,,conception ,,control ,,& ,,its        
,,effects ,,on ,,! ,,individual ,,& ,,! 
,,nation    by    ,,flor5ce ,e4         
,,b>rett1 ,c4,b4,e41 ,m4,d41 ,m4,s41    
,b4,sc4    ,consult+ ,ob/etric &        
,gyncological ,surgeon to ! ,royal ,free
  ,hospital4 ,presid5t ( ! ,f$]ation (  
,m$ical ,wom54    ,) a ,=eword by ,8    
,grace ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4        
#aibb                ,,preface    ,?is  
small book has be5 writt5 9 response to 
_m reque/s = "s  /atem5t reg>d+ !       
individual & national effects ( !       
widespread practice ( conception        
control4    ,x is n int5d$ to give      
m$ical advice on ! subject =1 9 my      
judgm5t1 t is be/ giv5 to ! individual  
by 8 or h] m$ical  advis]1 & w v>y 9    
diff]5t circum/ances4    ,! "q z to :e!r
 control ( conception %all or %all n be 
practis$ is a decision e?ical & n m$ical
 9 "* :5  husb& & wife are heal?y1 & 9 !
 la/ resort w be decid$  by ! individual
 pair = !mselves2 b !y w be wise to     
discuss ! "q ) _! m$ical att5dant 9 ord]

 to realise  all t is involv$ 9 _!      
decision4    ,space =bids any?+ l a full
 discussion ( ! national issues1  b t   
aspect ( ! subject dem&s q z c>eful /udy
 z  p]sonal ne$s or desires4            
,f4,e4,b4         #ca1 ,,devon%ire      
,,place1 ,w4#a4       ,septemb]1 #aibb4 
,,=eword      ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 
all[s me to use ! foll[+ lett] z  a     
,=eword to ?is little book4    ,,de>    
,,lady ,,b>rett1    ,i h read ) great   
int]e/ ! manuscript ( y\r pamphlet4 ,v  
_m ( u :o h daily to d ) ! problems &   
p]plexities (  our social life & to give
 c\nsel to ! anxi\s or ! p5it5t or  !   
p]turb$ w ?ank y = ^! cle> & cog5t      
*apt]s4 ,to  argum5ts bas$ on moral &   
religi\s pr9ciple y add ! weight (  ripe
 exp]i5ce & ( te*nical sci5tific k4 ,y\r
 words w  ga9 access to ! commons5se (  
_m :o w\ld p]haps reg>d !  op9ions (    
cl]gy z likely to be prejudic$ or       
un9=m$4 ,i am (  c\rse n qualifi$ to    
express an indep5d5t judgm5t ^u !       
m$ical or physiological aspects ( ?is   

delicate problem1 b ,i  desire on moral 
& religi\s z well z on social & national
  gr\nds to support y\r g5]al           
conclusions1 & to express ! hope  t y\r 
pap] may h wide circulation among ^? :o 
are giv+  att5tion to :at is becom+ an  
urg5t "q 9 ?\s&s (  ,engli% homes4      
,i am1       ,y\rs v truly1             
,,r&all ,,cantu>4         ,,lambe?      
,,palace1 ,s4,e4       #crd ,augu/1     
#aibb4          ,,cont5ts               
,,*apt] ,i       ,,! ,,problem ,,(      
,,to-,,day         ,,*apt] ,,ii         
,,! ,,dem& ,,= ,,k ,,& ,,f ,,:om ,,to   
,,obta9 ,,x         ,,*apt] ,,iii       
,,me?ods         ,,*apt] ,,iv       ,,! 
,,effect ,,( ,,widespread ,,conception  
,,control ,,on ,,national ,,effici5cy   
,,summ>y ,,( ,,conclusions              
,,*apt] ,i    ,,! ,,problem ,,(         
,,to-,,day      ,9 ! late sev5ties ( la/
 c5tury a pamphlet entitl$ ,! ,fruits  (
 ,philosophy 0 republi%$ by ,mrs4 ,annie
 ,besant & ,mr4 ,*>les  ,bradlaugh1 9 _!
 desire to mitigate ! suff]+ ( poor wom5

 :o  7 ov]burd5$ by "w & fur!r weak5$ by
 frequ5t  *ild-be>+4 ,!y resolv$ to face
 public obloquy & ev5 legal  prosecution
 9 ord] to br+ to ^! wom5 k ( h[ to     
prev5t conception1 :i*1 9 _! op9ion1    
w\ld give ! relief  !y s sorely ne$$4 ,z
 is well kn[n1 ! lat] pamphlet on !     
same subject writt5 by !mselves 0 )drawn
 f publication by  ,mrs4 ,besant 9 #ahhf
 on religi\s gr\nds4    ,dur+ ! la/ few 
ye>s ! idea ( ! ne$ = conception control
  has aga9 become prom95t1 p>tly z a    
revolt aga9/ ! bondage (  wom5 9        
*ild-be>+1 p>tly acc5tuat$ by !         
difficulties &  unc]ta9ties ( an        
adequate livelihood1 & ! desire to h a  
few  *ildr5 well educat$ & c>$ = r ?an  
_m :o %ift m  or less = !mselves4    ,b 
also ! claim is made t m>riage exi/s at 
lea/ z mu* =  ! fulfilm5t ( happ9ess 9  
union ) ! belov$ z = !  procreation (   
*ildr52 & t x %\ld be possible = a m>ri$
  pair to h ! fulle/ gratification )\t  
fe> ( *ildr5 unless  !y desire !m4      
,o!rs1 b ^! are extremi/s1 g s f> z to  

claim t ap>t  altoge!r f m>riage v[s1   
sexual int]c\rse %\ld be !  exp]i5ce (  
all1 & t k ( h[ to avoid ! bir? (       
illegitimate *ildr5 %\ld be giv5 to all4
    ,! discussion ( ?is subject has tak5
 place "u ! title (  ,bir? ,control1 b !
 control or regulation ( bir?s is n     
really  ! po9t "u discussion4 ,a v big  
factor 9 ! dim9ution (  bir?s comes "u !
 head+ ( abortions1 :e!r volunt>y or    
?r\gh conditions :i* might be rem$i$4 ,t
 subject is n  t\*$ ^u 9 ?is pap]1 b    
only me?ods :i* avoid conception1  :i*  
is1 ( c\rse1 a v diff]5t subject f !    
l>g] "o (  avoid+ bir?s4    ,at fir/    
sight x might seem a comp>atively simple
 ?+1 9 view (  ! k :i* already exi/s ( !
 physiological processes  involv$ 9     
conception1 to advise a me?od :i* %all  
prev5t  conception at w )\t h>mful      
effect ^u man or woman & yet  leave     
int]c\rse unimpair$4 ,b ev5 at fir/     
sight x is obvi\s  t :atev] k may be    
available1 & :atev] me?ods may be       
devis$1 x w\ld n be easy to convey ?is k

