & signature4 ,! head+ consi/s ( designation ( ! comm&1 place & date1 all plac$ 9 ! upp] "r-h& corn]4 ,at ! left1 & ) a m>g9 ( ab\t an in*1 %\ld be3 ,f3 ,to3 ,subject3 ,a d\ble space %\ld be left betwe5 ^! l9es4 ,! body %\ld be divid$ into numb]$ p>agraphs1 ea* p>agraph treat+ ( b "o topic4 ,! l9es %\ld be s+le-spac$1 b a d\ble space %\ld be left betwe5 ! p>agraphs4 ,! signature %\ld be made )\t any unnecess>y =ms4 ,any good treatise on ?is subject w %[ ! prop] =ms = a milit>y lett]4 ,indorsem5ts foll[ ! signature 9 succession on ! same page or on add$ pages4 ,!y are v brief1 foll[ a prescrib$ =m &1 if necess>y1 are p>agraph$ 9 ! same way z ! lett]4 ,lett]s %\ld be made 9 ?ree1 f\r1 five or six copies1 accord+ to de/9ation4 ,!y %\ld always be h&l$ ?r\gh milit>y *annels2 "t w be lo/ if y try to dodge x4 ,,morn+ ,,report4--,?is is a complete record ( daily ev5ts & %\ld be kept ) great c>e4 ,x is submitt$ daily to ! prop] au?ority1 *eck$ & return$4 ,any /&>d "w on ?is subject w %[ ! prop] me?od ( mak+ entries4 ,be sure to make entry ( all ev5ts affect+ y\r company1 its numb]s or condition4 ,if !re is no *ange1 say s4 ,,ration ,,return4--,?is =m is made out 9 duplicate = p]iods ( f #aj days to a mon?4 ,9 case m5 jo9 ! company aft] ! ration return has be5 submitt$ = a giv5 p]iod1 "o ration = ea* man = ea* day f date ( jo9+ to date ( submitt+ next return1 may be drawn on ! next return4 ,! same plan is foll[$ 9 mak+ d$uctions = m5 9 ! hospital or abs5t f ! company4 ,= ration all[ances see a4r4 #abjb-abeb4 ,,sick ,,report4--,a commission$ (fic] ( ! company & ! m$ical (fic] sign on "o l9e foll[+ ! la/ entry = ! occasion4 ,nei!r may encroa* on ! t]ritory ( ! o!r & bo? ent] _! op9ions z to :e!r ! sickness is 9 l9e ( duty4 ,no erasures are all[$4 ,,duty ,,ro/]4--,= any ro/] ! key ^w %\ld be equality ( all duties4 ,x means ! diff]5ce betwe5 cont5tm5t & dissatisfaction among y\r m54 ,keep an exact li/ ( m5 available = e duty & detail !m 9 exact rotation2 adju/ to complete satisfaction any little diff]5ces t arise4 ,let ! m5 "k t y want to give !m a squ>e deal & !y w respond4 ,! longe/ man (f duty is ! fir/ man to be call$4 ,9 ! regul> s]vice ! ro/] cov]s gu>d duty & o!r duties1 notably kit*51 police & o!r fatigue "w4 ,,mon?ly ,,return4--,! =m is self explanatory4 ,read ! in/ructions on ! blanks be=e fill+ !m 94 ,by keep+ 9 ! company a record ( ev5ts y c easily fill out ! return prop]ly :5 ! "t comes4 ,,s]vice ,,record4--,ref]5ces 9 ,army ,regulations3 ,p>agraphs #aae1 #aah1 #abd1 #ace1 #ach1 #ich1 #accg1 #acfa1 #adea1 #aece4 ,article #af4 ,! s]vice record is a complete p]sonal hi/ory ( ! soldi] & foll[s him :]ev] he goes4 ,x conta9s3 a descriptive li/1 report ( assignm5t1 record ( prior s]vice1 curr5t enli/m5t1 milit>y record1 record ( allotm5ts1 clo?+ acc\nt & settlem5t1 deposits1 indorsem5ts 7?is latt] to give reasons = *ange ( /atus or /ation ( ! soldi]74 ,,dis*>ge4--,dis*>ges are ( ?ree k9ds3 honorable1 di%onorable & pla9 dis*>ge4 ,! fir/ is on a :ite %eet & entitles ! soldi] to re-enli/2 ! second is on a yell[ %eet & is giv5 foll[+ s5t5ce ( a g5]al c\rt-m>tial2 ! ?ird is on a blue %eet & is giv5 on acc\nt ( physical disability--x does n entitle ! soldi] to re-enli/4 ,,f9al ,,/atem5t1 a4r41 ,art4 #ba4--,! f9al /atem5t is issu$ to e enli/$ man ^u 8 dis*>ge unless he has =feit$ all pay & all[ances & has no deposits due him4 ,! f9al /atem5t is n to be prep>$ on ! type-writ]4 ,money am\nts %all be writt5 9 bo? figures & words4 ,! f9al /atem5t %\ld %[ ! am\nt due ! soldi] =3 additional pay2 clo?+2 deposits2 pay deta9$2 miscellane\s causes4 ,x also %\ld %[ ! am\nts due ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! soldi] = v>i\s reasons4 ,9 addition x %\ld also /ate ! p]iod cov]$ by ! la/ pay ( ! soldi]4 ,(fic]s sign+ & c]tify+ to ! v>i\s entries are responsible4 ,,mu/] ,,roll4 a4r4 ,,article #db4--,! mu/] roll is made bi-mon?ly & great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 its prep>ation to make x bo? correct & complete4 ,all (fic]s & enli/$ m5 are tak5 up on ! mu/] roll f ! date ( receipt ( notice ( assignm5t4 ,! foll[+ are ent]$ on ! rolls3 #a4 ,commission$ (fic]s belong+ to ! organization1 9 ord] ( rank4 #b4 ,commission$ (fic]s atta*$ to ! organization1 9 ord] ( rank4 #c4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s 9 ord] ( grade4 #d4 ,all o!rs except musicians & privates1 alphabetically arrang$ 9 ord] ( grade4 #e4 ,musicians4 #f4 ,privates4 ,all names1 except ^? ent]$ by rank1 are ent]$ 9 alphabetical ord] ) ! la/ "n fir/4 ,! names ( enli/$ m5 atta*$ to ! company are borne on a deta*m5t roll4 ,?is is n true ( (fic]s atta*$ to an organization1 h[ev]4 ,rem>ks %\ld be ent]$ accord+ to ! model :i* c be obta9$ f ! ,adjutant ,g5]al's ,(fice4 ,all *anges %\ld be not$ :i* affect ! /atus ( ! soldi]4 ,an excell5t idea = reta9+ ?is data is to keep a sep>ate c>d = ea* man & to ent] !reon any?+ t affects 8 /atus4 ,,pay ,,roll4 a4r4 #acae-achc4--,! pay roll is made out mon?ly 9 triplicate1 "o copy be+ reta9$ & two copies be+ s5t to ! ,qu>t]ma/]4 ,on ! pay roll !re are f\r c]tificates to be sign$3 #a4 ,! comm&] ( ! organization exam9es ! roll c>efully & c]tifies t all entries are correct4 #b4 ,! inspect+ & mu/]+ (fic] signs c]tify+ t all are pres5t or acc\nt$ =--or notes exceptions4 #c4 ,! comm&+ (fic] witnesses ! paym5t ( ea* man & c]tifies to t effect4 #d4 ,! comm&+ (fic] c]tifies t ! duplicate & triplicate are exact copies ( ! orig9al4 ,,names4--,! la/ "n is ent]$ fir/2 e4g41 ,smi?1 ,john ,a4 ,b ! soldi] signs z foll[s3 ,john ,a4 ,smi?4 ,,losses4--,! losses %\ld foll[ imm$iately on ! next l9e aft] ! la/ entry4 ,!y include ^? by reason (3 ,dis*>ge1 transf]1 retirem5t1 des]tion & ! fact t ! man has be5 dropp$4 ,ea* (fic] %\ld *eck 8 k & be sure t he kn[s ! purpose (1 & is famili> ) ! foll[+ pap]s3 7,ref]5ces are to ,army ,regulations & to ,adjutant & ,qu>t]ma/] =ms47 7#a7 ,morn+ ,report 7a4r4 #bhj74 7#b7 ,daily ,sick ,report 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#cci a4g4o474 7#c7 ,duty ,ro/] 7a4r4 #bhb71 7#cci a4g4o474 7#d7 ,company ,fund ,book 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#deb q4m4c474 7#e7 ,del9qu5cy ,record 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#eji q4m4c474 7#f7 ,prop]ty ,responsibility3 ,qu>t]ma/] 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#eja;cc q4m4c474 ,ordnance 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#eja;c q4m4c474 7#g7 ,descriptive ,li/1 ,milit>y ,record & ,clo?+ ,acc\nt 7a4r4 #bhj71 7#bi a4g4o474 7#h7 ,memor&um ,receipts 7a4r4 #bha71 7#ddh a4g4o474 7#i7 ,ab/ract ,record ( ,memor&um ,receipts 7p>4 #a1 g4o41 #f1 #aiaf71 7#ddh;b a4g4o474 7#aj7 ,summ>y ,c\rt ,records 7a4r4 #iegj71 7#eid a4g4o474 7#aa7 ,/atem5t ( ,clo?+ *>g$ to ,enli/$ man 7#afe;b q4m4c474 7#ab7 ,ab/ract ( ,clo?+ 7#ahj q4m4c474 7#ac7 ,company ,t>get ,records 7#cjg a4g4o474 7#ad7 ,individual ,clo?+ ,slips 7#afe q4m4c474 7#ae7 ,files ( ,ord]s 7a4r4 #bhj74 7#af7 ,correspond5ce ,book ) ,index 7a4r4 #bhj74 7#ag7 ,docum5t ,file4 7#ah7 ,record ( ,rifles 7p4 #ad1 ,ordnance ,pamphlet ,no4 #aife74 7#ai7 ,record ( ,sizes ( ,clo?+ 7g4o4 #dh1 #aiaa74 7#bj7 ,company ,return 7a4r4 #haa71 7#cj a4g4o474 7#ba7 ,mu/] ,roll 7a4g4 #hjg74 7#bb7 ,returns 7a4g4 #haa74 7#bc7 ,return ( ,casualties4 7#bd7 ,pay ,roll 7#cff q4m4c474 ,z well z num]\s o!r =ms = special occasions :i* are n "h li/$4 ,except = ! morn+ report1 sick report1 duty ro/]1 correspond5ce book & v>i\s files1 practically all ! a=e-m5tion$ records are n[ kept at regim5tal headqu>t]s in/ead ( 9 ! company ord]ly room4 ,,*apt] #ad4 ,conf]5ces4 7,"t--#b h\rs ea* day 9 aft]noon47 #a4 ,"k y\r subject & be ?or\ghly prep>$4 #b4 ,h an outl9e to ref] to1 %[+ ma9 po9ts y wi% to cov]4 #c4 ,d n all[ a man to give an entire *apt] 9 reply to a "q4 ,make y\r que/ions %ort & specific--& require answ]s to be ! same4 #d4 ,get e man on 8 feet at lea/ once e day4 #e4 ,h a laugh e little :ile--keep ! m5 awake4 #f4 ,v>y y\r sy/em ( call+ on m5 s t no "o w "k :5 he is likely to be call$ on4 #g4 ,avoid read+ to ! m54 #h4 ,require m5 to put ?+s on ! blackbo>d :5 possible4 #i4 ,9 case ( a conf]5ce = :i* no "t has be5 giv5 = prep>ation1 use all possible s*emes to get ! po9ts home )\t hav+ ei!r a lecture or a /udy p]iod4 ,allot--a def9ite "t & require def9ite results--e4g41 all[ #aj m9utes = a r\gh map %[+ ! plac+ ( a picket--#ae m9utes = an outl9e ( a c]ta9 *apt]1 etc4 #aj4 ,nev] =get t !re are #b sides to e conf]5ce--:at y plan to give & :at y plan to get4 ,y mu/ te/ ! m5 to see h[ well !y "k ! "w b y mu/ also make sure t e man kn[s x :5 he goes out ev5 if he didn't :5 he came 94 ,/udy4 ,! /udy p]iod usually comes aft] a full day 9 ! op51 & ! w>m air & artificial light soon make ! mo/ ard5t soldi] doze (f into cat-naps4 ,some?+ mu/ be done to c\nt]act ^! influ5ces & keep ! m5 on ! job4 ,! t]ror ( ! next day's conf]5ce w n d x1 z t "t seems safely di/ant1 ) all night ahead4 ,assign ! m5 ?ree to five que/ions on ! "w to be /udi$1 :i* w be ask$ 9 conf]5ce & :i* require a pretty g5]al k ( ! subject4 ,e man w !n h a def9ite objective & a c]ta9 m9imum ( atta9m5t = ! ev5+4 ,or rev]se ! process & let ea* ( ! class write sev]al que/ions ab\t :at !y h /udi$4 ,! foll[+ day let ^! que/ions1 ) ! names ( ! m5 :o ask$ !m1 be read be=e ! class & answ]$4 ,! effect ( read+ ! "n ( ! writ] is to insure c>eful prep>ation ( ! "q & /udy ( ! subject4 ,a good "q c h>dly be ask$ )\t a basis ( k1 & a fooli% "q condemns its au?or4 ,ano!r plan is to let ! m51 :5ev] possible1 in/ruct ! class4 ,ann\nce t any man may be call$ ^u to take *>ge1 & ! unc]ta9ty w keep ev]yone /udy+4 ,?is plan w also give ! m5 valuable practice 9 tea*+ o!rs4 ,_! p]iods ( in/ruction1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be limit$1 & unsatisfactory p>ts ( _! "w review$ be=e ! conf]5ce is dismiss$4 ,ano!r way to /imulate /udy is to h a %ort discussion1 talk or quiz j be=e ! close ( ! /udy h\r1 :5 ! m51 if left to !mselves1 w incl9e to look at _! wat*es m (t5 ?an at _! books4 ,a brief explanation ( ! "w assign$1 ) emphasis ^u a few especially important po9ts1 makes good use ( ?is clos+ "t1 especially :5 ! m5 are requir$ to write d[n ! po9ts emphasiz$4 ,syllabus3 ,small ,problems = ,infantry4 7,ref]5ces1 f4s4r41 p4 #bf-cj1 #cc-ci47 ,fir/ ,problem3 ,advance ,gu>d & ,po9t3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,small patrol s5t ahead f advance p>ty = disclos+ enemy's position & /r5g?1 9 "t = l>g] bodies to make suitable def5sive & (f5sive dispositions4 ,function prim>ily w>n+2 b to give specific in=mation1 x may h to fight & ?us feel enemy out4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,=m$ zig-zag2 di/ance f advance p>ty 8 #b4 ,controll$ by lead] ( advance p>ty4 #c4 ,spe$ mu/ be great en\gh n to imp$e ! ma9 column4 ,mu/ n halt at fir/ sign ( enemy1 nor g (f on a flank4 #d4 ,int]e/ & co-op]ation ( inf]iors1 by adequate explanation ( situation & ( individual duties 7repeats74 #e4 ,rules = e/imat+ num]ical /r5g? ( ! mov+ body ( troops 7cf41 f4s4r41 sec4 #bg74 #f4 ,po9t z a m>* outpo/ 787 :5 ! column is halt$4 ,only !n may ! ,a4,g4 po9t make any lat]al arrangem5t ( its memb]s 7cf4 #c above74 ,second ,problem3 ,advance ,gu>d ,connect+ ,file1 cf41 f4s4r41 ref]5ce above3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,two m5 7usually7 = liaison en r\te :]e elem5ts too widely sep>at$ or roads too curv$ & wood$4 ,di/ance #bjj to #e y>ds ap>t4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,con/ant t\* ) elem5ts be=e & beh9d4 #b4 ,relay bo? ways messages s5t to or f remot] p>ts ( ! column4 ,spe$ & accuracy ( signal+4 #c4 ,guide to be =w>d 9 daytime1 at night on ! ma9 body4 ,?ird ,problem3 ,advance ,gu>d ,flank ,patrol1 pp4 #ca-cb3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,= protect+ a m>*+ column f attack1 by w>n+ x on ! basis ( in=mation ga9$ 9 reconnaissance4 ,int]val betwe5 m5 dep5ds on circum/ances4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,/>t f ne> head ( ! column1 i4e41 f smalle/ elem5t 9 ! advance gu>d t c af=d to cut d[n its numb]s4 #b4 ,spe$ r ?an safety1 to keep abrea/ ( own column & to =ce ! enemy to disclose himself by fir+ on ,f4,p4 r ?an on ma9 body4 #c4 ,s5t to inve/igate suspici\s areas1 e4g4 9 woods1 beh9d h\ses4 #d4 ,action 9 case ( fir+ on ma9 body2 advance & c\nt]fire1 deploy$4 #e4 ,get-away man 9 re> ( column4 #f4 ,/ick to ! job3 no w&]+ or *as+ ( enemy beyond range ( column4 ,job is to w>n & protect aga9/ flank attack4 ,f\r? ,problem3 ,platoon z ,advance ,p>ty3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function3 ,body ( infantry1 am\nt+ to #a_/h to #a_/b ! ,support 7dep5d+ on ! numb] ( cavalry ahead7 cf41 f4s4r41 p4 #bh4 ,duty4--,to back up ! po9t & ! advance cavalry 7if any7 if fir$ ^u2 remove enemy bodies & o!r ob/acles4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,describe g5]al mission to inf]iors4 #b4 ,expla9 individual duties to inf]iors4 #c4 ,s5d out po9t & connect+ files4 #d4 ,=m 9 platoon2 zig-zag4 #e4 ,keep go+2 prosecute engagem5ts briskly1 n to delay ma9 column4 #f4 ,proc$ure "u fire3 deploys & drops1 :5 fir$ ^u2 looks = enemy's direction & assigns t>get & range4 ,advance "u cov] if any1 :5 fire light2 :5 heavy seek to div]t fire to y away f ma9 body ( advance gu>d to facilitate latt]'s disposition = advance to y\r support4 ,seek to drive (f a weak] enemy1 & to hold (f a /rong]4 #g4 ,spe$y decisions4 ,value ( imag9>y situations1 :ile on ! m>*2 & plann+ y\r comm&s4 ,fif? ,problem3 ,combat ,patrol3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,contra/$ ) cov]+ deta*m5t1 :i* is l>ge en\gh to (f] consid]able resi/ance1 ! combat patrol is prim>ily to ,w>n1 especially aga9/ flank attacks4 ,size v>ies widely because ( loos5ess 9 def9ition1 e4g41 #ajj m5 might be cov]+ deta*m5t = a regim5t1 b a combat patrol = a brigade4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,comp>ison ( ?9 l9e v]sus ?9 column1 reg>d+3 7a7 vuln]ability1 7b7 fatigue1 7c7 tactical advantage1 :5 engagem5t mat]ializes1 7e7 control ( movem5t & ( fire4 #b4 ,ag5t betwe5 advance & ma9 body4 #c4 ,attack any enemy ( reasonable size t attacks ma9 body4 #d4 ,corn z concealm5t v]sus corn z ob/ruction to sight4 #e4 ,vuln]ability ( *>g+ cavalry4 #f4 ,lieut5ant z tactical *ief1 s]geant z discipl9>ian1 9 a platoon2 except :58 #g4 ,messages concise1 n ambigu\s1 writt5 v]sus oral8 ,repeats4 #h4 ,limitations ( use ( map4 ,vegetation *anges2 errors 9 cont\r+4 ,six? ,problem & ,sev5? ,problem3 ,two ,pickets3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,outpo/ contra/$ ) advance gu>d 9 t =m] is /ation$ ar\nd a camp or biv\ac1 :ile latt] prec$es a m>*+ column4 ,to *eck enemy attempt+ to attack ma9 body1 & hold him till l>g] =ce is able to deploy4 ,consi/s ( outpo/ res]ve1 outpo/ l9e ( supports1 l9e ( outgu>ds 7pickets1 s5try squads1 & cossack po/s71 plus s5t9els1 patrols1 etc4 ,picket ord9>ily m]ely w>ns ( an attack1 b may (f] resi/ance4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,smoo? po/+ ( outpo/ v desirable2 influ5ce ( delay on spirits ( m51 aft] day's m>*4 #b4 ,outpo/ support s5ds out pickets4 #c4 ,picket s5ds out s5try squads1 cossack po/s1 s5t9els1 etc4 #d4 ,provisional dispositions by lead]s ( outgu>d elem5ts2 importance ( good sket*2 intr5*m5ts8 #e4 ,confirmation & alt]ation by high] (fic]s2 especially *anges at night reg>d+ lay\t & mann+4 ,fire ineffective at night except at %ort ranges4 #f4 ,ro/] 8 #g4 ,in/ructions reg>d+ enemy's position & /r5g?1 & ! fri5dly outgu>ds to "r & left4 #h4 ,mode ( numb]+ elem5ts 7f "r to "r74 ,arrangem5t = smoo? )drawal ( ea* elem5t ^u /rong] "o4 #i4 ,disposition ( /rang]s2 use = in=mation4 #aj4 ,ne$ ( explicit arrangem5ts 9 case ( attack 9 day or night4 #aa4 ,sleep ne> arms4 ,eigh? ,problem--,cossack ,po/ & ,s5try ,squad3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function3 #a4 ,cossack ,po/3 #d m5 9 *>ge ( a corporal 7usually7 prim>ily to obs]ve & w>n2 second>ily to keep conceal$1 & int]cept /rang]s :o might be useful to enemy or to u4 #b4 ,s5try ,squad3 #h m5 9 *>ge ( a corporal4 ,duties simil> b /r5g? is great]4 ,po/s d\ble s5t9el4 #c4 ,po/ important en\gh = a cossack po/ is (t5 d\bl$ into a s5try squad at night4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples3 #a4 ,opportunity to pick (f enemies ought to be ignor$ until position ( c4p4 or s4s4 or ( its support+ body has unque/ionably be5 le>n$ by enemy4 ,!n fire away4 #b4 ,/op enemy's patroll+4 ,is z important z to =ce y\r own obs]vation4 #c4 ,advantages ( s4s4 ov] c4p4 = night "w3 7a7 /r5g?1 7b7 sur5ess1 7c7 adequacy ( obs]vation be=e fir+ al>m4 #d4 ,use ( prison]s1 & pap]s on dead bodies4 #e4 ,value ( imag9+ y\rself 9 position ( enemy comm&] 9 decid+ :at enemy dispositions y w combat him )4 ,n9? ,problem3 ,reconnoit]+ ,patrol3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,ga!r in=mation 9 ! field4 ,no resi/ance unless compell$4 ,concealm5t & flight r ?an resi/ance by fire3 opposite ( cov]+ deta*m5t4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,judgm5t 9 decid+ :at equipm5t is appropriate to ! p>ticul> patrol4 #b4 ,sket* copies2 cont\rs z guides = conceal$ r\te4 #c4 ,fight only 9 self def5ce4 #d4 ,h[ to "q hidd5 s5t9el )\t disclos+ 8 position to enemy4 #e4 ,judici\s *oice ( cov] 9 approa*+ de/9ation4 #f4 ,dat+ & plac+ ( messages4 #g4 ,rate ( passage ( troops3 ,rule ( #b-b-b4 ,t5? ,problem--,visit+ ,patrol3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function3 ,two m5 or m s5t f supports & pickets liaison betwe5 adjo9+ outgu>ds4 ,m useful at night1 because ( r$uc$ visibility ( t]ra9 betwe5 outgu>ds4 #a4 ,in=m ! s5d+ body ( conditions at s5t9el po/s4 #b4 ,prev5t enemy f p5etrat+ l9es betwe5 po/s4 #c4 ,ex*ange in=mation betwe5 adjo9+ po/s4 #d4 ,take back captur$ /rang]s to comm&]4 #e4 ,re5=ce feel+ ( mutual support among ! isolat$ s5t9els4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,ke5 sight & he>+2 sil5ce4 #b4 ,ne$ ( signals4 ,bo? c\nt]sign & *eck--c\nt]sign4 #c4 ,equipm5t2 no?+ t rattles or gli/5s4 #d4 ,disposition3 lead] 9 front1 because ( ne$ = quick decision4 #e4 ,di/ance n ov] two miles ev5 9 mo/ op5 c\ntry4 #f4 ,dang] ( />tl+ a fri5d s5t9el by unw>n$ approa*4 ,elev5? ,problem--,deta*$ ,po/3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,po/$ :]e connection _c be easily ma9ta9$ ) o!r elem5ts ( outpo/4 ,s5t usually by outpo/ res]ve or by ma9 body1 & retires to !m1 r ?an to ! l9e ( supports4 ,function same z elem5t ( outpo/ prop]1--obs]vation1 resi/ance1 reconnaissance2 b less resi/ance ?an w>n+4 ,may be z small z #b m51 or z l>ge z a support1 dep5d+ on location & importance ( deta*$ position4 ,b4 ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,e/abli%$ "u precautions1 because ( dang] ( enemy break+ betwe5 ! ma9 body & ! deta*$ po/4 #b4 ,entr5*m5t3 :at "t ( day8 ,:at o!r circum/ances8 ,treatm5t ( bridges8 ,night8 #c4 ,requisition+ ord]3 ,ne$ ( paym5t2 = ju/ice1 = milit>y advantage lat] 7reassure f>m]s ?r\gh ^: t]ritory y w ne$ to pass & keep suppli$74 ,twelf? ,problem--,requisition+ ,deta*m5t or ,patrol3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,a patrol may h any mission3 "h x is s5t to take 7on paym5t7 ! prov5d] designat$4 ,a4r4d4 s5t by comm&] ) specific in/ructions1 is legal2 a raid = booty illegal4 7,see f4s4r41 sec1 #bij47 ,b4 ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,prep>ation ess5tial4 #b4 ,s5d+ ( m5 s+ly or 9 pairs across op5 spaces4 #c4 ,delib]ate />t on wrong road to deceive enemy sc\ts4 #d4 ,n to fire unless oblig$1--until return trip4 ,?irte5? ,problem--,a ,contact ,patrol3 ,a4 ,def9ition & ,function4--,a small patrol s5t out f a /ation>y body ( troops1 usually at night1 to f9d out :e!r enemy is />t+ a retreat4 7,compact =mation 9 column47 ,b4 ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,travel light1 b prep>e to sp5d "s "t ly+ /ill4 #b4 ,r\te re> & p>allel to a road1 b n on x4 #c4 ,d n attack enemy patrols unless necess>y4 #d4 ,get ?r\gh enemy l9e ( obs]vation & wat* support or l>g] body4 #e4 ,return toge!r :5 y h def9ite in=mation4 ,d n s5d s+le mess5g]s4 ,f\rte5? ,problem4--,a ,small ,outgu>d3 ,! pr9ciples us$ 9 #ad are same z ^? li/$ "u #a-ac2 & %\ld be cl9*$ by assign+ y\rself ! problem ( completely arrang+ an outpo/ = a brigade to be encamp$ or biv\ack$ at "s assign$ position on ! ,hunt]'s ,t[n %eet4 ,ex*ange solutions1 = mutual criticism4 ,exam9ations4 ,! foll[+ exam9ations1 giv5 at ! second ,plattsburg ,tra9+ ,camp1 w enable /ud5ts ( milit>y matt]s to =m "s idea z to :]e !y /& 9 _! grasp ( ! subject3 ,plattsburg ,tra9+ ,camp3 #a4 ,expla9 ! ,position ( ! ,soldi]4 7,p>4 #ea1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,be+ at p>ade re/1 expla9 position ( "r foot4 7,p>4 #ec1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,expla9 ! ,h& ,salute4 7,p>4 #eh1 i4d4r47 #d4 7#a7 ,give l5g? ( full /ep 7a7 9 quick "t1 7b7 9 d\ble "t4 7#b7 ,h[ is ! full /ep measur$8 7,p>4 #fj1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,expla9 ,halt f quick "t4 7,p>4 #gj1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,expla9 position ( butt ( rifle at ,ord] ,arms /&+4 7,p>4 #gg1 i4d4r47 #g4 ,expla9 position ( left =e>m at pres5t arms4 7,p>4 #gh1 i4d4r47 #h4 ,at p>ade re/ "u arms 7rifle71 expla9 position ( left h&4 7,p>4 #ij1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e expla9 ,squad ,"r4 7,p>4 #aai1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,! company 9 l9e1 give comm&s & expla9 ,to dismiss ! company4 7,p>4 #agd1 i4d4r47 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,be+ 9 any =mation assembl$1 give comm&s & expla9 movem5ts = deploy+ ! squad z skirmi%]s4 7,p>4 #abd1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,:5 deploy$ z skirmi%]s 7a7 ,h[ d ! m5 m>*8 7b7 ,h[ are ! pieces c>ri$8 7c7 ,:o is ! guide8 7d7 ,:at is ! normal int]val betwe5 skirmi%]s8 7e7 ,:at is ! l5g? ( ! front ( ! squad :5 deploy$ at normal int]vals8 7,p>4 #abd1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,9 :at =mations are ! load+s execut$8 7,p>4 #acc1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& = =m+ skirmi% l9e1 :at does ea* squad lead] d8 7,p>4 #bjj1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,9 :at direction does a deploy$ l9e face on halt+8 7,p>4 #bjc47 #f4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e1 expla9 ! movem5t ,platoon columns4 ,m>*4 7,p>4 #bac1 i4d4r47 #g4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! advance 9 a succession ( ?9 l9es8 7,p>4 #bai1 i4d4r47 #h4 ,"n ?ree classes ( fire4 ,:i* class is normally employ$ 9 action8 7,p>4 #bda-b-c1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,:y is x necess>y to h prop] di/ribution ( fire8 7,p>4 #bdf1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,expla9 briefly ! functions ( platoon lead]s1 platoon guides & squad lead]s 9 ! fire fight4 7,p>4 #beb1 i4d4r47 #a4 ,expla9 ! position ( p>ade re/ 7)\t arms74 7,p>4 #ec1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,be+ 9 ! position ( ! soldi]1 expla9 ! position ( ! heels1 feet & knees4 7,p>4 #ea1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,give ! comm&s = & expla9 ! execution ( ,"r ,face4 #d4 ,be+ at a halt1 give ! comm&s = mov+ =w>d 9 quick "t & expla9 ! execution !re(4 7,p>4 #fb1 i4d4r47 #e4 7a7 ,be+ 9 m>* 9 quick "t1 give ! comm&s necess>y to m>* 9 d\ble "t & expla9 ! execution !re(1 7,p>4 #fc1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,:at is ! l5g? ( /ep & ! rate ( /eps p] m9ute 9 d\ble "t8 7,p>4 #fj1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,at ,"r ,%\ld] ,arms3 7a7 ,expla9 ! position ( ! trigg] gu>d4 7,p>4 #hc1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,:at is ! position ( ! b>rel8 7,p>4 #hh1 i4d4r47 #g4 ,9 ! rifle salute 7"r %\ld] arms71 describe ! position ( !3 7a7 ,left =e>m on fir/ c\nt1 7,p>4 #ic1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,left h& on fir/ c\nt4 7,p>4 #ic1 i4d4r47 #h4 ,expla9 ! position ( ! left =e>m on ! second c\nt ( "r %\ld] arms f ord] arms4 7,p>4 #hc1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e expla9 ,squad "r ab\t4 7,p>4 #aba1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,expla9 ! execution ( ,"r by ,squads1 #b ,m>*4 7,p>4 #ahc1 i4d4r47 #a4 ,:at are ! two g5]al classes ( milit>y in=mation8 7,p>4 #i1 f4s4r47 #b4 ,:at d y und]/& by ! t]m reconnaissance8 7,p>4 #aa1 f4s4r47 #c4 7a7 ,"n ! v>i\s k9ds ( patrols4 7,note to ,p>4 #bc1 f4s4r47 7b7 ,:at are ! advantages ( small patrols ov] /rong patrols8 7,p>4 #bd1 f4s4r47 #d4 ,:at gov]ns ! =mation adopt$ by ! patrol8 7,p>4 #bf1 f4s4r47 #e4 ,:at is a field message8 7,p>4 #cb1 f4s4r47 #f4 7a7 ,:at is ! function ( an advance gu>d8 7,p>4 #dj1 f4s4r47 7b7 ,:at ( a flank gu>d8 7,p>4 #ec1 f4s4r47 #g4 7a7 ,:at is an outpo/8 7,p>4 #fj1 f4s4r47 7b7 ,h[ are ! outgu>ds classifi$8 7,p>4 #fd1 f4s4r47 #h4 ,def9e a successful m>*4 7,p>4 #if1 f4s4r47 #i4 ,:at rules gov]n ! halts ( a column ( troops on ! m>*8 7,p>4 #ajb1 f4s4r47 #aj4 7a7 ,f a c]ta9 po9t (f ! road y obs]ve a column ( troops m>*+ on ! road4 ,y c di/+ui% t ^! troops are infantry 9 column ( squads4 ,x requires #bj m9utes = !m to pass a giv5 po9t4 ,h[ mu* infantry is 9 ! column8 7,p>4 #bg1 f4s4r47 7b7 ,! day is /ill1 no w9d bl[+1 fur!r to ! re> y c see a brok5 cl\d ( du/ ext5d+ 9 prolongation ( ! road b _c see ! cause4 ,:at