,applied ,psychology      ,,psychology  
,,and ,,achievement      ,being the     
,first of a ,series of ,twelve ,volumes 
on the ,applications of  ,psychology to 
the ,problems of ,personal and ,business
 ,efficiency      ,,by    ,,warren      
,,hilton1 ,a4,b41 ,l4,l4,b4  ,,founder  
,,of ,,the ,,society ,,of ,,applied     
,,psychology      ,,issued ,,under ,,the
 ,,auspices ,,of ,,the ,,literary       
,,digest    ,,for    ,the ,society of   
,applied ,psychology  ,,new ,,york ,,and
 ,,london  #aiai    #aiad    ,,by ,,the 
,,applied ,,psychology ,,press    ,,san 
,,francisco          ,,prefatory ,,note 
,lest in the text of these volumes      
credit may not always have been given   
where credit is due1 grateful           
acknowledgment is here made to          
,professor  ,hugo ,mnsterberg1          
,professor ,walter ,dill ,scott1 ,dr4   
,james ,h4 ,hyslop1 ,dr4  ,ernst        
,haeckel1 ,dr4 ,frank ,channing         
,haddock1 ,mr4 ,frederick ,w4 ,taylor1  
,professor ,morton ,prince1 ,professor  

,f4,h4 ,gerrish1 ,mr4 ,waldo ,pondray   
,warren1 ,dr4 ,j4,d4 ,quackenbos1       
,professor ,c4,a4 ,strong1 ,professor   
,paul  ,dubois1 ,professor ,joseph      
,jastrow1 ,professor ,pierre ,janet1    
,dr4 ,bernard  ,hart and ,professor     
,g4,m4 ,whipple1 of the indebtedness to 
them incurred in  the preparation of    
this work4            ,,contents        
,chapter    ,i4 ,,attainment ,,of ,,mind
 ,,control         ,,the ,,man ,,of     
,,tomorrow         ,,the ,,dollars ,,and
 ,,cents ,,of ,,mental ,,waste          
,,the ,,means ,,to ,,notable            
,,achievement         ,a ,,process ,,for
 ,,making ,,good         ,,inadequacy   
,,of ,,body ,,training                  
,,inadequacy ,,of ,,business            
,,specialization         ,,futility ,,of
 ,,advice ,,in ,,business         ,,the 
,,why ,,and ,,the ,,how                 
,,fundamental ,,training ,,for          
,,efficiency         ,,the ,,virus ,,of 
,,failure         ,,practical ,,formulas
 ,,for ,,every ,,day         ,,your     

,,undiscovered ,,resources              
,,man',s ,,mind ,,machine               
,,abjuring ,,mysticisms                 
,,psychology1 ,,physiology ,,and        
,,relationships         ,,abode ,,and   
,,instrument ,,of ,,mind                
,,manner ,,of ,,handling ,,mental       
,,processes         ,,fundamental ,,laws
 ,,and ,,practical ,,methods            
,,special ,,business ,,topics         ,a
 ,,step ,,beyond ,,collegiate           
,,psychology         ,,the ,,eternal    
,,laws ,,of ,,individual ,,achievement  
,,how ,,to ,,master ,,our ,,methods     
,,ii4 ,,two ,,laws ,,of                 
,,success-,,achievement         ,,the   
,,one-,,man ,,business ,,corporation    
,,business ,,and ,,bodily ,,activity    
,,the ,,enslaved ,,brain         ,,first
 ,,step ,,toward ,,self-,,realization   
,,iii4 ,,relation ,,of ,,mind ,,activity
 ,,to ,,bodily ,,activity               
,,speculation ,,and ,,practical         
,,science         ,,philosophic         
,,riddles ,,and ,,personal              

,,effectiveness         ,,what ,,we     
,,want ,,to ,,know                      
,,spiritualist1 ,,materialist ,,and     
,,scientist         ,,science ,,of      
,,cause ,,and ,,effect         ,,causes 
,,and ,,first ,,causes         ,a       
,,common ,,platform ,,for ,,all         
,,thoughts ,,treated ,,as ,,causes      
,,scientific ,,method ,,with ,,practical
 ,,problems         ,,uses ,,of         
,,scientific ,,laws       ,,iv4         
,,introspective ,,evidence ,,of ,,mental
 ,,mastery         ,,doing ,,the ,,thing
 ,,you ,,want ,,to ,,do         ,,source
 ,,of ,,power ,,of ,,will               
,,impellent ,,energy ,,of ,,thought     
,,bodily ,,effects ,,of ,,mental        
,,states         ,,illustrative         
,,experiments         ,,scope ,,of      
,,mind ,,power         ,,bodily         
,,effects ,,of ,,emotion                
,,bodily ,,effects ,,of ,,perception    
,,experiments ,,of ,,pavlov             
,,taste ,,and ,,digestion               
,,bodily ,,effects ,,of ,,sensations    

,,the ,,fundamental ,,law ,,of          
,,expression      ,v4 ,,physiological   
,,evidence ,,of ,,mental ,,mastery      
,,introspective ,,knowledge             
,,dissection ,,and ,,the ,,governing    
,,consciousness         ,,subordinate   
,,mental ,,units         ,,what ,,the   
,,microscope ,,shows         ,,the      
,,little ,,universe ,,beyond            
,,the ,,unit ,,of ,,life                
,,characteristics ,,of ,,living ,,cells 
,,the ,,brain ,,of ,,the ,,cell         
,,mind ,,life ,,of ,,one ,,cell         
,,the ,,will ,,of ,,the ,,cell          
,,the ,,cell ,,and ,,organic ,,evolution
         ,,evolutionary                 
,,differentiations         ,,plurality  
,,of ,,the ,,individual                 
,,combined ,,consciousness ,,of ,,the   
,,millions         ,,evolution ,,of     
,,the ,,human ,,organism         ,,the  
,,crowd-,,man         ,,functions ,,of  
,,different ,,human ,,cells             
,,cell ,,life ,,after ,,death           
,,experiments ,,of ,,dr4 ,,alexis       

,,carrell         ,,man-,,federation    
,,of ,,intelligences         ,,creative 
,,power ,,of ,,the ,,cell               
,,laying ,,the ,,foundation ,,for       
,,practical ,,doing         ,,three     
,,new ,,propositions         ,,an       
,,instrument ,,for ,,mental ,,dominance 
,,gateways ,,of ,,experience            
,,couriers ,,of ,,action         ,,nerve
 ,,systems         ,,organs ,,of        
,,consciousness ,,and ,,subconsciousness
         ,,looking ,,inside ,,the       
,,skull         ,,drunkenness ,,and     
,,brain ,,efficiency         ,,secondary
 ,,brains         ,,dependence ,,of     
,,the ,,subconscious                    
,,unconsciousness ,,and                 
,,subconsciousness         ,,synthesis  
,,of ,,the ,,man-,,machine              
,,subserviency ,,of ,,the ,,body        
,,vi4 ,,the ,,supremacy ,,of            
,,consciousness         ,,striking ,,off
 ,,the ,,mental ,,shackles         ,,the
 ,,awakening ,,of ,,enlightenment       
,,the ,,vital ,,purpose         ,,your  

,,reservoir ,,of ,,latent ,,power       
,,attainment ,,of ,,mind ,,control      
,,chapter ,i    ,,attainment ,,of ,,mind
 ,,control      ,sidenote3 ,the ,man of 
,tomorrow    ,the men of the nineteenth 
century have harnessed the forces of the
 outer  world4 ,the age is now at hand  
that shall harness the energies of mind1
  new-found in the psychological        
laboratory1 and shall put them at the   
service of humanity4    ,are you fully  
equipped to take a valiant part in the  
work of the coming  years8    ,sidenote3
 ,the ,dollars and ,cents of ,mental    
,waste    ,the greatest of all eras is  
at hand6 ,are you increasing your       
fitness to  appreciate it and take part 
in it1 or are you merely passing your   
time  away8    ,take careful note for a 
week of the incidents of your daily     
life--your  methods of work1 habits of  
thought1 modes of recreation4 ,you will 
discover an appalling waste in your     
present random methods of operation4    
,how many foot-pounds of energy do you  

suppose you annually dump into the      
scrap-heap of wasted effort8 ,what does 
this mean to you in dollars and  cents8 
,in conscious usefulness8 ,in peace and 
happiness8    ,sidenote3 ,the ,means to 
,notable ,achievement    ,individual    
mental efficiency is an absolute        
prerequisite to any notable  personal   
achievement or any great individual     
success4 ,your mental  energies are the 
forces with which you must wage your    
battles in this  world4 ,are you        
prepared to direct and deploy           
,achievement these forces  with         
masterful control and strategic skill8  
,are you prepared to use all  your      
reserves of mental energy in the crises 
of your career8    ,a ,mighty and       
,intelligent ,power resides within you4 
,its marvelous  resources are just now  
coming to be recognized4    ,recent     
scientific research has revealed1 beyond
 the world of the senses  and beyond the
 domain of consciousness1 a wide and    
hitherto hidden realm  of human energies

 and resources4    ,sidenote3 ,a        
,process for ,making ,good    ,these are
 mental energies and resources4 ,they   
are phases of the mind1  not of the mind
 of fifty years ago1 but of a mind of   
whose  operations you are unconscious   
and whose marvelous breadth and depth   
and  power have but recently been       
revealed to the world by scientific     
experiment4    ,in this ,basic ,course  
of ,reading we shall lay before you in  
simple and  clear-cut but scientific    
form the proof that you have at your    
command  mental powers of which you have
 never before dreamed4    ,and we shall 
give you such specific directions for   
the use of these  new-found powers1 that
 whatever your environment1 whatever    
your  business1 whatever your ambition1 
you need but follow our plain and       
simple instructions in order to do the  
thing you want to do1 to be the  man you
 want to be1 or to get the thing you    
want to have4    ,sidenote3 ,inadequacy 
of ,body ,training    ,if you have any  