 rightly to !  individual x is hop$ to  
b5efit )\t do+ h>m to o!rs4  ,fur!r     
?\ght %[s t ! national problems involv$ 
are s  important & f> rea*+ 9 effects t 
!y might well arre/ !  att5tion ( ! mo/ 
c>eless advocate ( indiscrim9ate        
conception  control4    ,?is is a       
subject1 !re=e1 :i* requires c>eful     
consid]ation  f ! po9t ( view ( !       
individual1 ( public morality1 & (      
national welf>e--& ! m closely x is     
/udi$ ! m app>5t  are ! f> rea*+ issues 
involv$4 ,x is improbable t !  practice 
( us+ contraceptives w cont9ue = ev5 a  
g5]ation  )\t reveal+ ! h>mful effects  
:i* mu/ to "s ext5t ensue4    ,9 ! :ole 
discussion ( ?is subject x is important 
to keep 9  m9d t ! physical is only "o  
aspect ( ! sex relation4    ,9 !        
evolution :i* sex has %>$ ) all else1 ! 
psy*ic side  appe>s ev5 9 ! high]       
animals4 ,9 !m ! desire is n = m]e      
indiscrim9ate physical satisfaction1 b !
 elem5t ( *oice comes  91 a factor :i*  
sometimes upsets ! plans ( bre$]s4 ,9   

man ?is  aspect ( ! relation is all     
important4 ,! high] side ( sex1 or  :at 
we may call ! psy*ical second>y sex     
*>act]s1 seem to  ext5d ?r\gh ! :ole    
range ( m5tal & spiritual activities4   
,because ( ?is !re is fre%ness ( contact
 9 m5tal & spiritual  int]c\rse betwe5  
m5 & wom5 :i* diff]s some:at f t  betwe5
 individuals ( ! same sex1 & v mu* ( !  
joy ( life  spr+s f ! impact ( ^! diff]+
 yet complet+ selves !  "o ^u ! o!r4    
,:]e ! :ole be+ ent]s into ! union ( !  
sexes ! complete  joy ( m>riage is      
realis$1 ! *>act]i/ic ( :i* is t x  does
 n fade1 b becomes ev] deep] & m fully  
realis$1 a sure  indication t ! highe/  
pleasure ( sex union is only atta9$  :5 
x consummates a love :i* involves mutual
 sympa?y &  consid]ation4 ,physical     
union alone produces dissatisfaction ! m
  quickly 9 proportion z x is physical  
only2 on ! o!r h&1 :5  all p>ts ( !     
nature f9d _! c\nt]p>t 9 ano!r1 ! joy ( 
su* int]c\rse p]vades ! :ole life1 &    
frequ5t repetition (  physical int]c\rse

 is n ess5tial to its highe/ developm5t4
    ,?is is well kn[n to all true lov]s 
:o h = v>i$ reasons  ex]cis$ "s volunt>y
 self-control 9 reg>d to ! physical side
  ( sex 9 m>riage1 ei!r 9 def]5ce ( ! "o
 to ! desire (  ! o!r1 or to avoid too  
frequ5t *ild-be>+1 or 9 special  seasons
 su* z ,l5t4    ,on ! o!r h& x has be5  
obs]v$ by mo/ p t _m  m>riages :i* seem 
to promise well1 quickly lose ev5 to !  
eye (  ! outsid] all ! romance ( ! days 
( c\rt%ip4 ,is n too  frequ5t physical  
indulg5ce sometimes ! cause8    ,ev5 !  
"t ( c\rt%ip is spoil$ by unre/ra9$     
demon/ration (  affection1 & ! beauty ( 
! high] side ( love is apt to lose  its 
delicate bloom by ov] acc5tuation ( !   
physical 9 m>riage2  husb& & wife sadly 
admit to !mselves t disillusionm5t has  
come--! real tru? be+ t 9 seek+ only    
physical satisfaction  9 ea* o!r1 _!    
eyes h become bl9d$ to ^? high]         
qualities :i* ea* glimps$ 9 ! o!r dur+ !
 happi] days (  c\rt%ip1 & ! road ( !   
lov+ he>ts1 :i* !y hop$ to  tread ?r\gh 

life1 has be5 miss$ because !y h =gott5 
t  man is a _s & do? n live by bread    
alone4    ,to _m ! introduction ( ?is   
aspect ( ! "q may seem  beside ! m>k4 ,=
 !m ! practical "q 9 a _w ( s5se  is h[ 
to avoid hav+ *ildr5 :5 = any reason !y 
are n  want$1 & yet leave unimpair$     
facilities = m>ri$ life4 ,x is  true !  
problem is n always /at$ s bluntly4 ,!  
uses (  contraceptives are expla9$1     
toge!r ) a recomm5dation =  mod]ation 9 
physical int]c\rse2 b z w be %ewn bel[1 
if  su* mod]ation is really practis$1 x 
is possible to live a natural  m>ri$    
life su* z r5d]s unnecess>y ! use (     
artificial  contraceptives ) all _!     
att5dant evils & yet limit ! size  ( !  
family4    ,b x is necess>y to consid] m
 c>efully ! claim made to-day  t        
contraceptives are bo? necess>y &       
h>mless1 & t public  propag&a on !      
subject is desirable4    ,!re are sev]al
 diff]5t gr\ps = :om relief is claim$3--
    #a4 ,wom5 :o are suff]+ f *ronic or 
f tempor>y ill-heal?  are frequ5tly n 9 

a condition to be> ! /ra9 ( *ild-be>+1  
& inde$ x may become a real dang] to _! 
future heal?1 ei!r  m5tal or physical4  
#b4 ,!re are cases ( inh]it$ disease1   
m5tal or physical1 :i*  ought to        
prohibit *ild-be>+4    #c4 ,!re are     
ov]-work$ wom5 ^: daily "w1 add$ to     
*ild-be>+1 de/roys _! heal? & vitality4 
,^! p are  f\nd n only among ! s-call$  
work+ classes2 ! same  conditions )     
some:at diff]5t types ( /ra9 are f\nd 9 
wives  ( pr(essional m5 ) v sl5d]       
incomes4    #d4 ,"s p>5ts wi% to space  
_! *ildr51 t great] att5tion  may be    
giv5 to ea*1 or !y wi% to limit ! numb] 
( _! family  on acc\nt ( f9ancial & o!r 
difficulties4    ,) ^! & o!r            
consid]ations 9 view1 ! widespread tea*+
  ( me?ods ( prev5t+ conception is      
advocat$ because x is  claim$3--    7a7 
,t except = g5]al propag&a1 ! greate/   
suff]]s1 viz41  poor wom5 ) con/antly   
recurr+ pregnancies1 w\ld o!rwise  nev] 
le>n ( any me?od ( relief4    7b7 ,t _m 
"y p :o = v>i\s reasons1 su* z h\s+ or  

