,,international ,,weekly ,,miscellany   
,of ,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,vol4 ,i4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,august #ai1   
#ahej4 ,no4 #h4           99       99   
99       99       99      ,,the         
,,theater ,,in ,,russia ,,and ,,poland4 
,the following interesting sketch of the
 ,drama in the empire of  the ,czar is  
translated for the ,international from  
the ,leipzig  ,grenzboten4 ,the facts it
 states are not only new to most        
readers1  but throw incidentally a good 
deal of light on the condition of that  
vast empire1 and the state of its       
population in respect of literature  and
 art in general3           99       99  
99       99       99    ,the dramatic   
taste of a people1 the strength of its  
productive  faculty1 the gradual        
development of its most popular sphere  
of art1  the theater1 contain the key to
 phases of its character which cannot   
always be recognized with the same      
exactness from other parts of its       

history4 ,the tendencies and disposition
 of the mass come out very  plainly in  
their relations to dramatic art1 and    
from the audience of  an evening at a   
theater some inference may be drawn as  
to the whole  political scope of the    
nation4 ,in truth1 however1 this        
requires  penetration as well as        
cautious judgment4    ,in the middle of 
the last century there were in the      
kingdom of ,poland1  beside the royal   
art institutions at ,warsaw1 four strong
 dramatic  companies1 of genuine ,polish
 stamp1 which gave performances in the  
most fashionable cities4 ,two of them   
were so excellent that they  often had  
the honor to play before the court4 ,the
 peculiarity of these  companies was    
that they never performed foreign works1
 but literally  only their own4 ,the    
managers were either themselves poets1  
or had  poets associated with them in   
business4 ,each was guided by his poet1 
as ,wallenstein by his astrologer4 ,the 
establishment depended on  its dramatic 

ability1 while its performances were    
limited almost  exclusively to the      
productions of its poet4 ,the better    
companies1  however1 were in the habit  
of making contracts with each other1 by 
which they exchanged the plays of their 
dramatists4 ,this limitation to  native 
productions perhaps grew partly out of  
the want of familiarity  with foreign   
literature1 partly from national        
feeling1 and partly from  the fact that 
the ,polish taste was as yet little     
affected by that of  the ,germans1      
,french1 or ,english4 ,in these         
circumstances there sprung  up a poetic 
creative faculty1 which gave promise of 
a good and really  national drama4 ,and 
even now1 after wars1 revolutions1 and  
the schemes  of foreign rulers have     
alternately destroyed and degraded the  
stage1  and after the ,poles have become
 poetically as well as politically  mere
 satellites of ,french ideas and        
culture1 there still exist1 as          
respectable remains of the good old     

time1 a few companies of players1       
which1 like their ancient predecessors1 
have their own poets1 and  perform only 
his pieces1 or at least others of       
,polish origin that he  has arranged and
 adapted4 ,such a company1 whose        
principal personage  is called          
,richlawski1 is now in ,little ,poland1 
in the cities ,radom1  ,kielce1 ,opatow1
 ,sandomir1 c4 ,a second1 which         
generally remains in the  ,government of
 ,kalisch1 is under the direction of a  
certain ,felinski1  and through his     
excellent dramatic compositions has     
gained a  reputation equal to that of   
the band of ,strauss in music4 ,yet     
these  companies are only relics4 ,the  
,polish drama in general has now a      
character and destiny which was not to  
be expected a hundred years  since4     
,the origin of the ,russian theater is  
altogether more recent4 ,it is  true    
that ,peter the ,great meddled a good   
deal with the theater as well  as with  
other things1 but it was not till the   

,empress ,catharine  that dramatic      
literature was really emancipated by the
 court4 ,under  ,alexander and ,nicholas
 the most magnificent arrangements have 
been  made in every one of the cities   
that from time to time is honored by    
the residence of the ,emperor1 so that  
,russia boasts of possessing five       
theaters1 two of which excel everything 
in ,europe in respect to size  and      
splendor1 but yet possesses no sort of  
taste for dramatic art4 ,the  stage1 in 
the empire of the ,muscovites1 is like a
 rose-bush grafted on  a wild forest    
tree4 ,it has not grown up naturally    
from a poetic want  in the people1 and  
finds in the country little or nothing  
in the way  of a poetic basis4          
,accordingly1 the theater in ,russia is 
in every  respect a foreign institution4
 ,not national in its origin1 it has not
  struck its roots into the heart of the
 people4 ,only here and there  a feeble 
germ of theatrical literature has made  
its way through the  obstinate barbarism

 of the ,russian nature4 ,the mass have 
no feeling  for dramatic poetry1 while  
the cultivated classes exhibit a most   
striking want of taste4    ,but in      
,russia everything is inverted4 ,what in
 other nations is  the final result of a
 long life1 is there the beginning4 ,a  
natural  development of the people      
appears to its rulers too circuitous1   
and in fact would in many things require
 centuries of preparation4              
,accordingly1 they seek to raise their  
subjects to the level of other  races by
 forcing them outwardly to imitate their
 usages4 ,peter the  ,great says in his 
testament3 ,let there be no intermission
 in teaching  the ,russian people       
,european forms and customs4 ,the       
theater in ,russia  is one of these     
forms1 and from this it is easy to      
understand the  condition it is in4     
,it is true there are in the country a  
few independent companies  of players1  
but they are not ,russian1 or at least  
were formed as a  speculation by some   

foreigner4 ,for example1 ,odessa has    
often two  such1 and sometimes three4   
,the ,italian company is said to be     
good4 ,the  ,russian1 which has now     
become permanent1 has hitherto been     
under the  management of a ,german1 and 
has been very poor4 ,the company in     
,kiew  consists mostly of ,poles1 from  
the old ,polish provinces incorporated  
with ,russia1 and has a high reputation4
 ,in ,poland it would be possible  in   
every little nest of a city to get      
together a tolerable company for        
dramatic performance4 ,in ,russia it    
would be much easier to raise an  army4 
,the ultimate reason of this striking   
contrast is the immense  dissimilarity  
in the character of the two nations4    
,the ,pole is  remarkably sanguine1     
fiery1 enthusiastic1 full of ideality   
and  inspiration2 the ,russian is       
through and through material1 a lover of
  coarse physical pleasures1 full of    
ability to fight and cut capers1  but   
not endowed with a capacity quickly to  

receive impressions and  mentally       
elaborate them4    ,in this respect1 the
 mass and the aristocracy1 the serfs and
 their  masters1 are as alike as twins4 
,the noble is quite as coarse as the    
peasant4 ,in ,poland this is quite      
otherwise4 ,the peasant may be called  a
 rough creature1 but the noble is almost
 always a man of refinement1  lacking   
indeed almost always in scientific      
information1 but never  in the culture  
of a man of the world4 ,the reason of   
this is1 that  his active1 impetuous    
soul finds constant occasion for        
maintaining  familiarity with the world 
around him1 and really needs to keep up 
a  good understanding with it4 ,the     
,russians know no such want4    ,even in
 ,st4 ,petersburg the ,german was long  
much more successful than  the native   
theater1 though the number of ,russians 
there is seventeen  times larger than   
that of the ,germans4 ,the ,russians who
 there  visit the theater are the       
richest and most prominent members of   

the  aristocracy4 ,they however consider
 the drama as simply a thing of         
fashion4 ,hence results the curious fact
 that it is thought a matter  of good   
taste to be present at the beginning but
 not to wait for the  end of a piece4   
,it has happened that long before the   
performance was  over the house was     
perfectly empty1 everyone following the 
fashion1  in order not to seem deficient
 in public manners4 ,if there is ever  a
 great attraction at the theater1 it is 
not the play1 but some  splendid show4  
,the ,russian lady1 in studying the     
coiffure or the  trailing-robe of an    
actress1 forgets entirely her part in   
this piece1  if indeed she has ever had 
an adequate conception of it4 ,for this 
reason1 at ,st4 ,petersburg and ,moscow 
the ballet is esteemed infinitely       
higher than the best drama2 and if the  
management should have  the command of  
the ,emperor to engage rope-dancers and 
athletes1  circus-riders and men-apes1  
the majority of ,russians would be of   

opinion that the theater had gained the 
last point of perfection4 ,this  was the
 case in ,warsaw several years ago1 when
 the circus company of  ,tourniare was  
there4 ,the theaters gave their best and
 most popular  pieces1 in order to guard
 against too great a diminution of their
  receipts4 ,the ,poles patriotically   
gave the preference for the drama1  but 
the ,russians were steady adorers of    
,madame ,tourniare and her  horse4 ,in  
truth1 the lady enjoyed the favor of    
,prince ,paskiewich4  ,general ,o----   
boasted that during the eleven months   
that the circus  staid he was not absent
 from a single performance4 ,the ,polish
 ,count  ,ledochowski1 on the other     
hand1 said that he had been there but   
once  when he went with his children1   
and saw nothing of the performance1     
because he read ,schiller's ,william    
,tell every moment4 ,this was ,polish   
opposition to ,russian favoritism1 but  
it also affords an indication of  the   
national peculiarities of the two races4

    ,from deficiency in taste for       
dramatic art arises the circumstance    
that  talent for acting is incomparably 
scarce among the ,russians4 ,great  as  
have been the efforts of the last       
emperors of ,russia to add a new        
splendor to their capitals by means of  
the theater1 they have not  succeeded in
 forming from their vast nation artists 
above mediocrity1  except in low comedy4
 ,at last it was determined to establish
 dramatic  schools in connection with   
the theaters and educate players2 but it
  appears that though talent can be     
developed1 it cannot be created at  the 
word of command4 ,the ,emperor          
,nicholas1 or rather his wife1 was1  as 
is said1 formerly so vexed at the       
incapacity of the ,russians  for        
dramatic art1 that it was thought best  
to procure children in  ,germany for the
 schools4 ,the ,imperial will met with  
hindrance1 and he  contented himself    
with taking children of the ,german race
 from his own  dominions4 ,the pride of 

the ,russians did not suffer in         
consequence4    ,while poetry naturally 
precedes dramatic art1 the drama1 on the
 other  hand1 cannot attain any degree  
of excellence where the theater is in   
such a miserable state4 ,it is now      
scarcely half a century since the       
effort was begun to remove the total    
want of scientific culture in  the      
,russian nation1 but what are fifty     
years for such a purpose1 in  so        
enormous a country8 ,the number of those
 who have received the  scientific      
stimulus and been carried to a degree of
 intellectual  refinement is very small1
 and the happy accident by which a man  
of  genius appears among the small      
number must be very rare4 ,and in this  
connection it is noteworthy1 that the   
,russian who feels himself  called to   
artistic production almost always shows 
a tendency to epic  composition4    ,the
 difficulties of form appear terrible to
 the ,russian4 ,in  romance-writing the 
form embarrasses him less1 and          

accordingly they  almost all throw      
themselves into the making of novels4   
,as is generally the case in the        
beginning of every nation's  literature1
 any writer in ,russia is taken for a   
miracle1 and regarded  with stupor4 ,the
 dramatist ,kukolnik is an example of   
this4 ,he has  written a great deal for 
the theater1 but nothing in him is to be
  praised so much as his zeal in        
imitation4 ,it must be admitted that in 
this he possesses a remarkable degree of
 dexterity4 ,he soon turned to  the     
favorite sphere of romance writing1 but 
in this also he manifests  the national 
weakness4 ,in every one of his countless
 works the most  striking feature is the
 lack of organization4 ,they were begun 
and  completed without their author's   
ever thinking out a plot1 or its mode   
of treatment4    ,kukolnik's ,alf and   
,adona1 in which at least one hundred   
and fifty  characters are brought upon  
the stage1 has not one whose appearance 
is  designed to concentrate the interest

 of the audience4 ,each comes in to     
show himself1 and goes out not to be in 
the way any longer4 ,everything  is     
described and explained with equal      
minuteness1 from the pile of  cabbages  
by the wayside1 to the murder of a      
prince2 and instead of a  historical    
action there is nothing but unconnected 
details4 ,the same  is the case with his
 ,eveline and ,baillerole1 in which     
,cardinal  ,richelieu is represented as 
a destroyer of the aristocracy1 and     
which  also is made up of countless     
unconnected scenes1 that in part are    
certainly done with some neatness4      
,these remarks apply to the works  of   
,iwan ,wanenko and ,i4 ,boriczewski1 to 
,i4 ,zchewen's ,sunshine1 five  volumes 
strong2 to the compositions of ,wolkow1 
,czerujawski1 ,ulitinins1  ,th4 ,van    
,dim1 7a pseudonym17 in fact to         
everything that has yet  appeared4      
,on the part of the ,imperial family1 as
 we have already said1  everything has  
been done for the ,russian stage that   

could possibly be  done1 and is done no 
where else4 ,the extremest liberality   
favors the  artists1 schools are        
provided in order to raise them from the
 domain  of gross buffoonery to that of 
true art1 the most magnificent premiums 
are given to the best1 actors are made  
equal in rank to officers of  state1    
they are held only to twenty-five years'
 service1 reckoning  from their         
debut1--and finally1 they receive for   
the rest of their  lives a pension equal
 to their full salaries4 ,high rewards  
are given  to ,russian star-actors1 in  
order if possible to draw talent of     
every  sort forth from the dry steppes  
of native art4 ,the ,russian actors are 
compelled on pain of punishment to go   
regularly to the ,german theater1  with 
a view to their improvement1 and in     
order to make this as  effective as may 
be1 enormous compensations attract the  
best ,german  stars to ,st4 ,petersburg4
 ,and yet all this is useless1 and the  
,russian  theater is not raised above   

the dignity of a workshop4 ,only the    
comic  side of the national character1 a
 burlesque and droll simplicity1 is     
admirably represented by actors whose   
skill and the scope of whose  talents   
may he reckoned equal to the ,germans in
 the same line4 ,but  in the higher     
walks of the drama they are worthless4  
,the people have  neither cultivation   
nor sentiment for serious works1 while  
the poets  to produce them1 and the     
actors to represent them1 are alike     
wanting4    ,immediately after the      
submission of ,poland in #ahca1 the     
theaters1  permanent and itinerant1 were
 closed4 ,the plan was conceived of not 
allowing them to be repened until they  
could be occupied by ,russian           
performers4 ,but as the ,government     
recovered from its first rage1  this was
 found to be impracticable4 ,the        
officers of the garrisons in  ,poland1  
however numerous1 could never support   
,russian theaters1 and  besides1 where  
were the performers to come from8 ,in   

,warsaw1 however1  it was determined to 
force a theater into existence1 and a   
,russian  newspaper was already         
established there4 ,the power of the    
,muscovites  has done great things1     
built vast fortresses and destroyed     
vaster1 but  it could not accomplish a  
,russian theater at ,warsaw4 ,even the  
paper  died before it had attained a    
regular life1 although it cost a great  
deal of money4    ,finally came the     
permission to repen the ,polish theater1
 and indeed  the caprice which was      
before violent against it1 was now      
exceedingly  favorable1 but of course   
not without collateral purposes4 ,the   
scanty  theater on the ,krasinski place1
 which was alone in ,warsaw1 except the 
remote circus and the little theater of 
,king ,stanislaus ,augustus1  was given 
up1 and the sum of four millions of     
florins 7#a1fjj1jjj7  devoted to the    
erection of two large and magnificent   
theaters4 ,the  superintendence of the  
work of building and the management of  

the  performances was1 according to the 
,russian system1 intrusted to one       
,general ,rautenstrauch1 a man seventy  
years old1 and worn out both  in mind   
and body4 ,the two theaters were erected
 under one roof1 and  arranged on the   
grandest and most splendid scale4 ,the  
edifice is  opposite the ,city ,hall1   
occupies a whole side of the main public
  place1 and is above #gej feet in      
length4 ,the pit in each is supported   
by a series of immense1 stupid1 square  
pilasters1 such as architecture  has    
seldom witnessed out of ,russia4 ,over  
these pilasters stands  the first row of
 boxes supported by beautifully wrought 
,corinthian  columns1 and above these   
rise three additional rows4 ,the edifice
 is  about #afj feet high and is the    
most colossal building in ,warsaw4 ,as  
it  was designed to treat the actors in 
military fashion and according to       
,russian style1 the building was laid   
out like barracks and about seven       
hundred persons live in it1 most of them

 employed about the theater4  ,the two  
stages were built by a ,german architect
 under the inspection  of the ,general  
whose peremptory suggestions were       
frequent and  injurious4 ,both the great
 theater as it is called1 which has four
  rows of boxes1 and can contain six    
thousand auditors1 and the ,variet      
theater which is very much smaller1 are 
fitted out with all sorts of  apparatus 
that ever belonged to a stage4 ,in fact1
 new machinery has  in many cases been  
invented for them and proved totally    
useless4 ,the  ,russian often hits upon 
queer notions when he tries to show his 
gifts4    ,on one side a very large and 
strong bridge has been erected leading  
from the street to the stage1 to be used
 whenever the piece requires  large     
bodies of cavalry to make their         
appearance1 and there are  machines that
 can convey persons with the swiftness  
of lightning down  from the sky above   
the stage1 a distance of #ef feet4 ,a   
machine for  which a ballet has been    

composed surpasses everything ,i ever   
saw in  its size2 it serves to transport
 eighty persons together on a seeming   
cloud from the roof to the foot-lights4 
,i was astonished by it when ,i  first  
beheld it although ,i had seen the      
machines of the grand opera at  ,paris3 
the second time ,i reflected that it    
alone cost #dj1jjj florins  #af1jjj4    
,under the management of two ,russian   
,generals1 who have hitherto been  at   
the head of the establishment1 a vast   
deal has in this way been  accomplished 
for mere external show4    ,the great   
,russian theatre of ,st4 ,petersburg has
 served for a model1  and accordingly   
nothing has really been improved except 
that part of  the performance which is  
farthest removed from genuine art1      
namely  the ballet4 ,that fact is that  
out of ,paris the ballet is nowhere  so 
splendid as in the great theater at     
,warsaw1 not even at ,st4  ,petersburg1 
for the reason that the ,russian is     
inferior to the ,pole in  physical      

beauty and grace4 ,heretofore the corps 
of the ,st4 ,petersburg  ballet has     
twice been composed of ,poles1 but this 
arrangement has been  abandoned as      
derogatory to the national honor4 ,the  
sensual attractions  of the ballet      
render it the most important thing in   
the theater4 ,a  great school for       
dancers has been established1 where     
pupils may be  found from three to      
eighteen years old4 ,it is painful to   
see the  little creatures1 hardly weaned
 from their mothers' breasts--twisted   
and tortured for the purposes of so     
doubtful an occupation as dancing4  ,the
 school contains about two hundred      
pupils1 all of whom occasionally  appear
 together on the boards1 in the ballet  
of ,charis and ,flora1 for  instance1   
when they receive a trifling            
compensation4 ,for the rest the  whole  
ballet corps are bound to daily         
practice4    ,the taste of the ,russians
 has made prominent in the ballet       
exactly  those peculiarities which are  

least to its credit4 ,it must be        
pronounced exaggerated and lascivious4  
,aside from these faults1 which  may be 
overlooked as the custom of the country1
 we must admit that the  dancing is     
uncommonly good4    ,the greater the    
care of the management for the ballet1  
the more  injurious is its treatment of 
the drama4 ,this is melancholy for the  
artists and especially those who have   
come to the imperial theater  from the  
provinces1 who are truly respectable and
 are equally good in  comedy and        
tragedy4 ,the former has been less      
shackled than the latter  for the reason
 that it turns upon domestic life4 ,but 
tragedy is most  frightfully treated by 
the political censorship1 so that a     
,polish  poet can hardly expect to see  
his pieces performed on the stage of    
his native country4 ,hundreds of words  
and phrases such as freedom1  avenging  
sword1 slave1 oppression1 father-land1  
cannot be permitted  and are stricken   
out4 ,accordingly nothing but the       

trumpery of mere  penny-a-liners is     
brought forward1 though this sometimes  
assumes an  appearance of originality4  
,these abortions remain on the stage    
only  through the talent of the artists1
 the habit of the public to expect      
nothing beyond dullness and stupidity in
 the drama1 and finally1 the  severe    
regulation which forbids any mark of    
disapprobation under pain  of           
imprisonment4 ,the best plays are       
translated from the ,french1 but  they  
are never the best of their kind4 ,to   
please the ,russians only  those founded
 on civic life are chosen1 and          
historical subjects are  excluded4      
,princely personages are not allowed to 
be introduced on  the stage1 nor even   
high officers of state1 such as         
ministers and  generals4 ,in former     
times the ,emperor of ,china was once   
allowed to  pass1 but more recently the 
,bey of ,tunis was struck out and       
converted  into an ,african nobleman4 ,a
 tragedy is inadmissible in any case1   

and  should one be found with nothing   
objectionable but its name1 it is       
called drama4    ,in such circumstances 
we would suppose that the actors would  
lose all  interest in their profession4 
,but this is not the case4 ,at least the
  cultivated portion of the public at   
,warsaw never go to the theater to  see 
a poetic work of art1 but only to see   
and enjoy the skill of the  performers4 
,of course there is no such thing as    
theatrical criticism  at ,warsaw2 but   
everybody rejoices when the actors      
succeed in causing  the wretchedness of 
the piece to be forgotten4 ,the         
universal regret  for the wretched      
little theater on the ,krasinski place1 
where  ,suczkowska1 afterward ,mad4     
,halpert1 founded her reputation in the 
character of the ,maid of ,orleans1 is  
the best criticism on the present  state
 of the drama4    ,the ,russians take   
great delight in the most trivial       
pieces4 ,even  ,prince ,paskiewich      
sometimes stays till the close of the   

last act4 ,to  judge by the direction of
 his opera-glass1 which is never out of 
his  hand1 he has the fortune to        
discover poetry elsewhere than on the   
stage4 ,in truth the ,warsaw boxes are  
adorned by beautiful faces4 ,even  the  
young princess ,jablonowska is not the  
most lovely4    ,the arrangements of the
 ,warsaw theaters are exactly like those
 of the  ,russian theater at ,st4       
,petersburg1 but almost without         
exception1 the  pupils of the dramatic  
school1 of whom seventeen have come upon
 the  boards1 have proved mere          
journeymen1 and have been crowded aside 
by  performers from the provincial      
cities4 ,none of the eminent artists of 
late years have enjoyed the advantages  
of the school4 ,the position  of the    
actors at ,warsaw is just the same as at
 ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,the  day after their
 first appearance they are regularly    
taken into duty  as imperial officials1 
take an oath never to meddle with       
political  affairs1 nor join in any     

secret society1 nor ever to pronounce on
 the  stage anything more or anything   
else than what is in the stamped parts  
given them by the imperial management4  
,actors' salaries at ,warsaw are small  
in comparison with those of other       
countries4 ,forty or fifty silver rubles
 a month 7#bf to #cc7 pass for  a very  
respectable compensation1 and even the  
very best performers  rarely get beyond 
a thousand rubles a year 7#fej74 ,madame
 ,halpert  long had to put up with that 
salary till once ,taglioni said to      
,prince  ,paskiewich that it was a shame
 for so magnificent an artist to be no  
better paid than a writer4 ,her salary  
was thereupon raised one-half1  and     
subsequently by means of a similar      
mediation she succeeded in  getting an  
addition of a thousand rubles yearly    
under the head of  wardrobe expenses4   
,this was a thing so extraordinary that 
the managing  ,general declared that so 
enormous a compensation would never     
again be  heard of in any imperial      

