,scanned by ,charles ,keller with ,omni,page ,professional ,,ocr software ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,lawn ,,tennis by ,,william ,t4 ,,tilden1 #b;,d ,to ,r4 ,d4 ,k4 ,,and ,m4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,my ,,buddies ,w4 ,t4 ,t4 #b;,d ,,introduction ,tennis is at once an art and a science4 ,the game as played by such men as ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 the late ,anthony ,wilding1 ,william ,m4 ,johnston1 and ,r4 ,n4 ,williams is art4 ,yet like all true art1 it has its basis in scientific methods that must be learned and learned thoroughly for a foundation before the artistic structure of a great tennis game can be constructed4 ,every player who helps to attain a high degree of efficiency should have a clearly defined method of development and adhere to it4 ,he should be certain that it is based on sound principles and1 once assured of that1 follow it1 even though his progress seems slow and discouraging4 ,i began tennis wrong4 ,my strokes were wrong and my viewpoint clouded4 ,i had no early training such as many of our ,american boys have at the present time4 ,no one told me the importance of the fundamentals of the game1 such as keeping the eye on the ball or correct body position and footwork4 ,i was given a racquet and allowed to hit the ball4 ,naturally1 like all beginners1 ,i acquired many very serious faults4 ,i worried along with moderate success until ,i had been graduated from school1 beating some fairly good players1 but losing some matches to men below my class4 ,the year following my graduation the new ,captain of my ,alma ,mater's team asked me if ,i would aid him in developing the squad for next year4 ,well1 ,fools rush in where angels fear to tread1 so ,i said ,yes4 ,at that point my tennis education began4 ,the youngsters comprising our tennis squad all knew me well and felt at perfect liberty to ask me as many questions as they could think up4 ,i was besieged with requests to explain why ,jones missed a forehand drive down the side-line1 or ,smith couldn't serve well1 or ,brown failed to hit the ball at all4 ,frankly1 ,i did not know1 but ,i answered them something at the moment and said to myself it was time ,i learned some fundamentals of tennis4 ,so ,i began to study the reasons why certain shots are missed and others made4 ,why certain balls are hit so much faster though with less effort than others1 and why some players are great while most are only good4 ,i am still studying1 but my results to date have resulted in a definite system to be learned1 and it is this which ,i hope to explain to you in my book4 ,tennis has a language all its own4 ,the idioms of the game should be learned1 as all books on the game are written in tennis parlance4 ,the technical terms and their counterpart in slang need to be understood to thoroughly grasp the idea in any written tennis account4 ,i do not believe in using a great deal of space carefully defining each blade of grass on a court1 or each rule of the game4 ,it gets nowhere4 ,i do advocate teaching the terms of the game4 #a4 ,,the ,,court4 ,the ,baseline,the back line4 ,the ,service-line,the back line of the service court1 extending from side-line to side-line at a point #ba feet from the net4 ,the ,alleys,the space on each side of the court between the side service-line and the outside sideline of a doubles court4 ,they are used only when playing doubles and are not marked on a single court4 ,the ,net,the barrier that stretches across the court in the exact centre4 ,it is #c feet high at the centre and #c feet #f inches high at the posts which stand #c feet outside the sidelines4 #b4 ,,strokes 7,two ,general ,classes74 ,a4 ,ground strokes,all shots hit from the baselines off the bounce of the ball4 ,b4 ,volleys,shots hit while the ball is in flight through the air1 previous to its bound4 ,the ,service,the method of putting the ball in play4 ,the ,drive,a ground stroke hit with a flat racquet face and carrying top spin4 ,the ,chop,an undercut ground stroke is the general definition of a chop4 ,the slice and chop are so closely related that1 except in stroke analysis1 they may be called chop4 ,stop ,volley,blocking a hall short in its flight4 ,half ,volley or ,trap ,shot,a pick up4 ,the ,smash,hitting on the full any overhead ball4 ,the ,lob,hitting the ball in a high parabola4 #c4 ,,twist ,,on ,,the ,,ball4 ,top ,spin,the ball spins towards the ground and in the direction of its flight4 ,chop1 ,cut1 or ,drag,the ball spins upwards from the ground and against the line of flight4 ,this is slightly deviated in the slice1 but all these terms are used to designate the under-struck1 back-spinning ball4 ,reverse ,twist,a ball that carries a rotary spin that curves one way and bounces the opposite4 ,break,a spin which causes the ball to bounce at an angle to its line of flight4 #d4 ,,let,a service that touches the net in its flight yet falls in court1 or any illegal or irregular point that does not count4 #e4 ,,fault,an illegal service4 #f4 ,,out,any shot hit outside legal boundaries of the court4 #g4 ,,good,any shot that strikes in a legal manner prescribed by rules of the game4 #h4 ,,footfault,an illegal service delivery due to incorrect position of the server's feet4 #i4 ,,server,player delivering service4 #aj4 ,,receiver or ,,striker,player returning service4 ,w4 ,t4 ,t4 ,,wimbledon1 ,july #aibj ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition ,the season of #aiba was so epoch-making in the game of tennis1 combining as it did the greatest number of ,davis ,cup matches that have ever been held in one year1 the invasion of ,france and ,england by an ,american team1 the first appearance in ,america of ,mlle4 ,suzanne ,lenglen and her unfortunate collapse1 and finally the rise to prominence of ,japan as a leading factor in the tennis world that ,i have incorporated a record of the season's outstanding features and some sidelights and personality sketches on the new stars in the new addition of this book4 ,the importance of women's tennis has grown so tremendously in the past few years that ,i have also added a review of the game and its progress in ,america4 ,not only has ,mlle4 ,lenglen placed her mark indelibly on the pages of tennis history but #aiba served to raise ,mrs4 ,molla ,bjurstedt ,mallory to the position in the world that she rightly deserves1 that of the greatest match winner of all women4 ,the past season brought the return to ,american courts of ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy and ,miss ,mary ,browne1 in itself an event of sufficient importance to set the year apart as one of highest value4 ,the outstanding performances of the two juniors1 ,vincent ,richards and ,arnold ,jones1 must be regarded as worthy of permanent recognition and among the outstanding features of a noteworthy year4 ,thus it is with a sense of recording history- making facts that ,i turn to the events of #aiba4 ,,william ,t4 ,,tilden #b;,d ,,germantown1 ,,philadelphia ,,contents ,,introduction ,,preface ,,to ,,new ,,edition ,,part ,i3 ,,tennis ,,technique--,,strokes ,,and ,,fundamentals ,,of ,,the ,,game ,,chapter ,i ,,for ,,novices ,,only ,,ii ,,the ,,drive ,,iii ,,service ,,iv ,,the ,,volley ,,and ,,overhead ,,smash ,v ,,chop1 ,,half ,,volley1 ,,and ,,court ,,position ,,part ,,ii3 ,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,tennis ,,psychology ,,vi ,,general ,,tennis ,,psychology ,,vii ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,match ,,play ,,viii ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,physical ,,fitness ,,ix ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,singles ,,and ,,doubles ,,part ,,iii3 ,,modern ,,tennis ,,and ,,its ,,future ,x ,,the ,,growth ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,game ,,xi ,,the ,,probable ,,future ,,of ,,the ,,game ,,part ,,iv3 ,,some ,,sidelights ,,on ,,famous ,,players ,,introductory ,,xii ,,america ,,xiii ,,british ,,isles ,,xiv ,,france ,,and ,,japan ,,xv ,,spain ,,and ,,the ,,continent ,,xvi ,,the ,,colonies ,,xvii ,,famous ,,women ,,players ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,lawn ,,tennis ,,part ,i3 ,,tennis ,,technique--,,strokes ,,and ,,fundamentals ,,of ,,the ,,game ,,chapter ,i4 ,,for ,,novices ,,only ,i trust this initial effort of mine in the world of letters will find a place among both novices and experts in the tennis world4 ,i am striving to interest the student of the game by a somewhat prolonged discussion of match play1 which ,i trust will shed a new light on the game4 ,may ,i turn to the novice at my opening and speak of certain matters which are second nature to the skilled player8 ,the best tennis equipment is not too good for the beginner who seeks really to succeed4 ,it is a saving in the end1 as good quality material so far outlasts poor4 ,always dress in tennis clothes when engaging in tennis4 ,white is the established colour4 ,soft shirt1 white flannel trousers1 heavy white socks1 and rubber-soled shoes form the accepted dress for tennis4 ,do not appear on the courts in dark clothes1 as they are apt to be heavy and hinder your speed of movement1 and also they are a violation of the unwritten ethics of the game4 ,the question of choosing a racquet is a much more serious matter4 ,i do not advocate forcing a certain racquet upon any player4 ,all the standard makes are excellent4 ,it is in weight1 balance1 and size of handle that the real value of a racquet frame depends1 while good stringing is1 essential to obtain the best results4 ,the average player should use a racquet that weighs between #ac #a_/b and #ad #a_/b ounces inclusive4 ,i think that the best results may be obtained by a balance that is almost even or slightly heavy on the head4 ,decide your handle from the individual choice4 ,pick the one that fits comfortably in the hand4 ,do not use too small a handle or too light a racquet1 as it is apt to turn in the hand4 ,i recommend a handle of #e #a_/d to #e #c_/h inches at the grip4 ,do not use a racquet you do not like merely because your best friend advises it4 ,it may suit him perfectly1 but would not do for you at all4 ,do not start children playing tennis with an under-sized racquet4 ,it weakens the wrist and does not aid the child in learning strokes4 ,start a child1 boy or girl1 with a full-sized racquet of at least #ac ounces4 ,after you have acquired your racquet1 make a firm resolve to use good tennis balls1 as a regular bounce is a great aid to advancement1 while a dead ball is no practice at all4 ,if you really desire to succeed at the game and advance rapidly1 ,i strongly urge you to see all the good tennis you can4 ,study the play of the leading players and strive to copy their strokes4 ,read all the tennis instruction books you can find4 ,they are a great assistance4 ,i shall be accused of press- agitating my own book by this statement1 but such was my belief long before ,i ever thought of writing a book of my own4 ,more tennis can be learned off the court1 in the study of theory1 and in watching the best players in action1 than can ever be learned in actual play4 ,i do not mean miss opportunities to play4 ,far from it4 ,play whenever possible1 but strive when playing to put in practice the theories you have read or the strokes you have watched4 ,never be discouraged at slow progress4 ,the trick over some stroke you have worked over for weeks unsuccessfully will suddenly come to you when least expected4 ,tennis players are the product of hard work4 ,very few are born geniuses at the game4 ,tennis is a game that pays you dividends all your life4 ,a tennis racquet is a letter of introduction in any town4 ,the brotherhood of the game is universal1 for none but a good sportsman can succeed in the game for any lengthy period4 ,tennis provides relaxation1 excitement1 exercise1 and pure enjoyment to the man who is tied hard and fast to his business until late afternoon4 ,age is not a drawback4 ,vincent ,richards held the ,national ,doubles ,championship of ,america at fifteen1 while ,william ,a4 ,larned won the singles at past forty4 ,men of sixty are seen daily on the clubs' courts of ,england and ,america enjoying their game as keenly as any boy4 ,it is to this game1 in great measure1 that they owe the physical fitness which enables them to play at their advanced age4 ,the tennis players of the world wrote a magnificent page in the history of the ,world ,war4 ,no branch of sport sent more men to the colours from every country in the world than tennis1 and these men returned with glory or paid the supreme sacrifice on the field of honour4 ,i transgressed from my opening to show you that tennis is a game worth playing and playing well4 ,it deserves your best1 and only by learning it correctly can you give that best4 ,if in my book ,i help you on your way to fame1 ,i feel amply repaid for all the time spent in analysing the strokes and tactics ,i set before you in these pages4 ,i am going to commence my explanation by talking to the players whose games are not yet formed4 ,at least once every season ,i go back to first principles to pull myself out of some rut into which carelessness dropped me4 ,from a long and1 many times1 sad experience over a period of some ten years of tournament tennis1 ,i believe the following order of development produces the quickest and most lasting results3 #a4 ,concentration on the game4 #b4 ,keep the eye on the ball4 #c4 ,foot-work and weight-control4 #d4 ,strokes4 #e4 ,court position4 #f4 ,court generalship or match play4 #g4 ,tennis psychology4 ,tennis is a game of intimate personal relation4 ,you constantly find yourself meeting some definite idea of your opponent4 ,the personal equation is the basis of tennis success4 ,a great player not only knows himself1 in both strength and weakness1 but he must study is opponent at all times4 ,in order to be able to do this a player must not be hampered by a glaring weakness in the fundamentals of his own game1 or he will be so occupied trying to hide it that he will have no time to worry his opponent4 ,the fundamental weakness of ,gerald ,patterson's backhand stroke is so apparent that any player within his class dwarfs ,patterson's style by continually pounding at it4 ,the ,patterson overhead and service are first class1 yet both are rendered impotent1 once a man has solved the method of returning low to the backhand1 for ,patterson seldom succeeds in taking the offensive again in that point4 ,i am trying to make clear the importance of such first principles as ,i will now explain4 ,,concentration ,tennis is played primarily with the mind4 ,the most perfect racquet technique in the world will not suffice if the directing mind is wandering4 ,there are many causes of a wandering mind in a tennis match4 ,the chief one is lack of interest in the game4 ,no one should play tennis with an idea of real success unless he cares sufficiently about the game to be willing to do the drudgery necessary in learning the game correctly4 ,give it up at once unless you are willing to work4 ,conditions of play or the noises in the gallery often confuse and bewilder experienced match-players playing under new surroundings4 ,complete concentration on the matter in hand is the only cure for a wandering mind1 and the sooner the lesson is learned the more rapid the improvement of the player4 ,an amusing example1 to all but the player affected1 occurred at the finals of the ,delaware ,state ,singles ,championship at ,wilmington4 ,i was playing ,joseph ,j4 ,armstrong4 ,the ,championship ,court borders the ,no4 #a hole of the famous golf course4 ,the score stood at one set all and #c-d and #cj-dj1 ,armstrong serving4 ,he served a fault and started a second delivery4 ,just as he commenced his swing1 a loud and very lusty ,fore6 rang out from the links4 ,armstrong unconsciously looked away and served his delivery to the backstop and the game to me4 ,the umpire refused to let call and the incident closed4 ,yet a wandering mind in that case meant the loss of a set4 ,the surest way to hold a match in mind is to play for every set1 every game in the set1 every point in the game and1 finally1 every shot in the point4 ,a set is merely a conglomeration of made and missed shots1 and the man who does not miss is the ultimate victor4 ,please do not think ,i am advocating pat-ball4 ,i am not4 ,i believe in playing for your shot every time you have an opening4 ,i do not believe in trying to win the point every time you hit the ball4 ,never allow your concentration on any game to become so great that you do not at all times know the score and play to it4 ,i mean both point score and game score4 ,in my explanation of match play in a later chapter ,i am going into a detailed account of playing to the score4 ,it is as vital in tennis as it is in bridge1 and all bridge players know that the score is the determining factor in your mode of bidding4 ,let me urge again concentration4 ,practise seriously4 ,do not fool on the court1 as it is the worst enemy to progress4 ,carelessness or laziness only results in retrogression1 never progress4 ,let me turn now to the first principle of all ball games1 whether tennis1 golf1 cricket1 baseball1 polo1 or football4 ,,keep ,,your ,,eye ,,on ,,the ,,ball6 ,just a few statistics to show you how vital it is that the eye must be kept on the ball ,,until ,,the ,,moment ,,of ,,striking ,,it4 ,about #he per cent of the points in tennis are errors1 and the remainder earned points4 ,as the standard of play rises the percentage of errors drops until1 in the average high-class tournament match1 #fj per cent are errors and #dj per cent aces4 ,any average superior to this is super-tennis4 ,thus the importance of getting the ball in play cannot be too greatly emphasized4 ,every time you put the ball back to your opponent you give him another chance to miss4 ,there are several causes for missing strokes4 ,first1 and by far the largest class1 is not looking at the ball up to the moment of striking it4 ,fully #hj per cent of all errors are caused by taking the eye from the ball in the last one-fifth of a second of its flight4 ,the remaining #bj per cent of errors are about #ae per cent bad footwork1 and the other #e per cent poor racquet work and bad bounces4 ,the eye is a small camera4 ,all of us enjoy dabbling in amateur photography1 and every amateur must take action pictures with his first camera4 ,it is a natural desire to attain to the hardest before understanding how to reach it4 ,the result is one of two things3 either a blurred moving object and a clear background1 or a clear moving object and a blurred background4 ,both suggest speed1 but only one is a good picture of the object one attempted to photograph4 ,in the first case the camera eye was focused on the background and not on the object1 while in the second1 which produced the result desired1 the camera eye was firmly focused on the moving object itself4 ,just so with the human eye4 ,it will give both effects1 but never a clear background and moving object at the same time1 once that object reaches a point #aj feet from the eye4 ,the perspective is wrong1 and the eye cannot adjust itself to the distance range speedily enough4 ,now the tennis ball is your moving object while the court1 gallery1 net1 and your opponent constitute your background4 ,you desire to hit the ball cleanly1 therefore do not look at the other factors concerned1 but concentrate solely on focusing the eye firmly on the ball1 and watching it until the moment of impact with your racquet face4 ,how do ,i know where my opponent is1 or how much court ,i have to hit in8 ask countless beginners4 ,remember this3 that a tennis court is always the same size1 with the net the same height and in the same relation to you at all times1 so there is no need to look at it every moment or so to see if it has moved4 ,only an earthquake can change its position4 ,as to your opponent1 it makes little difference about his position1 because it is determined by the shot you are striving to return4 ,where he will be ,i will strive to explain in my chapter on court position2 but his whereabouts are known without looking at him4 ,you are not trying to hit him4 ,you strive to miss him4 ,therefore1 since you must watch what you strive to hit and not follow what you only wish to miss1 keep your eye on the ball1 and let your opponent take care of himself4 ,science has proved that given a tennis ball passing from point ,a to point ,b with the receiving player at ,b1 that if the player at ,b keeps his eye on the ball throughout its full flight his chance of making a good ,a #a #b #c #d ,b ------------------------------- return at ,b is five times as great as if he took his eye off the ball at a point #d1 or #d_/e of a second of its flight4 ,likewise it is ten times as great at ,b as it is if the eye is removed from the ball at #c1 or #c_/e of a second of its flight4 ,why increase your chances of error by five times or ten times when it is unnecessary8 ,the average player follows the ball to #d1 and then he takes a last look at his opponent to see where he is1 and by so doing increases his chance of error five times4 ,he judges the flight of the ball some #aj feet away1 and never really sees it again until he has hit it 7if he does74 ,a slight deflection caused by the wind or a small misjudgment of curve will certainly mean error4 ,remembering the #he percent errors in tennis1 ,i again ask you if it is worth while to take the risk8 ,there are many other reasons why keeping the eye on the ball is a great aid to the player4 ,it tends to hold his attention so that outside occurrences will not distract4 ,movements in the gallery are not seen1 and stray dogs1 that seem to particularly enjoy sleeping in the middle of a tennis court during a hard match1 are not seen on their way to their sleeping quarters4 ,having learned the knack of watching the ball at all times1 ,i felt that nothing would worry me1 until three years ago at the ,american ,championships1 when ,i was playing ,t4 ,r4 ,pell4 ,a press- camera man eluded the watchful eye of the officials1 and unobtrusively seated himself close to our sideline to acquire some action pictures4 ,pell angled sharply by to my backhand1 and ,i ran at my hardest for the shot1 eyes fixed solely on the ball4 ,i hauled off to hit it a mighty drive1 which would have probably gone over the backstop1 when suddenly ,i heard a camera click just under me1 and the next moment camera1 pressman1 and tennis player were rolling in a heap all over the court4 ,the pressman got his action picture and a sore foot where ,i walked on him1 and all ,i got was a sore arm and a ruffled temper4 ,that's why ,i don't like cameras right under my nose when ,i play matches1 but for all that ,i still advocate keeping your eye on the ball4 ,,grip1 ,,footwork1 ,,and ,,strokes ,footwork is weight control4 ,it is correct body position for strokes1 and out of it all strokes should grow4 ,in explaining the various forms of stroke and footwork ,i am writing as a right-hand player4 ,left- handers should simply reverse the feet4 ,racquet grip is a very essential part of stroke1 because a faulty grip will ruin the finest serving4 ,there is the so-called ,western or ,californian grip as typified by ,maurice ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 ,willis1 ,e4 ,davis1 and1 to a slightly modified degree1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 the ,american champion4 ,it is a natural grip for a top forehand drive4 ,it is inherently weak for the backhand1 as the only natural shot is a chop stroke4 ,the ,english grip1 with the low wrist on all ground strokes1 has proved very successful in the past4 ,yet the broken line of the arm and hand does not commend itself to me1 as any broken line is weak under stress4 ,the ,eastern ,american grip1 which ,i advocate1 is the ,english grip without the low wrist and broken line4 ,to acquire the forehand grip1 hold the racquet with the edge of the frame towards the ground and the face perpendicular1 the handle towards the body1 and shake hands with it1 just as if you were greeting a friend4 ,the handle settled comfortably and naturally into the hand1 the line of the arm1 hand1 and racquet are one4 ,the swing brings the racquet head on a line with the arm1 and the whole racquet is merely an extension of it4 ,the backhand grip is a quarter circle turn of hand on the handle1 bringing the hand on top of the handle and the knuckles directly up4 ,the shot travels ,,across the wrist4 ,this is the best basis for a grip4 ,i do not advocate learning this grip exactly1 but model your natural grip as closely as possible on these lines without sacrificing your own comfort or individuality4 ,having once settled the racquet in the hand1 the next question is the position of the body and the order of developing strokes4 ,in explaining footwork ,i am1 in future1 going to refer in all forehand shots to the right foot as ,r or back foot1 and to the left as ,l or front4 ,for the backhand the ,l foot is back and ,r is front4 ,all tennis strokes1 should be made with the body' at right angles to the net1 with the shoulders lined up parallel to the line of flight of the ball4 ,the weight should always travel forward4 ,it should pass from the back foot to the front foot at the moment of striking the ball4 ,never allow the weight to be going away from the stroke4 ,it is weight that determines the pace of a stroke2 swing that1 decides the speed4 ,let me explain the definitions of speed and pace4 ,speed is the actual rate with which a ball travels through the air4 ,pace is the momentum with which it comes off the ground4 ,pace is weight4 ,it is the sting the ball carries when it comes off the ground1 giving the inexperienced or unsuspecting player a shock of force which the stroke in no way showed4 ,notable examples of pace are such men as ,w4 ,a4 ,larned1 ,a4 ,w4 ,gore1 ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 and among the younger players1 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,major ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 and1 on his forehand stroke1 ,charles ,s4 ,garland4 ,m4 ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 ,willis ,e4 ,davis1 ,harold ,throckmorton and several others are famous speed exponents4 ,a great many players have both speed and pace4 ,some shots may carry both4 ,the order of learning strokes should be3 #a4 ,the ,drive4 ,fore- and backhand4 ,this is the foundation of all tennis1 for you cannot build up a net attack unless you have the ground stroke to open the way4 ,nor can you meet a net attack successfully unless you can drive1 as that is the only successful passing shot4 #b4 ,the ,service4 #c4 ,the ,volley and ,overhead ,smash4 #d4 ,the ,chop or ,half ,volley and other incidental and ornamental strokes4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,drive ,the forehand drive is the opening of every offensive in tennis1 and1 as such1 should be most carefully studied4 ,there are certain rules of footwork that apply to all shots4 ,to reach a ball that is a short distance away1 advance the foot that is away from the shot and thus swing into position to hit4 ,if a ball is too close to the body1 retreat the foot closest to the shot and drop the weight back on it1 thus1 again1 being in position for the stroke4 ,when hurried1 and it is not possible to change the foot position1 throw the weight on the foot closest to the ball4 ,the receiver should always await the service facing the net1 but once the serve is started on the way to court1 the receiver should at once attain the position to receive it with the body at right angles to the net4 ,the forehand drive is made up of one continuous swing of the racquet that1 for the purpose of analysis1 may be divided into three parts3 #a4 ,the portion of the swing behind the body1 which determines the speed of the stroke4 #b4 ,that portion immediately in front of the body which determines the direction and1 in conjunction with weight shift from one foot to the other1 the pace of the shot4 #c4 ,the portion beyond the body1 comparable to the golfer's follow through1 determines spin1 top or slice1 imparted to the ball4 ,all drives should be topped4 ,the slice shot is a totally different stroke4 ,to drive straight down the side-line1 construct in theory a parallelogram with two sides made up of the side-line and your shoulders1 and the two ends1 the lines of your feet1 which should1 if extended1 form the right angles with the side-lines4 ,meet the ball at a point about #d to #d #a_/b feet from the body immediately in front of the belt buckle1 and shift the weight from the back to the front foot at the ,,moment ,,of ,,striking ,,the ,,ball4 ,the swing of the racquet should be flat and straight through4 ,the racquet head should be on a line with the hand1 or1 if anything1 slightly in advance2 the whole arm and the racquet should turn slightly over the ball as it leaves the racquet face and the stroke continue to the limit of the swing1 thus imparting top spin to the ball4 ,the hitting plane for all ground strokes should be between the knees and shoulders4 ,the most favourable plane is on a line with the waist4 ,in driving across the court from the right 7or ,no4 #a7 court1 advance the ,l or front foot slightly towards the side-line and shift the weight a fraction of a second sooner4 ,as the weight shifts1 pivot slightly on the ,l foot and drive flat1 diagonally1 across the court4 ,do not pull your cross-court drive1 unless with the express purpose of passing the net man and using that method to disguise your shot4 ,,never ,,step ,,away ,,from ,,the ,,ball ,,in ,,driving ,,cross ,,court4 ,,always ,,throw ,,your ,,weight ,,in ,,the ,,shot4 ,the forehand drive from the ,no4 #b 7or left7 court is identically the same for the straight shot down your opponent's forehand4 ,for the cross drive to his backhand1 you must conceive of a diagonal line from your backhand corner to his1 and thus make your stroke with the footwork as if this imaginary line were the side-line4 ,in other words1 line up your body along your shot and make your regular drive4 ,do not try to spoon the ball over with a delayed wrist motion1 as it tends to slide the ball off your racquet4 ,all drives should be made with a stiff1 locked wrist4 ,there is no wrist movement in a true drive4 ,top spin is imparted by the arm1 not the wrist4 ,the backhand drive follows closely the principles of the forehand1 except that the weight shifts a moment sooner1 and the ,r or front foot should always be advanced a trifle closer to the side-line than the ,l so as to bring the body clear of the swing4 ,the ball should be met in front of the right leg1 instead of the belt buckle1 as the great tendency in backhand shots is to slice them out of the side-line1 and this will pull the ball cross court1 obviating this error4 ,the racquet head must be slightly in advance of the hand to aid in bringing the ball in the court4 ,do not strive for too much top spin on your backhand4 ,i strongly urge that no one should ever favour one department of his game1 in defence of a weakness4 ,develop both forehand and backhand1 and do not run around your backhand1 particularly in return of service4 ,to do so merely opens your court4 ,if you should do so1 strive to ace your returns1 because a weak effort would only result in a kill by your opponent4 ,do not develop one favourite shot and play nothing but that4 ,if you have a fair cross-court drive1 do not use it in practice1 but strive to develop an equally fine straight shot4 ,remember that the fast shot is the straight shot4 ,the cross drive must be slow1 for it has not the room owing to the increased angle and height of the net4 ,pass down the line with your drive1 but open the court with your cross-court shot4 ,drives should have depth4 ,the average drive should hit behind the service-line4 ,a fine drive should hit within #c feet of the baseline4 ,a cross-court drive should be shorter than a straight drive1 so as to increase the possible angle4 ,do not always play one length drive1 but learn to vary your distance according to your man4 ,you should drive deep against a baseliner1 but short against a net player1 striving to drop them at his feet as1 he comes in4 ,never allow your opponent to play a shot he likes if you can possibly force him to one he dislikes4 ,again ,i urge that you play your drive3 #a4 ,with the body sideways to the net4 #b4 ,the swing flat1 with long follow through4 #c4 ,the weight shifting just as the ball is hit4 ,do not strive for terrific speed at first4 ,the most essential thing about a drive is to put the ball in play4 ,i once heard ,william ,a4 ,larned remark1 when asked the most important thing in tennis1 ,put the ball over the net into the other man's court4 ,accuracy first1 and then put on your speed1 for if your shot is correct you can always learn1 to hit hard4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,service ,service is the opening gun of tennis4 ,it is putting the ball in play4 ,the old idea was that service should never be more than merely the beginning of a rally4 ,with the rise of ,american tennis and the advent of ,dwight ,davis and ,holcombe ,ward1 service took on a new significance4 ,these two men originated what is now known as the ,american ,twist delivery4 ,from a mere formality1 service became a point winner4 ,slowly it gained in importance1 until ,maurice ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 the wonderful ,california ,comet1 burst across the tennis sky with the first of those terrific cannon-ball deliveries that revolutionized the game1 and caused the old-school players to send out hurry calls for a severe footfault rule or some way of stopping the threatened destruction of all ground strokes4 ,m',loughlin made service a great factor in the game4 ,it remained for ,r4 ,n4 ,williams to supply the antidote that has again put service in the normal position of mere importance1 not omnipotence4 ,williams stood in on the delivery and took it on the rising bound4 ,service must be speedy4 ,yet speed is not the be-all and end-all4 ,service must be accurate1 reliable1 and varied4 ,it must be used with discretion and served with brains4 ,i believe perfect service is about #dj per cent placement1 #dj per cent speed1 and #bj per cent twist4 ,any tall player has an advantage over a short one1 in service4 ,given a man about #f feet and allow him the #c feet added by his reach1 it has been proved by tests that should he deliver a service1 perfectly flat1 with no variation caused by twist or wind1 that just cleared the net at its lowest point 7#c feet in the centre71 there is only a margin of #h inches of the service court in which the ball can possibly fall2 the remainder is below the net angle4 ,thus it is easy to see how important it is to use some form of twist to bring the ball into court4 ,not only must it go into court1 but it must be sufficiently speedy that the receiver does not have an opportunity of an easy kill4 ,it must also be placed so as to allow the server an advantage for his next return1 admitting the receiver puts the ball in play4 ,just as the first law of receiving is to1 put the ball in play1 so of service it is to cause the receiver to fall into error4 ,do not strive unduly for clean aces1 but use your service to upset the ground strokes of your opponent4 ,there are several style services in vogue in all countries4 ,the ,american twist has become one of the most popular forms of delivery and as such deserves special treatment4 ,the usual forms of service are 7#a7 the slice service1 7#b7 the ,american twist1 7#c7 the reverse delivery1 7#d7 the cannon ball or flat serve4 ,the slice service is the easiest and most natural form for all beginners1 and proves so effective that many great players use it4 ,it is the service of ,william ,m4 ,johnston1 ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 and many others4 ,service should be hit from as high a point as the server can ,,comfortably reach4 ,to stretch unnecessarily is both wearing on the server and unproductive of results4 ,the slice service should be hit from a point above the right shoulder and as high as possible4 ,the server should stand at about a forty-five degree angle to the baseline1 with both feet firmly planted on the ground4 ,drop the weight back on the right foot and swing the racquet freely and easily behind the back4 ,toss the ball high enough into the air to ensure it passing through the desired hitting plane1 and then start a slow shift of the weight forward1 at the same time increasing the power of the swing forward as the racquet commences its upward flight to the ball4 ,just as