f9ancial difficulties or inh]it$        
disease1 feel !mselves unable to  h a   
family1 w\ld if su* k 7 available m>ry  
mu*  e>li]1 & _! natural desires w\ld be
 satisfi$1 :ile ap>t  f m>riage !y might
 resort to promiscu\s int]c\rse4    7c7 
,t homes :]e ! gr[+ difficulties & /ra9 
( a  cont9ually increas+ family are     
lead+ to e/rangem5t betwe5  husb& &     
wife1 are re/or$ to happ9ess :5 sav$ f !
  difficult *oice betwe5 cont95ce1 :i*  
!y h nev] tra9$  !mselves to practice1  
or _m *ildr5 ) :i* !y _c cope4    ,!re  
are1 h[ev]1 s]i\s fallacies 9 ^!        
cont5tions4    ,! propag&i/s (          
conception control appe> to take x =    
grant$  t aft] prev5tive measures 9 e>ly
 y\?1 *ildr5 may be  conceiv$ at w :5ev]
 !y are desir$2 &1 moreov]1 x is  assum$
 t ap>t f su* precautions e woman w     
conceive  annually & w cont9ue to d s   
until #aj-ab *ildr5 h be5  born4        
,nei!r ( ^! suppositions is support$ by 
facts4 ,on ! contr>y1  !re are l>ge     
numb]s ( m>ri$ c\ples :o w\ld give any?+

 to  h *ildr51 b h po/pon$ x until      
circum/ances %\ld seem  q desirable1 &  
!n1 to _! grief1 no *ildr5 are giv5 to  
!m4 ,x is v unfair to tea* p t !y may   
safely po/pone  ! natural t5d5cy to be> 
*ildr5 9 y\? & rely ^u hav+  !m lat] 9  
life4 ,probably gyncologi/s are consult$
 m (t5 by  wom5 :o desire *ildr5 b d n h
 !m1 ?an by ^? :o  wi% to avoid hav+    
!m--! tru? be+ t ! t5d5cy among  p 9    
com=table surr\nd+s is t[>ds relative   
/]ility  r ?an t[>ds excessive f]tility4
    ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is aspect ( ! 
"q w f9d !  facts admirably set =? 9    
,mr4 ,pell's book on ,! ,law ( ,bir?s & 
,dea?s1 be+ a /udy ( ! v>iation 9 !     
degree ( animal  f]tility "u ! influ5ce 
( environm5t4    ,he f9ds t !           
all-important factor :i* det]m9es       
f]tility is  ! am\nt ( n]v\s en]gy ( !  
organism1 & t n]v\s en]gy  is produc$ or
 modifi$ by ?ree specially influ5tial   
factors1 viz41  ,food1 bo? quantity &   
quality2 ,climate1 hot or cold--moi/ or 
dry2  &1 la/ly1 all ^? v>i$ conditions  

:i* make = great] or  less] m5tal &     
physical activity4    ,f]tility1 broadly
 speak+1 v>ies 9 inv]se proportion to ! 
degree ( n]v\s en]gy or :at we may call 
vitality4    ,conditions1 !re=e1 :i* l[]
 ! g5]al vitality bel[ !  normal produce
 abnormal f]tility4 ,?is excessive      
*ild-be>+ "u  pres5t conditions /ill    
fur!r l[]s ! /&>d ( life & !  heal? ( ! 
"m1 h5ce a vici\s circle is set up1 !   
only  escape f :i* w come by su*        
consid]ation ( ! laws (  heal? relat+ to
 "w1 h\s+1 food & recreation z %all     
ensure  ! maximum ( vitality to !       
work]s4 ,?is is ! true me?od (          
conception control4    ,!re comes a po9t
 9 ! developm5t ( n]v\s en]gy :i* is    
productive ( /]ility4 ,x is true t      
pr9ciples bas$ on s _m  v>y+ factors w  
necess>ily appe> to fail 9 individual   
cases4  ,environm5t ) its influ5ce on ! 
n]v\s en]gy ( ! individual  w be modifi$
 by ! inh]it$ t5d5cy ( t individual     
t[>ds  f]tility or ! rev]se4 ,we f9d1   
!re=e1 isolat$ cases ( l>ge  families   

among ! well-to-d & small families among
 ^? ^:  vitality is bel[ ! normal1 b if 
! g5]al pr9ciple is true we  %\ld expect
 to f9d a l>g] numb] ( /]ile m>riages   
among !  well-to-d ?an among ^? ^: lives
 are m full ( h>d%ip1 &  ?is und\bt$ly  
is ! case4    ,?is aspect ( ! problem is
 des]v+ ( c>eful /udy4 ,! desire  =     
*ildr5 9 s _m homes :]e e advantage c\ld
 be giv51  may be gratifi$ :5 m k ( h[  
wisely to modify !  environm5t ( ! ri*  
is )9 our grasp4    ,x may be t ! m     
simple life among ^? :o h mu* w  give to
 !m ! prize ( *ildr5 :i* !y covet m ?an 
?+s  :i* weal? c buy4    ,b let u return
 = a mom5t to ! false expectation t     
*ildr5  w come to all unless prev5t$4   
,! results ( ?is assumption are really  
s]i\s4 ,!y involve !  tra9+ ( l>ge      
numb]s ( p 9 unnatural practices1 :i* 9 
_m cases are unnecess>y1 ev5 if !y 7    
desirable4 ,!y rob _m  families ( !     
*ildr5 :o w\ld h be5 ! delight ( _!     
p>5ts ?r\gh middle & lat] life4         
,moreov]1 x is obvi\s t advice :i* may  

be q necess>y 9  cases ( ill-heal? or   
special conditions1 may be fundam5tally 
wrong  to give broadca/ to all          
individuals1 = ap>t f ! fact t  :5 giv5 
to all x is l>gely unnecess>y1 !re are  
o!r s]i\s  objections1 z foll[s3--      
#a4 ,a public op9ion at ! pres5t "t is  
be+ gradually produc$  :i* takes x =    
grant$ t z a matt] ( good =m "y p  %\ld 
n h *ildr5 = a few ye>s aft] m>riage1 & 
x is  becom+ a common practice to />t   
m>ri$ life ) sordid &  unnatural        
prep>ations = a natural act2 yet _m ( ^!
 "y  p1 m5 & wom5 alike1 are mo/ anxi\s 
to h *ildr51 &  only seek to "k h[ to   
prev5t !m because !y believe x to be  ! 
?+ to d4    ,"o or two illu/rations :i* 
h come to my p]sonal k w  p]haps %[ !   
k9d ( idea :i* is convey$ to ! m9d ( "y 
p by books & spee*es on ?is subject1    
?\gh su* results may  n h be5 desir$ by 
! au?ors or speak]s4    ,a "y bride came
 to h] "m on return+ f h] honeymoon &   
said1 ,"m1 h[ long mu/ we wait be=e hav+
 *ildr5--is x  really necess>y to prev5t

