,,plato',s ,,apology1 ,,crito ,,& ,,ph,,d ,,( ,,socrates4 ,lit]ally ,translat$ ,by ,,h5ry ,,c>y1 ,m4,a41 ,worce/] ,college1 ,ox=d ,) ,an ,introduction ,by ,,edw>d ,,brooks1 ,,jr4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction ,,! ,,apology ,,( ,,socrates ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,crito ,,crito2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,a ,,citiz5 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,ph,,d ,,ph,,d2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,immortality ,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,,introduction4 ,( all writ]s ( speculative philosophy1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 !re is probably no "o :o has atta9$ s em95t a position z ,plato4 ,:at ,hom] 0 to ,epic poetry1 :at ,cic]o & ,demo/h5es 7 to oratory1 & :at ,%akespe>e 0 to ! drama ( ,engl&1 ,plato 0 to anci5t philosophy1 n unapproa*able nor unapproa*$1 b possess+ an inexplicable b unque/ion$ supremacy4 ,! au!ntic records ( 8 life are meagre1 & mu* t has be5 writt5 conc]n+ him is ( a speculative nature4 ,he 0 born at ,a!ns 9 ! ye> #dbg ,b4,c4 ,8 fa!r's "n 0 ,ari/on1 & 8 "m's family1 :i* claim$ its desc5t f ,solon1 includ$ among its memb]s _m ,a!nian notables1 among :om 0 ,oritias1 "o ( ! ?irty tyrants4 ,9 8 e>ly y\? ,plato appli$ himself to poetry & pa9t+1 bo? ( :i* pursuits he rel9qui%$ to become ! disciple & foll[] ( ,socrates4 ,x is said t 8 "n 0 orig9ally ,ari/ocles1 b t x 0 *ang$ to ,plato on acc\nt ( ! bread? ( 8 %\ld]s & =ehead4 ,he is also said to h be5 an exp]t wre/l] & to h tak5 "p 9 sev]al important battles4 ,he 0 ! devot$ fri5d & pupil ( ,socrates1 & dur+ ! imprisonm5t ( 8 ma/] he att5d$ him con/antly1 & committ$ to writ+ 8 la/ disc\rses on ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,socrates x is suppos$ t ,plato took refuge ) ,euclides 9 ,meg>a1 & subsequ5tly ext5d$ 8 travels into ,magna ,graecia & ,egypt4 ,^u 8 return to ,a!ns he taught ^? :o came to him = in/ruction 9 ! grove nam$ ,academus1 ne> ! ,cephisus1 & ?us f\nd$ ! fir/ great philosophical s*ool1 ov] :i* he cont9u$ to preside until ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,above ! entrance to ?is grove 0 inscrib$ ! leg5d3 ,let no "o ignorant ( geometry ent] "h4 ,"h he 0 att5d$ by p]sons ( e description1 among ! m illu/ri\s ( :om 7 ,ari/otle1 ,lycurgus1 ,demo/h5es & ,isocrates4 ,!re is a /ory to ! effect t ,plato ?ree times visit$ ,sicily1 once ^u ! invitation ( ! eld] ,dionysius1 & twice at ! e>ne/ solicitations ( ! y\ng]4 ,! =m] he is said to h s s]i\sly (f5d$ z to cause ! tyrant to h him seiz$ on 8 return home & sold z a slave1 f :i* /ate ( bondage he 01 h[ev]1 releas$ by ,anic]ius ( ,cyr5e4 ,! p ( 8 "t ?\ght m ( him ?an !y did ( all _! o!r philosoph]s1 & call$ him ! ,div9e ,plato4 ,s great 0 ! reg>d & v5]ation = him t x 0 consid]$ bett] to err ) ,plato ?an be "r ) any "o else4 ,! writ+s ( ,plato are num]\s1 & mo/ ( !m are 9 ! =m ( dialogues4 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 translations ( ?ree ( 8 works1 viz43 ,! ,apologia1 ,! ,crito & ,! ,phd1 all ( :i* h ref]5ce to ! trial1 imprisonm5t & dea? ( ,socrates4 ,! ,apologia repres5ts ,socrates on trial = 8 life1 und]tak+ 8 own def5ce1 ?\gh unaccu/om$ to ! language ( ! c\rts1 ! occasion be+1 z he says1 ! fir/ "t he has ev] be5 be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice1 ?\gh sev5ty ye>s ( age4 ,plato 0 pres5t at ! trial1 & no d\bt gives u ! v argum5ts us$ by ! accus$4 ,two *>ges 7 br\ght aga9/ ,socrates--"o t he did n believe 9 ! gods recogniz$ by ! ,/ate1 ! o!r t he _h corrupt$ ! ,a!nian y\? by 8 tea*+s4 ,socrates does n h rec\rse to ! ord9>y me?ods adopt$ by orators on simil> occasions4 ,he pref]s to /& ^u 8 own integrity & innoc5ce1 un9flu5c$ by ! fe> ( t imag9>y evil1 dea?4 ,he1 !re=e1 does n firmly grapple ) ei!r ( ! *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ him4 ,he nei!r d5ies nor confesses ! fir/ accusation1 b %[s t 9 sev]al in/ances he con=m$ to ! religi\s cu/oms ( 8 c\ntry1 & t he believes 9 ,god m ?an he fe>s man4 ,! second *>ge he meets by a cross-exam9ation ( 8 accus]1 ,melitus1 :om he r$uces to ! dilemma ( *>g+ him ) corrupt+ ! y\? design$ly1 :i* w\ld be absurd1 or ) do+ s undesign$ly1 = :i* he c\ld n be liable to puni%m5t4 ,8 def5ce1 h[ev]1 avails him no?+1 & he is condemn$ by ! judges to die by dr9k+ ! poison\s hemlock4 ,9 ! clos+ "p ( ,! ,apologia ,socrates is repres5t$ z comm5t+ ^u ! s5t5ce :i* has be5 pass$ ^u him1 & z express+ 8 belief t 9 go+ to 8 dea? he is only pass+ to a bett] & a happi] life4 ,9 ,! ,crito ,socrates is repres5t$ 9 conv]sation ) a fri5d ( 8 nam$ ,crito1 :o _h be5 pres5t at 8 trial1 & :o _h (f]$ to assi/ ,socrates 9 pay+ a f9e1 _h a f9e be5 ! s5t5ce impos$4 ,crito visits ,socrates 9 8 conf9em5t to br+ to him ! intellig5ce t ! %ip1 ! arrival ( :i* 0 to be ! signal = 8 dea? ^u ! foll[+ day1 w\ld arrive =?)1 & to urge him to adopt ! means ( escape :i* _h already be5 prep>$4 ,socrates promises to foll[ ! advice ( ,crito if1 ^u a full discussion ( ! matt]1 x seems "r to d s4 ,9 ! conv]sation :i* ensues ,socrates argues t x is wrong to return evil = evil & t ! obligations :i* a citiz5 owes to 8 ,/ate are m b9d+ ?an ^? :i* a *ild owes 8 p>5ts or a slave 8 ma/]1 &1 !re=e1 x is 8 duty to submit to ! laws ( ,a!ns at :atev] co/ to himself4 ,crito has no answ] to make to ?is argum5t1 & ,socrates !reupon decides to submit to 8 fate4 ,plato is said to h _h two objects 9 writ+ ?is dialogue3 ,fir/1 to acquit ,socrates ( ! *>ge ( corrupt+ ! ,a!nian y\?2 &1 second1 to e/abli% ! fact t x is necess>y "u all circum/ances to submit to ! e/abli%$ laws ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! ,phd relates ! mann] 9 :i* ,socrates sp5t ! la/ day ( 8 life & ! circum/ances att5d+ 8 dea?4 ,he is visit$ by a numb] ( 8 fri5ds1 among :om are ,phd1 ,simmias & ,crito4 ,:5 8 fri5ds arrive !y f9d him sitt+ ^u a b$ rubb+ 8 legs1 :i* h j be5 releas$ f bonds4 ,he rem>ks ^u ! unacc\ntable connection betwe5 pleasure & pa91 & f ?is ! conv]sation gradually turns to a consid]ation ( ! "q ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,he conv9ces 8 li/5]s ( ! pre-exi/5ce ( ! s\l2 b !y are /ill skeptical z to its immortality1 urg+ t its pre-exi/5ce & ! fact t x is m durable ?an ! body does n preclude ! possibility ( its be+ mortal4 ,socrates1 h[ev]1 argues t contr>ies _c exi/ 9 ! same ?+ at ! same "t1 z1 = example1 ! same object _c p>take ( bo? magnitude & littl5ess at ! same "t4 ,9 l mann]1 heat :ile x is heat c nev] admit ! idea ( cold4 ,life & dea? are contr>ies & c nev] coexi/2 b :]ev] !re is life !re is s\l1 s t ! s\l conta9s t :i* is contr>y to dea? & c nev] admit dea?2 consequ5tly ! s\l is immortal4 ,hav+ conv9c$ 8 li/5]s1 ,socrates ba!s & takes leave ( 8 *ildr5 & ! wom5 ( 8 family4 ,!reupon ! (fic] appe>s & tells him x is "t = him to dr9k ! poison4 ,at ?is 8 fri5ds comm5ce to weep & are rebuk$ by ,socrates = _! weakness4 ,he dr9ks ! poison calmly & )\t hesitation1 & !n beg9s to walk ab\t1 /ill conv]s+ ) 8 fri5ds4 ,8 limbs soon gr[ /iff & heavy & he lays himself d[n ^u 8 back4 ,8 la/ words are3 ,crito1 we owe a cock to sculapius2 pay x1 !re=e1 & d n neglect x4 ,,! ,,apology ,,( ,,socrates4 ,i "k n1 ,o ,a!nians6 h[ f> y h be5 influ5c$ by my accus]s = my "p1 9 li/5+ to !m ,i almo/ =got myself1 s plausible 7 _! argum5ts h[ev]1 s to speak1 !y h said no?+ true4 ,b ( ! _m falsehoods :i* !y utt]$ ,i wond]$ at "o ( !m especially1 t 9 :i* !y said t y ought to be on y\r gu>d le/ y %\ld be deceiv$ by me1 z be+ eloqu5t 9 spee*4 ,= t !y are n a%am$ ( be+ =?) convict$ by me 9 fact1 :5 ,i %all %[ t ,i am n by any means eloqu5t1 ?is seem$ to me ! mo/ %ameless ?+ 9 !m1 unless inde$ !y call him eloqu5t :o speaks ! tru?4 ,=1 if !y mean ?is1 !n ,i w\ld all[ t ,i am an orator1 b n aft] _! fa%ion = !y1 z ,i affirm1 h said no?+ true1 b f me y %all he> ! :ole tru?4 ,n inde$1 ,a!nians1 argum5ts highly wr\ght1 z !irs 71 ) *oice phrases & expressions1 nor adorn$1 b y %all he> a spee* utt]$ )\t prem$itation 9 su* words z fir/ pres5t !mselves4 ,= ,i am confid5t t :at ,i say w be j1 & let none ( y expect o!rwise1 = surely x w\ld n become my "t ( life to come be=e y l a y\? ) a got up spee*4 ,above all ?+s1 !re=e1 ,i beg & implore ?is ( y1 ,o ,a!nians6 if y he> me def5d+ myself 9 ! same language z t 9 :i* ,i am accu/om$ to speak bo? 9 ! =um at ! c\nt]s1 :]e _m ( y h he>d me1 & else:]e1 n to be surpris$ or di/urb$ on ?is acc\nt4 ,= ! case is ?is3 ,i n[ = ! fir/ "t come be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice1 ?\gh m ?an sev5ty ye>s old2 ,i am !re=e utt]ly a /rang] to ! language "h4 ,z1 !n1 if ,i 7 really a /rang]1 y w\ld h p>don$ me if ,i spoke 9 ! language & ! mann] 9 :i* ,i _h be5 educat$1 s n[ ,i ask ?is ( y z an act ( ju/ice1 z x appe>s to me1 to disreg>d ! mann] ( my spee*1 = p]haps x may be some:at worse1 & p]haps bett]1 & to consid] ?is only1 & to give y\r att5tion to ?is1 :e!r ,i speak :at is j or n2 = ?is is ! virtue ( a judge1 b ( an orator to speak ! tru?4 #b4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 ,i am "r 9 def5d+ myself aga9/ ! fir/ false accusations alleg$ aga9/ me1 & my fir/ accus]s1 & !n aga9/ ! late/ accusations1 & ! late/ accus]s4 ,= _m h be5 accus]s ( me to y1 & = _m ye>s1 :o h ass]t$ no?+ true1 ( :om ,i am m afraid ?an ( ,anytus & 8 p>ty1 al?\gh !y too are =midable2 b ^? are /ill m =midable1 ,a!nians1 :o1 lay+ hold ( _m ( y f *ildhood1 h p]suad$ y1 & accus$ me ( :at is n true3 t !re is "o ,socrates1 a wise man1 :o occupies himself ab\t cele/ial matt]s1 & has explor$ e ?+ "u ! e>?1 & makes ! worse appe> ! bett] reason4 ,^?1 ,o ,a!nians6 :o h spread abroad ?is report are my =midable accus]s2 = !y :o he> !m ?9k t su* z se>* into ^! ?+s d n believe t !re are gods4 ,9 ! next place1 ^! accus]s are num]\s1 & h accus$ me n[ = a long "t2 moreov]1 !y said ^! ?+s to y at t "t ( life 9 :i* y 7 mo/ cr$ul\s1 :5 y 7 boys & "s ( y y\?s1 & !y accus$ me altoge!r 9 my abs5ce1 :5 !re 0 no "o to def5d me4 ,b ! mo/ unreasonable ?+ ( all is1 t x is n possible to le>n & m5tion _! names1 except t "o ( !m happ5s to be a comic poet4#a ,su*1 h[ev]1 z1 influ5c$ by envy & calumny1 h p]suad$ y1 & ^? :o1 be+ !mselves p]suad$1 h p]suad$ o!rs1 all ^! are mo/ difficult to deal )2 = x is n possible to br+ any ( !m =w>d "h1 nor to confute any2 b x is altoge!r necess>y to fight1 z x 7 ) a %ad[1 9 mak+ my def5se1 & to convict :5 !re is no "o to answ]4 ,consid]1 !re=e1 z ,i h said1 t my accus]s are tw(old1 "s :o h lately accus$ me1 & o!rs long s9ce1 :om ,i h made m5tion (2 & believe t ,i ought to def5d myself aga9/ ^! fir/2 = y he>d !m accus+ me fir/1 & mu* m ?an ^! la/4 ,well4 ,i mu/ make my def5se1 !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 & endeavor 9 ?is s %ort a space ( "t to remove f y\r m9ds ! calumny :i* y h long ent]ta9$4 ,i wi%1 inde$1 x might be s1 if x 7 at all bett] bo? = y & me1 & t 9 mak+ my def5se ,i c\ld effect some?+ m advantage\s /ill3 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t x w be difficult1 & ,i am n entirely ignorant :at ! difficulty is4 ,nev]!less1 let ?is turn out z may be pleas+ to ,god1 ,i mu/ obey ! law & make my def5se4 #c4 ,let u1 !n1 repeat f ! beg9n+ :at ! accusation is f :i* ! calumny aga9/ me has aris51 & rely+ on :i* ,melitus has pref]r$ ?is indictm5t aga9/ me4 ,well4 ,:at1 !n1 d !y :o *>ge me say 9 _! *>ge8 ,= x is necess>y to read _! deposition z ( public accus]s4 ,socrates acts wick$ly1 & is crim9ally curi\s 9 se>*+ into ?+s "u ! e>?1 & 9 ! heav5s1 & 9 mak+ ! worse appe> ! bett] cause1 & 9 tea*+ ^! same ?+s to o!rs4 ,su* is ! accusation3 = su* ?+s y h y\rselves se5 9 ! com$y ( ,ari/ophanes1 "o ,socrates !re c>ri$ ab\t1 say+ t he walks 9 ! air1 & act+ _m o!r buffoon]ies1 ( :i* ,i und]/& no?+ :atev]4 ,nor d ,i say ?is z disp>ag+ su* a sci5ce1 if !re be any "o skill$ 9 su* ?+s1 only let me n be prosecut$ by ,melitus on a *>ge ( ?is k9d2 b ,i say x1 ,o ,a!nians6 because ,i h no?+ to d ) su* matt]s4 ,& ,i call ^u mo/ ( y z witnesses ( ?is1 & require y to in=m & tell ea* o!r1 z _m ( y z h ev] he>d me conv]s+2 & !re are _m su* among y4 ,!re=e tell ea* o!r1 if any "o ( y has ev] he>d me conv]s+ little or mu* on su* subjects4 ,& f ?is y w "k t o!r ?+s also1 :i* ! multitude ass]t ( me1 are ( a simil> nature4 #d4 ,h[ev] n "o ( ^! ?+s is true2 nor1 if y h he>d f any "o t ,i attempt to tea* m51 & require paym5t1 is ?is true4 ,?\gh ?is1 inde$1 appe>s to me to be an honorable ?+1 if "o %\ld be able to in/ruct m51 l ,gorgias ! ,leont9e1 ,prodicus ! ,cean1 & ,hippias ! ,elean4 ,= ea* ( ^!1 ,o ,a!nians6 is able1 by go+ ?r\gh ! sev]al cities1 to p]suade ! "y m51 :o c atta* !mselves gratuit\sly to su* ( _! own fell[-citiz5s z !y please1 to ab&on _! fell[-citiz5s & associate ) !m1 giv+ !m money & ?anks besides4 ,!re is also ano!r wise man "h1 a ,p>ian1 :o1 ,i he>1 is /ay+ 9 ! city4 ,= ,i happ5$ to visit a p]son :o sp5ds m money on ! sophi/s ?an all o!rs toge!r3 ,i mean ,callias1 son ( ,hipponicus4 ,i !re=e ask$ him1 = he has two sons1 ,callias1 ,i said1 if y\r two sons 7 colts or calves1 we %\ld h _h to *oose a ma/] = !m1 & hire a p]son :o w\ld make !m excel 9 su* qualities z belong to _! nature2 & he w\ld h be5 a groom or an agricultural labor]4 ,b n[1 s9ce y\r sons are m51 :at ma/] d y int5d to *oose = !m8 ,:o is !re skill$ 9 ! qualities t become a man & a citiz58 ,= ,i suppose y mu/ h consid]$ ?is1 s9ce y h sons4 ,is !re any "o1 ,i said1 or n8 ,c]ta9ly1 he answ]$4 ,:o is he8 said ,i1 & :5ce does he come8 & on :at t]ms does he tea*8 ,he repli$1 ,ev5us ! ,p>ian1 ,socrates1 = five m9ae4 ,& ,i deem$ ,ev5us happy1 if he really possesses ?is art1 & tea*es admirably4 ,& ,i too %\ld ?9k highly ( myself1 & be v pr\d1 if ,i possess$ ?is k1 b ,i possess x n1 ,o ,a!nians4 #e4 ,p]haps1 "o ( y may n[ object3 ,b1 ,socrates1 :at h y done1 !n8 ,:5ce h ^! calumnies aga9/ y aris58 ,= surely if y _h n busi$ y\rself m ?an o!rs1 su* a report & /ory w\ld nev] h got abroad1 unless y _h done some?+ diff]5t f :at mo/ m5 d4 ,tell u1 !re=e1 :at x is1 t we may n pass a ha/y judgm5t on y4 ,he :o speaks ?us appe>s to me to speak ju/ly1 & ,i w endeavor to %[ y :at x is t has occasion$ me ?is "* & imputation4 ,li/51 !n3 to "s ( y p]haps ,i %all appe> to je/1 yet be assur$ t ,i %all tell y ! :ole tru?4 ,= ,i1 ,o ,a!nians6 h acquir$ ?is "* ?r\gh no?+ else ?an a c]ta9 wisdom4 ,( :at k9d1 !n1 is ?is wisdom8 ,p]haps x is m]ely human wisdom4 ,= 9 ?is1 9 tru?1 ,i appe> to be wise4 ,!y probably1 :om ,i h j n[ m5tion$1 possess$ a wisdom m ?an human1 o!rwise ,i "k n :at to say ab\t x2 = ,i am n acqua9t$ ) x1 & :osoev] says ,i am1 speaks falsely1 & = ! purpose ( calumniat+ me4 ,b1 ,o ,a!nians6 d n cry out aga9/ me1 ev5 ?\gh ,i %\ld seem to y to speak some:at arrogantly4 ,= ! acc\nt :i* ,i am go+ to give y is n my own2 b ,i %all ref] to an au?ority :om y w deem wor?y ( cr$it4 ,= ,i %all adduce to y ! god at ,delphi z a witness ( my wisdom1 if ,i h any1 & ( :at x is4 ,y d\btless "k ,*repho3 he 0 my associate f y\?1 & ! associate ( mo/ ( y2 he accompani$ y 9 y\r late exile1 & return$ ) y4 ,y "k1 !n1 :at k9d ( a man ,*repho 01 h[ e>ne/ 9 :atev] he und]took4 ,hav+ once gone to ,delphi1 he v5tur$ to make ! foll[+ inquiry ( ! oracle 7&1 z ,i said1 ,o ,a!nians6 d n cry out71 = he ask$ if !re 0 any "o wis] ?an ,i4 ,! ,py?ian !reupon answ]$ t !re 0 n "o wis]2 & ( ?is1 8 bro!r "h w give y pro(s1 s9ce he himself is dead4 #f4 ,consid]1 !n1 :y ,i m5tion ^! ?+s3 x is because ,i am go+ to %[ y :5ce ! calumny aga9/ me arose4 ,= :5 ,i he>d ?is1 ,i reason$ ?us ) myself1 ,:at does ! god mean8 ,:at enigma is ?is8 ,= ,i am n consci\s to myself t ,i am wise1 ei!r mu* or little4 ,:at1 !n1 does he mean by say+ t ,i am ! wise/8 ,= assur$ly he does n speak falsely3 t he c\ld n d4 ,& = a long "t ,i 0 9 d\bt :at he meant2 aft]w>d1 ) consid]able difficulty1 ,i _h rec\rse to ! foll[+ me?od ( se>*+ out 8 mean+4 ,i w5t to "o ( ^? :o h ! "* ( be+ wise1 ?9k+ t !re1 if any:]e1 ,i %\ld confute ! oracle1 & %[ 9 answ] to ! response t ,?is man is wis] ?an ,i1 ?\gh y affirm$ t ,i 0 ! wise/4 ,hav+1 !n1 exam9$ ?is man 7= !re is no occasion to m5tion 8 "n2 he 01 h[ev]1 "o ( our great politicians1 9 exam9+ :om ,i felt z ,i proce$ to describe1 ,o ,a!nians671 hav+ fall5 into conv]sation ) him1 ?is man appe>$ to be wise 9 ! op9ion ( mo/ o!r m51 & especially 9 8 own op9ion1 ?\gh 9 fact he 0 n s4 ,i !reupon endeavor$ to %[ him t he fanci$ himself to be wise1 b really 0 n4 ,h5ce ,i became odi\s1 bo? to him & to _m o!rs :o 7 pres5t4 ,:5 ,i left him1 ,i reason$ ?us ) myself3 ,i am wis] ?an ?is man1 = nei!r ( u appe>s to "k any?+ great & good2 b he fancies he kn[s some?+1 al?\gh he kn[s no?+2 :]eas ,i1 z ,i d n "k any?+1 s ,i d n fancy ,i d4 ,9 ?is trifl+ p>ticul>1 !n1 ,i appe> to be wis] ?an he1 because ,i d n fancy ,i "k :at ,i d n "k4 ,aft] t ,i w5t to ano!r :o 0 ?\ght to be wis] ?an ! =m]1 & =m$ ! v same op9ion4 ,h5ce ,i became odi\s to him & to _m o!rs4 #g4 ,aft] ?is ,i w5t to o!rs 9 turn1 p]ceiv+ inde$1 & griev+ & al>m$1 t ,i 0 mak+ myself odi\s2 h[ev]1 x appe>$ necess>y to reg>d ! oracle ( ! god z ( ! greate/ mom5t1 & t1 9 ord] to discov] its mean+1 ,i mu/ g to all :o _h ! reputation ( possess+ any k4 ,& by ! dog1 ,o ,a!nians6 = ,i mu/ tell y ! tru?1 ,i came to "s su* conclusion z ?is3 ^? :o bore ! highe/ reputation appe>$ to me to be mo/ defici5t1 9 my rese>*es 9 ob$i5ce to ! god1 & o!rs :o 7 consid]$ inf]ior m ne>ly approa*+ to ! possession ( und]/&+4 ,b ,i mu/ relate to y my w&]+1 & ! labors :i* ,i und]w5t1 9 ord] t ! oracle might prove incontrov]tible4 ,= aft] ! politicians ,i w5t to ! poets1 z well ! tragic z ! di?yrambic & o!rs1 expect+ t "h ,i %\ld 9 v fact f9d myself m ignorant ?an !y4 ,tak+ up1 !re=e1 "s ( _! poems1 :i* appe>$ to me mo/ elaborately f9i%$1 ,i que/ion$ !m z to _! mean+1 t at ! same "t ,i might le>n some?+ f !m4 ,i am a%am$1 ,o ,a!nians6 to tell y ! tru?2 h[ev]1 x mu/ be told4 ,=1 9 a ^w1 almo/ all :o 7 pres5t c\ld h giv5 a bett] acc\nt ( !m ?an ^? by :om !y _h be5 compos$4 ,i soon discov]$ ?is1 !re=e1 ) reg>d to ! poets1 t !y d n effect _! object by wisdom1 b by a c]ta9 natural inspiration1 & "u ! influ5ce ( en?usiasm1 l prophets & se]s2 = ^! also say _m f9e ?+s1 b !y und]/& no?+ t !y say4 ,! poets appe>$ to me to be affect$ 9 a simil> mann]2 & at ! same "t ,i p]ceiv$ t !y consid]$ !mselves1 on acc\nt ( _! poetry1 to be ! wise/ ( m5 9 o!r ?+s1 9 :i* !y 7 n4 ,i left !m1 !re=e1 "u ! p]suasion t ,i 0 sup]ior to !m1 9 ! same way t ,i 0 to ! politicians4 #h4 ,at la/1 !re=e1 ,i w5t to ! artisans4 ,= ,i 0 consci\s to myself t ,i knew sc>cely any?+1 b ,i 0 sure t ,i %\ld f9d !m possess$ ( mu* beautiful k4 ,& 9 ?is ,i 0 n deceiv$2 = !y knew ?+s :i* ,i did n1 & 9 ?is respect !y 7 wis] ?an ,i4 ,b1 ,o ,a!nians6 ev5 ! be/ workm5 appe>$ to me to h fall5 into ! same error z ! poets2 = ea*1 because he excell$ 9 ! practice ( 8 art1 ?\ght t he 0 v wise 9 o!r mo/ important matt]s1 & ?is mi/ake ( !irs obscur$ ! wisdom t !y really possess$4 ,i !re=e ask$ myself1 9 behalf ( ! oracle1 :e!r ,i %\ld pref] to cont9ue z ,i am1 possess+ none1 ei!r ( _! wisdom or _! ignorance1 or to h bo? z !y h4 ,i answ]$1 !re=e1 to myself & to ! oracle1 t x 0 bett] = me to cont9ue z ,i am4 #i4 ,f ?is inve/igation1 !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 _m enmities h aris5 aga9/ me1 & ^? ! mo/ griev\s & sev]e1 s t _m calumnies h sprung f !m1 & among !m ?is appellation ( be+ wise2 = ^? :o are f "t to "t pres5t ?9k t ,i am wise 9 ^? ?+s1 ) respect to :i* ,i expose ! ignorance ( o!rs4 ,! god1 h[ev]1 ,o ,a!nians6 appe>s to be really wise1 & to mean ?is by 8 oracle3 t human wisdom is wor? little or no?+2 & x is cle> t he did n say ?is to ,socrates1 b made use ( my "n1 putt+ me =w>d z an example1 z if he _h said1 t man is ! wise/ among y1 :o1 l ,socrates1 kn[s t he is 9 reality wor? no?+ ) respect to wisdom4 ,/ill1 !re=e1 ,i g ab\t & se>* & inquire into ^! ?+s1 9 ob$i5ce to ! god1 bo? among citiz5s & /rang]s1 if ,i ?9k any "o ( !m is wise2 & :5 he appe>s to me n to be s1 ,i take ! "p ( ! god1 & %[ t he is n wise4 ,&1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is occupation1 ,i h no leisure to att5d 9 any consid]able degree to ! affairs ( ! /ate or my own2 b ,i am 9 ! greate/ pov]ty ?r\gh my devotion to ! s]vice ( ! god4 #aj4 ,9 addition to ?is1 "y m51 :o h mu* leisure & belong to ! weal?ie/ families1 foll[+ me ( _! own accord1 take great delight 9 he>+ m5 put to ! te/1 & (t5 imitate me1 & !mselves attempt to put o!rs to ! te/2 & !n1 ,i ?9k1 !y f9d a great abundance ( m5 :o fancy !y "k some?+1 al?\gh !y "k little or no?+4 ,h5ce ^? :o are put to ! te/ by !m are angry ) me1 & n ) !m1 & say t !re is "o ,socrates1 a mo/ pe/il5t fell[1 :o corrupts ! y\?4 ,& :5 any "o asks !m by do+ or tea*+ :at1 !y h no?+ to say1 = !y d n "k2 b1 t !y may n seem to be at a loss1 !y say su* ?+s z are ready at h& aga9/ all philosoph]s2 t he se>*es into ?+s 9 heav5 & ?+s "u ! e>?1 t he does n believe !re are gods1 & t he makes ! worse appe> ! bett] reason4 ,= !y w\ld n1 ,i ?9k1 be will+ to tell ! tru? t !y h be5 detect$ 9 pret5d+ to possess k1 :]eas !y "k no?+4 ,!re=e1 ,i ?9k1 be+ ambitions & vehem5t & num]\s1 & speak+ sy/ematically & p]suasively ab\t me1 !y h fill$ y\r e>s1 = a long "t & dilig5tly calumniat+ me4 ,f among ^!1 ,melitus1 ,anytus & ,lycon h attack$ me2 ,melitus be+ angry on acc\nt ( ! poets1 ,anytus on acc\nt ( ! artisans & politicians1 & ,lycon on acc\nt ( ! rhetoricians4 ,s t1 z ,i said 9 ! beg9n+1 ,i %\ld wond] if ,i 7 able 9 s %ort a "t to remove f y\r m9ds a calumny t has prevail$ s long4 ,?is1 ,o ,a!nians6 is ! tru?2 & ,i speak x )\t conceal+ or disguis+ any?+ f y1 mu* or little2 ?\gh ,i v well "k t by s do+ ,i %all expose myself to odium4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a pro( t ,i speak ! tru?1 & t ?is is ! nature ( ! calumny aga9/ me1 & t ^! are its causes4 ,& if y w inve/igate ! matt]1 ei!r n[ or h]eaft]1 y w f9d x to be s4 #aa4 ,) respect1 !n1 to ! *>ges :i* my fir/ accus]s h alleg$ aga9/ me1 let ?is be a suffici5t apology to y4 ,to ,melitus1 t good & patriotic man1 z he says1 & to my lat] accus]s1 ,i w next endeavor to give an answ]2 & "h1 aga91 z !re are diff]5t accus]s1 let u take up _! deposition4 ,x is pretty mu* z foll[s3 ,socrates1 x says1 acts unju/ly 9 corrupt+ ! y\?1 & 9 n believ+ 9 ^? gods 9 :om ! city believes1 b 9 o!r /range div9ities4 ,su* is ! accusation2 let u exam9e ea* p>ticul> ( x4 ,x says t ,i act unju/ly 9 corrupt+ ! y\?4 ,b ,i1 ,o ,a!nians6 say t ,melitus acts unju/ly1 because he je/s on s]i\s subjects1 ra%ly putt+ m5 ^u trial1 "u pret5se ( be+ zeal\s & solicit\s ab\t ?+s 9 :i* he nev] at any "t took any conc]n4 ,b t ?is is ! case ,i w endeavor to prove to y4 #ab4 ,come1 !n1 ,melitus1 tell me1 d y n consid] x ( ! greate/ importance t ! y\? %\ld be made z virtu\s z possible8 ,mel4 ,i d4 ,socr4 ,well1 n[1 tell ! judges :o x is t makes !m bett]1 = x is evid5t t y "k1 s9ce x conc]ns y s mu*2 =1 hav+ detect$ me 9 corrupt+ !m1 z y say1 y h cit$ me "h1 & accus$ me3 come1 !n1 say1 & in=m ! judges :o x is t makes !m bett]4 ,d y see1 ,melitus1 t y are sil5t1 & h no?+ to say8 ,b does x n appe> to y to be disgraceful1 & a suffici5t pro( ( :at ,i say1 t y nev] took any conc]n ab\t ! matt]8 ,b tell me1 fri5d1 :o makes !m bett]8 ,mel4 ,! laws4 ,socr4 ,i d n ask ?is1 mo/ excell5t sir1 b :at man1 :o surely mu/ fir/ "k ?is v ?+1 ! laws8 ,mel4 ,^!1 ,socrates1 ! judges4 ,socr4 ,h[ say y1 ,melitus8 ,are ^! able to in/ruct ! y\?1 & make !m bett]8 ,mel4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,socr4 ,:e!r all1 or "s ( !m1 & o!rs n8 ,mel4 ,all4 ,socr4 ,y say well1 by ,juno6 & h f\nd a great abundance ( ^? t conf] b5efit4 ,b :at fur!r8 ,c ^! he>]s make !m bett]1 or n8 ,mel4 ,!y1 too1 c4 ,socr4 ,& :at ( ! s5ators8 ,mel4 ,! s5ators1 also4 ,socr4 ,b1 ,melitus1 d ^? :o att5d ! public assemblies corrupt ! y\ng] m58 or d !y all make !m bett]8 ,mel4 ,!y too4 ,socr4 ,all ! ,a!nians1 !re=e1 z x seems1 make !m honorable & good1 except me2 b ,i alone corrupt !m4 ,d y say s8 ,mel4 ,i d ass]t ?is v ?+4 ,socr4 ,y *>ge me ) great ill-=tune4 ,b answ] me3 does x appe> to y to be ! same1 ) respect to horses8 ,d all m5 make !m bett]1 & is !re only "s "o t spoils !m8 or does q ! contr>y ( ?is take place8 ,is !re "s "o p]son :o c make !m bett]1 or v few2 t is1 ! tra9]s8 ,b if ! g5]ality ( m5 %\ld m$dle ) & make use ( horses1 d !y spoil !m8 ,is n ?is ! case1 ,melitus1 bo? ) respect to horses & all o!r animals8 ,x c]ta9ly is s1 :e!r y & ,anytus d5y x or n4 ,= x w\ld be a great good-=tune = ! y\? if only "o p]son corrupt$1 & ! re/ b5efit$ !m4 ,h[ev]1 ,melitus1 y h suffici5tly %[n t y nev] be/[$ any c>e ^u y\?2 & y cle>ly ev9ce y\r own neglig5ce1 9 t y h nev] paid any att5tion to ! ?+s ) respect to :i* y accuse me4 #ac4 ,tell u fur!r1 ,melitus1 9 ! "n ( ,jupit]1 :e!r is x bett] to dwell ) good or bad citiz5s8 ,answ]1 my fri5d2 = ,i ask y no?+ difficult4 ,d n ! bad "w "s evil to ^? t are cont9ually ne> !m1 b ! good "s good8 ,mel4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,socr4 ,is !re any "o t wi%es to be injur$ r ?an b5efit$ by 8 associates8 ,answ]1 good man2 = ! law requires y to answ]4 ,is !re any "o :o wi%es to be injur$8 ,mel4 ,no1 surely4 ,socr4 ,come1 !n1 :e!r d y accuse me "h1 z "o t corrupts ! y\?1 & makes !m m deprav$1 design$ly or undesign$ly8 ,mel4 ,design$ly1 ,i say4 ,socr4 ,:at1 !n1 ,melitus1 are y at y\r "t ( life s mu* wis] ?an ,i at my "t ( life1 z to "k t ! evil are always work+ "s evil to ^? t are mo/ ne> to !m1 & ! good "s good2 b ,i h arriv$ at su* a pit* ( ignorance z n to "k t if ,i make any "o ( my associates deprav$1 ,i %all be 9 dang] ( receiv+ "s evil f him2 & yet ,i design$ly br+ ab\t ?is s great evil1 z y say8 ,9 ?is ,i c n believe y1 ,melitus1 nor d ,i ?9k w\ld any o!r man 9 ! _w4 ,b ei!r ,i d n corrupt ! y\?1 or1 if ,i d corrupt !m1 ,i d x undesign$ly3 s t 9 bo? cases y speak falsely4 ,b if ,i corrupt !m undesign$ly1 = su* involunt>y (f5ses x is n usual to accuse "o "h1 b to take "o ap>t1 & tea* & admoni% "o4 ,= x is evid5t t if ,i am taught1 ,i %all cease do+ :at ,i d undesign$ly4 ,b y %unn$ me1 & 7 n will+ to associate ) & in/ruct me2 b y accuse me "h1 :]e x is usual to accuse ^? :o ne$ puni%m5t1 & n in/ruction4 #ad4 ,?us1 !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 ?is n[ is cle> t ,i h said2 t ,melitus nev] paid any att5tion to ^! matt]s1 mu* or little4 ,h[ev]1 tell u1 ,melitus1 h[ y say ,i corrupt ! y\?8 ,is x n evid5tly1 accord+ to ! indictm5t :i* y h pref]r$1 by tea*+ !m n to believe 9 ! gods 9 :om ! city believes1 b 9 o!r /range deities8 ,d y n say t1 by tea*+ ^! ?+s1 ,i corrupt ! y\?8 ,mel4 ,c]ta9ly ,i d say s4 ,socr4 ,by ^? v gods1 !re=e1 ,melitus1 ( :om ! discussion n[ is1 speak /ill m cle>ly bo? to me & to ^! m54 ,= ,i c n und]/& :e!r y say t ,i tea* !m to believe t !re are c]ta9 gods 7& 9 t case ,i d believe t !re are gods1 & am n altoge!r an a!i/1 nor 9 ?is respect to blame71 n1 h[ev]1 ^? :i* ! city believes 91 b o!rs2 & ?is x is t y accuse me (1 t ,i introduce o!rs4 ,or d y say outright t ,i d n myself believe t !re are gods1 & t ,i tea* o!rs ! same8 ,mel4 ,i say ?is3 t y d n believe 9 any gods at all4 ,socr4 ,o wond]ful ,melitus1 h[ come y to say ?is8 ,d ,i n1 !n1 l ! re/ ( mank9d1 believe t ! sun & moon are gods8 ,mel4 ,no1 by ,jupit]1 ,o judges6 = he says t ! sun is a /one1 & ! moon an e>?4 ,socr4 ,y fancy t y are accus+ ,anaxagoras1 my de> ,melitus1 & ?us y put a slight on ^! m51 & suppose !m to be s illit]ate z n to "k t ! books ( ,anaxagoras ( ,clazom5e are full ( su* ass]tions4 ,& ! "y1 moreov]1 le>n ^! ?+s f me1 :i* !y might pur*ase = a dra*ma1 at mo/1 9 ! or*e/ra1 & s ridicule ,socrates1 if he pret5d$ !y 7 8 own1 especially s9ce !y are s absurd8 ,i ask !n1 by ,jupit]1 d ,i appe> to y to believe t !re is no god8 ,mel4 ,no1 by ,jupit]1 none :atev]4 ,socr4 ,y say :at is incr$ible1 ,melitus1 & t1 z appe>s to me1 ev5 to y\rself4 ,= ?is man1 ,o ,a!nians6 appe>s to me to be v insol5t & intemp]ate & to h pref]r$ ?is indictm5t ?r\gh d[nright insol5ce1 intemp]ance1 & wantonness4 ,= he seems1 z x 71 to h compos$ an enigma = ! purpose ( mak+ an exp]im5t4 ,:e!r w ,socrates ! wise "k t ,i am je/+1 & contradict myself1 or %all ,i deceive him & all :o he> me8 ,=1 9 my op9ion1 he cle>ly contradicts himself 9 ! indictm5t1 z if he %\ld say1 ,socrates is guilty ( wrong 9 n believ+ t !re are gods1 & 9 believ+ t !re are gods4 ,& ?is1 surely1 is ! act ( "o :o is trifl+4 #ae4 ,consid] ) me n[1 ,a!nians1 9 :at respect he appe>s to me to say s4 ,& d y1 ,melitus1 answ] me2 & d ye1 z ,i bes\ght y at ! outset1 rememb] n to make an upro> if ,i speak aft] my usual mann]4 ,is !re any man1 ,melitus1 :o believes t !re are human affairs1 b does n believe t !re are m58 ,let him answ]1 judges1 & n make s mu* noise4 ,is !re any "o :o does n believe t !re are horses1 b t !re are ?+s p]ta9+ to horses8 or :o does n believe t !re are pip]s1 b t !re are ?+s p]ta9+ to pipes8 ,!re is n1 ,o be/ ( m56 = s9ce y are n will+ to answ]1 ,i say x to y & to all "h pres5t4 ,b answ] to ?is at lea/3 is !re any "o :o believes t !re are ?+s relat+ to demons1 b does n believe t !re are demons8 ,mel4 ,!re is n4 ,socr4 ,h[ oblig+ y are 9 hav+ h>dly answ]$2 ?\gh compell$ by ^! judges6 ,y ass]t1 !n1 t ,i d believe & tea* ?+s relat+ to demons1 :e!r !y be new or old2 !re=e1 accord+ to y\r admission1 ,i d believe 9 ?+s relat+ to demons1 & ?is y h sworn 9 ! bill ( indictm5t4 ,if1 !n1 ,i believe 9 ?