,,international ,,weekly ,,miscellany   
,of ,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,vol4 ,i4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,august #ab1   
#ahej4 ,no4 #g4           99       99   
99       99       99          ,,women   
,,and ,,literature ,,in ,,france4       
,from a sprightly letter from ,paris to 
the ,cologne ,gazette1 we  translate for
 ,the ,international the following      
account of the  position of women in the
 ,french ,republic1 together with the   
accompanying gossip concerning sundry   
ladies whose names have long  been quite
 prominently before the public3    ,it  
is curious that the idea of the         
emancipation of women should have       
originated in ,france1 for there is no  
country in ,europe where the  sex have  
so little reason to complain of their   
position as in this1  especially at     
,paris4 ,leaving out of view a certain  
paragraph of the  ,code ,civile--and    
that is nothing but a sentence in a     
law-book--and  looking closely into the 

features of women's life1 we see that   
they  are not only queens who reign1 but
 also ministers who govern4    ,in      
,france women are engaged in a large    
proportion of civil  employments1 and   
may without hesitation devote themselves
 to art and  science4 ,it is indeed     
astonishing to behold the interest with 
which  the beautiful sex here enter upon
 all branches of art and knowledge4     
,the ateliers of the painters number    
quite as many female as male  students1 
and there are apparently more women than
 men who copy the  pictures in the      
,louvre4 ,nothing is more pleasing than 
to see these  gentle creatures1 with    
their easels1 sitting before a colossal 
,rubens  or a ,madonna of ,raphael4 ,no 
difficulty alarms them1 and prudery is  
not  allowed to give a voice in their   
choice of subjects4    ,i have never yet
 attended a lecture1 by either of the   
professors  here1 but ,i have found some
 seats occupied by ladies4 ,even the    
lectures of ,michel ,chevalier and      

,blanqui do not keep back the  eagerness
 of the charming ,parisians in pursuit  
of science4 ,that  ,michelet and ,edgar 
,quinet have numerous female disciples  
is  accordingly not difficult to        
believe4    ,go to a public session of  
the ,academy1 and you find the 'cercle' 
filled almost exclusively by ladies1 and
 these laurel-crowned heads  have the   
delight of seeing their immortal works  
applauded by the  clapping of tenderest 
hands4 ,in truth1 the ,french savan is  
uncommonly  clear in the most abstract  
things2 but it would be an interesting  
question1 whether the necessity of being
 not alone easily intelligible  but     
agreeable to the capacity of            
comprehension possessed by the          
unschooled mind of woman1 has not       
largely contributed to the facility  and
 charm which is peculiar to ,french     
scientific literature4 ,read  for       
example the discourse on ,cabanis1      
pronounced by ,mignet at the  last      
session4 ,it would be impossible to     

write more charmingly1 more  elegantly1 
more attractively1 even upon a subject  
within the range  of the fine arts4 ,the
 works1 and especially the historical   
works1 of  the ,french1 are universally 
diffused4 ,popular histories1 so-called 
editions for the people1 are here       
entirely unknown2 everything that  is   
published is in a popular edition1 and  
if as great and various care  were taken
 for the education of the people as in  
,germany1 ,france would  in this respect
 be the first country in the world4     
,with the increasing influence of       
monarchical ideas in certain  circles1  
the women seem to be returning to the   
traditions of monarchy1  and are        
throwing themselves into the business of
 making memoirs4  ,hardly have ,george  
,sand's ,confessions been announced1 and
 already new  enterprises in the same   
line are set on foot4 ,the ,european    
dancer1  who is perhaps more famous for 
making others dance to her music1  and  
who has enjoyed a monopoly of cultivated