 !m = a ye> or two8 ,we are bo? dy+  to 
h babies4    ,a "y c\ple on ! eve (     
m>riage consult$ a gyncologi/  reg>d+ ! 
"q ( us+ ! cap pess>y to prev5t !       
possibility ( hav+ *ildr5 = a few ye>s4 
,! bride1 :o 0 greatly di/ress$1 produc$
 ! pess>y :i* %e  _h pur*as$1 & said %e 
c\ld n possibly use x2 h] fianc1  h[ev]1
 _h be5 advis$ t %e c\ld1 & ought to d  
s1 h5ce  ! fir/ s]i\s dispute _h aris5  
betwe5 !m1 cl\d+ !  future4    ,%e 0    
told by h] doctor t x 0 q impossible =  
h]1 &  ?is fully satisfi$ ! future      
husb&4    ,! next po9t 0 if ?is me?od 7 
impossible :at %\ld be us$4    ,!y 7 a  
spl5did "y c\ple1 ) ample means to      
support a  family1 & ! doctor naturally 
ask$--,b = :at purpose d y  ne$ any     
me?ods to prev5t *ildr5 at all8 ,!y     
hesitat$ &  look$ at ea* o!r1 & !n      
said--,i don't "k1 b we ?\ght x  0 ! ?+ 
to d4    ,!y left ) ! :ole nightm>e put 
aside1 det]m9$ n to spoil  ! p]fect     
consummation ( _! happ9ess4    ,_m      
simil> cases might be quot$ :]e "y p1   

)\t any  consid]$ motive1 are act+ 9    
accordance ) ! vogue ( !  mom5t4    #b4 
,! use ( contraceptives does n enc\rage 
self-control1 yet !  cultivation (      
self-control is a f> high] ga9 to !     
individual &  ! nation ?an any app>5t   
advantages obta9$ by its ab&onm5t4      
,by no means unimportant is ! influ5ce t
 wide diffusion ( !  k ( h[ to prev5t   
conception w\ld h 9 caus+ m  irregul>   
unions & great] promiscuity 9 sex       
relations4 ,! effect  ( ?is w\ld n only 
loos51 r ?an /r5g!n1 ! m>riage  tie1 b  
w\ld inevitably lead to an ext5sion (   
v5]eal disease4  ,_m p seem to ?9k t    
contraceptives prev5t v5]eal disease  at
 ! same "t t !y prev5t conception4 ,b   
?is is n s4 ,!  use ( me?ods ( prev5tion
 by wom5 is no protection to !m f       
infection4    #c4 ,we h1 moreov]1 to    
take a wid] view1 & consid] :o w        
receive & act ^u ! advice giv51 & h5ce  
:at ! result w  be on ! diff]5tial      
bir?-rate ( ! community4    ,x is q     
obvi\s t ! educat$ classes c mo/ easily 

foll[  in/ructions :i* result 9         
protection f conception1 & s9ce  su* k  
mo/ easily circulates among ! m highly  
end[$  classes1 x has be5 claim$ t x is 
important to make ef=ts to  let ! k be s
 widespread t x may rea* all4 ,! result1
  h[ev]1 c\ld only be t ! practice (    
conception control w\ld  spread ?r\gh\t 
! upp]1 middle & m intellig5t ( !  work+
 classes1 & ?is w\ld involve a v s]i\s  
r$uction 9  ! bir?s ( ^? :o furni% !    
lead]s & effici5t work]s 9  all bran*es 
( life1 & 9 ^? only4    ,= ! bir?-rate  
among/ ! lea/ intellig5t1 lea/ effici5t 
&  ! m5tally defici5t w be unaffect$4 ,x
 mu/ be app>5t t  aft] a v few g5]ations
 ( su* we$+ out ( ! be/1 ) !  cont9u\s  
multiplication ( ! wor/ type ( citiz51 !
 g5]al  /&>d ( effici5cy1 ent]prise &   
executive skill ( ! nation  w\ld be     
s]i\sly impair$4 ,su*1 briefly /at$1 is 
! problem  be=e ! public at ! pres5t "t4
          ,,*apt] ,,ii    ,,! ,,dem& ,,=
 ,,k ,,& ,,f ,,:om ,,to ,,obta9 ,,x     
,ev5 ! brief survey giv5 9 ! fir/ *apt] 

w h sugge/$  to ! read] t ! p :o ask = k
 seek x =  v>i\s reasons4 ,inde$1 ! fir/
 ?+ t /rikes anyone :o gives            
consid]ation to ! subject is ! diff]5ce 
9 type &  circum/ance ( ! p = :om relief
 is claim$4 ,we beg9 to  realise at once
 t ! subject ( conception control is an 
intimate  & individual "o1 & c only     
really be dealt ) by advice :i*  is giv5
 to ! individual & n to ! public at     
l>ge4    ,?is is p]haps mo/ obvi\s 9 !  
fir/ gr\p m5tion$ on page #ag1  :]e !   
woman is suff]+ f *ronic or acute       
disease1 & !  necessity = prev5t+       
conception is cle> to h] m$ical advis]4 
,if disease r5d]s *ild-be>+ a dang] to !
 life & heal? (  ! "m1 x becomes a      
positive duty ( h] doctor to prev5t su* 
a  cata/rophe--b ! me?od advis$ w diff] 
accord+ to !  special nature ( ! case4  
,aga91 :]e 9 ! case ( husb& or wife !re 
is a s]i\s  inh]itance ( m5tal or       
physical disease1 & especially :5 !     
same weakness exi/s 9 bo? families1 x is
 ju/ly reg>d$ z a duty  by ! m>ri$ pair 

n to br+ *ildr5 into ! _w4 ,x may be    
cont5d$ t m5 & wom5 ) su* an inh]itance 
%\ld n  m>ry1 b t is a matt] = !        
decision ( ! individuals  conc]n$4 ,x n 
infrequ5tly happ5s t m>riage has tak5   
place  be=e !y "k ( ! inh]it$ t5d5cy4 ,9
 su* cases cle>ly !  advice ( ! family  
doctor %\ld be giv5 z to ! be/ c\rse to 
pursue 9 ord] to avoid conception4    ,!
 case ( ! ov]work$ & burd5$ "m ) a l>ge 
&  increas+ family is ne>ly alli$ to t (
 a woman ) disease1  ?\gh 9 h] case !   
causes = ill-heal? are m complicat$4    
,:ile x is true t ill-heal? & premature 
age+ 9 work+ wom5  are ! result ( _m    
causes1 yet :]e *ild-be>+ /ill fur!r    
injures heal? x is ess5tial t %e %\ld   
consult h] m$ical  advis] on ?is po9t1 =
 %e n only ne$s treatm5t to re/ore h]   
heal?1 b also advice specially suitable 
to h] own case1 z to !  be/ me?od to    
avoid conception = ! "t be+1 & su*      
advice  w v>y accord+ z ! disability is 
tempor>y or p]man5t4    ,x is1 happily1 
z possible = ! poor woman to obta9      