theatre4 ,the pupils of the dramatic    
school  receive eighteen rubles monthly1
 and1 according to their performances1  
obtain permission every two years to ask
 an increase of salary4 ,the  period of 
service extends to twenty-five years1   
with the certainty  of a yearly pension 
equal to the salary received at the     
close of the  period4    ,for the artist
 this is a very important arrangement1  
which enables him  to endure a thousand 
inconveniences4    ,there is no prospect
 of a better state of the ,polish drama4
 ,count  ,fedro may1 in his comedies1   
employ the finest satire with a view  to
 its restoration1 but he will accomplish
 nothing so long as the  ,generals ride 
the theater as they would a war horse4  
,on the other  hand1 no ,russian drama  
has been established1 because the       
conditions  are wanting among the       
people4 ,that is a vast empire1 but poor
 in  beauty2 mighty in many things1 but 
weak in artistic talents2 powerful  and 
prompt in destruction1 but incapable    

spontaneously and of itself  to create  
anything4           99       99       99
       99       99        ,,death',s    
,,jest ,,book1 ,,or ,,the ,,fool',s     
,,tragedy4      ,the ,examiner1 for     
,july #bj1 contains an elaborate review1
 with  numerous extracts1 of a play just
 published under this title in  ,london4
 ,it is radiant1 says the critic1 in    
almost every page with  passion1 fancy1 
or thought1 set in the most apposite and
 exquisite  language4 ,we have but to   
discard1 in reading it1 the hope of any 
steady interest of story1 or consistent 
development of character3  and we shall 
find a most surprising succession of    
beautiful passages1  unrivaled in       
sentiment and pathos1 as well as in     
terseness1 dignity1  and picturesque    
vigor of language2 in subtlety and power
 of passion1  as well as in delicacy and
 strength of imagination2 and as perfect
 and  various1 in modulation of verse1  
as the airy flights of ,fletcher or     
,marlowe's mighty line4    ,the whole   

range of the ,elizabethan drama has not 
finer expression1  nor does any single  
work of the period1 out of ,shakspeare1 
exhibit so  many rich and precious bars 
of golden verse1 side by side with such 
poverty and misery of character and     
plot4 ,nothing can be meaner than  the  
design1 nothing grander than the        
execution4    ,in conclusion1 the       
,examiner observes--,we are not         
acquainted with  any living author who  
could have written the ,fool's ,tragedy2
 and1  though the publication is        
unaccompanied by any hint of authorship1
  we believe that we are correct in     
stating it to be a posthumous           
production of the author of the ,bride's
 ,tragedy2 ,mr4 ,thomas ,lovell         
,beddoes4 ,speaking of the latter       
production1 now more than a quarter  of 
a century ago1 7,mr4 ,beddoes was then1 
we believe1 a student  at ,pembroke     
,college1 ,oxford1 and a minor17 the    
,edinburgh ,review  ventured upon a     
prediction of future fame and           

achievement for the  writer1 which an   
ill-chosen and ill-directed subsequent  
career  unhappily intercepted and       
baffled4 ,but in proof of the noble     
natural  gifts which suggested such     
anticipation1 the production before us  
remains3 and we may judge to what extent
 a more steady course and  regular      
cultivation would have fertilized a     
soil1 which1 neglected  and uncared for1
 has thrown out such a glorious growth  
of foliage and  fruit as this ,fool's   
,tragedy4    ,the following exquisite   
lyric is among the passages with which  
these  judgments are sustained3      ,if
 thou wilt ease thine heart    ,of love 
and all its smart1        ,then sleep1  
dear1 sleep2    ,and not a sorrow       
,hang any tear on your eyelashes2       
,lie still and deep      ,sad soul1     
until like sea-wave washes    ,the rim  
o' the sun to-morrow1        ,in eastern
 sky4      ,but wilt thou cure thine    
heart    ,of love and all its smart1    
,then die1 dear1 die2    ',tis deeper1  

sweeter1      ,than on a rose bank to   
lie dreaming        ,with folded eye2   
,and then alone1 amid the beaming    ,of
 love's stars1 thou'lt meet her         
,in eastern sky4           99       99  
99       99       99      ,,winthrop    
,,mackworth ,,praed4    ,praed1 it has  
always seemed to us1 was the cleverest  
writer in his  way that has ever        
contributed to the ,english periodicals4
 ,his fugitive  lyrics and arabesque    
romances1 half sardonic and half        
sentimental1  published with ,hookham   
,frere's ,whistlecraft and ,macaulay's  
,roundhead  ,ballads1 in ,knight's      
,quarterly ,magazine1 and after the     
suspension  of that work1 for the most  
part in the annual souvenirs1 are       
altogether unequaled in the class of    
compositions described as  vers de      
societie4--,who that has read ,school   
and ,school ,fellows1  ,palinodia1 ,the 
,vicar1 ,josephine1 and a score of other
 pieces in  the same vein1 does not     
desire to possess all the author has    

left us1  in a suitable edition8 ,it has
 been frequently stated in the ,english 
journals that such a collection was to  
be published1 under the  direction of   
,praed's widow1 but we have yet only the
 volume prepared  by a lover of the poet
 some years ago for the ,langleys1 in   
this city4  ,in the ,memoirs of ,eminent
 ,etonians1 just printed by ,mr4 ,edward
  ,creasy1 we have several waifs of     
,praed's that we believe will be new  to
 all our readers4 ,here is a            
characteristic political rhyme3         
,,verses    ,,on ,,seeing ,,the         
,,speaker ,,asleep ,,in ,,his ,,chair   
,,in ,,one ,,of ,,the ,,debates ,,of    
,,the  ,,first ,,reformed ,,parliament4 
,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 'tis surely fair 
,if you mayn't in your bed1 that you    
should in your chair4    ,louder and    
longer now they grow1    ,tory and      
,radical1 ,aye and ,noe2    ,talking by 
night and talking by day4    ,sleep1    
,mr4 ,speaker1 sleep while you may6     
,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker2 slumber lies     

,light and brief on a ,speaker's eyes1  
,fielden or ,finn in a minute or two    
,some disorderly thing will do2    ,riot
 will chase repose away    ,sleep1 ,mr4 
,speaker1 sleep while you may6          
,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker4 ,sweet to men    
,is the sleep that cometh but now and   
then1    ,sweet to the weary1 sweet to  
the ill1    ,sweet to the children that 
work in the mill4    ,you have more need
 of repose than they--    ,sleep1 ,mr4  
,speaker1 sleep while you may6          
,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 ,harvey will soon
    ,move to abolish the sun and the    
moon2    ,hume will no doubt be taking  
the sense    ,of the ,house on a        
question of sixteen pence4    ,statesmen
 will howl1 and patriots bray--         
,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 sleep while you  
may6      ,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 and    
dream of the time1    ,when loyalty was 
not quite a crime1    ,when ,grant was a
 pupil in ,canning's school1    ,and    
,palmerston fancied ,wood a fool4       
,lord1 how principles pass away--       

,sleep1 ,mr4 ,speaker1 sleep while you  
may4    ,the following is a spirited    
version of a dramatic scene in the      
second  book of the ,annals of ,tacitus3
    ,,arminius4      ,back1 ,back2--he  
fears not foaming flood      ,who fears 
not steel-clad line3--    ,no warrior   
thou of ,german blood1      ,no brother 
thou of mine4    ,go earn ,rome's chain 
to load thy neck1      ,her gems to deck
 thy hilt2    ,and blazon honor's       
hapless wreck      ,with all the gauds  
of guilt4      ,but wouldst thou have me
 share the prey8      ,by all that ,i   
have done1    ,the ,varian bones that   
day by day      ,lie whitening in the   
sun2    ,the legion's trampled panoply  
,the eagle's shattered wing4    ,i would
 not be for earth or sky      ,so       
scorned and mean a thing1      ,ho1 call
 me here the wizard1 boy1      ,of dark 
and subtle skill1    ,to agonize but not
 destroy1      ,to torture1 not to kill4
    ,when swords are out1 and shriek and
 shout      ,leave little room for      

prayer1    ,no fetter on man's arm or   
heart      ,hangs half so heavy there4  
,i curse him by the gifts the land      
,hath won from him and ,rome4    ,the   
riving axe1 the wasting brand1          
,rent forest1 blazing home4    ,i curse 
him by our country's gods1      ,the    
terrible1 the dark1    ,the breakers of 
the ,roman rods1      ,the smiters of   
the bark4      ,oh1 misery that such a  
ban      ,on such a brow should be6     
,why comes he not in battle's van       
,his country's chief to be8    ,to stand
 a comrade by my side1      ,the sharer 
of my fame1    ,and worthy of a         
brother's pride1      ,and of a         
brother's name8      ,but it is         
past6--where heroes press      ,and     
cowards bend the knee1    ,arminius is  
not brotherless1      ,his brethren are 
the free4    ,they come around3--one    
hour1 and light      ,will fade from    
turf and tide1    ,then onward1 onward  
to the fight1      ,with darkness for   
our guide4      ,to-night1 to-night1    

when we shall meet      ,in combat face 
to face1    ,then only would ,arminius  
greet      ,the renegade's embrace4     
,the canker of ,rome's guilt shall be   
,upon his dying name2    ,and as he     
lived in slavery1      ,so shall he fall
 in shame4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,,campbell ,,and
 ,,washington ,,irving4    ,the ,editor 
of ,the ,albion1 in noticing the        
republication by the  ,harpers of the   
very interesting ,life and ,letters of  
,thomas ,campbell1  by ,dr4 ,beattie1   
has the following observations upon ,mr4
 ,irving's  introductory letter3        
,,washington ,,irving1 at the request of
 the publishers1 contributed a  very    
interesting letter to themselves1       
directing public notice to the  value of
 this edition4 ,he pays also a hearty   
and deserved tribute1  not only to the  
genius of ,campbell1 but to his many    
excellencies and  kindly specialities of
 character4 ,the author of ,hohenlinden1
 and the  ,battle of the ,baltic stands 

in need of no man's praise as a lyric   
poet--but this sort of testimony to his 
private worth is grateful  and          
well-timed4 ,here is an interesting     
passage from ,mr4 ,irving's             
introductory communication4 ,he is      
alluding to ,campbell's fame and        
position1 when he himself first made    
,campbell's acquaintance in  ,england4  
',i had considered the early productions
 of ,campbell as      brilliant         
indications of a genius yet to be       
developed1 and      trusted that1 during
 the long interval which had elapsed1   
he had been preparing something to      
fulfill the public      expectation2 ,i 
was greatly disappointed1 therefore1 to 
find      that1 as yet1 he had          
contemplated no great and sustained     
effort4 ,my disappointment in this      
respect was shared      by others1 who  
took the same interest in his fame1 and 
entertained the same idea of his        
capacity4 ',there he is      cooped up  
in ,sydenham1' said a great ,edinburgh  

critic to me1      'simmering his brains
 to serve up a little dish of poetry1   
instead of pouring out a whole caldron4'
        ',scott1 too1 who took a cordial
 delight in ,campbell's poetry1         
expressed himself to the same effect4   
',what a pity is it1'      said he to me
 'that ,campbell does not give full     
sweep to his      genius4 ,he has wings 
that would bear him up to the skies1 and
      he does now and then spread them  
grandly1 but folds them up      again   
and resumes his perch1 as if afraid to  
launch away4 ,the      fact is1 he is a 
bugbear to himself4 ,the brightness of  
his      early success is a detriment to
 all his future efforts4 ,he is         
afraid of the shadow that his own fame  
casts before him4'        ',little was  
,scott aware at the time that he1 in    
truth1 was      a 'bugbear' to          
,campbell4 ,this ,i infer from an       
observation of      ,mrs4 ,campbell's in
 reply to an expression of regret on my 
part      that her husband did not      

attempt something on a grand ,scale4    
',it is unfortunate for ,campbell1' said
 she1 'that he lives in      the same   
age with ,scott and ,byron4' ,i asked   
why4 ',oh1' said      she1 'they write  
so much and so rapidly4 ,now ,campbell  
writes      slowly1 and it takes him    
some time to get under way2 and just    
as he has fairly begun1 out comes one of
 their poems1 that      sets the world  
agog and quite daunts him1 so that he   
throws by      his pen in despair4'     
',i pointed out the essential difference
 in their kinds of      poetry1 and the 
qualities which insured perpetuity to   
that of      her husband4 ',you can't   
persuade ,campbell of that1' said she4  
',he is apt to undervalue his own works1
 and to consider his      own lights put
 out1 whenever they come blazing out    
with their      great torches4'         
',i repeated the conversation to ,scott 
sometime afterward1      and it drew    
forth a characteristic comment4 ',pooh6'
 said he1      good-humoredly1 'how can 

,campbell mistake the matter so         
much4 ,poetry goes by quality1 not by   
bulk4 ,my poems are mere                
cairngorms1 wrought up1 perhaps1 with a 
cunning hand1 and may      pass well in 
the market as long as cairngorms are the
 fashion2      but they are mere ,scotch
 pebbles after all2 now ,tom ,campbell's
      are real diamonds1 and diamonds of
 the first water4'    ,the foregoing is 
new to us1 and full of a double         
interest4 ,it is  followed1 however1 by 
a statement1 that needs a word of       
explanation4  ,mr4 ,irving says3        
',i have not time at present to furnish 
personal anecdotes of      my           
intercourse with ,campbell1 neither does
 it afford any of a      striking       
nature4 ,though extending over a number 
of years1 it      was never very        
intimate4 ,his residence in the country1
 and      my own long intervals of      
absence on the continent1 rendered      
our meetings few and far between4 ,to   
tell the truth1 ,i was      not much    

drawn to ,campbell1 having taken up a   
wrong notion      concerning him1 from  
seeing him at times when his mind was   
ill at ease1 and preyed upon by secret  
griefs4 ,i thought      him disposed to 
be querulous and captious1 and had heard
 his      apparent discontent attributed
 to jealous repining at the      success
 of his poetical contemporaries4 ,in a  
word1 ,i knew      little of him but    
what might be learned in the casual     
intercourse of general society2 whereas 
it required the close      communion of 
confidential friendship1 to sound the   
depth of      his character and know the
 treasures of excellence hidden         
beneath its surface4 ,beside1 he was    
dogged for years      by certain        
malignant scribblers1 who took a        
pleasure in      misrepresenting all his
 actions1 and holding him up in an      
absurd and disparaging point of view4   
,in what hostility      originated ,i do
 not know1 but it must have given much  
annoyance to his sensitive mind1 and may

 have affected      his popularity4 ,i  
know not to what else to attribute a    
circumstance to which ,i was a witness  
during my last visit to      ,england4  
,it was at an annual dinner of the      
,literary ,fund1 at      which ,prince  
,albert presided1 and where was         
collected much      of the prominent    
talent of the kingdom4 ,in the course of
      the evening ,campbell rose to make
 a speech4 ,i had not seen      him for 
years1 and his appearance showed the    
effect of age      and ill-health2 it   
was evident1 also1 that his mind was    
obfuscated by the wine he had been      
drinking4 ,he was confused      and     
tedious in his remarks2 still1 there was
 nothing but      what one would have   
thought would have been received with   
indulgence1 if not deference1 from a    
veteran of his fame and      standing2 a
 living classic4 ,on the contrary1 to my
 surprise1 ,i      soon observed signs  
of impatience in the company2 the poet  
was      repeatedly interrupted by      

coughs and discordant sounds1 and       
as often endeavored to proceed2 the     
noise at length became      intolerable1
 and he was absolutely clamored down1   
sinking      into his chair overwhelmed 
and disconcerted4 ,i could not have     
thought such treatment possible to such 
a person at such a      meeting4        
,hallam1 author of the ,literary        
,history of the ,middle      ,ages1 who 
sat by me on this occasion1 marked the  
mortification      of the poet1 and it  
excited his generous sympathy4 ,being   
shortly afterward on the floor to reply 
to a toast1 he took      occasion to    
advert to the recent remarks of         
,campbell1 and in      so doing called  
up in review all his eminent            
achievements in      the world of       
letters1 and drew such a picture of his 
claims      upon popular gratitude and  
popular admiration1 as to convict       
the assembly of the glaring impropriety 
they had been guilty      of--to soothe 
the wounded sensibility of the poet1 and

 send      him home to1 ,i trust1 a     
quiet pillow4'    ,now1 the very same   
facts are seen by different observers in
 a  different point of view4 ,it so     
happened that we ourselves were present 
at this dinner1 which took place in     
#ahdb2 and the painful circumstance     
alluded to by ,mr4 ,irving did not      
produce the effect on us1 that it       
appears to have produced on him4        
,without making a long story about  a   
trifle1 we can call to mind no          
appearance of hostility or ill-will     
manifested on that occasion2 and on the 
contrary1 recollect1 in our  immediate  
neighborhood1 a mournful sense of       
distress at the scene  exhibited1 and   
sufficiently hinted in the few          
unpleasant words we  have italicized4 ,a
 muster of ,englishmen preferred        
coughing down their  favorite bard1 to  
allowing him to mouth out maudlin       
twaddle1 before  the ,prince1 then first
 formally introduced to the public1 and 
before  a meeting whereat was collected 

much of the prominent talent of the     
kingdom4 ,mr4 ,irving1 himself most     
deservedly a man of mark1 looked  on    
with much1 surprise4 ,looking on        
ourselves then1 and writing now1  as one
 of the public1 and as one of the many  
to whom ,campbell's name  and fame are  
inexpressibly dear1 we honestly think   
that of two evils  the lesser was       
chosen4 ,we think ,mr4 ,hallam's lecture
 must have been  inaudible to the       
greater part of the company4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,archbishop of ,lemburgh has       
prohibited his clergy from wearing long 
hair like the peasants1 and from smoking
 in public1 like demagogues  and sons of
 ,baal4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,the ,persians have a    
saying1 that ,ten measures of talk were 
sent down  upon the earth1 and the women
 took nine4           99       99       
99       99       99          ,,authors 
,,and ,,books           99       99     
99       99       99    ,no man is more 

enshrined in the heart of the ,french   
people than the  poet ,,beranger4 ,a few
 weeks since he went one evening with   
one of his  nephews to the ,clos des    
,lilas1 a garden in the students'       
quarter  devoted to dancing in the open 
air1 intending to look for a few        
minutes upon a scene he had not visited 
since his youth1 and then  withdraw4    
,but he found it impossible to remain   
unknown and unobserved4  ,the           
announcement of his presence ran through
 the garden in a moment1  the dances    
stopped1 the music ceased1 and the crowd
 thronged toward  the point where the   
still genial and lovely old man was     
standing4 ,at  once there rose from all 
lips the cry of ,vive ,beranger6 which  
was  quickly followed by that of ,vive  
la ,republique6 ,the poet whose         
diffidence is excessive1 could not      
answer a word1 but only smiled and      
blushed his thanks at this enthusiastic 
reception4 ,the acclamations            
continuing1 an agent of the police      

invited him to withdraw1 lest his       
presence might occasion disorder4 ,the  
illustrious songwriter at once  obeyed2 
by a singular coincidence the door      
through which he went out  opened upon  
the place where ,marshal ,ney was shot4 
,if he were now in  the vein of writing1
 what a stirring lyric all these        
circumstances  might suggest4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,,audubon ,,and ,,washington            
,,irving--,,the ,,plague ,,of           
,,railroads4--,the voyager  up the      
,hudson will involuntarily anathematize 
the invention of the  rail1 when he sees
 how much of the most romantic beauty   
has been  defaced or destroyed by that  
tyranny which1 disregarding all private 
desire and justice1 has filled up bays1 
and cut off promontories1 and  leveled  
heights1 to make way for the intrusive  
and noisy car4 ,but the  effects of     
these so-called improvements1 upon the  
romantic in nature  will be forgotten if
 he considers the injury and wrong they 

cause to  persons1 and particularly to  
those whose genius has contributed more 
to human happiness than all the         
inventions in oeconomical art4    ,the  
,nestor of our naturalists1 and in his  
field1 the greatest as well  as the     
oldest of our artists1 ,,audubon1 with  
the comparatively slight  gains of a    
long life of devotion to science1 and of
 triumphs which had  made him           
world-renowned1 purchased on the banks  
of the river1 not far  from the city1 a 
little estate which it was the joy as   
well as the  care of his closing years  
to adorn with everything that a taste so
  peculiarly and variously schooled     
could suggest4 ,he had made it a        
pleasing gate-way to the unknown world1 
with beautiful walks leading  down to   
the river whose depth and calmness and  
solemn grandeur  symboled the waves     
through which he should pass to the     
reward of a  life of such toil and      
enviable glory4 ,he had promise of an   
evening  worthy of his meridian--when   

the surveyors and engineers1 with their 
charter-privileges1 invaded his retreat1
 built a road through his  garden1      
destroyed forever his repose1 and--the  
melancholy truth is  known--made of his 
mind a ruin4    ,,washington            
,,irving--now sixty-seven years of      
age--had found a  resting-place at      
,wolfert's ,roost1 close by the scenes  
which lie in  the immortal beauty that  
radiates from his pages1 and when he    
thought  that in this ,tusculum he was  
safe from all annoying1 free to enjoy   
the quietness and ease he had earned    
from the world1 the same vandals  laid  
the track through his grounds1 not only 
destroying all their  beauty and        
attraction1 but leaving fens from which 
these summer heats  distilled contagion4
 ,he has therefore been ill for some    
weeks1 and  as he had never a strong    
constitution1 and has preserved his     
equable  but not vigorous health only by
 the most constant carefulness1 his     
physicians and friends begin to be      

alarmed for the result4 ,heaven  avert  
the end they so fearfully anticipate4   
,he cannot go alone3 ,the  honest       
,knickerbocker1 the gentle ,crayon1 and 
the faithful brother  ,agapida1 with    
,washington ,irving will forever leave  
the world1 which  cannot yet resign     
itself to the loss of either4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,,seba ,,smith1 so well known as   
the author of the ,letters of ,major    
,jack ,downing1 and to a different sort 
of readers for his more serious         
contributions to our literature1 has    
just completed the printing of  an      
original and very remarkable work1 upon 
which he has been engaged  about two    
years1 entitled ,new ,elements of       
,geometry1 and it will soon  be         
published in this city by ,putnam1 and  
in ,london by ,bentley4 ,it will        
probably produce a sensation in the     
world of science4 ,its design is  the   
reconstruction of the entire methods of 
,geometry4 ,all geometers1  from the    

dawn of the science1 have built their   
systems upon these  definitions3 ,a line
 is length without breadth1 and ,a      
surface is  length and breadth1 without 
thickness4 ,mr4 ,smith asserts that     
these definitions are false1 and        
sustains his position by numerous       
demonstrations in the pure ,euclidean   
style4 ,he declares that every          
mathematical line has a definite        
breadth1 which is as measurable as  its 
length1 and that every mathematical     
surface has a thickness1  as measurable 
as the contents of any solid4 ,his      
demonstrations1 on  diagrams1 seem to be
 eminently clear1 simple1 and           
conclusive4 ,the  effects of this       
discovery and these demonstrations are1 
to simplify  very much the whole subject
 of ,geometry and mathematics1 and to   
clear  it of many obscurities and       
difficulties4 ,all geometers heretofore 
have claimed that there are three kinds 
of quantity in ,geometry1  different in 
their natures1 and requiring units of   

different natures  to measure them4 ,mr4
 ,smith shows that there is but one kind
 of  quantity in ,geometry1 and but one 
kind of unit2 and that lines1  surfaces1
 and solids are always measured by the  
same identical unit4    ,besides the    
leading features of the work which we   
have thus briefly  described1 it        
contains many new and beautiful         
demonstrations of  general principles in
 ,geometry1 to which the author was lead
 by his  new methods of investigation4  
,among these we may mention one1 viz41  
,the square of the hypothenuse of a     
right-angled triangle equals four  times
 the area of the triangle1 plus the     
square of the difference of  the other  
two sides4 ,this principle has been     
known to mathematicians  by means of    
arithmetic and algebra1 but has never   
before1 we believe1  been reduced to a  
geometrical demonstration4 ,the         
demonstration of  this principle by ,mr4
 ,smith is one of the clearest1         
simplest1 and  most beautiful in        