thought that the control of your hidden 
mental energies  is to be acquired by   
mere hygienic measures1 put it from you4
 ,the idea  that you may come into the  
fulness of your powers through mere     
wholesome living1 outdoor sports and    
bodily exercise is an idea that  belongs
 to an age that is past4 ,good health is
 not necessary to  achievement4 ,it is  
not even a positive influence for       
achievement4 ,it is  merely a negative  
blessing4 ,with good health you may hope
 to reach your  highest mental and      
spiritual development free from the     
harassment of  soul-racking pain4 ,but  
without good health men have reached the
 summit  of ,parnassus and have dragged 
their tortured bodies up behind them4   
,sidenote3 ,inadequacy of ,business     
,specialization    ,nor does success    
necessarily follow or require long      
preparation in a  particular field4 ,the
 first occupation of the successful man 
is rarely  the one in which he achieves 
his ultimate triumph4 ,in the changing  

conditions of our day1 one needs a      
better weapon than the mere knowledge   
of a particular trade1 vocation or      
profession4 ,he needs that mastery of   
himself and others that is the          
fundamental secret of success in all    
fields of endeavor4    ,sidenote3       
,futility of ,advice in ,business    ,it
 is well to tell you beforehand that in 
this ,basic ,course of ,reading  we     
shall be content with no mere           
cataloguing of the factors that are     
commonly regarded as essential to       
success4 ,we shall do no moralizing4    
,you will find here no elaboration of   
the ancient aphorisms1 ,honesty is  the 
best policy1 and ,genius is the infinite
 capacity for taking  pains4    ,the    
world has had its fill of mere          
exhortations to industry1 frugality  and
 perseverance4 ,for some thousands of   
years men have preached to the  lazy    
man1 ,be industrious1 and to the timid  
man1 ,be bold4 ,but such  phrases never 
have solved and never can solve the     

problem for the man  who feels himself  
lacking in both industry and courage4   
,sidenote3 ,the ,why and the ,how    ,it
 is easy enough to tell the salesman    
that he must approach his  prospect with
 tact and confidence4 ,but tact and     
confidence are not  qualities that can  
be assumed and discarded like a ,sunday 
coat4 ,industry  and courage and tact   
and confidence are well enough1 but we  
must know  the ,why and the ,how of     
these things4    ,it is well enough to  
preach that the secret of achievement is
 to be  found in courage-faith and      
courage-confidence1 and that the way to 
acquire these qualities is to assume    
that you have them4 ,there is no        
denying the undoubted fact that men and 
women have been rescued from the        
deepest mire of poverty and despair and 
lifted to planes of happy  abundance by 
what is known as faith4 ,but what is    
faith8 ,and faith  in ,what8 ,and ,why8 
,and ,how8    ,sidenote3 ,fundamental   
,training for ,efficiency    ,obviously 

we cannot achieve certain and definite  
results in this or any  other field so  
long as we continue to deal with        
materials we do not  understand4 ,yet   
that is what all men are doing today4   
,the elements of  truth are befogged in 
vague and amateurish mysticism1 and the 
subject of  individual efficiency when  
we get beyond mere preaching and        
moralizing  is a chaos of isms4    ,the 
time is ripe for a real analysis of     
these important problems1--a  serious   
and scientific analysis with a clear and
 practical exposition of  facts and     
principles and rules for conduct4       
,men and women must be fundamentally    
trained so that they can look deep  into
 their own minds and see where the screw
 is loose1 where oil is  needed1 and so 
readjust themselves and their living for
 a greater  efficiency4    ,sidenote3   
,the ,virus of ,failure    ,the         
embittered1 the superstitious1 the      
prejudiced1 all those who  scorpion-like
 sting themselves with the virus of     

failure1 must be given  an antidote of  
understanding that will repair their    
deranged mental  machinery4    ,the     
conscientious but foolish business man  
who is worrying himself into  failure   
and an early grave must be taught the   
physiological effects of  ideas and     
given a new standard of values4    ,the 
profligate must be lured from his       
emotional excesses and  debaucheries1   
not by moralizings1 but by showing him  
just how these  things fritter his      
energies and retard his progress4       
,sidenote3 ,practical ,formulas for     
,every ,day    ,it must be made plain to
 the successful promoter1 to the rich   
banker1  how a man may be a financial   
success and yet a miserable failure so  
far  as true happiness is concerned1 and
 how by scientific self-development  he 
can acquire greater riches within than  
all his vaults of steel will  hold4     
,this ,basic ,course of ,reading offers 
just such an analysis and  exposition of
 fundamental principles4 ,it furnishes  

definite and  scientific answers to the 
problems of life4 ,it will reveal to you
 unused  or unintelligently used mental 
forces vastly greater than those now at 
your command4    ,sidenote3 ,your       
,undiscovered ,resources    ,we go even 
further1 and say that this ,basic       
,course of ,reading provides  a         
practicable formula for the everyday use
 of these vast resources4 ,it  will     
enable you to acquire the magical       
qualities and still more magical        
effects that spell success and          
happiness1 without straining your will  
to  the breaking point and making life a
 burden4 ,it will give you a definite   
prescription like the physician's1 ,take
 one before meals1 and as  easily       
compounded1 which will enable you to be 
prosperous and happy4    ,in the        
development of one's innate resources1  
such as powers of  observation1         
imagination1 correct judgment1          
alertness1 resourcefulness1             
application1 concentration1 and the     

faculty of taking prompt advantage  of  
opportunities1 the study of the mental  
machine is bound to be the  first step4 
,it must be the ultimate resource for   
self-training in  efficiency for the    
promoter with his appeal to the cupidity
 and  imaginations of men as surely as  
for the artist in his search for poetic 
inspiration4    ,sidenote3 ,man's ,mind 
,machine    ,no man can get the best    
results from any machine unless he      
understands  its mechanism4 ,we shall   
draw aside the curtain and show you the 
mind in  operation4    ,the mastery of  
your own powers is worth more to you    
than all the  knowledge of outside facts
 you can crowd into your head4 ,read and
 study  and practice the teachings of   
this ,basic ,course1 and they will make 
you in a new sense the master of        
yourself and of your future4    ,in this
 ,basic ,course of ,reading we shall    
begin by giving you a  thorough         
understanding of certain mental         
operations and processes4    ,sidenote3 

,abjuring ,mysticisms    ,we shall lead 
your interest away from vague mysticisms
 and emphasize  such phases of          
scientific psychological theory as bear 
directly on  practical achievement4     
,we shall give you a practical working  
knowledge of concentrative mental       
methods and devices4 ,we shall clear    
away the mysteries and  misapprehensions
 that now envelop this particular field4
    ,in the present volume we shall     
begin with a discussion of certain      
aspects of the relation between the mind
 and the body4    ,sidenote3            
,psychology1 ,physiology and            
,relationships    ,however we look at   
it1 it is impossible to understand the  
mind without  some knowledge of the     
bodily machine through which the mind   
works4 ,the  investigation of the mind  
and its conditions and problems is      
primarily  the business of psychology1  
which seeks to describe and explain     
them4  ,it would seem to be entirely    
distinct from physiology1 which seeks to

  classify and explain the facts of     
bodily structure and operation4 ,but    
all sciences overlap more or less4 ,and 
this is particularly true of            
psychology1 which deals with the mind1  
and physiology1 which deals with  the   
body4    ,it is the mind that we are    
primarily interested in4 ,but every     
individual  mind resides within1 or at  
least expresses itself through1 a body4 
,upon  the preservation of that body and
 upon the orderly performance of its    
functions depend our health and comfort1
 our very lives4    ,sidenote3 ,abode   
and instrument of ,mind    ,then1 too1  
considered merely as part of the outside
 world of matter1  man's body is the    
physical fact with which he is most in  
contact and  most immediately concerned4
 ,it furnishes him with information     
concerning  the existence and operations
 of other minds4 ,it is in fact his only
  source of information about the       
outside world4    ,first of all1 then1  
you must form definite and intelligent  

conclusions  concerning the relations   
between the mind and the body4          
,sidenote3 ,manner of ,handling ,mental 
,processes    ,this will be of value in 
a number of ways4 ,in the first place1  
you will  understand the bodily         
mechanism through which the mind        
operates1 and a  knowledge of this      
mechanism is bound to enlighten you as  
to the  character of the mental         
processes themselves4 ,in the second    
place1 it  is worth while to know the   
extent of the mind's influence over the 
body1  because this knowledge is the    
first step toward obtaining bodily      
efficiency through the mental control of
 bodily functions4 ,and1 finally1  a    
study of this bodily mechanism is of    
very great practical importance  in     
itself1 for the body is the instrument  
through which the mind acts in  its     
relations with the world at large4      
,from a study of the bodily machine1 we 
shall advance to a consideration  of the
 mental processes themselves1 not after 

the usual manner of works  on           
psychology1 but solely from the         
standpoint of practical utility and  for
 the establishment of a scientific      
concept of the mind capable of  everyday
 use4    ,sidenote3 ,fundamental ,laws  
and ,practical ,methods    ,the         
elucidation of every principle of mental
 operation will be  accompanied by      
illustrative material pointing out just 
how that  particular law may be employed
 for the attainment of specific         
practical  ends4 ,there will be numerous
 illustrative instances and methods that
 can  be at once made use of by the     
merchant1 the musician1 the salesman1   
the  advertiser1 the employer of labor1 
the business executive4    ,sidenote3   
,special ,business ,topics    ,in this  
way this ,basic ,course of ,reading will
 lay a firm and broad  foundation1      
first1 for an understanding of the      
methods and devices  whereby any man may
 acquire full control and direction of  
his mental  energies and may develop his