advice 9 all  matt]s ( heal? z x is = ! 
ri*4 ,! mo!rs ( ! c\ntry  are 9 t\*     
ev]y:]e ) mat]nity cl9ics1 :]e doctors  
advise  !m on all que/ions ( heal?      
relat+ to pregnancy1 & treat ea*  woman 
z a sep>ate individual4    ,b ! case ( !
 poor work+ woman ov]burd5$ ) "w :i*  %e
 _c accompli%--yet ) ! add$ burd5 ( be>+
 m  *ildr5 ?an h] m =tunate si/]s1      
des]ves "s fur!r  consid]ation4    ,:at 
is x t prematurely ages s _m ( ^! wom5 (
 !  slums--is x *ild-be>+ alone8    ,!  
answ] to t is imm$iately 9 ! negative1 =
 wom5 9  com=table circum/ances may h   
l>ge families1 ) no sign (  we>9ess &   
dejection4 ,no1 ! causes ( ill-heal? &  
debility  are div]se1 & to pret5d to    
solve ! "q by conception  control is a  
mock]y1 = x salves ! consci5ce ( !      
community  )\t really deal+ ) ! "q ( !  
disabilities ( !  work+ woman1 or ! true
 cause ( h] excessive f]tility4         
,ill-heal? 9 work+-class mo!rs (t5 has  
its orig9 9 inh]it$  weakness & lack (  
c>e 9 *ildhood4 ,x is fur!r acc5tuat$ by

  ov]work1 ) no lab\r-sav+ devices2 lack
 ( suitable food2 too  few1 if any1 h\rs
 ( recreation1 & h5ce v little out-door 
ex]cise4 ,badly v5tilat$ homes deprive !
 "m ( necess>y  supplies ( oxyg51 &     
insuffici5t sleep is (t5 ! la/ /raw  :i*
 breaks d[n ! pati5t burd5 be>]4 ,a true
 & haunt+  picture is giv5 9 a rec5tly  
publi%$ book call$ ,! ,woman 9 !        
,little ,h\se 7:i* fir/ appe>$ 9 a s]ies
 ( articles 9 !  j\rnal ,"t & ,tide71   
describ+ ! anxiety ( a work+ woman at   
night to keep h] baby quiet t ! husb&   
may sleep4    ,n[ x is q true t a small 
family in/ead ( a l>ge "o w  dim9i% ! "w
 & anxieties ( su* a "m1 b x w n give   
h] ! rem$ies :i* %e ne$s1 nor w x dim9i%
 ! excessive  sexual dem&s made ^u h]4  
,ev]yone :o kn[s ^! wom5 intimately     
realises :at an exhau/+  feature is ?is 
habit ( excess due to lack ( k or       
self-re/ra9t on ! "p ( ! husb&4    ,i   
believe if facilities 7 provid$ :]eby ! 
woman c\ld d h]  laundry ) mod]n        
appliances outside h] own home1 if      

family meals  7 arrang$ 9 s]vice rooms  
equival5t to ! arrangem5ts 9  s]vice    
flats1 & if !re 7 cr*e rooms :]e *ildr5 
might be  left = an h\r or two 9 safety 
:ile necess>y "w 0 done--we  %\ld f9d a 
greatly increas$ /&>d ( com=t ev5 9     
exi/+  homes1 & a great improvem5t 9    
diet>y = ! :ole family4 ,su*  relief1   
add$ to tea*+ bo? to husb& & wife z to !
 times (  conception1 w\ld revolutionise
 ! life ( wom5 m ?an any  tea*+ (       
artificial bir? control1 & w\ld lift x  
up to a high]  level in/ead ( degrad+ x 
to ! grossly physical4    ,we come to v 
diff]5t consid]ations 9 gr\p #d1 p4 #ah1
 :]e  *oice r ?an necessity impels !    
p>5ts to limitation ( !  family4 ,!     
tea*+ n[ be+ advocat$ by c]ta9 books &  
pamphlets advises delib]ate delay 9     
*ild-be>+ = a p]iod aft]  m>riage1 & !  
spac+ ( c]ta9 p]iods betwe5 ! bir?s (   
su* *ildr5 z are all[$ to come into !   
_w1 ) limitation  ( ! numb] 9 ea*       
family4    ,tea*+ on ^! l9es1 if foll[$1
 w\ld involve an artificial mode  ( sex 

life always--natural spontane\s union   
w\ld f9d no place4  ,already "y wives   
are seek+ advice = "s relief f me?ods ( 
prep>ation :i* !y say h de/roy$ 9 !m all
 spontane\s  desire4 ,! trag$y ( x all  
is t ev5 to atta9 ! end 9               
view--mod]ation 9 ! size ( families--su*
 me?ods are to a l>ge  ext5t unnecess>y4
 ,n to e "y m>ri$ c\ple does a *ild     
arrive at ! end ( a ye>4 ,"s1 us+ no    
artificial *ecks1 wait  two or ?ree ye>s
 be=e ! fir/ baby comes4 ,ev5 if x does 
come1  h[ev]1 at ! end ( a ye>1 !re are 
_m advantages to  c\nt]balance ! small  
means & p]haps h>d liv+ ( ! "y  pair4 ,=
 :5 p are "y !y c put up ) small means1 
because !y are /rong en\gh to "w h>d &  
help ea* o!r2  inde$1 ! dem& = little "w
 & _m luxuries 9 y\? is n a  heal?y "o1 
x is a sign ( decad5ce 9 ! race4        
,moreov]1 ev5 ?\gh an e>ly family       
involve real h>d%ip =  a:ile1 x has !   
great advantage t p>5ts & *ildr5 lat] on
  are /ill "y toge!r1 & t means f> m to 
! *ild 9  und]/&+ fri5d%ip & helpfulness