+s relat+ to demons1 !re is surely an absolute necessity t ,i %\ld believe t !re are demons4 ,is x n s8 ,x is4 ,= ,i suppose y to ass5t1 s9ce y d n answ]4 ,b ) respect to demons1 d we n all[ t !y are gods1 or ! *ildr5 ( gods8 ,d y admit ?is or n8 ,mel4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,socr4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,i all[ t !re are demons1 z y admit1 if demons are a k9d ( gods1 ?is is ! po9t 9 :i* ,i say y speak enigmatically & div]t y\rself 9 say+ t ,i d n all[ !re are gods1 & aga9 t ,i d all[ !re are1 s9ce ,i all[ t !re are demons8 ,b if demons are ! *ildr5 ( gods1 spuri\s ones1 ei!r f nymphs or any o!rs1 ( :om !y are report$ to be1 :at man c ?9k t !re are sons ( gods1 & yet t !re are n gods8 ,= x w\ld be j z absurd z if any "o %\ld ?9k t !re are mules1 ! (fspr+ ( horses & asses1 b %\ld n ?9k !re are horses & asses4 ,h[ev]1 ,melitus1 x c n be o!rwise ?an t y h pref]r$ ?is indictm5t = ! purpose ( try+ me1 or because y 7 at a loss :at real crime to allege aga9/ me2 = t y %\ld p]suade any man :o has ! smalle/ degree ( s5se t ! same p]son c ?9k t !re are ?+s relat+ to demons & to gods1 & yet t !re are nei!r demons1 nor gods1 n h]oes1 is utt]ly impossible4 #af4 ,t ,i am n guilty1 !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 accord+ to ! indictm5t ( ,melitus1 appe>s to me n to require a l5g!n$ def5se2 b :at ,i h said is suffici5t4 ,& z to :at ,i said at ! beg9n+1 t !re is a great enmity t[>d me among ! multitude1 be assur$ x is true4 ,& ?is x is :i* w condemn me1 if ,i am condemn$1 n ,melitus1 nor ,anytus1 b ! calumny & envy ( ! multitude1 :i* h already condemn$ _m o!rs1 & ^? good m51 & w1 ,i ?9k1 condemn o!rs also2 = !re is no dang] t x w /op ) me4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 "s "o may say1 ,are y n a%am$1 ,socrates1 to h pursu$ a /udy f :i* y are n[ 9 dang] ( dy+8 ,to su* a p]son ,i %\ld answ] ) good reason1 ,y d n say well1 fri5d1 if y ?9k t a man1 :o is ev5 ( ! lea/ value1 ought to take into ! acc\nt ! risk ( life or dea?1 & ought n to consid] t alone :5 be p]=ms any action1 :e!r he is act+ ju/ly or unju/ly1 & ! "p ( a good man or bad man4 ,=1 accord+ to y\r reason+1 all ^? demi-gods t di$ at ,troy w\ld be vile *>act]s1 z well all ! re/ z ! son ( ,!tis1 :o s f> despis$ dang] 9 comp>ison ( submitt+ to disgrace1 t :5 8 "m1 :o 0 a goddess1 spoke to him1 9 8 impati5ce to kill ,hector1 some?+ to ?is effect1 z ,i ?9k1#b ,my son1 if y rev5ge ! dea? ( y\r fri5d ,patroclus1 & slay ,hector1 y w y\rself die1 =1 %e said1 dea? awaits y imm$iately aft] ,hector2 b he1 on he>+ ?is1 despis$ dea? & dang]1 & dread+ mu* m to live z a c[>d1 & n av5ge 8 fri5d1 said1 ,may ,i die imm$iately :5 ,i h inflict$ puni%m5t on ! guilty1 t ,i may n /ay "h an object ( ridicule1 by ! curv$ %ips1 a burd5 to ! gr\nd8--d y ?9k t he c>$ = dea? & dang]8 ,= ?us x is1 ,o ,a!nians6 9 tru?3 :]ev] any "o has po/$ himself1 ei!r ?9k+ x to be bett]1 or has be5 po/$ by 8 *ief1 !re1 z x appe>s to me1 he ought to rema9 & meet dang]1 tak+ no acc\nt ei!r ( dea? or any?+ else 9 comp>ison ) disgrace4 #ag4 ,i !n %\ld be act+ /rangely1 ,o ,a!nians6 if1 :5 ! g5]als :om y *ose to comm& me assign$ me my po/ at ,potida1 at ,amphipolis1 & at ,delium1 ,i !n rema9$ :]e !y po/$ me1 l any o!r p]son1 & enc\nt]$ ! dang] ( dea?2 b :5 ! deity1 z ,i ?\ght & believ$1 assign$ x z my duty to pass my life 9 ! /udy ( philosophy1 & exam9+ myself & o!rs1 ,i %\ld on t occasion1 ?r\gh fe> ( dea? or any ?+ else :atsoev]1 des]t my po/1 /range inde$ w\ld x be2 & !n1 9 tru?1 any "o might ju/ly br+ me to trial1 & accuse me ( n believ+ 9 ! gods1 f disobey+ ! oracle1 fe>+ dea?1 & ?9k+ myself to be wise :5 ,i am n4 ,= to fe> dea?1 ,o ,a!nians6 is no?+ else ?an to appe> to be wise1 )\t be+ s2 = x is to appe> to "k :at "o does n "k4 ,= no "o kn[s b t dea? is ! greate/ ( all good to man2 b m5 fe> x1 z if !y well knew t x is ! greate/ ( evils4 ,& h[ is n ?is ! mo/ repreh5sible ignorance1 to ?9k t "o kn[s :at "o does n "k8 ,b ,i1 ,o ,a!nians6 9 ?is1 p]haps1 diff] f mo/ m52 & if ,i %\ld say t ,i am 9 any ?+ wis] ?an ano!r1 x w\ld be 9 ?is1 t n hav+ a compet5t k ( ! ?+s 9 ,hades1 ,i also ?9k t ,i h n su* k4 ,b to act unju/ly1 & to disobey my sup]ior1 :e!r ,god or man1 ,i "k is evil & base4 ,i %all nev]1 !re=e1 fe> or %un ?+s :i*1 = aught ,i "k1 maybe good1 be=e evils :i* ,i "k to be evils4 ,s t1 ev5 if y %\ld n[ dismiss me1 n yield+ to ! in/ances ( ,anytus1 :o said t ei!r ,i %\ld n#c appe> "h at all1 or t1 if ,i did appe>1 x 0 impossible n to put me to dea?1 tell+ y t if ,i escap$1 y\r sons1 /udy+ :at ,socrates tea*es1 w\ld all be utt]ly corrupt$2 if y %\ld address me ?us1 ,socrates1 we %all n n[ yield to ,anytus1 b dismiss y1 on ?is condition1 h[ev]1 t y no long] p]sev]e 9 y\r rese>*es nor /udy philosophy2 & if h]eaft] y are detect$ 9 s do+1 y %all die--if1 z ,i said1 y %\ld dismiss1 me on ^! t]ms1 ,i %\ld say to y1 ,o ,a!nians6 ,i honor & love y2 b ,i %all obey ,god r ?an y2 & s long z ,i brea! & am able1 ,i %all n cease /udy+ philosophy1 & exhort+ y & w>n+ any "o ( y ,i may happ5 to meet1 say+1 z ,i h be5 accu/om$ to d3 ',o be/ ( m56 see+ y are an ,a!nian1 ( a city ! mo/ p[]ful & mo/ r5[n$ = wisdom & /r5g?1 are y n a%am$ ( be+ c>eful = ri*es1 h[ y may acquire !m 9 greate/ abundance1 & = glory1 & honor1 b c>e n nor take any ?\ght = wisdom & tru?1 & = y\r s\l1 h[ x maybe made mo/ p]fect8' ,& if any "o ( y %\ld "q my ass]tion1 & affirm t he does c>e = ^! ?+s1 ,i %all n at once let him g1 nor dep>t1 b ,i %all "q him1 sift & prove him4 ,& if he %\ld appe> to me n to possess virtue1 b to pret5d t he does1 ,i %all reproa* him = t he sets ! lea/ value on ?+s ( ! greate/ wor?1 b ! highe/ on ?+s t are wor?less4 ,?us ,i %all act to all :om ,i meet1 bo? "y & old1 /rang] & citiz51 b r to y1 my fell[-citiz5s1 because ye are m ne>ly alli$ to me4 ,= be well assur$1 ?is ! deity comm&s4 ,& ,i ?9k t no great] good has ev] befall5 y 9 ! city ?an my zeal = ! s]vice ( ! god4 ,= ,i g ab\t do+ no?+ else ?an p]suad+ y1 bo? "y & old1 to take no c>e ei!r = ! body1 or = ri*es1 prior to or s mu* z = ! s\l1 h[ x may be made mo/ p]fect1 tell+ y t virtue does n spr+ f ri*es1 b ri*es & all o!r human bless+s1 bo? private & public1 f virtue4 ,if1 !n1 by say+ ^! ?+s1 ,i corrupt ! y\?1 ^! ?+s mu/ be mis*iev\s2 b if any "o says t ,i speak o!r ?+s ?an ^!1 he misleads y4#d ,!re=e ,i mu/ say1 ,o ,a!nians6 ei!r yield to ,anytus1 or d n1 ei!r dismiss me or n1 s9ce ,i %all n act o!rwise1 ev5 ?\gh ,i mu/ die _m dea?s4 #ah4 ,murmur n1 ,o ,a!nians6 b cont9ue to att5d to my reque/1 n to murmur at :at ,i say1 b to li/51 =1 z ,i ?9k1 y w d]ive b5efit f li/5+4 ,= ,i am go+ to say o!r ?+s to y1 at :i*1 p]haps1 y w raise a clamor2 b on no acc\nt d s4 ,be well assur$1 !n1 if y put me to dea?1 be+ su* a man z ,i say ,i am1 y w n injure me m ?an y\rselves4 ,= nei!r w ,melitus nor ,anytus h>m me2 nor h !y ! p[]2 = ,i d n ?9k t x is possible = a bett] man to be injur$ by a worse4 ,he may p]haps h me condemn$ to dea?1 or bani%$1 or depriv$ ( civil rights2 & he or o!rs may p]haps consid] ^! z mighty evils2 ,i1 h[ ev]1 d n consid] !m s1 b t x is mu* m s to d :at he is n[ do+1 to endeavor to put a man to dea? unju/ly4 ,n[1 !re=e1 ,o ,a!nians6 ,i am f> f mak+ a def5se on my behalf1 z any "o might ?9k1 b ,i d s on y\r own behalf1 le/ by condemn+ me y %\ld (f5d at all ) respect to ! gift ( ! deity to y4 ,=1 if y %\ld put me to dea?1 y w n easily f9d su* ano!r1 ?\gh x may be ridicul\s to say s1 altoge!r atta*$ by ! deity to ?is city z to a p[]ful & g5]\s horse1 some:at sluggi% f 8 size1 & requir+ to be r\s$ by a gad-fly2 s ! deity appe>s to h unit$ me1 be+ su* a p]son z ,i am1 to ! city1 t ,i may r\se y1 & p]suade & reprove e "o ( y1 nor ev] cease besett+ y ?r\gh\t ! :ole day4 ,su* ano!r man1 ,o ,a!nians6 w n easily be f\nd2 !re=e1 if y w take my advice1 y w sp>e me4 ,b y1 p]haps1 be+ irritat$ l dr[sy p]sons :o are r\s$ f sleep1 w /rike me1 &1 yield+ to ,anytus1 w un?9k+ly condemn me to dea?2 & !n y w pass ! re/ ( y\r life 9 sleep1 unless ! deity1 c>+ = y1 %\ld s5d "s "o else to y4 ,b t ,i am a p]son :o has be5 giv5 by ! deity to ?is city1 y may disc]n f h5ce2 = x is n l ! ord9>y conduct ( m51 t ,i %\ld h neglect$ all my own affairs1 & suff]$ my private int]e/ to be neglect$ = s _m ye>s1 & t ,i %\ld con/antly att5d to y\r conc]ns1 address+ myself to ea* ( y sep>ately1 l a fa!r1 or eld] bro!r1 p]suad+ y to ! pursuit ( virtue4 ,& if ,i _h d]iv$ any pr(it f ?is c\rse1 & _h receiv$ pay = my exhortations1 !re w\ld h be5 "s reason = my conduct2 b n[ y see y\rselves t my accus]s1 :o h s %amelessly calumniat$ me 9 ev]y?+ else1 h n _h ! impud5ce to *>ge me ) ?is1 & to br+ witnesses to prove t ,i ev] ei!r exact$ or dem&$ any rew>d4 ,& ,i ?9k ,i produce a suffici5t pro( t ,i speak ! tru?1 namely1 my pov]ty4 #ai4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 x may appe> absurd t ,i1 go+ ab\t1 ?us advise y 9 private & make myself busy1 b nev] v5ture to pres5t myself 9 public be=e y\r assemblies & give advice to ! city4 ,! cause ( ?is is t :i* y h (t5 & 9 _m places he>d me m5tion2 because ,i am mov$ by a c]ta9 div9e & spiritual influ5ce1 :i* also ,melitus1 ?r\gh mock]y1 has set out 9 ! indictm5t4 ,?is began ) me f *ildhood1 be+ a k9d ( voice :i*1 :5 pres5t1 always div]ts me f :at ,i am ab\t to d1 b nev] urges me on4 ,?is x is :i* oppos$ my m$dl+ 9 public politics2 & x appe>s to me to h oppos$ me v prop]ly4 ,= be well assur$1 ,o ,a!nians6 if ,i _h long s9ce attempt$ to int]m$dle ) politics1 ,i %\ld h p]i%$ long ago1 & %\ld n h at all b5efit$ y or myself4 ,& be n angry ) me = speak+ ! tru?4 ,= x is n possible t any man %\ld be safe :o s9c]ely opposes ei!r y1 or any o!r multitude1 & :o prev5ts _m unju/ & illegal actions f be+ committ$ 9 a city2 b x is necess>y t he :o 9 e>ne/ cont5ds = ju/ice1 if he w be safe = b a %ort "t1 %\ld live privately1 & take no "p 9 public affairs4 #bj4 ,i w give y /rong pro(s ( ?is1 n words1 b :at y value1 facts4 ,he>1 !n1 :at has happ5$ to me1 t y may "k t ,i w\ld n yield to any "o contr>y to :at is j1 ?r\gh fe> ( dea?1 at ! same "t by n yield+ ,i mu/ p]i%4 ,i %all tell y :at w be displeas+ & we>isome1#e yet true4 ,= ,i1 ,o ,a!nians6 nev] bore any o!r magi/]ial (fice 9 ! city1 b h be5 a s5ator3 & our ,antio*ean tribe happ5$ to supply ! ,prytanes :5 y *ose to condemn 9 a body ! t5 g5]als :o _h n tak5 (f ^? t p]i%$ 9 ! sea-fight1 9 violation ( ! law1 z y aft]w>d all ?\ght4 ,at t "t ,i alone ( ! ,prytanes oppos$ y\r do+ any?+ contr>y to ! laws1 & ,i vot$ aga9/ y2 & :5 ! orators 7 ready to d5\nce me1 & to c>ry me be=e a magi/rate1 & y urg$ & *e]$ !m on1 ,i ?\ght ,i ought r to meet ! dang] ) law & ju/ice on my side1 ?an ?r\gh fe> ( imprisonm5t or dea?1 to take "p ) y 9 y\r unju/ designs4 ,& ?is happ5$ :ile ! city 0 gov]n$ by a democracy4 ,b :5 x became an olig>*y1 ! ,?irty1 hav+ s5t = me ) f\r o!rs to ! ,?olus1 ord]$ u to br+ ,leon ! ,salam9ian f ,salamis1 t he might be put to dea?2 & !y gave _m simil> ord]s to _m o!rs1 wi%+ to involve z _m z !y c\ld 9 guilt4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 ,i %[$1 n 9 ^w b 9 de$1 t ,i did n c>e = dea?1 if ! expression be n too rude1 9 ! smalle/ degree2 b t all my c>e 0 to d no?+ unju/ or unholy4 ,= t gov]nm5t1 /rong z x 01 did n s ov]awe me z to make me commit an unju/ action2 b :5 we came out f ! ,?olus1 ! f\r w5t to ,salamis1 & br\ght back ,leon2 b ,i w5t away home4 ,& p]haps = ?is ,i %\ld h be5 put to dea?1 if t gov]nm5t _h n be5 spe$ily brok5 up4 ,& ( ?is y c h _m witnesses4 #ba4 ,d y ?9k1 !n1 t ,i %\ld h surviv$ s _m ye>s if ,i _h engag$ 9 public affairs1 &1 act+ z becomes a good man1 _h aid$ ! cause ( ju/ice1 &1 z ,i ought1 _h deem$ ?is ( ! highe/ importance8 ,f> f x1 ,o ,a!nians6 nor w\ld any o!r man h done s4 ,b ,i1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( my life1 if ,i h done any?+ 9 public1 %all be f\nd to be a man1 & ! v same 9 private1 :o has nev] made a concession to any "o contr>y to ju/ice1 nei!r to any o!r1 nor to any "o ( ^! :om my calumniators say are my disciples4 ,i1 h[ev]1 0 nev] ! preceptor ( any "o2 b if any "o desir$ to he> me speak+1 & to see me busi$ ab\t my own mission1 :e!r he 7 "y or old1 ,i nev] refus$ him4 ,nor d ,i disc\rse :5 ,i receive money1 & n :5 ,i d n receive any1 b ,i all[ bo? ri* & poor alike to "q me1 &1 if any "o wi%es x1 to answ] me & he> :at ,i h to say4 ,& = ^!1 :e!r any "o proves to be a good man or n1 ,i _c ju/ly be responsible1 because ,i nev] ei!r promis$ !m any in/ruction or taught !m at all4 ,b if any "o says t he has ev] le>n$ or he>d any?+ f me 9 private :i* all o!rs h n1 be well assur$ t he does n speak ! tru?4 #bb4 ,b :y d "s delight to sp5d s long a "t ) me8 ,ye h he>d1 ,o ,a!nians6 ,i h told y ! :ole tru?1 t !y delight to he> ^? closely que/ion$ :o ?9k t !y are wise b are n2 = ?is is by no means disagreeable4 ,b ?is duty1 z ,i say1 has be5 enjo9$ me by ! deity1 by oracles1 by dreams1 & by e mode by :i* any o!r div9e decree has ev] enjo9$ any?+ to man to d4 ,^! ?+s1 ,o ,a!nians6 are bo? true1 & easily confut$ if n true4 ,= if ,i am n[ corrupt+ "s ( ! y\?s1 & h already corrupt$ o!rs1 x 7 fitt+1 surely1 t if any ( !m1 hav+ become advanc$ 9 life1 _h discov]$ t ,i gave !m bad advice :5 !y 7 "y1 !y %\ld n[ rise up aga9/ me1 accuse me1 & h me puni%$2 or if !y 7 !mselves unwill+ to d ?is1 "s ( _! k9dr$1 _! fa!rs1 or bro!rs1 or o!r relatives1 if _! k9sman h ev] su/a9$ any damage f me1 %\ld n[ call x to m9d4 ,_m ( !m1 h[ev]1 are "h pres5t1 :om ,i see3 fir/1 ,crito1 my contempor>y & fell[-burgh]1 fa!r ( ?is ,critobulus2 !n ,lysanias ( ,sphettus1 fa!r ( ?is s*9es2 aga91 ,antiphon ( ,cephisus1 fa!r ( ,epig5es4 ,!re are ^? o!rs1 too1 ^: bro!rs ma9ta9$ ! same intimacy ) me1 namely1 ,nico/ratus1 son ( ,!odotus1 bro!r ( ,!odotus--,!odotus inde$ is dead1 s t he c\ld n deprecate 8 bro!r's proce$+s--& ,p>alus "h1 son ( ,demodocus1 ^: bro!r 0 ,!ages2 & ,adimantus1 son ( ,ari/on1 ^: bro!r is ?is ,plato2 & antodorus1 ^: bro!r is ?is ,apollodorus4 ,i c\ld also m5tion _m o!rs to y1 "s "o ( :om c]ta9ly ,melitus ought to h adduc$ 9 8 spee* z a witness4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he !n =got to d s1 let him n[ adduce !m2 ,i give him leave to d s1 & let him say x1 if he has any?+ ( ! k9d to allege4 ,b1 q contr>y to ?is1 y w f9d1 ,o ,a!nians6 all ready to assi/ me1 :o h corrupt$ & injur$ _! relatives1 z ,melitus & ,anytus say4 ,= ^? :o h be5 !mselves corrupt$ might p]haps h "s reason = assi/+ me2 b ^? :o h n be5 corrupt$1 m5 n[ advanc$ 9 life1 _! relatives1 :at o!r reason c !y h = assi/+ me1 except t "r & j "o1 t !y "k t ,melitus speaks falsely1 & t ,i speak ! tru?4 #bc4 ,well1 !n1 ,a!nians1 ^! are pretty mu* ! ?+s ,i h to say 9 my def5se1 & o!rs p]haps ( ! same k9d4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 "s among y w be indignant on recollect+ 8 own case1 if he1 :5 engag$ 9 a cause f> less ?an ?is1 implor$ & bes\ght ! judges ) _m te>s1 br++ =w>d 8 *ildr5 9 ord] t he might excite _! utmo/ compassion1 & _m o!rs ( 8 relatives & fri5ds1 :]eas ,i d none ( ^! ?+s1 al?\gh ,i may appe> to be incurr+ ! extremity ( dang]4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 "s "o1 tak+ notice ( ?is1 may become m det]m9$ aga9/ me1 &1 be+ enrag$ at ?is v conduct ( m9e1 may give 8 vote "u ! influ5ce ( ang]4 ,if1 !n1 any "o ( y is ?us affect$--,i d n1 h[ev]1 suppose t !re is--b if !re %\ld be1 ,i ?9k ,i may reasonably say to him3 ,i1 too1 ,o be/ ( m51 h relatives2 =1 to make use ( t say+ ( ,hom]1 ,i am n sprung f an oak1 nor f a rock1 b f m51 s t ,i1 too1 ,o ,a!nians6 h relatives1 & ?ree sons1 "o n[ gr[n up1 & two boys3 ,i %all n1 h[ev]1 br+ any "o ( !m =w>d & implore y to acquit me4 ,:y1 !n1 %all ,i n d ?is8 ,n f contumacy1 ,o ,a!nians6 nor disrespect t[>d y4 ,:e!r or n ,i am undaunt$ at ! prospect ( dea? is ano!r "q2 b1 out ( reg>d to my own "*1 & y\rs1 & t ( ! :ole city1 x does n appe> to me to be honorable t ,i %\ld d any ?+ ( ?is k9d at my age1 & ) ! reputation ,i h1 :e!r true or false4 ,= x is commonly agre$ t ,socrates 9 "s respects excels ! g5]ality ( m54 ,if1 !n1 ^? among y :o appe> to excel ei!r 9 wisdom1 or =titude1 or any o!r virtue :atsoev]1 %\ld act 9 su* a mann] z ,i h (t5 se5 "s :5 !y h be5 br\ght to trial1 x w\ld be %ameful1 :o appe>+ inde$ to be some?+1 h conduct$ !mselves 9 a surpris+ mann]1 z ?9k+ !y %\ld suff] some?+ dreadful by dy+1 & z if !y w\ld be immortal if y did n put !m to dea?4 ,su* m5 appe> to me to br+ disgrace on ! city1 s t any /rang] might suppose t su* ( ! ,a!nians z excel 9 virtue1 & :om !y !mselves *oose 9 pref]5ce to !mselves = magi/racies & o!r honors1 are 9 no respect sup]ior to wom54 ,= ^! ?+s1 ,o ,a!nians6 nei!r ought we to d :o h atta9$ to any height ( reputation1 nor1 %\ld we d !m1 ought y to suff] u2 b y %\ld make ?is manife/1 t y w mu* r condemn him :o introduces ^! pite\s dramas1 & makes ! city ridicul\s1 ?an him :o quietly awaits y\r decision4 #bd4 ,b1 reputation ap>t1 ,o ,a!nians6 x does n appe> to me to be "r to entreat a judge1 or to escape by entreaty2 b "o ought to in=m & p]suade him4 ,= a judge does n sit = ! purpose ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice out ( favor1 b t he may judge rightly1 & he is sworn n to %[ favor to :om he pleases1 b t he w decide accord+ to ! laws4 ,x is1 !re=e1 "r t nei!r %\ld we accu/om y1 nor %\ld y accu/om y\rselves1 to violate y\r oa?s2 = 9 s do+ nei!r ( u w\ld act righte\sly4 ,?9k n !n1 ,o ,a!nians6 t ,i ought to adopt su* a c\rse t[>d y z ,i nei!r consid] honorable1 nor j1 nor holy1 z well1 by ,jupit]6 on any o!r occasion1 & n[ especially :5 ,i am accus$ ( impiety by ?is ,melitus4 ,= cle>ly1 if ,i %\ld p]suade y1 & by my entreaties %\ld put a con/ra9t on y :o are b\nd by an oa?1 ,i %\ld tea* y to ?9k t !re are no gods1 & 9 reality1 :ile mak+ my def5se1 %\ld accuse myself ( n believ+ 9 ! gods4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is f> f be+ ! case2 = ,i believe1 ,o ,a!nians6 z none ( my accus]s d1 & ,i leave x to y & to ! deity to judge conc]n+ me 9 su* way z w be be/ bo? = me & = y4 ,socrates "h concludes 8 def5se1 &1 ! votes be+ tak51 he is decl>$ guilty by a majority ( voices4 ,he !reupon resumes 8 address4 #be4 ,t ,i %\ld n be griev$1 ,o ,a!nians6 at :at has happ5$--namely1 t y h condemn$ me--z well _m o!r circum/ances concur 9 br++ to pass2 &1 moreov] ?is1 t :at has happ5$ has n happ5$ contr>y to my expectation2 b ,i mu* r wond] at ! numb] ( votes on ei!r side4 ,= ,i did n expect t ,i %\ld be condemn$ by s small a numb]1 b by a l>ge majority2 b n[1 z x seems1 if only ?ree m votes _h *ang$ sides1 ,i %\ld h be5 acquitt$4 ,s f> z ,melitus is conc]n$1 z x appe>s to me1 ,i h be5 already acquitt$2 & n only h ,i be5 acquitt$1 b x is cle> to e "o t _h n ,anytus & ,lycon come =w>d to accuse me1 he w\ld h be5 f9$ a ?\s& dra*mas1 = n hav+ obta9$ a fif? "p ( ! votes4 #bf4 ,! man1 !n1 aw>ds me ! p5alty ( dea?4 ,well4 ,b :at %all ,i1 on my "p1 ,o ,a!nians6 aw>d myself8 ,is x n cle> t x w be su* z ,i des]ve8 ,:at1 !n1 is t8 ,d ,i des]ve to suff]1 or to pay a f9e8 = t ,i h purposely dur+ my life n rema9$ quiet1 b neglect+ :at mo/ m5 seek aft]1 money-mak+1 dome/ic conc]ns1 milit>y comm&1 popul> oratory1 &1 moreov]1 all ! magi/racies1 conspiracies1 & cabals t are met ) 9 ! city1 ?9k+ t ,i 0 9 reality too upright a man to be safe if ,i took "p 9 su* ?+s1 ,i !re=e did n apply myself to ^? pursuits1 by att5d+ to :i* ,i %\ld h be5 ( no s]vice ei!r to y or to myself2 b 9 ord] to conf] ! greate/ b5efit on ea* ( y privately1 z ,i affirm1 ,i !reupon appli$ myself to t object1 endeavor+ to p]suade e "o ( y n to take any c>e ( 8 own affairs be=e he _h tak5 c>e ( himself 9 :at way he may become ! be/ & wise/1 nor ( ! affairs ( ! city be=e he took c>e ( ! city itself2 & t he %\ld att5d to o!r ?+s 9 ! same mann]4 ,:at treatm5t1 !n1 d ,i des]ve1 see+ ,i am su* a man8 ,"s rew>d1 ,o ,a!nians6 if1 at lea/1 ,i am to be e/imat$ accord+ to my real des]ts2 &1 moreov]1 su* a rew>d z w\ld be suitable to me4 ,:at1 !n1 is suitable to a poor man1 a b5efactor1 & :o has ne$ ( leisure 9 ord] to give y good advice8 ,!re is no?+ s suitable1 ,o ,a!nians6 z t su* a man %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,prytaneum1 & ?is mu* m ?an if "o ( y _h be5 victori\s at ! ,olympic games 9 a hors]ace1 or 9 ! two or f\r hors$ *>iot race3 = su* a "o makes y appe> to be happy1 b ,i1 to be s2 & he does n ne$ support1 b ,i d4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i mu/ aw>d a s5t5ce accord+ to my j des]ts1 ,i aw>d ?is1 ma9t5ance 9 ! ,prytaneum4 #bg4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 9 speak+ to y ?us1 ,i appe> to y to speak 9 ! same presumptu\s mann] z ,i did respect+ commis]ation & entreaties2 b su* is n ! case1 ,o ,a!nians6 x is r ?is3 ,i am p]suad$ t ,i nev] design$ly injur$ any man1 ?\gh ,i c n p]suade y ( ?is1 = we h conv]s$ ) ea* o!r b = a %ort "t4 ,= if !re 7 ! same law ) y z ) o!r m51 t 9 capital cases ! trial %\ld li/ n only "o day1 b _m1 ,i ?9k y w\ld be p]suad$2 b x is n easy 9 a %ort "t to d away )1 great calumnies4 ,be+ p]suad$1 !n1 t ,i h injur$ no "o1 ,i am f> f int5d+ to injure myself1 & ( pron\nc+ aga9/ myself t ,i am des]v+ ( puni%m5t1 & f aw>d+ myself any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,?r\gh fe> ( :at8 le/ ,i %\ld suff] t :i* ,melitus aw>ds me1 ( :i* ,i say ,i "k n :e!r x he good or evil8 ,in/ead ( ?is1 %all ,i *oose :at ,i well "k to be evil1 & aw>d t8 ,%all ,i *oose imprisonm5t8 ,& :y %\ld ,i live 9 prison1 a slave to ! e/abli%$ magi/racy1 ! ,elev58 ,%all ,i *oose a f9e1 & to be imprison$ until ,i h paid x8 ,b ?is is ! same z t :i* ,i j n[ m5tion$1 = ,i h n money to pay x4 ,%all ,i1 !n1 aw>d myself exile8 ,= p]haps y w\ld cons5t to ?is aw>d4 ,i %\ld inde$ be v fond ( life1 ,o ,a!nians6 if ,i 7 s devoid ( reason z n to be able to reflect t y1 :o are my fell[-citiz5s1 h be5 unable to endure my mann] ( life & disc\rses1 b !y h become s burd5some & odi\s to y t y n[ seek to be rid ( !m3 o!rs1 h[ev]1 w easily be> !m4 ,f> f x1 ,o ,a!nians6 ,a f9e life x w\ld be = me at my age to g out w&]+1 & driv5 f city to city1 & s to live4 ,= ,i well "k t1 :]ev] ,i may g1 ! y\? w li/5 to me :5 ,i speak1 z !y d "h4 ,& if ,i repulse !m1 !y w !mselves drive me out1 p]suad+ ! eld]s2 & if ,i d n repulse !m1 _! fa!rs & k9dr$ w bani% me on _! acc\nt4 #bh4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 "s "o w say1 ,c y n1 ,socrates1 :5 y h gone f u1 live a sil5t & quiet life8 ,?is is ! mo/ difficult ?+ ( all to p]suade "s ( y4 ,= if ,i say t t w\ld be to disobey ! deity1 & t1 !re=e1 x is impossible = me to live quietly1 y w\ld n believe me1 ?9k+ ,i spoke ironically4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i say t ?is is ! greate/ good to man1 to disc\rse daily on virtue1 & o!r ?+s :i* y h he>d me discuss+1 exam9+ bo? myself & o!rs1 b t a life )\t inve/igation is n wor? liv+ =1 /ill less w\ld y believe me if ,i said ?is4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! case1 z ,i affirm1 ,o ,a!nians6 ?\gh x is n easy to p]suade y4 ,& at ! same "t ,i am n accu/om$ to ?9k myself des]v+ ( any ill4 ,if1 inde$1 ,i 7 ri*1 ,i w\ld am]ce myself 9 su* a sum z ,i %\ld be able to pay2 = !n ,i %\ld h suff]$ no h>m1 b n[--= ,i c n1 unless y are will+ to am]ce me 9 su* a sum z ,i am able to pay4 ,b p]haps ,i c\ld pay y a m9a ( silv]3 9 t sum1 !n1 ,i am]ce myself4 ,b ,plato "h1 ,o ,a!nians6 & ,crito ,critobulus1 & ,apollodorus bid me am]ce myself 9 ?irty m9ae1 & !y (f] to be sureties4 ,i am]ce myself1 !n1 to y 9 t sum2 & !y w be suffici5t sureties = ! money4 ,! judges n[ proce$$ to pass ! s5t5ce1 & condemn$ ,socrates to dea?2 :]eupon he cont9u$3 #bi4 ,= ! sake ( no long space ( "t1 ,o ,a!nians6 y w incur ! "* & reproa* at ! h&s ( ^? :o wi% to defame ! city1 ( hav+ put t wise man1 ,socrates1 to dea?4 ,= ^? :o wi% to defame y w ass]t t ,i am wise1 ?\gh ,i am n4 ,if1 !n1 y _h wait$ = a %ort "t1 ?is w\ld h happ5$ ( its own accord2 = obs]ve my age1 t x is f> advanc$ 9 life1 & ne> dea?4 ,b ,i say ?is n to y all1 b to ^? only :o h condemn$ me to die4 ,& ,i say ?is1 too1 to ! same p]sons4 ,p]haps y ?9k1 ,o ,a!nians6 t ,i h be5 convict$ ?r\gh ! want ( argum5ts1 by :i* ,i might h p]suad$ y1 _h ,i ?\ght x "r to d & say any ?+1 s t ,i might escape puni%m5t4 ,f> o!rwise3 ,i h be5 convict$ ?r\gh want inde$1 yet n ( argum5ts1 b ( audacity & impud5ce1 & ( ! incl9ation to say su* ?+s to y z w\ld h be5 mo/ agreeable = y to he>1 _h ,i lam5t$ & bewail$ & done & said _m o!r ?+s unwor?y ( me1 z ,i affirm1 b su* z y are accu/om$ to he> f o!rs4 ,b nei!r did ,i !n ?9k t ,i ought1 = ! sake ( avoid+ dang]1 to d any ?+ unwor?y ( a freeman1 nor d ,i n[ rep5t ( hav+ s def5d$ myself2 b ,i %\ld mu* r *oose to die1 hav+ s def5d$ myself1 ?an to live 9 t way4 ,= nei!r 9 a trial nor 9 battle is x "r t ,i or any "o else %\ld employ e possible means :]eby he may avoid dea?2 = 9 battle x is frequ5tly evid5t t a man might escape dea? by lay+ d[n 8 arms1 & ?r[+ himself on ! m]cy ( 8 pursu]s4 ,& !re are _m o!r devices 9 e dang]1 by :i* to avoid dea?1 if a man d>es to d & say e ?+4 ,b ?is is n difficult1 ,o ,a!nians6 to escape dea?2 b x is mu* m difficult to avoid depravity1 = x runs swift] ?an dea?4 ,& n[ ,i1 be+ sl[ & ag$1 am ov]tak5 by ! sl[] ( ! two2 b my accus]s1 be+ /rong & active1 h be5 ov]tak5 by ! swift]1 wick$ness4 ,& n[ ,i dep>t1 condemn$ by y to dea?2 b !y condemn$ by tru?1 z guilty ( iniquity & inju/ice3 & ,i abide my s5t5ce1 & s d !y4 ,^! ?+s1 p]haps1 ought s to be1 & ,i ?9k t !y are = ! be/4 #cj4 ,9 ! next place1 ,i desire to pr$ict to y :o h condemn$ me1 :at w be y\r fate2 = ,i am n[ 9 t condition 9 :i* m5 mo/ frequ5tly prophesy--namely1 :5 !y are ab\t to die4 ,i say1 !n1 to y1 ,o ,a!nians6 :o h condemn$ me to dea?1 t imm$iately aft] my dea? a puni%m5t w ov]take y1 f> m sev]e1 by ,jupit]6 ?an t :i* y h inflict$ on me4 ,= y h done ?is1 ?9k+ y %\ld be fre$ f ! necessity ( giv+ an acc\nt ( y\r lives4 ,! v contr>y1 h[ev]1 z ,i affirm1 w happ5 to y4 ,y\r accus]s w be m num]\s1 :om ,i h n[ re/ra9$1 ?\gh y did n p]ceive x2 & !y w be m sev]e1 inasmu* z !y are y\ng]1 & y w be m indignant4 ,= if y ?9k t by putt+ m5 to dea? y w re/ra9 any "o f upbraid+ y because y d n live well1 y are mu* mi/ak52 = ?is me?od ( escape is nei!r possible nor honorable2 b t o!r is mo/ honorable & mo/ easy1 n to put a *eck ^u o!rs1 b = a man to take he$ to himself h[ he may be mo/ p]fect4 ,hav+ pr$ict$ ?us mu* to ^? ( y :o h condemn$ me1 ,i take my leave ( y4 #ca4 ,b ) y :o h vot$ = my acquittal ,i w\ld gladly hold conv]se on :at has n[ tak5 place1 :ile ! magi/rates are busy1 & ,i am n yet c>ri$ to ! place :]e ,i mu/ die4 ,/ay ) me1 !n1 s long1 ,o ,a!nians6 = no?+ h9d]s our conv]s+ ) ea* o!r1 :ile we are p]mitt$ to d s2 = ,i wi% to make kn[n to y1 z be+ my fri5ds1 ! mean+ ( t :i* has j n[ befall5 me4 ,to me1 !n1 ,o my judges6 & 9 call+ y judges ,i call y rightly--a /range ?+ has happ5$4 ,= ! wont$ prophetic voice ( my gu>dian deity on e =m] occasion1 ev5 9 ! mo/ trifl+ affairs1 oppos$ me if ,i 0 ab\t to d any ?+ wrong2 b n[ t has befall5 me :i* ye y\rselves behold1 & :i* any "o w\ld ?9k1 & :i* is suppos$ to be ! extremity ( evil2 yet nei!r :5 ,i dep>t$ f home 9 ! morn+ did ! w>n+ ( ! god oppose me1 nor :5 ,i came up "h to ! place ( trial1 nor 9 my address :5 ,i 0 ab\t to say any ?+2 yet on o!r occasions x has frequ5tly re/ra9$ me 9 ! mid/ ( speak+4 ,b n[ x has nev]1 ?r\gh\t ?is proce$+1 oppos$ me1 ei!r 9 :at ,i did or said4 ,:at1 !n1 d ,i suppose to be ! cause ( ?is8 ,i w tell y3 :at has befall5 me appe>s to be a bless+2 & x is impossible t we ?9k rightly :o suppose t dea? is an evil4 ,a great pro( ( ?is to me is ! fact t x is impossible b t ! accu/om$ signal %\ld h oppos$ me1 unless ,i _h be5 ab\t to meet ) "s good4 #cb4 ,moreov]1 we may h5ce conclude t !re is great hope t dea? is a bless+4 ,= to die is "o ( two ?+s3 = ei!r ! dead may be annihilat$1 & h no s5sation ( any ?+ :atev]2 or1 z x is said1 !re are a c]ta9 *ange & passage ( ! s\l f "o place to ano!r4 ,& if x is a privation ( all s5sation1 z x 7 a sleep 9 :i* ! sleep] has no dream1 dea? w\ld be a wond]ful ga94 ,= ,i ?9k t if any "o1 hav+ select$ a night 9 :i* he slept s s\ndly z n to h _h a dream1 & hav+ comp>$ ?is night ) all ! o!r nights & days ( 8 life1 %\ld be requir$1 on consid]ation1 to say h[ _m days & nights he _h pass$ bett] & m pleasantly ?an ?is night ?r\gh\t 8 life1 ,i ?9k t n only a private p]son1 b ev5 ! great k+ himself1 w\ld f9d !m easy to numb]1 9 comp>ison ) o!r days & nights4 ,if1 !re=e1 dea? is a ?+ ( ?is k9d1 ,i say x is a ga92 = ?us all futurity appe>s to be no?+ m ?an "o night4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 dea? is a removal f h5ce to ano!r place1 & :at is said be true1 t all ! dead are !re1 :at great] bless+ c !re be ?an ?is1 my judges8 ,= if1 on arriv+ at ,hades1 releas$ f ^! :o pret5d to be judges1 "o %all f9d ^? :o are true judges1 & :o are said to judge !re1 ,m9os & ,rhadaman?us1 acus & ,triptolemus1 & su* o!rs ( ! demi-gods z 7 j dur+ _! own life1 w\ld ?is be a sad removal8 ,at :at price w\ld y n e/imate a conf]5ce ) ,orpheus & ,musu1 ,hesiod & ,hom]8 ,i inde$ %\ld be will+ to die (t51 if ?is be true4 ,= to me ! soj\rn !re w\ld be admirable1 :5 ,i %\ld meet ) ,palam$es1 & ,ajax1 son ( ,telamon1 & any o!r ( ! anci5ts :o has di$ by an unju/ s5t5ce4 ,! comp>+ my suff]+s ) !irs w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be no unpleas+ occupation4 ,b ! greate/ pleasure w\ld be to sp5d my "t 9 que/ion+ & exam9+ ! p !re z ,i h done ^? "h1 & discov]+ :o among !m is wise1 & :o fancies himself to be s1 b is n4 ,at :at price1 my judges1 w\ld n any "o e/imate ! opportunity ( que/ion+ him :o l$ t mighty army aga9/ ,troy1 or ,ulysses1 or ,sisyphus1 or t5 ?