does ?is indicate8 7,p>4 #bg1 f4s4r47 99 99 99 99 99 ,h>v>d ,college4 ,s*ool ( ! ,soldi]3 #a4 ,def9e dep?1 di/ance1 int]val1 front1 base1 po9t ( re/1 deploym5t1 pace4 7i4d4r4 def9itions47 #b4 7a7 ,:at is ! guide ( ! lead+ subdivision1 9 column ( subdivisions1 *>g$ )8 7,p>4 #bj1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,:at is ! guide ( ! subdivisions 9 re> *>g$ )8 7,p>4 #bj1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,:at are ord]s1 comm&s & signals4 7,p>4 #ca1 #cg1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,describe position ( ! soldi] or att5tion 7)\t arms47 7i4d4r4 #ea47 #e4 ,:at are ! re/s8 ,describe ea*4 7,p>4 #eb1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,describe ab\t face4 7,p>4 #eg1 i4d4r47 #g4 7a7 ,be+ at a halt1 or m>*+ 9 quick "t1 to m>* 9 d\ble "t4 ,describe comm&s & h[ execut$4 7,p>4 #fc1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 to resume quick "t4 ,describe comm&s & h[ execut$4 7,p>4 #fd1 i4d4r47 #h4 ,:at are ! rules t gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! piece8 7,p>4 #ge1 i4d4r47 #i4 ,:at g5]al rules gov]n ! execution ( ! manual ( arms8 7,p>4 #gf1 i4d4r47 #aj4 ,give ! rate p] m9ute & l5g? ( ! half /ep & full /ep 9 quick & d\ble "t4 7,p>4 #fj1 i4d4r47 #aa4 ,:at are ! arm signals =3 ,column left1 m>*2 halt2 z skirmi%]s1 m>*2 assemble1 m>*2 susp5d fir+2 range1 #bej y>ds2 fix bayonets4 7,p>4 #dc1 i4d4r47 #ab4 ,expla9 ! execution ( ! comm& ,"r ,dress4 7,p>4 #ajg1 i4d4r47 99 99 99 99 99 ,s*ool ( ! ,squad3 #a4 ,to susp5d fir+3 ,give ! comm&s & describe execution4 ,same1 to cease fir+4 7,p>4 #adi-aej1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,describe 9 detail ! execution ( ,squads ,"r4 7,p>4 #aai1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,give ! comm&s & expla9 execution = tak+ int]vals4 ,h[ does x diff] f tak+ di/ances8 7,p>s4 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,describe 9 detail ,"r oblique1 ,m>*4 7,p>4 #aaf1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,expla9 ! use ( ,9 place1 ,halt4 7,p>4 #ad1 i4d4r47 #f4 ,:5 c ! foll[+ comm&s be us$3 ,resume ,m>*4 7,p>4 #ad1 i4d4r47 ,oblique ,m>*4 7,p>4 #aag1 i4d4r47 ,by ! "r flank1 ,m>*4 7,p>4 #ga1 i4d4r47 ,take ,arms4 7,p>4 #aad1 i4d4r47 #g4 ,describe by :at comm&s & 9 :at mann] a squad is =m$4 #h4 7a7 ,be+ 9 l9e1 give ! comm&s & describe ! movem5ts = turn+ on a mov+ pivot4 7b7 ,be+ 9 l9e1 give ! comm&s & describe ! movem5ts = turn+ on a fix$ pivot4 #i4 ,be+ 9 any =mation1 assembl$1 give ! comm&s & describe ! movem5ts = deploy+ z skirmi%]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s*ool ( ! ,company3 #a4 ,give ! prop] comm&s = ! foll[+ movem5ts3 7a7 ,company be+ 9 l9e1 to m>* to ! front 9 column ( squads4 7,p>4 #ahc1 i4d4r47 7b7 ,company be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads to ! flank4 7,p>4 #agh1 i4d4r47 7c7 ,company be+ 9 l9e1 to =m skirmi% l9e4 7,p>4 #bjf1 #bjj1 #bjb1 i4d4r47 7d7 ,company be+ 9 column ( squads1 to =m l9e to ! "r s ! lead+ squad %all be on ! "r ( ! l9e4 7,p>4 #ahh1 i4d4r47 #b4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to align ! company4 ,give ! comm&s & expla9 ! movem5t4 7,p>s4 #age1 #ajg1 i4d4r47 #c4 ,! company hav+ gone f l9e into column ( squads by ! comm&3 ,squads "r1 ,m>*1 /ate ! position ( ! capta91 two lieut5ants & "r & left guides4 7,p>s4 #afc1 #afh & ,plate ,,ii1 i4d4r47 #d4 ,%[ by diagram3 7a7 ,a company ( two platoons 9 column ( platoons1 7b7 ,a company ( ?ree platoons 9 l9e ( platoons4 7,plate ,,ii1 i4d4r47 #e4 ,:at comm&s are giv5 to =m ! company8 #f4 7a7 ,:o is ! pivot 9 execut+ ,company ,left8 7b7 ,:o is ! pivot 9 execut+ ,left ,turn8 ,milit>y ,sci5ce & ,tactics4 ,,m9or ,,tactics4 ,,map3 ,,gettysburg--,,antietam 7,,hunt]/[n ,,%eet74 ,fir/ ,problem3 ,an ,advance ,p>ty--,situation ,i3 ,y\r battalion & ! ma*9e gun company occupy ,c5t] ,mills1 9 enemy's c\ntry4 ,! rema9d] ( ! ,h>v>d ,regim5t is encamp$ two miles nor? ( ,c5t] ,mills4 ,! ,battalion has an outgu>d at ,j4 ,fohl1 #aaej y>ds s\!a/ ( ,c5t] ,mills4 ,x is mid-w9t]2 !re is no sn[1 b ! /reams are froz54 ,at #f4de a4m41 #a ,feb41 #ag1 y\r battalion & ! ma*9e gun company are hurri$ly assembl$1 pieces are load$1 & ! column1 y\r company 9 ! lead1 is m>*$ out ( t[n1 ov] ! s\!a/ road4 ,y\r capta9 calls ! (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s to ! head ( ! company & gives ! foll[+ v]bal ord]3 ,a ,blue =ce1 e/imat$ at "o battalion ) ma*9e guns1 is m>*+ nor? f ,granite ,hill ,/a4 ,blue patrols h be5 report$ 9 vic9ity ( ,h5d]son meet+ h\se 7#gjj y>ds nor? ( ,hunt]/[n74 ,!re are no ,r$ troops s\? ( "h4 ,our battalion & ! ma*9e gun company are go+ to take up a position on ! #gab-gjg hills1 :i* flank ?is road1 ab\t #c miles s\? ( "h4 ,?is company w be ! advance gu>d4 ,! ma9 body1 :i* is ! re/ ( our column1 foll[s at #fjj y>ds4 ,lieut5ant ,all51 y\r platoon 7#a/7 & ! second platoon w con/itute ! ,,advance ,,p>ty4 ,! ?ird & f\r? platoons w =m ! ,,support1 & w foll[ ! advance p>ty at #cjj y>ds4 ,"h is a map = y4 ,foll[ ?is road 7po9t+ & indicat+ on map7 ?r\gh ,j4 ,fohl--#eed-ecd--;,bridge ,s4,h41 to crossroads #fff1 :]e y w halt & e/abli% a ,,m>* ,,outpo/4 ,i w be ) ! support4 ,:5 we rea* ! outgu>d at ,j4 ,fohl ! column w halt & ! advance gu>d w move out4 ,po/s4 ,! column halts at ! outgu>d4 ,y are ,lieut5ant ,all54 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions1 & dispositions 9 detail4 ,situation ,,ii3 ,! advance p>ty has j cle>$ road=k #ecd :5 x is fir$ ^u f ! woods along ! /ream ab\t #ejj y>ds s\!a/4 ,!re are probably #bj rifles fir+ ^u y4 ,! enemy's fire is well-direct$4 ,! po9t has cross$ ! fir/ bridge1 #cjj y>ds s\? ( #ecd4 ,! support has halt$2 b is n "u fire4 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions & dispositions4 ,second ,problem3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,po9t--,situation ,i3 ,! situation is ! same z 9 ! ,fir/ ,problem4 ,y are ! comm&] ( ! po9t4 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions & dispositions z ! po9t cle>s ! outgu>d4 ,requir$3 ,! po9t has j cross$ ! fir/ bridge #cjj y>ds s\!a/ ( #ecd1 :5 y he> fir+ & obs]ve t ! advance p>ty is be+ fir$ ^u f ! woods directly ea/ ( y4 ,a few mom5ts lat] y note a few dism\nt$ m5 cross+ ! isl& ab\t #djj y>ds to ! ea/4 ,! fir+ has ceas$4 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions & dispositions4 ,situation ,,iii3 ,! advance gu>d has resum$ its m>*4 ,:5 ! po9t rea*es ,bridge ,s4,h41 x is fir$ ^u f ! woods #djj y>ds to ! ea/4 ,ab\t t5 cavalrym5 are hurri$ly m\nt+1 o!rs are already rid+ into ! woods4 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions & dispositions4 ,?ird ,problem3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,flank ,patrol-- ,situation3 ,! situation is ! same z 9 ! ,fir/ ,problem1 & foll[s ,situation ,,iii1 ,second ,problem4 ,:5 ! advance p>ty is two hundr$ y>ds f ! road=k :]e unimprov$ road leads nor!a/1 ab\t #fjj y>ds s\!a/ ( ,bridge ,s4,h41 ,lieut5ant ,all5 gives ! foll[+ in/ructions to ,corporal ,adams1 #c;d ,squad3 ,corporal1 ab\t fifte5 ,blue cavalry h be5 driv5 back ?r\gh ^? woods 7po9t+ out woods to ea/74 ,:5 we rea* ! road=k 9 front ( u take y\r squad & comb ! woods until y rea* s\!rn edge4 ,f !re g ea/ until y obs]ve ! crossroads 7#faf7 :i* are ab\t #abjj y>ds beyond4 ,return ov] fir/ improv$ road runn+ s\?we/ to ! crossroads 7#fff7 ab\t #a-a_/b miles s\? ( "h & j "u ! hilltop1 :]e y w rejo9 advance p>ty4 ,y are ,corporal ,adams4 ,requir$3 ,y\r in/ructions1 dispositions1 & r\te ( ! patrol4 ,,map ,,read+4 ,,visibility ,,problems4 ,,map3 ,,gettysburg--,,antietam 7,,hunt]/[n ,,%eet74 ,,note4--,obs]vation po9ts #gjg & #gab are ! hills ref]r$ to 9 ! ,fir/ ,problem "u ,m9or ,tactics4 ,:]e "o po9t is invisible f ano!r1 /ate po9ts ( int]f]5ce4 ,problem #a4 ,c a s5t9el /&+ at #gjg see ! road=k #ece 7ab\t #aejj y>ds s\?78 ,problem #b4 ,an enemy patrol is m>*+ nor? on ! #edd-faf road1 & has cross$ ! /ream 7#gej y>ds nor? ( #edd74 ,c ?is patrol see ! ,r$ outgu>d at #gjg f any po9t betwe5 /ream & crossroads #faf8 ,problem #c4 ,c ! s5t9el at #gab see ! road=k #eha 7#ahej y>ds s\?we/ f #gab78 ,problem #d4 ,c ! s5t9el at #gab see ! crossroads #efa 7ab\t #abjj y>ds s\!a/78 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5]al ,situation--,hunt]/[n ,%eet4 ,! ,h>v>d ,regim5t camps ! night ( ,may #ca-;,june #a on ,opossum ,creek j we/ ( ,fri5ds ,grove ,s4,h4 7,a-#g7 9 ho/ile t]ritory4 ,! regim5t is "p ( a brigade1 ! rema9d] ( ! brigade be+ 9 camp "o day's m>* nor? ( ,c5t] ,mills4 ,problem ,i3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,po9t3 ,at daylight ( ,june #a/ ! regim5tal comm&] receives ! foll[+ message f brigade headqu>t]s3 ,our a]oplanes report a l>ge =ce ( ! enemy ne> ,hunt]/[n4 ,move at once on ,hunt]/[n4 ,develop ! /r5g? ( ?is enemy & locate 8 exact position4 ,i w s5d re9=cem5ts to y by motor-tra9 if necess>y4 ,(fic]s call is s\nd$1 & ?is in=mation transmitt$ to all ! (fic]s ( ! regim5t4 ,! ,fir/ ,battalion is designat$ z advance gu>d & ord]$ to move out at once by crossroads #eed & #efa1 & road =ks #ece & #eeb t[>ds ,hunt]/[n4 ,major ,a1 comm&+ ! ,fir/ ,battalion1 designates ! fir/ two platoons ( ,d company z advance p>ty & ,c company & ! rema9d] ( ,d company z support4 ,lieut4 ,x1 comm&+ ! advance p>ty1 calls up all 8 non-commission$ (fic]s & expla9s ! situation to !m4 ,he !n says3 ,s]geant ,mason1 take #d m5 & move out on t road 7po9t+7 z ! po9t4 ,at crossroads & road =ks semaphore ,w4,w4 & ,i w indicate ! direction4 ,! rema9d] ( ^! two platoons w be ! advance p>ty4 ,i w be ) x4 ,move out4 ,y are ,s]geant ,mason4 7a7 ,:at in/ructions1 & in=mation d y give ! po9t be=e y rea* crossroads #eed8 ,aft] pass+ crossroads #efa ab\t #cjj y>ds "o ( y\r m5 reports ab\t a squad ( ho/ile cavalry on ! road s\? ( road =k #edd1 #aejj y>ds ea/ ( y4 7b7 ,:at d y d8 ,problem ,,ii3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,connect+ ,file3 ,situation z 9 prec$+ problem4 ,aft] ! advance p>ty has mov$ out ab\t #ajj y>ds1 ,capta9 ,y1 comm&+ ! support1 says3 ,smi?1 y take ,jones & move out z connect+ file4 ,aft] ,smi? & ,jones h mov$ ab\t #ajj y>ds1 he says3 ,donnelly1 y take ,burke & move out z connect+ file4 ,y are ,donnelly4 7a7 ,:at in/ructions d y give ,burke be=e rea*+ crossroads #eed8 ,aft] pass+ crossroads #efa y g ab\t #aej y>ds )\t see+ ! connect+ file 9 re> ( y4 7b7 ,:at d y d8 ,problem ,,iii3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,flank ,patrol3 ,situation z 9 prec$+ problem4 ,on arriv+ at crossroads #efa ,lieut4 ,x comm&+ ! advance p>ty calls up ,s]geant ,clif=d & says3 ,s]geant1 ! po9t has j report$ a squad ( ho/ile cavalry ab\t a mile d[n ?is road 7po9t+ t[>d road =k #edd74 ,take y\r squad & sc\t d[n ?is road4 ,i w take ! next road to ! left lead+ to ,hunt]/[n4 ,rejo9 me on t road4 ,y are ,s]geant ,clif=d4 7a7 ,:at =mation d y adopt = y\r patrol8 ,no?+ happ5s until y arrive ne> road =k #edd1 :5 y he> fir+ f ! woods s\?we/ ( y4 ,?is fire is n direct$ t[>d y4 ,!re is evid5tly ab\t a squad fir+4 ,y c see no enemy 9 any direction4 7b7 ,:at d y d8 ,problem ,,iv3 ,platoon z an ,advance ,p>ty3 ,g5]al situation same z be=e4 ,y are ,lieut4 ,x comm&+ ! advance p>ty4 ,y h arriv$ ne> ! small or*>d s\!a/ ( road =k #ece4 ,a %>p fire is sudd5ly op5$ f ! woods to ! s\!a/1 app>5tly f a squad or small platoon4 7a7 ,give y\r ord]s & dispositions4 ,aft] fir+ ab\t a m9ute ! fire ( ! enemy /ops4 ,y move out into ! road & c see no sign ( y\r po9t or connect+ files4 ,! support is clos+ up on y4 7b7 ,:at d y d8 ,visibility ,problems3 7a7 ,c a man on hill #gab see a man at crossroads #eed 9 ,hunt]/[n8 7,disreg>d trees47 7b7 ,a man /&s at ! po9t :]e cont\r #fhj crosses ! road foll[$ 9 above problem1 j s\? ( hill #gjg4 ,:]e does ! roadb$ fir/ become invisible8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,map3 ,,gettysburg--- ,,antietam 7,,hunt]/[n ,,%eet74 ,fir/ ,problem3 ,a ,connect+ ,file--,situation ,i3 ,! ,h>v>d ,regim5t is 9 camp 9 ho/ile c\ntry ! night ,may #a-b 9 ! corn field #ajjj y>ds ea/ ( ,boyd ,s4,h41 j nor!a/ ( cross roads #dhh4 ,! l9e ( outgu>ds ext5ds approximately ?r\gh ,boyd ,s4,h41 ,hill #ebg1 ,mc,elheny4 ,at #a4jj a4m42 ,may #a/1 ! regim5tal comm&] receives ! foll[+ telephone message f brigade headqu>t]s at ,gettysburg 7j (f ! map to ! s\?7--,an enemy =ce e/imat$ /r5g? "o regim5t is 9 camp #f miles nor? ( ,c5t] ,mills4 ,8 patrols 7 se5 ye/]day by our advance cavalry ne> ,gu]nsey & ,c5t] ,mills4 ,x is reliably report$ t ?is =ce w m>* by ,c5t] ,mills & ,gu]nsey on ,bigl]sville to-morr[ morn+ to de/roy a l>ge am\nt ( roll+ /ock at t po9t4 ,move at once t[>d ,c5t] ,mills to /op & drive back ?is =ce4 ,(fic]s call is s\nd$4 ,! situation is expla9$ to ! (fic]s & !y are told to h _! companies ready to move at #b4jj a4m4 ,! #a/ battalion is designat$ z advance gu>d4 ,! advance gu>d is direct$ to move across ! field to road =k #eaa !nce nor? by ! ma9 road4 ,! fir/ platoon ( ,a company is designat$ z advance p>ty4 ,b company & ! rema9d] ( ,a company =m ! support4 ,z ! advance p>ty moves out ,capta9 ,smi? comm&+ ! support1 says to ,private ,long1 ,long1 y & ,williams move out z connect+ files4 ,?is is a d>k night s be c>eful to keep connection bo? front & re>4 ,be=e ,long is out ( sight2 he says1 ,scott1 y & ,hunt move out z connect+ files foll[+ ,long4 ,y are ,scott4 ,requir$3 7a7 ,:at in/ructions d y give ,hunt8 7b7 ,:at d y d up to ! "t y rea* ! ma9 road at #eaa8 ,situation ,,ii3 ,aft] y h pass$ road =k 9 ,table ,rock ab\t #ajj y>ds y notice t ,hunt :o has be5 wat*+ to ! re> does n seem to be al]t4 ,y look back & c see no sign ( ! connect+ file 9 re> ( y4 ,x is /ill d>k4 ,requir$3 ,:at d y d8 ,second ,problem3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,po9t--,g5]al ,situation same z 9 ,problem ,i3 ,s]geant ,hill & f\r m5 con/itute ! po9t4 ,! situation has be5 expla9$ to ,s]geant ,hill by ! advance p>ty comm&]4 ,ab\t daylight ! po9t arrives at crossroads #fjj4 ,a %>p fire evid5tly f ab\t a squad is receiv$ f ! h\se on ! rise #ejj y>ds nor? along ! road4 ,y are ,s]geant ,hill4 ,requir$3 ,:at d y d8 ,?ird ,problem3 ,an ,advance ,gu>d ,flank ,patrol--,situation ,i--,g5]al ,situation same z ,problem ,i3 ,up to daylight no flank patrols h be5 s5t out4 ,:5 ! support rea*es ,table ,rock ! support comm&] calls ,corporal ,bell & says to him ,corporal take y\r squad z a flank patrol up ?is road to ! "r4 ,take ! left h& road at ! fir/ two road =ks & foll[ ! road pa/ ! *ur* & s*ool-h\se until y rea* ?is road aga9 ab\t #a-a_/b miles nor? ( "h4 ,report e ?+ y h se5 :5 y rejo94 ,y\r squad consi/s ( sev5 m5 besides y\rself4 ,requir$3 7a7 ,! disposition ( y\r squad on ! m>*4 7b7 ,:at d y d :5 y he> ! fir+ ne> crossroads #fjj8 ,f\r? ,problem3 ,platoon z ,advance ,p>ty--,situation--,g5]al ,situation same z 9 ! ,fir/ ,problem3 ,:5 y arrive at a po9t ab\t #bjj y>ds s\? ( hill #fdf y he> fir+ #ajjj y>ds nor? ( y4 ,y _c see :o is fir+ nor c y see ! po9t4 ,y are ,lieut5ant ,cl>k comm&+ ! advance p>ty4 ,requir$3 ,:at d y d8 ,visibility ,problems3 7a7 ,:5 ! po9t arrives at hill #fdg c x see ! crossroads #faj to ! nor!a/8 7b7 ,:5 ! flank patrol rea*es ,b5d]s' ,*ur* crossroads c x see an enemy patrol at ! h\se midway on ! road #ecd-eed "o mile to ! nor!a/8 7c7 ,look+ nor? along ! ,c5t] ,mills road f hill #fdg :]e does ! road fir/ become invisible8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,map3 ,,hunt]/[n ,,%eet4 ,g5]al ,situation3 ,! ,h>v>d regim5t encamp$ on ! night ( ,july #ab-ac at ,bigl]ville 7,b-#h7 9 ho/ile t]ritory4 ,! rema9d] ( ! brigade ( :i* ! regim5t is a "p is 9 camp #e miles we/ ( ,bigl]ville4 ,problem ,i3 ,at daylight1 ,july #ac1 ! regim5tal comm&] receives ! foll[+ message f brigade headqu>t]s3 ,x is report$ t ! enemy is 9 =ce ne> ,heidl]sburg4 ,move on ,heidl]sburg at once2 locate ! position ( ! enemy1 & develop 8 /r5g?4 ,re9=cem5ts w be s5t y1 if necess>y4 ,?is in=mation is transmitt$ to all (fic]s ( ! regim5t4 ,! ,fir/ ,battalion is ord]$ to move out at once z advance gu>d on ,bigl]ville-#faj-ehb road t[>d ,heidl]sburg4 ,major ,dunn1 comm&+ ,fir/ ,battalion1 designates ! fir/ two platoons ( ,c ,company z advance p>ty1 & ,d ,company & ! rema9d] ( ,c ,company z support4 ,lieut4 ,gibbs1 comm&+ ! advance p>ty1 expla9s ! situation to 8 non-commission$ (fic]s1 & !n ord]s3 ,s]geant ,d[1 take f\r m5 & move out on t road 7indicat+ road to ,heidl]sburg7 z po9t4 ,! rema9d] ( ^! two platoons w be ! advance p>ty & w foll[ y at #bjj y>ds4 ,i %all be ) x4 ,move out4 ,y are ,s]gt4 ,d[4 ,h[ d y place y\r m51 & :at in=mation & in/ructions d y give ! po9t be=e y pass ! or*>d ea/ ( ,bigl]ville8 ,situation #b3 ,y are /ill ,s]gt4 ,d[4 ,! po9t has rea*$ crossroads #ehb4 ,y are in=m$ by a f>m] liv+ at crossroads #ehb t ab\t half an h\r be=e !re 7 "s soldi]s half a mile nor? ( #ehb on ! road to ,c5t] ,mills4 ,he says he does n "k :]e !y w5t4 ,:at d y d8 ,problem ,,ii3 ,! advance p>ty has arriv$ at crossroads #ehb4 ,in=mation has come to ,lieut4 ,gibbs1 bo? f ! po9t & f ! f>m] direct1 t ,r$ ,soldi]s h be5 se5 on road to nor? lead+ to ,c5t] ,mills4 ,lieut4 ,gibbs on arrival at #ehb s5ds out a squad "u ,s]gt4 ,jones to patrol nor? on ! ,c5t] ,mills road half a mile1 !n ea/ by f>m road to corn]1 !n by f5ce s\? ( h\se & b>n to ,opossum ,creek & d[n creek to ma9 road aga94 ,! advance p>ty !n proce$s ab\t #cjj y>ds ea/]ly f #ehb1 :5 ! po9t signals ,enemy 9 small numb]s 9 creek bottom due nor?4 7a7 ,:at does ,lieut4 ,gibbs & ! advance p>ty d8 7b7 ,:at does he tell ! po9t to d8 7c7 ,:at does ! flank patrol "u ,s]gt4 ,jones d8 ,problem ,,iii3 ,because ( ! action tak5 9 ,problem ,,ii ! ,r$s h ceas$ to m5ace ! left flank ( ! advance gu>d3 7a7 ,:at does ! advance p>ty & its comm&] d8 7b7 ,:at does he tell ! po9t to d8 ,ano!r ,situation--,problem ,,iv3 ,enemy is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,hunt]/[n4 ,y\r brigade has m>*$ s\? ?r\gh ,gu]nsey to road =k #faj1 & has turn$ ea/1 & is ab\t to camp 9 grass field nor? ( road #faj-ehb1 #a-c ( a mile we/ ( #ehb4 ,y\r battalion is to =m ! outpo/4 ,y are its major4 ,:]e d y po/3 7a7 ,! outpo/ res]ve8 7b7 ,! outpo/ supports8 7c7 ,! outgu>ds8 7,,note3 ,! sector up to & includ+ ! road ,c5t] ,mills--#eed-ecd--;,bridge ,s4,h4 is cov]$ by ano!r brigade to y\r left47 ,problem ,v3 ,on ! same g5]al s*eme z 9 ,problem ,,iv4 ,y are ,s]gt4 ,rob9son ( ,support ,no4 #a4 ,y are ord]$ by its comm&] to move out ) #c squads to =m a picket1 outgu>d ,no4 #a1 putt+ out obs]vation po/s on ! road ab\t half a mile s\? ( ! support4 7a7 ,/ate :at directions y give to y\r picket & h[ y move to y\r position4 7b7 ,:]e d y po/ ! picket & its obs]vation po/s8 7c7 ,:at ord]s & in/ructions d y give on arrival at ! place select$8 ,,*apt] #ae4 ,tr5* ,w>f>e4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples4 #a4 ,def5se may be made 9 dep? by all organizations1 d[n to & includ+ ! platoon1 or x may be made lat]ally4 #b4 ,! smalle/ active segm5t1 be x only ?ree m51 mu/ h a *ief & a second 9 comm&1 :o is responsible = ! prop] upkeep & def5se ( ! segm5t4 ,all occupants ( active segm5ts mu/ "k all in/ructions :i* %\ld be simple4 #c4 ,any troops 9 *>ge ( a portion ( tr5* mu/ nev] ab&on x1 no matt] :at happ5s1 ev5 if surr\nd$4 #d4 ,all gr\nd lo/ mu/ be retak5 at once by imm$iate c\nt] attack laun*$ by ! unit :i* lo/ ! gr\nd4 ,z a matt] ( fact a c\nt] attack is difficult = a platoon or company2 x is really necess>y = x to be made by a battalion4 #e4 ,ea* company mu/ provide = emplacem5ts = m9e ?r[]s to be s]v$ by ! artill]y & = pneumatic guns to be s]v$ by _! own m54 ,in/ructions to be ,issu$ by ,battalion ,comm&]4 #a4 ,disposition ( companies 9 sector assign$ 7be/ done by sket* %[+ sectors assign$ to companies74 #b4 ,special ord]s to companies 7conc]ns field ( fire to be obta9$ n only 9 own sector1 b also 9 ^? adjo9+ x74 #c4 ,improvem5t ( def5se4 7,brief reports f company comm&]s to be foll[$ by "w be+ done on ord] ( battalion comm&] aft] inspection47 #d4 ,organization ( wat*+ 7n s5try duty7 7by company comm&] "u sup]vision ( battalion comm&]74 #e4 ,organization ( obs]vation 7n s5try duty7 7by company comm&] "u sup]vision ( battalion comm&]74 #f4 ,organization ( supply 7procur+1 r\t+1 etc41 ( tools1 ammunition1 food1 wat]1 etc471 7by company comm&] "u sup]vision ( battalion comm&]74 #g4 ,organization ( liaison 7communication7 7runn]s1 telephone1 telegraph visual signal+1 pigeons1 etc41 by company comm&] "u ! sup]vision ( battalion comm&]74 ,all telephonic communication mu/ be 9 code4 #h4 ,organization ( supplies to include am\nts to be expect$ daily f ! re>4 #i4 ,k ( enemy mu/ be imp>t$ to company comm&]s 9 ord] to assi/ !m 9 mak+ _! dispositions4 #aj4 ,frequ5t reports to be made ( exi/+ conditions at ! front = in=mation ( high] comm&]s4 #aa4 ,lat]al def5se ( boyaux mu/ n be ov]look$4 #ab4 ,wide turn+ movem5ts are n possible4 ,envelop+ movem5ts are possible only on local attacks aga9/ small portions ( ! ho/ile l9e aft] x has be5 pi]c$4 ,all ma9 attacks are conf9$ to purely frontal attacks4 #ac4 ,! mo/ important ob/acle is b>b$ wire entanglem5ts4 #ad4 ,communication 7liaison7 betwe5 & co-ord9ation & co-op]ation (1 ! diff]5t elem5ts ( a comm& is ( ! utmo/ importance4 #ae4 ,artill]y co-op]ates m closely ?an ev] ) infantry4 ,its reconnaissance (fic]s accompany infantry l9es 9 ord] to obta9 in=mation4 ,!re is a c]ta9 numb] ( artill]y obs]v]s atta*$ to ea* battalion ( infantry4 ,! g5]al me?od ( attack is to smo!r ! def5se ) a torr5t ( explosive %ells1 kept up incessantly = "o or m days1 & %att] ! def5se s !y w (f] b slight resi/ance to ! infantry2 !n ru% =w>d ) ! infantry & seize ! positions :ile ! enemy is demoraliz$1 & consolidate !m be=e re5=cem5ts c be br\ght up4 ,! artill]y bomb>dm5t is necess>y to prep>e ! way = ! infantry advance4 ,x has = its objects3 7#a7 ,to de/roy ! ho/ile artill]y1 wire entanglem5ts & infantry tr5*es4 7#b7 ,to produce curta9s ( fire & prev5t br++ up re5=cem5ts4 ,light guns are assign$ to ,,ea* ,,battalion ,,( ,,infantry1 subject only to ord]s ( regim5tal & battalion comm&]s conc]n$4 ,save "u exceptional circum/ances ! light gun is always atta*$ to ! ,ma*9e ,gun ,company = ! attack4 ,! ess5tial role ( ! light gun is to de/roy ) direct fire ! visible ma*9e guns2 !y are employ$ sep>ately & n gr\p$4 ,! infantry is divid$ into two classes3 ,hold+ troops--& attack+ or %ock troops4 ,hold+ troops are ^? do+ r\t9e or tr5* duty2 %ock troops are pick$ organizations ( "y & vigor\s m5 & are kept 9 camps well beh9d ! battle front4 ,hold+ troops are two weeks 9 & two weeks out ( ! tr5*es4 ,all speciali/ gr\ps1 i4e41 ,ma*9e ,gun ,companies1 etc41 are (fic]$1 all[+ company & battalion comm&]s to conc5trate !m1 if ! situation requires4 ,!y play ! normal "p 9 combat if !y d n receive special in/ructions4 ,attack ( a ,def5sive ,position4 ,unity ( comm& 9 dep? mu/ be pres]v$ ev]y:]e1 unless !re is an imp]ative reason = do+ o!rwise4 ,! front ( ea* regim5t %\ld be divid$ betwe5 two or ?ree battalions4 ,ea* battalion comm&] hav+ to look aft] a front ( f #ejj to #fjj y>ds1 c ex]cise effici5t control ( 8 comm&4 ,9 prep>+ = an assault1 s5iors mu/ take /eps to organize x & make all necess>y prep>ations !mselves1 & n leave all ! responsibility ) ! juniors4 ,9 ! assault ea* unit mu/ "k its special task be=eh&1 & x %\ld be rehe>s$ 9 re> ( ! l9e ( tr5*es4 ,ea* comm&] mu/ "k ! exact "t he is to />t & mu/ />t on "t4 ,! fir/ waves ( m5 are plac$ at #d or #e pace int]val4 ,*ief ( section c comm& only a front ( #hj to #ajj paces & x is necess>y to =m ! section 9 two 7#b7 waves4 ,! fir/ conta9+ ! gr5adi]s & automatic riflem51 ! latt] 9 ! c5t]4 ,! second wave conta9s ! riflem5 & rifle gr5adi]s1 ! latt] 9 ! c5t]4 ,if ! t]ra9 is cut up by woods1 villages1 etc41 ! proportion ( gr5adi]s may be increas$ by tak+ !m f ! sections 9 support & ! automatic riflem5 s5t back to ! second wave4 ,if ! di/ance to cross exce$s #cjj or #djj y>ds1 ! numb] ( automatic riflem5 %\ld be increas$4 ,two or ?ree sections are usually plac$ abrea/ on ! company front1 :i* ?us cov]s two to ?ree hundr$ y>ds4 ,! support sections foll[ ! lead+ sections ( _! company at ab\t #ej y>ds1 m>*+ 9 two l9es1 if possible 9 two l9es ( squad columns at #bj y>d int]vals4 ,! fir/ wave ( ! support is usually =m$ ( ! "o-half section ( speciali/s4 ,! e*elon+ ( ! speciali/s 9 front is also ! mo/ favorable =mation to progress by ru%es 9 a t]ra9 cut up by %ell holes4 ,! *ief ( section is betwe5 ! two 7#b7 waves ( 8 section4 ,! capta9 is usually 9 front ( ! support sections4 ,! support sections are closely foll[$ by a p[]ful l9e ( ma*9e guns1 :i* are ?r[n into ! fight :5 ne$$ to re5=ce ! lead+ units4 ,tr5* ,clean]s usually m>* imm$iately aft] ! lead+ sections & may be tak5 f ! support sections4 ,!y are arm$ ) pi/ols1 knives & h& gr5ades4 ,! capta9 c use 8 section complete1 or take out ! speciali/s & use !m = a p>ticul> purpose4 ,! speciali/s c>ry only ! weapons ( _! specialty & h _! loads light5$4 ,! ord9>y riflem5 c>ry ! usual packs & equipm5t4 ,(fic]s no long] lead ! assault1 b direct x4 ,!y are equipp$ ) ! rifle & bayonet1 ! same z ! enli/$ man4 ,ea* unit ( ! fir/ wave ( ! attack is giv5 a def9ite objective4 ,diff]5t waves mu/ n break ^u ! fir/ wave4 ,fire is op5$ by ! assault+ troops only at %ort ranges1 ! advance be+ protect$ by a curta9 ( artill]y fire4 ,! advanc+ l9e makes use ( %ell holes & all o!r available cov]4 ,:5 ! fir/ section rea*es its objective x is jo9$ by ! half section ( riflem52 x imm$iately organizes ! captur$ gr\nd4 ,attack+ ,f ,tr5*es4--,! comm&]s ( brigades & battalions1 ) ! comm&] ( ! artill]y detail$ to support !m1 /udy on ! gr\nd ! artill]y plan s f> z x affects !m4 ,imm$iately aft] ! advance ( ! infantry beg9s1 ! artill]y support+ x comm5ces an int5se bomb>dm5t ) ! object ( =c+ ! enemy to take cov]4 ,at ! mom5t laid d[n 9 ! table ( artill]y fire ! b>rage lifts cle> ( ! tr5* & ! infantry ru% 9 & capture x4 ,! infantry mu/ be taught t _! success dep5ds ^u _! gett+ )9 #ge y>ds ( ! b>rage be=e x lifts1 9 ord] t !y may rea* ! tr5*es be=e ! enemy c man !m4 ,! secret ( a successful assault is exact syn*ronization ( ! movem5ts ( ! infantry ) ^? ( ! b>rage4 ,! pace ( a b>rage dep5ds1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 on ! pace ( ! infantry1 :i* v>ies ) ! condition ( ! gr\nd1 ! l5g? ( ! advance1 ! numb] ( enemy tr5*es to be cross$1 etc4 ,x may be f #ae to #ge y>ds p] m9ute4 ,! pace ( ! b>rage %\ld be quick] at fir/1 & %\ld gradually sl[ d[n z ! m5 become exhau/$1 9 ord] to give !m "t to get close to ! b>rage & pull !mselves toge!r = ! f9al ru%4 ,9 an attack ea* unit mu/ h suffici5t driv+ p[] 9 itself to c>ry x ?r\gh to its objective & enable x to hold its gr\nd :5 x gets !re4 ,:5 a numb] ( tr5*es h to be c>ri$1 consid]able dep? w be requir$1 & ! frontage mu/ be r$uc$4 ,a brigade usually has a front 9 attack ( #bej to #cej y>ds1 b ?is may be increas$ to #a1jjj or #a1bjj y>ds4 ,a battalion %\ld h a front ( #bej to #cej y>ds4 ,! battalion mu/ be organiz$ 9 dep? 9 a s]ies ( waves4 ,two companies are usually put abrea/ 9 ! fir/ l9e & ! o!rs 9 ! second l9e4 ,ea* company 9 bo? l9es attacks 9 column ( platoons at ab\t #ej y>ds' di/ance1 ) int]vals ( ?ree to five paces betwe5 m51 s !re w\ld be eight l9es ( waves1 ( two platoons ea*4 ,! #h? & #af? platoons1 ! two 9 re> =m+ ! eigh? wave1 are usually n employ$ 9 ! attack1 b are left beh9d z a nucleus to =m on 9 case ( heavy casualties4 ,! front l9e mu/ n be less ?an #bjj y>ds f ! enemy's front l9e4 ,! lead+ two or ?ree waves are likely to meet ma*9e gun fire1 & g5]ally move 9 ext5d$ ord]4 ,n m ?an two waves c be accommodat$ 9 "o tr5*4 ,subsequ5t waves w move 9 l9e or 9 l9e ( section columns 9 s+le file4 ,russian saps mu/ be run out z f> z possible across ,no ,man's ,l& to be op5$ up imm$iately aft] ! assault1 z approa* tr5*es4 ,ladd]s or /eps are necess>y to assi/ ! lead+ waves 9 leav+ ! tr5*es1 z !y mu/ move 9 l9es4 ,provision mu/ be made = bridges ov] ! fir/ l9e tr5*es = ! re> waves4 ,9 ! orig9al assault l9e w be m suitable = bo? lead+ & re> waves4 ,9 lat] /ages x is bett] = ! re> waves to move 9 small & h&y columns4 ,9 ! orig9al assault ! di/ance betwe5 waves may be #ge to #ajj y>ds2 9 lat] /ages !y may foll[ ea* o!r at #ej y>ds4 ,9 ! orig9al assault1 z]o1 or ! "t = ! assault to beg91 may be fix$ = ! mom5t at :i* our b>rage lifts f ! enemy front tr5*1 ! infantry tim+ _! advance s z to be close "u our b>rage be=e x lifts4 ,9 ! lat] /ages z]o mu/ be ! mom5t at :i* our b>rage comm5ces1 & ?is comm5cem5t w be ! signal = ! infantry to leave _! tr5*es4 ,ea* wave is assign$ its own objective4 ,all wat*es mu/ be syn*roniz$ 9 ord] t all units may />t (f at ! appo9t$ "t4 ,! fir/ wave is compos$ ( bomb]s & rifle gr5ade m51 & attacks ! enemy's fir/ l9e ( tr5*es4 ,x mu/ g /raight ?r\gh to its objective1 foll[+ ! artill]y b>rage z closely z possible4 ,! second & ?ird waves1 compos$ ( riflem5 ) bayonets & ,lewis guns1 re-en=ce ! fir/ wave aft] ! latt] has occupi$ ! enemy's fir/ l9e tr5*1 & attack ! second l9e tr5*4 ,! f\r? wave takes up tools1 ammunition & s& bags & assi/s 9 consolidat+ ! l9e4 ,! fif? wave is a mopp+-up p>ty to cle> ! enemy's dug\ts4 ,! six? wave comprises battalion headqu>t]s & has two ,lewis guns1 kept = a special purpose4 ,! sev5? & eigh? waves1 if us$1 seize & consolidate ! enemy's ?ird l9e tr5*4 ,bomb+ squads 7#a non-commission$ (fic] & #h m57 are on ! flank ( ea* attack+ wave4 ,battalion bomb]s are assign$ a special task4 ,all movem5ts mu/ be ov] ! top ( ! gr\nd4 ,! pace ?r\gh\t %\ld be a /eady walk1 except = ! la/ #cj or #dj y>ds1 :5 ! l9e %\ld break into a /eady d\ble "t1 f9i%+ up ! la/ #aj y>ds ) a ru%4 ,b>rage is cont9u$ #bj or #cj m9utes aft] ! objective has be5 rea*$4 ,mopp+ p>ties mu/ be tra9$ ) great c>e "u select$ (fic]s4 ,!y %\ld always we> a di/+ui%+ m>k4 ,!y mu/ at once dispose ( any occupants :o may h em]g$ f _! dug\ts1 & picket ! dug\t entrances4 ,! ultimate unit 9 ! assault is ! platoon4 ,x mu/ be organiz$ & tra9$ z a self-conta9$ unit1 capable ( produc+ ! requir$ proportion ( riflem51 bomb]s1 rifle bomb]s1 ,lewis gunn]s1 & c>ri]s1 all tra9$ to "w 9 comb9ation4 ,assault+ troops %\ld h twelve h\rs ( daylight 9 ! tr5*es be=e ! assault beg9s1 to enable !m to get acqua9t$ ) ! gr\nd & get "s re/4 ,all ranks mu/ be giv5 a hot meal1 includ+ hot tea or c(fee1 be=e ! assault4 ,take e precaution to prev5t ! enemy f realiz+ t ! assault is ab\t to take place4 ,bayonets mu/ n be all[$ to %[4 ,no increase 9 rate ( artill]y fire4 ,no unusual movem5ts mu/ be made 9 ! tr5*es1 & !re mu/ be no indication ( ! imp5d+ assault until ! b>rage is dropp$4 ,:5 ! tr5* has be5 tak51 x %\ld be consolidat$ at once to prev5t c\nt]attack4 ,to protect ?is consolidation1 ?r[ out an outpo/ l9e1 ! po/s consi/+ ( "o non-commission$ (fic] & #f riflem5 ) a ,lewis gun1 ab\t #aej to #bjj y>ds ap>t & #ajj to #cjj y>ds beyond ! l9e4 ,^! po/s %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 %ellholes1 :i* are to be conv]t$ into fire tr5*es1 protect$ by wire entanglem5ts1 z soon z possible4 ,approa* tr5*es t[>d ! enemy %\ld be blockad$ & h& & rifle gr5adi]s po/$ to gu>d !m4 ,! ma9 captur$ tr5* %\ld be conv]t$ at once into a fire tr5* fac+ ! enemy4 ,if x is badly knock$ to pieces1 a new tr5* may be con/ruct$ #dj or #ej y>ds 9 front ( ! captur$ l9e4 ,! comm&] mu/ reorganize 9 dep? to provide supports & res]ves = c\nt]attacks4 ,situation reports %\ld be s5t back frequ5tly4 ,r\gh sket*es are bett] ?an messages4 ,tanks foll[ infantry z closely z possible to deal ) /rong po9ts4 ,!y are employ$ 9 sections ( f\r4 ,ma*9e guns may be us$ to provide cov]+ fire = attack+ infantry1 cov] its )drawal if ! attack fails1 fill gaps 9 ! assault+ l9es1 assi/ 9 ! consolidation ( positions & repel c\nt]attacks4 ,lewis guns are ( great value 9 knock+ out ho/ile ma*9e guns4 ,!y usually move on ! flanks ( ! second wave ( assault4 ,lat] !y are us$ to back up patrols & to hold ! outpo/ l9e :ile ! g>rison l9e is be+ consolidat$4 ,z soon z consolidation beg9s1 wire entanglem5ts %\ld be con/ruct$4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to secure ! objective aga9/ recapture4 ,any m5 available %\ld be us$ to cont9ue ! (f5sive4 ,all comm&]s d[n to & includ+ company comm&]s mu/ keep "s portion ( _! comm& z a res]ve4 ,! company comm&] ne$s 8 res]ve to "w ar\nd po9ts :i* are hold+ aga9/ ! lead+ l9es1 to protect 8 flanks 9 case ! companies on 8 "r & left are delay$ 9 _! advance & to exploit 8 success & ga9 gr\nd to ! front4 ,he mu/ keep x well 9 h& beh9d ! company4 ,battalion res]ves mu/ />t ) ! assault+ column & get across ,no ,man's ,l& z soon z possible2 !y mu/ n get out ( h&4 ,su* a res]ve is usually *eck$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! enemy's front l9e tr5*1 :]e x c be ?r[n 9 to assi/ ! advance or ext5d a flank z ne$$4 ,! brigade res]ve is kept well 9 h& j cle> ( ! fri5dly front l9e & support tr5*es4 ,res]ves ( companies & battalions mu/ />t mov+ ov] ! top ( ! gr\nd ) ! re/ ( ! assault+ troops4 ,def5se ,( ,tr5*es4--,! late/ me?ods consi/ 9 con/ruct+1 support+ & /rong po9ts at ! mo/ favorable po9ts to be held1 su* z villages1 woods1 etc4 ,^! are sep>at$ by int]vals n too great = mutual support4 ,!y are ( su* resi/+ p[] t !y mu/ be tak5 be=e ! attack c progress4 ,9 ! int]vals betwe5 !m fire & communicat+ tr5*es are con/ruct$1 b ^! are only held lightly4 ,dummy tr5*es may be plac$ 9 ^! int]vals4 ,l9es ( ! v>i\s works are s trac$ t !y br+ enfilad+ fire on troops attack+ adjac5t positions4 ,! l9es ne$ n be cont9u\sly occupi$1 b ! ob/acles ext5d 9 an unbrok5 l9e along ! :ole front4 ,wire entanglem5ts are set 9 front ( important positions 9 belts #bj feet wide1 9 two or ?ree r[s1 ea* #bj y>ds ap>t4 ,ea* support+ po9t usually is occupi$ by a battalion1 & consi/s ( a s]ies ( tr5*es =m$ into /rong po9ts1 ea* held by a g>rison ( "o or m platoons or a company4 ,! support+ po9ts are f #fjj to #hjj y>ds 9 dep? & h a front ( #fjj to #a1jjj y>ds4 ,! fir/ l9e ( /rong po9ts is occupi$ by "o or two companies 9 fir+ & cov] tr5*es1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! battalion occupies ! support & res]ve tr5*es4 ,bomb-pro(s are built along ! cov] tr5*es & are connect$ ) ! fir+ tr5*es4 ,approa* tr5*es are protect$ on bo? flanks by wire entanglem5ts4 ,/rong po9ts 9 support & res]ve tr5*es are prep>$ = an all-ar\nd def5se & divid$ into two or m sep>ate /rong po9ts by wire entanglem5ts4 ,a body ( infantry attack$ is to oppose to ! assailant its high p[]$ weapons1 ma*9e guns1 automatic rifles1 rifle gr5ades & h& gr5ades & to res]ve = ! c\nt] attack ! gr5adi]s & riflem54 ,!re is always "o l9e ^u :i* ! resi/ance mu/ be made ) ! greate/ en]gy2 = its def5se ! foll[+ me?ods h be5 f\nd successful4 ,ma*9e guns %\ld be plac$ :]e !y c secure ! be/ flank+ fire1 & e "o put out ( action %\ld imm$iately be replac$ by an automatic rifle4 ,if ma*9e gun b>rage fire is to play its role successfully at ! mom5t ( assault1 ! guns mu/ survive ! bomb>dm5t4 ,_! protection is secur$ by plac+ !m "u %elt] dur+ ! bomb>dm5t & mak+ _! emplacem5ts z ne>ly invisible z possible4 ,!y %\ld be e*elon$ 9 dep? z f> z practicable4 ,!y are g5]ally plac$ 9 re-entrants ( ! fir+ tr5*es & cov] ! int]vals betwe5 ! adjo9+ support+ & /rong po9ts4 ,:]e ! gr\nd w p]mit !y are (t5 plac$ 9 conceal$ positions #bj to #cj y>ds 9 front ( ! tr5*es1 to break up attacks made by ho/ile infantry4 ,n too _m %\ld be plac$ 9 ! front l9e1 & !y %\ld be e*elon$ 9 dep? s z to confuse _! disposition4 ,! value ( ma*9e guns dep5ds on ! possibility ( us+ !m sudd5ly = brief p]iods1 & 9 us+ !m z long z !y are effective4 ,ma*9e guns dispos$ = flank+ fire mu/ be well cov]$ by gr5adi]s2 ?is is also true ( automatic rifles4 ,automatic rifles1 rifle gr5ades & h& gr5ades are us$ to con/itute a b>rage to keep back ! enemy4 ,! entire front %\ld be def5d$ by a b>rage ( h& gr5ades1 :ile ! b>rage ( automatic rifles & rifle gr5ades is sup]pos$ f>!r to ! front1 up to #djj y>ds4 ,all riflem5 & ^? gr5adi]s n employ$ 9 =m+ b>rages are res]v$ to make a c\nt]attack4 ,companies on ! second l9e op]ate on simil> pr9ciples2 ma*9e guns1 automatic rifles & rifle gr5ades are arrang$ s z to cov] e portion ( ! fir/ l9e t might be invad$4 ,aft] a %ort prep>ation by fire f ^!1 ! gr5adi]s & riflem5 make ! c\nt]attack4 ,! capta9s 9 *>ge ( ! two l9es are responsible = ! arrangem5t ( ! ma*9e guns1 automatic rifles & rifle gr5ades1 ! di/ribution ( b>rages & ! di/ribution ( gr\ps = ! c\nt]attack4 ,! real /r5g? ( ! def5se consi/s1 n 9 hold+ ! fire & cov] tr5*es1 nor ev5 ! support tr5*es1 b 9 hold+ ! support+ & /rong po9ts until ! c\nt]attack c be laun*$4 ,liaison4--,! "q ( liaison 9 battle is ( ! utmo/ importance1 & complete co-ord9ation ( ! diff]5t arms is absolutely necess>y4 ,ea* battalion s5ds an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] & a cycli/ to ! colonel1 & ea* colonel s5ds a soldi] to ! battalion comm&]4 ,! pr9cipal means ( communication are ! telephone1 telegraph1 wireless1 a]oplane1 m\nt$ mess5g]s1 autos & motorcycles2 & at ! front runn]s1 visual signals1 rockets & c>ri] pigeons4 ,ea* battalion comm&] is connect$ by telephone ) ea* company comm&]1 ) ! artill]y obs]v]s1 ) ! artill]y comm&]1 ) 8 own colonel & ) ! adjac5t battalions on ei!r side4 ,! signall]s ( assault+ companies move ) ! company comm&]4 ,all signall]s %\ld be giv5 a special tra9+ 9 repeat+ a message sev]al times to a kn[n back /ation :i* may n be able to reply =w>d4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! assault ! pigeons & pigeon c>ri]s mu/ be kept back at battalion headqu>t]s1 & s5t =w>d z soon z ! position has be5 ga9$4 ,runn]s c be reli$ ^u :5 all o!r means fail4 ,!y mu/ be tra9$ ) _! companies4 ,runn]s %\ld be lightly equipp$ & we> a di/9ctive m>k4 ,!y mu/ be famili> ) all ! pr9cipal r\tes to all ! pr9cipal c5t]s )9 _! battalion sector4 ,! quick] !y g ! saf] !y are4 ,company & platoon runn]s mu/ g =w>d ) _! respective comm&]s4 ,messages to be c>ri$ long di/ances w be relay$4 ,nev] s5d a v]bal message by a runn]2 ignore any receiv$2 all messages mu/ be writt54 ,company & battalion comm&]s mu/ be prep>$ to assi/ artill]y liaison (fic]s 9 gett+ _! messages back4 ,liaison (fic]s mu/ be ex*ang$ by all ! assault+ battalions ) ! battalion on ei!r flank4 ,tr5* ,ord]s4--7,battalion73 ,tr5*es are usually divid$ into a c]ta9 numb] ( bays2 ! numb] ( m5 to def5d ^! bays dep5ds ^u ! l5g? ( tr5* allott$ to ea* company4 ,ea* section is detail$ to gu>d a c]ta9 numb] ( bays4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 mu/ always we> _! equipm5t by day & night4 ,e company w ,/& ,to arms daily "o-half h\r be=e dusk & "o-half h\r be=e dawn1 & w rema9 until dismiss$ by ! company comm&]4 ,! enemy's tr5*es are s close t x is v important = ! m5 to h _! rifle sights always at battle sight1 s t !re w be no necessity to alt] _! sights 9 case ( al>m4 ,by night all bayonets are to be fix$ & half ( ! m5 on duty 9 ! tr5*es are to be sitt+ on ! fir+ plat=m ) _! rifles by _! side4 ,9 case ( attack1 especially at night1 x %\ld be impress$ ^u ! m5 t !y fire l[4 ,section comm&]s are responsible t ! m5 "u _! comm& h suffici5t /&+ room = ! purpose ( fir+ ov] ! p>apet4 ,!y mu/ h a cle> field ( fire1 & n only be able to see ! enemy tr5*es b ! gr\nd 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( _! tr5*4 ,:5 mak+ new tr5*es p>apets %\ld be at lea/ five feet ?ick at ! top 9 ord] to be bullet pro(4 ,repairs or alt]ations ( ! p>apet %\ld be report$ at once by ! section comm&] to ! platoon comm&]1 :o w report x to sup]ior au?ority4 ,repair+ ( tr5*es1 fatigue1 etc41 w be c>ri$ on ei!r by day or night accord+ to company arrangem5t4 ,c]ta9 h\rs w be allott$ = ^! tasks & no man is to be employ$ ^u any k9d ( "w out ( ^! h\rs4 ,no man %\ld leave 8 po/ 9 ! tr5*es at any "t )\t ! p]mission ( ! non-commission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( t po/4 ,at night !re %\ld be at lea/ "o s5try po/ to ea* t5 y>ds ( p>apet4 ,at night1 d\ble s5tries %\ld be po/$ if possible1 & no s5try %\ld be kept on duty = long] ?an an h\r at a "t4 ,! arrangem5t %\ld be su* t :5 "o s5try is do+ 8 la/ half h\r1 8 comrade w be do+ 8 fir/ half h\r4 ,s5tries at night %\ld always h _! rifles re/+ on ! p>apet1 ready to fire at a mom5t's notice4 ,z few s5tries z possible %\ld be po/$ by day1 s z to give z mu* re/ z possible to ! rema9d] ( ! m54 ,by day any exi/+ loop-holes may be us$ by a s5try = obs]vation purposes1 b ?is mu/ be /rictly prohibit$ at night1 :5 ! s5try mu/ look ov] ! p>apet4 ,if a s5try is cont9ually fir$ at1 ! section comm&] w po/ him 9 ano!r position1 b n too f> f 8 orig9al position4 ,!re is no excuse = a man go+ to sleep on s5try duty2 if he is sick he %\ld report ! fact to ! non-commission$ (fic]1 :o w report to sup]ior au?ority4 ,an arm$ p>ty ( ! enemy approa*+ ! tr5* "u a flag ( truce %\ld be halt$ at a di/ance1 ord]$ to lay d[n _! arms1 & ! matt] at once report$ to ! company comm&]4 ,if ! p>ty fails to halt :5 ord]$ to d s1 or does n convey a flag ( truce1 !y %\ld be fir$ ^u4 ,an un>m$ p>ty %\ld be halt$ 9 ! same way4 ,x is n necess>y to *all5ge at night2 op5 fire at once4 ,?is is modifi$ only by special in/ructions4 ,m5 especially pick$ = li/5+ patrols & %>p-%oot]s w be giv5 special privileges4 ,all l\d talk+ mu/ be *eck$ at night by (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s4 ,all work+ p>ties mu/ we> _! equipm5t & c>ry _! rifles4 ,all picks & %ovels w be return$ aft] use to ! company /ore room4 ,ration p>ties & p>ties c>ry+ mat]ials = repairs1 etc41 ne$ n we> _! equipm5t or c>ry rifles2 !y %\ld be accompani$ by a fully arm$ non-commission$ (fic] z an escort4 ,n m ?an #bj m5 are to be away f ! company at "o "t2 "o non-commission$ (fic] & f\r m5 p] platoon4 ,rifles mu/ be kept clean & 9 good condition :ile 9 ! tr5*es4 ,!y w be clean$ e morn+ dur+ an h\r appo9t$ by ! company comm&] = ! purpose4 ,platoon comm&]s w be responsible t section comm&]s sup]9t5d ?is "w4 ,all rifles except ^? us$ by s5tries are to be kept 9 racks dur+ ! day4 ,tr5*es mu/ be kept 9 sanit>y condition4 ,platoon comm&]s w be responsible = ! latr9es 9 _! sections ( ! tr5*es4 ,all wat] = dr9k+ & cook+ is to be tak5 f a wat] c>t or tank provid$ = ?is purpose4 ,/ret*] be>]s w be /ation$ at a place designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,no soldi] w be buri$ ne>] ?an #cjj y>ds f ! tr5*es4 ,9 e platoon a non-commission$ (fic] w be detail$ = duty by day2 he w d no night duty4 ,he w po/ ! day s5tries & see t !y are on ! al]t & c>ry out _! ord]s correctly4 ,he w be responsible = ! cleanl9ess ( 8 l9es & w frequ5tly visit ! latr9es4 ,he w see t all loose ammunition is collect$4 ,! platoon comm&] w always s5d a non-commission$ (fic] to draw rations & he w be responsible = _! deliv]y4 ,! pass+ along ( messages by ^w ( m\? w n be us$4 ,all messages %\ld be writt54 ,special in/ructions w be issu$ z to precautions aga9/ gas4 ,selection ( ,site4 7a7 ,fire tr5* %\ld be select$ ) due reg>d to tactical requirem5ts & ! economy ( m54 7b7 ,e fire tr5* %\ld h a good field ( fire1 at lea/ #bej y>ds4 7c7 ,! tr5*es %\ld h ! be/ possible cov]4 7d7 ,! =w>d position on a slope = ! fir/ l9e has ! be/ advantage4 ,! support tr5* %\ld be on ! rev]se slope f #ajj to #fjj y>ds 9 re> ( ! fir/ l9e to prev5t direct obs]vation & to be practically free f artill]y fire4 ,! res]ve tr5* is usually f #a_/b to #a mile 9 re> ( ! fir/ l9e4 ,rememb] t ! fir/ l9e1 ! support l9e1 & ! res]ve l9e are all fire tr5*es4 ,d n put !m on a cre/4 7e7 ,! communicat+ tr5*es 7boyaux7 %\ld be zigzagg$1 wide & deep1 & %\ld foll[ ! l[ gr\nd4 ,! longe/ /raight tr5* %\ld n exce$ ?irty paces4 ,! angle made by ea* turn %\ld be less ?an #adj degrees4 7f7 ,! fire tr5*es %\ld h sali5ts & re-entrants s z to flank ! wire entanglem5ts4 ,! bays are usually #bg feet long ) #i feet ( trav]se4 7g7 ,!re are two problems 9 ! sit+ ( tr5*es1 "o = ^? to be con/ruct$ "u fire & ano!r = ^? t w be con/ruct$ )\t any dang] f fire4 ,tr5*es built "u fire are usually made by connect+ up individual %elt]s made by ! front l9e :5 =c$ to halt4 ,tr5*es built "u quiet conditions c be laid out accord+ to ! be/ possible plan4 ,tr5* ,con/ruction4 ,sev]al k9ds ( difficulties face ! tr5* digg]3 ,s&1 clay1 wat] & bullets4 ,9 ord] to ov]come !m he mu/ be famili> ) ! g5]al arrangem5t ( a tr5*1 ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n its con/ruction & ! /&>d tr5* z x has be5 work$ out 9 ! pres5t w> at ! co/ ( ?\s&s ( lives4 ,g5]al ,arrangem5t4--,a position is a comb9ation ( tr5*es1 consi/+ (3 ,! fire tr5*1 or fir/ l9e1 ne>e/ ! enemy2 ! cov] tr5*1 j beh9d ! fir/ l9e1 :]e all b s5t9els ( ! fire tr5* g>rison are held 9 dug\ts or %elt]s2 ! support tr5*1 f #aej to #bjj y>ds 9 re> ( ! cov] tr5*1 & ! res]ve1 f #hjj to #a1bjj y>ds /ill fur!r to ! re>4 ,! support tr5* is plac$ f> en\gh f ! fir/ l9e to prev5t ! enemy f %ell+ bo? tr5*es at once4 ,by a conc5tration ( artill]y fire & a det]m9$ advance ( ! ho/ile infantry ! fir/ l9e may be captur$4 ,! support tr5* mu/ be s organiz$ t x w !n act z a l9e ( resi/ance ^u :i* ! enemy's advance w break4 ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,azan ( ! ,fr5* army says3 ,z long z ! support tr5*es are /rongly held1 ! position is n 9 ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #af ,! res]ve is usually a /rong po9t1 s organiz$ t x c ma9ta9 indep5d5t resi/ance = sev]al days if necess>y1 %\ld ! enemy obta9 control ( adjac5t areas4 ,:]e possible tr5*es %\ld be on rev]se slopes1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ l9e2 b usually ! outl9e ( a tr5* is det]m9$ 9 actual combat1 or is a "p ( ho/ile tr5* conv]t$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x _c be arrang$ accord+ to tactical ideals4 ,artill]y & ! automatic gun are ! det]m9+ factors 9 tr5* w>f>e to-day4 ,! effect ( artill]y fire mu/ be limit$ 9 its area z f> z possible1 & tr5*es are1 !re=e1 cut by trav]ses1 :i* are squ>e blocks ( e>? n less ?an n9e feet squ>e1 left e #bg feet along ! tr5*4 ,!y %\ld ov]lap ! wid? ( ! tr5* by at lea/ "o y>d1 !reby limit+ ! effect ( %ell bur/ to a s+le bay1 ! #bg-;foot l5g? ( fir+ tr5* betwe5 two trav]ses4 ,%>p angles h ! same effect z trav]ses1 b angles ( m ?an #abj degrees _c be utiliz$ 9 ?is way4 ,! sides ( ! tr5* are kept z ne>ly p]p5dicul> z possible1 to give ! maximum protection f %ell bur/ & ! fall ( high angle projectiles4 ,! p>ados1 ! bank ( e>? to ! re> ( ! tr5*1 has be5 develop$ dur+ ! w> to give protection f fly+ fragm5ts ( %ells explod+ to ! re>1 & to prev5t ! figure ( a s5t9el f be+ outl9$ ?r\gh a loop-hole aga9/ ! sky4 ,! b]m1 a l$ge or %elf left betwe5 ! side ( ! tr5* & ! beg9n+ ( ! p>ados1 has come into g5]al use 9 ord] to take ! weight ( ! p>ados (f ! e>? at ! imm$iate edge ( ! tr5*1 & s prev5t ! rev]se slope f cav+ 9 easily "u bomb>dm5t or heavy ra94 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #af;,a ,automatic guns h made x necess>y to break ! l9e ( ! tr5* at e opportunity1 9 ord] to secure a flank+ fire = ^! arms4 ,auto-rifles & ma*9e guns h trem5d\s effectiv5ess only 9 dep?1 & flank+ fire gives !m _! greate/ opportunity4 ,tr5* ,con/ruction4--,! me?ods ( build+ tr5*es are ! same :e!r ! "w is c>ri$ on "u fire or n4 ,9 an attack1 ^u rea*+ ! limit ( advance1 ! m5 imm$iately dig !mselves 91 & lat] connect ^! individual holes to make a cont9u\s l9e ( tr5*4 ,mo/ ( ! digg+ mu/ be done at night1 & mu/ be organiz$ to obta9 ! mo/ "w ) ! lea/ confusion4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( increas+ ! effici5cy ( ! m54 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 squad %ifts1 ! squad lead] divides 8 m5 into reliefs & gives ea* man a limit$ p]iod ( int5sive "w4 ,reliefs may be made by squads or by individuals4 ,! second way ( increas+ effici5cy is to induce competition among ! man & squads1 ?us mak+ ! "w a game 9 :i* ea* soldi]'s int]e/ w be ar\s$ 9 ! ef=t to d bett] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! ?ird me?od is to assign a fix$ am\nt ( "w to ea* man4 ,an av]age task1 :i* all ought to accompli% 9 a giv5 "t1 is f\nd by exp]i5ce1 & ^? :o f9i% be=e _! "t is up are reliev$ f fur!r "w dur+ t %ift1 & all[$ to return to _! %elt]s4 ,cont9ual c>e mu/ be us$ to *eck up ! tools on h&1 z ! m5 are prone to leave !m :]e !y 7 work+ r ?an c>ry !m back & =? to "w4 ,ea* unit mu/ gu>d its prop]ty f appropriation by neighbors on its flanks4 ,sy/em ( ,lay+ ,out ,tr5*es4--,! trace ( ! tr5* is fir/ /ak$ out1 p>ticul>ly at trav]ses & corn]s :5 ! "w is to be done at night4 ,measurem5ts %\ld be exact1 & ! m5 %\ld be requir$ to l9e ! limits ( ea* tr5* s z n to exce$ !m 9 digg+4 ,all sod %\ld be tak5 up c>efully & us$ on ! p>apet = concealm5t or on ! b]m to make a squ>e back wall = ! dirt ( ! p>apet4 ,if possible ?is %\ld be done ) ! p>ados wall1 s z to make x z inconspicu\s z possible f ! front4 ,m5 %\ld beg9 to dig at ! c5t] ( ! tr5* & ?r[ ! dirt z f> out on ! sides z possible1 s t z !y g deep] ! e>? c be ?r[n j ov] ! b]m4 ,! slope ( ! sides w be kept /eep & ! m5 prev5t$ f wid5+ ! tr5* z !y dig4 ,9 s&y soil ! sides ( ! tr5* %\ld be all[$ to rea* _! angle ( repose 7:i* is wid] at ! top ?an requir$71 !n ! tr5* walls support$ ) revettm5ts to ! prop] wid?1 :i* are fill$ 9 beh9d ) s&4 ,always dig to full dep? be=e beg9n+ to revet1 z x is impossible to dig deep] aft]w>ds )\t loos5+ ! revett+4 ,revettm5ts4--,e tr5* at po9ts ne$s support1 & ?is revett+ may be done ) any ( ! foll[+ mat]ials3 ,sod2 corduroy ( logs laid l5g?wise2 s& bags 7size #bj 94 x #aj 94 x #e 9472 galvaniz$ iron2 *ick5 wire & clo? made 9 a frame ab\t six feet long2 hurdles1 wick] mats made by driv+ ?ree-in* /akes into ! gr\nd1 leav+ uprights z high above ! gr\nd z ! dep? ( ! tr5*1 !n weav+ )es & sl5d] sapl+s betwe5 ! uprights2 exp&$ metal2 gabions1 cyl9drical baskets made l hurdles except t ! /akes are driv5 9 a circle2 fasc9es1 bundles ( faggots ab\t #aj in*es 9 diamet] by #i feet long4 ,! faggots are laid toge!r on a horse or betwe5 /akes driv5 9 ! gr\nd1 !n *ok$1 or b\nd tightly toge!r1 by a rope #c feet #h in*es long ) loops at ea* end1 tight5$ ) two /iff lev]s4 ,! bundle is !n b\nd ) wire at int]vals ( two feet4 ,! circumf]5ce ( a fasc9e %\ld be #be in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ag ,capt4 ,p[ell ( ! ,c4,e4,f4 f\nd dur+ #ah mon?s' s]vice 9 ! tr5*es1 t a sep>ate con/ruction = ! bottom & fir+ /ep f t ( ! p>apet made repair mu* simpl] :5 ! tr5* 0 damag$ by %ell fire4 ,! upp] "p ( ! tr5* usually suff]s mo/1 :ile ! bottom section1 if unatta*$1 (t5 rema9s intact & ! dra9age sy/em ne$s only to be cle>$ out4 ,if ! portion above ! fir+ /ep is "o piece ) t bel[1 h[ev]1 ! :ole tr5* has to be recon/ruct$4 ,!re is no?