,,hi/oria ,,calamitatum ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,my ,,mis=tunes ,an ,autobiography by ,pet] ,abl>d ,translat$ by ,h5ry ,adams ,bell[s ,introduction by ,ralph ,adams ,cram ,,introduction ,! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum ( ,pet] ,abl>d is "o ( ^? human docum5ts1 out ( ! v he>t ( ! ,middle ,ages1 t illum9ates by ! gl[ ( its ard\r a %ad[y p]iod t has be5 made ev5 m dusky & incompreh5sible by unsympa!tic comm5tators & ! ill-dige/$ matt] ( s\rce-books4 ,l ! ,confessions ( ,/4 ,augu/9e x is an au!ntic revelation ( p]sonality &1 l ! latt]1 x seems to %[ h[ un*angeable is man1 h[ consi/5t unto himself :e!r he is ( ! six? c5tury or ! twelf?--or inde$ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,evolution may *ange ! flora & fauna ( ! _w1 or modify its physical =ms1 b man is always ! same & ! unroll+ ( ! c5turies affects him n at all4 ,if we c assume ! vivid p]sonality1 ! enorm\s intellectual p[] & ! cle>1 ke5 m5tality ( ,abl>d & 8 contempor>ies & imm$iate successors1 !re is no reason :y ,! ,/ory ( ,my ,mis=tunes %\ld n h be5 writt5 )9 ! la/ decade4 ,!y are l>ge assumptions1 = ?is is n a p]iod 9 _w hi/ory :5 ! in=m+ en]gy ( life expresses itself ?r\gh su* qualities1 :]eas ! twelf? c5tury 0 ( precisely ?is nature4 ,! antec$5t hundr$ ye>s _h se5 ! recov]y f ! b>b>ism t engulf$ ,we/]n ,europe aft] ! fall ( ,rome1 & ! g5]ation ( ^? vital =ces t = two c5turies 7 to infuse society ) a vig\r almo/ unexampl$ 9 its pot5cy & 9 ! ?+s x br\ght to pass4 ,! p>abolic curve t describes ! trajectory ( ,m$iaevalism 0 !n em]g5t out ( *aos & old night & ,abl>d & 8 oppon5t1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 rode high on ! m\nt+ =ce 9 its swift & almo/ viol5t asc5t4 ,pi]re du ,pallet1 yclept ,abl>d1 0 born 9 #ajgi & di$ 9 #aadb1 & 8 life precisely cov]s ! p]iod ( ! bir?1 developm5t & p]fect+ ( t ,go?ic /yle ( ar*itecture :i* is "o ( ! great exempl>s ( ! p]iod4 ,actually1 ! ,norman developm5t occupi$ ! ye>s f #ajej to #aabe :ile ! initiat+ & det]m9+ ( ,go?ic consum$ only fifte5 ye>s1 f ,bury1 begun 9 #aabe1 to ,sa9t-,d5is1 ! "w ( ,abbot ,sug]1 ! fri5d & p>tisan ( ,abl>d1 9 #aadj4 ,x 0 ! "t ( ! ,crusades1 ( ! f\nd+ & developm5t ( s*ools & univ]sities1 ( ! inv5tion or recov]y ( great arts1 ( ! gr[? ( music1 poetry & romance4 ,x 0 ! age ( great k+s & knights & lead]s ( all k9ds1 b above all x 0 ! epo* ( a new philosophy1 ref\nd$ on ! newly reveal$ corn] /ones ( ,plato & ,ari/otle1 b ) a new cont5t1 a new impulse & a new me?od inspir$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,all ^! ?+s1 philosophy1 art1 p]sonality1 "*1 7 ! product ( ! "t1 :i*1 9 its def9it5ess & consi/5cy1 /&s ap>t f all o!r epo*s 9 hi/ory4 ,! social sy/em 0 t ( feudalism1 a s*eme ( reciprocal duties1 privileges & obligations z betwe5 man & man t has nev] be5 excell$ by any o!r sy/em t society has develop$ z its own me?od ( op]ation4 ,z ,dr4 ,de ,wulf has said 9 8 illum9at+ book ,philosophy & ,civilization 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7a volume t %\ld be read by any "o :o wi%es rightly to und]/& ! _s & quality ( ,m$iaevalism71 ! feudal s5tim5t p> excell5ce 444 is ! s5tim5t ( ! value & dignity ( ! individual man4 ,! feudal man liv$ z a free man2 he 0 ma/] 9 8 own h\se2 he s\ght 8 end 9 himself2 he 0--& ?is is a s*ola/ic expression1--propt] seipsum exi/5s3 all feudal obligations 7 f\nd$ ^u respect = p]sonality & ! giv5 ^w4 ,( c\rse ?is admirable s*eme ( society ) its guild sy/em ( indu/ry1 its abs5ce ( usury 9 any =m & its j s5se ( comp>ative values1 0 %ot ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) religion bo? 9 fai? & practice4 ,ca?olicism 0 univ]sally & implicitly accept$4 ,mona/icism _h r$eem$ ,europe f b>b>ism & ,cluny _h fre$ ! ,*ur* f ! yoke ( ,g]man imp]ialism4 ,?is unity & imman5ce ( religion gave a consi/5cy to society o!rwise unobta9able1 & p\r$ its vitality into e =m ( human ?\ght & action4 ,x 0 ,ca?olicism & ! _s ( feudalism t pres]v$ m5 f ! dang]s inh]5t 9 ! imm5se individualism ( ! "t4 ,) ?is p[]ful & p5etrat+ cord9at+ =ce m5 7 safe to g ab\t z f> z !y lik$ 9 ! l9e ( individuality1 :]eas today1 = example1 ! unify+ =ce ( a common & vital religion be+ abs5t & no?+ hav+ be5 (f]$ to take its place1 ! result ( a simil> t5d5cy is egotism & an>*y4 ,^! ?+s happ5$ 9 ! end 9 ! case ( ,m$iaevalism :5 ! p[] & ! influ5ce ( religion once began to weak51 & ! ,r5aissance & ,re=mation dissolv$ ! fabric ( a unifi$ society4 ,!reaft] x became necess>y to br+ "s ord] out ( ! spiritual1 intellectual & physical *aos ?r\gh ! application ( arbitr>y =ce1 & s came absolutism 9 gov]nm5t1 ! tyranny ( ! new intellectualism1 ! ,ca?olic ,inquisition & ! ,puritan ,!ocracy4 ,9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 h[ev]1 ! balance is ju/ly pres]v$1 ?\gh x 0 b an un/able equilibrium1 & !re=e dur+ ! "t ( ,abl>d we f9d ! wide/ div]sity ( speculation & fre$om ( ?\ght :i* cont9ue unhamp]$ = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! my/ical s*ool ( ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor 9 ,p>is foll[s "o l9e 7p]haps ! mo/ ne>ly "r ( all ?\gh x 0 subm]g$ by ! intellectual =ce & vivacity ( ! ,s*ola/ics7 ) ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor z its greate/ expon5t4 ,! ,franciscans & ,dom9icans ea* possess$ great s*ools ( philosophy & dogmatic !ology1 & 9 addition !re 7 a doz5 individual l9e ( speculation1 ea* vitaliz$ by "s "o p]sonality1 d>+1 orig9al1 en?usia/ic4 ,?is prodigi\s m5tal & spiritual activity 0 l>gely fo/]$ by ! s*ools1 colleges & univ]sities t _h sudd5ly appe>$ all ov] ,europe4 ,nev] 0 su* activity along educational l9es4 ,almo/ e ca!dral _h its s*ool1 & _m ( ! abbeys z well1 z = example1 9 ,france alone1 ,cluny1 ,citeaux & ,bec1 ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 ,laon1 ,*>tres1 ,rheims & ,p>is4 ,to ^! s*ools /ud5ts p\r$ 9 f all ov] ! _w 9 numb]s m\nt+ to _m ?\s&s = su* z ,p>is = example1 & ! mutual rivalries 7 int5se & sometimes disord]ly4 ,gr\ps ( /ud5ts w\ld *oose _! own ma/]s & foll[ !m f place to place1 ev5 subject+ !m to discipl9e if 9 _! op9ion !y did n live up to ! intellectual m>k !y _h set z _! /&>d4 ,z !re 0 n only "o religion & "o social sy/em1 b "o univ]sal language z well1 ?is ga!r+ f all ! f\r qu>t]s ( ,europe 0 p]fectly possible1 & _h mu* to d ) ! ma9t5ance ( t unity :i* m>k$ society = ?ree c5turies4 ,at ! "t ( ,abl>d ! s*ools ( ,*>tres & ,p>is 7 at ! height ( _! fame & p[]4 ,fulb]t1 ,b]n>d & ,?i]ry1 all ( ,*>tres1 _h fix$ its fame = a long p]iod1 & at ,p>is ,hugh & ,ri*>d ( ,/4 ,victor & ,william ( ,*ampeaux 7 names to conjure )1 :ile ,anselm ( ,laon1 ,adel>d ( ,ba?1 ,alan ( ,lille1 ,john ( ,salisbury1 ,pet] ,lomb>d1 7 all f "t to "t /ud5ts or tea*]s 9 "o ( ! s*ools ( ! ,ca!dral1 ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,victor or ,/e4 ,g5evive4 ,e>li] 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! id5tity ( !ology & philosophy _h be5 proclaim$1 foll[+ ! ,neo-,platonic & ,augu/9ian !ory1 & ! latt] 7cf4 ,pet] ,dami5 & ,duns ,scotus ,eriug5a7 0 ev5 r$uc$ to a position t made x no m ?an ! ob$i5t h&maid ( !ology4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury h[ev]1 ,/4 ,anselm _h drawn a cle> di/9ction betwe5 fai? & reason1 & !reaft] !ology & philosophy 7 g5]ally accept$ z individual b alli$ sci5ces1 bo? s]v+ z l9es ( approa* to tru? b diff]+ 9 _! me?od4 ,tru? 0 "o & !re=e !re c\ld be no conflict betwe5 ! conclusions rea*$ aft] diff]5t fa%ions4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ,pet] ( ,blois l$ a c]ta9 gr\p call$ rig\ri/s :o /ill look$ askance at philosophy1 or r at ! intellectual me?ods by :i* x proce$$1 & !y 7 incl9$ to condemn x z ! devil's art1 b !y 7 on ! los+ side & ,john ( ,salisbury1 ,alan ( ,lille1 ,gilb]t de la ,porre & ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor prevail$ 9 _! cont5tion t philosoph]s 7 humanae videlicet sapi5tiae amatores1 :ile !ologians 7 div9ae scripturae doctores4 ,c>d9al ,m]ci]1 himself ! greate/ contempor>y expon5t ( ,s*ola/ic philosophy1 def9es philosophy z ! sci5ce ( ! totality ( ?+s4 ,! twelf? c5tury 0 a "t :5 m5 7 /riv+ to see ph5om5a 9 ?is s5se & e/abli%$ a great rational syn!sis t %\ld yet be 9 full con=mity ) ! dogmatic !ology ( reveal$ religion4 ,abl>d 0 "o ( ! mo/ en?usia/ic & d>+ ( ^! ,m$iaeval ?9k]s1 & x is n surpris+ t he %\ld h f\nd himself at issue n only ) ! dull] type ( !ologians b ) 8 philosophical pe]s !mselves4 ,he 0 an intellectual =ce ( ! fir/ magnitude & a ma/] ( dialectic2 he 0 also an egoti/ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 & a man ( /rong passions4 ,he w\ld & did use 8 logical faculty & 8 ma/]y ( dialectic to ju/ify 8 own desires1 :e!r ^! 7 = c>nal satisfaction or ! ma9t5ance ( an orig9al intellectual concept4 ,x 0 precisely ?is dang] t ar\s$ ! fe>s ( ! rig\ri/s & 9 ! light ( succe$+ ev5ts 9 ! doma9 ( intellectualism x is impossible to d5y t !re 0 "s ju/ification = _! gloomy appreh5sions4 ,9 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as ?is intellectualiz+ process m>k$ its highe/ po9t & beyond !re 0 no m>g9 ( safety4 ,he himself did n ov]/ep ! v]ge ( dang]1 b aft] him ?is limit 0 ov]pass$4 ,! p]fect balance betwe5 m9d & _s 0 a*iev$ by ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor1 b aft]w>ds ! sev]ance began & on ! "o side 0 ! un:olesome hyp]-spiritualization ( ! ,rh5i% my/ics1 on ! o!r ! false intellectualism ( ,desc>tes1 ,kant & ! entire mod]n s*ool ( mat]iali/ic philosophy4 ,x 0 ! cle> prevision ( ?is inevitable issue t made ( ,/4 ,b]n>d n only an implacable oppon5t ( ,abl>d b ( ! :ole sy/em ( ,s*ola/icism z well4 ,= a "t he 0 victori\s4 ,abl>d 0 sil5c$ & ! my/icism ( ! ,victor9es triumph$1 only to be sup]s$$ fifty ye>s lat] :5 ! two great ord]s1 ,dom9ican & ,franciscan1 produc$ _! triumphant protagoni/s ( intellectualism1 ,alel&] ,hales& ,alb]tus ,magnus1 & f9ally ! greate/ pure intellect ( all "t1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi1 ! ,victor9es1 ma9ta9$ t aft] all1 z ,h5ri ,b]gson 0 to say1 sev5 hundr$ ye>s lat]1 ! m9d ( man by its v nature is incapable ( appreh5d+ reality1 & t !re=e fai? is bett] ?an reason4 ,"l ,bacon came to ! same conclusion :5 he wrote ,let m5 please !mselves z !y w 9 admir+ & almo/ ador+ ! human k9d1 ?is is c]ta92 t1 z an unev5 mirr\r di/orts ! rays ( objects accord+ to its own figure & section1 s ! m9d 444 _c be tru/$4 ,& ,hugh ( ,/4 ,victor himself1 _h writt51 ev5 9 ! days ( ,abl>d3 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 wisdom t seem$ su* to !m t knew n ! true wisdom4 ,! _w f\nd x & began to be puff$ up1 ?9k+ itself great 9 ?is4 ,confid+ 9 its wisdom x became presumptu\s & boa/$ x w\ld atta9 ! highe/ wisdom4 ,& x made itself a ladd] ( ! face ( creation4 444 ,!n ^? ?+s :i* 7 se5 7 kn[n & !re 7 o!r ?+s :i* 7 n kn[n2 & ?r\gh ^? :i* 7 manife/ !y expect$ to rea* ^? t 7 hidd54 ,& !y /umbl$ & fell into ! falsehoods ( _! own imag9+ 444 ,s ,god made fooli% ! wisdom ( ?is _w1 & ,he po9t$ out ano!r wisdom1 :i* seem$ fooli%ness & 0 n4 ,= x prea*$ ,*ri/ crucifi$1 9 ord] t tru? might be s\ght 9 humility4 ,b ! _w despis$ x1 wi%+ to contemplate ! works ( ,god1 :i* ,he _h made a s\rce ( wond]1 & x did n wi% to v5]ate :at ,he _h set = imitation1 nei!r did x look to its own disease1 seek+ m$ic9e 9 piety2 b presum+ on a false heal?1 x gave itself ov] ) va9 curiosity to ! /udy ( ali5 ?+s4 ,^! consid]ations tr\bl$ ,abl>d n at all4 ,he 0 consci\s ( a m9d ( s+ul> acut5ess & a tongue ( p>ts1 bo? ( :i* w\ld d :atev] he will$4 ,b5ea? all ! tumultu\s talk ( ,p>is1 :5 he fir/ arriv$ !re1 lay ! great & unsolv$ problem ( ,univ]sals & ?is he promptly made 8 own1 ru%+ 9 :]e o!rs fe>$ to tread4 ,william ( ,*ampeaux _h re/$ on a ,platonic basis1 ,abl>d assum$ t ( ,ari/otle1 & ! cla% began4 ,x is n a lucid subject1 b ! be/ ab/ract may be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv ( ,h5ry ,adams' ,mont-,sa9t-,mi*el & ,*>tres :ile ?is & ! two succe$+ *apt]s give ! mo/ lum9\s & vivaci\s acc\nt ( ! pr9ciples at issue 9 ?is mo/ vital ( intellectual feuds4 ,accord+ to ! late/ au?orities1 ! doctr9e ( univ]sals :i* convuls$ ! s*ools ( ! twelf? c5tury has nev] receiv$ an adequate answ]4 ,:at is a species3 :at is a g5us or a family or an ord]8 ,m or less conv5i5t t]ms ( classification1 ab\t :i* ! twelf? c5tury c>$ v little1 :ile x c>$ deeply ab\t ! ess5ce ( classes6 ,sci5ce has become too complex to affirm ! exi/5ce ( univ]sal tru?s1 b x /rives = no?+ else1 & disputes ! problem1 )9 its own limits1 almo/ z e>ne/ly z 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :5 ! :ole field ( human & sup]human activity 0 %ut betwe5 ^! b>ri]s ( sub/ance1 univ]sals1 & p>ticul>s4 ,little has *ang$ except ! vocabul>y & ! me?od4 ,! s*ools knew t _! society hung = life on ! demon/ration t ,god1 ! ultimate univ]sal1 0 a reality1 out ( :i* all o!r univ]sal tru?s or realities sprang4 ,tru? 0 a real ?+1 outside ( human exp]i5ce4 ,! s*ools ( ,p>is talk$ & ?\ght ( no?+ else4 ,john ( ,salisbury1 :o att5d$ ,abl>d's lectures ab\t #aacf1 & became ,bi%op ( ,*>tres 9 #aagf1 seems to h be5 m surpris$ ?an we ne$ be at ! int5sity ( ! emotion4 ',"o nev] gets away f ?is "q1' he said4 ',f :atev] po9t a discussion />ts1 x is always l$ back & atta*$ to t4 ,x is ! madness ( ,rufus ab\t ,naevia2 ,he ?9ks ( no?+ else2 talks ( no?+ else1 & if ,naevia did n exi/1 ,rufus w\ld be dumb4' 444 ,9 ^! s*ola/ic t\rnam5ts ! two *ampions />t$ f opposite po9ts3--"o f ! ultimate sub/ance1 ,god1--! univ]sal1 ! ideal1 ! type2--! o!r f ! individual1 ,socrates1 ! concrete1 ! obs]v$ fact ( exp]i5ce1 ! object ( s5sual p]ception4 ,! fir/ *ampion--,william 9 ?is in/ance-- assum$ t ! univ]sal 0 a real ?+2 & = t reason he 0 call$ a reali/4 ,8 oppon5t--,abl>d--held t ! univ]sal 0 only nom9ally real2 & on t acc\nt he 0 call$ a nom9ali/4 ,tru?1 virtue1 humanity1 exi/ z units & realities1 said ,william4 ,tru?1 repli$ ,abl>d1 is only ! sum ( all possible facts t are true1 z humanity is ! sum ( all actual human be+s4 ,! ideal b$ is a =m1 made by ,god1 said ,plato4 ,! ideal b$ is a "n1 imag9$ by ourselves1 said ,ari/otle4 ',i />t f ! univ]se1' said ,william4 ',i />t f ! atom1' said ,abl>d2 &1 once hav+ />t$1 !y necess>ily came into collision at "s po9t betwe5 ! two4 ,9 ?is ,/ory ( ,my ,mis=tunes ,abl>d gives 8 own acc\nt ( ! triumphant mann] 9 :i* he conf\nd$ 8 ma/]1 ,william1 b z ,h5ry ,adams says1 ,we %\ld be m cr$ul\s ?an twelf?-c5tury monks1 if we believ$1 on ,abl>d's ^w 9 #aace1 t 9 #aaaj he _h driv5 out ( ! s*ools ! mo/ accompli%$ dialectician ( ! age by an objection s famili> t no o!r dialectician 0 ev] sil5c$ by x--:atev] may h be5 ! case ) !ologians-& s obvi\s t x c\ld n h tr\bl$ a s*ol> ( fifte54 ,william /at$ a select$ doctr9e z old z ,plato2 ,abl>d int]pos$ an objection z old z ,ari/otle4 ,probably ,plato & ,ari/otle _h receiv$ ! "q & answ] f philosoph]s t5 ?\s& ye>s old] ?an !mselves4 ,c]ta9ly ! :ole ( philosophy has always be5 involv$ 9 ?is dispute4 ,s began ! battle ( ! s*ools ) all its m ?an milit>y /rategy & tactics1 & 9 ! end x 0 a drawn battle1 9 spite ( its m>vels ( intellectual h]oism & dialectical sublety4 ,says ,h5ry ,adams aga93-- ,9 e age man has be5 apt to dream uneasily1 roll+ f side to side1 beat+ aga9/ imag9>y b>s1 unless1 tir$ out1 he has sunk into indiff]5ce or scepticism4 ,religi\s m9ds pref] scepticism4 ,! true sa9t is a pr(\nd sceptic2 a total disbeliev] 9 human reason1 :o has m ?an once jo9$ h&s on ?is gr\nd ) "s :o 7 at be/ s9n]s4 ,b]n>d 0 a total disbeliev] 9 ,s*ola/icism2 s 0 ,voltaire4 ,b]n>d br\ght ! society ( 8 "t to %>e 8 scepticism1 b c\ld give ! society no o!r intellectual amusem5t to relieve its re/lessness4 ,8 crusade fail$2 8 ascetic en?usiasm fad$2 ,god came no ne>]4 ,if !re 0 9 all ,france1 betwe5 #aadj & #abjj1 a m typical ,engli%man ( ! future ,*ur* ( ,engl& type ?an ,john ( ,salisbury1 he has left no trace2 & ,john wrote a description ( 8 "t :i* makes a picturesque contra/ ) ! picture pa9t$ by ,abl>d1 8 old ma/]1 ( ! c5tury at its beg9n+4 ,john weigh$ ,abl>d & ! s*ools aga9/ ,b]n>d & ! cloi/]1 & coolly conclud$ t ! way to tru? l$ r ?r\gh ,citeaux1 :i* br\ght him to ,*>tres z ,bi%op 9 #aagf1 & to a mild scepticism 9 fai?4 ',i pref] to d\bt' he said1 'r ?an ra%ly def9e :at is hidd54' ,! battle ) ! s*ools _h !n result$ only 9 creat+ ?ree k9ds ( sceptics3-- ! disbeliev]s 9 human reason2 ! passive agno/ics2 & ! sceptics prop]1 :o w\ld h be5 a!i/s _h !y d>$4 ,! fir/ class 0 repres5t$ by ! ,s*ool ( ,/4 ,victor2 ! second by ,john ( ,salisbury himself2 ! ?ird1 by a class ( s*oolm5 :om he call$ ,cornificii1 z ?\gh !y made a practice ( inv5t+ horns ( dilemma on :i* to fix _! oppon5ts2 z1 = example1 !y ask$ :e!r a pig :i* 0 l$ to m>ket 0 l$ by ! man or ! cord4 ,"o asks in/antly3 ,:at cord8--,:e!r ,grace1 = in/ance1 or ,free ,w8 ,bi%op ,john us$ ! sci5ce he _h le>n$ 9 ! s*ool only to rea* ! conclusion t1 if philosophy 7 a sci5ce at all1 its be/ practical use 0 to tea* *>ity--love4 ,ev5 ! e>ly1 sup]ficial debates ( ! s*ools1 9 #aajj-ej1 _h s exhau/$ ! subject t ! mo/ intellig5t m5 saw h[ little 0 to be ga9$ by pursu+ fur!r ^? l9es ( ?\ght4 ,! twelf? c5tury _h already rea*$ ! po9t :]e ! sev5te5? c5tury /ood :5 ,desc>tes r5ew$ ! attempt to give a solid1 philosophical basis = deism by 8 celebrat$ ',cogito1 ergo sum4' ,al?