\s& o!rs :om "o might m5tion bo? m5 & wom5--) :om to conv]se & associate1 & to "q !m1 w\ld be an inconceivable happ9ess8 ,surely = t ! judges !re d n condemn to dea?2 = 9 o!r respects ^? :o live !re are m happy ?an ^? :o are "h1 & are h5ce=? immortal1 if1 at lea/1 :at is said be true4 #cc4 ,y1 !re=e1 ,o my judges6 ought to ent]ta9 good hopes ) respect to dea?1 & to m$itate on ?is "o tru?1 t to a good man no?+ is evil1 nei!r :ile liv+ nor :5 dead1 nor are 8 conc]ns neglect$ by ! gods4 ,& :at has befall5 me is n ! effect ( *ance2 b ?is is cle> to me1 t n[ to die1 & be fre$ f my c>es is bett] = me ,on ?is acc\nt ! w>n+ 9 no way turn$ me aside2 & ,i be> no res5tm5t t[>d ^? :o condemn$ me1 or aga9/ my accus]s1 al?\gh !y did n condemn & accuse me ) ?is int5tion1 b ?9k+ to injure me3 9 ?is !y des]ve to be blam$4 ,?us mu*1 h[ev]1 ,i beg ( !m4 ,puni% my sons :5 !y gr[ up1 ,o judges6 pa9+ !m z ,i h pa9$ y1 if !y appe> to y to c>e = ri*es or any?+ else be=e virtue2 & if !y ?9k !mselves to be some?+ :5 !y are no?+1 reproa* !m z ,i h done y1 = n att5d+ to :at !y ought1 & = conceiv+ !mselves to be some?+ :5 !y are wor? no?+4 ,if ye d ?is1 bo? ,i & my sons %all h met ) j treatm5t at y\r h&s4 ,b x is n[ "t to dep>t--= me to die1 = y to live4 ,b :i* ( u is go+ to a bett] /ate is unkn[n to e "o b ,god4 ,,footnotes #a ,ari/ophanes4 #b ,iliad1 lib4 xviii4 v]4 #id1 etc4 #c ,see ! ,crito1 sec4 #e4 #d oud5 legei1 lit]ally1 he says no?+3 on se trompe1 ou l'on v\s impose1 ,c\s94 #e ,b = ! au?ority ( ,/allbaum1 ,i %\ld h translat$ dikanika =5sic2 t is1 su* argum5ts z an advocate w\ld use 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,crito4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ by ,/allbaum t ,plato _h a tw(old design 9 ?is dialogue--"o1 & t ! prim>y "o1 to free ,socrates f ! imputation ( hav+ attempt$ to corrupt ! ,a!nian y\?2 ! o!r1 to e/abli% ! pr9ciple t "u all circum/ances x is ! duty ( a good citiz5 to obey ! laws ( 8 c\ntry4 ,^! two po9ts1 h[ev]1 are s closely int]wov5 ) ea* o!r1 t ! g5]al pr9ciple appe>s only to be illu/rat$ by ! example ( ,socrates4 ,crito 0 "o ( ^? fri5ds ( ,socrates :o _h be5 pres5t at 8 trial1 & _h (f]$ to assi/ 9 pay+ a f9e1 _h a f9e be5 impos$ in/ead ( ! s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,he appe>s to h frequ5tly visit$ 8 fri5d 9 prison aft] 8 condemnation2 & n[1 hav+ obta9$ access to 8 cell v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 f9ds him compos$ 9 a quiet sleep4 ,he br+s intellig5ce t ! %ip1 ! arrival ( :i* w\ld be ! signal = 8 dea? on ! foll[+ day1 is expect$ to arrive =?)1 & takes occasion to entreat ,socrates to make 8 escape1 ! means ( :i* 7 already prep>$4 ,socrates !reupon1 hav+ promis$ to foll[ ! advice ( ,crito if1 aft] ! matt] _h be5 fully discuss$1 x %\ld appe> to be "r to d s1 proposes to consid] ! duty ( a citiz5 t[>d 8 c\ntry2 & hav+ e/abli%$ ! div9e pr9ciple t x is wrong to return evil = evil1 goes on to %[ t ! obligations ( a citiz5 to 8 c\ntry are ev5 m b9d+ ?an ^? ( a *ild to its p>5t1 or a slave to 8 ma/]1 & t !re=e x is 8 duty to obey ! e/abli%$ laws1 at :atev] co/ to himself4 ,at l5g? ,crito admits t he has no answ] to make1 & ,socrates resolves to submit himself to ! w ( ,provid5ce4 ,,crito2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,a ,,citiz54 ,,socrates1 ,,crito4 ,socr4 ,:y h y come at ?is h\r1 ,crito8 ,is x n v e>ly8 ,cri4 ,x is4 ,socr4 ,ab\t :at "t8 ,cri4 ,sc>ce day-break4 ,socr4 ,i wond] h[ ! keep] ( ! prison came to admit y4 ,cri4 ,he is famili> ) me1 ,socrates1 f my hav+ frequ5tly come hi!r2 & he is "u "s obligations to me4 ,socr4 ,h y j n[ come1 or "s "t s9ce8 ,cri4 ,a consid]able "t s9ce4 ,socr4 ,:y1 !n1 did y n wake me at once1 in/ead ( sitt+ d[n by me 9 sil5ce8 ,cri4 ,by ,jupit]6 ,socrates1 ,i %\ld n myself l to be s long awake1 & 9 su* affliction4 ,b ,i h be5 = "s "t wond]+ at y1 p]ceiv+ h[ sweetly y slept2 & ,i purposely did n awake y1 t y might pass y\r "t z pleasantly z possible4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i h (t5 be=e ?r\gh\t y\r :ole life consid]$ y happy 9 y\r disposition1 b f> m s 9 ! pres5t calamity1 see+ h[ easily & meekly y be> x4 ,socr4 ,h[ev]1 ,crito1 x w\ld be disconsonant = a man at my "t ( life to rep9e because he mu/ ne$s die4 ,cri4 ,b o!rs1 ,socrates1 at y\r age h be5 involv$ 9 simil> calamities1 yet _! age has n h9d]$ _! rep9+ at _! pres5t =tune4 ,socr4 ,s x is4 ,b :y did y come s e>ly8 ,cri4 ,br++ sad tid+s1 ,socrates1 n sad to y1 z x appe>s1 b to me1 & all y\r fri5ds1 sad & heavy1 & :i* ,i1 ,i ?9k1 %all be> wor/ ( all4 ,socr4 ,:at tid+s8 ,has ! %ip#f arriv$ f ,delos1 on ! arrival ( :i* ,i mu/ die8 ,cri4 ,x has n yet arriv$1 b x appe>s to me t x w come to-day1 f :at c]ta9 p]sons report :o h come f ,sunium1#g & left x !re4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 f ^! mess5g]s1 t x w come to day1 & consequ5tly x w be necess>y1 ,socrates1 = y to die to-morr[4 #b4 ,socr4 ,b ) good =tune1 ,crito1 & if s x please ! gods1 s be x4 ,i d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t x w come to day4 ,cri4 ,:5ce d y =m ?is conjecture8 ,socr4 ,i w tell y4 ,i mu/ die on ! day aft] t on :i* ! %ip arrives4 ,cri4 ,s !y say#h :o h ! control ( ^! ?+s4 ,socr4 ,i d n ?9k1 !n1 t x w come to-day1 b to-morr[4 ,i conjecture ?is f a dream :i* ,i _h ?is v night1 n long ago1 & y seem v opportunely to h refra9$ f wak+ me4 ,cri4 ,b :at 0 ?is dream8 ,socr4 ,a beautiful & maje/ic woman1 clad 9 :ite g>m5ts seem$ to approa* me1 & to call to me & say1 ,socrates1 ?ree days h5ce y w rea* f]tile ,py?ia#i4 ,cri4 ,:at a /range dream1 ,socrates6 ,socr4 ,v cle>1 h[ev]1 z x appe>s to me1 ,crito4 #c4 ,cri4 ,v mu* s1 z x seems4 ,b1 my de> ,socrates1 ev5 n[ be p]suad$ by me1 & save y\rself4 ,= if y die1 n only a s+le calamity w befall me1 b1 besides be+ depriv$ ( su* a fri5d z ,i %all nev] meet ) aga91 ,i %all also appe> to _m :o d n "k y & me well1 :5 ,i might h sav$ y _h ,i be5 will+ to sp5d my money1 to h neglect$ to d s4 ,& :at "* c be m disgraceful ?an ?is--to appe> to value "o's ri*es m ?an "o's fri5ds8 ,= ! g5]ality ( m5 w n be p]suad$ t y 7 unwill+ to dep>t h5ce1 :5 we urg$ y to x4 ,socr4 ,b :y1 my de> ,crito1 %\ld we c>e s mu* = ! op9ion ( ! _m8 ,= ! mo/ wor?y m51 :om we ought r to reg>d1 w ?9k t matt]s h transpir$ z !y really h4 ,cri4 ,yet y see1 ,socrates1 t x is necess>y to att5d to ! op9ion ( ! _m4 ,= ! v circum/ances ( ! pres5t case %[ t ! multitude are able to effect n only ! smalle/ evils1 b ev5 ! greate/1 if any "o is calumniat$ to !m4 ,socr4 ,w\ld1 ,o ,crito t ! multitude c\ld effect ! greate/ evils1 t !y might also effect ! greate/ good1 = !n x w\ld be well4 ,b n[ !y c d nei!r2 = !y c make a man nei!r wise nor fooli%2 b !y d :atev] *ances4 #d4 ,cri4 ,s let x be1 !n4 ,b answ] me ?is1 ,socrates3 are y n anxi\s = me & o!r fri5ds1 le/1 if y %\ld escape f h5ce1 in=m]s %\ld give u tr\ble1 z hav+ secretly c>ri$ y (f1 & s we %\ld be compell$ ei!r to lose all our prop]ty1 or a v l>ge sum1 or to suff] some?+ else besides ?is8 ,=1 if y fe> any ?+ ( ! k9d1 dismiss y\r fe>s2 = we are ju/ifi$ 9 runn+ ! risk to save y--&1 if ne$ be1 ev5 a great] risk ?an ?is4 ,b be p]suad$ by me1 & d n refuse4 ,socr4 ,i am anxi\s ab\t ?is1 ,crito1 & ab\t _m o!r ?+s4 ,cri4 ,d n fe> ?is1 h[ev]2 = ! sum is n l>ge on receipt ( :i* c]ta9 p]sons are will+ to save y1 & take y h5ce4 ,9 ! next place1 d y n see h[ *eap ^! in=m]s are1 s t !re w\ld be no ne$ ( a l>ge sum = !m8 ,my =tune is at y\r s]vice1 suffici5t1 ,i ?9k1 = ! purpose2 !n if1 out ( reg>d to me1 y d n ?9k "r to sp5d my money1 ^! /rang]s "h are ready to sp5d !irs4 ,"o ( !m1 ,simmias ! ,!ban1 has br\ght ) him a suffici5t sum = ! v purpose4 ,cebes1 too1 is ready1 & v _m o!rs4 ,s t1 z ,i said1 d n1 ?r\gh fe>s ( ?is k9d1 hesitate to save y\rself1 nor let :at y said 9 c\rt give y any tr\ble1 t if y w5t f h5ce y w\ld n "k :at to d ) y\rself4 ,= 9 _m places1 & :]ev] y g1 m5 w love y2 & if y are dispos$ to g to ,!ssaly1 ,i h fri5ds !re :o w e/eem y v highly1 & w insure y\r safety1 s t no "o 9 ,!ssaly w mole/ y4 #e4 ,moreov]1 ,socrates1 y d n appe> to me to pursue a j c\rse 9 giv+ y\rself up :5 y might be sav$2 & y press on ! v results ) respect to y\rself :i* y\r enemies w\ld press1 & h press$1 9 _! anxiety to de/roy y4 ,besides ?is1 too1 y appe> to me to betray y\r own sons1 :om1 :5 x is 9 y\r p[] to re> & educate !m1 y w ab&on1 &1 s f> z y are conc]n$1 !y w meet ) su* a fate z *ance br+s !m1 &1 z is probable1 !y w meet ) su* ?+s z orphans are wont to exp]i5ce 9 a /ate ( orphanage4 ,surely "o ought n to h *ildr51 or "o %\ld g ?r\gh ! toil ( re>+ & in/ruct+ !m4 ,b y appe> to me to h *os5 ! mo/ indol5t c\rse2 ?\gh y ought to h *os5 su* a c\rse z a good & brave man w\ld h done1 s9ce y pr(ess to h made virtue y\r /udy ?r\gh ! :ole ( y\r life2 s t ,i am a%am$ bo? = y & = u :o are y\r fri5ds1 le/ ?is :ole affair ( y\rs %\ld seem to be ! effect ( c[>dice on our "p--y\r appe>+ to /& y\r trial 9 ! c\rt1 s9ce y appe>$ :5 x 0 9 y\r p[] n to h done s1 ! v mann] 9 :i* ! trial 0 conduct$1 & ?is la/ circum/ance1 z x 71 a ridicul\s consummation ( ! :ole bus9ess2 y\r appe>+ to h escap$ f u ?r\gh our indol5ce & c[>dice1 :o did n save y2 nor did y save y\rself1 :5 x 0 practicable & possible1 _h we b ex]t$ ourselves a little4 ,?9k ( ^! ?+s1 !re=e1 ,socrates1 & bew>e1 le/1 besides ! evil t w result1 !y be disgraceful bo? to y & to u2 advise1 !n1 ) y\rself2 ?\gh1 inde$1 !re is no long] "t = advis+--y\r resolve %\ld be already made4 ,& !re is b "o plan2 = 9 ! foll[+ night ! :ole mu/ be accompli%$4 ,if we delay1 x w be impossible & no long] practicable4 ,by all means1 !re=e1 ,socrates1 be p]suad$ by me1 & on no acc\nt refuse4 #f4 ,socr4 ,my de> ,crito1 y\r zeal w\ld be v comm5dable 7 x unit$ ) "r pr9ciple2 o!rwise1 by h[ mu* ! m e>ne/ x is1 by s mu* is x ! m sad4 ,we mu/ consid]1 !re=e1 :e!r ?is plan %\ld be adopt$ or n4 ,= ,i n n[ only1 b always1 am a p]son :o w obey no?+ )9 me b reason1 accord+ z x appe>s to me on mature delib]ation to be be/4 ,& ! reasons :i* ,i =m]ly pr(ess$ ,i c n n[ reject1 because ?is mis=tune has befall5 me2 b !y appe> to me 9 mu* ! same light1 & ,i respect & honor !m z be=e2 s t if we are unable to adduce any bett] at ! pres5t "t1 be assur$ t ,i %all n give 9 to y1 ev5 ?\gh ! p[] ( ! multitude %\ld endeavor to t]rify u l *ildr51 by ?reat5+ m ?an x does n[1 bonds & dea?1 & confiscation ( prop]ty4 ,h[1 !re=e1 may we consid] ! matt] mo/ conv5i5tly8 ,fir/ ( all1 if we recur to ! argum5t :i* y us$ ab\t op9ions1 :e!r on =m] occasions x 0 rightly resolv$ or n1 t we ought to pay att5tion to "s op9ions1 & to o!rs n2 or :e!r1 be=e x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld die1 x 0 rightly resolv$2 b n[ x has become cle> t x 0 said idly = argum5t's sake1 ?\gh 9 reality x 0 m]ely je/ & trifl+4 ,i desire !n1 ,crito1 to consid]1 9 common ) y1 :e!r x w appe> to me 9 a diff]5t light1 n[ t ,i am 9 ?is condition1 or ! same1 & :e!r we %all give x up or yield to x4 ,x 0 said1 ,i ?9k1 on =m] occasions1 by ^? :o 7 ?\ght to speak s]i\sly1 z ,i j n[ obs]v$1 t ( ! op9ions :i* m5 ent]ta9 "s %\ld be v highly e/eem$ & o!rs n4 ,by ! gods6 ,crito1 does n ?is appe> to y to be well said8 ,= y1 9 all human probability1 are out ( all dang] ( dy+ to-morr[1 & ! pres5t calamity w n lead y\r judgm5t a/ray4 ,consid]1 !n2 does x n appe> to y to h be5 rightly settl$ t we ought n to respect all ! op9ions ( m51 b "s we %\ld1 & o!rs n8 ,nor yet ! op9ions ( all m51 b ( "s we %\ld1 & ( o!rs n8 ,:at say y8 ,is n ?is rightly resolv$8 ,cri4 ,x is4 ,socr4 ,!re=e we %\ld respect ! good1 b n ! bad8 ,cri4 ,yes4 ,socr4 ,& are n ! good ^? ( ! wise1 & ! bad ^? ( ! fooli%8 ,cri4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise8 #g4 ,socr4 ,come1 !n3 h[1 aga91 7 ! foll[+ po9ts settl$8 ,does a man :o practices gymna/ic ex]cises & applies himself to !m1 pay att5tion to ! praise & c5sure & op9ion ( e "o1 or ( t "o man only :o happ5s to be a physician1 or tea*] ( ! ex]cises8 ,cri4 ,( t "o only4 ,socr4 ,he ought1 !re=e1 to fe> ! c5sures & covet ! praises ( t "o1 b n ^? ( ! multitude4 ,cri4 ,cle>ly4 ,socr4 ,he ought1 !re=e1 s to practice & ex]cise himself1 & to eat & dr9k1 z seems fitt+ to ! "o :o presides & kn[s1 r ?an to all o!rs toge!r4 ,cri4 ,x is s4 ,socr4 ,well1 !n1 if he disobeys ! "o1 & disreg>ds 8 op9ion & praise1 b respects t ( ! multitude & ( ^? :o "k no?+1 w he n suff] "s evil8 ,cri4 ,h[ %\ld he n8 ,socr4 ,b :at is ?is evil8 ,:i!r does x t5d1 & on :at "p ( him t disobeys w x fall8 ,cri4 ,cle>ly on 8 body1 = ?is x ru9s4 ,socr4 ,y say well4 ,! case is ! same1 too1 ,crito1 ) all o!r ?+s1 n to g ?r\gh !m all4 ,) respect !n1 to ?+s j & unju/1 base & honorable1 good & evil1 ab\t :i* we are n[ consult+1 ought we to foll[ ! op9ion ( ! multitude1 & to respect x1 or t ( "o1 if !re is any "o :o und]/&s1 :om we ought to rev]5ce & respect r ?an all o!rs toge!r8 ,& if we d n obey him1 %all we n corrupt & injure t "p ( ourselves :i* becomes bett] by ju/ice1 b is ru9$ by inju/ice8 ,or is ?is no?+8 ,cri4 ,i agree ) y1 ,socrates4 #h4 ,socr4 ,come1 !n1 if we de/roy t :i* becomes bett] by :at is :olesome1 b is impair$ by :at is un:olesome1 ?r\gh be+ p]suad$ by ^? :o d n und]/&1 c we enjoy life :5 t is impair$8 ,& ?is is ! body we are speak+ (1 is x n8 ,cri4 ,yes4 ,socr4 ,c we1 !n1 enjoy life ) a diseas$ & impair$ body8 ,cri4 ,by no means4 ,socr4 ,b c we enjoy life :5 t is impair$ :i* inju/ice ru9s b ju/ice b5efits8 ,or d we ?9k t to be ( less value ?an ! body1 :atev] "p ( u x may be1 ab\t :i* inju/ice & ju/ice are conc]n$' ,cri4 ,by no means4 ,socr4 ,b ( m value8 ,cri4 ,mu* m4 ,socr4 ,we mu/ n !n1 my excell5t fri5d1 s mu* reg>d :at ! multitude w say ( u1 b :at he w say :o und]/&s ! j & ! unju/1 ! "o1 ev5 tru? itself4 ,s t at fir/ y did n set out ) a "r pr9ciple1 :5 y laid x d[n t we ought to reg>d ! op9ion ( ! multitude ) respect to ?+s j & honorable & good1 & _! contr>ies4 ,h[ ev]1 "s "o may say1 are n ! multitude able to put u to dea?8 ,cri4 ,?is1 too1 is cle>1 ,socrates1 any "o might say s4 ,socr4 ,y say truly4 ,b1 my admirable fri5d1 ?is pr9ciple :i* we h j discuss$ appe>s to me to be ! same z x 0 be=e#aj4 ,& consid] ?is1 moreov]1 :e!r x /ill holds good ) u or n1 t we are n to be anxi\s ab\t liv+ b ab\t liv+ well4 ,cri4 ,x does hold good4 ,socr4 ,& does ?is hold good or n1 t to live well & ,honorable & ju/ly are ! same ?+8 ,cri4 ,x does4 #i4 ,socr4 ,f :at has be5 admitt$1 !n1 ?is consid]ation arises1 :e!r x is j or n t ,i %\ld endeavor to leave ?is place )\t ! p]mission ( ! ,a!nians4 ,& %\ld x appe> to be j1 we w make ! attempt1 b if n1 we w give x up4 ,b z to ! consid]ations :i* y m5tion1 ( an outlay ( money1 reputation1 & ! education ( *ildr51 bew>e1 ,crito1 le/ su* consid]ations z ^! 9 reality belong to ^! multitudes1 :o ra%ly put "o to dea?1 & w\ld re/ore "o to life1 if !y c\ld d s1 )\t any reason at all4 ,b we1 s9ce reason s requires1 mu/ consid] no?+ else ?an :at we j n[ m5tion$1 :e!r we %all act ju/ly 9 pay+ money & contract+ obligations to ^? :o w lead me h5ce1 z well !y :o lead me z we :o are l$ h5ce1 or :e!r1 9 tru?1 we %all n act unju/ly 9 do+ all ^! ?+s4 ,& if we %\ld appe> 9 s do+ to be act+ unju/ly1 obs]ve t we mu/ n consid] :e!r f rema9+ "h & cont9u+ quiet we mu/ ne$s die1 or suff] any ?+ else1 r ?an :e!r we %all be act+ unju/ly4 ,cri4 ,y appe> to me to speak wisely1 ,socrates1 b see :at we are to d4 ,socr4 ,let u consid] ! matt] toge!r1 my fri5d1 & if y h any ?+ to object to :at ,i say1 make good y\r objection1 & ,i w yield to y1 b if n1 cease1 my excell5t fri5d1 to urge ^u me ! same ?+ s (t51 t ,i ought to dep>t h5ce aga9/ ! w ( ! ,a!nians4 ,= ,i highly e/eem y\r endeavors to p]suade me ?us to act1 s long z x is n aga9/ my w ,consid]1 !n1 ! beg9n+ ( our inquiry1 :e!r x is /at$ to y\r entire satisfaction1 & endeavor to answ] ! "q put to y exactly z y ?9k "r4 ,cri4 ,i w endeavor to d s4 #aj4 ,socr4 ,say we1 !n1 t we %\ld on no acc\nt delib]ately commit inju/ice1 or may we commit inju/ice "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 "u o!rs n8 ,or is x on no acc\nt ei!r good or honorable to commit inju/ice1 z we h (t5 agre$ on =m] occasions1 & z we j n[ said8 ,or h all ^? our =m] admissions be5 dissipat$ 9 ^! few days1 & h we1 ,crito1 old m5 z we are1 be5 = a long "t s]i\sly conv]s+ ) ea* o!r )\t kn[+ t we 9 no respect diff] f *ildr58 ,or does ! case1 beyond all "q1 /& z we !n det]m9$8 ,:e!r ! multitude all[ x or n1 & :e!r we mu/ suff] a m sev]e or a mild] puni%m5t ?an ?is1 /ill is inju/ice on e acc\nt bo? evil & disgraceful to him :o commits x8 ,d we admit ?is1 or n8 ,cri4 ,we d admit x4 ,socr4 ,on no acc\nt1 !re=e1 ought we to act unju/ly4 ,cri4 ,surely n4 ,socr4 ,nei!r ought "o :o is injur$ to return ! injury1 z ! multitude ?9k1 s9ce x is on no acc\nt "r to act unju/ly4 ,cri4 ,x appe>s n4 ,socr4 ,:at1 !n8 ,is x "r to d evil1 ,crito1 or n8 ,cri4 ,surely x is n "r1 ,socrates4 ,socr4 ,b :at8 ,to d evil 9 return :5 "o has be5 evil-entreat$1 is t "r1 or n8 ,cri4 ,by no means4 ,socr4 ,= to d evil to m5 diff]s 9 no respect f committ+ inju/ice4 ,cri4 ,y say truly4 ,socr4 ,x is n "r1 !re=e1 to return an injury1 or to d evil to any man1 h[ev] "o may h suff]$ f him4 ,b take c>e1 ,crito1 t 9 all[+ ^! ?+s y d n all[ !m contr>y to y\r op9ion1 = ,i "k t to "s few only ^! ?+s bo? d appe>1 & w appe>1 to be true4 ,!y1 !n1 to :om ^! ?+s appe> true1 & !y to :om !y d n1 h no s5tim5t 9 common1 & mu/ ne$s despise ea* o!r1 :ile !y look to ea* o!r's op9ions4 ,consid] well1 !n1 :e!r y co9cide & ?9k ) me1 & :e!r we c beg9 our delib]ations f ?is po9t--t x is nev] "r ei!r to d an injury or to return an injury1 or :5 "o has be5 evil-entreat$1 to rev5ge "o's self by do+ evil 9 return1 or d y diss5t f1 & n co9cide 9 ?is pr9ciple8 ,= s x appe>s to me1 bo? long s9ce & n[1 b if y 9 any respect ?9k o!rwise1 say s & in=m me4 ,b if y p]si/ 9 y\r =m] op9ions1 he> :at foll[s4 ,cri4 ,i d p]si/ 9 !m1 & ?9k ) y4 ,speak on1 !n4 ,socr4 ,i say next1 !n1 or r ,i ask2 :e!r :5 a man has promis$ to d ?+s t are j he ought to d !m1 or evade 8 promise8 ,cri4 ,he ought to d !m4 #aa4 ,socr4 ,obs]ve1 !n1 :at foll[s4 ,by dep>t+ h5ce )\t ! leave ( ! city1 are we n do+ evil to "s1 & t to ^? to :om we ought lea/ ( all to d x1 or n8 ,& d we abide by :at we agre$ on z be+ j1 or d we n8 ,cri4 ,i am unable to answ] y\r "q1 ,socrates2 = ,i d n und]/& x4 ,socr4 ,!n1 consid] x ?us4 ,if1 :ile we 7 prep>+ to run away1 or by :atev] "n we %\ld call x1 ! laws & commonweal? %\ld come1 &1 pres5t+ !mselves be=e u1 %\ld say1 ,tell me1 ,socrates1 :at d y purpose do+8 ,d y design any ?+ else by ?is proce$+ 9 :i* y are engag$ ?an to de/roy u1 ! laws1 & ! :ole city1 s f> z y are able8 ,or d y ?9k x possible = t city any long] to subsi/1 & n be subv]t$1 9 :i* judgm5ts t are pass$ h no =ce1 b are set aside & de/roy$ by private p]sons8--:at %\ld we say1 ,crito1 to ^! & simil> remon/rances8 ,= any "o1 especially an orator1 w\ld h mu* to say on ! violation ( ! law1 :i* enjo9s t judgm5ts pass$ %all be en=c$4 ,%all we say to !m t ! city has done u an inju/ice1 & n pass$ a "r s5t5ce8 ,%all we say ?is1 or :at else8 ,cri4 ,?is1 by ,jupit]6 ,socrates4 #ab4 ,socr4 ,:at1 !n1 if ! laws %\ld say1 ,socrates1 0 x n agre$ betwe5 u t y %\ld abide by ! judgm5ts :i* ! city %\ld pron\nce8 ,& if we %\ld wond] at _! speak+ ?us1 p]haps !y w\ld say1 ,wond] n1 ,socrates1 at :at we say1 b answ]1 s9ce y are accu/om$ to make use ( que/ions & answ]s4 ,=1 come1 :at *>ge h y aga9/ u & ! city1 t y attempt to de/roy u8 ,did we n fir/ give y be+8 & did n y\r fa!r1 ?r\gh u1 take y\r "m to wife & beget y8 ,say1 !n1 d y f9d fault ) ^? laws among u t relate to m>riage z be+ bad8 ,i %\ld say1 ,i d n f9d fault ) !m4 ,d y ) ^? t relate to y\r nurture :5 born1 & ! education ) :i* y 7 in/ruct$8 ,or did n ! laws1 orda9$ on ?is po9t1 enjo9 rightly1 9 requir+ y\r fa!r to in/ruct y 9 music & gymna/ic ex]cises8 ,i %\ld say1 rightly4 ,well1 !n1 s9ce y 7 born1 nurtur$1 & educat$ ?r\gh our means1 c y say1 fir/ ( all1 t y are n bo? our (fspr+ & our slave1 z well y z y\r ance/ors8 ,& if ?is be s1 d y ?9k t !re are equal rights betwe5 u8 & :atev] we attempt to d to y1 d y ?9k y may ju/ly d to u 9 turn8 ,or _h y n equal rights ) y\r fa!r1 or ma/]1 if y happ5$ to h "o1 s z to return :at y suff]$1 nei!r to retort :5 f\nd fault )1 nor1 :5 /rick51 to /rike aga91 nor _m o!r ?+s ( ! k9d2 b t ) y\r c\ntry & ! laws y may d s2 s t if we attempt to de/roy y1 ?9k+ x to be j1 y also %\ld endeavor1 s f> z y are able1 9 return1 to de/roy u1 ! laws1 & y\r c\ntry2 & 9 do+ ?is w y say t y act ju/ly--y :o1 9 reality1 make virtue y\r *ief object8 ,or are y s wise z n to "k t "o's c\ntry is m honorable1 v5]able1 & sacr$1 & m highly priz$ bo? by gods1 & m5 possess$ ( und]/&+1 ?an "m & fa!r1 & all o!r prog5itors2 & t "o ought to rev]5ce1 submit to1 & appease "o's c\ntry1 :5 angry1 r ?an "o's fa!r2 & ei!r p]suade x or d :at x ord]s1 & to suff] quietly if x bids "o suff]1 :e!r to be beat51 or put 9 bonds2 or if x s5ds "o out to battle !re to be w\nd$ or sla91 ?is mu/ be done2 = ju/ice s requires1 & "o mu/ n give way1 or retreat1 or leave "o's po/2 b t bo? 9 w> & 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 & ev]y:]e "o mu/ d :at "o's city & c\ntry enjo91 or p]suade x 9 su* mann] z ju/ice all[s2 b t to (f] viol5ce ei!r to "o's "m or fa!r is n holy1 mu* less to "o's c\ntry8 ,:at %all we say to ^! ?+s1 ,crito8 ,t ! laws speak ! tru?1 or n8 ,cri4 ,x seems s to me4 #ac4 ,socr4 ,consid]1 !n1 ,socrates1 ! laws p]haps might say1 :e!r we say truly t 9 :at y are n[ attempt+ y are attempt+ to d :at is n j t[>d u4 ,= we1 hav+ giv5 y bir?1 nurtur$1 in/ruct$ y1 & hav+ imp>t$ to y & all o!r citiz5s all ! good 9 our p[]1 /ill proclaim1 by giv+ ! p[] to e ,a!nian :o pleases1 :5 he has arriv$ at ye>s ( discretion1 & become acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess ( ! /ate1 & u1 ! laws1 t any "o :o is n satisfi$ ) u may take 8 prop]ty1 & g :]ev] he pleases4 ,& if any "o ( y wi%es to g to a colony1 if he is n satisfi$ ) u & ! city1 or to migrate & settle 9 ano!r c\ntry1 none ( u1 ! laws1 h9d] or =bid him go+ :i!rsoev] he pleases1 tak+ ) him all 8 prop]ty4 ,b :oev] cont9ues ) u aft] he has se5 ! mann] 9 :i* we adm9i/] ju/ice1 & 9 o!r respects gov]n ! city1 we n[ say t he has 9 fact ent]$ into a compact ) u to d :at we ord]2 & we affirm t he :o does n obey is 9 ?ree respects guilty ( inju/ice--because he does n obey u :o gave him be+1 & because he does n obey u :o nurtur$ him1 & because1 hav+ made a compact t he w\ld obey u1 he nei!r does s1 nor does he p]suade u if we d any ?+ wrongly2 ?\gh we propose = 8 consid]ation1 & d n rigidly comm& him to d :at we ord]1 b leave him ! *oice ( "o ( two ?+s1 ei!r to p]suade u1 or to d :at we require1 & yet he does nei!r ( ^!4 #ad4 ,& we say t y1 ,o ,socrates6 w be subject to ^! *>ges if y accompli% y\r design1 & t n lea/ ( ! ,a!nians1 b mo/ s ( all4 ,& if ,i %\ld ask1 ,= :at reason8 !y w\ld probably ju/ly retort on me by say+ t1 among all ! ,a!nians1 ,i especially made ?is compact ) !m4 ,= !y w\ld say1 ,socrates1 we h /rong pro( ( ?is1 t y 7 satisfi$ bo? ) u & ! city2 =1 ( all ! ,a!nians1 y especially w\ld nev] h dwelt 9 x if x _h n be5 especially agreeable to y2 = y nev] w5t out ( ! city to any ( ! public spectacles1 except once to ! ,i/hmian games1 nor any:]e else1 except on milit>y s]vice1 nor h y ev] gone abroad z o!r m5 d1 nor _h y ev] _h any desire to become acqua9t$ ) any o!r city or o!r laws1 b we & our city 7 suffici5t = y2 s /rongly 7 y atta*$ to u1 & s f> did y cons5t to submit to our gov]nm5t1 bo? 9 o!r respects & 9 begett+ *ildr5 9 ?is city1 9 consequ5ce ( y\r be+ satisfi$ ) x4 ,moreov]1 9 y\r v trial1 x 0 9 y\r p[] to h impos$ on y\rself a s5t5ce ( exile1 if y pleas$1 & might !n h done1 ) ! cons5t ( ! city1 :at y n[ attempt aga9/ its cons5t4 ,!n1 inde$1 y boa/$ y\rself z n be+ griev$ if y mu/ ne$s die2 b y pref]r$1 z y said1 dea? to exile4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 y are nei!r a%am$ ( ^? pr(essions1 nor d y rev]e u1 ! laws1 s9ce y endeavor to de/roy u1 & y act z ! vile/ slave w\ld act1 by endeavor+ to make y\r escape contr>y to ! conv5tions & ! compacts by :i* y engag$ to submit to our gov]nm5t4 ,fir/1 !n1 !re=e1 answ] u ?is1 :e!r we speak ! tru? or n 9 affirm+ t y agre$ to be gov]n$ by u 9 de$1 ?\gh n 9 ^w8 ,:at %all we say to ?is1 ,crito8 ,c we d o!rwise ?an ass5t8 ,cri4 ,we mu/ ne$s d s1 ,socrates4 ,socr4 ,:at else1 !n1 !y w say1 are y do+ b violat+ ! conv5tions & compacts :i* y made ) u1 ?\gh y did n ent] into !m f compulsion or ?r\gh deception1 or f be+ compell$ to det]m9e 9 a %ort "t b dur+ ! space ( sev5ty ye>s1 9 :i* y might h dep>t$ if y _h be5 dissatisfi$ ) u1 & ! compacts _h n appe>$ to y to be j8 ,y1 h[ev]1 pref]r$ nei!r ,lac$mon nor ,crete1 :i* y sev]al times said are gov]n$ by good laws1 nor any o!r ( ! ,grecian or b>b>ian cities2 b y h be5 less out ( ,a!ns ?an ! lame & ! bl9d1 & o!r maim$ p]sons4 ,s mu*1 x is evid5t1 7 y satisfi$ ) ! city & u1 ! laws1 beyond ! re/ ( ! ,a!nians2 = :o c be satisfi$ ) a city )\t laws8 ,b n[ w y n abide by y\r compacts8 ,y w1 if y are p]suad$ by u1 ,socrates1 & w n make y\rself ridicul\s by leav+ ! city4 #ae4 ,= consid]1 by violat+ ^! compacts & (f5d+ aga9/ any ( !m1 :at good y w d to y\rself or y\r fri5ds4 ,= t y\r fri5ds w run ! risk ( be+ !mselves bani%$1 & depriv$ ( ! rights ( citiz5%ip1 or ( =feit+ _! prop]ty1 is pretty cle>4 ,& z = y\rself1 if y %\ld g to "o ( ! neighbor+ cities1 ei!r ,!bes or ,meg>a1 = bo? are gov]n$ by good laws1 y w g !re1 ,socrates1 z an enemy to _! polity2 & su* z h any reg>d = _! c\ntry w look ^u y ) suspicion1 reg>d+ y z a corrupt] ( ! laws2 & y w confirm ! op9ion ( ! judges1 s t !y w appe> to h condemn$ y rightly1 = ^: is a corrupt] ( ! laws w appe> 9 all likelihood to be a corrupt] ( y\?s & weak-m9d$ m54 ,w y1 !n1 avoid ^! well-gov]n$ cities1 & ! be/-ord]$ m58 ,& %\ld y d s1 w x be wor? y\r :ile to live8 ,or w y approa* !m1 & h ! effront]y to conv]se ) !m1 ,socrates1 on subjects ! same z y did "h--t virtue & ju/ice1 legal in/itutions & laws1 %\ld be mo/ highly valu$ by m58 ,& d y n ?9k t ?is conduct ( ,socrates w\ld be v indecor\s8 ,y mu/ ?9k s4 ,b y w keep cle> ( ^! places1 & g to ,!ssaly1 to ,crito's fri5ds1 = !re are ! greate/ disord] & lic5ti\sness2 & p]haps !y w gladly he> y relat+ h[ drolly y escap$ f prison1 clad 9 "s dress or cov]$ ) a sk91 or 9 "s o!r disguise su* z fugitives are wont to dress !mselves 91 hav+ s *ang$ y\r usual appe>ance4 ,& w no "o say t y1 ?\gh an old man1 ) b a %ort "t to live1 9 all probability1 h d>$ to h su* a base desire ( life z to violate ! mo/ sacr$ laws8 ,p]haps n1 %\ld y n (f5d any "o4 ,b if y %\ld1 y w he>1 ,socrates1 _m ?+s utt]ly unwor?y ( y4 ,y w live1 too1 9 a /ate ( abject dep5d5ce on all m51 & z _! slave4 ,b :at w y d 9 ,!ssaly besides fea/+1 z if y _h gone to ,!ssaly to a banquet8 ,& :at w become ( ^? disc\rses ab\t ju/ice & all o!r virtues8 ,b d y wi% to live = ! sake ( y\r *ildr51 t y may re> & educate !m8 ,:at !n8 ,w y take !m to ,!ssaly1 & !re re> & educate !m1 mak+ !m ali5s to _! c\ntry1 t !y may owe y ?is obligation too8 ,or1 if n s1 be+ re>$ "h1 w !y be bett] re>$ & educat$ :ile y are liv+1 ?\gh n ) !m1 = y\r fri5ds w take c>e ( !m8 ,:e!r1 if y g to ,!ssaly1 w !y take c>e ( !m1 b if y g to ,hades w !y n take c>e ( !m8 ,if1 h[ev]1 any advantage is to be d]iv$ f ^? t say !y are y\r fri5ds1 we mu/ ?9k !y w4 #af4 ,!n1 ,o ,socrates6 be p]suad$ by u :o h nurtur$ y1 & d n set a high] value on y\r *ildr51 or on life1 or on any ?+ else ?an ju/ice1 t1 :5 y arrive 9 ,hades1 y may h all ?is to say 9 y\r def5se be=e ^? :o h dom9ion !re4 ,= nei!r "h 9 ?is life1 if y d :at is propos$1 does x appe> to be bett]1 or m j1 or m holy to y\rself1 or any ( y\r fri5ds2 nor w x be bett] = y :5 y arrive !re4 ,b n[ y dep>t1 if y d dep>t1 unju/ly treat$1 n by u1 ! laws1 b by m52 b %\ld y escape1 hav+ ?us disgracefully return$ injury = injury1 & evil = evil1 hav+ violat$ y\r own compacts & conv5tions :i* y made ) u1 & hav+ done evil to ^? to :om y lea/ ( all %\ld h done x--namely1 y\rself1 y\r fri5ds1 y\r c\ntry1 & u--bo? we %all be indignant ) y z long z y live1 & !re our bro!rs1 ! laws 9 ,hades1 w n receive y favorably kn[+ t y attempt$1 s f> z y 7 able1 to de/roy u4 ,let n ,crito1 !n1 p]suade y to d :at he advises1 r ?an we4 #ag4 ,^! ?+s1 my de> fri5d ,crito1 be assur$1 ,i seem to he> z ! vot>ies ( ,cybele#aa seem to he> ! flutes4 ,& ! s\nd ( ^! words booms 9 my e>1 & makes me incapable ( he>+ any ?+ else4 ,be sure1 !n1 s long z ,i reta9 my pres5t op9ions1 if y %\ld say any ?+ contr>y to ^!1 y w speak 9 va94 ,if1 h[ev]1 y ?9k t y c prevail at all1 say on4 ,cri4 ,b1 ,socrates1 ,i h no?+ to say4 ,socr4 ,desi/1 !n1 ,crito1 & let u pursue ?is c\rse1 s9ce ?is way ! deity leads u4 ,,footnotes #f ,see ! ,phd sec #a4 #g ,a promontory at ! s\!rn extremity ( ,attica #h ,! ,elev5 #i ,see ,hom]'s ,iliad1 #a ,,ix1 v #cfc #aj ,t is to say1 ! pr9ciple :i* we _h laid d[n 9 =m] discussions t no reg>d is to be _h to popul> op9ion1 is /ill f\nd to hold good4 #aa ,! ,corybantes1 prie/s ( ,cybele1 :o 9 _! solemn fe/ivals made su* a noise ) flutes t ! he>]s c\ld he> no o!r s\nd4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,ph,,d4 ,?is dialogue pres5ts u ) an acc\nt ( ! mann] ,9 :i* ,socrates sp5t ! la/ day ( 81 life1 & h[ he met 8 dea?4 ,! ma9 subject is t ( ! s\l's immortality1 :i* ,socrates takes ^u himself to prove ) z mu* c]ta9ty z x is possible = ! human m9d to arrive at4 ,! "q itself1 ?