the ball meets the racquet face the weight should be thrown forward and the full power of the swing smashed into the service4 ,let the ball strike the racquet ,,inside the face of the strings1 with the racquet travelling directly towards the court4 ,the angle of the racquet face will impart the twist necessary to bring the ball in court4 ,the wrist should be somewhat flexible in service4 ,if necessary lift the right foot and swing the whole body forward with the arm4 ,twist slightly to the right1 using the left foot as a pivot4 ,the general line of the racquet swing is from ,,right to ,,left and always forward4 ,at this point and before ,i take up the other branches of serving1 let me put in a warning against footfaulting4 ,i can only say that a footfault is crossing or touching the line with either foot before the ball is delivered1 or it is a jump or step4 ,i am not going into a technical discussion of footfaults4 ,it is unnecessary1 and by placing your feet firmly before the service there is no need to footfault4 ,it is just as unfair to deliberately footfault as to miscall a ball1 and it is wholly unnecessary4 ,the average footfault is due to carelessness1 over-anxiety1 or ignorance of the rule4 ,all players are offenders at times1 but it can quickly be broken up4 ,following this outburst of warning let me return to the ,american twist service4 ,the stance for this is the same as for the slice1 but the ball is thrown slightly to the left of the head while the racquet passes up and over the call1 travelling from left to right and slightly forward4 ,the result is a curve to the left and the break of the bound to the right4 ,this service is not fast1 but gives an excellent chance to follow to the net1 since it travels high and slowly and its bound is deep4 ,the ,american twist service should be hit with the muscles of the side4 ,the slice is a shoulder swing4 ,the reverse twist is of an absolutely distinct type4 ,the stance is facing the net with both toes fronting the line4 ,the racquet is gripped as a club4 ,the ball is thrown in front of the body and not high4 ,the swing is a sharp wrist twist from right to left1 the ball carried for some distance on the face of the racquet4 ,the curve is from left to right while the bound is high and breaks sharply to the left4 ,this delivery is slow1 ineffective and very uncertain4 ,there is little opportunity to follow it to the net4 ,the cannon-ball service is nothing but a slice as regards swing and stance1 but it is hit with a flat racquet face1 thus imparting no spin to the ball4 ,it is a case of speed alone4 ,this service is a point winner when it goes in2 but its average must necessarily be poor since its margin of error is so small4 ,it is only useful to a tall man4 ,varied pace and varied speed is the keynote to a good service4 ,i spent hours in serving alone1 striving to disguise the twist and pace of the ball4 ,i would take a box of a dozen balls out on the court and serve the whole dozen to ,no4 #a court with one style of delivery4 ,then1 crossing1 ,i would serve them back with another type of service4 ,next1 ,i would try the left court from both sides4 ,my next move would be to pick out a certain section of the service court1 and serve for that until ,i could put the ball where ,i wanted it4 ,finally1 ,i would strive to put it there with speed4 ,all the time spent in this practice has stood me in good stead1 for to-day it is my service that pulls me out of many a deep hole1 and causes many a player to wish he was delivering the ball4 ,william ,m4 ,johnston1 the ,american ,champion1 has a remarkable service for so short a man4 ,he times his stroke perfectly1 and hits it at the top of his reach1 so that he gets the full benefit of every inch of his stature and every pound of his weight4 ,he uses the slice delivery in the majority of matches4 ,do not try freak services4 ,they are useless against high-class players4 ,sharp breaking underhand cuts can be easily angled off for points by a man who knows anything of the angles and effects of twist4 ,these deliveries are affectation if used more than once or twice in a long match4 ,a sudden shift may surprise your opponent2 but to continue to serve these freaks is to destroy their use4 ,mishu1 the ,rumanian star1 has many very peculiar deliveries2 but1 when playing against high-class tennis1 he has brains enough to use a straight service4 ,the freak services delight and yet annoy a gallery1 for once the novelty has worn off1 nothing but the conceit remains4 ,the object of service is to obtain the maximum return with the minimum effort4 ,this statement holds true for all tennis strokes1 but in none so strongly as in service4 ,the average player hits1 his first service so hard1 and with so little regard for direction1 that about nine out of ten first deliveries are faults4 ,thus1 one half your chances are thrown away1 and the chance of double faulting increased proportionately4 ,there is a well-known tennis saying to the effect that one fault is a mistake1 but two faults are a crime--that sums up the idea of service adequately4 ,a player should always strive to put his first delivery in court4 ,in the first place it is apt to catch your opponent napping1 as he half expects a fault4 ,secondly1 it conserves your energy by removing the need of a second delivery1 which1 in a long five-set match1 is an item of such importance that it may mean victory or defeat4 ,i urge all players to put their service into court with just as much speed as they can be sure of1 but to serve both deliveries at about the same speed4 ,do not slog the first ball and pat the second1 but hit both with average pace4 ,try for service aces whenever reasonable1 but never do so at the risk of double faulting4 ,the first ball is the ball to ace4 ,the second should never be risked4 ,your aces must at least equal your double faults1 or your service is a handicap and not an advantage4 ,the importance of service in doubles is more pronounced than in singles as regards holding it2 but the need for individual brilliancy is not so great1 as you have a partner already at the net to kill off any weak returns4 ,service is an attack1 and a successful attack should never break down4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,volley ,,and ,,overhead ,,smash ,the net attack is the heavy artillery of tennis4 ,it is supposed to crush all defence4 ,as such it must be regarded as a point-winning stroke at all times1 no matter whether the shot is volley or smash4 ,once at the net hit from the point at the first opportunity given to get the racquet squarely on the ball4 ,all the laws of footwork explained for the drive are theoretically the same in volleying4 ,in practice you seldom have time to change your feet to a set position1 so you obviate trouble by throwing the weight on the foot nearest to the ball and pushing it in the shot4 ,volleys are of two classes3 7#a7 the low volley1 made from below the waist2 and 7#b7 the high volley1 from the waist to the head4 ,in contradistinction to the hitting plane classification are the two styles known as 7#a7 the deep volley and 7#b7 the stop volley4 ,all low volleys are blocked4 ,high volleys may be either blocked or hit4 ,volleys should never be stroked4 ,there is no follow through on a low volley and very little on a high one4 ,you will hear much talk of chop volleys4 ,a chop stroke is one where the racquet travels from above the line of flight of the ball1 down and through it1 and the angle made behind the racquet is greater than #de degrees1 and many approach #ij degrees4 ,therefore ,i say that no volleys should be chopped1 for the tendency is to pop the ball up in the air off any chop4 ,slice volleys if you want to1 or hit them flat1 for both these shots are made at a very small angle to the flight-line of the ball1 the racquet face travelling almost along its plane4 ,in all volleys1 high or low1 the wrist should be locked and absolutely stiff4 ,it should always be below the racquet head1 thus bracing the racquet against the impact of the ball4 ,allow the force of the incoming shot1 plus your own weight1 to return the ball1 and do not strive to wrist it over4 ,the tilted racquet face will give any required angle to the return by glancing the ball off the strings1 so no wrist turn is needed4 ,low volleys can never be hit hard1 and owing to the height of the net should usually be sharply angled1 to allow distance for the rise4 ,any ball met at a higher plane than the top of the net may be hit hard4 ,the stroke should be crisp1 snappy1 and decisive1 but it should stop as it meets the ball4 ,the follow through should be very small4 ,most low volleys should be soft and short4 ,most high volleys require speed and length4 ,the stop volley is nothing more than a shot blocked short4 ,there is no force used4 ,the racquet simply meets the oncoming ball and stops it4 ,the ball rebounds and falls of its own weight4 ,there is little bounce to such a shot1 and that may be reduced by allowing the racquet to slide slightly under the ball at the moment of impact1 thus imparting back spin to the ball4 ,volleying is a science based on the old geometric axiom that a straight line is the shortest distance between two points4 ,i mean that a volleyer must always cover the straight passing shot since it is the shortest shot with which to pass him1 and he must volley straight to his opening and not waste time trying freakish curving volleys that give the base- liner time to recover4 ,it is ,johnston's great straight volley that makes him such a dangerous net man4 ,he is always punching his volley straight and hard to the opening in his opponent's court4 ,a net player must have ground strokes in order to attain the net position4 ,do not think that a service and volley will suffice against first-class tennis4 ,i am not a believer in the centre theory4 ,briefly expressed the centre theory is to hit down the middle of the court and follow to the net1 since the other player has the smallest angle to pass you4 ,that is true1 but remember that he has an equal angle on either side and1 given good ground strokes1 an equal chance to pass with only your guess or intention to tell you which side he will choose4 ,i advise hitting to the side-line with good length and following up to the net1 coming in just to the centre side of the straight returns down the line4 ,thus the natural shot is covered and your opponent's court is opened for an angle volley 'cross4 ,should your opponent try the cross drive1 his chances of beating you clean and keeping the ball in court are much less than his chances of error4 ,strive to kill your volleys at once1 but should your shot not win1 follow the ball 'cross and again cover the straight shot4 ,always force the man striving to pass you to play the hardest possible shot4 ,attack with your volleys4 ,never defend the ball when at the net4 ,the only defensive volley is one at your feet as you come in4 ,it is a mid-court shot4 ,volleys should win with placement more than speed1 although speed may be used on a high volley4 ,closely related to the volley1 yet in no way a volley stroke1 is the overhead smash4 ,it is the ,big ,bertha of tennis4 ,it is the long range terror that should always score4 ,the rules of footwork1 position1 and direction that govern the volley will suffice for the overhead4 ,the swing alone is different4 ,the swing should be closely allied to the slice service1 the racquet and arm swinging freely from the shoulder1 the wrist flexible and the racquet imparting a slight twist to the ball to hold it in court4 ,the overhead is mainly a point winner through speed1 since its bounce is so high that a slow placement often allows time for a recovery4 ,the overhead is about #fj per cent speed1 and #dj per cent combined place and twist4 ,any overhead shot taken on or within the service-line should be killed4 ,any overhead1 behind the service-line1 and back to the baseline1 should be defended and put back deep to1 allow you another advance to the net4 ,the average overhead shot that is missed is netted4 ,therefore hit deep4 ,it is a peculiar fact that over #ge per cent of all errors are nets with only #be per cent outs4 ,let this be a constant reminder to you of the fact that all ground strokes should have a clear margin of safety of some #h inches to a foot above the net1 except when attempting to pass a very active volleyer4 ,in the latter case the shot must be low1 and the attendant risk is compensated by the increased chances of winning the point with a pass4 ,do not leap in the air unnecessarily to hit overhead balls4 ,keep at least one foot1 and when possible both feet1 on the ground in smashing1 as it aids in regulating the weight1 and gives better balance4 ,hit flat and decisively to the point if desired4 ,most missed overhead shots are due to the eye leaving the ball2 but a second class of errors are due to lack of confidence that gives a cramped1 half- hearted swing4 ,follow through your overhead shot to the limit of your swing4 ,the overhead is essentially a doubles shot1 because in singles the chances of passing the net man are greater than lobbing over his head1 while in doubles two men cover the net so easily that the best way to open the court is to lob one man back4 ,in smashing1 the longest distance is the safest shot since it allows a greater margin of error4 ,therefore smash 'cross court when pressed1 but pull your short lobs either side as determined by the man you are playing4 ,never drop a lob you can hit overhead1 as it forces you back and gives the attacking position to your opponent4 ,never smash with a reverse twist1 always hit with a straight racquet face and direct to the opening4 ,closely connected to the overhead since it is the usual defence to any hard smash1 is the lob4 ,a lob is a high toss of the ball landing between the service-line and the baseline4 ,an excellent lob should be within #f feet of the baseline4 ,lobs are essentially defensive4 ,the ideas in lobbing are3 7#a7 to give yourself time to recover position when pulled out of court by your opponent's shot2 7#b7 to drive back the net man and break up his attack2 7#c7 to tire your opponent2 7#d7 occasionally to1 win cleanly by placement4 ,this is usually a lob volley from a close net rally1 and is a slightly different stroke4 ,there is 7#a7 the chop lob1 a heavily under-cut spin that hangs in the air4 ,this1 is the best defensive lob1 as it goes high and gives plenty of time to recover position4 7#b7 ,the stroke lob or flat lob1 hit with a slight top spin4 ,this is the point-winning lob since it gives no time to1 the player to run around it1 as it is lower and faster than the chop4 ,in making this lob1 start your swing like a drive1 but allow the racquet to slow up and the face to tilt upward just as you meet the ball4 ,this1 shot should seldom go above #aj feet in the air1 since it tends to go out with the float of the ball4 ,the chop lob1 which is a decided under cut1 should rise from #bj to #cj feet1 or more1 high and must go deep4 ,it is better to lob out and run your opponent back1 thus tiring him1 than to lob short and give him confidence by an easy kill4 ,the value of a lob is mainly one of upsetting your opponent1 and its effects are very apparent if you unexpectedly bring off one at the crucial period of a match4 ,i owe one of my most notable victories to a very timely and somewhat lucky lob4 ,i was playing ,norman ,e4 ,brookes in the fifth round of the ,american ,championships at ,forest ,hills1 in #aiai4 ,the score stood one set all1 #c-b and #cj-ae1 ,brookes serving4 ,in a series of driving returns from his forehand to my backhand1 he suddenly switched and pounded the ball to my forehand corner and rushed to the net4 ,i knew ,brookes crowded the net1 and with #dj-ae or #cj-;all at stake on my shot1 ,i took a chance and tossed the ball up in the air over ,brookes' head4 ,it was not a great lob1 but it was a good one4 ,for once ,brookes was caught napping1 expecting a drive down the line4 ,he hesitated1 then turned and chased the ball to the back stop1 missing it on his return4 ,i heard him grunt as he turned1 and knew that he was badly winded4 ,he missed his volley off my return of the next service1 and ,i led at #cj-dj4 ,the final point of the game came when he again threw me far out of court on my forehand1 and1 expecting the line drive again1 crowded the net1 only to have the ball rise in the air over his head4 ,he made a desperate effort at recovery1 but failed1 and the game was mine3 #c-;all4 ,it proved the turning-point in the match1 for it not only tired ,brookes1 but it forced him to hang back a little from the net so as to protect his overhead1 so that his net attack weakened opportunely1 and ,i was able to nose out the match in #d sets4 ,another famous match won by a lob was the ,johnston-,kingscote ,davis ,cup ,match at ,wimbledon1 in #aibj4 ,the score stood #b sets all1 and #e-c ,kingscote leading with ,kingscote serving and the score #cj-;all4 ,johnston served and ran in4 ,kingscote drove sharply down ,johnston's forehand side-line4 ,johnston made a remarkable recovery with a half volley1 putting the ball high in the air and seemingly outside4 ,a strong wind was blowing down the court and caught the ball and held its flight4 ,it fell on the baseline4 ,kingscote made a remarkable recovery with a fine lob that forced ,johnston back4 ,kingscote took the net and volleyed decisively to ,johnston's backhand4 ,johnston again lobbed1 and by a freak of coincidence the ball fell on the baseline within a foot of his previous shot4 ,kingscote again lobbed in return1 but this time short1 and ,johnston killed it4 ,johnston ran out the game in the next two points4 ,if a shot can win two such matches as these1 it is a shot worth learning to use1 and knowing when to use4 ,the lob is one of the most useful and skilful shots in tennis4 ,it is a great defence and a fine attack4 ,the strokes already analysed1 drive1 service1 volley1 overhead and lob1 are the orthodox strokes of tennis1 and should be at every player's command4 ,these are the framework of your game4 ,yet no house is complete with framework alone4 ,there are certain trimmings1 ornaments1 and decorations necessary4 ,there are the luxuries of modern improvements1 and tennis boasts of such improvements in the modern game4 ,among the luxuries1 some say the eccentricities1 of the modern game one finds 7#a7 the chop stroke1 7#b7 the slice stroke 7a close relative71 7#c7 the drop shot1 7#d7 the half-volley or trap shot4 ,all these shots have their use4 ,none should be considered a stock shot4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,chop1 ,,half ,,volley1 ,,and ,,court ,,position ,i am called at times a chop-stroke player4 ,i ,,seldom ,,chop4 ,my stroke is a slice4 ,a chop stroke is a shot where the angle towards the player and behind the racquet1 made by the line of flight of the ball1 and the racquet travelling down across it1 is greater than #de degrees and may be #ij degrees4 ,the racquet face passes slightly ,,outside the ball and down the side1 chopping it1 as a man chops wood4 ,the spin and curve is from right to left4 ,it is made with a stiff wrist4 ,irving ,c4 ,wright1 brother of the famous ,beals1 is a true chop player1 while ,beals himself1 being a left- hander1 chopped from the left court and sliced from the right4 ,the slice shot merely reduced the angle mentioned from #de degrees down to a very small one4 ,the racquet face passes either ,,inside or ,,outside the ball1 according to direction desired1 while the stroke is mainly a wrist twist or slap4 ,this slap imparts a decided skidding break to the ball1 while a chop drags the ball off the ground without break4 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson is the greatest slice exponent in the world4 ,the rules of footwork for both these shots should be the same as the drive1 but because both are made with a short swing and more wrist play1 without the need of weight1 the rules of footwork may be more safely discarded and body position not so carefully considered4 ,both these shots are essentially defensive1 and are labour-saving devices when your opponent is on the baseline4 ,a chop or slice is very hard to drive1 and will break up any driving game4 ,it is not a shot to use against a volley1 as it is too slow to pass and too high to cause any worry4 ,it should be used to drop short1 soft shots at the feet of the net man as he comes in4 ,do not strive to pass a net man with a chop or slice1 except through a big opening4 ,the drop-shot is a very soft1 sharply-angled chop stroke1 played wholly with the wrist4 ,it should drop within #c to #e feet of the net to be of any use4 ,the racquet face passes around the outside of the ball and under it with a distinct wrist turn4 ,do not swing the racquet from the shoulder in making a drop shot4 ,the drop shot has no relation to a stop-volley4 ,the drop shot is all wrist4 ,the stop-volley has no wrist at all4 ,use all your wrist shots1 chop1 slice1 and drop1 merely as an auxilliary to your orthodox game4 ,they are intended to upset your opponent's game through the varied spin on the ball4 ,,the ,,half ,,volley ,i have now reached the climax of tennis skill3 the half volley or trap shot4 ,in other words1 the pick-up4 ,this shot requires more perfect timing1 eyesight1 and racquet work than any other1 since its margin of safety is smallest and its manifold chances of mishaps numberless4 ,it is a pick-up4 ,the ball meets the ground and racquet face at nearly the same moment1 the ball bouncing off the ground1 on the strings4 ,this shot is a stiff-wrist1 short swing1 like a volley with no follow through4 ,the racquet face travels along the ground with a slight tilt over the ball and towards the net1 thus holding the ball low2 the shot1 like all others in tennis1 should travel across the racquet face1 along the short strings4 ,the racquet face should always be slightly outside the ball4 ,the half volley is essentially a defensive stroke1 since it should only be made as a last resort1 when caught out of position by your opponent's shot4 ,it is a desperate attempt to extricate yourself from a dangerous position without retreating4 ,,never ,,deliberately ,,half ,,volley4 ,notwithstanding these truths1 there are certain players who have turned the half volley into a point winner4 ,the greatest half volleyer of the past decade--in fact1 one of the greatest tennis geniuses of the world--,george ,caridia1 used the stroke successfully as a point winner4 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 the leading exponent of the stroke in the present day1 achieves remarkable results with it4 ,major ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote wins many a point1 seemingly lost1 by his phenomenal half-volley returns1 particularly from the baseline4 ,these men turn a defence into an attack1 and it pays4 ,so much for the actual strokes of the game4 ,it is in the other departments such as generalship and psychology that matches are won4 ,just a few suggestions as to stroke technique1 and ,i will close this section4 ,always play your shot with a fixed1 definite idea of what you are doing and where it is going4 ,never hit haphazard4 ,play all shots across the short strings of the racquet1 with the racquet head and handle on the same hitting plane for ground strokes and the head above the handle for volleys4 ,the racquet head should be advanced slightly beyond the wrist for ground strokes4 ,,court ,,position ,a tennis court is #ci feet long from baseline to net4 ,most players think all of that territory is a correct place to stand4 ,nothing could be farther from the truth4 ,there are only two places in a tennis court that a tennis player should be to await the ball4 #a4 ,about #c feet behind the baseline near the middle of the court1 or #b4 ,about #f to #h feet back from the net and almost opposite the ball4 ,the first is the place for all baseline players4 ,the second is the net position4 ,if you are drawn out of these positions by a shot which you must return1 do not remain at the point where you struck the ball1 but attain one of the two positions mentioned as rapidly as possible4 ,the distance from the baseline to about #aj1 feet from the net may be considered as no-man's-land or the blank4 ,never linger there1 since a deep shot will catch you at your feet4 ,after making your shot from the blank1 as you must often do1 retreat behind the baseline to await the return1 so you may again come forward to meet the ball4 ,if you are drawn in short and cannot retreat safely1 continue all the way to the net position4 ,never stand and watch your shot1 for to do so simply means you are out of position for your next stroke4 ,strive to attain a position so that you always arrive at the spot the ball is going to before it actually arrives4 ,do your hard running while the ball is in the air1 so you will not be hurried in your stroke after it bounces4 ,it is in learning to do this that natural anticipation plays a big role4 ,some players instinctively know where the next return is going and take position accordingly1 while others will never sense it4 ,it is to the latter class that ,i urge court position1 and recommend always coming in from behind the baseline to meet the ball1 since it is much easier to run forward than back4 ,should you be caught at the net1 with a short shot to your opponent1 do not stand still and let him pass you at will1 as he can easily do4 ,pick out the side where you think he will hit1 and jump to1 it suddenly as he swings4 ,if you guess right1 you win the point4 ,if you are wrong1 you are no worse off1 since he would have beaten you anyway with his shot4 ,a notable example of this method of anticipation is ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 who instinctively senses the stroke1 and suddenly bobs up in front of your best shot and kills it4 ,some may say it is luck1 but1 to my mind1 it is the reward of brain work4 ,your position should always strive to be such that you can cover the greatest possible area of court without sacrificing safety1 since the straight shot is the surest1 most dangerous1 and must be covered4 ,it is merely a question of how much more court than that immediately in front of the ball may be guarded4 ,a well-grounded knowledge of court position saves many points1 to say nothing of much breath expended in long runs after hopeless shots4 ,it is the phenomenal knowledge of court position that allows ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 a very short man1 to attack so consistently from the net4 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson is seldom caught out of position1 so his game is one of extreme ease4 ,one seldom sees ,johnson running hard on a tennis court4 ,he is usually there awaiting the ball's arrival4 ,save your steps by using your head4 ,it pays in the end4 ,time spent in learning where to play on a tennis court is well expended1 since it returns to you in the form of matches won1 breath saved1 and energy conserved4 ,it is seldom you need cover more than two-thirds of a tennis court1 so why worry about the unnecessary portions of it8 ,,part ,,ii3 ,,the ,,laws ,,of ,,tennis ,,psychology ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,general ,,tennis ,,psychology ,tennis psychology is nothing more than understanding the workings of your opponent's mind1 and gauging the effect of your own game on his mental viewpoint1 and understanding the mental effects resulting from the various external causes on your own mind4 ,you cannot be a successful psychologist of others without first understanding your own mental processes1 you must study the effect on yourself of the same happening under different circumstances4 ,you react differently in different moods and under different conditions4 ,you must realize the effect on your game of the resulting irritation1 pleasure1 confusion1 or whatever form your reaction takes4 ,does it increase your efficiency8 ,if so1 strive for it1 but never give it to your opponent4 ,does it deprive you of concentration8 ,if so1 either remove the cause1 or if that is not possible strive to ignore it4 ,once you have judged accurately your own reaction to conditions1 study your opponents1 to decide their temperaments4 ,like temperaments react similarly1 and you may judge men of your own type by yourself4 ,opposite temperaments you must seek to compare with people whose reactions you know4 ,a person who can control his own mental processes stands an excellent chance of reading those of another1 for the human mind works along definite lines of thought1 and can be studied4 ,one can only control one's1 mental processes after carefully studying them4 ,a steady phlegmatic baseline player is seldom a keen thinker4 ,if he was he would not adhere to the baseline4 ,the physical appearance of a man is usually a pretty clear index to his type of mind4 ,the stolid1 easy-going man1 who usually advocates the baseline game1 does so because he hates to stir up his torpid mind to think out a safe method of reaching the net4 ,there is the other type of baseline player1 who prefers to remain on the back of the court while directing an attack intended to break up your game4 ,he is a very dangerous player1 and a deep1 keen- thinking antagonist4 ,he achieves his results by mixing up his length and direction1 and worrying you with the variety of his game4 ,he is a good psychologist4 ,such players include ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 and ,charles ,s4 ,garland4 ,the first type of player mentioned merely hits the ball with little idea of what he is doing1 while the latter always has a definite plan and adheres to it4 ,the hard-hitting1 erratic1 net-rushing player is a creature of impulse4 ,there is no real system to his attack1 no understanding of your game4 ,he will make brilliant coups on the spur of the moment1 largely by instinct2 but there is no1 mental power of consistent thinking4 ,it is an interesting1 fascinating type4 ,such men as ,harold ,throckmorton1 ,b4 ,i4 ,c4 ,norton1 and at times ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 are examples1 although ,williams is really a better psychologist than this sounds4 ,the dangerous man is the player who mixes his style from back to fore court at the direction of an ever-alert mind4 ,this is the man to study and learn from4 ,he is a player with a definite purpose4 ,a player who has an answer to every query you propound him in your game4 ,he is the most subtle antagonist in the world4 ,he is of the school of ,brookes4 ,second only to him is the man of dogged determination that sets his mind on one plan and adheres to it1 bitterly1 fiercely fighting to the end1 with never a thought of change4 ,he is the man whose psychology is easy to understand1 but whose mental viewpoint is hard to upset1 for he never allows himself to think of anything except the business at hand4 ,this man is your ,johnston or your ,wilding4 ,i respect the mental capacity of ,brookes more1 but ,i admire the tenacity of purpose of ,johnston4 ,pick out your type from your own mental processes1 and then work out your game along the lines best suited to you4 ,few of us have the mental brilliance of ,brookes2 but all can acquire the dogged determination of ,johnston1 even if we have not his tennis ability4 ,when two men are1 in the same class1 as regards stroke equipment1 the determining factor in any given match is the mental viewpoint4 ,luck1 so-called1 is often grasping the psychological value of a break in the game1 and turning it to your own account4 ,we hear a great deal about the shots we have made4 ,few realize the importance of the shots we have missed4 ,the science of missing shots is as important as that of making them1 and at times a miss by an inch is of more value than a1 return that is killed by your opponent4 ,let me explain4 ,a player drives you far out of court with an angle-shot4 ,you run hard to it1 and reaching1 drive it hard and fast down the side- line1 missing it by an inch4 ,your opponent is surprised and shaken1 realizing that your shot might as well have gone in as out4 ,he will expect you to try it again1 and will not take the risk next time4 ,he will try to play the ball1 and may fall into error4 ,you have thus taken some of your opponent's confidence1 and increased his chance of error1 all by a miss4 ,if you had merely popped back that return1 and it had been killed1 your opponent would have felt increasingly confident of your inability to get the ball out of his reach1 while you would merely have been winded without result4 ,let us suppose you made the shot down the sideline4 ,it was a seemingly impossible get4 ,first it amounts to ,,two points in that it took one away from your opponent that should have been his and gave you one you ought never to have had4 ,it also worries your opponent1 as he feels he has thrown away a big chance4 ,the psychology of a tennis match is very interesting1 but easily understandable4 ,both men start with equal chances4 ,once one man establishes a real lead1 his confidence goes up1 while his opponent worries1 and his mental viewpoint becomes poor4 ,the sole object of the first man is to hold his lead1 thus holding his confidence4 ,if the second player pulls even or draws ahead1 the inevitable reaction occurs with even a greater contrast in psychology4 ,there is the natural confidence of the leader now with the second man as well as that great stimulus of having turned seeming defeat into probable victory4 ,the reverse in the case of the first player is apt to hopelessly destroy his game1 and collapse follows4 ,it is this twist in tennis psychology that makes it possible to win so many matches after they are seemingly lost4 ,this is also the reason that a man who has lost a substantial lead seldom turns in the ultimate victory4 ,he cannot rise above the depression caused by his temporary slump4 ,the value of an early lead cannot be overestimated4 ,it is the ability to control your mental processes1 and not worry unduly over early reverses1 that makes a great match player4 ,playing to the score is the first requisite of a thinking match player4 ,the two crucial points in any game are the third and fourth4 ,if the first two points are divided for #ae-;all1 the third means an advantage gained4 ,if won by you1 you should strive to consolidate it by taking the next for #dj-ae and two chances for game1 while if lost1 you must draw even at #cj-;all to have an even chance for game4 ,in order to do this1 be sure to always put the ball in play safely1 and do not take unnecessary chances1 at #ae-;all or #cj-ae4 ,always make the server work to hold his delivery4 ,it worries him to serve long games1 and increases the nervous strain of the match4 ,in the game score the sixth1 seventh1 and eighth games are the crux of every close set4 ,these games may mean #d-b or #c-;all1 #e-b or #d-c1 the most vital advantage in the match1 or #e-c or #d-;all1 a matter of extreme moment to a tiring player4 ,if ahead1 you should strive to hold and increase your lead4 ,if behind1 your one hope of victory rests in cutting down the advantage of the other man ,,before one slip means defeat4 #e-b is usually too late to start a rally1 but #d-c is a real chance4 ,never throw away a set because a player has a lead of #d-a1 or even #e-a1 unless you already have two sets in a #e-set match1 and do not wish to risk tiring by trying to pull it out1 and possibly failing at #f-d4 ,the great advantage ,of #c-a on your own service is a stumbling-block for many players1 for they unconsciously let up at the fifth game1 thinking they have a #b-;game lead4 ,however1 by dropping that game1 the score will go #b-c and #c-;all if your opponent holds service1 instead of #a-d and #d-b1 thus retaining a distinct advantage and discouraging your opponent in that set4 ,the first set is vital in a #b out of #c match4 ,play for all of it4 ,the second and third sets are the turning-point in a best of #e-set match4 ,take the first where possible1 but play to the limit for the next two4 ,never allow a #c out of #e-set match to go to1 the fifth set if it is possible to win in less2 but never give up a match until the last point is played1 even if you are two sets and five games down4 ,some occurrence may turn the tide in your favour4 ,a notable example of such a match occurred at ,newport1 in #aiaf4 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson and ,joseph ,j4 ,armstrong were playing ,ichija ,kumagae1 the famous ,japanese star1 and ,harold ,a4 ,throckmorton1 then junior ,champion of ,america1 in the second round of the doubles4 ,it was ,kumagae's first year in ,america1 