\gh t ultimate fact seem$ new to ,europe :5 ,desc>tes reviv$ x z ! />t+-po9t ( 8 demon/ration1 x 0 z old & famili> z ,/4 ,augu/9e to ! twelf? c5tury1 & z little conclusive z any o!r assumption ( ! ,ego or ! ,non-,ego4 ,! s*ools argu$1 accord+ to _! ta/es1 f unity to multiplicity1 or f multiplicity to unity2 b :at !y want$ 0 to connect ! two4 ,!y tri$ realism & f\nd t x l$ to pan!ism4 ,!y tri$ nom9alism & f\nd t x end$ 9 mat]ialism4 ,!y attempt$ a compromise 9 conceptualism :i* begg$ ! :ole "q4 ,!n !y lay d[n1 exhau/$4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury--! same viol5t /ruggle broke out aga91 & wrung f ,pascal ! fam\s outcry ( despair 9 :i* ! ,fr5* language rose1 p]haps = ! la/ "t1 to ! gr& /yle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,to ! twelf? c5tury x belongs2 to ! c5tury ( fai? & simplicity2 n to ! ma!matical c]ta9ties ( ,desc>tes & ,leibnitz & ,newton1 or to ! ma!matical ab/ractions ( ,sp9oza4 ,desc>tes _h proclaim$ 8 fam\s conceptual pro( ( ,god3 ',i am consci\s ( myself1 & mu/ exi/2 ,i am consci\s ( ,god & ,he mu/ exi/4' ,pascal we>ily repli$ t x 0 n ,god he d\bt$1 b logic4 ,he 0 tortur$ by ! impossibility ( reject+ man's reason by reason2 unconsci\sly sceptical1 he =c$ himself to disbelieve 9 himself r ?an admit a d\bt ( ,god4 ,man _h tri$ to prove ,god1 & _h fail$3 ',! metaphysical pro(s ( ,god are s remote 7loignes7 f ! reason+ ( m51 & s contradictory 7impliques1 f> fet*$7 t !y made little impression2 & ev5 if !y s]v$ to conv9ce "s p1 x w\ld only be dur+ ! in/ant t !y see ! demon/ration2 an h\r aft]w>ds !y fe> to h deceiv$ !mselves4' ,abl>d 0 always1 z he has be5 call$1 a s*ola/ic adv5tur]1 a philosophical & !ological freelance1 & x 0 aft] ! ,calamity t he foll[$ ^? c\rses t result$ f9ally 9 8 sil5c+ & 8 obscure dea?4 ,x is almo/ impossible = u ( mod]n times to und]/& ! viol5ce ( p>tisan%ip ar\s$ by 8 actions & publi%$ words t c5tre app>5tly ar\nd ! plac+ ( ! h]mitage he _h made = himself "u ! patronage ( ! ?ird ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,p>aclete1 ! ,_s ( love & compassion & consolation1 & ! consequ5t argum5ts by :i* he ju/ifi$ himself4 ,to u x seems t he 0 only try+ to exalt ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s1 a pi\s action at ! lea/ b to ! episcopal & mona/ic cons]vators ( ! fai? he seems to h be5 guilty ( try+ to rationalize an unsolvable my/]y1 to f9d an intellectual solution =bidd5 to man4 ,9 "s obscure way ! "q seems to be involv$ 9 t o!r ( ! function ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 z ! f\nt ( m]cy & compassion1 & at ?is "t :5 ! cult ( ! ,"m ( ,god _h rea*$ its highe/ po9t ( pot5cy & poignancy any?+ ( ! sort seem$ intol]able4 ,= a "t ! affairs ( ,abl>d prosp]$3 ,abbot ,sug] ( ,sa9t-,d5is 0 8 def5d]1 & he enjoy$ ! favor ( ! ,pope & ! ,k+4 ,he 0 made an abbot & 8 influ5ce spread 9 e direction4 ,9 #aacg ! ,k+ di$ & conditions at ,rome *ang$ s t ,/4 ,b]n>d became almo/ ,pope & ,k+ 9 8 own p]son4 ,)9 a ye> he proce$$ aga9/ ,abl>d2 8 ,!ology 0 condemn$ at a c\ncil ( ,s5s1 ?is judgm5t 0 confirm$ by ! ,pope1 & ! p5alty ( sil5ce 0 impos$ on ! au?or-- probably ! mo/ sev]e puni%m5t he c\ld be call$ ^u to endure4 ,z a matt] ( fact x 0 fatal to him4 ,he />t$ =?) = ,rome b /opp$ at ! ,abbey ( ,cluny 9 ! company ( its ,abbot1 ,pet] ! ,v5]able1 ! mo/ amiable figure ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & no v devot$ admir] ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 to :om1 z a matt] ( fact1 he _h once writt51 ,y p]=m all ! difficult religi\s duties2 y fa/1 y wat*1 y suff]2 b y w n endure ! easy ones-y d n love4 ,"h he f\nd two ye>s ( peace aft] 8 tr\bl$ life1 dy+ 9 ! full communion ( ! ,*ur* on #ba ,april1 #aadb4 ,! problems ( philosophy & !ology t 7 s vital 9 ! ,middle ,ages int]e/ u no m1 ev5 :5 !y are less obscure ?an ^? s rife 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 b ! problem ( human love is always ne> & s x is n p]haps surpris+ t ! abid+ int]e/ conc]ns itself ) ,abl>d's relation%ip ) ,hlose4 ,s f> z he is conc]n$ x is n a v sav\ry matt]4 ,he delib]ately s$uc$ a pupil1 a beautiful girl entru/$ to him by h] uncle1 a simplem9d$ old canon ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,p>is1 "u ^: ro( he ensconc$ himself by false pret5ces & ) ! full int5tion ( ga9+ ! niece = himself4 ,abl>d seems to h ex]cis$ an irresi/ible fasc9ation = m5 & wom5 alike1 & 8 plot succe$$ to admiration4 ,/rick5 by a belat$ remorse1 he f9ally m>ri$ ,hlose aga9/ h] unselfi% prote/s & p>tly to legitimatize 8 unborn *ild1 & %ortly aft] he 0 surpris$ & ov]p[]$ by emiss>ies ( ,canon ,fulb]t & subject$ to irrep>able mutilation4 ,he tells ! /ory ) p]fect frankness & ) h>dly m ?an =mal expressions ( compunction1 & !reaft] foll[s ! n>rative ( _! sep>ation1 he to a mona/]y1 %e to a conv5t1 & ( 8 c>e = h] dur+ h] conv5tual life1 or at lea/ = t "p ( x t _h pass$ be=e ! ,hi/ory 0 writt54 ,?r\gh ! :ole /ory x is ,hloise :o %9es brightly z a curi\sly beautiful p]sonality1 unselfi%1 self sacrific+1 & almo/ virg9al 9 h] purity 9 spite ( h] fault4 ,"o has = h] only sympa?y & affection :]eas x is difficult to feel ei!r = ,abl>d 9 spite ( 8 belat$ ef=ts at rectify+ 8 own s9 & 8 life-long devotion to 8 solit>y wife 9 h] hidd5 cloi/]4 ,! :ole /ory 0 in/antly kn[n1 ,abl>d's assailants 7 puni%$ 9 k9d1 4& he himself %ortly resum$ 8 "w ( lectur+ on philosophy &1 a little lat]1 on !ology4 ,app>5tly 8 reputation did n suff] 9 ! lea/1 nor did h]s2 9 fact h] piety became almo/ a by-^w & 8 "n z a great tea*] increas$ by leaps & b\nds3 nei!r 8 (f5ce nor its puni%m5t seem$ to br+ la/+ discr$it4 ,?is fact1 :i* seems /range to u1 does n imply a lack ( moral s5se 9 ! community b r ! preval5ce ( /&>ds ali5 to our own4 ,x is only s9ce ! adv5t ( ,puritanism t sexual s9s h be5 plac$ at ! head ( ! :ole category4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 z always "u ,*ri/ianity1 ! mo/ deadly s9s 7 pride1 covet\sness1 sl&] & ang]4 ,^! impli$ inh]5t moral depravity1 b illicit love 0 love outside ! law ( man1 & did n ( necessity & always involve moral guilt4 ,*ri/ 0 ,himself v g5tle & compassionate ) ! s9s ( ! fle% b rel5tless 9 ! case ( ! great] s9s ( ! _s4 ,puritanism ov]turn$ ! balance ( ?+s1 & by conc5trat+ its condemnation on sexual d]elictions became bl9d to ! great] s9s ( pride1 av>ice & ang]4 ,we h inh]it$ ! prejudice )\t acquir+ ! ab/5tion1 b ! ,middle ,ages _h a cle>] s5se ( comp>ative values & !y c\ld =give1 or ev5 ignore1 ! s9 ( ,abl>d & ,hlose :5 !y c\ld less easily excuse ! s9 ( spiritual pride or delib]ate cruelty4 ,moreov]1 ^! same ,middle ,ages believ$ v e>ne/ly 9 ! ,div9e =giv5ess ( s9s = :i* !re _h be5 real rep5tance & hone/ ef=t at am5dm5t4 ,abl>d & ,hloise _h be5 griev\sly puni%$1 he himself _h made e rep>ation t 0 possible1 8 p5it5ce 0 *>itably assum$1 & !re=e x 0 n = society to condemn :at ,god w\ld m]cifully =give4 ,! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies 7 n an age ( moral laxity2 ideals & /&>ds & conduct 7 immeasurably high] ?an !y _h be5 = five hundr$ ye>s1 high] ?an !y 7 to be 9 ! c5turies t foll[$ ! cre/ ( ,m$iaevalism4 ,x 0 h[ev] a "t ( enorm\s vitality1 ( ?robb+ en]gy t 0 con/antly bur/+ its b\nds1 & z well a "t ( p]sonal lib]ty & fre$om ( action t w\ld seem /range inde$ to u 9 ^! days ( endless legal re/ra9t & inhibitions mitigat$ by revolt4 ,!re 7 few =mal laws b !re 0 ,cu/om :i* 0 a sov]eign law 9 itself1 & above all !re 0 ! moral law ( ! ,*ur*1 e/abli%+ its great fundam5tal pr9ciples b leav+ details to ! work+ out ( life itself4 ,beh9d ! s9 ( ,abl>d lay 8 intol]able spiritual pride1 8 selfi%ness & 8 egotism1 qualities t society at l>ge did n recognize because ( _! devotion to 8 engag+ p]sonality & _! admiration = 8 dazzl+ intellectual gifts4 ,_! idol _h s9n$1 he _h be5 savagely puni%$1 he _h rep5t$2 t 0 all !re 0 ab\t x & ! "q 0 at an end4 ,9 read+ ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum !re is "o consid]ation t sugge/s itself t is subject = s]i\s ?\ght4 ,writt5 z x 0 "s ye>s aft] ! great trag$y ( 8 life1 x 0 a portrait t someh[ seems out ( focus4 ,we "k t dur+ 8 e>ly ye>s 9 ,p>is ,abl>d 0 a bold & d>+ *ampion 9 ! li/s ( dialectic2 brilliant1 p]suasive1 mascul9e to a degree2 yet ?is self-portrait is ( a man timid1 suspici\s1 fright5$ ( realities1 %ad[s1 possibilities4 ,he is 9 abject t]ror ( c\ncils1 hidd5 enemies1 ev5 ( 8 life4 ,! tone is qu]ul\s1 ev5 peevi% at times1 & always ! egotism & ! pride p]si/1 :ile he seems driv5 by ! :ip ( desire = intellectual adv5ture into places :]e he %r9ks f def5d+ himself1 or is unable to d s4 ,! anti!sis is complete & "o is driv5 to believe t ! t]rible mutilation to :i* he _h be5 subject$ _h brok5 d[n 8 p]sonality & left him 9 all ?+s less ?an man4 ,8 n>rative is full ( accusations aga9/ all mann] ( p1 b x is n necess>y to take all ^! lit]ally1 = x is evid5t t 8 natural egotism1 ov]laid by ! circum/ances ( 8 calamity1 produc$ an almo/ pa?ological condition :]e9 suspicions became to him realities & t]rors e/abli%$ facts4 ,x is d\btful if ,abl>d %\ld be rank$ v high 9 ! li/ ( ,m$iaeval philosoph]s4 ,he 0 m a dialectician ?an a creative =ce1 & until ! developm5t ( ! episode ) ,hlose he seems to h c>$ prim>ily = ! excitem5t ( debate1 ) small reg>d = ! value or ! subjects "u discussion4 ,z an intellectuali/ he _h mu* to d ) ! subsequ5t ab&onm5t ( ,plato 9 fav\r ( ,ari/otle t 0 a m>k ( pure s*ola/icism1 :ile ! brilliancy ( 8 dialectical me?od became a model = future g5]ations4 ,af] ! ,calamity he turn$ f philosophy to !ology & e?ics & "h he reveals qualities ( nobility n evid5t be=e4 ,p>ticul>ly does he insi/ ^u ! fact t x is ! subjective int5tion t det]m9es ! moral value ( human actions ev5 if x does n *ange _! ess5tial "*4 ,! /ory ( ?is philosophical soldi] ( =tune is a romance f beg9n+ to end1 a poignant human drama %ot ?r\gh ) passion1 adv5ture1 pa?os & trag$y4 ,9 a s5se x is an epitome ( ! e>li] ,middle ,ages & ?r\gh x %9es ! bright light ( an era ( f]vid liv+1 ( excit+ adv5ture1 ( ph5om5al intellectual =ce & ( l>ge & compreh5sive lib]ty4 ,z a s+le episode ( passion x is n p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ except = ! appeal+ p]sonality ( ,hlose2 z a phase 9 ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian philosophy x is ( only second>y value4 ,unit$ 9 "o1 ! two factors a*ieve a brilliant dramatic unity t has made ! /ory ( ,abl>d & ,hlose immortal4 ,,hi/oria ,,calamitatum ,,=eword ,(t5 ! he>ts ( m5 & wom5 are /irr$1 z likewise !y are soo!d 9 _! sorr[s1 m by example ?an by words4 ,& !re=e1 because ,i too h kn[n "s consolation f spee* _h ) "o :o 0 a witness !re(1 am ,i n[ m9d$ to write ( ! suff]+s :i* h sprung out ( my mis=tunes1 = ! eyes ( "o :o1 ?\gh abs5t1 is ( himself ev] a consol]4 ,?is ,i d s t1 9 comp>+ y\r sorr[s ) m9e1 y may discov] t y\rs are 9 tru? n\ght1 or at ! mo/ b ( small acc\nt1 & s %all y come to be> !m m easily4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,( ,,! ,,bir?place ,,( ,,pi]re ,,ab,,l>d ,,& ,,( ,,8 ,,p>5ts ,"k1 !n1 t ,i am come f a c]ta9 t[n :i* 0 built on ! way into less] ,brittany1 di/ant "s eight miles1 z ,i ?9k1 ea/w>d f ! city ( ,nantes1 & 9 its own tongue call$ ,palets4 ,su* is ! nature ( t c\ntry1 or1 x may be1 ( !m :o dwell !re--= 9 tru? !y are quick 9 fancy--t my m9d b5t itself easily to ! /udy ( lett]s4 ,yet m1 ,i _h a fa!r :o _h won "s smatt]+ ( lett]s be=e he _h gird$ on ! soldi]'s belt4 ,& s x came ab\t t long aft]w>ds 8 love !re( 0 s /rong t he saw to x t ea* son ( 8 %\ld be taught 9 lett]s ev5 e>li] ?an 9 ! managem5t ( arms4 ,?us inde$ did x come to pass4 ,& because ,i 0 8 fir/ born1 & = t reason ! m de> to him1 he s\ght ) d\ble dilig5ce to h me wisely taught4 ,= my "p1 ! m ,i w5t =w>d 9 ! /udy ( lett]s1 & ev] m easily1 ! great] became ! ard\r ( my devotion to !m1 until 9 tru? ,i 0 s en?rall$ by my passion = le>n+ t1 gladly leav+ to my bro!rs ! pomp ( glory 9 arms1 ! "r ( h]itage & all ! hon\rs t %\ld h be5 m9e z ! elde/ born1 ,i fl$ utt]ly f ! c\rt ( ,m>s t ,i might w9 le>n+ 9 ! bosom ( ,m9]va4 ,& s9ce ,i f\nd ! armory ( logical reason+ m to my lik+ ?an ! o!r =ms ( philosophy1 ,i ex*ang$ all o!r weapons = ^!1 & to ! prizes ( victory 9 w> ,i pref]r$ ! battle ( m9ds 9 disputation4 ,!nce=?1 j\rney+ ?r\gh _m prov9ces1 & debat+ z ,i w5t1 go+ :i!rsoev] ,i he>d t ! /udy ( my *os5 art mo/ fl\ri%$1 ,i became su* an "o z ! ,p]ipatetics4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,( ,,! ,,p]secution ,,he ,,_h ,,f ,,8 ,,ma/] ,,william ,,( ,,*ampeaux--,,( ,,8 ,,adv5tures ,,at ,,melun1 ,,at ,,corbeil ,,& ,,at ,,p>is--,,( ,,8 ,,)drawal ,,f ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,! ,,p>isians ,,to ,,melun1 ,,& ,,8 ,,return ,,to ,,mont ,,/e4 ,,g5evi,,ve--,,( ,,8 ,,j\rney ,,to ,,8 ,,old ,,home ,i came at l5g? to ,p>is1 :]e above all 9 ^? days ! art ( dialectics 0 mo/ fl\ri%+1 & !re did ,i meet ,william ( ,*ampeaux1 my tea*]1 a man mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 8 sci5ce bo? by 8 r5[n & by 8 true m]it4 ,) him ,i rema9$ = "s "t1 at fir/ inde$ well lik$ ( him2 b lat] ,i br\ght him great grief1 because ,i und]took to refute c]ta9 ( 8 op9ions1 n infrequ5tly attack+ him 9 disputation1 & n[ & !n 9 ^! debates ,i 0 adjudg$ victor4 ,n[ ?is1 to ^? among my fell[ /ud5ts :o 7 rank$ =emo/1 seem$ all ! m insuff]able because ( my y\? & ! brief duration ( my /udies4 ,out ( ?is sprang ! beg9n+ ( my mis=tunes1 :i* h foll[$ me ev5 to ! pres5t day2 ! m widely my fame 0 spread abroad1 ! m bitt] 0 ! envy t 0 k9dl$ aga9/ me4 ,x 0 giv5 out t ,i1 presum+ on my gifts f> beyond ! w>ranty ( my y\?1 0 aspir+ despite my t5d]1 ye>s to ! lead]%ip ( a s*ool2 nay1 m1 t ,i 0 mak+ read ! v place 9 :i* ,i w\ld und]take ?is task1 ! place be+ none o!r ?an ! ca/le ( ,melun1 at t "t a royal seat4 ,my tea*] himself _h "s =ekn[l$ge ( ?is1 & tri$ to remove my s*ool z f> z possible f 8 own4 ,work+ 9 secret1 he s\ght 9 e way he c\ld be=e ,i left 8 foll[+ to br+ to n\ght ! s*ool ,i _h plann$ & ! place ,i _h *os5 = x4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 9 t v place he _h _m rivals1 & "s ( !m m5 ( influ5ce among ! great ones ( ! l&1 rely+ on _! aid ,i won to ! fulfillm5t ( my wi%2 ! support ( _m 0 secur$ = me by reason ( 8 own unconceal$ envy4 ,f ?is small inception ( my s*ool1 my fame 9 ! art ( dialectics began to spread abroad1 s t little by little ! r5[n1 n alone ( ^? :o _h be5 my fell[ /ud5ts1 b ( our v tea*] himself1 grew dim & 0 l to die out altoge!r4 ,?us x came ab\t t1 /ill m confid5t 9 myself1 ,i mov$ my s*ool z soon z ,i well might to ! ca/le ( ,corbeil1 :i* is h>d by ! city ( ,p>is1 = !re ,i knew !re w\ld be giv5 m frequ5t *ance = my assaults 9 our battle ( disputation4 ,no long "t !reaft] ,i 0 smitt5 ) a griev\s illness1 br\ght ^u me by my immod]ate zeal = /udy4 ,?is illness =c$ me to turn homew>d to my native prov9ce1 & ?us = "s ye>s ,i 0 z if cut (f f ,france4 ,& yet1 = t v reason1 ,i 0 s\ght out all ! m eag]ly by ^? ^: he>ts 7 tr\bl$ by ! lore ( dialectics4 ,b aft] a few ye>s _h pass$1 & ,i 0 :ole aga9 f my sickness1 ,i le>n$ t my tea*]1 t same ,william ,ar*deacon ( ,p>is1 _h *ang$ 8 =m] g>b & jo9$ an ord] ( ! regul> cl]gy4 ,?is he _h done1 or s m5 said1 9 ord] t he might be deem$ m deeply religi\s1 & s might be elevat$ to a l(ti] rank 9 ! prelacy1 a ?+ :i*1 9 tru?1 v soon came to pass1 = he 0 made bi%op ( ,*lons4 ,nev]!less1 ! g>b he _h donn$ by reason ( 8 conv]sion did n\ght to keep him away ei!r f ! city ( ,p>is or f 8 wont$ /udy ( philosophy2 & 9 ! v mona/]y :]e9 he _h %ut himself up = ! sake ( religion he /raightway set to tea*+ aga9 aft] ! same fa%ion z be=e4 ,to him did ,i return1 = ,i 0 eag] to le>n m ( rhetoric f 8 lips2 & 9 ! c\rse ( our _m argum5ts on v>i\s matt]s1 ,i compell$ him by mo/ pot5t reason+ fir/ to alt] 8 =m] op9ion on ! subject ( ! univ]sals1 & f9ally to ab&on x altoge!r4 ,n[1 ! basis ( ?is old concept ( 8 reg>d+ ! reality ( univ]sal ideas 0 t ! same quality =m$ ! ess5ce alike ( ! ab/ract :ole & ( ! individuals :i* 7 its p>ts3 9 o!r words1 t !re c\ld be no ess5tial diff]5ces among ^! individuals1 all be+ alike save = su* v>iety z might gr[ out ( ! _m accid5ts ( exi/5ce4 ,!reaft]1 h[ev]1 he correct$ ?is op9ion1 no long] ma9ta9+ t ! same quality 0 ! ess5ce ( all ?+s1 b t1 r1 x manife/$ itself 9 !m ?r\gh div]se ways4 ,?is problem ( univ]sals is ev] ! mo/ vex$ "o among logicians1 to su* a degree1 inde$1 t ev5 ,porphyry1 writ+ 9 8 ,isagoge reg>d+ univ]sals1 d>$ n attempt a f9al pron\ncem5t !reon1 say+ r3 ,?is is ! deepe/ ( all problems ( its k9d4 ,:]e=e x foll[$ t :5 ,william _h fir/ revis$ & !n f9ally ab&on$ altoge!r 8 views on ?is "o subject1 8 lectur+ sank into su* a /ate ( neglig5t reason+ t x c\ld sc>ce be call$ lectur+ on ! sci5ce ( dialectics at all2 x 0 z if all 8 sci5ce _h be5 b\nd up 9 ?is "o "q ( ! nature ( univ]sals4 ,?us x came ab\t t my tea*+ won su* /r5g? & au?ority t ev5 ^? :o be=e _h clung mo/ vehem5tly to my =m] ma/]1 & mo/ bitt]ly attack$ my doctr9es1 n[ flock$ to my s*ool4 ,! v man :o _h succe$$ to my ma/]'s *air 9 ! ,p>is s*ool (f]$ me 8 po/1 9 ord] t he might put himself "u my tutelage along ) all ! re/1 & ?is 9 ! v place :]e ( old 8 ma/] & m9e _h reign$4 ,& :51 9 s %ort a "t1 my ma/] saw me direct+ ! /udy ( dialectics !re1 x is n easy to f9d words to tell ) :at envy he 0 consum$ or ) :at pa9 he 0 torm5t$4 ,he c\ld n long1 9 tru?1 be> ! angui% ( :at he felt to be 8 wrongs1 & %rewdly he attack$ me t he might drive me =?4 ,& because !re 0 n\ght 9 my conduct :]eby he c\ld come at me op5ly1 he tri$ to /eal away ! s*ool by laun*+ ! vile/ calumnies aga9/ him :o _h yield$ 8 po/ to me1 & by putt+ 9 8 place a c]ta9 rival ( m9e4 ,s !n ,i return$ to ,melun1 & set up my s*ool !re z be=e2 & ! m op5ly 8 envy pursu$ me1 ! great] 0 ! au?ority x conf]r$ ^u me4 ,ev5 s held ! poet3 ,jeal\sy aims at ! peaks2 ! w9ds /orm ! l(tie/ summits4 7,ovid3 ,rem$y = ,love1 ,i1 #cfi47 ,n long !reaft]1 :5 ,william became aw>e ( ! fact t almo/ all 8 /ud5ts 7 hold+ grave d\bts z to 8 religion1 & 7 :isp]+ e>ne/ly among !mselves ab\t 8 conv]sion1 deem+ t he _h by no means ab&on$ ?is _w1 he )drew himself & 8 bro!rhood1 toge!r ) 8 /ud5ts1 to a c]ta9 e/ate f> di/ant f ! city4 ,=?) ,i return$ f ,melun to ,p>is1 hop+ = peace f him 9 ! future4 ,b s9ce1 z ,i h said1 he _h caus$ my place to be occupi$ by a rival ( m9e1 ,i pit*$ ! camp1 z x 71 ( my s*ool outside ! city on ,mont ,/e4 ,g5evive4 ,?us ,i 0 z "o lay+ siege to him :o _h tak5 possession ( my po/4 ,no soon] _h my ma/] he>d ( ?is ?an he braz5ly return$ po/ ha/e to ! city1 br++ back ) him su* /ud5ts z he c\ld1 & re9/at+ 8 bro!rhood 9 _! = m] mona/]y1 mu* z if he w\ld free 8 soldi]y1 :om he _h des]t$1 f my blockade4 ,9 tru?1 ?