\gh none c\ld be bett] suit$ to ! occasion1 arises simply & naturally f ! g5]al conv]sation t prec$es x4 ,:5 8 fri5ds visit him 9 ! morn+ = ! purpose ( sp5d+ ?is 8 la/ day ) him1 !y f9d him sitt+ up 9 b$1 & rubb+ 8 leg1 :i* _h j be5 fre$ f bonds4 ,he rem>ks on ! unacc\ntable alt]nation & connection betwe5 pleasure & pa91 & adds t sop1 _h he obs]v$ x1 w\ld h made a fable f x4 ,?is rem>k rem9ds ,cebes ( ,socrates's hav+ put "s ( sop's fables into metre s9ce 8 imprisonm5t1 & he asks1 = ! satisfaction ( ! poet ,ev5us1 :at has induc$ him to d s4 ,socrates expla9s 8 reason1 & concludes by bidd+ him tell ,ev5us to foll[ him z soon z he c4 ,simmias expresses 8 surprise at ?is message1 on :i* ,socrates asks1 ,is n ,ev5us a philosoph]8 & on ! "q be+ answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 he says t he or any philosoph] w\ld be will+ to die1 ?\gh p]haps he w\ld n commit viol5ce on himself4 ,?is1 aga91 seems a contradiction to ,simmias2 b ,socrates expla9s x by %[+ t our s\ls are plac$ 9 ! body by ,god1 & may n leave x )\t 8 p]mission4 ,:]eupon ,cebes objects t 9 t case fooli% m5 only w\ld wi% to die1 & quit ! s]vice ( ! be/ ( ma/]s1 to :i* ,simmias agrees4 ,socrates1 !re=e1 proposes to plead 8 cause be=e !m1 & to %[ t !re is a great probability t aft] ?is life he %all g into ! pres5ce ( ,god & good m51 & be happy 9 proportion to ! purity ( 8 own m9d4 ,he beg9s#ab by /at+ t philosophy itself is no?+ else ?an a prep>ation = & m$itation on dea?4 ,dea? & philosophy h ?is 9 common3 dea? sep>ates ! s\l f ! body2 philosophy draws (f ! m9d f bodily ?+s to ! contemplation ( tru? & virtue3 = he is n a true philosoph] :o is l$ away by bodily pleasures1 s9ce ! s5ses are ! s\rce ( ignorance & all evil4 ,! m9d1 !re=e1 is entirely occupi$ 9 m$itat+ on dea?1 & free+ itself z mu* z possible f ! body4 ,h[1 !n1 c su* a man be afraid ( dea?8 ,he :o grieves at ! approa* ( dea? c n be a true lov] ( wisdom1 b is a lov] ( 8 body4 ,&1 inde$1 mo/ m5 are temp]ate ?r\gh intemp]ance2 t is to say1 !y ab/a9 f "s pleasures t !y may ! m easily & p]man5tly enjoy o!rs4 ,!y embrace only a %ad[ ( virtue1 n virtue itself1 s9ce !y e/imate ! value ( all ?+s by ! pleasures !y af=d4 ,:]eas ! philosoph] purifies 8 m9d f all su* ?+s1 & pursues virtue & wisdom = _! own sakes4 ,?is c\rse ,socrates himself has pursu$ to ! utmo/ ( 8 ability1 ) :at success he %\ld %ortly "k2 & on ^! gr\nds he did n rep9e at leav+ 8 fri5ds 9 ?is _w1 be+ p]suad$ t 9 ano!r he %\ld meet ) good ma/]s & good fri5ds4 ,^u ?is ,cebes#ac says t he agrees ) all else t _h be5 said1 b c n help ent]ta9+ d\bts ( :at w become ( ! s\l :5 sep>at$ f ! body1 = ! common op9ion is t x is disp]s$ & vani%es l brea? or smoke1 & no long] exi/s any:]e4 ,socrates1 !re=e1 proposes to inquire into ! probability ( ! case1 a fit employm5t = him "u 8 pres5t circum/ances4 ,8 fir/ argum5t#ad is drawn f ! anci5t belief preval5t among m51 t s\ls dep>t+ h5ce exi/ 9 ,hades1 & are produc$ aga9 f ! dead4 ,if ?is be true1 x mu/ foll[ t our s\ls are !re1 = !y c\ld n be produc$ aga9 if !y did n exi/2 & its tru? is confirm$ by ?is1 t x is a g5]al law ( nature t contr>ies are produc$ f contr>ies--! great] f ! less1 /rong f weak1 sl[ f swift1 heat f cold1 & 9 l mann] life f dea?1 & vice v]sa4 ,to expla9 ?is m cle>ly1 he proce$s to %[ t :at is *ang$ passes f "o /ate to ano!r1 & s und]goes ?ree diff]5t /ates--fir/1 ! actual /ate2 !n ! transition2 &1 ?irdly1 ! new /ate2 z f a /ate ( sleep1 by awak+ to be+ awake4 ,9 l mann] bir? is a transition f a /ate ( dea? to life1 & dy+ f life to dea?2 s t ! s\l1 by ! act ( dy+1 only passes to ano!r /ate4 ,if x 7 n s1 all nature w\ld 9 "t become dead1 j z if p did n awake out ( sleep all w\ld at la/ be buri$ 9 et]nal sleep4 ,:5ce ! conclusion is t ! s\ls ( m5 are n annihilat$ by dea?4 ,cebes#ae agrees to ?is reason+1 & adds t he is fur!r conv9c$1 ( its tru? by call+ to m9d an argum5t us$ by ,socrates on =m] occasions1 t k is no?+ b rem9isc5ce2 & if ?is is s1 ! s\l mu/ h exi/$1 & _h k1 be=e x became unit$ to ! body4 ,b 9 case ,simmias %\ld n yet be satisfi$1 ,socrates#af proce$s to enl>ge on ?is1 8 second argum5t1 drawn f rem9isc5ce4 ,we daily f9d t we are c>ri$ f ! k ( "o ?+ to ano!r4 ,?+s p]ceiv$ by ! eyes1 e>s1 & o!r s5ses br+ up ! ?\ght ( o!r ?+s2 ?us ! sight ( a lyre or a g>m5t rem9ds u ( a fri5d1 & n only are we ?us rem9d$ ( s5sible objects1 b ( ?+s :i* are compreh5d$ by ! m9d alone1 & h no s5sitive exi/5ce4 ,= we h =m$ 9 our m9ds an idea ( ab/ract equality1 ( ! beautiful1 ! j1 ! good2 9 %ort1 ( e ?+ :i* we say exi/s )\t ! aid ( ! s5ses1 = we use !m only 9 ! p]ception ( individual ?+s2 :5ce x foll[s t ! m9d did n acquire ?is k 9 ?is life1 b mu/ h _h x be=e1 & !re=e ! s\l mu/ h exi/$ be=e4 ,simmias & ,cebes#ag bo? agree 9 admitt+ t ,socrates has prov$ ! pre-exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 b insi/ t he has n %[n x to be immortal1 = t no?+ h9d]s b t1 accord+ to ! popul> op9ion1 x may be disp]s$ at ! dissolution ( ! body4 ,to :i* ,socrates replies1 t if _! =m] admissions are jo9$ to 8 la/ argum5t1 ! immortality1 z well z ! pre-exi/5ce1 ( ! s\l has be5 suffici5tly prov$4 ,= if x is true t any ?+ liv+ is produc$ f t :i* is dead1 !n ! s\l mu/ exi/ aft] dea?1 o!rwise x c\ld n be produc$ aga94 ,h[ev]1 to remove ! appreh5sion t ! s\l may be disp]s$ by a w9d1 z x 71 ,socrates proce$s1 9 8 ?ird argum5t1#ah to exam9e t d\bt m ?or\ghly4 ,:at1 !n1 is meant by be+ disp]s$ b be+ dissolv$ into its p>ts8 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to a ?+ be+ capable ( disp]sion x mu/ be comp\nd$ ( p>ts4 ,n[1 !re are two k9ds ( ?+s--"o comp\nd$1 ! o!r simple ,! =m] k9d is subject to *ange1 ! latt] n1 & c be compreh5d$ by ! m9d alone4 ,! "o is visible1 ! o!r invisible2 & ! s\l1 :i* is invisible1 :5 x employs ! bodily s5ses1 w&]s & is confus$1 b :5 x ab/racts itself f ! body x atta9s to ! k ( t :i* is et]nal1 immortal1 & un*angeable4 ,! s\l1 !re=e1 be+ uncomp\nd$ & invisible1 mu/ be indissoluble2 t is to say1 immortal4 ,/ill ,simmias & ,cebes#ai are unconv9c$4 ,! =m] objects t ! s\l1 accord+ to ,socrates's own %[+1 is no?+ b a h>mony result+ f a comb9ation ( ! p>ts ( ! body1 & s may p]i% ) ! body1 z ! h>mony ( a lyre does :5 ! lyre itself is brok54 ,& ,cebes1 ?\gh he admits t ! s\l is m durable ?an ! body1 yet objects t x is n1 !re=e1 ( necessity immortal1 b may 9 "t we> out2 & x is by no means cle> t ?is is n its la/ p]iod4 ,^! objections produce a p[]ful effect on ! re/ ( ! company2 b ,socrates1 undismay$1 exhorts !m n to suff] !mselves to be det]r$ f seek+ ! tru? by any difficulties !y may meet )2 & !n proce$s#bj to %[1 9 a mom5t1 ! fallacy ( ,simmias's objection4 ,x 0 be=e admitt$1 he says1 t ! s\l exi/$ be=e ! body2 b h>mony is produc$ aft] ! lyre is =m$1 s t ! two cases are totally diff]5t4 ,&1 fur!r1 !re are v>i\s degrees ( h>mony1 b e s\l is z mu* a s\l z any o!r4 ,b1 !n1 :at w a p]son :o holds ?is doctr9e1 t ! s\l is h>mony1 say ( virtue & vice 9 ! s\l8 ,w he call !m ano!r k9d ( h>mony & discord8 ,if s1 he w contradict himself2 = x is admitt$ t "o s\l is n m or less a s\l ?an ano!r1 & !re=e "o c n he m or less h>moniz$ ?an ano!r1 & "o c\ld n admit ( a great] degree ( virtue or vice ?an ano!r2 & inde$ a s\l1 be+ h>mony1 c\ld n p>take ( vice at all1 :i* is discord4 ,socrates1 hav+ ?us satisfactorily answ]$ ! argum5t adduc$ by ,simmias1 goes on to rebut t ( ,cebes1#ba :o object$ t ! s\l might 9 "t we> out4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 he relates t1 :5 a "y man1 he attempt$ to inve/igate ! causes ( all ?+s1 :y !y exi/ & :y !y p]i%2 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 rese>*es1 f9d+ ! futility ( attribut+ ! exi/5ce ( ?+s to :at are call$ natural causes1 he resolv$ on endeavor+ to f9d out ! reasons ( ?+s4 ,he !re=e assum$ t !re are a c]ta9 ab/ract beauty & goodness & magnitude1 & s ( all o!r ?+s2 ! tru? ( :i* be+ grant$1 he ?9ks he %all be able to prove t ! s\l is immortal4 ,?is1 !n1 be+ conc$$ by ,cebes1 ,socrates#bb argues t e ?+ t is beautiful is s f p>tak+ ( ab/ract beauty1 & great f p>tak+ ( magnitude1 & little f p>tak+ ( littl5ess4 ,n[1 x is impossible1 he argues1 t contr>ies c exi/ 9 ! same ?+ at ! same "t2 = in/ance1 ! same ?+ c n possess bo? magnitude & littl5ess1 b "o w )draw at ! approa* ( ! o!r2 & n only s1 b ?+s :i*1 ?\gh n contr>y to ea* o!r1 yet always conta9 contr>ies )9 !mselves1 c n co-exi/2 = in/ance1 ! numb] ?ree has no contr>y1 yet x conta9s )9 itself ! idea ( odd1 :i* is ! contr>y ( ev51 & s ?ree nev] c become ev52 9 l mann]1 heat :ile x is heat c nev] admit ! idea ( its contr>y1 cold4 ,n[1 if ?is me?od ( reason+ is appli$ to ! s\l1 x w be f\nd to be immortal2 = life & dea? are contr>ies1 & nev] c co-exi/2 b :]ev] ! s\l is1 !re is life3 s t x conta9s )9 itself t :i* is contr>y to dea?1 & consequ5tly c nev] admit ( dea?2 !re=e x is immortal4 ,) ?is he closes 8 argum5ts 9 support ( ! s\l's immortality4 ,cebes owns himself conv9c$1 b ,simmias1 ?\gh he is unable to make any objection to ! s\ndness ( ,socrates's reason+1 c n help /ill ent]ta9+ d\bts on ! subject4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! s\l is immortal1 ,socrates proce$s1#bc great ne$ is !re 9 ?is life to endeavor to become z wise & good z possible4 ,= if dea? 7 a deliv]ance f e ?+1 x w\ld be a great ga9 = ! wick$2 b s9ce ! s\l appe>s to be immortal1 x mu/ g to ! place suit$ to its nature4 ,= x is said t ea* p]son's demon conducts him to a place :]e he receives s5t5ce accord+ to 8 des]ts4 ,he !n#bd draws a fanciful picture ( ! v>i\s regions ( ! e>?1 to :i* ! good & ! bad w respectively g aft] dea?1 & exhorts 8 fri5ds to use e endeavor to acquire virtue & wisdom 9 ?is life1 =1 he adds1 ! rew>d is noble1 & ! hope great4 ,hav+ ?us br\ght 8 subject to a conclusion1 ,socrates proposes to ba! himself1 9 ord] n to tr\ble o!rs to wa% 8 dead body4 ,crito !reupon asks if he has any comm&s to give1 & especially h[ he w\ld be buri$1 to :i* he1 ) 8 usual *e]fulness1 makes answ]1 ,j z y please1 if only y c cat* me2 & !n1 smil+1 he rem9ds !m t aft] dea? he %all be no long] ) !m1 & begs ! o!rs ( ! p>ty to be sureties to ,crito = 8 abs5ce f ! body1 z !y _h be5 be=e b\nd = 8 pres5ce be=e 8 judges4 ,aft] he _h ba!d1 & tak5 leave ( 8 *ildr5 & ! wom5 ( 8 family ! (fic] ( ! ,elev5 comes 9 to intimate to him t x is n[ "t to dr9k ! poison4 ,crito urges a little delay1 z ! sun _h n yet set2 b ,socrates refuses to make himself ridicul\s by %[+ su* a fondness = life4 ,! man :o is to adm9i/] ! poison is !re=e s5t =2 & on 8 hold+ out ! cup1 ,socrates1 nei!r trembl+ nor *ang+ color or c\nt5ance at all1 b1 z he 0 wont1 look+ /eadfa/ly at ! man1 ask$ if he might make a libation to any "o2 & be+ told t no m poison ?an en\gh _h be5 mix$1 he simply pray$ t 8 dep>ture f ?is to ano!r _w might be happy1 & !n drank (f ! poison1 readily & calmly4 ,8 fri5ds1 :o _h hi!rto ) difficulty re/ra9$ !mselves1 c\ld no long] control ! outw>d expressions ( grief1 to :i* ,socrates said1 ,:at are y do+1 my fri5ds8 ,i1 = ?is reason1 *iefly1 s5t away ! wom51 t !y might n commit any folly ( ?is k9d2 = ,i h he>d t x is "r to die ) good om5s4 ,be quiet1 !re=e1 & be> up4 ,:5 he _h walk$ ab\t = a :ile 8 legs began to gr[ heavy1 s he lay d[n on 8 back2 & 8 body1 f ! feet upw>d1 gradually grew cold & /iff4 ,8 la/ words 71 ,crito1 we owe a cock to sculapius2 pay x1 !re=e1 & d n neglect x4 ,?is1 concludes ,phd1 0 ! end ( our fri5d--a man1 z we may say1 ! be/ ( all 8 "t1 t we h kn[n1 &1 moreov]1 ! mo/ wise & j4 ,,footnotes #ab ,sec4 #ba-ci4 #ac ,sec4 #ci1 #dj4 #ad ,sec4 #dj-df4 #ae ,sec4 #dg4 #af ,sec4 #dh-eg4 #ag ,sec4 #ee-ei4 #ah ,sec4 #fa-ge4 #ai ,sec4 #gf-hd4 #bj ,sec4 #ic-ii4 #ba ,sec4 #ajj-aab4 #bb ,sec4 #aab-abh4 #bc ,sec4 #abi-aca4 #bd ,sec4 #acb-ade4 ,,ph,,d2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,immortality ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 ,,fir/ ,,e*ecrates1 ,,ph,,d4 ,,!n ,,socrates1 ,,apollodorus1 ,,cebes1 ,,simmias1 ,,& ,,crito4 ,e*4 ,7 y p]sonally pres5t1 ,phd1 ) ,socrates on t day :5 he drank ! poison 9 prison1 or did y he> an acc\nt ( x f "s "o else8 ,phd4 ,i 0 !re myself1 ,e*ecrates4 ,e*4 ,:at1 !n1 did he say be=e 8 dea?1 & h[ did he die8 = ,i %\ld be glad to he>3 = sc>cely any citiz5 ( ,phlius#be ev] visits ,a!ns n[1 nor has any /rang] = a long "t come f !nce :o 0 able to give u a cle> acc\nt ( ! p>ticul>s1 except t he _h di$ f dr9k+ poison2 b he 0 unable to tell u any ?+ m4 #b4 ,phd4 ,& did y n he> ab\t ! trial--h[ x w5t (f8 ,e*4 ,yes2 "s "o told me ?is2 & ,i wond]$ t1 z x took place s long ago1 he appe>s to h di$ long aft]w>d4 ,:at 0 ! reason ( ?is1 ,phd8 ,phd4 ,an accid5tal circum/ance happ5$ 9 8 favor1 ,e*ecrates2 = ! poop ( ! %ip :i* ! ,a!nians s5d to ,delos *anc$ to be cr[n$ on ! day be=e ! trial4 ,e*4 ,b :at is ?is %ip8 ,phd4 ,x is ! %ip1 z ! ,a!nians say1 9 :i* ,!seus =m]ly convey$ ! f\rte5 boys & girls to ,crete1 & sav$ bo? !m & himself4 ,!y1 !re=e1 made a v[ to ,apollo on t occasion1 z x is said1 t if !y 7 sav$ !y w\ld e ye> dispat* a solemn embassy to ,delos2 :i*1 f t "t to ! pres5t1 !y s5d ye>ly to ! god4 #c4 ,:5 !y beg9 ! prep>ations = ?is solemn embassy1 !y h a law t ! city %all be purifi$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 & t no public execution %all take place until ! %ip has rea*$ ,delos1 & return$ to ,a!ns2 & ?is occasionally takes a long "t1 :5 ! w9ds happ5 to imp$e _! passage4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! embassy is :5 ! prie/ ( ,apollo has cr[n$ ! poop ( ! %ip4 ,& ?is 0 done1 z ,i said1 on ! day be=e ! trial3 on ?is acc\nt ,socrates _h a long int]val 9 prison betwe5 ! trial & 8 dea?4 #d4 ,e*4 ,& :at1 ,phd1 7 ! circum/ances ( 8 dea?8 ,:at 0 said & done8 & :o ( 8 fri5ds 7 ) him8 or w\ld n ! magi/rates all[ !m to be pres5t1 b did he die de/itute ( fri5ds8 ,phd4 ,by no means2 b "s1 inde$ sev]al1 7 pres5t4 ,e*4 ,take ! tr\ble1 !n1 to relate to me all ! p>ticul>s z cle>ly z y c1 unless y h any press+ bus9ess4 ,phd4 ,i am at leisure1 & w endeavor to give y a full acc\nt2 = to call ,socrates to m9d1 :e!r speak+ myself or li/5+ to "s "o else1 is always mo/ delightful to me4 #e4 ,e*4 ,& inde$1 ,phd1 y h o!rs to li/5 to y :o are ( ! same m9d4 ,h[ev]1 endeavor to relate e ?+ z accurately z y c4 ,phd4 ,i 01 inde$1 wond]fully affect$ by be+ pres5t1 = ,i 0 n impress$ ) a feel+ ( pity1 l "o pres5t at ! dea? ( a fri5d2 = ! man appe>$ to me to be happy1 ,e*ecrates1 bo? f 8 mann] & disc\rse1 s fe>lessly & nobly did he meet 8 dea?3 s mu* s1 t x occurr$ to me t 9 go+ to ,hades he 0 n go+ )\t a div9e de/9y1 b t :5 he arriv$ !re he w\ld be happy1 if any "o ev] 04 ,= ?is reason ,i 0 entirely un9flu5c$ by any feel+ ( pity1 z w\ld seem likely to be ! case ) "o pres5t on s m\rnful an occasion2 nor 0 ,i affect$ by pleasure f be+ engag$ 9 philosophical discussions1 z 0 our cu/om2 = our conv]sation 0 ( t k9d4 ,b an altoge!r unacc\ntable feel+ possess$ me1 a k9d ( unusual mixture comp\nd$ ( pleasure & pa9 toge!r1 :5 ,i consid]$ t he 0 imm$iately ab\t to die4 ,& all ( u :o 7 pres5t 7 affect$ 9 mu* ! same mann]1 at "o "t laugh+1 at ano!r weep+--"o ( u especially1 ,apollodorus1 = y "k ! man & 8 mann]4 ,e*4 ,h[ %\ld ,i n8 #f4 ,phd4 ,he1 !n1 0 entirely ov]come by ^! emotions2 & ,i1 too1 0 tr\bl$1 z well z ! o!rs4 ,e*4 ,b :o 7 pres5t1 ,phd8 ,phd4 ,( 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 ?is ,apollodorus 0 pres5t1 & ,critobulus1 & 8 fa!r1 ,crito2 moreov]1 ,h]mog5es1 ,epig5es1 s*9es & ,anti/h5es2 ,ctesippus ! ,panian1 ,m5ex5us1 & "s o!rs ( 8 c\ntrym51 7 also !re3 ,plato1 ,i ?9k1 0 sick4 ,e*4 ,7 any /rang]s pres5t8 ,phd4 ,yes2 ,simmias1 ! ,!ban1 ,cebes & ,phdondes2 & f ,meg>a1 ,euclides & ,t]psion4 #g4 ,e*4 ,b :at6 7 n ,ari/ippus & ,cleombrotus pres5t8 ,phd4 ,no1 = !y 7 said to be at g9a4 ,e*4 ,0 any "o else !re8 ,phd4 ,i ?9k t ^! 7 ne>ly all :o 7 pres5t4 ,e*4 ,well1 n[1 :at d y say 0 ! subject ( conv]sation8 ,phd4 ,i w endeavor to relate ! :ole to y f ! beg9n+4 ,on ! prec$+ days ,i & ! o!rs 7 con/antly 9 ! habit ( visit+ ,socrates1 meet+ e>ly 9 ! morn+ at ! c\rt h\se :]e ! trial took place1 = x 0 ne> ! prison4 #h4 ,"h1 !n1 we wait$ e day till ! prison 0 op5$1 conv]s+ ) ea* o!r1 = x 0 n op5$ v e>ly2 b z soon z x 0 op5$ we w5t 9 to ,socrates1 & usually sp5t ! day ) him4 ,on t occasion1 h[ev]1 we met e>li] ?an usual2 = on ! prec$+ day1 :5 we left ! prison 9 ! ev5+1 we he>d t ! %ip _h arriv$ f ,delos4 ,we !re=e urg$ ea* o!r to come z e>ly z possible to ! accu/om$ place4 ,accord+ly we came2 & ! port]1 :o us$ to admit u1 com+ out1 told u to wait1 & n to ent] until he _h call$ u4 ,=1 he said1 ! ,elev5 are n[ free+ ,socrates f 8 bonds1 & ann\nc+ to him t he mu/ die to-day4 ,b 9 no long "t he return$1 & bade u ent]4 #i4 ,:5 we ent]$1 we f\nd ,socrates j fre$ f 8 bonds1 & ,xantippe1 y "k h]1 hold+ 8 little boy1 & sitt+ by him4 ,z soon z ,xantippe saw u %e wept al\d1 & said su* ?+s z wom5 usually d on su* occasions--z1 ,socrates1 y\r fri5ds w n[ conv]se ) y = ! la/ "t1 & y ) !m4 ,b ,socrates1 look+ t[>ds ,crito1 said3 ,crito1 let "s "o take h] home4 ,^u :i* "s ( ,crito's att5dants l$ h] away1 wail+ & beat+ h]self4 ,b ,socrates1 sitt+ up 9 b$1 drew up 8 leg1 & rubb$ x ) 8 h&1 & z he rubb$ x1 said3 ,:at an unacc\ntable ?+1 my fri5ds1 t seems to be1 :i* m5 call pleasure6 & h[ wond]fully is x relat$ t[>d t :i* appe>s to be its contr>y1 pa91 9 t !y w n bo? be pres5t to a man at ! same "t6 ,yet if any "o pursues & atta9s ! "o1 he is almo/ always compell$ to receive ! o!r1 z if !y 7 bo? unit$ toge!r f "o head4 #aj4 ,& x seems tome1 he said1 t if sop _h obs]v$ ?is he w\ld h made a fable f x1 h[ ! deity1 wi%+ to reconcile ^! w>r+ pr9ciples1 :5 he c\ld n d s1 unit$ _! heads toge!r1 & f h5ce :omsoev] ! "o visits ! o!r att5ds imm$iately aft]2 z appe>s to be ! case ) me1 s9ce ,i suff]$ pa9 9 my leg be=e f ! *a91 b n[ pleasure seems to h succe$$4 ,h]eupon ,cebes1 int]rupt+ him1 said3 ,by ,jupit]6 ,socrates1 y h done well 9 rem9d+ me2 ) respect to ! poems :i* y made1 by putt+ into metre ^? ,fables ( sop & ! hymn to ,apollo1 sev]al o!r p]sons ask$ me1 & especially ,ev5us rec5tly1 ) :at design y made !m aft] y came "h1 :]eas be=e y _h nev] made any4 #aa4 ,if !re=e1 y c>e at all t ,i %\ld be able to answ] ,ev5us1 :5 he asks me aga9--= ,i am sure he w d s--tell me :at ,i mu/ say to him4 ,tell him ! tru?1 !n1 ,cebes1 he repli$1 t ,i did n make !m f a wi% to compete ) him1 or 8 poems1 = ,i knew t ?is w\ld be no easy matt]2 b t ,i might discov] ! mean+ ( c]ta9 dreams1 & dis*>ge my consci5ce1 if ?is %\ld happ5 to be ! music :i* !y h (t5 ord]$ me to apply myself to4 ,= !y 7 to ! foll[+ purport3 (t5 9 my pa/ life ! same dream visit$ me1 appe>+ at diff]5t times 9 diff]5t =ms1 yet always say+ ! same ?+--',socrates1' x said1 'apply y\rself to & practice music4' #ab4 ,& ,i =m]ly suppos$ t x exhort$ & enc\rag$ me to cont9ue ! pursuit ,i 0 engag$ 91 z ^? :o *e] on rac]s1 s t ! dream enc\rag$ me to cont9ue ! pursuit ,i 0 engag$ 9--namely1 to apply myself to music1 s9ce philosophy is ! highe/ music1 & ,i 0 devot$ to x4 ,b n[ s9ce my trial took place1 & ! fe/ival ( ! god ret>d$ my dea?1 x appe>$ to me t if by *ance ! dream s frequ5tly enjo9$ me to apply myself to popul> music1 ,i ought n to disobey x1 b d s1 = t x w\ld be saf] = me n to dep>t h5ce be=e ,i _h dis*>g$ my consci5ce by mak+ "s poems 9 ob$i5ce to ! dream4 ,?us1 !n1 ,i fir/ ( all compos$ a hymn to ! god ^: fe/ival 0 pres5t2 & aft] ! god1 consid]+ t a poet1 if he means to be a poet1 ought to make fables1 & n disc\rses1 & kn[+ t ,i 0 n skill$ 9 mak+ fables1 ,i !re=e put into v]se ^? ,fables ( sop1 :i* 7 at h&1 & 7 kn[n to me1 & :i* fir/ occurr$ to me4 #ac4 ,tell ?is1 !n1 to ,ev5us1 ,cebes1 & bid him f>ewell1 & if he is wise1 to foll[ me z soon z he c4 ,b ,i dep>t1 z x seems1 to-day2 = s ! ,a!nians ord]4 ,to ?is ,simmias said1 ,:at is ?is1 ,socrates1 :i* y exhort ,ev5us to d8 = ,i (t5 meet ) him2 &1 f :at ,i "k ( him1 ,i am pretty c]ta9 t he w n at all be will+ to comply ) y\r advice4 ,:at1 !n1 said he1 is n ,ev5us a philosoph]8 ,to me he seems to be s1 said ,simmias4 ,!n he w be will+1 rejo9$ ,socrates1 & s w e "o :o wor?ily engages 9 ?is /udy4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 he w n commit viol5ce on himself2 = t1 !y say1 is n all[able4 ,& z he said ?is he let d[n 8 leg f ! b$ on ! gr\nd1 & 9 ?is po/ure cont9u$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! discussion4 ,cebes !n ask$ him1 ,:at d y mean1 ,socrates1 by say+ t x is n lawful to commit viol5ce on "o's self1 b t a philosoph] %\ld be will+ to foll[ "o :o is dy+8 #ad4 ,:at1 ,cebes6 h n y & ,simmias1 :o h conv]s$ famili>ly ) ,philolaus#bf on ?is subject1 he>d8 ,no?+ v cle>ly1 ,socrates4 ,i1 h[ev]1 speak only f he>say2 :at1 !n1 ,i h he>d ,i h no scruple 9 tell+4 ,& p]haps x is mo/ becom+ = "o :o is ab\t to travel !re to inquire & speculate ab\t ! j\rney ?i!r1 :at k9d we ?9k x is4 ,:at else c "o d 9 ! int]val be=e sunset8 ,:y1 !n1 ,socrates1 d !y say t x is n all[able to kill "o's self8 = ,i1 z y ask$ j n[1 h he>d bo? ,philolaus1 :5 he liv$ ) u1 & sev]al o!rs1 say t x 0 n "r to d ?is2 b ,i nev] he>d any ?+ cle> ^u ! subject f any "o4 #ae4 ,!n1 y %\ld consid] x att5tively1 said ,socrates1 = p]haps y may he>4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 x w appe> wond]ful to y1 if ?is alone1 ( all o!r ?+s1 is a univ]sal tru?1#bg & x nev] happ5s to a man1 z is ! case 9 all o!r ?+s1 t at "s times & to "s p]sons only x is bett] to die ?an to live2 yet t ^! m5 = :om x is bett] to die--?is probably w appe> wond]ful to y--may n )\t impiety d ?is good to !mselves1 b mu/ await ano!r b5efactor4 #af4 ,!n ,cebes1 g5tly smil+1 said1 speak+ 9 8 own dialect1#bh ,jove be witness6 ,&1 inde$1 said ,socrates1 x w\ld appe> to be unreasonable2 yet /ill1 p]haps1 x has "s reason on its side4 ,! maxim1 inde$1 giv5 on ?is subject 9 ! my/ical doctr9es1#bi t we m5 are 9 a k9d ( prison1 & t we ought n to free ourselves f x & escape1 appe>s to me difficult to be und]/ood1 & n easy to p5etrate4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 appe>s to me1 ,cebes1 to be well said3 t ! gods take c>e ( u1 & t we m5 are "o ( _! possessions4 ,does x n seem s to y8 ,x does1 repli$ ,cebes4 ,!re=e1 said he1 if "o ( y\r slaves 7 to kill himself1 )\t y\r hav+ intimat$ t y wi%$ him to die1 %\ld y n be angry ) him1 & %\ld y n puni% him if y c\ld8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,p]haps1 !n1 9 ?is po9t ( view1 x is n unreasonable to ass]t t a man ought n to kill himself be=e ! deity lays him "u a necessity ( do+ s1 su* z t n[ laid on me4 #ag4 ,?is1 inde$1 said ,cebes1 appe>s to be probable4 ,b :at y said j n[1 ,socrates1 t philosoph]s %\ld be v will+ to die1 appe>s to be an absurdity1 if :at we said j n[ is agreeable to reason--t x is ,god :o takes c>e ( u1 & t we are 8 prop]ty4 ,= t ! wise/ m5 %\ld n be griev$ at leav+ t s]vice 9 :i* !y gov]n !m :o are ! be/ ( all ma/]s--namely1 ! gods--is n consi/5t ) reason2 = surely he c n ?9k t he w take bett] c>e ( himself :5 he has become free4 ,b a fooli% man might p]haps ?9k ?us1 t he %\ld fly f 8 ma/]1 & w\ld n reflect t he ought n to fly f a good "o1 b %\ld cl+ to him z mu* z possible2 !re=e he w\ld fly aga9/ all reason2 b a man ( s5se w\ld desire to be con/antly ) "o bett] ?an himself4 ,?us1 ,socrates1 ! contr>y ( :at y j n[ said is likely to be ! case2 = x becomes ! wise to be griev$ at dy+1 b ! fooli% to rejoice4 #ah4 ,socrates1 on he>+ ?is1 appe>$ to me to be pleas$ ) ! p]t9acity ( ,cebes1 &1 look+ t[>d u1 said1 ,cebes1 y see1 always se>*es out argum5ts1 & is n at all will+ to admit at once any ?+ "o has said4 ,:]eupon ,simmias repli$1 ,b1 inde$1 ,socrates1 ,cebes appe>s to me n[ to say some?+ to ! purpose2 = ) :at design %\ld m5 really wise fly f ma/]s :o are bett] ?an !mselves1 & s readily leave !m8 ,& ,cebes appe>s to me to direct 8 argum5t aga9/ y1 because y s easily endure to ab&on bo? u & ^? good rul]s1 z y y\rself confess1 ! gods4 ,y speak ju/ly1 said ,socrates1 = ,i ?9k y mean t ,i ought to make my def5se to ?is *>ge1 z if ,i 7 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,c]ta9ly1 repli$ ,simmias4 #ai4 ,come1 !n1 said he1 ,i w endeavor to def5d myself m successfully be=e y ?an be=e ! judges4 ,=1 he proce$$1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 if ,i did n ?9k t ,i %\ld g1 fir/ ( all1 among o!r deities :o are bo? wise & good1 &1 next1 among m5 :o h dep>t$ ?is life1 bett] ?an any "h1 ,i %\ld be wrong 9 n griev+ at dea?2 b n[1 be assur$1 ,i hope to g among good m51 ?\gh ,i w\ld n positively ass]t x4 ,t1 h[ev]1 ,i %all g among gods :o are p]fectly good ma/]s1 be assur$ ,i c positively ass]t ?is1 if ,i c any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,s t1 on ?is acc\nt1 ,i am n s mu* tr\bl$1 b ,i ent]ta9 a good hope t some?+ awaits ^? :o die1 & t1 z 0 said long s9ce1 x w be f> bett] = ! good ?an ! evil4 #bj4 ,:at1 !n1 ,socrates1 said ,simmias1 w\ld y g away keep+ ?is p]suasion to y\rself1 or w\ld y imp>t x to u8 ,= ?is good appe>s to me to be also common to u2 & at ! same "t x w be an apology = y1 if y c p]suade u to believe :at y say4 ,i w endeavor to d s1 he said4 ,b fir/ let u att5d to ,crito "h1 & see :at x is he seems to h = "s "t wi%$ to say4 ,:at else1 ,socrates1 said ,crito1 b :at he :o is to give y ! poison told me "s "t ago1 t ,i %\ld tell y to speak z little z possible8 ,= he says t m5 become too mu* heat$ by speak+1 & t no?+ ( ?is k9d ought to int]f]e ) ! poison2 & t1 o!rwise1 ^? :o did s 7 sometimes compell$ to dr9k two or ?ree times4 ,to :i* ,socrates repli$1 ,let him alone1 & let him att5d to 8 own bus9ess1 & prep>e to give x me twice1 or1 if occasion require1 ev5 ?rice4 #ba4 ,i 0 almo/ c]ta9 :at y w\ld say1 answ]$ ,crito1 b he has be5 "s "t pe/]+ me4 ,nev] m9d him1 he rejo9$4 ,b n[ ,i wi% to r5d] an acc\nt to y1 my judges1 ( ! reason :y a man :o has really devot$ 8 life to philosophy1 :5 he is ab\t to die1 appe>s to me1 on good gr\nds1 to h confid5ce1 & to ent]ta9 a firm hope t ! greate/ good w befall him 9 ! o!r _w :5 he has dep>t$ ?is life4 ,h[1 !n1 ?is comes to pass1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 ,i w endeavor to expla94 ,= z _m z rightly apply !mselves to philosophy seem to h left all o!rs 9 ignorance1 t !y aim at no?+ else ?an to die & be dead4 ,if ?is1 !n1 is true1 x w\ld surely be absurd to be anxi\s ab\t no?+ else ?an ?is dur+ _! :ole life1 b1 :5 x arrives1 to be griev$ at :at !y h be5 long anxi\s ab\t & aim$ at4 #bb4 ,^u ?is1 ,simmias1 smil+1 said1 ,by ,jupit]6 ,socrates1 ?\gh ,i am n n[ at all incl9$ to smile1 y h made me d s2 = ,i ?9k t ! multitude1 if !y he>d ?is1 w\ld ?9k x 0 v well said 9 ref]5ce to philosoph]s1 & t our c\ntrym5 p>ticul>ly w\ld agree ) y1 t true philosoph]s d desire dea?1 & t !y are by no means ignorant t !y des]ve to suff] x4 ,&1 inde$1 ,simmias1 !y w\ld speak ! tru?1 except 9 ass]t+ t !y are n ignorant2 = !y are ignorant ( ! s5se 9 :i* true philosoph]s desire to die1 & 9 :at s5se !y des]ve dea?1 & :at k9d ( dea?4 ,b1 he said1 let u take leave ( !m1 & speak to "o ano!r4 ,d we ?9k t dea? is any ?+8 ,c]ta9ly1 repli$ ,simmias4 #bc4 ,is x any ?+ else ?an ! sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body8 ,& is n ?is to die1 = ! body to be ap>t by itself sep>at$ f ! s\l1 & = ! s\l to subsi/ ap>t by itself sep>at$ f ! body8 ,is dea? any ?+ else ?an ?is8 ,no1 b ?is1 he repli$4 ,consid]1 !n1 my good fri5d1 :e!r y are ( ! same op9ion z ,i2 = ?us1 ,i ?9k1 we %all und]/& bett] ! subject we are consid]+4 ,does x appe> to y to be becom+ 9 a philosoph] to be anxi\s ab\t pleasures1 z !y are call$1 su* z meats & dr9ks8 ,by no means1 ,socrates1 said ,simmias4 ,b :at8 ab\t ! pleasures ( love8 ,n at all4 #bd4 ,:at1 !n8 ,does su* a man appe> to y to ?9k o!r bodily indulg5ces ( value8 ,= in/ance1 does he seem to y to value or despise ! possession ( magnific5t g>m5ts & s&als1 & o!r ornam5ts ( ! body except s f> z necessity compels him to use !m8 ,! true philosoph]1 he answ]$1 appe>s to me to despise !m4 ,does n1 !n1 he cont9u$1 ! :ole employm5t ( su* a man appe> to y to be1 n ab\t ! body1 b to sep>ate himself f x z mu* z possible1 & be occupi$ ab\t 8 s\l8 ,x does4 ,fir/ ( all1 !n1 9 su* matt]s1 does n ! philosoph]1 above all o!r m51 evid5tly free 8 s\l z mu* z he c f communion ) ! body8 ,x appe>s s4 #be4 ,& x appe>s1 ,simmias1 to ! g5]ality ( m51 t he :o takes no pleasure 9 su* ?+s1 & :o does n use !m1 does n des]ve to live2 b t he ne>ly approa*es to dea? :o c>es no?+ = ! pleasures t subsi/ ?r\gh ! body4 ,y speak v truly4 ,b :at ) respect to ! acquisition ( wisdom8 ,is ! body an imp$im5t1 or n1 if any "o takes x ) him z a p>tn] 9 ! se>*8 ,:at ,i mean is ?is3 ,d sight & he>+ convey any tru? to m51 or are !y su* z ! poets con/antly s+1 :o say t we nei!r he> nor see any ?+ ) accuracy8 ,if1 h[ev]1 ^! bodily s5ses are nei!r accurate nor cle>1 mu* less c ! o!rs be s2 = !y are all f> inf]ior to ^!4 ,d !y n seem s to y8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 #bf4 ,:51 !n1 said he1 does ! s\l light on ! tru?8 = :5 x attempts to consid] any ?+ 9 conjunction ) ! body1 x is pla9 t x is !n l$ a/ray by x4 ,y say truly4 ,mu/ x n1 !n1 be by reason+1 if at all1 t any ( ! ?+s t really are become kn[n to x8 ,yes4 ,& surely ! s\l !n reasons be/ :5 none ( ^! ?