+ m important ?an ! supports us$ to keep revett+ 9 place4 ,) sods1 s& bags1 concrete & gabions1 a prop] arrangem5t 9 ! fir/ place w make o!r support unnecess>y4 ,sod %\ld be plac$ c>efully1 ) a slope ( n m ?an "o in* on f\r1 ) ! vegetation upp]mo/4 ,?is type is lea/ affect$ by ra94 ,s& ,bags %\ld be us$ l brickwork1 laid 9 alt]nate head]s 7b9d]s7 & /ret*]s4 ,_! use %\ld be conf9$ z f> z possible to em]g5cy & repair "w1 because aft] a few weeks ! bags rot & _c be mov$ ab\t4 ,if ! tr5* wall has be5 demoli%$ by artill]y fire1 ! p>ticles ( clo? make digg+ out ! bottom ( ! tr5* a v difficult matt]4 ,concrete ,"w has be5 us$ ext5sively by ! ,g]mans1 b ! *ips fly l bullets "u %ell explosion1 & ! concrete cracks & dis9tegrates 9 sev]e wea!r4 ,x is us$ 9 ! bottom ( tr5*es = dra9age & = ! fir+ /ep4 ,gabions may be set into ! wall ( ! tr5* & fill$ ) e>?1 or us$ at corn]s to prev5t ! we>+ d[n ( ! edge1 :i* r$uces ! protective effect ( ! tr5*4 ,set 9 at a slight angle !y w hold ! side )\t fur!r re-en=cem5t4 ,) ! o!r =ms ( revett+ "s second>y support is requir$4 ,?is is usually furni%$ by s9k+ /akes into ! bottom ( ! tr5* & secur+ _! upp] ends to a dead man--a /ake or log sunk 9 ! gr\nd m ?an ?ree feet away4 ,! t5d5cy is to s9k ! dead m5 too ne> to ! tr5*1 & to atta* too _m wires to "o ( !m4 ,x is important to s9k ! /akes at lea/ "o foot bel[ ! bottom ( ! tr5*4 ,by digg+ holes = !m in/ead ( driv+ !m 9 directly1 ! sides ( ! tr5* ne$ n be di/urb$ by ! concussion ( driv+ ! /akes4 ,?is is especially important 9 s&y soils4 ,/akes %\ld be plac$ ab\t two feet ap>t4 ,dead m5 %\ld be buri$ deeply en\gh to prev5t cutt+ by %ell explosions4 ,tr5* ,armam5t4--,a few ma*9e guns are set 9 conceal$ emplacem5ts along ! tr5* to cov] important sali5ts4 ,! automatic rifle is us$ ov] ! p>apet4 ,besides ^! !re is ! rifle gr5ade & tr5* mort>4 ,! rifle gr5ade has a simple emplacem5t4 ,aft] secur+ ! prop] elevation1 ! butt ( ! rifle is plac$ betwe5 po/s or blocks ( wood & ! muzzle re/$ aga9/ a log on ! wall ( ! tr5*4 ,a tr5* mort> emplacem5t is dug 9 ! re> wall ( ! tr5*1 or a %ell hole is utiliz$1 c>e be+ tak5 to conceal x f a]ial obs]vation4 ,loopholes4--,loopholes are /ill mu* 9 use = obs]vation1 b !y are employ$ less & less = fir+1 z !y are difficult to conceal f ! enemy & almo/ useless :5 ! enemy is close4 ,!y %\ld cut ! p>apet diagonally1 n directly to ! front1 & %\ld be conceal$ by vegetation & by a curta9 ov] ! op5+ :5 !y are n 9 use4 ,%eet /eel plates ) small peep holes are us$ on ! p>apet4 ,!y are set up ) a slope to ! re> to deflect bullets4 ,tr5* ,bottoms4--,9 clay or h>d soil special arrangem5ts mu/ be made = dra9age4 ,:]e possible ! tr5* %\ld h a convex surface & %\ld be smoo?4 ,a r\gh bottom means delay 9 reliefs1 & possible injuries4 ,:]e tr5*es are us$ = long p]iods bo>d walks %\ld be con/ruct$4 ,"u ^! dra9s or s9k holes c be plac$ to collect wat]4 ,a s9k hole may be con/ruct$ by digg+ a pit fill$ ) small /ones1 or a b>rel may be sunk into ! gr\nd & fill$ ) /one4 ,:]e !re is n suffici5t slope to c>ry (f ! wat]1 or at ! l[e/ po9t ( a dra9age sy/em1 a wat] hole %\ld be dug 9 front ( ! tr5* l>ge en\gh to h&le ! dra9age wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ah ,communication ,tr5* 7or ,boyau74--,runn+ to ! re> & jo9+ ! diff]5t p>allel resi/ance tr5*es are communication tr5*es or boyaux4 ,^! are = transportation ( m5 & mat]ial z well z = communication4 ,communication tr5*es %\ld be made wide en\gh to all[ travel = m5 ) loads1 %\ld be at lea/ sev5 feet deep & z smoo? z possible on ! bottom4 ,r\gh places w delay traffic4 ,!y are dug ) turns e #bj or #cj y>ds to prev5t _! be+ swept by gun fire4 ,:5 boyaux are built by night %>p zig-zag corn]s %\ld be us$1 or ! angles w n be acute & protection w be lo/4 ,dur+ daylight :5 ! directions c be se51 ! con/ruction may be a s]p5t9e curve1 ) no /ret* ( m ?an #cj y>ds visible f "o po9t4 ,boyaux are sometimes us$ = lat]al def5ce & (t5 emplacem5ts = automatic guns are arrang$ to cov] /ret*es ( !m4 ,bomb+ /ations are plac$ ne> by to protect ! guns & to cle> ! boyau ( ! enemy4 ,at ^! po9ts ! boyau is left /raight = a %ort di/ance 9 front4 ,:]e provision is made = lat]al or frontal def5ce by rifle fire1 fir+ /eps are con/ruct$4 ,if ?is is inconv5i5t = movem5t along ! boyau1 individual emplacem5ts mu/ be made 9 ! side wall = fir+4 ,s5try po/s are dug at "r angles to ! boyau4 ,arrangem5ts = passage ( m5 mov+ 9 opposite directions may be made by ext5d+ %ort spurs at ! corn]s1 enl>g+ ! boyau at ! b5ds1 digg+ ni*es or pass+ po9ts "h & !re1 or con/ruct+ isl& trav]ses ) ! boyau runn+ ar\nd on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ai ,e boyau %\ld be m>k$ :]e x meets a tr5* ) a sign indicat+ ! place & tr5*4 ,)\t ?is mess5g]s1 reliefs & re-en=cem5ts may easily be lo/ 9 ! maze ( tr5*es4 ,latr9es %\ld be run out ab\t #bj feet f boyaux at po9ts directly 9 re> ( lat]al tr5*es4 ,if possible !y %\ld be plac$ s t m5 _c ent] !m )\t pass+ ne> ! platoon lead]s4 ,?is w prev5t m5 f leav+ ! front l9e1 "u ! pret5se ( go+ to latr9es1 dur+ bomb>dm5ts or m9+ op]ations4 ,! tr5* lead+ to a latr9e %\ld be con/ruct$ l a boyau1 & ! pit %\ld be close to ! side ne>e/ ! enemy1 to give ! be/ possible protection f %ell fire4 ,!re are ?ree types ( tr5* latr9es3 ,deep boxes :i* are cov]$ & h r\gh seats2 %ort /raddle tr5*es or tr5*es equipp$ ) a s+le horizontal b>1 & portable cans1 us$ :]e ! gr\nd or ! limit$ space make x impossible to dig pits4 ,^! cans %\ld be empti$ daily into holes beh9d ! tr5*es1 :i* are cov]$ aft] ! cans are empti$ into !m4 ,ur9als %\ld be sep>ate f ! latr9es4 ,!y may be ei!r holes ab\t ?ree feet deep fill$ ) /one1 tr\ghs ) a cov]$ pit at ! end1 or portable cans4 ,%elt]s4 ,= ! protection ( m5 n actually on duty ?ree =ms ( %elt]s are us$4 ,! spl9t]-pro( is a =m ( light %elt] ^: cov]+ af=ds protection only aga9/ spl9t]s4 ,^! are usually on ! res]ve l9e4 ,ab\t #ab in*es to #bj in*es ( e>? ov] a ro( ( logs or planks w af=d protection f spl9t]s & %rapnel4 ,curv$ %eets ( iron may also be us$4 ,! deep %elt] or bomb-pro( is a *amb] con/ruct$ by digg+ f ! surface & con/ruct+ a ro(4 ,to protect aga9/ eight-in* %ells ! top ( ! *amb] %\ld be tw5ty feet bel[ ! surface4 ,heavy beams or sections ( railroad iron are laid across ! ro(4 ,above !m is a lay] ( e>? sev]al feet ?ick2 !n ano!r lay] ( timb] ext5d+ to undi/urb$ gr\nd on ! sides ) concrete1 cru%$ /one1 metal1 etc41 above to make a p]cussion surface = explod+ projectiles t p5etrate ! upp] lay] ( e>?4 ,?is lay] fills 9 ! re/ ( ! space to ! level ( ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,no4 #bj4 ,%elt]s %\ld n exce$ six feet 9 wid?1 b c be ( any l5g?4 ,?is w prev5t ! cru%+ 9 ( ! ro( timb] by ! explosion ( a projectile buri$ 9 ! upp] lay] ( e>?4 ,! pr9ciples ( con/ruct+ %elt]s w be consid]$ "u ,dug\ts1 z !y are simil> = ! two types4 ,dug\ts are *amb]s tunnell$ into ! gr\nd ) tw5ty feet or m ( undi/urb$ e>? above !m4 ,!y are us$ 9 ! cov] tr5*es & sometimes 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,en\gh ( !m mu/ be built to %elt] ! g>rison ( ea* sector1 all[+ "o man p] y>d ( front4 ,!y mu/ also be built = ma*9e gun & tr5* mort> deta*m5ts4 ,s5tries mu/ be /ation$ 9 obs]vation po/s :i* comm& ! gr\nd 9 front ( ea* dug\t4 ,!y mu/ be connect$ ) ! dug\ts by telephone or speak+ tube4 ,position4--,dug\ts mu/ always be on ! side ( ! tr5* t[>d ! enemy4 ,?is prev5ts fly+ %ells f fall+ into ! entrances4 ,!y %\ld connect ) lat]al tr5*es1 n ) boyaux1 z m5 at ! entrance ob/ruct traffic ?r\gh ! boyaux4 ,entrances & exits mu/ be well conceal$1 ) n less ?an five feet ( head cov]4 ,?is %\ld be provid$ ) a bur/+ lay]4 ,all dug\ts mu/ h at lea/ two op5+s1 "o on ! opposite side ( ! trav]se or angle f ! o!r4 ,x is well to h an exit beh9d ! p>ados lead+ to a surprise position = a ma*9e gun & bomb]s4 ,all op5+s mu/ h a sill #f in*es to #h in*es high1 to prev5t wat] f ent]+ ! dug\t4 ,gall]ies lead+ to dug\ts %\ld be built at an incl9e ( #de degrees4 ,_! dim5sions %\ld be #b feet #f in*es by #f feet4 ,frames are ( squ>$ timb]4 ,! sill & two side po/s %\ld be n less ?an #f in*es squ>e1 & ! frames 9 ! passageways #b feet #f in*es by #d feet #f in*es4 ,!y mu/ be plac$ at "r angles to ! slope ( ! gall]y1 ) di/ance pieces betwe5 uprights4 ,9 trea*]\s soil ! frames re/ on sills4 ,/eps 9 ! passageway are #a foot broad & #a foot high4 ,bomb-traps1 ext5sions ( ! gall]y ab\t #c feet long1 %\ld be dug beyond ! po9t :]e ! entrance to ! dug\t *amb] leads (f f ! gall]y4 ,^! w cat* bombs ?r[n 9 f ! surface & protect ! *amb] f ! effects ( _! explosion4 ,int]ior4 ,! /&>d section is #f feet by #h feet1 to all[ = bunks on ea* side4 ,frames ( #f by #f timb] spac$ #b feet #f in*es ap>t support ! sides & ro(4 ,ro( plank+ %\ld be #b in*es ?ick1 & ! sides %\ld be cov]$ ) #a-a_/b in* plank or corrugat$ iron4 ,two %ovels & two picks = em]g5cies %\ld always be kept 9 ea* dug\t4 ,! con/ruction ( ! *amb] %\ld be t ( a v /rong box1 s t x w /& /ra91 if necess>y1 f )9 z well z f )\t4 ,depots = ,supplies mu/ be ne> ! headqu>t]s ( ! platoon1 company1 battalion & regim5t4 ,%elt]s may be made ) ammunition boxes set into ! side ( ! tr5*4 ,places %\ld be provid$ = ! foll[+3 ,food1 ammunition = rifles & auto-rifles1 gr5ades1 rockets1 tools & o!r supplies4 ,places mu/ also be arrang$ 9 ! front l9e = ammunition1 rockets & h& & rifle gr5ades4 ,telephones4 ,communication is e/abli%$ z spe$ily z possible ) ! v>i\s units4 ,9 ! =w>d tr5*es wires d n la/ long "u bomb>dm5t & fire left op5 along ! side ( ! tr5*1 :]e quick repairs c be made4 ,all soldi]s mu/ be taught to respect ^! wires & to c>e = !m :5 !y are f\nd "u foot or hang+4 ,conduits are dug = wires to battalion & regim5tal headqu>t]s1 & ^! are fairly safe f %ell fire4 ,dep>ture ,p>allel4 ,9 prep>+ = an advance ^u ! enemy1 a /raight l9e tr5* )\t trav]ses1 & ) /eps at ! end = exit to ! surface1 is built 9 front ( ! fir/ l9e tr5*4 ,?is l9e ( dep>ture is g5]ally br\ght )9 ab\t #bjj y>ds ( ! ho/ile l9e by means ( saps1 %ort tr5*es run out f ! front l9e to ! new p>allel4 ,s9ce ?is l9e ( dep>ture c be se5 by ! enemy1 x is sometimes bett] to con/ruct /eps 9 ! front l9e tr5* itself1 or :5 possible to build a ,russian sap4 ,?is is a tunnel v ne> ! gr\nd1 :i* c be brok5 ?r\gh at a mom5t's notice :5 troops are ready to advance4 ,ma*9e ,gun ,emplacem5ts4--,%ell-holes ) a good field ( fire & emplacem5ts along boyaux are ! be/ location = ma*9e guns4 ,few guns are plac$ 9 ! front l9e1 & ^! only at /rong po9ts 9 ! l9e1 :i* comm& a maximum field ( effectiv5ess4 ,%ell-holes may be imitat$ = ma*9e gun emplacem5ts1 b 9 any case !y %\ld be connect$ by und]gr\nd passage ) ! tr5*es4 ,?us :5 tr5*es are de/roy$ by bomb>dm5t ! ma*9e guns rema9 intact4 ,! field ( fire = ea* ma*9e gun %\ld be c>efully det]m9$ & m>k$ by ?ree /akes1 "o = ! position ( ! gun1 ! o!r two = ! limits ( ! field ( fire4 ,us+ ^! z guides1 ! gun c be fir$ correctly at night4 ,dur+ ! day x is nev] left 9 place nor fir$ f its actual emplacem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ba ,li/5+ ,po/s4--,^! /ations are usually c>ri$ out to ! edge ( ! entanglem5ts ne>e/ ! enemy4 ,! li/5+ /ation mu/ be l>ge en\gh = half a squad1 & (t5 has an automatic rifle & gr5ade ?r[]4 ,!re %\ld be n m ?an two po/s = ea* battalion4 ,!y are n occupi$ dur+ ! day4 ,!y are h>d to def5d & easily captur$ by a raid+ p>ty :i* cuts ! wire to "o ( ! flanks & comes 9 f ! re>4 ,! boyau lead+ to ! po/ %\ld be zig-zagg$4 ,! po/ itself %\ld be deep en\gh = good head cov]4 ,wire ,entanglem5ts4--,! object ( ! entanglem5t is n to /op completely ! advance ( ! enemy1 b to delay him at close range "u ma*9e gun1 auto rifle & rifle fire1 & )9 range ( gr5ades & bombs4 ,entanglem5ts %\ld be conceal$ z mu* z possible f ! enemy's tr5*es & f a]ial obs]vation4 ,if possible1 !y %\ld be plac$ on a rev]se slope or 9 a dead angle4 ,!y %\ld be f #ej to #ajj y>ds 9 front ( ! tr5*1 s t artill]y fire direct$ ^u ! tr5* w n be effective on ! wire4 ,at ! same "t ! wire mu/ n be f> en\gh advanc$ s t ! enemy's raid+ p>ties c cut ! entanglem5ts4 ,wire entanglem5ts are classifi$ z high entanglem5ts1 l[ entanglem5ts & loose wire4 ,high ,entanglem5ts are /rung on metal or wood po/s ab\t f\r feet high1 bo? wire & po/s be+ pa9t$ = cam\flage4 ,! driv+ ( po/s mu/ be muffl$1 & metal screw po/s are us$ :5 ne> ! enemy's l9e4 ,po/s are plac$ 9 two p>allel l9es1 two y>ds ap>t1 spac$ alt]nately s t ! po/s 9 "o l9e are opposite ! middle ( ! int]val 9 ! o!r4 ,trac+ ,entanglem5ts is done by a s]geant foll[$ by two /ake plac]s1 two hold]s & two driv]s1 :o 9 turn are foll[$ by m5 atta*+ wire4 ,two m5 c>ry ea* roll ( wire1 & ea* pair 7!re are twelve pairs 9 all7 /r+s "o wire4 ,a panel betwe5 /akes is compos$ ( f\r /r&s4 ,ea* wire %\ld be wrapp$ ar\nd ea* po/4 ,! same arrangem5t ( panels %\ld run betwe5 ! two l9es ( po/s4 ,! entanglem5ts are 9 ?ree l9es ab\t #bj y>ds ap>t1 ! ne>e/ be+ #bj y>ds f ! front l9e tr5*4 ,! entanglem5t ne>e/ ! enemy %\ld be con/ruct$ fir/1 s t m5 always "w ne>e/ _! own tr5*es4 ,all wire entanglem5ts %\ld be at all po9ts comm&$ by ! flank+ fire ( ma*9e guns4 ,high entanglem5ts 7kn[n z abatis7 may be made by fell+ trees t[>d ! enemy1 & simil> entanglem5ts made ( bru%wood are useful 9 em]g5cy4 ,l[ ,entanglem5ts are =m$ ( pickets two feet high1 #b-a_/b in*es 9 diamet]1 wir$ 9 all directions4 ,vegetation r5d]s ! entanglem5t invisible f ! enemy & f a]ial obs]vation4 ,?is type may also be plac$ 9 %all[ excavations :i* are conceal$ f ! enemy & p>tly protect$ f artill]y fire4 ,%>p5$ /akes1 ) _! po9ts h>d5$ by fire1 driv5 obliquely into ! gr\nd1 may also be us$4 ,loose ,wire 9 ! =m ( loops ( small diamet] fa/5$ to /akes1 or wire laid along ! gr\nd & atta*$ at ! ends1 or spirals ( b>b$ wire 9 racks1 is us$ = entanglem5ts4 ,x is report$ t ?is =m is com+ into consid]able use1 b ! details h n be5 publi%$4 ,su* entanglem5ts are mu* h>d] to locate by a]ial obs]vation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ are a numb] ( criticisms made by ,lieut4 ,h5ri ,poire ( ! ,fr5* army1 detail$ z in/ructor at ,plattsburg1 ^u ! sy/em ( field works con/ruct$ by ! #ag? & #ah? ,provisional ,tra9+ ,regim5ts4 ,! gr\nd 0 ( loose s&1 ) "s gravel at a dep? ( ab\t six feet4 #a4 ,dim5sions ( tr5*es z laid out 7 n foll[$4 7a7 ,bottom ( tr5*es beh9d fir+ /eps too n>r[4 7b7 ,fir+ /ep too deep4 ,x %\ld nev] be m ?an #c feet #d in*es bel[ b]m ( p>apet4 7c7 ,p>apet mu* too ?9 9 mo/ cases4 ,x %\ld be at lea/ ?ree feet ?ick4 7d7 ,communication tr5*es 7boyaux7 g5]ally too n>r[4 7e7 ,isl&s 9 communication tr5*es %\ld nev] be less ?an #aj x #ab y>ds--o!rwise "o %ell w demoli% ! entire passageway4 #b4 ,revettm5t "w n well an*or$4 ,9 "s cases too _m wires f supports fa/5$ to "o dead man4 ,ano!r fault is t dead m5 7 n buri$ deeply en\gh 9 ! gr\nd1 nor f> en\gh back f ! tr5*4 ,9 "o case a dead man 7a /ake7 support$ all f\r sides ( an isl& 9 a communication tr5*4 ,! de/ruction ( ?is po/ w\ld h completely block$ e passage ar\nd ! isl&4 ,fur!rmore1 dead m5 rot quickly & t5d to break (f4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to h a numb] ( !m1 ea* hold+ only a portion ( ! weight4 ,all project+ bran*es & irregul>ities along a tr5* %\ld be remov$ by occupy+ troops4 #c4 ,too _m loop-holes4 ,except = snip]s1 riflem5 & automatic riflem5 fire ov] ! p>apet4 #d4 ,ma*9e gun loop-holes n wide en\gh4 ,!y %\ld n be less ?an #cf in*es wide4 ,!re mu/ be vegetation plant$ 9 front & a curta9 hung ov] ! loop-holes to prev5t detection4 ,! gr[+ plants 9 front w be easily swept away at ! fir/ dis*>ge4 #e4 ,rememb] nev] to imitate %ell-holes until aft] a real bomb>dm5t by ! enemy4 #f4 ,! dug\ts made 7 nev] deep en\gh & af=d$ no protection4 ,9 fact x w\ld be f> bett] to h none ?an to be caught inside :5 a %ell explod$ 9 a %all[ "o1 because ! conf9em5t ( ! explosion w\ld int5sify ! effect4 #g4 ,%elt]s 7 all too wide4 ,six feet is ! maximum4 ,! platoon headqu>t]s dug\t %\ld be ( ! same wid? z ! tr5*1 n ov] ?ree feet1 b z long z necess>y4 ,company headqu>t]s is six feet wide & ( :atev] dep? requir$4 #h4 ,9 digg+1 n en\gh c>e 0 us$ to conceal ! fre% e>? f ! enemy4 ,make false emplacem5ts to utilize ?is dirt2 also dig dummy tr5*es ab\t "o foot deep1 leav+ ! sides %>p s t !y w %[ cle>ly on a]ial photographs4 #i4 ,9 us+ plants z cam\flage1 di/9ct c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ n to put gr[+ plants too freely nor to place !m :]e !y nev] exi/$4 ,! actual gr\nd conditions mu/ be copi$4 #aj4 ,"s latr9es 7 n arrang$ ) ! /ools close b5ea? ! wall ne>e/ ! enemy4 ,?is caus$ ! loss ( protection1 :i* x is imp]ative to consid]1 z _m casualties occur "h4 #aa4 ,too _m li/5+ po/s4 ,!y are easily captur$ by ho/ile fight+ patrols4 ,!re %\ld nev] be m ?an two li/5+ po/s to a battalion4 #ab4 ,! obs]vation /ations 9 _m in/ances _h no good field ( fire or 7 outl9$ aga9/ ! sky on ! cre/ ( "s rise4 ,! site = an obs]vation po/ %\ld always be plac$ ov] ! cre/ & h a good field ( fire = use 9 case ( attack4 ,occupation4 ,i4 ,relief 9 ! ,tr5*es4 ,a4 ,,! ,,two ,,ma9 ,,classes ,,( ,,relief3 #a4 ,g5]al ,relief4 ,appli$ to ! relief ( a :ole position mann$ by a division or m4 ,execut$ :5 l>ge units are go+ to full re/ 9 ! re> or be+ remov$ f "o "p ( ! front to ano!r4 ,execut$ 9 ! same way z int]ior relief2 i4e41 by successive relief ( ! battalions involv$4 #b4 ,int]ior ,relief4 ,appli$ to ! relief ( "o sector or portion ( a sector mann$ by a brigade or less4 ,b4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,relief3 #a4 ,int]ior relief is execut$ ab\t once e six days2 m frequ5tly :5 ! /ay 9 ! tr5*es is p>ticul>ly ardu\s1 less frequ5tly :5 x is unusually com=table4 #b4 ,! battalion is ! reliev+ unit4 #c4 ,x is advisable to arrange ! relief betwe5 units :i* h fri5dly relations to "o ano!r2 e4g41 battalions ( ! same regim5t2 &1 s f> z possible1 to assign ea* unit to ! same tr5*es on ea* relief4 ,?is promotes cont9uity ( ef=t4 #d4 ,relief is execut$ at night2 ! h\r mu/ be v>i$2 secrecy is imp]ative4 #e4 ,prompt execution is ess5tial1 to prev5t fatigue ( ! troops & conge/ion ( ! boyaux4 ,c4 ,,! ,,me*anism ,,( ,,relief3 #a4 ,reconnaissance1 #bd h\rs 9 advance1 by ! capta9 ( ea* reliev+ company1 accompani$ by 8 platoon lead]s & non-commission$ (fic]s4 ,he asc]ta9s3 7#a7 ,! plan ( occupation2 i4e41 ! dispositions & duties ( ! unit to be reliev$4 7#b7 ,! %elt] accommodations4 7#c7 ,"w be+ done & propos$4 7#d7 ,condition ( ! wire & o!r def5ces4 7#e7 ,! available wat] supply4 7#f7 ,artill]y support4 7#g7 ,communications4 7#h7 ,! location1 am\nt & condition ( /ores4 7#i7 ,dang] po9ts4 7#aj7 ,all available in=mation ( ! enemy2 8 habits1 location ( 8 snip]s1 :at "w he is do+4 7#aa7 ,! ways & means ( liaison1 bo? lat]al & f front to re>4 ,to ! success ( ?is reconnaissance1 ! close/ co-op]ation betwe5 all (fic]s ( ! companies reliev+ & reliev$1 is indisp5sable4 #b4 ,! m>* f billets to ! tr5*es3 7a7 ,transportation1 by auto-trucks & wagons1 is utiliz$ to a po9t z ne> ! l9es z possible1 to c>ry ! packs ( ! m51 ! auto rifles1 extra ammunition & o!r heavy equipm5t4 ,:5 ! di/ance is great ! m5 !mselves %\ld be c>ri$ by auto-truck2 ?is saves "t & fatigue4 ,! m5 w c>ry rifles load$ & lock$1 full c>tridge belts1 gas masks1 & all o!r light] equipm5t1 ) rations = #bd h\rs at lea/4 ,gr5ades w be secur$ 9 ! tr5*es4 ,electric tor*es w be c>ri$ by company & platoon comm&]s4 7b7 ,! /ricte/ discipl9e mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,on arrival )9 sight ( ! enemy1 noise & smok+ 7or o!r lights7 w be prohibit$4 7c7 ,guides1 f ! company to be reliev$1 w meet ! reliev+ company promptly at a po9t def9itely agre$ ^u 9 advance4 #c4 ,! m>* ?r\gh ! boyaux 7communicat+ tr5*es73 7a7 ,di/ance2 (t5 z mu* ?ree or f\r miles4 7b7 ,ord] ( m>*3 company 9 s+le file1 capta9 at ! head2 ea* platoon lead] at ! head ( 8 platoon2 a non-commission$ (fic] at re> ( ea* platoon4 7c7 ,! column mu/ be kept clos$ up4 ,ea* man mu/ consid] himself a connect+ file1 guid+ on ! head1 & behave accord+ly4 ,a guide %\ld accompany ! comm&] ( ! la/ platoon4 7d7 ,rate ( m>*3 r\ghly1 ab\t #dj y>ds p] m9ute4 ,x takes #bej m5 ab\t #bj m9utes to pass a giv5 po9t4 7e7 ,r\te & "r ( way3 ,! fir/ l9e & support tr5*es w nev] be us$ z roads4 ,sep>ate boyaux %\ld1 if possible1 be assign$ to ! troops reliev+ & reliev$4 ,9 no case w "o company cross ! pa? ( ano!r4 ,9 case ( two columns meet+1 "o mov+ =w>d1 ! o!r to ! re>1 ! =m] has ! "r ( way4 #d4 ,no man ( ! unit 9 occupation w leave 8 po/ until he has actually be5 reliev$ & has transmitt$ all ord]s & in=mation relative to t po/4 #e4 ,liaison mu/ be e/abli%$1 imm$iately on arrival1 ) ! units on ! flanks & ) headqu>t]s 9 ! re>4 ,capta9s mu/ make sure t _! runn]s are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! r\tes ( communication4 #f4 ,z soon z relief is accompli%$ bo? capta9s w report t fact to _! respective comm&]s4 #g4 ,! reliev+ comm&] !n inspects 8 tr5*es4 ,he asc]ta9s t all 8 wat*]s are at _! po/s & t ! balance ( 8 m5 "k _! po/s & duties & are prep>$ to assume !m quickly4 #h4 ,! duties ( ! reliev$ comm&] are3 7#a7 ,to turn ov] 8 sector ?or\ghly polic$ & 9 good condition z reg>ds its con/ruction & ! new "w1 if any1 9 progress4 7#b7 ,to turn ov] 8 supplies 9 good condition & fully acc\nt$ =4 7#c7 ,aft] report+ ! relief1 to m>* 8 m5 back to billets z promptly & secretly z possible1 9 column ( files1 platoon lead]s 9 ! re> ( _! platoons1 a non-commission$ (fic] & guide at ! head ( ea*4 7#d7 ,on ! ev5+ prec$+ relief1 to s5d 8 cooks back to billets s t 8 m5 may be provid$ ) a hot meal imm$iately on arrival4 ,d4 ,if an attack occurs dur+ ! m>* ?r\gh ! boyaux1 to or f relief1 ! company affect$ occupies ! ne>e/ def5sive position & at once notifies its battalion comm&]4 ,if an attack occurs dur+ ! actual process ( relief1 ! s5ior (fic] pres5t takes comm&4 ,,ii4 ,! ,/ay 9 ! ,tr5*es4 ,a4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,objects ,,( ,a ,,tr5* ,,comm&]3 #a4 ,security ( 8 sector4 #b4 ,protection ( 8 troops4 #c4 ,con/ant & accurate obs]vation4 #d4 ,a cont9u\s (f5sive4 ,b4 ,,8 ,,plan ,,( ,,def5se3 #a4 ,g5]al pr9ciples ( def5se3 7a7 ,arrangem5t 9 dep?4 ,! mo/ dep5dable def5se is 9 pre>rang$ c\nt] attacks4 ,! sy/em ( def5se mu/ react l a helical spr+4 7b7 ,t5acity ( def5se4 #a4 ,ea* unit mu/ be prep>$ to hold its po/ to ! la/ extremity4 #b4 ,ord]s to )draw w nev] be obey$ unless unmi/akably valid4 #c4 ,all gr\nd lo/ mu/ be retak5 at once 9 c\nt] attack by ! unit :i* lo/ x4 7c7 ,apportionm5t ( responsibility4 ,ea* active segm5t mu/ h a comm&] responsible = its def5se1 upkeep & sanitation1 & ! discipl9e & in/ruction ( 8 m54 #b4 ,basis3 7a7 ,! plan ( def5se turn$ ov] by ! prec$+ comm&]4 ,?is w usually suffice = ! fir/ #bd h\rs aft] relief4 7b7 ,g5]al in=mation ( ! enemy's l9es1 dispositions1 & int5tions1 bas$ *iefly on a]ial photographs4 ,c4 ,,organization ,,( ,,def5se3 #a4 ,allocation ( front4 7,! front ( an ,am]ican battalion w av]age ab\t #a1jjj y>ds47 ,diagrams3 ,a4 ,! ,regim5t4 ,b4 ,! ,battalion4 ,c4 ,! ,company4 ,d4 ,! ,platoon4 #b4 ,di/ribution ( effectives4 ,det]m9$ *iefly by ! t]ra9 & by #c4 #c4 ,employm5t ( ! sev]al arms3 7a7 ,ma*9e guns4 ,crew ( #h m5 p] gun4 7,furni%$ by deta*m5ts ( a ma*9e gun company47 ,locat$ by ! infantry comm&]1 9 conceal$ emplacem5ts beh9d ! fir/ l9e1 to deliv] successive b>rages f flank+ positions4 ,effective range3 up to #gjj y>ds4 7b7 ,automatic rifles4 ,crew ( #c m5 p] rifle4 ,usually po/$ to enfilade ! entanglem5ts ( ! fir/ l9e4 ,!y conc5trate ! fire effect ( f #g to #aj riflem54 ,effective range3 up to #cjj y>ds4 7c7 ,rifle ,gr5adi]s4 ,locat$ ne> en\gh to fir/ l9e to hold ! enemy tr5*es "u fire & deliv] effective b>rages ne> ! m\?s ( our own communicat+ tr5*es4 ,%\ld be locat$ ne> obs]vation po/s s t _! fire c be promptly correct$4 7d7 ,tr5* mort>s4 ,locat$ simil>ly to 7c74 ,mann$ by riflem54 7e7 ,bomb]s4 ,"o supply man to ea* #b gr5adi]s4 ,us$ = protection ( auto-rifles1 9 c\nt] attacks1 = protection ( communicat+ tr5*es & fight+ 9 close qu>t]s4 7f7 ,riflem54 ,po/$ to deliv] frontal fire4 ,gr\p$ accord+ to ! plan ( c\nt] attacks4 7g7 ,z _m m5 z possible %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( ! enemy's weapons4 ,d4 ,,liaison3 7a7 ,by telephone4 ,quicke/ & mo/ accurate4 ,ma9ta9$ betwe5 ea* platoon & its company headqu>t]s1 & betwe5 adjo9+ companies4 ,especially subject to de/ruction 9 bomb>dm5t4 ,wireless & gr\nd telegraphy are us$ only betwe5 brigade & division headqu>t]s4 7b7 ,by runn]s 7liaison ag5ts74 ,five detail$ f ea* company to battalion headqu>t]s2 "o s5t to ea* adjo9+ company headqu>t]s2 "o f ea* platoon to company headqu>t]s2 f\r or five on duty at ea* platoon headqu>t]s2 five f ea* ma*9e gun company to battalion headqu>t]s4 ,messages s5t by !m %\ld1 if practicable1 be writt5 & sign$1 & %\ld be receipt$ = by ! addressee4 7c7 ,by rockets & fl>es4 ,quicke/ means ( liaison ) ! artill]y 9 re>4 7d7 ,dome/ic 7message c>ry+7 gr5ades4 7e7 ,dogs & c>ri] pigeons4 ,s5t out to ! re> f battalion headqu>t]s4 7f7 ,"o se>*light--) a radius ( #c miles--is furni%$ to ea* company4 7g7 ,noise4 ,klaxon signals1 etc41 give w>n+ ( gas attacks4 ,e4 ,,obs]vation3 7a7 ,obs]v]s3 #a4 ,mu/ be m5 ( inf9ite pati5ce1 ke5 he>+ & eyesight4 #b4 ,!y are locat$ beh9d ! fir/ l9e 9 positions comb9+ good view ) concealm5t4 #c4 ,ea* is provid$ ) a panoramic map1 made f a]oplane photographs1 ( ! enemy's tr5*es4 ,on ?is mu/ be promptly not$ e slighte/ *ange 9 ! trace1 height ( p>apet1 etc41 ( ! enemy's l9e4 ,su* notes greatly assi/ 9 locat+ ma*9e gun emplacem5ts4 #d4 ,ea* obs]v] w also record 9 a note book ev]y?