\gh1 if x 0 8 purpose to br+ !m succ\r1 he did n\ght b hurt !m4 ,be=e t "t my rival _h inde$ _h a c]ta9 numb] ( /ud5ts1 ( "o sort & ano!r1 *iefly by reason ( 8 lectures on ,priscian1 9 :i* he 0 consid]$ ( great au?ority4 ,aft] our ma/] _h return$1 h[ev]1 he lo/ ne>ly all ( ^! foll[]s1 & ?us 0 compell$ to give up ! direction ( ! s*ool4 ,n long !reaft]1 app>5tly despair+ fur!r ( worldly fame1 he 0 conv]t$ to ! mona/ic life4 ,foll[+ ! return ( our ma/] to ! city1 ! combats 9 disputation :i* my s*ol>s wag$ bo? ) him himself & ) 8 pupils1 & ! successes :i* =tune gave to u1 & above all to me1 9 ^! w>s1 y h long s9ce le>n$ ( ?r\gh y\r own exp]i5ce4 ,! boa/ ( ,ajax1 ?\gh ,i speak x m temp]ately1 ,i /ill am bold en\gh to make3 444 if fa9 y w\ld le>n n[ ,h[ victory cr[n$ ! battle1 by him 0 ,i nev] vanqui%$4 7,ovid1 ,metamorphoses1 ,,xiii1 #hi47 ,b ev5 7 ,i to be sil5t1 ! fact proclaims itself1 & its outcome reveals ! tru? reg>d+ x4 ,:ile ^! ?+s 7 happ5+1 x became ne$ful = me aga9 to repair to my old home1 by reason ( my de> "m1 ,lucia1 = aft] ! conv]sion ( my fa!r1 ,b]5g>ius1 to ! mona/ic life1 %e s ord]$ h] affairs z to d likewise4 ,:5 all ?is _h be5 complet$1 ,i return$ to ,france1 above all 9 ord] t ,i might /udy !ology1 s9ce n[ my (t-m5tion$ tea*]1 ,william1 0 active 9 ! episcopate ( ,*lons4 ,9 ?is held ( le>n+ ,anselm ( ,laon1 :o 0 8 tea*] !re91 _h = long ye>s enjoy$ ! greate/ r5[n4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,( ,,h[ ,,he ,,came ,,to ,,laon ,,to ,,seek ,,anselm ,,z ,,tea*] ,s\ght out1 !re=e1 ?is same v5]able man1 ^: fame1 9 tru?1 0 m ! result ( long-e/abli%$ cu/om ?an ( ! pot5cy ( 8 own tal5t or intellect4 ,if any "o came to him impell$ by d\bt on any subject1 he w5t away m d\btful /ill4 ,he 0 wond]ful1 inde$1 9 ! eyes ( ^! :o only li/5$ to him1 b ^? :o ask$ him que/ions p]=ce held him z n\ght4 ,he _h a miracul\s flock ( words1 b !y 7 contemptible 9 mean+ & q void ( reason4 ,:5 he k9dl$ a fire1 he fill$ 8 h\se ) smoke & illum9$ x n at all4 ,he 0 a tree :i* seem$ noble to ^? :o gaz$ ^u its leaves f af>1 b to ^? :o came ne>] & exam9$ x m closely 0 reveal$ its b>r5ness4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,i _h come to ?is tree t ,i might pluck ! fruit !re(1 ,i discov]$ t x 0 inde$ ! fig tree :i* ,our ,"l curs$ 7,mat!w xxi1 #ai2 ,m>k xi1 #ac71 or t anci5t oak to :i* ,lucan lik5$ ,pompey1 say+3 444 he /&s1 ! %ade ( a "n once mighty1 ,l to ! t[]+ oak 9 ! mid/ ( ! fruitful field4 7,lucan1 ,ph>salia1 ,,iv1 #ace47 ,x 0 n long be=e ,i made ?is discov]y1 & /ret*$ myself lazily 9 ! %ade ( t same tree4 ,i w5t to 8 lectures less & less (t51 a ?+ :i* "s among 8 em95t foll[]s took sorely to he>t1 because !y int]pret$ x z a m>k ( contempt = s illu/ri\s a tea*]4 ,!nce=? !y secretly s\ght to influ5ce him aga9/ me1 & by _! vile ins9uations made me hat$ ( him4 ,x *anc$1 moreov]1 t "o day1 aft] ! exposition ( c]ta9 texts1 we s*ol>s 7 je/+ among ourselves1 & "o ( !m1 seek+ to draw me out1 ask$ me :at ,i ?\ght ( ! lectures on ! ,books ( ,scripture4 ,i1 :o _h z yet /udi$ only ! sci5ces1 repli$ t foll[+ su* lectures seem$ to me mo/ useful 9 s f> z ! salvation ( ! s\l 0 conc]n$1 b t x appe>$ q extraord9>y to me t educat$ p]sons %\ld n be able to und]/& ! sacr$ books simply by /udy+ !m !mselves1 toge!r ) ! glosses !reon1 & )\t ! aid ( any tea*]4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o 7 pres5t mock$ at me1 & ask$ :e!r ,i myself c\ld d z ,i _h said1 or :e!r ,i w\ld d>e to und]take x4 ,i answ]$ t if !y wi%$1 ,i 0 ready to try x4 ,=?) !y cri$ out & je]$ all ! m4 ,well & good1 said !y2 we agree to ! te/4 ,pick out & give u an exposition ( "s d\btful passage 9 ! ,scriptures1 s t we c put ?is boa/ ( y\rs to ! pro(4 ,& !y all *ose t mo/ obscure prophecy ( ,ezekiel4 ,i accept$ ! *all5ge1 & invit$ !m to att5d a lecture on ! v next day4 ,:]eupon !y und]took to give me good advice1 say+ t ,i %\ld by no means make undue ha/e 9 s important a matt]1 b t ,i ought to devote a mu* lon] space to work+ out my exposition & (fsett+ my inexp]i5ce by dilig5t toil4 ,to ?is ,i repli$ indignantly t x 0 my wont to w9 success1 n by r\t9e1 b by ability4 ,i add$ t ,i w\ld ab&on ! te/ altoge!r unless !y w\ld agree n to put (f _! att5dance at my lecture4 ,9 tru? at ?is fir/ lecture ( m9e only a few 7 pres5t1 = x seem$ q absurd to all ( !m t ,i1 hi!rto s inexp]i5c$ 9 discuss+ ! ,scriptures1 %\ld attempt ! ?+ s ha/ily4 ,h[ev]1 ?is lecture gave su* satisfaction to all ^? :o he>d x t !y spread its praises abroad ) notable en?usiasm1 & ?us compell$ me to cont9ue my int]pretation ( ! sacr$ text4 ,:5 ^w ( ?is 0 bruit$ ab\t1 ^? :o _h /ay$ away f ! fir/ lecture came eag]ly1 "s to ! second & m to ! ?ird1 & all ( !m 7 eag] to write d[n ! glosses :i* ,i _h begun on ! fir/ day1 s z to h !m f ! v beg9n+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,( ,,! ,,p]secution ,,he ,,_h ,,f ,,8 ,,tea*] ,,anselm ,n[ ?is v5]able man ( :om ,i h spok5 0 acutely smitt5 ) envy1 & /raightway incit$1 z ,i h already m5tion$1 by ! ins9uations ( sundry p]sons1 began to p]secute me = my lectur+ on ! ,scriptures no less bitt]ly ?an my =m] ma/]1 ,william1 _h done = my "w 9 philosophy4 ,at t "t !re 7 9 ?is old man's s*ool two :o 7 consid]$ f> to excel all ! o!rs3 ,alb]ic ( ,rheims & ,lotulphe ! ,lomb>d4 ,! bett] op9ion ^! two held ( !mselves1 ! m !y 7 inc5s$ aga9/ me4 ,*iefly at _! sugge/ion1 z x aft]w>ds transpir$1 yond] v5]able c[>d _h ! impud5ce to =bid me to c>ry on any fur!r 9 8 s*ool ! "w ( prep>+ glosses :i* ,i _h ?us begun4 ,! pretext he alleg$ 0 t if by *ance 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w ,i %\ld write any?+ conta9+ blund]s--z 0 likely en\gh 9 view ( my lack ( tra9+--! ?+ might be imput$ to him4 ,:5 ?is came to ! e>s ( 8 s*ol>s1 !y 7 fill$ ) indignation at s undisguis$ a manife/ation ( spite1 ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 direct$ aga9/ any "o be=e4 ,! m obvi\s ?is ranc\r became1 ! m x r$\nd$ to my hon\r1 & 8 p]secution did n\ght save to make me m fam\s4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,( ,,h[ ,,he ,,return$ ,,to ,,p>is ,,& ,,f9i%$ ,,! ,,glosses ,,:i* ,,he ,,_h ,,begun ,,at ,,laon ,& s1 aft] a few days1 ,i return$ to ,p>is1 & !re = sev]al ye>s ,i peacefully direct$ ! s*ool :i* =m]ly _h be5 de/9$ = me1 nay1 ev5 (f]$ to me1 b f :i* ,i _h be5 driv5 out4 ,at ! v outset ( my "w !re1 ,i set ab\t complet+ ! glosses on ,ezekiel :i* ,i _h begun at ,laon4 ,^! prov$ s satisfactory to all :o read !m t !y came to believe me no less adept 9 lectur+ on !ology ?an ,i _h prov$ myself to be 9 ! held ( philosophy4 ,?us my s*ool 0 notably increas$ 9 size by reason ( my lectures on subjects ( bo? ^! k9ds1 & ! am\nt ( f9ancial pr(it z well z glory :i* x br\ght me _c be conceal$ f y1 = ! matt] 0 widely talk$ (4 ,b prosp]ity always puffs up ! fooli%1 & worldly com=t en]vates ! s\l1 r5d]+ x an easy prey to c>nal temptations4 ,?us ,i1 :o by ?is "t _h come to reg>d myself z ! only philosoph] rema9+ 9 ! :ole _w1 & _h ceas$ to fe> any fur!r di/urbance ( my peace1 began to loos5 ! re9 on my desires1 al?\gh hi!rto ,i _h always liv$ 9 ! utmo/ cont95ce4 ,& ! great] progress ,i made 9 my lectur+ on philosophy or !ology1 ! m ,i dep>t$ alike f ! practice ( ! philosoph]s & ! _s ( ! div9es 9 ! uncleanness ( my life4 ,= x is well kn[n1 me?9ks1 t philosoph]s1 & /ill m ^? :o h devot$ _! lives to ar\s+ ! love ( sacr$ /udy1 h be5 /rong above all else 9 ! beauty ( *a/ity4 ,?us did x come to pass t :ile ,i 0 utt]ly absorb$ 9 pride & s5suality1 div9e grace1 ! cure = bo? diseases1 0 =c$ ^u me1 ev5 ?\gh ,i1 =soo?1 w\ld fa9 h %unn$ x4 ,fir/ 0 ,i puni%$ = my s5suality1 & !n = my pride4 ,= my s5suality ,i lo/ ^? ?+s :]eby ,i practic$ x2 = my pride1 eng5d]$ 9 me by my k ( lett]s--& x is ev5 z ! ,apo/le said3 ,k puffe? itself up 7,i ,cor4 viii1 #a7--;,i knew ! humiliation ( see+ burn$ ! v book 9 :i* ,i mo/ glori$4 ,& n[ x is my desire t y %\ld "k ! /ories ( ^! two happ5+s1 und]/&+ !m m truly f le>n+ ! v facts ?an f he>+ :at is spok5 ( !m1 & 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y came ab\t4 ,because ,i _h ev] held 9 abhorr5ce ! f\lness ( pro/itutes1 because ,i _h dilig5tly kept myself f all excesses & f association ) ! wom5 ( noble bir? :o att5d$ ! s*ool1 because ,i knew s little ( ! common talk ( ord9>y p1 p]v]se & subtly flatt]+ *ance gave bir? to an occasion = ca/+ me lightly d[n f ! heights ( my own exaltation4 ,nay1 9 su* case n ev5 div9e goodness c\ld r$eem "o :o1 hav+ be5 s pr\d1 0 br\ght to su* %ame1 7 x n = ! bless$ gift ( grace4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,( ,,h[1 ,,br\ght ,,l[ ,,by ,,8 ,,love ,,= ,h,,loise1 ,,he ,,0 ,,w\nd$ ,,9 ,,body ,,& ,,s\l ,n[ !re dwelt 9 t same city ( ,p>is a c]ta9 "y girl nam$ ,hlose1 ! niece ( a canon :o 0 call$ ,fulb]t4 ,h] uncle's love = h] 0 equall$ only by 8 desire t %e %\ld h ! be/ education :i* he c\ld possibly procure = h]4 ,( no mean beauty1 %e /ood out above all by reason ( h] abundant k ( lett]s4 ,n[ ?is virtue is r>e among wom51 & = t v reason x d\bly grac$ ! maid51 & made h] ! mo/ wor?y ( r5[n 9 ! entire k+dom4 ,x 0 ?is "y girl :om ,i1 aft] c>efully consid]+ all ^? qualities :i* are wont to attract lov]s1 det]m9$ to unite ) myself 9 ! bonds ( love1 & inde$ ! ?+ seem$ to me v easy to be done4 ,s di/+ui%$ 0 my "n1 & ,i possess$ su* advantages ( y\? & comel9ess1 t no matt] :at woman ,i might fav\r ) my love1 ,i dread$ rejection ( none4 ,!n1 too1 ,i believ$ t ,i c\ld w9 ! maid5's cons5t all ! m easily by reason ( h] k ( lett]s & h] zeal !re=2 s1 ev5 if we 7 p>t$1 we might yet be toge!r 9 ?\ght ) ! aid ( writt5 messages4 ,p]*ance1 too1 we might be able to write m boldly ?an we c\ld speak1 & ?us at all times c\ld we live 9 joy\s intimacy4 ,?us1 utt]ly aflame ) my passion = ?is maid51 ,i s\ght to discov] means :]eby ,i might h daily & famili> spee* ) h]1 !reby ! m easily to w9 h] cons5t4 ,= ?is purpose ,i p]suad$ ! girl's uncle1 ) ! aid ( "s ( 8 fri5ds1 to take me into 8 h\sehold--= he dwelt h>d by my s*ool--9 return = ! paym5t ( a small sum4 ,my pretext = ?is 0 t ! c>e ( my own h\sehold 0 a s]i\s h&icap to my /udies1 & likewise burd5$ me ) an exp5se f> great] ?an ,i c\ld af=d4 ,n[1 he 0 a man ke5 9 av>ice1 & likewise he 0 mo/ desir\s = 8 niece t h] /udy ( lett]s %\ld ev] g =w>d1 s1 = ^! two reasons1 ,i easily won 8 cons5t to ! fulfillm5t ( my wi%1 = he 0 fairly agape = my money1 & at ! same "t believ$ t 8 niece w\ld va/ly b5efit by my tea*+4 ,m ev5 ?an ?is1 by 8 own e>ne/ entreaties he fell 9 ) my desires beyond any?+ ,i _h d>$ to hope1 op5+ ! way = my love2 = he entru/$ h] :olly to my guidance1 begg+ me to give h] in/ruction :5soev] ,i might be free f ! duties ( my s*ool1 no matt] :e!r by day or by night1 & to puni% h] /]nly if ev] ,i %\ld f9d h] neglig5t ( h] tasks4 ,9 all ?is ! man's simplicity 0 no?+ %ort ( a/\nd+ to me2 ,i %\ld n h be5 m smitt5 ) wond] if he _h entru/$ a t5d] lamb to ! c>e ( a rav5\s wolf4 ,:5 he _h ?us giv5 h] into my *>ge1 n alone to be taught b ev5 to be discipl9$1 :at _h he done save to give free scope to my desires1 & to (f] me e opportunity1 ev5 if ,i _h n s\ght x1 to b5d h] to my w ) ?reats & bl[s if ,i fail$ to d s ) c>esses8 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 two ?+s :i* p>ticul>ly s]v$ to allay any f\l suspicion3 8 own love = 8 niece1 & my =m] reputation = cont95ce4 ,:y %\ld ,i say m3 ,we 7 unit$ fir/ 9 ! dwell+ t %elt]$ our love1 & !n 9 ! he>ts t burn$ ) x4 ,"u ! pretext ( /udy we sp5t our h\rs 9 ! happ9ess ( love1 & le>n+ held out to u ! secret opportunities t our passion crav$4 ,our spee* 0 m ( love ?an ( ! book :i* lay op5 be=e u2 our kisses f> outnumb]$ our reason$ words4 ,our h&s s\ght less ! book ?an ea* o!r's bosoms2 love drew our eyes toge!r f> m ?an ! lesson drew !m to ! pages ( our text4 ,9 ord] t !re might be no suspicion1 !re 71 inde$1 sometimes bl[s1 b love gave !m1 n ang]2 !y 7 ! m>ks1 n ( wra?1 b ( a t5d]ness surpass+ ! mo/ fragrant balm 9 sweetness4 ,:at foll[$8 ,no degree 9 love's progress 0 left untri$ by our passion1 & if love itself c\ld imag9e any wond] z yet unkn[n1 we discov]$ x4 ,& our inexp]i5ce ( su* delights made u all ! m ard5t 9 our pursuit ( !m1 s t our ?ir/ = "o ano!r 0 /ill unqu5*$4 ,9 measure z ?is passionate rapture absorb$ me m & m1 ,i devot$ ev] less "t to philosophy & to ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,inde$ x became loa?some to me to g to ! s*ool or to l+] !re2 ! lab\r1 moreov]1 0 v burd5some1 s9ce my nights 7 vigils ( love & my days ( /udy4 ,my lectur+ became utt]ly c>eless & lukew>m2 ,i did no?+ because ( inspiration1 b ev]y?+ m]ely z a matt] ( habit4 ,i _h become no?+ m ?an a recit] ( my =m] discov]ies1 & ?\gh ,i /ill wrote poems1 !y dealt ) love1 n ) ! secrets ( philosophy4 ,( ^! songs y y\rself well "k h[ "s h become widely kn[n & h be5 sung 9 _m l&s1 *iefly1 me?9ks1 by ^? :o delight$ 9 ! ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,z = ! sorr[1 ! groans1 ! lam5tations ( my /ud5ts :5 !y p]ceiv$ ! preoccupation1 nay1 r ! *aos1 ( my m9d1 x is h>d ev5 to imag9e !m4 ,a ?+ s manife/ c\ld deceive only a few1 no "o1 me?9ks1 save him ^: %ame x *iefly bespoke1 ! girl's uncle1 ,fulb]t4 ,! tru? 0 (t5 en\gh h9t$ to him1 & by _m p]sons1 b he c\ld n believe x1 p>tly1 z ,i h said1 by reason ( 8 b\ndless love = 8 niece1 & p>tly because ( ! well-kn[n cont95ce ( my previ\s life4 ,inde$ we d n easily suspect %ame 9 ^? :om we mo/ *]i%1 nor c !re be ! blot ( f\l suspicion on devot$ love4 ,( ?is ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 epi/le to ,sab9ianus 7,epi/4 #dh7 says3 ,we are wont to be ! la/ to "k ! evils ( our own h\seholds1 & to be ignorant ( ! s9s ( our *ildr5 & our wives1 ?\gh our neighb\rs s+ !m al\d4 ,b no matt] h[ sl[ a matt] may be 9 disclos+ itself1 x is sure to come =? at la/1 nor is x easy to hide f "o :at is kn[n to all4 ,s1 aft] ! lapse ( sev]al mon?s1 did x happ5 ) u4 ,oh1 h[ great 0 ! uncle's grief :5 he le>n$ ! tru?1 & h[ bitt] 0 ! sorr[ ( ! lov]s :5 we 7 =c$ to "p6 ,) :at %ame 0 ,i ov]:elm$1 ) :at contrition smitt5 because ( ! bl[ :i* _h fall5 on h] ,i lov$1 & :at a tempe/ ( mis]y bur/ ov] h] by reason ( my disgrace6 ,ea* griev$ mo/1 n = himself1 b = ! o!r4 ,ea* s\ght to allay1 n 8 own suff]+s1 b ^? ( ! "o he lov$4 ,! v sund]+ ( our bodies s]v$ b to l9k our s\ls clos] toge!r2 ! pl5titude ( ! love :i* 0 d5i$ to u inflam$ u m ?an ev]4 ,once ! fir/ wildness ( %ame _h pass$1 x left u m %ameless ?an be=e1 & z %ame di$ )9 u ! cause ( x seem$ to u ev] m desirable4 ,& s x *anc$ ) u z1 9 ! /ories t ! poets tell1 x once happ5$ ) ,m>s & ,v5us :5 !y 7 caught toge!r4 ,x 0 n long aft] ?is t ,hlose f\nd t %e 0 pregnant1 & ( ?is %e wrote to me 9 ! utmo/ exultation1 at ! same "t ask+ me to consid] :at _h be/ be done4 ,accord+ly1 on a night :5 h] uncle 0 abs5t1 we c>ri$ out ! plan we _h det]m9$ on1 & ,i /ole h] secretly away f h] uncle's h\se1 s5d+ h] )\t delay to my own c\ntry4 ,%e rema9$ !re ) my si/] until %e gave bir? to a son1 :om %e nam$ ,a/rolabe4 ,mean:ile h] uncle1 aft] 8 return1 0 almo/ mad ) grief2 only "o :o _h !n se5 him c\ld rightly guess ! burn+ agony ( 8 sorr[ & ! bitt]ness ( 8 %ame4 ,:at /eps to take aga9/ me1 or :at sn>es to set = me1 he did n "k4 ,if he %\ld kill me or d me "s bodily hurt1 he fe>$ greatly le/ 8 de>-lov$ niece %\ld be made to suff] = x among my k9sfolk4 ,he _h no p[] to seize me & imprison me some:]e aga9/ my w1 ?\gh ,i make no d\bt he w\ld h done s quickly en\gh _h he be5 able or d>$1 = ,i _h tak5 measures to gu>d aga9/ any su* attempt4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 9 pity = 8 b\ndless grief1 & bitt]ly blam+ myself = ! suff]+ :i* my love _h br\ght ^u him ?r\gh ! bas5ess ( ! deception ,i _h practic$1 ,i w5t to him to entreat 8 =giv5ess1 promis+ to make any am5ds t he himself might decree4 ,i po9t$ out t :at _h happ5$ c\ld n seem incr$ible to any "o :o _h ev] felt ! p[] ( love1 or :o rememb]$ h[1 f ! v beg9n+ ( ! human race1 wom5 _h ca/ d[n ev5 ! noble/ m5 to utt] ru94 ,& 9 ord] to make am5ds ev5 beyond 8 extreme/ hope1 ,i (f]$ to m>ry h] :om ,i _h s$uc$1 provid$ only ! ?