+s di/urb x--nei!r he>+1 nor sight1 nor pa91 nor pleasure ( any k9d2 b x retires z mu* z possible )9 itself1 tak+ leave ( ! body2 &1 s f> z x c1 n communicat+ or be+ 9 contact ) x1 x aims at ! discov]y ( t :i* is4 ,su* is ! case4 ,does n1 !n1 ! s\l ( ! philosoph]1 9 ^! cases1 despise ! body1 & flee f x1 & seek to retire )9 itself8 ,x appe>s s4 #bg4 ,b :at z to su* ?+s z ^!1 ,simmias8 ,d we say t ju/ice itself is some?+ or no?+8 ,we say x is some?+1 by ,jupit]6 ,& t beauty & goodness are some?+8 ,h[ n8 ,n[1 !n1 h y ev] se5 any ?+ ( ?is k9d ) y\r eyes8 ,by no means1 he repli$4 ,did y ev] lay hold ( !m by any o!r bodily s5se8 ,b ,i speak g5]ally1 z ( magnitude1 heal?1 /r5g? &1 9 a ^w1 ( ! ess5ce ( e ?+2 t is to say1 :at ea* is4 ,is1 !n1 ! exact tru? ( ^! p]ceiv$ by means ( ! body1 or is x ?us1 :oev] among u habituates himself to reflect mo/ deeply & accurately on ea* sev]al ?+ ab\t :i* he is consid]+1 he w make ! ne>e/ approa* to ! k ( x8 ,c]ta9ly4 #bh4 ,w\ld n he1 !n1 d ?is ) ! utmo/ purity1 :o %\ld 9 ! highe/ degree approa* ea* subject by means ( ! m]e m5tal faculties1 nei!r employ+ ! sight 9 conjunction ) ! reflective faculty1 nor introduc+ any o!r s5se toge!r ) reason+2 b :o1 us+ pure reflection by itself1 %\ld attempt to se>* out ea* ess5ce purely by itself1 fre$ z mu* z possible f ! eyes & e>s1 &1 9 a ^w1 f ! :ole body1 z di/urb+ ! s\l1 & n suff]+ x to acquire tru? & wisdom1 :5 x is 9 communion ) x4 ,is n he ! p]son1 ,simmias1 if any "o c1 :o w arrive at ! k ( t :i* is8 #bi4 ,y speak ) wond]ful tru?1 ,socrates1 repli$ ,simmias4 ,:]e=e1 he said1 x necess>ily foll[s f all ?is t "s su* op9ion z ?is %\ld be ent]ta9$ by g5u9e philosoph]s1 s t !y %\ld speak among !mselves z foll[s3 ',a by-pa?1 z x 71 seems to lead u on 9 our rese>*es und]tak5 by reason1' because s long z we are encumb]$ ) ! body1 & our s\l is contam9at$ ) su* an evil1 we c nev] fully atta9 to :at we desire2 & ?is1 we say1 is tru?4 ,= ! body subjects u to innum]able h9d]ances on acc\nt ( its necess>y support2 &1 moreov]1 if any diseases befall u1 !y imp$e u 9 our se>* aft] t :i* is2 & x fills u ) long+s1 desires1 fe>s1 all k9ds ( fancies1 & a multitude ( absurdities1 s t1 z x is said 9 real tru?1 by reason ( ! body x is nev] possible = u to make any advances 9 wisdom4 #cj4 ,= no?+ else ?an ! body & its desires occasion w>s1 s$itions1 & conte/s2 = all w>s among u arise on acc\nt ( our desire to acquire weal?3 & we are compell$ to acquire weal? on acc\nt ( ! body1 be+ enslav$ to its s]vice2 & consequ5tly on all ^! acc\nts we are h9d]$ 9 ! pursuit ( philosophy4 ,b ! wor/ ( all is1 t if x leaves u any leisure1 & we apply ourselves to ! consid]ation ( any subject1 x con/antly obtrudes itself 9 ! mid/ ( our rese>*es1 & occasions tr\ble & di/urbance1 & conf\nds u s t we are n able1 by reason ( x1 to disc]n ! tru?4 ,x has1 !n1 9 reality be5 demon/rat$ to u t if we are ev] to "k any ?+ purely1 we mu/ be sep>at$ f ! body1 & contemplate ! ?+s !mselves by ! m]e s\l2 & !n1 z x seems1 we %all obta9 t :i* we desire1 & :i* we pr(ess ourselves to be lov]s (--wisdom--:5 we are dead1 z reason %[s1 b n :ile we are alive4 #ca4 ,= if x is n possible to "k any ?+ purely 9 conjunction ) ! body1 "o ( ^! two ?+s mu/ foll[1 ei!r t we c nev] acquire k1 or only aft] we are dead2 = !n ! s\l w subsi/ ap>t by itself1 sep>ate f ! body1 b n be=e4 ,& :ile we live we %all ?us1 z x seems1 approa* ne>e/ to k1 if we hold no int]c\rse or communion at all ) ! body1 except :at absolute necessity requires1 nor suff] ourselves to be pollut$ by its nature1 b purify ourselves f x1 until ,god himself %all release u4 ,& ?us be+ pure1 & fre$ f ! folly ( body1 we %all 9 all likelihood be ) o!rs l ourselves1 & %all ( ourselves "k ! :ole real ess5ce1 & t probably is tru?2 = x is n all[able = ! impure to atta9 to ! pure4 ,su* ?+s1 ,i ?9k1 ,simmias1 all true lov]s ( wisdom mu/ bo? ?9k & say to "o ano!r4 ,does x n seem s to y8 ,mo/ assur$ly1 ,socrates4 #cb4 ,if ?is1 !n1 said ,socrates1 is true1 my fri5d1 !re is great hope = "o :o arrives :]e ,i am go+1 !re1 if any:]e1 to acquire t 9 p]fection = ! sake ( :i* we h tak5 s mu* pa9s dur+ our pa/ life2 s t ! j\rney n[ appo9t$ me is set out ^u ) good hope1 & w be s by any o!r man :o ?9ks t 8 m9d has be51 z x 71 purifi$4 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,simmias4 ,b does n purification consi/ 9 ?is1 z 0 said 9 a =m] "p ( our disc\rse1 9 sep>at+ z mu* z possible ! s\l f ! body1 & 9 accu/om+ x to ga!r & collect itself by itself on all sides ap>t f ! body1 & to dwell1 s f> z x c1 bo? n[ & h]eaft]1 alone by itself1 deliv]$1 z x 71 f ! %ackles ( ! body8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 #cc4 ,is ?is1 !n1 call$ dea?1 ?is deliv]ance & sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body8 ,assur$ly1 he answ]$4 ,b1 z we affirm$1 ^? :o pursue philosophy rightly are especially & alone desir\s to deliv] x2 & ?is is ! v /udy ( philosoph]s1 ! deliv]ance & sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body1 is x n8 ,x appe>s s4 ,!n1 z ,i said at fir/1 w\ld x n be ridicul\s = a man :o has endeavor$ ?r\gh\t 8 life to live z ne> z possible to dea?1 !n1 :5 dea? arrives1 to grieve8 w\ld n ?is be ridicul\s8 ,h[ %\ld x n8 ,9 reality1 !n1 ,simmias1 he cont9u$1 ^? :o pursue philosophy rightly1 /udy to die2 & to !m1 ( all m51 dea? is lea/ =midable4 ,judge f ?is4 ,s9ce !y altoge!r hate ! body & desire to keep ! s\l by itself1 w\ld x n be irrational if1 :5 ?is comes to pass1 !y %\ld be afraid & grieve1 & n be glad to g to t place :]e1 on _! arrival1 !y may hope to obta9 t :i* !y long$ = ?r\gh\t life8 ,b !y long$ = wisdom1 & to be fre$ f association ) t :i* !y hat$4 #cd4 ,h _m ( _! own accord wi%$ to desc5d into ,hades1 on acc\nt ( human objects ( affection1 _! wives & sons1 induc$ by ?is v hope ( _! see+ & be+ ) ^? :om !y h lov$8 & %all "o :o really loves wisdom1 & firmly *]i%es ?is v hope1 t he %all n[h]e else atta9 x 9 a mann] wor?y ( ! "n1 except 9 ,hades1 be griev$ at dy+1 & n gladly g !re8 ,we mu/ ?9k t he w\ld gladly g1 my fri5d1 if he be 9 tru? a philosoph]2 = he w be firmly p]suad$ ( ?is1 t he w n[h]e else ?an !re atta9 wisdom 9 its purity2 & if ?is be s1 w\ld x n be v irrational1 z ,i j n[ said1 if su* a man 7 to be afraid ( dea?8 ,v mu* s1 by ,jupit]6 he repli$4 #ce4 ,w\ld n ?is1 !n1 he resum$1 be a suffici5t pro( to y ) respect to a man :om y %\ld see griev$ :5 ab\t to die1 t he 0 n a lov] ( wisdom1 b a lov] ( 8 body8 ,& ?is same p]son is probably a lov] ( ri*es & a lov] ( honor1 "o or bo? ( ^!4 ,x c]ta9ly is z y say1 he repli$4 ,does n1 !n1 he said1 t :i* is call$ =titude1 ,simmias1 em95tly belong to philosoph]s8 ,by all means1 he answ]$4 ,& temp]ance1 also1 :i* ev5 ! multitude call temp]ance1 & :i* consi/s 9 n be+ c>ri$ away by ! passions1 b 9 hold+ !m 9 contempt1 & keep+ !m 9 subjection1 does n ?is belong to ^? only :o mo/ despise ! body1 & live 9 ! /udy ( philosophy8 ,necess>ily s1 he repli$4 #cf4 ,=1 he cont9u$1 if y w consid] ! =titude & temp]ance ( o!rs1 !y w appe> to y to be absurd4 ,h[ s1 ,socrates8 ,d y "k1 he said1 t all o!rs consid] dea? among ! great evils8 ,!y d inde$1 he answ]$4 ,!n1 d ! brave among !m endure dea? :5 !y d endure x1 ?r\gh dread ( great] evils8 ,x is s4 ,all m51 !re=e1 except philosoph]s1 are brave ?r\gh be+ afraid & fe>2 ?\gh x is absurd t any "o %\ld be brave ?r\gh fe> & c[>dice4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b :at1 are n ^? among !m :o keep _! passions 9 subjection affect$ 9 ! same way8 & are !y n temp]ate ?r\gh a k9d ( intemp]ance8 ,& al?\gh we may say1 p]haps1 t ?is is impossible1 nev]!less ! mann] 9 :i* !y are affect$ ) respect to ?is silly temp]ance resembles ?is1 =1 fe>+ to be depriv$ ( o!r pleasures1 & desir+ !m1 !y ab/a9 f "s1 be+ ma/]$ by o!rs4 ,& ?\gh !y call intemp]ance ! be+ gov]n$ by pleasures1 yet x happ5s to !m t1 by be+ ma/]$ by "s pleasures1 !y ma/] o!rs1 & ?is is simil> to :at 0 j n[ said1 t 9 a c]ta9 mann] !y become temp]ate ?r\gh intemp]ance4 ,s x seems1 #cg4 ,my de> ,simmias1 consid] t ?is is n a "r ex*ange = virtue1 to b>t] pleasures = pleasures1 pa9s = pa9s1 fe> = fe>1 & ! great] = ! less]1 l pieces ( money1 b t t alone is ! "r co91 = :i* we ought to b>t] all ^! ?+s1 wisdom1 & = ?is & ) ?is ev]y?+ is 9 reality b\ght & sold ,=titude1 temp]ance & ju/ice1 &1 9 a ^w true virtue1 subsi/ ) wisdom1 :e!r pleasures & fe>s1 & ev]y?+ else ( ! k9d1 are pres5t or abs5t1 b :5 sep>at$ f wisdom & *ang$ "o = ano!r1 consid] :e!r su* virtue is n a m]e outl9e & 9 reality s]vile1 possess+ nei!r s\ndness nor tru?4 ,b ! really true virtue is a purification f all su* ?+s1 & temp]ance1 ju/ice1 =titude & wisdom itself1 are a k9d ( initiatory purification #ch4 ,& ^? :o in/itut$ ! my/]ies = u appe> to h be5 by no means contemptible1 b 9 reality to h intimat$ long s9ce t :oev] %all arrive 9 ,hades unexpiat$ & un9itiat$ %all lie 9 mud1 b he t arrives !re purifi$ & initiat$ %all dwell ) ! gods ',= !re are1' say ^? :o preside at ! my/]ies1 '_m w&-be>]s1 b few inspir$'4 ,^! la/1 9 my op9ion1 are no o!r ?an ^? :o h pursu$ philosophy rightly t ,i might be ( _! numb]4 ,i h to ! utmo/ ( my ability left no means untri$1 b h endeavor$ to ! utmo/ ( my p[]4 ,b :e!r ,i h endeavor$ rightly1 & h 9 any respect succe$$1 on arriv+ !re ,i %all "k cle>ly1 if x please ,god--v %ortly1 z x appe>s to me4 #ci4 ,su*1 !n1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 he add$1 is ! def5se ,i make1 = t ,i1 on good gr\nds1 d n rep9e or grieve at leav+ y & my ma/]s "h1 be+ p]suad$ t !re1 no less ?an "h1 ,i %all meet ) good ma/]s & fri5ds4 ,b to ! multitude ?is is incr$ible ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i h succe$$ bett] ) y 9 my def5se ?an ,i did ) ! ,a!nian judges1 x is well4 ,:5 ,socrates _h ?us spok51 ,cebes1 tak+ up ! discussion1 said ,socrates1 all ! re/ appe>s to me to be said rightly1 b :at y h said respect+ ! s\l w occasion mu* incr$ulity 9 _m f ! appreh5sion t :5 x is sep>at$ f ! body x no long] exi/s any:]e1 b is de/roy$ & p]i%es on ! v day 9 :i* a man dies1 & t imm$iately x is sep>at$ & goes out f ! body x is disp]s$1 & vani%es l brea? or smoke1 & is no long] any:]e1 s9ce if x rema9$ any:]e unit$ 9 itself1 & fre$ f ^? evils :i* y h j n[ enum]at$1 !re w\ld be an abundant & good hope1 ,socrates1 t :at y say is true #dj4 ,b ?is probably ne$s no little p]suasion & pro(1 t ! s\l ( a man :o dies exi/s1 & possesses activity & intellig5ce4 ,y say truly1 ,cebes1 said ,socrates1 b :at %all we d8 ,are y will+ t we %\ld conv]se on ^! po9ts1 :e!r su* is probably ! case or n8 ,inde$1 repli$ ,cebes1 ,i %\ld gladly he> y\r op9ion on ^! matt]s4 ,i d n ?9k1 said ,socrates1 t any "o :o %\ld n[ he> u1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 a comic poet1 w\ld say t ,i am talk+ idly1 or disc\rs+ on subjects t d n conc]n me4 ,if y please1 !n1 we w exam9e into x4 ,let u consid] x 9 ?is po9t ( view1 :e!r ! s\ls ( m5 :o are dead exi/ 9 ,hades1 or n4 ,?is is an anci5t say+1 :i* we n[ call to m9d1 t s\ls dep>t+ h5ce exi/ !re1 & return hi!r aga91 & are produc$ f ! dead4 #da4 ,& if ?is is s1 t ! liv+ are produc$ aga9 f ! dead1 c !re be any o!r consequ5ce ?an t our s\ls are !re8 = surely !y c\ld n be produc$ aga9 if !y did n exi/2 & ?is w\ld be suffici5t pro( t ^! ?+s are s1 if x %\ld 9 reality be evid5t t ! liv+ are produc$ f no o!r s\rce ?an ! dead4 ,b if ?is is n ! case1 !re w be ne$ ( o!r argum5ts4 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,cebes4 ,y mu/ n1 !n1 he cont9u$1 consid] ?is only ) respect to m51 if y wi% to asc]ta9 x ) great] c]ta9ty1 b also ) respect to all animals & plants1 &1 9 a ^w1 ) respect to e ?+ t is subject to g5]ation4 ,let u see :e!r !y are n all s produc$1 no o!rwise ?an contr>ies f contr>ies1 :]ev] !y h any su* quality2 z1 = in/ance1 ! honorable is contr>y to ! base1 & ! j to ! unju/1 & s ) t5 ?\s& o!r ?+s4 #db4 ,let u consid] ?is1 !n1 :e!r x is necess>y t all ?+s :i* h a contr>y %\ld be produc$ f no?+ else ?an _! contr>y4 ,z1 = in/ance1 :5 any ?+ becomes great]1 is x n necess>y t1 f be+ previ\sly small]1 x aft]w>d became great]8 ,yes4 ,& if x becomes small]1 w x n1 f be+ previ\sly great]1 aft]w>d become small]8 ,x is s1 he repli$4 ,& f /rong]1 weak]8 & f sl[]1 swift]8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:at1 !n8 ,if any ?+ becomes worse1 mu/ x n become s f bett]8 & if m j1 f m unju/8 ,h[ %\ld x n8 ,we h !n1 he said1 suffici5tly det]m9$ ?is1 t all ?+s are ?us produc$1 contr>ies f contr>ies8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:at next8 ,is !re also some?+ ( ?is k9d 9 !m2 = in/ance1 betwe5 all two contr>ies a mutual tw(old production1 f "o to ! o!r1 & f t o!r back aga98 = betwe5 a great] ?+ & a small] !re are increase & decrease1 & d we n accord+ly call ! "o to increase1 ! o!r to decrease8 ,yes1 he repli$4 #dc4 ,& mu/ n to be sep>at$ & comm+l$1 to gr[ cold & to gr[ w>m1 & e ?+ 9 ! same mann]1 ev5 ?\gh sometimes we h n names to designate !m1 yet 9 fact be ev]y:]e ?us circum/anc$1 ( necessity1 z to be produc$ f ea* o!r1 & be subject to a reciprocal g5]ation8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,:at1 !n8 said ,socrates1 has life any contr>y1 z wak+ has its contr>y1 sleep+8 ,c]ta9ly1 he answ]$4 ,:at8 ,dea?1 he repli$4 ,are n ^!1 !n1 produc$ f ea* o!r1 s9ce !y are contr>ies2 & are n ! modes by :i* !y are produc$ two-fold int]v5+ betwe5 ^! two8 ,h[ %\ld x be o!rwise8 ,i !n1 cont9u$ ,socrates1 w describe to y "o pair ( ! contr>ies :i* ,i h j n[ m5tion$1 bo? :at x is & its mode ( production3 & d y describe to me ! o!r4 ,i say t "o is to sleep1 ! o!r to awake2 & f sleep+ awak+ is produc$1 & f awak+ sleep+1 & t ! modes ( _! production are1 ! "o to fall asleep1 ! o!r to be r\s$4 #dd4 ,h ,i suffici5tly expla9$ ?is to y or n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,d y1 !n1 he said1 describe to me 9 ! same mann] ) respect to life & dea?8 ,d y n say t life is contr>y to dea?8 ,i d4 ,& t !y are produc$ f ea* o!r8 ,yes4 ,:at1 !n1 is produc$ f life8 ,dea?1 he repli$4 ,:at1 !n1 said he is produc$ f dea?8 ,i mu/ ne$s confess1 he repli$1 t life is4 ,f ! dead1 !n1 ,o ,cebes6 liv+ ?+s & liv+ m5 are produc$4 ,x appe>s s1 he said4 ,our s\ls1 !re=e1 said ,socrates1 exi/ 9 ,hades4 ,s x seems4 ,) respect1 !n1 to _! mode ( production1 is n "o ( !m v cle>8 = to die surely is cle>1 is x n8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,:at1 !n1 %all we d8 he cont9u$2 %all we n f9d a correspond+ contr>y mode ( production1 or w nature be defective 9 ?is8 ,or mu/ we discov] a contr>y mode ( production to dy+8 ,by all means1 he said4 ,:at is ?is8 ,to revive4 ,!re=e1 he proce$$1 if !re is su* a ?+ z to revive1 w n ?is reviv+ be a mode ( production f ! dead to ! liv+8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,?us1 !n1 we h agre$ t ! liv+ are produc$ f ! dead1 no less ?an ! dead f ! liv+2 b1 ?is be+ ! case1 !re appe>s to me suffici5t pro( t ! s\ls ( ! dead mu/ necess>ily exi/ some:]e1 f :5ce !y are aga9 produc$4 #de4 ,x appe>s to me1 ,socrates1 he said t ?is mu/ necess>ily foll[ f :at has be5 admitt$4 ,see n[1 ,o ,cebes6 he said1 t we h n agre$ on ^! ?+s improp]ly1 z x appe>s to me2 = if "o class ( ?+s 7 n con/antly giv5 back 9 ! place ( ano!r1 revolv+1 z x 71 9 a circle1 b g5]ation 7 direct f "o ?+ alone into its opposite1 & did n turn r\nd aga9 to ! o!r1 or retrace its c\rse1 d y "k t all ?+s w\ld at l5g? h ! same =m1 be 9 ! same /ate1 & cease to be produc$8 ,h[ say y8 he ask$4 ,x is by no means difficult1 he repli$1 to und]/& :at ,i mean2 if1 = in/ance1 !re %\ld be su* a ?+ z fall+ asleep1 b no reciprocal wak+ aga9 produc$ f a /ate ( sleep1 y "k t at l5g? all ?+s w\ld %[ ! fable ( ,endymion to be a je/1 & x w\ld be ?\ght no?+ at all (1 because ev]y?+ else w\ld be 9 ! same /ate z he--namely1 asleep4 ,& if all ?+s 7 m+l$ toge!r1 b nev] sep>at$1 t doctr9e ( ,anaxagoras w\ld soon be v]ifi$1 'all ?+s w\ld be toge!r4' #df4 ,likewise1 my de> ,cebes1 if all ?+s t p>take ( life %\ld die1 & aft] !y are dead %\ld rema9 9 ?is /ate ( dea?1 & n revive aga91 w\ld x n necess>ily foll[ t at l5g? all ?+s %\ld be dead1 & no?+ alive8 ,= if liv+ be+s are produc$ f o!r ?+s1 & liv+ be+s die1 :at c\ld prev5t _! be+ all absorb$ 9 dea?8 ,no?+ :atev]1 ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 repli$ ,cebes2 b y appe> to me to speak ! exact tru?4 ,=1 ,cebes1 he cont9u$1 z x seems to me1 su* und\bt$ly is ! case1 & we h n admitt$ ^! ?+s "u a delusion1 = x is 9 reality true t !re is a reviv+ aga91 t ! liv+ are produc$ f ! dead1 t ! s\ls ( ! dead exi/1 & t ! condition ( ! good is bett]1 & ( ! evil worse4 #dg4 ,&1 inde$1 said ,cebes1 int]rupt+ him1 accord+ to t doctr9e1 ,socrates1 :i* y are frequ5tly 9 ! habit ( advanc+1 if x is true1 t our le>n+ is no?+ else ?an rem9isc5ce1 accord+ to ?is x is surely necess>y t we mu/ at "s =m] "t h le>n$ :at we n[ rememb]4 ,b ?is is impossible1 unless our s\l exi/$ some:]e be=e x came into ?is human =m2 s t f h5ce1 also1 ! s\l appe>s to be some?+ immortal4 ,b1 ,cebes1 said ,simmias1 int]rupt+ him1 :at pro(s are !re ( ^! ?+s8 ,rem9d me ( !m1 = ,i d n v well rememb] !m at pres5t4 #dh4 ,x is prov$1 said ,cebes1 by "o argum5t1 & t a mo/ beautiful "o1 t m51 :5 que/ion$ 7if "o que/ions !m prop]ly7 ( !mselves1 describe all ?+s z !y are1 h[ev]1 if !y _h n innate k & "r reason1 !y w\ld nev] be able to d ?is4 ,moreov]1 if "o leads !m to diagrams1 or any ?+ else ( ! k9d1 x is !n mo/ cle>ly app>5t t ?is is ! case4 ,b if y are n p]suad$ 9 ?is way1 ,simmias1 said ,socrates1 see if y w agree ) u 9 consid]+ ! matt] ?us4 ,= d y d\bt h[ t :i* is call$ le>n+ is rem9isc5ce8 ,i d n d\bt1 said ,simmias2 b ,i require ?is v ?+ ( :i* we are speak+1 to be rem9d$2 &1 inde$1 f :at ,cebes has begun to say1 ,i almo/ n[ rememb]1 & am p]suad$2 nev]!less1 h[ev]1 ,i %\ld l to he> n[ h[ y w\ld attempt to prove x4 ,i d x ?us he repli$3 we admit1 surely1 t if any "o be rem9d$ ( any ?+1 he mu/ ne$s h kn[n t ?+ at "s "t or o!r be=e4 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 #di4 ,d we1 !n1 admit ?is also1 t :5 k comes 9 a c]ta9 mann] x is rem9isc5ce8 ,b ! mann] ,i mean is ?is3 if any "o1 ^u see+ or he>+1 or p]ceiv+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( any o!r s5se1 "s p>ticul> ?+1 %\ld n only "k t1 b also =m an idea ( some?+ else1 ( :i* ! k is n ! same1 b diff]5t1 %\ld we n ju/ly say t he rememb]$ t ( :i* he receiv$ ! idea8 ,h[ mean y8 ,= in/ance1 ! k ( a man is diff]5t f t ( a lyre4 ,h[ n8 ,d y n "k1 !n1 t lov]s :5 !y see a lyre1 or a g>m5t1 or any ?+ else :i* _! favorite is accu/om$ to use1 are ?us affect$2 !y bo? recognize ! lyre1 & receive 9 _! m9ds ! =m ( ! p]son to :om ! lyre belong$8 ,?is is rem9isc5ce3 j z any "o1 see+ ,simmias1 is (t5 rem9d$ ( ,cebes1 & s 9 an inf9ite numb] ( simil> in/ances4 ,an inf9ite numb]1 inde$1 by ,jupit]6 said ,simmias4 ,is n1 !n1 he said1 some?+ ( ?is sort a k9d ( rem9isc5ce1 especially :5 "o is ?us affect$ ) respect to ?+s :i*1 f lapse ( "t1 & n ?9k+ ( !m1 "o has n[ =gott58 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 #ej4 ,b :at8 he cont9u$4 ,does x happ5 t :5 "o sees a pa9t$ horse or a pa9t$ lyre "o is rem9d$ ( a man1 & t :5 "o sees a picture ( ,simmias "o is rem9d$ ( ,cebes8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& does x n also happ5 t on see+ a picture ( ,simmias "o is rem9d$ ( ,simmias himself8 ,x does1 inde$1 he repli$4 ,does x n happ51 !n1 accord+ to all ?is1 t rem9isc5ce arises p>tly f ?+s l1 & p>tly f ?+s unlike8 ,x does4 ,b :5 "o is rem9d$ by ?+s l1 is x n necess>y t "o %\ld be ?us fur!r affect$1 s z to p]ceive :e!r1 z reg>ds lik5ess1 ?is falls %ort or n ( ! ?+ ( :i* "o has be5 rem9d$8 ,x is necess>y1 he repli$4 ,consid]1 !n1 said ,socrates1 if ! case is ?us4 ,d we all[ t !re is su* a ?+ z equality8 ,i d n mean ( "o log ) ano!r1 nor "o /one ) ano!r1 nor any ?+ else ( ?is k9d1 b some?+ altoge!r diff]5t f all ^!--ab/ract equality2 d we all[ t !re is any su* ?+1 or n8 ,by ,jupit]6 we mo/ assur$ly d all[ x1 repli$ ,simmias4 #ea4 ,& d we "k :at x is itself8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,:5ce h we d]iv$ ! k ( x8 ,is x n f ! ?+s we h j n[ m5tion$1 & t f see+ logs1 or /ones1 or o!r ?+s ( ! k9d1 equal1 we h f ^! =m$ an idea ( t :i* is diff]5t f ^!--= does x n appe> to y to be diff]5t8 ,consid] ! matt] ?us4 ,d n /ones t are equal1 & logs sometimes t are ! same1 appe> at "o "t equal1 & at ano!r n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b :at8 ,does ab/ract equality ev] appe> to y unequal8 or equality inequality8 ,nev]1 ,socrates1 at any "t4 ,^! equal ?+s1 !n1 he said1 & ab/ract equality1 are n ! same8 ,by no means1 ,socrates1 z x appe>s4 ,h[ev]1 f ^! equal ?+s1 he said1 :i* are diff]5t f t ab/ract equality1 h y n =m$ y\r idea & d]iv$ y\r k ( x8 ,y speak mo/ truly1 he repli$4 ,is x n1 !re=e1 f its be+ l or unlike !m8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b x makes no diff]5ce1 he said4 ,:51 !re=e1 on see+ "o ?+1 y =m1 f ! sight ( x1 ! notion ( ano!r1 :e!r l or unlike1 ?is1 he said1 mu/ necess>ily be rem9isc5ce4 ,c]ta9ly4 #eb4 ,:at1 !n1 z to ?is8 he cont9u$4 ,are we affect$ 9 any su* way ) reg>d to logs & ! equal ?+s we h j n[ spok5 (8 ,& d !y appe> to u to be equal 9 ! same mann] z ab/ract equality itself is1 or d !y fall %ort 9 "s degree1 or n at all1 ( be+ su* z equality itself is8 ,!y fall f> %ort1 he repli$4 ,d we admit1 !n1 t :5 "o1 on behold+ "s p>ticul> ?+1 p]ceives t x aims1 z t :i* ,i n[ see1 at be+ l some?+ else t exi/s1 b falls %ort ( x1 & c n become su* z t is1 b is inf]ior to x--d we admit t he :o p]ceives ?is mu/ necess>ily h _h a previ\s k ( t :i* he says x resembles1 ?\gh imp]fectly8 ,x is necess>y4 ,:at1 !n8 ,are we affect$ 9 "s su* way1 or n1 ) respect to ?+s equal & ab/ract equality itself8 ,assur$ly4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 t we mu/ h kn[n ab/ract equality be=e ! "t :51 on fir/ see+ equal ?+s1 we p]ceiv$ t !y all aim$ at resembl+ equality1 b fail$ 9 do+ s4 ,su* is ! case4 #ec4 ,moreov]1 we admit ?is too1 t we p]ceiv$ ?is1 & c\ld n possibly p]ceive x by any o!r means ?an ! sight1 or t\*1 or "s o!r ( ! s5ses1 = ,i say ! same ( !m all4 ,= !y are ! same1 ,socrates1 s f> z1 our argum5t is conc]n$4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ p]ceive1 by means ( ! s5ses1 t all ?+s :i* come "u ! s5ses aim at t ab/ract equality1 & yet fall %ort ( x2 or h[ %all we say x is8 ,ev5 s4 ,be=e1 !n1 we began to see1 & he>1 & use our o!r s5ses1 we mu/ h _h a k ( equality itself--:at x is1 if we 7 to ref] to x ^? equal ?+s t come "u ! s5ses1 & obs]ve t all su* ?+s aim at resembl+ t1 b fall f> %ort ( x4 ,?is necess>ily foll[s1 ,socrates1 f :at has be5 already said4 ,b did we n1 z soon z we 7 born1 see & he>1 & possess our o!r s5ses8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b1 we h said1 be=e we possess$ ^!1 we mu/ h _h a k ( ab/ract equality8 ,yes4 ,we mu/ h _h x1 !n1 z x seems1 be=e we 7 born4 ,x seems s4 #ed4 ,if1 !re=e1 hav+ ?is be=e we 7 born1 we 7 born possess+ x1 we knew1 bo? be=e we 7 born & z soon z we 7 born1 n only ! equal & ! great] & small]1 b all ?+s ( ! k9d2 = our pres5t discussion is n m respect+ equality ?an ! beautiful itself1 ! good1 ! j1 & ! holy1 &1 9 "o ^w1 respect+ e ?+ :i* we m>k ) ! seal ( exi/5ce1 bo? 9 ! que/ions we ask & ! answ]s we give4 ,s t we mu/ necess>ily h _h a k ( all ^! be=e we 7 born4 ,su* is ! case4 ,& if1 hav+ once _h x1 we did n con/antly =get x1 we %\ld always be born ) ?is k1 & %\ld always reta9 x ?r\gh life4 ,= to "k is ?is1 :5 "o has got a k ( any ?+1 to reta9 & n lose x2 = d we n call ?is oblivion1 ,simmias1 ! loss ( k8 ,assur$ly1 ,socrates1 he repli$4 #ee4 ,b if1 hav+ _h x be=e we 7 born1 we lose x at our bir?1 & aft]w>d1 ?r\gh ex]cis+ ! s5ses ab\t ^! ?+s1 we recov] ! k :i* we once be=e possess$1 w\ld n t :i* we call le>n+ be a recov]y ( our own k8 ,& 9 say+ t ?is is to rememb]1 %\ld we n say rightly8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,= ?is appe>$ to be possible1 = "o hav+ p]ceiv$ any ?+1 ei!r by see+ or he>+1 or employ+ any o!r s5se1 to =m an idea ( some?+ diff]5t f ?is1 :i* he _h =gott51 & ) :i* ?is 0 connect$ by be+ unlike or l4 ,s t1 z ,i said1 "o ( ^! two ?+s mu/ foll[3 ei!r we are all born ) ?is k1 & we reta9 x ?r\gh life1 or ^? :om we say le>n aft]w>d d no?+ else ?an rememb]1 & ?is le>n+ w be rem9isc5ce4 ,su*1 c]ta9ly1 is ! case1 ,socrates4 #ef4 ,:i*1 !n1 d y *oose1 ,simmias3 t we are born ) k1 or t we aft]w>d rememb] :at we _h =m]ly kn[n8 ,at pres5t1 ,socrates1 ,i am unable to *oose4 ,b :at8 ,are y able to *oose 9 ?is case1 & :at d y ?9k ab\t x8 ,c a man :o possesses k give a reason = ! ?+s t he kn[s1 or n8 ,he ne$s mu/ be able to d s1 ,socrates1 he repli$4 ,& d all m5 appe> to y to be able to give a reason = ! ?+s ( :i* we h j n[ be5 speak+8 ,i wi% !y c\ld1 said ,simmias2 b ,i am mu* m afraid t at ?is "t to-morr[ !re w no long] be any "o able to d ?is prop]ly4 ,d n all m51 !n1 ,simmias1 he said1 seem to y to "k ^! ?+s8 ,by no means4 ,d !y rememb]1 !n1 :at !y once le>n$8 ,necess>ily s4 ,:5 did our s\ls receive ?is k8 ,n surely1 s9ce we 7 born into ! _w4 ,assur$ly n4 ,be=e1 !n8 ,yes4 ,our s\ls1 !re=e1 ,simmias1 exi/$ be=e !y 7 9 a human =m1 sep>ate f bodies1 & possess$ intellig5ce4 #eg4 ,unless1 ,socrates1 we receive ?is k at our bir?1 = ?is p]iod yet rema9s4 ,be x s1 my fri5d4 ,b at :at o!r "t d we lose x8 = we are n born ) x1 z we h j n[ admitt$4 ,d we lose x1 !n1 at ! v "t 9 :i* we receive x8 ,or c y m5tion any o!r "t8 ,by no means1 ,socrates2 ,i 0 n aw>e t ,i 0 say+ no?+ to ! purpose4 ,does ! case !n /& ?us ) u1 ,simmias8 he proce$$3 ,if ^? ?+s :i* we are cont9ually talk+ ab\t really exi/1 ! beautiful1 ! good1 & e su* ess5ce1 & to ?is we ref] all ?+s t come "u ! s5ses1 z f9d+ x to h a prior exi/5ce1 & to be our own1 & if we comp>e ^! ?+s to x1 x necess>ily foll[s1 t z ^! exi/1 s likewise our s\l exi/s ev5 be=e we are born2 b if ^! d n exi/1 ?is discussion w h be5 und]tak5 9 va91 is x n s8 ,& is !re n an equal necessity bo? t ^! ?+s %\ld exi/1 & our s\ls also1 be=e we are born2 & if n ! =m]1 nei!r ! latt]8 #eh4 ,mo/ assur$ly1 ,socrates1 said ,simmias1 !re appe>s to me to be ! same necessity2 & ! argum5t admirably t5ds to prove t our s\ls exi/ be=e we are born1 j z t ess5ce does :i* y h n[ m5tion$4 ,= ,i hold no?+ s cle> to me z ?is1 t all su* ?+s mo/ c]ta9ly exi/1 z ! beautiful1 ! good1 & all ! re/ t y j n[ spoke (2 &1 s f> z ,i am conc]n$1 ! case is suffici5tly demon/rat$4 ,b h[ does x appe> to ,cebes8 said ,socrates2 = x is necess>y to p]suade ,cebes too4 ,he is suffici5tly p]suad$1 ,i ?9k1 said ,simmias1 al?\gh he is ! mo/ p]t9aci\s ( m5 9 di/ru/+ argum5ts4 ,yet ,i ?9k he is suffici5tly p]suad$ ( ?is1 t our s\l exi/$ be=e we 7 born4 ,b :e!r1 :5 we are dead1 x w /ill exi/ does n appe> to me to h be5 demon/rat$1 ,socrates1 he cont9u$2 b t popul> d\bt1 :i* ,cebes j n[ m5tion$1 /ill /&s 9 our way1 :e!r1 :5 a man dies1 ! s\l is n disp]s$1 & ?is is ! end ( its exi/5ce4 #ei4 ,= :at h9d]s x be+ born1 & =m$ f "s o!r s\rce1 & exi/+ be=e x came into a human body1 & yet1 :5 x has come1 & is sep>at$ f ?is body1 its !n also dy+ itself1 & be+ de/roy$8 ,y say well1 ,simmias1 said ,cebes2 = x appe>s t only "o half ( :at is necess>y has be5 demon/rat$--namely1 t our s\l exi/$ be=e we 7 born2 b x is necess>y to demon/rate fur!r1 t :5 we are dead x w exi/ no less ?an be=e we 7 born1 if ! demon/ration is to be made complete4 ,?is has be5 ev5 n[ demon/rat$1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 said ,socrates1 if y w only connect ?is la/ argum5t ) t :i* we be=e ass5t$ to1 t e ?+ liv+ is produc$ f t :i* is dead4 ,= if ! s\l exi/s be=e1 & x is necess>y = x :5 x ent]s into life1 & is born1 to be produc$ f no?+ else ?an dea?1 & f be+ dead1 h[ is x n necess>y = x also to exi/ aft] dea?1 s9ce x mu/ ne$s be produc$ aga98 #fj4 ,:at y require1 !n1 has be5 already demon/rat$4 ,h[ev]1 bo? y & ,simmias appe> to me z if y wi%$ to sift ?is argum5t m ?or\ghly1 & to be afraid1 l *ildr51 le/1 on ! s\l's dep>ture f ! body1 ! w9ds %\ld bl[ x away & disp]se x1 especially if "o %\ld happ5 to die1 n 9 a calm1 b 9 a viol5t /orm4 ,^u ?is ,cebes1 smil+1 said1 ,endeavor to tea* u bett]1 ,socrates1 z if we 7 afraid1 or r n z if we 7 afraid1 ?\gh p]haps !re is "s boy#cj )9 u :o has su* a dread4 ,let u1 !n1 endeavor to p]suade him n to be afraid ( dea?1 z ( hobgobl9s4 ,b y mu/ *>m him e day1 said ,socrates1 until y h quiet$ 8 fe>s4 ,b :5ce1 ,socrates1 he said1 c we procure a skillful *>m] = su* a case1 n[ t y are ab\t to leave u8 #fa4 ,greece is wide1 ,cebes1 he repli$1 & 9 x surely !re are skillful m54 ,!re are also _m b>b>\s nations1 all ( :i* y %\ld se>* ?r\gh1 seek+ su* a *>m]1 sp>+ nei!r money nor toil1 z !re is no?+ on :i* y c m seasonably sp5d y\r money4 ,y %\ld also seek = him among y\rselves2 = p]haps y c\ld n easily f9d any m compet5t ?an y\rselves to d ?is4 ,?is %all be done1 said ,cebes2 b1 if x is agreeable to y1 let u return to ! po9t f :5ce we digress$4 ,x w be agreeable to me1 = h[ %\ld x n8 ,y say well1 rejo9$ ,cebes4 ,we ought1 !n1 said ,socrates1 to ask ourselves "s su* "q z ?is3 to :at k9d ( ?+ x app]ta9s to be ?us affect$--namely1 to be disp]s$--& = :at we ought to fe>1 le/ x %\ld be s affect$1 & = :at n4 ,& aft] ?is we %\ld consid] :i* ( ! two ! s\l is1 & 9 ! result %\ld ei!r be confid5t or fe>ful = our s\l4 ,y speak truly1 said he4 #fb4 ,does x n1 !n1 app]ta9 to t :i* is =m$ by composition1 & is naturally comp\nd$1 to be ?us affect$1 to be dissolv$ 9 ! same mann] z t 9 :i* x 0 comp\nd$2 & if !re is any ?+ n comp\nd$1 does x n app]ta9 to ?is alone1 if to any ?