,geometry4 ,the work is divided into    
three parts1  ,i4 ,the ,philosophy of   
,geometry1 ,,ii4 ,demonstrations in     
,geometry1 and  ,,iii4 ,harmonies of    
,geometry4 ,the demonstrative character 
of it is  occasionally enlivened by     
philosophical and historical            
observations1  which will add much to   
its interest with the general reader4   
,we have  too little skill in studies of
 this sort to be altogether confident   
in our opinion1 but certainly it strikes
 us from an examination of the  larger  
and more important portion of ,mr4      
,smith's essay1 that it is an  admirable
 specimen of statement and              
demonstration1 and that it must  secure 
to its author immediately a very high   
rank in mathematical  science4 ,we shall
 await with much interest the judgments 
of the  professors4 ,it makes a handsome
 octavo of some #bjj pages4           99
       99       99       99       99    
,m4 ,,flandin1 an eminent dilettante and
 designer attached to the ,french       

embassy in ,persia1 has published in the
 last number of the ,revue des  ,deux   
,mondes an interesting memoir of the    
ruins of ,persepolis1 under  the title  
of ,an ,archaiological ,journey in      
,persia4 ,on his route  to the ruins he 
witnessed melancholy evidence1 in the   
condition of  the surface and           
population1 of the improvidence and     
noxiousness of  ,oriental despotism4 ,he
 tells us that the remains of the       
magnificent  palace of ,darius are      
dispersed over an immense plateau1 which
 looks  down on the plain of ,merdacht4 
,assuredly1 they are not much1 compared 
with what they must have been in the    
time of the last ,prince who  sheltered 
himself under the royal roof4           
,nevertheless1 what is now  found of    
them still excites astonishment1 and    
inspires a sentiment of  religious      
admiration for a civilization that could
 create monuments so  stupendous2       
impress on them a character of so much  
grandeur2 and give  them a solidity     

which has prereserved the most important
 parts until  our days1 through         
twenty-two centuries1 and all the       
revolutions  by which ,persia has been  
devastated4 ,the pillars are covered    
with  ,european names deeply cut in the 
stone4 ,english are far the most        
numerous4 ,very few1 however1 are of    
celebrated travelers4 ,we observed1     
with satisfaction1 those of ,sir ,john  
,malcolm and ,mr4 ,morier1 both of  whom
 have so successfully treated ,persian  
subjects4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,,emile ,,girardin
 states in his journal that he paid for 
the eleven  volumes of ,chateaubriand's 
,posthumous ,memoirs as they appeared1  
piecemeal1 in his feuilleton1 the sum of
 ninety-seven thousand  one hundred and 
eight francs4 ,they occupied a hundred  
and ninety-two  feuilletons1 and cost   
him thus more than a franc a line4      
,alfred de  ,broglie has made these     
memoirs the test of a paper entitled    
,memoirs  de ,chateaubriand1 a ,moral   

and ,political ,study1 in the ,revue des
 ,deux  ,mondes4 ,it is a severe        
analysis of the book and the man4 ,he   
concludes  that ,chateaubriand was one  
of the most vainglorious1 selfish and   
malignant of his tribe4 ,he1 indeed1    
betrayed himself broadly1 but  surviving
 writers1 who knew intimately his       
private life--such as ,st4  ,beuve--have
 disclosed more of his habitual         
libertinism4 ,the ,radical  journals1   
and some of the ,legitimists1 turn to   
account the portraits  left in these    
memoirs of ,louis ,philippe1 ,thiers1   
,guizot1 and other  statesmen of the    
,orleans monarchy4 ,they are effusions  
of personal and  political spite4       
,chateaubriand hated the whole ,orleans 
dynasty1 and  has not spared the elder  
,bourbons4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,,guizot has    
been for thirty years in political life1
 many of them  a minister1 and was long 
at the head of the government of ,louis 
,philippe1 but is now a poor man4       

,recently1 on the marriage of his  two  
daughters with two brothers ,de ,witt1  
the descendants of the great            
,hollander1 he was unable to give them a
 cent in the way of marriage  portions4 
,this fact proves the personal integrity
 of the man more  than a score of       
arguments4 ,not only has the native     
honesty of his  character forbidden him 
to take advantage of his eminent        
position  to gain a fortune1 but the    
indomitable pride which is his leading  
characteristic1 has never stooped to the
 attractions of public plunder  or the  
fruits of official speculation4 ,guizot 
is not up to the times1  and hence his  
downfall1 but future historians will do 
justice alike to  his great talents and 
the uprightness of his intentions4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,one of the best works yet produced on  
the ,history of ,art1 is by  ,schnaase1 
of ,dsseldorf4 ,the first three volumes 
have been published  and translated into
 ,french and ,english1 and have met with

 great  success in both those languages4
 ,the fourth volume is just announced   
in ,germany4 ,artists and other         
competent persons at ,dsseldorf who     
have seen the proof-sheets1 speak in the
 highest terms not only of its          
historical merits1 but of the excellence
 of its criticisms4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,the   
fifth volume of the ,history of ,spain1 
by ,rousseau ,st4 ,hilaire1  includes   
the period from #accf to #afdi4 ,the    
professor has been employed  ten years  
on his enterprise2 he is lauded by all  
the critics for his  research1 method1  
and style4 ,we have recently spoken of  
this work at  some length in ,the       
,international4 ,the ,,paris ,,academy  
,,of ,,inscriptions  and ,belles        
,lettres is constantly sending forth the
 most valuable  contributions2 to the   
history of the middle ages especially4  
,it is  now completing the publication  
of the sixth volume of the ,charters1   
,diplomas1 and other documents relating 

to ,french ,history4 ,this volume1      
which was prepared by ,m4 ,pardessus1   
includes the period from the  beginning 
of #abbj to the end of #abgj1 and       
comprehends the reign of ,st4  ,louis4  
,the seventh volume1 coming down some   
fifty years later1 is also  nearly ready
 for the printer4 ,its editor is ,m4    
,laboulaye4 ,the first  volume of the   
,oriental ,historians of the ,crusaders1
 translated into  ,french1 is now going 
through the press1 and the second is in 
course  of preparation4 ,the greater    
part of the first volume of the ,greek  
,historians of the same chivalrous wars 
is also printed1 and the work  is going 
rapidly forward4 ,the ,academy is also  
preparing a collection  of ,occidental  
,history on the same subject4 ,when     
these three  collections are published1 
all the documents of any value relating 
to the ,crusades will be easily         
accessible1 whether for the use of the  
historian or the romancer4 ,the ,academy
 is also now engaged in getting  out the

 twenty-first volume of the ,history of 
the ,gauls and of ,france1  and the     
nineteenth of the ,literary ,history of 
,france1 which brings the  annals of    
,french letters down to the thirteenth  
century4 ,it is also  publishing the    
sixteenth volume of its own memoirs1    
which contains the  history of the      
,academy for the last four years1 and   
the work of ,freret  on ,geography1     
besides several other works of less     
interest4 ,from  all this some idea may 
be formed of the labors and usefulness  
of the  institution4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,m4    
,,leverrier1 the astronomer1 has        
published a long and able argument  in  
support of the free and universal use of
 the electric telegraph4  ,he has       
supplied a most instructive and         
interesting exposition of the           
employment and utility of the invention1
 in all the countries in which  it has  
been established4 ,the ,american and the
 several ,european tariffs  of charge   

are appended4 ,he explains the different
 systems1 scientific  and practical1 in 
detail1 and gives the process and       
proceeds4 ,he  observes that the        
practicability of laying the wires under
 ground  along all the great roads of   
,france1 which will protect them from   
accidents and mischief1 will yield      
immense advantage to the ,government    
and to individuals4 ,he appears to      
prefer ,bain's ,telegraph1 for          
communication1 to any other1 and        
minutely traces and develops its        
mechanism4 ,a bill before the ,french   
chambers1 which he advocates1  opens to 
the public the use of the telegraph1 but
 with various  restrictions calculated  
to prevent revolutionary or seditious   
abuses2 to prevent illicit speculations 
in the public funds1 and  other bad     
purposes to which a free conveyance     
might be applied4 ,the  director of the 
telegraph is to be empowered to refuse  
to transmit  what he shall deem         
repugnant to public order and good      

morals1 and the  government to suspend  
at will all private correspondence1 on  
one or  many lines4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,,the  
,,works ,,of ,,rev4 ,,leonard ,,woods1  
,d4,d41 lately ,professor of ,theology  
in  the ,congregational ,seminary of    
,andover1 are in course of publication1 
and the third and fourth volumes have   
just appeared1 completing the           
theological lectures of the venerable   
,professor1 making in all one  hundred  
and twenty-eight4 ,in these1 the student
 is furnished with  a complete body of  
divinity as generally received by the   
orthodox  denominations in ,new         
,england1 and has presented in a clear1 
condensed  manner1 the matured results  
of a long life of thought and study     
devoted to these subjects4    ,the      
fourth volume is occupied with          
theological letters4 ,the first  #aba   
pages contain those to ,unitarians2 next
 follows the ,reply to  ,dr4 ,ware's    
,letters to ,unitarians and ,calvinists1

 and ,remarks on ,dr4  ,ware's ,answer1 
a series remarkable for courtesy and    
kindness toward  opponents1 and         
clearness and faithfulness in the       
expression of what  was regarded as     
truth4 ,following these1 are eight      
letters to ,dr4  ,taylor of ,new ,haven2
 ,an ,examination of the ,doctrine of   
,perfection1  as held by ,mr4 ,mahan and
 others1 and a letter to ,mr4 ,mahan2 ,a
  ,dissertation on ,miracles1 and the   
,course of ,theological ,study as       
pursued at the ,seminary at ,andover4   
,one more volume will complete the      
works of this long active and eminent   
divine4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,the ,,rev4 ,,orville   
,,dewey1 ,d4,d41 we learn from the      
correspondence of the  ,christian       
,inquirer1 is living upon the farm where
 he was born1 in  ,sheffield1           
,massachusetts1 having1 in the          
successive improvements of  many years1 
converted the original house into an    
irregular but most  comfortable and     

pleasant dwelling4 ,the view from the   
back piazza is  as fine as can be       
commanded anywhere in ,berkshire1 and   
should the  shifting channel of the     
,housatonic only be accommodating enough
 to  wind a little nearer the house1 or 
even suffer some not impossible         
stoppage which would convert the marshy 
meadow in front into a lake1  nothing   
can be conceived of which could then    
improve the situation4 ,in  this lovely 
retirement1 ,dr4 ,dewey endeavors to    
unite labor and study2  working with his
 own hands1 with hoe and rake1 in a way 
to surprise  those who only know how he 
can handle a pen4 ,he is preparing1 in a
  leisurely way1 for a course of        
,lectures for the ,lowell ,institute1   
upon  a theme admirably suited to his   
previous studies1 and in which it is    
evident his whole mind and heart are    
bound up4 ,we are glad to know  that it 
is not until winter after next that this
 work must be taken  from the anvil4    
99       99       99       99       99  

,,dr4 ,,hooker1 we learn1 has again     
proceeded to a new and unexplored       
region in ,india1 in the prosecution of 
his important botanical labors4  ,,the  
,,author ,,of ,,the ,,amber ,,witch1 the
 ,pomeranian pastor1 ,meinhold1  has    
been condemned to three months'         
imprisonment1 and a fine of one  hundred
 thalers1 besides costs1 for slander    
against another clergyman  named        
,stosch1 in a communication published in
 the ,new ,prussian  ,zeitung4 ,the     
sentence was rendered more severe than  
usual in such  cases by the fact that   
,meinhold1 who appears to possess more  
talent  than temper1 had previously been
 condemned for the same offense  against
 another party4 ,the ,amber ,witch is   
one of the curiosities of  literature1  
for in the last ,german edition the     
author is obliged to  prove that it is  
entirely a work of imagination1 and not1
 as almost  all the ,german critics     
believed it to be when it appeared1 the 
reprint  of an old chronicle4 ,it was1  

in fact1 written as a trap for the      
disciples of ,strauss and his school1   
who had pronounced the ,scriptures  of  
the ,old and ,new ,testaments to be a   
collection1 of legends1 from  historical
 research1 assisted by internal         
evidence4 ,meinhold did  not spare them 
when they fell into the snare1 and made 
merry with the  historical knowledge and
 critical acumen that could not detect  
the contemporary romancer under the mask
 of the chronicler of two  centuries    
ago1 while they decided so positively as
 to the authority of  the most ancient  
writings in the world4 ,he has been in  
prison before4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,,the ,,night   
,,side ,,of ,,nature#a1 by ,catharine   
,crowe1 so well known as  one of the    
cleverest of the younger set of literary
 women in ,england1  we have already    
mentioned as in the press of ,mr4       
,redfield2 it is  now published1 and we 
commend it as one of the most           
entertaining and  curious works that has

 ever appeared on the wonders of the    
invisible  world4 ,we quote from the    
judicious critic of the ,tribune the    
following paragraphs in regard to it3   
,footnote #a3 ,the ,night side of       
,nature2 or1 ,ghosts and ,ghost ,seers4 
,by  ,catherine ,crowe4 ,new ,york4     
,j4,s4 ,redfield4    ,the author of this
 work is an accomplished ,german        
scholar4 ,without  being a slave to the 
superstitious love of marvels and       
prodigies1 her  mind evidently leans    
toward the twilight sphere1 which lies  
beyond  the acknowledged boundaries of  
either faith or knowledge4 ,she seems   
to be entirely free from the sectarian  
spirit2 she can look at facts           
impartially1 without reference to their 
bearing on favorite dogmas2  nor does   
she claim such a full1 precise and      
completely-rounded  acquaintance with   
the mysteries of the spiritual world1   
whether from  intuition or revelation1  
as not to believe that there may be more
  things in heaven and earth than is    

dreamt of in our philosophy4  ,in this  
respect1 it must be owned that she has  
not the advantage of  certain religious 
journals in this city1 like the         
,christian ,inquirer  and ,the          
,independent1 for instance--which have  
been so fully  initiated into the       
secrets of universal truth as to regard 
all inquiry  into such subjects either  
as too vulgar for a ,christian          
gentleman1  comme il faut1 or as giving 
a sanction to the atheistic  delusion   
that there may be a spiritual or        
supernatural agency in  manifestations  
which are not accounted for by the      
,new-,england ,primer4  ,mrs4 ,crowe1 on
 the contrary1 supposes that there may  
be something  worthy of philosophical   
investigation in those singular         
phenomena1  which1 surpassing the limits
 of usual experience1 have not yet found
  any adequate explanation4    ,the     
phrase ',night ,side of ,nature' is     
borrowed from the ,germans1 who  derive 
it from the language of astronomers1    

designating the side of  a planet that  
is turned from the sun1 as its night    
side4 ,the ,germans  draw a parallel    
between our vague and misty perceptions1
 when deprived  of the light of the sun1
 and the obscure and uncertain glimpses 
we  obtain of the vailed department of  
nature1 of which1 though comprising  the
 solution of the most important         
questions1 we are in a state of  almost 
total ignorance4 ,in writing a book on  
these subjects1 the  author disclaims   
the intention of enforcing any didactic 
opinions4 ,she  wishes only to suggest  
inquiry and stimulate observation1 in   
order to  gain all possible light on our
 spiritual nature1 both as it now exists
  in the flesh and is to exist hereafter
 out of it4    ,it is but justice to    
say1 that the present volume is a       
successful  realization of the purpose  
thus announced4 ,it presents as full a  
collection of facts on the subject as is
 probably to be found in any  work in   
the ,english language1 furnishing       

materials for the formation  of         
theoretic views1 and illustrating an    
obscure but most interesting  chapter in
 the marvelous history of human nature4 
,it is written  with perfect modesty1   
and freedom from pretense1 doing credit 
to the  ability of the author as a      
narrator1 as well as to her fairness and
  integrity as a reasoner4           99 
99       99       99       99    ,,mr4  
,,milne ,,edwards presented at a recent 
meeting of the ,academy of  ,sciences1  
in the name of the ,prince of ,canino1  
7,c4 ,bonaparte71 the  first part of the
 ,prince's large work1 ,conspectus      
,generum ,avium4           99       99  
99       99       99    ,m4 ,,guizot has
 addressed a long letter to each of the 
five classes  of the ,institute of      
,france1 to declare that he cannot      
accept the  candidateship offered him   
for a seat in the ,superior ,council of 
,public  ,instruction4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,,sir  
,,edward ,,bulwer ,,lytton is to be a   

candidate for the ,house  of ,commons1  
with ,col4 ,sibthorp1 for ,lincoln4 ,he 
has a new play  forthcoming for the     
,princess's ,theatre4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,,miss 
,,strickland has in preparation a series
 of volumes on the ,queens  of          
,scotland1 as a companion to her1       
interesting and successful work on  the 
,queens of ,england4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,,the  
,,marquis ,,de ,,foudras has published  
,un ,caprice de ,grande  ,dame--clever1 
but as corrupt as her other works4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,herbert',s ,,new ,,books4--,the 
,southern ,quarterly ,review for ,july  
has the following notice of ,frank      
,forester's ,fish and ,fishing in the   
,united ,states and ,british ,provinces1
 recently published by ,stringer        
,townsend3    ,there are few of our     
writers so variously endowed and        
accomplished as  ,mr4 ,herbert2 of a    
mind easily warmed and singularly       

enthusiastic1 the  natural bent of his  
talent inclines him to romance4 ,he has 
accordingly  given us several stories   
abounding in stately scenes1 and most   
impressive portraiture4 ,well skilled in
 the use of the mother tongue1  as in   
the broad fields of classical           
literature1 he has written essays  of   
marked eloquence1 and criticisms of     
excellent discrimination and a  keen and
 thorough insight4 ,his contributions to
 our periodicals have  been even more   
happy than his fictions4 ,with a fine   
imagination1 he  inherits a penchant and
 a capacity for poetry1 which has       
enabled him  to throw off1 without an   
effort1 some of the most graceful       
fugitive  effusions which have been     
written in ,america4 ,his               
accomplishments are  as various as his  
talents4 ,he can paint a landscape as   
sweetly as  he can describe it in words4
 ,he is a sportsman of eager impulse1   
and  relishes equally well the          
employments of the fisherman and hunter4

  ,he is a naturalist1 as well as a     
sportsman1 and brings1 to aid his       
practice and experience1 a large        
knowledge1 from study1 of the habits  of
 birds1 beasts and fishes4 ,he roves    
land and sea in this pursuit1  forest   
and river1 and turns1 with equal ease   
and readiness1 from  a close examination
 of ,greek and ,roman literature1 to an 
emulous  exercise of all the arts which 
have afforded renown to the aboriginal  
hunter4 ,the volume before us--one of   
many which he has given to this         
subject--is one of singular interest to 
the lover of the rod and  angle4 ,it    
exhibits1 on every page1 a large        
personal knowledge of  the finny tribes 
in all the northern portions of our     
country1 and  well deserves the         
examination of those who enjoy such     
pursuits and  pastimes4 ,the author's   
pencil has happily illustrated the      
labors of  his pen4 ,his portraits of   
the several fishes of the ,united       
,states are  exquisitely well done and  

truthful4 ,it is our hope1 in future    
pages1  to furnish an ample review of   
this1 and other interesting volumes1 of 
similar character1 from the hand of our 
author4 ,we have drawn to them  the     
attention of some rarely endowed persons
 of our own region1 who1  like our      
author1 unite the qualities of the      
writer and the sportsman2  from whom we 
look to learn in what respects the      
habits and characters  of northern fish 
differ from our own1 and thus supply the
 deficiency  of the work before us4 ,the
 title of this work is rather too       
general4  ,the author's knowledge of the
 fish1 and of fishing1 in the ,united   
,states1 is almost wholly confined to   
the regions north of the  ,chesapeake1  
and he falls into the error1 quite too  
common to the  ,north1 of supposing this
 region to be the whole country4        
,another  each volume as that before us 
will be necessary to do justice to the  
,southern ,states1 whose possessions1 in
 the finny tribes of sea and  river1 are

 of a sort to shame into comparative    
insignificance all the  boasted         
treasures of the ,north4 ,it would need 
but few pages in our  review1 from the  
proper hands1 to render this very       
apparent to the  reader4 ,meanwhile1 we 
exhort him to seek the book of ,mr4     
,herbert1 as a  work of much interest   
and authority1 so far as it goes4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,putnam is preparing some        
elegantly embellished works for the     
holiday season4 ,among others1 an       
edition1 in octavo1 of ,miss ,fenimore  
,cooper's charming ,rural ,hours1       
embellished by twenty finely-colored    
drawings of birds and flowers2 ,the     
,picturesque ,souvenir1 or ,letters  of 
a ,traveler in ,europe and ,america1 by 
,bryant1 embellished by  a series of    
finely-executed engravings2 and ,the    
,alhambra1 by  ,washington ,irving1 with
 designs by ,darley1 uniform with the   
splendid  series of ,mr4 ,irving's      
,illustrated ,works1 some time in course

  of publication4 ,we have also seen a  
specimen copy of a superbly  illustrated
 edition of ,the ,pilgrim's ,progress1  
printed on  cream-colored paper1 as     
smooth as ivory2 and the exquisite      
designs by  ,harvey1 nearly three       
hundred in number1 are among the most   
effective  ever attempted for the       
elucidation of this first of all        
allegories4  ,professor ,sweetser's new 
work1 ,menial ,hygiene1 or an           
,examination of  the ,intellect and     
,passions1 designed to illustrate their 
,influence on  ,health and the ,duration
 of ,life1 will be published in the     
course  of the present month4 ,professor
 ,church's ,treatise on ,integral and   
,differential ,calculus1 a revised      
edition2 ,the ,companion1 or ,after     
,dinner ,table ,talk1 by ,chelwood      
,evelyn1 with a fine portrait of ,sydney
  ,smith2 ,the ,history of ,propellers1 
and ,steam ,navigation1 illustrated  by 
engravings3 a manual1 said to combine   
much valuable information on  the       

subjects1 derived from the most         
authentic sources1 by ,mr4 ,robert      
,mac,farlane1 editor of the ,scientific 
,american2 and ,mr4 ,ridner's  ,artist's
 ,chromatic ,hand-,book1 or ,manual of  
,colors1 will also be  speedily issued  
by the same publisher4 ,mr4 ,putnam's   
own production1  ,the ,world's          
,progress1 or ,dictionary of ,dates1    
containing a  comprehensive manual of   
reference in facts1 or epitome of       
historical  and general statistical     
knowledge1 with a corrected chronology1 
c41  is expected to appear in a few     
weeks4 ,mr4 ,theodore ,irving's         
,conquest  of ,florida is also in       
progress4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,it is said that  
,meyerbeer has already completed a grand
 opera with the  title of ,l',africaine1
 and is now engaged on a comic opera4   
,this is  probably nothing more than one
 of the trumpets which this composer    
knows so well how to blow beforehand4   
,meyerbeer is not greater in  music than

 in the art of tickling public          
expectation and keeping the  public     
aware of his existence4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,the   
,lorgnette has just appeared in a       
volume4           99       99       99  
99       99          ,,recent ,,deaths4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,augustus ,,william ,,neander4    ,,of 
this most eminent ,christian scholar of 
the nineteenth century1  ,the ,tribune  
furnishes the following brief sketch4   
,the name of  ,,johann ,,august         
,,wilhelm ,,neander is familiar to a    
large number of our  countrymen1 both on
 account of his important contributions 
to the  science of theology1 and his    
personal intimacy with many of our      
eminent scholars1 who have enjoyed the  
benefit of his instructions1  or who    
have made his acquaintance while        
pursuing their travels in  ,germany4    
,although he had attained a greater age 
than might have been  anticipated from  
his habits as a confirmed invalid1 being

 in his  sixty-second year1 his decease 
cannot be announced without causing an  
emotion of surprise and regret to a     
numerous circle who recognized in  him  
one of the most faithful and            
conscientious ,christian teachers of    
the present day4    ,,neander1 as it is 
well known1 was descended from ,jewish  
parents1  by whom he was instructed in  
the rudiments of religion1 and at a     
subsequent period of life became a      
convert to the ,christian faith1 by     
personal inquiry and experience4 ,he was
 born at ,gttingen1 in #aghi1  but      
passed a considerable portion of his    
youth at ,hamburg1 where he  was        
initiated into the rudiments of a       
classical education4 ,after he  had made
 a profession of ,christianity1 he      
continued his studies for  a short time 
at the ,universities of ,halle and      
,gttingen1 returned to  ,hamburg1 and   
finally completed his ,university career
 at ,heidelberg4  ,the following year he
 was called to the ,university of       