and he did not understand ,americans and their customs well4 ,kumagae and ,throckmorton were leading one set at #f-j1 #e-a1 and #dj-ae1 ,kumagae serving4 ,throckmorton turned and spoke to him1 and the ,japanese star did not understand what he said4 ,he served without knowing1 and ,armstrong passed him down the centre4 ,johnson duplicated the feat in the next court1 and ,kumagae grew flustered4 ,throckmorton1 not understanding1 tried to steady him without result1 as ,kumagae double-faulted to ,armstrong1 and he1 too1 grew worried4 ,both men began missing1 and ,johnson and ,armstrong pulled out the set and won the match in a runaway in the last stanza4 ,johnson and ,armstrong met ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston and ,c4 ,j4 ,griffin1 the ,national ,champions1 in the final and defeated them in five sets1 inflicting the only reverse the title-holders suffered during their two-year reign as champions4 ,another much more regrettable incident occurred in the famous match between ,r4 ,l4 ,murray of ,california and ,george ,m4 ,church of ,new ,york in the fourth round of the ,american ,national ,championship in #aiaf4 ,george ,church1 then at the crest of his wonderful game1 had won the first two sets and was leading ,murray in the third1 when the famous ,californian started a sensational rally4 ,murray1 with his terrific speed1 merry smile1 and genial personality1 has always been a popular figure with the public1 and when he began his seemingly hopeless fight1 the crowd cheered him wildly4 ,he broke through ,church's service and drew even amid a terrific din4 ,church1 always a very high-strung1 nervous player1 showed that the crowd's partiality was getting on his nerves4 ,the gallery noticed it1 and became more partisan than ever4 ,the spirit of mob rule took hold1 and for once they lost all sense of sportsmanship4 ,they clapped errors as they rained from ,church's racquet2 the great game collapsed under the terrific strain1 and ,church's last chance was gone4 ,murray won largely as he wanted1 in the last two sets4 ,no one regretted the incident more than ,murray himself1 for no finer sportsman steps upon the court than this player1 yet there was nothing that could be done4 ,it was a case of external conditions influencing the psychology of one man so greatly that it cost him a victory that was his in justice4 ,the primary object in match tennis is to break up the other man's game4 ,the first lesson to learn is to hold your nerve under all circumstances4 ,if you can break a player's nerve by pounding at a weakness1 do it4 ,i remember winning a #e-set doubles match many years ago1 against a team far over the class of my partner and myself1 by lobbing continually to one man until he cracked under the strain and threw the match away4 ,he became so afraid of a lob that he would not approach the net1 and his whole game broke up on account of his lack of confidence4 ,our psychology was good1 for we had the confidence to continue our plan of attack even while losing two of the first three sets4 ,his was bad1 for he lost his nerve1 and let us know it4 ,sensational and unexpected shots at crucial moments have won many a match4 ,if your opponent makes a marvellous recovery and wins by it1 give him full credit for it1 and then forget it1 for by worrying over it you not only lose that point but several others as1 well1 while your mind is still wandering4 ,never lose your temper over your opponent's good shots4 ,it is bad enough to lose it at your own bad ones4 ,remember that usually the loser of a match plays just as well as the winner allows him4 ,never lose your temper at a bad decision4 ,it never pays1 and has cost many a match4 ,i remember a famous match in ,philadelphia1 between ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 the fifth ranking player in ,america1 and ,stanley ,w4 ,pearson1 a local star1 in the ,interclub tennis league of that city4 ,johnson1 who had enjoyed a commanding lead of a set and #d-a1 had slumped1 and ,pearson had pulled even at a set-all1 and was leading at #e-a and #dj-ae1 point set match4 ,he pulled ,johnson far out to the forehand and came to the net4 ,johnson chopped viciously down the side-line1 but ,pearson volleyed to ,johnson's deep backhand corner4 ,johnson had started ,,running in that direction as he hit his return1 and arrived almost as ,pearson's volley bounced4 ,unfortunately ,johnson slipped and went down on both knees1 but held his racquet4 ,he reached the ball and chopped it down the side-line for an earned point before ,pearson realized he had even offered at it4 ,pearson was so surprised and angered that he double-faulted for deuce1 and ,johnson won the game4 ,johnson pulled even at #e-;all1 before ,pearson recovered his equilibrium1 and finally won the set at #ag-ae4 ,truly ,pearson's lapse at ,johnson's marvellous get was a costly mental break4 ,tennis psychology is far more than the effect of certain shots1 made or missed1 on the player4 ,one can sum up such things by saying that every kill gives confidence1 every error tends to destroy it4 ,these things are obvious4 ,the branch of psychology that is interesting is the reaction on the various players of different courts1 different crowds1 and other players4 ,there is a peculiar atmosphere about the centre court at ,wimbledon that is unique in my knowledge of the game4 ,certain players revel in it4 ,the majority do not feel it1 and since they do not sense it1 they find only the material disadvantages of rather bad light1 and much noise from the stand1 and dislike the centre court4 ,personally1 ,i enjoy playing on the centre court at ,wimbledon more than any court ,i have ever stepped upon4 ,the traditions of the great players of the past1 the notable personages that make up the parties in the ,royal ,box and ,committee ,box1 the honour of a visit from their ,majesties the ,king and ,queen1 and1 above all1 the generous1 non-partisan1 sportsmanlike attitude of the ,british public1 make it a unique privilege to enter the centre court in championship competition4 ,these things inspire the mind to an almost abnormal keenness4 ,it is this atmosphere that made ,n4 ,e4 ,brookes1 ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 ,a4 ,w4 ,gore1 ,r4 ,f4 and ,h4 ,l4 ,doherty more dangerous there than anywhere else4 ,it is this factor that spurs on ,j4 ,c4 ,parke and ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote to their greatest tennis to-day4 ,the great championship turf at ,forest ,hills1 where the ,american ,championship is held1 offers a unique contrast to ,wimbledon4 ,the age of ,wimbledon is its great attraction4 ,it is the spirit of youth1 of progress1 of business-like mechanical perfection of management1 and the enormous crowds and attendant enthusiasm that is the chief attraction at ,forest ,hills4 ,fully #ae1jjj were present on the closing day of the event in #aiai4 ,orderly1 courteous1 enthusiastic1 but partisan1 the ,american tennis public comes out to cheer on its favourite4 ,no people in the world appreciate visiting players more whole-heartedly and none do more for their comfort than the ,american people4 ,it is partisan1 personal1 sporting friendliness1 warmer yet not so correct as the manner of the ,british public1 that the ,americans give4 ,we have much to learn from our ,british friends4 ,yet ,i hope we will never sacrifice the warmth of feeling that at times may run away with us1 yet in the main is the chief attraction of the ,american people4 ,it is this enthusiasm that spurs on the men to their greatest efforts in the ,national ,championship4 ,the ,australian team1 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 ,gerald ,patterson1 ,randolph ,lycett1 and ,r4 ,v4 ,thomas1 who visited the ,united ,states1 in #aiai1 scored a unique personal triumph4 ,the whole gallery present at the notable match in the ,championship1 when ,patterson went down to defeat in a terrific #e-set struggle with ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 rose and cheered ,patterson as he walked off the court4 ,it was a real ovation2 a tribute to his sportsmanship1 and an outburst of personal admiration4 ,brookes was the recipient of an equal demonstration on his final appearance at ,forest ,hills4 ,the stimulus of the surroundings produced the highest tennis of which these men were capable4 ,yet in all championships it is the personal element that is the moving factor4 ,personalities are the deciding force in popularity4 ,patriotism is partially submerged in personality4 ,the ,davis ,cup matches bring out the gamest struggles in the history of tennis4 ,it is in these unique series of matches that the fame of ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 ,b4 ,c4 ,wright1 ,m4 ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 and others reached its crest4 ,it was the unselfish giving of one's best1 under all conditions1 for the honour of the country that called out the finest tennis in each man4 ,parke reached his crest in his memorable defeat of ,brookes4 ,m',loughlin has never quite equalled his marvellous game of #aiad against ,brookes and ,wilding4 ,it is the psychology of patriotism that brings out this tennis4 ,personality is submerged4 ,unity of purpose as a team1 replaces the object of personal glory that is the keynote of championship4 ,it is the friendly rivalry of sport1 between such men as form the backbone of tennis in each country1 that does more for international understanding than all the notes ever written from the ,white ,house4 ,i could go on writing tennis psychology as explained by external conditions for hundreds of pages1 but all ,i want to do is to bring to mind a definite idea of the value of the mind in the game4 ,stimulate it how you will1 a successful tennis player must admit the value of quick mind4 ,do it by a desire for personal glory1 or team success1 or by a love of competition in matching your wits against the other man's1 but do it some way4 ,do1 not think that tennis is merely a physical exercise4 ,it is a mental cock-tail of a very high kick4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,match ,,play ,the first and most important point in match play is to know how to lose4 ,lose cheerfully1 generously1 and like a sportsman4 ,this is the first great law of tennis1 and the second is like unto it--to win modestly1 cheerfully1 generously1 and like a sportsman4 ,the object of match play is to win1 but no credit goes to a man who does not win fairly and squarely4 ,a victory is a defeat if it is other than fair4 ,yet again ,i say to win is the object1 and to do so1 one should play to the last ounce of his strength1 the last gasp of his breath1 and the last scrap of his nerve4 ,if you do so and lose1 the better man won4 ,if you do not1 you have robbed your opponent of his right of beating your best4 ,be fair to both him and yourself4 ,the ,play's the thing1 and in match play a good defeat is far more creditable than a hollow victory4 ,play tennis for the game's sake4 ,play it for the men you meet1 the friends you make1 and the pleasure you may give to the public by the hard- working yet sporting game that is owed them by their presence at the match4 ,many tennis players feel they owe the public nothing1 and are granting a favour by playing4 ,it is my belief that when the public so honours a player that they attend matches1 that player is in duty bound to give of his best1 freely1 willingly1 and cheerfully1 for only by so doing can he repay the honour paid him4 ,the tennis star of to-day owes his public as much as the actor owes the audience1 and only by meeting his obligations can tennis be retained in public favour4 ,the players get their reward in the personal popularity they gain by their conscientious work4 ,there is another factor that is even stronger than this1 that will always produce fine tennis in championship events4 ,it is the competitive spirit that is the breath of life to every true sportsman3 the desire to prove to himself he can beat the best of the other man2 the real regret that comes when he wins1 and feels the loser was not at his best4 ,it is that which has made popular idols of ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 ,m4 ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 and other famous players4 ,it is the great attraction of ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 ,andre ,gobert1 ,w4 ,laurentz1 and many other stars4 ,it is the sign of a true sportsman4 ,the keen competitive spirit that stimulates a match player also increases the nervous strain4 ,this should be recognized by tournament committees1 and the conditions of play should be as nearly standardized as weather permits4 ,a tournament committee should never keep a player waiting for an important match to commence while they scour through the crowd for linesmen4 ,these necessary1 and ,i trust useful1 accessories to every match of importance should be picked and on hand when the players appear4 ,a good linesman is a great aid to match tennis4 ,a poor one may ruin a great battle4 ,not only will bad decisions turn the tide by putting a point in the wrong columns1 but slow decisions will often upset players1 so they dare not play to the line kept by slumberous linesmen4 ,a linesman should take his first judgment as the ball strikes4 ,if outside he should call out at once clearly1 decisively1 but not too loudly2 a yell is often a shock to the nerves4 ,if the ball is good he should remain discreetly silent4 ,the umpire should announce the score after each point in a voice sufficiently loud to be heard by the entire gallery4 ,his decisions as to lets or balls not up should be made only loud enough to ensure that they are heard by the players4 ,the gallery has eyes4 ,following each game1 the game score should be called1 giving the leading player's name and the set being played4 ,for example1 ,four games to three1 ,parke leads4 ,second set4 ,about every third game following the completion of the first set1 an announcement as to the winner of the first set is an excellent idea4 ,the umpire could add to the above announcement1 ,first set1 ,parke1 #f-c4 ,this latter announcement is unnecessary when there is a score board that gives full details of the match4 ,tournament committees should see that all courts have sufficient room behind the baseline and at the sides to insure a player against running into the stops4 ,galleries should strive to retain their appreciation and enthusiasm until a point is completed1 since noise is very disconcerting to a player4 ,however1 all players enjoy an enthusiastic gallery4 ,the players themselves must now be considered in relation to the reaction of the match4 ,the first thing to fix firmly in your mind in playing a match1 is never to allow your opponent to play a shot he likes if it is possible to force him to make one he does not4 ,study your opponent both on and off the court4 ,look for a weakness1 and1 once finding it1 pound it without mercy4 ,remember that you do not decide your mode of attack4 ,it is decided for you by the weakness of your opponent4 ,if he dislikes to meet a netman1 go to the net4 ,if he wants you at the net1 stay back and force him to come in4 ,if he attacks viciously1 meet his attack with an equally strong offensive4 ,remember that the strongest defence is to attack1 for if the other man is occupied in meeting your attack1 he will have less time to formulate his own system4 ,if you are playing a very steady man1 do not strive to beat him at his own game4 ,he is better at it than you in many cases1 so go in and hit to win4 ,on the other hand1 if you find that your opponent is wild and prone to miss1 play safe and reap the full crop of his errors4 ,it saves you trouble and takes his confidence4 ,,above ,,all1 ,,never ,,change ,a ,,winning ,,game4 ,,always ,,change ,a ,,losing ,,game1 since1 as you are getting beaten that way1 you are no worse off and may be better with a new style4 ,the question of changing a losing game is a very serious thing4 ,it is hard to say just when you are really beaten4 ,if you feel you are playing well yet have lost the first set about #f-c or #f-d1 with the loss of only one service1 you should not change4 ,your game is not really a losing game4 ,it is simply a case of one break of service1 and might well win the next set4 ,if1 however1 you have dropped the first set in a #b out of #c match with but one or two games1 now you are outclassed and should try something else4 ,take chances when you are behind1 never when ahead4 ,risks are only worth while when you have everything to win and nothing to lose4 ,it may spell victory1 and at least will not hasten defeat4 ,above all1 never lose your nerve or confidence in a match4 ,by so doing you have handed your opponent about two points a game--a rather hard handicap to beat at your best4 ,never let your opponent know you are worried4 ,never show fatigue or pain if it is possible to avoid1 since it will only give him confidence4 ,remember that he feels just as bad as you1 and any sign of weakening on your part encourages him to go on4 ,in other words1 keep your teeth always in the match4 ,don't worry4 ,don't fuss4 ,luck evens up in the long run1 and to worry only upsets your own game without affecting your opponent4 ,a smile wins a lot of points because it gives the impression of confidence on your part that shakes that of the other man4 ,fight all the time4 ,the harder the strain the harder you should fight1 but do it easily1 happily1 and enjoy it4 ,match play1 where both men are in the same class as tennis players1 resolves itself into a battle of wits and nerve4 ,the man who uses the first and retains the second is the ultimate victor4 ,i do not believe in a man who expects to go through a long tournament1 going all out for every match4 ,conserve your strength and your finesse for the times you need them1 and win your other matches decisively1 but not destructively4 ,why should a great star discourage and dishearten a player several classes below him by crushing him1 as he no doubt could8 ,a few games a set1 well earned1 would be a big factor in encouraging that rising player to play in tournaments1 while it would in no way injure the reputation of the star4 ,never hurry your opponent by serving before he is fully set to receive4 ,this is a favourite trick of a few unscrupulous players1 yet is really an unfair advantage4 ,do your hurrying after the ball is in play1 by running him to unexpected places in the court4 ,should anyone attempt to work the hurried service on you1 after several attempts1 proving it is intentional1 let the ball go by and say not ready4 ,the server will shortly realize that you will take your time regardless of him1 and he will slow up4 ,i do not advocate stalling--nothing is worse4 ,it is a breach of ethics that is wholly uncalled for4 ,play the game naturally1 and give your opponent full courtesy in all matters4 ,if you do1 you will receive it in return4 ,take every advantage of any and every weakness in your opponent's game2 but never trespass on his rights as regards external advantages4 ,personally ,i do not believe in defaulting a match4 ,to scratch or retire1 as the term goes1 is to cheat your opponent of his just triumph1 and you should never do this unless it is absolutely impossible to avoid4 ,sickness or some equally important reason should be the sole cause of scratching1 for you owe the tournament your presence once your entry is in4 ,match play should stimulate a player4 ,he should produce his best under the excitement of competition4 ,learn your shots in practice1 but use them in matches4 ,practice is played with the racquet1 matches are won by the mind4 ,j4 ,c4 ,parke is a great match player1 because he is not only a great player but a great student of men4 ,he sizes up his opponent1 and seizes every opening and turns it to his own account4 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes is the greatest match player the world has ever known1 because he is ever ready to change his plan to meet the strategy of his opponent1 and has both the variety of stroke and versatility of intellect to outguess the other the majority of times4 ,brookes is the greatest court general1 and1 in my opinion1 the finest tennis intellect in the world4 ,his mind is never so keen and he is never so dangerous as when he is trailing in an important match4 ,he typifies all that is great in mental match tennis4 ,a great star is always at his best in a match1 as it stimulates his mental and physical faculties to the utmost4 ,certain players are more effective against some men than others who are not so good4 ,it is the uncertainty of match tennis that is its greatest charm4 ,two men may meet for tennis during a season1 and be so closely matched that each man will win two matches and the score seem almost one-sided each time4 ,it is a case of getting the jump on the other player4 ,during #aiai ,johnston and ,i met four times4 ,twice he defeated me1 once in four sets1 and once in three1 while the two victories that were mine were scored in identically the same number of sets4 ,the most remarkable meeting of two stars was the series of matches between ,r4 ,l4 ,murray and ,ichija ,kumagae during the seasons of #aiah and #aiai4 ,in the early stages ,murray had a decided advantage1 winning from ,kumagae consistently1 but by close scores4 ,early in #aiai ,kumagae unexpectedly defeated ,murray at ,buffalo in four sets4 ,from that moment ,kumagae held the whip hand4 ,he defeated ,murray at ,niagara-on-the-,lake a week later4 ,murray barely nosed out the ,japanese star at ,cleveland in five sets after ,kumagae had the match won1 only to have ,kumagae again defeat him in a terrific match at ,newport in ,august4 ,kumagae's game is very effective against ,murray1 because ,murray1 essentially a volleyer1 could not exchange ground strokes with the ,japanese star player successfully1 and could not stand the terrific pace of rushing the net at every opportunity4 ,kumagae conclusively proved his slight superiority over ,murray last season4 ,vincent ,richards1 who is not yet the equal of ,murray1 scored two clean-cut victories over ,kumagae during the same period4 ,why should ,richards worry ,kumagae1 who is certainly ,murray's superior1 and yet not cause ,murray trouble8 ,the answer lies in this style of game4 ,richards uses a peculiar chop stroke from the baseline that is very steady4 ,he can meet ,kumagae at his own baseline game until he gets a chance to close in to the net1 where his volleying is remarkable4 ,the result is1 against ,kumagae's driving he is perfectly at home4 ,murray is a vicious net player who swept ,richards off his feet4 ,the boy has not the speed on his ground strokes to pass ,murray1 who volleys off his chop for points1 and cannot take the net away from him as he cannot handle the terrific speed of ,murray's game4 ,thus ,murray's speed beats ,richards1 while ,richards' steadiness troubles ,kumagae1 yet ,kumagae's persistent driving tires ,murray and beats him4 ,what good are comparative scores8 ,charles ,s4 ,garland always defeats ,howard ,voshell1 yet loses to men whom ,voshell defeats4 ,williams proves a stumbling-block to ,johnston1 yet seldom does well against me4 ,the moral to be drawn from the ever-interesting upsets that occur every year1 is that the style of your attack should be determined by the man's weakness you are playing4 ,suit your style to his weakness4 ,a chop is the antidote for the drive4 ,the volley is the answer to a chop1 yet a drive is the only safe attack against a volley4 ,the smash will kill a lob1 yet a lob is the surest defence from a smash4 ,rather a complicated condition1 but one which it would do well to think over4 ,the most dangerous enemy to ,r4 ,n4 ,williams is a steady baseliner of second class4 ,williams is apt to crush a top-flight player in a burst of superlative terms1 yet fall a victim to the erratic streak that is in him when some second-class player plays patball with him4 ,such defeats were his portion at the hands of ,ritchie and ,mavrogordato in ,england1 yet on the same trip he scored notable victories over ,parke and ,johnston4 ,abnormal conditions for match play always tend to affect the better player more than the poorer1 and bring play to a level4 ,the reason for this is in the fact that the higher the standard of a player's game1 the smaller his margin of error1 the more perfect his bound must be1 and any variation from the normal is apt to spell error4 ,the average player allows himself more leeway1 and unknowingly increases his chances on a bad court4 ,his shot is not judged to the fraction of an inch in swing as is the top-flight player1 so a slight variation does not affect him4 ,many a great match has been ruined by abnormal conditions4 ,rain caused ,williams' downfall to ,n4 ,w4 ,niles in the #aiag ,american ,championships4 ,rain and wind marred a great battle between ,gobert and ,johnston at ,eastbourne in the ,davis ,cup in #aibj4 ,the clever match player must always be willing to change his game to meet conditions4 ,failure to do so may spell defeat4 ,it is this uncertainty1 due to external conditions1 that makes comparative records so useless in judging the relative merits of two players you know nothing of4 ,rankings based on mathematical calculations of scores are absolutely useless and childish1 unless tempered by common sense4 ,the question of the fitness of conditions of play can never be standardized4 ,in ,america you play only if clear4 ,in ,england sometimes when clear but more often in rain1 judging by the events ,i swam through in my recent trip4 ,a match player should not only be able to play tennis1 but should combine the virtues of an aeroplane and a submarine as well4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,physical ,,fitness ,physical fitness is one of the great essentials of match play4 ,keenness can only be acquired if the physical1 mental1 and nervous systems are in tune4 ,consistent and systematic training is essential to a tournament player4 ,regular hours of sleep1 and regular1 hearty food at regular hours are necessary to keep the body at its highest efficiency4 ,food is particularly important4 ,eat well1 but do not over-eat1 particularly immediately before playing4 ,i believe in a large hearty breakfast on the day of a big match4 ,this should be taken by nine-thirty4 ,a moderate lunch at about one o'clock if playing at three4 ,do not eat very rich food at luncheon as it tends to slow you up on the court4 ,do not run the risk of indigestion1 which is the worst enemy to dear eyesight4 ,rich1 heavy food immediately before retiring is bad1 as it is apt to make you loggy on the court the next day4 ,it is certain injury to touch alcoholic drink in any form during tournament play4 ,alcohol is a poison that affects the eye1 the mind1 and the wind--three essentials in tennis4 ,tobacco in moderation does little harm1 although it1 too1 hits eye and wind4 ,a man who is facing a long season of tournament play should refrain from either alcohol or tobacco in any form4 ,excesses of any kind are bad for physical condition1 and should not be chanced4 ,late hours cause sluggishness of mind and body the next day4 ,it is very dangerous to risk them before a hard match4 ,the moving pictures immediately before playing tennis are bad1 owing to the eye strain caused by the flicker of the film and the strong light of the camera4 ,lead a normal1 healthy life1 and conserve your nervous force wherever possible1 as you will need it in the hard matches4 ,staleness is the great enemy of players who play long seasons4 ,it is a case of too much tennis4 ,staleness is seldom physical weariness4 ,a player can always recover his strength by rest4 ,staleness is a mental fatigue due often to worry or too close attention to tennis1 and not enough variety of thought4 ,its symptoms are a dislike for the tennis game and its surroundings1 and a lack of interest in the match when you are on the court4 ,i advocate a break in training at such a time4 ,go to the theatre or a concert1 and get your mind completely off tennis4 ,do your worrying about tennis while you are playing it1 and forget the unpleasantness of bad play once you are off the court4 ,always have some outside interest you can turn to for relaxation during a tournament2 but never allow it to interfere with your tennis when you should be intent on your game4 ,a nice balance is hard to achieve1 but1 once attained is a great aid to a tournament player4 ,i find my relaxation in auction bridge4 ,i know many other players who do likewise4 ,among them are ,mrs4 ,franklin ,mallory1 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston and ,samuel ,hardy4 ,the laws of training should be closely followed before and after a match4 ,do not get chilled before a match1 as it makes you stiff and slow4 ,above all else do not stand around without a wrap after a match when you are hot or you will catch cold4 ,many a player has acquired a touch of rheumatism from wasting time at the close of his match instead of getting his shower while still warm4 ,that slight stiffness the next day may mean defeat4 ,a serious chill may mean severe illness4 ,do not take chances4 ,change your wet clothes to dry ones between matches if you are to play twice in a day4 ,it will make you feel better1 and also avoid the risk of cold4 ,tournament players must sacrifice some pleasures for the sake of success4 ,training will win many a match for a man if he sticks to it4 ,spasmodic training is useless1 and should never be attempted4 ,the condition a player is1 in is apt to decide his mental viewpoint1 and aid him in accustoming himself to the external conditions of play4 ,all match players should know a little about the phenomenon of crowd-psychology since1 as in the case of the ,church-,murray match ,i related some time back1 the crowd may play an important part in the result4 ,it seldom pays to get a crowd down on you4 ,it always pays to win its sympathy4 ,i do not mean play to the gallery1 for that will have the opposite effect than the one desired4 ,the gallery is always for the weaker player4 ,it is a case of helping the under-dog4 ,if you are a consistent winner you must accustom yourself to having the gallery show partiality for your opponent4 ,it is no personal dislike of you4 ,it is merely a natural reaction in favour of the loser4 ,sometimes a bad decision to one play will win the crowd's sympathy for him4 ,galleries are eminently just in their desires1 even though at times their emotions run away with them4 ,quite aside from the effect on the gallery1 ,i wish to state here that when you are the favoured one in a decision that you know is wrong1 strive to equalize it if possible by unostentatiously losing the next point4 ,do not hit the ball over the back stop or into the bottom of the net with a jaunty air of ,here you are4 ,just hit it slightly out or in the net1 and go on about your business in the regular way4 ,your opponent always knows when you extend him this justice1 and he appreciates it1 even though he does not expect it4 ,never do it for effect4 ,it is extremely bad taste4 ,only do it when your sense of justice tells you you should4 ,the crowd objects1 and justly so1 to a display of real temper on the court4 ,a player who loses his head must expect a poor reception from the gallery4 ,questioned decisions by a player only put him in a bad light with the crowd and cannot alter the point4 ,you may know the call was wrong1 but grin at it1 and the crowd will join you4 ,these things are the essence of good sportsmanship1 and good sportsmanship will win any gallery4 ,the most unattractive player in the world will win the respect and admiration of a crowd by a display of real sportsmanship at the time of test4 ,any player who really enjoys a match for the game's sake will always be a fine sportsman1 for there is no amusement to a match that does not give your opponent his every right4 ,a player who plays for the joy of the game wins the crowd the first time he steps on the court4 ,all the world loves an optimist4 ,the more tennis ,i play1 the more ,i appreciate my sense of humour4 ,i seldom play a match when ,i do not get a smile out of some remark from the gallery1 while ,i know that the gallery always enjoys at least one hearty laugh at my expense4 ,i do not begrudge it them1 for ,i know how very peculiar tennis players in general1 and myself in particular1 appear when struggling vainly to reach a shot hopelessly out of reach4 ,two delightful elderly ladies were witnessing ,charles ,s4 ,garland and myself struggle against ,mavrogordato1 and ,riseley at the ,edgbaston tournament in ,england in #aibj4 ,one turned to the other and said3 ,those are the ,americans6 ,oh1 said the second lady resignedly1 ,i thought so4 ,the tall one meaning me looks rather queer4 ,during the ,davis ,cup match against the ,french at ,eastbourne1 ,i went on the court against ,laurentz in my blue woolly sweater4 ,the day was cold1 and ,i played the match #d-a in ,laurentz' favour1 still wearing it4 ,i started to remove it at the beginning of the sixth game1 when the gallery burst into loud applause1 out of which floated a sweet feminine voice3 ,good6 ,now maybe the poor boy will be able to play6 ,for the first time ,i realized just what the gallery thought of my efforts to play tennis1 and also of the handicap of the famous blue-bearskin as they termed it4 ,my favourite expression during my ,davis ,cup trip happened to be ,peach for any particularly good shot by my opponent4 ,the gallery at the ,championship1 quick to appreciate any mannerism of a player1 and to1 know him by it1 enjoyed the remark on many occasions as the ball went floating by me4 ,in my match with ,kingscote in the final set1 the court was very slippery owing to the heavy drizzle that had been falling throughout the match4 ,at #c-b in my favour1 ,i essayed a journey to the net1 only to have ,kingscote pass me 'cross court to my backhand4 ,i turned and started rapidly for the shot murmuring ,peach as ,i went4 ,suddenly my feet went out and ,i rolled over on the ground1 sliding some distance1 mainly on my face4 ,i arose1 dripping1 just in time to hear1 sotto voce1 in the gallery at my side3 ,a little bit crushed1 that ,peach4 ,the sense of humour of the speaker was delightful4 ,the whole side-line howled with joy1 and the joke was on me4 ,i am always the goat for the gallery in these little jokes1 because it is seldom ,i can refrain from saying something loud enough to be heard4 ,i remember an incident that caused great joy to a large gallery in ,philadelphia during a match between two prominent local players4 ,one of the men had been charging the net and volleying consistently off the frame of his racquet1 giving a wonderful display of that remarkable shot known the world over as the mahogany volley4 ,his luck was phenomenal for all his mis-hit volleys won him points4 ,finally1 at the end of a bitterly contested deuce game in the last set he again won the deciding point with a volley off the wood1 just as a small insect flew in his eye4 ,he called to his opponent3 ,just a moment1 ,i have a fly in my eye4 ,the disgusted opponent looked up and muttered3 ,fly8 ,huh6 ,i'll bet it's a splinter6 ,there was a certain young player who was notoriously lax in his eyesight on decisions4 ,he could never see one against himself4 ,he became noted in his own locality4 ,he and another boy were playing a team of brothers who were quite famous in the tennis world4 ,one of these brothers had a very severe service that the local ,captain ,kidd could not handle at all4 ,so each time the visiting player served close to the line1 the boy would swing at it1 miss it1 and call ,fault6 ,there was no umpire available and there was no question of the older team losing1 so they let it go for some time4 ,finally a service fully #c feet in was casually called out by the youngster4 ,this proved too much for the server1 who hailed his brother at the net with the query3 ,what was wrong that time8 ,i don't know1 came the reply2 unless he called a footfault on you6 ,the assurance of some young players is remarkable4 ,they know far more about the game of other men than the men themselves4 ,i once travelled to a tournament with a boy who casually seated himself beside me in the train and1 seeing my tennis bag1 opened the conversation on tennis and tennis players4 ,he finally turned his attention to various people ,i knew well1 and suddenly burst out with3 ,tilden is a chop-stroke player4 ,i know him well4 ,i let him talk for about ten minutes1 learning things about my game that ,i never knew before4 ,finally ,i asked his name1 which he told me4 ,in reply