+ ( importance1 ) ! "t obs]v$4 #e4 ,a report ( *anges1 ) an ab/ract ( obs]v]'s notes1 is =w>d$ daily to regim5tal headqu>t]s4 7b7 ,wat*]s 7s5t9els73 #a4 ,/ation$1 "o ne> ! door ( ea* dug\t1 9 ! fir/ l9e1 support & int]m$iate tr5*es4 #b4 ,!y mu/ be c>efully conceal$4 #c4 ,!y mu/ wat* ov] ! p>apet 7nev] ?r\gh slits or loopholes7 s z to h unre/rict$ view4 #d4 ,!y are furni%$ ) signal rockets & fl>es = prompt communication ) ! artill]y1 & h au?ority to use !m4 #e4 ,d\ble s5t9els are po/$ at night4 7c7 ,li/5+ ,po/s3 #a4 ,locat$1 usually 9 %ell holes1 j inside ! entanglem5ts4 ,connect$ ) front l9e by tunnels4 ,protect$ f gr5ades by heavy grat+s1 :5 possible1 & by concealm5t4 #b4 ,occupi$ by #d m5 7#a 9 comm&71 9 #c reliefs4 ,usually occupi$ only at night unless our tr5*es are on a rev]se slope4 #c4 ,*ief function is protection ( ! entanglem5ts4 7d7 ,microphone ,po/s4--,in/all$ usually beh9d ! fir/ l9e4 ,int]cept ! enemy's telephone & gr\nd-telegraph messages & any l\d conv]sation 9 8 tr5*es4 7e7 ,fix$ ,patrols4--,g5]ally rema9 9 %ell holes 9 front ( our entanglem5ts4 7f7 ,reconnoit]+ ,patrols3 #a4 ,compos$ ( f #c to #e m51 comm&$ by a non-commission$ (fic]4 ,s5t out at night only4 #b4 ,! company comm&] mu/ promptly notify comm&]s ( adjo9+ companies ( ! dispat* ( ^! patrols1 _! "t ( dep>ture1 r\te & probable "t ( return4 #c4 ,m5 %\ld be assign$ to ?is duty by ro/]4 ,f4 ,,tr5* ,,"w3 #a4 ,con/ant battle ) ! elem5ts1 c>e = dra9age1 revettm5t1 sanitation & /orage4 #b4 ,repair ( ! effects ( bomb>dm5t4 #c4 ,new "w1 = bett] security1 communication & obs]vation4 #d4 ,"w 9 ! op54 7a7 ,usually consi/s ( repair or re>rangem5t ( wire entanglem5ts1 digg+ new li/5+ po/s1 etc4 7b7 ,effect$ by p>ties detail$ by ro/]4 7c7 ,!y are gu>d$ by fight+ patrols1 compos$ l reconnaissance patrols4 ,_! be/ protection is 9 sil5ce & concealm5t4 7d7 ,adjo9+ companies mu/ be notifi$ ( _! dispat*1 location & probable "t ( return4 7e7 ,?is "w1 l all op]ations conduct$ outside ! protection ( ! tr5*es1 (f]s a valuable tonic to ! morale4 ,g4 ,,(f5sive ,,op]ations3 #a4 ,snip+3 7a7 ,snip]s con/itute "o ( ! mo/ dep5dable & productive ag5cies ( attrition4 7b7 ,! be/ %ots ( ! company are especially tra9$ & assign$ = ?is duty exclusively4 7c7 ,!y op]ate 9 pairs & po/ !mselves to cov] any expos$ portions ( ! enemy's tr5*es1 especially 8 communicat+ tr5*es4 7d7 ,!y %\ld be well suppli$ ) all necess>y special equipm5t2 e4g41 snip]scopes1 telescopic sights1 pa9t$ headge>1 etc4 #b4 ,m9+ ,op]ations4 #c4 ,raid+3 7a7 ,object ( raids3 de/ruction ( ! enemy's def5ses1 di/urbance ( 8 morale1 collection ( prison]s & in=mation4 7b7 ,! p]sonnel ( raid+ p>ties w usually include3 ,a comm&] & second 9 comm&1 bayonet m51 bomb]s1 eng9e]s1 signal m51 /ret*] be>]s4 ,_! numb]s & proportions are regulat$ by ! nature & difficulty ( ! task4 7c7 ,co-ord9ation ) ! artill]y b>rage is ! ess5tial ( _! success4 ,! limit ( advance1 ext5t ( op]ations1 & "t ( return w !re=e be set 9 advance & rigidly adh]$ to4 ,h4 ,,role ,,( ,,! ,,tr5* ,,comm&]3 #a4 ,inspections3 ,! m5 w be =mally inspect$ twice daily at ! g5]al /& to by ! company comm&]4 ,p>ticul> att5tion w be paid to ! heal? ( ! m51 condition ( _! feet & _! clo?+4 ,ea* man mu/ h at lea/ "o pair ( dry socks always available4 ,arms1 gas masks1 & o!r equipm5ts w also be rigidly inspect$4 #b4 ,ro/]3 ,! company comm&] w c>efully sup]vise ! prep>ation ( ! duty ro/]4 ,an obvi\sly equal di/ribution ( ! ardu\s duties involv$ 9 tr5* life is ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance ( morale4 #c4 ,reports & ,records3 7,additional to ^? already requir$ by regulations47 ,log ,book1 ,report ( ,casualties1 ,w9d ,report 7daily71 ,bomb>dm5t ,report 7daily71 ,intellig5ce ,report1 :i* w include obs]v]'s notes & *anges 7twice daily71 & a daily report ( ,"w complet$ & ,und]tak54 #d4 ,"o pr9ciple :i* ! tr5* comm&] %\ld nev] =get is ! necessity = 8 frequ5t pres5ce 9 ! mid/ ( 8 m54 99 99 99 ,direct contact ) ! troops on z _m occasions z possible is ! mo/ c]ta9 way to ga9 _! confid5ce4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,duties ( ! ,company ,comm&]4 #a4 ,to inspect ! sector 8 company is to occupy1 "o day 9 advance ( occupy+ x4 #b4 ,to assign segm5ts to ! platoons4 #c4 ,to prep>e a plan ( def5se4 #d4 ,to connect by liaison ) ! companies on 8 flanks4 #e4 ,to h an ag5t or runn] at ,battalion ,headqu>t]s4 #f4 ,to prep>e a plan = c\nt] attacks4 #g4 ,to report to ! ,battalion ,comm&] :5 8 company has tak5 up its position3 7a7 ,its situation4 7b7 ,security4 7c7 ,liaison4 7d7 ,/ate ( position left by pr$ecessor4 7e7 ,def5se ( sector4 7f7 ,plan ( c\nt] attacks4 #h4 ,to inspect ! tr5*es frequ5tly to see t ev]y?+ is 9 prop] condition & t 8 m5 are 9 jubilant spirits4 #i4 ,to h platoon guides report to ,battalion ,headqu>t]s on ! date = ! relief ( 8 company & act z guides to ! company t relieves him4 #aj4 ,to keep a special log book 9 :i* ! foll[+ are kept3 7a7 ,"w complet$ by 8 unit4 7b7 ,"w "u way4 7c7 ,"w propos$4 #aa4 ,turn ov] to 8 successor3 7a7 ,measures tak5 = security4 7b7 ,plan ( attacks4 7c7 ,plan ( c\nt]attacks4 #ab4 ,h "o (fic] on duty at all times4 #ac4 ,/& to w take place "o 7#a7 h\r be=e daylight1 & all available m5 w att5d4 ,!re w be a ?or\gh inspection4 ,rapid load+ w be practic$4 ,! fir+ position ( e man w be te/$ to see if he c hit ! bottom ( our wire4 ,gas helmets w be inspect$4 #ad4 ,"t table--allot h\rs ( "w1 re/ & meals4 #ae4 ,supplies--make timely requisitions = !m--be especially wat*ful ab\t meals & rations--h no delays4 #af4 ,to h "o wat*] & "o relief on duty ne> ,company ,headqu>t]s at all times4 #ag4 ,to get a good field ( fire to ! front & cov] ! sectors ( ea* company on flanks4 #ah4 7,subject to *ange7 ,r$ ,rocket-,artill]y ,b>rage want$4 ,:ite ,rocket ,gas ,attack4 #ai4 ,to report twice daily all *anges 9 w9d direction4 #bj4 ,to report to ,battalion ,comm&] :5 reliev$4 ,duties ( ,platoon ,lead]s z ,(fic]s on ,duty ) ,company4 #a4 ,report ) old (fic] at company headqu>t]s4 #b4 ,make frequ5t inspections ( all tr5*es occupi$ by company4 #c4 ,visit ea* ,li/5+ ,po/2 at lea/ once dur+ t\r ( duty4 #d4 ,visit all s5t9els & receive _! reports4 #e4 ,see t "o non-commission$ (fic] p] platoon is on duty4 #f4 ,receive reports ( non-commission$ (fic]s aft] !y h po/$ s5t9els4 #g4 ,at end ( t\r h& ov] to new (fic] all ord]s1 a report ( "w 9 progress1 & any useful in=mation4 #h4 ,report ) new (fic] at ,company ,headqu>t]s on completion ( t\r4 #i4 ,to report any?+ unusual to ,company ,headqu>t]s4 #aj4 ,to s5d dead & w\nd$ to dress+ /ation tr5*es4 #aa4 ,to s5d patrols to front at night4 ,duties ( ,platoon ,lead]s4 #a4 ,mu/ accompany company comm&] on inspection ( tr5*es "o day previ\s to occupy+ !m4 #b4 ,make necess>y reliefs = 8 m5 9 8 segm5t4 #c4 ,make a plan ( def5se & c\nt]attack = 8 position or approve ! "o left !re4 #d4 ,e/abli% snip+ po/s & arrange reliefs4 #e4 ,e/abli% ,li/5+ ,po/s & arrange reliefs4 #f4 ,assign non-commission$ (fic] to duty ) platoon & arrange relief4 #g4 ,in/ruct e man z to 8 place 9 case ( attack4 #h4 ,e/abli% liaison ) platoons on bo? flanks2 & "o runn] to ,company ,headqu>t]s4 #i4 ,h "o platoon guide report to ,company ,headqu>t]s on day 8 platoon is to be reliev$4 #aj4 ,on completion ( po/+ 8 platoon1 report to 8 company comm&]4 #aa4 ,turn ov] to platoon reliev+ him all ord]s & data p]ta9+ to 8 position4 #ab4 ,be especially att5tive to rigid milit>y discipl9e2 i4e41 e soldi] to be neat2 equipm5t mu/ be clean at all times2 to r5d] ! requir$ salute :5 n obs]v+ or fir+ at ! enemy4 #ac4 ,h "o non-commission$ (fic] on duty at all times4 #ad4 ,to inspect rifles1 equipm5t & latr9es twice daily4 7a7 ,to h at lea/ "o latr9e 9 work+ ord] at all times4 7b7 ,to h a s5try on duty at ea* platoon dug\t at all times4 7c7 ,e/abli% "o ,obs]vation ,po/ 9 daytime4 #ae4 ,9 ,front ,l9e ,tr5*es3 7a7 ,no smok+ or talk+ to be all[$ at night4 7b7 ,e man to we> 8 equipm5t except packs4 7c7 ,h rifle )9 rea*+ di/ance4 7d7 ,all reliefs to be )9 kick+ di/ance ( soldi] on duty4 #af4 ,inspect at ,/& to & report results to ,company ,headqu>t]s1 especially if ea* man has #agj r\nds ( ammunition & necess>y gr5ades & bombs4 #ag4 ,to be especially att5tive to sanitation & c>e ( ! m5's feet4 #ah4 ,to h "o 7#a7 wat*] & relief on duty at all times ne> platoon dug\ts4 #ai4 ,to get a good field ( fire to 8 front & to cov] ! sector ( ea* platoon on 8 flanks4 #bj4 ,make requisition = mat]ial4 #ba4 ,to see t all ( 8 m5 are prop]ly f$4 #bb4 ,report to company comm&] :5 reliev$4 #bc4 ,mu/ "k :at e man is do+ at all times4 ,duties ( ,non-,commission$ ,(fic] on ,duty 7,ea* ,platoon74 #a4 ,to make frequ5t inspections ( ! position occupi$ by 8 platoon4 #b4 ,to be responsible t ea* soldi] kn[s 8 duties4 #c4 ,to report any?+ ( special importance to (fic] on duty4 #d4 ,on be+ reliev$ to report ) ! new non-commission$ (fic] to ! (fic] on duty4 #e4 ,aft] po/+ s5t9els to report ,all is ,well to (fic] on duty4 #f4 ,expla9 to 8 s5t9el 8 duties1 ! position ( ,section & ,platoon ,comm&]s & ( s5tries on ei!r side2 & to caution 8 s5tries :5 fri5dly patrols are out1 ! probable "t & place ( return4 #g4 ,bayonets w always be fix$ 9 front l9e tr5*es4 #h4 ,at night "t to h d\ble s5t9el4 #i4 ,to see t ea* s5t9el 9 daytime has a p]iscope4 #aj4 ,rifles to be load$2 no c>tridge %all be 9 ! *amb] except :5 necess>y to %oot4 #aa4 ,to report to ,company ,headqu>t]s any *ange 9 direction ( w9d4 ,patrols4 #a4 ,usual ord]s ab\t patrols4 #b4 ,always g out at night via ! ,li/5+ ,po/2 tell ! m5 9 ! ,li/5+ ,po/ y\r mission & probable "t ( return4 ,s5t9els4 #a4 ,to s\nd ,klaxon horn on approa* ( gas attack4 #b4 ,to report imm$iately to non-commission$ (fic] on duty any *ange 9 direction ( w9d4 #c4 ,9 cold wea!r to "w bolt frequ5tly to keep x f freez+4 #d4 ,at night to *all5ge only 9 case ( necessity1 & !n only 9 a l[ tone4 ,*all5ge ,h&s up4 #e4 ,numb] ( po/s dep5ds on assum$ ne>ness ( enemy & local conditions4 ,normally "o p] platoon by day & ?ree d\ble s5t9els p] platoon at night4 #f4 ,relief kept close at h&4 ,report ,all is ,well1 or o!rwise1 :5 (fic] passes4 #g4 ,scre5$ f obs]vation4 #h4 ,rema9 /&+ unless height ( p>apet r5d]s ?is impossible4 ,ma*9e ,guns4 #a4 ,non-commission$ (fic] & "o 7#a7 wat*] on duty at all times4 #b4 ,except 9 em]g5cy !y w n be fir$ f _! regul> emplacem5ts4 #c4 ,unless emplacem5ts are well conceal$1 guns w n be m\nt$ except betwe5 ev5+ & morn+ /& to4 #d4 ,be=e dusk ea* gun w be sight$ on "s p>ticul> spot ei!r 9 front ( or beh9d ! enemy's l9e4 #e4 ,range c>ds w be prep>$ & kept ) ea* gun4 ,snip]s4 #a4 ,snip+ ,po/ consi/s ( "o 7#a7 obs]v] & "o 7#a7 rifleman ) relief ( two 7#b7 m5 po/$ close by4 #b4 ,snip+ po/ %\ld be well conceal$4 #c4 ,daily report f ea* po/1 ( 7a7 ,any "w done by enemy4 7b7 ,enemy se52 place1 uni=m1 app>5t age1 physique1 equipm5t4 7c7 ,any o!r in=mation ( int]e/4 #d4 ,snip] to be appo9t$ f ea* section4 #e4 ,mu/ be intellig5t1 al]t1 good sc\t1 good %ot1 c\rage\s4 #f4 ,snip]s %\ld sp5d #bd h\rs 9 tr5*es ) ^? ( comm& :i* !irs is to relieve1 be=e relief takes place4 #g4 ,no night "w requir$ ( ^! m5 s9ce !y mu/ be con/antly on ! al]t dur+ ! day4 ,organization ( a ,platoon--,rifle ,company--,table ,no4 #g ,,platoon ,platoon ,headqu>t]s #a ,lieut4 #a ,sgt4 #d ,privates4 #a/ ,section #b;d ,section #c;d ,section #d? ,section ,h& ,bomb]s ,rifle ,gr5adi]s ,riflem5 ,auto-,riflem5 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- #c ,teams1 ea* #a ,team ( #a ,sgt4 #a ,sgt4 & #b ,corps4 #a ,lead] #f ,gr5adi]s #b ,squads ( #d ,teams1 ea* #a ,?r[] #c ,c>ri]s #h m5 ea* #a ,gunn] #a ,c>ri] 7,may be #d ,extra #b ,c>ri]s #a ,sc\t subdivid$7 riflem5,r #b ,corps4 #b ,corps4 #a ,sgt4 & #b ,cpl4 #a ,sgt4 & #b ,cpls4 #d ,pvts4 #a/ ,cl4 #a ,pvt4 #a/ ,cl4 #f ,pvts4 #a/ ,cl4 #d ,pvts4 #a/ ,cl4 #f ,pvts4 #f ,pvts4 #ab ,pvts4 #h ,pvts4 ,total--#ab ,total--#i ,total--#ba ,total--#ae ,footnote ,r3 ,runn]s3 ,atta*$ to #c;d ,section & #g? ,squad4 ,) ,platoon comm&] :5 company is 9 ext5d$ ord] =mation4 ,sugge/$ ,organization ( ,platoon 9 ,close ,ord] & = ,adm9i/ration4 #a/ ,squad #b;d ,squad #c;d ,squad #d? ,squad ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,bomb] ,section #a_/b ,auto ,rifle #a_/b ,auto ,rifle 7less #a bomb] ,section i4e41 ,section i4e41 ,gr5adi] team7 ,cpl & #b teams ,cpl & #b teams ,section #a ,corp #a ,cpl4 #a ,cpl4 #a ,cpl4 #g ,pvts4 #f ,pvts4 #f ,pvts4 #g ,pvts4 7,extra ,cpl4 9 ,file ,clos]s7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #e? ,squad #f? ,squad #g? ,squad ---------------------------------------- --------- #a ,rifle ,squad #a ,rifle ,squad #a ,bomb] ,team plus #d extra riflem5,s #a ,cpl4 #a ,cpl4 #a ,cpl4 #g ,pvts4 #g ,pvts4 #g ,pvts4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,"r ,guide--,automatic ,gun ,sgt4 ,left ,guide--,rifle ,sgt4 ,*ief ( ,platoon--,lieut4 ,file clos] or act+ #a/ ,sgt4--,sgt4-,as/4 ,note4--,if desirable ! #d me*anics & #d privates 7signalm57 :o are n assign$ to platoons regul>ly1 c be us$ to fill ! blank files 9 ! #b;d & #c;d squads4 ,footnote ,s3 ,runn]s3 ,atta*$ to #c;d ,section & #g? ,squad4 ,) ,platoon comm&] :5 company is 9 ext5d$ ord] =mation4 ,deploym5ts4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples3 7a7 ,! foll[+ plans = deploym5t are n to be reg>d$ z rigid4 ,! positions ( ! v>i\s squads dep5ds ^u tactical consid]ations4 7b7 ,! platoon 9 attack w be us$ only = accompli%m5t ( its (f5sive mission4 ,mopp]s-up1 additional c>ri]s1 etc41 w be furni%$ by o!r organizations4 ,a4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m s+le skirmi% l9e to ! front4 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s 7s _m7 paces1 guide "r 7left or c5t]74 #b4 ,m>*4 ,execut$ z describ$ 9 p>s4 #bjf & #bjh1 i4d4r4 ,normal int]val to be ord]$1 #d or #e paces4 ,?is =mation to be reg>d$ z exceptional4 ,b4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to =m s+le skirmi% l9e4 ,same comm& z 9 7,a74 ,execut$ z describ$ 9 p>a #bjg & #bjh1 i4d4r4 ,c4 ,be+ 9 l9e to =m d\ble skirmi% l9e to ! front 7i4e41 to take ! ,=mation = ,attack 9 ! diagram47 #a4 ,9 two l9es4 #b4 ,z skirmi%]s 7s _m7 paces1 guide "r 7left or c5t]74 #c ,m>*4 ,execut$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples 9 p>s4 #bjf & #bjh1 i4d4r41 except t at ! comm& ,m>* ! ev5-numb]$ squads /& fa/ :ile ! odd-numb]$ squads =m ! fir/ l9e by deploy+ on ! base squad z 9 ! case ( deploym5t 9 s+le l9e4 ,simil>ly1 ! ev5-numb]$ squads =m ! second l9e by deploy+ on _! base squad aft] ! odd-numb]$ squads h mov$ =w>d ab\t #bj paces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,normal ,,battalion ,,=mation ,,9 ,,attack ,d4 ,be+ 9 l9e or column ( squads to deploy 9 l9e ( squad columns 9 "o or two l9es4 ,use same comm&s & execute 9 same mann] z describ$ 9 7,a71 7,b71 7,c71 except t 9 ! comm& ,squad ,columns is sub/itut$ = z skirmi%]s1 & 9 ! execution ea* corporal on approa*+ ! l9e =ms 8 squad 9 squad column in/ead ( deploy+ x z skirmi%]s4 ,e4,g4 #a4 ,9 two l9es--#b4 ,squad columns 7s _m7 paces1 ,guide "r 7left or c5t]7--#c4 ,m>*4 ,?is gives a ,=mation ( ,approa* z ! ,fr5* describe x1 or z an ,artill]y ,=mation z ! ,briti% describe x2 :i* may be us$ directly or indirectly 7by means ( e*elons7 = advanc+ :5 n liable to infantry fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bb ,e4 ,be+ 9 above =mation to v>y ! int]vals4 #a4 ,squad columns 7s _m7 paces1 #b4 ,guide "r 7left or c5t]74 ,execut$ 9 ! same mann] z simil> movem5t describ$ 9 i4d4r4 #abf4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ! ,platoon ,=mation 9 ! ,assault ( ,=tifi$ ,positions 9 ,tr5*es4 7,po9ts ( ,resi/ance1 ,etc474 #a4 ,! platoon is n[ a complete fight+ unit )9 itself4 ,x conta9s riflem51 bomb]s1 auto-riflem51 & rifle gr5adi]s4 ,) ?is comb9ation ! platoon comm&] has1 "u 8 imm$iate control1 all ! diff]5t k9ds ( fire available to ! infantry4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bc #b4 ,?is =mation 0 develop$ s t ! platoon comm&] c\ld meet ! diff]5t cont+5cies t arise f be+ oppos$ by po9ts ( resi/ance 9 a ,tr5*-to-,tr5* attack or ! ,semi-,op5-,w>f>e2 t is ! second>y /age ( a pu%4 #c4 ,:5 /rong opposition develops1 ! pr9ciple on :i* ! platoon works is to develop or surr\nd ! po9t ( resi/ance1 ! platoon act+ ei!r alone or 9 conjunction ) neighbor+ platoons4 ,! f\r diff]5t k9ds ( fire are !n us$ to _! be/ advantages to sil5ce or dim9i% ! enemy fire ?us mak+ ?is manoeuvre possible4 #d4 ,9 ord] to obta9 success x is fir/ necess>y to impress on ! (fic]s & m5 t ! prim>y advantage ( ! entire =mation is its mobility1 & ! scope x gives to ! initiative ( ! platoon section1 squad & team lead]s4 ,9 /udy+ ?is =mation x is fir/ necess>y to free ! m9d ( all p>ade gr\nd =mations & to feel t !re is no?+ to h9d] any desir$ movem5t ( ! sections1 s long z ! movem5t is n contr>y to ! op]ation ord]s = ! attack4 ,until ?is idea is grasp$ ?or\ghly no progress c be made4 #e4 ,!re is no typical or normal =mation4 ,! "o giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is in/ruction "h is a drill or p>ade gr\nd =mation1 & :ile x may be us$ "u actual conditions ( w>f>e1 x is simply utiliz$ at ?is "t z a basis f :i* ! necess>y v>iations may be work$ out4 ,9 an attack1 e platoon 9 ! battalion may use a diff]5t =mation4 #f4 ,! =mation to be us$ is decid$ ^u aft] a c>eful /udy ( air-photographs4 ,z f> z possible all po9ts ( resi/ance are pick$ out & ! be/ me?od ( meet+ ! situations t may arise are !n consid]$4 ,! platoon is !n arrang$ s z to be/ facilitate ?is manoeuvre4 ,x mu/ be realiz$ t !re w be o!r platoons on ! flanks & 9 ! re>1 & _! dispositions mu/ be /udi$ ) a view ( _! probable be>+ on ! po9ts ( resi/ance4 #g4 ,9 ord] to "k h[ to get results x is fir/ necess>y to h a v cle> conception ( ! uses & limitations ( ! diff]5t weapons 9 ! platoon4 ,briefly !y c be us$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3 7a7 ,! auto-rifles op5 up a po9t blank fire on ! /rong po9t z soon z x is discov]$4 ,_! function is to ei!r draw ! fire ( ! enemy or to sil5ce him by a hit or =c+ him to take cov]4 ,_! "w may be comp>$ to ! "w ( ! field artill]y 9 a b>rage4 ,!y cov] ! movem5t ( ! infantry across ! op54 ,! auto rifles s place !mselves at su* po9ts t _! l9e ( fire w 9 no way int]f]e ) ! manoeuvre ( ! comm&] ( ! platoon or ! rema9+ units ( ! platoon int]f]e ) ! effective use ( ! auto rifles ( ! platoon4 7b7 ,! rifle gr5adi]s advance at once j z close z possible1 b at all co/s to )9 effective gr5ade range4 ,!y !n take cov] 9 %ell holes1 tr5*es1 etc41 & op5 up a rapid fire4 ,!y are ! long di/ance h[itz]s ( ! platoon & are v valuable4 ,by a well plac$ gr5ade ! :ole resi/ance may be ov]come4 ,?is section usually works ar\nd a flank4 7c7 ,! riflem5 "w up by squad z f> z practicable & to a flank1 :5 an opportunity pres5ts itself1 ! squad op5s fire 9 su* a mann] z to protect advance ( o!r squads or teams4 7d7 ,! bomb]s endeavor to get well ar\nd beh9d ! enemy & tak+ advantage ( cov] get to )9 bomb range4 ,!y may be comp>$ to ! close range h[itz]s or tr5* mort>s4 ,:5 all f\r sections are 9 action at prop] ranges1 ! opposition c probably la/ b a %ort "t1 & z soon z ! ma*9e guns cease fire ! platoon1 especially ! riflem51 g aft] ! rema9d] ( ! g>rison ) ! bayonet4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bg ,x may happ5 t ! b>rage put up w s demoralize ! enemy t ! riflem5 c advance be=e 8 ma*9e guns are ev5 put out ( action4 ,?is op]ation all[s ! rifle m5 to get 9 ) ! bayonet1 if ! resi/ance is n soon] ov]come4 ,:5 ! diff]5t sections are gett+ to _! places1 !y usually f9d en\gh %ell holes or old tr5*es to obta9 cov]4 ,!y %\ld n move z entire sections1 b z small gr\ps ( ?ree or f\r at a "t4 #h4 ,aft] ! encircl+ movem5t has once begun1 ! platoon comm&] loses all control1 & ! action is !n conduct$ by ! section1 squad or team lead]s4 ,!y mu/ be tra9$ to act on _! own initiative1 z fur!r ord]s are r>ely practicable4 ,! resi/ance w f9ally be ov]come1 ei!r because ! enemy w retreat or surr5d] "u ! m5ace ( encirclem5t1 or by ! losses caus$ by our fire or by ! attack at close range ( our bomb]s or else by ! f9al assault ) ! bayonet l$ by our riflem54 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t "u an artill]y b>rage x is nev] possible to issue v]bal ord]s1 s ! sections mu/ be tra9$ to und]/& & obey ! arm signals ( its (fic]1 or m (t5 to "w )\t ord]s4 #i4 ,a sequ5ce ( comm& mu/ be arrang$ 9 ea* section1 squad & team d[n to ! la/ man4 ,,rem>ks ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,=m+ ,,( ,,wave ,,f ,,close ,,ord]4 ,! sket* ( deploym5t atta*$ is an illu/ration ( "o ( ! =mations t may be adopt$4 ,x is giv5 z an example4 ,any o!r wave =mation may be practically z easily =m$ up4 ,! platoon comm&] simply calls out ! squads he wants 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,x mu/ n be imag9$ t ?is transition f close ord] to ext5d$ is done 9 ! field :5 actually "u fire or z a result ( surprise4 ,be=e ! platoon goes into an attack x is all arrang$ s z to all[ x to be *ang$ ) ease f column ( sections at ext5d$ int]vals 7=mation = approa*7 to ! wave =mation decid$ ^u4 ,?is arrangem5t is made :5 ! platoon is miles to ! re>4 ,:5 ! *ange is made f column ( sections to ! wave =mation !re mu/ be no cross+ ( sections z !y g to _! places4 ,"s ( ! ,_m ,que/ions a ,platoon ,comm&] ,%\ld ,ask ,himself on ,tak+ ,ov] a ,tr5*1 & at ,frequ5t ,int]vals ,aft]w>ds4 #a4 ,i am "h = two purposes3 ,to hold ?is l9e "u all circum/ances1 & to d z mu* damage z possible to ! enemy8 ,am ,i do+ all ,i c to make ?is l9e z /rong z possible8 ,am ,i z ,,(f5sive z ,i might be ) organiz$ snip]s1 snip]scopes1 rifle gr5ades1 catapults1 etc41 & patrols8 #b4 ,d ,i connect up all "r ) ! platoons on my "r & left8 ,d ,i "k ! position ( my ne>e/ support8 #c4 ,does e man "k 8 fir+ position & c he fire f x1 ov] ! p>apet1 at ! foot ( ! wire8 #d4 ,:]e are my ,s4,a4,a4 & bomb /ores8 ,are !y "u cov] f ! wea!r8 #e4 ,d all my m5 "k _! duties 9 case ( attack--bomb]s especially8 #f4 ,are all my rifles & ammunition clean & 9 good ord]8 ,h all ! m5 got rifle cov]s8 ,are ! magaz9es kept *>g$8 #g4 ,is my wire /rong en\gh8 #h4 ,are my p>apets & trav]ses bullet-pro( ev]y:]e8 #i4 ,:]e are my sally ports8 #aj4 ,:]e are my li/5+ po/s8 ,are my li/5+ patrols prop]ly detail$8 #aa4 ,:at po9ts 9 front p>ticul>ly require patroll+ at night8 #ab4 ,are my s5tries 9 _! "r places8 ,are !y prop]ly po/$ by ,n4,c4,o's48 ,h !y receiv$ prop] in/ructions8 #ac4 ,h ,i got ! ,s4,o4,s4 message 9 my pocket1 & d ,i "k ! ord]s reg>d+ its use8 #ad4 ,are ! tr5*es z clean & z sanit>y z !y might be8 ,are live r\nds & cases prop]ly collect$8 ,are my bags = refuse & empties 9 position8 #ae4 ,are my tr5*es z dry z ,i might make !m8 #af4 ,am ,i do+ all ,i c to prev5t my m5 gett+ ,tr5* ,feet8 #ag4 ,h[ c ,i prev5t my p>apets & dug\ts f fall+ 98 #ah4 ,h ,i got at lea/ "o loophole1 f :i* m5 c snipe1 = e section8 ,h ,i po9t$ out to ,section ,comm&]s ! portion ( ! enemy's tr5* !y are responsible = keep+ "u fire1 & :]e 8 loopholes are8 #ai4 ,h my m5 always got _! smoke helmets on & are !y 9 good ord]8 #bj4 ,are ! arrangem5ts1 9 case ( gas attack1 complete & kn[n to all ranks8 #ba4 ,are ! ord]s z to we>+ equipm5t c>ri$ out8 #bb4 ,are my m5 us+ wood f ! def5ces z firewood8 #bc4 ,are my m5 dr9k+ wat] f any b au?oriz$ s\rces8 #bd4 ,i am "h = two purposes3 ,to hold ?is l9e "u all circum/ances1 & ,i d z mu* damage z possible to ! enemy8 ,am ,i do+ all ,i c to make ?is l9e z /rong z possible8 ,am ,i z ,,(f5sive z ,i might be ) organiz$ snip]s1 snip]scopes1 rifle gr5ades1 catapults1 etc41 & patrols8 ,def5sive ,measure ,aga9/ ,gas ,attacks4 ,i4 ,introduction4 ,a4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations3 ,9 ! abs5ce ( suitable means ( protection ! poison gases us$ 9 w> are extremely deadly & ! brea?+ ( only v small quantities ( !m may cause dea? or s]i\s injury4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is ess5tial t n ! slighte/ "t %\ld be lo/ 9 putt+ on ! anti-gas device on ! gas al>m be+ giv54 ,x _c be too /rongly insi/$ on t ! measures to meet ho/ile gas attacks af=d p]fect protection1 & if !y are c>ri$ out prop]ly no "o w suff] f gas poison+4 ,! :ole basis ( protect+ troops aga9/ gas lies 7a7 9 keep+ ! appliances 9 p]fect work+ ord]2 7b7 9 le>n+ to adju/ !m rapidly "u all conditions1 & 7c7 9 ensur+ t e man is giv5 imm$iate w>n+4 ,^! results c only be atta9$3 7#a7 ,by frequ5t & ?or\gh inspection ( all protective appliances4 7#b7 ,by ?or\gh in/ruction & tra9+ 9 _! use4 7#c7 ,by e man und]/&+ & comply+ ) all /&+ ord]s on ! subject ( def5se aga9/ gas4 ,if ^! are effectually c>ri$ out1 !re is no?