 scandal1 ,lola ,montes1  also intends  
to publish her memoirs4 ,they will of   
course contain  an interesting fragment 
of ,german federal politics1 and form a 
contribution to ,german revolutionary   
literature4 ,lola herself is still  too 
beautiful to devote her own time to the 
writing4 ,accordingly1 she  has resorted
 to the pen of ,m4 ,balzac4 ,if ,madame 
,balzac has nothing to  say against the 
necessary intimacy with the dangerous   
,spanish or ,irish  or whatever         
woman--for ,lola ,montes is a second    
,homer--the reading  world may          
anticipate an interesting1 chapter of   
life4 ,no writer is  better fitted for  
such a work than so profound a man of   
the world1 and  so keen a painter of    
character1 as ,balzac4    ,the          
well-known actress1 ,mlle4 ,georges1 who
 was in her prime during  the most      
remarkable epoch of the century1 and was
 in relations  with the most prominent  
persons of the ,empire1 is also         
preparing a  narrative of her richly    

varied experiences4 ,perhaps these      
attractive  examples may induce ,madame 
,girardin also to bestow her memoirs    
upon  us1 and so the process can be     
repeated infinitely4           99       
99       99       99       99           
,,authors ,,and ,,books4           99   
99       99       99       99    ,parke 
,godwin has just given to the public1   
through ,mr4 ,putnam1 a new  edition of 
the translation made by himself and some
 literary friends1  of ,goethe's        
,autobiography1 or ,truth and ,poetry   
from ,my ,life4 ,in his  new preface    
,mr4 ,godwin exposes one of the most    
scandalous pieces of  literary          
imposition that we have ever read of4   
,this translation1 with  a few verbal   
alterations which mar its beauty and    
lessen its fidelity1  has been reprinted
 in ,bohn's ,standard ,library1 in      
,london1 as an  original ,english       
version1 in the making of which the     
,american was of  occasional use1 c4    
,mr4 ,godwin is one of our best ,german 

scholars1  and his discourse last winter
 on the character and genius of ,goethe1
  illustrated his thorough appreciation 
of the ,shakspeare of the  ,continent1  
and that affectionate sympathy which is 
so necessary to  the task of turning an 
author from one language into another4  
,there  are very few books in modern    
literature more attractive or more      
instructive to educated men than this   
,autobiography of ,goethe1 for  which we
 are indebted to him4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,john  
,randolph is the best subject for a     
biography1 that our political           
experience has yet furnished4 ,who that 
remembers the long and slender  man of  
iron1 with his scarcely human scorn of  
nearly all things  beyond his old       
,dominion1 and his withering wit1 never 
restrained  by any pity1 and his passion
 for destroying all fabrics of policy or
  reputation of which he was not himself
 the architect1 but will read  with     
anticipations of keen interest the      

announcement of a life of  the eccentric
 yet great ,virginian6 ,such a work1 by 
the ,hon4 ,hugh  ,a4 ,garland1 is in the
 press of the ,appletons4 ,we know      
little of ,mr4  ,garland's capacities in
 this way1 but if his book prove not the
 most  attractive in the historical     
literature of the year1 the fault will  
not be in its subject4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,the   
,scottish ,booksellers have instituted a
 society for professional  objects under
 the title of the ,edinburgh            
,booksellers' ,union4 ,in  addition to  
business purposes1 they propose to      
collect and preserve  books and         
pamphlets written by or relating to     
booksellers1 printers1  engravers1 or   
members of collateral professions1--rare
 editions of  other works--and generally
 articles connected with parties        
belonging  to the above professions1    
whether literary1 professional1 or      
personal4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,d',israeli       

abandons himself now-a-days entirely to 
politics4 ,the  forehead high1 and      
gleaming eye1 and lip awry1 of ,benjamin
 ,d',israeli1  sung once by ,fraser are 
no longer seen before the title-pages of
  ,wondrous ,tales1 but only before the 
,speaker4 ,it is much referred to1  that
 in the recent parliamentary            
commemoration of ,sir ,robert ,peel1    
the ,hebrew commoner kept silence2 his  
long war of bitter sarcasm and  reproach
 on the defunct statesman was too       
freshly remembered4 ,peel  rarely       
exerted himself to more advantage than  
in his replies1 to  ,d',israeli1 all    
noticeable for subdued disdain1         
conscious patriotism1  and argumentative
 completeness4 ,for injustice           
experienced through  life1 the          
meritorious dead are in a measure       
revenged by the  feelings of their      
accusers or detractors1 when the latter 
retain the  sensibility which the grave 
usually excites1 and especially amid    
such  a chorus of applause from all     