he asked mine4 ,the last view ,i had of him for some time was a hasty retreat through the door of the car for air4 ,i played my first match against ,j4 ,c4 ,parke at ,wimbledon in #aibj4 ,the time before that ,i had been on the court with him was at ,germantown ,cricket ,club in #aiaa1 when ,i acted as ball-boy in the ,davis ,cup between him and ,w4 ,a4 ,larned4 ,the ,junior members of the club1 sons of the members1 used to consider it a great honour to act as ball-boy in these matches1 and worked every means to be picked4 ,i picked up much tennis in those days1 for ,i have worked at the ball-boy position for ,parke1 ,crawley1 ,dixon1 ,larned1 ,wright1 and ,ward4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,psychology ,,of ,,singles ,,and ,,doubles ,singles1 the greatest strain in tennis1 is the game for two players4 ,it is in this phase of the game that the personal equation reaches its crest of importance4 ,this is the game of individual effort1 mental and physical4 ,a hard #e-set singles match is the greatest strain on the body and nervous system of any form of sport4 ,richard ,harte and ,l4 ,c4 ,wister1 the former a famous ,harvard ,university football and baseball player1 the latter a football star at ,princeton1 both of whom are famous tennis players1 have told me that a close #e-set tennis match was far more wearing on them than the biggest football game they had ever played4 ,singles is a game of daring1 dash1 speed of foot and stroke4 ,it is a game of chance far more than doubles4 ,since you have no partner dependent upon you1 you can afford to risk error for the possibility of speedy victory4 ,much of what ,i wrote under match play is more for singles than doubles1 yet let me call your attention to certain peculiarities of singles from the standpoint of the spectator4 ,a gallery enjoys personalities far more than styles4 ,singles brings two people into close and active relations that show the idiosyncrasies of each player far more acutely than doubles4 ,the spectator is in the position of a man watching an insect under a microscope4 ,he can analyse the inner workings4 ,the freedom of restraint felt on a single court is in marked contrast to the need for team work in doubles4 ,go out for your shot in singles whenever there is a reasonable chance of getting it4 ,hit harder at all times in singles than in doubles1 for you have more chance of scoring and can take more risk4 ,few great singles1 players are famous in doubles4 ,notable exceptions to the above statement come to mind at once in the persons of the ,dohertys1 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 and ,f4 ,b4 ,alexander4 ,yet who could accuse ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams 7notwithstanding his ,world's ,championship doubles title71 ,andre ,gobert1 the late ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 ,m4 ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 or ,gerald ,patterson of playing great doubles8 ,all these men are wonderful singles players1 playing singles on a double court alongside some suffering partner4 ,the daring that makes for a great singles player is an eternal appeal to a gallery4 ,none of the notable doubles players1 who have little or no claim to singles fame1 have enjoyed the hero-worship accorded the famous singles stars4 ,h4 ,roper-,barrett1 ,stanley ,doust1 ,harold ,h4 ,hackett1 ,samuel ,hardy1 and ,holcombe ,ward1 all doubles players of the very highest order1 were1 and are1 well liked and deservedly popular1 but are not idolized as were ,m',loughlin or ,wilding4 ,singles is a game of the imagination1 doubles a science of exact angles4 ,doubles is four-handed tennis4 ,enough of this primary reader definition4 ,i only used that so as not to be accused of trying to write over the heads of the uninitiated4 ,it is just as vital to play to your partner in tennis as in bridge4 ,every time you make a stroke you must do it with a definite plan to avoid putting your partner in trouble4 ,the keynote of doubles success is team work2 not individual brilliancy4 ,there is a certain type of team work dependent wholly upon individual brilliancy4 ,where both players are in the same class1 a team is as strong as its weakest player at any given time1 for here it is even team work with an equal division of the court that should be the method of play4 ,in the case of one strong player and one weaker player1 the team is as good as the strong player can make it by protecting and defending the weaker4 ,this pair should develop its team work on the individual brilliancy of the stronger man4 ,the first essential of doubles play is to ,,put the ball in play4 ,a double fault is bad in singles1 but it is inexcusable in doubles4 ,the return of service should be certain4 ,after that it should be low and to the server coming in4 ,do not strive for clean aces in doubles until you have the opening4 ,remember that to pass two men is a difficult task4 ,always attack in doubles4 ,the net is the only place in the court to play the doubles game1 and you should always strive to attain the net position4 ,there are two formations for the receiving team3 one is the ,australian formation with the receiver's partner standing in to volley the server's return volley2 the other is the ,english and ,american style with both men back1 thus giving the net attack to the server4 ,this is safer1 but less likely to produce a winning result unless the team is a wonderful lobbing combination4 ,lobbing is a sound defence in doubles1 and is used to open the court4 ,i believe in always trying for the kill when you see a real opening4 ,poach 7go for a shot which is not really on your side of the court7 whenever you see a chance to score4 ,never poach unless you go for the kill4 ,it is a win or nothing shot since it opens your whole court4 ,if you are missing badly do not poach1 as it is very disconcerting to your partner4 ,the question of covering a doubles court should not be a serious one4 ,with all men striving to attain the net all the time every shot should be built up with that idea4 ,volley and smash whenever possible1 and only retreat when absolutely necessary4 ,when the ball goes toward the side-line the net player on that side goes in close and toward the line4 ,his partner falls slightly back and to the centre of the court1 thus covering the shot between the men4 ,if the next return goes to the other side1 the two men reverse positions4 ,the theory of court covering is two sides of a triangle1 with the angle in the centre and the two sides running to the side-lines and in the direction of the net4 ,each man should cover overhead balls over his own head1 and hit them in the air whenever possible1 since to allow them to drop gives the net to the other team4 ,the only time for the partner to protect the overhead is when the net man poaches1 is outguessed1 and the ball tossed over his head4 ,then the server covers and strives for a kill at once4 ,always be ready to protect your partner1 but do not take shots over his head unless he calls for you to1 or you see a certain kill4 ,then say ,mine1 step in and hit decisively4 ,the matter of overhead balls1 crossing under them1 and such incidentals of team work are matters of personal opinion1 and should be arranged by each team according to their joint views4 ,i only offer general rules that can be modified to meet the wishes of the individuals4 ,use the lob as a defence1 and to give time to extricate yourself and your partner from a bad position4 ,the value of service in doubles cannot be too strongly emphasized since it gives the net to the server4 ,service should always be held4 ,to lose service is an unpardonable sin in first-class doubles4 ,all shots in doubles should be low or very high4 ,do not hit shoulder-high as it is too easy to kill4 ,volley down and hard if possible4 ,every shot you make should be made with a definite idea of opening the court4 ,hit down the centre to disrupt the team work of the opposing team2 but hit to the side-lines for your aces4 ,pick one man1 preferably the weaker of your opponents1 and centre your attack on him and keep it there4 ,pound him unmercifully1 and in time he should crack under the attack4 ,it is very foolish to alternate attack1 since it simply puts both men on their game and tires neither4 ,if your partner starts badly play safely and surely until he rounds to form4 ,never show annoyance with your partner4 ,do not scold him4 ,he is doing the best he can1 and fighting with him does no good4 ,encourage him at all times and don't worry4 ,a team that is fighting among themselves has little time left to play tennis1 and after all tennis is the main object of doubles4 ,offer suggestions to your partner at any time during a match2 but do not insist on his following them1 and do not get peevish if he doesn't4 ,he simply does not agree with you1 and he may be right4 ,who knows8 ,every doubles team should have a leader to direct its play2 but that leader must always be willing to drop leadership for any given point when his partner has the superior position4 ,it is policy of attack not type of stroke that the leader should determine4 ,pick a partner and stick to him4 ,he should be a man you like and want to play with1 and he should want to play with you4 ,this will do away with much friction4 ,his style should not be too nearly your own1 since you double the faults without greatly increasing the virtues4 ,i am a great believer in a brilliant man teaming up with a steady player4 ,let your steady man keep the ball in play1 and allow your brilliant man all the room he wants to poach and kill4 ,thus you get the best of both men4 ,doubles is a game of finesse more than speed4 ,the great doubles players1 the ,dohertys1 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 the greatest in the world to-day1 ,roper ,barrett1 ,beals ,wright1 and ,f4 ,b4 ,alexander1 are all men of subtle finesse rather than terrific speed4 ,it requires more than speed of shot to beat two men over a barrier #c to #c #a_/b feet high with a distance of some #cb feet4 ,it is angles1 pace1 and accuracy that should be the aim in a great doubles game4 ,resource1 versatility1 and subtlety1 not speed1 win doubles matches4 ,,part ,,iii3 ,,modern ,,tennis ,,and ,,its ,,future ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,growth ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,game ,lawn tennis is the outgrowth of the old ,french game of the courts of the early ,louis4 ,it spread to ,england1 where it gained a firm hold on public favour4 ,the game divided2 the original form being closely adhered to in the game known in ,america as ,court tennis1 but which is called ,tennis in ,england4 ,lawn tennis grew out of it4 ,the old style game was played over a net some #e feet high1 and the service was always from the same end1 the players changing courts each game4 ,it was more on the style of the present game of badminton or battledore and shuttlecock4 ,gradually the desire for active play had its effect1 in a lowered net and changed laws1 and tennis1 as we know it1 grew into being4 ,from its earliest period1 which is deeply shrouded in mystery1 came the terms of love for nothing and deuce for #dj-;all4 ,what they meant originally1 or how they gained their hold is unknown1 but the terms are a tradition of the game and just as much a part of the scoring system as the game or set call4 ,in #aibj the ,rules ,committee of the ,american ,tennis ,association advocated a change in scoring that replaced love1 #ae1 #cj1 #dj with the more comprehensive #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,the real reason for the proposed change was the belief that the word love in tennis made the uninitiated consider the game effeminate and repelled possible supporters4 ,the loyal adherents of the old customs of the game proved too strong1 and defeated the proposed change in scoring by an overwhelming majority4 ,personally1 ,i think there is some slight claim to consideration for the removal of the word love4 ,it can do no good1 and there are many substitutes for it4 ,it can easily be eliminated without revolutionizing the whole scoring system4 ,it is far easier to substitute the words zero1 nothing1 for love than cause such an upheaval as was proposed4 ,in my opinion the best way to obviate the matter is to use the player's name in conjunction with the points won by him1 when his opponent has none4 ,if the first point is won by ,williams1 call the score #ae1 ,williams and1 with his opponent scoring the next1 the call would become #ae-;all4 ,if tennis loses one adherent1 it could otherwise gain1 simply by its retaining the word love in the score1 ,i heartily advocate removing it4 ,this removal was successfully accomplished in ,chicago in #aiai1 with no confusion to players1 umpires1 or public4 ,however1 returning from my little digression on the relative value of love and nothing1 let me continue my short history of the game4 ,the playing of tennis sprang into public favour so quickly that in a comparatively short space of time it was universally played in ,england and ,france4 ,the game was brought to ,america in the latter part of the nineteenth century4 ,its growth there in the past twenty-five years has been phenomenal4 ,during the last half century tennis gained a firm foothold in all the colonies of the ,british ,empire1 and even found favour in the ,orient1 as is explained in another portion of this book4 ,tennis fills many needs of mankind4 ,it provides an outlet for physical energy1 relaxation1 mental stimulus1 and healthful exercise4 ,the moral tone is aided by tennis because the first law of tennis is that every player must be a good sportsman and inherently a gentleman4 ,tennis was recognized by the ,allied ,governments as one of the most beneficial sports during the ,world ,war4 ,not only were the men in service encouraged to play whenever possible1 but the ,allied ,governments lent official aid to the various service tournaments held in ,france following the signing of the ,armistice4 ,the importance of tennis in the eyes of the ,american ,government may be gleaned from the fact that great numbers of hard courts were erected at the various big cantonments1 and organized play offered to the soldiers4 ,many of the leading players who were in training in ,america at the time of the ,national ,championship1 which was played solely to raise money for the ,red ,cross1 were granted leave from their various stations to take part in the competition4 ,among the most notable were ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 ,conrad ,b4 ,doyle1 ,harold ,throckmorton1 ,s4 ,howard ,voshell1 and myself1 all of whom were granted leave of two weeks or a month4 ,captain ,r4 ,n4 ,williams and ,ensigns ,william ,m4 ,johnston and ,maurice ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 and many other stars1 were overseas4 ,official recognition at such a time puts a stamp of approval on the game which goes far to justify its world-wide popularity4 ,the tennis world lost many of its best in that titanic struggle4 ,the passing of so many from its ranks left gaps that will be hard to fill4 ,the gallant death of ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding in ,flanders cost the game one of its greatest players1 and finest men4 ,i had not the pleasure of knowing ,wilding personally yet ,i1 like all the tennis world1 felt a sense of keen personal loss at his heroic passing4 ,wilding was a man whose sterling qualities gave even more to the game than his play1 and tennis is better for his all too brief career4 ,america lost some of its finest manhood in the ,war1 and tennis paid its toll4 ,no player was a more likeable personality nor popular figure among the rising stars than ,john ,plaffman1 the young ,harvard man who gave his life in ,flanders fields4 ,i cannot touch on the many heroes who made everlasting fame in a bigger game than that which they loved so well4 ,time is too short4 ,it is sufficient to know that the tennis players of the world dropped their sport at the call of ,war1 and played as well with death as ever they did on the tennis court4 ,the ,war is over1 please ,god never to return1 and the men are back from their marvellous task4 ,the game of ,war is done1 the games of ,peace are again being played4 ,tennis suffered the world over from war's blight1 but everywhere the game sprang up in renewed life at the close of hostilities4 ,the season of #aiai was one of reconstruction after the devastation4 ,new figures were standing in prominence where old stars were accustomed to be seen4 ,the question on the lips of all the tennis players was whether the stars of pre-,war days would return to their former greatness4 ,the ,championship of the ,world for #aiai at ,wimbledon was anxiously awaited4 ,who would stand forth as the shining light of that meeting8 ,gerald ,patterson1 the ,australian ,hurricane1 as the press called him1 came through a notable field and successfully challenged ,norman ,brookes for the title4 ,gobert and ,kingscote fell before him1 and the press hailed him as a player of transcendent powers4 ,the ,australian team of ,brookes1 ,patterson1 ,r4 ,v4 ,thomas1 and ,randolph ,lycett journeyed home to the ,antipodes by way of ,america to compete in the ,american ,championship4 ,meanwhile ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 and ,maurice ,e4 ,m',loughlin were demobilized1 and were again on the courts4 ,the ,american ,championships assumed an importance equal to that of the ,wimbledon event4 ,the ,australian team of ,brookes and ,patterson successfully challenged the ,american title-holders in doubles1 ,vincent ,richards and myself1 after defeating the best teams in ,america1 including ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston and ,c4 ,j4 ,griffin1 the former champions4 ,speculation was rife as to ,patterson's ability to triumph in the ,singles ,championship1 and public interest ran high4 ,the ,singles ,championship proved a notable triumph for ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 who won a decisive1 clear-cut1 and deserved victory from a field never equalled in the history of tennis4 ,johnston defeated ,patterson in a marvellous #e-set struggle1 while ,brookes lost to me in four sets4 ,m',loughlin went down to ,williams in a match that showed the famous ,comet but a faint shadow of his former self4 ,williams was defeated in sequence sets by me4 ,the final round found ,johnston in miraculous form and complete master of the match from start to finish1 and he defeated me in three sequence sets4 ,immediately following the championship1 the ,australian-,american team match took place4 ,in this ,brookes went down to defeat before ,johnston in four close sets1 while ,i succeeded in scoring another point by nosing out ,patterson by the same score4 ,thus #aiai gave ,johnston a clear claim to the title of the ,world's ,premier ,tennis ,player4 ,the whole season saw marked increase in tennis interest throughout the entire world4 ,i have gone into more detail concerning the season of #aiai than ,i otherwise would1 to attempt to show the revival of the tennis game in the public interest1 and why it is so4 ,the evolution of the tennis game is a natural logical one4 ,there is a definite cycle of events that can be traced4 ,the picture is clearest in ,america as the steps of advancements are more definitely defined4 ,it is from ,america that ,i am going to analyse the growth of modern tennis4 ,the old saying1 ,three generations from shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves1 may well be parodied to ,three decades from ground strokes to ground strokes4 ,the game of tennis is one great circle that never quite closes4 ,progress will not allow a complete return to the old style4 ,yet the style1 without the method of thirty years ago1 is coming back in vogue4 ,it is a polished1 decorated version of the old type game4 ,it is expanded and developed4 ,history tells us that the civilization of the old ,greeks and ,romans held many so-called modern luxuries1 but not the methods of acquiring them we have to-day4 ,just so with tennis2 for the ground4 stroke game was the style of the past1 just as it will be the style of the future2 but the modern method of making ground strokes is a very different thing from the one used by the old-time stars4 ,we are on the brink of the upheaval4 ,the next few years will show results in the tennis game that were not thought of before the ,war4 ,tennis is becoming an organized sport1 with skilled management4 ,modern methods1 where efficiency is the watchword1 is the new idea in tennis development4 ,tennis is on the verge of the greatest increase in its history4 ,never before has tennis of all types been so universally played1 nor by such great multitudes4 ,its drawing power is phenomenal1 hundreds of thousands of people witnessing matches the world over1 and played during the season of #aibj4 ,there are more players of fame now before the public than at any previous time since tennis became established4 ,the standard of play of the masses and quality of game of the stars have risen tremendously in the last decade4 ,no less an authority than ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 whose active playing days cover a period of twenty years1 told me during the ,american ,championships1 last year at ,forest ,hills1 that in his opinion the game in ,america had advanced fully #ae in ten years4 ,he stated that he believed the leading players of to-day were the superior of the ,larneds1 ,dohertys1 and ,pims of the past4 ,the most remarkable advance has been along the lines of junior play3 the development of a large group of boys ranging in age from thirteen to eighteen1 who will in time replace the ,johnstons1 ,williams1 and ,m',loughlins of to-day4 ,american tennis has passed through a series1 of revolutionary stages that have changed the complex of the game4 ,english tennis has merely followed its natural development1 unaffected by external influences or internal upheaval1 so that the game today is a refined product of the game of twenty years ago4 ,refined but not vitalized4 ,the ,world ,war alone placed its blight on the ,english game1 and changed the even tenor of its way4 ,naturally the ,war had only a devastating effect4 ,no good sprang from it4 ,it is to the everlasting credit of the ,french and ,english that during those horrible four years of privation1 suffering1 and death the sports of the nations lived4 ,the true type of ,english tennis1 from which ,american tennis has sprung1 was the baseline driving game4 ,it is still the same4 ,well-executed drives1 hit leisurely and gracefully from the base- line1 appealed to the temperament of the ,english people4 ,they developed this style to a perfection well-nigh invincible to cope with from the same position4 ,the ,english gave the tennis world its traditions1 its ,dohertys1 and its ,smiths4 ,tennis development1 just as tennis psychology1 is largely a matter of geographical distribution4 ,this is so well recognized now in ,america that the country is divided in various geographic districts by the national association1 and sectional associations carry on the development of their locality under the supervision of the national body4 ,naturally new countries1 with different customs1 would not develop along the same lines as ,england4 ,america1 ,australia1 and ,south ,africa took the ,english style1 and began their tennis career on the baseline game4 ,each of these has since had a distinct yet similar growth--a variance to the original style4 ,american tennis followed the ,english baseline style through a period that developed ,dr4 ,dwight1 ,r4 ,d4 ,sears1 ,henry ,slocum1 and other stars4 ,tennis1 during this time1 was gaining a firm hold among the boys and young men who found the deep-driving game devoid of the excitement they desired4 ,americans always enjoy experiments1 so the rising players tried coming to the net at any reasonable opening4 ,gradually this plan became popular1 until ,dwight ,davis and ,holcombe ,ward surprised the tennis world with their new service1 now the ,american twist1 and used it as an opening gun in a net attack4 ,this new system gave us besides ,davis and ,ward1 the ,wrenn brothers1 ,george and ,robert1 ,malcolm ,whitman1 ,m4 ,g4 ,chace1 and finally ,beals ,c4 ,wright4 ,the baseline game had its firm adherents who followed it loyally1 and it reached its crest in the person of ,william ,a4 ,larned4 ,previous to this time1 speed1 cyclonic hitting and furious smashing were unknown1 although rumours of some player named ,m',loughlin combining these qualities were floating ,east from the ,pacific ,coast4 ,not much stock was taken in this phenomenon until #aijh1 when ,maurice ,evans ,m',loughlin burst upon the tennis world with a flash of brilliancy that earned him his popular nickname1 ,the ,california ,comet4 ,m',loughlin was the turning-point in ,american tennis4 ,he made a lasting impression on the game that can never be erased4 ,his personality gained him a following and fame1 both in ,america and ,england1 that have seldom been equalled in the sporting world4 ,m',loughlin was the disciple of speed4 ,cyclonic1 dynamic energy1 embodied in a fiery-headed boy1 transformed tennis to a game of brawn as well as brains4 ,america went crazy over ,red ,mac1 and all the rising young players sought to emulate his game4 ,no man has brought a more striking personality1 or more generous sportsmanship1 into tennis than ,m',loughlin4 ,the game owes him a great personal debt2 but this very personal charm that was his made many players strive to copy his style and methods1 which unfortunately were not fundamentally of the best4 ,m',loughlin was a unique tennis player4 ,his whole game was built up on service and overhead4 ,his ground strokes were very faulty4 ,by his personal popularity ,m',loughlin dwarfed the importance of ground strokes1 and unduly emphasized the importance of service4 ,m',loughlin gave us speed1 dash1 and verve in our tennis4 ,it remained for ,r4 ,n4 ,williams and ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston to restore the balance of the modern game by solving the riddle of the ,californian's service4 ,brookes and ,wilding led the way by first meeting the ball as it came off the ground4 ,yet neither of these two wizards of the court successfully handled ,m',loughlin's service as did ,williams and ,johnston4 ,m',loughlin swept ,brookes and ,wilding into the discard on those memorable days in #aiad1 when the dynamic game of the fiery-headed ,californian rose to heights it had never attained previously1 and he defeated both men in the ,davis ,cup4 ,less than one month later ,williams1 playing as only ,williams can1 annihilated that mighty delivery and crushed ,m',loughlin in the final of the ,national ,championship4 ,it was the beginning of the end for ,m',loughlin1 for once his attack was repulsed he had no sound defence to fall back on4 ,williams and then ,johnston triumphed by the wonderful ground strokes that held back ,m',loughlin's attack4 ,to-day we are still in the period of service and net attack1 with the cycle closing toward the ground- stroke game4 ,yet the circle will never close1 for the net game is the final word in attack1 and only attack will succeed4 ,the evolution means that the ground stroke is again established as the only modern defence against the net player4 ,modern tennis should be an attacking service1 not necessarily epoch-making1 as was ,m',loughlin's1 but powerfully offensive1 with the main portion of the play from the baseline in sparring for openings to advance to the net4 ,once the opening is made the advance should follow quickly1 and the point ended by a decisive kill4 ,that is the modern ,american game4 ,it is the game of ,australia as typified by ,patterson schooled under the ,brookes tutelage4 ,it is the game of ,france1 played by ,gobert1 ,laurentz1 and ,brugnon4 ,it has spread to ,south ,africa1 and is used by ,winslow1 ,norton1 and ,raymond4 ,japan sees its possibilities1 and ,kumagae and ,shimidzu are even now learning the net attack to combine with the baseline game4 ,england alone remains obstinate in her loyalty to her old standby1 and even there signs of the joint attack are found in the game of ,kingscote4 ,tennis has spread so rapidly that the old idea of class and class game has passed away with so many other ancient1 yet snobbish1 traditions4 ,tennis is universally played4 ,the need of proper development of the game became so great in ,america that the ,american ,lawn ,tennis ,association organized1 in #aiag1 a system of developing the boys under eighteen years of age all over the ,united ,states4 ,the fundamental idea in the system1 which had its origin in the able brain of ,julian ,s4 ,myrick1 ,president of the ,united ,states ,lawn ,tennis ,association1 was to arouse and sustain interest in the various sections by dealing with local conditions4 ,this was successfully done through a system of local open tournaments1 that qualified boys to a sectional championship4 ,these sectional championships in turn qualified the winners for the ,national junior ,championship1 which is held annually in conjunction with the men's event at ,forest ,hills4 ,the success of the system has been stupendous4 ,the growth of tennis in certain localities has been phenomenal4 ,in ,philadelphia alone over #ejj boys compete in sanctioned play annually1 while the city ranking for #aiai contained the names of #hh boys under eighteen1 and #cj under fifteen1 all of whom had competed in at least three sanctioned events4 ,the school leagues of the city hold a schedule of #gbf individual matches a year4 ,the success of the ,philadelphia junior system is due to the many large clubs who give the use of their courts and the balls for an open tournament4 ,among these clubs are ,germantown ,cricket ,club1 ,cynwyd ,club1 ,philadelphia ,cricket1 ,overbrook ,golf ,club1 ,belfield ,country ,club1 ,stenton ,a4 ,c41 ,green ,point ,tennis ,clubs and at times ,merion ,cricket ,club4 ,the movement has been fostered and built up by the efforts of a small group of men1 the most important of whom is ,paul ,w4 ,gibbons1 ,president of the ,philadelphia ,tennis ,association1 together with ,wm4 ,h4 ,connell of ,germantown1 the late ,hosmer ,w4 ,hanna of ,stenton1 whose untiring efforts aided greatly in obtaining a real start1 ,dr4 ,chuton ,a4 ,strong1 ,president of the ,interscholastic ,league1 ,albert ,l4 ,hoskins1 for years ,vice-,president of the ,u4,s4,l4,t4,a41 and others4 ,this plan brought great results4 ,it developed such players as ,rodney ,m4 ,beck1 ,h4 ,f4 ,domkin1 ,g4 ,b4 ,pfingst1 ,carl ,fischer1 the most promising boy in the city1 who has graduated from the junior age limit1 and ,charles ,watson 7third71 who1 in #aibj1 is the ,philadelphia junior ,champion1 and one of the most remarkable players for a boy of sixteen ,i have ever seen4 ,new ,york ,city was fortunate in having ,f4 ,b4 ,alexander1 the famous ,internationalist1 to handle the junior tennis there4 ,he1 together with ,julian ,s4 ,myrick1 and several other men1 built up a series of tournaments around ,new ,york that produced some remarkable young players4 ,it is largely due to the junior system that ,vincent ,richards has become the marvellous player that he is1 at such an early age4 ,second only to ,richards1 and but a shade behind1 are ,harold ,taylor and ,cecil ,donaldson1 who have just passed out of the junior age limit4 ,charles ,wood1 the ,indoor ,boys ,champion1 is a remarkable youngster4 ,in ,new ,england1 particularly in ,providence1 through the efforts of ,j4 ,d4 ,e4 ,jones1 junior tennis is rapidly assuming an important place1 and many young stars who will be heard of in the future are coming to the fore4 ,by a strange coincidence the list is headed by the two sons of ,jones4 ,they seem to have inherited their father's ability4 ,arnold ,w4 ,jones1 the ,national ,boy ,champion1 is a player of marked ability1 with a fine all-around game4 ,following closely on his heels come ,j4 ,d4 ,e4 ,jones1 ,jr41 and ,wm4 ,w4 ,ingraham4 ,from the ,south one finds ,john ,e4 ,howard4 ,around ,chicago a group of men1 led by ,samuel ,hardy1 captain of the #aibj ,davis ,cup team1 and assisted by ,r4 ,t4 ,van ,arsdale1 built up a magnificent system of tournaments and coaching4 ,hardy left ,chicago and came to ,new ,york in #aiai2 but the work which he so ably organized will continue under the supervision of the ,western ,association4 ,the leading juniors developed in ,chicago were ,lucian ,williams and the ,weber brothers1 ,james and ,jerry4 ,from the ,pacific ,coast1 the pioneer in junior development1 wonderful boys are continually coming ,east4 ,a boy's tennis game matures early in ,california4 ,m',loughlin was about eighteen when he first came ,east2 ,johnston less than twenty-one when he won the national title the first time2 ,marvin ,griffin and ,morgan ,fottrell are in #aibj the leading youngsters in ,california4 ,the success of the ,californians is due largely to the efforts of ,dr4 ,sumner ,hardy1 brother of ,samuel ,hardy1 and one of the most remarkable figures in the tennis world4 ,dr4 ,hardy practically carries the ,california ,association single handed4 ,he is a big factor in ,american tennis success4 ,from up in ,washington ,state1 a fine young player1 ,marshall ,allen1 has come to the fore4 ,charles ,s4 ,garland1 the ,davis ,cup star1 is a former junior ,champion of ,america1 and a product of the junior system in ,pittsburg1 which is so ably handled by his father1 ,charles ,garland4 ,other young stars developing include ,george ,moreland and ,leonard ,reed4 ,most of the foregoing is irrelevant1 ,i suppose1 but ,i have gone into detail because ,i want to prove that ,america has gone into the matter of junior developments1 carefully1 systematically1 and has produced results4 ,it has been proved conclusively that it is in the schools that the most favourable progress could be made4 ,once tennis is placed on the basis of importance it deserves1 the boys will take it up4 ,at present there is a tendency to discount tennis and golf in school4 ,this is a big mistake1 as these two games are the only ones that a man can play regularly after he leaves college and enters1 into business4 ,the school can keep a sport alive4 ,it is schools that kept cricket alive in ,england1 and lack of scholastic support that killed it in ,america4 ,the future of tennis in ,england1 ,france1 ,australia1 ,japan1 etc41 rests in the hands of the boys4 ,if the game is to grow1 tennis must be encouraged among the youngsters and played in the schools4 ,england is faced with a serious problem4 ,eton and ,harrow1 the two big schools1 are firm set against tennis4 ,the other institutions naturally follow in the lead of these famous schools4 ,the younger generation is growing up with little or no knowledge of tennis4 ,one thing that forcibly bore in on my mind1 during my trip in #aibj1 was the complete absence of boys of all ages at the various tournaments4 ,in ,america youngsters from ten years of age up swarm all over the grounds at big tennis events4 ,i saw very few of either at ,queen's ,club1 ,wimbledon1 ,eastbourne1 or ,edgbaston where ,i played4 ,the boys do not understand tennis in ,england1 and naturally do not care to play it4 ,the ,english ,lawn ,tennis ,association is very desirous of building up tennis in the schools2 but so far has not yet succeeded in breaking down the old prejudice4 ,it is really a question of life or death with ,english tennis at this time4 ,major ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 the youngest of the leading players in ,england1 is older than any man in the ,american ,first ten1 with the single exception of ,walter ,t4 ,hayes4 ,j4 ,c4 ,parke has stated definitely that #aibj marked his retirement from the game4 ,he is just under forty4 ,young players must be found to replace the waning stars4 ,the danger is not immediate1 for all the players who proved so good in #aibj seemed certain of several more years of first- class play2 but what of the next ten years8 ,the future development of tennis is dependent largely upon the type of court that will become the standard4 ,all big fixtures to-day are played on grass wherever possible4 ,there is little question but that the grass game is the best4 ,in the first place1 it is the old-established custom1 and should be maintained if possible4 ,secondly1 the game is more skilful and more interesting on turf4 ,thirdly1 grass is far easier on the eyes and feet of the players than any other surface4 ,there are drawbacks to grass courts4 ,grass cannot grow in all climates4 ,the grass season opens late and