,berlin1 as  ,professor of ,theology1   
where he soon gave promise of the       
brilliant  eminence which he has since  
attained4 ,his first publications were  
on special topics of ecclesiastical     
history1 including treatises on  ',the  
,emperor ,julian and his ,age1' ',st4   
,bernard and his ,age1' ',the           
,development of the ,principal ,systems 
of the ,gnostics1' ',st4 ,chrysostom    
and the ,church in his ,age1' and ',the 
,spirit of ,tertullian1' with  an       
',introduction to his ,writings4' ,these
 treatises are remarkable  monuments of 
diligence1 accuracy1 profoundness of    
research and breadth  of comprehension1 
showing the same intellectual qualities 
which  were afterward signally exhibited
 in the composition of his masterly     
volumes on the history of the ,christian
 ,religion4 ,his earliest  production in
 this department had for its object to  
present the most  important facts in    
,church history1 in a form adapted to   
the great mass  of readers1 without     

aiming at scientific precision or       
completeness4  ,this attempt was        
eminently successful4 ,the first volume 
of his  great work entitled ',general   
,history of the ,church and the         
,christian  ,religion1' was published in
 #ahbe1 and it was not till twenty years
  afterward that the work was brought to
 a close4 ,the appearance of this  work 
formed a new epoch in ecclesiastical    
history4 ,it at once betrayed  the power
 of a bold and original mind4 ,instead  
of consisting of a  meager and arid     
collection of facts1 without scientific 
order1 without  any vital coherence or  
symmetry1 and without reference to the  
cardinal  elements of ,christian        
experience1 the whole work1 though      
singularly  chaste and subdued in its   
tone1 throbs with the emotions of       
genuine  life1 depicting the influence  
of ,christianity as a school for the    
soul1 and showing its radiant signatures
 of ,divinity in its moral  triumphs    
through centuries4    ,his smaller work 

on the first development of             
,christianity in the  ,apostolic ,age is
 marked by the same spirited            
characteristics1 while  his ',life of   
,jesus' is an able defense of the       
historical verity of  the sacred        
narrative against the ingenious and     
subtle suggestions of  ,strauss4    ,the
 writings and theological position of   
,,neander have been fully  brought      
before the ,american public by ,profs4  
,,robinson1 ,,torrey1                   
,mc,c,l,i,n,t,o,c,k1 ,,sears1 and other 
celebrated scholars who have done much  
to  diffuse a knowledge of the learned  
labors of ,germany among intelligent    
thinkers in our own country4 ,,neander  
was free from the reproach which        
attaches to so many of his fellow       
laborers1 of covertly undermining  the  
foundation of ,christianity1 under the  
pretense of placing it on a             
philosophical basis4 ,his opinions are  
considered strictly evangelical1  though
 doubtless embodied in a modified form4 

,in regard to the extent  and soundness 
of his learning1 the clearness of his   
perceptions1  and the purity and        
nobleness of his character1 there can be
 but one  feeling among those who are   
qualified to pronounce a judgment on the
  subject4    ,,neander was never       
married4 ,he was the victim of almost   
constant ill  health4 ,in many of his   
personal habits he was peculiar and     
eccentric4  ,with the wisdom of a sage1 
he combined the simplicity of a child4  
,many  amusing anecdotes are related of 
his oddities in the lecture-room1  which
 will serve to enliven the biography    
that will doubtless be  prepared at an  
early date4 ,we have received no        
particulars concerning  his death1 which
 is said to have been announced by      
private letters to  friends in ,boston4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,jacob ,,jones1 ,u4,s4,n4              
,,commodore ,,jacob ,,jones1 of the     
,united ,states ,navy1 died in          
,philadelphia  on the #fth inst4 ,he was

 born in ,smyrna1 ,kent county1         
,delaware1 in  the year #aggj1 and was  
therefore1 eighty years of age4 ,he was 
of  an eminently respectable family1 and
 commenced life as a physician1  having 
studied the profession at the           
,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,he       
afterward became clerk of the ,supreme  
,court of ,delaware for his native      
county4 ,when about twenty-nine years   
old he entered the navy1 and made  his  
first cruises under ,commodore ,barry4  
,he was a midshipman on board  the      
frigate ,united ,states1 when she bore  
to ,france ,chief ,justice  ,ellsworth  
and ,general ,davie1 as envoys          
extraordinary to the ,french  ,republic4
 ,he was next appointed to the ,ganges  
as midshipman4 ,on the  breaking out of 
the war with ,tripoli1 he was stationed 
on the frigate  ,philadelphia1 under    
,commodore ,bainbridge4 ,the disaster   
which befell  that ship and her crew    
before ,tripoli1 forms a solemn page in 
our  naval history2 atoned1 however1 by 

the brilliant achievements to which  it 
gave rise4 ,twenty months of severe     
captivity among a barbarous  people1 and
 in a noxious climate1 neither broke the
 spirit nor  impaired the constitution  
of ,jones4 ,blest by nature with        
vigorous  health and an invincible      
resolution1 when relieved from bondage  
by the  bravery of his countrymen1 he   
returned home full of life and ardor4   
,he was soon after promoted to a        
lieutenancy4 ,he was now for some time  
employed on the ,orleans station1 where 
he conducted himself with  his usual    
judgment and propriety1 and was a       
favorite in the polite  circles of the  
,orleans and ,mississippi territories4  
,he was shortly  after appointed to the 
command of the brig ,argus1 stationed   
for the  protection of our commerce on  
the southern maritime frontier4 ,in this
  situation he acted with vigilance and 
fidelity1 and though there were  at one 
time insidious suggestions to the       
contrary1 it has appeared  that he      

conformed to his instructions1 promoted 
the public interest1  and gave entire   
satisfaction to the government4 ,in     
#ahaa1 he was  transferred to the       
command of the sloop-of-war ,wasp1      
mounting eighteen  twenty-four pound    
carronades1 and dispatched1 in the      
spring of #ahab1  with communications to
 the courts of ,st4 ,cloud and ,st4     
,james4 ,before  he returned1 war had   
been declared against ,great ,britain4  
,he refitted  his ship with all possible
 dispatch1 and repaired to sea1 but met 
with  no other good fortune than the    
capture of an inconsiderable prize4 ,he 
next sailed from ,philadelphia on the   
#acth of ,october1 and on the #ahth  of 
the same month encountered a heavy gale1
 during which the ,wasp  lost her       
jibboom and two seamen4 ,on the         
following night1 the watch  discovered  
five strange sail steering eastward4    
,the ,wasp hauled to  the windward and  
closely watched their movements until   
daylight next  morning1 when it was     

found that they were six large merchant 
vessels  under convoy of a sloop of war4
 ,the former were well manned1 two  of  
them mounting sixteen guns each4        
,notwithstanding the apparent  disparity
 of force4 ,captain ,jones determined to
 hazard an attack2  and as the weather  
was boisterous1 and the swell of the sea
 unusually  high1 he ordered down       
top-gallant yards1 closely reefed the   
top-sails1  and prepared for action4 ,we
 cannot give a detail of this brilliant 
engagement1 which resulted in the       
capture of the ,frolic4 ,it was one of  
the most daring and determined actions  
in our naval history4 ,the force  of the
 ,frolic consisted of sixteen thirty-two
 pound carronades1 four  twelve-pounders
 on the maindeck1 and two twelve-pound  
carronades4  ,both vessels had more men 
than was essential to their efficiency2 
but  while there was an equality of     
strength in the crews1 there was an     
inequality in the number of guns and    
weight of metal--the ,frolic  having    

four twelve-pounders more than the      
,wasp4 ,the exact number of  killed and 
wounded on board the ,frolic could not  
be ascertained with  any degree of      
precision2 but1 from the admissions of  
the ,british  officers1 it was supposed 
that their loss in killed was about     
thirty1  including two officers1 and in 
wounded1 between forty and fifty4 ,the  
captain and every other officer on board
 were more or less severely  wounded4   
,the ,wasp sustained a loss of only five
 men killed1 and five  wounded4         
,while erecting jurymasts on board the  
,frolic1 soon after1 a suspicious  sail 
was seen to windward1 upon which        
,captain ,jones directed  ,lieutenant   
,biddle to shape her course for         
,charleston1 or any other  port of the  
,united ,states1 while the ,wasp should 
continue upon  her cruise4 ,the sail    
coming down rapidly1 both vessels       
prepared  for action1 but it was soon   
discovered1 to the mortification of  the
 victors in this well-fought action1    

that the new enemy was a  seventy-four1 
which proved to be the ,poictiers1      
commanded by ,admiral  ,beresford4      
,firing a shot over the ,frolic1 she    
passed her1 and soon  overhauled the    
,wasp1 which1 in her crippled state1 was
 unable to  escape4 ,both vessels were  
thus captured1 and carried into         
,bermuda4  ,after a few weeks1 a cartel 
was proposed by which the officers  and 
crew of the ,wasp were conveyed to ,new 
,york4 ,on the return of  ,captain      
,jones to the ,united ,states1 he was   
everywhere received with  demonstrations
 of respect for the skill and gallantry 
displayed in his  combat with the enemy4
 ,the legislature of ,delaware gave him 
a vote  of thanks1 and a piece of plate4
 ,on the motion of ,james ,a4 ,bayard1  
of ,delaware1 ,congress appropriated    
twenty-five thousand dollars1 as  a     
compensation to the commander1 his      
officers1 and crew1 for the loss  they  
had sustained by the recapture of the   
,frolic4 ,they also voted  a gold medal 

to the ,captain1 and a silver medal to  
each of his  commissioned officers4 ,as 
a farther evidence of the confidence of 
government1 ,captain ,jones was ordered 
to the command of the frigate           
,macedonian1 recently captured from the 
,british by ,decatur4 ,she was  rapidly 
fitted out under his direction1 in the  
harbor of ,new ,york1  and proposed for 
one of ,decatur's squadron1 which was   
about to sail on  another expedition4   
,in ,may #ahaa1 the squadron attempted  
to put to  sea1 but1 in sailing up ,long
 ,island ,sound1 encountered a large    
,british  force1 which compelled the    
,united ,states vessels to retreat into 
,new ,london4 ,in this situation the    
enemy continued an uninterrupted        
blockade during the war4 ,finding it    
impossible to avoid the vigilance  of   
,sir ,thomas ,hardy1 who commanded the  
blockading fleet1 the  government       
ordered ,captain ,jones to proceed with 
his officers and crew  to ,sackett's    
,harbor1 and report to ,commodore       

,chauncey1 as commander of  the frigate 
,mohawk1 on lake ,ontario4 ,there the   
,americans maintained  an ascendency1   
and continued to cruise until ,october1 
when the ,british  squadron1 under ,sir 
,james ,yeo1 left ,kingston1 with a     
greatly superior  force1 which caused   
the ,united ,states squadron to return  
to ,sackett's  ,harbor4 ,it seemed1     
indeed1 that the contest now depended on
 the  exertions of the ship carpenters4 
,two line of battle ships were placed   
on the stocks1 and were advancing       
rapidly to completion1 when1 in         
,february #ahae1 the news of peace      
arrived1 with orders to suspend  further
 operations on these vessels4 ,a few    
weeks after the peace was  announced1   
,captain ,jones with his officers and   
crew was ordered to  repair to the      
seaboard1 and again to take command of  
the ,macedonian1  to form part of the   
force against the ,algerines1 then      
depredating on  our commerce in the     
,mediterranean4 ,as soon as the         

,algerian ,regency was  informed that   
war existed between the ,united ,states 
and ,great ,britain1  the ,dey          
dispatched his cruisers to capture all  
,american merchant  vessels4 ,to punish 
these freebooters1 nine or ten vessels  
were fitted  out and placed under       
,decatur4 ,this armament sailed from    
,new ,york in  ,may1 #ahae1 and when off
 ,cadiz was informed that the ,algerines
 were  along the southern coast of      
,spain4 ,two days after reaching the    
,mediterranean1 the ,united ,states     
squadron fell in with and captured  the 
,algerine frigate ,messuado1 mounting   
forty-six guns1 and the next  day       
captured a large brig of war1 both of   
which were carried into the  port of    
,carthagena1 in ,spain4 ,the ,american  
squadron then proceeded to  the bay of  
,algiers1 where its sudden and          
unexpected appearance excited  no slight
 surprise and alarm in the ,regency4    
,the ,dey reluctantly  yielded to every 
demand to him2 he restored the value of 

the property  belonging to ,american    
merchants which he had seized1 released 
all the  prisoners he had captured1 and 
relinquished forever all claims on the  
annual tribute which he had received4   
,after having thus terminated  the war  
with ,algiers1 and formed an            
advantageous treaty1 the  squadron      
proceeded to other ,barbary capitals1   
and adjusted some minor  difficulties1  
which1 however1 were of importance to   
our merchants4  ,after touching at      
several of the islands in the           
,mediterranean1 at  ,naples1 and at     
,malaga1 the entire force came back to  
the ,united ,states  early in ,december4
 ,from this period till his death1 no   
event of  much importance distinguished 
the career of ,commodore ,jones4 ,he    
was1  however1 almost constantly        
employed in various responsible         
positions1  his appointment to which    
evinced the confidence government placed
  in his talents and discretion4 ,in    
#ahba1 he took the command of a         

squadron1 for the protection of our     
trade in the ,mediterranean1 in  which  
he continued for three years4 ,on his   
return he was offered a  seat in the    
,board of ,navy ,commissioners1 but1    
finding bureau duties  irksome1 he      
accepted1 in #ahbf1 the command of our  
navy in the  ,pacific1 where he also    
continued three years1 ,afterward he was
 placed  in command of the ,baltimore   
station1 where he remained1 with the    
exception of a short interval1 until    
transferred to the harbor of  ,new      
,york4 ,since #ahdg1 he had held the    
place of ,governor of the ,united       
,states ,naval ,asylum1 on the          
,schuylkill1 near ,philadelphia4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,julia ,,betterton ,,glover4    ,an    
actress who has been admired and        
respected by three generations of       
play-goers has quitted the stage of life
 in the person of ,mrs4 ,glover4  ,the  
final exit was somewhat sudden1 as it   
seemed to the general  public2 but it   

was anticipated by her friends4 ,a      
friendly biographer  in the ,morning    
,chronicle explains the circumstances2  
first referring  to the extraordinary   
manifestations of public feeling which  
attended  ,mrs4 ,glover's last farewell1
 at ,drury-,lane ,theater1 on ,friday1  
the  #abth of ,july4    ,in our capacity
 of spectators we did not then see      
occasion to mention  what had otherwise 
come to our knowledge--that the         
evidences of  extreme suffering         
manifested by ,mrs4 ,glover on that     
evening--her  inability to go through   
her part1 except as a mere shadow of her
  former self1 and the substitution of  
an apologetic speech from ,mr4  ,leigh  
,murray for the address which had been  
written for her by a  well-known and    
talented amateur of the drama--arose not
 merely from  the emotion natural on a  
farewell night1 after more than half a  
century of active public service1 but   
also from extreme physical  debility1   
the result of an attack of illness of a 

wasting character1  which had already   
confined that venerable lady to her bed 
for many  days4 ,in fact1 it was only   
the determination of ,mrs4 ,glover      
herself  not to disappoint the audience1
 who had been invited and attracted for 
many weeks before1 that overruled the   
remonstrances of her friends  and family
 against her appearing at all4 ,she was 
then utterly unfit  to appear on the    
stage in her professional character1 and
 the most  serious alarm was felt lest  
there should be some sudden and fatal   
catastrophe4 ,the result of the struggle
 of feeling she then underwent1         
superadded as it was to the physical    
causes which had undermined her         
strength1 was1 that ,mrs4 ,glover sunk  
under the disease which had been        
consuming her1 and quitted this life on 
,monday night4    ,mrs4 ,glover1 born   
,julia ,betterton1 was daughter of an   
actor named  ,betterton1 who held a good
 position on the ,london stage toward   
the close of the last century4 ,she is  

said to have been a lineal  descendant  
of the great actor of the same name4    
,her birthday was  the #hth ,january1   
#agha4 ,brought up1 as most of our great
 actors and  actresses have been1 at the
 wings1 she was even in infancy sent on 
the stage in children's parts4 ,she     
became attached to the company of  ,tate
 ,wilkinson1 for whom she played1 at    
,york1 the part of the ,page  in ,the   
,orphan2 and she also exercised her     
juvenile talents in the  part of ,tom   
,thumb1 for the benefit of ,george      
,frederick ,cooke1 who on  the occasion 
doffed his tragic garb and appeared in  
the character of  ,glumdalcar4 ,another 
character which she played successfully 
with  ,cooke was that of the little     
,duke of ,york in ,richard the ,third2  
into which1 it is recorded1 she threw a 
degree of spirit and childish           
roguishness that acted as a spur on the 
great tragedian himself1 who  never     
performed better than when seconded by  
his childish associate4  ,in #agif she  

had attained such a position in the     
preparatory school  of the provincial   
circuits1 chiefly at ,bath1 that she was
 engaged at  ,covent ,garden2 in the    
first instance at #aj a week1 and       
ultimately for  five years at #ae a     
week1 rising to #bj2 terms then thought 
somewhat  extraordinary and even        
exorbitant4 ,miss ,betterton first      
appeared in  ,london in ,october #agig1 
fifty-three years ago1 as ,elvira1 in   
,hannah  ,more's tragedy of ,percy4 ,her
 success was great2 and in a short time 
she had taken such a hold of popular    
favor1 that when ,mrs4 ,abington        
returned for a brief period to the      
stage1 ,miss ,betterton held her  ground
 against the rival attraction1 and even 
secured the admiration  of ,mrs4        
,abington herself4 ,her subsequent      
engagements were at  ,drury-,lane and   
,covent-,garden alternately1 till she   
made that long  engagement at the       
,haymarket1 during which she has become 
best known to  the present generation of

 playgoers4 ,her more recent brief      
engagement  with ,mr4 ,anderson1 at     
,drury-,lane1 and her last one with ,mr4
 ,w4 ,farren1  at the ,strand ,theater1 
whither she contributed so much to      
attract  choice audiences1 are fresh in 
the memory of metropolitans4 ,looking   
back to ,mrs4 ,glover's long and        
brilliant career upon the stage1 we  may
 pronounce her one of the most          
extraordinary women and accomplished    
actresses that have ever graced the     
profession of the drama4 ,mrs4  ,glover 
had a daughter1 ,phillis1 a very clever 
young actress1 at the  ,haymarket       
,theater1 who has been dead several     
years4 ,her two sons are  distinguished1
 the one as a popular musical composer1 
and the other as  a clever              
tragedian--the latter with considerable 
talent1 also1 as an  amateur painter4   
,a ,london correspondent of the ,spirit 
of the ,times gives an  interesting     
account of the ,glover benefit1 and the 
last scenes4           99       99      

99       99       99    ,,madame        
,,gavaudan is dead4 ,to many it will be 
necessary to explain  that ,madame      
,gavaudan was1 in her time1 one of the  
most favorite  singing-actresses and    
acting songstresses belonging to the    
,opra  ,comique of ,paris2 and that1    
after many years of popularity1 she     
retired from the stage in #ahbc4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,general ,,berthand1 ,baron de ,sivray1
 died early in ,july at ,luc1 in        
,france1 in the eighty-fourth year of   
his age4 ,he was an officer before  the 
first revolution1 and served through all
 the wars of the ,republic  and the     
,empire4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,,robert ,r4 ,,baird1 a  
son of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,baird1 and a     
young man of  amiable character and     
considerable literary abilities1 which  
had been  illustrated for the most part1
 we believe1 in translation1 was drowned
  in the ,north ,river at ,yonkers on   
,tuesday evening1 the #fth instant1     

about seven o'clock4 ,the deceased had  
gone into the water to bathe in  company
 with several others1 and was carried by
 the rising tide into  deep water1      
where1 as he could swim but little1 he  
sunk to rise no  more1 before help could
 reach him4 ,this premature and sudden  
death has  overwhelmed his parents and  
friends in the deepest distress4 ,he was
  twenty-five years old4           99   
99       99       99       99    ,,the  
,,death ,,of ,,mr4 ,s4 ,,joseph1 the    
sculptor1 known by his statue of        
,wilberforce in ,westminster ,abbey and 
his statue of ,wilkie in the  ,national 
,gallery1 is mentioned in the ,english  
papers4 ,his busts  exhibit a fine      
perception of character1 and many a     
delicate grace in  the modeling4 ,mr4   
,joseph was long a resident in          
,edinburgh4 ,he modeled  a bust of ,sir 
,walter ,scott about the same time that 
,chantrey modeled  his--that bust which 
best preserves to us the features and   
character  of the great novelist4       

99       99       99       99       99  
,,james ,,wright1 author of the         
,philosophy of ,elocution and other     
works  chiefly of a religious character1
 died at ,brighton1 ,england1 on the    
#ith of ,july1 aged #fh4           99   
99       99       99       99    ,,sir  
,,thomas ,,wilde1 who has just been     
promoted to the ,woolsack1 as ,baron    
,truro1 we learn from the ,illustrated  
,news1 was born in #aghb4 ,after        
practicing as an attorney1 he was called
 to the bar by the ,honorable  ,society 
of the ,inner ,temple1 the #gth         
,february1 #ahag4 ,he joined  the       
,western ,circuit1 and soon rose into   
considerable practice4 ,his  knowledge  
of the law1 combined with his great     
eloquence1 made him one  of the most    
successful advocates of his time4 ,he   
was for many years  the confidential and
 legal adviser of the late ,alderman    
,sir ,matthew  ,wood1 and his connection
 with that gentleman caused him to be   
engaged  as one of the senior counsel   

for the ,queen on the celebrated trial  
of  ,queen ,caroline4 ,though surrounded
 by rivals of the highest eminence  and 
the brightest fame1 ,wilde always stood 
among the foremost1  and obtained briefs
 in some of the greatest causes ever    
tried4 ,for  instance1 he was engaged on
 the winning side in the famous action  
of ,small v4 ,atwood1 in which his fees 
are said to have amounted to  something 
enormous4 ,in #ahbd he became a         
sergeant-at-law2 and he was  appointed  
,king's ,sergeant in #ahbg1 and         
,solicitor-,general in #ahci1  when he  
received the honor of knighthood4 ,in   
#ahda he first became                   
,attorney-,general2 and after a second  
time holding that office1 he  succeeded 
the late ,sir ,nicholas ,conyngham      
,tindal1 as ,lord ,chief  ,justice of   
the ,common ,pleas4 ,his recent         
appointment as ,lord ,chancellor  places
 him at the very summit of his          
profession4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,,from ,,the    