 resources to the last degree2 second1  
for  an understanding of the            
psychological methods for success in any
  specific professional pursuit in which
 he may be particularly  interested2 and
 third1 for an understanding of the     
methods of applying  psychological      
knowledge to the industrial problems of 
office1 store and  factory4    ,the     
first of these--that is to say1         
instruction in methods for the          
attainment of any goal consistent with  
native ability--will follow right  along
 as part of this ,basic ,course of      
,reading4 ,the second and  third--that  
is to say1 the study of special         
commercial and industrial  topics--are  
made the subject of special courses     
supplemental to this  ,basic ,course and
 for which it can serve only as an      
introduction4    ,sidenote3 ,a ,step    
,beyond ,collegiate ,psychology    ,in  
this ,basic ,course of ,reading we shall
 show you how you may acquire  perfect  
individual efficiency4 ,and1 most       

remarkable of all1 we shall  show you   
how you may acquire it without that     
effort to obtain it1 that  straining of 
the will1 that struggling with wasteful 
inclinations and  desires1 that is      
itself the essence of inefficiency4     
,the facts and principles set forth in  
this ,basic ,course are new and         
wonderful and inspiring4 ,they have been
 established and attested by  world-wide
 and exhaustive scientific research and 
experiment4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,eternal 
,laws of ,individual ,achievement       
,you may be a college graduate4 ,you may
 have had the advantage of a  college   
course in psychology4 ,but you have     
probably had no instruction  in the     
practical application of your knowledge 
of mental operations4 ,so  far as we are
 aware1 there are few universities in   
the world that  embrace in their        
curricula a course in applied           
psychology4 ,for the  average college   
man this ,basic ,course of ,reading will
 be1 therefore1  in the nature of a     

post-graduate course1 teaching him how  
to make  practical use of the psychology
 he learned at college1 and in addition 
giving him facts about the mind unknown 
to the college psychology of a  few     
years ago4    ,in these books you will  
probe deeply into the normal human mind4
    ,you will see also the fantastic and
 distorted shape of its  manifestations 
in disease4    ,you will learn the      
,eternal ,laws of ,individual           
,achievement4    ,sidenote3 ,how to     
,master ,our ,methods    ,and you will  
be taught how to apply them to your own 
business or  profession4    ,but mark   
this word of warning4 ,to comprehend the
 teachings of this  ,basic ,course well 
enough to put them into practice demands
 from you  careful study and reflection4
 ,it requires persistent application4   
,do not  attempt to browse through the  
pages that follow4 ,they are worth all  
the  time that you can put upon them4   
,the mind is a complex mechanism4 ,each 
element is alone a fitting subject  for 

a lifetime's study4 ,do not lose sight  
of the whole in the study of  the parts4
    ,all the books bear upon a central  
theme4 ,they will lead you on step by   
step4 ,gradually your conception of your
 relations to the world will  change4 ,a
 new realization of power will come upon
 you4 ,you will learn  that you are in a
 new sense the master of your fate4 ,you
 will find these  books1 like the petals
 of a flower1 unfolding one by one until
 a great  and vital truth stands        
revealed in full-blown beauty4    ,to   
derive full benefit from the ,course it 
is necessary that you should  do more   
than merely understand each sentence as 
you go along4 ,you must  grasp the      
underlying train of thought4 ,you must  
perceive the continuity  of the         
argument4    ,it is necessary1          
therefore1 that you do but a limited    
amount of reading  each day1 taking     
ample time to reflect on what you have  
read4 ,if any  book is not entirely     
clear to you at first1 go over it again4

  ,persistence will enable any man to   
acquire a thorough comprehension of  our
 teachings and a profound mastery of our
 methods4          ,,two ,,laws ,,of    
,,success-,,achievement                 
,,chapter ,,ii    ,,two ,,laws ,,of     
,,success-,,achievement      ,sidenote3 
,the ,one-,man ,business ,corporation   
,as a working unit you are a kind of    
one-man business corporation made up  of
 two departments1 the mental and the    
physical4    ,your mind is the executive
 office of this personal corporation1   
its  directing head4 ,your body is the  
corporation's plant4 ,eyes and ears1    
sight and smell and touch1 hands and    
feet--these are the implements1 the     
equipment4    ,we have undertaken to    
teach you how to acquire a perfect      
mastery of your  own powers and meet the
 practical problems of your life in such
 a way  that success will be swift and  
certain4    ,sidenote3 ,business and    
,bodily ,activity    ,first of all it is
 necessary that you should accept and   

believe two  well-settled and           
fundamental laws4    ,i4 ,all human     
achievement comes about through bodily  
activity4    ,,ii4 ,all bodily activity 
is caused1 controlled and directed by   
the  mind4    ,give the first of these  
propositions but a moment's thought4    
,you can  conceive of no form of        
accomplishment which is not the result  
of some  kind of bodily activity4 ,one  
would say that the master works of      
poetry1  art1 philosophy1 religion1 are 
products of human effort furthest       
removed from the material side of life1 
yet even these would have  perished     
still-born in the minds conceiving them 
had they not found  transmission and    
expression through some form of bodily  
activity4 ,you  will agree1 therefore1  
that the first of these propositions is 
so  self-evident1 so axiomatic1 as      
neither to require nor to admit of      
formal  proof4    ,the second           
proposition is not so easily disposed   
of4 ,it is in fact so  difficult of     

acceptance by some persons that we must 
make very plain its  absolute validity4 
,furthermore1 its elucidation will bring
 forth many  illuminating facts that    
will give you an entirely new conception
 of the  mind and its scope and         
influence4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,enslaved 
,brain    ,remember1 when we say mind1  
we are not thinking of the brain4 ,the  
brain is but one of the organs of the   
body1 and1 by the terms of our          
proposition as stated1 is as much the   
slave of the mind as is any other  organ
 of the body4 ,to say that the mind     
controls the body presupposes  that mind
 and body are distinct entities1 the one
 belonging to a  spiritual world1 the   
other to a world of matter4    ,that the
 mind is master of the body is a settled
 principle of science4  ,but we realize 
that its acceptance may require you to  
lay aside some  preconceived prejudices4
 ,you may be one of those who believe   
that the  mind is nothing more nor less 
than brain activity4 ,you may believe   

that  the body is all there is to man   
and that mind-action is merely one of   
its functions4    ,sidenote3 ,first     
,step ,toward ,self-,realization    ,if 
so1 we want you nevertheless to realize 
that1 while as a matter of  philosophic 
speculation you retain these opinions1  
you may at the same  time for practical 
purposes regard the mind as an          
independent causal  agency and believe  
that it can and does control and        
determine and  cause any and every kind 
of bodily activity4 ,we want you to do  
this  because this conclusion is at the 
basis of a practical system of mental   
efficiency and because1 as we shall at  
once show you1 it is capable of  proof  
by the established methods of physical  
science4          ,,relation ,,of ,,mind
 ,,activity ,,to ,,bodily ,,activity    
,,chapter ,,iii    ,,relation ,,of      
,,mind ,,activity ,,to ,,bodily         
,,activity    ,,point ,,of ,,view ,,from
 ,,which ,,you ,,must ,,approach ,,this 
,,problem      ,sidenote3 ,speculation  

and ,practical ,science    ,the fact is1
 one's opinion as to whether mind       
controls body or body  makes mind-action
 depends altogether upon the point of   
view4 ,and the  first step for us to    
take is to agree upon the point of view 
we shall  assume4    ,two points of view
 are possible4 ,one is speculative1 the 
other  practical4    ,sidenote3         
,philosophic ,riddles and ,personal     
,effectiveness    ,the speculative point
 of view is that of the philosopher and 
religionist1 who ponder the tie that    
binds soul and body in an effort  to    
solve the riddle of creation and pierce 
the mystery of the  hereafter4    ,the  
practical point of view is that of the  
modern practical scientist1  who deals  
only with actual facts of human         
experience and seeks only  immediate    
practical results4    ,the speculative  
problem is the historical and religious 
one of the  mortality or immortality of 
the soul4 ,the practical problem is the 
scientific one that demands to know what

 the mental forces are and how  they can
 be used most effectively4    ,sidenote3
 ,what ,we ,want to ,know    ,there is  
no especial need here to trace the      
historical development of  these two    
problems or enter upon a discussion of  
religious or  philosophical questions4  
,our immediate interest in the mind and 
its relationship to the body is  not    
because we want to be assured of the    
salvation of our souls after  death4    
,we want to know all we can about the   
reality and certainty and  character of 
mental control of bodily functions      
because of the practical  use we can    
make of such knowledge in this life1    
here and now4    ,sidenote3             
,spiritualist1 ,materialist and         
,scientist    ,the practical scientist  
has nothing in common with either       
spiritualists1  soul-believers1 on the  
one hand1 or materialists on the other4 
,so far as  the mortality of the soul is
 concerned1 he may be either a          
spiritualist  or a materialist ,but     

spiritualism or materialism is to him   
only an  intellectual pastime4 ,it is   
not his trade4 ,in his actual work he   
seeks  only practical results1 and so   
confines himself wholly to the actual   
facts of human experience4    ,the      
practical scientist knows that as       
between two given facts1 and  only as   
between these two1 one may be the cause 
of the other4 ,but he  is not interested
 in the creative origin of material     
things4 ,he does  not attempt to        
discover first causes4    ,sidenote3    
,science of ,cause and ,effect    ,the  
practical scientist ascribes all sorts  
of qualities to electricity  and lays   
down many laws concerning it without    
having the remotest idea  as to what1 in
 the last analysis1 electricity may     
actually be4 ,he is not  concerned with 
ultimate truths4 ,he does his work1 and 
necessarily so1  upon the principle that
 for all practical purposes he is       
justified in  using any given assumption
 as a working hypothesis if everything  

happens  just as if it were true4       
,the practical scientist applies the    
term cause to any object or event  that 
is the invariable predecessor of some   
other object or event4    ,for him a    
cause is simply any object or event that
 may be looked upon  as forecasting the 
action of some other object or the      
occurrence of some  other event4    ,the
 point with him is simply this1 ,does or
 does not this object or this  event in 
any way affect that object or that event
 or determine its  behavior8            
,sidenote3 ,causes and ,first ,causes   
,no matter where you look you will find 
that every fact in ,nature is           
relatively cause and effect according to
 the point of view4 ,thus1 if a         
railroad engine backs into a train of   
cars it transmits a certain amount  of  
motion to the first car4 ,this imparted 
motion is again passed on to  the next  
car1 and so on4 ,the motion of the first
 car is1 on the one  hand1 the effect of
 the impact of the engine1 and is1 on   