closes early4 ,the expense of upkeep is very great1 and skilled groundsmen are required at all clubs that have grass courts4 ,the hard court of clay or dirt1 cinder1 en-tout-cas1 or asphalt allows more continuous play and uniform conditions in more kinds of weather4 ,the bound is truer and higher1 but the light and surface are harder on the player4 ,the balls wear light very rapidly1 while racquets wear through quite soon4 ,the advantages are a much longer season on hard courts1 with less chance of weather interrupting important meetings4 ,the courts require far less care in upkeep than grass4 ,what has been the actual tendency in the last decade8 ,in ,america the hard courts erected have been approximately nine to one grass4 ,america is rapidly become a hard-court country4 ,france is entirely on a hard-court basis2 there are no grass courts at all4 ,play in ,south ,africa is entirely on hard courts4 ,australia and the ,british ,isles have successfully repelled the hard-court invasion thus far1 although during the past two years the number of hard courts put up in ,england has exceeded grass4 ,the en-tout-cas court of peculiar red surface is the most popular composition in ,england and the ,continent4 ,there seems little doubt but that the hard court is the coming surface in the next decade4 ,grass will continue to be used for the most important events1 but the great majority of the tennis played1 exclusive of the championships1 will be on hard courts4 ,the result on the game will be one of increasing the value of the ground stroke and partially cutting down the net attack1 since the surface of a hard court is slippery and tends to make it hard to reach the net to volley4 ,thus the natural attack will become a drive and not a volley4 ,hard-court play speeds up the ground strokes1 and makes the game more orthodox4 ,the installation of hard courts universally should spread tennis rapidly1 since it will afford more chance to play over a longer period4 ,the growth of public courts in the parks and the municipal play grounds in ,america has been a big factor in the spread of the game's popularity4 ,formerly a man or boy had to belong to a club in order to have an opportunity to play tennis4 ,now all he needs is a racquet and balls1 and he may play on a public court in his own city4 ,this movement will spread1 not only in ,america but throughout the world4 ,england and ,france have some public courts2 but their systems are not quite as well organized as the ,american4 ,the branch of tennis which ,england and ,france foster1 and in which ,america is woefully lax1 is the indoor game4 ,unfortunately the majority of the courts abroad have wood surfaces1 true but lightning fast4 ,the perfect indoor court should retain its true bound1 but slow up the skid of the ball4 ,the most successful surface ,i have ever played upon is battleship linoleum--the heavy covering used on men-of-war4 ,this gives a true1 slightly retarded bound1 not unlike a very fast grass court4 ,indoor play in ,america is sadly crippled by reason of no adequate facilities for play4 ,the so-called ,national ,indoor ,championship is held at the ,seventh ,regiment ,armoury in ,new ,york ,city on a wood floor1 with such frightful lighting that it is impossible to play real tennis4 ,the two covered courts at ,longwood ,club1 ,boston1 are very fine1 well lighted1 with plenty of space4 ,there is a magnificent court at ,providence1 and another at ,buffalo4 ,utica boasts of another1 while there are several fine courts1 privately owned1 on ,long ,island4 ,new ,york ,city uses the big armouries for indoor play2 but the surface and light in these are not fit for real tennis4 ,the ,brooklyn ,heights ,casino has the only adequate court in the ,metropolitan district4 ,philadelphia and ,chicago1 cities of enormous populations and great tennis interest1 have no courts or facilities for indoor play4 ,this condition must be rectified in ,america if we wish to keep our supremacy in the tennis world4 ,the ,french players are remarkable on wood4 ,gobert is said to be the superior of any player in the world1 when playing under good conditions indoors4 ,the game of tennis is worthy of having all types of play within reach of its devotees4 ,why should a player drop his sport in ,october because the weather is cold8 ,indoor play during the winter means an improvement from season to season4 ,lack of it is practically stagnation or retrogression4 ,the future will see a growth of hard-court play the world over4 ,grass must fight to hold its position4 ,indoor play will come more and more into vogue4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,the ,,probable ,,future ,,of ,,the ,,game ,what will be the outcome of the world-wide boom in tennis8 ,will the game change materially in the coming years8 ,time1 alone1 can answer2 but with that rashness that seizes one when the opportunity to prophesy arrives and no one is at hand to cry ,hold1 hold1 ,i dare to submit my views on the coming years in international tennis4 ,i do not look to see a material change in the playing rules4 ,a revival of the footfault fiend1 who desires to handicap the server1 is international in character and1 like the poor1 always with us4 ,the ,international ,federation has practically adopted a footfault rule for #aiba that prohibits the server lifting one foot unless replaced behind the baseline4 ,it is believed this will do away with the terrific services4 ,the only effect ,i can see from it is to move the server back a few inches1 or possibly a foot1 while he delivers the same service and follows in with a little more speed of foot4 ,it will not change the game at all4 ,sir ,oliver ,lodge1 the eminent scientist1 has joined the advocates of but one service per point4 ,this seems so radical and in all so useless1 since it entirely kills service as other than a mere formality1 and puts it back where it was twenty-five years ago1 that ,i doubt if even the weight of ,sir ,oliver ,lodge's eminent opinion can put it over4 ,to allow one service is to hand the game more fully into the receiver's hands than it now rests in the server's4 ,the playing rules are adequate in every way1 and the perfect accord with which representatives of the various countries meet and play1 happily1 successfully1 and what is more important1 annually1 is sufficient endorsement of the fundamental principles4 ,the few slight variations of the different countries are easily learned and work no hardships on visiting players4 ,why change a known successful quantity for an unknown8 ,it seldom pays4 ,the style of play is now approaching a type which ,i believe will prove to have a long life4 ,to-day we are beginning to combine the various styles in one man4 ,the champion of the future will necessarily need more equipment than the champion of to-day4 ,the present shows us the forehand driving of ,johnston1 the service of ,murray1 the volleying of ,richards1 the chop of ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 the smash of ,patterson1 the half volley of ,williams1 and the back hand of ,pell4 ,the future will find the greatest players combining much of these games4 ,it can be done if the player will study4 ,i believe that every leading player in the world in #aiej will have a drive and a chop1 fore- and backhand from the baseline4 ,he will use at least two styles of service1 since one will not suffice against the stroke of that period4 ,he will be a volleyer who can safely advance to the net1 yet his attack will be based on a ground game4 ,he must smash well4 ,in short1 ,i believe that the key to future tennis success lies in variety of stroke4 ,the day of the one-stroke player is passing4 ,each year sees the versatile game striding forward by leaps and bounds4 ,the future champion of the world must be a man of keen intellect1 since psychology is assuming the importance that is its due4 ,he must train earnestly1 carefully1 and consistently4 ,the day of playing successful tennis and staying up till daybreak is over4 ,the game is too fast and too severe for that4 ,as competition increases the price of success goes up2 but its worth increases in a greater ratio1 for the man who triumphs in the ,world's ,championship in #aiej will survive a field of stars beyond our wildest dreams in #aibj4 ,what of the various countries8 ,america should retain her place at or near the top1 for the boys we are now developing should not only make great players themselves1 but should carry on the work of training the coming generations4 ,england has but to interest her youth in the game to hold her place with the leaders4 ,i believe it will be done4 ,i look to see great advances made in tennis among the boys in ,england in the next few years4 ,i believe the game will change to conform more to the modern net attack4 ,england will never be the advanced tennis-playing country that her colonies are1 for her whole atmosphere is one of conservatism in sport4 ,still her game will change4 ,already a slight modification is at work4 ,the next decade will see a big change coming over the style of ,english tennis4 ,the wonderful sporting abilities of the ,englishman1 his ability to produce his best when seemingly down and out mean that1 no matter how low the ebb to which tennis might fall1 the inherent abilities of the ,english athlete would always bring it up4 ,i sound pessimistic about the immediate future4 ,i am not1 provided ,english boyhood is interested in the game4 ,japan is the country of the future4 ,there is no more remarkable race of students on the globe than the ,japanese4 ,they like tennis1 and are coming with increasing numbers to our tournaments4 ,they prove themselves sterling sportsmen and remarkable players4 ,i look to see ,japan a power in tennis in the next twenty-five years4 ,france1 with her brilliant temperamental unstable people1 will always provide interesting players and charming opponents4 ,i do not look to see ,france materially change her present position--which is one of extreme honour1 of great friendliness1 and keen competition4 ,her game will not greatly rise1 nor will she lose in any way the prestige that is hers4 ,it will be many long years before the players of those enemy countries1 who plunged the world into the horrible baptism of blood from which we have only just emerged1 will ever be met by the players of the ,allies4 ,personally1 ,i trust ,i may not see their re-entry into the game4 ,not from the question of the individuals1 but from the feeling which will not down4 ,there is no need to deal at this time with the future of ,germany and ,austria4 ,australasia and ,south ,africa1 the great colonies of the ,british ,empire1 should be on the edge of a great tennis wave4 ,i look to see great players rise in ,australasia to refill the gaps left by the passing of ,wilding and the retirement of ,brookes4 ,it takes great players to fill such gaps2 but great players are bred from the traditions of the former masters4 ,the early season of #aiba saw a significant and to my way of looking at it1 wise move on the part of ,new ,zealand when the ,new ,zealand tennis association withdrew from the ,australasian tennis association and decided to compete for the ,davis ,cup in future years as a separate nation4 ,no one can deny the great help ,australia has been to ,new ,zealand in tennis development1 but the time has come now for ,new ,zealand to stand on her own4 ,since the regrettable death of ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 in whose memory ,new ,zealand has a tennis asset and standard that will always hold a place in world sport1 the ,new ,zealand tennis players have been unable to produce a player of skill enough to make the ,davis ,cup team of ,australasia4 ,it has fallen to ,australia with ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 to whose unfailing support and interest ,australasian tennis owes its progress since the war1 ,g4 ,l4 ,patterson1 ,w4 ,h4 ,anderson1 ,r4 ,l4 ,heath1 and ,pat ,o',hara ,wood to uphold the traditions of the game4 ,the ,davis ,cup challenge round of #aiba was staged in ,new ,zealand in accord with the agreement between ,australia and ,new ,zealand and also in memory of ,a4 ,f4 ,wilding4 ,the tremendous interest in the play throughout the entire country showed the time was ripe for a drastic step forward if the step was ever to be taken4 ,so after careful consideration the split of ,australia and ,new ,zealand has taken place4 ,what will this mean to ,new ,zealand8 ,first it means that it will be years before another ,davis ,cup match will be staged on her shores1 for it takes time and plenty of it to produce a winning team1 but at the time1 the fact is borne in on the tennis playing faction in ,new ,zealand that as soon as they desire to challenge1 their players will gain the opportunity of ,international competition4 ,experience matures players faster than anything else and ,i am sure that the move that will place a team of ,new ,zealand players in the field in the ,davis ,cup will be the first and biggest step forward to real world power in tennis4 ,new ,zealand produced one ,wilding1 why should not another appear8 ,i was tremendously impressed by the interest existing among the ,new ,zealand boys in tennis4 ,i met a great number during my few weeks in ,auckland and seldom have seen such a magnificent physical type coupled with mental keenness4 ,these boys1 given the opportunity to play under adequate supervision and coaching1 should produce tennis players of the highest class4 ,the ,new ,zealand association has made a drastic move4 ,i hope they have the wisdom to see far enough ahead to provide plenty of play for their young players and if possible to obtain adequate coaches in the clubs and schools4 ,frankly ,i see no players of ,davis ,cup calibre now in ,new ,zealand4 ,i did see many boys whom ,i felt if given the chance would become ,davis ,cup material4 ,the break with ,new ,zealand will have no effect on ,australia1 except to relieve a slight friction that has existed4 ,australia has plenty of material coming to insure a succession of fine teams for the ,davis ,cup in the future4 ,both ,australia and ,new ,zealand handle their tennis in the country in a most efficient manner and the game seems to me to be progressing in a natural and healthy manner4 ,the next ten years will decide the fate of ,new ,zealand tennis4 ,if they organise a systematic development of their boys ,i feel convinced they will gain a place of equality with ,australia4 ,if they do not seize their opening now1 tennis will not revive until some genius of the game such as ,norman ,e4 ,brookes arises in their midst from only the ,lord knows where4 ,the future should see ,america and ,australia fighting for supremacy in the tennis world1 with ,england and ,france close on their heels1 to jump in the lead at the first faltering4 ,it is only a matter of time before the last differences between the ,international ,federation and the ,america ,association are patched up4 ,the fundamental desires of each1 to spread the growth of tennis1 are the same4 ,sooner or later the bar will fall1 and a truly ,international ,federation1 worldwide in scope1 will follow4 ,i look to see the ,davis ,cup matches gain in importance and public interest as each year goes by4 ,the growth of the public interest in the game is seen at every hand4 ,wimbledon must seek new quarters4 ,the new grounds of the ,all ,england ,club will provide accommodation for #bj1jjj to witness the championships4 ,this enormous stadium is the result of public pressure1 owing to the crowds that could not be accommodated at the old grounds4 ,westside ,club1 ,forest ,hills1 where the ,american ,championship was held1 is planning accommodation for #be1jjj1 provided that they are awarded the championship for a long term of years4 ,davis ,cup matches are now drawing from #aj1jjj to #ae1jjj where the accommodation is available4 ,what will the future hold8 ,i believe that #aiej will find the game of tennis on a plane undreamed of to-day4 ,tennis is still in its infancy4 ,may ,i have the pleasure to help in rocking the cradle4 ,my task is completed4 ,i have delved into the past1 analysed the present1 and prophesied the future1 with a complete disregard of conventions and traditions4 ,the old order changeth1 and ,i trust that my book may aid slightly in turning the tennis thought in the direction of organized developments4 ,the day of self is past4 ,the day of co-operation is dawning4 ,it is seen in the junior tennis1 the municipal tennis1 and the spirit of international brotherhood in the game4 ,assistance is necessary to success in any venture4 ,my book has been made possible only by the aid afforded me by several of my companions on the ,davis ,cup team trip4 ,the task of arranging the material in coherent order and proper style is one of the most important points4 ,i owe a debt of gratitude to ,mrs4 ,samuel ,hardy1 wife of our captain1 for her never-failing interest and keen judgment in the matter of style4 ,mr4 ,hardy1 with his great knowledge of the game of tennis1 as player1 official1 and organizer1 freely gave of his store of experience1 and to him ,i owe much that is interesting in the tactics of the game4 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 my team-mate1 was always a willing critic and generous listener1 and his playing abilities and decided ideas on the game gave much material that found its way into these pages4 ,i wish to express my gratitude for his able assistance4 ,charles ,s4 ,garland1 my doubles partner and close friend1 gave never-wavering faith and a willing ear to my ravings over strokes1 tactics1 and theories1 while his orthodox views on tennis acted as a stop on my rather ,bolshevik ideas4 ,to all these people ,i express my thanks for their part in any success ,i may attain with this book4 ,i have a firm belief in the future of tennis4 ,i recommend it to all4 ,it gives firm friends1 a healthy body1 a keen mind1 and a clean sport4 ,it calls forth the best that is in you1 and repays you in its own coin4 ,,the #aiba ,,season ,the season of #aiba was the most remarkable year in tennis history throughout the whole world4 ,more tennis was played and more people viewed it than ever before4 ,the climax of famous ,davis ,cup competition was reached when ,england1 ,france1 ,japan1 ,australia1 the ,philippines1 ,denmark1 ,belgium1 ,argentine1 ,spain1 ,india1 ,canada and ,czecho-,slovakia challenged for the right to play ,america1 the holding nation4 ,this wonderful representation naturally produced not only many new stars1 but also thousands of new enthusiasts in the various countries where the matches were played4 ,the early rounds saw several brilliant matches and naturally some defaults4 ,argentine and the ,philippines could not put a team in the field at the last moment4 ,belgium1 after defeating ,czecho-,slovakia1 was unable to finance her team to ,america to meet the winner of ,england and ,australasia4 ,england scored a fine victory over ,spain when ,randolph ,lycett1 ,f4 ,gordon ,lowe and ,max ,e4 ,woosnam defeated ,manuel ,alonzo and ,count de ,gomar in a close meeting4 ,notwithstanding his defeat by ,lycett1 ,manuel ,alonzo proved himself one of the great players of the world and one of the most attractive personalities in tennis4 ,india sprang a sensation by defeating ,france in their match in ,paris4 ,sleen1 ,jacob and ,deane showed great promise for the future4 ,france was crippled owing to the loss of ,a4 ,h4 ,gobert and ,william ,laurentz1 the former through a seriously sprained ankle sustained in the ,world's ,championship at ,wimbledon1 and the latter through illness4 ,samazieuhl1 the new ,french champion1 and ,brugnon could not cope with the steadiness of the ,indian stars and the team from the ,orient won #c matches to #b4 ,meanwhile the ,australian team of ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson1 ,j4 ,b4 ,hawkes1 ,c4 ,v4 ,todd and ,norman ,peach had arrived in ,america and journeyed to ,canada1 where they swamped their ,colonial cousins easily4 ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 ,gerald ,l4 ,patterson and ,pat ,o',hara ,wood were unable to accompany the team1 so the greatest contender for the title was weakened appreciably4 ,the ,australians decisively defeated the ,danish team of ,tegner and ,van ,ingersley at ,cleveland1 winning with ease4 ,they proceeded to ,pittsburgh to await the arrival of the ,english players4 ,england sent her invading team1 unfortunately without the services of ,col4 ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote and ,randolph ,lycett1 who were unable to go owing to business affairs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 her famous international star1 was also out of the game1 having retired from active competition last year4 ,the ,english team was made up of ,gordon ,lowe1 ,max ,woosnam1 ,j4 ,c4 ,gilbert and ,o4 ,e4 ,h4 ,turnbull4 ,they were accompanied by that delightful author and critic ,a4 ,wallis ,meyers4 ,the ,english met the ,australians at ,pittsburgh in ,july4 ,the latter won three matches to two with ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson1 the outstanding figure of a well played meeting4 ,the tall ,australian defeated both ,lowe and ,woosnam in the singles and aided in the doubles victory1 thus scoring all the points for his team4 ,meanwhile the ,indian team had arrived in ,america and proceeded to ,chicago1 where they met the ,japanese team of ,kumagae and ,shimidzu4 ,the battle of the ,orient resulted in a victory for the ,nipponese4 ,the final round found ,australia playing ,japan in the famous old tennis center of ,newport1 ,r4 ,i41 where the ,national ,singles so long held sway4 ,it was a bitter struggle1 with the ,australians within two little points of victory in two matches they afterwards lost4 ,shimidzu and ,kumagae took all the singles1 but ,kumagae was two sets down to ,hawkes and one to two down to ,anderson4 ,thus ,japan in its first year in ,davis ,cup competition earned the right to challenge ,america for the treasured trophy4 ,it was a marvellous meeting of these two teams4 ,over #dj1jjj people watched the players in three days4 ,although ,america won all five matches1 ,shimidzu came within two points of defeating me in straight sets and carried ,johnston to a bitter four set struggle4 ,the ,cup is safe for another year but the new blood infused into the competition by such men as ,shimidzu1 ,alonzo1 ,woosnam1 ,anderson and ,hawkes shows clearly that ,america must keep working or we will fall from our present position4 ,it is a healthy thing for the game that this is so4 ,i hope we will see many more new players of equal promise next year4 ,the ,united ,states ,lawn ,tennis ,association1 following its policy of co-operation with the ,internation ,federation1 decided to send a team to ,france and ,england for the championships4 ,the personnel of the team was ,mrs4 ,franklin #a4 ,mallory1 ,miss ,edith ,sigourney1 ,arnold ,w4 ,jones 7boy champion of ,america1 #aiai71 and myself4 ,j4 ,d4 ,e4 ,jones1 father of ,arnold1 himself a tennis player of renown1 accompanied the team1 as did ,mr4 ,mallory4 ,the invading tennis players sailed ,may #abth on the ,mauretania to ,cherbourg and from there journeyed to ,paris1 where they engaged in the ,hard ,court ,championship of the world4 ,the first week of the stay was devoted to practice on the courts at the ,stad ,francais1 ,st4 ,cloud1 where the championship was held4 ,the team were the guests of the ,racing ,club at a most delightful luncheon and shortly afterward dined as the guests of the ,tennis ,club of ,paris4 ,the finals of the championship of ,france were held during our stay and1 greatly to our surprise1 ,a4 ,h4 ,gobert1 the defending title holder1 fell a victim to his old enemy1 heat1 and went down to defeat before ,samazieuhl4 ,the ,hard ,court championships of the world produced a series of the most sensational upsets in the history of the game1 a series1 ,i might add1 that did much to allow me to win the event4 ,gobert lost to ,nicholas ,mishu in the first round4 ,alonzo1 after defeating ,samazieuhl1 went down to defeat at hands of ,laurentz1 who in turn collapsed to ,tegner4 ,fate pursued the winners1 for ,tegner was eliminated by ,washer1 who came through to the final against me4 ,either ,alonzo or ,laurentz should have been finalists if the unexpected had not occurred1 and either would have been a hard proposition for me particularly in my condition4 ,i had been taken ill on my arrival in ,paris and was still far from well4 ,however1 ,fortune smiled on me and ,i succeeded in defeating ,washer #f-c1 #f-c1 #f-c4 ,meanwhile the long awaited meeting between ,mlle4 ,lenglen and ,mrs4 ,mallory was at hand4 ,mrs4 ,mallory had come through one side of the tournament after a bitter battle with ,mme4 ,billoutt 7,mlle4 ,brocadies7 in the semi final4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen had proceeded in her usual leisurely fashion to the finals with the loss of but two games4 ,what a meeting these two great players1 ,mrs4 ,mallory and ,mlle4 ,lenglen1 had6 ,every seat in the stands sold and every inch of standing room crowded6 ,it was a marvellous match1 both women playing great tennis4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen had consistently better depth and more patience4 ,she out- manoeuvred the ,american champion and won #f-b1 #f-c4 ,the match was far closer than this one-sided score sounds4 ,every rally was long drawn out and bitterly contested1 but the ,french girl had a slight superiority that brought her a well deserved victory4 ,a4 ,h4 ,gobert and ,w4 ,laurentz retained their doubles title after one of the most terrific struggles of their careers in the semi-final round against ,arnold ,jones and me4 ,the boy and ,i had previously put out ,samazieuhl and his partner in three sets and just nosed out the ,spanish ,davis ,cup team1 ,manuel ,alonzo and ,count de ,gomar4 ,the semi final between ,gobert and ,laurentz and the ,americans brought out a capacity audience that literally jumped to its feet and cheered during the sparkling rallies of the five bitterly contesting sets4 ,just as ,gobert drove his terrific service ace past me for the match1 ,laurentz suddenly collapsed and fainted dead away on the court4 ,it was a dramatic end to a sensational match4 ,the scene then shifted to ,england1 where the ,american team journeyed across the ,channel to prepare for the ,grass ,court championship of the world at ,wimbledon4 ,my preparation consisted of a hasty journey to a hospital1 where a minor operation put me to bed until the day ,wimbledon started4 ,the remainder of the team journeyed first to ,beckenham and then to ,roehampton for their first grass court play of the season4 ,mrs4 ,mallory met defeat at the hands of ,mrs4 ,beamish at ,beckenham while the other members fell by the wayside at sundry points4 ,mrs4 ,mallory won ,roehampton1 decisively defeating ,miss ,phillis ,howkins in the final4 ,francis ,t4 ,hunter1 another ,american who joined the team in ,england1 although he was abroad on business1 scored a victory in the men's event at ,roehampton4 ,the world's championship at ,wimbledon was another series of sensational matches and startling upsets4 ,the draw as usual was topheavy1 all the strength in the upper half with ,frank ,hunter and ,b4 ,i4 ,c4 ,norton in the lower4 ,every day saw its feature matches produce the unexpected4 ,shimidzu and ,lycett battled for nearly four hours in a struggle that combined all the virtues and vices of tennis and pugilism4 ,col4 ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote1 after three sensational victories over ,fisher1 ,dixon and ,lowe1 collapsed against ,alonzo and was decisively defeated4 ,shimidzu looked a certain winner against ,alonzo when he led at #b sets to #a and #d-a1 but the ,spaniard rose to great heights and by sensational play pulled out the match in five sets4 ,norton and ,hunter1 after several close calls1 met in the semi final4 ,norton took two sets and led #e-c in the third only to have ,hunter follow in ,alonzo's footsteps and pull out the set and win the next4 ,here ,norton again took command and ran out the match4 ,the ,norton-,alonzo match in the final round was a sensational reversal4 ,the ,spaniard seemed assured of victory when he took two sets and led at #e-c and #cj-;all1 but the last-minute jinx that pursued the tournament fell upon him1 for ,norton came to life and1 playing sensational tennis1 pulled out the match and earned the right to me in the challenge round4 ,then the jinx arose again and this time ,babe ,norton was the victim4 ,such a match as that challenge round produced6 ,i went on the court feeling far from well and very much run down4 ,babe was on the crest but very nervous4 ,he ran away with the first two sets with great ease4 ,the third set ,i improved4 ,babe1 after dropping three games1 decided to let it go4 ,the fourth set found the crowd excited and rather noisy4 ,norton became annoyed because he felt ,i was bothered1 and he blew up4 ,he simply threw away the fourth set from sheer nerves4 ,the fifth set was terrible4 ,norton had come to earth and was playing well while ,i for the first time in the match had some control of the ball4 ,norton finally led at #d-e and #cj-dj on my service1 with the championship one point away4 ,we had a long rally4 ,desperately ,i hit down the line4 ,i was so certain my shot was going out ,i started for the net to shake hands4 ,the ball fell on the line and ,babe in the excitement of the moment put his return out by inches4 ,it was a life and fortunately for me ,i seized my chance and succeeded in pulling out the match and retaining the championship4 ,norton deserved to win1 for nothing but luck saved me as ,i walked to the net1 thinking my shot was out4 ,norton is the youngest man to have won the ,all ,comers ,singles4 ,he is just #ba4 ,the championships had two sad moments4 ,one was the absence of ,j4 ,c4 ,parke1 due to retirement from singles4 ,the other was the retirement of ,a4 ,w4 ,gore1 the famous veteran1 after #cj years a participant in the championships4 ,the women's events found an even more unfortunate draw than the men4 ,all the strength was in one eight4 ,miss ,ryan defeated ,miss ,k4 ,mc,kane in the first round and ,mrs4 ,beamish her old rival in the second4 ,she met ,mrs4 ,mallory in the third4 ,for one set ,mrs4 ,mallory played the finest tennis of her career to that time and in fact equal even to her play against ,suzanne ,lenglen in ,america4 ,she ran off six games in ten minutes4 ,miss ,ryan1 cleverly changing her game1 finally broke up the perfection of ,mrs4 ,mallory's stroking and just nosed her out in the next two sets4 ,it was a well deserved victory4 ,miss ,ryan easily won the tournament and challenged ,mlle4 ,lenglen1 but her old jinx in the form of ,suzanne again proved too much and she played far below her best4 ,the ,french girl easily retained her title1 winning #f-b1 #f-j4 ,the journey of the wandering tennis troupe abroad was far from the most important development of the year4 ,the ,american season was producing remarkable results4 ,every year produces its outstanding figure and the early months of #aiba saw ,vincent ,richards looming large on the tennis horizon4 ,the first sensation of the year was the decisive defeat inflicted on ,kumagae by young ,richards at ,amakassin ,club1 ,new ,york4 ,this was immediately followed by ,kumagae's victory over ,dick ,williams1 avenging ,williams' win at ,palm ,beach some months before4 ,kumagae scored in the intercity match for the ,george ,myers ,church ,trophy played in #aiba in ,philadelphia4 ,the following day ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson defeated ,kumagae in one of the most terrific battle of the year4 ,vincent ,richards went through the season to the middle of ,july without sustaining a defeat4 ,he won five tournaments4 ,i arrived home from ,france and ,england ,july #abth and journeyed at once to ,providence where ,i took charge of the ,rhode ,island ,state ,championship at the ,agawam ,hunt ,club4 ,zenzo ,shimidzu had accompanied me to ,america on the ,olympic and made his first tournament appearance two days after landing at ,greenwich1 ,conn41 before coming to ,providence4 ,he went down to unexpected defeat at the hands of ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell4 ,the ,providence tournament held the greatest entry list of any event except the ,national ,singles itself4 ,the singles had ,shimidzu1 ,williams1 ,richards1 ,c4 ,s4 ,garland1 ,watson ,washburn1 ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell1 ,samuel ,hardy1 ,n4 ,w4 ,niles1 many young ,western collegiate stars and myself4 ,ichiya ,kumagae arrived to play doubles with ,shimidzu in preparation for the ,davis ,cup4 ,then the fun began4 ,shimidzu again fell before the net attack of ,voshell1 who was himself defeated by the calm quiet steadiness of ,washburn4 ,garland went out at my hands4 ,williams faced certain defeat when ,niles led him #d-j in the final set1 but in one of his super-tennis streaks tore through to victory1 only to collapse against ,vincent ,richards and suffer a crushing defeat #f-b1 #f-b in the semi-final4 ,meanwhile ,washburn had dropped by the wayside to me #f-b1 #f-b and young ,richards and ,i took up our annual battle4 ,youth is cruel4 ,the world is cruel4 ,life is hard4 ,i know it1 for ,vinnie1 with care and discretion1 quietly led me along the ,road of the ,has-,beens1 where he deposited me to the tune of #f-a1 #f-b1 #a-f1 #f-j4 ,richards1 with the scalps of ,kumagae1 ,williams1 ,voshell and myself dangling at his belt1 seemed destined for the championship itself4 ,alas1 pride goeth before a fall4 ,the fall came to ,vinnie suddenly4 ,the following week was the ,longwood ,singles4 ,little ,bill ,johnston arrived ,east1 together with the rest of his ,california team1 the day the event started4 ,johnston was the holder of the trophy and was called on to meet the winner of the tournament in the challenge round4 ,the tournament was mainly ,dick ,williams4 ,he defeated ,shimidzu in the final4 ,kumagae was his victim in an earlier round4 ,willis ,e4 ,davis1 second string of the ,california team1 was unexpectedly defeated by ,n4 ,w4 ,niles1 who himself went the long road via ,shimidzu4 ,the little ,japanese star scored another important victory when he defeated ,w4 ,f4 ,johnson4 ,williams met ,johnston in the challenge round with chances bright4 ,somehow ,little ,bill has ,dick's number these days and again decisively defeated him4 ,vincent ,richards wisely rested the week of ,longwood1 preparing for the later events4 ,i was off in the woods at ,camp ,winnipesaukee recuperating from the effects of illness in ,england4 ,newport followed on the heels of ,longwood4 ,newport should be called ,washburn ,week4 ,here the judicial ,watty methodically placed ,johnston and ,williams in the discard on successive days4 ,it was a notable performance4 ,williams took an awful revenge on ,vinnie ,richards when the two met in the third round4 ,it was ,williams' day and he blew the little ,yonkers boy off the court in one of the finest displays of the whole year4 ,shimidzu1 who had again scored a victory over ,wallace ,johnson1 was taken suddenly ill with ptomaine poisoning1 the night before he was to meet ,williams in the semi final1 and compelled to default4 ,it robbed him of a chance to gain revenge for his defeat at ,longwood4 ,washburn played the best tennis of his life1 in defeating ,johnston and ,williams1 which1 coupled with ,richards' crushing defeat1 placed ,washburn on the ,davis ,cup team4 ,a sensational upset occurred in the first round when ,l4 ,b4 ,rice defeated ,w4 ,e4 ,davis4 ,rice has made a great improvement this year and bids fair to go far4 ,seabright1 the next week1 found ,little ,bill ,johnston playing the stellar role4 ,washburn took a week off but ,williams and ,richards were in the competition4 ,johnston crushed ,richards when the two met1 in a display of aggressive tennis so remarkable that the boy was helpless before it4 ,richards was stale and below form1 but even if he had been at his best1 he could not have withstood ,johnston's attack4 ,little ,bill followed this up by sweeping ,williams off the court by another marvellous streak of well nigh perfect tennis4 ,southampton and the ,women's ,national ,championship conflicted the next week4 ,the story of ,mrs4 ,mallory's sensational triumph and successful defense of her title is told elsewhere in this book4 ,southampton1 as always1 proved the goat1 for almost all the leading players took a week's rest before the ,national ,doubles ,championship4 ,the ,english ,davis ,cup team1 ,willis ,e4 ,davis1 ,vincent ,richards and the ,kinsey brothers1 ,bob and ,howard1 were the leading stars4 ,the event narrowed to ,davis and ,richards in the finals with no upsets of a startling nature4 ,davis had had a very poor record all year1 while ,richards boasted of the finest list of victories of the season4 ,on the other hand the boy was over-tennised and stale and it proved his undoing1 for after one set1 which he won easily1 the sting went out of his game and ,davis took the match in four sets4 ,the championships were just ahead4 ,the ,doubles held at ,longwood ,club1 ,boston1 found several teams closely matched4 ,williams and ,washburn1 with the ,rhode ,island ,state and ,newport to their credit1 were the favorites for the title4 ,little ,bill ,johnston and ,w4 ,e4 ,davis and ,bob and ,howard ,kinsey of ,california had both pressed them closely4 ,vincent ,richards and ,i teamed together for the first time since ,n4 ,e4 ,brookes and ,g4 ,l4 ,patterson had won the title from us in #aiai4 ,samuel ,hardy and ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell were a pair of veterans who needed watching4 ,williams and ,washburn had a close call in the third round when ,hardy and ,voshell led #c-a in the fifth set1 but an unfortunate miss of an easy volley by ,hardy and a footfault on game point at #c-d and #cj-dj by ,voshell turned the tide and the favorites were safe4 ,johnston and ,davis had several chances in the semi-final but ,davis was too uncertain and ,bill too anxious and they tossed away the opportunities4 ,vinnie and ,i met the ,kinseys in the semi-final and after chasing their lobs all over the court for hours and smashing until our backs ached1 we finally pulled out three sequence sets4 ,i have seldom seen a team work together more smoothly than the ,kinseys4 ,the final match between ,williams and ,washburn1 ,richards and ,i for two sets was as sensational and closely contested doubles as ever featured a national championship4 ,our slight superiority in returning service gave us just enough margin to pull out the first two sets #ad-ab1 #ab-aj4 ,then ,richards went mad4 ,there is no other way to describe it4 ,every time he got his racquet on a ball it went for a clean placement4 ,i stood around and watched him4 ,almost single-handed this remarkable boy won the last set #f-b4 ,the ,davis ,cup challenge round stretched itself between the ,doubles and ,singles ,championship4 ,there was no work except for us poor hard-working players who were on the team4 ,the rest was a blessing to ,richards1 who needed it badly1 as he was tired and drawn4 ,following the ,american victory in the ,davis ,cup1 the scene shifted to ,philadelphia and the eyes of the tennis world were centered on the ,germantown ,cricket ,club1 where the greatest tournament of all time was to be held4 ,players of seven nations were to compete4 ,the ,davis ,cup stars of ,england1 ,australia and ,japan added their brilliance to that of all the leading ,american players4 ,six ,american champions1 ,w4 ,a4 ,larned1 ,w4 ,j4 ,clothier1 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,r4 ,l4 ,murray1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 and myself were entered4 ,fate took a hand in the draw and for once ,i think did so badly that it settled the blind draw forever4 ,in one sixteen ,johnston1 ,richards1 ,shimidzu1 ,murray and ,i were bunched4 ,the howl of protest from tennis players and public alike was so loud that the blind draw surely will go by the board at the coming annual meeting4 ,since the foregoing was written1 the prophecy has proved true4 ,the annual meeting1 ,feb4 #dth1 #aibb1 adopted the ,seeded ,draw unanimously4 ,every day produced its thrills1 but play ran singularly true to form in most cases4 ,illness took a hand in the game1 compelling the defaults of ,r4 ,l4 ,murray1 ,ichiya ,kumagae and ,w4 ,a4 ,larned4 ,the early rounds saw but one upset4 ,norman ,peach1 ,captain of the ,australasian ,davis ,cup team1 was eliminated by ,william ,w4 ,ingraham1 of ,providence1 one of the best junior players in ,america4 ,it was a splendid victory and shows the fruit our junior development system is already bearing4 ,peach had not been well but for all that he played a splendid game and all credit is due ,ingraham for his victory4 ,the second day's play saw a remarkable match when ,w4 ,e4 ,davis defeated ,c4 ,v4 ,todd of ,australia after the latter led him by two sets4 ,davis steadily improved and by rushing the net succeeded in breaking up ,todd's driving game4 ,todd unfortunately pulled a muscle in his side that seriously hampered him in the fifth set4 ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 playing magnificent tennis1 eliminated ,watson ,washburn in one of the brainiest1 hardest fought matches of the whole tournament4 ,johnson was very steady and outlasted ,washburn in the first set1 which he won4 ,washburn then took to storming the net and carried off two sets decisively4 ,the strain took its toll and he was perceptibly slower when the fourth set opened4 ,johnson ran him from corner to corner1 or tossed high lobs when ,washburn took the net4 ,it proved too much for even ,washburn to stand1 and the ,philadelphian won the next two sets and with it the match4 ,many people considered it a great upset4 ,personally ,i expected it1 as ,i know how dangerous ,johnson may be4 ,the ,johnston-,richards match and my meeting with ,shimidzu came on the third day4 ,fully #ae1jjj people jammed themselves around the court and yelled1 clapped and howled their excitement through the afternoon4 ,it was a splendidly behaved gallery but a very enthusiastic one4 ,richards1 eager to avenge his crushing defeat by ,johnston at ,seabright1 started with a rush4 ,little ,bill was uncertain and rather nervous4 ,richards ran away with the first two sets almost before ,johnston realized what was happening4 ,the tennis ,richards played in these sets was almost unbeatable4 ,johnston nerved himself to his task and held even to #c-;all in the third4 ,here he broke through and ,richards1 ,i think foolishly1 made little attempt to pull out the set4 ,the boy staked all on the fourth set4 ,johnston led at #e-c but ,richards1 playing desperately1 pulled up to #f-e and was within two points of the match at #cj-;all on ,johnston's service4 ,it was his last effort4 ,johnston took the game and ,richards faded away4 ,his strength failed him and the match was ,johnston's4 ,i hit a good streak against ,shimidzu and ran away with three straight sets more or less easily4 ,meantime one of the most sensational upsets of the whole tournament was taking place on an outside court where ,stanley ,w4 ,pearson of ,philadelphia was running the legs off ,n4 ,w4 ,niles of ,boston and beating him in five sets4 ,little ,bill ,johnston and ,i met the next day in what was the deciding match of the tournament1 even though it was only the fourth round4 ,every available inch of space was jammed by an overflow gallery when we took the count4 ,it was a bitter match from the first point4 ,we were both playing well4 ,in the early stages ,little ,bill had a slight edge1 but after one set the balance shifted and ,i held the whip hand to the end4 ,the same day ,dick ,williams went down to sudden and unexpected defeat at the hands of ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson of ,australia in five well played sets4 ,it was a typical ,williams effort1 glorious tennis one minute followed by inexcusable lapses4 ,the ,australian was steady and clever throughout4 ,the keen speculation as to the outcome of the tournament fell off after the meeting of ,johnston and ,i1 and with it a decrease in attendance4 ,this ran very high1 however1 again reaching capacity on the day of the finals4 ,the round before the semi finals saw a terrific struggle between two ,californians1 ,bob ,kinsey and ,willis ,e4 ,davis4 ,kinsey had defeated ,davis in the ,metropolitan ,championship the week before and was expected to repeat1 but ,davis managed to outlast his team and nosed out the match4 ,kinsey collapsed on the court from exhaustion as the last point was played4 ,gordon ,lowe went down to me in a fine match while ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson and ,wallace ,johnson completed the ,quartet of semi finalists1 ,i finally got my revenge on ,davis for the many defeats he had inflicted on me in years gone by4 ,wallace ,johnson scored a magnificent victory over ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson in four sets after the ,australian led at a set all1 #e-b1 and #dj-ae4 ,johnson ran the visiting ,davis ,cup star all over the court and finally pulled out the match in one of the finest displays of court generalship ,i have ever seen4 ,the finals was more or less of a family party4 ,it was an all-,philadelphian affair1 two ,philadelphians competing with #ad1jjj more cheering them on4 ,johnson was unfortunate4 ,saturday the match was started under a dark sky on a soft court that just suited him4 ,i have seldom seen ,johnson play so well2 as always1 his judgment was faultless4 ,we divided games with service with monotonous regularity4 ,the score was #e-;all when it began to drizzle4 ,the court1 soft at best that day1 grew more treacherous and slippery by the minute4 ,johnson's shots hardly left the ground4 ,he broke my service at #g-;all when the rain materially increased4 ,he reached #dj-ae but1 with the crowd moving to shelter and the rain falling harder every minute1 he made the fatal error of hurrying and netted two easy shots for deuce1 ,a moment more and the game was mine and the match called at #h-;all4 ,play was resumed on ,monday before a capacity gallery4 ,by mutual agreement the match was played over from the beginning4 ,i had learned my lesson the previous day and opened with a rush4 ,the hot sun and strong wind had hardened the court and ,johnson's shots rose quite high4 ,it was my day and fortunately for me ,i made the most of it4 ,i consider that match the best tennis of my life4 ,i beat ,johnson #f-a1 #f-c1 #f-a in #de minutes4 ,thus fell the curtain on the official tennis season4 ,the ,east-,west matches in ,chicago proved more or less of an anti-climax4 ,johnston was ill and unable to compete1 while ,wallace ,johnson1 ,williams1 ,washburn and ,shimidzu could not play4 ,several remarkable matches featured the three days' play in the ,windy ,city4 ,the most remarkable was the splendid victory of ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson over me in five sets1 the final one of which hung up a world's record for tournament play by going to #ai-ag4 ,frank ,t4 ,anderson defeated ,robert ,kinsey in five sets1 a splendid performance1 while ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell scored over ,w4 ,e4 ,davis4 ,the ,ranking ,committee faces a hard task on the season's play4 ,let us look at the records of some of the ,american players1 and a few of our visitors4 #a4 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston ,beat ,v4 ,richards #b1 ,williams 7#b71 ,kumagae1 ,shimidzu1 ,roland ,roberts1 ,davis and others4 ,lost to ,washburn1 ,tilden1 ,roberts4 #b4 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams #b;d4 ,beat ,richards1 ,shimidzu1 ,kumagae 7#b71 ,voshell and others4 ,lost to ,johnston 7#b71 ,richards1 ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson1 ,kumagae4 #c4 ,vincent ,richards ,beat ,tilden1 ,richards1 ,kumagae 7#b71 ,shimidzu 7#b71 7in exhibition at ,toronto71 ,voshell1 ,hawkes1 ,lost to ,johnston 7#b71 ,williams1 ,davis4 #d4 ,ishiya ,kumagae ,beat ,williams1 ,voshell1 ,anderson1 ,hawkes4 ,lost to ,johnston1 ,tilden1 ,williams1 ,richards4 #e4 ,zenzo ,shimidzu ,beat ,wallace ,johnson 7#b71 ,anderson1 ,hawkes1 ,niles4 ,lost to ,johnston1 ,tilden 7#b71 ,voshell 7#b74 ,richards 7#b7 7in exhibitions74 #f4 ,wallace ,johnson ,beat ,watson1 ,washburn1 ,anderson4 ,lost to ,tilden1 ,shimidzu 7#b74 #g4 ,watson ,washburn ,beat ,williams1 ,johnston1 ,voshell4 ,lost to ,wallace ,johnson1 ,tilden1 ,atherton ,richards 7a most sensational upset74 #h4 ,j4 ,o4 ,anderson of ,australia ,beat ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,tilden1 ,hawkes1 ,lowe4 ,lost to ,wallace ,johnson1 ,kumagae1 ,shimidzu4 #i4 ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell ,beat ,shimidzu 7#b7 1 ,davis4 ,lost to ,richards1 ,williams1 ,washburn1 ,neer 7an upset71 ,allen ,behr 7a gift74 #aj4 ,w4 ,e4 ,davis ,beat ,richards1 ,r4 ,kinsey1 ,lowe4 ,lost to ,niles1 ,l4 ,b4 ,rice 7an upset71 ,r4 ,kinsey1 ,voshell and ,tilden4 ,these few records show how useless comparative scores may be4 ,if another season like #aiba strikes ,american tennis1 the ranking will need either clairvoyance or a padded cell4 ,these upsets are part of the zest of the game and it is due to the very uncertainty of tennis that the public is daily becoming more enthusiastic about the game4 ,i believe next year will see even a greater interest taken in it than was shown this4 ,second in importance only to the big events themselves was the season in junior tennis4 ,little ,miss ,helen ,wills1 in her first ,eastern season1 won the junior championship for girls and brought to the game one of the most delightful personalities that has appeared in many years4 ,her success at her early age should prove a great boom to girls' tennis all over ,america4 ,vincent ,richards passes from the junior ranks this year but leaves a successor who is worthy to wear his mantle in the person of ,arnold ,w4 ,jones of ,providence4 ,jones should outclass the field in #aibb1 by as wide a margin as did ,richards this year4 ,arnold ,jones has had a remarkable record4 ,he won the boys' championship of ,america in #aiai4 ,in #aibj he carried ,richards to a close match in the ,national junior ,singles1 taking one set4 ,he was ranked two for the year4 ,this year ,arnold had his greatest year of his brief career4 ,he journeyed to ,france and ,england1 as the official junior representative of ,america1 recognized by the ,national ,tennis ,association4 ,he played splendidly in ,france1 defeating ,a4 ,cousin in the hard court championship of the world and forced ,tegner1 the ,danish ,davis ,cup star1 to a close battle before admitting defeat4 ,his sensational play in the doubles was a great aid in carrying him and me to the semi-final ground1 where we lost to ,gobert and ,laurentz after five terrific sets4 ,in ,england young ,jones played ,jacob1 ,captain of the ,indian ,davis ,cup team1 a splendid match4 ,on his return to ,america he carved his niche in the ,hall of ,junior ,tennis fame by defeating ,harold ,godshall of ,california1 ,w4 ,w4 ,ingraham of ,providence and ,morgan ,bernstein of ,new ,york on successive days in the junior championship4 ,he forced ,richards to a bitter fight in final1 and again proved beyond question that he is but a step behind ,richards today1 although he is a full year younger4 ,godshall1 ,ingraham1 ,charles ,wood1 ,jr41 ,bernstein1 ,jerry ,lang1 ,charles ,watson ,,iii1 ,fritz ,mercur and many other boys are but a step behind ,jones4 ,with this list of rising players1 need we face the future with anything but the most supreme confidence in our ability to hold our place in the tennis world6 ,there were two other remarkable features to the tennis season of #aiba1 both of them in ,america4 ,the first was the appearance of the ,davis ,cup team on the court of the ,white ,house1 ,washington1 in response to a personal invitation from ,president and ,mrs4 ,harding4 ,the ,president1 who is a keen sportsman1 placed official approval on tennis by this act4 ,on ,may #hth and #ith1 ,captain ,samuel ,hardy1 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,watson ,washburn and ,i1 together with ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson1 who understudied for ,william ,m4 ,johnston1 met in a series of matches before a brilliant assembly of ,diplomatic1 ,military and ,political personages4 ,c4 ,s4 ,garland was unable to accompany the team owing to illness4 ,julian ,s4 ,myrick1 ,president of the ,u4 ,s4 ,l4 ,t4 ,a41 and ,a4 ,y4 ,leech completed the party4 ,rain1 that hoodoo of tennis1 attempted to ruin the event for it fell steadily for the five days previous to the match4 ,the court was a sea of mud on the morning scheduled1 but the ,president desired play and the word went on to play4 ,mr4 ,leech and ,mr4 ,myrick1 ever ready for emergencies in tennis1 called for gasolene1 which was forthcoming speedily1 and1 while the ,chief ,executive of the ,united ,states interviewed men on the destiny of nations1 the people of ,washington watched nearly #bjj barrels of gasolene flare up over the surface of the court4 ,the desired result was attained and at #b o'clock ,president ,harding personally called play4 ,singles between ,williams and me opened the matches4 ,then ,williams and ,washburn decisively defeated ,johnson and me1 following which ,williams and ,i nosed out ,washburn and ,johnson to close the program4 ,the second outstanding feature was the tour for the benefit of the ,american ,committee for ,devastated ,france4 ,the appearance in ,america of ,mlle4 ,suzanne ,lenglen was due primarily to the efforts of ,miss ,anne ,morgan1 who secured the services of the famous ,french champion for a tour of the ,states1 the proceeds to go to ,devastated ,france4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen's regrettable collapse and forced departure left the ,committee in a serious position4 ,the ,american ,tennis ,association1 which had co- operated with ,miss ,morgan in the ,lenglen tour1 found its clubs eager for a chance to stage matches for ,france but no matches available4 ,finally1 in ,october1 in response to the voluntary offer of several of the leading players1 a team was organized that toured the ,east for the benefit of ,devastated ,france4 ,it included ,mrs4 ,franklin ,i4 ,mallory1 ,american champion1 ,miss ,eleanor ,goss1 ,miss ,leslie ,bancroft1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,f4 ,cole1 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,h4 ,godfrey1 ,vincent ,richards1 ,watson ,washburn1 ,n4 ,w4 ,niles1 ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,w4 ,f4 ,johnson and myself4 ,matches were staged at ,orange1 ,short ,hills1 ,morristown and ,elizabeth1 ,new ,jersey1 ,green ,meadow ,club1 ,jackson ,heights ,club1 ,ardsley-on-the-,hudson1 ,new ,rochelle1 ,yonkers1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,haven1 and ,hartford1 ,connecticut4 ,they proved a tremendous success financially1 and ,france netted a sum in excess of #aj1jjj4 ,,part ,,iv3 ,,some ,,sidelights ,,on ,,famous ,,players ,,introductory ,p4 ,t4 ,,barnum immortalised ,lincoln's language by often quoting him with3 ,you can fool some of the people all of the time1 and all of the people some of the time1 but you can't fool all of the people all of the time4 ,p4 ,t4 was an able judge of the public1 and it is just this inability to fool all of the people all of the time that accounts for the sudden disappearance from the public eye of some one who only fooled all of the people for a little while4 ,that person was a sham1 a bluff1 a gamester4 ,he1 or she1 as the case may be1 had no personality4 ,personality needs no disguise with which to fool the people4 ,it is not hidden in a long-hair eccentric being4 ,that type is merely one of those who are born every minute1 as the saying goes4 ,personality is a dynamic1 compelling force4 ,it is a positive thing that will not be obliterated4 ,personality is a sexless thing4 ,it transcends sex4 ,theodore ,roosevelt was a compelling personality1 and his force and ability were recognized by his friends and enemies alike while the public1 the masses1 adored him without knowing why4 ,sarah ,bernhardt1 ,eleanor ,duse1 and ,mary ,garden carry with them a force far more potent in its appeal to the public than their mere feminine charm4 ,they hold their public by personality4 ,it is not trickery1 but art1 plus this intangible force4 ,the great figures in the tennis world that have held their public in their hands1 all have been men of marked personality4 ,not all great tennis players have personality4 ,few of the many stars of the game can lay claim to it justly4 ,the most powerful personality in the tennis world during my time is ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 with his peculiar sphinx-like repression1 mysterious1 quiet1 and ominous calm4 ,brookes repels many by his peculiar personality4 ,he never was the popular hero that other men1 notably ,m',loughlin and ,wilding1 have been4 ,yet ,brookes always held a gallery enthralled1 not only by the sheer wizardry of his play1 but by the power of his magnetic force4 ,maurice ,e4 ,m',loughlin is the most remarkable example of a wonderful dynamic personality1 literally carrying a public off its feet4 ,america and ,england fell before the dazzling smile and vibrant force of the red-haired ,californian4 ,his whole game glittered in its radiance4 ,his was a triumph of a popular hero4 ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 quiet1 charming1 and magnetic1 carried his public away with him by his dynamic game4 ,it was not the whirlwind flash of the ,comet ,m',loughlin that swept crowds off their feet1 it was more the power of repression that compelled4 ,i know no other tennis players that sweep their public away with them to quite the same degree as these three men ,i have mentioned4 ,r4 ,l4 ,murray has much of ,m',loughlin's fire1 but not the spontaneity that won the hearts of the crowd4 ,tennis needs big personalities to give the public that glow of personal interest that helps to keep the game alive4 ,a great personality is the property of the public4 ,it is the price he must pay for his gift4 ,it is the personal equation1 the star1 who appeals to the public's imagination4 ,i do not think it is the star who keeps the game alive4 ,it is that great class of players who play at clubs the world over1 who can never rise above the dead level of mediocrity1 the mass of tennis enthusiasts who play with dead racquets and old balls1 and who attend all big events to witness the giants of the court1 in short1 ,the ,dubs 7with a capital ,d71 who make tennis what it is1 and to whom tennis owes its life1 since they are its support and out from them have come our champions4 ,champions are not born4 ,they are made4 ,they emerge from a long1 hard school of defeat1 dis- encouragement1 and mediocrity1 not because they are born tennis players1 but because they are endowed with a force that transcends discouragement and cries ,i will succeed4 ,there must be something that carries them up from the mass4 ,it is that something which appeals in some form to the public4 ,the public may like it1 or they may dislike it1 but they recognize it4 ,it may be personality1 dogged determination1 or sheer genius of tennis1 for all three succeed2 but be it what it may1 it brings out a famous player4 ,the quality that turns out a great player1 individualizes his game so that it bears a mark peculiar to himself4 ,i hope to be able to call to mind the outstanding qualities of some of the leading tennis players of the world4 ,where to start1 in a field so great1 representing as it does ,america1 the ,british ,isles1 ,australia1 ,france1 ,japan1 ,south ,africa1 ,rumania1 ,holland1 and ,greece1 is not an easy task2 but it is with a sense of pride and a knowledge that there is no game better fitted to end this section of my book1 and no man more worthy to lead the great players of the world1 that ,i turn to ,william ,m4 ,johnston1 the champion of the ,united ,states of ,america1 and my team-mate in the ,davis ,cup team of #aibj4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,america ,,william ,m4 ,,johnston ,the ,american champion is one of the really great orthodox players in the world4 ,there is nothing eccentric1 nothing freakish about his game4 ,johnston is a small man1 short and light2 but by perfect weight-control1 footwork1 and timing he hits with terrific speed4 ,his service is a slice4 ,hit from the top of his reach ,johnston gets power and twist on the ball with little effort4 ,he has a wonderful forehand drive1 of a top-spin variety4 ,this shot is world famous1 for never in the history of the game has so small a man hit with such terrific speed and accuracy4 ,the racquet travels flat and then over the ball1 with a peculiar wrist-snap just as the ball meets the racquet face4 ,the shot travels deep and fast to the baseline4 ,johnston's backhand is a decided drag or chop4 ,he hits it with the same face of the racquet as his forehand1 and with very little change in grip4 ,it is remarkably steady and accurate1 and allows ,johnston to follow to the net behind it4 ,johnston's volleying is hard1 deep1 and usually very reliable4 ,he crouches behind his racquet and volleys directly in to the flight of the ball1 hitting down4 ,his low volleys are made with a peculiar wrist-flick that gives the rise and speed4 ,his overhead is accurate1 reliable1 but not startling in its power4 ,johnston's game has no real weakness1 while his forehand and volleying are superlative4 ,johnston is a remarkable match player4 ,he reaches his greatest game when behind4 ,he is one of the hardest men to beat in the game owing to his utter lack of fear and the dogged determination with which he hangs on when seemingly beaten4 ,he is quiet1 modest1 and a sterling sportsman4 ,he gets a maximum result with a minimum effort4 ,r4 ,n4 ,,williams ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 ,american ,champion #aiad and #aiaf1 another of my ,davis ,cup team-mates1 is a unique personality in the tennis world4 ,personally1 ,i believe that ,williams at his best is the greatest tennis player in the world1 past or present4 ,unfortunately1 that best is seldom seen1 and then not for a consistent performance4 ,he is always dangerous1 and his range of variation is the greatest among any of the leading players4 ,williams' service is generally a fast slice1 although he at times uses an ,american twist4 ,he is erratic in his delivery1 scoring many aces1 but piling up enormous numbers of double-faults4 ,his ground strokes are made off the rising bound of the ball4 ,they are flat or slightly sliced4 ,never topped1 ,but sometimes pulled4 ,williams' margin of safety is so small that unless his shot is perfectly hit it is useless4 ,he hits hard at all times and makes tremendous numbers of earned points1 yet his errors always exceed them1 except when he strikes one of his super days4 ,his volleying is very hard1 crisp1 and decisive1 coupled with an occasional stop volley4 ,his use of the half volley is unequalled in modern tennis4 ,his overhead is severe and ordinarily reliable1 although he will take serious slumps overhead4 ,he is a past master of his own style strokes1 but it is an unorthodox game that should not be copied by the average player4 ,he is never willing to alter his game for safety's sake1 and defeats himself in sheer defiance by hitting throughout a match when his strokes are not working4 ,he is greatly praised for this unwillingness to alter his game in defeat4 ,personally1 ,i think he deserves condemnation rather than praise1 for it seems recklessness rather than bravery to thus seek defeat that could easily be avoided4 ,williams takes tennis almost too lightly4 ,cheery1 modest1 and easy-going1 he is very popular with all galleries1 as his personality deserves4 ,he is a brilliant ever-interesting light in any tennis gathering1 and his game will always show sheer genius of execution even while rousing irritation by his refusal to play safe4 ,he would rather have one super-great day and bad defeats1 than no bad defeats without his day of greatness4 ,who shall say he is not right8 ,we may not now agree1 but ,williams may yet prove to us he is right and we are wrong4 ,,charles ,s4 ,,garland ,the last member of the ,davis ,cup team and youngest player of the ,americans is ,charles ,s4 ,garland1 the ,yale star4 ,garland is the perfect stylist1 the orthodox model for ground strokes4 ,he is an example of what stroke perfection can do4 ,he uses a soft slice service1 of no particular peculiarity1 yet places it so well that he turns it into an attack4 ,his forehand is hit with a full swing1 flat racquet face1 and a slight top spin4 ,it is deadly accurate and of moderate speed4 ,he can put the ball at will anywhere in the court off his forehand4 ,his backhand is slightly sliced down the line and pulled flat across the court4 ,it is not a point winner but is an excellent defence4 ,his overhead is steady1 reliable1 and accurate1 but lacks aggressiveness4 ,his high volleying is fine1 deep1 and fast4 ,his low volleying is weak and uncertain4 ,he anticipates wonderfully1 and covers a tremendous amount of court4 ,his attack is rather obvious in that he seldom plays the unusual shot1 yet his accuracy is so great that he frequently beats a man who guesses his shot yet can't reach it4 ,n4 ,e4 ,brookes stated he considered ,garland one of the greatest ground-stroke players in the world4 ,this is true of his forehand1 but his backhand lacks punch4 ,his whole game needs speed and aggressiveness4 ,he is quiet1 modest1 and extremely popular4 ,his perfect court manner and pleasant smile have made ,garland a universal favourite in ,america and ,england4 ,his game is the result of hard1 conscientious work4 ,there is no genius about it1 and little natural talent4 ,it is not an interesting game as it lacks brilliancy1 yet it is very sound1 and much better than it looks4 ,,vincent ,,richards ,vincent ,richards1 ,national junior ,champion of ,america and the most remarkable boy playing tennis1 is a distinct personality4 ,richards1 who is now only seventeen1 won the ,men's ,doubles ,championship of ,america at the age of fifteen4 ,richards is a born tennis player and a great tennis genius4 ,richards' service is a fast slice that he follows to the net4 ,it is speedy and very accurate4 ,his ground strokes are both slice and drive1 although the basis of his game is slice4 ,he meets the ball on the rise and spoons it off his forehand4 ,it is low1 fast1 but none too sure4 ,his backhand shot is a fast twisting slice that is remarkably effective and very excellent as a defence4 ,he is learning a flat drive4 ,his volleying is the great feature of his game4 ,he is the greatest natural volleyer ,i have ever seen4 ,low and high volleying1 fore- and backhand is perfect in execution4 ,his half volleying is phenomenal4 ,his overhead is very severe for a boy1 and carries great speed for so small a person1 but it is inclined to be slightly erratic4 ,he is tremendously fast on his feet1 but it inclined to be lazy4 ,vincent ,richards has the greatest natural aptitude and equipment of any tennis player ,i have ever seen4 ,against it he has a temperament that is inclined to carelessness and laziness4 ,he tends to sulkiness1 which he is rapidly outgrowing4 ,he is a delightful personality on the court1 with his slight figure1 tremendous speed1 and merry smile4 ,he is a second ,gus ,touchard in looks and style4 ,i hope to see him develop to be the greatest player the world has ever seen4 ,he gives that promise4 ,the matter rests in ,richards' hands1 as his worst enemy is his temperament4 ,at his best he is to-day the equal of the top flight in the world4 ,at his worst he is a child4 ,his average is fine but not great4 ,travel1 work1 sincere effort1 and a few years1 should turn this astonishing boy into a marvellous player4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,murray ,the new ,california ,comet1 successor to ,m4 ,e4 ,m',loughlin1 is the usual sobriquet for ,r4 ,l4 ,murray1 now of ,buffalo4 ,murray won the ,national ,crown in #aiag-aiah4 ,his service is of the same cyclonic character as ,m',loughlin4 ,murray is left-handed4 ,he hits a fast cannon-ball delivery of great speed and an ,american twist of extreme twist4 ,his ground strokes are not good1 and he rushes the net at every opportunity4 ,his forehand drive is very fast1 excessively topped1 and exceedingly erratic4 ,his backhand is a poke4 ,his footwork is very poor on both shots4 ,he volleys very well1 shooting deep to the baseline and very accurately4 ,his shoulder-high volleys are marvellous4 ,his overhead is remarkable for its severity and accuracy4 ,he seldom misses an overhead ball4 ,murray is a terrifically hard worker1 and tires himself out very rapidly by prodigious effort4 ,he is a hard fighter and a hard man to beat4 ,he works at an enormous pace throughout the match4 ,he is large1 spare1 rangy1 with dynamic energy1 and a wonderful personality that holds the gallery4 ,his smile is famous1 while his sense of humour never deserts him4 ,a sportsman to his finger-tips1 there is no more popular figure in ,american tennis than ,murray4 ,his is not a great game4 ,it is a case of a great athlete making a second-class game first class1 by sheer power of personality and fighting ability4 ,he is really a second ,m',loughlin in his game1 his speed1 and his personal charm4 ,,watson ,,washburn ,in contrast to ,murray1 ,watson ,washburn plays a cool1 never-hurried1 never-flurried game that is unique in ,american tennis4 ,there is little that is noteworthy of ,washburn's game4 ,his service is a well-placed slice4 ,his ground strokes are a peculiar wrist-slap1 almost a slice4 ,his volleying fair1 his overhead steady but not remarkable4 ,just a good game1 well rounded but not unique4 ,why is4 ,washburn great8 ,because1 behind the big round glasses that are the main feature of ,washburn on the tennis court1 is a brain of the first water1 directing and developing that all-round game4 ,there is no more brilliant student of men in games than ,washburn1 and his persistence of attack is second only to ,brookes'4 ,washburn1 too1 is a popular player1 but not in the same sense as ,murray4 ,murray appeals to the imagination of the crowd1 ,washburn to its academic instincts4 ,washburn is a strategist1 working out his match with mathematical exactness1 and always checking up his men as he goes along4 ,there is no tennis player whose psychology ,i admire more than ,washburn's4 ,he is never beaten until the last point is played1 and he is always dangerous1 no matter how great a lead you hold over him4 ,another case of the second-class game being made first class1 but this time it is done by mental brilliancy4 ,,wallace ,f4 ,,johnson ,here is another case of a second-class game being used in a first-class manner1 getting first-class results through the direction of a first-class tennis brain4 ,johnson is not the brilliant1 analytical mind of ,washburn1 but for pure tennis genius ,johnson ranks nearly the equal of ,brookes4 ,johnson is a one-stroke player4 ,he uses a peculiar slice shot hit from the wrist4 ,he uses it in service1 ground strokes1 volleying1 and lobbing4 ,it is a true one-stroke game1 yet by sheer audacity of enterprise and wonderful speed of foot ,wallace ,johnson has for years been one of the leading players of ,america4 ,,samuel ,,hardy ,the overwhelming success of the ,american ,davis ,cup team in #aibj1 when we brought back the cup from ,australia was due in no small measure to the wonderful generalship displayed by one man1 our ,captain ,samuel ,hardy4 ,the hardest part of any such trip is the attention to training1 relaxation and accommodations for the team and only perfect judgment can give the comfort so needed by a team4 ,it is to ,captain ,hardy that the team owes its perfect condition throughout the entire #c1jjj miles we journeyed after the cup4 ,yet ,captain ,hardy's success was far bigger than that1 for by his tact1 charming personality and splendid sportsmanship at all times he won a place for us in the hearts of every country we visited4 ,hardy1 although a non-playing member of the team1 is a great tennis player4 ,he is one of the best doubles players ,america has produced4 ,his clever generalship and wonderful knowledge of the game proved of inestimable value to the team in laying out our plan of attack in the ,davis ,cup matches themselves4 ,clever1 charming1 just and always full of the most delightful humour1 ,hardy was an ideal ,captain who kept his team in the best of spirits no matter how badly we might have been playing or how depressing appeared our outlook4 ,,carl ,,fischer ,i am including in my analysis of players a boy who is just gaining recognition but who ,i believe is to be one of the great stars of the future1 ,carl ,fischer of ,philadelphia4 ,young ,fischer1 who is only #ai1 is a brilliant1 hard hitting left-hander4 ,he has already won the ,eastern ,pennsylvania ,championship1 been runner-up to ,wallace ,johnson in the ,pennsylvania ,state1 ,philadelphia ,championship and ,middle ,states event1 