,,london ,,ladies' ,,companion4    ,,the
 ,,morning ,,song4    ,,by ,,barry      
,,cornwall4    ,a new ,english ,song1 by
 ,barry ,cornwall1 is now--more's the   
pity--a  too rare event in the musical  
year4 ,we are at once doing our readers 
a pleasure1 and owning a welcome        
kindness1 in publishing1 by the         
author's permission1 these words1 set by
 ,m4 ,benedict1 and sung by  ,madame    
,sontag4      ,the world is waking into 
light2      ,the dark and sullen night  
hath flown3    ,life lives and          
re-assumes its might1      ,and nature  
smiles upon her throne4        ,and the 
,lark1        ,hark6      ,she gives    
welcome to the day1      ,in a merry1   
merry1 lay1      ,tra la6--lira1 lira1  
lira1 la6      ,soft sounds are sailing 
through the air2      ,sweet sounds are 
springing from the stream2    ,and      
fairest things1 where all is fair1      
,join gently in the grateful theme4     
,and the ,lark1 c41 c4      ,the morn1  
the morn is in the skies2      ,the     

reaper singeth from the corn2    ,the   
shepherd on the hills replies2      ,and
 all things now salute the morn1        
,even the ,lark1 c41 c4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,,from 
,,eliza ,,cook',s ,,journal4    ,a      
,,lesson4    ,if society ever be wholly 
corrupted1 it will be by the idea that  
it is  already so4 ,some cynics believe 
in virtue1 sincerity1 and happiness1    
only as traditions of the past1 and by  
ridicule seek to propagate the  notion4 
,this vain and pedantic philosophy would
 turn all hearts to  stone1 and arm     
every man with suspicion against all    
others1 declaiming  against the romance 
of life1 as empty sentimentalism2       
against the  belief in goodness1 as     
youth's sanguine folly2 and the hope of 
pure  happiness1 as a fanciful dream1   
created by a young imagination1 to be   
dissipated by the teaching of a few     
years' struggle with the world4    ,if  
this be wisdom1 ,i am no philosopher1   
and ,i never wish to be one2  for sooner

 would ,i float upon the giddy current  
of fancy1 to fall  among quicksands at  
last1 than travel through a dull and    
dreary world1  without confidence in my 
companions4 ,that we may be happy1 that 
we  may find sincere friends1 that we   
may meet the good1 and enjoy the        
beautiful on earth1 is a creed that will
 find believers in all hearts  unsoured 
by their own asceticism4 ,virtue will   
sanctify every fireside  where we invite
 her to dwell1 and if the clouds of     
misfortune darken  and deform the whole 
period of our existence1 it is a        
darkness that  emanates from ourselves1 
and a deformity created by us to our own
  unhappiness4    ,yet this is not      
relating the little story which is the  
object of my  observations4 ,the axiom  
which ,i wish to lay down1 to maintain1 
and to  prove correct1 is1 that married 
life may be with most people1 should  be
 with all1 and is with many1 a state of 
happiness4 ,the reader  may smile at my 
boldness1 but the history of the        

personages ,i shall  introduce to walk  
their hour on this my little stage1 will
 justify my  adopting the maxim4    ,m4 
,pierre ,lavalles1 owner of a vineyard1 
near a certain village  in the south of 
,france1 wooed and wedded ,mdlle4 ,julie
 ,gouchard4  ,exactly where they dwelt1 
and all the precise circumstances of    
their  position1 ,i do not mean to      
indicate1 and if ,i might offer a hint  
to  my contemporaries1 it would be a    
gentle suggestion that they occupy  too 
much time1 paper1 and language in       
geographical and genealogical  details1 
very wearisome1 because very            
unnecessary4 ,monsieur ,pierre          
,lavalles then lived in a pretty house1 
near a certain village in a             
vine-growing district of the south of   
,france1 and when he took his  young    
wife home1 he showed her great stores of
 excellent things1  calculated well for 
the comfortable subsistence of a        
youthful and  worthy couple4 ,flowers   
and blossoming trees shed odor near the 

lattice  windows1 verdure soft and green
 was spread over the garden1 and the    
mantling vine laid forth the purple     
grape1 over a rich and sunny  plantation
 near at hand4 ,the house was small1 but
 neat1 and well  furnished in the style 
of the province1 and ,monsieur and      
,madame ,pierre  ,lavalles lived very   
happily in plenty and content4    ,here 
,i leave them1 and introduce the reader 
to ,monsieur ,antoine  ,perron1 notary  
in the neighboring village4    ,let me  
linger over a notice of this individual4
 ,he was a good man1 and  what is more  
curious an honest lawyer4 ,indeed1 in   
spite of my happy  theory1 ,i may say   
that such a good man1 and such a good   
lawyer you  could seldom meet4 ,all the 
village knew him2 he mixed up in every  
one's quarrels2 not1 as is usually the  
case1 to make confusion worse           
confounded by a double-tongued          
hypocrisy1 but to produce conciliation2 
he mingled in every one's affairs1 not  
to pick up profit for himself1  but to  

prevent the villagers from running into 
losses and imprudent  speculations2 he  
talked much1 yet1 it was not slander1   
but advice2 he  thought more1 yet it was
 not over mischief1 but on schemes of   
good2  he was known to everybody1 yet   
none that knew him respected him the    
less on that account4 ,he was a little1 
spare1 merry-looking man1 that  sought  
to appear grave when he was most        
inclined to merriment1 and  if he       
considered himself a perfect genius in  
his plans for effecting  good1 his      
vanity may be pardoned1 because of the  
food it fed on4    ,m4 ,antoine ,perron 
considered himself very ingenious1 and  
if he had a  fault1 it was his love of  
originality4 ,he never liked to perform 
any  action in a common way1 and never  
chuckled so gaily to himself1 as  when  
he had achieved some charitable end by  
some extraordinary means4    ,it was    
seven months after the marriage of ,m4  
,pierre ,lavalles1 ,m4  ,antoine ,perron
 sat in his little parlor1 and gazed    

with a glad eye  upon the cheerful fire1
 for the short winter was just          
terminating4  ,leaning forward in his   
chair1 he shaded his face with his      
hands1 and  steadily perused the figures
 among the coals with a most pleasant   
countenance4 ,the room was small1 neat1 
and comfortable1 for the notary         
prospered1 in his humble way and seeking
 only comfort found it1 and  was        
content4    ,suddenly a violent knocking
 at the door aroused him from his       
reverie1  and he heard his old servant  
rushing to open it4 ,in a moment1 two   
persons were ushered into the room1 and 
the notary leaped to his  feet in       
astonishment at the extraordinary scene 
before him4 ,had a  thunderbolt cloven  
the roof1 and passed through his hearth 
to its  grave in the center of the      
globe1 or had the trees that nodded     
their  naked branches without the window
 commenced a dance upon the snowy       
ground1 he had not been more surprised4 
,monsieur ,pierre ,lavalles1 and ,madame

 ,pierre ,lavalles stood just inside    
the doorway4 ,never had ,monsieur       
,perron seen them before1 as he saw     
them now4 ,like turtle-doves1 with      
smiling eyes1 and affectionate  caress1 
they had lived in happy harmony during  
the seven months of  their married life1
 and motherly dames1 when they gave     
their daughters  away1 bade them prosper
 and be pleasant in their union1 as they
 had  been joyous in their love1        
pleasant and joyous1 as neighbor        
,lavalles  and his wife4    ,now1       
,pierre stood red and angry1 with his   
right arm extended1  gesticulating      
toward his wife4 ,julie stood red and   
angry1 with her  left arm extended1     
gesticulating toward her husband4 ,eyes1
 that had  only radiated smiles1 flashed
 with fierce passion1 as the turtle     
doves  remained near the door1 each     
endeavoring to anticipate the other in  
some address to the worthy notary4 ,he1 
aghast and perplexed1 waited  for the   
denouement4    ,madame1 said ,monsieur  

,pierre ,lavalles1 allow me to speak4   
,monsieur1 said ,madame ,pierre         
,lavalles4 ,i insist--    ,but1 ,madame1
 it is my--    ,but1 ,monsieur1 ,i say  
,i will4    ,and yet ,i will4    ,but   
no--    ,madame1 ,i shall4    ,then be  
careful what you do2 ,m4 ,perron1 ,m4   
,lavalles is mad4    ,then the lady1    
having thus emphatically declared       
herself1 resigned the  right of speech  
to her husband1 who began to jerk out in
 disconnected  phrases a statement of   
his case4 ,seven days ago he had annoyed
 his  wife by some incautious word2 she 
had annoyed him by an incautious        
answer2 he had made matters worse by an 
aggravating retort2 and she  had widened
 the breach by a bitter reply4 ,this    
little squall was  succeeded by a cool  
calm1 and that by a sullen silence1     
until some  sudden friction kindled a   
new flame1 and finally1 after successive
  storms and lulls1 there burst forth a 
furious conflagration1 and  in the      
violent collision of their anger1 the   

seven-months' married  pair vowed to    
separate1 and with that resolve had     
visited ,m4 ,perron4  ,reconciliation   
they declared was beyond possibility1   
and they  requested the notary at once  
to draw up the documents that should    
consign them to different homes1 to     
subsist on a divided patrimony1  in     
loveless and unhappy marriage4 ,each    
told a tale in turn1 and the  manner of 
relation added fuel to the anger of the 
other4 ,the man and  the woman seemed to
 have leaped out of their nature in the 
accession  of their passion4 ,pity that 
a quarrel should ever dilate thus1 from 
a  cloud the size of a man's hand to a  
thunder-storm that covers heaven  with  
its black and dismal canopy4    ,neither
 would listen to reason4 ,the duty of   
the notary was to prepare  the process  
by which they were to be separated4     
,monsieur1 he said1 ,i will arrange the 
affair for you2 but you are  acquainted 
with the laws of ,france in this        
respect6    ,i know nothing of the law1 

replied ,m4 ,pierre ,lavalles4          
,madame1 said the notary1 your wish     
shall be complied with4 ,but you  know  
what the law says on this head8    ,i   
never read a law book1 sharply          
ejaculated ,madame ,pierre ,lavalles4   
,then1 resumed the notary1 the case is  
this4 ,you must return to  your house1  
and ,i will proceed to settle the       
proceedings with the  ,judicatory ,court
 at ,paris4 ,they are very strict4 ,you 
must furnish me  with all the documents 
relative to property4    ,i have them   
here1 put in the husband1 by way of     
parenthesis4    ,and the whole affair   
including correspondence1 preparations  
of  instruments1 c41 will be settled in 
less than three months4    ,three       
months8    ,three months4 ,yes1 in less 
than three months4    ,then ,i will live
 with a friend at the village1 until it 
is finished1  said ,madame ,lavalles1 in
 a decided1 peremptory tone1 usual with 
ladies  when they are a little ashamed  
of themselves1 or any one else4    ,oh1 

very well1 ,madame1--oh1 very well4     
,not at all well1 ,madame2 not at all   
well1 ,monsieur1 said the notary1  with 
a solid1 immovable voice4 ,you must live
 as usual4 ,if you doubt  my knowledge  
of the law1 you will1 by reading through
 these seven  books1 find that this fact
 is specified4    ,but the irritated    
couple were not disposed to undertake   
the  somniferous task1 and shortly left 
the house1 as they had come1  walking   
the same way1 but at a distance of a    
yard or so one from  another4    ,two   
months and twenty-seven days had passed1
 when the notary issued  from his house1
 and proceeded toward the house where   
,monsieur and  ,madame ,lavalles dwelt4 
,since the fatal night ,i have          
described1 he  had not encountered them1
 and he now1 with a bland face and      
confident  head1 approached the         
dwelling4    ,it was a pretty place4    
,passing through the sunny vineyards    
where the  spring was just calling out  
the leaves1 and the young shoots in     

their  tints of tender green were       
sprouting in the warmth of a pleasant   
day2  the notary entered a garden4 ,here
 the flowers1 in infant bloom1 had      
prepared the earth for the coming       
season1 for summer in her gay attire    
was tripping from the south1 and as she 
passed1 nature wove garlands  to adorn  
her head1 and wreathe about her arms4   
,early blossoms lent  sweetness to the  
breath of the idle winds that loitered  
in this  delightful spot1 and the fair  
young primrose was sown over the        
parterres1 with other flowers of spring1
 the most delicate and softly  fragrant1
 that come out to live their hour in    
modesty and safety1  while the earth    
affords them room1 and before the bright
 and gaudy  bloom of a riper season     
eclipses their beauty1 bidding them1    
blushing1  close their petals4    ,early
 roses twined on either side the porch1 
and as the notary  entered1 nothing     
struck him more than the neat and       
cheerful appearance  of the place4 ,a   

demoiselle ushered him into a little    
parlor1 where  ,monsieur ,pierre        
,lavalles1 and ,madame ,julie ,lavalles1
 had just sat down  to partake          
breakfast4    ,a small table was drawn  
up close to the open window1 and vernal 
breezes found welcome in the chamber4 ,a
 snowy cloth hung down to the           
well-polished floor1 and tall white cups
 were placed upon it to rival  it in    
purity and grace4 ,cakes of bread1 such 
bread as is only had in  ,france1 with  
delicious butter1 and rich brown foaming
 coffee frothed  with cream1 were spread
 before them1 and a basket of fresh     
spring  flowers1 sparkling with dew and 
beautifully odorous1 scented the whole  
chamber with a delicate perfume4    ,the
 husband and wife sat side by side1 with
 pleasant looks1 and so  engaged in     
light and amiable conversation1 that    
they hardly noticed  the entrance of the
 notary4 ,the storm had vanished and    
left no trace4  ,flushes of anger1      
flashes of spite1 quick breathings1 and 

disordered  looks--all these had passed1
 and now smiles1 and eyes lit only with 
kindness1 and bosoms beating with calm  
content1 and looks all full of  love1   
were alone to be observed4    ,when ,m4 
,antoine ,perron entered1 they started2 
at length1 and then  recollecting his   
mission1 blushed crimson1 looked one at 
another1 and  then at the ground1       
awaiting his address4    ,monsieur1 and 
,madame1 said the notary1 according to  
your desires  ,i come with all the      
documents necessary for your separation1
 and the  division of your property4    
,they only want your signature1 and we  
will  call in your servant to be        
witness4    ,stay1 exclaimed ,madame    
,julie1 laughing at her husband1        
,pierre1  explain to ,m4 ,perron4       
,ah1 ,monsieur ,perron1 said ,monsieur  
,antoine ,lavalles1 we had  forgotten   
that1 and hoped you had also4 ,say not a
 word of it to any  one4    ,no1 not a  
word1 said ,madame ,julie4 ,we never    
quarreled but once  since we married1   

and we never mean to quarrel again4     
,not unless you provoke it1 said        
,monsieur ,lavalles1 audaciously4 ,but  
,m4 ,perron1 you will take breakfast    
with us8    ,you're a wicked wretch1    
said ,madame ,julie1 tapping him on the 
cheek4  ,after breakfast1 ,m4 ,perron1  
we will sign the papers4    ,after      
breakfast1 said ,m4 ,pierre ,lavalles1  
we will burn them4    ,we shall see1    
said the notary4 ,sign them or burn     
them4 ,madame ,julie  ,lavalles1 your   
coffee is charming4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,after 
seven months' harmony1 do not let seven 
days' quarrel destroy  the happiness of 
home4 ,do not follow the directions of a
 person in a  passion4 ,allow him to    
cool and consider his purpose4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,from ,,dickens',s ,,household ,,words4
    ,,dust2    ,,or ,,ugliness          
,,redeemed4    ,on a murky morning in   
,november1 wind north-east1 a poor old  
woman  with a wooden leg was seen       

struggling against the fitful gusts of  
the  bitter breeze1 along a stony zigzag
 road1 full of deep and irregular       
cart-ruts4 ,her ragged petticoat was    
blue1 and so was her wretched  nose4 ,a 
stick was in her left hand1 which       
assisted her to dig and  hobble her way 
along2 and in her other hand1 supported 
also beneath  her withered arm1 was a   
large rusty iron sieve4 ,dust and fine  
ashes  filled up all the wrinkles in her
 face2 and of these there were a        
prodigious number1 for she was          
eighty-three years old4 ,her name was   
,peg ,dotting4    ,about a quarter of a 
mile distant1 having a long ditch and a 
broken-down fence as a foreground1 there
 rose against the muddled-gray  sky1 a  
huge ,dust-heap of a dirty black color1 
being1 in fact1 one  of those immense   
mounds of cinders1 ashes1 and other     
emptyings  from dust-holes and bins1    
which have conferred celebrity on       
certain  suburban neighborhoods of a    
great city4 ,toward this dusky mountain 

old  ,peg ,dotting was now making her   
way4    ,advancing toward the ,dust-heap
 by an opposite path1 very narrow1 and  
just reclaimed from the mud by a thick  
layer of freshly-broken flints1  there  
came at the same time ,gaffer           
,doubleyear1 with his bone-bag slung    
over his shoulder4 ,the rags of his coat
 fluttered in the east-wind1  which also
 whistled keenly round his almost       
rimless hat1 and troubled  his one eye4 
,the other eye1 having met with an      
accident last week1 he  had covered     
neatly with an oyster-shell1 which was  
kept in its place  by a string at each  
side1 fastened through a hole4 ,he used 
no staff  to help him along1 though his 
body was nearly bent double1 so that his
  face was constantly turned to the     
earth1 like that of a four-footed       
creature4 ,he was ninety-seven years of 
age4 ,as these two patriarchal  laborers
 approached the great ,dust-heap1 a     
discordant voice hallooed  to them from 
the top of a broken wall4 ,it was meant 

as a greeting of  the morning1 and      
proceeded from little ,jem ,clinker1 a  
poor deformed  lad1 whose back had been 
broken when a child4 ,his nose and chin 
were  much too large for the rest of his
 face1 and he had lost nearly  all his  
teeth from premature decay4 ,but he had 
an eye gleaming with  intelligence and  
life1 and an expression at once patient 
and hopeful4  ,he had balanced his      
misshapen frame on the top of the old   
wall1 over  which one shriveled leg     
dangled1 as if by the weight of a       
hob-nailed  boot that covered a foot    
large enough for a plowman4    ,in      
addition to his first morning's         
salutation of his two aged friends1  he 
now shouted out in a tone of triumph and
 self-gratulation1 in which  he felt    
assured of their sympathy--    ,two     
white skins1 and a tor'shell-un6    ,it 
may be requisite to state that little   
,jem ,clinker belonged to the  dead-cat 
department of the ,dust-heap1 and now   
announced that a prize  of three skins1 

in superior condition4 had rewarded him 
for being  first in the field4    ,he   
was enjoying a seat on the wall1 in     
order to recover himself from  the      
excitement of his good fortune4    ,at  
the base of the great ,dust-heap the two
 old people now met their  young        
friend--a sort of great-grandson by     
mutual adoption--and they  at once      
joined the party who had by this time   
assembled as usual1 and  were already   
busy at their several occupations4      
,but besides all these1 another         
individual1 belonging to a very         
different class1 formed a part of the   
scene1 though appearing only on  its    
outskirts4 ,a canal ran along at the    
rear of the ,dust-heap1 and on  the     
banks of its opposite side slowly       
wandered by--with hands clasped  and    
hanging down in front of him1 and eyes  
bent vacantly upon his  hands--the      
forlorn figure of a man1 in a very      
shabby great-coat1 which  had evidently 
once belonged to one in the position of 

a gentleman4 ,and  to a gentleman it    
still belonged--but in what a position6 
,a scholar1  a man of wit1 of high      
sentiment1 of refinement1 and a good    
fortune  withal--now by a sudden turn of
 law bereft of the last only1 and       
finding that none of the rest1 for which
 7having his fortune7 he  had been so   
much admired1 enabled him to gain a     
livelihood4 ,his  title-deeds had been  
lost or stolen1 and so he was bereft of 
everything he possessed4 ,he had        
talents1 and such as would have been    
profitably available had he known how to
 use them for his new purpose2  but he  
did not2 he was misdirected2 he made    
fruitless efforts in his  want of       
experience2 and he was now starving4 ,as
 he passed the great  ,dust-heap1 he    
gave one vague1 melancholy gaze that    
way1 and then  looked wistfully into the
 canal4 ,and he continued to look into  
the  canal as he slowly moved along1    
till he was out of sight4    ,a         
,dust-heap of this kind is often worth  

thousands of pounds4 ,the  present one  
was very large and very valuable4 ,it   
was in fact a large  hill1 and being in 
the vicinity of small suburb cottages1  
it rose  above them like a great black  
mountain4 ,thistles1 groundsel1 and rank
  grass grew in knots on small parts    
which had remained for a long time      
undisturbed2 crows often alighted on its
 top1 and seemed to put on  their       
spectacles and become very busy and     
serious2 flocks of sparrows  often made 
predatory descents upon it2 an old goose
 and gander might  sometimes he seen    
following each other up its side1 nearly
 midway2  pigs rooted around its        
base1--and now and then1 one bolder than
 the  rest would venture some way up1   
attracted by the mixed odors of some    
hidden marrow-bone enveloped in a       
decayed cabbage-leaf--a rare event1     
both of these articles being unusual    
oversights of the ,searchers  below4    
,the principal ingredient of all these  
,dust-heaps is fine cinders  and ashes2 

but as they are accumulated from the    
contents of all the  dust-holes and bins
 of the vicinity1 and as many more as   
possible1  the fresh arrivals in their  
original state present very             
heterogeneous  materials4 ,we cannot    
better describe them than by presenting 
a brief  sketch of the different        
departments of the ,searchers and       
,sorters1  who are assembled below to   
busy themselves upon the mass of        
original  matters which are shot out    
from the carts of the dustmen4    ,the  
bits of coal1 the pretty numerous       
results of accident and  servants'      
carelessness1 are picked out1 to be sold
 forthwith2 the  largest and best of the
 cinders are also selected1 by another  
party1  who sell them to laundresses1 or
 to braziers 7for whose purposes coke   
would do as well27 and the next sort of 
cinders1 called the breeze1  because it 
is left after the wind has blown the    
finer cinders through  an upright sieve1
 is sold to the brick-makers4    ,two   

other departments1 called the soft-ware 
and the hard-ware1  are very important4 
,the former includes all vegetable and  
animal  matters--everything that will   
decompose4 ,these are selected and      
bagged  at once1 and carried off as soon
 as possible1 to be sold as manure  for 
plowed land1 wheat1 barley1 c4 ,under   
this head1 also1 the dead  cats are     
comprised4 ,they are generally the      
perquisites of the women  searchers4    
,dealers come to the wharf1 or          
dust-field1 every evening2  they give   
sixpence for a white cat1 fourpence for 
a colored cat1 and  for a black one     
according to her quality4 ,the hard-ware
 includes all  broken pottery pans1     
crockery1 earthenware1 oyster-shells1   
c41 which  are sold to make new roads4  
,the bones are selected with care1 and  
sold to the soap-boiler4 ,he  boils out 
the fat and marrow first1 for special   
use1 and the bones are  then crushed and
 sold for manure4    ,of rags1 the      
woollen rags are bagged and sent off for