 dur+ ! mo/ critical  p]iod ( life ?an  
extra com=ts or pleasures w\ld h meant  
to  ! p>5ts1 & if "y p>5ts realis$ ?is1 
w\ld !y n put  ! *ild fir/8    ,!       
s-call$ advantages ( a few ye>s betwe5  
"o *ild & ! next  s t ! p>5ts may give  
full] c>e & att5tion to ea*1 are  f>    
outweigh$ f ! *ild's po9t ( view by !   
advantages (  playmates 9 ! nurs]y (    
ne>ly its own age1 :o are a s\rce (     
education 9 ! give & take ( life su* z  
no adult c supply4 ,if  p>5ts wi% to h  
only ?ree or f\r *ildr51 x is to !      
advantage ( ! "m z well z ( ! *ildr51 to
 h ! little  family e>ly 9 life--!y are 
!n all 9 ! nurs]y toge!r1 &  lat] all at
 s*ool1 & h] life "w is 9 ?is way s     
arrang$  t %e may give mo/ s]vice to !  
_w 9 addition to c>ry+ on  ! race4      
,our conclusion is t = mo!rs & *ildr5 x 
is v desirable  t no contraceptives %\ld
 be us$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( m>ri$  life4    
,9 ! va/ majority ( families :]e no     
re/rictions or unnatural  means are us$ 
& :]e mo!rs nurse _! *ildr5 = eight or  

n9e mon?s1 *ildr5 only come e two ye>s4 
,ev5 if a "y  c\ple decide t !y _c af=d 
to br+ up m ?an f\r  *ildr51 !y h fir/  
to prove t f\r *ildr5 w be giv5  !m--9  
_m cases !y w n h s _m1 & z ye>s g by ! 
f]tility ( ! "m becomes progressively   
less1 s t if  *ild-be>+ is po/pon$ till 
aft] ?irty1 9 a c]ta9 numb] (  families 
no *ildr5 are born4 ,!re are _m m5 &    
wom5 :o  bitt]ly regret hav+ let ! ye>s 
g by 9 :i* *ildr5 might  h be5 born to  
!m1 & x is only fair t "y c\ples (      
to-day %\ld fully und]/& ?is risk4      
,,*apt] ,,iii    ,,me?ods      ,!re are 
c]ta9 po9ts 9 reg>d to me?ods ( prev5t+ 
conception  :i* %\ld be made cle>4    ,x
 is1 ( c\rse1 obvi\s t conception c be  
volunt>ily  controll$ by ab/5tion f     
int]c\rse except :5 *ildr5 are  desir$4 
,?is has be5 call$ a c\nsel ( p]fection4
 ,x c\ld only  rightly be s describ$ :]e
 su* a me?od ( life 0 bo? desir$  &     
approv$ by bo? husb& & wife4 ,x w\ld n  
be a fair ?+  = ei!r to en=ce a         
practically celibate life on ! o!r )\t  

! fulle/ und]/&+ & cons5t be=e ! m>riage
 v[s 7  tak54    ,b conception c also be
 controll$ by avoidance ( ^? p>ts (  !  
mon?ly cycle 9 :i* conception mo/       
commonly takes place4 ,t  9 ! great     
majority ( wom5 !re is a "t 9 ! mon?ly  
cycle  :5 no conception occurs has be5  
not$ = a long "t4 ,!  r\gh-&-ready me?od
 ( reckon+ ! date ( bir? 9 relations to 
! la/ m5/rual p]iod is an example ( !   
assumption t  conception w probably h   
tak5 place a week lat]1 & !  frequ5cy ) 
:i* su* reckon+ is ju/ifi$ %[s t x is n 
altoge!r unf\nd$4 ,dur+ ! w> x 0        
possible to make "s m  exact obs]vations
 ow+ to ! %ort leave grant$ to soldi]s  
to  visit _! homes4 ,seigel has publi%$ 
a pap] 9 ! ,mn*5]  ,m$iz9is*e           
,wo*5s*rift1 #aiaf1 9 :i* he gives      
in=mation  reg>d+ ! conception ( betwe5 
two & ?ree hundr$ *ildr5  born dur+ !   
w>4 ,he f9ds t ! likelihood (           
f]tilisation  increases f ! fir/ day (  
m5/ruation1 rea*+ ! highe/  po9t six    
days lat]1 ! f]tile p]iod rema9s almo/  

at ! same  height till ! #ab? or #ac?   
day1 & !n decl9es gradually until  !    
#bbnd day1 aft] :i* !re is absolute     
/]ility4    ,?is sugge/s t conception   
control c be atta9$ )\t  artificial     
me?ods if int]c\rse is conf9$ to "o week
 9 !  mon?4    ,su* control (           
conception1 ?\gh natural1 does n make x 
any m  desirable to space ! bir?s unduly
 s t ! *ildr5 are br\ght  up 9 sep>ate  
units in/ead ( 9 a happy family gr\p 9  
:i* !y  c %>e games & int]e/s--b x does 
avoid ! risks :i* are  associat$ )      
artificial me?ods ( conception control4 
,x is n propos$ to discuss 9 detail     
artificial me?ods 9 ?is  pamphlet1      
because no advice c be wisely giv5 on   
?is subject 9 a  g5]al way4 ,^? :o aft] 
c>eful consid]ation *oose to use        
artificial means to prev5t *ild-be>+ w  
be wise if !y consult  _! m$ical        
att5dant z to ^? me?ods :i* are lea/    
h>mful  = _! individual case1 & ask =   
c>eful in/ruction 9 _!  use4    ,mo/ ( !
 me?ods s widely adv]tis$ are productive

 ( diseas$  conditions1 :e!r f ! nature 
( ! me?od itself or f !  way 9 :i* x is 
us$1 & all ( ^? recomm5d$ to wom5       
int]f]e ) normal physiological          
processes4 ,! object aim$ at 9  me?ods  
recomm5d$ to wom51 is ei!r to produce1  
by drugs or  o!rwise1 conditions 9 !    
vag9a inimical to ! life ( ! male  cell1
 or to prev5t by me*anical means !      
reception ( ! sem5  into ! ut]us4 ,ow+  
to ! unc]ta9ty 9 ! results ( ei!r (  !  
above me?ods ( prev5tion1 ! lat]        
editions ( books :i*  tea* conception   
control n[ advocate ! use ( bo? me?ods  
at !  same "t 9 ord] to approximate m   
closely to c]ta9ty ( result4    ,all ^! 
artificial prep>ations = int]c\rse dem& 
f !  woman an inve/igation ( & int]f]5ce
 ) h] own int]nal  organs1 :i* is       
revolt+ to all dec5t wom51 & su* tea*+  
is  directly oppos$ to ! advocacy (     
cleanl9ess & non-int]f]5ce  ) ! g5ital  
organs1 :i* is ! natural habit (        
heal?y-m9d$  wom54    ,! effects1 h[ev]1
 g fur!r ?an ?is4 ,nature has provid$ 9 