the other hand1  the cause of the motion
 of the second car4 ,and1 in general1   
what is an  effect in the first car     
becomes a cause when looked at in       
relation  to the second1 and what is an 
effect in the second becomes a cause  in
 relation to the third4 ,so that even   
the materialist will agree that  cause  
and effect are relative terms in dealing
 with any series of  facts in ,nature4  
,sidenote3 ,a ,common ,platform for ,all
    ,a man may be either a spiritualist1
 believing that the mind is a           
manifestation of the super-soul1 or he  
may be a materialist1 and in  either    
case he may at the same time and with   
perfect consistency  believe1 as a      
practical scientist1 that the mind is a 
cause and has  bodily action as its     
effect4    ,naturally this point of view
 offers no difficulties whatever to the 
spiritualist4 ,he already looks upon the
 mind or soul as the originating  cause 
of everything4    ,sidenote3 ,thoughts  
,treated as ,causes    ,but the         

materialist1 too1 may in accordance with
 his speculative theory  continue to    
insist that brain-action is the         
originating cause of  mental life2 yet  
if the facts show that certain thoughts 
are invariably  followed by certain     
bodily activities1 the materialist may  
without  violence to his theories agree 
to the great practical value of treating
  these thoughts as immediate causes1 no
 matter what the history of  creation   
may have been4    ,whatever the brand of
 your materialism or your religious     
belief1 you  can join us in accepting   
this practical-science point of view as 
a  common platform upon which to        
approach our second fundamental         
proposition1 that all bodily activity is
 caused1 controlled and  directed by the
 mind4    ,sidenote3 ,scientific ,method
 with ,practical ,problems    ,ignoring 
all religious and metaphysical          
questions1 we have1 then1 to ask        
ourselves merely3 ,can the mind be      
relied upon to bring about or stop or   

in any manner influence bodily action8  
,and if it can1 what is the extent  of  
the mind's influence8    ,in answering  
these questions we shall follow the     
method of the practical  scientist1     
whose method is invariably the same     
whatever the problem he  is             
investigating4    ,this method involves 
two steps3 first1 the collection and    
classification  of facts2 second1 the   
deduction from those facts of general   
principles4    ,sidenote3 ,uses of      
,scientific ,laws    ,the scientist     
first gathers together the greatest     
possible array of  experiential facts   
and classifies these facts into         
sequences--that is to  say1 he gathers  
together as many instances as he can    
find in which one  given fact follows   
directly upon the happening of another  
given fact4    ,having done this1 he    
next formulates in broad general terms  
the common  principle that he finds     
embodied in these many similar          
sequences4    ,such a formula1 if there 

are facts enough to establish it1 is    
what is  known as a scientific law4 ,its
 value to the world lies in this1 that  
whenever the given fact shall again     
occur our knowledge of the  scientific  
law will enable us to predict with      
certainty just what events  will follow 
the occurrence of that fact4    ,first1 
then1 let us marshal our facts tending  
to prove that bodily  activities are    
caused by the mind4                     
,,introspective ,,evidence ,,of ,,mental
 ,,mastery          ,,chapter ,,iv      
,,introspective ,,evidence ,,of ,,mental
 ,,mastery      ,sidenote3 ,doing the   
,thing ,you ,want to ,do    ,the first  
and most conspicuous evidential fact is 
voluntary bodily  action2 that is to    
say1 bodily action resulting from the   
exercise of the  conscious will4        
,sidenote3 ,source of ,power of ,will   
,if you will a bodily movement and that 
movement immediately follows1 you  are  
certainly justified in concluding that  
your mind has caused the  bodily        

movement4 ,every conscious1 voluntary   
movement that you make1 and  you are    
making thousands of them every hour1 is 
a distinct example of  mind activity    
causing bodily action4 ,in fact1 the    
very will to make any  bodily movement  
is itself nothing more nor less than a  
mental state4    ,the will to do a thing
 is simply the belief1 the conviction1  
that the  appropriate bodily movement is
 about to occur4 ,the whole scientific  
world is agreed on this4    ,for        
example1 in order to bend your          
forefinger do you first think it  over1 
then deliberately put forth some special
 form of energy8 ,not at  all3 ,the very
 thought of bending the finger1 if      
unhindered by  conflicting ideas1 is    
enough to bend it4    ,sidenote3        
,impellent ,energy of ,thought    ,note 
this general law3 ,the idea of any      
bodily action tends to produce  the     
action4    ,this conception of thought  
as impellent--that is to say1 as        
impelling  bodily activity--is of       

absolutely fundamental importance4 ,the 
following  simple experiments will      
illustrate its working4    ,ask a number
 of persons to think successively of the
 letters ,b1 ,o1  and ,q4 ,they are not 
to pronounce the letters1 but simply to 
think hard  about the sound of each     
letter4    ,sidenote3 ,bodily effects of
 ,mental ,states    ,now1 as they think 
of these letters1 one after the other1  
watch closely  and you will see their   
lips move in readiness to pronounce     
them4 ,there  may be some whose         
lip-movements you will be unable to     
detect4 ,if so1 it  will be because your
 eye is not quick enough or keen enough 
to follow  them in every case4    ,have 
a friend blindfold you and then stand   
behind you with his hands on  your      
shoulders4 ,while in this position ask  
him to concentrate his mind  upon some  
object in another part of the house4    
,yield yourself to the  slightest       
pressure of his hands or arms and you   
will soon come to the  object of which  

he has been thinking4 ,if he is         
unfamiliar with the  impelling energy of
 thought1 he will charge the result to  
mind-reading4    ,sidenote3             
,illustrative ,experiments    ,the same 
law is illustrated by a familiar catch4 
,ask a friend to define  the word       
spiral4 ,he will find it difficult to   
express the meaning in  words4 ,and nine
 persons out of ten while groping for   
appropriate words  will unconsciously   
describe a spiral in the air with the   
forefinger4    ,swing a locket in front 
of you1 holding the end of the chain    
with both  hands4 ,you will soon see    
that it will swing in harmony with your 
thoughts4 ,if you think of a circle1 it 
will swing around in a circle4 ,if  you 
think of the movement of a pendulum1 the
 locket will swing back and  forth4     
,these experiments not only illustrate  
the impelling energy of thought  and its
 power to induce bodily action1 but they
 indicate also that the  bodily effects 
of mental action are not limited to     

bodily movements that  are conscious and
 voluntary4    ,sidenote3 ,scope of     
,mind ,power    ,the fact is1 every     
mental state whether you consider it as 
involving an  act of the will or not1 is
 followed some kind of bodily effect1   
and  every bodily action is preceded by 
some distinct kind of mental  activity4 
,from the practical science point of    
view every thought causes  its          
particular bodily effects4    ,this is  
true of simple sensations4 ,it is true  
of impulses1 ideas and  emotions4 ,it is
 true of pleasures and pains4 ,it is    
true of conscious  mental activity4 ,it 
is true of unconscious mental activity4 
,it is true  of the whole range of      
mental life4    ,since the mental       
conditions that produce bodily effects  
are not limited  to those mental        
conditions in which there is a conscious
 exercise of the  will1 it follows that 
the bodily effects produced by mental   
action are  not limited to movements of 
what are known as the voluntary muscles4

    ,on the contrary1 they include      
changes and movements in all of the     
so-called involuntary muscles1 and in   
every kind of bodily structure4  ,they  
include changes and movements in every  
part of the physical  organism1 from    
changes in the action of heart1 lungs1  
stomach1 liver  and other viscera1 to   
changes in the secretions of glands and 
in the  caliber of the tiniest          
blood-vessels4 ,a few instances such as 
are  familiar to the introspective      
experience of everyone will illustrate  
the  scope of the mind's control over   
the body4    ,sidenote3 ,bodily ,effects
 of ,emotion    ,emotion always causes  
numerous and intense bodily effects4    
,furious anger  may cause frowning      
brows1 grinding teeth1 contracted jaws1 
clenched  fists1 panting breath1        
growling cries1 bright redness of the   
face or  sudden paleness4 ,none of these
 effects is voluntary2 we may not even  
be  conscious of them4    ,fright may   
produce a wild beating of the heart1 a  

death-like pallor1 a  gasping motion of 
the lips1 an uncovering or protruding of
 the  eye-balls1 a sudden rigidity of   
the body as if rooted to the spot4      
,grief may cause profuse secretion of   
tears1 swollen1 reddened face1 red  eyes
 and other familiar symptoms4    ,shame 
may cause that sudden dilation of the   
capillary blood-vessels of  the face    
known as blushing4    ,sidenote3 ,bodily
 ,effects of ,perception    ,the sight  
of others laughing or yawning makes us  
laugh or yawn4 ,the  sound of one man   
coughing will become epidemic in an     
audience4 ,the  thought of a sizzling   
porter-house steak with mushrooms1 baked
 potatoes  and rich gravy makes the     
mouth of a hungry man water4    ,suppose
 ,i show you a lemon cut in half and    
tell you with a wry face and  puckered  
mouth that ,i am going to suck the juice
 of this exceedingly  sour lemon4 ,as   
you merely read these lines you may     
observe that the  glands in your mouth  
have begun to secrete saliva4 ,there is 

a story of a  man who wagered with a    
friend that he could stop a band that   
was playing  in front of his office4 ,he
 got three lemons and gave half of a    
lemon to  each of a number of street    
urchins4 ,he then had these boys walk   
round  and round the band1 sucking the  
lemons and making puckered faces at the 
musicians4 ,that soon ended the music4  
,sidenote3 ,experiments of ,pavlov    ,a
 distinguished ,german scientist1 named 
,pavlov1 has recently  demonstrated in a
 series of experiments with dogs that   
the sight of the  plate that ordinarily 
bears their food1 or the sight of the   
chair upon  which the plate ordinarily  
stands1 or even the sight of the person 
who  commonly brings the plate1 may     
cause the saliva to flow from their     
salivary glands just as effectively as  
the food itself would do if  placed in  
their mouths4    ,sidenote3 ,taste and  
digestion    ,there was a time1 and that
 not long ago1 when the contact of food 
with  the lining of the stomach was     