 hop-manure2 the  white linen rags are  
washed1 and sold to make paper1 c4      
,the tin things are collected and put   
into an oven with a grating at  the     
bottom1 so that the solder which unites 
the parts melts1 and runs  through into 
a receiver4 ,this is sold separately2   
the detached pieces  of tin are then    
sold to be melted up with old iron1 c4  
,bits of old brass1 lead1 c41 are sold  
to be molted up separately1 or  in the  
mixture of ores4    ,all broken glass   
vessels1 as cruets1 mustard-pots1       
tumblers1  wine-glasses1 bottles1 c41   
are sold to the old-glass shops4    ,as 
for any articles of jewelry1 silver     
spoons1 forks1 thimbles1 or  other plate
 and valuables1 they are pocketed       
off-hand by the first  finder4 ,coins of
 gold and silver are often found1 and   
many coppers4    ,meantime1 everybody is
 hard at work near the base of the great
  ,dust-heap4 ,a certain number of      
cart-loads having been raked and        
searched for all the different things   

just described1 the whole of it  now    
undergoes the process of sifting4 ,the  
men throw up the stuff1 and  the women  
sift it4    ,when ,i was a young girl1  
said ,peg ,dotting--    ,that's a long  
while ago1 ,peggy1 interrupted one of   
the sifters3 but  ,peg did not hear her4
    ,when ,i was quite a young thing1   
continued she1 addressing old ,john     
,doubleyear1 who threw up the dust into 
her sieve1 it was the fashion  to wear  
pink roses in the shoes1 as bright as   
that morsel of ribbon  ,sally has just  
picked out of the dust2 yes1 and        
sometimes in the  hair1 too1 on one side
 of the head1 to set off the white      
powder and  salve-stuff4 ,i never wore  
one of these head-dresses myself--don't 
throw up the dust so high1 ,john--but ,i
 lived only a few doors lower  down from
 those as did4 ,don't throw up the dust 
so high1 ,i tell  'ee--the wind takes it
 into my face4    ,ah6 ,there6 ,what's  
that8 suddenly exclaimed little ,jem1   
running as  fast as his poor withered   

legs would allow him toward a fresh     
heap1  which had just been shot down on 
the wharf from a dustman's cart4 ,he    
made a dive and a search--then          
another--then one deeper still4 ,i'm    
sure ,i saw it6 cried he1 and again made
 a dash with both hands into a  fresh   
place1 and began to distribute the ashes
 and dust and rubbish on  every side1 to
 the great merriment of all the rest4   
,what did you see1 ,jemmy8 asked old    
,doubleyear1 in a compassionate  tone4  
,oh1 ,i don't know1 said the boy1 only  
it was like a bit of something  made of 
real gold6    ,a fresh burst of laughter
 from the company assembled followed    
this  somewhat vague declaration1 to    
which the dustmen added one or two      
elegant epithets1 expressive of their   
contempt of the notion that they  could 
have overlooked a bit of anything       
valuable in the process of  emptying    
sundry dust-holes1 and carting them     
away4    ,ah1 said one of the sifters1  
poor ,jem's always a-fancying something 

or other good but it never comes4       
,didn't ,i find three cats this morning8
 cried ,jem1 two on 'em white  'uns6    
,how you go on6    ,i meant something   
quite different from the like o' that1  
said the  other2 ,i was a-thinking of   
the rare sights all you three there have
  had1 one time and another4    ,the    
wind having changed1 and the day become 
bright1 the party at work  all seemed   
disposed to be more merry than usual4   
,the foregoing remark  excited the      
curiosity of several of the sifters1 who
 had recently  joined the company3 the  
parties alluded to were requested to    
favor  them with the recital2 and though
 the request was made with only a       
half-concealed irony1 still it was all  
in good-natured pleasantry1 and  was    
immediately complied with4 ,old         
,doubleyear spoke first3    ,i had a bad
 night of it with the rats some years   
ago--they runn'd  all over the floor1   
and over the bed1 and one on 'em come'd 
and guv a  squeak close into my ear--so 

,i couldn't sleep comfortable4 ,i       
wouldn't  ha' minded a trifle of it1 but
 this was too much of a good thing4  ,so
 ,i got up before sunrise1 and went out 
for a walk2 and thinking ,i  might as   
well be near our work-place1 ,i slowly  
come'd down this way6  ,i worked in a   
brick-field at that time1 near the canal
 yonder4 ,the sun  was just a rising up 
behind the ,dust-heap as ,i got in sight
 of it1  and soon it rose above1 and was
 very bright2 and though ,i had two eyes
  then1 ,i was obligated to shut them   
both4 ,when ,i opened them again1 the   
sun was higher up2 but in his haste to  
get over the ,dust-heap1 he had  dropped
 something4 ,you may laugh--,i say he   
dropped something4 ,well  ,i can't say  
what it was1 in course--a bit of        
his-self1 ,i suppose4  ,it was just like
 him--a bit on him1 ,i mean--quite as   
bright--just  the same--only not so big4
 ,and not up in the sky1 but a-lying and
  sparkling all on fire upon the        
,dust-heap4 ,thinks ,i--,i was a younger

  man then by some years than ,i am     
now--,i'll go and have a nearer look4   
,though you be a bit o' the sun1 maybe  
you won't hurt a poor man4 ,so  ,i      
walked toward the ,dust-heap1 and up ,i 
went1 keeping the piece of  sparkling   
fire in sight all the while4 ,but before
 ,i got up to it1 the  sun went behind a
 cloud--and as he went out--like1 so the
 young 'un  he had dropped1 went out    
arter him4 ,and ,i had to climb up the  
heap for  nothing1 though ,i had marked 
the place vere it lay very percizely4   
,but  there was no signs at all on him1 
and no morsel left of the light as  had 
been there4 ,i searched all about2 but  
found nothing 'cept a bit 'o  broken    
glass as had got stuck in the heel of an
 old shoe4 ,and that's  my story4 ,but  
if ever a man saw anything at all1 ,i   
saw a bit o' the  sun2 and ,i thank ,god
 for it4 ,it was a blessed sight for a  
poor ragged  old man of threescore and  
ten1 which was my age at that time4     
,now1 ,peggy6 cried several voices1 tell

 us what you saw4 ,peg saw a  bit o' the
 moon4    ,no1 said ,mrs4 ,dotting1     
rather indignantly2 ,i'm no moon-raker4 
,not  a sign of the moon was there1 nor 
a spark of a star the time ,i speak  on4
    ,well--go on1 ,peggy--go on4    ,i  
don't know as ,i will1 said ,peggy4     
,but being pacified by a few            
good-tempered1 though somewhat humorous1
  compliments1 she thus favored them    
with her little adventure3    ,there was
 no moon1 or stars1 or comet1 in the    
'versal heavens1 nor  lamp nor lantern  
along the road1 when ,i walked home one 
winter's night  from the cottage of     
,widow ,pin1 where ,i had been to tea   
with her and  ,mrs4 ,dry1 as lived in   
the almshouses4 ,they wanted ,davy1 the 
son of  ,bill ,davy the milkman1 to see 
me home with the lantern1 but ,i        
wouldn't  let him1 'cause of his sore   
throat4 ,throat6--no it wasn't his      
throat  as was rare sore--it was--no1 it
 wasn't--yes1 it was--it was his toe  as
 was sore4 ,his big toe4 ,a nail out of 

his boot had got into it4 ,i  told him  
he'd be sure to have a bad toe1 if he   
didn't go to church  more regular1 but  
he wouldn't listen2 and so my words     
come'd true4  ,but1 as ,i was a-saying1 
,i wouldn't let him by reason of his    
sore  throat--toe1 ,i mean--and as ,i   
went along1 the night seemed to grow    
darker and darker4 ,a straight road1    
though1 and ,i was so used to it by     
day-time1 it didn't matter for the      
darkness4 ,hows'ever1 when ,i come'd    
near the bottom of the ,dust-heap as ,i 
had to pass1 the great dark  heap was so
 'zackly the same as the night1 you     
couldn't tell one  from t'other4 ,so1   
thinks ,i to myself--what was ,i        
thinking of at  this moment8--for the   
life o' me ,i can't call it to mind2 but
 that's  neither here nor there1 only   
for this--it was a something that led me
  to remember the story of how the devil
 goes about like a roaring lion4  ,and  
while ,i was a-hoping he might not he   
out a-roaring that night1  what should  

,i see rise out of one side of the      
,dust-heap1 but a  beautiful shining    
star1 of a violet color4 ,i stood as    
still1 as  stock-still as any ,i        
don't-know-what6 ,there it lay1 as      
beautiful as  a new-born babe1 all      
a-shining in the dust6 ,by degrees ,i   
got courage  to go a little nearer--and 
then a little nearer still--for1 says ,i
  to myself1 ,i'm a sinful woman1 ,i    
know1 but ,i have repented1 and do      
repent constantly of all the sins of my 
youth and the backslidings  of my       
age--which have been numerous2 and once 
,i had a very heavy  backsliding--but   
that's neither here nor there4 ,so1 as  
,i was a-saying1  having collected all  
my sinfulness of life1 and humbleness   
before  ,heaven1 into a goodish bit of  
courage1 forward ,i steps--a little     
furder--and a leetle furder more--un-til
 ,i come'd just up to the  beautiful    
shining star lying upon the dust4 ,well1
 it was a long time ,i  stood a-looking 
down at it1 before ,i ventured to do    

what ,i arterwards  did4 ,but at last ,i
 did stoop down with both hands         
slowly--in case  it might burn1 or      
bite--and gathering up a good scoop of  
ashes as  my hands went along4 ,i took  
it up1 and began a-carrying it home1 all
  shining before me1 and with a soft    
blue mist rising up round about it4     
,heaven forgive me6 ,i was punished for 
meddling with what ,providence  had sent
 for some better purpose than to be     
carried borne by an old  woman like me1 
whom it had pleased ,heaven to afflict  
with the loss  of one leg1 and the pain1
 ixpinse1 and inconvenience of a wooden 
one4  ,well1 ,i was punished2           
covetousness had its reward2 for1       
presently1  the violet light got very   
pale1 and then went out2 and when ,i    
reached  home1 still holding in both    
hands all ,i had gathered up1 and when  
,i  took it to the candle1 it had burned
 into the red shell of a lobsky's  head1
 and its two black eyes poked up at me  
with a long stare--and ,i  may say1 a   

strong smell1 too--enough to knock a    
poor body known4    ,great applause1 and
 no little laughter1 followed the       
conclusion of old  ,peggy's story1 but  
she did not join in the merriment4 ,she 
said it was  all very well for young    
folks to laugh1 but at her age she had  
enough  to do to pray2 and she had never
 said so many prayers1 nor with so  much
 fervency1 as she had done since she    
received the blessed sight  of the blue 
star on the ,dust-heap1 and the         
chastising rod of the  lobster's head at
 home4    ,little ,jem's turn now came3 
the poor lad was1 however1 so excited by
  the recollection of what his          
companions called ,jem's ,ghost1 that he
  was unable to describe it in any      
coherent language4 ,to his imagination  
it had been a lovely vision1--the one   
bright consummate flower of  his life1  
which he treasured up as the most sacred
 image in his heart4  ,he endeavored1 in
 wild and hasty words1 to set forth1 how
 that he had  been bred a chimney-sweep2

 that one ,sunday afternoon he had left 
a set  of companions1 most on 'em       
sweeps1 who were all playing at marbles 
in  the church-yard1 and he had wandered
 to the ,dust-heap1 where he had  fallen
 asleep2 that he was awoke by a sweet   
voice in the air1 which  said something 
about some one having lost her          
way6--that he1 being now  wide awake1   
looked up1 and saw with his own eyes a  
young ,angel1 with  fair hair and rosy  
cheeks1 and large white wings at her    
shoulders1  floating about like bright  
clouds1 rise out of the dust6 ,she had  
on  a garment of shining crimson1 which 
changed as he looked upon her  to       
shining gold4 ,she then exclaimed1 with 
a joyful smile1 ,i see the  right way6  
and the next moment the ,angel was gone6
    ,as the sun was just now very bright
 and warm for the time of year1  and    
shining full upon the ,dust-heap in its 
setting1 one of the men  endeavored to  
raise a laugh at the deformed lad1 by   
asking him if he  didn't expect to see  

just such another angel at this minute1 
who had  lost her way in the field on   
the other side of the heap2 but his jest
  failed4 ,the earnestness and devout   
emotion of the boy to the vision of     
reality which his imagination1 aided by 
the hues of sunset1 had thus  exalted1  
were too much for the gross spirit of   
banter1 and the speaker  shrunk back    
into his dust-shovel1 and affected to be
 very assiduous in  his work4    ,before
 the day's work was ended1 however1     
little ,jem again had a  glimpse of the 
prize which had escaped him on the      
previous occasion4  ,he instantly       
darted1 hands and head foremost1 into   
the mass of cinders  and rubbish1 and   
brought up a black mass of half-burnt   
parchment1  entwined with vegetable     
refuse1 from which he speedily          
disengaged an  oval frame of gold1      
containing a miniature1 still protected 
by its  glass1 but half covered with    
mildew from the damp4 ,he was in        
ecstacies  at the prize4 ,even the white

 catskins paled before it4 ,in all      
probability some of the men would have  
taken it from him1 to try  and find the 
owner1 but for the presence and         
interference of his  friends ,peg       
,dotting and old ,doubleyear1 whose     
great age1 even among  the present      
company1 gave them a certain position of
 respect and  consideration4 ,so all the
 rest now went their way1 leaving the   
three  to examine and speculate on the  
prize4    ,these ,dust-heaps are a      
wonderful compound of things4 ,a        
banker's cheque  for a considerable sum 
was found in one of them4 ,it was on    
,merries   ,farquhar1 in #ahdg4 ,but    
bankers' cheques1 or gold and silver    
articles1  are the least valuable of    
their ingredients4 ,among other things1 
a  variety of useful chemicals are      
extracted4 ,their chief value1 however1 
is for the making of bricks4 ,the fine  
cinder-dust and ashes are used  in the  
clay of the bricks1 both for the red and
 gray stacks4 ,ashes  are also used as  

fuel between the layers of the clump of 
bricks1 which  could not be burned in   
that position without them4 ,the ashes  
burn  away1 and keep the bricks open4   
,enormous quantities are used4 ,in  the 
brickfields at ,uxbridge1 near the      
,drayton ,station1 one of the           
brickmakers alone will frequently       
contract for fifteen or sixteen         
thousand chaldrons of this cinder-dust1 
in one order4 ,fine coke1 or  coke-dust1
 affects the market at times as a rival2
 but fine coal1 or  coal-dust1 never1   
because it would spoil the bricks4      
,as one of the heroes of our tale had   
been originally--before his             
promotion--a chimney-sweeper1 it may be 
only appropriate to offer a  passing    
word on the genial subject of soot4     
,without speculating on  its origin and 
parentage1 whether derived from the     
cooking of a  ,christmas-dinner1 or the 
production of the beautiful colors and  
odors  of exotic plants in a            
conservatory1 it can briefly be shown to

 possess  many qualities both useful and
 ornamental4    ,when soot is first     
collected1 it is called rough soot1     
which1  being sifted1 is then called    
fine soot1 and is sold to farmers for   
manuring and preserving wheat and       
turnips4 ,this is more especially  used 
in ,herefordshire1 ,bedfordshire1       
,essex1 c4 ,it is rather a costly       
article1 being fivepence per bushel4    
,one contractor sells annually as  much 
as three thousand bushels2 and he gives 
it as his opinion1 that  there must be  
at least one hundred and fifty times    
this quantity 7four  hundred and fifty  
thousand bushels per annum7 sold in     
,london4 ,farmer  ,smutwise1 of         
,bradford1 distinctly asserts that the  
price of the soot  he uses on his land  
is returned to him in the straw1 with   
improvement  also to the grain4 ,and we 
believe him4 ,lime is used to dilute    
soot  when employed as a manure4 ,using 
it pure will keep off snails1 slugs1    
and caterpillars from peas and various  

other vegetables1 as also from  dahlias 
just shooting up1 and other flowers2 but
 we regret to add that  we have         
sometimes known it kill or burn up the  
things it was intended  to preserve from
 unlawful eating4 ,in short1 it is by no
 means so  safe to use for any purpose  
of garden manure1 as fine cinders and   
wood-ashes1 which are good for almost   
any kind of produce1 whether  turnips or
 roses4 ,indeed1 we should like to have 
one fourth or fifth  part of our        
garden-beds composed of excellent stuff 
of this kind4  ,from all that has been  
said1 it will have become very          
intelligible  why these ,dust-heaps are 
so valuable4 ,their worth1 however1     
varies  not only with their magnitude1  
7the quality of all of them is much  the
 same17 but with the demand4 ,about the 
year #ahbj1 the ,marylebone  ,dust-heap 
produced between four thousand and five 
thousand pounds4 ,in  #ahcb1 ,st4       
,george's paid ,mr4 ,stapleton five     
hundred pounds a year1 not  to leave the

 ,heap standing1 but to carry it away4  
,of course he was  only too glad to be  
paid highly for selling his ,dust4      
,but to return4 ,the three friends      
having settled to their satisfaction    
the amount of money they should probably
 obtain by the sale of the  golden      
miniature-frame1 and finished the       
castles which they had built  with it in
 the air1 the frame was again infolded  
in the sound part of  the parchment1 the
 rags and rottenness of the law were    
cast away1 and  up they rose to bend    
their steps homeward to the little hovel
 where  ,peggy lived1 she having invited
 the others to tea1 that they might     
talk yet more fully over the wonderful  
good luck that had befallen  them4      
,why1 if there isn't a man's head in the
 canal6 suddenly cried little  ,jem4    
,looky there6--isn't that a man's       
head8--,yes2 it's a drownded  man6    ,a
 drownded man1 as ,i live6 ejaculated   
old ,doubleyear4    ,let's get him out1 
and see6 cried ,peggy4 ,perhaps the poor

 soul's  not quite gone4    ,little ,jem
 scuttled off to the edge of the canal1 
followed by the two  old people4 ,as    
soon as the body had floated nearer1    
,jem got down into  the water1 and stood
 breast-high1 vainly measuring his      
distance1 with  one arm out1 to see if  
he could reach some part of the body as 
it was  passing4 ,as the attempt was    
evidently without a chance1 old         
,doubleyear  ,managed to get down into  
the water behind aim1 and holding him by
 one  hand1 the boy was thus enabled to 
make a plunge forward as the body  was  
floating by4 ,he succeeded in reaching  
it1 but the jerk was too  much for his  
aged companion1 who was pulled forward  
into the canal4 ,a  loud cry burst from 
both of them1 which was yet more loudly 
echoed by  ,peggy on the bank4          
,doubleyear and the boy were now        
struggling almost  in the middle of the 
canal1 with the body of the man twirling
 about  between them4 ,they would       
inevitably have been drowned1 had not   

old  ,peggy caught up a long dust-rake  
that was close at hand--scrambled  down 
up to her knees in the canal--clawed    
hold of the struggling group  with the  
teeth of the rake1 and fairly brought   
the whole to land4 ,jem  was first up   
the bank1 and helped up his two heroic  
companions2 after  which1 with no small 
difficulty1 they contrived to haul the  
body  of the stranger out of the water4 
,jem at once recognized in him the      
forlorn figure of the man who had passed
 by in the morning1 looking so  sadly   
into the canal as he walked along4      
,it is a fact well known to those who   
work in the vicinity of these  great    
,dust-heaps1 that when the ashes have   
been warmed by the sun1  cats and       
kittens that have been taken out of the 
canal and buried a  few inches beneath  
the surface1 have usually revived2 and  
the same has  often occurred in the case
 of men4 ,accordingly1 the three1       
without a  moment's hesitation1 dragged 
the body along to the ,dust-heap1 where 

they made a deep trench1 in which they  
placed it1 covering it all over  up to  
the neck4    ,there now1 ejaculated     
,peggy1 sitting down with a long puff to
  recover her breath1 he'll lie very    
comfortable1 whether or no4    ,couldn't
 lie better1 said old ,doubleyear1 even 
if he knew it4    ,the three now seated 
themselves close by1 to await the       
result4    ,i thought ,i'd a lost him1  
said ,jem1 and myself too2 and when ,i  
pulled ,daddy in arter me1 ,i guv us all
 three up for this world4    ,yes1 said 
,doubleyear1 it must have gone queer    
with us if ,peggy had  not come in with 
the rake4 ,how d'yee feel1 old girl8 for
 you've had  a narrow escape too4 ,i    
wonder we were not too heavy for you1   
and so  pulled you in to go with us4    
,the ,lord be praised6 fervently        
ejaculated ,peggy1 pointing toward  the 
pallid face that lay surrounded with    
ashes4 ,a convulsive twitching  passed  
over the features1 the lips trembled1   
the ashes over the breast  heaved1 and a

 low moaning sound1 which might have    
come from the bottom  of the canal1 was 
heard4 ,again the moaning sound1 and    
then the eyes  opened1 but closed almost
 immediately4    ,poor dear soul1       
whispered ,peggy1 how he suffers in     
surviving4 ,lift  him up a little4      
,softly4 ,don't be afeard4 ,we're only  
your good angels1  like--only poor      
cinder-sifters--don'tee be afeard4      
,by various kindly attentions and       
maneuvers such as these poor people  had
 been accustomed to practice on those   
who were taken out of the  canal1 the   
unfortunate gentleman was gradually     
brought to his senses4  ,he gazed about 
him1 as well he might--now looking in   
the anxious1  though begrimed1 faces of 
the three strange objects1 all in their 
weeds and dust--and then up at the huge 
,dust-heap1 over which the  moon was now
 slowly rising4    ,land of quiet       
,death6 murmured he1 faintly1 or land of
 ,life1 as dark  and still--,i have     
passed from one into the other2 but     

which of ye ,i am  now in1 seems        
doubtful to my senses4    ,here we are1 
poor gentleman1 cried ,peggy1 here we   
are1 all friends  about you4 ,how did'ee
 tumble into the canal8    ,the ,earth1 
then1 once more6 said the stranger1 with
 a deep sigh4 ,i  know where ,i am1 now4
 ,i remember this great dark hill of    
ashes--like  ,death's kingdom1 full of  
all sorts of strange things1 and put to 
many  uses4    ,where do you live8 asked
 old ,doubleyear4 ,shall we try and take
 you  home1 sir8    ,the stranger shook 
his head mournfully4 ,all this time1    
little ,jem had  been assiduously       
employed in rubbing his feet and then   
big hands2 in  doing which1 the piece of
 dirty parchment1 with the              
miniature-frame1  dropped out of his    
breast-pocket4 ,a good thought instantly
 struck  ,peggy4    ,run1 ,jemmy        
dear--run with that golden thing to ,mr4
 ,spikechin1 the  pawnbroker's--get     
something upon it directly1 and buy some
 nice  brandy--and some ,godfrey's      