parties1 and a whole people1 as we have 
now in ,england for ,sir ,robert        
,peel--the only man in the ,empire1     
except  ,wellington1 who had a strictly 
personal authority4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,dr4   
,dickson1 recently of the ,medical      
,department of the ,new ,york           
,university1 and whose ill-health       
induced the resignation of the chair  he
 held there1 has returned to            
,charleston1 and we observe that his    
professional and other friends in that  
city greeted him with a public  dinner1 
on the #ith ult4 ,dr4 ,dickson we       
believe is one of the most  classically 
elegant writers upon medical science in 
the ,united ,states4  ,he ranks with    
,chapman and ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes in
 the grace of  his periods as well as in
 the thoroughness of his learning and   
the  exactness and acuteness of his     
logic4 ,like ,holmes1 too1 he is a poet1
  and1 generally1 a very accomplished   
litterateur4 ,we regret the loss  that  

,new ,york sustains in his removal1 but 
congratulate ,charleston  upon the      
recovery of one of the best known and   
most loved attractions  of her society4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,bartlett's boundary     
commission will soon be upon the  field 
of its activity4 ,we were pleased to see
 that ,mr4 ,davis1 of  ,massachusetts1 a
 few days ago presented in the ,senate  
petitions  from ,edward ,everett1 ,jared
 ,sparks1 and others1 and from the      
,american  ,academy of ,arts and        
,sciences1 at ,boston1 to the effect    
that it would  be of great public       
utility to attach to the boundary       
commission to  run the line between the 
,united ,states and ,mexico1 a small    
corps of  persons well qualified to make
 researches in the various departments  
of science4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,william ,c4    
,richards1 the very clever and          
accomplished editor of the  ,southern   
,literary ,gazette was the author of    

,two ,country ,sonnets1  contributed to 
a recent number of ,the ,international1 
which we  inadvertently credited to his 
brother1 ,t4 ,addison ,richards the     
well-known and much esteemed landscape  
painter4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,,major ,,poussin1 so    
well-known for his long residence in    
this country  as an officer of          
engineers1 and1 more recently1 as       
,minister of the  ,french               
republic1--which1 intelligent men have  
no need to be assured1  he represented  
with uniform wisdom and manliness1--is  
now engaged  at ,paris upon a new       
edition of his important book1 ,the     
,power and  ,prospects of the ,united   
,states4 ,we perceive that he has lately
  published in the ,republican journal  
,le ,credit1 a translation of the       
,american instructions to ,mr4 ,mann1   
respecting ,hungary4 ,in his preface  to
 this document1 ,major ,poussin pays the
 warmest compliments to the  feelings1  
measures and policy of our              

administration1 with which he           
contrasts1 at the same time1 those of   
the ,french ,government4 ,he  hopes a   
great deal for the ,democratic cause in 
,europe from the moral  influences of   
the ,united ,states4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,,dr4  
,,john ,w4 ,,francis1 one of the most   
excellent men1 as well as one of  the   
best physicians of ,new ,york1 has      
received from ,trinity ,college1        
,hartford1 the degree of ,doctor of     
,laws4 ,we praise the authorities of    
,trinity for this judicious bestowal of 
its honors4 ,francis's career  of       
professional usefulness and variously   
successful intellectual  activity1 are  
deserving such academical recognition4  
,his genial love  of learning1 large    
intelligence1 ready appreciation of     
individual  merit1 and that genuine love
 of country which has led him to the    
carefullest and most comprehensive study
 of our general and particular  annals1 
and to the frequentest displays of the  

sources of its enduring  grandeur1      
constitute in him a character eminently 
entitled to our  affectionate           
admiration4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,,the ,,poems   
,,of ,,gray1 in an edition of singular  
typographical and  pictorial beauty1 are
 to be issued as one of the autumn      
gift-books  by ,henry ,c4 ,baird1 of    
,philadelphia4 ,they are to be edited by
 the  tasteful and judicious critic1    
,professor ,henry ,reed1 of the         
,university  of ,pennsylvania1 to whom  
we were indebted for the best edition of
  ,wordsworth that appeared during the  
life of that poet4 ,we have looked  over
 ,professor ,reed's life of ,gray1 and  
have seen proofs of the  admirable      
engravings with which the work will be  
embellished4 ,it will  be dedicated to  
our ,american ,moxon1 ,,james ,t4       
,,fields1 as a souvenir4  we presume1 of
 a visit to the grave of the bard1 which
 the two young  booksellers made        
together during a recent tour in        