+ c\ld be kept secret1 s t ,i might suff] no loss ( reputation !reby4 ,to ?is he gladly ass5t$1 pl$g+ 8 own fai? & t ( 8 k9dr$1 & seal+ ) kisses ! pact :i* ,i _h s\ght ( him--& all ?is t he might ! m easily betray me4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,( ,,! ,,argum5ts ,,( ,h,,lo,,se ,,aga9/ ,,w$lock--,,( ,,h[ ,,none ,,! ,,less ,,he ,,made ,,h] ,,8 ,,wife ,=?) ,i repair$ to my own c\ntry1 & br\ght back !nce my mi/ress1 t ,i might make h] my wife4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 mo/ viol5tly disapprov$ ( ?is1 & = two *ief reasons3 ! dang] !re(1 & ! disgrace :i* x w\ld br+ ^u me4 ,%e swore t h] uncle w\ld nev] be appeas$ by su* satisfaction z ?is1 z1 inde$1 aft]w>ds prov$ only too true4 ,%e ask$ h[ %e c\ld ev] glory 9 me if %e %\ld make me ?us +lori\s1 & %\ld %ame h]self along ) me4 ,:at p5alties1 %e said1 w\ld ! _w rightly dem& ( h] if %e %\ld rob x ( s %9+ a light6 ,:at curses w\ld foll[ su* a loss to ! ,*ur*1 :at te>s among ! philosoph]s w\ld result f su* a m>riage6 ,h[ unfitt+1 h[ lam5table x w\ld be = me1 :om nature _h made = ! :ole _w1 to devote myself to "o woman solely1 & to subject myself to su* humiliation6 ,%e vehem5tly reject$ ?is m>riage1 :i* %e felt w\ld be 9 e way ignom9i\s & burd5some to me4 ,besides dwell+ ?us on ! disgrace to me1 %e rem9d$ me ( ! h>d%ips ( m>ri$ life1 to ! avoidance ( :i* ! ,apo/le exhorts u1 say+3 ,art ?\ loos$ f a wife8 seek n a wife4 ,b & if ?\ m>ry1 ?\ ha/ n s9n$2 & if a virg9 m>ry1 %e ha? n s9n$4 ,nev]!less su* %all h tr\ble 9 ! fle%3 b ,i sp>e y 7,i ,cor4 vii1 #bg74 ,& aga93 ,b ,i w\ld h y to be free f c>es 7,i ,cor4 vii1 #cb74 ,b if ,i w\ld he$ nei!r ! c\nsel ( ! ,apo/le nor ! exhortations ( ! sa9ts reg>d+ ?is heavy yoke ( matrimony1 %e bade me at lea/ consid] ! advice ( ! philosoph]s1 & weigh c>efully :at _h be5 writt5 on ?is subject ei!r by !m or conc]n+ _! lives4 ,ev5 ! sa9ts !mselves h (t5 & e>ne/ly spok5 on ?is subject = ! purpose ( w>n+ u4 ,?us ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 8 fir/ book aga9/ ,jov9ianus1 makes ,!ophra/us set =? 9 great detail ! intol]able annoyances & ! endless di/urbances ( m>ri$ life1 demon/rat+ ) ! mo/ conv9c+ argum5ts t no wise man %\ld ev] h a wife1 & conclud+ 8 reasons = ?is philosophic exhortation ) ^! words3 ,:o among ,*ri/ians w\ld n be ov]:elm$ by su* argum5ts z ^! advanc$ by ,!ophra/us8 ,aga91 9 ! same "w1 ,/4 ,j]ome tells h[ ,cic]o1 ask$ by ,hircius aft] 8 divorce ( ,t]5tia :e!r he w\ld m>ry ! si/] ( ,hircius1 repli$ t he w\ld d no su* ?+1 say+ t he c\ld n devote himself to a wife & to philosophy at ! same "t4 ,cic]o does n1 inde$1 precisely speak ( devot+ himself1 b he does add t he did n wi% to und]take any?+ :i* might rival 8 /udy ( philosophy 9 its dem&s ^u him4 ,!n1 turn+ f ! consid]ation ( su* h9drances to ! /udy ( philosophy1 ,hlose bade me obs]ve :at 7 ! conditions ( hon\rable w$lock4 ,:at possible concord c\ld !re be betwe5 s*ol>s & dome/ics1 betwe5 au?ors & cradles1 betwe5 books or tablets & di/affs1 betwe5 ! /ylus or ! p5 & ! sp9dle8 ,:at man1 int5t on 8 religi\s or philosophical m$itations1 c possibly endure ! :9+ ( *ildr51 ! lullabies ( ! nurse seek+ to quiet !m1 or ! noisy confusion ( family life8 ,:o c endure ! cont9ual untid9ess ( *ildr58 ,! ri*1 y may reply1 c d ?is1 because !y h palaces or h\ses conta9+ _m rooms1 & because _! weal? takes no ?\ght ( exp5se & protects !m f daily worries4 ,b to ?is ! answ] is t ! condition ( philosoph]s is by no means t ( ! weal?y1 nor c ^? ^: m9ds are occupi$ ) ri*es & worldly c>es f9d "t = religi\s or philosophical /udy4 ,= ?is reason ! r5[n$ philosoph]s ( old utt]ly despis$ ! _w1 flee+ f its p]ils r ?an reluctantly giv+ !m up1 & d5i$ !mselves all its delights 9 ord] t !y might repose 9 ! embraces ( philosophy alone4 ,"o ( !m1 & ! greate/ ( all1 ,s5eca1 9 8 advice to ,lucilius1 says3 ,philosophy is n a ?+ to be /udi$ only 9 h\rs ( leisure2 we mu/ give up ev]y?+ else to devote ourselves to x1 = no am\nt ( "t is really suffici5t !reto 7,epi/4 #gc74 ,x matt]s little1 %e po9t$ out1 :e!r "o ab&ons ! /udy ( philosophy completely or m]ely int]rupts x1 = x c nev] rema9 at ! po9t :]e x 0 ?us int]rupt$4 ,all o!r occupations mu/ be resi/$2 x is va9 to seek to adju/ life to include !m1 & !y mu/ simply be elim9at$4 ,?is view is ma9ta9$1 = example1 9 ! love ( ,god by ^? among u :o are truly call$ mona/ics1 & 9 ! love ( wisdom by all ^? :o h /ood out among m5 z s9c]e philosoph]s4 ,= 9 e race1 g5tiles or ,jews or ,*ri/ians1 !re h always be5 a few :o excell$ _! fell[s 9 fai? or 9 ! purity ( _! lives1 & :o 7 set ap>t f ! multitude by _! cont95ce or by _! ab/95ce f worldly pleasures4 ,among ! ,jews ( old !re 7 ! ,naz>ites1 :o consecrat$ !mselves to ! ,"l1 "s ( !m ! sons ( ! prophet ,elias & o!rs ! foll[]s ( ,eliseus1 ! monks ( :om1 on ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,j]ome 7,epi/4 #d & #ac71 we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,m rec5tly !re 7 ! ?ree philosophical sects :i* ,josephus def9es 9 8 ,book ( ,antiquities 7xviii1 #b71 call+ !m ! ,ph>isees1 ! ,sadducees & ! ,ess5es4 ,9 our times1 fur!rmore1 !re are ! monks :o imitate ei!r ! communal life ( ! ,apo/les or ! e>li] & solit>y life ( ,john4 ,among ! g5tiles !re are1 z has be5 said1 ! philosoph]s4 ,did !y n apply ! "n ( wisdom or philosophy z mu* to ! religion ( life z to ! pursuit ( le>n+1 z we f9d f ! orig9 ( ! ^w itself1 & likewise f ! te/imony ( ! sa9ts8 ,!re is a passage on ?is subject 9 ! eigh? book ( ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god1 :]e9 he di/+ui%es betwe5 ! v>i\s s*ools ( philosophy4 ,! ,italian s*ool1 he says1 _h z its f\nd] ,py?agoras ( ,samos1 :o1 x is said1 orig9at$ ! v ^w 'philosophy4' ,be=e 8 "t ^? :o 7 reg>d$ z conspicu\s = ! praisewor?9ess ( _! lives 7 call$ wise m51 b he1 on be+ ask$ ( 8 pr(ession1 repli$ t he 0 a philosoph]1 t is to say a /ud5t or a lov] ( wisdom1 because x seem$ to him unduly boa/ful to call himself a wise man4 ,9 ?is passage1 !re=e1 :5 ! phrase conspicu\s = ! praisewor?9ess ( _! lives is us$1 x is evid5t t ! wise1 9 o!r words ! philosoph]s1 7 s call$ less because ( _! erudition ?an by reason ( _! virtu\s lives4 ,9 :at sobriety & cont95ce ^! m5 liv$ x is n = me to prove by illu/ration1 le/ ,i %\ld seem to in/ruct ,m9]va h]self4 ,n[1 %e add$1 if laym5 & g5tiles1 b\nd by no pr(ession ( religion1 liv$ aft] ?is fa%ion1 :at ought y1 a cl]ic & a canon1 to d 9 ord] n to pref] base voluptu\sness to y\r sacr$ duties1 to prev5t ?is ,*>ybdis f suck+ y d[n headlong1 & to save y\rself f be+ plung$ %amelessly & irrevocably into su* fil? z ?is8 ,if y c>e no?+ = y\r privileges z a cl]ic1 at lea/ uphold y\r dignity z a philosoph]4 ,if y scorn ! rev]5ce due to ,god1 let reg>d = y\r reputation temp] y\r %amelessness4 ,rememb] t ,socrates 0 *a9$ to a wife1 & by :at a fil?y accid5t he himself paid = ?is blot on philosophy1 9 ord] t o!rs !reaft] might be made m cauti\s by 8 example4 ,j]ome ?us m5tions ?is affair1 writ+ ab\t ,socrates 9 8 fir/ book aga9/ ,jov9ianus3 ,once :5 he 0 )/&+ a /orm ( reproa*es :i* ,xantippe 0 hurl+ at him f an upp] /ory1 he 0 sudd5ly dr5*$ ) f\l slops2 wip+ 8 head1 he said only1 ',i knew !re w\ld be a %[] aft] all t ?und]4' ,h] f9al argum5t 0 t x w\ld be dang]\s = me to take h] back to ,p>is1 & t x w\ld be f> sweet] = h] to be call$ my mi/ress ?an to be kn[n z my wife2 nay1 too1 t ?is w\ld be m hon\rable = me z well4 ,9 su* case1 %e said1 love alone w\ld hold me to h]1 & ! /r5g? ( ! m>riage *a9 w\ld n con/ra9 u4 ,ev5 if we %\ld by *ance be p>t$ f "t to "t1 ! joy ( our meet+s w\ld be all ! sweet] by reason ( its r>ity4 ,b :5 %e f\nd t %e c\ld n conv9ce me or dissuade me f my folly by ^! & l argum5ts1 & because %e c\ld n be> to (f5d me1 ) griev\s sighs & te>s %e made an end ( h] resi/ance1 say+3 ,!n !re is no m left b ?is1 t 9 our doom ! sorr[ yet to come %all be no less ?an ! love we two h already kn[n4 ,nor 9 ?is1 z n[ ! :ole _w kn[s1 did %e lack ! _s ( prophecy4 ,s1 aft] our little son 0 born1 we left him 9 my si/]'s c>e1 & secretly return$ to ,p>is4 ,a few days lat]1 9 ! e>ly morn+1 hav+ kept our nocturnal vigil ( pray] unkn[n to all 9 a c]ta9 *ur*1 we 7 unit$ !re 9 ! b5$iction ( w$lock1 h] uncle & a few fri5ds ( 8 & m9e be+ pres5t4 ,we dep>t$ =?) /eal?ily & by sep>ate ways1 nor !reaft] did we see ea* o!r save r>ely & 9 private1 ?us /riv+ our utmo/ to conceal :at we _h done4 ,b h] uncle & ^? ( 8 h\sehold1 seek+ solace = _! disgrace1 began to divulge ! /ory ( our m>riage1 & !reby to violate ! pl$ge !y _h giv5 me on ?is po9t4 ,hlose1 on ! contr>y1 d5\nc$ h] own k9 & swore t !y 7 speak+ ! mo/ absolute lies4 ,h] uncle1 ar\s$ to fury !reby1 visit$ h] repeat$ly ) puni%m5ts4 ,no soon] _h ,i le>n$ ?is ?an ,i s5t h] to a conv5t ( nuns at ,arg5teuil1 n f> f ,p>is1 :]e %e h]self _h be5 br\ght up & educat$ z a "y girl4 ,i _h !m make ready = h] all ! g>m5ts ( a nun1 suitable = ! life ( a conv5t1 except+ only ! veil1 & ^! ,i bade h] put on4 ,:5 h] uncle & 8 k9sm5 he>d ( ?is1 !y 7 conv9c$ t n[ ,i _h completely play$ !m false & _h rid myself =ev] ( ,hlose by =c+ h] to become a nun4 ,viol5tly inc5s$1 !y laid a plot aga9/ me1 & "o night1 :ile ,i1 all unsuspect+1 0 asleep 9 a secret room 9 my lodg+s1 !y broke 9 ) ! help ( "o ( my s]vants1 :om !y _h brib$4 ,!re !y _h v5geance on me ) a mo/ cruel & mo/ %ameful puni%m5t1 su* z a/\nd$ ! :ole _w1 = !y cut (f ^? p>ts ( my body ) :i* ,i _h done t :i* 0 ! cause ( _! sorr[4 ,?is done1 /raightway !y fl$1 b two ( !m 7 captur$1 & suff]$ ! loss ( _! eyes & _! g5ital organs4 ,"o ( ^! two 0 ! a=esaid s]vant1 :o1 ev5 :ile he 0 /ill 9 my s]vice1 _h be5 l$ by 8 av>ice to betray me4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,( ,,! ,,suff]+ ,,( ,,8 ,,body--,,( ,,h[ ,,he ,,became ,a ,,monk ,,9 ,,! ,,mona/]y ,,( ,,/4 ,,d5is ,,& ,h,,loise ,a ,,nun ,,at ,,arg5teuil ,:5 morn+ came ! :ole city 0 assembl$ be=e my dwell+4 ,x is difficult1 nay1 impossible1 = words ( m9e to describe ! amazem5t :i* bewild]$ !m1 ! lam5tations !y utt]$1 ! upro> ) :i* !y h>ass$ me1 or ! grief ) :i* !y increas$ my own suff]+4 ,*iefly ! cl]ics1 & above all my s*ol>s1 tortur$ me ) _! intol]able lam5tations & outcries1 s t ,i suff]$ m int5sely f _! compassion ?an f ! pa9 ( my w\nd4 ,9 tru? ,i felt ! disgrace m ?an ! hurt to my body1 & 0 m afflict$ ) %ame ?an ) pa94 ,my incessant ?\ght 0 ( ! r5[n 9 :i* ,i _h s mu* delight$1 n[ br\ght l[1 nay1 utt]ly blott$ out1 s swiftly by an evil *ance4 ,i saw1 too1 h[ ju/ly ,god _h puni%$ me 9 t v "p ( my body :]eby ,i _h s9n$4 ,i p]ceiv$ t !re 0 inde$ ju/ice 9 my betrayal by him :om ,i _h myself already betray$2 & !n ,i ?\ght h[ eag]ly my rivals w\ld seize ^u ?is manife/ation ( ju/ice1 h[ ?is disgrace w\ld br+ bitt] & endur+ grief to my k9dr$ & my fri5ds1 & h[ ! tale ( ?is amaz+ outrage w\ld spread to ! v ends ( ! e>?4 ,:at pa? lay op5 to me !reaft]8 ,h[ c\ld ,i ev] aga9 hold up my head among m51 :5 e f+] %\ld be po9t$ at me 9 scorn1 e tongue speak my bli/]+ %ame1 & :5 ,i %\ld be a mon/r\s spectacle to all eyes8 ,i 0 ov]:elm$ by ! remembrance t1 accord+ to ! dread lett] ( ! law1 ,god holds eunu*s 9 su* abom9ation t m5 ?us maim$ are =bidd5 to ent] a *ur*1 ev5 z ! unclean & fil?y2 nay1 ev5 bea/s 9 su* plight 7 n acceptable z sacrifices4 ,?us 9 ,leviticus 7xxii1 #bd7 is x said3 ,ye %all n (f] unto ! ,"l t :i* ha? its /ones bruis$1 or cru%$1 or brok51 or cut4 ,& 9 ,deut]onomy 7xxiii1 #a71 ,he t is w\nd$ 9 ! /ones1 or ha? 8 privy memb] cut (f1 %all n ent] into ! congregation ( ! ,"l4 ,i mu/ confess t 9 my mis]y x 0 ! ov]:elm+ s5se ( my disgrace r ?an any ard\r = conv]sion to ! religi\s life t drove me to seek ! seclusion ( ! mona/ic cloi/]4 ,hlose _h already1 at my bidd+1 tak5 ! veil & ent]$ a conv5t4 ,?us x 0 t we bo? put on ! sacr$ g>b1 ,i 9 ! abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is1 & %e 9 ! conv5t ( ,arg5teuil1 ( :i* ,i h already spok54 ,%e1 ,i rememb] well1 :5 h] fond fri5ds s\ght va9ly to det] h] f submitt+ h] fre% y\? to ! heavy & almo/ intol]able yoke ( mona/ic life1 sobb+ & weep+ repli$ 9 ! words ( ,cornelia3 444 ,o husb& mo/ noble1 ,:o ne'er %\ld/ h %>$ my c\*6 ,has =tune su* p[] ,to smite s l(ty a head8 ,:y !n 0 ,i w$d$ ,only to br+ !e to woe8 ,receive n[ my sorr[1 ,! price ,i s gladly pay4 7,lucan1 ,ph>salia1 viii1 #id47 ,) ^! words on h] lips did %e g =?) to ! alt>1 & lift$ !refrom ! veil1 :i* _h be5 bless$ by ! bi%op1 & be=e !m all %e took ! v[s ( ! religi\s life4 ,= my "p1 sc>cely _h ,i recov]$ f my w\nd :5 cl]ics s\ght me 9 great numb]s1 endlessly besee*+ bo? my abbot & me myself t n[1 s9ce ,i 0 done ) le>n+ = ! sake ( ga9 or r5[n1 ,i %\ld turn to x = ! sole love ( ,god4 ,!y bade me c>e dilig5tly = ! tal5t :i* ,god _h committ$ to my keep+ 7,mat!w1 xxv1 #ae71 s9ce surely ,he w\ld dem& x back f me ) int]e/4 ,x 0 _! plea t1 inasmu* z ( old ,i _h lab\r$ *iefly 9 behalf ( ! ri*1 ,i %\ld n[ devote myself to ! tea*+ ( ! poor4 ,!re9 above all %\ld ,i p]ceive h[ x 0 ! h& ( ,god t _h t\*$ me1 :5 ,i %\ld devote my life to ! /udy ( lett]s 9 fre$om f ! sn>es ( ! fle% & )drawn f ! tumultu\s life ( ?is _w4 ,?us1 9 tru?1 %\ld ,i become a philosoph] less ( ?is _w ?an ( ,god4 ,! abbey1 h[ev]1 to :i* ,i _h betak5 myself 0 utt]ly worldly & 9 its life q sc&al\s4 ,! abbot himself 0 z f> bel[ 8 fell[s 9 8 way ( liv+ & 9 ! f\lness ( 8 reputation z he 0 above !m 9 prie/ly rank4 ,?is intol]able /ate ( ?+s ,i (t5 & vehem5tly d5\nc$1 sometimes 9 private talk & sometimes publicly1 b ! only result 0 t ,i made myself dete/$ ( !m all4 ,!y gladly laid hold ( ! daily eag]ness ( my /ud5ts to he> me z an excuse :]eby !y might be rid ( me2 & f9ally1 at ! insi/5t urg+ ( ! /ud5ts !mselves1 & ) ! he>ty cons5t ( ! abbot & ! re/ ( ! bro!rhood1 ,i dep>t$ !nce to a c]ta9 hut1 !re to tea* 9 my wont$ way4 ,to ?is place su* a ?rong ( /ud5ts flock$ t ! neighb\rhood c\ld n af=d %elt] = !m1 nor ! e>? suffici5t su/5ance4 ,"h1 z befitt$ my pr(ession1 ,i devot$ myself *iefly to lectures on !ology1 b ,i did n :olly ab&on ! tea*+ ( ! secul> arts1 to :i* ,i 0 m accu/om$1 & :i* 0 p>ticul>ly dem&$ ( me4 ,i us$ ! latt]1 h[ev]1 z a hook1 lur+ my /ud5ts by ! bait ( le>n+ to ! /udy ( ! true philosophy1 ev5 z ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory tells ( ,orig51 ! greate/ ( all ,*ri/ian philosoph]s4 ,s9ce app>5tly ! ,"l _h gift$ me ) no less p]suasiv5ess 9 exp\nd+ ! ,scriptures ?an 9 lectur+ on secul> subjects1 ! numb] ( my /ud5ts 9 ^! two c\rses began to increase greatly1 & ! att5dance at all ! o!r s*ools 0 correspond+ly dim9i%$4 ,?us ,i ar\s$ ! envy & hatr$ ( ! o!r tea*]s4 ,^? :o s\ght to belittle me 9 e possible way took advantage ( my abs5ce to br+ two pr9cipal *>ges aga9/ me3 fir/1 t x 0 contr>y to ! mona/ic pr(ession to be conc]n$ ) ! /udy ( secul> books2 &1 second1 t ,i _h presum$ to tea* !ology )\t ev] hav+ be5 taught !re9 myself4 ,?is !y did 9 ord] t my tea*+ ( e k9d might be prohibit$1 & to ?is end !y cont9ually /irr$ up bi%ops1 ar*bi%ops1 abbots & :atev] o!r dignit>ies ( ! ,*ur* !y c\ld rea*4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,( ,,8 ,,book ,,on ,,!ology ,,& ,,8 ,,p]secution ,,at ,,! ,,h&s ,,( ,,8 ,,fell[ ,,/ud5ts--,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,aga9/ ,,him ,x s happ5$ t at ! outset ,i devot$ myself to analyz+ ! basis ( our fai? ?r\gh illu/rations bas$ on human und]/&+1 & ,i wrote = my /ud5ts a c]ta9 tract on ! unity & tr9ity ( ,god4 ,?is ,i did because !y 7 always seek+ = rational & philosophical explanations1 ask+ r = reasons !y c\ld und]/& ?an = m]e words1 say+ t x 0 futile to utt] words :i* ! intellect c\ld n possibly foll[1 t no?+ c\ld be believ$ unless x c\ld fir/ be und]/ood1 & t x 0 absurd = any "o to prea* to o!rs a ?+ :i* nei!r he himself nor ^? :om he s\ght to tea* c\ld compreh5d4 ,our ,"l ,himself ma9ta9$ ?is same ?+ :5 ,he said3 ,!y are bl9d lead]s ( ! bl9d 7,mat!w1 xv1 #ad74 ,n[1 a great _m p saw & read ?is tract1 & x became exce$+ly popul>1 its cle>ness appeal+ p>ticul>ly to all :o s\ght in=mation on ?is subject4 ,& s9ce ! que/ions involv$ are g5]ally consid]$ ! mo/ difficult ( all1 _! complexity is tak5 z ! measure ( ! subtlety ( him :o succe$s 9 answ]+ !m4 ,z a result1 my rivals became furi\sly angry1 & summon$ a c\ncil to take action aga9/ me1 ! *ief in/igators !re9 be+ my two intrigu+ enemies ( =m] days1 ,alb]ic & ,lotulphe4 ,^! two1 n[ t bo? ,william & ,anselm1 our er/:ile tea*]s1 7 dead1 7 gre$y to reign 9 _! /ead1 &1 s to speak1 to succe$ !m z heirs4 ,:ile !y 7 direct+ ! s*ool at ,rheims1 !y manag$ by repeat$ h9ts to /ir up _! ar*bi%op1 ,rodolphe1 aga9/ me1 = ! purpose ( hold+ a meet+1 or r an ecclesia/ical c\ncil1 at ,soissons1 provid$ !y c\ld secure ! approval ( ,conon1 ,bi%op ( ,pra5e/e1 at t "t papal legate 9 ,france4 ,_! plan 0 to summon me to be pres5t at ?is c\ncil1 br++ ) me ! fam\s book ,i _h writt5 reg>d+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 all ?is1 inde$1 !y 7 successful1 & ! ?+ happ5$ accord+ to _! wi%es4 ,be=e ,i rea*$ ,soissons1 h[ev]1 ^! two rivals ( m9e s f\lly sl&]$ me ) bo? ! cl]gy & ! public t on ! day ( my arrival ! p came ne> to /on+ me & ! few /ud5ts ( m9e :o _h accompani$ me ?i!r4 ,! cause ( _! ang] 0 t !y _h be5 l$ to believe t ,i _h prea*$ & writt5 to prove ! exi/5ce ( ?ree gods4 ,no soon] _h ,i rea*$ ! city1 !re=e1 ?an ,i w5t =?) to ! legate2 to him ,i submitt$ my book = exam9ation & judgm5t1 decl>+ t if ,i _h writt5 any?+ repugnant to ! ,ca?olic fai?1 ,i 0 q ready to correct x or o!rwise to make satisfactory am5ds4 ,! legate direct$ me to ref] my book to ! ar*bi%op & to ^? same two rivals ( m9e1 to ! end t my accus]s might also be my judges4 ,s 9 my case 0 fulfill$ ! say+3 ,ev5 our enemies are our judges 7,deut4 ,xxxii1 #ca74 ,^! ?ree1 !n1 took my book & paw$ x ov] & exam9$ x m9utely1 b c\ld f9d no?+ !re9 :i* !y d>$ to use z ! basis = a public accusation aga9/ me4 ,accord+ly !y put (f ! condemnation ( ! book until ! close ( ! c\ncil1 despite _! eag]ness to br+ x ab\t4 ,= my "p1 ev]yday be=e ! c\ncil conv5$ ,i publicly discuss$ ! ,ca?olic fai? 9 ! light ( :at ,i _h writt51 & all :o he>d me 7 en?usia/ic 9 _! approval alike ( ! frankness & ! logic ( my words4 ,:5 ! public & ! cl]gy _h ?us le>n$ some?