supposed to be the immediate cause of   
the  secretion of the digestive fluids4 
,yet recent observation of the  interior
 of the stomach through an incision in  
the body1 has shown that  just as soon  
as the food is tasted in the mouth1 a   
purely mental  process1 the stomach     
begins to well forth those fluids that  
are suitable  for digestion4            
,sidenote3 ,bodily ,effects of          
,sensations    ,the press recently      
contained an account of a motorcycle    
race in ,newark1  ,new ,jersey4 ,the    
scene was a great bowl-shaped           
motor-drome4 ,in the midst  of cheering 
thousands1 when riding at the blinding  
speed of ninety-two  miles an hour1 the 
motorcycle of one of the contestants    
went wrong4 ,it  climbed the            
twenty-eight-foot incline1 hurled its   
rider to instant death  and crashed into
 the packed grandstand4 ,before the     
whirling mass of  steel was halted by a 
deep-set iron pillar four men lay dead  
and  twenty-two others unconscious and  

severely injured4 ,then the twisted     
engine of death rebounded from the post 
and rolled down the saucer-rim  of the  
track4    ,around the circular path1 his
 speed scarcely less than that of his   
ill-fated rival1 knowing nothing of the 
tragedy1 hearing nothing of the  screams
 of warning from the crowd1 came another
 racer4 ,the frightened  throng saw the 
coming of a second tragedy4 ,the sound  
that came from the  crowd was a low     
moaning1 a sighing1 impotent1           
unconscious prayer of the  thousands for
 the mercy that could not come4 ,the    
second motorcycle  struck the wreck1    
leaped into the air1 and the body of its
 rider shot  fifty feet over the        
handlebars and fell at the bottom of the
 track  unconscious4 ,two hours later he
 was dead4    ,what was the effect of   
this dreadful spectacle upon the        
onlookers8  ,confusion1 cries of fright 
and panic1 while throughout the         
grandstand  women fainted and lay here  
and there unconscious4 ,many were       

afflicted  with nausea4 ,with others the
 muscles of speech contracted           
convulsively1  knees gave way1 hearts   
stopped beating4 ,observe that these    
were wholly  the effects of mental      
action1 effects of sight and sound      
sensations4    ,sidenote3 ,the          
,fundamental ,law of ,expression    ,why
 multiply instances8 ,all that you need 
to do to be satisfied that the  mind is 
directly responsible for any and every  
kind of bodily activity  is to examine  
your own experiences and those of your  
friends4 ,they will  afford you         
innumerable illustrations4    ,you will 
find that not only is your body         
constantly doing things because  your   
mind wills that it should do them1 but  
that your body is  incessantly doing    
things simply because they are the      
expression of a  passing thought4       
,the law that ,every idea tends to      
express itself in some form of bodily   
activity1 is one of the most obviously  
demonstrable principles of human  life4 

,bear in mind that this is but another  
way of expressing the second of  our    
first two fundamental principles of     
mental efficiency1 and that we  are     
engaged in a scientific demonstration of
 its truth so that you will  not confuse
 it with mere theory or speculation4    
,to recall these fundamental principles 
to your mind and further impress  them  
upon you1 we will restate them3    ,i4  
,all human achievement comes about      
through some form of bodily  activity4  
,,ii4 ,all bodily activity is caused1   
controlled and directed by the  mind4   
,,physiological ,,evidence ,,of ,,mental
 ,,mastery          ,,chapter ,v        
,,physiological ,,evidence ,,of ,,mental
 ,,mastery      ,sidenote3              
,introspective ,knowledge    ,we have   
been considering the relationship       
between mind and body from the          
standpoint of the mind4 ,our            
investigation has been largely          
introspective2 that is to say1 we simply
 looked within ourselves and  considered

 the effects of our mental operations   
upon our own bodies4 ,the  facts we had 
before us were facts of which we had    
direct knowledge4 ,we  did not have to  
go out and seek them in the mental and  
bodily activities  of other persons4 ,we
 found them here within ourselves1      
inherent in our  consciousness4 ,to     
observe them we had merely to turn the  
spotlight into  the hidden channels of  
our own minds4    ,sidenote3 ,dissection
 and the ,governing ,consciousness      
,we come now to examine the mind's      
influence upon the body from the        
standpoint of the body4 ,to do this we  
must go forth and investigate4 ,we  must
 use eye1 ear and hand4 ,we must use the
 forceps and scalpel and  microscope of 
the anatomist and physiologist4         
,sidenote3 ,subordinate ,mental ,units  
,but it is well worth while that we     
should do this4 ,for our  investigation 
will show a bodily structure peculiarly 
adapted to control  by a governing      
consciousness4 ,it will reveal to the   

eye a physical  mechanism peculiarly    
fitted for the dissemination of         
intelligence  throughout the body4 ,and1
 most of all1 it will disclose the      
existence  within the body of           
subordinate mental units1 each capable  
of receiving1  understanding and acting 
upon the intelligence thus submitted4   
,and we  shall have strongly            
corroborative evidence of the mind's    
complete  control over every function of
 the body4    ,examine a green plant and
 you will observe that it is composed of
  numerous parts1 each of which has some
 special function to perform4 ,the      
roots absorb food and drink from the    
soil4 ,the leaves breathe in  carbonic  
acid from the air and transform it into 
the living substance of  the plant4     
,every plant has1 therefore1 an         
anatomical structure1 its  parts and    
tissues visible to the naked eye4       
,sidenote3 ,what the ,microscope ,shows 
,put one of these tissues under a       
microscope and you will find that it    

consists of a honeycomb of small        
compartments or units4 ,these           
compartments are called cells1 and the  
structure of all plant tissues  is      
described as cellular4 ,wherever you may
 look in any plant1 you will  find these
 cells making up its tissues4 ,the      
activity of any part or  tissue of the  
plant1 and consequently all of the      
activities of the plant  as a whole1 are
 but the combined and co-operating      
activities of the  various individual   
cells of which the tissues are composed4
 ,the living  cell1 therefore1 is at the
 basis of all plant life4    ,sidenote3 
,the ,little ,universe ,beyond    ,in   
the same way1 if you turn to the        
structure of any animal1 you will  find 
that it is composed of parts or organs  
made up of different kinds  of tissues1 
and these tissues examined under a      
microscope will disclose  a cellular    
structure similar to that exhibited by  
the plant4    ,look where you will among
 living things1 plant or animal1 you    

will find  that all are mere assemblages
 of cellular tissues4    ,extend your   
investigation further1 and examine into 
forms of life so  minute that they can  
be seen only with the most powerful     
microscope and  you will come upon a    
whole universe of tiny creatures        
consisting of a  single cell4           
,sidenote3 ,the ,unit of ,life          
,indeed1 it is a demonstrable fact that 
these tiny units of life  consisting of 
but a single cell are far more numerous 
than the forms of  life visible to the  
naked eye4 ,you will have some idea of  
their size and  number when we tell you 
that millions may live and die and      
reproduce  their kind in a single       
thimbleful of earth4    ,every plant1   
then1 or every animal1 whatever its     
species1 however  simple or complicated 
its structure1 is in the last analysis  
either a  single cell or a confederated 
group of cells4    ,all life1 whether it
 be the life of a single cell or of an  
unorganized  group of cells or of a     

republic of cells1 has as its basis the 
life of  the cell4    ,for all the      
animate world1 two great principles     
stand established4  ,first1 that every  
living organism1 plant or animal1 big or
 little1  develops from a cell1 and is  
itself a composite of cells1 and that   
the  cell is the unit of all life4      
,secondly1 that the big and complex     
organisms have through long ages        
developed out of simpler forms1 the     
organic life of today being the result  
of an age-long process of  evolution4   
,what1 then1 is the cell1 and what part 
has it played in this process of        
evolution8    ,to begin with1 a cell is 
visible only through a microscope4 ,a   
human  blood cell is about              
one-three-thousandth of an inch across1 
while a  bacterial cell may be no more  
than one-twenty-five-thousandth of an   
inch  in diameter4    ,sidenote3        
,characteristics of ,living ,cells      
,yet1 small as it is1 the cell exhibits 
all of the customary phenomena of       

independent life2 that is to say1 it    
nourishes itself1 it grows1 it          
reproduces its kind1 it moves about1 and
 it feels4 ,it is a living1  breathing1 
feeling1 moving1 feeding thing4    ,the 
term cell suggests a walled-in          
enclosure4 ,this is because it was      
originally supposed that a confining    
wall or membrane was an invariable  and 
essential characteristic of cell        
structure4 ,it is now known1  however1  
that while such a membrane may exist1 as
 it does in most plant  cells1 it may be
 lacking1 as is the case in most animal 
cells4    ,the only absolutely essential
 parts of the cell are the inner nucleus
  or kernel and the tiny mass of living 
jelly surrounding it1 called the        
protoplasm4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,brain of
 the ,cell    ,the most powerful        
microscopes disclose in this protoplasm 
a certain  definite structure1 a very   
fine1 thread-like network spreading from
 the  nucleus throughout the semi-fluid 
albuminous protoplasm4 ,it is certainly 

in line with the broad analogies of     
life1 to suppose that in each cell  the 
nucleus with its network is the brain   
and nervous system of that  individual  
cell4    ,all living organisms consist1 
then simply of cells4 ,those consisting 
of  but one cell are termed unicellular2
 those comprising more than one cell    
are called pluricellular4    ,the       
unicellular organism is the unit of life
 on this earth4 ,yet tiny and  ultimate 
as it is1 every unicellular organism is 
possessed of an  independent and free   
living existence4    ,sidenote3 ,mind   
,life of ,one ,cell    ,to be convinced 
of this fact1 just consider for a moment
 the scope of  development and range of 
activities of one of these tiny bodies4 
,we see1 then1 says ,haeckel1 that it   
performs all the essential life         
functions which the entire organism     
accomplishes4 ,every one of these       
little beings grows and feeds itself    
independently4 ,it assimilates  juices  
from without1 absorbing them from the   