,europe4 ,mr4 ,baird  and ,mr4 ,fields  
are of the small company of publishers1 
who1 if it  please them1 can write their
 own books4 ,they have both given       
pleasant  evidence of abilities in this 
way4           99       99       99     
99       99    ,,burns4--,it appears    
from the ,scotch papers that the house  
in  ,burns-street1 ,dumfries1 in which  
the bard of ,tam o',shanter and his     
wife bonnie ,jean1 lived and died1 is   
about to come into the market  by way of
 public auction4           99       99  
99       99       99    ,,europe1 ,,past
 ,,and ,,present3 ,a comprehensive      
manual of ,european  ,geography and     
,history1 derived from official and     
authentic sources1  and comprising not  
only an accurate geographical and       
statistical  description1 but also a    
faithful and interesting history of all 
,european ,states2 to which is appended 
a copious and carefully arranged  index1
 by ,francis ,h4 ,ungewitter1           
,,ll4,d41--is a volume of some six      

hundred pages1 just published by ,mr4   
,putnam4 ,it has been prepared  with    
much well-directed labor1 and will be   
found a valuable and  comprehensive     
manual of reference upon all questions  
relating to the  history1 geographical  
position1 and general statistics of the 
several  ,states of ,europe4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,m4 ,,libri1 of whose conviction at     
,paris 7par contumace1 that is1  in     
default of appearance71 of stealing     
books from public libraries1  we have   
given some account in ,the              
,international1 is warmly and it        
appears to us successfully defended in  
the ,athenum1 in which it is  alleged   
that there was not a particle of legal  
evidence against him4  ,m4 ,libri is1   
and was at the time of the appearance of
 the accusation  against him1 a         
political exile in ,england4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,,major ,,rawlinson1 ,f4,r4,s41 has     
published a ,commentary on the          

,cuneiform  ,inscriptions of ,babylon   
and ,assyria1 including readings of the 
inscriptions on the ,nimroud ,obelisk1  
discovered by ,mr4 ,layard1 and a  brief
 notice of the ancient kings of ,nineveh
 and ,babylon4 ,it was read  before the 
,royal ,asiatic ,society4           99  
99       99       99       99    ,,rev4 
,,dr4 ,,wiseman1 author of the admirable
 work on the ,connection  between       
,science and ,religion1 is to proceed to
 ,rome toward the close  of the present 
month to receive the hat of a cardinal4 
,it is many  years since any ,english   
,roman ,catholic1 resident in ,england1 
attained  this honor4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,,the  
,,ohio ,,historical ,,society has       
published several interesting volumes1  
of which the most important are those of
 ,judge ,burnett4 ,an address1 by       
,william ,d4 ,gallagher1 its ,president1
 on the ,history and ,resources of  the 
,west and ,northwest1 has just been     
issued3 and it has nearly ready  for    

publication a volume of ,mr4 ,hildreth4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,imperial ,,library ,,at ,,vienna
 has been enriched by a very old ,greek 
manuscript on the ,advent of ,christ1   
composed by a bishop of the second      
century1 named ,clement4 ,this          
manuscript was discovered a short time  
since by ,m4 ,waldeck1 the philologist1 
at ,constantinople4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,,mr4  
,,keightley's ,history of ,greece has   
been translated into modern  ,greek and 
published at ,athens4           99      
99       99       99       99           
,,guizot's book on ,democracy1 has been 
prohibited in ,austria1 through         
,general ,haynau's influence4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,,wordsworth',s ,,posthumous ,,poem1    
,the ,prelude1 is in the press of the   
,appletons1 by whose courtesy we are    
enabled to present the readers  of ,the 
,international with the fourth canto of 
it1 before its  publication in ,england4