+ ( ! real "* ( my tea*+1 !y began to say to "o ano!r3 ,behold1 n[ he speaks op5ly1 & no "o br+s any *>ge aga9/ him4 ,& ?is c\ncil1 summon$1 z we h he>d1 *iefly to take action ^u 8 case1 is draw+ t[>d its end4 ,did ! judges realize t ! error might be !irs r ?an 88 ,z a result ( all ?is1 my rivals grew m angry day by day4 ,on "o occasion ,alb]ic1 accompani$ by "s ( 8 /ud5ts1 came to me = ! purpose ( intimidat+ me1 &1 aft] a few bl& words1 said t he 0 amaz$ at some?+ he _h f\nd 9 my book1 to ! effect t1 al?\gh ,god _h begott5 ,god1 ,i d5i$ t ,god _h begott5 ,himself1 s9ce !re 0 only "o ,god4 ,i answ]$ unhesitat+ly3 ,i c give y an explanation ( ?is if y wi% x4 ,nay1 he repli$1 ,i c>e no?+ = human explanation or reason+ 9 su* matt]s1 b only = ! words ( au?ority4 ,v well4 ,i said2 turn ! pages ( my book & y w f9d ! au?ority likewise4 ,! book 0 at h&1 = he _h br\ght x ) him4 ,i turn$ to ! passage ,i _h 9 m9d1 :i* he _h ei!r n discov]$ or else pass$ ov] z conta9+ no?+ injuri\s to me4 ,& x 0 ,god's w t ,i quickly f\nd :at ,i s\ght4 ,?is 0 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 "u ! head+ ,augu/9e1 ,on ! ,tr9ity1 ,book ,i3 ,:osoev] believes t x is )9 ! p[] ( ,god to beget ,himself is sorely 9 error2 ?is p[] is n 9 ,god1 nei!r is x 9 any creat$ ?+1 spiritual or corporeal4 ,= !re is no?+ t c give bir? to itself4 ,:5 ^? ( 8 foll[]s :o 7 pres5t he>d ?is1 !y 7 amaz$ & mu* emb>rass$4 ,he himself1 9 ord] to keep 8 c\nt5ance1 said3 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i und]/& all t4 ,!n ,i add$3 ,:at ,i h to say fur!r on ?is subject is by no means new1 b app>5tly x has no?+ to d ) ! case at issue1 s9ce y h ask$ = ! ^w ( au?ority only1 & n = explanations4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y c>e to consid] logical explanations1 ,i am prep>$ to demon/rate t1 accord+ to ,augu/9e's /atem5t1 y h y\rself fall5 into a h]esy 9 believ+ t a fa!r c possibly be 8 own son4 ,:5 ,alb]ic he>d ?is he 0 almo/ beside himself ) rage1 & /raightway resort$ to ?reats1 ass]t+ t nei!r my explanations nor my citations ( au?ority w\ld avail me aught 9 ?is case4 ,) ?is he left me4 ,on ! la/ day ( ! c\ncil1 be=e ! session conv5$1 ! legate & ! ar*bi%op delib]at$ ) my rivals & sundry o!rs z to :at %\ld be done ab\t me & my book1 ?is be+ ! *ief reason = _! hav+ come toge!r4 ,& s9ce !y _h discov]$ no?+ ei!r 9 my spee* or 9 :at ,i _h hi!rto writt5 :i* w\ld give !m a case aga9/ me1 !y 7 all r$uc$ to sil5ce1 or at ! mo/ to malign+ me 9 :isp]s4 ,!n ,ge(froi1 ,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 :o excell$ ! o!r bi%ops alike 9 ! s9c]ity ( 8 religion & 9 ! importance ( 8 see1 spoke ?us3 ,y "k1 my lords1 all :o are ga!r$ "h1 ! doctr9e ( ?is man1 :at x is1 & 8 ability1 :i* has br\ght him _m foll[]s 9 e field to :i* he has devot$ himself4 ,y "k h[ greatly he has less5$ ! r5[n ( o!r tea*]s1 bo? 8 ma/]s & our own1 & h[ he has spread z x 7 ! (f%oots ( 8 v9e f sea to sea4 ,n[1 if y impose a lightly consid]$ judgm5t on him1 z ,i _c believe y w1 y well "k t ev5 if mayhap y are 9 ! "r !re are _m :o w be ang]$ !reby1 & t he w h no lack ( def5d]s4 ,rememb] above all t we h f\nd no?+ 9 ?is book ( 8 t lies be=e u :]eon any op5 accusation c be bas$4 ,inde$ x is true1 z ,j]ome says3 ',=titude op5ly display$ always creates rivals1 & ! lightn+ /rikes ! highe/ peaks4' ,h a c>e1 !n1 le/ by viol5t action y only increase 8 fame1 & le/ we d m hurt to ourselves ?r\gh envy ?an to him ?r\gh ju/ice4 ,a false report1 z t same wise man rem9ds u1 is easily cru%$1 & a man's lat] life gives te/imony z to 8 e>li] de$s4 ,if1 !n1 y are dispos$ to take canonical action aga9/ him1 8 doctr9e or 8 writ+s mu/ be br\ght =w>d z evid5ce1 & he mu/ h free opportunity to answ] 8 que/ion]s4 ,9 t case1 if he is f\nd guilty or if he confesses 8 error1 8 lips c be :olly seal$4 ,consid] ! words ( ! bless$ ,nicodemus1 :o1 desir+ to free ,our ,"l ,himself1 said3 ',do? our law judge any man be=e x he> him & "k :at he doe?8 ' 7,john1 vii1 #ea74 ,:5 my rivals he>d ?is !y cri$ out 9 prote/1 say+3 ,?is is wise c\nsel1 =soo?1 t we %\ld /rive aga9/ ! word9ess ( ?is man1 ^: argum5ts1 or r1 sophi/ries1 ! :ole _w _c resi/6 ,& yet1 me?9ks1 x 0 f> m difficult to /rive aga9/ ,*ri/ ,himself1 = ,:om1 nev]!less1 ,nicodemus dem&$ a he>+ 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( ! law4 ,:5 ! bi%op c\ld n w9 _! ass5t to 8 proposals1 he tri$ 9 ano!r way to curb _! hatr$1 say+ t = ! discussion ( su* an important case ! few :o 7 pres5t 7 n en\gh1 & t ?is matt] requir$ a m ?or\gh exam9ation4 ,8 fur!r sugge/ion 0 t my abbot1 :o 0 !re pres5t1 %\ld take me back ) him to our abbey1 9 o!r words to ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,d5is1 & t !re a l>ge convocation ( le>n$ m5 %\ld det]m9e1 on ! basis ( a c>eful inve/igation1 :at ought to be done4 ,to ?is la/ proposal ! legate cons5t$1 z did all ! o!rs4 ,!n ! legate arose to celebrate mass be=e ent]+ ! c\ncil1 & ?r\gh ! bi%op s5t me ! p]mission :i* _h be5 det]m9$ on1 au?oriz+ me to return to my mona/]y & !re await su* action z might be f9ally tak54 ,b my rivals1 p]ceiv+ t !y w\ld accompli% no?+ if ! trial 7 to be held outside ( _! own diocese1 & 9 a place :]e !y c\ld h little influ5ce on ! v]dict1 & 9 tru? hav+ small wi% t ju/ice %\ld be done1 p]suad$ ! ar*bi%op t x w\ld be a grave insult to him to transf] ?is case to ano!r c\rt1 & t x w\ld be dang]\s = him if by *ance ,i %\ld ?us be acquitt$4 ,!y likewise w5t to ! legate1 & succe$$ 9 s *ang+ 8 op9ion t f9ally !y induc$ him to frame a new s5t5ce1 :]eby he agre$ to condemn my book )\t any fur!r inquiry1 to burn x =?) 9 ! sight ( all1 & to conf9e me = a ye> 9 ano!r mona/]y4 ,! argum5t !y us$ 0 t x suffic$ = ! condemnation ( my book t ,i _h presum$ to read x 9 public )\t ! approval ei!r ( ! ,roman pontiff or ( ! ,*ur*1 & t1 fur!rmore1 ,i _h giv5 x to _m to be transcrib$4 ,me?9ks x w\ld be a notable bless+ to ! ,*ri/ian fai? if !re 7 m :o display$ a l presumption4 ,! legate1 h[ev]1 be+ less skill$ 9 law ?an he %\ld h be51 reli$ *iefly on ! advice ( ! ar*bi%op1 & he1 9 turn1 on t ( my rivals4 ,:5 ! ,bi%op ( ,*>tres got w9d ( ?is1 he report$ ! :ole conspiracy to me1 & /rongly urg$ me to endure meekly ! manife/ viol5ce ( _! enmity4 ,he bade me n to d\bt t ?is viol5ce w\ld 9 ! end react ^u !m & prove a bless+ to me1 & c\nsel$ me to h no fe> ( ! conf9em5t 9 a mona/]y1 kn[+ t )9 a few days ! legate himself1 :o 0 n[ act+ "u compulsion1 w\ld aft] 8 dep>ture set me free4 ,& ?us he consol$ me z be/ he might1 m+l+ 8 te>s ) m9e4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,( ,,! ,,burn+ ,,( ,,8 ,,book--,,( ,,! ,,p]secution ,,he ,,_h ,,at ,,! ,,h&s ,,( ,,8 ,,abbot ,,& ,,! ,,bre?r5 ,/raightway ^u my summons ,i w5t to ! c\ncil1 & !re1 )\t fur!r exam9ation or debate1 did !y compel me ) my own h& to ca/ t memorable book ( m9e into ! flames4 ,al?\gh my enemies appe>$ to h no?+ to say :ile ! book 0 burn+1 "o ( !m mutt]$ some?+ ab\t hav+ se5 x writt5 !re9 t ,god ! ,fa!r 0 alone omnipot5t4 ,?is rea*$ ! e>s ( ! legate1 :o repli$ 9 a/oni%m5t t he c\ld n believe t ev5 a *ild w\ld make s absurd a blund]4 ,our common fai?1 he said1 holds & sets =? t ! ,?ree are alike omnipot5t4 ,a c]ta9 ,tirric1 a s*oolma/]1 he>+ ?is1 s>ca/ically add$ ! ,a?anasian phrase1 ,& yet !re are n ?ree omnipot5t ,p]sons1 b only ,"o4 ,?is man's bi%op =?) began to c5sure him1 bidd+ him desi/ f su* treasonable talk1 b he boldly /ood 8 gr\nd1 & said1 z if quot+ ! words ( ,daniel3 ',are ye su* fools1 ye sons ( ,israel1 t )\t exam9ation or k ( ! tru? ye h condemn$ a daught] ( ,israel8 ,return aga9 to ! place ( judgm5t1' 7,daniel1 xiii1 #dh--,! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna7 & !re give judgm5t on ! judge himself4 ,y h set up ?is judge1 =soo?1 = ! in/ruction ( fai? & ! correction ( error1 & yet1 :5 he ought to give judgm5t1 he condemns himself out ( 8 own m\?4 ,set free today1 ) ! help ( ,god's m]cy1 "o :o is manife/ly innoc5t1 ev5 z ,susanna 0 fre$ ( old f h] false accus]s4 ,!reupon ! ar*bi%op arose & confirm$ ! legate's /atem5t1 b *ang$ ! word+ !re(1 z inde$ 0 mo/ fitt+4 ,x is ,god's tru?1 he said1 t ! ,fa!r is omnipot5t1 ! ,son is omnipot5t1 ! ,holy ,_s is omnipot5t4 ,& :osoev] diss5ts f ?is is op5ly 9 error1 & mu/ n be li/5$ to4 ,nev]!less1 if x be y\r pleasure1 x w\ld be well t ?is our bro!r %\ld publicly /ate be=e u all ! fai? t is 9 him1 to ! end t1 accord+ to its des]ts1 x may ei!r be approv$ or else condemn$ & correct$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,i fa9 w\ld h aris5 to pr(ess & set =? my fai?1 9 ord] t ,i might express 9 my own words t :i* 0 9 my he>t1 my enemies decl>$ t x 0 n ne$ful = me to d m ?an recite ! ,a?anasian ,symbol1 a ?+ :i* any boy might d z well z ,i4 ,& le/ ,i %\ld allege ignorance1 pret5d+ t ,i did n "k ! words by he>t1 !y _h a copy ( x set be=e me to read4 ,& read x ,i did z be/ ,i c\ld = my groans & sighs & te>s4 ,!reupon1 z if ,i _h be5 a convict$ crim9al1 ,i 0 h&$ ov] to ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,md>d1 :o 0 !re pres5t1 & l$ to 8 mona/]y z to a prison4 ,& ) ?is ! c\ncil 0 imm$iately dissolv$4 ,! abbot & ! monks ( ! a=esaid mona/]y1 ?9k+ t ,i w\ld rema9 long ) !m1 receiv$ me ) great exultation1 & dilig5tly s\ght to console me1 b all 9 va94 ,o ,god1 :o do/ judge ju/ice itself1 9 :at v5om ( ! _s1 9 :at bitt]ness ( m9d1 did ,i blame ev5 ,!e = my %ame1 accus+ ,!e 9 my madness6 ,full (t5 did ,i repeat ! lam5t ( ,/4 ,an?ony3 ,k9dly ,jesus1 :]e w]t ,?\8 ,! sorr[ t tortur$ me1 ! %ame t ov]:elm$ me1 ! desp]ation t wrack$ my m9d1 all ^! ,i c\ld !n feel1 b ev5 n[ ,i c f9d no words to express !m4 ,comp>+ ^! new suff]+s ( my s\l ) ^? ,i _h =m]ly endur$ 9 my body1 x seem$ t ,i 0 9 v tru? ! mo/ mis]able among m54 ,inde$ t e>li] betrayal _h become a little ?+ 9 comp>ison ) ?is lat] evil1 & ,i lam5t$ ! hurt to my fair "n f> m ?an ! "o to my body4 ,! latt]1 inde$1 ,i _h br\ght ^u myself ?r\gh my own wrongdo+1 b ?is o!r viol5ce _h come ^u me solely by reason ( ! hone/y ( my purpose & my love ( our fai?1 :i* _h compell$ me to write t :i* ,i believ$4 ,! v cruelty & he>tlessness ( my puni%m5t1 h[ev]1 made e "o :o he>d ! /ory vehem5t 9 c5sur+ x1 s t ^? :o _h a h& !re9 7 soon eag] to disclaim all responsibility1 %\ld]+ ! blame on o!rs4 ,nay1 matt]s came to su* a pass t ev5 my rivals d5i$ t !y _h _h any?+ to d ) ! matt]1 & z = ! legate1 he publicly d5\nc$ ! malice ) :i* ! ,fr5* _h act$4 ,sway$ by rep5tance = 8 inju/ice1 & feel+ t he _h yield$ en\gh to satisfy _! ranc\r1 he %ortly fre$ me f ! mona/]y :i!r ,i _h be5 tak51 & s5t me back to my own4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd almo/ z _m enemies z ,i _h 9 ! =m] days ( :i* ,i h already spok51 = ! vil5ess & %amelessness ( _! way ( liv+ made !m realize t !y w\ld aga9 h to endure my c5sure4 ,aft] a few mon?s _h pass$1 *ance gave !m an opportunity by :i* !y s\ght to de/roy me4 ,x happ5$ t "o day1 9 ! c\rse ( my read+1 ,i came ^u a c]ta9 passage ( ,b$e1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 :]e9 he ass]ts t ,dionysius ! ,areopagite 0 ! bi%op1 n ( ,a!ns1 b ( ,cor9?4 ,n[1 ?is 0 directly c\nt] to ! belief ( ! monks1 :o 7 wont to boa/ t _! ,dionysius1 or ,d5is1 0 n only ! ,areopagite b 0 likewise prov$ by 8 acts to h be5 ! ,bi%op ( ,a!ns4 ,hav+ ?us f\nd ?is te/imony ( ,b$e's 9 contradiction ( our own tradition1 ,i %[$ x some:at je/+ly to sundry ( ! monks :o *anc$ to be ne>4 ,wra?fully !y decl>$ t ,b$e 0 no bett] ?an a li>1 & t !y _h a f> m tru/wor?y au?ority 9 ! p]son ( ,hildu91 a =m] abbot ( !irs1 :o _h travell$ = a long "t ?r\gh\t ,greece = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ?is v "q4 ,he1 !y insi/$1 _h by 8 writ+s remov$ all possible d\bt on ! subject1 & _h securely e/abli%$ ! tru? ( ! traditional belief4 ,"o ( ! monks w5t s f> z to ask me braz5ly :i* ( ! two1 ,b$e or ,hildu91 ,i consid]$ ! bett] au?ority on ?is po9t4 ,i repli$ t ! au?ority ( ,b$e1 ^: writ+s are held 9 high e/eem by ! :ole ,lat9 ,*ur*1 appe>$ to me ! bett]4 ,!reupon 9 a great rage !y began to cry out t at la/ ,i _h op5ly prov$ ! hatr$ ,i _h always felt = our mona/]y1 & t ,i 0 seek+ to disgrace x 9 ! eyes ( ! :ole k+dom1 robb+ x ( ! hon\r 9 :i* x _h p>ticul>ly glori$1 by ?us d5y+ t ! ,areopagite 0 _! patron sa9t4 ,to ?is ,i answ]$ t ,i _h nev] d5i$ ! fact1 & t ,i did n mu* c>e :e!r _! patron 0 ! ,areopagite or "s "o else1 provid$ only he _h receiv$ 8 cr[n f ,god4 ,!reupon !y ran to ! abbot & told him ( ! misdemean\r ) :i* !y *>g$ me4 ,! abbot li/5$ to _! /ory ) delight1 rejoic+ at hav+ f\nd a *ance to cru% me1 = ! great] vil5ess ( 8 life made him fe> me m ev5 ?an ! re/ did4 ,accord+ly he summon$ 8 c\ncil1 & :5 ! bre?r5 _h assembl$ he viol5tly ?reat5$ me1 decl>+ t he w\ld /raightway s5d me to ! k+1 by him to be puni%$ = hav+ ?us sulli$ 8 cr[n & ! glory ( 8 royalty4 ,& until he %\ld h& me ov] to ! k+1 he ord]$ t ,i %\ld be closely gu>d$4 ,9 va9 did ,i (f] to submit to ! cu/om>y discipl9e if ,i _h 9 any way be5 guilty4 ,!n1 horrifi$ at _! wick$ness1 :i* seem$ to cr[n ! ill =tune ,i _h s long endur$1 & 9 utt] despair at ! app>5t conspiracy ( ! :ole _w aga9/ me1 ,i fl$ secretly f ! mona/]y by night1 help$ !reto by "s ( ! monks :o took pity on me1 & likewise aid$ by "s ( my s*ol>s4 ,i made my way to a region :]e ,i _h =m]ly dwelt1 h>d by ! l&s ( ,c\nt ,!obald 7( ,*ampagne74 ,he himself _h "s slight acqua9tance ) me1 & _h compassion on me by reason ( my p]secutions1 ( :i* ! /ory _h rea*$ him4 ,i f\nd a home !re )9 ! walls ( ,prov9s1 9 a priory ( ! monks ( ,troyes1 ! prior ( :i* _h 9 =m] days kn[n me well & %[n me mu* love4 ,9 8 joy at my com+ he c>$ = me ) all dilig5ce4 ,x *anc$1 h[ev]1 t "o day my abbot came to ,prov9s to see ! c\nt on c]ta9 matt]s ( bus9ess4 ,z soon z ,i _h le>n$ ( ?is1 ,i w5t to ! c\nt1 ! prior accompany+ me1 & bes\ght him to int]c$e 9 my behalf ) ! abbot4 ,i ask$ no m ?an t ! abbot %\ld absolve me ( ! *>ge aga9/ me1 & give me p]mission to live ! mona/ic life :]esoev] ,i c\ld f9d a suitable place4 ,! abbot1 h[ev]1 & ^? :o 7 ) him took ! matt] "u advisem5t1 say+ t !y w\ld give ! c\nt an answ] ! day be=e !y dep>t$4 ,x appe>$ f _! words t !y ?\ght ,i wi%$ to g to "s o!r abbey1 a ?+ :i* !y reg>d$ z an imm5se disgrace to _! own4 ,!y _h1 inde$1 tak5 p>ticul> pride 9 ! fact t1 ^u my conv]sion1 ,i _h come to !m1 z if scorn+ all o!r abbeys1 & accord+ly !y consid]$ t x w\ld br+ great %ame ^u !m if ,i %\ld n[ des]t _! abbey & seek ano!r4 ,= ?is reason !y refus$ to li/5 ei!r to my own plea or to t ( ! c\nt4 ,fur!rmore1 !y ?reat5$ me ) excommunication unless ,i %\ld in/antly return2 likewise !y =bade ! prior ) :om ,i _h tak5 refuge to keep me long]1 "u pa9 ( %>+ my excommunication4 ,:5 we he>d ?is bo? ! prior & ,i 7 /rick5 ) fe>4 ,! abbot w5t away /ill obdurate1 b a few days !reaft] he di$4 ,z soon z 8 successor _h be5 nam$1 ,i w5t to him1 accompani$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,meaux1 to try if ,i might w9 f him ! p]mission ,i _h va9ly s\ght ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,at fir/ he w\ld n give 8 ass5t1 b f9ally1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( c]ta9 fri5ds ( m9e1 ,i secur$ ! "r to appeal to ! k+ & 8 c\ncil1 & 9 ?is way ,i at la/ obta9$ :at ,i s\ght4 ,! royal s5es*al1 ,/eph51 hav+ summon$ ! abbot & 8 subord9ates t !y might /ate _! case1 ask$ !m :y !y want$ to keep me aga9/ my w4 ,he po9t$ out t ?is might easily br+ !m into evil repute1 & c]ta9ly c\ld d !m no good1 see+ t _! way ( liv+ 0 utt]ly incompatible ) m9e4 ,i knew x to be ! op9ion ( ! royal c\ncil t ! irregul>ities 9 ! conduct ( ?is abbey w\ld t5d to br+ x m & m "u ! control ( ! k+1 mak+ x increas+ly useful & likewise pr(itable to him1 & = ?is reason ,i _h good hope ( easily w9n+ ! support ( ! k+ & ^? ab\t him4 ,?us1 inde$1 did x come to pass4 ,b 9 ord] t ! mona/]y might n be %orn ( any ( ! glory :i* x _h enjoy$ by reason ( my soj\rn !re1 !y grant$ me p]mission to betake myself to any solit>y place ,i might *oose1 provid$ only ,i did n put myself "u ! rule ( any o!r abbey4 ,?is 0 agre$ ^u & confirm$ on bo? sides 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ & 8 c\ncellors4 ,=?) ,i s\ght out a lonely spot kn[n to me ( old 9 ! region ( ,troyes1 & !re1 on a bit ( l& :i* _h be5 giv5 to me1 & ) ! approval ( ! bi%op ( ! di/rict1 ,i built ) re$s & /alks my fir/ oratory 9 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,& !re conceal$1 ) b "o comrade1 a c]ta9 cl]ic1 ,i 0 able to s+ ov] & ov] aga9 to ! ,"l3 ,lo1 !n w\ld ,i w&] f> (f1 & rema9 9 ! wild]ness 7,ps4 ,,iv1 #g74 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,( ,,8 ,,tea*+ ,,9 ,,! ,,wild]ness ,no soon] _h s*ol>s le>n$ ( my retreat ?an !y began to flock ?i!r f all sides1 leav+ _! t[ns & ca/les to dwell 9 ! wild]ness4 ,9 place ( _! spaci\s h\ses !y built !mselves huts2 in/ead ( da9ty f>e !y liv$ on ! h]bs ( ! field & co>se bread2 _! s(t b$s !y ex*ang$ = heaps ( /raw & ru%es1 & _! tables 7 piles ( turf4 ,9 v tru? y may well believe t !y 7 l ^? philosoph]s ( old ( :om ,j]ome tells u 9 8 second book aga9/ ,jov9ianus4 ,?r\gh ! s5ses1 says ,j]ome1 z ?r\gh s _m w9d[s1 d vices w9 entrance to ! s\l4 ,! metropolis & citadel ( ! m9d _c be tak5 unless ! army ( ! foe has fir/ ru%$ 9 ?r\gh ! gates4 ,if any "o delights 9 ! games ( ! circus1 9 ! conte/s ( a?letes1 9 ! v]satility ( actors1 9 ! beauty ( wom51 9 ! glitt] ( gems & raim5t1 or 9 aught else l to ^!1 !n ! fre$om ( 8 s\l is made captive ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( 8 eyes1 & ?us is fulfill$ ! prophecy3 ,= dea? is come up into our w9d[s' 7,j]4 ix1 #ba74 ,& !n1 :5 ! w$ges ( d\bt h1 z x 71 be5 driv5 into ! citadels ( our m9ds ?r\gh ^! gateways1 :]e w be its lib]ty8 :]e its =titude8 :]e its ?