+ to fe> f ho/ile gas attacks4 ,(fic]s mu/ impress ?is on _! m51 z an important object ( all anti-gas in/ruction %\ld be to inspire complete confid5ce 9 ! efficacy ( ! me?ods :i* are adopt$4 ,b4 ,nature ( ,gas ,attacks3 7#a7 ,,gas ,,cl\ds3 ,?is me?od ( mak+ a gas attack is entirely dep5d5t on ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,! gas is c>ri$ up to ! tr5*es compress$ 9 /eel cyl9d]s4 ,^! are dug 9 at ! bottom ( ! tr5* & connect$ ) pipes lead+ out ov] ! p>apet4 ,:5 ! valves ( ! cyl9d]s are op5$1 ! gas escapes ) a hiss+ s\nd1 :i*1 on a /ill night1 c frequ5tly be he>d at a consid]able di/ance4 ,x mixes ) ! air & is c>ri$ by ! w9d t[>ds ! oppos+ tr5*es1 spread+ out z x goes =w>d4 ,a cont9u\s wave ( gas & air is ?us =m$1 ! color ( :i* may v>y3 7a7 ,because ( ! wea!r conditions4 ,9 v dry air x may be almo/ transp>5t & slightly gre5i% 9 color1 :ile 9 damp wea!r x =ms a :ite cl\d4 7b7 ,because x may be mix$ ) smoke ( any color4 ,a cl\d attack c only take place :5 !re is a /eady b n too /rong w9d bl[+ f ! enemy's l9es t[>ds our own4 ,a w9d betwe5 #d & #h miles an h\r is ! mo/ likely condition4 ,an #h-mile w9d w c>ry ! gas cl\d twice z quickly z a man walks rapidly4 ,gas attacks may occur at any "t ( ! day1 b are mo/ likely to be made dur+ ! night or 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,g5tle ra9 is )\t appreciable effect on a gas attack1 b /rong ra9 wa%es d[n ! gas4 ,fogs h h>dly any effect & may1 9 fact1 be tak5 advantage ( to make an attack unexpect$ly4 ,wat] c\rses & ponds are no ob/ruction to a gas cl\d4 ,! gas us$ by ! enemy is g5]ally a mixture ( *lor9e & phosg5e1 bo? ( :i* are /rongly asphyxiat+4 ,! gases are heavi] ?an air1 & !re=e1 t5d to fl[ along ! gr\nd & into tr5*es1 %elt]s1 crat]s & holl[s4 ,! gas cl\d may fl[ r\nd slight em95ces1 ?us leav+ pat*es ( c\ntry :i* rema9 free f gas4 ,*lor9e & phosg5e /rongly attack ! muc\s membranes ( ! respiratory organs1 caus+ bad c\gh+4 ,9 /rong conc5trations ( gas1 or by long] exposure to l[ conc5trations1 ! lungs are injur$ & brea?+ becomes m & m difficult & ev5tually impossible1 s t ! unprotect$ man dies ( suffocation4 ,dea? is sometimes caus$ by two or ?ree brea?s ( ! gas4 ,ev5 :5 v dilute1 *lor9e c be recogniz$ by its peculi> smell1 :i* is l *loride ( lime1 b /rong] & m irritat+4 ,bo? *lor9e & phosg5e also ex]t a /rongly corrosive action on metals1 s t ! metal p>ts ( arms mu/ be c>efully protect$ by greas+ !m4 ,! spe$ ) :i* ! gas cl\d approa*es dep5ds entirely on ! w9d velocity4 ,gas attacks h be5 made ) w9d velocities v>y+ f #c to #bj miles p] h\r1 i4e41 f #a-a_/b to #aj y>ds p] second4 ,9 a #i-mile w9d1 ! gas w\ld rea* tr5*es #ajj y>ds di/ant 9 #bj seconds4 ,gas attacks h be5 made on fronts v>y+ f #a to #e miles2 _! effects at po9ts up to #h miles beh9d ! front tr5*es h be5 suffici5tly sev]e to make x necess>y to we> helmets4 7#b7 ,,gas ,,projectiles3 ,! use ( ^! is n entirely dep5d5t on ! direction ( ! w9d4 ,9 gas projectiles su* z %ells1 h& gr5ades1 & tr5* mort> bombs1 a "p or ! :ole ( ! explosive *>ge is replac$ by a liquid :i* is conv]t$ into gas by ! explosion4 ,! explosive =ce & noise ( detonation ( ^! projectiles is less ?an t ( ! ord9>y k9d1 & a l>ge numb] ( !m are usually dis*>g$ into a comp>atively small space4 ,aft] ! explosion1 ! irritant *emicals =m a small gas cl\d1 ?\gh "s may s9k to ! gr\nd & rema9 active = a consid]able "t4 ,= us+ gas %ells1 ! be/ condition is calm1 or a w9d ( l[ velocity4 ,gas projectiles c be us$ 9 all types ( c\ntry4 ,woods1 bu%es1 corn fields & clumps ( build+s may hold ! gas active = a consid]able "t4 ,two k9ds ( %ell gases are us$ by ! enemy1 viz41 la*rymators1 :i* ma9ly affect ! eyes1 & poison gases1 :i* may affect ! eyes & are j z deadly z ! gases us$ 9 ! =m ( cl\ds4 7#a7 ,,te>1 ,,or ,,la*rymatory ,,%ells3 ,^! %ells on explosion drive ! liquid *emical :i* !y conta9 into ! air z a mi/4 ,!y cause ! eyes to wat] /rongly & !reby gradually put m5 out ( action4 ,_! actual smell may be slight4 ,l>ge conc5trations ( la*rymators beg9 to affect ! lungs & cause sickness1 c\gh+ & g5]al irritation4 7#b7 ,,poison ,,%ells3 ,besides ! comp>atively h>mless la*rymators ! enemy also uses projectiles :i* conta9 a gas1 ! action ( :i* is v simil> to t ( phosg5e4 ,because ( _! slight detonation1 ^! %ells are liable to be mi/ak5 = bl9ds1 b !y emit l>ge quantities ( a gas :i* attacks ! lungs /rongly & is v dang]\s1 & ev5 9 slight cases may cause s]i\s aft] effects4 7#c7 ,,smoke3 ,! enemy may make use ( smoke1 ei!r 9 ! =m ( a cl\d or emitt$ f %ells & bombs4 ,smoke may be us$ ) gas or betwe5 gas cl\ds2 x may also be us$ alone to di/ract att5tion f a real dis*>ge ( gas1 to cov] ! advance ( infantry1 or m]ely z a false gas attack4 7#d7 ,,m9e ,,& ,,explosion ,,gases3 ,! poison\s gases :i* occur 9 m9es1 & :i* are =m$ 9 l>ge quantities :5 high explosive goes (f 9 an enclos$ space1 e4g41 f a direct hit 9 a %elt]1 or on ! explosion ( a *>ge 9 a m9e1 are n protect$ aga9/ by ! ord9>y anti-gas appliances4 ,! *ief ( ^! gases is c>bon monoxide4 ,protection aga9/ su* gases w n be consid]$ 9 ^! notes4 ,(fic]s are held responsible t all ! anti-gas appliances = protect+ _! m5 are ma9ta9$ 9 p]fect condition1 & t all ranks "u _! comm& are ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ! use ( ^! appliances & 9 all o!r measures :i* may affect _! safety aga9/ gas4 ,summ>y ( ,protective ,measures3 7a7 ,provision to ea* man ( individual protective devices4 7b7 ,arrangem5t = ! inspection ( ^? appliances & tra9+ 9 _! use & in/ruction 9 all o!r measures ( gas def5se4 7c7 ,provision ( protect$ & gas-pro( %elt]s4 7d7 ,wea!r obs]vations to det]m9e p]iods :5 ! conditions are favorable to a ho/ile gas attack4 7e7 ,arrangem5t ( signals & messages2 = imm$iate w>n+ ( a gas attack4 7f7 ,provision ( appliances = cle>+ gas f tr5*es & %elt]s4 ,c4 ,protection ( ,%elt]s3 7#a7 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,protection3 ,protection ( dug\ts1 cell>s1 build+s1 etc41 is giv5 if all entrances are clos$ by well-fitt+ doors or by blankets spray$ ) hypo4 solution4 ,practically no gas passes ?r\gh a wet blanket1 & ! protection dep5ds on gett+ a good jo9t at ! sides & bottom ( a doorway1 s z to /op all draughts4 ,?is c be effect$ by lett+ ! blanket re/ on batt5s1 fix$ ) a slight slope1 aga9/ ! door frame4 ,! blanket %\ld ov]lap ! out] sides & a fold %\ld lie on ! gr\nd at ! bottom4 ,a pole is fa/5$ to ! blanket1 :i* all[s ! latt] to be roll$ up on ! frame & causes x to fall ev5ly4 ,:]ev] possible1 p>ticul>ly :]e !re is likely to be movem5t 9 & out ( ! %elt]1 two blankets fitt$ 9 ?is way b slop+ 9 opposite directions %\ld be provid$4 ,!re %\ld be an int]val ( at lea/ ?ree feet betwe5 ! two frames1 & ! l>g] ?is ve/ibule is made ! m effici5t is ! dug\t4 ,:5 n 9 use1 ! blankets %\ld be roll$ up & held s t !y c be readily releas$1 & %\ld be spray$ occasionally ) wat] or a little ,v]morel spray] solution4 ,if ! blankets became /iff f a deposit ( *emicals1 !y %\ld be spray$ ) wat]4 ,all ranks mu/ be taught h[ to use gas-pro( dug\ts1 e4g41 h[ to ent] a protect$ doorway quickly1 replac+ ! blanket imm$iately1 & c>ry+ 9 z little outside air z possible4 ,! protection af=d$ by ^! means is j z complete aga9/ la*rymatory gases z x is aga9/ cl\d gas & poison\s %ell gases4 7#b7 ,,%elt]s ,,:i* ,,%\ld ,,be ,,protect$3 ,! foll[+ %\ld always be protect$3 ,m$ical aid po/s & advanc$ dress+ /ations2 ,company1 ,battalion & ,brigade ,headqu>t]s2 signal %elt]s & any o!r place :]e "w has to be c>ri$ out dur+ a gas attack4 ,9 addition to ! above1 x is desirable to protect all dug\ts1 cell>s & build+s )9 ! %ell area1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( artill]y p]sonnel4 ,x %\ld be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! protection ( dug\ts = troops 9 ! front l9e ( tr5*es is usually inadvisable on acc\nt ( ! delay involv$ 9 gett+ m5 out 9 "t ( attack4 ,x is desirable to protect /ret*] be>]s' dug\ts ) a view to putt+ casualties 9 !m4 ,d4 ,protection ( ,weapons & ,equipm5t3 ,arms & ammunition & ! metal p>ts ( special equipm5t 7e4g41 telephone in/rum5ts7 mu/ be c>efully protect$ aga9/ gas by greas+ !m or keep+ !m completely cov]$4 ,o!rwise1 p>ticul>ly 9 damp wea!r1 !y may ru/ or corrode s badly z to refuse to act4 ,a m9]al oil mu/ be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! foll[+ 9 p>ticul> %\ld be protect$3 7#a7 ,,small ,,arms ,,& ,s4,a4,a4 ,ma*9e guns & rifles mu/ be kept c>efully clean$ & well oil$4 ,! effects ( corrosion ( ammunition are ( ev5 m importance ?an ! direct effects ( gas ^u ma*9e guns & rifles4 ,ammunition boxes mu/ be kept clos$4 ,vick]s belts %\ld be kept 9 _! boxes until actually requir$ = use4 ,! wood5 belt boxes are fairly gas-tight1 b ! metal belt boxes %\ld be made gas-tight by ins]t+ /rips ( flannelette 9 ! jo9t betwe5 ! lid & ! box4 ,lewis magaz9es %\ld be kept 9 "s =m ( box1 ! jo9ts ( :i* are made z gas-tight z possible ) flannelette4 ,a recess %\ld be made1 high up 9 ! p>apet if possible1 = /or+ ammunition & guns4 ,a blanket curta91 moi/5$ ) wat] or spray] solution1 w greatly assi/ 9 keep+ ! gas out4 7#b7 ,,h& ,,& ,,rifle ,,gr5ades3 ,unbox$ gr5ades %\ld be kept cov]$ z f> z possible4 ,all safety p9s & work+ p>ts1 especially ^? made ( brass1 %\ld be kept oil$ to prev5t _! sett+ f corrosion by ! gas4 7#c7 ,,light ,,tr5* ,,mort>s ,,& ,,_! ,,ammunition3 ,z f> z ! supply ( oil p]mits1 ! bore & all bright p>ts ( light tr5* mort>s & _! sp>e p>ts %\ld be kept p]man5tly oil$4 ,:5 n 9 use1 mort>s %\ld be cov]$ ) sack+ or simil> mat]ial4 ,unbox$ ammunition %\ld be kept cov]$ z f> z possible & ! bright p>ts oil$ imm$iately aft] arrival4 ,ammunition :i* has be5 9 /ore = "s "t %\ld be us$ up fir/4 ,s5tries mu/ be prep>$ to give ! al>m on ! fir/ appe>ance ( gas1 z a few seconds delay may involve v s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,signals mu/ be pass$ along by all s5tries z soon z he>d4 ,! e>lie/ w>n+ ( a gas attack is giv53 7a7 ,by ! noise ( ! gas escap+ f ! cyl9d]s4 7b7 ,by ! appe>ance ( a cl\d ( any color ov] ! enemy's tr5*es4 ,if ! attack takes place at night1 ! cl\d w n be visible f a di/ance4 7c7 ,by ! smell ( ! gas 9 li/5+ po/s4 7#a7 ,,action ,,to ,,be ,,tak5 ,,9 ,,! ,,tr5*es ,,on ,,gas ,,al>m3 7a7 ,respirators to be put on imm$iately by all ranks 7a helmet1 if no box respirator is available74 7b7 ,r\se all m5 9 tr5*es1 dug-outs & m9e %afts1 w>n (fic]s & artill]y obs]vation po/s & all employ$ m54 7c7 ,artill]y support to be call$ = by company comm&]s by means ( pre>rang$ signals4 7d7 ,w>n battalion headqu>t]s & troops 9 re>4 7e7 ,all ranks /& to arms 9 ! front tr5*es & else:]e :]e ! tactical situation dem&s4 7f7 ,blanket curta9s at entrances to protect$ %elt]s to be let d[n & c>efully fix$4 7g7 ,movem5t to cease except :]e necess>y4 7#b7 ,,action ,,to ,,be ,,tak5 ,,9 ,,billets ,,& ,,back ,,areas3 7a7 ,all m5 9 cell>s or h\ses to be r\s$4 7b7 ,! blanket curta9s ( protect$ coll>s1 etc41 to be let d[n & fix$ 9 position4 7c7 ,box respirators to be put on imm$iately1 ! gas is app>5t4 ,h4 ,action ,dur+ a ,gas ,attack3 7#a7 ,,protective ,,measures3 ,!re %\ld be z little mov+ ab\t & talk+ z possible 9 ! tr5*es4 ,m5 mu/ be made to realize t ) ! gas n[ us$ by ! enemy1 obs]vance ( ?is may be ess5tial = _! safety4 ,:5 an attack is 9 progress1 all bodies ( troops or transport on ! move %\ld halt & all work+ p>ties cease "w until ! gas cl\d has pass$4 ,if a relief is go+ on1 units %\ld /& fa/ z f> z possible until ! gas cl\d has pass$4 ,supports & p>ties br++ up bombs %\ld only be mov$ up if ! tactical situation dem&s x4 ,if troops 9 support or res]ve l9es ( tr5*es rema9 91 or g into1 dug-outs1 !y mu/ cont9ue to we> _! anti-gas appliances4 ,(fic]s & ,n4,c4,o's mu/ on no acc\nt remove or op5 up ! masks ( ! box respirators or raise _! helmets to give ord]s4 ,! brea?+ tube may be remov$ f ! m\? :5 x is necess>y to speak1 b x mu/ be replac$4 ,m5 mu/ always be on ! look-out to help ea* o!r 9 case an anti-gas device is damag$ by fire or accid5t4 ,:5 a man is w\nd$1 he mu/ be wat*$ to see t he does n remove 8 respirator or helmet until he is safely inside a protect$ %elt]2 if necess>y1 8 h&s %\ld be ti$4 ,m5 mu/ be w>n$ t if !y are slightly gass$ be=e adju/+ _! respirators or helmets !y mu/ n remove !m4 ,! effect w we> (f4 7#b7 ,,tactical ,,measures3 ,f ! po9t ( view ( protection aga9/ gas1 no?+ is ga9$ by m5 rema9+ 9 unprotect$ dug-outs or by mov+ to a flank or to ! re>4 ,x is1 !re=e1 desirable t on tactical & discipl9>y gr\nds all m5 9 ! front l9e ( tr5*es %\ld be =bidd5 to d ^! ?+s4 ,9 support or res]ve l9es :]e !re are protect$ dug-outs1 x is advisable = m5 to /ay 9 !m unless ! tactical situation makes x desirable = !m to come out4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by op5+ rapid rifle fire unless ! enemy's infantry attacks4 ,a sl[ rate ( fire f rifles & occasional %ort bur/s ( fire f ma*9e guns w less5 ! *ance ( _! jamm+ f ! action ( ! gas & t5ds to occupy & /eady ! infantry4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! enemy's infantry _c attack :ile ! gas dis*>ge is 9 progress & is unlikely to d s = an appreciable "t--at lea/ #aj m9utes--aft] x has ceas$4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a common practice = ! enemy infantry to retire to ! second & ?ird l9e ( tr5* :il/ gas is be+ dis*>g$4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no object 9 op5+ an int5se ,s4,o4,s4 b>rage ( artill]y on ,no man's l& dur+ ! actual gas cl\d & x is advisable t ! w>n+ to ! artill]y ( a gas attack %\ld be a signal diff]+ f ! ord9>y ,s4,o4,s4 signal1 z ! latt] may h to be s5t lat] if an infantry attack develops4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t smoke may be us$ by ! enemy at ! same "t z1 or alt]nately )1 ! gas & t "u cov] ( a smoke cl\d he may s5d out assault+ or raid+ p>ties4 ,a c>eful look-out mu/1 !re=e1 be kept2 ho/ile patrols or raid]s may be fru/rat$ by cross-fire ( rifles & ma*9e guns & %\ld an assault develop ! ord9>y ,s4,o4,s4 proc$ure %\ld be c>ri$ out4 ,i4 ,precautions ,aga9/ ,gas ,%ells3 ,ow+ to ! small explosion :i* occurs ) ^! %ells1 !y are liable to be mi/ak5 = bl9ds1 & ev5 :5 ! gas is smelt m5 may n realize its possibly dang]\s "* at once & s may delay putt+ on respirators or helmets until too late4 ,m5 sleep+ 9 dug-outs may be s]i\sly affect$ unless !y are r\s$4 ,m5 9 ! op5 air are unlikely to be s]i\sly affect$ by poison gas %ells1 provid$ !y put on respirators or helmets on fir/ exp]i5c+ ! gas4 ,! foll[+ po9ts %\ld !re=e be att5d$ to3 7i7 ,all %ells :i* explode ) a small detonation or appe> to be bl9d %\ld be reg>d$ ) p>ticul> att5tion2 ! respirator or helmet %\ld be put on at ! fir/ indication ( gas & blanket protection ( %elt]s adju/$4 7ii7 ,arrangem5ts mu/ be made = giv+ a ,local al>m 9 ! ev5t ( a sudd5 & int5se bomb>dm5t ) poison gas %ells1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ?is al>m is n confus$ ) ! ma9 al>m4 ,/rombos horns mu/ on no acc\nt be us$ to give w>n+ ( a gas %ell bomb>dm5t4 7iii7 ,all %elt]s 9 ! vic9ity ( an area bomb>d$ ) poison gas %ells mu/ be visit$ & any sleep+ m5 r\s$4 7iv47 ,box respirators or helmets %\ld cont9ue to be worn ?r\gh\t ! area bomb>d$ ) poison gas %ells until ! ord] is giv5 by ! local unit ,comm&] = _! removal4 ,la*rymatory or te> %ells are frequ5tly us$ by ! enemy = ! purpose ( h9d]+ ! movem5ts ( troops1 = prev5t+ ! br++ up ( supports1 or = int]f]+ ) ! action ( artill]y4 ,ow+ to ! deadly nature ( poison gas %ells1 h[ev]1 ! precautions giv5 9 p>agraph #fj above1 mu/ be tak5 = all gas %ells4 ,! goggles are int5d$ = use aft] la*rymatory bomb>dm5ts only1 9 cases :]e ! irritant gas p]si/s 9 ! neighborhood4 ,k4 ,action ,subsequ5t to a ,gas ,attack3 #a4 ,,g5]al3 ,! mo/ important measure to be tak5 aft] a cl\d gas attack is to prep>e = a fur!r attack4 ,! enemy frequ5tly s5ds sev]al successive waves ( gas at int]vals v>y+ f a few m9utes up to sev]al h\rs & x is !re=e necess>y to be on ! al]t to combat ?is proc$ure4 ,! foll[+ measures %\ld be adopt$ z soon z ! gas cl\d has pass$3 7a7 ,removal ( respirators4--,anti-gas fans %\ld be us$ to assi/ 9 cle>+ ! tr5*es ( gas1 s z to admit ( respirators be+ remov$4 ,respirators & helmets mu/ n be remov$ until p]mission has be5 giv5 by ! ,company ,comm&]4 ,a %>p look out mu/ be kept = a repetition ( ! gas attack1 z long z ! w9d cont9ues 9 a dang]\s qu>t]4 #b4 ,,movem5t3 ,ow+ to ! enemy gas sometimes caus+ bad aft] effects1 :i* are int5sifi$ by subsequ5t ex]tion1 ! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be att5d$ to3 7a7 ,no man suff]+ f ! effects ( gas1 h[ev] slightly1 %\ld be all[$ to walk to ! dress+ /ation4 7b7 ,! cle>+ ( ! tr5*es & dug\ts %\ld n be c>ri$ out by m5 :o h be5 affect$ by ! gas4 7c7 ,aft] a gas attack1 troops 9 ! front tr5*es %\ld be reliev$ ( all fatigue & c>ry+ "w = #bd h\rs by s5d+ up work+ p>ties f companies 9 re>4 7d7 ,horses :i* h be5 expos$ to ! gas %\ld n be work$ = #bd h\rs if x c be avoid$4 #c4 ,,cle>+ ,,dug\ts ,,& ,,o!r ,,%elt]s3 ,x is ess5tial t no dug\t be ent]$ aft] a gas attack ev5t ) box respirators or helmets adju/$1 until x has be5 asc]ta9$ t x is free f gas4 ,! only effici5t me?od ( cle>+ dug\ts f gas is by ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,! old] me?od ( spray+ is n effici5t4 ,an appreciable quantity ( gas may be reta9$ 9 ! clo?+ ( m5 expos$ to gas attacks & also 9 b$d+1 coats1 etc41 left 9 %elt]s4 ,precaution %\ld1 !re=e1 be tak5 to air all clo?+4 #d4 ,,v5tilation3 ,natural ,v5tilation4--,unless a %elt] has be5 ?or\ghly v5tilat$ by artificial means1 z describ$ bel[1 x mu/ n be slept 9 or occupi$ )\t we>+ respirators1 until at lea/ #ab h\rs aft] a gas attack4 ,x mu/ n be ent]$ at all )\t respirators on = at lea/ #c h\rs4 ,! above ref]s to cl\d gas attacks4 ,9 ! case ( gas %ell bomb>dm5ts ! times _c be def9itely /at$1 z !y dep5d on ! nature ( ! gas us$ & ! sev]ity ( ! bomb>dm5t4 ,) la*rymatory gases ! times aft] :i* %elt]s c be us$ )\t discom=t may be consid]ably long] ?an ^? m5tion$ above4 ,v5tilation by ,fire4--,all k9ds ( %elt]s c be effici5tly & rapidly cle>$ ( gas by ! use ( fires4 ,%elt]s ) two op5+s are ! easie/ to v5tilate & :]e possible1 dug\ts ) only "o entrance %\ld h a second op5+ made1 ev5 a v small "o1 to assi/ 9 v5tilation4 ,9 dug\ts provid$ ) a s+le exit at ! end ( a %ort passage1 ! be/ results are obta9$ if ! fire is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! floor ( ! dug\t & at a height ( ab\t #i in*es4 ,9 dug\ts provid$ ) a s+le exit at ! end ( a long & ne>ly horizontal passage1 ! be/ results are obta9$ if ! fire is plac$ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f ! inn] end ( ! passage4 ,9 dug\ts provid$ ) two or m exits1 ! fire %\ld be plac$ at ! inn] end ( "o ( ! exit passages4 ,9 g5]al1 #a p\nd ( dry wood p] #bjj cubic feet ( air space is suffici5t = cle>ance ( any gas4 ,! be/ fuel is split wood1 b any fuel :i* does n sm\ld] or give (f ?ick smoke c be us$4 ,! mat]ials = ! fire1 e4g41 ! split wood1 newspap]1 & a small bottle ( p>aff9e = light+ purposes1 %\ld be kept 9 a s& bag1 enclos$ 9 a biscuit t9 provid$ ) a lid4 ,an improvis$ brazi] %\ld be kept ready = use4 ,! fire mu/ be kept burn+ = at lea/ t5 m9utes & ! atmosph]e 9 ! %elt] %\ld be te/$ f "t to "t4 ,v5tilation by ,fann+4--,dug\ts c be v5tilat$ by produc+ air curr5ts 9 !m by means ( special anti-gas fans4 ,if no anti-gas fans are available1 v5tilation c be assi/$ by flapp+ ) improvis$ fans su* z s& bags1 gr\nd %eets1 etc4 #e4 ,,clean+ ,,( ,,arms ,,& ,,ammunition3 ,rifles & ma*9e guns mu/ be clean$ aft] a gas attack & !n re-oil$4 ,oil clean+ w prev5t corrosion = #ab h\rs or m1 b ! fir/ available opportunity mu/ be tak5 to dismantle ma*9e guns & clean all p>ts 9 boil+ wat] conta9+ a little soda4 ,if ?is is n done1 corrosion cont9ues sl[ly ev5 aft] oil clean+ & may ultimately put ! gun out ( action4 ,aft] a gas attack1 ,s4,a4,a4 %\ld be c>efully exam9$4 ,all r\nds affect$ by gas mu/ be replac$ by new c>tridges imm$iately & ! old ones clean$ & exp5d$ z soon z possible4 ,all h& & rifle gr5ades expos$ to ! gas %\ld h _! safety-p9s & work+ p>ts clean$ & re-oil$4 ,all bright p>ts ( light tr5* mort>s1 toge!r ) all accessories & sp>e p>ts expos$ to ! gas1 mu/ be clean$ & wip$ dry z soon z possible aft] ! attack & 9 any case )9 #bd h\rs1 aft] :i* !y %\ld be ?or\ghly coat$ afre% ) oil4 ,! same applies to ammunition :i* may h be5 expos$ to ! gas4 ,ammunition :i*1 = any reason1 _h n be5 oil$1 mu/ be clean$ & oil$ & exp5d$ z soon z possible4 ,= details reg>d+ ! clean+ ( guns & artill]y ammunition & signal equipm5t1 see p>agraphs #aaf & #abc4 #f4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,%ell ,,holes3 ,9 ! neighborhood ( %elt]s or batt]y positions :]e gas f %ell holes is caus+ annoyance1 ! holes & ! gr\nd r\nd !m %\ld be cov]$ ) at lea/ a foot ( fre% e>?4 ,%ell holes s treat$ %\ld n be di/urb$1 z ! *emical is n !reby de/roy$ & only disappe>s sl[ly4 ,concealm5t ,f ,a]ial ,obs]v]s4 ,a4 #a4 ,an a]oplane _c conduct reconnaissance at a height ( less ?an #e1jjj feet )\t be+ )9 easy range ( anti-aircraft artill]y2 nor ( less ?an #b1jjj feet )\t com+ into range ( ma*9e-gun & rifle fire4 #b4 ,to be obs]v$ f su* heights1 objects on ! gr\nd mu/ be di/+ui%$ by3 7a7 ,motion4 7b7 ,color contra/4 7c7 ,l9e contra/1 or 7d7 ,%ad[s4 ,b4 ,concealm5t3 #a4 7a7 ,on w>n+ ( ho/ile aircraft1 troops on ! m>* %\ld )draw to ! side ( ! road 7if possible1 into %ade71 or lie d[n flat 9 ! road & rema9 motionless4 7b7 ,if x is necess>y to cont9ue ! m>*1 ?is %\ld be done 9 brok5 deta*m5ts1 :i* are f> less di/9ct ?an cont9u\s column4 7c7 ,troops 9 a tr5* %\ld cr\* d[n 9 ! %ad[y side & rema9 motionless4 7d7 ,faces %\ld nev] be turn$ up1 z ! high lights on *eek-bones & =eheads !n %[ up di/9ctly4 7e7 ,bright metal on arms1 equipm5t & headge> mu/ be kept cov]$4 #b4 ,artill]y wagon-tra9s1 etc41 %\ld if possible be halt$ promptly on w>n+4 ,:5 halt$1 _! neutral color+ protects !m4 #c4 ,tr5*es are be/ conceal$3 7a7 ,by avoid+1 9 con/ruction1 a too regul> outl9e1 & foll[+ z f> z possible ! cont\rs ( ! gr\nd4 7b7 ,by color+ ! p>apet & p>ados to mat* ! gr\nd4 ,?is may be done mo/ quickly by pa9t$ canvas2 if ! latt] is n available1 by plant+ or /rew+ ! loose e>? ) surr\nd+ h]bage4 ,9 ?is "w c>e mu/ be tak5 n to make ! cov]+ itself too conspicu\s by brightness or monotony ( color+4 7c7 ,by cov]+ ! tr5* itself1 :]e conv5i5t1 ) a ?9 mat]ial1 color$ l ! p>apet & p>ados4 7d7 ,by avoid+ all ov]t movem5t ( troops 9 ! tr5*es "u obs]vation4 #d4 ,build+s1 e4g41 ammunition dumps1 hang>s1 etc41 c be completely conceal$ by be+ pa9t$ ! color ( ! gr\nd !y /& on & fitt$ ) canvas curta9s1 simil>ly pa9t$ & /ret*$ f ! eaves to ! gr\nd at a horizontal angle ( #ce degrees4 ,^! curta9s completely elim9ate %ad[s4 #e4 ,success 9 ea* "w ( concealm5t by cam\flage is be/ assur$ by ! assi/ance ( an a]oplane obs]v] to te/ & correct x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ord]s ,gov]n+ ,intr5*m5t ,problems at ,second ,plattsburg ,tra9+ ,camp4 ,,headqu>t]s ,,plattsburg ,,tra9+ ,,camp1 ,,plattsburg ,,b>racks1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,septemb] #bb1 #aiag4 ,,divisional ,,entr5*+ ,,problem4 ,g5]al ,situation3 ,! ,salmon riv] =ms ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 two /ates1 ! ,blue on ! nor? & ! ,r$ on ! s\?4 ,w> has be5 decl>$ & ! ,r$ ,army is mobiliz+ ne> ,keeseville4 ,mobilization by ! fir/ ,blue ,army at ,plattsburg has be5 complet$4 ,special ,situation1 ,blue3 ,our advanc$ troops are hold+ ! l9e ( ! ,salmon riv] aga9/ /rong deta*m5ts ( ! ,r$ ,army4 ,! comm&+ g5]al ( ! ,blue ,army has decid$ to e/abli% a second position on ! l9e1 ,bluff ,po9t to ! b5d 7#bdh7 9 ! ,s>anac riv]4 ,! foll[+ ord] is issu$ by ! ,division ,comm&]3 ,,headqu>t]s1 #aja/ ,div41 ,,plattsburg1 ,n4,y4 #bc ,sept41 '#ag1 #i3jj ,a4,m4 ,,field ,,ord]s1 ,no4 #a4 #a4 ,our advanc$ troops are hold+ ! l9e ( ! ,salmon riv]4 #b4 ,?is division & #a ,brigade #ajb ,division w entr5* along ! l9e3 ,bluff ,po9t--,*ateaugay ,bran* ,railroad--,s>anac ,riv] 7#bdh74 #c4 7a7 ,! ,*ief ( ,artill]y w prep>e ! positions1 & l9es ( communication = 8 ,brigade1 det]m9e 8 sectors1 & submit 8 plan ( action4 7b7 ,! #a/ ,brig4 & #b ,bns4 #bfg? ,inf4 w entr5* ! sector1 ,s>anac ,riv] 7#bdh7 to ,s& ,road1 exclusive4 ,! #bnd ,brig4 w entr5* ! sector ,s& ,road to ,bluff ,po9t1 bo? inclusive4 ,! supports w entr5* on ! l9e1 ,s>anac ,riv] 7#ahb7--;,cliff ,hav54 7c7 ,! ,res]ve--#a ,brig4 #ajb ,div4 less #b ,bns41 w con/ruct cross+s on ! ,s>anac ,riv]--"u direction ( ! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s1 & prep>e !m = def5se4 7d7 ,! ,*ief ( ,eng9e]s w supply tools = entr5*+ & lay out ! l9es ( entr5*m5ts4 ,he w repair ! foll[+ trunk roads3 ,p]u ,road1 ,s& ,road1 ,lake-,%ore ,road2 & con/ruct a transv]se trunk l9e road f ,pulp ,mill to ,o',connell's ,f>m1 & ! necess>y tram l9es4 ,! ,eng9e] ,depot = /ores & mat]ial w be e/abli%$ at ,plattsburg ,b>racks4 7e7 ,! ,*ief ,signal ,(fic] w e/abli% necess>y l9es ( communication1 utiliz+ equipm5t at ,plattsburg ,b>racks1 ,c5tral ,/ation4 ,a]o ,squadron at ,*azy4 #d4 7a7 ,! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] w e/abli% 8 dress+ /ations 9 ! ,butts ( ! rifle range & 9 rav9e on ,o',connell's ,f>m4 ,a field hospital w be e/abli%$ at ! ,lozi] ,works4 7b7 ,ammunition tra9 & supply tra9 w be p>k$ 9 ! ,fair ,gr\nd4 ,ammunition di/ribut+ /ations at railroad spurs1 ,plattsburg ,b>racks1 & ,o',connell's ,f>m4 ,! ,division ,ordnance ,(fic] w locate ! ,ammunition ,dumps along transv]se trunk l9e road4 7c7 ,field tra9s1 until fur!r ord]s1 at nor? end ( ,plattsburg ,b>racks ,res]vation4 ,di/ribut+ po9t1 ,plattsburg ,railroad ,/ation--,regim5tal ,supply ,/ations3 ,s>anac ,riv] #ahb2 int]section ,p]u ,road & ,rifle ,range ,road1 ,s& ,hole 9 ,rifle ,range1 ,s& ,road on ,o',connell's ,f>m1 ,rav9e on ,o',connell's ,f>m4 7d7 ,! comm&] ( tra9s w e/abli% traffic regulations = all roads4 #e4 ,messages to ,/ati/ical ,(fice4 ,,wolf1 ,major ,g5]al4 ,(ficial copy3 ,j4,a4 ,,ba]1 ,g5l4 ,/aff1 ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,copies to3 ,brig4 & ,regt4 ,comm&]s4 ,c4 ( ,e4 ,div4 ,q4,m4 ,c4,s4,o4 ,c4,m4,o4 ,div4 ,o4,o4 ,c4 ( ,tr4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,headqu>t]s1 #a,,/ ,,brigade1 #aja,,/ ,,division1 ,,plattsburg ,,b>racks1 ,n4,y4 #bc,,rd ,,sept41 #aiag1 #f ,p4,m4 ,,field ,,ord]s ,no4 #a4 #a4 ,/rong deta*m5ts ( ! ,r$ ,army1 n[ mobiliz+ at ,keeseville1 are s\? ( ! ,salmon ,riv]4 ,our advance troops are hold+ ! l9e ( ! ,salmon ,riv]4 #b4 ,our division & "o brigade1 #ajbnd ,division1 w entr5* & occupy ! l9e ,bluff ,po9t-,*ateaugay ,bran* 7,d4 ,h4,r4,r471 ,s>anac ,riv] 7#bdh74 ,?is brigade1 re9=c$ by two ,battalions1 #bfg? ,infantry1 w entr5* & occupy ! sector1 ,s>anac ,riv] 7#bdh71 ,s& ,road1 exclusive4 #c4 7a7 ,! #a/ & #bnd ,battalions1 #bfg? infantry w entr5* & occupy ! sector f ! ,s>anac ,riv] to a po9t #fjj y>ds ea/4 7b7 ,! #bff? ,infantry1 ! sector f a po9t #fjj y>ds ea/ ( ! ,s>anac ,riv]1 connect+ ) ! tr5*es ( ! #bfg? ,infantry1 to a po9t #ajj y>ds ea/ ( ,p]u ,road4 7c7 ,! #bfe? ,infantry1 ! sector f a po9t #ajj y>ds ea/ ( ! ,p]u ,road1 & connect+ ) ! tr5*es ( ! #bff? ,infantry1 to ! ,s& ,road exclusive4 7d7 ,! ,brigade ,ma*9e ,gun ,battalion w organize & ma9ta9 /rong po9ts along l9e regim5tal res]ves4 ,! ,c4,o4 ( ?is organization w1 at once1 consult ) ! regim5tal comm&]s relative to prep>ation ( ma*9e gun emplacem5ts & probable ne$ = re-en=cem5ts )9 _! respective sectors4 7e7 ,! ,brigade ,signalm5 w e/abli% telephonic communications betwe5 ,brigade & ,regim5tal ,headqu>t]s4 #d4 7a7 ,! regim5tal comm&]s & s5ior (fic]s ( ! two battalions1 #bfg? ,infantry1 w at once report to ! ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,division = plan ( entr5*m5ts 9 _! respective sectors4 7b7 ,tools & mat]ials = entr5*+ w be suppli$ at ! tr5* sites4 #e4 ,messages to ,brigade ,headqu>t]s ne> ,p]u ,road1 ea/ ,savoy ,hotel4 ,,goodri*1 ,brigadi] ,g5]al1 ,comm&+4 ,(ficial ,copy3 ,,wm4 ,,kirby1 ,major ( ,cavalry1 ,u4,s4,r41 ,adjutant4 ,copies to3 ,c4,o41 #bfe? ,infantry4 ,c4,o41 #bff? ,infantry4 ,c4,o41 #a/ & #bnd ,battalions1 #bfg? ,infantry4 ,c4,o41 ,brigade ,m4,g4 ,co4 ,headqu>t]s1 #aja/ ,division4 ,,headqu>t]s1 #a,,/ ,,battalion1 #bfe,,? ,,infantry ,,plattsburg ,,b>racks1 ,n4,y4 ,,oct4 #af1 #aiag4 ,,field ,,ord]s ,no4 #a4 ,blue pr9t ( tr5*es2 scale #bd in*es equals #a mile4 #a4 ,! enemy /rongly occupies a l9e ( tr5*es imm$iately ,s\? ( ! ,*ateaugay ,bran* ,railroad1 ! c5t] ( _! l9e be+ ab\t opposite ! c5t] sector ( our fir/ l9e ( tr5*1 ,s& ,road-,t>get ,range ,f5ce1 _! l9e ( tr5*es be+ )9 #ej y>ds ( ! railroad at t po9t1 & !n retir+ slightly f ! railroad to ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,! #bfd? ,infantry occupies ! section ( tr5*es directly to ! ,ea/ ( u & ! #bff? ,infantry occupies ! section ( tr5*es directly to ! ,we/ ( u4 #b4 ,?is battalion w take up a def5sive position 9 ! ne>ly complet$ l9e ( tr5*es1 ,s& ,road-,t>get ,range ,f5ce1 & z rapidly z possible complete ! tr5* sy/em 9 ! foll[+ ord] ( "w3 a4 ,deep5 all tr5*es to at lea/ ?ree feet4 b4 ,con/ruct latr9es4 c4 ,provide cov]4 d4 ,revet "w previ\sly done4 #c4 a4 ,front l9es1 i4e41 fire1 communicat+ & support tr5*es3 ,company ,b w occupy ! ,ea/ sector1 i4e41 ,s& ,road to ,belgium ,boyau1 inclusive1 includ+ ,slum ,boyau & ! sali5t at ,s\? end ,res]ve ,tr5* imm$iately 9 re> ( ,ea/ end ( ,support tr5*4 ,company ,c w occupy ! ,c5tral sector1 i4e41 f ,ea/ sector 7,belgium ,boyau1 exclusive71 to ,c>dona ,boyau1 inclusive1 includ+ ,poire ,boyau4 ,company ,a w occupy ! ,we/ sector1 i4e41 f ,c5tral sector 7,c>dona ,boyau1 exclusive71 to & includ+ sali5t ne> ,s\?we/ corn] ( ,t>get ,range ,f5ce4 b4 ,res]ve ,l9e3 ,company ,d w occupy ! l9e f ! ,t>get ,range ,f5ce on ! ,we/ to a po9t #afe y>ds ,ea/ ( ! ,v]dun ,sali5t1 "o-half ( ! ,company occupy+ ! sector1 ,t>get ,range ,f5ce1 to a po9t #ge y>ds ,ea/ ( ! ,rams ,horn ,boyau1 includ+ ,rams ,horn ,boyau1 & ! o!r half ( ! ,company occupy+ ! sector f a po9t #ge y>ds ,ea/ ( ! ,rams ,horn ,boyau to a po9t #afe y>ds ,ea/ ( ! ,v]dun ,sali5t4 c4 ,ma*9e ,guns3 ,headqu>t]s1 #a/ ,platoon & #a/ ,platoon ,ma*9e ,gun ,company1 w report to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,company ,a1 = assignm5t to ! %ell crat]s 7conv]t$7 & dug\ts 7con/ruct$ = ma*9e guns71 f\r 9 all1 9 ! ,we/ sector4 ,headqu>t]s1 #bnd ,platoon & ,?ird ,section 7#bnd ,platoon7 ,ma*9e ,gun ,company1 w report to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,company ,c1 = assignm5t to ! %ell crat] 7conv]t$71 & dug\t 7con/ruct$ = ma*9e gun71 two 9 all1 9 ! ,c5tral sector4 ,f\r? section 7#bnd ,platoon71 ,ma*9e ,gun ,company1 w report to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]1 ,company ,b1 = assignm5t to ! %ell crat] 7conv]t$71 two 9 all1 9 ! ,ea/ sector4 d4 ,tr5* ,mort>s3 ,two tr5* mort>s h be5 assign$ to ! ,c5tral sector & ! ,comm&+ (fic]1 ,company ,c1 is *>g$ ) ! con/ruction ( emplacem5ts !re= & ! mann+ ( !m4 #d4 a4 ,dress+ /ations h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,butts ( ! rifle range & 9 rav9e on ,o',connell's ,f>m4 b4 ,ammunition di/ribut+ po9ts are locat$ at ,plattsburg ,b>racks & ,o',connell's ,f>m4 c4 ,regim5tal supply /ations are locat$ at ,s>anac ,riv] 7#ahb71 int]section ,p]u ,road & ,rifle ,range ,road1 ,s& ,hole 9 ,rifle ,range1 ,s& ,road on ,o',connell's ,f>m1 & ,rav9e on ,o',connell's ,f>m4 #e4 ,battalion ,headqu>t]s are locat$ 9 dug\t 9 ,support tr5* 7,we/ ,tremont71 midway betwe5 ,rams ,horn & ,poire ,boyaux1 to :i* place messages w be s5t4 ,,bos*51 ,capta91 #ef? ,infantry1 ,comm&+4 ,copies to3 ,c4,o41 #bfe? ,infantry4 ,c4,o41 ,companies ,a1 ,b1 ,c & ,d4 ,c4,o41 ,m4,g4 ,company4 ,c4,o41 ,headqu>t]s ,company4 ,r4,s4,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hdqtrs4 #a,,/ ,,batt41 #bfe,,? ,,infty41 ,,plattsburg ,,bcks41 ,n4,y41 ,oct4 #ag1 #aiag4 ,,field ,,ord]s ,no4 #b #a4 ,,dispositions3 a4 ,! assignm5t ( companies to sectors is z ann\nc$ 9 ,field ,ord]s ,no4 #a1 ^! headqu>t]s4 b4 ,company comm&]s are *>g$ ) ! details ( occupation ( ! tr5*es & ! prop] disposition ( ! speciali/s 7bomb]s1 gr5adi]s1 auto-riflem51 etc471 direct+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! active & passive areas ( _! sectors4 #b4 ,,fields ,,( ,,fire3 ,company comm&]s mu/ arrange = & obta9 ! be/ fields ( fire 9 _! own sectors1 & provide = protection ( visible areas 9 adjo9+ sectors by lat]al fire4 #c4 ,,improvem5ts ,,or ,,*anges ,,9 ,,tr5*es3 ,company comm&]s be=e mak+ any *anges or improvem5ts 9 tr5*es w r5d] to battalion headqu>t]s brief recomm5dations ( *anges desir$4 ,^! recomm5dations w be submitt$ at #aa4jj a4m4 & #c4jj p4m41 aft] :i* h\rs ! battalion comm&] w inspect & if deem$ necess>y w be ord]$4 #d4 ,,organization ,,= ,,wat*+ ,,& ,,obs]vation3 a4 ,ea* company comm&] w organize a sy/em = wat*+ ! enemy by day & w e/abli% look-out po/s = ?is purpose2 ?is sy/em w be augm5t$ at night by patrols if necess>y4 b4 ,! wat*+ ( ! enemy mu/ be cont9u\s & long occupation ( ! sector w n w>rant any laxity4 #e4 ,,organization ,,= ,,supply3 a4 ,company comm&]s w make ! necess>y details = obta9+ supplies2 ^! details to be 9 *>ge ( ,mess or ,supply ,s]geants & w n exce$ ?ree squads = ea* lett]$ company4 b4 ,food3 ,ma*9e guns details & memb]s ( ! ,m$ical ,corps assign$ to ea* sector are atta*$ to ! lett]$ companies = rations4 c4 ,cook$ food w be at ! ,food ,/ation at #f4jj a4m41 #aa4ej a4m4 & #e4jj p4m4 daily1 & w be di/ribut$ at t po9t4 d4 ,company comm&]s w detail ! ,mess ,s]geant1 ) an appropriate detail 7ab\t #b squads7 to proce$ to ,food ,/ation1 :i* is locat$ at ! wire entanglem5t on ! we/ side ( ! ,t>get ,range ab\t #djj y>ds nor? ( ,brigade ,headqu>t]s4 e4 ,! details m5tion$ above w proce$ via tr5*es1 leav+ same at junction ( ,tipp]>y tr5* & ,rams ,horn boyau 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,co4 ,d3 ,detail w cle> junction ,rams ,horn boyau & ,tipp]>y tr5* at #e4dj a4m41 #aa4aj a4m4 & #d4dj p4m4 ,co4 ,a3 ,detail w cle> junction ,tremont tr5*1 & ,rams ,horn boyau at #e4cj a4m41 #aa4jj a4m4 & #d4cj p4m41 proce$+ via ,rams ,horn boyau4 ,co4 ,b3 ,detail w cle> junction ,tremont tr5*1 & ,poire boyau at #e4ce a4m41 #aa4je a4m4 & #d4ee p4m41 proce$+ via ,poire boyau & ,tipp]>y tr5*4 ,co4 ,c3 ,detail w cle> junction ,tremont tr5* & ,slum boyau at #e4dj a4m41 #aa4aj a4m4 & #d4dj p4m41 proce$+ via ,slum boyau & ,tipp]>y tr5*4 f4 ,^! details w return to _! respective sectors via ! indicat$ r\tes1 mov+ 9 rev]se ord] at five-m9ute int]vals1 & company comm&]s w make necess>y arrangem5ts = di/ribution ( food )9 _! respective sectors4 g4 ,company comm&]s w cause ! necess>y police aft] ea* meal to insure sanit>y condition ( tr5*es4 h4 ,food conta9]s w be held 9 company until ! next meal h\r :5 !y w be return$ to ! ,food ,/ation4 i4 ,wat]3 ,wat] wagon w be at ! ,food ,/ation f #aj4jj a4m4 to #d4cj p4m4 daily4 j4 ,conta9]s = wat] w be furni%$ by ,regim5tal ,supply ,(fic] at ! ,food ,/ation4 k4 ,all m5 w c>ry full cante5s ( wat] :5 ent]+ ! tr5*es4 l4 ,company comm&]s w detail ! ,mess ,s]geant1 ) an appropriate detail 7ab\t #b squads71 to proce$ to ! ,food ,/ation to procure wat] 9 conta9]s2 ^! details w proce$ via ! r\tes indicat$ 9 p>agraph #e1 section e3 ,co4 ,d1 #b4jj p4m42 ,co4 ,a1 #b4je p4m42 ,co4 ,b1 #b4aj p4m42 ,co4 ,c1 #b4ae p4m4 m4 ,^! details w return to _! respective sectors 9 rev]se ord] at five-m9ute int]vals4 n4 ,miscellane\s3 ,details = obta9+ tools1 ammunition1 tr5* supplies1 etc41 w be arrang$ = z requir$4 o4 ,requisitions = miscellane\s supplies requir$ w be submitt$ by company comm&]s to ! ,regim5tal ,supply ,(fic] n lat] ?an #c4jj p4m41 ,octob] #ag1 #aiag4 #f4 ,,organization ,,= ,,liaison3 a4 ,! ,signal ,(fic] w e/abli% necess>y telephonic communications4 b4 ,ea* organization w detail "o runn] to report to ! battalion comm&] at regim5tal headqu>t]s at #h4jj a4m4 c4 ,f\r runn]s w be detail$ = duty ) ea* company headqu>t]s & "o runn] w be detail$ = duty ) ea* platoon headqu>t]s4 ,^! runn]s %\ld be lightly equipp$ & we> a di/9ctive m>k4 d4 ,at lea/ two m5 p] section mu/ be able to act z guides to all company headqu>t]s ( ! battalion4 e4 ,v]bal messages w n be s5t by runn]s2 all messages mu/ be writt54 f4 ,company comm&]s1 or _! repres5tatives1 w report daily at battalion headqu>t]s at #e4jj p4m4 g4 ,!re mu/ be accurate communication betwe5 platoons 9 company1 & companies 9 battalion1 9 ord] to insure co-ord9at$ action4 #g4 ,,def5se3 a4 ,imm$iately aft] ! occupation ( ! tr5*es1 company comm&]s w make a c>eful e/imate ( all tactical situations pres5t$ 9 _! sectors & w plan = a /ubborn def5se4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 provid+ = def5se 9 dep? & lat]al def5se4 ,! front l9e tr5*es ( ea* sector w be held until actually ent]$ by ! enemy1 & no sector w be ab&on$ until ! occupants are actually =c$ out4 b4 ,! ma9 l9e ( resi/ance w be ! support tr5*es 7,tremont7 & special att5tion mu/ be giv5 to ! prep>ation = def5se4 ,if ! front l9e tr5*es ( any sector be captur$ by ! enemy !re w be no )drawal f any o!r sector ( ! front l9e tr5*es = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a cont9u\s l9e 9 ! support tr5*4 c4 ,! company comm&] ( ! res]ve w organize p>ties = c\nt]attacks & ^! p>ties w be held 9 read9ess at conv5i5t po9ts to insure prompt movem5t to ! front4 d4 ,cont9u\s occupation ( ! tr5*es )\t fire action mu/ n cause a feel+ ( security & result 9 be+ surpris$ by ! enemy4 #h4 ,,/& ,,to3 ,/& to w take place at #e4jj a4m4 & #e4jj p4m41 daily4 ,at ?is =mation e available man w be pres5t4 ,rifles1 ammunition1 equipm5t1 clo?+1 etc41 w be inspect$4 ,rapid load+ w be practic$4 ,! fir+ position ( e man w be te/$ to see :e!r he c hit ! bottom edge ( our wire4 ,gas helmets & respirators w be inspect$ if worn4 ,aft] /& to 9 ! morn+ & be=e /& to 9 ! ev5+ rifles w be ?or\ghly clean$ & oil$4 #i4 ,,tr5* ,,ord]s3 a4 ,curr5t ,tr5* ,/&+ ,ord]s rec5tly publi%$ f ,brigade ,headqu>t]s are 9 =ce4 b4 ,dur+ ! occupation ( ! tr5*es x w be assum$ t1 ! tr5*es are "u ! obs]vation & fire ( ! enemy & all movem5t 9 ! tr5*es w be conduct$ accord+ly4 ,all movem5ts ( troops1 ei!r individuals or gr\ps1 w be via ! tr5*es at all times4 c4 ,no "o w be all[$ to g ov]l& betwe5 tr5*es or to ent] ! tr5*es by ! flank4 ,all p]sons w ent] ! tr5*es f ! res]ve tr5*es & no visitors w be all[$ 9 ! tr5*es except on passes issu$ f ! ,regim5tal ,headqu>t]s4 d4 ,comm&+ (fic]s1 ,companies ,a & ,b1 are responsible = ! po/+ ( ! necess>y s5t9els along ! flanks ( ! position 7dur+ ! day71 ) in/ructions cov]+ ! provisions conta9$ 9 p>agraph #i1 sections b & c4 #aj4 ,,reports3 a4 ,company comm&]s w submit by #a4jj p4m41 ,octob] #ah1 #aiag1 a report %[+ ! dispositions & plan ( def5se ( _! respective sectors4 b4 ,frequ5t reports ( in=mation obta9$ & any *ange ( conditions at ! front w be made to battalion headqu>t]s :5 necess>y4 ,,bos*51 ,capta91 #ef? ,infantry4 ,comm&+4 ,copies to3 ,c4,o4 #bfe? ,infty4 ,c4,o4 ,cos1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c & ,d4 ,c4,o4 ,m4,g4 ,co4 ,c4,o41 ,hdq4 ,co4 ,r4,s4,o4 ,company ,organization 79 ,detail73 ,company ,headqu>t]s3 #a ,capta91 comm&+ company1 #a ,fir/ ,lieut5ant 7s5ior71 second 9 comm&1 #a ,fir/ ,s]geant1 arm$ ) pi/ol1 #a ,mess ,s]geant1 arm$ ) rifle1 #a ,supply ,s]geant1 arm$ ) rifle1 #a ,corporal1 company cl]k1 arm$ ) rifle1 #d ,me*anics1 arm$ ) rifle1 #e ,wagon]s 7f ,supply ,company71 #d ,cooks1 arm$ ) rifle1 #b ,bugl]s1 arm$ ) pi/ol1 #d ,privates1 fir/ class1 company ag5t & signalm54 ,equipm5t3 #ae rifles1 #e pi/ols1 #h automatic rifles 7= replacem5t71 #dj tr5* knives 7to be di/ribut$ z ne$$71 #b bicycles4 ,foll[+ f ,supply ,company3 #a roll+ kit*51 #d-mule2 #a combat wagon1 #d-mule2 #a ration & baggage wagon1 #d-mule2 #a ration c>t1 #b-mule2 #a wat] c>t1 #b-mule2 #af mules1 draft4 #d ,platoons1 ea* organiz$ z foll[s 7numb]$ #a to #d 9 company73 ,headqu>t]s3 #a ,fir/ ,lieut5ant2 #a/ & #d? ,platoons comm&$ by ,fir/ ,lieut5ants2 #bnd & #crd ,platoons comm&$ by ,second ,lieut5ants1 arm$ ) pi/ol4 #a ,s]geant1 assi/ant to platoon comm&]1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle4 ,equipm5t3 #a rifle1 #b pi/ols4 #a/ ,,section3 ,bomb]s & rifle gr5adi]s3 #a ,s]geant1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 #c ,corporals1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 #a tra9$ z rifle gr5adi]2 rema9d] tra9$ z bomb]s1 #f ,privates1 fir/ class1 #b arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 & rema9d] ) rifle only2 #a tra9$ z rifle gr5adi]1 & rema9d] z bomb]s4 #ab ,privates1 arm$ ) rifles2 #d tra9$ z rifle gr5adi]s1 rema9d] tra9$ z bomb]s4 ,equipm5t3 #bb rifles1 #f pi/ols4 #bnd ,,section3 ,riflem53 #b ,corporals1 arm$ ) pi/ols & rifles1 #c ,privates1 fir/ class1 arm$ ) rifle1 #g ,privates1 arm$ ) rifle1 ,equipm5t3 #ab rifles1 #b pi/ols4 #crd ,,section3 ,riflem53 #b ,corporals1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 #c ,privates1 fir/ class1 arm$ ) rifle1 #g ,privates1 arm$ ) rifle4 ,equipm5t3 #ab rifles1 #b pi/ols4 #d? ,,section3 ,auto-riflem53 #a ,s]geant1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 #a ,corporal1 arm$ ) pi/ol & rifle1 #c ,privates1 fir/ class2 #a arm$ ) rifle1 #b arm$ ) pi/ols2 auto-rifle gunn]s1 includ+ #a extra1 #f ,privates1 arm$ ) rifle4 ,equipm5t3 #i rifles1 #d pi/ols1 #b auto-rifles4 ,,note4--,sections numb]$ f #a to #af 9 company4 ,p]sonnel3 ,commission$3 ,capta9 #a ,fir/ ,lieut5ants #c ,second ,lieut5ants #b ---- ,total #f ,enli/$3 ,fir/ ,s]geant #a ,mess ,s]geant #a ,supply ,s]geant #a ,s]geants #ab ,corporals #cc ,me*anics #d ,wagon]s 7f ,supply ,company7 7#e7 ,cooks #d ,bugl]s #b ,privates1 fir/ class #fd ,privates #abh ----- ,total #bej ,equipm5t3 ,rifles #bci ,pi/ols #fi ,auto rifles #af ,tr5* knives #dj ,bicycles #b ,f ,supply ,company3 ,roll+ kit*51 #d-mule #a ,combat wagon1 #d-mule #a ,ration & baggage wagon1 #d-mule #a ,ration c>t1 #b-mule #a ,wat] c>t1 #b-mule #a ,mules1 draft #af ,tr5* ,/&+ ,ord]s4 #a4 ,duties4--,a4 ,"o (fic] p] company & "o non-commission$ (fic] p] platoon w always be on duty4 ,dur+ _! t\r ( duty !y w n be 9 _! dug\ts4 ,!y w frequ5tly visit all tr5*es occupi$ by _! units4 ,e li/5+ po/ w be visit$ at lea/ once by an (fic] dur+ 8 t\r ( duty4 ,b4 ,! (fic] & non-commission$ (fic] on duty w1 :5 8 t\r ( duty is complet$1 turn ov] to ! (fic] or non-commission$ (fic] reliev+ him all ord]s1 a report ( ! "w 9 progress1 if any1 & any o!r in=mation ( use4 ,c4 ,at night ! (fic] & non-commission$ (fic] on duty w frequ5tly patrol ! tr5* l9e1 to see t ! s5tries are al]t & to receive any reports !y may desire to make4 ,d4 ,!-non-commission$ (fic] com+ on duty w g r\nd & po/ new s5t9els ) ! non-commission$ (fic] com+ (f duty4 ,e4 ,! l5g? ( ! t\r ( duty w dep5d ^u ! numb] ( (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s on duty4 ,normally ea* t\r %\ld be1 by night1 two h\rs2 by day1 f\r h\rs4 ,?is may be modifi$1 h[ev]1 s t all (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s w h an equal am\nt ( ?is duty :ile 9 ! tr5*es4 ,f4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s1 aft] po/+ s5t9els1 w report all is well or o!rwise to ! (fic]s on duty4 ,g4 ,no man w be detail$ = a duty 9 ! tr5* )\t be+ giv5 suitable w>n+ ( ?is duty & be in=m$ at :i* h\r he w come on duty4 ,h4 ,! ,company ,comm&] w be responsible = s5d+ any report requir$ by ,battalion ,headqu>t]s4 #b4 ,s5tries4--,a4 ,! numb] ( s5try po/s requir$ w dep5d on ! assum$ prop9quity or di/ance ( ! enemy1 /r5g? ( ob/acles1 ease ) :i* s5try po/s c be re-en=c$ & o!r local conditions4 ,normally by day ?is %\ld be "o s5t9el = ea* platoon & at night ?ree d\ble s5t9els = ea* platoon4 ,!re mu/ be s5tries en\gh to insure al>m be+ giv5 promptly 9 case ( attack & t local resi/ance is suffici5t until help c arrive4 ,b4 ,! next relief w rema9 )9 an easy di/ance ( ! s5try on po/1 usually 9 %elt]s provid$ = ?is purpose4 ,c4 ,e s5try is to be regul>ly po/$ by a non-commission$ (fic] :o w expla9 to him 8 duties & asc]ta9 t ! s5try is aw>e ( ! position ( ! section & platoon comm&]s & ( ! s5tries on ei!r side1 & :e!r !re are any patrols or work+ p>ties out 9 front4 ,d4 ,e s5t9el w report :5 an (fic] passes 8 po/1 ,all is well1 or o!rwise4 ,e4 ,e s5t9el by day w be provid$ ) a head-cov] to bl5d ) ! gr\nd 7?is may be improvis$71 & :ile obs]v+ ! gr\nd to ! front w rema9 p]fectly /ill4 ,an empty s& bag or "s o!r suitable mat]ial may be utiliz$ = ?is purpose4 #c4 ,patrols4--,a4 ,x is ! duty ( all ! troops hold+ ! front l9es to e/abli% a comm& ( ! gr\nd 9 front ( _! p>apet up to ! enemy's wire4 ,?is c be done by ext5d$ & con/ant patroll+ by night & reconnaissance by day s t ! gr\nd is ?or\ghly well kn[n to z l>ge a portion z possible ( (fic]s & m5 & s no enemy c move or rema9 9 8 front by night or day )\t detection4 ,"o ( ! p>ticul> duties ( ^! patrols is to obs]ve ! condition ( ! wire entanglem5ts4 ,b4 ,e patrol mu/ h def9ite ord]s z to its mission2 broadly speak+1 patrols may be divid$ into two classes3 7#a7 reconnoit]+ patrols1 7#b7 fight+ patrols4 ,c4 ,! fir/ duty ( reconnoit]+ patrols is to obta9 ! in=mation = :i* !y are s5t out4 ,!y fight only 9 self-def5se or if any especially favorable opportunity arises to inflict loss ^u ! enemy )\t prejudice to _! mission4 ,!y usually consi/ ( two to six m51 "u an (fic] or non-commission$ (fic]4 ,d4 ,fight+ patrols are s5t out = ! express purpose ( caus+ loss or damage to ! enemies by su* means z engag+ ! enemy's patrols or work+ p>ties1 or by raid+ saps1 li/5+ po/s or tr5*es4 ,= id5tification purposes !y %\ld always endeavor to secure at lea/ "o prison]4 ,_! /r5g? dep5ds ^u ! resi/ance !y are likely to meet )4 ,e4 ,company comm&]s are responsible = ! ord]s giv5 to patrols1 subject to any in/ructions :i* may be issu$ by high] au?ority4 ,!y are also responsible t all troops1 :om x conc]ns1 includ+ companies on bo? flanks1 are w>n$ :5 & :]e patrols w be out1 l5g? ( "t !y w be out1 & ( ! po9ts to :i* !y w return4 ,f4 ,in=mation ga9$ by patrols is ( little value unless transmitt$ quickly to ^? :om x conc]ns4 ,patrol reports w be made out by ! comm&] ( ! patrol imm$iately ^u 8 return & s5t at once to ! company comm&] unless ord]s to ! contr>y h be5 giv54 #d4 ,/& ,to4--,a4 ,/& to w take place "o-half h\r aft] a relief has be5 po/$ & "o-half h\r be=e be+ reliev$4 ,at ?is p>ade e available man w be pres5t4 ,rifles1 equipm5t1 clo?+1 etc41 w be inspect$4 ,fir+ /eps w be te/$ z soon z practicable aft] reliefs h be5 po/$ to see t ea* man c fire on ! foot ( ! ne>e/ "p ( ! wire entanglem5t :i* he is requir$ to cov] by 8 fire4 ,! same proc$ure w be gone ?r\gh at ! /& to "o-half h\r be=e be+ reliev$4 ,o!r /& tos may be ord]$ 9 ! discretion ( ! company comm&]4 ,^! %\ld be suffici5tly (t5 to insure t e man turns out promptly & kn[s 8 place 9 case ( attack4 #e4 ,ma*9e ,guns4--,a4 ,! concealm5t ( ma*9e gun emplacem5ts is important4 ,consequ5tly1 x is only at night or 9 case ( attack t ma*9e gun crews w occupy _! def5se emplacem5ts4 ,at night guns %\ld take up o!r position ?an _! def5se emplacem5ts & fire a /at$ numb] ( r\nds 9 ord] to te/ out ! guns & mislead ! enemy z to _! numb]s & real emplacem5ts1 aft] :i* !y w at once g back to _! def5se emplacem5ts4 ,b4 ,! guns & _! crews w be tactically "u ! ord]s ( ! company comm&] 9 ^: sector !y are locat$1 b no alt]ation w be made by him 9 _! disposition or arcs ( fire2 he w1 h[ev]1 br+ be=e ! s5ior ma*9e gun in/ructor any sugge/ions = improvem5ts 9 ma*9e gun dispositions = def5se4 ,c4 ,two m5 p] gun w always be on duty ) ! guns4 ,d4 ,range c>ds w be prep>$ & kept ) ea* gun4 ,e4 ,(fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s 9 *>ge ( guns w rema9 9 close proximity to ! guns4 ,!y w frequ5tly inspect _! guns1 emplacem5ts1 etc4 ,!y are responsible = cleanl9ess & ma9t5ance ( ! emplacem5ts4 ,f4 ,ma*9e gun comm&]s are responsible = guns always be+ ready = action1 & t emplacem5ts are cle> ( all mat]ial except su* z is requir$ = ! s]vice ( ! guns2 t embrasures or loopholes are kept cle> ( all ob/ructions :i* may int]f]e ) fire or view4 #f4 ,reliefs4--,a4 ,reconnaisance4 ,prior to tak+ ov] ! l9e ( tr5*es ! company comm&]1 accompani$ by 8 s5ior ,fir/ ,lieut5ant & ,fir/ ,s]geant1 w reconnoit] ! tr5*es4 ,b4 ,po9ts to be not$ by ! company comm&]s4 ,! foll[+ po9ts w be specially not$ by company comm&]s be=e tak+ ov] tr5*es3 #a4 ,plan ( occupation 7numb] ( m5 hold+ l9es to be tak5 ov]1 _! di/ribution & duties74 #b4 ,%elt] accommodations4 #c4 ,"w be+ done & propos$4 #d4 ,conditions ( ! wire & def5ses g5]ally4 #e4 ,in=mation z to ! enemy1 8 habits1 snip]s1 & ! "w he is do+1 etc4 #f4 ,wat] supply4 #g4 ,artill]y support4 #h4 ,communications4 #i4 ,dang] po9ts4 #aj4 ,location & condition ( /ores4 #aa4 ,liaison4 #g4 ,guides4--,a4 ,arrangem5ts w be made betwe5 ! company comm&]s ( ! incom+ & outgo+ companies z to ! r5dezv\s :]e guides w be provid$ by ! latt] to conduct ! incom+ troops to ! tr5*es4 ,b4 ,"o guide p] platoon1 "o = ea* company & "o = battalion headqu>t]s w be provid$4 ,^! guides mu/ "k ! exact spot :]e !y w meet ! relief troops & ! be/ way to conduct ! units to ! p>ticul> section ( ! tr5* !y w occupy4 #h4 ,smok+ & ,talk+4--,a4 ,aft] leav+ ! r5dezv\s !re w be no smok+ & talk+ until arrival 9 tr5*es4 ,/ricte/ m>* discipl9e w be en=c$ on ! way to & f ! tr5*es4 #i4 ,proc$ure on ,arrival at ,tr5*es4--,a4 ,! troops be+ reliev$ w n leave ! tr5*es until ! reliev+ troops are 9 position & ! new s5tries h be5 po/$1 all tr5* /ores h be5 h&$ ov] & receipt$ =1 & ord]s to move h be5 receiv$ f ! ,company ,comm&]4 ,b4 ,platoon comm&]s w at once p]sonally see t all s5t9els are prop]ly po/$1 t ! non-commission$ (fic] is on duty1 t e man kn[s 8 place 9 case ( attack1 & t bo? flanks ( 8 platoon are 9 liaison ) ! adjo9+ platoon4 ,c4 ,:5 reliefs are complet$1 ,platoon ,comm&]s w report to t effect to ! ,company ,comm&]4 ,d4 ,m5 w n be dismiss$ until ! ,company ,comm&] has receiv$ ! reports f all ( 8 ,platoon ,comm&]s t ev]y?