+1 n to be ?us affect$8 ,x appe>s to me to be s1 said ,cebes4 ,is x n mo/ probable1 !n1 t ?+s :i* are always ! same1 & 9 ! same /ate1 are uncomp\nd$1 b t ?+s :i* are con/antly *ang+1 & are nev] 9 ! same /ate1 are comp\nd$8 ,to me x appe>s s4 ,let u return1 !n1 he said1 to ! subjects on :i* we be=e disc\rs$4 ,:e!r is ess5ce itself1 ( :i* we gave ?is acc\nt t x exi/s1 bo? 9 our que/ions & answ]s1 always ! same1 or does x sometimes *ange8 ,does equality itself1 ! beautiful itself1 & ea* sev]al ?+ :i* is1 ev] und]go any *ange1 h[ev] small8 ,or does ea* ( !m :i* exi/s1 be+ an unmix$ ess5ce by itself1 cont9ue always ! same1 & 9 ! same /ate1 & nev] und]go any v>iation at all "u any circum/ances8 ,!y mu/ ( necessity cont9ue ! same & 9 ! same /ate1 ,socrates1 said ,cebes4 #fc4 ,b :at %all we say ( ! _m beautiful ?+s1 su* z m51 horses1 g>m5ts1 or o!r ?+s ( ! k9d1 :e!r equal or beautiful1 or ( all ?+s synonym\s ) !m8 ,d !y cont9ue ! same1 or1 q contr>y to ! =m]1 are !y nev] at any "t1 s to say1 ! same1 ei!r ) respect to !mselves or "o ano!r8 ,^!1 on ! o!r h&1 repli$ ,cebes1 nev] cont9ue ! same4 ,^!1 !n1 y c t\*1 or see1 or p]ceive by ! o!r s5ses2 b ^? t cont9ue ! same1 y c n appreh5d 9 any o!r way ?an by ! ex]cise ( ?\ght2 = su* ?+s are invisible1 & are n se58 ,y say :at is /rictly true1 repli$ ,cebes4 #fd4 ,we may assume1 !n1 if y please1 he cont9u$1 t !re are two species ( ?+s2 ! "o visible1 ! o!r invisible8 ,we may1 he said4 ,& ! invisible always cont9u+ ! same1 b ! visible nev] ! same8 ,?is1 too1 he said1 we may assume4 ,come1 !n1 he ask$1 is !re any?+ else belong+ to u ?an1 on ! "o h&1 body1 &1 on ! o!r1 s\l8 ,no?+ else1 he repli$4 ,to :i* species1 !n1 %all we say ! body is m l1 & m ne>ly alli$8 ,x is cle> to ev]yone1 he said1 t x is to ! visible4 ,b :at ( ! s\l8 ,is x visible or invisible8 ,x is n visible to m51 ,socrates1 he repli$4 ,b we speak ( ?+s :i* are visible1 or n s1 to ! nature ( m52 or to "s o!r nature1 ?9k y8 ,to t ( m54 ,:at1 !n1 %all we say ( ! s\l--t x is visible1 or n visible8 ,n visible4 ,is x1 !n1 invisible8 ,yes4 ,! s\l1 !n1 is m l ! invisible ?an ! body2 & ! body1 ! visible8 ,x mu/ ne$s be s1 ,socrates4 #fe4 ,& did we n1 "s "t s9ce1 say ?is too1 t ! s\l1 :5 x employs ! body to exam9e any ?+1 ei!r by means ( ! sight or he>+1 or any o!r s5se 7= to exam9e any ?+ by means ( ! body is to d s by ! s5ses71 is !n drawn by ! body to ?+s t nev] cont9ue ! same1 & w&]s & is confus$1 & reels z if intoxicat$1 ?r\gh com+ into contact ) ?+s ( ?is k9d8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b :5 x exam9es any?+ by itself1 does x approa* t :i* is pure1 et]nal1 immortal1 & un*angeable1 &1 z be+ alli$ to x1 cont9ue con/antly ) x1 s long z x subsi/s by itself1 & has ! p[]1 & does x cease f its w&]+1 & con/antly cont9ue ! same ) respect to ^? ?+s1 ?r\gh com+ into contact ) ?+s ( ?is k9d8 ,& is ?is affection ( ! s\l call$ wisdom8 ,y speak1 he said1 9 e respect1 well & truly1 ,socrates4 ,to :i* species ( ! two1 !n1 bo? f :at 0 be=e & n[ said1 does ! s\l appe> to y to be m l & m ne>ly alli$8 #ff4 ,e "o1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld all[1 ,socrates1 he repli$1 ev5 ! dulle/ p]son1 f ?is me?od ( reason+1 t ! s\l is 9 e respect m l t :i* cont9ues con/antly ! same ?an t :i* does n s4 ,b :at z to ! body8 ,x is m l ! o!r4 ,consid] x also ?us1 t1 :5 s\l & body are toge!r1 nature enjo9s ! latt] to be subs]vi5t & obey1 ! =m] to rule & ex]cise dom9ion4 ,&1 9 ?is way1 :i* ( ! two appe>s to y to be l ! div9e1 & :i* ! mortal8 ,does x n appe> to y to be natural t ! div9e %\ld rule & comm&1 b ! mortal obey & be subs]vi5t8 ,to me x does s4 ,:i*1 !n1 does ! s\l resemble8 ,x is cle>1 ,socrates1 t ! s\l resembles ! div9e2 b ! body1 ! mortal4 ,consid]1 !n1 ,cebes1 said he1 :e!r1 f all t has be5 said1 ^! conclusions foll[1 t ! s\l is mo/ l t :i* is div9e1 immortal1 intellig5t1 uni=m1 indissoluble1 & :i* always cont9ues 9 ! same /ate2 b t ! body1 on ! o!r h&1 is mo/ l t :i* is human1 mortal1 un9tellig5t1 multi=m1 dissoluble1 & :i* nev] cont9ues 9 ! same /ate4 ,c we say any ?+ aga9/ ?is1 my de> ,cebes1 to %[ t x is n s8 ,we c n4 #fg4 ,:at1 !n8 ,s9ce ^! ?+s are s1 does x n app]ta9 to ! body to be quickly dissolv$1 b to ! s\l1 on ! contr>y1 to be altoge!r indissoluble or ne>ly s8 ,h[ n8 ,y p]ceive1 h[ev]1 he said1 t :5 a man dies1 ! visible "p ( him1 ! body1 :i* is expos$ to sight1 & :i* we call a corpse1 to :i* x app]ta9s to be dissolv$1 to fall asund] & be disp]s$1 does n imm$iately und]go any ( ^! affections1 b rema9s = a consid]able "t1 & especially s if any "o %\ld die ) 8 body 9 full vigor1 & at a correspond+ age2#ca = :5 ! body has collaps$ & be5 embalm$1 z ^? t are embalm$ 9 ,egypt1 x rema9s almo/ entire = an incr$ible l5g? ( "t2 & "s p>ts ( ! body1 ev5 ?\gh x does decay1 su* z ! bones & n]ves1 & e ?+ ( t k9d1 are1 nev]!less1 z "o may say1 immortal4 ,is x n s8 ,yes4 #fh4 ,c ! s\l1 !n1 :i* is invisible1 & :i* goes to ano!r place l itself1 excell5t1 pure & invisible1 & !re=e truly call$ ! invisible _w1#cb to ! pres5ce ( a good & wise ,god 7:i!r1 if ,god w1 my s\l also mu/ %ortly g7--c ?is s\l ( ours1 ,i ask1 be+ su* & ( su* a nature1 :5 sep>at$ f ! body1 be imm$iately disp]s$ & de/roy$1 z mo/ m5 ass]t8 ,f> f x1 my de> ,cebes & ,simmias4 ,b ! case is mu* r ?us3 if x is sep>at$ 9 a pure /ate1 tak+ no?+ ( ! body ) x1 z n hav+ will+ly communicat$ ) x 9 ! pres5t life1 b hav+ %unn$ x1 & ga!r$ itself )9 itself1 z con/antly /udy+ ?is 7b ?is is no?+ else ?an to pursue philosophy aright1 & 9 reality to /udy h[ to die easily71 w\ld n ?is be to /udy h[ to die8 ,mo/ assur$ly4 ,does n ! s\l1 !n1 :5 9 ?is /ate1 dep>t to t :i* resembles itself1 ! invisible1 ! div9e1 immortal & wise8 ,& on its arrival !re1 is x n its lot to be happy1 free f error1 ignorance1 fe>s1 wild passions1 & all ! o!r evils to :i* human nature is subject2 &1 z is said ( ! initiat$1 does x n 9 tru? pass ! re/ ( its "t ) ! gods8 ,mu/ we affirm t x is s1 ,cebes1 or o!rwise8 ,s1 by ,jupit]6 said ,cebes4 #fi4 ,b1 ,i ?9k1 if x dep>ts f ! body pollut$ & impure1 z hav+ con/antly held communion ) ! body1 & hav+ s]v$ & lov$ x1 & be5 bewit*$ by x1 ?r\gh desires & pleasures1 s z to ?9k t !re is no?+ real except :at is corporeal1 :i* "o c t\* & see1 & dr9k & eat1 & employ = s5sual purposes2 b :at is d>k & invisible to ! eyes1 :i* is intellectual & appreh5d$ by philosophy1 hav+ be5 accu/om$ to hate1 fe>1 & %un ?is1 d y ?9k t a s\l ?us affect$ c dep>t f ! body by itself1 & uncontam9at$8 ,by no means :atev]1 he repli$4 ,b ,i ?9k x w be impress$ ) t :i* is corporeal1 :i* ! int]c\rse & communion ( ! body1 ?r\gh con/ant association & great att5tion1 h made natural to x4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,we mu/ ?9k1 my de> ,cebes1 t ?is is pond]\s & heavy1 e>?ly & visible1 by possess+ :i* su* a s\l is weigh$ d[n1 & drawn aga9 into ! visible _w ?r\gh dread ( ! invisible & ( ,hades1 w&]+1 z x is said1 among monum5ts & tombs1 ab\t :i*1 inde$1 c]ta9 %ad[y phantoms ( s\ls h be5 se51 be+ su* images z ^? s\ls produc$ :i* h n dep>t$ pure f ! body1 b :i* p>take ( ! visible2 on :i* acc\nt1 also1 !y are visible4 ,t is probable1 ,socrates4 #gj4 ,probable inde$1 ,cebes2 & n t ^! are ! s\ls ( ! good1 b ( ! wick$1 :i* are compell$ to w&] ab\t su* places1 pay+ ! p5alty ( _! =m] conduct1 :i* 0 evil2 & !y w&] ab\t s long until1 ?r\gh ! desire ( ! corporeal nature t accompanies !m1 !y are aga9 unit$ to a body2 & !y are unit$1 z is probable1 to animals hav+ ! same habits z ^? !y h giv5 !mselves up to dur+ life4 ,b :at d y say ^! are1 ,socrates8 ,= in/ance1 ^? :o h giv5 !mselves up to gluttony1 wantonness & dr9k+1 & h put no re/ra9t on !mselves1 w probably be clo!d 9 ! =m ( asses & brutes ( t k9d4 ,d y n ?9k s8 ,y say :at is v probable4 ,& t su* z h set great value on inju/ice1 tyranny & rap9e1 w be clo!d 9 ! species ( wolves1 hawks & kites6 ,:]e else c we say su* s\ls g8 ,)\t d\bt1 said ,cebes1 into su* z ^!4 ,is x n1 !n1 evid5t1 he cont9u$1 z to ! re/1 :i!r ea* w g1 accord+ to ! resemblances ( _! sev]al pursuits8 #ga4 ,x is evid5t1 he repli$4 ,h[ n8 ,( ^!1 !n1 he said1 are n !y ! mo/ happy1 & d !y n g to ! be/ place1 :o h practic$ t social & civiliz$ virtue :i* !y call temp]ance & ju/ice1 & :i* is produc$ f habit & ex]cise1 )\t philosophy & reflection8 ,9 :at respect are ^! ! mo/ happy8 ,because x is probable t ^! %\ld aga9 migrate into a correspond+ civiliz$ & peaceable k9d ( animals1 su* z bees p]haps1 or wasps1 or ants1 or ev5 into ! same human species aga91 & f ^! become mod]ate m54 ,x is probable4 ,b x is n lawful = any "o :o has n /udi$ philosophy1 & dep>t$ ?is life p]fectly pure1 to pass into ! rank ( gods1 b only = ! true lov] ( wisdom4 ,& on ?is acc\nt1 my fri5ds ,simmias & ,cebes1 ^? :o philosophize rightly1 ab/a9 f all bodily desires1 & p]sev]e 9 do+ s1 & d n give !mselves up to !m1 n fe>+ ! loss ( prop]ty & pov]ty1 z ! g5]ality ( m5 & ! lov]s ( weal?2 nor1 aga91 dread+ disgrace & ignom9y1 l ^? :o are lov]s ( p[] & honor1 d !y !n ab/a9 f !m4 ,= x w\ld n become !m to d s1 ,socrates1 says ,cebes4 #gb4 ,x w\ld n1 by ,jupit]6 he rejo9$4 ,:]e=e1 ,cebes1 !y :o c>e at all = _! s\l1 & d n sp5d _! lives 9 ! culture ( _! bodies1 despis+ all ^!1 proce$ n 9 ! same way ) !m1 z be+ ignorant :i!r !y are go+1 b1 be+ conv9c$ t !y ought n to act contr>y to philosophy1 b 9 accordance ) ! fre$om & purification %e af=ds1 !y give !mselves up to h] direction1 foll[+ h] :]ev] %e leads4 ,h[1 ,socrates8 ,i w tell y1 he repli$4 ,! lov]s ( wisdom "k t philosophy1 receiv+ _! s\l pla9ly b\nd & glu$ to ! body1 & compell$ to view ?+s ?r\gh ?is1 z ?r\gh a prison1 & n directly by h]self1 & sunk 9 utt] ignorance1 & p]ceiv+1 too1 ! /r5g? ( ! prison1 t x arises f desire1 s t he :o is b\nd z mu* z possible assi/s 9 b9d+ himself4 #gc4 ,i say1 !n1 ! lov]s ( wisdom "k t philosophy1 receiv+ _! s\l 9 ?is /ate1 g5tly exhorts x1 & endeavors to free x1 by %[+ t ! view ( ?+s by means ( ! eyes is full ( deception1 z also is t ?r\gh ! e>s & ! o!r s5ses2 p]suad+ an ab&onm5t ( ^! s f> z x is n absolutely necess>y to use !m1 & advis+ ! s\l to be collect$ & conc5trat$ )9 itself1 & to believe no?+ else ?an h]self1 ) respect to :at %e h]self und]/&s ( ?+s t h a real subsi/5ce2 & to consid] no?+ true :i* %e views ?r\gh ! m$ium ( o!rs1 & :i* diff] "u diff]5t aspects2#cb = t a ?+ ( ?is k9d is s5sible & visible1 b t :at %e h]self p]ceives is intelligible & invisible4 ,! s\l ( ! true philosoph]1 !re=e1 ?9k+ t %e ought n to oppose ?is deliv]ance1 accord+ly ab/a9s z mu* z possible f pleasures & desires1 griefs & fe>s1 consid]+ t :5 any "o is exce$+ly delight$ or al>m$1 griev$ or influ5c$ by desire1 he does n m]ely suff] su* evil f ^! ?+s z "o might suppose1 su* z ei!r be+ sick or wa/+ 8 prop]ty ?r\gh indulg+ 8 desires2 b t :i* is ! greate/ evil1 & ! wor/ ( all1 ?is he suff]s1 & is n consci\s ( x4 ,b :at is ?is evil1 ,socrates8 said ,cebes4 #gd4 ,t ! s\l ( e man is compell$ to be ei!r vehem5tly delight$ or griev$ ab\t "s p>ticul> ?+1 &1 at ! same "t1 to consid] t ! ?+ ab\t :i* x is ?us /rongly affect$ is mo/ real & mo/ true1 ?\gh x is n s4 ,b ^! are *iefly visible objects1 are !y n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,9 ?is /ate ( affection1 !n1 is n ! s\l especially %ackl$ by ! body8 ,h[ s8 ,because ea* pleasure & pa91 hav+ a nail1 z x 71 nails ! s\l to ! body1 & fa/5s x to x1 & causes x to become corporeal1 deem+ ^? ?+s to be true :atev] ! body ass]ts to be s4 ,=1 9 consequ5ce ( its =m+ ! same op9ions ) ! body1 & delight+ 9 ! same ?+s1 x is compell$1 ,i ?9k1 to possess simil> mann]s1 & to be simil>ly n\ri%$2 s t x c nev] pass into ,hades 9 a pure /ate1 b mu/ ev] dep>t pollut$ by ! body1 & s quickly falls aga9 into ano!r body1 & gr[s up z if x 7 s[n1 & consequ5tly is depriv$ ( all association ) t :i* is div9e1 & pure1 & uni=m4 ,y speak mo/ truly1 ,socrates1 said ,cebes4 #ge4 ,= ^! reasons1 !re=e1 ,cebes1 ^? :o are truly lov]s ( wisdom are mod]ate & resolute1 & n = ! reasons t mo/ p say4 ,d y ?9k z !y d8 ,assur$ly n4 ,no1 truly4 ,b ! s\l ( a philosoph] w\ld reason ?us1 & w\ld n ?9k t philosophy ought to set x free1 & t :5 x is fre$ x %\ld give itself up aga9 to pleasures & pa9s1 to b9d x d[n aga91 & make h] "w void1 weav+ a k9d ( ,p5elope's web ! rev]se way4 ,on ! contr>y1 effect+ a calm ( ! passions1 & foll[+ ! guidance ( reason1 & be+ always int5t on ?is1 contemplat+ t :i* is true & div9e1 & n subject to op9ion2 & be+ n\ri%$ by x1 x ?9ks t x ought to live 9 ?is mann] z long z x does live1 & t :5 x dies x %all g to a k9dr$ ess5ce1 & "o l itself1 & %all be free f human evils4 ,f su* a regim5 z ?is ! s\l has no occasion to fe>1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 :ile x /rictly att5ds to ^! ?+s1 le/1 be+ torn to pieces at its dep>ture f ! body1 x %\ld be bl[n ab\t & dissipat$ by ! w9ds1 & no long] h an exi/5ce any:]e4 #gf4 ,:5 ,socrates _h ?us spok51 a long sil5ce ensu$2 & ,socrates himself 0 pond]+ ^u :at _h be5 said1 z he appe>$1 & s did mo/ ( u2 b ,cebes & ,simmias 7 conv]s+ a little :ile ) ea* o!r4 ,at l5g? ,socrates1 p]ceiv+ !m1 said1 ,:at ?9k y ( :at has be5 said8 ,does x appe> to y to h be5 prov$ suffici5tly8 = _m d\bts & objections /ill rema9 if any "o w exam9e !m ?or\ghly4 ,if1 !n1 y are consid]+ "s o!r subject1 ,i h no?+ to say2 b if y are d\bt+ ab\t ?is1 d n hesitate bo? y\rselves to speak & express y\r op9ion1 if x appe>s to y 9 any respect t x might h be5 argu$ bett]1 & to call me 9 aga9 to y\r assi/ance1 if y ?9k y c be at all b5efit$ by my help4 ,^u ?is ,simmias said1 ,inde$1 ,socrates1 ,i w tell y ! tru?3 = "s "t ea* ( u1 be+ 9 d\bt1 has be5 urg+ & exhort+ ! o!r to "q y1 f a desire to he> our d\bts solv$2 b we 7 afraid ( giv+ y tr\ble1 le/ x %\ld be disagreeable to y 9 y\r pres5t circum/ances4 #gg4 ,b he1 ^u he>+ ?is1 g5tly smil$1 & said1 ,bless me1 ,simmias2 ) difficulty1 inde$1 c\ld ,i p]suade o!r m5 t ,i d n consid] my pres5t condition a calamity1 s9ce ,i am n able to p]suade ev5 y2 b y are afraid le/ ,i %\ld be m morose n[ ?an dur+ ! =m] "p ( my life4 ,&1 z x seems1 ,i appe> to y to be inf]ior to swans ) respect to div9ation1 :o1 :5 !y p]ceive t !y mu/ ne$s die1 ?\gh !y h be5 us$ to s+ be=e1 s+ !n m ?an ev]1 rejoic+ t !y are ab\t to dep>t to t deity ^: s]vants !y are4 ,b m51 ?r\gh _! own fe> ( dea?1 belie ! swans too1 & say t !y1 lam5t+ _! dea?1 s+ _! la/ song ?r\gh grief2 & !y d n consid] t no bird s+s :5 x is hungry or cold1 or is afflict$ ) any o!r pa91 n ev5 ! night+ale1 or swall[1 or ! hoopoes1 :i*1 !y say1 s+ lam5t+ ?r\gh grief4 ,b nei!r d ^! birds appe> to me to s+ ?r\gh sorr[1 nor yet d swans2 b1 9 my op9ion1 belong+ to ,apollo1 !y are prophetic1 &1 =esee+ ! bless+s ( ,hades1 !y s+ & rejoice on t day m excell5tly ?an at any prec$+ "t4 #gh4 ,b ,i1 too1 consid] myself to be a fell[-s]vant ( ! swans1 & sacr$ to ! same god2 & t ,i h receiv$ ! p[] ( div9ation f our common ma/] no less ?an !y1 & t ,i d n dep>t f ?is life ) less spirits ?an !y4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 !re=e1 x is "r t y %\ld bo? speak & ask :atev] y please1 s long z ! ,a!nian ,elev5 p]mit4 ,y say well1 said ,simmias1 & bo? ,i w tell y :at are my d\bts1 & he1 9 turn1 h[ f> he does n ass5t to :at has be5 said4 ,= x appe>s to me1 ,socrates1 probably z x does to y ) respect to ^! matt]s1 t to "k !m cle>ly 9 ! pres5t life is ei!r impossible or v difficult3 on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 n to te/ :at has be5 said ( !m 9 e possible way1 s z n to desi/ until1 on exam9+ !m 9 e po9t ( view1 "o has exhau/$ e ef=t1 is ! "p ( a v weak man4 ,= we ought1 ) respect to ^! ?+s1 ei!r to le>n f o!rs h[ !y /& or to discov] !m = "o's self2 or1 if bo? ^! are impossible1 !n1 tak+ ! be/ ( human reason+s & t :i* is ! mo/ difficult to be confut$1 & emb>k+ on ?is1 z "o :o risks himself on a raft1 s to sail ?r\gh life1 unless "o c\ld be c>ri$ m safely1 & ) less risk1 on a sur] conveyance1 or "s div9e reason4 #gi4 ,i1 !re=e1 %all n n[ be a%am$ to "q y1 s9ce y bid me d s1 nor %all ,i blame myself h]eaft] = n hav+ n[ told y :at ,i ?9k2 = to me1 ,socrates1 :5 ,i consid] ! matt]1 bo? ) myself & ) ,cebes1 :at has be5 said does n appe> to h be5 suffici5tly prov$4 ,!n said ,socrates1 ,p]haps1 my fri5d1 y h ! tru? on y\r side2 b tell me 9 :at respect x 0 n suffici5tly prov$4 ,9 ?is1 he answ]$1 because any "o might use ! same argum5t ) respect to h>mony1 & a lyre1 & its *ords1 t h>mony is some?+ invisible & incorporeal1 v beautiful & div9e1 9 a well-modulat$ lyre2 b ! lyre & its *ords are bodies1 & ( corporeal =m1 comp\nd$ & e>?ly1 & ak9 to t :i* is mortal4 ,:5 any "o1 !n1 has ei!r brok5 ! lyre1 or cut or bur/ ! *ords1 he might ma9ta9 f ! same reason+ z y\rs t x is necess>y ! h>mony %\ld /ill exi/ & n be de/roy$2 = !re c\ld be no possibility t ! lyre %\ld subsi/ any long] :5 ! *ords are bur/2 & t ! *ords1 :i* are ( a mortal nature1 %\ld subsi/1 b t ! h>mony1 :i* is ( ! same nature & ak9 to t :i* is div9e & immortal1 %\ld become ext9ct1 & p]i% be=e t :i* is mortal2 b he might say t ! h>mony mu/ ne$s subsi/ some:]e1 & t ! wood & *ords mu/ decay be=e x c und]go any *ange4 #hj4 ,= ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 t y y\rself h arriv$ at ?is conclusion1 t we consid] ! s\l to be pretty mu* ( ?is k9d--namely1 t our body be+ compact$ & held toge!r by heat & cold1 dryness & moi/ure1 & o!r su* qualities1 our s\l is ! fusion & h>mony ( ^!1 :5 !y are well & duly comb9$ ) ea* o!r4 ,if1 !n1 ! s\l is a k9d ( h>mony1 x is evid5t t :5 our bodies are unduly relax$ or /ra9$1 ?r\gh diseases & o!r maladies1 ! s\l mu/1 ( necessity1 imm$iately p]i%1 al?\gh x is mo/ div9e1 j z o!r h>monies :i* subsi/ 9 s\nds or 9 ! v>i\s works ( artisans2 b t ! rema9s ( ! body ( ea* p]son la/ = a long "t1 till !y are ei!r burn$ or decay$4 ,consid]1 !n1 :at we %all say to ?is reason+1 if any "o %\ld ma9ta9 t ! s\l1 be+ a fusion ( ! sev]al qualities 9 ! body1 p]i%es fir/ 9 t :i* is call$ dea?4 #ha4 ,socrates1 !re=e1 look+ /eadfa/ly at u1 z he 0 g5]ally accu/om$ to d1 & smil+1 said1 ,simmias inde$ speaks ju/ly4 ,if1 !n1 any "o ( y is m prompt ?an ,i am1 :y does he n answ]1 = he seems to h h&l$ my argum5t n badly8 ,x appe>s to me1 h[ev]1 t be=e we make our reply we %\ld fir/ he> f ,cebes1 :at he1 too1 objects to our argum5t1 9 ord] t1 "s "t int]v5+1 we may consid] :at we %all say1 & !n :5 we h he>d !m1 we may give up to !m1 if !y appe> to speak agreeably to tru?2 or1 if n1 we may !n uphold our own argum5t4 ,come1 !n1 ,cebes1 he cont9u$1 say :at x is t di/urbs y1 s z to cause y\r unbelief4 ,i w tell y1 said ,cebes2 ! argum5t seems to me to re/ :]e x 01 & to be liable to ! same objection t we m5tion$ be=e4 ,=1 t our s\l exi/$ ev5 be=e ,x came into ?is pres5t =m1 ,i d n d5y has be5 v elegantly1 &1 if x is n too mu* to say s1 v fully1 demon/rat$2 b t x /ill exi/s any:]e :5 we are dead does n appe> to me to h be5 cle>ly prov$2 nor d ,i give 9 to ! objection ( ,simmias1 t ! s\l is n /rong] & m durable ?an ! body1 = x appe>s to me to excel v f> all ?+s ( ?is k9d4 #hb4 ',:y1 !n1' reason might say1 'd y /ill disbelieve8 =1 s9ce y see t :5 a man dies 8 weak] "p /ill exi/s1 does x n appe> to y to be necess>y t ! m durable "p %\ld /ill be pres]v$ dur+ ?is p]iod8' ,consid]1 !n1 :e!r ,i say any ?+ to ! purpose 9 reply to ?is4 ,= ,i1 too1 z well z ,simmias1 z x seems1 /& 9 ne$ ( an illu/ration2 = ! argum5t appe>s to me to h be5 put ?us1 z if any "o %\ld advance ?is argum5t ab\t an ag$ weav] :o _h di$1 t ! man has n yet p]i%$1 b p]haps /ill exi/s some:]e2 &1 z a pro(1 %\ld exhibit ! g>m5t :i* he wore & _h wov5 himself1 t x is entire & has n p]i%$2 & if any "o %\ld disbelieve him1 he w\ld ask1 :i* ( ! two is ! m durable1 ! species ( a man or ( a g>m5t1 t is con/antly 9 use & be+ worn2 !n1 %\ld any "o answ] t ! species ( man is mu* m durable1 he w\ld ?9k x demon/rat$ t1 beyond all "q1 ! man is pres]v$1 s9ce t :i* is less durable has n p]i%$4 #hc4 ,b ,i d n ?9k1 ,simmias1 t ?is is ! case1 & d y consid] :at ,i say1 = e "o mu/ ?9k t he :o argues ?us argues1 fooli%ly4 ,= ?is weav]1 hav+ worn & wov5 _m su* g>m5ts1 p]i%$ aft] almo/ all ( !m1 b be=e ! la/1 ,i suppose2 & yet x does n on ?is acc\nt foll[ any ! m t a man is inf]ior to or weak] ?an a g>m5t4 ,& ,i ?9k1 ! s\l might admit ?is same illu/ration ) respect to ! body1 & he :o %\ld say ! same ?+s conc]n+ !m w\ld appe> to me to speak correctly1 t ! s\l is m durable1 b ! body weak] & less durable2 = he w\ld say t ea* s\l we>s out _m bodies1 especially if x lives _m ye>s2 = if ! body wa/es & is dissolv$ :ile ! man /ill lives1 b ! s\l cont9ually weaves anew :at is worn out1 x mu/ necess>ily foll[ t :5 ! s\l is dissolv$ x mu/ !n h on its la/ g>m5t1 & p]i% be=e ?is alone2 b :5 ! s\l has p]i%$ ! body w\ld %[ ! weakness ( its nature1 & quickly rot & vani%4 #hd4 ,s t x is n by any means "r to place implicit reliance on ?is argum5t1 & to believe t :5 we die our s\l /ill exi/s some:]e4 ,=1 if any "o %\ld conc$e to him :o admits ev5 m ?an y d1 & %\ld grant to him t n only did our s\l exi/ be=e we 7 born1 b t ev5 :5 we die no?+ h9d]s ! s\ls ( "s ( u f /ill exi/+1 & cont9u+ to exi/ h]eaft]1 & f be+ (t5 born1 & dy+ aga9--= s /rong is x by nature1 t x c hold out aga9/ repeat$ bir?s--if he grant$ ?is1 he w\ld n yet conc$e t x does n exhau/ itself 9 its _m bir?s1 & at l5g? p]i% altoge!r 9 "s "o ( ! dea?s4 ,b he w\ld say t no "o kn[s ?is dea? & dissolution ( ! body1 :i* br+s de/ruction to ! s\l2 = x is impossible = any "o ( u to p]ceive x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is be ! case1 x foll[s t e "o :o is confid5t at ! approa* ( dea? is fooli%ly confid5t1 unless he is able to prove t ! s\l is absolutely immortal & imp]i%able2 o!rwise x necess>ily foll[s t he :o is ab\t to die mu/ be al>m$ = 8 s\l1 le/ 9 its pres5t disunion f ! body x %\ld entirely p]i%4 #he4 ,^u ?is1 all ( u :o _h he>d !m speak+ 7 disagreeably affect$1 z we aft]w>d m5tion$ to ea* o!r2 because1 aft] we _h be5 fully p]suad$ by ! =m] argum5ts1 !y seem$ to di/urb u anew1 & to ca/ u into a di/ru/1 n only ( ! argum5ts already adduc$1 b ( su* z might aft]w>d be urg$1 = fe> le/ we %\ld n be fit judges ( any?+1 or le/ ! ?+s !mselves %\ld be incr$ible4 ,e*ec4 ,by ! gods6 ,phd1 ,i c readily excuse y2 =1 :ile ,i am n[ he>+ y1 x occurs to me to ask myself "s su* "q z ?is3 ,:at argum5ts c we any long] believe8 s9ce ! argum5t :i* ,socrates advanc$1 & :i* 0 exce$+ly cr$ible1 has n[ fall5 into discr$it4 ,= ?is argum5t1 t our s\l is a k9d ( h>mony1 produces a wond]ful impression on me1 bo? n[ & always1 & 9 be+ m5tion$1 x has rem9d$ me1 z x 71 t ,i1 too1 0 =m]ly ( ! same op9ion2 s t ,i /& 9 ne$ aga91 z if f ! v beg9n+1 ( "s o!r argum5t :i* may p]suade me t ! s\l ( "o :o dies does n die ) ! body4 ,tell me1 !re=e1 by ,jupit]6 h[ ,socrates foll[$ up ! argum5t2 & :e!r he1 too1 z y confess 0 ! case ) y\rselves1 seem$ disconc]t$ at all1 or n1 b calmly ma9ta9$ 8 position2 & ma9ta9$ x suffici5tly or defectively4 ,relate ev]y?+ to me z accurately z y c4 #hf4 ,phd4 ,inde$1 ,e*ecrates1 ?\gh ,i h (t5 admir$ ,socrates1 ,i 0 nev] m delight$ ?an at be+ ) him on t occasion4 ,t he %\ld be able to say some?+ is p]haps n at all surpris+2 b ,i especially admir$ ?is 9 him--fir/ ( all1 t he li/5$ to ! argum5t ( ! "y m5 s sweetly1 affably1 & approv+ly2 9 ! next place1 t he s quickly p]ceiv$ h[ we 7 affect$ by _! argum5ts2 &1 la/ly1 t he cur$ u s well & recall$ u1 :5 we 7 put to flight1 z x 71 & vanqui%$1 & enc\rag$ u to accompany him1 & consid] ! argum5t ) him4 ,e*ec4 ,h[ 0 t8 ,phd4 ,i w tell y3 ,i happ5$ to be sitt+ at 8 "r h&1 ne> ! b$1 ^u a l[ seat1 b he himself sat mu* high] ?an ,i4 ,/rok+ my head1 !n1 & lay+ hold ( ! hair t hung on my neck--= he us$1 (t51 to play ) my hairs--,to-morr[1 he said1 p]haps1 ,phd1 y w cut (f ^! beautiful locks8 ,x seems likely1 ,socrates1 said ,i4 #hg4 ,n if y are p]suad$ by me4 ,:y s8 ,i ask$4 ,to-day1 he repli$1 bo? ,i ought to cut (f m9e & y y\rs1 if our argum5t mu/ die1 & we are unable to revive x4 ,& ,i1 if ,i 7 y1 & ! argum5ts 7 to escape me1 w\ld take an oa?1 z ! ,argives d1 n to suff] my hair to gr[ until ,i _h r5ew$ ! conte/1 & vanqui%$ ! argum5ts ( ,simmias & ,cebes4 ,b1 ,i said1 ev5 ,h]cules himself is said n to h be5 a mat* = two4 ,call ^u me1 !n1 he said1 z y\r ,iolaus1 :ile x is yet day4 ,i d call on y1 !n1 ,i said1 n z ,h]cules ^u ,iolaus1 b z ,iolaus ^u ,h]cules4 ,x w make no diff]5ce1 he repli$4 ,b1 fir/ ( all1 we mu/ bew>e le/ we meet ) "s mis*ance4 ,:at8 ,i ask$4 ,t we d n become1 he answ]$1 hat]s ( reason+1 z "s become hat]s ( m52 = no great] evil c happ5 to any "o ?an to hate reason+4 #hh4 ,b hatr$ ( reason+ & hatr$ ( mank9d bo? spr+ f ! same s\rce4 ,= hatr$ ( mank9d is produc$ 9 u f hav+ plac$ too great reliance on "s "o )\t suffici5t k ( him1 & f hav+ consid]$ him to be a man altoge!r true1 s9c]e1 & fai?ful1 & !n1 aft] a little :ile1 f9d+ him deprav$ & unfai?ful1 & aft] him ano!r4 ,& :5 a man has (t5 exp]i5c$ ?is1 & especially f ^? :om he consid]$ 8 mo/ intimate & be/ fri5ds1 at l5g?1 hav+ frequ5tly /umbl$1 he hates all m51 & ?9ks t !re is no s\ndness at all 9 any ( !m4 ,h y n p]ceiv$ t ?is happ5s s8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i repli$4 ,is x n a %ame8 he said ,& is x n evid5t t su* a "o attempts to deal ) m5 )\t suffici5t k ( human affairs8 ,= if he _h dealt ) !m ) compet5t k1 z ! case really is1 s he w\ld h consid]$ t ! good & ! bad are ea* v few 9 numb]1 & t ^? betwe5 bo? are mo/ num]\s4 #hi4 ,h[ say y8 ,i ask$4 ,9 ! same mann]1 he repli$1 z ) ?+s v little & v l>ge ,d y ?9k t any ?+ is m r>e ?an to f9d a v l>ge on a v little man1 or dog1 or any ?+ else8 &1 aga91 swift or sl[1 beautiful or ugly1 :ite or black8 ,d y n p]ceive t ( all su* ?+s ! extremes are r>e & few1 b t ! int]m$iate are abundant & num]\s8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i repli$4 ,d y n ?9k1 !n1 he cont9u$1 t if a conte/ 9 wick$ness 7 propos$1 ev5 "h v few w\ld be f\nd pre-em95t8 ,x is probable1 ,i said4 ,x is s1 he said1 b 9 ?is respect reason+s d n resemble m51 = ,i 0 j n[ foll[+ y z my lead]1 b 9 ?is !y d resemble !m1 :5 any "o believes 9 any argum5t z true )\t be+ skill$ 9 ! art ( reason+1 & !n %ortly aft]w>d x appe>s to him to be false1 at "o "t be+ s & at ano!r "t n1 & s on ) "o aft] ano!r1#cd & especially !y :o devote !mselves to controv]sial argum5ts1 y are aw>e1 at l5g? ?9k !y h become v wise & h alone discov]$ t !re is no?+ s\nd & /able ei!r 9 ?+s or reason+s b t all ?+s t exi/1 z is ! case ) ! ,euripus1 are 9 a con/ant /ate ( flux & reflux1 & nev] cont9ue 9 any "o condition = any l5g? ( "t4 ,y speak p]fectly true1 ,i said4 #ij4 ,w\ld x n1 !n1 ,phd he said be a sad ?+ if1 :5 !re is a true & s\nd reason+1 & su* z "o c und]/&1 "o %\ld !n1 ?r\gh light+ ^u su* argum5ts z appe> to be at "o "t true & at ano!r false1 n blame "o's self & "o's own want ( skill1 b at l5g?1 ?r\gh grief1 %\ld anxi\sly transf] ! blame f "o's self to ! argum5ts1 & !reupon pass ! re/ ( "o's life 9 hat+ & revil+ argum5ts & s be deprav$ ( ! tru? & k ( ?+s t exi/8 ,by ,jupit]6 ,i said1 x w\ld be sad1 inde$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 he said1 let u bew>e ( ?is1 & let u n admit into our s\ls ! notion t !re appe>s to be no?+ s\nd 9 reason+1 b mu* r t we are n yet 9 a s\nd condition1 & t we ought vigor\sly & /r5u\sly to endeavor to become s\nd1 y & ! o!rs1 on acc\nt ( y\r :ole future life1 b ,i1 on acc\nt ( my dea?1 s9ce ,i am 9 dang]1 at ! pres5t "t1 ( n behav+ z becomes a philosoph] ) respect to ?is v subject1 b z a wrangl]1 l ^? :o are utt]ly un9=m$ #ia4 ,= !y1 :5 !y dispute ab\t any ?+1 c>e no?+ at all = ! subject ab\t :i* ! discussion is1 b are anxi\s ab\t ?is1 t :at !y h !mselves advanc$ %all appe> true to ! p]sons pres5t4 ,& ,i seem to myself on ! pres5t occasion to diff] f !m only 9 ?is respect1 = ,i %all n be anxi\s to make :at ,i say appe> true to ^? :o are pres5t1 except t may happ5 by ! way1 b t x may appe> c]ta9ly to be s to myself4 ,= ,i ?us reason1 my de> fri5d1 & obs]ve h[ int]e/$ly4 ,if :at ,i say be true1 x is well to be p]suad$ ( x1 b if no?+ rema9s to "o t is dead1 ,i %all1 at lea/1 dur+ ! int]val be=e dea? be less disagreeable to ^? pres5t by my lam5tations4 ,b ?is ignorance ( m9e w n cont9ue long1 = t w\ld be bad1 b w %ortly be put an end to4 ,?us prep>$1 !n1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 he cont9u$1 ,i n[ proce$ to my argum5t4 ,d y1 h[ev]1 if y w be p]suad$ by me1 pay little att5tion to ,socrates1 b mu* m to ! tru?1 & if ,i appe> to y to say any ?+ true1 ass5t to x1 b if n1 oppose me ) all y\r might1 tak+ good c>e t 9 my zeal ,i d n deceive bo? myself & y1 &1 l a bee1 dep>t leav+ my /+ beh9d4 #ib4 ,b let u proce$1 he said ,fir/ ( all1 rem9d me ( :at y said1 if ,i %\ld appe> to h =gott5 x ,= ,simmias1 z ,i ?9k1 is 9 d\bt1 & fe>s le/ ! s\l1 ?\gh m div9e & beautiful ?an ! body1 %\ld p]i% be=e x1 z be+ a species ( h>mony4 ,b ,cebes appe>$ to me to grant me ?is1 t ! s\l is m durable ?an ! body1 b he argu$ t x is unc]ta9 to e "o1 :e!r :5 ! s\l has worn out _m bodies & t repeat$ly1 x does n1 on leav+ ! la/ body1 itself also p]i%1 s t ?is v ?+ is dea?1 ! de/ruction ( ! s\l1 s9ce ! body nev] ceases decay+ ,are n ^! ! ?+s1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 :i* we h to inquire into8 ,!y bo? agre$ t !y 74 ,:e!r1 !n1 he cont9u$ d y reject all our =m] argum5ts1 or "s ( !m only1 & n o!rs8 ,"s we d1 !y repli$1 & o!rs n4 ,:at1 !n1 he proce$$1 d y say ab\t t argum5t 9 :i* we ass]t$ t k is rem9isc5ce1 & t1 ?is be+ ! case1 our s\l mu/ necess>ily h exi/$ some:]e be=e x 0 inclos$ 9 ! body8 #ic4 ,i1 inde$1 repli$ ,cebes 0 bo? !n wond]fully p]suad$ by x1 & n[ p]si/ 9 x1 z 9 no o!r argum5t4 ,& ,i1 too1 said ,simmias1 am ( ! same m9d1 & %\ld v mu* wond] if ,i %\ld ev] ?9k o!rwise on t po9t4 ,!n1 ,socrates said1 y mu/ ne$s ?9k o!rwise1 my ,!ban fri5d1 if ?is op9ion holds good1 t h>mony is some?