\ght ( ,god8 ,mo/ ( all does ! s5se ( t\* pa9t = itself ! pictures ( pa/ raptures1 compell+ ! s\l to dwell fondly ^u rememb]$ iniquities1 & s to practice 9 imag9ation ^? ?+s :i* reality d5ies to x4 ,he$+ su* c\nsel1 !re=e1 _m among ! philosoph]s =sook ! ?rong+ ways ( ! cities & ! pleasant g>d5s ( ! c\ntryside1 ) _! well-wat]$ fields1 _! %ady trees1 ! song ( birds1 ! mirror ( ! f\nta91 ! murmur ( ! /ream1 ! _m *>ms = eye & e>1 fe>+ le/ _! s\ls %\ld gr[ s(t amid luxury & abundance ( ri*es1 & le/ _! virtue %\ld !reby be defil$4 ,= x is p]il\s to turn y\r eyes (t5 to ^? ?+s :]eby y may "s day be made captive1 or to attempt ! possession ( t :i* x w\ld g h>d ) y to d )\t4 ,?us ! ,py?agoreans %unn$ all companion%ip ( ?is k9d1 & 7 wont to dwell 9 solit>y & des]t places4 ,nay1 ,plato himself1 al?\gh he 0 a ri* man1 let ,diog5es trample on 8 c\* ) muddy feet1 & 9 ord] t he might devote himself to philosophy e/abli%$ 8 academy 9 a place remote f ! city1 & n only un9habit$ b unheal?y z well4 ,?is he did 9 ord] t ! onslaughts ( lu/ might be brok5 by ! fe> & con/ant pres5ce ( disease1 & t 8 foll[]s might f9d no pleasure save 9 ! ?+s !y le>n$4 ,su* a life1 likewise1 ! sons ( ! prophets :o 7 ! foll[]s ( ,eliseus are report$ to h l$4 ,( ^! ,j]ome also tells u1 writ+ ?us to ! monk ,ru/icus z if describ+ ! monks ( ^? anci5t days3 ,! sons ( ! prophets1 ! monks ( :om we read 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 built = !mselves huts by ! wat]s ( ! ,jordan1 & =sak+ ! ?rongs & ! cities1 liv$ on pottage & ! h]bs ( ! field 7,epi/4 iv74 ,ev5 s did my foll[]s build _! huts above ! wat]s ( ! ,arduzon1 s t !y seem$ h]mits r ?an s*ol>s4 ,& z _! numb] grew ev] great]1 ! h>d%ips :i* !y gladly endur$ = ! sake ( my tea*+ seem$ to my rivals to reflect new glory on me1 & to ca/ new %ame on !mselves4 ,nor 0 x /range t !y1 :o _h done _! utmo/ to hurt me1 %\ld grieve to see h[ all ?+s work$ toge!r = my good1 ev5 ?\gh ,i 0 n[1 9 ! words ( ,j]ome1 af> f cities & ! m>ket place1 f controv]sies & ! cr[d$ ways ( m54 ,& s1 z ,qu9tilian says1 did envy seek me out ev5 9 my hid+ place4 ,secretly my rivals compla9$ & lam5t$ "o to ano!r1 say+3 ,behold n[1 ! :ole _w runs aft] him1 & our p]secution ( him has done n\ght save to increase 8 glory4 ,we /rove to ext+ui% 8 fame1 & we h b giv5 x new brightness4 ,lo1 9 ! cities s*ol>s h at h& ev]y?+ !y may ne$1 & yet1 spurn+ ! pleasures ( ! t[n1 !y seek out ! b>r5ness ( ! des]t1 & ( _! own free w !y accept wret*$ness4 ,! ?+ :i* at t "t *iefly l$ me to und]take ! direction ( a s*ool 0 my intol]able pov]ty1 = ,i _h n /r5g? en\gh to dig1 & %ame kept me f begg+4 ,& s1 resort+ once m to ! art ) :i* ,i 0 s famili>1 ,i 0 compell$ to sub/itute ! s]vice ( ! tongue = ! lab\r ( my h&s4 ,! /ud5ts will+ly provid$ me ) :atsoev] ,i ne$$ 9 ! way ( food & clo?+1 & likewise took *>ge ( ! cultivation ( ! fields & paid = ! erection ( build+s1 9 ord] t mat]ial c>es might n keep me f my /udies4 ,s9ce my oratory 0 no long] l>ge en\gh to hold ev5 a small "p ( _! numb]1 !y f\nd x necess>y to increase its size1 & 9 s do+ !y greatly improv$ x1 build+ x ( /one & wood4 ,al?\gh ?is oratory _h be5 f\nd$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & aft]w>ds d$icat$ !reto1 ,i n[ nam$ x ! ,p>aclete1 m9dful ( h[ ,i _h come !re a fugitive & 9 despair1 & _h brea!d into my s\l some?+ ( ! miracle ( div9e consolation4 ,_m ( ^? :o he>d ( ?is 7 greatly a/oni%$1 & "s viol5tly assail$ my action1 decl>+ t x 0 n p]missible to d$icate a *ur* exclusively to ! ,holy ,_s r ?an to ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,!y held1 accord+ to an anci5t tradition1 t x mu/ be d$icat$ ei!r to ! ,son alone or else to ! entire ,tr9ity4 ,! error :i* l$ !m into ?is false accusation result$ f _! failure to p]ceive ! id5tity ( ! ,p>aclete ) ! ,_s ,p>aclete4 ,ev5 z ! :ole ,tr9ity1 or any ,p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1 may rightly be call$ ,god or ,help]1 s likewise may ,x be t]m$ ! ,p>aclete1 t is to say ! ,consol]4 ,^! are ! words ( ! ,apo/le3 ,bless$ be ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,fa!r ( m]cies1 & ! ,god ( all com=t2 :o com=te? u 9 all our tribulation 7#b ,cor4 i1 #c74 ,& likewise ! ^w ( tru? says3 ,& he %all give y ano!r com=t] 7,greek ano!r ,p>aclete1 ,john1 xiv1 #af74 ,nay1 s9ce e *ur* is consecrat$ equally 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s1 )\t any diff]5ce 9 _! possession !re(1 :y %\ld n ! h\se ( ,god be d$icat$ to ! ,fa!r or to ! ,holy ,_s1 ev5 z x is to ! ,son8 ,:o w\ld presume to erase f above ! door ! "n ( him :o is ! ma/] ( ! h\se8 ,& s9ce ! ,son (f]$ ,himself z a sacrifice to ! ,fa!r1 & accord+ly 9 ! c]emonies ( ! mass ! pray]s are (f]$ p>ticul>ly to ! ,fa!r1 & ! immolation ( ! ,ho/ is made to ,him1 :y %\ld ! alt> n be held to be *iefly ,8 to :om above all ! supplication & sacrifice are made8 ,is x n call$ m rightly ! alt> ( ,him :o receives ?an ( ,him :o makes ! sacrifice8 ,:o w\ld admit t an alt> is t ( ! ,holy ,cross1 or ( ! ,sepul*re1 or ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 or ,john1 or ,pet]1 or ( any o!r sa9t1 unless ei!r he himself 0 sacrific$ !re or else special sacrifices & pray]s are made !re to him8 ,me?9ks ! alt>s & temples ( c]ta9 ones among ^! sa9ts are n held to be idolatr\s ev5 ?\gh !y are us$ = special sacrifices & pray]s to _! patrons4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 may p]*ance argue t *ur*es are n built or alt>s d$icat$ to ! ,fa!r because !re is no fea/ :i* is solemniz$ especially = ,him4 ,b :ile ?is reason+ holds good z reg>ds ! ,tr9ity itself1 x does n apply 9 ! case ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,= ?is ,_s1 f ! day ( ,its adv5t1 has _h ,its special fea/ ( ! ,p5teco/1 ev5 z ! ,son has _h s9ce ,8 com+ ^u e>? ,8 fea/ ( ! ,nativity4 ,ev5 z ! ,son 0 s5t into ?is _w1 s did ! ,holy ,_s desc5d ^u ! disciples1 & ?us does ,x claim ,its special religi\s rites4 ,nay1 x seems m fitt+ to d$icate a temple to ,x ?an to ei!r ( ! o!r ,p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity1 if we b c>efully /udy ! apo/olic au?ority1 & consid] ! work+s ( ?is ,_s ,itself4 ,to none ( ! ?ree ,p]sons did ! apo/le d$icate a special temple save to ! ,holy ,_s alone4 ,he does n speak ( a temple ( ! ,fa!r1 or a temple ( ! ,son1 z he does ( a temple ( ! ,holy ,_s1 writ+ ?us 9 8 fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians3 ,b he t is jo9$ unto ! ,"l is "o _s4 7,i ,cor4 vi1 #ag74 ,& aga93 ,:at8 "k ye n t y\r body is ! temple ( ! ,holy ,_s :i* is 9 y1 :i* ye h ( ,god1 & ye are n y\r own8 7ib4 #ai74 ,:o is !re :o does n "k t ! sacram5ts ( ,god's bless+s p]ta9+ to ! ,*ur* are p>ticul>ly ascrib$ to ! op]ation ( div9e grace1 by :i* is meant ! ,holy ,_s8 ,=soo? we are born aga9 ( wat] & ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 baptism1 & ?us f ! v beg9n+ is ! body made1 z x 71 a special temple ( ,god4 ,9 ! successive sacram5ts1 moreov]1 ! sev5-fold grace ( ! ,_s is add$1 :]eby ?is same temple ( ,god is made beautiful & is consecrat$4 ,:at wond] is x1 !n1 if to t ,p]son to ,:om ! apo/le assign$ a spiritual temple we %\ld d$icate a mat]ial "o8 ,or to :at ,p]son c a *ur* be m rightly said to belong ?an to ,him to ,:om all ! bless+s :i* ! *ur* adm9i/]s are p>ticul>ly ascrib$8 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 ) ! ?\ght ( d$icat+ my oratory to "o ,p]son t ,i fir/ call$ x ! ,p>aclete1 b = ! reason ,i h already told1 t 9 ?is spot ,i f\nd consolation4 ',none ! less1 ev5 if ,i _h done x = ! reason attribut$ to me1 ! dep>ture f ! usual cu/om w\ld h be5 9 no way illogical4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,( ,,! ,,p]secution ,,direct$ ,,aga9/ ,,him ,,by ,,sundry ,,new ,,enemies ,,or1 ,,z ,,x ,,71 ,,apo/les ,& s ,i dwelt 9 ?is place1 my body inde$ hidd5 away1 b my fame spread+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 till its e*o rev]b]at$ mightily-e*o1 t fancy ( ! poet's1 :i* has s great a voice1 & n\ght beside4 ,my =m] rivals1 see+ t !y !mselves 7 n[ p[]less to d me hurt1 /irr$ up aga9/ me c]ta9 new apo/les 9 :om ! _w put great fai?4 ,"o ( ^! 7,norb]t ( ,prmontr7 took pride 9 8 position z canon ( a regul> ord]2 ! o!r 7,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux7 made x 8 boa/ t he _h reviv$ ! true mona/ic life4 ,^! two ran hi!r & yon prea*+ & %amelessly sl&]+ me 9 e way !y c\ld1 s t 9 "t !y succe$$ 9 draw+ d[n on my head ! scorn ( _m among ^? hav+ au?ority1 among bo? ! cl]gy & ! laity4 ,!y spread abroad su* s9i/] reports ( my fai? z well z ( my life t !y turn$ ev5 my be/ fri5ds aga9/ me1 & ^? :o /ill reta9$ some?+ ( _! =m] reg>d = me 7 fa9 to disguise x 9 e possible way by reason ( _! fe> ( ^! two m54 ,god is my witness t :5soev] ,i le>n$ ( ! conv5+ ( a new assemblage ( ! cl]gy1 ,i believ$ t x 0 done = ! express purpose ( my condemnation4 ,/unn$ by ?is fe> l "o smitt5 ) a ?und]bolt1 ,i daily expect$ to be dragg$ be=e _! c\ncils or assemblies z a h]etic or "o guilty ( impiety4 ,?\gh ,i seem to comp>e a flea ) a lion1 or an ant ) an elephant1 9 v tru? my rivals p]secut$ me no less bitt]ly ?an ! h]etics ( old h\nd$ ,/4 ,a?anasius4 ,(t51 ,god kn[s1 ,i sank s deep 9 despair t ,i 0 ready to leave ! _w ( ,*ri/5dom & g =? among ! hea!n1 pay+ !m a /ipulat$ tribute 9 ord] t ,i might live quietly a ,*ri/ian life among ! enemies ( ,*ri/4 ,x seem$ to me t su* p might inde$ be k9dly dispos$ t[>d me1 p>ticul>ly z !y w\ld d\btless suspect me ( be+ no good ,*ri/ian1 imput+ my flight to "s crime ,i _h committ$1 & w\ld !re=e believe t ,i might p]haps be won ov] to _! =m ( wor%ip4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,( ,,! ,,abbey ,,to ,,:i* ,,he ,,0 ,,call$ ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,p]secution ,,he ,,_h ,,f ,,8 ,,sons1 ,,t ,,is ,,to ,,say ,,! ,,monks1 ,,& ,,f ,,! ,,"l ,,( ,,! ,,l& ,:ile ,i 0 ?us afflict$ ) s great p]turbation ( ! _s1 & :5 ! only way ( escape seem$ to be = me to seek refuge ) ,*ri/ among ! enemies ( ,*ri/1 !re came a *ance :]eby ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld = a :ile avoid ! plott+s ( my enemies4 ,b !reby ,i fell among ,*ri/ians & monks :o 7 f> m savage ?an hea!ns & m evil ( life4 ,! ?+ came ab\t 9 ?is wise4 ,!re 0 9 less] ,brittany1 9 ! bi%opric ( ,vannes1 a c]ta9 abbey ( ,/4 ,gildas at ,ruits1 !n m\rn+ ! dea? ( its %eph]d4 ,to ?is abbey ! elective *oice ( ! bre?r5 call$ me1 ) ! approval ( ! pr9ce ( t l&1 & ,i easily secur$ p]mission to accept ! po/ f my own abbot & bre?r54 ,?us did ! hatr$ ( ! ,fr5* drive me we/w>d1 ev5 z t ( ! ,romans drove ,j]ome t[>d ! ,ea/4 ,nev]1 ,god kn[s1 w\ld ,i h agre$ to ?is ?+ _h x n be5 = my long+ = any possible means ( escape f ! suff]+s :i* ,i _h borne s con/antly4 ,! l& 0 b>b>\s & its spee* 0 unkn[n to me2 z = ! monks1 _! vile & untameable way ( life 0 notori\s almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,! p ( ! region1 too1 7 unciviliz$ & lawless4 ,?us1 l "o :o 9 t]ror ( ! sword t ?reat5s him da%es headlong ov] a precipice1 & to %un "o dea? = a mom5t ru%es to ano!r1 ,i kn[+ly s\ght ?is new dang] 9 ord] to escape f ! =m] "o4 ,& !re1 amid ! dreadful ro> ( ! waves ( ! sea1 :]e ! l&'s end left me no fur!r refuge 9 flight1 (t5 9 my pray]s did ,i repeat ov] & ov] aga93 ,f ! end ( ! e>? w ,i cry unto ,!e1 :5 my he>t is ov]:elm$ 7,ps4 lxi1 #b74 ,no "o1 me?9ks1 c\ld fail to und]/& h[ p]si/5tly t undiscipl9$ body ( monks1 ! direction ( :i* ,i _h ?us und]tak51 tortur$ my he>t day & night1 or h[ con/antly ,i 0 compell$ to ?9k ( ! dang] alike to my body & to my s\l4 ,i held x = c]ta9 t if ,i %\ld try to =ce !m to live accord+ to ! pr9ciples !y _h !mselves pr(ess$1 ,i %\ld n survive4 ,& yet1 if ,i did n d ?is to ! utmo/ ( my ability1 ,i saw t my damnation 0 assur$4 ,moreov]1 a c]ta9 "l :o 0 exce$+ly p[]ful 9 t region _h "s "t previ\sly br\ght ! abbey "u 8 control1 tak+ advantage ( ! /ate ( disord] )9 ! mona/]y to seize all ! l&s adjac5t !reto = 8 own use1 & he gr\nd d[n ! monks ) taxes heavi] ?an ^? :i* 7 extort$ f ! ,jews !mselves4 ,! monks press$ me to supply !m ) _! daily necessities1 b !y held no prop]ty 9 common :i* ,i might adm9i/] 9 _! behalf1 & ea* "o1 ) su* res\rces z he possess$1 support$ himself & 8 concub9es1 z well z 8 sons & daught]s4 ,!y took delight 9 h>ass+ me on ?is matt]1 & !y /ole & c>ri$ (f :atsoev] !y c\ld lay _! h&s on1 to ! end t my failure to ma9ta9 ord] might make me ei!r give up try+ to en=ce discipl9e or else ab&on my po/ altoge!r4 ,s9ce ! entire region 0 equally savage1 lawless & disorganiz$1 !re 0 n a s+le man to :om ,i c\ld turn = aid1 = ! habits ( all alike 7 =eign to me4 ,outside ! mona/]y ! "l & 8 h5*m5 ceaselessly h\nd$ me1 & )9 its walls ! bre?r5 7 =ev] plott+ aga9/ me1 s t x seem$ z if ! ,apo/le _h _h me & none o!r 9 m9d :5 he said3 ,)\t 7 fight+s1 )9 7 fe>s 7,,ii ,cor4 vii1 #e74 ,i consid]$ & lam5t$ ! uselessness & ! wret*$ness ( my exi/5ce1 h[ fruitless my life n[ 01 bo? to myself & to o!rs2 h[ ( old ,i _h be5 ( "s s]vice to ! cl]ics :om ,i _h n[ ab&on$ = ! sake ( ^! monks1 s t ,i 0 no long] able to be ( use to ei!r2 h[ incapable ,i _h prov$ myself 9 ev]y?+ ,i _h und]tak5 or attempt$1 s t above all o!rs ,i des]v$ ! reproa*1 ,?is man began to build1 & 0 n able to f9i% 7,luke xiv1 #cj74 ,my despair grew /ill deep] :5 ,i comp>$ ! evils ,i _h left beh9d ) ^? to :i* ,i _h come1 = my =m] suff]+s n[ seem$ to me z n\ght4 ,full (t5 did ,i groan3 ,ju/ly has ?is sorr[ come ^u me because ,i des]t$ ! ,p>aclete1 :i* is to say ! ,consol]1 & ?ru/ myself into sure desolation2 seek+ to %un ?reats ,i fl$ to c]ta9 p]il4 ,! ?+ :i* torm5t$ me mo/ 0 ! fact t1 hav+ ab&on$ my oratory1 ,i c\ld make no suitable provision = ! celebration !re ( ! div9e (fice1 = inde$ ! extreme pov]ty ( ! place w\ld sc>cely provide ! necessities ( "o man4 ,b ! true ,p>aclete ,himself br\ght me real consolation 9 ! mid/ ( ?is sorr[ ( m9e1 & made all due provision = ,8 own oratory4 ,= x *anc$ t 9 "s mann] or o!r1 lay+ claim to x z hav+ legally belong$ 9 e>li] days to 8 mona/]y1 my abbot ( ,/4 ,d5is got possession ( ! abbey ( ,arg5teuil1 ( :i* ,i h previ\sly spok51 :]e9 %e :o 0 n[ my si/] 9 ,*ri/ r ?an my wife1 ,hlose1 _h tak5 ! veil4 ,f ?is abbey he expell$ by =ce all ! nuns :o _h dwelt !re1 & ( :om my =m] companion _h become ! prioress4 ,! exiles be+ ?us disp]s$ 9 v>i\s places1 ,i p]ceiv$ t ?is 0 an opportunity pres5t$ by ,god himself to me :]eby ,i c\ld make provision anew = my oratory4 ,& s1 return+ ?i!r1 ,i bade h] come to ! oratory1 toge!r ) "s o!rs f ! same conv5t :o _h clung to h]4 ,on _! arrival !re ,i made ov] to !m ! oratory1 toge!r ) ev]y?+ p]ta9+ !reto1 & subsequ5tly1 ?r\gh ! approval & assi/ance ( ! bi%op ( ! di/rict1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,ii promulgat$ a decree confirm+ my gift 9 p]petuity to !m & _! successors4 ,& ?is refuge ( div9e m]cy1 :i* !y s]v$ s devot$ly1 soon br\ght !m consolation1 ev5 ?\gh at fir/ _! life !re 0 "o ( want1 & = a "t ( utt] de/itution4 ,b ! place prov$ itself a true ,p>aclete to !m1 mak+ all ^? :o dwelt r\nd ab\t feel pity & k9dl9ess = ! si/]hood4 ,s t1 me?9ks1 !y prosp]$ m ?r\gh gifts 9 a s+le ye> ?an ,i %\ld h done if ,i _h /ay$ !re a hundr$4 ,true x is t ! weakness ( womank9d makes _! ne$s & suff]+s appeal /rongly to p's feel+s1 z likewise x makes _! virtue all ! m pleas+ to ,god & man4 ,& ,god grant$ su* fav\r 9 ! eyes ( all to h] :o 0 n[ my si/]1 & :o 0 9 au?ority ov] ! re/1 t ! bi%ops lov$ h] z a daught]1 ! abbots z a si/]1 & ! laity z a "m4 ,all alike m>vell$ at h] religi\s zeal1 h] good judgm5t & ! sweetness ( h] incomp>able pati5ce 9 all ?+s4 ,! less (t5 %e all[$ h]self to be se51 %utt+ h]self up 9 h] cell to devote h]self to sacr$ m$itations & pray]s1 ! m eag]ly did ^? :o dwelt )\t dem& h] pres5ce & ! spiritual guidance ( h] words4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,( ,,! ,,evil ,,report ,,( ,,8 ,,iniquity ,be=e long all ^? :o dwelt !reab\ts began to c5sure me r\ndly1 compla9+ t ,i paid f> less att5tion to _! ne$s ?an ,i might & %\ld h done1 & t at lea/ ,i c\ld d some?+ = !m ?r\gh my prea*+4 ,z a result1 ,i return$ ?i!r frequ5tly1 to be ( s]vice to !m 9 :atsoev] way ,i c\ld4 ,reg>d+ ?is !re 0 no lack ( hateful murmur+1 & ! ?+ :i* s9c]e *>ity induc$ me to d 0 seiz$ ^u by ! wick$ness ( my detractors z ! subject ( %ameless outcry4 ,!y decl>$ t ,i1 :o ( old c\ld sc>cely endure to be p>t$ f h] ,i lov$1 0 /ill sway$ by ! delights ( fle%ly lu/4 ,_m times ,i ?\ght ( ! compla9t ( ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 lett] to ,asella reg>d+ ^? wom5 :om he 0 falsely accus$ ( lov+1 :5 he said 7,epi/4 xcix73 ,i am *>g$ ) no?