 ,the poem is a sort of autobiography in
 blank  verse1 marked by all the        
characteristics of the poet--his        
original  vein of thought2 his majestic1
 but sometimes diffuse1 style of        
speculation2 his large sympathies with  
humanity1 from its proudest  to its     
humblest forms4 ,it will be read with   
great avidity by his  admirers--and     
there are few at this day who do not    
belong to that  class--as affording them
 a deeper insight into the mind of      
,wordsworth  than any of his other      
works4 ,it is divided into several      
books1 named  from the different        
situations or stages of the author's    
life1 or the  subjects which at any     
period particularly engaged his         
attention4 ,we  believe it will be more 
generally read than any poem of equal   
length  that has issued from the press  
in this age4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,miss ,,cooper's
 ,,rural ,,hours#a is everywhere        
commended as one of  the most charming  

pictures that have ever appeared of     
country life4  ,the books of the        
,howitts1 delineating the same class of 
subjects  in ,england and ,germany1 are 
not to be compared to ,miss ,cooper's   
for  delicate painting or grace and     
correctness of diction4 ,the ,evening   
,post observes3        ,this is one of  
the most delightful books we have lately
      taken up4 ,it is a journal of     
daily observations made by an           
intelligent and highly educated lady1   
residing in a most      beautiful part  
of the country1 commencing with the     
spring of      #ahdh1 and closing with  
the end of the winter of #ahdi4 ,they   
almost wholly concern the occupations   
and objects of country      life1 and it
 is almost enough to make one in love   
with such a      life to read its       
history so charmingly narrated4 ,every  
day has      its little record in this  
volume1--the record of some rural       
employment1 some note on the climate1   
some observation      in natural        

history1 or occasionally some trait of  
rural      manners4 ,the arrival and    
departure of the birds of passage       
is chronicled1 the different stages of  
vegetation are noted1      atmospheric  
changes and phenomena are described1 and
 the      various living inhabitants of 
the field and forest are made      to   
furnish matter of entertainment for the 
reader4 ,all this      is done with     
great variety and exactness of          
knowledge1 and      without any parade  
of science4 ,descriptions of rural      
holidays      and rural amusements are  
thrown in occasionally1 to give a       
living interest to a picture which would
 otherwise become      monotonous from  
its uniform quiet4 ,the work is written 
in      easy and flexible ,english1 with
 occasional felicities of               
expression4 ,it is ascribed1 as we      
believe we have informed our            
readers1 to a daughter of ,j4 ,fenimore 
,cooper4 ,our country is      full of   
most interesting materials for a work of

 this sort2      but we confess we      
hardly expected1 at the present time1 to
 see      them collected and arranged by
 so skillful a hand4    ,footnote #a3   
,,rural ,,hours3 by a ,lady1 ,george ,p4
 ,putnam1 #aee ,broadway4  #ahej4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,rev4 ,,sydney ,,smith's         
,sketches of ,modern ,philosophy1       
remarks the  ,tribune1 consist of a     
course of popular lectures on the       
subject1  delivered in the ,royal       
,institution of ,london in the years    
#ahjd-e-f4  ,as a contribution to the   
science of which they profess to treat1 
their  claims to respect are very       
moderate4 ,indeed1 no one would ridicule
 any  pretensions of that kind with more
 zeal than the author himself4 ,the     
manuscripts were left in an imperfect   
state1 ,sydney ,smith probably          
supposing that no call would ever be    
made for their publication4  ,they were 
written merely for popular effect1 to be
 spoken before  a miscellaneous         

audience1 in which any abstract topics  
of moral  philosophy would be the last  
to awaken an interest4 ,the title of    
the book is accordingly a misnomer4 ,it 
would lead no one to suspect  the rich  
and diversified character of its        
contents4 ,they present no  ambitious   
attempts at metaphysical disquisition4  
,they are free from  dry technicalities 
of ethical speculation4 ,they have no   
specimens of  logical hair-splitting1 no
 pedantic array of barren definitions1  
no  subtle distinctions proceeding from 
an ingenious fancy1 and without  any    
foundation in nature4 ,on the contrary1 
we find in this volume a  series of     
lively1 off-hand1 dashing comments on   
men and manners1 often  running into    
broad humor1 and always marked with the 
pungent common  sense that never forsook
 the facetious divine4 ,his remarks on  
the  conduct of the understanding1 on   
literary habits1 on the use and value   
of books1 and other themes of a similar 
character1 are for the most  part       