cordial--and a blanket1 ,jemmy--and call
 a  coach1 and get up outside on it1 and
 make the coachee drive back here  as   
fast as you can4    ,but before ,jemmy  
could attend to this1 ,mr4 ,waterhouse1 
the stranger  whose life they had       
preserved1 raised himself on one elbow1 
and  extended his hand to the           
miniature-frame4 ,directly he looked at 
it he  raised himself higher up--turned 
it about once or twice--then caught  up 
the piece of parchment1 and uttering an 
ejaculation which no  one could have    
distinguished either as of joy or of    
pain1 sank back  fainting4    ,in brief1
 this parchment was a portion of the    
title-deeds he had lost2  and though it 
did not prove sufficient to enable him  
to recover his  fortune1 it brought his 
opponent to a composition1 which gave   
him an  annuity for life4 ,small as this
 was1 he determined that these poor     
people1 who had so generously saved his 
life at the risk of their  own1 should  
be sharers in it4 ,finding that what    

they most desired was  to have a cottage
 in the neighborhood of the ,dust-heap1 
built large  enough for all three to    
live together1 and keep a cow1 ,mr4     
,waterhouse  paid a visit to ,manchester
 ,square1 where the owner of the        
property  resided4 ,he told his story1  
as far as was needful1 and proposed to  
purchase the field in question4    ,the 
great ,dust-,contractor was much amused1
 and his daughter--a very  accomplished 
young lady--was extremely interested4   
,so the matter was  speedily arranged to
 the satisfaction and pleasure of all   
parties4 ,the  acquaintance1 however1   
did not end here4 ,mr4 ,waterhouse      
renewed his  visits very frequently1 and
 finally made proposals for the young   
lady's hand1 she having already         
expressed her hopes of a propitious     
answer from her father4    ,well1 ,sir1 
said the latter1 you wish to marry my   
daughter1 and she  wishes to marry you4 
,you are a gentleman and a scholar1 but 
you have  no money4 ,my daughter is what

 you see1 and she has no money4 ,but ,i 
have2 and therefore1 as she likes you   
and ,i like you1 ,i'll make you  both an
 offer4 ,i will give my daughter twenty 
thousand pounds1--or you  shall have the
 ,dust-heap4 ,choose6    ,mr4           
,waterhouse was puzzled and amused1 and 
referred the matter  entirely to the    
young lady4 ,but she was for having the 
money1 and no  trouble4 ,she said the   
,dust-heap might be worth much1 but they
 did not  understand the business4      
,very well1 said her father1 laughing1  
then1 there's the money4    ,this was   
the identical ,dust-heap1 as we know    
from authentic  information1 which was  
subsequently sold for forty thousand    
pounds1  and was exported to ,russia to 
rebuild ,moscow4           99       99  
99       99       99    ,,from          
,,household ,,words4    ,,an ,,excellent
 ,,opportunity4    ,in one of the       
dirtiest and most gloomy streets leading
 to the ,rue  ,st4 ,denis1 in ,paris1   
there stands a tall and ancient house1  

the lower  portion of which is a large  
mercer's shop4 ,this establishment is   
held  to be one of the very best in the 
neighborhood1 and has for many years    
belonged to an individual on whom we    
will bestow the name of ,ramin4         
,about ten years ago1 ,monsieur ,ramin  
was a jovial red-faced man of  forty1   
who joked his customers into purchasing 
his goods1 flattered  the pretty        
grisettes outrageously1 and now and then
 gave them a  ,sunday treat at the      
barrier1 as the cheapest way of securing
 their  custom4 ,some people thought him
 a careless1 good-natured fellow1 and   
wondered how1 with his off-hand ways1 he
 contrived to make money so  fast1 but  
those who knew him well saw that he was 
one of those who  never lost an         
opportunity4 ,others declared that      
,monsieur ,ramin's  own definition of   
his character was1 that he was a bon    
enfant1  and that it was all luck4 ,he  
shrugged his shoulders and laughed when 
people hinted at his deep scheming in   

making1 and his skill in taking         
advantage of ,excellent ,opportunities4 
,he was sitting in his gloomy parlor one
 fine morning in spring1  breakfasting  
from a dark liquid honored with the name
 of onion soup1  glancing at the        
newspaper1 and keeping a vigilant look  
on the shop  through the open door1 when
 his old servant ,catharine suddenly    
observed3    ,i suppose you know        
,monsieur ,bonelle has come to live in  
the vacant  apartment on the fourth     
floor8    ,what6 exclaimed ,monsieur    
,ramin1 in a loud key4    ,catharine    
repeated her statement1 to which her    
master listened in  total silence4      
,well6 he said at length1 in his most   
careless tones1 what about  the old     
fellow8 and he once more resumed his    
triple occupation of  reading1 eating1  
and watching4    ,why1 continued        
,catharine1 they say he is nearly dying1
 and that his  housekeeper1 ,marguerite1
 vowed he could never get up stairs     
alive4 ,it  took two men to carry him   

up2 and when he was at length quiet in  
bed1  ,marguerite went down to the      
porter's lodge1 and sobbed there a whole
  hour1 saying her poor master had the  
gout1 the rheumatics1 and a bad  asthma2
 that though he had been got up stairs1 
he would never come  down again alive2  
that if she could only get him to       
confess his sins  and make his will1 she
 would not mind it so much2 but that    
when  she spoke of the lawyer or the    
priest1 he blasphemed at her like a     
heathen1 and declared that he would live
 to bury her and everybody  else4       
,monsieur ,ramin heard ,catharine with  
great attention1 forgot to finish  his  
soup1 and remained for five minutes in  
profound rumination1  without so much as
 perceiving two customers who had       
entered the shop  and were waiting to be
 served4 ,when aroused1 he was heard to 
exclaim3    ,what an excellent          
opportunity6    ,monsieur ,bonelle had  
been ,ramin's predecessor4 ,the         
succession of the  latter to the shop   

was a mystery4 ,no one ever knew how it 
was that  this young and poor assistant 
managed to replace his patron4 ,some    
said  that he had detected ,monsieur    
,bonelle in frauds which he threatened  
to expose unless the business were given
 up to him as the price of his  silence2
 others averred1 that having drawn a    
prize in the lottery1  he had resolved  
to set up a fierce opposition over the  
way1 and  that ,monsieur ,bonelle1      
having obtained a hint of his           
intentions1 had  thought it most prudent
 to accept the trifling sum his clerk   
offered1  and avoid a ruinous           
competition4 ,some charitable           
souls--moved no doubt  by ,monsieur     
,bonelle's misfortune--endeavored to    
console and pump him2  but all they     
could get from him was the bitter       
exclamation1 ,to think  ,i should have  
been duped by him6 ,for ,ramin had the  
art1 though  then a mere youth1 to pass 
himself off on his master as an innocent
  provincial lad4 ,those who sought an  

explanation from the new mercer  were   
still more unsuccessful4 ,my good old   
master1 he said in his  jovial way1 felt
 in need of repose1 and so ,i obligingly
 relieved him  of all business and      
botheration4    ,years passed away2     
,ramin prospered1 and neither thought   
nor heard  of his good old master4 ,the 
house1 of which he tenanted the lower   
portion1 was offered for sale4 ,he had  
long coveted it1 and had almost         
concluded an agreement with the actual  
owner1 when ,monsieur ,bonelle          
unexpectedly stepped in at the eleventh 
hour1 and by offering a trifle  more    
secured the bargain4 ,the rage and      
mortification of ,monsieur ,ramin  were 
extreme4 ,he could not understand how   
,bonelle1 whom he had thought  ruined1  
had scraped up so large a sum2 his lease
 was out1 and he  now felt himself at   
the mercy of the man he had so much     
injured4 ,but  either ,monsieur ,bonelle
 was free from vindictive feelings1 or  
those  feelings did not blind him to the

 expediency of keeping a good tenant3   
for though he raised the rent until     
,monsieur ,ramin groaned inwardly1  he  
did not refuse to renew the lease4 ,they
 had met at that period1 but  never     
since4    ,well1 ,catharine1 observed   
,monsieur ,ramin to his old servant on  
the  following morning1 ,how is that    
good ,monsieur ,bonelle getting on8     
,i dare say you feel very uneasy about  
him1 she replied with a sneer4          
,monsieur ,ramin looked up and frowned4 
,catharine1 said he1 dryly1 you will    
have the goodness1 in the first  place1 
not to make impertinent remarks3 in the 
second place1 you will  oblige me by    
going up stairs to inquire after the    
health of ,monsieur  ,bonelle1 and say  
that ,i sent you4    ,catharine         
grumbled1 and obeyed4 ,her master was in
 the shop1 when she  returned in a few  
minutes1 and delivered with evident     
satisfaction the  following gracious    
message3    ,monsieur ,bonelle desires  
his compliments to you1 and declines to 

state how he is2 he will also thank you 
to attend to your own shop1  and not to 
trouble yourself about his health4      
,how does he look8 asked ,monsieur      
,ramin1 with perfect composure4    ,i   
caught a glimpse of him1 and he appears 
to me to be rapidly  preparing for the  
good offices of the undertaker4         
,monsieur ,ramin smiled1 rubbed his     
hands1 and joked merrily with a         
dark-eyed grisette1 who was cheapening  
some ribbon for her cap4 ,that  girl    
made an excellent bargain that day4     
,toward dusk the mercer left the shop to
 the care of his attendant1 and  softly 
stole up to the fourth story4 ,in answer
 to his gentle ring1 a  little old woman
 opened the door1 and giving him a rapid
 look1 said  briefly3    ,monsieur is   
inexorable3 he won't see any doctor     
whatever4    ,she was going to shut the 
door in his face1 when ,ramin quickly   
interposed1 under his breath1 with ,i am
 not a doctor4    ,she looked at him    
from head to foot4    ,are you a lawyer8

    ,nothing of the sort1 my good lady4 
,well then1 are you a priest8    ,i may 
almost say1 quite the reverse4          
,indeed1 you must go away1 ,master sees 
no one4    ,once more she would have    
shut the door1 but ,ramin prevented her4
    ,my good lady1 said he in his most  
insinuating tones1 it is true  ,i am    
neither a lawyer1 a doctor1 nor a       
priest4 ,i am an old friend1  a very old
 friend of your excellent master2 ,i    
have come to see good  ,monsieur        
,bonelle in his present affliction4     
,marguerite did not answer1 but allowed 
him to enter1 and closed the  door      
behind him4 ,he was going to pass from  
the narrow and gloomy  ante-chamber into
 an inner room--whence now proceeded a  
sound of loud  coughing--when the old   
woman laid her hand on his arm1 and     
raising  herself on tip-toe1 to reach   
his ear1 whispered3    ,for ,heaven's   
sake1 sir1 since you are his friend1 do 
talk to him3  do tell him to make his   
will1 and hint something about a soul to

 be  saved1 and all that sort of thing3 
do1 sir6    ,monsieur ,ramin nodded and 
winked in a way that said ,i will4 ,he  
proved however his prudence by not      
speaking aloud2 for a voice from  within
 sharply exclaimed1    ,marguerite1 you 
are talking to some one6 ,marguerite6 ,i
 will see  neither doctor nor lawyer2   
and if any meddling priest dare--    ,it
 is only an old friend1 sir2 interrupted
 ,marguerite1 opening the  inner door4  
,her master1 on looking up1 perceived   
the red face of ,monsieur ,ramin        
peeping over the old woman's shoulder1  
and irefully cried out3    ,how dare you
 bring that fellow here8 ,and you1 sir1 
how dare you  come8    ,my good old     
friend1 there are feelings1 said ,ramin1
 spreading his  fingers over the left   
pocket of his waistcoat--there are      
feelings1  he repeated1 that cannot be  
subdued4 ,one such feeling brought me   
here4 ,the fact is1 ,i am a good-natured
 easy fellow1 and ,i never  bear malice4
 ,i never forget an old friend1 but love

 to forget old  differences when ,i find
 one party in affliction4    ,he drew a 
chair forward as he spoke1 and          
composedly seated himself  opposite to  
his late master4    ,monsieur ,bonelle  
was a thin old man1 with a pale sharp   
face and keen  features4 ,at first he   
eyed his visitor from the depths of his 
vast  arm-chair2 but1 as if not1        
satisfied with this distant view1 he    
bent  forward1 and laying both hands on 
his thin knees1 he looked up into       
,ramin's face with a fixed and piercing 
gaze4 ,he had not1 however1 the  power  
of disconcerting his guest4    ,what did
 you come here for8 he at length asked4 
,merely to have the extreme satisfaction
 of seeing how you are1 my  good old    
friend4 ,nothing more4    ,well1 look at
 me--and then go4    ,nothing could be  
so discouraging3 but this was an        
,excellent  ,opportunity1 and when      
,monsieur ,ramin had an excellent       
opportunity in  view1 his pertinacity   
was invincible4 ,being now resolved to  

stay1 it  was not in ,monsieur          
,bonelle's power to banish him4 ,at the 
same time  he had tact enough to render 
his presence agreeable4 ,he knew that   
his  coarse and boisterous wit had often
 delighted ,monsieur ,bonelle of old1   
and he now exerted himself so           
successfully as to betray the old man   
two or three times into hearty laughter4
 ,ramin1 said he at length1  laying his 
thin hand on the arm of his guest1 and  
peering with his  keen glance into the  
mercer's purple face1 you are a funny   
fellow1  but ,i know you2 you cannot    
make me believe you have called just to 
see how ,i am1 and to amuse me4 ,come1  
be candid for once2 what do you  want8  
,ramin threw himself back in his chair1 
and laughed blandly1 as much as  to say1
 ,can you suspect me8    ,i have no shop
 now out of which you can wheedle me1   
continued the  old man2 and surely you  
are not such a fool as to come to me for
  money4    ,money6 repeated the draper1
 as if his host had mentioned something 

he never dreamt of4 ,oh1 no6    ,ramin  
saw it would not do to broach the       
subject he had really come  about1 too  
abruptly1 now that suspicion seemed so  
wide awake--the  opportunity had not    
arrived4    ,there is something up1     
,ramin1 ,i know2 ,i see it in the       
twinkle of your  eye2 but you can't     
deceive me again4    ,deceive you8 said 
the jolly schemer1 shaking his head     
reverentially4 ,deceive a man of your   
penetration and depth8  ,impossible6    
,the bare supposition is flattery4 ,my  
dear friend1 he  continued1 soothingly1 
,i did not dream of such a thing4 ,the  
fact is1  ,bonelle1 though they call me 
a jovial1 careless1 rattling dog1 ,i    
have  a conscience2 and1 somehow1 ,i    
have never felt quite easy about the    
way in which ,i became your successor   
down-stairs4 ,it was rather sharp       
practice1 ,i admit4    ,bonelle seemed  
to relent4    ,now for it1 said the     
,opportunity-hunter to                  
himself--,by-the-bye1  7speaking aloud17

 this house must be a great trouble to  
you in your  present weak state8 ,two of
 your lodgers have lately gone away     
without  paying--a great nuisance1      
especially to an invalid4    ,i tell you
 ,i'm as sound as a colt4    ,at all    
events1 the whole concern must be a     
great bother to you4 ,if ,i  were you1  
,i would sell the house4    ,and if ,i  
were you1 returned the landlord1 dryly1 
,i would buy  it--    ,precisely1       
interrupted the tenant1 eagerly4        
,that is1 if you could get it4 ,pooh6 ,i
 knew you were after something4  ,will  
you give eighty thousand francs for it8 
abruptly asked ,monsieur  ,bonelle4     
,eighty thousand francs6 echoed ,ramin4 
,do you take me for ,louis  ,philippe or
 the ,bank of ,france6    ,then we'll   
say no more about it--are you not afraid
 of leaving your  shop so long8         
,ramin returned to the charge1 heedless 
of the hint to depart4 ,the  fact is1 my
 good old friend1 ready money is not my 
strong point just  now4 ,but if you wish

 very much to be relieved of the        
concern1 what say  you to a life        
annuity8 ,i could manage that4          
,monsieur ,bonelle gave a short1 dry1   
church-yard cough1 and looked as  if his
 life were not worth an hour's purchase4
 ,you think yourself  immensely clever1 
,i dare say1 he said4 ,they have        
persuaded you that  ,i am dying4 ,stuff6
 ,i shall bury you yet4    ,the mercer  
glanced at the thin fragile frame1 and  
exclaimed to  himself1 ,deluded old     
gentleman6 ,my dear ,bonelle1 he        
continued1  aloud1 ,i know well the     
strength of your admirable constitution3
 but  allow me to observe that you      
neglect yourself too much4 ,now1 suppose
  a good sensible doctor--    ,will you 
pay him8 interrogated ,bonelle1 sharply4
    ,most willingly1 replied ,ramin1    
with an eagerness that made the old  man
 smile4 ,as to the annuity1 since the   
subject annoys you1 we will  talk of it 
some other time4    ,after you have     
heard the doctor's report1 sneered      

,bonelle4    ,the mercer gave him a     
stealthy glance1 which the old man's    
keen look  immediately detected4        
,neither could repress a smile3 these   
good souls  understood one another      
perfectly1 and ,ramin saw that this was 
not the  ,excellent ,opportunity he     
desired1 and departed4    ,the next day 
,ramin sent a neighboring medical man1  
and heard it was  his opinion that if   
,bonelle held on for three months       
longer1 it would  be a miracle4         
,delightful news6    ,several days      
elapsed1 and although very anxious1     
,ramin assumed a  careless air1 and did 
not call upon his landlord1 or take any 
notice  of him4 ,at the end of the week 
old ,marguerite entered the shop to make
  a trifling purchase4    ,and how are  
we getting on up-stairs8 negligently    
asked ,monsieur  ,ramin4    ,worse and  
worse1 my good sir1 she sighed4 ,we have
 rheumatic pains  which often make us   
use expressions the reverse of          
,christian-like1 and  yet nothing can   

induce us to see either the lawyer or   
the priest2 the  gout is getting nearer 
to our stomach every day1 and still we  
go on  talking about the strength of our
 constitution4 ,oh1 sir1 if you have    
any influence with us1 do1 pray do1 tell
 us how wicked it is to die  without    
making one's will or confessing one's   
sins4    ,i shall go up this very       
evening1 ambiguously replied ,monsieur  
,ramin4    ,he kept his promise1 and    
found ,monsieur ,bonelle in bed1        
groaning with  pain1 and in the worst of
 tempers4    ,what poisoning doctor did 
you send8 he asked1 with an ireful      
glance2  ,i want no doctor1 ,i am not   
ill2 ,i will not follow his             
prescription2  he forbade me to eat2 ,i 
will eat4    ,he is a very clever man1  
said the visitor4 ,he told me that never
  in the whole course of his experience 
has he met with what he called  so much 
'resisting power' as exists in your     
frame4 ,he asked me if you  were not of 
a long-lived race4    ,that is as people

 may judge1 replied ,monsieur ,bonelle4 
,all ,i  can say is1 that my grandfather
 died at ninety1 and my father at       
eighty-six4    ,the doctor owned that   
you had a wonderfully strong            
constitution4    ,who said ,i hadn't8   
exclaimed the invalid feebly4    ,you   
may rely on it1 you would preserve your 
health better if you had  not the       
trouble of these vexatious lodgers4     
,have you thought about the  life       
annuity8 said ,ramin as carelessly as he
 could1 considering how  near the matter
 was to his hopes and wishes4    ,why1  
,i have scruples1 returned ,bonelle1    
coughing4 ,i do not wish to  take you   
in4 ,my longevity would be the ruin of  
you4    ,to meet that difficulty1       
quickly replied the mercer1 we can      
reduce  the interest4    ,but ,i must   
have high interest1 placidly returned   
,monsieur ,bonelle4    ,ramin1 on       
hearing this1 burst into a loud fit of  
laughter1 called  ,monsieur ,bonelle a  
sly old fox1 gave him a poke in the     

ribs1 which  made the old man cough for 
five minutes1 and then proposed that    
they  should talk it over some other    
day4 ,the mercer left ,monsieur ,bonelle
  in the act of protesting that he felt 
as strong as a man of forty4            
,monsieur ,ramin felt in no hurry to    
conclude the proposed agreement4  ,the  
later one begins to pay1 the better1 he 
said1 as he descended  the stairs4      
,days passed on1 and the negotiation    
made no way4 ,it struck the  observant  
tradesman that all was not right4 ,old  
,marguerite several  times refused to   
admit him1 declaring her master was     
asleep3 there  was something mysterious 
and forbidding in her manner that seemed
 to  ,monsieur ,ramin very ominous4 ,at 
length a sudden thought occurred to     
him3 the housekeeper--wishing to become 
her master's heir--had heard  his scheme
 and opposed it4 ,on the very day that  
he arrived at this  conclusion1 he met a
 lawyer1 with whom he had formerly had  
some  transactions1 coming down the     

staircase4 ,the sight sent a chill      
through the mercer's commercial heart1  
and a presentiment--one of  those       
presentiments that seldom deceive--told 
him it was too late4 ,he  had1 however1 
the fortitude to abstain from visiting  
,monsieur ,bonelle  until evening came2 
when he went up1 resolved to see him in 
spite  of all ,marguerite might urge4   
,the door was half-open1 and the old    
housekeeper stood talking on the landing
 to a middle-aged man in a  dark        
cassock4    ,it is all over6 ,the old   
witch has got the priests at him1       
thought  ,ramin1 inwardly groaning at   
his own folly in allowing himself to be 
forestalled4    ,you cannot see         
,monsieur to-night1 sharply said        
,marguerite1 as he  attempted to pass4  
,alas6 is my excellent friend so very   
ill8 asked ,ramin1 in a mournful  tone4 
,sir1 eagerly said the clergyman1       
catching him by the button of his  coat1
 if you are indeed the friend of that   
unhappy man1 do seek to  bring him into 

a more suitable frame of mind4 ,i have  
seen many dying  men1 but never so much 
obstinacy1 never such infatuated belief 
in the  duration of life4    ,then you  
think he really is dying1 asked ,ramin2 
and1 in spite of  the melancholy accent 
he endeavored to assume1 there was      
something so  peculiar in his tone1 that
 the priest looked at him very fixedly  
as he  slowly replied1    ,yes1 air1 ,i 
think he is4    ,ah6 was all ,monsieur  
,ramin said2 and as the clergyman had   
now  relaxed his hold of the button1    
,ramin passed in spite of the           
remonstrances of ,marguerite1 who rushed
 after the priest4 ,he found  ,monsieur 
,bonelle in bed and in a towering rage4 
,oh6 ,ramin1 my friend1 he groaned1     
never take a housekeeper1  and never let
 her know you have any property4 ,they  
are harpies1  ,ramin1--harpies6 such a  
day as ,i have had2 first1 the lawyer1  
who  comes to write down 'my last       
testamentary dispositions1' as he calls 
them2 then the priest1 who gently hints 

that ,i am a dying man4 ,oh1  what a    
day6    ,and did you make your will1 my 
excellent friend8 softly asked          
,monsieur ,ramin1 with a keen look4     
,make my will8 indignantly exclaimed the
 old man2 make my will8 what  do you    
mean1 sir8 do you mean to say ,i am     
dying8    ,heaven forbid6 piously       
ejaculated ,ramin4    ,then why do you  
ask me if ,i had been making my will8   
angrily resumed  the old man4 ,he then  
began to be extremely abusive4    ,when 
money was in the way1 ,monsieur ,ramin1 
though otherwise of a  violent temper1  
had the meekness of a lamb4 ,he bore the
 treatment  of his host with the meekest
 patience1 and having first locked the  
door so as to make sure that ,marguerite
 would not interrupt them1 he  watched  
,monsieur ,bonelle attentively1 and     
satisfied himself that the  ,excellent  
,opportunity he had been ardently       
longing for had arrived3  ,he is going  
fast1 he thought2 and unless ,i settle  
the agreement  to-night1 and get it     