+ save ! fact ( my sex1 & ?is *>ge is made only because ,paula is sett+ =? to ,j]usalem4 ,& aga93 ,be=e ,i became intimate 9 ! h\sehold ( ! sa9tly ,paula1 ! :ole city 0 l\d 9 my praise1 & ne>ly e "o deem$ me des]v+ ( ! highe/ hon\rs ( prie/hood4 ,b ,i "k t my way to ! k+dom ( ,heav5 lies ?r\gh good & evil report alike4 ,:5 ,i pond]$ ov] ! injury :i* sl&] _h done to s great a man z ?is1 ,i 0 n a little consol$ !reby4 ,if my rivals1 ,i told myself1 c\ld b f9d an equal cause = suspicion aga9/ me1 ) :at accusations w\ld !y p]secute me6 ,b h[ is x possible = su* suspicion to cont9ue 9 my case1 see+ t div9e m]cy has fre$ me !refrom by depriv+ me ( all p[] to enact su* bas5ess8 ,h[ %ameless is ?is late/ accusation6 ,9 tru? t :i* _h happ5$ to me s completely removes all suspicion ( ?is iniquity among all m5 t ^? :o wi% to h _! wom5 kept "u close gu>d employ eunu*s = t purpose1 ev5 z sacr$ hi/ory tells reg>d+ ,e/h] & ! o!r damsels ( ,k+ ,ahasu]us 7,e/h] ii1 #e74 ,we read1 too1 ( t eunu* ( great au?ority "u ,que5 ,c&ace :o _h *>ge ( all h] treasure1 him to ^: conv]sion & baptism ! apo/le ,philip 0 direct$ by an angel 7,acts viii1 #bg74 ,su* m51 9 tru?1 are enabl$ to h f> m importance & intimacy among mode/ & upright wom5 by ! fact t !y are free f any suspicion ( lu/4 ,! six? book ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory tells u t ! greate/ ( all ,*ri/ian philosoph]s1 ,orig51 inflict$ a l injury on himself ) 8 own h&1 9 ord] t all suspicion ( ?is nature might be completely done away ) 9 8 in/ruction ( wom5 9 sacr$ doctr9e4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,i ?\ght1 ,god's m]cy _h be5 k9d] to me ?an to him1 = x 0 judg$ t he _h act$ mo/ ra%ly & _h expos$ himself to no slight c5sure1 :]eas ! ?+ _h be5 done to me ?r\gh ! crime ( ano!r1 ?us prep>+ me = a task simil> to 8 own4 ,moreov]1 x _h be5 accompli%$ ) mu* less pa91 be+ s quick & sudd51 = ,i 0 heavy ) sleep :5 !y laid h&s on me1 & felt sc>cely any pa9 at all4 ,b alas1 ,i ?\ght1 ! less ,i !n suff]$ f ! w\nd1 ! great] is my puni%m5t n[ ?r\gh sl&]1 & ,i am torm5t$ f> m by ! loss ( my reputation ?an ,i 0 by t ( "p ( my body4 ,= ?us is x writt53 ,a good "n is r to be *os5 ?an great ri*es 7,prov4 xxii1 #a74 ,& z ,/4 ,augu/9e tells u 9 a s]mon ( 8 on ! life & conduct ( ! cl]gy1 ,he is cruel :o1 tru/+ 9 8 consci5ce1 neglects 8 reputation4 ,aga9 he says3 ,let u provide ^? ?+s t are good1 z ! apo/le bids u 7,rom4 xii1 #ag71 n alone 9 ! eyes ( ,god1 b likewise 9 ! eyes ( m54 ,)9 himself ea* "o's consci5ce suffices1 b = our own sakes our reputations ought n to be t>ni%$1 b to fl\ri%4 ,consci5ce & reputation are diff]5t matt]s3 consci5ce is = y\rself1 reputation = y\r neighb\r4 ,me?9ks ! spite ( su* m5 z ^! my enemies w\ld h accus$ ! v ,*ri/ ,himself1 or ^? belong+ to ,him1 prophets & apo/les1 or ! o!r holy fa!rs1 if su* spite _h exi/$ 9 _! "t1 see+ t !y associat$ 9 su* famili> int]c\rse ) wom51 & ?is ?\gh !y 7 :ole ( body4 ,on ?is po9t ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 8 book on ! duty ( monks1 proves t wom5 foll[$ our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! apo/les z insep>able companions1 ev5 accompany+ !m :5 !y prea*$ 7,*ap4 #d74 ,fai?ful wom51 he says1 :o 7 possess$ ( worldly weal? w5t ) !m1 & m9i/]$ to !m out ( _! weal?1 s t !y might lack none ( ^? ?+s :i* belong to ! sub/ance ( life4 ,& if any "o does n believe t ! apo/les ?us p]mitt$ sa9tly wom5 to g ab\t ) !m :]esoev] !y prea*$ ! ,gospel1 let him li/5 to ! ,gospel itself1 & le>n !refrom t 9 s do+ !y foll[$ ! example ( ! ,"l4 ,= 9 ! ,gospel x is writt5 ?us3 ,& x came to pass aft]w>d1 t ,he w5t ?r\gh\t e city & village1 prea*+ & %[+ ! glad tid+s ( ! k+dom ( ,god3 & ! twelve 7 ) ,him1 & c]ta9 wom51 :i* _h be5 heal$ ( evil spirits & infirmities1 ,m>y call$ ,magdal5e1 & ,joanna ! wife ( ,*uza1 ,h]od's /ew>d1 & ,susanna1 & _m o!rs1 :i* m9i/]$ unto ,him ( _! sub/ance 7,luke viii1 i-#c74 ,leo ! ,n9?1 fur!rmore1 9 8 reply to ! lett] ( ,p>m5ianus conc]n+ mona/ic zeal1 says3 ,we unequivocally decl>e t x is n p]missible = a bi%op1 prie/1 deacon or subdeacon to ca/ (f all responsibility = 8 own wife on ! gr\nds ( religi\s duty1 s t he no long] provides h] ) food & clo?+2 albeit he may n h c>nal int]c\rse ) h]4 ,we read t ?us did ! holy apo/les act1 = ,/4 ,paul says3 ',h we n p[] to lead ab\t a si/]1 a wife1 z well z o!r apo/les1 & z ! bre?r5 ( ! ,"l1 & ,cephas8' 7,i ,cor4 ix1 #e74 ,obs]ve1 fooli% man1 t he does n say3 'h we n p[] to embrace a si/]1 a wife1' b he says 'to lead ab\t1' mean+ !reby t su* wom5 may lawfully be support$ by !m out ( ! wages ( _! prea*+1 b t !re mu/ be no c>nal bond betwe5 !m4 ,c]ta9ly t ,ph>isee :o spoke )9 himself ( ! ,"l1 say+3 ,?is man1 if ,he 7 a prophet1 w\ld h kn[n :o & :at mann] ( woman ?is is t t\*e? ,him3 = %e is a s9n] 7,luke vii1 #ci71 might mu* m reasonably h suspect$ bas5ess ( ! ,"l1 consid]+ ! matt] f a purely human /&po9t1 ?an my enemies c\ld suspect x ( me4 ,"o :o _h se5 ! "m ( ,our ,"l entru/$ to ! c>e ( ! "y man 7,john xix1 #bg71 or :o _h beheld ! prophets dwell+ & soj\rn+ ) wid[s 7,i ,k+s xvii1 #aj71 w\ld likewise h _h a f> m logical gr\nd = suspicion4 ,& :at w\ld my calumniators h said if !y _h b se5 ,mal*us1 t captive monk ( :om ,/4 ,j]ome writes1 liv+ 9 ! same b ) 8 wife8 ,d\btless !y w\ld h reg>d$ x z crim9al 9 ! fam\s s*ol> to h highly comm5d$ :at he ?us saw1 say+ !re(3 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 old man nam$ ,mal*us1 a native ( ?is region1 & 8 wife ) him 9 8 hut4 ,bo? ( !m 7 e>ne/ly religi\s1 & !y s (t5 pass$ ! ?re%old ( ! *ur* t y might h ?\ght !m ! ,za*>ias & ,elisabe? ( ! ,gospel1 sav+ only t ,john 0 n ) !m4 ,:y1 f9ally1 d su* m5 refra9 f sl&]+ ! holy fa!rs1 ( :om we frequ5tly read1 nay1 & h ev5 se5 ) our own eyes1 f\nd+ conv5ts = wom5 & mak+ provision = _! ma9t5ance1 !reby foll[+ ! example ( ! sev5 deacons :om ! apo/les s5t be=e !m to secure food & take c>e ( ! wom58 7,acts vi1 #e74 ,= ! weak] sex ne$s ! help ( ! /rong] "o to su* an ext5t t ! apo/le proclaim$ t ! head ( ! woman is ev] ! man 7,i ,cor4 xi1 #c71 & 9 sign !re( he bade h] ev] we> h] head cov]$ 7ib4 #e74 ,= ?is reason ,i m>vel greatly at ! cu/oms :i* h crept into mona/]ies1 :]eby1 ev5 z abbots are plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! m51 abbesses n[ are giv5 au?ority ov] ! wom51 & ! wom5 b9d !mselves 9 _! v[s to accept ! same rules z ! m54 ,yet 9 ^! rules !re are _m ?+s :i* _c possibly be c>ri$ out by wom51 ei!r z sup]iors or 9 ! l[] ord]s4 ,9 _m places we may ev5 behold an inv]sion ( ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 :]eby ! abbesses & nuns h au?ority ov] ! cl]gy1 & ev5 ov] ^? :o are !mselves 9 *>ge ( ! p4 ,! m p[] su* wom5 ex]cise ov] m51 ! m easily c !y lead !m into iniquit\s desires1 & 9 ?is way c lay a v heavy yoke ^u _! %\ld]s4 ,x 0 ) su* ?+s 9 m9d t ! satiri/ said3 ,!re is no?+ m intol]able ?an a ri* woman4 7,juv5al1 ,sat4 ,,vi1 v1 #dei74 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,( ,,! ,,p]ils ,,( ,,8 ,,abbey ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,reasons ,,= ,,! ,,writ+ ,,( ,,?is ,,8 ,,lett] ,reflect+ (t5 ^u all ^! ?+s1 ,i det]m9$ to make provision = ^? si/]s & to und]take _! c>e 9 e way ,i c\ld4 ,fur!rmore1 9 ord] t !y might h ! great] rev]5ce = me1 ,i arrang$ to wat* ov] !m 9 p]son4 ,& s9ce n[ ! p]secution c>ri$ on by my sons 0 great] & m incessant ?an t :i* ,i =m]ly suff]$ at ! h&s ( my bre?r51 ,i return$ frequ5tly to ! nuns1 flee+ ! rage ( ! tempe/ z to a hav5 ( peace4 ,!re1 inde$1 c\ld ,i draw brea? = a little 9 quiet1 & among !m my lab\rs 7 fruitful1 z !y nev] 7 among ! monks4 ,all ?is 0 ( ! utmo/ b5efit to me 9 body & s\l1 & x 0 equally ess5tial = !m by reason ( _! weakness4 ,b n[ has ,satan beset me to su* an ext5t t ,i no long] "k :]e ,i may f9d re/1 or ev5 s mu* z live4 ,i am driv5 hi!r & yon1 a fugitive & a vagabond1 ev5 z ! accurs$ ,ca9 7,g54 iv1 #ad74 ,i h already said t )\t 7 fight+s1 )9 7 fe>s 7,,ii ,cor4 vii1 #e71 & ^! torture me ceaselessly1 ! fe>s be+ inde$ )\t z well z )91 & ! fight+s :]esoev] !re are fe>s4 ,nay1 ! p]secution c>ri$ on by my sons rages aga9/ me m p]il\sly & cont9u\sly ?an t ( my op5 enemies1 = my sons ,i h always ) me1 & ,i am ev] expos$ to _! trea*]ies4 ,! viol5ce ( my enemies ,i see 9 ! dang] to my body if ,i leave ! cloi/]2 b )9 x ,i am compell$ incessantly to endure ! crafty ma*9ations z well z ! op5 viol5ce ( ^? monks :o are call$ my sons1 & :o are entru/$ to me z _! abbot1 :i* is to say _! fa!r4 ,oh1 h[ (t5 h !y tri$ to kill me ) poison1 ev5 z ! monks s\ght to slay ,/4 ,b5$ict6 ,me?9ks ! same reason :i* l$ ! sa9t to ab&on 8 wick$ sons might enc\rage me to foll[ ! example ( s great a fa!r1 le/1 9 ?us expos+ myself to c]ta9 p]il1 ,i might be deem$ a ra% tempt] ( ,god r ?an a lov] ( ,him1 nay1 le/ x might ev5 be judg$ t ,i _h !reby tak5 my own life4 ,:5 ,i _h safegu>d$ myself to ! be/ ( my ability1 s f> z my food & dr9k 7 conc]n$1 aga9/ _! daily plott+s1 !y s\ght to de/roy me 9 ! v c]emony ( ! alt> by putt+ poison 9 ! *alice4 ,"o day1 :5 ,i _h gone to ,nantes to visit ! c\nt1 :o 0 !n sick1 & :ile ,i 0 soj\rn+ a:ile 9 ! h\se ( "o ( my bro!rs 9 ! fle%1 !y arrang$ to poison me1 ) ! connivance ( "o ( my att5dants1 believ+ t ,i w\ld take no precautions to escape su* a plot4 ,b div9e provid5ce s ord]$ matt]s t ,i _h no desire = ! food :i* 0 set be=e me2 "o ( ! monks :om ,i _h br\ght ) me ate !re(1 n kn[+ t :i* _h be5 done1 & /raightway fell dead4 ,z = ! att5dant :o _h d>$ to und]take ?is crime1 he fl$ 9 t]ror alike ( 8 own consci5ce & ( ! cle> evid5ce ( 8 guilt4 ,aft] ?is1 z _! wick$ness 0 manife/ to e "o1 ,i began op5ly 9 e way ,i c\ld to avoid ! dang] ) :i* _! plots ?reat5$ me1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( leav+ ! abbey & dwell+ ) a few o!rs ap>t 9 little cells4 ,if ! monks knew be=eh& t ,i 0 go+ any:]e on a j\rney1 !y brib$ b&its to waylay me on ! road & kill me4 ,& :ile ,i 0 /ruggl+ 9 ! mid/ ( ^! dang]s1 x *anc$ "o day t ! h& ( ! ,"l smote me a heavy bl[1 = ,i fell f my horse1 break+ a bone 9 my neck1 ! injury caus+ me great] pa9 & weakness ?an my =m] w\nd4 ,us+ excommunication z my weapon to co]ce ! untam$ rebelli\sness ( ! monks1 ,i =c$ c]ta9 ones among !m :om ,i p>ticul>ly fe>$ to promise me publicly1 pl$g+ _! fai? or swe>+ ^u ! sacram5t1 t !y w\ld !reaft] dep>t f ! abbey & no long] tr\ble me 9 any way4 ,%amelessly & op5ly did !y violate ! pl$ges !y _h giv5 & _! sacram5tal oa?s1 b f9ally !y 7 compell$ to give ?is & _m o!r promises "u oa?1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! c\nt & ! bi%ops1 by ! au?ority ( ! ,pontiff ( ,rome1 ,innoc5t1 :o s5t 8 own legate = ?is special purpose4 ,& yet ev5 ?is did n br+ me peace4 ,= :5 ,i return$ to ! abbey aft] ! expulsion ( ^? :om ,i h j m5tion$1 & entru/$ myself to ! rema9+ bre?r51 ( :om ,i felt less suspicion1 ,i f\nd !m ev5 worse ?an ! o!rs4 ,i b>ely succe$$ 9 escap+ !m1 ) ! aid ( a c]ta9 nobleman ( ! di/rict1 = !y 7 plann+1 n to poison me inde$1 b to cut my ?roat ) a sword4 ,ev5 to ! pres5t "t ,i /& face to face ) ?is dang]1 fe>+ ! sword :i* ?reat5s my neck s t ,i c sc>cely draw a free brea? betwe5 "o meal & ! next4 ,ev5 s d we read ( him :o1 reckon+ ! p[] & heap$-up weal? ( ! tyrant ,dionysius z a great bless+1 beheld ! sword secretly hang+ by a hair above 8 head1 & s le>n$ :at k9d ( happ9ess comes z ! result ( worldly p[] 7,cic]4 #e1 ,tusc47 ,?us did ,i too le>n by con/ant exp]i5ce1 ,i :o _h be5 exalt$ f ! condition ( a poor monk to ! dignity ( an abbot1 t my wret*$ness increas$ ) my weal?2 & ,i w\ld t ! ambition ( ^? :o volunt>ily seek su* p[] might be curb$ by my example4 ,& n[1 mo/ de> bro!r 9 ,*ri/ & comrade close/ to me 9 ! intimacy ( spee*1 x %\ld suffice = y\r sorr[s & ! h>d%ips y h endur$ t ,i h writt5 ?is /ory ( my own mis=tunes1 amid :i* ,i h toil$ almo/ f ! cradle4 ,= s1 z ,i said 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is lett]1 %all y come to reg>d y\r tribulation z n\ght1 or at any rate z little1 9 comp>ison ) m9e1 & s %all y be> x m lightly 9 measure z y reg>d x z less4 ,take com=t ev] 9 ! say+ ( ,our ,"l1 :at he =etold = 8 foll[]s at ! h&s ( ! foll[]s ( ! devil3 ,if !y h p]secut$ me1 !y w also p]secute y 7,john xv1 #bj74 ,if ! _w hate y1 ye "k t x hat$ me be=e x hat$ y4 ,if ye 7 ( ! _w1 ! _w w\ld love 8 own 7ib4 #ah-ai74 ,& ! apo/le says3 ,all t w live godly 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus %all suff] p]secution 7,,ii ,tim4 iii1 #ab74 ,& else:]e he says3 ,i d n seek to please m54 ,= if ,i yet pleas$ m51 ,i %\ld n be ! s]vant ( ,*ri/ 7,galat4 i1 #aj74 ,& ! ,psalmi/ says3 ,!y :o h be5 pleas+ to m5 h be5 conf\nd$1 = t ,god ha? despis$ !m4 ,comm5t+ on ?is1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ^: heir me?9ks ,i am 9 ! endurance ( f\l sl&]1 says 9 8 lett] to ,nepotanius3 ,! apo/le says3 ',if ,i yet pleas$ m51 ,i %\ld n be ! s]vant ( ,*ri/4' ,he no long] seeks to please m51 & s is made ,*ri/'s s]vant 7,epi/4 #b74 ,& aga91 9 8 lett] to ,asella reg>d+ ^? :om he 0 falsely accus$ ( lov+3 ,i give ?anks to my ,god t ,i am wor?y to be "o :om ! _w hates 7,epi/4 #ii74 ,& to ! monk ,heliodorus he writes3 ,y are wrong1 bro!r1 y are wrong if y ?9k !re is ev] a "t :5 ! ,*ri/ian does n suff] p]secution4 ,= our adv]s>y goes ab\t z a ro>+ lion seek+ :at he may dev\r1 & d y /ill ?9k ( peace8 ,nay1 he lie? 9 ambu% among ! ri*4 ,inspir$ by ^? records & examples1 we %\ld endure our p]secutions all ! m /eadfa/ly ! m bitt]ly !y h>m u4 ,we %\ld n d\bt t ev5 if !y are n accord+ to our des]ts1 at lea/ !y s]ve = ! purify+ ( our s\l4 ,& s9ce all ?+s are done 9 accordance ) ! div9e ord]+1 let e "o ( true fai? console himself amid all 8 afflictions ) ! ?\ght t ! great goodness ( ,god p]mits no?+ to be done )\t reason1 & br+s to a good end :atsoev] may seem to happ5 wrongfully4 ,:]e=e rightly d all m5 say3 ,?y w be done4 ,& great is ! consolation to all lov]s ( ,god 9 ! ^w ( ! ,apo/le :5 he says3 ,we "k t all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god 7,rom4 viii1 #bh74 ,! wise man ( old _h ?is 9 m9d :5 he said 9 8 ,prov]bs3 ,!re %all no evil happ5 to ! j 7,prov4 xii1 #ba74 ,by ?is he cle>ly %[s t :osoev] gr[s wra?ful = any reason aga9/ 8 suff]+s has !re9 dep>t$ f ! way ( ! j1 because he may n d\bt t ^! ?+s h happ5$ to him by div9e disp5sation4 ,ev5 su* are ^? :o yield to _! own r ?an to ! div9e purpose1 & ) hidd5 desires resi/ ! _s :i* e*oes 9 ! words1 ,?y w be done1 ?us plac+ _! own w ahead ( ! w ( ,god4 ,f>ewell4 ,,app5dix ,,pi]re ,,ab,,l>d ,petrus ,abael>dus 7or ,abail>dus7 0 born 9 ! ye> #ajgi at ,palets1 a ,breton t[n n f> f ,nantes4 ,8 fa!r1 ,b]5g>ius1 0 a nobleman ( "s local importance2 8 "m1 ,lucia1 0 likewise ( noble family4 ,! "n ,abael>dus is said to be a corruption ( ,habel>dus1 :i*1 9 turn1 0 sub/itut$ by himself = ! nickname ,bajol>dus giv5 to him 9 8 /ud5t days4 ,h[ev] ! "n may h aris51 ! fam\s s*ol> c]ta9ly adopt$ x v e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 & x w5t ov] into ! v]nacul> z ,abl>d or ,abail>d1 ?\gh ) a multiplicity ( v>iations 79 ,villon's fam\s poem1 = example1 x appe>s z ,esbaill>t74 ,= ! ma9 facts ( ,abl>d's life 8 own writ+s rema9 ! be/ au?ority1 b ?r\gh 8 frequ5t contact ) _m ( ! =emo/ figures 9 ! intellectual & cl]ical life ( ! e>ly twelf? c5tury x has be5 possible to *eck 8 own acc\nt ( 8 c>e] ) consid]able accuracy4 ,! /ory told 9 ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum cov]s ! ev5ts ( 8 life f boyhood to ab\t #aacb or #aacc1--;9 o!r words1 up to approximately 8 fifty-?ird or fifty-f\r? ye>4 ,t ! acc\nt he gives ( himself is sub/antially correct _c be d\bt$2 mak+ all due all[ance = ! viol5ce ( 8 feel+s1 :i* c]ta9ly l$ him to col\r _m incid5ts 9 a mann] unfav\rable to 8 enemies1 ! ma9 facts tally closely ) all ! ext]nal evid5ce n[ available4 ,a v brief summ>y ( ! ev5ts ( ! f9al ye>s ( 8 life w s]ve to r\nd out ! /ory4 ,! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum 0 writt5 :ile ,abl>d 0 /ill abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gildas1 9 ,brittany4 ,! t]rors ( 8 exi/5ce !re are fully dwelt on 9 8 autobiographical lett]1 & f9ally1 9 #aacd or #aace1 he fl$1 liv+ = a %ort "t 9 retirem5t4 ,9 #aacf1 h[ev]1 we f9d him once m lectur+1 & app>5tly ) mu* ( 8 =m] success1 on ,mont ,/e4 ,g5evieve4 ,8 old enemies 7 /ill on 8 trail1 & mo/ ( all ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 to ^: fi]y adh]5ce to ! fai? ,abl>d's rationalism seem$ a %e] desecration4 ,! unceas+ activities ( ,b]n>d & o!rs f9ally br\ght ,abl>d be=e an ecclesia/ical c\ncil at ,s5s 9 #aadj1 :]e he 0 =mally arraign$ on *>ges ( h]esy4 ,_h ,abl>d's c\rage held good1 he might h won 8 case1 = ,b]n>d 0 frankly t]rifi$ at ! prospect ( meet+ s =midable a dialectitian1 b ,abl>d1 brok5 9 _s by ! prolong$ p]secution f :i* he _h suff]$1 cont5t$ himself ) appeal+ to ! ,pope4 ,! indefatigable ,b]n>d at once proce$$ to secure a condemnation ( ,abl>d f ,rome1 :i!r ! accus$ man set out to plead 8 case4 ,on ! way1 h[ev]1 he collaps$1 bo? physically & 9 _s1 & rema9$ = a few mon?s at ! abbey ( ,cluny1 :5ce 8 fri5ds remov$ him1 a dy+ man1 to ! priory ( ,/4 ,m>cel1 ne> ,*lons-sur-,sane4 ,"h he di$ on ,april #ba1 #aadb4 ,a discussion ( ,abl>d's position among ! s*ola/ic philosoph]s w\ld necess>ily g f> beyond ! prop] limits ( a m]e hi/orical note4 ,he /&s out less comm&+ly z a con/ructive philosoph] ?an z a ma/] ( dialectics4 ,he 01 z ev5 8 enemies admitt$1 a brilliant tea*] & an unconqu]able logician2 he 01 moreov]1 a volum9\s writ]4 ,works by him :i* h be5 pres]v$ include lett]s1 s]mons1 philosophical & religi\s treatises1 comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 on ,ari/otle & on v>i\s o!r books1 & a numb] ( poems4 ,_m ( ! mis=tunes :i* ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum relates 7 ! direct outcome ( ,abl>d's uncompromis+ position z a rationali/1 & ! docum5t is above all int]e/+ = ! picture x gives ( ! man himself1 aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( e>ly twelf? c5tury ,france4 ,a few dates w help ! g5]al read] to connect ! life surr\nd+ ,abl>d ) o!r & m famili> facts4 ,william ! ,conqu]or _h ent]$ ,engl& ?irte5 ye>s be=e ,abl>d's bir?4 ,! boy 0 eight ye>s old :5 ! ,conqu]or di$ ne> ,r\5 dur+ 8 /ruggle ) ,philip ( ,france4 ,he 0 sev5te5 :5 ! ,fir/ ,crusade began1 & tw5ty :5 ! crusad]s captur$ ,j]usalem4 ,two ( ! m5 :o mo/ pr(\ndly influ5c$ ! times 9 :i* ,abl>d liv$ 7 ,hildebr&1 fam\s z ,pope ,gregory ,,vii1 & ,l\is ,,vi 7! ,fat71 k+ ( ,france4 ,x 0 to ,hildebr& t ! ,*ur* ow$ mu* ( t reg5]ation ( ! _s :i* gave x su* vitality ?r\gh\t ! twelf? c5tury4 ,hildebr& di$1 inde$1 :5 ,abl>d 0 only six ye>s old1 b he left ! ,*ur* su* a =ce 9 ! affairs ( m5 z x _h nev] be5 be=e4 ,z = ,l\is ! ,fat1 :o reign$ f #aajh to #aacg1 x 0 he :o began to lift ! royal p[] 9 ,france out ( ! %ad[ :i* ! slo?fulness & incompet5ce ( 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors1 ,h5ry ,i & ,philip ,i1 _h ca/ ov] x4 ,disc]n+ en\gh to see t ! *ief enemies ( ! cr[n 7 ! great nobles1 & con/antly advis$ by a m9i/] ( exceptional wisdom1 ,sug]1 abbot ( ,/4 ,d5is1 ,l\is did 8 utmo/ to protect ! t[ns & ! *ur*es1 & to br+ t small "p ( ,france :]e9 8 p[] 0 felt out ( ! an>*y & *aos ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,x 0 ! ,france ( ,l\is ,,vi & ,sag] :i* =m$ ! backgr\nd = ! great battle betwe5 ! reali/s & ! nom9ali/s1 ! battle 9 :i* ,abl>d play$ no small "p4 ,8 life 0 divid$ betwe5 ! t[ns :]e9 he taught & ! ,*ur* :i* alt]nately welcom$ & d5\nc$ him4 ,8 fell[-disputants h _! places 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy2 ! /ory ( ,abl>d's love = ,hlose has set him ap>t1 s t he has liv$ = eight c5turies less z a fe>less ?9k] & ma/]ly logician ?an z "o ( ! gl[+ly romantic figures ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a ,,fri5d ,x is n kn[n to :om ,abl>d's lett] 0 address$1 b x may be guess$ t ! writ] int5d$ x to rea* ! h&s ( ,hlose4 ,?is actually happ5$1 & ! fir/ & mo/ fam\s lett] f ,hloise to ,abl>d 0 sub/antially an answ] to ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum4 ,,william ,,( ,,*ampeaux ,william ( ,*ampeaux 7,gulielmus ,campell5sis7 0 born ab\t #ajgj at ,*ampeaux1 ne> ,melun4 ,he /udi$ "u ,anselm ( ,laon & ,roscell9us1 8 tra9+ 9 philosophy !reby be+ influ5c$ by bo? realism & nom9alism4 ,8 own incl9ation1 h[ev]1 0 /rongly t[>ds ! =m]1 & x 0 z a det]m9$ propon5t ( realism t he began to tea* 9 ! s*ool ( ! ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 ( :i* he 0 made canon 9 #aajc4 ,9 #aajh he )drew to ! abbey ( ,/4 ,victor1 & subsequ5tly became bi%op ( ,*lons-sur-,m>ne4 ,he di$ 9 #aaba4 ,z a tea*] 8 influ5ce 0 wide2 he 0 a vigor\s def5d] ( or?odoxy & a passionate adv]s>y ( ! het]odox philosophy ( 8 =m] ma/]1 ,roscell9us4 ,t he & ,abl>d disagre$ 0 only natural1 b ,abl>d's /atem5t t he argu$ ,william into ab&on+ ! basic pr9ciples ( 8 philosophy is c]ta9ly untrue4 ,,! ,,univ]sals ,x is n )9 ! prov9ce ( su* a note z ?is to discuss 9 detail ! great controv]sy betwe5 ! reali/s & ! nom9ali/s :i* dom9at$ ! philosophical &1 to "s ext5t1 ! religi\s ?\ght ( ,france dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 brief1 ! reali/s ma9ta9$ t ! idea is a reality di/9ct f & indep5d5t ( ! individuals con/itut+ x2 _! motto1 ,univ]salia sunt realia1 0 readily capable ( ext5sion f> beyond ! ,*ur*1 & ,william ( ,*ampeaux himself c>ri$ x to ! ext5t ( argu+ t no?+ is real b ! univ]sal4 ,! nom9ali/s1 on ! o!r h&1 argu$ t univ]sals are m]e notions ( ! m9d1 & t individuals alone are real2 _! motto 0 ,univ]salia sunt nom9a4 ,?us ! c5tral "q 9 ! long controv]sy conc]n$ ! reality ( ab/ract or incorporate ideas1 & x is to be obs]v$ t ! reali/s held views diametrically opposite to ^? :i* ! ^w realism today implies4 ,9 uphold+ ! reality ( ! idea1 !y 7 :at w\ld n[ be call$ ideali/s1 :]eas _! oppon5ts1 d5y+ ! reality ( ab/ractions & insi/+ on t ( ! concrete individual or object1 7 reali/s 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,! peculi> importance ( ?is controv]sy lay 9 its effect on ! /atus ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if nom9alism %\ld prevail1 !n ! ,*ur* w\ld be %orn ( mu* ( its au?ority1 = its greate/ p[] lay 9 ! conception ( x z an endur+ reality outside ( & above all ! individuals :o %>$ 9 its "w4 ,x is n /range1 !n1 t ! ard5t realism ( ,william ( ,*ampeaux %\ld h be5 outrag$ by ! nom9ali/ic logic ( ,abl>d4 ,abl>d1 inde$1 nev] w5t to su* extreme l5g?s z ! ar*-nom9ali/1 ,roscell9us1 :o 0 duly condemn$ = h]esy by ! ,c\ncil ( ,soissons 9 #ajib1 b he w5t q f> en\gh to w9 = himself ! undy+ enmity ( ! lead+ reali/s1 :o 7 foll[$ by ! great majority ( ! cl]gy4 ,,porphyry ,! ,introduction 7,isagoge7 to ! ,categories ( ,ari/otle1 ,writt5 by ! ,greek s*ol> & neoplatoni/ ,porphyry 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,a4,d41 0 translat$ into ,lat9 by ,boetius1 & 9 ?is =m 0 ext5sively us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages z a comp5dium ( ,ari/otelian logic4 ,z a philosoph] ,porphyry 0 *iefly important z ! imm$iate successor ( ,plot9us 9 ! neoplatonic s*ool at ,rome1 b 8 ,isagoge _h extraord9>y weight among ! m$ieval logicians4 ,,priscian ,! ,in/itutiones grammaticae ( ,priscian 7,priscianus ,caes>i5sis7 =m$ ! /&>d grammatical & philological textbook ( ! ,middle ,ages1 its importance be+ fairly indicat$ by ! fact t today !re exi/ ab\t a ?\s& manuscript copies ( x4 ,,anselm ,anselm ( ,laon 0 born some:]e ab\t #ajdj1 & is said to h /udi$ "u ! fam\s ,/4 ,anselm1 lat] ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 at ! mona/]y ( ,bec4 ,ab\t #ajgj he began to tea* 9 ,p>is1 :]e he 0 notably successful4 ,subsequ5tly he return$ to ,laon1 :]e 8 s*ool ( !ology & exegetics became ! mo/ fam\s "o 9 ,europe4 ,8 mo/ important "w1 an int]l9e> gloss on ! ,scriptures1 0 reg>d$ z au?oritative ?r\gh\t ! lat] ,middle ,ages4 ,he di$ 9 #aaag4 ,t he 0 some?+ ( a p$ant is probable1 b ,abl>d's picture ( him is c]ta9ly v f> f do+ him ju/ice4 ,,alb]ic ,,( ,,rheims ,,& ,,lotulphe ,,! ,,lomb>d ,( ^! two n mu* is kn[n beyond :at ,abl>d himself tells u4 ,a,lberic1 inde$1 won a consid]able reputation1 & 0 highly recomm5d$ to ,pope ,honorius ,,ii by ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,9 #aaci ,alb]ic seems to h become ar*bi%op ( ,b\rges1 dy+ two ye>s lat]4 ,lotulphe ! ,lomb>d is ref]r$ to by ano!r au?ority z ,leutaldus ,nov>i5sis4 ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,! enorm\s s*ol>%ip ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 born ab\t #cdj & dy+ ,septemb] #cj1 #dbj1 made him n only ! =emo/ au?ority )9 ! ,*ur* itself ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages1 b also "o ( ! *ief guides to secul> s*ol>%ip4 ,abl>d repeat$ly quotes f him1 p>ticul>ly f 8 d5unciation ( ! revival ( ,gno/ic h]esies by ,jov9ianus & f "s ( 8 volum9\s epi/les4 ,he also ref]s ext5sively to ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,j]ome by reason ( 8 tea*+ ( wom5 at ,rome 9 ! h\se ( ,m>cella4 ,"o ( 8 pupils1 ,paula1 a weal?y wid[1 foll[$ him on 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,pale/9e1 & built ?ree nunn]ies at ,be?lehem1 ( :i* %e rema9$ ! head up to ! "t ( h] dea? 9 #djd4 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e ,reg>d+ ! position ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 7#ced-dcj7 ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages1 x is "h suffici5t to quote a few words ( ,gu/av ,krg]3 ,! !ological position & influ5ce ( ,augu/9e may be said to be unrivall$4 ,no s+le "n has ev] ex]cis$ su* p[] ov] ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & no "o m9d ev] made s deep an impression on ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,9 him s*ola/ics & my/ics1 popes & oppon5ts ( ! papal supremacy1 h se5 _! *ampion4 ,he 0 ! fulcrum on :i* ,lu!r re/$ ! ?\ghts by :i* be s\ght to lift ! pa/ ( ! ,*ur* out ( ! rut2 yet ! judgm5t ( ,ca?olics /ill proclaims ! ideals ( ,augu/9e z ! only s\nd basis ( pbilosopby4 ,,abbey ,,( ,,/4 ,,d5is ,! abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is 0 f\nd$ ab\t #fbe by ,dagob]t1 son ( ,lo?air ,,ii1 at "s di/ance f ! basilica :i* ! cl]gy ( ,p>is _h erect$ 9 ! fif? c5tury ov] ! sa9t's tomb4 ,long r5[n$ z ! place ( burial = mo/ ( ! k+s ( ,france1 ! abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is _h a p>ticul> importance 9 ,abl>d's day by reason ( its close association ) ! reign+ mon>*4 ,! abbot to :om ,abl>d ref]s s bitt]ly 0 ,adam ( ,/4 ,d5is1 :o began 8 rule ( ! mona/]y ab\t #ajid4 ,9 #aajf ?is same ,adam *ose z 8 secret>y "o ( ! inmates ( ! mona/]y1 ,sug]1 de/9$ %ortly to become ! mo/ influ5tial man 9 ,france ?r\gh 8 position z advisor to ,l\is ,,vi1 & also ! =emo/ hi/orian ( 8 "t4 ,adam di$ 9 #aabc1 & 8 successor1 ref]r$ to by ,abl>d 9 ,*apt] ,x1 0 none o!r ?an ,sug] himself4 ,f #aabg to #aacg ,sug] devot$ mo/ ( 8 "t to ! reorganization & re=m ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,if we are to believe ,abl>d1 su* re=m 0 sorely ne$$1 b o!r contempor>y evid5ce by no means fully su/a9s ,abl>d 9 8 condemnation ( ,adam & 8 fell[ monks4 ,,orig5 ,! ,a,lexandrian !ological writ] ,orig51 :o liv$ f ab\t #ahe to #bed1 0 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ & ! mo/ influ5tial ( all ! !ologians ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,augu/9e4 ,8 incr$ible indu/ry result$ 9 su* a mass ( ,writ+s t ,j]ome himself ask$ 9 despair1 ,:i* ( u c read all t he has writt58 ,orig5's self-mutilation1 ref]r$ to by ,abl>d1 0 subsequ5tly us$ by 8 enemies z an argum5t = depos+ him f 8 presbyt]ial /atus4 ,,a?anasius ,abl>d's tract reg>d+ ! p[] ( ,god to create ,himself 0 "o ( ! _m di/ant e*oes ( ! great ,arian-,a?anasian controv]sy ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 well des]v$ ! title conf]r$ on him by ! ,*ur* z ! fa!r ( or?odoxy1 & x 0 by 8 "n t ! doctr9e ( id5tity ( sub/ance 7! ,son is ( ! same sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r7 became kn[n4 ,mu* ( ! life ( ,a?anasius 0 pass$ amid p]secutions at ! h&s ( 8 enemies1 & on sev]al occasions he 0 driv5 into exile4 ,,rodolphe1 ,,ar*bi%op ,,( ,,rheims ,rodolphe1 or1 z "s au?orities call him1 ,rudolph or ,radulph1 became ar*bi%op ( ,rheims 9 #aaad1 aft] hav+ s]v$ z treasur] ( ! ca!dral4 ,8 importance among ! ,fr5* cl]gy is atte/$ by ! _m ref]5ces to him 9 contempor>y docum5ts4 ,,conon ,,( ,,pra5e/e ,conon1 bi%op ( ,pra5e/e1 ^: real "n may h be5 ,conrad1 came to ,france z papal legate on at lea/ two occasions4 ,he repres5t$ ,pas*al ,,ii 9 #aaae at ecclesia/ical c\ncils held 9 ,beauvais1 ,rheims & ,*lons2 9 #aabj he repres5t$ ,calixtus ,,ii at ,soissons on ! occasion ( ,abl>d's trial4 ,,ge(froi ,,( ,,*>tres ,ge(froi1 bi%op ( ,*>tres1 ! second ( ! "n to hold t po/1 0 subsequ5tly a w>m fri5d ( ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,abl>d's high e/imate ( him is fully confirm$ by o!r contempor>y au?orities4 ,,abbot ,,( ,,/4 ,m,,d>d ,?is abbot 0 probably1 ?\gh n c]ta9ly1 ,anselm ( ,soissons1 :o became a bi%op 9 #aade4 ,! *ronology1 h[ev]1 is confus+4 ,,dionysius ,,! ,,areopagite ,! confusion reg>d+ ! id5tity ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite p]si/s to ?is day1 at lea/ to ! ext5t t we d n "k ! real "n ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury writ] :o1 "u ?is pseudonym1 ex]cis$ s pr(\nd an influ5ce on m$ieval ?\ght4 ,t he 0 n ! bi%op ( ei!r ,a!ns or ,cor9?1 nor yet ! ,dionysius :o became ! patron sa9t ( ,france1 is cle> en\gh4 ,( ! actual ,dionysius ! ,areopagite we "k practically no?+4 ,he is m5tion$ 9 ,acts1 xvii1 #cd1 z "o ( ^? ,a!nians :o believ$ :5 !y _h he>d ,paul prea* on ,m>s ,hill4 ,a c5tury or m lat] we le>n f ano!r ,dionysius1 bi%op ( ,cor9?1 t ,dionysius ! ,areopagite 0 ! fir/ bi%op ( ,a!ns1 a /atem5t ( d\btful value4 ,9 ! f\r? or fif? c5tury a ,greek !ological writ] ( extraord9>y erudition assum$ ! "n ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 & z 8 works ex]t$ an enorm\s influ5ce on lat] s*ol>%ip1 x 0 q natural t ! p]sonal leg5d ( ! real ,dionysius %\ld h be5 ext5d$ correspond+ly4 ,! ,hildu9 ref]r$ to by ,abl>d1 :o 0 abbot ( ,/4 ,d5is f #had to #hdj1 0 directly responsible = ! extreme phase ( ?is ext5sion4 ,accept+1 z mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies unque/ion+ly did1 ! id5tity ( ! !ological writ] ) ! ,dionysius m5tion$ 9 ,acts & spok5 ( z bi%op ( ,a!ns1 ,hildu9 w5t "o /ep fur!r1 & demon/rat$ t ?is ,dionysius 0 likewise ! ,dionysius 7,d5is7 :o _h be5 s5t into ,gaul & m>tyr$ at ,catulliacus1 ! mod]n ,/4 ,d5is4 ,!re is no evid5ce to support ,hildu9's cont5tion1 & ! *ronology ( ,gregory ( ,t\rs is q suffici5t to disprove x1 b none ! less x 0 en?usia/ically accept$ 9 ,france1 & above all by ! monks ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a p]si/5t d\bt z to ! id5tity ( ! ,dionysius ^: writ+s _h become s fam\s4 ,b$e1 ! au?ority quot$ by ,abl>d1 01 ( c\rse1 wrong 9 say+ t he 0 ! bi%op ( ,cor9?1 b any?+ :i* t5d$ to %ake ! triple id5tity1 e/abli%$ by ,hildu91 ( ! ,dionysius ( ,a!ns :o li/5$ to ,/4 ,paul1 ( ! pseudo-,areopagite ^: works 7 kn[n to e m$ieval s*ol>1 & ( ! ,/4 ,d5is :o _h become ! patron sa9t ( ,france1 0 naturally ana!matiz$ by ! monks :o bore ! sa9t's "n4 ,b$e & ,abl>d 7 by no means accurate1 b ,b$e's inkl+ ( ! tru? 0 q en\gh to get ,abl>d into s]i\s tr\ble4 ,,!obald ,,( ,,*ampagne ,!obald ,,ii1 ,c\nt ( ,blois1 ,meaux & ,*ampagne1 0 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful nobles 9 ,france1 & by ! ext5t ( 8 influ5ce fully des]v$ ! title ( ! ,great by :i* he 0 subsequ5tly kn[n4 ,8 doma9 includ$ ! mod]n dep>tm5ts ( ,ard5nes1 ,m>ne1 ,aube & ,haute-,m>ne1 ) "p ( ,aisne1 ,se9e-et-,m>ne1 ,yonne & ,meuse4 ,fur!rmore1 8 "m ,adela1 0 ! daught] ( ,william ,i ( ,engl&1 & 8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,/eph51 0 ,k+ ( ,engl& f #aace to #aaed4 ,!obald became ,c\nt ( ,blois 9 #aajb1 ,c\nt ( ,*ampagne 9 #aabe1 & ,c\nt ( ,troyes 9 #aabh4 ,_h he s *os51 he might likewise h become ,duke ( ,norm&y aft] ! dea? ( 8 uncle1 ,h5ry ,i ( ,engl&1 9 #aace4 ,he di$ 9 #aaeb4 ,,/eph5 ,,! ,,s5es*al ,!re is mu* d\bt z to :e!r ?is ,/eph5 0 ,/eph5 de ,g>l&1 dapif]1 or ano!r ,/eph51 :o 0 royal *ancellor "u ,l\is ! ,fat4 ,a *>t] ( ! ye> #aabd is sign$ by bo? ,/eph5 dapif] & ,/eph5 cancell>ius4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 ! au?ority id5tify+ ,/eph5 dapif] z ,/eph5 de ,g>l&1 s5es*al ( ,france1 is tru/wor?y4 ,,! ,,p>aclete ,among ! t]ms :i* are *>act]i/ic (1 or ev5 peculi> to1 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john is t ( ! ,p>aclete1 r5d]$ 9 ! ,k+ games v]sion ! ,com=t]4 ,! ,greek ^w ( :i* ,p>aclete is a reproduction lit]ally means advocate1 "o call$ to aid2 h5ce int]cessor4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,p>aclete appe>s *iefly 9 ,john1 xiv & xv4 ,= example3 7xiv1 #af-ag7 ,& ,i w pray ! ,fa!r1 & he %all give y ano!r ,com=t] 7,p>aclete7 t be may abide ) y = ev]2 ev5 ! _s ( tru?4 ,aga93 7xiv1 #bf7 ,b ! ,com=t] 7,p>aclete71 :i* is ! ,holy ,gho/1 :om ! ,fa!r w s5d 9 my "n1 he %all tea* y all ?+s4 ,) ,john's words z a basis1 ! ,p>aclete came to be reg>d$ z id5tical ) ! ,?ird ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 b always ) ! special attributes ( consolation & int]cession4 ,,norb]t ,,( ,,pr,,montr ,9 #aabj !re 0 e/abli%$ at ,prmontr1 a des]t place 9 ! diocese ( ,laon1 a mona/]y ( canons regul> :o foll[$ ! s-call$ ,rule ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 b ) supplem5t>y /atutes :i* made ! life "o ( exceptional sev]ity4 ,! head ( ?is mona/]y 0 ,norb]t1 subsequ5tly canoniz$4 ,8 ord] receiv$ papal approbation 9 #aabf1 & !reaft] x spread rapidly ?r\gh\t ,europe2 two hundr$ ye>s lat] !re 7 no less ?an sev5te5 hundr$ ,norb]t9e or ,premon/rat5sian mona/]ies4 ,norb]t himself became ar*bi%op ( ,magdeburg1 & x 0 9 ,g]many t ! mo/ notable "w ( 8 ord] 0 accompli%$4 ,,b]n>d ,,( ,,clairvaux ,reg>d+ ! illu/ri\s ,/4 ,b]n>d1 abbot ( ,clairvaux1 x is ne$less "h to say m ?an t 8 own age recogniz$ 9 him ! embodim5t ( ! highe/ ideal ( m$ieval mona/icism4 ,intellectually inf]ior to ,abl>d & to "s o!rs ( ^? ov] :om he triumph$1 he 0 _! sup]ior 9 moral /r5g?1 9 zeal1 & above all 9 ! p[] ( mak+ o!rs %>e 8 own en?usiasms4 ,born 9 #ajij1 he 0 r5[n$ z "o ( ! =emo/ ( ,fr5* *ur*m5 be=e he 0 ?irty ye>s old2 8 %>e 9 ! conte/ :i* foll[$ ! dea? ( ,pope ,honorius ,,ii 9 #aacj made him "o ( ! mo/ comm&+ figures 9 all ,europe4 ,x 0 to him t ! ,ci/]cian ord] ow$ its extraord9>y expansion 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,t ,abl>d %\ld h fall5 be=e s r$\btable an adv]s>y 7see ! note on ,pi]re ,abl>d7 is 9 no way surpris+1 b !re c be no d\bt t ,/4 ,b]n>d's p]secution ( ,abl>d 0 inspir$ solely by high ideals & an int5se zeal = ! tru? z ,b]n>d p]ceiv$ x4 ,,abbey ,,( ,,/4 ,,gildas ,traditionally1 at lea/1 ?is abbey 0 ! olde/ "o 9 ,brittany4 ,accord+ to ! anonym\s au?or ( ! ,life & ,de$s ( ,/4 ,gildas1 x 0 f\nd$ dur+ ! reign ( ,*ild]ic1 ! second ( ! ,m]ov+ian k+s1 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,be t z x may1 its au!ntic hi/ory _h be5 ext5sive be=e ,abl>d assum$ ! direction ( its affairs4 ,8 gruesome picture ( ! conditions :i* prevail$ !re _c1 ( c\rse1 be accept$ z :olly accurate1 b ev5 all[+ = gross exagg]ation1 ! life ( ! monks mu/ h be5 q suffici5tly sc&al\s4 ,x 0 app>5tly 9 ! clos+ p]iod ( ,abl>d's soj\rn at ! abbey ( ,/4 ,gildas t he wrote ! ,hi/oria ,calamitatum4 ,he endur$ ! life !re = ne>ly t5 ye>s2 ! date ( 8 flight is n c]ta91 b x _c h be5 f> f #aacd or #aace4 ,,leo ,,ix ,leo ,,ix1 pope f #ajdi to #ajed1 0 a native ( ,upp] ,alsace4 ,x 0 at ! ,ea/] synod ( #ajdi t he enjo9$ anew ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy1 9 connection ) :i* ! lett] quot$ by ,abl>d 0 writt54