instructive and practical as well as    
piquant1 and on the whole1  the admirers
 of ,sydney ,smith will have no reason  
to regret the  publication of the       
volume4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,from ,,the ,,london    
,,times4    ,,biography ,,of ,,sir      
,,robert ,,peel4    ,in the following   
brief narrative of the principal facts  
in the life of  the great statesman who 
has just been snatched from among us1 we
 must  disclaim all intention of dealing
 with his biography in any searching  or
 ambitious spirit4 ,the national loss is
 so great1 the bereavement  is so       
sudden1 that we cannot sit down calmly  
either to eulogize or  arraign the      
memory of the deceased4 ,we cannot      
forget that it was not  a week ago we   
were occupied in recording and          
commenting upon his last  eloquent      
address to that assembly which had so   
often listened with  breathless         
attention to his statesmanlike          
expositions of policy4 ,we  could do    

little else when the mournful           
intelligence reached us that  ,sir      
,robert ,peel was no more1 than pen a   
few expressions of sorrow  and respect4 
,even now the following imperfect record
 of facts must  be accepted as a poor   
substitute for the biography of that    
great  ,englishman whose loss will be   
felt almost as a private bereavement by 
every family throughout the ,british    
,empire3--    ,sir ,robert ,peel was in 
the #fc;d year of his age1 having been  
born near  ,bury1 in ,lancashire1 on the
 #eth of ,february1 #aghh4 ,his father  
was a  manufacturer on a grand scale1   
and a man of much natural ability1 and  
of almost unequaled opulence4 ,full of a
 desire to render his son and  probable 
successor worthy of the influence and   
the vast wealth which  he had to bestow1
 the first ,sir ,robert ,peel took the  
utmost pains  personally with the early 
training of the future prime minister4  
,he  retained his son under his own     
immediate superintendence until he      

arrived at a sufficient age to be sent  
to ,harrow4 ,lord ,byron1 his           
contemporary at ,harrow1 was a better   
declaimer and a more amusing  actor1 but
 in sound learning and laborious        
application to school  duties young     
,peel had no equal4 ,he had scarcely    
completed his #afth  year when he left  
,harrow and became a gentleman commoner 
of ,christ  ,church1 ,oxford1 where he  
took the degree of ,a4,b41 in #ahjh1    
with  unprecedented distinction4    ,the
 year #ahji saw him attain his majority1
 and take his seat in the  ,house of    
,commons as a member for ,cashel1 in    
,tipperary4    ,the first ,sir ,robert  
,peel had long been a member of the     
,house of  ,commons1 and the early      
efforts of his son in that assembly were
  regarded with considerable interest1  
not only on account of his  ,university 
reputation1 but also because he was the 
son of such a  father4 ,he did not1     
however1 begin public life by staking   
his fame on  the results of one         

elaborate oration2 on the contrary1 he  
rose now and  then on comparatively     
unimportant occasions2 made a few brief 
modest  remarks1 stated a fact or two1  
explained a difficulty when he happened 
to understand the matter in hand better 
than others1 and then sat down  without 
taxing too severely the patience or good
 nature of an auditory  accustomed to   
great performances4 ,still in the second
 year of his  parliamentary course he   
ventured to make a set speech1 when1 at 
the  commencement of the session of     
#ahaj1 he seconded the address in  reply
 to the ,king's speech4 ,thenceforward  
for nineteen years a more  highflying   
,tory than ,mr4 ,peel was not to be     
found within the walls of  parliament4  
,lord ,eldon applauded him as a young   
and valiant champion  of those abuses in
 the state which were then fondly called
 the  institutions of the country4 ,lord
 ,sidmouth regarded him as the  rightful
 political heir1 and even the ,duke of  
,cumberland patronized  ,mr4 ,peel4 ,he 