!  heal?y vag9al secretions an antidote 
to infection :i* quickly  de/roys h>mful
 g]ms4 ,if ! natural secretions are     
alt]$ x is  difficult to re/ore !m to _!
 natural quality4    ,pr(essor ,ar?ur   
,?omson1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 has %ewn 7,briti%
 ,m$ical  ,j\rnal1 ,janu>y #g?1 #aibb7 f
 obs]vations ( ! l9+ ( !  womb 9 animals
 & 9 wom5 t ! weight ( evid5ce goes to  
prove t its function is m likely to be  
absorb5t ?an excretive1  & t z su* x    
plays an important "p 9 ! animal        
economy4    ,aft] describ+ at l5g? !    
evid5ce t ! male secretion  consi/s     
l>gely ( ! secretions f special gl&s z  
well z !  sex cells1 he ref]s to ! fact 
t ^! are all l>gely receiv$  into &     
absorb$ by ! gl&s ( ! womb1 & he        
discusses !  probability t su*          
absorption pr(\ndly & b5eficially       
affects  ! physiological reaction 9 !   
woman4 ,he po9ts out t ! use (          
artificial *ecks :ile prev5t+           
f]tilisation may also be !  means (     
depriv+ ! female ( c]ta9 secretions :i* 

may ex]cise  a f> rea*+ influ5ce on h]  
economy2 & he concludes1 ,z a rule  we  
_c int]f]e ) ! normal c\rse ( nature )\t
 "s  consequ5t evil result4 ,may ?is n  
be an in/ance 9 :i* = "s  app>5t ga9 9  
"o direction1 ! woman pays ! p5alty8    
,,*apt] ,,iv    ,,! ,,effect ,,(        
,,widespread ,,conception ,,control ,,on
 ,,national ,,effici5cy      ,9 e nation
 individual capacity v>ies )9 wide      
limits4 ,we h  m5 & wom5 ( brilliant    
atta9m5ts1 & ( all grades (  intellig5ce
 rang+ d[nw>ds to ! m5tally defective4  
,!re is no  d\bt t all grades (         
intellig5ce c be improv$ by education1  
b !re appe>s to be a limit to ! capacity
 ( developm5t ( ea*  individual4 ,l[]   
intellig5ce1 !re=e1 is n only due to    
lack (  opportunity1 b to an inborn     
con/itutional defect4    ,fur!r /udy has
 %ewn ?is defect to be h]$it>y--! p>5ts 
or  gr&p>5ts ( su* p %ew defective      
intellig5ce1 & _!  (fspr+ are likely to 
d ! same2 inde$1 if two m5tally         
defective  p m>ry x is fairly c]ta9 t _!

 *ildr5 w all be  m5tally defective4    
,!re are1 h[ev]1 no %>ply def9$ classes 
( intellig5ce2 j  z ! m5tally defective 
are 9 _m grades1 s ord9>y m5 &  wom5 v>y
 f l[ or av]age intellig5ce up to out/&+
 cases (  g5ius or capacity4    ,by !   
new] me?ods ( m5tal te/+ x has be5 %ewn 
t *ildr5  ( v>i\s classes ( ! community1
 z well z m5 & wom5 (  diff]5t races1 c 
be gr\p$ accord+ to _! intellectual     
capacity1 & t no educational facilities 
w develop t  capacity beyond a c]ta9    
po9t4    ,pr(essor ,w4 ,mc,dougall1     
,f4,r4,s41 9 8 mo/ useful & int]e/+     
book on ,national ,welf>e & ,national   
,decay1 rea*es ! important  conclusion t
 innate capacity = intellectual gr[? is 
!  pr$om9ant factor 9 det]m9+ !         
di/ribution ( intellig5ce 9  adults1 & t
 ! am\nt & k9d ( education is a factor (
  subord9ate importance4 ,he claims t ! 
evid5ce is ov]:elm+  z to ! validity ( !
 results obta9$ by m5tal te/+4    ,a few
 examples ( exp]im5tal "w giv5 9        
,pr(essor ,mc,dougall's  book w suffice 

to %[ ! tr5d ( ^! results4    ,te/s (   
intellig5ce 7 c>ri$ out on recruits = ! 
,am]ican  ,army1 :ite & col\r$1 & !y    
%ew$ m>k$ sup]iority ( !  :ite race4    
,a special te/ 0 c>ri$ out 9 ,ox=d by   
,mr4 ,h4,b4 ,engli%1 :o  comp>$ !       
capacity ( boys 9 a s*ool att5d$ by     
*ildr5 ( !  intellectual classes ) t (  
boys 9 a v good prim>y s*ool1  ^: fa!rs 
7 %op-keep]s1 skill$ artisans1 etc41    
com+ f  homes :i* 7 good1 ) no sort (   
privation4 ,! result %[$  m>k$          
sup]iority ( ! sons ( intellectual      
p>5ts4 ,mr4 ,engli%  concludes t !      
*ildr5 ( ! pr(essional classes1 betwe5  
#ab  & #ad ye>s ( age1 exhibit v m>k$   
intellig5ce1 & he is  conv9c$ t !       
h]$it>y factor plays an altoge!r        
pr$om9ant  "p4    ,9 ano!r exp]im5t1    
,miss ,arlitt1 ( ,bryn ,mawr ,college1  
te/$ #cdb  *ildr5 f prim>y s*ools 9 "o  
di/rict1 :o 7 divid$ into  f\r gr\ps3-- 
,gr\p #a4   ,pr(essional4       ,gr\p   
#b4   ,semi-pr(essional & high] bus9ess4
       ,gr\p #c4   ,skill$ lab\r4       

,gr\p #d4   ,semi-& unskill$ lab\r4     
,m>k$ diff]5ces betwe5 ! gr\ps 7 %ewn4  
,! intellectual  capacity 0 repres5t$ by
 figures z foll[s3--         ,gr\p #a   
#abe       ,gr\p #b     #aah       ,gr\p
 #c     #ajg       ,gr\p #d      #ib    
,a fur!r rese>* ( #edh *ildr51 gr\p$    
accord+ to !  occupation ( _! fa!r1 gave
 its results 9 t]ms ( !  p]c5tage (     
*ildr5 9 ea* gr\p :o scor$ a m>k high]  
?an !  m$ian = ! :ole #edh4 ,!y are z   
foll[s3--         ,pr(essional gr\p     
#he       ,executive gr\p         #fh   
,artisan gr\p           #da       ,lab\r
 gr\p            #ci    ,9 ! ,j\rnal (  
,educational ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,ix1    
#aiaf1 ,mr4 ,a4,w4  ,kornhaus] gives    
evid5ce f ! exam9ation ( #a1jjj *ildr5  
drawn  f five s*ools 9 ,pittsburgh4     
,s*ools ,a & ,b 7 att5d$ by *ildr5 (    
unskill$ manual work]s4    ,s*ools ,c & 
,d by *ildr5 ( skill$ artisans & small  
%opkeep]s4    ,s*ool ,e by *ildr5 (     
p>5ts 9 v com=table circum/ances4    ,! 
results are tabulat$ z--                