besides holding the junior ,championship of ,pennsylvania for two years4 ,he won the ,university of ,pennsylvania ,championship in his freshman year4 ,his service is a flat delivery of good speed1 at times1 verging on the ,american twist4 ,his ground game carries top spin drives forehand and backhand4 ,his volleying and overhead are severe and powerful but prone to be erratic4 ,fischer is an all court player of the most modern type4 ,he is aggressive1 almost too much so at times as he wastes a great deal of energy by useless rushing4 ,he needs steadiness and a willingness to await his opening but gives promise of rounding into a first class player1 as his stroke equipment is second to none4 ,,marshall ,,allen ,far out in the ,pacific ,northwest in ,seattle1 ,washington1 is a young player who bids fair to some day be world famous4 ,it is quite possible he may never arrive at all4 ,marshall ,allen is a typical ,western player4 ,allen has a hurricane service that is none too reliable4 ,his forehand drive is reminiscent of ,mc,loughlin4 ,it is a furious murderous attack when it goes in and quite useless when it is off4 ,allen's backhand is a flat drive played to either side with equal ease4 ,at present it is erratic but shows great promise4 ,allen volleys at times brilliantly1 but is uncertain and at times misses unaccountably4 ,his overhead is remarkably brilliant and severe1 but also erratic4 ,he reaches great heights and sinks to awful depths4 ,if ,marshall ,allen consolidates his game and refines the material he has at hand he should be a marvellous player4 ,if he allows his love of speed to run away with his judgment at the expense of accuracy and steadiness he will never rise above the second class4 ,time will tell the story4 ,i look to see him world famous4 ,,our ,,rising ,,juniors ,for a moment ,i am going to pay tribute to some boys who ,i look to see among the stars of the future4 ,they are all juniors less than eighteen at the time of writing4 ,first in importance comes ,arnold ,w4 ,jones1 of ,providence1 ,r4 ,i41 who accompanied me to ,france and ,england in #aiba1 where he made a fine record4 ,young ,jones has a splendid all-court game1 with a remarkable forehand drive but a tendency to weariness in his backhand and service4 ,his volleying is excellent4 ,his overhead erratic4 ,second to ,jones ,i place ,charles ,watson ,,iii of ,philadelphia4 ,here is a boy with a most remarkable resemblance to ,chuck ,garland in style of his game4 ,watson has a fine service1 beautiful ground strokes fore and backhand and a more aggressive volley than ,garland4 ,his overhead lacks punch4 ,he is the cleverest court general among the juniors4 ,phillip ,bettens of ,san ,francisco is a possible successor to ,billy ,johnston4 ,bettens has a terrific forehand drive and a rushing net attack4 ,he needs to steady up his game1 but he is a player of great promise4 ,armand ,marion of ,seattle1 ,washington1 is another boy with a finely rounded game who1 given experience and seasoning1 bids fair to become a great star4 ,marion does not have enough punch yet and1 needs to gain decisiveness of attack4 ,charles ,wood of ,new ,york1 ,w4 ,w4 ,ingraham of ,providence1 ,milo ,miller and ,eric ,wood of ,philadelphia1 ,john ,howard of ,baltimore1 and others are of equal class and of nearly equal promise to the boys ,i have mentioned4 ,in the younger class of boys those under #ae1 one finds many youngsters already forming real style4 ,the boy who shows the greatest promise and today the best all-round game1 equalling in potential power even ,vincent ,richards at the same age1 is ,alexander ,l4 7,sandy7 ,wiener of ,philadelphia4 ,at fourteen young ,weiner is a stylist of the highest all-court type4 ,among the other boys who may well develop into stars in the future are ,meredith ,w4 ,jones1 ,arthur ,ingraham1 ,jr41 ,andrew ,clarke ,ingraham1 ,miles ,valentine1 ,raymond ,owen1 ,richard ,chase1 ,neil ,sullivan1 ,henry ,neer1 and ,edward ,murphy4 ,there are many other great players ,i would like to analyse1 but space forbids4 ,among our leaders are ,roland ,roberts1 ,john ,strachan1 ,c4 ,j4 ,griffin1 ,davis1 and ,robert ,kinsey in ,california2 ,walter ,t4 ,hayes1 ,ralph ,burdock1 and ,heath ,byford in the ,middle ,west2 ,howard ,voshell1 ,harold ,throckmorton1 ,conrad ,b4 ,doyle1 ,craig ,biddle1 ,richard ,harte1 ,colket ,caner1 ,nathaniel ,w4 ,niles1 ,h4 ,c4 ,johnson1 ,dean ,mathey1 and many others of equal fame in the ,east4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,british ,,isles ,j4 ,c4 ,,parke ,there is no name in tennis history of the past decade more famous than that of ,j4 ,c4 ,parke4 ,in twelve months1 during #aiab and #aiac1 he defeated ,brookes1 ,wilding1 and ,m',loughlin--a notable record2 and now in #aibj1 after his wonderful work in the ,world ,war1 he returns to tennis and scores a decisive victory over ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston4 ,parke is essentially a baseline player4 ,his service is soft1 flat1 but well placed4 ,his ground strokes are hit with an almost flat racquet face and a peculiar short swing4 ,he uses a pronounced snap of the wrist4 ,he slices his straight backhand shot1 but pulls his drive 'cross court4 ,it is ,parke's famous running drive down the line that is the outstanding feature of his game4 ,parke was a ten-second hundred-yard man in college1 and still retains his remarkable speed of foot4 ,he hits his drive while running at top speed and translates his weight to the ball4 ,it shoots low and fast down the line4 ,it is a marvellous stroke4 ,parke's volleying is steady and well placed but not decisive4 ,his overhead is reliable and accurate1 but lacks punch4 ,the great factor of ,parke's game is his uncanny ability to produce his greatest game under the greatest stress4 ,i consider him one of the finest match players in the world4 ,his tactical knowledge and brainy attack are all the more dangerous1 because he has phenomenal power of defence and fighting qualities of the highest order4 ,there is no finer sportsman in tennis than ,parke4 ,generous1 quiet1 and modest1 ,parke is deservedly a popular figure with the tennis world4 ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,kingscote ,the most recent star to reach the heights of fame in ,english tennis is ,major ,a4 ,r4 ,f4 ,kingscote4 ,kingscote has played good tennis for some years2 but it was only in #aiai1 following his excellent work in the ,war1 that he showed his true worth4 ,he defeated ,gobert in sequence sets in the ,davis ,cup tie at ,deauville1 and followed by defeating ,anderson in ,australia and carrying ,patterson to a hard match4 ,since then he has steadily improved and this season found him the leading figure of the ,british team4 ,kingscote played much of his early tennis with ,r4 ,n4 ,williams in ,switzerland during #aiaj and #aiaa4 ,the effect of this training is easily seen on his game to-day for1 without ,williams' dash and extreme brilliancy1 their strokes are executed in very much the same style4 ,kingscote's service is a fast slice1 well placed and cleverly disguised4 ,it carries a great deal of pace and twist4 ,his ground strokes are hit off the rising bound of the ball1 with a flat raquet face or a slight slice4 ,his wonderful speed of foot offsets his lack of height1 and he hits either side with equal facility4 ,there are no gaps in ,kingscote's game4 ,it is perfectly rounded4 ,his favourite forehand shot is 'cross court1 yet he can hit equally well down the line4 ,his backhand is steady1 very accurate and deceptive1 but rather lacks speed4 ,his volleying is remarkable for his court covering and angles1 but is not the decisive win of ,williams or ,johnston4 ,he is the best volleyer in the ,british ,isles4 ,his overhead is reliable and accurate for so short a man1 but at times is prone to lack speed4 ,kingscote is a sound tactician without the strategic brilliance of ,parke4 ,he is a fine match player and dogged fighter4 ,witness his #e-set battle with me in the ,championships1 after being match point down in the fourth set1 and his #e-set struggle with ,johnston in the ,davis ,cup4 ,it is a slight lack of decisiveness all round that keeps ,kingscote just a shade below the first flight4 ,he is a very fine player1 who may easily become a top-notch man4 ,his pleasant1 modest manner and generous sportsmanship make him an ideal opponent1 and endear him to the gallery4 ,h4 ,,roper ,,barrett ,one of the real tennis tacticians1 a man who is to-day a veteran of many a notable encounter1 yet still dangerous at all times1 is ,h4 ,roper ,barrett4 ,a member of every ,davis ,cup team since the matches were inaugurated1 a doubles player of the highest strategy1 ,roper ,barrett needs no introduction or analysis4 ,his1 game is soft4 ,his service looks a joke4 ,in reality it is hard to hit1 for ,barrett pushes it to the most unexpected places4 ,his ground strokes1 soft1 short1 and low1 are ideal doubles shots4 ,he angles off the ball with a short shove in the direction4 ,he can drive hard when pressed1 but prefers to use the slow poke4 ,his volleying is the acme of finesse4 ,he angles soft to the side-lines1 stop volleys the hardest drives successfully4 ,he picks openings with an unerring eye4 ,his overhead lacks punch1 but is steady and reliable4 ,barrett is a clever mixer of shots4 ,he is playing the unexpected shot to the unexpected place4 ,his sense of anticipation is remarkable1 and he retrieves the most unusual shots4 ,it is his great tennis tactics that make him noteworthy4 ,his game is round but not wonderful4 ,,the ,,lowes1 ,a4 ,h4 ,,and ,f4 ,g4 ,the famous brothers1 called indiscriminately the ,lowes1 are two of the best baseline players in the ,british ,isles4 ,both men play almost identical styles1 and at a distance are very hard to tell apart4 ,gordon ,lowe uses a slice service1 while ,arthur serves with a reverse spin4 ,neither man has a dangerous delivery4 ,both are adequate and hard to win earned points from4 ,the ground strokes of the ,lowes are very orthodox4 ,full swing1 top spin drives fore- and backhand1 straight or 'cross court1 are hit with equal facility4 ,the ,lowes volley defensively and only come in to the let when pulled in by a short shot4 ,their overhead work is average4 ,their games are not startling4 ,there is nothing to require much comment4 ,both men are excellent tennis players of the true ,english school3 fine base- line drivers1 but subject to defeat by any aggressive volleyer4 ,it is a lack of aggressiveness that holds both men down1 for they are excellent court coverers1 fine racquet wielders1 but do not rise to real heights4 ,the ,lowes could easily defeat any player who was slightly off his game1 as they are very steady and make few mistakes4 ,neither would defeat a first- class player at his best4 ,t4 ,m4 ,,mavrogordato ,one of the most consistent winners in ,english tennis for a span of years is a little man with a big name1 who is universally and popularly known as ,mavro4 ,mavro added another notable victory in #aibj1 when he defeated ,r4 ,n4 ,williams in the last eight in the ,world ,championships4 ,mavro has always been a fine player1 but he has never quite scaled the top flight4 ,his game is steadiness personified4 ,he shoves his service in the court at the end of a prodigious swing that ends in a poke4 ,it goes where he wishes it4 ,his ground strokes are fine1 in splendid form1 very accurate and remarkably fast for so little effort4 ,mavro is not large enough to hit hard1 but owing to his remarkable footwork he covers a very large territory in a remarkably short space of time4 ,his racquet work is a delight to a student of orthodox form4 ,his volleying is accurate1 steady1 well placed but defensive4 ,he has no speed or punch to his volley4 ,his overhead is steady to the point of being unique4 ,he is so small that it seems as if anyone could lob over his head1 but his speed of foot is so great that he invariably gets his racquet on it and puts it back deep4 ,mavro turns1 defence into attack by putting the ball back in play so often that his opponent gets tired hitting it and takes unnecessary chances4 ,his accuracy is so great that it makes up for his lack of speed4 ,his judgment is sound but not brilliant4 ,he is a hard-working1 conscientious player who deserves1 his success4 ,there are many other players who are interesting studies4 ,the two ,australians1 now living in ,england1 and to all intents and purposes ,englishmen1 ,randolph ,lycett and ,f4 ,m4 ,b4 ,fisher1 are distinct and interesting types of players4 ,c4 ,p4 ,dixon1 ,stanley ,doust1 ,m4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ritchie1 ,max ,woosnam1 the rising young star1 ,p4 ,m4 ,davson1 ,a4 ,e4 ,beamish1 ,w4 ,c4 ,crawley1 and scores of other excellent players1 will carry the burden of ,english tennis successfully for some years4 ,yet new blood must be found to infuse energy into the game4 ,speed is a necessity in ,english tennis if the modern game is to reach its greatest height in the ,british ,isles4 ,youth must be seen soon1 if the game in the next ten years is to be kept at its present level4 ,parke1 ,mavro1 ,ritchie1 ,dixon1 ,barrett1 etc41 cannot go on for ever1 and young players must be developed to take their places4 ,the coming decade is the crucial period of ,english tennis4 ,i hope and believe it will be successfully passed4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,france ,,and ,,japan ,france ,,andre ,,gobert ,one of the most picturesque figures and delightfully polished tennis games in the world are joined in that volatile1 temperamental player1 ,andre ,gobert of ,france4 ,he is a typically ,french product1 full of finesse1 art1 and nerve1 surrounded by the romance of a wonderful war record of his people in which he bore a magnificent part1 yet unstable1 erratic1 and uncertain4 ,at his best he is invincible4 ,he is the great master of tennis4 ,at his worst he is mediocre4 ,gobert is at once a delight and a disappointment to a student of tennis4 ,gobert's service is marvellous4 ,it is one of the great deliveries of the world4 ,his great height 7he is #f feet #d inches7 and tremendous reach enable him to hit a flat delivery at frightful speed1 and still stand an excellent chance of it going in court4 ,he uses very little twist1 so the pace is remarkably fast4 ,yet ,gobert lacks confidence in his service4 ,if his opponent handles it successfully ,gobert is apt to slow it up and hit it soft1 thus throwing away one of the greatest assets4 ,his ground strokes are hit in beautiful form4 ,gobert is the exponent of the most perfect form in the world to-day4 ,his swing is the acme of beauty4 ,the whole stroke is perfection4 ,he hits with a flat1 slightly topped drive1 feet in excellent position1 and weight well controlled4 ,it is uniform1 backhand and forehand4 ,his volleying is astonishing4 ,he can volley hard or soft1 deep or short1 straight or angled with equal ease1 while his tremendous reach makes him nearly impossible to pass at the net4 ,his overhead is deadly1 fast1 and accurate1 and he kills a lob from anywhere in the court4 ,why is not ,gobert the greatest tennis player in the world8 ,personally ,i believe it is lack of confidence1 a lack of fighting ability when the breaks are against him1 and defeat may be his due4 ,it is a peculiar thing in ,gobert1 for no man is braver than he1 as his heroism during the ,war proved4 ,it is simply lack of tennis confidence4 ,it is an over- abundance of temperament4 ,in victory ,gobert is invincible1 in defeat he is apt to be almost mediocre4 ,gobert is delightful personally4 ,his quick wit and sense of humour always please the tennis public4 ,his courteous manner and genial sportsmanship make him universally popular4 ,his stroke equipment is unsurpassed in the tennis world4 ,i unqualifiedly state that ,i consider him the most perfect tennis player1 as regards strokes and footwork1 in the world to-day2 but he is1 not the greatest player4 ,victory is the criterion of a match player1 and ,gobert has not proved himself a great victor4 ,gobert is probably the finest indoor player in the world1 while he is very great on hard courts2 but his grass play is not the equal of many others4 ,i heartily recommend ,gobert's style to all students of the game1 and endorse him as a model for strokes4 ,w4 ,,laurentz ,another brilliant1 erratic and intensely interesting figure that ,france has given the tennis world is ,laurentz1 the wonderful young player1 who1 at the age of seventeen defeated ,a4 ,f4 ,wilding4 ,laurentz is a cyclonic hitter of remarkable speed and brilliance1 but prone to very severe lapses4 ,his service is of several varieties1 all well played4 ,he uses an ,american twist as his regular delivery1 but varies it with a sharp slice1 a reverse twist of great spin1 and a fast cannon-ball smash4 ,laurentz is very versatile4 ,he has excellent orthodox drives1 fore- and backhand1 and a competent forehand chop4 ,his volleying is brilliant almost beyond description1 but very erratic4 ,he is very fast on his feet1 and anticipates remarkably well4 ,he will make the most hair-raising volleys1 only to fall down inexplicably the next moment on an easy shot4 ,his overhead is like his volley1 severe1 brilliant1 but uncertain4 ,laurentz is a very hard worker1 and1 unlike ,gobert1 is always at his best when behind4 ,he is a fair fighter and a great match player4 ,his defeats are due more to over-anxiety than to lack of fight4 ,he is temperamental1 sensational1 and brilliant1 a sportsman of the highest type1 quick to recognize his opponent's good work and to give full credit for it4 ,he is one of the most interesting players now before the public4 ,he is a clever court general but not a great tennis thinker1 playing more by instinct than by a really deep-laid plan of campaign4 ,laurentz might beat anyone in the world on his day or lose to the veriest dub when at his worst4#a #a ,it was with deepest regret the news of his death reached us1 as this edition went to press4 ,j4 ,,samazieuhl ,the ,new ,french ,champion of #aiba who defeated ,andre ,gobert most unexpectedly in the challenge round1 is an interesting player of the mental type4 ,he is anything but ,french in his game4 ,his style is rather that of the crafty ,american or ,english player than the hard-hitting ,frenchman4 ,samazieuhl is an exponent of crafty patball4 ,his service is a medium pace slice1 well placed but not decisive4 ,his ground strokes are a peculiar stiff arm chop varied at times with an equally cramped drive1 yet his extreme mobility allows him to cover a tremendous amount of court1 while his return1 which is well disguised1 is capable of great angles4 ,his volleying is reliable but lacks severity and punch4 ,he makes excellent low volleys1 but cannot put away shoulder high balls while his overhead is not deadly4 ,it is ,samazieuhl's clever generalship and his ability to recover seemingly impossible shots that win matches for him4 ,he is a comparatively new tournament player1 and should improve greatly as he gains confidence and experience4 ,r4 ,,danet ,one of the most interesting young players in ,france is ,r4 ,danet1 who has come to the fore in the past few years4 ,this boy1 for he is little more1 has a hard hitting brilliant game of great promise4 ,his service is a speedy slice4 ,he drives with great speed1 if as yet with none too much accuracy1 off both fore and backhand4 ,his net attack is very severe while overhead he is deadly4 ,his speed of foot is remarkable1 and he is a very hard worker4 ,his limitations are in his lack of a set plan of attack and the steady adherence to any given method of play4 ,he throws away too many easy chances1 but this will correct itself as time goes on and ,danet has fought through more tournaments4 ,i consider him a player of great promise4 ,max ,decugis and ,brugnon1 the two remaining members of the #aibj ,davis ,cup team of ,france1 present totally different types4 ,decugis1 crafty1 cool1 and experienced1 is the veteran of many long seasons of match play4 ,he is a master tactician1 and wins most of his matches by outgeneralling the other player4 ,burgnon is brilliant1 flashy1 hard hitting1 erratic1 and inexperienced4 ,he is very young1 hardly twenty years of age4 ,he has a fine fore-hitting style and excellent net attack1 but lacks confidence and a certain knowledge of tennis fundamentals4 ,a few years' experience will do wonders for him4 ,the ,french style of play commends itself to me very highly4 ,i enjoy watching the well-executed strokes1 beautiful mobile footwork of these dashing players4 ,it is more a lack of dogged determination to win1 than in any stroke fault that one finds the reason for ,french defeats4 ,the temperamental genius of this great people carries with it a lack of stability that can be the only explanation for the sudden crushing and unexpected defeats their representatives receive on the tennis courts4 ,i was particularly impressed during my visit to ,france by the large numbers of children playing tennis and the style of game displayed4 ,the sport shows a healthy increase and should produce some fine players within the next ten years4 ,keen competition is the corrective measure for temperamental instability and with the advent of many new players in ,french tennis ,i would not be surprised to see a marked decrease of unexpected defeats of their leading players4 ,japan ,a new element has entered the tennis world in the last decade4 ,the ,orient has thrust its shadow over the courts in the persons of a small group of remarkable tennis players1 particularly ,ichija ,kumagae and ,zenzo ,shimidzu1 the famous ,japanese stars4 ,kumagae1 who for some years reigned supreme in ,japan and ,honolulu1 has lived in ,america for the past three years4 ,shimidzu is a product of ,calcutta1 where he has lived for some years4 ,no player has caused more discussion than ,kumagae1 unless it is ,shimidzu2 while surely no man received more critical comment than ,shimidzu1 except ,kumagae4 ,the press of ,america and ,england have vied with each other in exploiting these two men4 ,there was unanimity of opinion concerning these two men in one respect4 ,no finer sportsmen nor more delightful opponents can be found than these ,japanese4 ,they have won the respect and friendship of all who have met them4 ,kumagae is the speedier tennis player4 ,he came to ,america in #aiaf1 the possessor of a wonderful forehand drive and nothing else4 ,kumagae is left- handed1 which made his peculiar shots all the harder to handle4 ,he met with fair success during the year2 his crowning triumph was his defeat of ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston at ,newport in five sets4 ,he lost to ,j4 ,j4 ,armstrong1 ,watson ,m4 ,washburn1 and ,george ,m4 ,church4 ,he learned much during his year in ,america1 and returned to ,japan a wiser man1 with a firm determination to add to his tennis equipment4 ,in #aiag ,kumagae returned to ,america to enter business in ,new ,york4 ,once established there he began developing his game4 ,first he learned an ,american twist service and then strengthened his backhand4 ,that year he suffered defeat at the hands of ,walter ,t4 ,hayes and myself4 ,he was steadily improving4 ,he now started coming to the net and learning to volley4 ,he is not yet a good low volleyer1 and never will be while he uses the peculiar grip common to his people2 but his high volleying and overhead are now excellent4 ,last year ,kumagae reached his top form and was ranked third in ,america4 ,his defeats were by ,johnston1 ,vincent ,richards1 and myself2 while he defeated ,murray1 ,s4 ,h4 ,voshell1 ,vincent ,richards1 and me1 as well as countless players of less note4 ,the season of #aibj found ,kumagae sweeping all before him1 since ,johnston1 ,williams1 ,garland1 and ,i were away on the ,davis ,cup trip4 ,williams barely defeated him in a bitter match1 just previously to sailing4 ,kumagae left ,america in the middle of the summer to compete in the ,olympic games1 representing ,japan4 ,kumagae is still essentially a baseline player of marvellous accuracy of shot and speed of foot4 ,his drive is a lethal weapon that spreads destruction among his opponents4 ,his backhand is a severe poke1 none too accurate1 but very deadly when it goes in4 ,his service overhead and high volley are all severe and reliable4 ,his low volley is the weak spot in an otherwise great game4 ,kumagae cannot handle a chop1 and dislikes grass-court play1 as the ball bounds too low for his peculiar loop drive4 ,he is one of the greatest hard-court players in the world1 and one of the most dangerous opponents at any time on any surface4 ,shimidzu is to-day as dangerous as ,kumagae4 ,he1 too1 is a baseline player1 but lacks ,kumagae's terrific forehand drive4 ,shimidzu has a superior backhand to ,kumagae1 but his weak service rather offsets this4 ,his low volleying is far superior to ,kumagae1 while his high volleying and overhead are quite his equal4 ,he has all the fighting qualities in his game that make ,kumagae so dangerous1 but he has not had the experience4 ,shimidzu learns very quickly1 and ,i look to see him a great factor in the game in future years4 ,both ,shimidzu and ,kumagae are marvellous court coverers1 and seem absolutely untiring4 ,they are getters of almost unbelievable activity1 and accurate to a point that seems uncanny4 ,both men hit to the lines with a certainty that makes it very dangerous to attempt to take the net on anything except a deep forcing shot that hurries them4 ,with such players as ,kumagae and ,shimidzu1 followed by ,s4 ,kashio and ,k4 ,yamasaki1 and the late ,h4 ,mikami1 ,japan is a big factor in future tennis4 #aibb will again see ,japan challenging for the ,davis ,cup1 and none but a first-class team can stop them4 ,the advent of a ,japanese team with such players will mean that this year we must call out our best to repel the ,oriental invasion3 so competition receives another stimulus that should raise our standard of play4 ,the probability of journeying to ,japan to challenge for the ,davis ,cup is not so remote but that we must consider it as a future possibility4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,spain ,,and ,,the ,,continent ,spain ,a new factor entered the arena of world tennis in #aiba in the appearance of a ,spanish ,davis ,cup team4 ,among their number is a star who bids fair to become one of the greatest players the world has ever seen4 ,a scintillating personality1 brilliant versatile game1 and fighting temperament placed this young unknown in the first rank in one year of competition4 ,,manuel ,,alonzo ,seldom have ,i seen such wonderful natural abilities as are found in this young ,spaniard4 ,here is a player par excellence if he develops as he gives promise4 ,alonzo is young1 about #be1 slight1 attractive in personality and court manners1 quick to the point of almost miraculous court covering4 ,he is a great attraction at any tournament4 ,his service is a fairly fast ,american twist4 ,it is not remarkable but is at least more severe than the average continental delivery4 ,alonzo has a terrific forehand drive that is the closest rival to ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston's of any shot ,i have seen4 ,he is reliable on this stroke1 either straight or cross-court from the deep court but if drawn in to mid-court is apt to miss it4 ,his backhand is a flat drive1 accurate and low but rather slow and in the main defensive4 ,his volleying is at once a joy and a disappointment4 ,such marvellous angles and stop volleys off difficult drives6 ,yet immediately on top of a dazzling display ,alonzo will throw away the easiest sort of a high volley by a pitiable fluke4 ,his overhead is at once severe1 deadly and reliable4 ,he smashes with speed and direction4 ,it is not only in his varied stroke equipment that ,alonzo is great but in his marvellous footwork4 ,such speed of foot and lightning turning ,i have never before seen on a tennis court4 ,he is a quicker man than ,norman ,e4 ,brookes and higher praise ,i cannot give4 ,i look to see ,alonzo1 who today loses matches through lack of resource1 become by virtue of experience and tournament play the greatest player on the continent4 ,his brother1 ,j4 ,m4 ,alonzo1 although nowhere in ,manuel's class1 is a fine all court player as are ,count de ,gomar and ,flaquer1 the remaining members of the ,cup team4 ,if ,alonzo and his teammates are an indication of the type of players ,spain is developing a new and powerful factor in the tennis world is entering the field to stay4 ,some ,other ,champions ,there are some individual players of interest from the countries where tennis as a game has not reached a place worthy of national analysation but who deserve mention among the great players of the world4 ,first among them comes ,nicholas ,mishu of ,rumania4 ,n4 ,,mishu ,what can ,i say of ,mishu8 ,as a tennis player he defies analysis4 ,his game is a freak4 ,he adores to do the unusual and his game abounds in freak shots that ,mishu executes with remarkable skill4 ,he has many and varied services1 underhand cuts1 fore and backhand1 a push off his nose1 and even one serve where he turns his back on the court and serves the ball back over his head4 ,his drives are cramped in swing and hit with excessive top spin4 ,his footwork is a defiance of all rules4 ,his volleying game looks like an accident1 yet ,mishu produces results4 ,in #aiba he beat ,a4 ,h4 ,gobert in the ,world's ,hard ,court ,championship at ,st4 ,cloud4 ,mishu is a winner4 ,i don't know how he does it but he does4 ,he is above all a unique personality4 ,cheery1 individual1 at times eccentric1 ,mishu is a popular figure in tournaments abroad4 ,he plays with a verve and abandon that appeals to the ,european galleries while his droll humour and good nature make him a delightful opponent4 ,j4 ,,washer ,belgium is represented by ,j4 ,washer1 my opponent in the final round of the ,hard ,court ,championship of the ,world in #aiba4 ,washer is a fine orthodox tennis player4 ,his service is a well placed twist delivery of medium pace4 ,he has a terrific forehand drive that gains in effectiveness owing to the fact he is a left-hander4 ,like so many players with a pronounced strength1 he covers up an equally pronounced weakness by using the strength4 ,washer has a very feeble backhand for so fine a player4 ,he pokes his backhand when he is unable to run around it4 ,his overhead is strong1 speedy and reliable4 ,his volleying lacks punch and steadiness4 ,he has had little tournament experience and shows promise of great improvement if given the opportunity4 ,e4 ,,tegner ,denmark is represented by a player of promise and skill in the person of ,e4 ,tegner4 ,this young star defeated ,w4 ,h4 ,laurentz at ,st4 ,cloud in the ,hard ,court ,championship of the ,world in #aiba when the latter was holder of the title4 ,tegner is a baseline player of fine style4 ,his strokes are long free drives of fine pace and depth4 ,his service is hardly adequate for first flight tennis1 yet while his ground game cannot make up for the lack of aggression in his net attack4 ,tegner is not of championship quality at the moment but his youth allows him plenty of time to acquire that tournament experience needed to fill in the gaps in his game4 ,he is a cool1 clever court general and should develop rapidly within the next few years4 ,h4 ,l4 ,,de ,,morpurgo ,the ,italian champion1 ,h4 ,l4 de ,morpurgo1 is a product of his own country and ,england where he attended college4 ,he is a big1 rangy man of great strength4 ,he uses a terrific service of great speed but little control on his first ball and an exaggerated ,american twist on the second of such extreme contortion that even his great frame wears down under it4 ,his ground game is of flat drives that lack sufficient pace and accuracy to allow him to reap the full benefit of his really excellent net attack4 ,his volleying is very good owing to his great reach4 ,his overhead1 like his service1 is hard but erratic4 ,unfortunately he is slow on his feet and thus loses much of the advantage of his large reach4 ,he seems to lack confidence in his game but that should come with more experience4 ,a4 ,,zerlendi ,tennis in ,greece4 ,no6 not in ancient times but in modern1 for that little country has a remarkable little baseline star1 by name ,a4 ,zerlendi4 ,this man is a baseliner of the most pronounced type4 ,he gets everything he can put his racquet to4 ,he reminds me irresistibly of ,mavrogordato1 seemingly reaching nothing yet they all come back4 ,i cannot adequately analyse his game because his first principle is to put back the ball no matter how1 and this he carries into excellent effect4 ,zerlendi is a match winner first and a stylist second4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,the ,,colonies ,australasia ,the death of that sterling sportsman1 ,anthony ,f4 ,wilding1 and the natural decline in the playing powers of ,norman ,e4 ,brookes1 owing to the advance of years and his war experiences1 leave ,australasia 7,australia and ,new ,zealand7 in a somewhat uncertain condition regarding its tennis prospects4 ,,norman ,e4 ,,brookes ,volumes have been written about ,n4 ,e4 ,brookes and his tennis genius1 but ,i would not feel right if ,i could not pay at least a slight tribute to the greatest tennis player and genius of all time4 ,there is no need to dwell on ,brookes' shots1 his marvellous mechanical perfection1 his peculiar volleying style1 his uncanny anticipation4 ,all these are too well known to need my feeble description4 ,they are but the expression of that wonderful brain and dominant personality that lie behind that sphinx- like face we know as ,brookes'4 ,to see across the net those ever-restless1 ever-moving eyes1 picking the openings in my never too- well guarded court1 and know that against me is pitted the greatest tennis1 brain of the century1 is to call upon me to produce my best4 ,that is what my match with ,brookes meant to me1 and still does to-day4 ,brookes should be an inspiration to every tennis player1 for he has proved the power of mind over matter in tennis3 ,age cannot wither nor custom stale his infinite variety4 ,brookes is the most eminently just man on a tennis court ,i have ever met1 for no excitement or emotion clouds his eyesight or judgment in decisions4 ,he cannot abide bad decisions1 yet he hates them quite as much when they favour him as when they are against him4 ,i admit frankly ,i am a great admirer of ,brookes1 personally and from every tennis sense4 ,he is a master that ,i as a student of the game feel proud to study under4 ,,gerald ,,patterson ,australia's leading player1 ,gerald ,patterson1 is one of the most remarkable combinations of tennis virtues and tennis faults1 ,i have ever seen4 ,patterson has a wonderful service4 ,he has speed1 direction1 control1 and all kinds of twist4 ,he hits his service consistently hard and puts it in4 ,his overhead is the most remarkable in the game4 ,he can kill from any place in the court4 ,his1 shot is clean1 with little effort1 yet carries terrific speed4 ,his volleying above the net is almost faultless on his forehand4 ,he has an excellent forehand drive that is very severe and consistent1 but his backhand 4 4 4 ,where in all the rest of tennis history was there a first-class man with a backhand so fundamentally wrong8 ,his grip is bad1 he pulls up on the ball and loops it high in the air4 ,i do not mean ,patterson always misses his backhand4 ,he does not4 ,he even makes remarkable shots off it at times1 but1 if ,patterson is pressed1 his backhand is the first portion of his game to crack1 because it is hit inherently wrong4 ,patterson relies mainly on speed to win matches4 ,he is not a strategist1 and finesse is not part of his tennis equipment4 ,he has a magnificent physique1 and relies largely on his1 strength to carry him through a long match and win in the end4 ,he is very quiet1 and inclined to be somewhat careless on the court1 unless pressed1 when his businesslike1 determined play shows what a great match player ,patterson can become4 ,he produces his best game at the crucial moment of the match4 ,patterson is a superior match player to his real tennis ability4 ,his is not truly a top-notch game4 ,it has superlative features1 but its whole texture is not of the finest4 ,patterson owes much of his success in #aiai to ,brookes1 under whose guidance he played4 ,the absence of the master mind directing his attack proved a decided handicap in #aibj1 and ,patterson's attack was not so certain nor sustained as in the previous season4 ,patterson's game plus ,brookes' strategy would be a great combination in one man4 ,,pat ,o',,hara ,,wood ,this young ,australian is one of the greatest doubles players in the world and bids fair to press the leading singles stars close4 ,pat ,o',hara ,wood is a player without a weakness1 yet also one without a strength4 ,he is a typical all court player with no outstanding feature to his game unless it be his volleying4 ,pat ,wood has a natural aptitude for doubles which at times seriously interferes with his singles game4 ,his service is a well placed speedy slice that he mixes up well4 ,it is not a great delivery but very effective4 ,his ground strokes1 taken on the rising bounces1 are flat drives1 accurate and varied as to direction but lacking punch4 ,he does not hit hard enough4 ,he is a brilliant volleyer1 cutting off at sharp angles the hardest drives4 ,his overhead is erratic4 ,at times he is deadly overhead but is prone to lapses into uncertainty4 ,he is remarkably quick and speedy of foot4 ,his sense of anticipation is magnificent4 ,his generalship good1 though not brilliant4 ,it is lack of punch1 the inability to put the ball away1 that keeps ,pat ,o',hara ,wood from the first flight in singles4 ,clever1 blessed with a keen sense of humour1 a sterling sportsman and delightful opponent1 ,pat ,o',hara ,wood is a big asset to tennis and a man who is needed in the game4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,hawkes ,the youngest of the ,australasian players and a boy of great promise is ,jack ,hawkes4 ,he is only #bb and young in the game for his age4 ,let me state now ,i do not approve of ,hawkes' style4 ,his footwork is wrong1 hopelessly wrong and ,i fear that unless he corrects it1 it may keep him from attaining the place his natural abilities promise4 ,austral1 the famous critic1 describes him as having the genius of the game4 ,jack ,hawkes has an exaggerated ,american twist service that1 since he is a left-hander1 places an unnecessary strain on his heart muscles4 ,it carries terrific twist but little speed and does not ,pay him for the amount of energy he expends4 ,his forehand drive is excellent1 fast1 deep1 and well placed1 yet in making this he steps away from the ball1 again wasting energy4 ,his backhand is a poke and very unreliable4 ,to save it he runs around everything possible1 again causing unnecessary exertion4 ,his volleying is brilliant while his overhead is magnificent4 ,hawkes' waste of energy has cost him many a match1 yet for all the inherent defects in his game he is so clever in using what he has1 his tactics are so good for so young a player that ,i believe he will be one of the leading players of the world in a few years4 ,under the watchful eyes of ,norman ,brookes ,i foresee ,hawkes changing his footwork to at least a reasonable copy of the old master4 ,j4 ,o4 ,,anderson ,this young player is again a promise rather than a star4 ,he is a big1 rangy1 hard-hitting type like ,gerald ,patterson4 ,he is crude1 at times careless and unfortunately handicapped in #aibj and #aiba by a severe illness that only allowed him to resume play in the middle of the latter year4 ,his ground strokes are flat drives fore and backhand4 ,his forehand is a particularly fine shot4 ,he hits it with a short sharp snap of his arm that imparts great speed and yet hides the direction4 ,his backhand is defensive4 ,his volleying clever1 accurate but soft4 ,his overhand severe and reliable4 ,his service flat1 fast and dangerous4 ,he needs finesse1 experience and season1 with which he may well become one of the greatest players as the fundamental potentialities are there4 ,,norman ,,peach ,the steady baseline game of ,england has its exponent in ,australia in ,norman ,peach4 ,he has a beautiful driving game1 with adequate but not severe service1 that one finds so much in ,england4 ,at times ,peach will advance to the net but his volleying and overhead are secondary to his baseline game4 ,he is not a great tennis player but is certainly one of high standard of play4 ,he is just below the first flight in ,australia4 ,r4 ,v4 ,thomas is one of the finest doubles players in the world as is amply attested by his win of the world's title in #aiai with ,pat ,o',hara ,wood and their two successive wins of the ,australian ,championship in #aiai-bj4 ,thomas with his hard-hitting off the ground1 and his brilliant volleying is a fine foil for ,pat ,wood's steady accuracy4 ,just a word about one veteran1 a good friend of mine1 who is again playing fine tennis1 ,rodney ,l4 ,heath1 hero of the famous ,davis ,cup match in #aiaa when he defeated ,w4 ,a4 ,larned1 is again in the game4 ,heath with his long beautiful groundstrokes1 forehand1 or backhand1 his incisive crisp volleys and fine1 generalship based on young experience1 is a notable figure in the tennis world4 ,the mantle of ,wilding and ,brookes must fall on the shoulders of a really great player4 ,who it will be is hard to say at present4 ,no outstanding figure looms on the horizon at the time of writing4 ,south ,africa ,the #aibj ,south ,african ,davis ,cup team players1 following their disastrous defeat by ,holland1 journeyed to ,england for the ,championship and following tournaments1 and ,i had the opportunity of studying three players of great promise4 ,the remaining two were excellent1 but hardly as exceptional as the former4 ,charles ,winslow1 the leading player in the team1 has a remarkable versatile game4 ,he uses a high1 bounding service of good speed1 which at times he follows to the net4 ,his best ground stroke is a severe chop1 not unlike ,wallace ,f4 ,johnson4 ,he has a good drive both forehand and backhand1 which he only uses when pressed or in attempting to pass a net man4 ,he volleys very well1 and covers the net quickly4 ,his overhead is very severe1 steady1 and reliable4 ,he is a fine natural player just below the top flight4 ,he is an excellent strategist1 and mixes his shots very well4 ,he has exceptionally fast footwork1 and repeatedly runs around his backhand to chop diagonally across the court in a manner very similar to ,johnson4 ,b4 ,i4 ,c4 ,norton1 the ,south ,african champion1 a youngster of twenty1 is a phenomenal player of extreme brilliancy4 ,he has everything in stroke equipment1 drives1 slices1 volleys1 and a fine service and overhead4 ,unfortunately ,norton regards his tennis largely as a joke4 ,his judgment is therefore faulty1 and he is apt to loaf on the court4 ,he tries the most impossible shots that sometimes go in2 and in the main1 his court generalship is none too good4 ,he is an irrepressible boy1 and his merry smile and chatter make him a tremendous favourite with the gallery4 ,he has a very strong personality that should carry him a long way4 ,louis ,raymond1 the left-handed star of the ,south ,africans1 has an excellent ground game coupled with a good service and fair volleying and overhead4 ,his game is not remarkable4 ,he is a hard-working1 deserving player who attains success by industry rather than natural talent4 ,his judgment is sound and methods of play orthodox1 except for a tendency to run around his backhand4 ,c4 ,r4 ,blackbeard1 the youngest member of the team1 and ,g4 ,h4 ,dodd1 its captain1 are both very excellent players of the second flight4 ,blackbeard is very young1 not yet twenty1 and may develop into a star4 ,at present he chops too much1 and is very erratic4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,there are many other players whom ,i would analyse if ,i had the time or space2 but in these days of paper shortage and ink scarcity1 conservation is the keynote of the times4 ,let me turn for a few moments to the women whose fame in the tennis world is the equal of the men ,i have been analysing4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,famous ,,women ,,players ,women's ,tennis ,the great boom that featured the whole tennis season of #aiba in ,america found one of its most remarkable manifestations in the increased amount of play1 higher standard of competition and remarkable growth of public interest in women's tennis4 ,england has led1 and still leads1 the world in women's tennis4 ,the general standard of play is on a higher scale and there is more tournament play in ,england than elsewhere4 ,france1 with ,mlle4 ,suzanne ,lenglen1 ,mme4 ,billout 7,mlle4 ,brocadies7 and ,mme4 ,golding1 forces ,england closely for ,european supremacy1 but until recent years ,america1 except for individuals1 has been unable to reach the standard of women's tennis found abroad4 ,miss ,may ,sutton1 now ,mrs4 ,thomas ,h4 ,bundy1 placed ,american colours in the field by her wonderful performances in winning the ,world's ,championship at ,wimbledon more than a decade ago1 but after her retirement ,america was forced to content itself with local honors4 ,neither ,miss ,mary ,browne nor ,miss ,hazel ,hotchkiss1 now ,mrs4 ,george ,wightman1 followed ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy in her ,european invasion1 so the relative ability of our champions and ,mrs4 ,lambert-,chambers of ,england or ,mlle4 ,brocadies of ,france could not be judged4 ,mrs4 ,molla ,bjurstedt ,mallory followed ,miss ,browne as the outstanding figure in ,american tennis when the wonderful ,norsewoman took the championship in #aiae4 ,miss ,browne1 then holder of the title1 did not compete1 so their relative ability could not be decided4 ,throughout the period from #aijj to #aiai the woman's championship event had been held annually in ,june4 ,the result was that the blue ribbon event was over so early in the season that the incentive for play during ,july and ,august died a natural death4 ,finally in #aibj1 at the request of the ,women's ,committee1 particularly on the advice of ,mrs4 ,george ,wightman1 the national champion1 and ,miss ,florence ,ballin of ,new ,york1 under whose able guidance the entire schedule was drawn up1 the ,united ,states ,lawn ,tennis ,association moved the ,women's ,championship to ,september4 ,miss ,ballin1 following the successful system used in the men's events1 organized a schedule that paralleled the big fixtures on the men's schedule and placed in operation a circuit1 as it is called1 that provided for tournaments weekly from ,may to ,september4 ,miss ,ballin1 together with ,mrs4 ,wightman1 organised junior tournaments for girls under #ah1 along the lines used for the boys' events4 ,the response was immediate4 ,entry lists1 which in the old days were in the teens1 jumped to the thirties or forties1 in the regular events4 ,young girls who1 up to now1 had not played tournaments1 fearing they lacked the necessary class1 rushed to play in the ,junior girls' events4 ,from this latter class came such a promising young star of today as ,miss ,martha ,bayard1 who bids fair to be national champion at some not distant date4 ,it was a tremendous task of organization that ,miss ,ballin and her assistants undertook1 but they did it in a most efficient manner4 ,mrs4 ,molla ,bjurstedt ,mallory lent her invaluable assistance by playing in as many tournaments as possible4 ,she was a magnet that drew the other players in her wake with an irresistible force4 #aibj saw ,mrs4 ,mallory's first invasion of ,europe since her ,american triumphs4 ,misfortune was her portion4 ,she was ill before sailing and1 never at her best on shipboard1 a bad voyage completed the wreck of her condition4 ,she had little time for practice in ,england and it was a player far below her best who went down to crushing de feat at the hands of ,mrs4 ,lambert-,chambers in the semi- final round of the ,world's ,championship at ,wimbledon4 ,defeated but not discouraged1 ,mrs4 ,mallory returned to ,america and1 again reaching her true form1 won the championship with ease4 ,she made up her mind the day of her defeat in ,england that #aiba would again find her on ,european courts4 ,the season of #aiba in ,america opened in a blaze of tournaments throughout the entire country4 ,mrs4 ,mallory showed early in the year she was at her best by winning the ,indoor ,championship of the ,united ,states from one of the most representative fields ever gathered together for this event4 ,early ,may found ,mrs4 ,mallory on the seas bound for ,france and ,england4 ,the story of her magnificent1 if losing1 struggle in both countries is told elsewhere in this book1 but she sailed for home recognised abroad as one of the great players of the world1 a thing which many of the foreign critics had not acknowledged the previous year4 ,the trip of the ,american team to ,france1 and particularly the presence of ,mrs4 ,mallory1 coupled with the efforts of the ,committee for ,devastated ,france1 finally induced ,mile4 ,suzanne ,lenglen1 the famous ,french ,world's ,champion1 to consent to come to ,america4 ,the announcement of her decision started a boom in the game that has been unequalled4 ,out in ,california1 ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy and ,miss ,mary ,kendall ,browne1 our former champions1 heard the challenge and1 laying aside the duties of everyday life1 buckled on the armour of the courts and journeyed ,east to do battle with the ,french wonder girl4 ,mrs4 ,mallory1 filled with a desire to avenge her defeat in ,france1 sailed for home in time to play in the ,american championship4 ,what a marvelous tournament this proved to be6 ,in very truth it was a ,world's ,championship4 ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy1 former world's champion1 back again after fifteen years with all her old charm of manner1 much of her speed of shot and foot1 and even more cunning and experience2 ,miss ,mary ,k4 ,browne1 brilliant1 fascinating1 clever ,mary1 with all her old-time personality and game that three times had carried her to the highest honors in ,american tennis2 ,mrs4 ,mallory1 keen1 determined and resourceful1 defending the title she had held so long and well2 the young players1 rising in the game1 struggling to attain the heights1 and finally looming over all the figure of the famous ,french champion of champions1 ,suzanne ,lenglen1 considered by many competent critics the greatest woman tennis player of all time4 ,the stage was set for the sensational1 and for once it occurred4 ,the ,god of ,luck took a hand in the blind draw and this resulted in all the stars1 with the exception of ,miss ,mary ,browne1 falling in one half4 ,mile4 ,suzanne ,lenglen was drawn against ,miss ,eleanor ,goss1 while ,mrs4 ,mallory met ,mrs4 ,marion ,zinderstein ,jessop1 her famous rival1 in the first round1 with the winners of these matches to play each other in the second4 ,unfortunately illness prevented ,mile4 ,lenglen from sailing at her appointed time4 ,she arrived in ,america but one day before the tournament was to start4 ,the officials of the ,united ,states ,lawn ,tennis ,association wisely granted ,mile4 ,lenglen another day's grace by holding her match with ,miss ,goss until ,tuesday4 ,mrs4 ,mallory1 playing brilliantly1 crushed ,mrs4 ,jessop on ,monday4 ,then came the deluge6 ,miss ,goss1 taken suddenly ill1 was forced to default to ,mlle4 ,lenglen on ,tuesday and ,mrs4 ,mallory was called upon to meet the great ,french player in ,mlle4 ,lenglen's first ,american appearance4 ,there is no question but what it was a terribly hard position for ,mlle4 ,lenglen4 ,mrs4 ,mallory was physically and mentally on the crest4 ,she had lived for this chance ever since ,mlle4 ,lenglen had defeated her at ,st4 ,cloud in ,june4 ,now it was hers and she determined to make the most of it4 ,the two women stepped on the court together4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen was obviously and naturally nervous4 ,mrs4 ,mallory was quietly1 grimly confident4 ,her whole attitude said ,i won't be beaten4 ,every one of the #aj1jjj1 spectators felt it and joined with her in her determination4 ,it was an electric current between the gallery and the player4 ,i felt it and am sure that ,mlle4 ,lenglen must have done so too4 ,it could not fail to impress her4 ,the match opened with ,mrs4 ,mallory serving4 ,from the first ball1 the ,american champion was supreme4 ,such tennis ,i have never seen and ,i verily believe it will never be seen again4 ,the ,french girl was playing well4 ,she was as good as when she defeated ,mrs4 ,mallory in ,france or ,miss ,ryan in ,england1 but this time she was playing a super-woman who would not miss4 ,one cannot wonder her nerves1 naturally overwrought1 broke under the strain4 ,mrs4 ,mallory1 in an exhibition of faultless1 flawless tennis1 ran through the first set #f-b4 ,it was at this point ,mlle4 ,lenglen made her mistake4 ,she had trouble getting her breath and was obviously feeling the strain of her tremendous exertions4 ,she defaulted the match6 ,mrs4 ,mallory walked from the court conqueror1 clearly the superior of the much vaunted world's champion4 ,it is regrettable ,mlle4 ,lenglen defaulted1 for if she had played out the match1 everyone would have made full allowance for her defeat1 due1 it would be said1 to natural reaction from her recent sea journey4 ,no one would have been quicker to make allowance for ,mlle4 ,lenglen than ,mrs4 ,mallory herself4 ,the whole tennis public deeply regretted an incident that might well have been avoided4 ,mrs4 ,mallory was the woman of the hour4 ,she marched on to victory and successfully defended her title by virtue of victories over ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy in the semi-final and ,miss ,mary ,browne in the final4 ,marvellous ,molla6 ,world's ,champion in #aiba beyond shadow of dispute6 ,it is deplorable that the quite natural reaction and nervous upset1 coupled with a return of her bronchial illness1 forced ,mlle4 ,lenglen to return to ,france before she was able to play her exhibition tour for the ,committee for ,devastated ,france4 ,possibly #aibb will find conditions more favorable and the ,gods of ,fate will smile on the return of ,mlle4 ,lenglen to ,america4 ,,mrs4 ,,franklin ,i4 ,,mallory 7,molla ,bjurstedt7 ,one of the most remarkable personalities in the tennis world is ,mrs4 ,molla ,bjurstedt ,mallory1 the ,american ,champion and actually ,champion of the ,world1 #aiba4 ,mrs4 ,mallory is a ,norsewoman by birth4 ,she came to ,america in #aiae4 ,in #aiai she married ,franklin ,i4 ,mallory1 and thus became an ,american citizen4 ,it is a remarkable game which ,mrs4 ,mallory has developed4 ,she has no service of real value4 ,her overhead is nil1 her volleying is mediocre2 but her marvellous forehand and backhand drives1 coupled with the wonderful court-covering ability and fighting spirit that have made her world-famous1 allow her to rise above the inherent weaknesses of those portions of her game and defeat in one season all the greatest players in the world1 including ,mlle4 ,suzanne ,lenglen4 ,mrs4 ,mallory1 with delightful smile1 never failing sportsmanship and generosity in victory or defeat1 is one of the most popular figures in tennis4 ,,mrs4 ,,thomas ,c4 ,,bundy 7,may ,sutton7 ,it is said they never come back1 but ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy has proved that at least one great athlete is an exception to the saying4 ,fifteen years ago1 ,may ,sutton ruled supreme among the women tennis stars of the world4 ,in #aiba ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy1 mother of four children1 after a retirement of over a ,i decade1 returned to the game when ,mlle4 ,lenglen announced her intention of invading ,america4 ,if ,mlle4 ,lenglen's visit to our shores did nothing more than bring ,mrs4 ,bundy and ,miss ,browne back to us1 it was well worth while4 ,mrs4 ,bundy in #aiba was still a great player4 ,she has a peculiar reverse twist service1 a wonderful forehand drive1 but with excessive top spin1 a queer backhand poke1 a fine volley and a reliable overhead4 ,much of her old aggressiveness and speed of foot are still hers4 ,she retains all of her famous fighting spirit and determination1 while she is even more charming and delightful than of old4 ,she is a remarkable woman1 who stands for all that is best in the game4 ,,mary ,,kendall ,,browne ,the return of another former ,national ,champion in #aiba in the person of ,mary ,k4 ,browne1 who held the title in #aiab1 '#ac and '#ad1 brought us again a popular idol4 ,the tennis public has missed ,miss ,browne since #aiad and her return was in the nature of a personal triumph4 ,mary ,browne has the best produced tennis game of any ,american woman4 ,it is almost if not quite the equal in stroke technique of ,suzanne ,lenglen4 ,she has a fast flat service4 ,her ground strokes are clean1 flat drives forehand and backhand4 ,she volleys exactly like ,billy ,johnston4 ,no praise can be higher4 ,her overhead is decisive but erratic4 ,she couples this beautiful game with a remarkable tennis head and a wonderful fighting spirit4 ,miss ,browne is a trig and trim little figure on the court as she glides over its surface4 ,it is no wonder that her public love her4 ,,mrs4 ,,george ,,wightman 7,hazel ,hotchkiss7 ,the woman to whom ,american tennis owes its greatest debt in development is ,hazel ,hotchkiss ,wightman1 ,national ,champion #aiji1 '#aj1 '#aa and #aiai4 ,mrs4 ,wightman has practically retired from singles play4 ,her decision cost the game a wonderful player4 ,she has a well placed slice service1 a ground game that is essentially a chop fore- and backhand1 although at times she drives off her forehand4 ,she volleys remarkably4 ,she is the equal of ,mary ,browne in this department1 while her overhead is the best of any woman in the game4 ,hazel ,wightman is as clever a court general and tactician1 man or woman1 as ,i have ever known4 ,she has forgotten more tennis than most of us ever learn4 ,she is the ,norman ,brookes of woman's tennis4 ,it is not only in her game that ,mrs4 ,wightman has stood for the best in tennis1 but she has given freely of her time and ability to aid young players in the game4 ,she made ,marion ,zinderstein ,jessop the fine player she is4 ,mrs4 ,wrightman is always willing to offer sound advice to any player who desires it4 ,mrs4 ,wightman and ,miss ,florence ,ballin are the prime factors in the new organization of woman's tennis that has resulted in the great growth of the game in the past two years4 ,,mrs4 ,,jessop 7,marion ,zinderstein7 ,there is no player in tennis of greater promise than ,marion ,zinderstein ,jessop4 ,she has youth1 a wonderful game1 the result of a sound foundation given her by ,hazel ,wightman1 and a remarkable amount of experience for so young a girl4 ,she has a beautiful fast service1 but erratic4 ,her ground- game is perfectly balanced1 as she chops or drives from either side with equal facility4 ,she volleys with great severity and certainty4 ,her overhead is possibly her weakest point4 ,she lacks the confidence that her game really deserves4 ,,helen ,,wills ,the most remarkable figure that has appeared on the horizon of woman's tennis since ,suzanne ,lenglen first flashed into the public eye1 is little ,helen ,wills of ,california1 ,junior ,champion of #aiba4 ,she is only fifteen4 ,stocky1 almost ungainly1 owing to poor footwork1 her hair in pigtails down her back1 she is a quaint little person who instantly walks into hearts of the gallery4 ,the tennis this child plays is phenomenal4 ,she serves with the power and accuracy of a boy4 ,she drives and chops forehand and backhand with reckless abandon4 ,she rushes to the net and kills in a way that is reminiscent of ,maurice ,mc,loughlin4 ,suddenly she dubs the easiest sort of a shot and grins a happy grin4 ,there is no doubt she is already a great player4 ,she should become much greater4 ,she is a miniature ,hazel ,wightman in her game4 ,above all1 she is that remarkable combination1 an unspoiled child and a personality4 ,there are many other players of real promise coming to the front4 ,boston boasts of a group that contains ,mrs4 ,benjamin ,e4 ,cole 7,anne ,sheafe7 who has made a great record in the season of #aiba2 ,miss ,edith ,sigourney1 who accompanied ,mrs4 ,mallory abroad1 ,miss ,leslie ,bancroft and ,mrs4 ,godfree4 ,there are ,miss ,martha ,bayard1 ,miss ,helen ,gilleandean1 ,mrs4 ,helene ,pollak ,folk1 ,miss ,molly ,thayer1 ,miss ,phyllis ,walsh and ,miss ,anne ,townsend in ,new ,york and ,philadelphia4 ,france ,,mlle4 ,,suzanne ,,lenglen ,there is no more unique personality1 nor more remarkable player among the women than ,mademoiselle ,suzanne ,lenglen1 the famous ,french girl who holds the ,world's ,championship title4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen is a remarkable figure in the sporting world4 ,she has personality1 individuality1 and magnetism that hold the public interest4 ,she is the biggest drawing card in the tennis world4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen's fame rests on her drive4 ,strange though it may seem1 her drive is the least interesting part of her game4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen uses a severe overhead service of good speed4 ,it is a remarkable service for a woman1 one which many men might do well to copy4 ,her famous forehand drive is a full arm swing from the shoulder4 ,it meets the ball just as ,mlle4 ,lenglen springs in the air4 ,the result is pictorially unique1 but not good tennis4 ,she loses speed and power by this freak4 ,her backhand is beautifully played1 from perfect footwork1 with a free swing and topped drive4 ,it is a remarkable stroke4 ,her volleying is perfect in execution and result4 ,she hits her overhead smash freely with a punch that is as great as many men4 ,it is as fine an overhead as that of ,mrs4 ,george ,wightman1 the ,american ,champion4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen's speed of foot is marvellous4 ,she runs fast and easily4 ,she delights in acrobatic jumps1 many of them unnecessary1 at all times during her play4 ,she is a wonderful gallery player1 and wins the popularity that her dashing style deserves4 ,she is a brilliant court general1 conducting her attack with a keen eye on both the court and the gallery4 ,mlle4 ,lenglen is not outstanding among the women players of the world1 in my opinion4 ,she is probably the best stroke player in the world to-day1 yet ,mrs4 ,lambert ,chambers1 ,mrs4 ,george ,wightman1 ,miss ,elizabeth ,ryan1 ,mrs4 ,franklin ,l4 ,mallory 7formerly ,miss ,molla ,bjurstedt71 ,miss ,mary ,browne1 and ,mrs4 ,may ,sutton ,bundy are all in her class in match play4 ,there is no woman playing tennis that has the powerful personality of ,mlle4 ,lenglen4 ,her acrobatic style and grace on the court form an appeal no gallery can resist4 ,her very mannerisms fool people into considering her far greater than she really is1 even though she is a wonderful player4 ,,mme4 ,,billoutt 7,mlle4 ,brocadies7 ,second only to ,suzanne ,lenglen in ,france is ,mme4 ,billoutt1 formerly ,mlle4 ,brocadies1 once the idol of the ,paris tennis public4 ,this remarkable player has as perfectly developed a game as ,i have seen4 ,her actual stroking is the equal of ,mlle4 ,lenglen4 ,her strokes are all orthodox1 flat racquet ones4 ,her ground game is based wholly on the drive1 fore- or backhand4 ,she has grown rather heavier in the last few years and consequently slowed up1 but she is still one of the great players of the world4 ,england ,in marked contrast to the eccentricities of ,mlle4 ,lenglen one finds the delightfully polished style of ,mrs4 ,lambert ,chambers4 ,mrs4 ,chambers has a purely orthodox game of careful execution that any student of the game should recognize as the highest form of tennis strokes4 ,mrs4 ,chambers serves an overhead delivery of no particular movement4 ,she slices or spoons her ground strokes1 forehand or backhand4 ,she seldom volleys or smashes4 ,her only excursions to the net are when she is drawn to the net4 ,it is not ,mrs4 ,chambers' game itself so much as what she does with it1 that ,i commend so highly4 ,her change of pace and distance is wonderfully controlled4 ,her accuracy marvellous4 ,her judgment is remarkable1 and the way in which she saves undue exertion is an art in itself4 ,she gets a wonderful return for her outlay of effort4 ,hers is a personality of negation4 ,her manner on the court is negative1 her shots alone are positive4 ,she is never flustered1 and rarely shows emotion4 ,mrs4 ,chambers is the ,mavro of women as regards her recovering ability4 ,her errors are reduced to a minimum at all times4 ,to err is human2 but at times there is something very nearly inhuman about ,mrs4 ,chambers' tennis4 ,,elizabeth ,,ryan ,the ,english-,american star ,elizabeth ,ryan is another player of marked individuality4 ,born in ,california1 ,miss ,ryan migrated to ,england while quite young4 ,for the past decade ,bunny1 as she is called1 has been a prominent figure in ,english and ,continental tournaments4 ,miss ,ryan has a queer push-reverse twist service that is well placed but carries little speed4 ,she chops viciously forehand and backhand off the ground and storms the net at every opening4 ,her volleying is crisp and decisive4 ,overhead she is severe but erratic4 ,she is a dogged fighter1 never so dangerous as when behind4 ,her tactics are aggressive attack at all times1 and if this fails she is lost4 ,although ,miss ,ryan is an ,american by birth she must be considered as an ,english player1 for her development is due to her play in ,england4 ,,mrs4 ,,beamish ,this ,english player is an exponent of the famous baseline game of the country4 ,she drives1 long deep shots fore- and backhand1 corner to corner1 chasing her opponent around the court almost impossible distances4 ,her service volleying and overhead are fair but not noteworthy4 ,another player of almost identical game and of almost equal class is ,mrs4 ,peacock1 ,champion of ,india4 ,her whole game is a little better rounded than ,mrs4 ,beamish1 but she lacks the latter's experience4 ,among the other women in ,england who are delightfully original in their games are ,mrs4 ,larcombe1 the wonderful chop-stroke player1 whose clever generalship and tactics place her in the front rank1 and ,mrs4 ,m',nair1 with her volleying attack4 ,women's tennis in ,england is on a slightly higher plane at this time than in ,america2 but the standard of play in ,america is rapidly coming up4 ,international competition between women on the lines of the ,davis ,cup1 for which a trophy has previously been offered by ,lady ,wavertree in ,england1 and in #aiai by ,mrs4 ,wightman in ,america1 and twice refused by the ,international ,federation1 would do more than any other factor to place women's tennis on the high plane desired4 ,this plan has succeeded for the men1 why should it not do as well for the women8 ,,illustration ,,captions ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,forehand ,,grip4 ,,front ,,view4 ,notice the straight line of the arm1 hand and racquet1 the flat racquet face1 the natural finger position on the handle4 ,the racquet is in position to hit a forehand drive4 ,,forehand ,,grip1 ,,back ,,view4 ,the line is straight1 the head of the racquet slightly in advance of the hand4 ,the pose is at the moment of contact between ball and racquet4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,the ,,completed ,,swing ,,of ,,the ,,forehand ,,drive4 ,notice the body position1 at right angles to the net1 the weight on the front or left foot1 having passed from the right foot with the swing1 just at the moment the ball is struck4 ,the racquet is carried to the limit of the swing and falls into the left hand at height of the shoulder4 ,the racquet face has passed over the ball4 ,the reader is looking through the strings4 ,the stroke was made with the far side of the racquet from the camera4 ,the eye is following the ball in its flight4 ,the whole movement is forward4 ,the tendency in hitting a forehand is to stop the swing too soon4 ,notice the full follow through to the extreme limit of my swing4 ,the hitting plane in this picture is too high1 the shot having been made almost at the shoulder4 ,the correct hitting plane for the forehand drive is along the line of the waist4 ,play all drives at this height if possible4 ,step back to allow the ball to fall waist high if necessary rather than play it at the shoulder4 ,hit your forehand drive decisively but do not attempt to kill every shot4 ,be accurate first and attain speed second4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,backhand ,,grip4 ,,front ,,view4 ,note the hand on top of the racquet handle1 yet retaining the straight line of arm1 hand and racquet ,is in the forehand4 ,the change from the forehand grip is one quarter circle of the handle4 ,the knuckles are up and directly towards the opponent4 ,the head of the racquet is advanced slightly towards the ball4 ,,backhand ,,grip4 ,,back ,,view4 ,notice the line of arm and racquet is straight and the hand on top of the handle4 ,the thumb in my stroke is around the handle1 but may be placed up the handle if desired4 ,personally1 ,i do not use it1 and do not advocate it1 as it tends to detract from the freedom of the grip4 ,,plate ,v4 ,,completion ,,of ,,the ,,backhand ,,drive4 ,notice the feet are firmly set1 with the weight on the right foot1 to which it was shifted from the left with the swing4 ,the racquet has struck and passed over the ball1 topping it4 ,the body is at right angles to the net1 the left arm extended to aid in perfect balance4 ,the whole movement is forward1 while the eye is on the ball1 in its flight4 ,the stroke in the picture was off a high bounding ball which accounts for the racquet's position being above the wrist in order to bring down the ball4 ,the perfect backhand drive is off the waist1 and the racquet passes along that hitting plane4 ,meet the ball well forward on the backhand1 at least in front of the right hip4 ,this will obviate the common error of slicing off to the sideline and will tend to pull the ball1 into court4 ,the locked wrist1 with no turn is essential on all backhand shots below the shoulders4 ,it insures solidity of impact and adds pace to the return4 ,i believe in all beginners playing their backhand shots cross court until they have fully mastered the footwork and locked wrist swing4 ,the common error of slicing the backhand cannot be too strongly emphasized and condemned and cross courting the shot tends to avoid it4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,the ,,forehand ,,volley4 ,notice the body at right angles to the net1 the left foot advanced to the shot1 the weight evenly distributed on the feet1 the wrist slightly below the racquet head1 the racquet head itself slighlysic tilted11sic to lift the volley1 and the whole movement a block of the ball4 ,the wrist is stiff4 ,there is no swing4 ,the eyes are down4 watching the ball4 ,the left arm is the balance wheel4 ,the body crouched and the knees bent4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,the ,,backhand ,,volley4 ,the body position and weight control and balance are the same as in the forehand volley4 ,the crouch is more pronounced as the hitting plane is lower4 ,the head of the racquet is firmly blocked by the stiff1 locked wrist4 ,the eyes are centered on the ball1 which has just left the racquet4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,davis ,,cup ,,challenge ,,round1 #aiba ,zenzo ,shinddzu4 ,japan and ,william ,t4 ,tilden #bnd4 ,america1 just previous to the opening of their terrific match in which ,shimidzu led by two sets4 #e-d and #cj-j1 only to have the ,american finally pull out the ,victory4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,davis ,,cup ,,challenge ,,round1 #aiba ,william ,m4 ,johnston4 ,america and ,ichiya ,kumagae4 ,japan1 take the court for the opening match before a gallery of over #ab1jjj people4 ,johnston won in sequence sets1 scoring the first point for ,america4 ,,plate ,x4 ,,famous ,,davis ,,cup ,,doubles ,,teams ,,norman ,e4 ,,brookes ,,and ,,gerald ,l4 ,,patterson ,australia1 #aibj ,r4 ,m4 ,,williams1 #b,,nd ,,and ,,watson ,m4 ,,washburn ,america1 #aiba ,m4 ,e4 ,,mcloughlin ,,and ,t4 ,c4 ,,bundy ,america1 #aiad ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,famous ,,davis ,,cup ,,stars ,,norman ,e4 ,,brookes ,australia ,,anthon ,f4 ,,wilding ,new ,zealand ,,beals ,,wright ,america ,w4 ,a4 ,,larned ,america ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,the #aiba ,,australian ,,davis ,,cup ,,team ,j4,o4 ,anderson1 ,j4,b4 ,hawkes4 ,norman ,peach and ,c4 ,v4 ,todd4 ,,the #aibj ,,american ,,davis ,,cup ,,team ,r4 ,n4 ,williams1 #bnd1 ,w4 ,m4 ,johnston1 ,captain ,samuel ,hardy1 ,w4 ,t4 ,tilden1 #bnd and ,c4 ,s4 ,garland4 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,former ,,champions ,,of ,,america ,r4 ,,norris ,,williams #aiad and in #aiaf ,,william ,m4 ,,johnston #aiae and in #aiai ,,maurice ,e4 ,,mcloughlin #aiab and in #aiah ,,robert ,,lindley ,,murray #aiag and in #aiah