+ is 9 ord]4 #aj4 ,log ,books4--,a4 ,ea* ,company ,comm&] w keep a log book 9 :i* w be ent]$3 #a4 ,"w done4 #b4 ,numb] ( m5 work+4 #c4 ,h\rs work$4 #d4 ,any in=mation obta9$ f s5tries1 patrols1 or o!r s\rces4 ,!y w also ent] 9 ?is book a li/ ( any tr5* /ores t come into _! possession4 #aa4 ,equipm5t4--,a4 ,equipm5t w be worn 9 ! front tr5*es4 ,hav]sacks1 packs1 & tr5* tools ne$ n be worn1 ^! w be left 9 ! %elt]s4 ,9 support & res]ve tr5*es1 !y w be worn at ! discretion ( ! ,company ,comm&]4 ,b4 ,ration & c>ry+ p>ties w we> equipm5t & c>ry rifles unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,c4 ,pieces w be assum$ to be load$ & lock$ at all times4 ,d4 ,9 ! fir+ tr5*es bayonets w be fix$ at night4 ,e4 ,non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 ( ! fir+ l9e w at all times be 9 possession ( _! rifles & bayonets4 ,! rifles ( m5 9 ! support & res]ve tr5*es or dug\ts w be :]e !y c be quickly seiz$1 ev5 9 ! d>k4 #ab4 ,/ret*] ,be>]s4--,a4 ,/ret*] be>]s w be /ation$ at a po9t designat$ by ! ,company ,comm&]4 #ac4 ,discipl9e4--,a4 ,sleep+ 9 ! fir+ tr5*es w n be p]mitt$4 ,b4 ,no man w ent] ! fir+ tr5*1 except 9 dis*>ge ( 8 duty1 unless s ord]$ by 8 ,company or ,platoon ,comm&]4 ,c4 ,s5tries w rema9 /&+ unless ! height ( ! p>apet r5d]s ?is impossible4 ,d4 ,salut+ & /&+ at att5tion1 etc41 w be z c>efully adh]$ to z :5 9 camp except t s5t9el w n let ?is int]f]e ) _! duties4 #ad4 ,rations & ,cook+4--,a4 ,cook+ w be done 9 ! re> ( ! res]ve at a po9t to be designat$4 ,b4 ,company ,qu>t]ma/] ,s]geants w accompany ration p>ties1 :i* w be limit$ 9 size to ! actual ne$s = br++ up cook$ rations f ! po9t :]e cook+ is done1 to ! tr5*es4 ,at no "t %\ld ?is exce$ t5 p] c5t ( ! effective /r5g? ( ! unit f :i* s5t4 ,c4 ,c>e w be tak5 t z little noise z possible be made by ^! c>ry+ p>ties4 #ae4 ,sanitation4--,a4 ,! importance ( /rict att5tion to sanitation w be impress$ ^u all ranks4 ,b4 ,! comm&+ (fic] ( ea* unit is responsible = sanitation 9 8 sector4 ,he w make frequ5t inspections ( latr9es1 refuse pits & tr5*es to asc]ta9 t no unsanit>y conditions exi/4 ,c4 ,latr9es w be con/ruct$ 9 ! tr5*es1 excreta kept cov]$ at all times & su* dis9fectants z may be provid$ w be us$ at regul> int]vals4 ,:5 fill$ )9 eighte5 in*es ( ! top1 pits w be fill$ ) e>? & label$4 ,d4 ,ur9al cans w be provid$ & m5 requir$ to use ^! cans & cont5ts w be empti$ z (t5 z necess>y into deep pits at lea/ "o hundr$ y>ds f ! tr5*es4 ,empty t9 cans1 p>ticles ( food & o!r refuse w be collect$ 9 receptacles kept 9 ! tr5*es = t purpose & c>ri$ to ! re> & buri$ 9 pits4 ,?is is usually done at night4 ,em]g5cy ,dumps = ,companies 7,mat]ial74 #a4 ,any l>ge %ell crat] w d = ^! or holes c be dug #aj' x #aj1' x #e' deep4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,dump4 #aj rolls b>b$ wire4 #h coils ,fr5* accordion wire4 #cj long screw /akes4 #ej %ort screw /akes4 #d prep>$ wire blocks 7gooseb]ries74 ,,/ores ,,= ,,company4 #ajj v fl>es4 #f ,s4,o4,s4 rockets4 #b v]m9al spray]s4 #a /rombos horn4 7gas al>m7 rubb] boots4 p]iscopes4 #bjj revolv] ammunition4 #a log book4 #a set maps4 #a set air photos4 #a def5se s*eme4 #b4 ,^! are tak5 ov] & sign$ =4 ,ea* dug\t mu/ h a gas blanket & "s =m ( gas al>m 7usually empty %ell case47 ,,/ores ,,at ,,battalion ,,headqu>t]s4 #a /rombos horn4 #b v]m9al spray]s4 #cjj v fl>es4 #bj ,s4,o4,s4 rockets4 #ejj revolv] ammunition4 #ej gr\nd fl>es4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bh ,conclusion4 ,! pres5t army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h its inception at ,plattsburg 9 #aiae4 ,! fir/ regim5t ( ! ,bus9ess ,m5s' ,tra9+ ,camp w g d[n 9 hi/ory z ! fir/ *apt] ( prep>$ness4 ,! tra9+ camps ( #aiaf1 n only at ,plattsburg1 b at v>i\s o!r places ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 con/itut$ ! second *apt]4 ,we are j f9i%+ *apt] ?ree 9 ! (fic]s' tra9+ camps ( #aiag4 ,?is book br+s toge!r ! ess5tial po9ts ( ! in/ruction giv5 at ! second & probably ! la/ ( ! (fic]s' tra9+ camps at ,plattsburg1 9 su* a way t an (fic] may refre% 8 memory :5 he is ab\t to take up ) 8 m5 any ( ! subjects cov]$4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add t no attempt has be5 made to cov] fully any bran* ( ! "w4 ,! bibliography provides = fur!r /udy & ! books 9 x %\ld be at e (fic]'s comm&4 ,z ! w> progresses _m *anges w be made2 n only w me?ods *ange b "s bran*es n[ consid]$ ess5tial may be ca/ aside z useless4 ,no?+ b "w c make ! pages ( any milit>y book h real mean+4 ,?is book gives :at are n[ consid]$ ! ess5tials ( milit>y tra9+4 ,if x has br\ght to ! consci5ti\s (fic] po9ts he might o!rwise h =gott5 to ! detrim5t ( 8 comm&1 x w h s]v$ its purpose4 ,bibliography4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,i4,d4,r4 ,balck ,tactics ,vol4 #a4 ,infantry4 ,h[ell ,lectures on ! ,swiss ,army4 ,bjorn/adt ,lectures on ! ,g]man ,army4 ,drill & ,field ,tra9+ 7,engli%7--,imp]ial ,army ,s]ies4 ,in/ructions on ! ,(f5sive ,conduct ( ,small ,units4 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,may1 #aiag4 ,notes on ! me?ods ( attack & def5se to meet ! ,conditions ( ,mod]n ,w>f>e4 ,army ,w> ,college1 ,april1 #aiag4 ,privates ,manual4 7,moss47 ,in/ructions = assembl+ ! ,infantry ,pack1 ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t4 ,pamphlet ,no4 #agag ,manual ( ,milit>y ,tra9+4 7,moss47 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,physical ,,tra9+4 ,manual ( ,physical ,tra9+4 7,koehl]47 ,field ,physical ,tra9+ ( ! ,soldi]4 ,special ,regulation ,no4 #bc4 ,voice ,culture4 7,rob]t ,lloyd47 7,9 lecture =m47 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,small ,,arms ,,fir+ ,,manual4 ,bull's ,eye ,scorebook4 ,u4,s4 ,m>9es ,scorebook4 ,h[ to ,%oot4 7,moss47 ,notes on tra9+ = ,rifle ,fire 9 ,tr5* ,w>f>e4 ,army ,w> ,coll41 ,april1 #aiag4 ,! ,rifle 9 ,w>4 7,eames47 ,sugge/ions to ,milit>y ,riflem54 7,:el547 ,musketry %eets f ,fir/ ,camp1 ,plattsburg1 ,new ,york4 ,control ( ! ,fir+ ,l9e4 ,army ,s]vice ,s*ool4 ,musketry ,tra9+4 7,pick]+47 ,a ,synopsis ( ! ,rifle 9 ,w>4 ,army ,s]vice ,s*ools4 ,briti%--,aids 9 ,musketry4 ,fire ,problems4 7,pil*]47 ,fire ,ord]s--,direction & ,control--,musketry--,imp]ial ,army ,s]ies4 ,lecture & ,lessons on ,musketry & ,in/ructions = ,(fic]s & ,n4,c4,o4,s4 ,musketry ,diagrams4 7,clutt]buck47 ,notes on ,bayonet ,tra9+4 ,army ,w> ,college1 ,m>*1 #aiag4 ,briti% ,manual ( ! ,bayonet4 ,ordnance ,pamphlet ,no4 #agae & ,no4 #ahff4 7,pi/ol47 ,notes on ,bomb+4 7,mc,clintock47 ,notes on ,gr5ade ,tra9+--,plattsburg ,tra9+ ,camp4 ,notes on ,gr5ade ,w>f>e4 ,army ,w> ,college4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,milit>y ,,sket*+ ,,& ,,map ,,head+4 ,milit>y ,map ,read+4 7,%]rill47 ,milit>y ,sket*+ & ,map ,read+4 7,grieves47 ,an ,(fic]'s ,notes 7,p>k]47 ,topography4 7,%]rill47 ,eng9e]s ,field ,manual4 ,manual ( ,infantry ,tra9+4 7,moss47 ,tra9+ ,manual 9 ,topography1 ,map ,read+ & ,reconnaissance4 7,by ,major ,spald+1 ,u4,s4,a47 ,milit>y ,sket*+ & ,map ,read+4 7,capt4 ,b>nes47 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,articles ,,( ,,w>4 ,a ,guide to ! ,articles ( ,w>4 7,pr(essor ,eug5e ,waumbaugh47 ,manual ( ,c\rts ,m>tial4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,army ,,regulations4 ,manual = ,comm&]s ( ,infantry ,platoons4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ! ,army ,w> ,college1 #aiag1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,docum5t ,no4 #fbf4 a4r41 #aiac4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 7,,field ,,"w47 ,notes on ,field ,=tification4 ,army ,s]vice ,s*ools1 #aiaf4 ,e4,f4,m4 & ,add5dum !reto4 ,elem5ts ( ,tr5* ,w>f>e4 7,waldron47 ,field ,entr5*m5ts4 7,solano47 ,sc\t+ & ,patroll+4 7,waldron47 ,sc\t ,in/ruction4 7,mc,kenney47 ,sc\t's ,h&work4 7,mc,kenney47 ,! #bnd ,matabele ,w>4 7,bad5 ,p[ell47 ,aids to ,sc\t+4 7,bad5 ,p[ell47 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,tra9+4 7,moss47 ,small ,problems 9 ,infantry4 7,bjorn/adt47 ,s4,m4 ,tactics4 ,a ,milit>y ,prim]4 7,m>%all ,simonds47 ,te*nique ( ,mod]n ,tactics4 7,von ,all547 ,night ,movem5ts4 7,burnett47 ,night ,op]ations = ,infantry4 7,dawk9s47 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 7,,fe$+ ,,m547 ,manual = ,army ,cooks4 ,mess ,s]geant's ,h&book4 7,holbrook47 ,mess ,(fic]'s ,assi/ant4 ,mess ,acc\nt ,book4 7,fr9k47 ,h&l+ ! ,/raight ,army ,ration4 7,holbrook47 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,tra9+4 7,moss47 ,field ,s]vice4 7,moss47 ,,*apt] ,x4 7,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,fir/ ,,aid47 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,tra9+4 7,moss47 ,lectures on ,milit>y ,sanitation & ,managem5t ( ,sanitation ,s]vice1 ,army ,s]vice ,s*ools4 ,lectures deliv]$ at ,plattsburg ,tra9+ ,camp1 #aiag4 ,elem5ts ( ,milit>y ,hygi5e4 7,a%burn47 ,r$ ,cross ,pamphlet on ,fir/ ,aid4 ,manual = ,non-,coms4 & ,privates4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 7,,signal+47 ,unit$ ,/ates ,signal ,book4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 7,,gu>d ,,duty47 ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 7,,company ,,adm9i/ration47 ,company ,adm9i/ration4 7,waldron47 ,army ,pap] ,"w4 7,p]r9-,smi? ,pub4 ,co47 ,notes on ,organizations4 7,waldron47 ,synopsis ( ,"w ,done at #a/ ,plattsburg ,camp4 7,f>ley47 ,army ,pap] ,"w4 7,moss47 ,army ,regulations4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 7,,conf]5ces4 ,,/udy4 ,s4,p4,i4 ,,exam9ations47 ,exam9ations 9 ,milit>y ,sci5ce1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 #aiag4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 7,,tr5* ,,w>f>e47 ,field ,=tifications4 7,lt4 ,h5ri ,poire47 ,plattsburg1 ,n4,y41 #aiag4 ,! ,fr5* ,automatic ,rifle4 7,capt4 ,g5e ,loriot47 ,notes on ,liaison 9 ,mod]n ,w>f>e4 ,notes on ! ,me?od ( ,attack & ,def5se to ,meet ! ,conditions ( ,mod]n ,w>f>e4 ,ma*9e ,gun ,tactics4 7,appl947 ,gr5ades1 ,h& & ,rifle4 7,solano47 ,tra9+ = ! ,tr5*es4 7,vick]s47 ,/udies 9 ,lead+ ,troops4 7,v]nois47 ,tactical ,decisions & ,ord]s4 7,buddecke47 ,problems 9 ,lead+ ,troops--,army ,s]vice ,s*ools4 ,battle ,ord]s4 7,von ,kiesl+47 #gj ,problems4 7,morrison47 ,tactical ,pr9ciples & ,problems4 7,hanna47 ,te*nique ( ,mod]n ,tactics4 7,bond & ,mc,donough47 ,e/imat+ ,tactical ,situations4 7,fit*47 ,! ,book ,dep>tm5t1 ,army ,s]vice ,s*ools1 ,=t ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 or ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,infantry ,association1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 w get any books available4 ,,index4 ,,*apt] #a4 ,,page4 ,s*$ules2 #a ,,*apt] #b4 ,infantry drill regulations2 #ca ,s*ool ( ! soldi]2 #ca ,in/ruction )\t arms2 #ca ,att5tion2 #cb ,position (2 #cb ,heels toge!r & on a l9e2 #cb ,feet turn$ out equally1 =m+ angle ( #de degrees2 #cb ,knees ext5d$ )\t /iffness2 #cb ,trunk erect ^u hips2 #cb ,%\ld]s fall+ naturally2 #cb ,arms hang+ naturally2 #cc ,head erect1 *9 rais$2 #cc ,re/s2 #cc ,position ( re/ & at ease2 #cc ,fall out2 #cd ,re/2 #cd ,at ease2 #cd ,p>ade re/2 #cd ,eyes "r2 #cd ,"r face2 #cd ,"r half face2 #cd ,ab\t face2 #cd ,h& salute2 #cd ,=w>d m>*2 #cd ,d\ble "t1 m>*2 #cd ,m>k "t1 m>*2 #cd ,half /ep1 m>*2 #cd ,"r /ep1 m>*2 #cd ,squad1 halt2 #cd ,by "r flank1 m>*2 #cd ,to ! re>1 m>*2 #cd ,*ange /ep1 m>*2 #cd ,manual ( arms2 #ce ,purpose2 #ce ,comm&s & cautions2 #ce ,ord]1 arms2 #ce ,pres5t1 arms2 #ce ,port1 arms2 #ce ,"r %\ld]1 arms2 #ce ,left %\ld]1 arms2 #ce ,p>ade1 re/2 #ce ,trail1 arms2 #ce ,rifle salute2 #ce ,fix bayonet2 #ce ,unfix bayonet2 #cf ,inspection arms2 #cf ,s*ool ( ! squad2 #cf ,object2 #cf ,composition ( squad2 #cf ,fall 92 #cf ,fall out2 #cf ,c\nt (f2 #cf ,inspection arms--"r dress1 front2 #cf ,guide "r2 #cg ,take int]val2 #cg ,to re=m2 #cg ,take di/ance2 #cg ,assemble1 m>*2 #cg ,/ack arms2 #cg ,take arms2 #cg ,oblique1 m>*2 #cg ,9 place1 halt2 #cg ,resume m>*2 #ch ,"r turn2 #ch ,"r half turn2 #ch ,squads "r2 #ch ,squad "r ab\t2 #ch ,s*ool ( ! company2 #ch ,object2 #ch ,composition2 #ci ,fall 92 #ci ,platoon movem5ts2 #dj ,lead+ platoon2 #dj ,re> platoon2 #dj ,que/ions :i* come up 9 daily milit>y life2 #dj ,answ]s2 #da ,insignia2 #da ,= second lieut5ants2 #da ,company "r1 m>*2 #db ,platoons "r1 m>*2 #db ,squads "r1 m>*2 #db ,"r turn1 m>*2 #db ,column "r1 m>*2 #db ,platoons1 column "r1 m>*2 #db ,squads "r1 column "r1 m>*2 #db ,squads "r1 platoons1 column "r1 m>*2 #db ,squads "r ab\t1 m>*2 #dc ,"r into l9e1 m>*2 #dc ,"r front into l9e1 m>*2 #dc ,platoons1 "r front into l9e1 m>*2 #dc ,r\te /ep1 m>*2 #dc ,"r by twos1 m>*2 #dc ,squads "r front into l9e1 m>*2 #dc ,dismiss ! company2 #dc ,to fall 9 company :5 x _c be =m$ by squads2 #dd ,= mu/]2 #dd ,9 align+ company2 #dd ,to m>* squad )\t unnecess>y comm&s2 #dd ,z skirmi%]s1 m>*2 #dd ,assemble1 m>*2 #de ,kneel2 #de ,lie d[n2 #de ,rise2 #de ,load+s & fir+s2 #de ,arm+2 #de ,sight-sett+ ann\nc$2 #de ,fire at w2 #de ,clip fire2 #de ,unload2 #de ,ext5d$ ord]2 #de ,corporal cautions2 #df ,left face2 #df ,company "r2 #df ,deploym5ts2 #df ,z skirmi%]s1 guide "r1 m>*2 #df ,to deploy f column or squad2 #df ,assemble1 m>*2 #dg ,platoons1 assemble2 #dg ,platoons1 columns2 #dg ,squad columns2 #dg ,no4 #a's =w>d1 m>*2 #dh ,capta9 po9ts out new l9e2 #dh ,disadvantage2 #dh ,advantage2 #dh ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e2 #dh ,by platoon2 #dh ,comm&s2 #dh ,s*ool ( ! ,battalion2 #di ,basis2 #di ,arrangem5t2 #di ,numb]2 #di ,c5t]2 #di ,b&2 #di ,dress+2 #di ,to =m ! battalion2 #di ,o!r ?an c]emonies2 #di ,= c]emonies2 #di ,to dismiss ! battalion2 #ej ,to rectify ! alignm5t2 #ej ,to rectify ! column2 #ej ,helpful h9ts to beg9n]s2 #ej ,9 column ( squads2 #ej ,9 column ( companies2 #ea ,l9e ( companies2 #ec ,9 battalion l9e2 #ed ,inspections2 #ee ,special po9ts ( company2 #ee ,battalion inspection2 #ef ,regim5tal inspection2 #ef ,c]emonies2 #ef ,battalion review2 #ef ,battalion p>ade2 #eg ,regim5tal p>ade2 #eh ,regim5tal review2 #eh ,fire direction2 #eh ,fire control2 #eh ,fire discipl9e2 #eh ,! colonel2 #ei ,position2 #ei ,duties2 #fj ,! major2 #fj ,position2 #fj ,! g5]al2 #fa ,duties2 #fa ,special2 #fb ,battalion /aff2 #fc ,positions2 #fc ,duties2 #fd ,position2 #fe ,duties3 be=e fire action2 #fe dur+ ! action2 #fe ,bugl]s2 #ff ,position2 #ff ,duties2 #ff ,mu/ be pr(ici5t 92 #fg ,range e/imators2 #fg ,platoon lead]2 #fh ,position2 #fh ,duties2 #fh ,!reaft]2 #fi ,fir/ s]geant2 #gj ,guides2 #gj ,g5]al rules2 #gj ,equipm5t2 #gj ,close ord]2 #ga ,tak+ int]vals & di/ances2 #ga ,to =m ! company2 #gb ,alignm5ts2 #gb ,ex]cise =2 #gd ,result2 #gd ,platoon ,guides2 #ge ,position2 #ge ,duties2 #ge ,corporal2 #gf ,position2 #gf ,duties2 #gf ,!reaft]2 #gf ,! private2 #gh ,position2 #gh ,duties2 #gi ,packs2 #ha ,c>tridge belt2 #ha ,to atta* fir/-aid p\*2 #hb ,to atta* cante5 cov]2 #hb ,to atta* pack c>ri] to hav]sack2 #hb ,to atta* c>tridge belt to hav]sack2 #hc ,to atta* bayonet scabb>d to hav]sack2 #hc ,to atta* intr5*+ tool c>ri] to hav]sack2 #hc ,to assemble ! full equipm5t 7)\t rations72 #hd ,to make ! pack2 #he ,to assemble ! pack2 #he ,to assemble ! full equipm5t 7) rations72 #hf ,to make ! pack2 #hf ,to assemble ! pack2 #hf ,to adju/ to ! soldi]2 #hf ,to assemble full equipm5t1 less ! pack 7) rations72 #hg ,to assemble full equipm5t1 less ! pack 7)\t rations72 #hh ,to disc>d pack )\t remov+ equipm5t f body2 #hh ,c>e ( equipm5t2 #hi ,lea!r2 #hi ,wool5 clo!s2 #hi ,m5d+2 #hi ,clo? equipm5t--dry clean+2 #hi ,wa%+2 #hi ,in/ructions on mak+ packs2 #hi ,me?ods2 #hi ,adju/+ c>tridge belt2 #ij ,di/ribution ( intr5*+ tools 9 ! squad2 #ij ,,*apt] #c4 ,physical tra9+2 #ia ,physical tra9+2 #ia ,bayonet tra9+2 #ia ,"t s*$ule2 #ia ,=mations2 #ib ,second =mation2 #ic ,comm&s2 #ic ,k9ds ( & h[ giv52 #ic ,fir/ lesson2 #id ,second lesson2 #ie ,?ird lesson2 #if ,f\r? lesson2 #ih ,fif? lesson2 #ii ,voice culture2 #ajc ,,*apt] #d4 ,use ( mod]n arms2 #aje ,small arms fir+2 #ajf ,sl[ fire2 #aji ,rapid fire2 #aji ,pi/ol2 #aab ,nom5clature & c>e2 #aab ,manual = ! pi/ol2 #aab ,position2 #aaf ,! grip2 #aaf ,! trigg] squeeze2 #aag ,position & aim+ drills2 #aag ,quick fire2 #aah ,classes ( fire2 #aah ,sl[ fire2 #aah ,quick fire2 #aah ,automatic fire2 #aah ,tr5*2 #aah ,score2 #aai ,c\rse2 #abj ,sl[ fire2 #abj ,quick fire2 #abj ,automatic fire2 #abj ,tr5* fire2 #abj ,bayonet tra9+2 #abj ,functions (2 #abj ,g5]al practice2 #abj ,te*nique ( bayonet combat2 #aba ,manual ( ! bayonet2 #abb ,progressive ex]cises2 #abd ,ma*9e guns2 #abh ,mode ( action2 #abh ,fire2 #abi ,inconspicu\sness2 #abi ,(f5sive re9=cem5t ( a front mom5t>ily /ation>y2 #acj ,def5sive2 #acj ,g5]al rules = in/allation2 #aca ,employm5t ( fire & in/ruction2 #acb ,resume2 #acb ,po9ts be=e fir+2 #acc ,po9ts dur+ fir+2 #acc ,po9ts aft] fir+2 #acc ,gr5ade in/ruction2 #acd ,introduction2 #acd ,work+ ( gr5ades 9 use2 #acf ,in/ruction 9 ?r[+2 #ach ,in/ruction 9 gr5ade organization2 #aci ,po9ts to rememb]2 #ada ,,*apt] #e4 ,map sket*+2 #adc ,class room--map read+2 #adc ,tak+ up map scales2 #adc ,field "w--/rict scale map mak+2 #ade ,road sket*2 #adf ,area sket*2 #adf ,problem2 #aej ,class room--problem2 #aej ,field "w--problem2 #aed ,class room--problem2 #aee ,field "w--problem2 #aeg problem2 #aeh ,map read+2 #aei ,,*apt] #f4 ,helpful ref]5ces to ! articles ( w>2 #afa ,milit>y law2 #afa ,article #a2 #afa ,def9itions2 #afa ,article #b2 #afa ,p]sons subject to milit>y law2 #afa ,articles #c-ah2 #afb ,c\rts m>tial classifi$2 #afb ,me?od ( ent]+ a *>ge aga9/ a man2 #afc ,specification2 #afd ,g5]al rem>ks2 #afd ,article #ca2 #afd ,ord] ( vot+2 #afd ,article #ci2 #afd ,limit ^u prosecutions2 #afd ,article #ed2 #afe ,fraudul5t enli/m5t2 #afe ,article #eh2 #afe ,des]tion2 #afe ,article #fa2 #aff ,abs5ce )\t leave2 #aff ,article #fb2 #aff ,disrespect t[>d ,presid5t & o!rs2 #aff ,article #fc2 #aff ,disrespect t[>d a sup]ior (fic]2 #aff ,article #fd2 #afg ,assault+ or wilfully disobey+ sup]ior (fic]2 #afg ,article #fe2 #afg ,insubord9ate conduct t[>d a non-commission$ (fic]2 #afg ,article #fh2 #afg ,disord]s2 #afg ,article #fi2 #afh ,break+ arre/2 #afh ,article #ge2 #afi ,misbehavior be=e ! enemy2 #afi ,article #hc2 #afi ,neglect ( milit>y prop]ty2 #afi ,article #hd2 #afi ,wa/e or unlawful disposal ( prop]ty issu$ to soldi]s2 #afi ,article #he2 #afi ,drunk on duty2 #afi ,article #hf2 #agj ,misbehavior ( s5t9el2 #agj ,article #ib2 #agj ,murd] or rape2 #agj ,article #ic2 #agj ,v>i\s crimes2 #agj ,article #id2 #aga ,frauds aga9/ ! gov]nm5t2 #aga ,article #ie2 #aga ,conduct unbecom+ an (fic] & a g5tleman2 #aga ,article #if2 #aga ,g5]al articles1 ! cat* all2 #aga ,examples2 #agb ,problem #a2 #agb ,problem #b2 #agb ,problem #c2 #agb ,,*apt] #g4 ,notes on army regulations2 #age ,au?ority ex]cis$2 #age ,abusive language2 #age ,respect to sup]iors2 #age ,rem>ks by (fic]s2 #age ,furl\ghs2 #age ,m5 on furl\ghs2 #age ,m5 9 =eign c\ntries2 #age ,no paym5ts2 #age ,des]tion2 #age ,ab&on$ clo!s2 #age ,rew>d2 #age ,co/s ( appreh5sion2 #agf ,no pay or clo!s2 #agf ,w be re/or$2 #agf ,abs5t )\t leave2 #agf ,dis*>ge ( enli/$ m52 #agf ,f9al /atem5ts2 #agf ,c]tificate2 #agf ,loss ( dis*>ge c]tificate2 #agg ,physical disability c]tificate2 #agg ,dea? ( soldi]2 #agg ,effects2 #agg ,w be deliv]$2 #agg ,m$al ( honor2 #agh ,c]tificate ( m]it2 #agh ,qu>t]s2 #agh ,saturday2 #agh ,neglect ( rooms2 #agh ,de/ruction ( tablew>e2 #agh ,*iefs ( squads2 #agh ,premises2 #agh ,company comm&]s2 #agh ,arms2 #agh ,acc\ntability & responsibility2 #agh ,example2 #agi ,loss ( public prop]ty2 #agi ,ration2 #agi ,=feiture2 #agi ,pay2 #agi ,allotm5ts2 #ahj ,class ,a2 #ahj ,class ,b2 #ahj ,comp5sation = dea? or disability2 #aha ,additional insurance2 #ahb ,deposits2 #ahb ,a lo/ deposit book2 #ahb ,paym5t2 #ahc ,)drawal ( deposits2 #ahc ,int]e/2 #ahc ,=feiture2 #ahc ,(fic]s & m52 #ahc ,furl\gh$ to res]ve2 #ahc ,transportation2 #ahc ,dis*>g$ soldi]2 #ahc ,transf] ( claims2 #ahc ,notes on ! laws ( w>2 #ahc ,,*apt] #h4 ,practice m>*es2 #ahg ,field "w2 #ahh ,an ord]2 #ahh ,d n deploy too e>ly2 #ahh ,fire direction2 #ahi ,! troops2 #ahi ,def5se2 #aij ,lead]%ip2 #aij ,communications2 #aia ,night op]ations2 #aia ,patrols2 #aia ,lead]2 #aia ,conduct (2 #aib ,report2 #aib ,return2 #aic ,advance gu>d2 #aic ,re> gu>d2 #aid ,flank gu>d2 #aid ,camps2 #aid ,m>* outpo/2 #aid ,outpo/2 #aie ,outl9e ( field s]vice regulations2 #aig ,l& =ces ( ,u4,s42 #aig ,milit>y in=mation2 #aig ,transmission ( in=mation2 #aih ,que/ions & answ]s on2 #bjf ,,*apt] #i4 ,fe$+ m52 #bac ,9 camp2 #bac ,on ! m>*2 #bad ,= individual cook+2 #bad ,9 ! tr5*es2 #bae ,rations & cook+2 #bae ,camp+ & camp sanitation2 #baf ,g5]al pr9ciples2 #baf ,,*apt] #aj4 ,p]sonal hygi5e & fir/ aid2 #bba ,p]sonal hygi5e2 #bba ,ba?+2 #bba ,sexual indulg5ce2 #bbb ,ex]cise2 #bbb ,cleanl9ess ( surr\nd+s2 #bbc ,prev5table diseases2 #bbc ,typhoid fev]2 #bbc ,dys5t]y2 #bbc ,mal>ia2 #bbd ,tonsilitis & colds2 #bbd ,measles2 #bbd ,fir/ aid2 #bbd ,gr\nds2 #bbd ,poison$ w\nds2 #bbe ,diagnosis tag2 #bbe ,treatm5t ( w\nds2 #bbe ,ble$+ w\nds2 #bbe ,fa9t+1 heat exhau/ion & %ock2 #bbf ,sun/roke2 #bbf ,burns & scalds2 #bbf ,freez+ & fro/bites2 #bbf ,fractures2 #bbf ,treatm5t2 #bbg ,artificial respiration2 #bbg ,tr5* foot2 #bbg ,,*apt] #aa4 ,signal+2 #bbi ,semaphore2 #bbi ,fir/ cycle2 #bbi ,second cycle2 #bbi ,?ird cycle2 #bbi ,f\r? cycle2 #bcj ,d\bles2 #bcj ,in/ruct+2 #bcj ,second /ep2 #bcj ,?ird /ep2 #bcj ,f\r? /ep2 #bcj ,wig wag2 #bcb ,po9ts to rememb]2 #bcc ,lett] codes2 #bcc ,arm signals2 #bcd ,=w>d1 m>*2 #bcd ,halt2 #bcd ,d\ble "t1 m>*2 #bcd ,squads "r1 m>*2 #bcd ,squads left1 m>*2 #bcd ,squads "r ab\t1 m>*2 #bcd ,*ange direction or column "r1 m>*2 #bcd ,z skirmi%]s1 m>*2 #bcd ,z skirmi%]s1 guide c5t]1 m>*2 #bce ,z skirmi%]s1 guide "r1 m>*2 #bce ,assemble1 m>*2 #bce ,range1 or *ange elevation2 #bce ,:at range are y us+82 #bce ,are y ready82 #bce ,comm5ce fir+2 #bce ,fire fa/]2 #bce ,fire sl[]2 #bce ,to sw+ ! cone ( fire2 #bce ,fix bayonet2 #bcf ,susp5d fir+2 #bcf ,cease fir+2 #bcf ,platoon2 #bcf ,squad2 #bcf ,ru%2 #bcf ,,*apt] #ab4 ,gu>d duty2 #bcg ,gu>ds2 #bcg ,=mal gu>d m\nt+2 #bch ,c]emony2 #bch ,fir/ detail2 #bci ,o!r details2 #bci ,s]geant major2 #bci ,adjutant2 #bci1 #bdj1 #bda ,(fic] ( ! gu>d2 #bdj ,new (fic] ( ! day2 #bdj ,comm&] ( ! gu>d2 #bda ,gu>d duty 9 ! tr5*es2 #bda ,,*apt] #ac4 ,company adm9i/ration2 #bde ,notes on organization2 #bde ,prep>e 9 advance to receive m52 #bde ,duties2 #bde ,if 9 cantonm5ts2 #bdf ,if 9 t5ts2 #bdf ,m5 report+2 #bdf ,issue ( equipm5t2 #bdg ,organization2 #bdh ,day's r\t9e2 #bdi ,reveille2 #bej ,mess2 #bej1 #bea ,sick call2 #bej1 #bea ,morn+ in/ruction2 #bej ,aft]noon in/ruction2 #bea ,retreat2 #bea ,s*ool call2 #bea ,tattoo2 #bea ,call to qu>t]s2 #bea ,taps2 #bea ,sundays & holidays2 #beb ,details2 #beb ,pap] "w2 #beb ,milit>y correspond5ce2 #bec ,morn+ report2 #bed ,ration return2 #bed ,sick report2 #bed ,duty ro/]2 #bed ,mon?ly return2 #bee ,s]vice record2 #bee ,dis*>ge2 #bee ,f9al /atem5t2 #bee ,mu/] roll2 #bee ,pay roll2 #bef ,names2 #beg ,losses2 #beg ,,*apt] #ad4 ,conf]5ces2 #bei ,/udy2 #bei ,syllabus3 ,small problems = infantry2 #bfa ,exam9ations2 #bfi ,milit>y sci5ce & tactics2 #bge ,m9or tactics2 #bge ,,*apt] #ae4 ,tr5* w>f>e2 #bhg ,g5]al pr9ciples2 #bhg ,in/ructions to be issu$ by battalion comm&]2 #bhg ,attack ( a def5sive position2 #bhi ,attack+ f tr5*es2 #bia ,def5se ( tr5*es2 #bif ,liaison2 #bih ,tr5* ord]s2 #bii ,selection ( site2 #cjb ,tr5* con/ruction2 #cjc1 #cjg ,g5]al arrangem5t2 #cjc ,sy/em ( lay+ out tr5*es2 #cjg ,revettm5ts2 #cjh ,sod2 #caj ,s& bags2 #caj ,concrete "w2 #caj ,gabions2 #caj ,tr5* armam5t2 #caa ,loopholes2 #caa ,tr5* bottoms2 #caa ,communication tr5*2 #cac ,latr9es2 #cae ,%elt]s2 #cae ,dug\ts2 #cag ,s5tries2 #cag ,position2 #cag ,entrances2 #cag ,gall]ies2 #cah ,bomb-traps2 #cah ,int]ior2 #cah ,depots = supplies2 #cah ,telephones2 #cai ,dep>ture p>allel2 #cai ,ma*9e gun emplacem5ts2 #cai ,li/5+ po/s2 #cba ,wire entanglem5ts2 #cba ,high entanglem5ts2 #cba ,trac+ entanglem5ts2 #cbb ,l[ entanglem5ts2 #cbb ,loose wire2 #cbb ,criticisms by ,lieut ,h5ri ,poire2 #cbb ,occupation2 #cbe ,two ma9 classes ( relief2 #cbe ,g5]al pr9ciples ( relief2 #cbe ,me*anism ( relief2 #cbe ,attack dur+ ! m>*2 #cbh ,! /ay 9 ! tr5*es2 #cbi ,f\r objects ( a tr5* comm&]2 #cbi ,8 plan ( def5se2 #cbi ,organization ( def5se2 #cbi ,liaison2 #cca ,obs]vation2 #cca ,tr5* "w2 #ccc ,(f5sive op]ations2 #ccd ,rule ( ! tr5* comm&]2 #cce ,duties ( ! company comm&]2 #cce ,duties ( platoon lead]s z (fic]s on duty2 #cci ,duties ( platoon lead]s2 #cci ,9 front l9e tr5*es2 #cdj ,duties ( non-commission$ (fic] on duty2 #cda ,patrols2 #cdb ,s5t9els2 #cdb ,ma*9e guns2 #cdb ,snip]s2 #cdc ,organization ( a platoon2 #cdd ,deploym5ts2 #cdf ,normal battalion =mation 9 attack2 #cdg ,g5]al pr9ciples ( ! platoon =mation 9 assault ( =tifi$ positions2 #cdi ,rem>ks reg>d+ =m+ ( wave f close ord]2 #cec ,"s que/ions a platoon comm&] %\ld ask himself2 #ced ,def5sive measure aga9/ gas attacks2 #cef ,g5]al consid]ations2 #cef ,nature ( gas attacks2 #cef ,gas cl\ds2 #cef ,gas projectiles2 #ceh ,te> or la*rymatory %ells2 #cei ,poison %ells2 #cei ,smoke2 #cei ,m9e & explosion gases2 #cei ,protection ( %elt]s2 #cfj ,me?ods ( protection2 #cfj ,%elt]s :i* %\ld be protect$2 #cfa ,protection ( weapons & equipm5t2 #cfa ,small arms & ,s4,a4,a42 #cfb ,h& & rifle gr5ades2 #cfb ,light tr5* mort>s2 #cfb ,action to be tak5 9 tr5*es on gas al>m2 #cfc ,action to be tak5 9 billets & back areas2 #cfc ,action dur+ gas attack2 #cfd ,protective measures2 #cfd ,tactical measures2 #cfd ,precautions aga9/ gas %ells2 #cfe ,action subsequ5t to a gas attack2 #cfg ,g5]al2 #cfg ,movem5t2 #cfg ,cle>+ dug\ts & o!r %elt]s2 #cfg ,v5tilation2 #cfh ,natural2 #cfh ,by fire2 #cfh ,by fann+2 #cfi ,clean+ arms & ammunition2 #cfi ,treatm5t ( %ell holes2 #cgj ,concealm5t f a]ial obs]v]s2 #cgj ,ord]s gov]n+ intr5*m5t problems2 #cgb ,company organization2 #chd ,company headqu>t]s2 #chd ,headqu>t]s2 #chd ,p]sonnel2 #che ,commission$2 #che ,enli/$2 #chf ,equipm5t2 #chf ,tr5* /&+ ord]s2 #chf ,duties2 #chf ,s5tries2 #chg ,patrols2 #chh ,/& to2 #chi ,ma*9e guns2 #chi ,reliefs2 #cij ,guides2 #cia ,smok+ & talk+2 #cia ,proc$ure on arrival at tr5*es2 #cia ,log books2 #cib ,equipm5t2 #cib ,/ret*] be>]s2 #cib ,discipl9e2 #cib ,rations & cook+2 #cic ,sanitation2 #cic ,em]g5cy dumps = companies 7mat]ial72 #cid ,cont5ts ( dump2 #cid ,/ores = company2 #cid ,/ores at battalion headqu>t]s2 #cid ,conclusion2 #cif ,bibliography2 #cig