,ret>d$1 i4e41 bel[ av]age4             
,normal1 i4e41 av]age4       ,advanc$1  
i4e41 above av]age4                     
,ret>d$4  ,normal4  ,advanc$4       ,a  
,manual work]s          #de4b      #dg4a
       #g4g       ,b                    
#cf4g      #ee4i       #g4d             
,c  ,artisans1 etc4          #bi4d      
#ej4b      #bj4g       ,d               
#bh4h      #ej4b      #ai4e             
,e ,mo/ com=table           #ab4g       
#fb4g      #bd4f;,a    ,footnote ,a3 ,i 
am indebt$ to ,pr(essor ,mc,dougall's   
book =  in=mation "h giv54      ,^!     
exp]im5ts all %ew ! tr5d ( intellig5ce  
7& ) x w  p[] or p[] ( conc5tration1 &  
:at we may call g5]al  capacity7 to be m
 conc5trat$ 9 ! s-call$ high] grades (  
society1 & to be less & less evid5t z we
 desc5d 9 ! scale  f skill$ to unskill$ 
work]s4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be cle> to    
all t ! *ildr5 ( m5tally defici5t p>5ts 
c only be a  burd5 on ! ,/ate or c r>ely
 contribute any?+ ( value to !  common  
weal4    ,n[ ! tea*+ & advocacy ( me?ods

 ( conception control is mo/  easily    
assimilat$ & practis$ by ! intellig5t   
classes2 inde$1  we may say ) c]ta9ty t 
su* me?ods c only be us$  effectively by
 ! intellig5t memb]s ( ! community1 su* 
z  leisur$1 pr(essional & m]cantile     
classes1 skill$ artisans &  bett] class 
work]s1 :]eas ! l[e/ type ( casual      
lab\r]s  ^: home conditions r5d] ! use (
 prev5tive me?ods difficult  or         
impossible1 & ! m5tally defici5t &      
crim9al classes1 are  unaffect$ by su*  
tea*+4    ,! result 9 a few g5]ations   
mu/ be a m>k$ decrease 9 !  numb]s ( !  
intellectual & effici5t work]s1 :ile !  
hopelessly unfit cont9ue to produce _!  
k9d at ! same rate z  be=e4    ,!       
figures giv5 d n sugge/ t individuals ) 
m>k$ ability  are to be f\nd 9 ! upp]   
classes only1 b !y d indicate t  !re is 
a l>g] proportion ( boys & girls 9 ! m  
com=table  classes ^: inh]it$ ability is
 above ! av]age1 ?\gh ?is may  be p>tly 
due to ! m intellectual atmosph]e 9 :i* 
_! e>ly  *ildhood has be5 pass$4    ,!  

provision ( education = all1 )          
facilities = *ildr5 (  e class to pass  
on to high] grades ( "w1 is ess5tial if 
!  lat5t p[]s 9 all1 :atev] !y may be1  
are to be develop$ to !  utmo/4    ,!   
po9t = our consid]ation at ! mom5t1     
h[ev]1 is t if !  production ( all      
capable work]s1 :e!r m5tal or manual1 is
 to be  curtail$ & ! numb]s ( !         
population ma9ta9$ 9 great]  proportion 
f ! m5tally defici5t or crim9al classes1
 ! result  mu/ be national disa/]4 ,= 9 
a v %ort "t !re w n be  en\gh lead]s (  
real capacity to occupy positions (     
initiative &  responsibility 9 ! v>i\s  
activities ( ! c\ntry at home &  abroad1
 nor w !re be an adequate supply ( good 
practical "w3 a  l[]$ /&>d ( effici5cy  
mu/ result4 ,f a national po9t (  view1 
!re=e1 we reg>d ! propag&a 9 fav\r (    
conception  control to be a real &      
increas+ dang]4    ,! problem ( !       
m5tally defici5t is ( ano!r ord]4 ,9 ?is
  case ano!r k9d ( control is urg5tly   
ne$$1 b x is "o :i*  c only be und]tak5 

by ! ,/ate1 & n by ! individual4 ,x is  
to put 9 =ce su* a me?od ( compulsory   
segregation z w\ld  ensure ! com=t &    
cont5tm5t ( ! m5tally defici5t1 &       
safegu>d !m & ! nation f ! reproduction 
( _! k9d4    ,! problem also ( ! insane 
& crim9al classes 9 relation to  h]$ity 
is "o :i* dem&s c>eful consid]ation by  
^? compet5t  to give x4                 
,,summ>y ,,( ,,conclusions      #a4 ,!re
 are c]ta9 wom5 :o = m$ical reasons %\ld
 be prev5t$  f be>+ *ildr54    #b4 ,!re 
are c\ples ) undesirable inh]itance :o  
rightly decl9e  to be> *ildr54    #c4   
,!re are _m wom5 ( ! poor] classes 9 :om
 *ild-be>+ is  sometimes ! la/ /raw 9   
circum/ances all ( :i* t5d to de/roy    
heal? & vitality4    #d4 ,public tea*+  
on contraceptives1 l m$ical advice      
adv]tis$  9 newspap]s1 is g5]ally appli$
 to cases = :i* x is  unsuitable &      
appli$ 9 ! wrong way4    ,x is !re=e    
detrim5tal to public heal? z well z be+ 
detrim5tal to public morality4    #e4 ,a
 public op9ion 9 fav\r ( small spac$    

families does n s]ve  ! be/ int]e/s ( ! 
*ildr5 or ( _! "m4    #f4 ,m>ri$ love   
%\ld express itself at once 9 ! usual   
way )\t  ! use ( artificial             
contraceptives4    #g4 ,! dim9i%+       
f]tility ( ! m capable classes is a     
national  p]il4    ,to c\nt]act ?is     
t5d5cy e enc\ragem5t %\ld be giv5 to !  
intellig5t & effici5t classes ( !       
community to be> heal?y  *ildr54    ,!  
/udy ( problems :i* give rise           
p]iodically to a propag&a 9  fav\r ( !  
practice ( conception control reveal !  
fact t  excessive *ild-be>+ is f\nd 9 ^?
 classes :o suff] !  greate/ privation1 
& 9 :om l>ge families are a real h>d%ip1
  :ile _m c\ples among ! well-to-d are  
*ildless ?\gh greatly  desir+ *ildr54   
,su* facts sugge/ t ! true rem$y = !    
g5]al problem lies  9 rais+ ! /&>d (    
liv+ among work+-class mo!rs &  advis+ a
 m simple life to ! m ri*ly end[$4      
#h4 ,x is desirable t ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld  
make provision =  me?ods :i* w arre/ !  
propagation ( ! m5tally defici5t1       

insane & crim9al classes4