surrounding fluid4 ,each  separate cell 
is also able to reproduce itself and to 
increase4 ,this  increase generally     
takes place by simple division1 the     
nucleus parting  first1 by a contraction
 round its circumference1 into two      
parts2 after  which the protoplasm      
likewise separates into two divisions4  
,the single  cell is able to move and   
creep about2 from its outer surface it  
sends  out and draws back again         
finger-like processes1 thereby modifying
 its  form4 ,finally1 the young cell has
 feeling1 and is more or less           
sensitive4 ,it performs certain         
movements on the application of chemical
  and mechanical irritants4             
,sidenote3 ,the ,will of the ,cell      
,the single living cell moves about in  
search of food4 ,when food is found  it 
is enveloped in the mass of protoplasm1 
digested and assimilated4    ,the single
 cell has the power of choice1 for it   
refuses to eat what is  unwholesome and 
extends itself mightily to reach that   

which is  nourishing4    ,sidenote3 ,the
 ,cell and ,organic ,evolution          
,moebius and ,gates are convinced that  
the single cell possesses memory1  for  
having once encountered anything        
dangerous1 it knows enough to avoid  it 
when presented under similar            
circumstances4 ,and having once found   
food in a certain place1 it will        
afterwards make a business of looking   
for it in the same place4    ,and1      
finally1 ,verwrn and ,binet have found  
in a single living cell  manifestations 
of the emotions of surprise and fear and
 the rudiments  of an ability to adapt  
means to an end4    ,let us now consider
 pluricellular organisms and consider   
them  particularly from the standpoint  
of organic evolution4 ,the pluricellular
  organism is nothing more nor less than
 a later development1 a  confederated   
association of unicellular organisms4   
,mark the development  of such an       
association4    ,sidenote3 ,evolutionary
 ,differentiation    ,originally each   

separate cell performed all the         
functions of a separate  life4 ,the     
bonds that united it to its fellows were
 of the most transient  character4      
,gradually the necessities of           
environment led to a more and  more     
permanent grouping1 until at last the   
bonds of union became  indissoluble4    
,meanwhile1 the great laws of adaptation
 and heredity1 the basic  principles of 
evolution1 have been steadily at work1  
and slowly there  has come about a      
differentiation of cell function1 an    
apportionment  among the different cells
 of the different kinds of labor4       
,sidenote3 ,plurality of the ,individual
    ,as the result of such              
differentiation1 the pluricellular      
organism1 as it  comes ultimately to be 
evolved1 is composed of many different  
kinds of  cells4 ,each has its special  
function4 ,each has its field of labor4 
,each  lives its own individual life4   
,each reproduces its own kind4 ,yet all 
are  bound together as elements of the  

same cell society or organized cell     
state4    ,among pluricellular organisms
 man is of course supreme4 ,he is the   
one  form of animal life that is most   
highly differentiated4    ,sidenote3    
,combined ,consciousness of the         
,millions    ,knowing what you now know 
of microscopic anatomy1 you cannot hold 
to the  simple idea that the human body 
is a single life-unit4 ,this is the     
nave belief that is everywhere current  
among men today4 ,inquire among  your   
own friends and acquaintances and you   
will find that not one in a  thousand   
realizes that he is1 to put it          
jocularly1 singularly plural1  that he  
is in fact an assemblage of individuals4
    ,illustration3 ,,microscopic        
,,studies ,,in ,,human ,,anatomy1       
,,private ,,laboratory1  ,,society ,,of 
,,applied ,,psychology    ,not only is  
the living human body as a whole alive1 
but every part of  it as large as a     
pin-point is alive1 with a separate and 
independent  life all its own2 every    

part of the brain1 lungs1 heart1        
muscles1 fat  and skin4 ,no man ever has
 or ever can count the number of these  
parts  or cells1 some of which are so   
minute that it would take thousands in a
  row to reach an inch4    ,feeling or  
consciousness is the sum total of the   
feelings and  consciousness of millions 
of cells1 just as an orchestral harmony 
is a  composite of the sounds of all the
 individual instruments4    ,sidenote3  
,evolution of the ,human ,organism      
,in the ancient dawn of evolution1 all  
the cells of the human body were  of the
 same kind4 ,but ,nature is everywhere  
working out problems of  economy and    
efficiency4 ,and1 to meet the           
necessities of environment1  there has  
gradually come about a parceling out    
among the different cells  of the       
various tasks that all had been         
previously called upon to perform  for  
the support of the human institution4   
,this differentiation in kinds of work  
has gradually brought about             

corresponding and appropriate changes of
 structure in the cells  themselves1    
whereby each has become better fitted to
 perform its part in  the sustenance and
 growth of the body4    ,sidenote3 ,the 
,crowd-,man    ,when you come to think  
that these processes of adaptation and  
heredity  in the human body have been   
going on for countless millions of      
years1  you can readily understand how  
it is that the human body of today is   
made up of more than thirty different   
kinds of cells1 each having its  special
 function4    ,sidenote3 ,functions of  
,different ,human ,cells    ,we have    
muscle cells1 with long1 thin bodies    
like pea-pods1 who devote  their lives  
to the business of contraction2 thin1   
hair-like connective  tissue cells1     
whose office is to form a tough tissue  
for binding the  parts of the body      
together2 bone cells1 a trades-union of 
masons1 whose  life work it is to select
 and assimilate salts of lime for the   
upkeep of  the joints and framework2    

hair1 skin1 and nail cells1 in various  
shapes  and sizes1 all devoting         
themselves to the protection and        
ornamentation  of the body2 gland cells1
 who give their lives1 a force of       
trained  chemists1 to the abstraction   
from the blood of those substances that 
are  needed for digestion2 blood cells1 
crowding their way through the          
arteries1 some making regular deliveries
 of provisions to the other  tenants1   
some soldierly fellows patrolling their 
beats to repel invading  disease germs1 
some serving as humble scavengers2 liver
 cells engaged in  the menial service of
 living off the waste of other organs   
and at the  same time converting it into
 such fluids as are required for        
digestion2  windpipe and lung cells1    
whose heads are covered with stiff      
hairs1 which  the cell throughout its   
life waves incessantly to and fro2 and1 
lastly1  and most important and of      
greatest interest to us1 brain and nerve
  cells1 the brain cells constituting   

altogether the organ of objective       
intelligence1 the instrument through    
which we are conscious of the  external 
world1 and the nerve cells serving as a 
living telegraph to  relay information1 
from one part of the body to another1   
with the  swiftness of thought4    ,says
 one writer1 referring to the cells of  
the inner or true skin3 ,as  we look at 
them arranged there like a row of       
bricks1 let us remember two  things3    
first1 that this row is actually in our 
skin at this moment2  and1 secondly1    
that each cell is a living being--it is 
born1 grows1  lives1 breathes1 eats1    
works1 decays and dies4 ,a gay time of  
it these  youngsters have on the very   
banks of a stream that is bringing down 
to  them every minute stores of fresh   
air in the round1 red corpuscles of  the
 blood1 and a constant stream of        
suitable food in the serum4 ,but it  is 
not all pleasure1 for every one of them 
is hard at work4    ,sidenote3 ,cell    
,life ,after ,death    ,and again1      

speaking of the cells that line the     
air-tubes1 he says3 ,the  whole         
interior1 then1 of the air-tubes        
resembles nothing so much as a  field of
 corn swayed by the wind to and fro1 the
 principal sweep1  however1 being always
 upwards towards the throat4 ,all       
particles of dust  and dirt inhaled drop
 on this waving forest of hairs1 and are
 gently  passed up and from one to      
another out of the lungs4 ,when we      
remember  that these hairs commenced    
waving at our birth1 and have never for 
one  second ceased since1 and will      
continue to wave a short time after our 
death1 we are once more filled with     
wonder at the marvels that surround  us 
on every side4    ,sidenote3            
,experiments of ,dr4 ,alexis ,carrel    
,remarkable confirmatory evidence of the
 fact that every organ of the  body is  
composed of individual cell             
intelligences1 endowed with an          
instinctive knowledge of how to perform 
their special functions1 is  found in   

the experiments of ,dr4 ,alexis ,carrel1
 the recipient of the  ,nobel prize for 
science for #aiab4    ,dr4 ,carrel has  
taken hearts1 stomachs and kidneys out  
of living  animals1 and by artificial   
nourishment has succeeded in keeping    
them  steadily at work digesting foods1 
and so on1 in his laboratory1 for       
months after the death of the bodies    
from which they were originally  taken4 
,sidenote3 ,man-,federation of          
,intelligences    ,we see1 then1 that   
every human body is an exceedingly      
complex  association of units4 ,it is a 
marvelously correlated and organized    
community of countless microscopic      
organisms4 ,it is a sort of cell        
republic1 as to which we may truthfully 
paraphrase3 ,life and ,union1 ,one  and 
,inseparable4    ,every human body is   
thus made up of countless cellular      
intelligences1  each of which           
instinctively utilizes ways and means   
for the performance  of its special     
functions and the reproduction of its   

kind4 ,these cell  intelligences carry  
on1 without the knowledge or volition of
 our central  consciousness--that is to 
say1 subconsciously--the vital          
operations of  the body4    ,sidenote3  
,creative ,power of the ,cell    ,under 
normal conditions1 conditions of health1
 each cell does its work  without regard
 to the operations of its neighbors4    
,but in the event of  accident or       
disease1 it is called upon to repair the
 organism4 ,and in  this it shows an    
energy and intelligence that savor of   
creative power4  ,with what promptness  
and vigor the cells apply themselves to 
heal a cut  or mend a broken bone6 ,in  
such cases all that the physician can do
 is to  establish outward conditions    
that will favor the co-operative labors 
of  these tiny intelligences4    ,the   
conclusion to be drawn from all this is 
obvious4 ,for1 if every  individual and 
ultimate part of the body is a mind     
organism1 it is very  apparent that the 
body as a whole is peculiarly adapted to