drawn up and signed to-morrow1 it will  
be too  late4    ,my dear friend1 he at 
length said aloud1 on perceiving that   
the old  gentleman had fairly exhausted 
himself and was lying panting on his    
back1 you are indeed a lamentable       
instance of the lengths to which  the   
greedy lust of lucre will carry our poor
 human nature4 ,it is  really           
distressing to see ,marguerite1 a       
faithful1 attached servant1  suddenly   
converted into a tormenting harpy by the
 prospect of a  legacy6 ,lawyers and    
priests flock around you like birds of  
prey1  drawn hither by the scent of     
gold6 ,oh1 the miseries of having       
delicate  health combined with a sound  
constitution and large property6        
,ramin1 groaned the old man1 looking    
inquiringly into his visitor's  face1   
you are again going to talk to me about 
that annuity--,i know  you are6    ,my  
excellent friend1 it is merely to       
deliver you from a painful  position4   
,i am sure1 ,ramin1 you think in your   

soul ,i am dying1 whimpered  ,monsieur  
,bonelle4    ,absurd1 my dear sir4      
,dying8 ,i will prove to you that you   
have never  been in better health4 ,in  
the first place you feel no pain4       
,excepting from rheumatism1 groaned     
,monsieur ,bonelle4    ,rheumatism6 who 
ever died of rheumatism8 and if that be 
all--    ,no1 it is not all1 interrupted
 the old man with great irritability2   
what would you say to the gout getting  
higher and higher up every  day8    ,the
 gout is rather disagreeable1 but if    
there is nothing else--    ,yes1 there  
is something else1 sharply said         
,monsieur ,bonelle4 ,there  is an asthma
 that will scarcely let me breathe1 and 
a racking pain in  my head that does not
 allow me a moment's ease4 ,but if you  
think ,i am  dying1 ,ramin1 you are     
quite mistaken4    ,no doubt1 my dear   
friend1 no doubt2 but in the meanwhile  
suppose we  talk of this annuity4 ,shall
 we say one thousand francs a year4     
,what6 asked ,bonelle1 looking at him   

very fixedly4    ,my dear friend1 ,i    
mistook2 ,i meant two thousand francs   
per annum1  hurriedly rejoined ,ramin4  
,monsieur ,bonelle closed his eyes1 and 
appeared to fall into a gentle  slumber4
 ,the mercer coughed2 the sick man never
 moved4    ,monsieur ,bonelle4    ,no   
reply4    ,my excellent friend4         
,utter silence4    ,are you asleep8     
,a long pause4    ,well1 then1 what do  
you say to three thousand8    ,monsieur 
,bonelle opened his eyes4    ,ramin1    
said he1 sententiously1 you are a fool2 
the house brings me  in four thousand as
 it is4    ,this was quite false1 and   
the mercer knew it2 but he had his own  
reasons for wishing to seem to believe  
it true4    ,good ,heavens6 said he1    
with an air of great innocence1 who     
could  have thought it1 and the lodgers 
constantly running away4 ,four          
thousand8 ,well1 then1 you shall have   
four thousand4    ,monsieur ,bonelle    
shut his eyes once more1 and murmured   
,the mere  rental--nonsense6 ,he then   

folded his hands on his breast1 and     
appeared to compose himself to sleep4   
,oh1 what a sharp man of business he is6
 ,ramin said1 admiringly3  but for once 
omnipotent flattery failed in its       
effect3 ,so acute6  continued he1 with a
 stealthy glance at the old man1 who    
remained  perfectly unmoved4    ,i see  
you will insist upon making it the other
 five hundred francs4    ,monsieur      
,ramin said this as if five thousand    
five hundred francs had  already been   
mentioned1 and was the very summit of   
,monsieur ,bonelle's  ambition4 ,but the
 ruse failed in its effect2 the sick man
 never so  much as stirred4    ,but1 my 
dear friend1 urged ,monsieur ,ramin in a
 tone of feeling  remonstrance1 there is
 such a thing as being too sharp1 too   
acute4  ,how can you expect that ,i     
shall give you more when your           
constitution  is so good1 and you are to
 be such a long liver8    ,yes1 but ,i  
may be carried off one of these days1   
quietly observed  the old man1 evidently

 wishing to turn the chance of his own  
death to  account4    ,indeed1 and ,i   
hope so1 muttered the mercer1 who was   
getting very  ill-tempered4    ,you see1
 soothingly continued ,bonelle1 you are 
so good a man of  business1 ,ramin1 that
 you will double the actual value of the
 house  in no time4 ,i am a quiet1 easy 
person1 indifferent to money2 otherwise 
this house would now bring me in eight  
thousand at the very least4    ,eight   
thousand6 indignantly exclaimed the     
mercer4 ,monsieur ,bonelle1  you have no
 conscience4 ,come now1 my dear friend1 
do be reasonable4  ,six thousand francs 
a year 7,i don't mind saying six7 is    
really a very  handsome income for a man
 of your quiet habits4 ,come1 be        
reasonable4  ,but ,monsieur ,bonelle    
turned a deaf ear to reason1 and closed 
his eyes  once more4 ,what between      
opening and shutting them for the next  
quarter  of an hour1 he at length       
induced ,monsieur ,ramin to offer him   
seven  thousand francs4    ,very well1  

,ramin1 agreed1 he quietly said2 you    
have made an  unconscionable bargain4   
,to this succeeded a violent fit of     
coughing4    ,as ,ramin unlocked the    
door to leave1 he found old ,marguerite1
 who had  been listening all the time1  
ready to assail him with a torrent of   
whispered abuse for duping her poor dear
 innocent old master into  such a       
bargain4 ,the mercer bore it all very   
patiently3 he could make  all allowances
 for her excited feelings1 and only     
rubbed his hands and  bade her a jovial 
good evening4    ,the agreement was     
signed on the following day1 to the     
indignation of  old ,marguerite1 and the
 mutual satisfaction of the parties     
concerned4    ,every one admired the    
luck and shrewdness of ,ramin1 for the  
old man  every day was reported worse2  
and it was clear to all that the first  
quarter of the annuity would never be   
paid4 ,marguerite1 in her wrath1  told  
the story as a grievance to every one2  
people listened1 shook  their heads1 and

 pronounced ,monsieur ,ramin to be a    
deuced clever  fellow4    ,a month      
elapsed4 ,as ,ramin was coming down one 
morning from the attics1  where he had  
been giving notice to a poor widow who  
had failed in  paying her rent1 he heard
 a light step on the stairs4 ,presently 
a  sprightly gentleman1 in buoyant      
health and spirits1 wearing the form  of
 ,monsieur ,bonelle1 appeared4 ,ramin   
stood aghast4    ,well1 ,ramin1 gaily   
said the old man1 how are you getting   
on8 ,have  you been tormenting the poor 
widow up stairs8 ,why1 man1 we must live
  and let live6    ,monsieur ,bonelle1  
said the mercer1 in a hollow tone2 may  
,i ask  where are your rheumatics8      
,gone1 my dear friend1--gone4    ,and   
the gout that was creeping higher and   
higher every day1  exclaimed ,monsieur  
,ramin1 in a voice of anguish4    ,it   
went lower and lower1 till it           
disappeared altogether1 composedly      
replied ,bonelle4    ,and your asthma-- 
,the asthma remains1 but asthmatic      

people are proverbially long-lived4  ,it
 is1 ,i have been told1 the only        
complaint that ,methusalah was  troubled
 with4 ,with this ,bonelle opened his   
door1 shut it1 and  disappeared4        
,ramin was transfixed on the stairs2    
petrified with intense  disappointment1 
and a powerful sense of having been     
duped4 ,when he  was discovered1 he     
stared vacantly1 and raved about an     
,excellent  ,opportunity of taking his  
revenge4    ,the wonderful cure was the 
talk of the neighborhood1 whenever      
,monsieur  ,bonelle appeared in the     
streets1 jauntily flourishing his cane4 
,in the  first frenzy of his despair1   
,ramin refused to pay2 he accused every 
one of having been in a plot to deceive 
him2 he turned off ,catharine  and      
expelled his porter3 he publicly accused
 the lawyer and priest of  conspiracy2  
brought an action against the doctor and
 lost it4 ,he had  another brought      
against him for violently assaulting    
,marguerite1 in  which he was cast in   

heavy damages4 ,monsieur ,bonelle did   
not trouble  himself with useless       
remonstrances1 but when his annuity was 
refused1  employed such good legal      
arguments1 as the exasperated mercer    
could  not possibly resist4    ,ten     
years have elapsed1 and ,,mm4 ,ramin and
 ,bonelle still live on4 ,for a  house  
which would have been dear at fifty     
thousand francs1 the draper  has already
 handed over seventy thousand4    ,the  
once red-faced1 jovial ,ramin is now a  
pale haggard man1 of sour  temper and   
aspect4 ,to add to his anguish he sees  
the old man thrive on  that money which 
it breaks his heart to give4 ,old       
,marguerite takes a  malicious pleasure 
in giving him an exact account of their 
good cheer1  and in asking him if he    
does not think ,monsieur looks better   
and  better every day4 ,of one part of  
this torment ,ramin might get rid1 by   
giving his old master notice to quit1   
and no longer having him in his  house4 
,but this he cannot do2 he has a secret 

fear that ,bonelle would  take some     
,excellent ,opportunity of dying without
 his knowledge1 and  giving some other  
person an ,excellent ,opportunity of    
persecuting him1  and receiving the     
money in his stead4    ,the last        
accounts of the victim of ,excellent    
,opportunities represent  him as being  
gradually worn down with disappointment4
 ,there seems  every probability of his 
being the first to leave the world2 for 
,bonelle is heartier than ever4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,from ,,household ,,words4    ,,the    
,,old ,,churchward ,,tree4    ,a ,,prose
 ,,poem4    ,there is an old yew tree   
which stands by the wall in a dark quiet
  corner of the churchyard4    ,and a   
child was at play beneath its           
wide-spreading branches1 one fine  day  
in the early spring4 ,he had his lap    
full of flowers1 which the  fields and  
lanes had supplied him with1 and he was 
humming a tune to  himself as he wove   
them into garlands4    ,and a little    

girl at play among the tombstones crept 
near to listen2  but the boy was so     
intent upon his garland1 that he did not
 hear the  gentle footsteps1 as they    
trod softly over the fresh green grass4 
,when  his work was finished1 and all   
the flowers that were in his lap were   
woven together in one long wreath1 he   
started up to measure its length  upon  
the ground1 and then he saw the little  
girl1 as she stood with  her eyes fixed 
upon him4 ,he did not move or speak1 but
 thought to  himself that she looked    
very beautiful as she stood there with  
her  flaxen ringlets hanging down upon  
her neck4 ,the little girl was so       
startled by his sudden movement1 that   
she let fall all the flowers she  had   
collected in her apron1 and ran away as 
fast as she could4 ,but the  boy was    
older and taller than she1 and soon     
caught her1 and coaxed her  to come back
 and play with him1 and help him to make
 more garlands2  and from that time they
 saw each other nearly every day1 and   

became  great friends4    ,twenty years 
passed away4 ,again1 he was seated      
beneath the old yew  tree in the        
churchyard4    ,it was summer now2      
bright1 beautiful summer1 with the birds
 singing1  and the flowers covering the 
ground1 and scenting the air with their 
perfume4    ,but he was not alone now1  
nor did the little girl steal near on   
tiptoe1 fearful of being heard4 ,she was
 seated by his side1 and his  arm was   
round her1 and she looked up into his   
face1 and smiled as she  whispered3 ,the
 first evening of our lives we were ever
 together was  passed here2 we will     
spend the first evening of our wedded   
life in the  same quiet1 happy place4   
,and he drew her closer to him as she   
spoke4    ,the summer is gone2 and the  
autumn2 and twenty more summers and     
autumns have passed away since that     
evening1 in the old churchyard4    ,a   
young man1 on a bright moonlight night1 
comes reeling through the  little white 
gate1 and stumbling over the graves4 ,he

 shouts and he  sings1 and is presently 
followed by others like unto himself1 or
  worse4 ,so1 they all laugh at the dark
 solemn head of the yew tree1 and  throw
 stones up at the place where the moon  
had silvered the boughs4    ,those same 
boughs are again silvered by the moon1  
and they droop  over his mother's grave4
 ,there is a little stone which bears   
this  inscription3--    ,,her ,,heart   
,,brake ,,in ,,silence4    ,but the     
silence of the churchyard is now broken 
by a voice--not of the  youth--nor a    
voice of laughter and ribaldry4    ,my  
son6--dost thou see this grave8 and dost
 thou read the record in  anguish1      
whereof may come repentance8    ,of what
 should ,i repent8 answers the son2 and 
why should my young  ambition for fame  
relax in its strength because my mother 
was old and  weak8    ,is this indeed   
our son8 says the father1 bending in    
agony over the  grave of his beloved4   
,i can well believe ,i am not2          
exclaimeth the youth4 ,it is well  that 

you have brought me here to say so4 ,our
 natures are unlike2 our  courses must  
be opposite4 ,your way lieth here--mine 
yonder6    ,so the son left the father  
kneeling by the grave4    ,again a few  
years are passed4 ,it is winter1 with a 
roaring wind and a  thick gray fog4 ,the
 graves in the ,church-yard are covered 
with snow1  and there are great icicles 
in the ,church-yard4 ,the wind now      
carries  a swathe of snow along the tops
 of the graves as though the sheeted    
dead were at some melancholy play2 and  
hark6 the icicles fall with  a crash and
 jingle1 like a solemn mockery of the   
echo of the unseemly  mirth of one who  
is now coming to his final rest4        
,there are two graves near the old yew  
tree2 and the grass has  overgrown them4
 ,a third is close by2 and the dark     
earth at each side  has just been thrown
 up4 ,the bearers come2 with a heavy    
pace they  move along2 the coffin       
heaveth up and down1 as they step over  
the  intervening graves4    ,grief and  

old age had seized upon the father1 and 
worn out his life2  and premature decay 
soon seized upon the son1 and gnawed    
away his vain  ambition1 and his useless
 strength1 till he prayed to be borne1  
not  the way yonder that was most       
opposite to his father and his mother1  
but even the same way they had gone--the
 way which leads to the ,old            
,churchyard ,tree4           99       99
       99       99       99    ,in      
dreamy hours the dormant imagination    
looks out and sees vague  significances 
in things which it feels can at an after
 time be vividly  conceived and         
expressed2 the most familiar objects    
have a strange  double meaning in their 
aspects2 the very chair seems to be     
patiently awaiting there the expounder  
of its silent1 symbolical               
language4--,boston ,morning ,post4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,from ,,bentley',s ,,miscellany4       
,,greece ,,and ,,turkey4#b    ,whatever 
,mr4 ,,aubrey ,,de ,,vere sees1 he      

picturesquely describes2 and  so far as 
words can do so1 he makes pictures of   
all the subjects he  writes upon2 and   
had he painted as he has written1 or    
used his pencil  equally well with his  
pen1 two more delightful volumes1 to any
 lover  of ,greece1 it would be         
difficult to name4 ,with an evidently   
refined  taste1 and a perfect           
acquaintance with the ancient history of
 the  country he traveled through1 and  
the ever famous characters that  made   
its history what it is1 his descriptions
 combine most pleasingly  together1 the 
past with the present4 ,he peoples the  
scenery with the  men whose deeds give  
to that scenery all its interest2 and   
whether on  the plain of ,marathon1 or  
the site of ,delphi or the ,acropolis1  
he has  a store of things to say of     
their past glories1 and links together1 
with great artistic skill1 that which is
 gone with that which remains4          
,footnote #b3 ,picturesque ,sketches of 
,greece and ,turkey4 ,by ,aubrey ,de    

,vere1 #b vols4 ,philadelphia3 ,a4      
,hart4    ,by the scholar and the man of
 taste the volumes will be read with no 
little delight1 as they abound much more
 with reflections and sensible          
observations1 than with the commonplace 
incidents of travel4 ,indeed1  the      
author has left but small space for his 
accidents at sea and his  hardships on  
shore1 since all the chapters but four  
are devoted to  ,athens1 ,delphi1 and   
,constantinople4 ,the classical reader  
will prefer  the chapters on the two    
first-named places2 the general reader  
will  find perhaps more interesting his 
sketches of the city of the ,sultan1    
and an anecdote which he gives of the   
present ,sultan1 and which  declares him
 to possess more of decision1 and       
firmness of character1  and good sense1 
than the world gives him credit for4    
,his description  of the ,bosphorus will
 create in many a desire to see what he 
has seen1  and to look upon some1 at    
least1 of the fifty-seven palaces which 

the  sultans have raised upon its banks2
 and upon the hundreds of others1       
which1 while the ,commander of the      
,faithful permits it1 are the  property 
of his subjects4    ,it argued far more 
of a wild spirit of adventure than of a 
sober  understanding in ,aubrey de      
,vere1 to go with that clever ,frenchman
 to  the ,turk's house1 and to play off 
all those tricks in the presence of  its
 master and his ten unvailed wives4     
,rarely indeed1 if ever before1  has an 
,englishman passed an hour so           
comfortably with the whole of  a rich   
man's harem1 and seen them as de ,vere  
saw them in all their  artlessness and  
beauty4 ,we live1 indeed1 in strange    
times1 when the  once scorned and       
loathed ,giaours contrive to possess    
themselves  of such extraordinary       
privileges1 and to escape unharmed from 
such  hitherto unheard-of enjoyments4   
,where one thought was given to         
,constantinople a hundred years since   
from the west of the ,dalmatian coast1  

ten thousand eyes are now  constantly   
directed to it1 and with continually    
increasing anxiety4  ,the importance of 
that city is now understood by all the  
,european  powers1 and its future fate  
has become a subject of deep interest to
  all the western states1 in consequence
 of the determined set made upon  it by 
its powerful northern neighbor4 ,with   
the ,cossacks at ,istamboul  instead of 
,turks1 we should be very ill satisfied1
 and the whole charm  of this city on   
its seven hills would have departed3    
already is it on  the wane4 ,sultan     
,mahmoud's hostility to beards and to   
flowing robes1  to the turban and the   
jherid1 has deprived his capital city of
 much  of its picturesqueness and       
peculiarity2 but still enough remains of
  eastern manners and costumes to make  
it one of the most interesting  cities  
in the world to visit and roam over4    
,such as1 like ourselves1  may not hope 
to sport a caique on the ,bosphorus1    
will do well to  acquaint themselves    

with the information ,aubrey de ,vere   
can give them1  and to suffer their     
imagination to transport them to scenes 
among  the fairest and the loveliest on 
the earth's surface1 and which are      
presented to them in these volumes as   
graphically as words can paint  them4   
,by the possessor of ,wordsworth's      
,greece1 where every spot almost1 of    
the slightest historical interest1 is   
given in a picture on its  pages1 these 
,picturesque ,sketches will be read with
 the highest  gratification that scenes 
and descriptions together can supply4   
,there is so much of mind in them2 so   
much of sound philosophy in  the        
observations2 such beautiful thoughts2  
so well1 so elegantly  expressed2 so    
many allusions to the past1 that are    
continually placing  before us          
,pericles1 ,themistocles1 or            
,demosthenes1 that we are improved      
while amused1 and feel at every page    
that we are reading a work far  above   
the general works on such subjects2 a   

work of lasting interest1  that may be  
read and re-read1 and still with delight
 and advantage4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,,death ,,and   
,,sleep4    ,,from ,,the ,,german ,,of  
,,krummacher4    ,in brotherly embrace  
walked the ,angel of ,sleep and the     
,angel of ,death  upon the earth4    ,it
 was evening4 ,they laid themselves down
 upon a hill not far from the  dwelling 
of men4 ,a melancholy silence prevailed 
around1 and the chimes  of the          
evening-bell in the distant hamlet      
ceased4    ,still and silent1 as was    
their custom1 sat these two beneficent  
,genii  of the human race1 their arms   
entwined with cordial familiarity1 and  
soon the shades of night gathered around
 them4    ,then arose the ,angel of     
,sleep from his moss-grown couch1 and   
strewed  with a gentle hand the         
invisible grains of slumber4 ,the       
evening breeze  wafted them to the quiet
 dwelling of the tired husbandman1      
infolding  in sweet sleep the inmates of

 the rural cottage--from the old man    
upon  the staff1 down to the infant in  
the cradle4 ,the sick forgot their      
pain3 the mourners their grief2 the poor
 their care4 ,all eyes closed4    ,his  
task accomplished1 the benevolent ,angel
 of ,sleep laid himself  again by the   
side of his grave brother4 ,when ,aurora
 awakes1  exclaimed he1 with innocent   
joy1 men praise me as their friend and  
benefactor4 ,oh6 what happiness1 unseen 
and secretly to confer such  benefits6  
,how blessed are we to be the invisible 
messengers of the  ,good ,spirit6 ,how  
beautiful is our silent calling6    ,so 
spake the friendly ,angel of ,slumber4  
,the ,angel of ,death sat with still    
deeper melancholy on his brow1 and  a   
tear1 such as mortals shed1 appeared in 
his large dark eyes4 ,alas6  said he1 ,i
 may not1 like thee1 rejoice in the     
cheerful thanks of  mankind2 they call  
me upon the earth their enemy1 and      
joy-killer4    ,oh6 my brother1 replied 
the gentle ,angel of ,slumber1 and will 

not the good man1 at his awakening1     
recognize in thee his friend and        
benefactor1 and gratefully bless thee in
 his joy8 ,are we not brothers1  and    
ministers of one ,father8    ,as he     
spake1 the eyes of the ,death-,angel    
beamed with pleasure1 and  again did the
 two friendly ,genii cordially embrace  
each other4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,,the ,,modern  
,,schools ,,of ,,athens4--,i visited1   
with equal surprise and  satisfaction1  
an ,athenian school1 which contained    
seven hundred  pupils1 taken from every 
class of society4 ,the poorer classes   
were  gratuitously instructed in        
reading1 writing1 and arithmetic1 and   
the  girls in needlework likewise4 ,the 
progress which the children had made    
was very remarkable2 but what           
particularly pleased me was that air of 
bright alertness and good-humored energy
 which belonged to them1 and  which made
 every task appear a pleasure1 not a    
toil4 ,the greatest  punishment which   

can be inflicted on an ,athenian child  
is exclusion  from school1 though but   
for a day4 ,about seventy of the        
children  belonged to the higher        
classes1 and were instructed in music1  
drawing1  the modern languages1 the     
ancient ,greek1 and geography4 ,most of 
them  were at the moment reading        
,herodotus and ,homer4 ,i have never    
seen  children approaching them in      
beauty2 and was much struck by their    
,oriental cast of countenance1 their    
dark complexions1 their flashing  eyes1 
and that expression1 at once            
apprehensive and meditative1 which  is  
so much more remarkable in children than
 in those of a more mature  age4--,de   
,vere4           99       99       99   
99       99    ,at ,berlin1 the ,academy
 of ,sciences has been holding a        
sitting1  according to its statutes1 in 
honor of the memory of ,leibnitz4 ,in   
the  course of the oration delivered on 
the occasion1 it was stated that  the   
#dth of ,august being the fiftieth      

anniversary of the admission  of        
,alexander ,von ,humboldt as a member of
 the ,academy1 it had been  resolved1 in
 celebration of the event1 to place a   
marble bust of the  ,nestor of ,science 
in the lecture room of the society4