+ comp\nd$1 & t ! s\l is a k9d ( h>mony t results f ! p>ts compact$ toge!r 9 ! body4 ,= surely y w n all[ y\rself to say t h>mony 0 compos$ prior to ! ?+s f :i* x requir$ to be compos$ ,w\ld y all[ ?is8 ,by no means1 ,socrates he repli$4 ,d y p]ceive1 !n1 he said1 t ?is result f :at y say1 :5 y ass]t t ! s\l exi/$ be=e x came into a human =m & body1 b t x 0 compos$ f ?+s t did n yet exi/8 ,= h>mony is n su* z t to :i* y comp>e x1 b fir/ ! lyre1 & ! *ords1 & ! s\nds yet unh>moniz$1 exi/1 &1 la/ ( all1 h>mony is produc$1 & fir/ p]i%es4 ,h[1 !n1 w ?is argum5t accord ) t8 ,n at all1 said ,simmias4 #id4 ,& yet1 he said1 if 9 any argum5t1 !re ought to be an accordance 9 "o respect+ h>mony4 ,!re ought1 said ,simmias4 ,?is ( y\rs1 h[ev]1 he said1 is n 9 accordance4 ,consid]1 !n1 :i* ( ^! two /atem5ts d y pref]--t k is rem9isc5ce1 or ! s\l h>mony8 ,! =m] by f>1 ,socrates1 he repli$2 = ! latt] occurr$ to me )\t demon/ration1 ?r\gh a c]ta9 probability & speci\sness :5ce mo/ m5 d]ive _! op9ions4 ,b ,i am well aw>e t argum5ts :i* draw _! demon/rations f probabilities are idle2 &1 unless "o is on "o's gu>d aga9/ !m1 !y are v deceptive1 bo? 9 geometry & all o!r subjects4 ,b ! argum5t respect+ rem9isc5ce & k may be said to h be5 demon/rat$ by a satisfactory hypo!sis4 ,= 9 ?is way x 0 said t our s\l exi/$ be=e x came into ! body1 because ! ess5ce t be>s ! appellation ( 't :i* is' belongs to x4 ,b ( ?is1 z ,i p]suade myself1 ,i am fully & rightly conv9c$4 ,x is !re=e necess>y1 z x seems1 t ,i %\ld nei!r all[ myself nor any "o else to ma9ta9 t ! s\l is h>mony4 #ie4 ,b :at1 ,simmias1 said he1 if y consid] x ?us8 ,does x appe> to y to app]ta9 to h>mony1 or to any o!r composition1 to subsi/ 9 any o!r way ?an ! v ?+s d ( :i* x is compos$8 ,by no means4 ,& inde$1 z ,i ?9k1 nei!r to d any ?+1 nor suff] any ?+ else1 besides :at !y d or suff]4 ,he agre$4 ,x does n1 !re=e1 app]ta9 to h>mony to take ! lead ( ! ?+s ( :i* x is compos$1 b to foll[ !m4 ,he ass5t$4 ,x is1 !n1 f> f be+ ! case t h>mony is mov$ or s5ds =? s\nds contr>iwise1 or is 9 any o!r respect oppos$ to its p>ts8 ,f>1 inde$1 he said4 ,:at1 !n8 ,is n e h>mony naturally h>mony1 s f> z x has be5 made to accord8 ,i d n und]/& y1 he repli$4 ,:e!r1 he said1 if x %\ld be 9 a great] degree & m fully made to accord1 suppos+ t 7 possible1 w\ld ! h>mony be great] & m full2 b if 9 a less degree & less fully1 !n w\ld x be inf]ior & less full8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,is ?is1 !n1 ! case ) ! s\l t1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ ext5t1 "o s\l is m fully & 9 a great] degree1 or less fully & 9 a less degree1 ?is v ?+1 a s\l1 ?an ano!r8 ,9 no respect :atev]1 he repli$4 #if4 ,well1 !n1 he said1 by ,jupit]6 is "o s\l said to possess intellig5ce & virtue1 & to be good1 & ano!r folly & vice1 & to be bad8 & is ?is said ) tru?8 ,) tru?1 c]ta9ly4 ,( ^?1 !n1 :o ma9ta9 t ! s\l is h>mony1 :at w any "o say t ^! ?+s are 9 ! s\l1 virtue & vice8 ,w he call !m ano!r k9d ( h>mony & discord1 & say t ! "o1 ! good s\l1 is h>moniz$1 &1 be+ h>mony1 conta9s )9 itself ano!r h>mony1 b t ! o!r is discordant1 & does n conta9 )9 itself ano!r h>mony8 ,i am unable to say1 repli$ ,simmias2 b x is cle> t he :o ma9ta9s t op9ion w\ld say some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,b x has be5 already grant$1 said he1 t "o s\l is n m or less a s\l ?an ano!r2 & ?is is an admission t "o h>mony is n to a great] degree or m fully1 or to a less degree or less fully1 a h>mony1 ?an ano!r2 is x n s8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& t t :i* is nei!r m or less h>mony is nei!r m nor less h>moniz$3 is x s8 ,x is4 ,b does t :i* is nei!r m or less h>moniz$ p>take ( m or less h>mony1 or an equal am\nt8 ,an equal am\nt4 #ig4 ,a s\l1 !re=e1 s9ce x is n m or less ?is v ?+1 a s\l1 ?an ano!r1 is n m or less h>moniz$8 ,ev5 s4 ,su*1 !n1 be+ its condition1 x c n p>take ( a great] degree ( discord or h>mony8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,&1 aga91 su* be+ its condition1 c "o s\l p>take ( a great] degree ( vice or virtue ?an ano!r1 if vice be discord1 & virtue h>mony8 ,x c n4 ,or r1 surely1 ,simmias1 accord+ to "r reason1 no s\l w p>take ( vice1 if x is h>mony2 = d\btless h>mony1 :i* is p]fectly su*1 c nev] p>take ( discord8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 c a s\l :i* is p]fectly a s\l p>take ( vice4 ,h[ c x1 f :at has be5 already said8 ,f ?is reason+1 !n1 all s\ls ( all animals w be equally good1 if1 at lea/1 !y are by nature equally ?is v ?+1 s\ls8 ,x appe>s s to me1 ,socrates1 he said4 ,& does x appe> to y1 he said1 to h be5 ?us rightly argu$1 & t ! argum5t w\ld lead to ?is result1 if ! hypo!sis 7 correct1 t ! s\l is h>mony8 #ih4 ,on no acc\nt :atev]1 he repli$4 ,b :at1 said he1 ( all ! ?+s t are 9 man8 ,is !re any ?+ else t y say be>s rule except ! s\l1 especially if x be wise8 ,i %\ld say n4 ,:e!r by yield+ to ! passions 9 ! body1 or by oppos+ !m8 ,my mean+ is ?is3 = in/ance1 :5 heat & ?ir/ are pres5t1 by draw+ x ! contr>y way1 s z to h9d] x f dr9k+2 & :5 hung] is pres5t1 by h9d]+ x f eat+2 & 9 t5 ?\s& o!r in/ances we see ! s\l oppos+ ! desires ( ! body4 ,d we n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b h we n be=e all[$ t if ! s\l 7 h>mony1 x w\ld nev] utt] a s\nd contr>y to ! t5sion1 relaxation1 vibration1 or any o!r affection to :i* its compon5t p>ts are subject1 b w\ld foll[1 & nev] gov]n !m8 ,we did all[ x1 he repli$1 = h[ c\ld we d o!rwise8 ,:at1 !n8 ,does n ! s\l n[ appe> to act q ! contr>y1 rul+ ov] all ! p>ts f :i* any "o might say x subsi/s1 & resi/+ almo/ all ( !m ?r\gh ! :ole ( life1 & ex]cis+ dom9ion ov] !m 9 all mann] ( ways2 puni%+ "s m sev]ely ev5 ) pa91 bo? by gymna/ics & m$ic9e1 & o!rs m mildly2 p>tly ?reat5+1 & p>tly admoni%+ ! desires1 ang]s & fe>s1 z if1 be+ itself ( a diff]5t nature1 x 7 conv]s+ ) some?+ q diff]5t8 #ii4 ,j z ,hom] has done 9 ! ,odyssey1#ce :]e he speaks ( ,ulysses--',hav+ /ruck 8 brea/1 he *id 8 he>t 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,be> up1 my he>t2 ere ?is ?\ ha/ borne f> worse4' ,d y ?9k t he compos$ ?is 9 ! belief t ! s\l 0 h>mony1 & capable ( be+ l$ by ! passions ( ! body1 & n r t x 0 able to lead & gov]n !m1 z be+ some?+ mu* m div9e ?an to be comp>$ ) h>mony8 ,by ,jupit]6 ,socrates1 x appe>s s to me4 ,!re=e1 my excell5t fri5d1 x is on no acc\nt correct = u to say t ! s\l is a k9d ( h>mony2 =1 z x appe>s1 we %\ld nei!r agree ) ,hom]1 t div9e poet1 nor ) ourselves4 ,su* is ! case1 he repli$4 ,be x s1 !n1 said ,socrates1 we h already1 z x seems1 suffici5tly appeas$ ?is ,!ban h>mony4 ,b h[1 ,cebes1 & by :at argum5ts1 %all we appease ?is ,cadmus8#cf #ajj4 ,y appe> to me1 repli$ ,cebes1 to be likely to f9d out2 = y h made out ?is argum5t aga9/ h>mony wond]fully beyond my expectation4 ,= :5 ,simmias 0 say+ :at 8 d\bts 71 ,i wond]$ v mu* :e!r any "o w\ld be able to answ] 8 reason+4 ,x1 !re=e1 appe>$ to me unacc\ntable t he did n )/& ! v fir/ onset ( y\r argum5t4 ,i %\ld n1 !re=e1 be surpris$ if ! argum5ts ( ,cadmus met ) ! same fate4 ,my good fri5d1 said ,socrates1 d n speak s boa/fully1 le/ "s envi\s p[] %\ld ov]?r[ ! argum5t t is ab\t to be urg$4 ,^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 w be c>$ = by ! deity2 b let u1 meet+ h& to h&1 9 ! mann] ( ,hom]1 try :e!r y say any ?+ to ! purpose4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! sum ( :at y inquire y require x to be prov$ t our s\l is imp]i%able & immortal2 if a philosoph] t is ab\t to die1 full ( confid5ce & hope t aft] dea? he %all be f> happi] ?an if he _h di$ aft] lead+ a diff]5t k9d ( life1 %all n ent]ta9 ?is confid5ce fooli%ly & va9ly4 #aja4 ,b to %[ t ! s\l is some?+ /rong & div9e1 & t x exi/$ be=e we m5 7 born1 y say n at all h9d]s1 b t all ^! ?+s may ev9ce1 n its immortality1 b t ! s\l is durable1 & exi/$ an imm5se space ( "t be=e1 & knew & did _m ?+s4 ,b t1 = all ?is1 x 0 n at all ! m immortal1 b t its v entrance into ! body ( a man 0 ! beg9n+ ( its de/ruction1 z if x 7 a disease2 s t x passes ?r\gh ?is life 9 wret*$ness1 & at la/ p]i%es 9 t :i* is call$ dea?4 ,b y say t x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r x comes into a body once or (t51 ) respect to our occasion ( fe>2 = x is "r he %\ld be afraid1 unless he is fooli%1 :o does n "k1 & c n give a reason to prove1 t ! s\l is immortal4 ,su*1 ,i ?9k1 ,cebes1 is ! sum ( :at y say2 & ,i purposely repeat x (t51 t no?+ may escape u1 &1 if y please1 y may add to or take f x4 ,cebes repli$1 ,i d n wi% at pres5t ei!r to take f or add to x2 t is :at ,i mean4 #ajb4 ,socrates1 !n hav+ paus$ = "s "t1 & consid]$ some?+ )9 himself1 said1 ,y inquire into no easy matt]1 ,cebes2 = x is absolutely necess>y to discuss ! :ole "q ( g5]ation & corruption4 ,if y please1 !n1 ,i w relate to y :at happ5$ to me ) ref]5ce to !m2 & aft]w>d1 if any ?+ t ,i %all say %all appe> to y useful t[>d produc+ conviction on ! subject y are n[ treat+ (1 make use ( x4 ,i d inde$ wi% x1 repli$ ,cebes4 ,he> my relation1 !n4 ,:5 ,i 0 a "y man1 ,cebes1 ,i 0 wond]fully desir\s ( t wisdom :i* !y call a hi/ory ( nature2 = x appe>$ to me to be a v sublime ?+ to "k ! causes ( e ?+--:y ea* ?+ is g5]at$1 :y x p]i%es1 & :y x exi/s4 ,& ,i (t5 toss$ myself upw>d & d[nw>d1 consid]+ fir/ su* ?+s z ^!1 :e!r :5 heat & cold h und]gone a c]ta9 corruption1 z "s say1 !n animals are =m$2 & :e!r ! blood is t by means ( :i* we ?9k1 or air1 or fire1 or none ( ^!1 b t x is ! bra9 t produces ! p]ceptions ( he>+1 see+1 & smell+2 & t f ^! come memory & op9ion2 & f memory & op9ion1 :5 9 a /ate ( re/1 9 ! same way k is produc$4 #ajc4 ,&1 aga91 consid]+ ! corruptions ( ^!1 & ! affections incid5tal to ! heav5s & ! e>?1 ,i at l5g? appe>$ to myself s unskillful 9 ^! speculations t no?+ c\ld be m s4 ,b ,i w give y a suffici5t pro( ( ?is2 = ,i !n became1 by ^! v speculations1 s v bl9d ) respect to ?+s :i* ,i knew cle>ly be=e1 z x appe>$ to myself & o!rs1 t ,i unle>n$ ev5 ! ?+s :i* ,i ?\ght ,i knew be=e1 bo? on _m o!r subjects & also ?is1 :y a man gr[s4 ,=1 be=e1 ,i ?\ght ?is 0 evid5t to e "o--t x proce$s f eat+ & dr9k+2 = t1 :51 f ! food1 fle% is add$ to fle%1 bone to bone1 & s on 9 ! same proportion1 :at is prop] to !m is add$ to ! sev]al o!r p>ts1 !n ! bulk :i* 0 small becomes aft]w>d l>ge1 & ?us t a little man becomes a big "o4 ,su* 0 my op9ion at t "t4 ,does x appe> to y correct8 ,to me x does1 said ,cebes4 #ajd4 ,consid] ?is fur!r4 ,i ?\ght t ,i _h =m$ a "r op9ion1 :51 on see+ a tall man /&+ by a %ort "o1 ,i judg$ t he 0 tall] by ! head1 & 9 l mann]1 "o horse ?an ano!r2 &1 /ill m cle>ly ?an ?is1 t5 appe>$ to me to be m ?an eight by two be+ add$ to !m1 & t two cubits are great] ?an "o cubit by exce$+ x a half4 ,b n[1 said ,cebes1 :at ?9k y ( ^! matt]s8 ,by ,jupit]6 said he1 ,i am f> f ?9k+ t ,i "k ! cause ( ^!1 = t ,i c n ev5 p]suade myself ( ?is3 :5 a p]son has add$ "o to "o1 :e!r ! "o to :i* ! addition has be5 made has become two1 or :e!r t :i* has be5 add$1 & t to :i* ! addition has be5 made1 h become two by ! addition ( ! "o to ! o!r4 ,= ,i wond] if1 :5 ea* ( ^! 0 sep>ate f ! o!r1 ea* 0 "o1 & !y 7 n yet two2 b :5 !y h approa*$ ne>] ea* o!r ?is %\ld be ! cause ( _! becom+ two--namely1 ! union by :i* !y h be5 plac$ ne>] "o ano!r4 #aje4 ,nor yet1 if any p]son %\ld divide "o1 am ,i able to p]suade myself t ?is1 _! division1 is ! cause ( its becom+ two4 ,= ?is cause is ! contr>y to ! =m] "o ( _! becom+ two2 = !n x 0 because !y 7 br\ght ne>] to ea* o!r1 & ! "o 0 add$ to ! o!r2 b n[ x is because "o is remov$ & sep>at$ f ! o!r4 ,nor d ,i yet p]suade myself t ,i "k :y "o is "o1 nor1 9 a ^w1 :y any ?+ else is produc$1 or p]i%es1 or exi/s1 accord+ to ?is me?od ( proce$+2 b ,i mix up ano!r me?od ( my own at r&om1 = ?is ,i c on no acc\nt give 9 to4 ,b1 hav+ once he>d a p]son read+ f a book1 writt51 z he said1 by ,anaxagoras1 & :i* said t x is intellig5ce t sets 9 ord] & is ! cause ( all ?+s1 ,i 0 delight$ ) ?is cause1 & x appe>$ to me 9 a mann] to be well t intellig5ce %\ld be ! cause ( all ?+s1 & ,i consid]$ ) myself1 if ?is is s1 t ! regulat+ intellig5ce ord]s all ?+s1 & disposes ea* 9 su* way z w be be/ = x4 #ajf4 ,if any "o1 !n1 %\ld desire to discov] ! cause ( e ?+1 9 :at way x is produc$1 or p]i%es1 or exi/s1 he mu/ discov] ?is respect+ x--9 :at way x is be/ = x ei!r to exi/1 or to suff]1 or d any ?+ else4 ,f ?is mode ( reason+1 !n1 x is prop] t a man %\ld consid] no?+ else1 bo? ) respect to himself & o!rs1 ?an :at is mo/ excell5t & be/2 & x necess>ily foll[s t ?is same p]son mu/ also "k t :i* is wor/1 = t ! k ( bo? ( !m is ! same4 ,?us reason+ ) myself1 ,i 0 delight$ to ?9k ,i _h f\nd 9 ,anaxagoras a preceptor :o w\ld in/ruct me 9 ! causes ( ?+s1 agreeably to my own m9d1 & t he w\ld in=m me1 fir/1 :e!r ! e>? is flat or r\nd1 &1 :5 he _h in=m$ me1 w\ld1 moreov]1 expla9 ! cause & necessity ( its be+ s1 argu+ on ! pr9ciple ( ! bett]1 & %[+ t x is bett] = x to be su* z x is2 & if he %\ld say t x is 9 ! middle1 t he w\ld1 moreov]1 expla9 h[ x is bett] = x to be 9 ! middle2 & if he %\ld make all ?is cle> to me1 ,i 0 prep>$ no long] to require any o!r species ( cause4 #ajg4 ,i 0 9 l mann] prep>$ to inquire respect+ ! sun & moon & ! o!r />s1 ) respect to _! velocities 9 ref]5ce to ea* o!r1 & _! revolutions & o!r conditions1 9 :at way x is bett] = bo? to act & be affect$ z x does & is4 ,= ,i nev] ?\ght t aft] he _h said t ^! ?+s 7 set 9 ord] by intellig5ce1 he w\ld introduce any o!r cause = !m ?an t x is be/ = !m to be z !y are4 ,h5ce1 ,i ?\ght1 t 9 assign+ ! cause to ea* ( !m1 & to all 9 common1 he w\ld expla9 t :i* is be/ = ea*1 & ! common good ( all4 ,& ,i w\ld n h giv5 up my hopes = a good deal2 b1 hav+ tak5 up 8 books ) great eag]ness1 ,i read ?r\gh !m z quickly z ,i c\ld1 t ,i might z soon z possible "k ! be/ & ! wor/4 #ajh4 ,f ?is wond]ful hope1 h[ev]1 my fri5d1 ,i 0 spe$ily ?r[n d[n1 :51 z ,i advance & read ov] 8 works1 ,i meet ) a man :o makes no use ( intellig5ce1 nor assigns any causes = ! ord]+ ( all ?+s1 b makes ! causes to consi/ ( air1 e!r1 & wat]1 & _m o!r ?+s equally absurd4 ,& he appe>$ to me to be v l "o :o %\ld say t :atev] ,socrates does he does by intellig5ce1 & !n1 attempt+ to describe ! causes ( ea* p>ticul> action1 %\ld say1 fir/ ( all1 t = ?is reason ,i am n[ sitt+ "h1 because my body is compos$ ( bones & s9ews & t ! bones are h>d1 & h jo9ts sep>ate f ea* o!r1 b t ! s9ews1 be+ capable ( t5sion & contraction1 cov] ! bones1 toge!r ) ! fle% & sk9 :i* conta9 !m4 ,! bones1 !re=e1 be+ susp5d$ 9 _! sockets1 ! n]ves1 relax+ & tight5+1 enable me to b5d my limbs z ,i n[ d1 & f ?is cause ,i sit "h b5t up4 #aji4 ,& if1 aga91 he %\ld assign o!r simil> causes = my conv]s+ ) y1 assign+ z causes voice1 & air1 & he>+1 & t5 ?\s& o!r ?+s ( ! k9d1 omitt+ to m5tion ! real causes1 t s9ce x appe>$ bett] to ! ,a!nians to condemn me1 ,i !re=e ?\ght x bett] to sit "h1 & m j to rema9 & submit to ! puni%m5t :i* !y h ord]$2 =1 by ! dog6 ,i ?9k ^! s9ews & bones w\ld h be5 long ago ei!r 9 ,meg>a or ,boeotia1 borne ?i!r by an op9ion ( t :i* is be/1 if ,i _h n ?\ght x m j & honorable to submit to :atev] s5t5ce ! city might ord] ?an to flee & run /eal?ily away4 ,b to call su* ?+s causes is too absurd4 ,b if any "o %\ld say t )\t possess+ su* ?+s z bones & s9ews1 & :atev] else ,i h1 ,i c\ld n d :at ,i pleas$1 he w\ld speak ! tru?2 b to say t ,i d z ,i d ?r\gh !m1 & t ,i act ?us by intellig5ce1 & n f ! *oice ( :at is be/1 w\ld be a great & extreme disreg>d ( reason4 #aaj4 ,= ?is w\ld be n to be able to di/+ui% t ! real cause is "o ?+1 & t ano!r1 )\t :i* a cause c\ld n be a cause2 :i*1 inde$1 ! g5]ality ( m5 appe> to me to d1 fumbl+1 z x 71 9 ! d>k1 & mak+ use ( /range names1 s z to d5om9ate !m z ! v cause4 ,:]e=e "o encompass+ ! e>? ) a vortex f heav5 makes ! e>? rema9 fix$2 b ano!r1 z if x 7 a broad tr\gh1 re/s x ^u ! air z its base2 b ! p[] by :i* ^! ?+s are n[ s dispos$ t !y may be plac$ 9 ! be/ mann] possible1 ?is !y nei!r inquire into1 nor d !y ?9k t x requires any sup]human /r5g?2 b !y ?9k !y w "s "t or o!r f9d out an ,atlas /rong] & m immortal ?an ?is1 & m capable ( conta9+ all ?+s2 & 9 reality1 ! good1 & t :i* ought to hold !m toge!r & conta9 !m1 !y take no acc\nt ( at all4 ,i1 !n1 %\ld mo/ gladly h become ! disciple ( any "o :o w\ld tea* me ( su* a cause1 9 :at way x is4 ,b :5 ,i 0 disappo9t$ ( ?is1 & 0 nei!r able to discov] x myself1 nor to le>n x f ano!r1 d y wi%1 ,cebes1 t ,i %\ld %[ y 9 :at way ,i set out ^u a second voyage 9 se>* ( ! cause8 #aaa4 ,i wi% x exce$+ly1 he repli$4 ,x appe>$ to me1 !n1 said he1 aft] ?is1 :5 ,i 0 we>i$ ) consid]+ ?+s t exi/1 t ,i ought to bew>e le/ ,i %\ld suff] 9 ! same way z !y d :o look at & exam9e an eclipse ( ! sun1 = "s lose ! sight ( _! eyes1 unless !y behold its image 9 wat]1 or "s simil> m$ium4 ,& ,i 0 affect$ ) a simil> feel+1 & 0 afraid le/ ,i %\ld be utt]ly bl9d$ 9 my s\l ?r\gh behold+ ?+s ) ! eyes1 & endeavor+ to grasp !m by means ( ! sev]al s5ses4 ,x seem$ to me1 !re=e1 t ,i ought to h rec\rse to reasons1 & to consid] 9 !m ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ?is similitude ( m9e may 9 "s respect be incorrect2 = ,i d n altoge!r admit t he :o consid]s ?+s 9 _! reasons consid]s !m 9 _! images1 m ?an he does :o views !m 9 _! effects4 ,h[ev]1 ,i proce$$ ?us1 & on ea* occasion lay+ d[n ! reason1 :i* ,i deem to be ! /ronge/1 :atev] ?+s appe> to me to accord ) ?is ,i reg>d z true1 bo? ) respect to ! cause & e ?+ else2 b su* z d n accord ,i reg>d z n true4 #aab4 ,b ,i wi% to expla9 my mean+ to y 9 a cle>] mann]2 = ,i ?9k t y d n yet und]/& me4 ,no1 by ,jupit]6 said ,cebes1 n well4 ,h[ev]1 cont9u$ he1 ,i am n[ say+ no?+ new1 b :at ,i h always at o!r times1 & 9 a =m] "p ( ?is discussion1 nev] ceas$ to say4 ,i proce$1 !n1 to attempt to expla9 to y t species ( cause :i* ,i h busi$ myself ab\t1 & return aga9 to ^? well-kn[n subjects1 & set out f !m1 lay+ d[n z an hypo!sis1 t !re is a c]ta9 ab/ract beauty1 & goodness1 & magnitude1 & s ( all o!r ?+s2 :i* if y grant me1 & all[ t !y d exi/1 ,i hope t ,i %all be able f ^! to expla9 ! cause to y1 & to discov] t ! s\l is immortal4 ,b1 said ,cebes1 s9ce ,i grant y ?is1 y may draw y\r conclusion at once4 ,b consid]1 he said1 :at foll[s f !nce1 & see if y c agree ) me4 ,= x appe>s to me t if !re is any ?+ else beautiful besides beauty itself1 x is n beautiful = any o!r reason ?an because x p>takes ( t ab/ract beauty2 & ,i say ! same ( e ?+4 ,d y admit su* a cause8 ,i d admit x1 he repli$4 #aac4 ,i d n yet und]/&1 he cont9u$1 nor am ,i able to conceive1 ^? o!r wise causes2 b if any "o %\ld tell me :y any ?+ is beautiful1 ei!r because x has a bloom+ florid color1 or figure1 or any ?+ else ( ! k9d1 ,i dismiss all o!r reasons1 = ,i am conf\nd$ by !m all2 b ,i simply1 :olly1 & p]haps fooli%ly1 conf9e myself to ?is1 t no?+ else causes x to be beautiful except ei!r ! pres5ce or communication ( t ab/ract beauty1 by :atev] means & 9 :atev] way communicat$2 = ,i c n yet affirm ?is ) c]ta9ty1 b only t by means ( beauty all beautiful ?+s become beautiful4 ,= ?is appe>s to me ! safe/ answ] to give bo? to myself & o!rs2 & adh]+ to ?is1 ,i ?9k t ,i %all nev] fall1 b t x is a safe answ] bo? = me & any "o else to give--t by means ( beauty beautiful ?+s become beautiful4 ,does x n also seem s to y8 ,x does4 ,& t by magnitude great ?+s become great1 & great] ?+s1 great]2 & by littl5ess less ?+s become less8 ,yes4 #aad4 ,y w\ld n1 !n1 approve ( x1 if any "o said t "o p]son is great] ?an ano!r by ! head1 & t ! less is less by ! v same ?+2 b y w\ld ma9ta9 t y mean no?+ else ?an t e ?+ t is great] ?an ano!r is great] by no?+ else ?an magnitude1 & t x is great] on ?is acc\nt--t is1 on acc\nt ( magnitude2 & t ! less is less by no?+ else ?an littl5ess1 & on ?is acc\nt less--t is1 on acc\nt ( littl5ess2 be+ afraid1 ,i ?9k1 le/ "s opposite argum5t %\ld meet y if y %\ld say t any "o is great] & less by ! head2 z1 fir/1 t ! great] is great]1 & ! less less1 by ! v same ?+2 &1 next1 t ! great] is great] by ! head1 :i* is small2 & t x is mon/r\s to suppose t any "o is great ?r\gh some?+ small4 ,%\ld y n be afraid ( ?is8 ,to :i* said ,cebes1 smil+ly1 ,inde$1 ,i %\ld4 ,%\ld y n1 !n1 he cont9u$1 be afraid to say t t5 is m ?an eight by two1 & = ?is cause exce$s x1 & n by numb]1 & on acc\nt ( numb]8 & t two cubits are great] ?an "o cubit by half1 & n by magnitude 7= ! fe> is surely ! same78 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 #aae4 ,:at1 !n8 ,:5 "o has be5 add$ to "o1 w\ld y n bew>e ( say+ t ! addition is ! cause ( its be+ two1 or division :5 x has be5 divid$2 & w\ld y n l\dly ass]t t y "k no o!r way 9 :i* ea* ?+ subsi/s1 ?an by p>tak+ ( ! peculi> ess5ce ( ea* ( :i* x p>takes1 & t 9 ^! cases y c assign no o!r cause ( its becom+ two ?an its p>tak+ ( duality2 & t su* ?+s z are to become two mu/ ne$s p>take ( ?is1 & :at is to become "o1 ( unity2 b ^! divisions & additions1 & o!r su* subtleties1 y w\ld dismiss1 leav+ !m to be giv5 z answ]s by p]sons wis] ?an y\rself2 :]eas y1 fe>+1 z x is said1 y\r own %ad[ & inexp]i5ce1 w\ld adh]e to ?is safe hypo!sis1 & answ] accord+ly8 ,b if any "o %\ld assail ?is hypo!sis ( y\rs1 w\ld y n dismiss him1 & refra9 f answ]+ him till y _h consid]$ ! consequ5ces result+ f x1 :e!r 9 y\r op9ion !y agree ) or diff] f ea* o!r8 ,b :5 x %\ld be necess>y = y to give a reason = x1 w\ld y give "o 9 a simil> way1 by aga9 lay+ d[n ano!r hypo!sis1 :i* %\ld appe> ! be/ ( high] pr9ciples1 until y arriv$ at some?+ satisfactory2 b1 at ! same "t1 y w\ld avoid mak+ confusion1 z disputants d1 9 treat+ ( ! fir/ pr9ciple & ! results aris+ f x1 if y really desire to arrive at ! tru? ( ?+s8 #aaf4 ,= !y1 p]haps1 make no acc\nt at all ( ?is1 nor pay any att5tion to x2 = !y are able1 ?r\gh _! wisdom1 to m+le all ?+s toge!r1 & at ! same "t please !mselves4 ,b y1 if y are a philosoph]1 w\ld act1 ,i ?9k1 z ,i n[ describe4 ,y speak mo/ truly1 said ,simmias & ,cebes toge!r4 ,e*ec4 ,by ,jupit]6 ,phd1 !y said s ) good reason2 = he appe>s to me to h expla9$ ^! ?+s ) wond]ful cle>ness1 ev5 to "o endu$ ) a small degree ( intellig5ce4 ,phd4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,e*ecrates1 & s x appe>$ to all :o 7 pres5t4 ,e*ec4 ,& s x appe>s to me1 :o 0 abs5t1 & n[ he> x relat$4 ,b :at 0 said aft] ?is8 ,z well z ,i rememb]1 :5 ^! ?+s _h be5 grant$ him1 & x 0 all[$ t ea* sev]al idea exi/s ( itself1#cg & t o!r ?+s p>tak+ ( !m receive _! d5om9ation f !m1 he next ask$3 ,if1 !n1 he said1 y admit t ?+s are s1 :e!r1 :5 y say t ,simmias is great] ?an ,socrates1 b less ?an ,phd1 d y n !n say t magnitude & littl5ess are bo? 9 ,simmias8 ,i d4 #aag4 ,& yet1 he said1 y mu/ confess t ,simmias's exce$+ ,socrates is n actually true 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! words express x2 = ,simmias does n naturally exce$ ,socrates 9 t he is ,simmias1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! magnitude :i* he happ5s to h2 nor1 aga91 does he exce$ ,socrates because ,socrates is ,socrates1 b because ,socrates possesses littl5ess 9 comp>ison ) 8 magnitude8 ,true4 ,nor1 aga91 is ,simmias exce$$ by ,phd1 because ,phd is ,phd1 b because ,phd possesses magnitude 9 comp>ison ) ,simmias's littl5ess8 ,x is s4 ,?us1 !n1 ,simmias has ! appellation ( be+ bo? little & great1 be+ betwe5 bo?1 by exce$+ ! littl5ess ( "o ?r\gh 8 own magnitude1 & to ! o!r yield+ a magnitude t exce$s 8 own littl5ess4 ,& at ! same "t1 smil+1 he said1 ,i seem to speak ) ! precision ( a %ort-h& writ]2 h[ev]1 x is z ,i say4 ,he all[$ x4 #aah4 ,b ,i say x = ?is reason1 wi%+ y to be ( ! same op9ion z myself4 ,= x appe>s to me1 n only t magnitude itself is nev] dispos$ to be at ! same "t great & little1 b t magnitude 9 u nev] admits ! little nor is dispos$ to be exce$$1 b "o ( two ?+s1 ei!r to flee & )draw :5 its contr>y1 ! little1 approa*es x1 or1 :5 x has actually come1 to p]i%2 b t x is n dispos$1 by su/a9+ & receiv+ littl5ess1 to be diff]5t f :at x 04 ,j z ,i1 hav+ receiv$ & su/a9$ littl5ess1 & /ill cont9u+ ! p]son t ,i am1 am ?is same little p]son2 b t1 :ile x is great1 nev] endures to be little4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ! little t is 9 u is n dispos$ at any "t to become or to be great1 nor is any ?+ else among contr>ies1 :ile x cont9ues :at x 01 at ! same "t dispos$ to become & to be its contr>y2 b 9 ?is cont+5cy x ei!r dep>ts or p]i%es4 #aai4 ,x appe>s s to me1 said ,cebes1 9 e respect4 ,b "s "o ( ^? pres5t1 on he>+ ?is1 ,i d n cle>ly rememb] :o he 01 said1 ,by ! gods6 0 n ! v contr>y ( :at is n[ ass]t$ admitt$ 9 ! =m] "p ( our discussion1 t ! great] is produc$ f ! less1 & ! less f ! great]1 &1 9 a ^w1 t ! v production ( contr>ies is f contr>ies8 ,b n[ x appe>s to me to be ass]t$ t ?is c nev] be ! case4 ,^u ?is ,socrates1 hav+ lean$ 8 head =w>d & li/5$1 said1 ,y h rem9d$ me 9 a manly way2 y d n1 h[ev]1 p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is n[ & :at 0 !n ass]t$4 ,= !n x 0 said t a contr>y ?+ is produc$ f a contr>y2 b n[1 t a contr>y c nev] become contr>y to itself--nei!r t :i* is 9 u1 nor t :i* is 9 nature4 ,= !n1 my fri5d1 we spoke ( ?+s t h contr>ies1 call+ !m by ! appellation ( ^? ?+s2 b n[ we are speak+ ( ^? v ?+s f ! pres5ce ( :i* ?+s s call$ receive _! appellation1 & ( ^! v ?+s we say t !y are nev] dispos$ to admit ( production f ea* o!r4 #abj4 ,&1 at ! same "t look+ at ,cebes1 ,has any?+ t has be5 said1 ,cebes1 di/urb$ y8 ,inde$1 said ,cebes1 ,i am n at all s dispos$2 h[ev]1 ,i by no means say t !re are n _m ?+s t di/urb me4 ,!n1 he cont9u$1 we h q agre$ to ?is1 t a contr>y c nev] be contr>y to itself4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,b1 fur!r1 he said1 consid] :e!r y w agree ) me 9 ?is also4 ,d y call heat & cold any ?+8 ,i d4 ,! same z sn[ & fire8 ,by ,jupit]6 ,i d n4 ,b heat is some?+ diff]5t f fire1 & cold some?+ diff]5t f sn[8 ,yes4 ,b ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is app>5t to y--t sn[1 :ile x is sn[1 c nev]1 :5 x has admitt$ heat1 z we said be=e1 cont9ue to be :at x 01 sn[ & hot2 b1 on ! approa* ( heat1 x mu/ ei!r )draw or p]i%8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,&1 aga91 t fire1 :5 cold approa*es x1 mu/ ei!r dep>t or p]i%2 b t x w nev] endure1 :5 x has admitt$ coldness1 to cont9ue :at x 01 fire & cold8 #aba4 ,y speak truly1 he said4 ,x happ5s1 !n1 he cont9u$1 ) respect to "s ( su* ?+s1 t n only is ! idea itself always ?\ght wor?y ( ! same appellation1 b likewise some?+ else :i* is n1 inde$1 t idea itself1 b con/antly reta9s its =m s long z x exi/s4 ,:at ,i mean w p]haps be cle>] 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ! odd 9 numb] mu/ always possess ! "n by :i* we n[ call x1 mu/ x n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,mu/ x alone1 ( all ?+s--= ?is ,i ask--or is !re any ?+ else :i* is n ! same z ! odd1 b yet :i* we mu/ always call odd1 toge!r ) its own "n1 because x is s con/itut$ by nature t x c nev] be )\t ! odd8 ,b ?is1 ,i say1 is ! case ) ! numb] ?ree1 & _m o!rs4 ,= consid] ) respect to ! numb] ?ree3 does x n appe> to y t x mu/ always be call$ by its own "n1 z well z by t ( ! odd1 :i* is n ! same z ! numb] ?ree8 ,yet su* is ! nature ( ! numb] ?ree1 five1 & ! entire half ( numb]1 t ?\gh !y are n ! same z ! odd1 yet ea* ( !m is always odd4 ,&1 aga91 two & f\r1 & ! :ole o!r s]ies ( numb]1 ?\gh n ! same z ! ev51 are nev]!less ea* ( !m always ev53 d y admit ?is1 or n8 #abb4 ,h[ %\ld ,i n8 he repli$4 ,obs]ve !n1 said he1 :at ,i wi% to prove4 ,x is ?is--t x appe>s n only t ^! contr>ies d n admit ea* o!r1 b t ev5 su* ?+s z are n contr>y to ea* o!r1 & yet always possess contr>ies1 d n appe> to admit t idea :i* is contr>y to ! idea t exi/s 9 !mselves1 b1 :5 x approa*es1 p]i% or dep>t4 ,%all we n all[ t ! numb] ?ree w\ld fir/ p]i%1 & suff] any ?+ :atev]1 r ?an endure1 :ile x is /ill ?ree1 to become ev58 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 said ,cebes4 ,& yet1 said he1 ! numb] two is n contr>y to ?ree4 ,surely n4 ,n only1 !n1 d ideas t are contr>y nev] all[ ! approa* ( ea* o!r1 b "s o!r ?+s also d n all[ ! approa* ( contr>ies4 ,y say v truly1 he repli$4 ,d y wi%1 !n1 he said1 t1 if we are able1 we %\ld def9e :at ^! ?+s are8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,w\ld !y n !n1 ,cebes1 he said1 be su* ?+s z1 :atev] !y occupy1 compel t ?+ n only to reta9 its own idea1 b also t ( some?+ :i* is always a contr>y8 ,h[ d y mean8 #abc4 ,z we j n[ said4 ,= y "k1 surely1 t :atev] ?+s ! idea ( ?ree occupies mu/ ( necessity n only be ?ree1 b also odd8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,to su* a ?+1 !n1 we ass]t1 t ! idea contr>y to t =m :i* con/itutes ?is c nev] come4 ,x c n4 ,b did ! odd make x s8 ,yes4 ,& is ! contr>y to ?is ! idea ( ! ev58 ,yes4 ,! idea ( ! ev51 !n1 w nev] come to ! ?ree8 ,no1 surely4 ,?ree1 !n1 has no "p 9 ! ev58 ,none :atev]4 ,! numb] ?ree is unev58 ,yes4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ,i said %\ld be def9$--namely1 :at ?+s !y are :i*1 ?\gh n contr>y to "s p>ticul> ?+1 yet d n admit ( ! contr>y itself2 z1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! numb] ?ree1 ?