 control and  direction by mental       
influences4    ,sidenote3 ,laying the   
,foundation for ,practical ,doing    ,do
 not lose sight of the fact that in     
proving such control we are laying  the 
foundation for a scientific method of   
achieving practical success in  life1   
since all human achievement comes about 
through some form of  bodily activity4  
,we assume now your complete acceptance 
of the following propositions1  based as
 they are upon facts long since         
discovered and enunciated in  standard  
scientific works3    a4 ,the whole body 
is composed of cells1 each of which is  
an  intelligent entity endowed with     
mental powers commensurate with its     
needs4    ,sidenote3 ,three ,new        
,propositions    b4 ,the fact that every
 cell in the body is a mind cell shows  
that  the body1 by the very nature of   
its component parts1 is peculiarly      
susceptible to mental influence and     
control4    ,to these propositions we   
now append the following3    c4 ,a      

further examination of the body reveals 
a central mental  organism1 the brain1  
composed of highly differentiated cells 
whose  intelligence1 as in the case of  
other cells1 is commensurate with their 
functions4    d4 ,it reveals also a     
physical mechanism1 the nervous system1 
peculiarly adapted to the communication 
of intelligence between the  central    
governing intelligence and the          
subordinate cells4    ,sidenote3 ,an    
,instrument for ,mental ,dominance    e4
 ,the existence of this mind organism   
and this mechanism of                   
intercommunication is additional        
evidence of the control and direction   
of bodily activities by mental energy4  
,the facts to follow will not only      
demonstrate the truth of these          
propositions1 but will disclose the     
existence within every one of us of  a  
store of mental energies and activities 
of which we are entirely  unconscious4  
,the brain constitutes the organ of     
central governing intelligence1 and  the

 nerves are the physical means employed 
in bodily intercommunication4    ,brain 
and nerves are in other words the       
physical mechanism employed by  the mind
 to dominate the body4    ,sidenote3    
,gateways of ,experience    ,single     
nerve fibers are fine1 thread-like      
cells4 ,they are so small as to  be     
invisible to the naked eye4 ,some of    
them are so minute that it would  take  
twenty thousand of them laid side by    
side to measure an inch4 ,every  nerve  
fiber in the human body forms one of a  
series of connecting links  between some
 central nerve cell in the brain or     
spinal cord on the one  hand and some   
bodily tissue on the other4    ,all     
nerves originating in the brain may be  
divided into two classes  according as  
they carry currents to the brain or from
 it4 ,those carrying  currents to the   
brain are called sensory nerves1 or     
nerves of  sensation2 those carrying    
currents from the brain are called motor
  nerves1 or nerves of motion4          

,sidenote3 ,couriers of ,action         
,among the sensory nerves are the nerves
 of consciousness2 that is1 the  nerves 
whereby we receive sense impressions    
from the external world4  ,these include
 the nerves of touch1 sight1 pain1      
hearing1 temperature1  taste and smell4 
,motor nerves are those that carry      
messages from the  brain and spinal cord
 on the one hand to the muscles on the  
other4 ,they  are the lines along which 
flash all orders resulting in bodily    
movements4    ,sidenote3 ,nerve ,systems
    ,another broad division of nerves is
 into two great nerve systems4 ,there   
are the cerebro-spinal system and the   
sympathetic system4 ,the first1  the    
cerebro-spinal system1 includes all the 
nerves of consciousness  and of         
voluntary action2 it includes all nerves
 running between the  brain and spinal  
cord on the one hand and the voluntary  
muscles on the  other4 ,the second1 the 
sympathetic nerve system1 consists of   
all the  nerves of the unconscious or   

functional life2 it therefore includes  
all  nerves running between the brain   
and sympathetic or involuntary nerve    
centers on the one hand and the         
involuntary muscles on the other4       
,every bodily movement or function that 
you can start or stop at will1  even to 
such seemingly unconscious acts as      
winking1 walking1 etc41 is  controlled  
through the cerebro-spinal system4 ,all 
other functions of the  body1 including 
the great vital processes1 such as heart
 pulsation and  digestion1 are performed
 unconsciously1 are beyond the direct   
control of  the will1 and are governed  
through the sympathetic nerve system4   
,sidenote3 ,organs of ,consciousness and
 ,subconsciousness    ,it is obvious    
that the cerebro-spinal nerve system is 
the organ of  consciousness1 the        
apparatus through which the mind        
exercises its  conscious and voluntary  
control over certain functions of the   
body4 ,it  is equally obvious that the  
sympathetic system is not under the     

immediate control of consciousness1 is  
not subject to the will1 but is         
dominated by mental influences that act 
without1 or even contrary to1  our      
conscious will and sometimes without our
 knowledge4    ,yet you are not to      
understand that these two great nerve   
systems are  entirely distinct in their 
operations4 ,on the contrary1 they are  
in many  respects closely related4      
,illustration3 ,,separate ,,nerve       
,,centers1 ,,plexuses ,,and ,,ganglia1  
,,the ,,little  ,,brains ,,of ,,the     
,,human ,,body    ,thus1 the heart      
receives nerves from both centers of    
government1 and  besides all this is    
itself the center of groups of nerve    
cells4 ,the  power by which it beats    
arises from a ganglionic center within  
the heart  itself1 so that the heart    
will continue to beat apart from the    
body if  it be supplied with fresh      
blood4 ,but the rapidity of the heart's 
beating  is regulated by the            
cerebro-spinal and sympathetic systems1 

of which the  former tends to retard the
 beat and the latter tends to accelerate
 it4    ,in the same way1 your lungs are
 governed in part by both centers1 for  
you can breathe slowly or rapidly as you
 will1 but you cannot1 by any  power of 
your conscious will1 stop breathing     
altogether4    ,your interest in the    
brain and nerve system is confined to   
such facts as  may prove to be of use to
 you in your study of the mind4 ,these  
anatomical divisions interest you only  
as they are identified with  conscious  
mental action on the one hand and       
unconscious mental action on  the other4
    ,it is1 therefore1 of no use to you 
to consider the various divisions of    
the sympathetic nerve system1 since the 
sympathetic nerve system in its         
entirety belongs to the field of        
unconscious mental action4 ,it operates 
without our knowledge and without our   
will4    ,sidenote3 ,looking ,inside the
 ,skull    ,the cerebro-spinal system   
consists of the spinal cord and the     

brain4 ,the  brain in turn is made up of
 two principal subdivisions4 ,first1    
there is  the greater or upper brain1   
called the cerebrum2 secondly1 there is 
the  lower or smaller brain1 called the 
cerebellum4 ,the cerebrum in turn       
consists of three parts3 the convoluted 
surface brain1 the middle  brain and the
 lower brain4 ,so that in all we have   
the surface brain1  the middle brain1   
the lower brain and the cerebellum4 ,all
 these  parts consist of masses of brain
 cells with connecting nerve fibers4    
,sidenote3 ,brains ,parts and ,functions
    ,and now1 as to the functions of    
these various parts4 ,beginning at the  
lowest one and moving upward1 we find   
first that the spinal cord  consists of 
through lines of nerves running between 
the brain and the  rest of the body4 ,at
 the same time it contains within itself
 certain  nerve centers that are        
sufficient for many simple bodily       
movements4  ,these bodily movements are 
such as are instinctive or habitual and 

require no distinct act of the will for 
their performance4 ,they are mere       
reactions1 without conscious1 volitional
 impulse4    ,moving up one step higher1
 we find that the cerebellum is the     
organ of  equilibrium1 and that it as   
well as the spinal cord operates        
independently of the conscious will1 for
 no conscious effort of the will  is    
required to make one reel from          
dizziness4    ,as to the divisions of   
the greater brain or cerebrum1 we want  
you to  note that the lower brain serves
 a double purpose4 ,first1 it is the    
channel through which pass through lines
 of communication to and from  the upper
 brain and the mid-brain on the one hand
 and the rest of the  body on the other4
 ,secondly1 it is itself a central      
office for the  maintenance of certain  
vital functions1 such as lung-breathing1
  heart-beating1 saliva-secreting1      
swallowing1 etc41 all involuntary and   
unconscious in the sense that           
consciousness is not necessary to their 

performance4    ,the next higher        
division1 or mid-brain1 is a large      
region from which  the conscious will   
issues its edicts regulating all        
voluntary bodily  movements4 ,it is also
 the seat of certain special senses1    
such as sight4    ,lastly1 the surface  
brain1 known as the cortex1 is the      
interpretative  and reflective center1  
the abode of memory1 intellect and will4
    ,sidenote3 ,drunkenness and ,brain  
,efficiency    ,the functions of these  
various parts are well illustrated by   
the effects  of alcohol upon the mind4  
,if a man takes too much alcohol1 its   
first  apparent effect will be to       
paralyze the higher or cortical center4 
,this  leaves the mid-brain without the 
check-rein of a reflective intellect1   
and the man will be senselessly         
hilarious or quarrelsome1 jolly or      
dejected1 pugnacious or tearful1 and    
would be ordinarily described as  drunk4
 ,if in spite of this he keeps on       
drinking1 the mid-brain soon  becomes   

deadened and ceases to respond1 and the 
cerebellum1 the organ of  equilibrium1  
also becomes paralyzed4 ,all voluntary  
bodily activities  must then cease1 and 
he rolls under the table1 helpless and  
dead  drunk1 or in language that is even
 more graphically appreciative of the   
physiological effects of alcohol1       
paralyzed4 ,however1 the deep-seated    
sympathetic system is still alive4 ,no  
assault has yet been made upon  the     
vital organs of the body2 the heart     
continues to beat and the lungs  to     
breathe4 ,but suppose that some playful 
comrade pours still more  liquor down   
the victim's throat4 ,the medulla1 or   
lower brain1 then  becomes paralyzed1   
the vital organs cease to act and the   
man is no  longer dead drunk4 ,he has   
become a sacrifice to ,bacchus4 ,he is  
literally and actually dead4    ,it     
seems1 then1 that the surface brain and 
mid-brain constitute together  the organ
 of consciousness and will4             
,consciousness and will disappear  with 