further became the favorite eleve of    
,mr4 ,perceval1 the  first lord of the  
treasury1 and entered office as         
under-secretary  for the home           
department4 ,he continued in the home   
department for two  years1 not often    
speaking in parliament1 but rather      
qualifying himself  for those prodigious
 labors in debate1 in council1 and in   
office1  which it has since been his lot
 to encounter and perform4    ,in ,may1 
#ahab1 ,mr4 ,perceval fell by the hand  
of an assassin1 and the  composition of 
the ministry necessarily underwent a    
great change4 ,the  result1 so far as   
,mr4 ,peel was concerned1 was1 that he  
was appointed  ,chief ,secretary to the 
,lord-,lieutenant of ,ireland4 ,mr4     
,peel had only  reached his #bfth year  
when1 in the month of ,september1 #ahab1
 the  duties of that anxious and        
laborious position were entrusted to his
  hands4 ,the legislative union was then
 but lately consummated1 and the  demand
 for ,catholic emancipation had given   

rise to an agitation of  only very      
recent date4 ,but1 in proportion to its 
novelty1 so was its  vigor4 ,mr4 ,peel  
was1 therefore1 as the representative of
 the old tory  ,protestant school1      
called upon to encounter a storm of     
unpopularity1  such as not even an      
,irish secretary has ever been exposed  
to4 ,the  late ,mr4 ,o',connell in      
various forms poured upon ,mr4 ,peel a  
torrent  of invective which went beyond 
even his extraordinary performances  in 
the science of scolding4 ,at length he  
received from ,mr4 ,peel a  hostile     
message4 ,negotiations went on for three
 or four days1 when  ,mr4 ,o',connell   
was taken into custody and bound over to
 keep the peace  toward all his         
fellow-subjects in ,ireland4 ,mr4 ,peel 
and his friend  immediately went to     
,england1 and subsequently proceeded to 
the  continent4 ,mr4 ,o',connell        
followed them to ,london1 but the police
 were  active enough to bring him before
 the chief justice1 when he entered     

into recognizances to keep the peace    
toward all his majesty's  subjects2 and 
so ended one of the few personal        
squabbles in which ,mr4  ,peel had ever 
been engaged4 ,for six years he held the
 office of chief  secretary to the      
lord-lieutenant1 at a time when the     
government was  conducted upon what     
might be called anti-conciliation       
principles4  ,the opposite course was   
commenced by ,mr4 ,peel's immediate     
successor1  ,mr4 ,charles ,grant1 now   
,lord ,glenelg4    ,that a chief        
secretary so circumstanced1 struggling  
to sustain extreme  ,orangeism in its   
dying agonies1 should have been called  
upon to  encounter great toil and       
anxiety is a truth too obvious to need  
illustration4 ,that in these straits    
,mr4 ,peel acquitted himself with       
infinite address was as readily         
acknowledged at that time as it has     
ever been even in the zenith of his     
fame4 ,he held office in that  country  
under three successive viceroys1 the    

,duke of ,richmond1 ,earl  ,whitworth1  
and ,earl ,talbot1 all of whom have long
 since passed away  from this life1     
their names and their deeds long        
forgotten4 ,but the  history of their   
chief secretary happens not to have been
 composed  of such perishable materials1
 and we now approach one of the most    
memorable passages of his eventful      
career4 ,he was chairman of the  great  
bullion committee2 but before he engaged
 in that stupendous task  he had        
resigned the chief secretaryship of     
,ireland4 ,as a consequence  of the     
report of that committee1 he took charge
 of and introduced the  bill for        
authorizing a return to cash payments   
which bears his name1  and which measure
 received the sanction of parliament in 
the year  #ahai4 ,that measure brought  
upon ,mr4 ,peel no slight or temporary  
odium4  ,the first ,sir ,robert ,peel   
was then alive1 and altogether differed 
from  his son as to the tendency of his 
measure4 ,it was roundly asserted at    