\gh n contr>y to ! ev51 does n any ! m admit x1 = x always br+s ! contr>y ) x1 j z ! numb] two does to ! odd1 fire to cold1 & _m o!r p>ticul>s4 ,consid]1 !n1 :e!r y w\ld ?us def9e1 n only t a contr>y does n admit a contr>y1 b also t t :i* br+s ) x a contr>y to t to :i* x approa*es w nev] admit ! contr>y ( t :i* x br+s ) x4 #abd4 ,b call x to m9d aga91 = x w n be useless to he> x (t5 repeat$4 ,five w n admit ! idea ( ! ev51 nor t51 its d\ble1 t ( ! odd4 ,?is d\ble1 !n1 ?\gh x is itself contr>y to some?+ else1#ch yet w n admit ! idea ( ! odd1 nor w half z mu* aga91 nor o!r ?+s ( ! k9d1 su* z ! half & ! ?ird "p1 admit ! idea ( ! :ole1 if y foll[ me1 & agree ) me t x is s4 ,i entirely agree ) y1 he said1 & foll[ y4 ,tell me aga91 !n1 he said1 f ! beg9n+2 & d n answ] me 9 ! t]ms 9 :i* ,i put ! "q1 b 9 diff]5t ones1 imitat+ my example4 ,= ,i say ?is because1 besides t safe mode ( answ]+ :i* ,i m5tion$ at fir/1#ci f :at has n[ be5 said1 ,i see ano!r no less safe "o4 ,= if y %\ld ask me :at t is :i*1 if x be 9 ! body1 w cause x to be hot1 ,i %\ld n give y t safe b unle>n$ answ]1 t x is heat1 b "o m elegant1 f :at we h j n[ said1 t x is fire2 nor1 if y %\ld ask me :at t is :i*1 if x be 9 ! body1 w cause x to be diseas$1 %\ld ,i say t x is disease1 b fev]2 nor if y %\ld ask :at t is :i*1 if x be 9 numb]1 w cause x to be odd1 %\ld ,i say t x is unev5ness1 b unity2 & s ) o!r ?+s4 ,b consid] :e!r y suffici5tly und]/& :at ,i mean4 #abe4 ,p]fectly s1 he repli$4 ,answ] me1 !n1 he said1 :at t is :i*1 :5 x is 9 ! body1 ! body w be alive8 ,s\l1 he repli$4 ,is n ?is1 !n1 always ! case8 ,h[ %\ld x n be8 said he4 ,does ! s\l1 !n1 always br+ life to :atev] x occupies8 ,x does inde$1 he repli$4 ,:e!r1 !n1 is !re any ?+ contr>y to life or n8 ,!re is1 he repli$4 ,:at8 ,dea?4 ,! s\l1 !n1 w nev] admit ! contr>y ( t :i* x br+s ) x1 z has be5 already all[$8 ,mo/ assur$ly1 repli$ ,cebes4 ,:at1 !n8 ,h[ d we d5om9ate t :i* does n admit ! idea ( ! ev58 ,unev51 he repli$4 ,& t :i* does n admit ! j1 nor ! musical8 ,unmusical1 he said1 & unju/4 ,be x s4 ,b :at d we call t :i* does n admit dea?8 ,immortal1 he repli$4 ,!re=e1 does n ! s\l admit dea?8 ,no4 ,is ! s\l1 !n1 immortal8 ,immortal4 #abf4 ,be x s1 he said4 ,%all we say1 !n1 t ?is has be5 n[ demon/rat$8 or h[ ?9k y8 ,mo/ completely1 ,socrates4 ,:at1 !n1 said he1 ,cebes1 if x 7 necess>y = ! unev5 to be imp]i%able1 w\ld ! numb] ?ree be o!rwise ?an imp]i%able8 ,h[ %\ld x n8 ,if1 !re=e1 x 7 also necess>y t :at is )\t heat %\ld be imp]i%able1 :5 any "o %\ld introduce heat to sn[1 w\ld n ! sn[ )draw itself1 safe & unmelt$8 ,= x w\ld n p]i%2 nor yet w\ld x /ay & admit ! heat4 ,y say truly1 he repli$4 ,9 l mann]1 ,i ?9k1 if t :i* is insusceptible ( cold 7 imp]i%able1 t :5 any ?+ cold approa*$ ! fire1 x w\ld nei!r be ext+ui%$ nor p]i%1 b w\ld dep>t q safe4 ,( necessity1 he said4 ,mu/ we n1 !n1 ( necessity1 he cont9u$1 speak ?us ( t :i* is immortal8 if t :i* is immortal is imp]i%able1 x is impossible = ! s\l to p]i%1 :5 dea? approa*es x4 ,=1 f :at has be5 said already1 x w n admit dea?1 nor w ev] be dead2 j z we said t ?ree w nev] be ev51 nor1 aga91 w ! odd2 nor w fire be cold1 nor yet ! heat t is 9 fire4 #abg4 ,b "s "o may say1 :at h9d]s1 ?\gh ! odd c nev] become ev5 by ! approa* ( ! ev51 z we h all[$1 yet1 :5 ! odd is de/roy$1 t ! ev5 %\ld succe$ 9 its place8 ,we c\ld n cont5d ) him :o %\ld make ?is objection t x is n de/roy$1 = ! unev5 is n imp]i%able2 s9ce1 if ?is 7 grant$ u1 we might easily h cont5d$ t1 on ! approa* ( ! ev51 ! odd & ! ?ree dep>t2 & we might h cont5d$ 9 ! same way ) respect to fire1 heat1 & ! re/1 might we n8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:]e=e1 ) respect to ! immortal1 if we h all[$ t x is imp]i%able1 ! s\l1 9 addition to its be+ immortal1 mu/ also be imp]i%able2 if n1 !re w be ne$ ( o!r argum5ts4 ,b !re is no ne$1 he said1 s f> z t is conc]n$2 = sc>cely c\ld any ?+ n admit ( corruption1 if t :i* is immortal & et]nal is liable to x4 #abh4 ,! deity1 inde$1 ,i ?9k1 said ,socrates1 & ! idea itself ( life1 & if any?+ else is immortal1 mu/ be all[$ by all be+s to be incapable ( dissolution4 ,by ,jupit]6 he repli$1 by all m51 inde$1 & /ill m1 z ,i ?9k1 by ! gods4 ,s9ce1 !n1 t :i* is immortal is also incorruptible1 c ! s\l1 s9ce x is immortal1 be any ?+ else ?an imp]i%able8 ,x mu/1 ( necessity1 be s4 ,:51 !re=e1 dea? approa*es a man1 ! mortal "p ( him1 z x appe>s1 dies1 b ! immortal "p dep>ts safe & uncorrupt$1 hav+ )drawn itself f dea?8 ,x appe>s s4 ,! s\l1 !re=e1 he said1 ,cebes1 is mo/ c]ta9ly immortal & imp]i%able1 & our s\ls w really exi/ 9 ,hades4 ,!re=e1 ,socrates1 he said1 ,i h no?+ fur!r to say aga9/ ?is1 nor any reason = d\bt+ y\r argum5ts4 ,b if ,simmias "h1 or any "o else1 has any ?+ to say1 x 7 well = him n to be sil5t2 = ,i "k n to :at o!r opportunity beyond ! pres5t any "o c def] x1 :o wi%es ei!r to speak or he> ab\t ^! ?+s4 ,b1 inde$1 said ,simmias1 nei!r h ,i any reason to d\bt :at has be5 urg$2 yet1 f ! magnitude ( ! subject discuss$1 & f my l[ op9ion ( human weakness1 ,i am compell$ /ill to reta9 a d\bt )9 myself ) respect to :at has be5 said4 ,n only s1 ,simmias1 said ,socrates1 b y say ?is well2 &1 moreov]1 ! fir/ hypo!ses1 ev5 ?\gh !y are cr$ible to y1 %\ld nev]!less be exam9$ m c>efully2 & if y %\ld inve/igate !m suffici5tly1 ,i ?9k y w foll[ my reason+ z f> z x is possible = man to d s2 & if ?is v po9t becomes cle>1 y w inquire no fur!r4 ,y speak truly1 he said4 ,b x is "r1 my fri5ds1 he said1 t we %\ld consid] ?is--- t if ! s\l is immortal1 x requires our c>e n only = ! pres5t "t1 :i* we call life1 b = all "t2 & ! dang] w\ld n[ appe> to be dreadful if "o %\ld neglect x4 #acj4 ,= if dea? 7 a deliv]ance f e ?+1 x w\ld be a great ga9 = ! wick$1 :5 !y die1 to be deliv]$ at ! same "t f ! body1 & f _! vices toge!r ) ! s\l2 b n[1 s9ce x appe>s to be immortal1 x c h no o!r refuge f evils1 nor safety1 except by becom+ z good & wise z possible4 ,= ! s\l goes to ,hades possess+ no?+ else ?an its discipl9e & education1 :i* are said to be ( ! greate/ advantage or detrim5t to ! dead1 on ! v beg9n+ ( 8 j\rney ?i!r4 ,=1 ?us1 x is said t ea* p]son's demon :o 0 assign$ to him :ile liv+1 :5 he dies conducts him to "s place1 :]e !y t are assembl$ toge!r mu/ receive s5t5ce1 & !n proce$ to ,hades ) t guide :o has be5 ord]$ to conduct !m f h5ce ?i!r4 ,b !re hav+ receiv$ _! des]ts1 & hav+ rema9$ ! appo9t$ "t1 ano!r guide br+s !m back hi!r aga91 aft] _m & long revolutions ( "t4 ,! j\rney1 !n1 is n su* z ! ,telephus ( s*ylus describes x2 = he says t a simple pa? leads to ,hades2 b x appe>s to me to be nei!r simple nor "o1 = !re w\ld be no ne$ ( guides1 nor c\ld any "o ev] miss ! way1 if !re 7 b "o4 ,b n[ x appe>s to h _m divisions & w9d+s2 & ?is ,i conjecture f our religi\s & fun]al rites4#dj #aca4 ,! well-ord]$ & wise s\l1 !n1 bo? foll[s1 & is n ignorant ( its pres5t condition2 b t :i* ?r\gh passion cl+s to ! body1 z ,i said be=e1 hav+ long+ly flutt]$ ab\t x = a long "t1 & ab\t its visible place1#da aft] vehem5t resi/ance & great suff]+1 is =cibly & ) great difficulty l$ away by its appo9t$ demon4 ,& :5 x arrives at ! place :]e ! o!rs are1 impure & hav+ done any su* ?+ z ! committal ( unrighte\s murd]s or o!r simil> actions1 :i* are k9dr$ to ^!1 & are ! de$s ( k9dr$ s\ls1 e "o %uns x & turns away f x1 & w be nei!r its fell[-travel] nor guide2 b x w&]s ab\t1 oppress$ ) e k9d ( helplessness1 until c]ta9 p]iods h elaps$2 & :5 ^! are complet$1 x is c>ri$1 ( necessity1 to an abode suitable to x4 ,b ! s\l :i* has pass$ ?r\gh life ) purity & mod]ation1 hav+ obta9$ ! gods = its fell[-travel]s & guides1 settles ea* 9 ! place suit$ to x4 #acb4 ,!re are1 inde$1 _m & wond]ful places 9 ! e>?1 & x is itself nei!r ( su* a k9d nor ( su* a magnitude z is suppos$ by ^? :o are accu/om$ to speak ( ! e>?1 z ,i h be5 p]suad$ by a c]ta9 p]son4 ,:]eupon ,simmias said1 ,h[ mean y1 ,socrates8 ,= ,i1 too1 h he>d _m ?+s ab\t ! e>?--n1 h[ev]1 ^? ?+s :i* h obta9$ y\r belief4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 gladly he> !m4 ,inde$1 ,simmias1 ! art ( ,glaucus#db does n seem to me to be requir$ to relate :at ^! ?+s are4 ,t !y are true1 h[ev]1 appe>s to me m ?an ! art ( ,glaucus c prove1 &1 besides1 ,i %\ld probably n be able to d x2 & ev5 if ,i did "k h[1 :at rema9s to me ( life1 ,simmias1 seems insuffici5t = ! l5g? ( ! subject4 ,h[ev]1 ! =m ( ! e>?1 su* z ,i am p]suad$ x is1 & ! diff]5t places 9 x1 no?+ h9d]s me f tell+4 ,b t w be en\gh1 said ,simmias4 ,i am p]suad$1 !n1 said he1 9 ! fir/ place1 t1 if ! e>? is 9 ! middle ( ! heav5s1 & is ( a sph]ical =m1 x has no ne$ ( air1 nor ( any o!r simil> =ce1 to prev5t x f fall+2 b t ! simil>ity ( ! heav5s to !mselves on e side1 & ! equilibrium ( ! e>? itself1 are suffici5t to support x2 = a ?+ 9 a /ate ( equilibrium :5 plac$ 9 ! middle ( some?+ t presses x equally on all sides c n incl9e m or less on any side1 b1 be+ equally affect$ all ar\nd1 rema9s unmov$4 #acc4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 he said1 ,i am p]suad$ ( ?is4 ,& v prop]ly s1 said ,simmias4 ,yet1 fur!r1 said he1 t x is v l>ge1 & t we :o inhabit "s small portion ( x1 f ! riv] ,phasis to ! pill>s ( ,h]cules1 dwell ab\t ! sea1 l ants or frogs ab\t a m>%2 & t _m o!rs else:]e dwell 9 _m simil> places1 = t !re are ev]y:]e ab\t ! e>? _m holl[s ( v>i\s =ms & sizes into :i* !re is a conflu5ce ( wat]1 mi/ & air2 b t ! e>? itself1 be+ pure1 is situat$ 9 ! pure heav5s1 9 :i* are ! />s1 & :i* mo/ p]sons :o are accu/om$ to speak ab\t su* ?+s call e!r2 ( :i* ^! ?+s are ! s$im5t1 & are cont9ually fl[+ into ! holl[ p>ts ( ! e>?4 #acd4 ,t we are ignorant1 !n1 t we are dwell+ 9 its holl[s1 & imag9e t we inhabit ! upp] p>ts ( ! e>?1 j z if any "o dwell+ 9 ! bottom ( ! sea %\ld ?9k t he dwelt on ! sea1 &1 behold+ ! sun & ! o!r />s ?r\gh ! wat]1 %\ld imag9e t ! sea 0 ! heav5s2 b1 ?r\gh slo? & weakness1 %\ld nev] h rea*$ ! surface ( ! sea2 nor1 hav+ em]g$ & ris5 up f ! sea to ?is region1 h se5 h[ mu* m pure & m beautiful x is ?an ! place :]e he is1 nor has he>d ( x f any "o else :o has se5 x4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! v condition 9 :i* we are2 =1 dwell+ 9 "s holl[ ( ! e>?1 we ?9k t we dwell on ! surface ( x1 & call ! air heav51 z if ! />s mov$ ?r\gh ?is1 be+ heav5 itself4 ,b ?is is because1 by reason ( our weakness & slo?1 we are unable to rea* to ! summit ( ! air4 ,s9ce1 if any "o c\ld arrive at its summit1 or1 becom+ w+$1 c\ld fly up ?i!r1 or1 em]g+ f h5ce1 he w\ld see--j z ) u1 fi%es1 em]g+ f ! sea1 behold :at is "h1 s any "o w\ld behold ! ?+s !re2 & if 8 nature 7 able to endure ! contemplation1 he w\ld "k t t is ! true heav51 & ! true light1 & ! true e>?4 #ace4 ,= ?is e>? & ^! /ones1 & ! :ole region "h1 are decay$ & corrod$1 z ?+s 9 ! sea by ! saltness2 = no?+ ( any value gr[s 9 ! sea1 nor1 9 a ^w1 does x conta9 any ?+ p]fect2 b !re are cav]ns & s&1 & mud 9 abundance1 & fil?1 9 :atev] p>ts ( ! sea !re is e>?1 nor are !y at all wor?y to be comp>$ ) ! beautiful ?+s ) u4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? ?+s 9 ! upp] regions ( ! e>? w\ld appe> f> m to excel ! ?+s ) u4 ,=1 if we may tell a beautiful fable1 x is well wor? he>+1 ,simmias1 :at k9d ! ?+s are on ! e>? b5ea? ! heav5s4 ,inde$1 ,socrates1 said ,simmias1 we %\ld be v glad to he> t fable4 #acf4 ,fir/ ( all1 !n1 my fri5d1 he cont9u$1 ?is e>?1 if any "o %\ld survey x f above1 is said to h ! appe>ance ( balls cov]$ ) twelve diff]5t pieces ( lea!r1 v>iegat$ & di/+ui%$ ) colors1 ( :i* ! colors f\nd "h1 & :i* pa9t]s use1 are1 z x 71 copies4 ,b !re ! :ole e>? is compos$ ( su*1 & f> m brilliant & pure ?an ^!2 = "o "p ( x is purple1 & ( wond]ful beauty1 "p ( a gold5 color1 & "p ( :ite1 m :ite ?an *alk or sn[1 &1 9 l mann]1 compos$ ( o!r colors1 & ^? m 9 numb] & m beautiful ?an any we h ev] beheld4 ,& ^? v holl[ p>ts ( ! e>?1 ?\gh fill$ ) wat] & air1 exhibit a c]ta9 species ( color1 %9+ among ! v>iety ( o!r colors1 s t "o cont9ually v>iegat$ aspect pres5ts itself to ! view4 ,9 ?is e>?1 be+ su*1 all ?+s t gr[1 gr[ 9 a mann] proportion$ to its nature--trees1 fl[]s & fruits2 &1 aga91 9 l mann]1 its m\nta9s & /ones possess1 9 ! same proportion1 smoo?ness & transp>5cy1 & m beautiful colors2 ( :i* ! well-kn[n /ones "h t are s highly priz$ are b fragm5ts1 su* z s>d9e-/ones1 jasp]s1 & em]alds1 & all ( t k9d4 ,b !re1 !re is no?+ subsi/s t is n ( ?is "*1 & ev5 m beautiful ?an ^!4 #acg4 ,b ! reason ( ?is is1 because ! /ones !re are pure1 & n eat5 up & decay$1 l ^? "h1 by rott5ness & saltness1 :i* fl[ d[n hi!r toge!r1 & :i* produce de=mity & disease 9 ! /ones & ! e>?1 & 9 o!r ?+s1 ev5 animals & plants4 ,b t e>? is adorn$ ) all ^!1 &1 moreov]1 ) gold & silv]1 & o!r ?+s ( ! k9d3 = !y are naturally conspicu\s1 be+ num]\s & l>ge1 & 9 all p>ts ( ! e>?2 s t to behold x is a sight = ! bless$4 ,!re are also _m o!r animals & m5 ^u x1 "s dwell+ 9 mid-e>?1 o!rs ab\t ! air1 z we d ab\t ! sea1 & o!rs 9 isl&s :i* ! air fl[s r\nd1 & :i* are ne> ! cont95t2 &1 9 "o ^w1 :at wat] & ! sea are to u1 = our necessities1 ! air is to !m2 & :at air is to u1 t e!r is to !m4 #ach4 ,b _! seasons are ( su* a temp]am5t t !y are free f disease1 & live = a mu* long] "t ?an ^? "h1 & surpass u 9 sight1 he>+1 & smell+1 & e ?+ ( ?is k9d1 z mu* z air excels wat]1 & e!r air1 9 purity4 ,moreov]1 !y h abodes & temples ( ! gods1 9 :i* gods really dwell1 & voices & oracles1 & s5sible visions ( ! gods1 & su*-l int]c\rse ) !m2 ! sun1 too1 & moon1 & />s1 are se5 by !m su* z !y really are1 & _! felicity 9 o!r respects is correspond5t ) ^! ?+s4 ,&1 su*1 inde$1 is ! nature ( ! :ole e>?1 & ! p>ts ab\t ! e>?2 b !re are _m places all r\nd x ?r\gh\t its cavities1 "s deep] & m op5 ?an t 9 :i* we dwell2 b o!rs t are deep] h a less *asm ?an our region1 & o!rs are %all[] 9 dep? ?an x is "h1 & broad]4 #aci4 ,b all ^! are 9 _m places p]=at$ "o into ano!r "u ! e>?1 "s ) n>r[] & "s ) wid] *annels1 & h passages ?r\gh1 by :i* a great quantity ( wat] fl[s f "o into ano!r1 z into bas9s1 & !re are imm5se bulks ( ev]-fl[+ riv]s "u ! e>?1 bo? ( hot & cold wat]1 & a great quantity ( fire1 & mighty riv]s ( fire1 & _m ( liquid mire1 "s pur]1 & "s m miry1 z 9 ,sicily !re are riv]s ( mud t fl[ be=e ! lava1 & ! lava itself1 & f ^! ! sev]al places are fill$1 accord+ z ! ov]fl[ f "t to "t happ5s to come to ea* ( !m4 ,b all ^! move up & d[n1 z x 71 by a c]ta9 oscillation exi/+ 9 ! e>?4 ,& ?is oscillation proce$s f su* natural cause z ?is2 "o ( ! *asms ( ! e>? is exce$+ly l>ge1 & p]=at$ ?r\gh ! entire e>?1 & is t :i* ,hom]#dc speaks (1 'v f> (f1 :]e is ! mo/ pr(\nd abyss b5ea? ! e>?1' :i* else:]e bo? he & _m o!r poets h call$ ,t>t>us4 ,= into ?is *asm all riv]s fl[ toge!r1 & f x fl[ out aga92 b !y sev]ally d]ive _! "* f ! e>? ?r\gh :i* !y fl[4 #adj4 ,& ! reason :y all /reams fl[ out f !nce1 & fl[ into x1 is because ?is liquid has nei!r bottom nor base4 ,!re=e1 x oscillates & fluctuates up & d[n1 & ! air & ! w9d ar\nd x d ! same2 = !y accompany x bo? :5 x ru%es to ^? p>ts ( ! e>?1 & :5 to ^!4 ,& z 9 respiration ! fl[+ brea? is cont9ually brea!d out & drawn 91 s !re ! w9d oscillat+ ) ! liquid causes c]ta9 vehem5t & irresi/ible w9ds bo? z x ent]s & goes out4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! wat] ru%+ 9 desc5ds to ! place :i* we call ! l[] region1 x fl[s ?r\gh ! e>? into ! /reams !re1 & fills !m1 j z m5 pump up wat]4 ,b :5 aga9 x leaves ^? regions & ru%es hi!r1 x aga9 fills ! riv]s "h2 & ^!1 :5 fill$1 fl[ ?r\gh *annels & ?r\gh ! e>?1 &1 hav+ sev]ally rea*$ ! sev]al places to :i* !y are j\rney+1 !y make seas1 lakes1 riv]s1 & f\nta9s4 #ada4 ,!n1 s9k+ aga9 f !nce b5ea? ! e>?1 "s ( !m hav+ gone r\nd long] & m num]\s places1 & o!rs r\nd few] & %ort]1 !y aga9 dis*>ge !mselves into ,t>t>us--"s mu* l[] ?an !y 7 drawn up1 o!rs only a little s2 b all ( !m fl[ 9 aga9 b5ea? ! po9t at :i* !y fl[$ out4 ,& "s issue out directly opposite ! place by :i* !y fl[ 91 o!rs on ! same side4 ,!re are also "s :i*1 hav+ gone r\nd altoge!r 9 a circle1 fold+ !mselves once or sev]al times r\nd ! e>?1 l s]p5ts1 :5 !y h desc5d$ z l[ z possible1 dis*>ge !mselves aga92 & x is possible = !m to desc5d on ei!r side z f> z ! middle1 b n beyond2 = 9 ea* direction !re is an acclivity to ! /reams bo? ways4 ,n[1 !re are _m o!r l>ge & v>i\s /reams2 b among ?is great numb] !re are f\r c]ta9 /reams1 ( :i* ! l>ge/1 & t :i* fl[s mo/ outw>dly r\nd ! e>?1 is call$ ,ocean2 b directly opposite ?is1 & fl[+ 9 a contr>y direction1 is ,a*]on1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh o!r des]t places1 &1 moreov]1 pass+ "u ! e>?1 rea*es ! ,a*]usian lake1 :]e ! s\ls ( mo/ :o die arrive2 &1 hav+ rema9$ !re = c]ta9 de/9$ p]iods1 "s long] & "s %ort]1 are aga9 s5t =? into ! g5]ations ( animals4 #adb4 ,a ?ird riv] issues midway betwe5 ^!1 &1 ne> its s\rce1 falls into a va/ region1 burn+ ) abundance ( fire1 & =ms a lake l>g] ?an our sea1 boil+ ) wat] & mud4 ,f h5ce x proce$s 9 a circle1 turbul5t & muddy1 &1 fold+ itself r\nd x1 rea*es bo? o!r places & ! extremity ( ! ,a*]usian lake1 b does n m+le ) its wat]2 b1 fold+ itself (t5times b5ea? ! e>?1 x dis*>ges itself into ! l[] p>ts ( ,t>t>us4 ,& ?is is ! riv] :i* !y call ,pyriphlege?on1 ^: burn+ /reams emit dissev]$ fragm5ts 9 :atev] "p ( ! e>? !y happ5 to be4 ,opposite to ?is1 aga91 ! f\r? riv] fir/ falls into a place dreadful & savage1 z x is said1 hav+ its :ole color l cyanus3#dd ?is !y call ,/ygian1 & ! lake :i* ! riv] =ms by its dis*>ge1 ,/yx4 ,?is riv]1 hav+ fall5 9 "h1 & receiv$ awful p[] 9 ! wat]1 s9k+ b5ea? ! e>?1 proce$s1 fold+ itself r\nd1 9 an opposite c\rse to ,pyriphlege?on1 & meets x 9 ! ,a*]usian lake f1 a contr>y direction4 ,nei!r does ! wat] ( ?is riv] m+le ) any o!r2 b x1 too1 hav+ gone r\nd 9 a circle1 dis*>ges itself into ,t>t>us1 opposite to ,pyriphlege?on4 ,its "n1 z ! poets say1 is ,cocytus4 #adc4 ,^! ?+s be+ ?us con/itut$1 :5 ! dead arrive at ! place to :i* _! demon leads !m sev]ally1 fir/ ( all !y are judg$1 z well ^? :o h liv$ well & pi\sly1 z ^? :o h n4 ,& ^? :o appe> to h pass$ a middle k9d ( life1 proce$+ to ,a*]on1 & emb>k+ 9 ! vessels !y h1 on ^! arrive at ! lake1 & !re dwell2 & :5 !y are purifi$1 & h suff]$ puni%m5t = ! iniquities !y may h committ$1 !y are set free1 & ea* receives ! rew>d ( 8 good de$s1 accord+ to 8 des]ts4 ,b ^? :o appe> to be incurable1 ?r\gh ! magnitude ( _! (f5ses1 ei!r f hav+ committ$ _m & great sacrileges1 or _m unju/ & lawless murd]s1 or o!r simil> crimes1 ^! a suitable de/9y hurls into ,t>t>us1 :5ce !y nev] come =?4 #add4 ,b ^? :o appe> to h be5 guilty ( curable yet great (f5ses--su* z ^? :o1 ?r\gh ang]1 h committ$ any viol5ce aga9/ fa!r or "m1 & h liv$ ! rema9d] ( _! life 9 a /ate ( p5it5ce1 or !y :o h become homicides 9 a simil> mann]--^! mu/1 ( necessity1 fall into ,t>t>us4 ,b aft] !y h fall51 & h be5 !re = a ye>1 ! wave ca/s !m =?1 ! homicides into ,cocytus1 b ! p>ricides & matricides into ,pyriphlege?on4 ,b :51 be+ borne along1 !y arrive at ! ,a*]usian lake1 !re !y cry out to & invoke1 "s ^? :om !y slew1 o!rs ^? :om !y injur$1 &1 invok+ !m1 !y entreat & implore !m to suff] !m to g out into ! lake1 & to receive !m1 & if !y p]suade !m1 !y g out1 & are fre$ f _! suff]+s1 b if n1 !y are borne back to ,t>t>us1 & !nce aga9 to ! riv]s4 ,& !y d n cease f suff]+ ?is until !y h p]suad$ ^? :om !y h injur$1 = ?is s5t5ce 0 impos$ on !m by ! judges4 #ade4 ,b ^? :o are f\nd to h liv$ an em95tly holy life1 ^! are !y :o1 be+ fre$ & set at l>ge f ^! regions 9 ! e>? z f a prison1 arrive at ! pure abode above1 & dwell on ! upp] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,& among ^!1 !y :o h suffici5tly purifi$ !mselves by philosophy %all live )\t bodies1 ?r\gh\t all future "t1 & %all arrive at habitations yet m beautiful ?an ^! :i* x is nei!r easy to describe1 nor at pres5t is !re suffici5t "t = ! purpose4 ,b1 = ! sake ( ^! ?+s :i* we h describ$1 we %\ld use e endeavor1 ,simmias1 s z to acquire virtue & wisdom 9 ?is life1 = ! rew>d is noble1 & ! hope great4 ,to affirm positively1 inde$1 t ^! ?+s are exactly z ,i h describ$ !m does n become a man ( s5se4 ,t1 h[ev]1 ei!r ?is1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 takes place ) respect to our s\ls & _! habitations--s9ce our s\l is c]ta9ly immortal--?is appe>s to me mo/ fitt+ to be believ$1 & wor?y ! haz>d = "o :o tru/s 9 its reality2 = ! haz>d is noble1 & x is "r to allure ourselves ) su* ?+s1 z ) en*antm5ts1 = :i* reason ,i h prolong$ my /ory to su* a l5g?4 #adf4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! ?+s1 !n1 a man ought to be confid5t ab\t 8 s\l :o1 dur+ ?is life1 has disreg>d$ all ! pleasures & ornam5ts ( ! body z =eign f 8 nature1 & :o1 hav+ ?\ght t !y d m h>m ?an good1 has zeal\sly appli$ himself to ! acquirem5t ( k1 & :o1 hav+ adorn$ 8 s\l1 n ) a =eign1 b its own prop] ornam5t--temp]ance1 ju/ice1 =titude1 fre$om1 & tru?--?us waits = 8 passage to ,hades1 z "o :o is ready to dep>t :5ev] de/9y %all summon him4 ,y1 !n1 he cont9u$1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 & ! re/1 w ea* ( y dep>t at "s future "t1 b n[ de/9y summons me1 z a tragic writ] w\ld say1 & x is ne>ly "t = me to betake myself to ! ba?1 = x appe>s to me to be bett] to dr9k ! poison aft] ,i h ba!d myself1 & n to tr\ble ! wom5 ) wa%+ my dead body4 #adg4 ,:5 he _h ?us spok51 ,crito said1 ,s be x1 ,socrates1 b :at comm&s h y to give to ^! or to me1 ei!r respect+ y\r *ildr51 or any o!r matt]1 9 att5d+ to :i* we c mo/ oblige y8 ,:at ,i always say1 ,crito1 he repli$1 no?+ new t by tak+ c>e ( y\rselves y w oblige bo? me & m9e1 & y\rselves1 :atev] y d1 ?\gh y %\ld n n[ promise x1 & if y neglect y\rselves1 & w n live1 z x 71 9 ! foot/eps ( :at has be5 n[ & =m]ly said1 ev5 ?\gh y %\ld promise mu* at pres5t1 & t e>ne/ly1 y w d no good at all4 ,we w endeavor1 !n1 s to d1 he said4 ,b h[ %all we bury y8 ,j z y please1 he said1 if only y c cat* me1 & ,i d n escape f y4 #adh4 ,&1 at ! same "t smil+ g5tly1 & look+ r\nd on u1 he said1 ,i _c p]suade ,crito1 my fri5ds1 t ,i am t ,socrates :o is n[ conv]s+ ) y1 & :o me?odizes ea* "p ( ! disc\rse2 b he ?9ks t ,i am he :om he w %ortly behold dead1 & asks h[ he %\ld bury me4 ,b t :i* ,i "s "t s9ce argu$ at l5g?1 t :5 ,i h drunk ! poison ,i %all no long] rema9 ) y1 b %all dep>t to "s happy /ate ( ! bless$1 ?is ,i seem to h urg$ to him 9 va91 ?\gh ,i meant at ! same "t to console bo? y & myself4 ,be ye1 !n1 my sureties to ,crito1 he said1 9 an obligation contr>y to t :i* he made to ! judges 7= he und]took t ,i %\ld rema972 b d y be sureties t1 :5 ,i die1 ,i %all n rema91 b %all dep>t1 t ,crito may m easily be> x2 &1 :5 he sees my body ei!r burn$ or buri$1 may n be afflict$ = me1 z if ,i suff]$ f "s dreadful ?+2 nor say at my int]m5t t ,socrates is laid out1 or is c>ri$ out1 or is buri$4 #adi4 ,= be well assur$1 he said1 mo/ excell5t ,crito1 t to speak improp]ly is n only culpable z to ! ?+ itself1 b likewise occasions "s injury to our s\ls4 ,y mu/ h a good c\rage1 !n1 & say t y bury my body1 & bury x 9 su* a mann] z is pleas+ to y1 & z y ?9k is mo/ agreeable to our laws4 ,:5 he _h said ?us1 he rose1 & w5t into a *amb] to ba!1 & ,crito foll[$ him1 b he direct$ u to wait = him4 ,we wait$1 !re=e1 conv]s+ among ourselves ab\t :at _h be5 said1 & consid]+ x aga91 & sometimes speak+ ab\t our calamity1 h[ sev]e x w\ld be to u1 s9c]ely ?9k+ t1 l ^? :o are depriv$ ( a fa!r1 we %\ld pass ! re/ ( our life z orphans4 ,:5 he _h ba!d1 & 8 *ildr5 7 br\ght to him 7= he _h two little sons & "o gr[n up71 & ! wom5 belong+ to 8 family 7 come1 hav+ conv]s$ ) !m 9 ! pres5ce ( ,crito1 & giv5 !m su* injunctions z he wi%$1 he direct$ ! wom5 & *ildr5 to g away1 & !n return$ to u4 ,& x 0 n[ ne> sunset2 = he sp5t a consid]able "t )94 #aej4 ,b :5 he came f ba?+ he sat d[n1 & did n speak mu* aft]w>d2 !n ! (fic] ( ! ,elev5 came 91 &1 /&+ ne> him1 said1 ,socrates1 ,i %all n h to f9d t fault ) y t ,i d ) o!rs1 t !y are angry ) me1 & curse me1 :51 by ord] ( ! ar*ons1 ,i bid !m dr9k ! poison4 ,b y1 on all o!r occasions dur+ ! "t y h be5 "h1 ,i h f\nd to be ! mo/ noble1 meek1 & excell5t man ( all t ev] came into ?is place2 &1 !re=e1 ,i am n[ well conv9c$ t y w n be angry ) me 7= y "k :o are to blame71 b ) !m4 ,n[1 !n 7= y "k :at ,i came to ann\nce to y71 f>ewell1 & endeavor to be> :at is inevitable z easily z possible4 ,& at ! same "t1 bur/+ into te>s1 he turn$ away & )drew4 #aea4 ,& ,socrates1 look+ aft] him1 said1 ,& ?\1 too1 f>ewell4 ,we w d z y direct4 ,at ! same "t turn+ to u1 he said1 ,h[ c\rte\s ! man is6 ,dur+ ! :ole "t ,i h be5 "h he has visit$ me1 & conv]s$ ) me sometimes1 & prov$ ! wor?ie/ ( m52 & n[ h[ g5]\sly he weeps = me6 ,b come1 ,crito1 let u obey him1 & let "s "o br+ ! poison1 if x is ready p\nd$2 b if n1 let ! man p\nd x4 ,!n ,crito said1 ,b ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 t ! sun is /ill on ! m\nta9s1 & has n yet set4 ,besides1 ,i "k t o!rs h drunk ! poison v late1 aft] x _h be5 ann\nc$ to !m1 & h supp$ & drunk freely1 & "s ev5 h enjoy$ ! objects ( _! love4 ,d n ha/51 !n1 = !re is yet "t4 ,^u ?is ,socrates repli$1 ,^! m5 :om y m5tion1 ,crito1 d ^! ?+s ) good reason1 = !y ?9k !y %all ga9 by s do+2 & ,i1 too1 ) good reason1 %all n d s2 = ,i ?9k ,i %all ga9 no?+ by dr9k+ a little lat]1 except to become ridicul\s to myself1 9 be+ s fond ( life1 & sp>+ ( x1 :5 none any long] rema9s4 ,g !n1 he said1 obey1 & d n resi/4 #aeb4 ,crito1 hav+ he>d ?is1 nodd$ to ! boy t /ood ne>4 ,& ! boy1 hav+ gone out & /aid = "s "t1 came1 br++ ) him ! man t 0 to adm9i/] ! poison1 :o br\ght x ready p\nd$ 9 a cup4 ,& ,socrates1 on see+ ! man1 said1 ,well1 my good fri5d1 z y are skill$ 9 ^! matt]s1 :at mu/ ,i d8 ,no?+ else1 he repli$1 ?an1 :5 y h drunk x1 walk ab\t until !re is a heav9ess 9 y\r legs2 !n lie d[n3 ?us x w d its purpose4 ,& at ! same "t he held out ! cup to ,socrates4 ,& he hav+ receiv$ x v *e]fully1 ,e*ecrates nei!r trembl+1 nor *ang+ at all 9 color or c\nt5ance1 b1 z he 0 wont1 look+ /eadfa/ly at ! man1 said1 ,:at say y ( ?is potion1 ) respect to mak+ a libation to any "o1 is x lawful or n8 ,we only p\nd s mu*1 ,socrates1 he said1 z we ?9k suffici5t to dr9k4 #aec4 ,i und]/& y1 he said2 b x is c]ta9ly bo? lawful & "r to pray to ! gods1 t my dep>ture h5ce ?i!r may be happy2 :i*1 !re=e1 ,i pray1 & s may x be4 ,& z he said ?is1 he drank x (f readily & calmly4 ,?us f>1 mo/ ( u 7 ) difficulty able to re/ra9 ourselves f weep+2 b :5 we saw him dr9k+1 & hav+ f9i%$ ! draught1 we c\ld d s no long]2 b1 9 spite ( myself1 ! te>s came 9 full torr5t1 s t1 cov]+ my face1 ,i wept = myself2 = ,i did n weep = him1 b = my own =tune1 9 be+ depriv$ ( su* a fri5d4 ,b ,crito1 ev5 be=e me1 :5 he c\ld n re/ra9 8 te>s1 _h ris5 up4 #aed4 ,b ,apollodorus1 ev5 be=e ?is1 _h n ceas$ weep+2 & !n1 bur/+ into an agony ( grief1 weep+ & lam5t+1 he pi]c$ ! he>t ( e "o pres5t1 except ,socrates himself4 ,b he said1 ,:at are y do+1 my admirable fri5ds8 ,i1 inde$1 = ?is reason *iefly1 s5t away ! wom51 t !y might n commit any folly ( ?is k9d4 ,= ,i h he>d t x is "r to die ) good om5s4 ,be quiet1 !re=e1 & be> up4 ,:5 we he>d ?is1 we 7 a%am$1 & re/ra9$ our te>s4 ,b he1 hav+ walk$ ab\t1 :5 he said t 8 legs 7 gr[+ heavy1 lay d[n on 8 back2 = ! man _h s direct$ him4 ,&1 at ! same "t1 he :o gave ! poison tak+ hold ( him1 aft] a %ort int]val1 exam9$ 8 feet & legs2 & !n1 hav+ press$ 8 foot h>d1 he ask$ if he felt x3 he said t he did n4 ,& aft] ?is he press$ 8 ?ighs2 &1 ?us go+ high]1 he %[$ u t he 0 gr[+ cold & /iff4 ,!n ,socrates t\*$ himself1 & said t :5 ! poison rea*$ 8 he>t he %\ld !n dep>t4 #aee4 ,b n[ ! p>ts ar\nd ! l[] belly 7 almo/ cold2 :51 uncov]+ himself1 = he _h be5 cov]$ ov]1 he said 7& !y 7 8 la/ words71 ,crito1 we owe a cock to ,aesculapius2 pay x1 !re=e2 & d n neglect x4 ,x %all be done1 said ,crito2 b consid] :e!r y h any ?+ else to say4 ,to ?is "q he gave no reply2 b1 %ortly aft]1 he gave a convulsive movem5t1 & ! man cov]$ him1 & 8 eyes 7 fix$2 & ,crito1 p]ceiv+ x1 clos$ 8 m\? & eyes4 ,?is1 ,e*ecrates1 0 ! end ( our fri5d1--a man1 z we may say1 ! be/ ( all ( 8 "t t we h kn[n1 &1 moreov]1 ! mo/ wise & j4 ,,footnotes #be ,phlius1 to :i* ,e*ecrates belong$1 0 a t[n ( ,sicyonia1 9 ,peloponnesus4 #bf ,a ,py?agorean ( ,crotona4 #bg ,namely1 t x is bett] to die ?an to live4 #bh ,hitto1 ,boetian = hioto4 #bi ,( ,py?agoras4 #cj ,"s boyi% _s4 #ca ,t is1 at a "t ( life :5 ! body is 9 full vigor4 #cb ,9 ! orig9al !re is a play on ! words ,haides & haeides1 :i* ,i c only attempt to reta9 by dep>t+ f ! usual r5d]+ ( ! =m] ^w4 #cc ,by ?is ,i und]/& him to mean t ! s\l alone c p]ceive ! tru?1 b ! s5ses1 z !y are diff]5t1 receive & convey diff]5t impressions ( ! same ?+2 ?us1 ! eye receives "o impression ( an object1 ! e> a totally diff]5t "o4 #cd kai ahy?is et]os kai et]os1 t is1 ) "o argum5t aft] ano!r ,?\gh ,c\s9 translates x et successivem5t t\t diff]5t de luimeme & ,a/1 et rursus alia atque alia1 :i* may be tak5 9 ei!r s5se1 yet x appe>s to me to mean t1 :5 a man repeat$ly discov]s ! fallacy ( argum5ts :i* he be=e believ$ to be true1 he di/ru/s reason+ altoge!r1 j z "o :o meets ) fri5d aft] fri5d :o proves unfai?ful becomes a misan?rope4 #ce ,lib4 xx1 v4 #g4 #cf ,h>mony 0 ! wife ( ,cadmus1 ! f\nd] ( ,!bes2 ,socrates1 !re=e1 comp>es 8 two ,!ban fri5ds1 ,simmias & ,cebes1 ) !m1 & says t1 hav+ ov]come ,simmias1 ! advocate ( ,h>mony1 he mu/ n[ deal ) ,cebes1 :o is repres5t$ by ,cadmus4 #cg e9ai ti1 lit]ally1 is some?+4 #ch ,t is1 to s+le4 #ci ,sec4 #aac4 #dj ,x is difficult to express ! di/9ction betwe5 osia & nomima4 ,! =m] ^w seems to h ref]5ce to ! s\ls ( ! dead2 ! latt]1 to _! bodies4 #da ,its place ( int]m5t4 #db ,a prov]b mean+ a matt] ( great difficulty4 #dc ,iliad1 lib4 viii41 v4 #ad4 #dd ,a metallic sub/ance ( a deep-blue color1 frequ5tly m5tion$ by ! e>lie/ ,grecian writ]s1 b ( :i* ! nature is unkn[n4