the deadening or paralysis of these two 
organs4    ,sidenote3 ,secondary ,brains
    ,yet these two organs constitute but
 a small proportion of the entire  mass 
of brain and nervous tissue of the body4
 ,in addition to these1  there are not  
only the lower brain and the spinal cord
 and the countless  ramifications of    
motor and sensory nerves throughout the 
body1 but  there are also separate      
nerve-centers or ganglia in every one of
 the  visceral organs of the body4      
,these ganglia have the power to        
maintain  movements in their respective 
organs4 ,they may in fact be looked upon
  as little brains developing nerve     
force and communicating it to the       
organs4    ,sidenote3 ,dependence of the
 ,subconscious    ,all these automatic  
parts of the bodily mechanism are       
dominated by  departments of the mind   
entirely distinct from ordinary         
consciousness4  ,in fact1 ordinary      
consciousness has no knowledge of their 
existence  excepting what is learned    

from outward bodily manifestations4     
,all these different organic ganglia    
constitute together the sympathetic     
nerve system1 organ of that part of the 
mind which directs the vital  operations
 of the body in apparent independence of
 the intelligence  commonly called the  
mind1 an intelligence which acts through
 the  cerebro-spinal system4    ,yet    
this independence is far from being     
absolute4 ,for1 as we have seen1  not   
only is the cerebro-spinal system1 which
 is the organ of  consciousness1 the    
abode of all the special senses1 such as
 sight1  hearing1 etc41 and therefore   
our only source of information of the   
external world1 but many organs of the  
body are under the joint control  of    
both systems4    ,so it comes about that
 these individual intelligences         
governing  different organs of the body1
 with their intercommunications1 are    
dependent upon consciousness for their  
knowledge of such facts of the  outer   
world as have a bearing on their        

individual operations1 and they  are    
subject to the influence of             
consciousness as the medium that        
interprets these facts4    ,it is       
unnecessary for us to go into this      
matter deeply4 ,it is enough if  you    
clearly understand that1 in addition to 
consciousness1 the  department of mind  
that knows and directly deals with the  
facts of the  outer world1 there is also
 a deep-seated and seemingly unconscious
  department of mind consisting of      
individual organic intelligences        
capable of receiving1 understanding and 
acting upon such information as         
consciousness transmits4    ,sidenote3  
,unconsciousness and ,subconsciousness  
,we have spoken of conscious and        
seemingly unconscious departments of    
the mind4 ,in doing so we have used the 
word seemingly advisedly4  ,obviously we
 have no right to apply the term        
unconscious without  qualification to an
 intelligent mentality such as we have  
described4    ,unconscious simply means 

not conscious4 ,in its common           
acceptation1  it denotes1 in fact1 an   
absence of all mental action4 ,it is in 
no sense  descriptive4 ,it is merely    
negative4 ,death is unconscious2 but    
unconsciousness is no attribute of a    
mental state that is living and         
impellent and constantly manifests its  
active energy and power in the          
maintenance of the vital functions of   
the body4    ,hereafter1 then1 we shall 
continue to use the term consciousness  
as  descriptive of that part of our     
mentality which constitutes what is     
commonly known as the mind2 while that  
mental force1 which1 so far as  our     
animal life is concerned1 operates      
through the sympathetic nerve  system1  
we shall hereafter describe as          
subconscious4    ,sidenote3 ,synthesis  
of the ,man-,machine    ,sidenote3      
,subserviency of the ,body    ,let us   
summarize our study of man's physical   
organism4 ,we have learned  that the    
human body is a confederation of various

 groups of living  cells2 that in the   
earliest stages of man's evolution1     
these cells  were all of the same       
general type2 that as such they were    
free-living1  free-thinking and         
intelligent organisms as certainly as   
were those  unicellular organisms which 
had not become members of any group or  
association2 that through the processes 
of evolution1 heredity and  adaptation1 
there has come about in the course of   
the ages1 a  subdivision of labor among 
the cells of our bodies and a consequent
  differentiation in kind whereby each  
has become peculiarly fitted for  the   
performance of its allotted functions2  
that1 nevertheless1 these  cells of the 
human body are still free-living1       
intelligent organisms1  of which each is
 endowed with the inherited1 instinctive
 knowledge of  all that is essential to 
the preservation of its own life and the
  perpetuation of its species within the
 living body2 that1 as a part of  the   
specializing economy of the body1 there 

have been evolved brain  and nerve cells
 performing a twofold service--first1   
constituting the  organ of a central    
governing intelligence with the         
important business  of receiving1       
classifying1 and recording all          
impressions or messages  received       
through the senses from the outer world1
 and1 second1  communicating to the     
other cells of the body such part of the
  information so derived as may be      
appropriate to the functions of each2   
that finally1 as such complex and       
confederated individuals1 each of  us   
possesses a direct1 self-conscious      
knowledge of only a small part  of his  
entire mental equipment2 that we have   
not only a  consciousness receiving     
sense impressions and issuing motor     
impulses  through the cerebro-spinal    
nervous system1 but that we have also a 
subconsciousness manifesting itself1 so 
far as bodily functions are  concerned1 
in the activity of the vital organs     
through the sympathetic  nerve system2  

that this subconsciousness is dependent 
on consciousness  for all knowledge of  
the external world2 that1 in accordance 
with the  principles of evolution1 man  
as a whole and as a collection of cell  
organisms1 both consciously and         
unconsciously1 is seeking to adapt      
himself to his external world1 his      
environment2 that the human body1  both 
as a whole and as an aggregate of       
cellular intelligences1 is  therefore   
subject in every part and in every      
function to the  influence of the       
special senses and of the mind of       
consciousness4          ,the ,supremacy 
of ,consciousness          ,,chapter    
,,vi    ,,the ,,supremacy ,,of          
,,consciousness    ,,conclusions ,,drawn
 ,,from ,,studies ,,in ,,human          
,,psychology1 ,,anatomy ,,and           
,,physiology      ,sidenote3 ,striking  
off the ,mental ,shackles    ,stop a    
moment and mark the conclusion to which 
you have come4 ,you have  been examining
 the human body with the scalpel and the

 microscope of  the anatomist and       
physiologist4 ,in doing so and by       
watching the bodily  organs in          
operation1 you have learned that every  
part of the body1 even  to those organs 
commonly known as involuntary1 is       
ultimately subject to  the influence or 
control of consciousness1 that part of  
the human  intelligence which is        
popularly known as the mind4    ,prior  
to this1 as a matter of direct          
introspective knowledge1 we had  come to
 the conclusion that the influence of   
the mind over all the  organs of the    
body was one of the most obvious facts  
of human life4    ,so1 our study of the 
body as the instrument of the mind has  
brought us  to the same conclusion as   
did our study of the mind in its        
relations to  the body4    ,looked at   
from the practical science standpoint1  
the evidences that  mental activity can 
and does produce bodily effects are so  
clear and  numerous as to admit of no   
dispute4    ,the world has been slow to 

acknowledge the mastery of mind over    
body4  ,this is because the world long  
persisted in looking at the question    
from  the point of view of the          
philosopher and religionist4 ,it is     
because the  thought of the world has   
been hampered by its own definitions of 
terms4    ,the spiritualist has been so 
busy in the pursuit of originating first
  causes1 and the materialist has so    
emphasized the dependence of mind  upon 
physical conditions1 that the world has 
received with skepticism  the assertion 
of the influence of mind over body1 and 
in fact doubted  the intuitive evidence 
of its own consciousness4    ,sidenote3 
,the ,awakening of ,enlightenment       
,the distinction between the two points 
of view has gradually come to be        
recognized4 ,today the fact that the    
mind may act as a cause in  relationship
 with the body is a recognized principle
 of applied science4  ,the world's      
deepest thinkers accept its truth4 ,and 
the interest of  enlightened men and    

women everywhere is directed toward the 
mind as an  agency of undreamed resource
 for the cure of functional derangements
 of  the body and for the attainment of 
the highest degree of bodily            
efficiency4    ,in some respects it is  
unfortunate that you should have been   
compelled  to begin these studies in    
mental efficiency and self-expression   
with  lessons on the relationship       
between the mind and the body4 ,there is
 the  danger that you may jump at the   
conclusion that this course has some    
reference to mental healing4 ,please    
disabuse your mind of any such  mistaken
 idea4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,vital        
,purpose    ,health is a boon4 ,it is   
not the greatest boon4 ,health is not   
life4  ,health is but a means to life4  
,life is service4 ,life is achievement4 
,health is of value in so far as it     
contributes to achievement4    ,our     
study of the relation between mind and  
body at this time has had a  deeper1    
broader and more vital purpose4 ,it is  

the foundation stone of an  educational 
structure in which we shall show you how
 the mind may be  brought by scientific 
measures to a certainty and             
effectiveness of  operation far greater 
than is now common or ordinarily thought
 possible4    ,sidenote3 ,your          
,reservoir of ,latent ,power            
,remember the two fundamental           
propositions set forth in this book4    
,i4 ,all human achievement comes about  
through some form of bodily  activity4  
,,ii4 ,all bodily activity is caused1   
controlled and directed by the  mind4   
,the truth of these propositions must   
now be obvious to you4 ,you must        
realize that the mind is the one        
instrument by which it is possible to   
achieve anything in life4 ,your next    
step must be to learn how to use it4    
,in succeeding volumes1 we shall sound  
the depths of the reservoir of  latent  
mental power4 ,we shall find the means  
of tapping its resources4  ,and so we   
shall come to give you the master key to

 achievement and teach  you how to use  
it with confidence and with the positive
 assurance of  success4