the time1 and very faintly denied1 that 
it rendered that gentleman a  more      
wealthy man1 by something like half a   
million sterling1 than he  had          
previously been4 ,the deceased          
statesman1 however1 must1 in common     
justice1 be acquitted of any sinister   
purpose4    ,this narrative now reaches 
the year #ahbj1 when we have to relate  
the  only domestic event in the history 
of ,sir ,robert ,peel which requires    
notice4 ,on the #hth of ,june1 being    
then in the #cc;d year of his age1  he  
married ,julia1 daughter of ,general    
,sir ,john ,floyd1 who had then         
attained the age of #be4    ,two years  
afterward there was a lull in public    
affairs1 which gave  somewhat the       
appearance of tranquillity4 ,lord       
,sidmouth was growing  old1 he thought  
that his system was successful1 and that
 at length he  might find repose4 ,he   
considered it then consistent with his  
public  duty to consign to younger and  
stronger hands the seals of the home    

department4 ,he accepted a seat in the  
cabinet without office1 and  continued  
to give his support to ,lord ,liverpool1
 his ancient political  chief4 ,in      
permitting his mantle to fall upon ,mr4 
,peel1 he thought he  was assisting to  
invest with authority one whose views   
and policy were  as narrow as his own1  
and whose practise in carrying them out 
would  be not less rigid and            
uncompromising4 ,but1 like many others1 
he lived  long enough to be grievously  
disappointed by the subsequent career of
  him whom the liberal party have since 
called the great minister of  progress1 
and whom their opponents have not       
scrupled to designate  by appellations  
not to be repeated in these hours of    
sorrow and  bereavement4 ,on the #agth  
of ,january1 #ahbb1 ,mr4 ,peel was      
installed at  the head of the home      
department1 where he remained           
undisturbed till  the political demise  
of ,lord ,liverpool in the spring of    
#ahbg4 ,the most  distinguished man that

 has filled the chair of the ,house of  
,commons  in the present century was    
,charles ,abbott1 afterward ,lord       
,colchester4  ,in the summer of #ahag he
 had completed sixteen years of hard    
service  in that eminent office1 and he 
had represented the ,university for     
eleven years4 ,his valuable labors      
having been rewarded with a pension  and
 a peerage1 he took his seat1 full of   
years and honors1 among  the hereditary 
legislators of the land1 and left a     
vacancy in the  representation of his   
alma mater1 which ,mr4 ,peel above all  
living  men was deemed the most fitting 
person to occupy4 ,at that time he was  
an intense tory--or as the ,irish called
 him1 an ,orange ,protestant  of the    
deepest dye--one prepared to make any   
sacrifice for the  maintenance of church
 and state as established by the        
revolution of  #afhh4 ,who1 therefore1  
so fit as he to represent the loyalty1  
learning1  and orthodoxy of ,oxford8 ,to
 have done so had been the object of    

,mr4  ,canning's young ambition3 but in 
#ahag he could not be so ungrateful to  
,liverpool as to reject its             
representation even for the early object
  of his parliamentary affections4 ,mr4 
,peel1 therefore1 was returned  without 
opposition1 for that constituency which 
many consider the most  important in the
 land--with which he remained on the    
best possible  terms for twelve years4  
,the question of the repeal of the penal
  laws affecting the ,roman ,catholics1 
which severed so many political         
connections1 was1 however1 destined to  
separate ,mr4 ,peel from ,oxford4  ,in  
#ahbh rumors of the coming change were  
rife1 and many expedients  were devised 
to extract his opinions on the ,catholic
 question4 ,but  with the reserve which 
ever marked his character1 left all     
curiosity  at fault4 ,at last1 the      
necessities of the government rendered  
further  concealment impossible1 and out
 came the truth that he was no longer   
an ,orangeman4 ,the ardent friends who  

had frequently supported  his ,oxford   
elections1 and the hot partisans who    
shouted ,peel and  ,protestantism1 at   
the ,brunswick ,clubs1 reviled him for  
his defection  in no measured terms4 ,on
 the #dth of ,february1 #ahbi1 he       
addressed a  letter to the              
vice-chancellor of ,oxford1 stating1 in 
many well-turned  phrases1 that the     
,catholic question must forthwith be    
adjusted1 under  advice in which he     
concurred2 and that1 therefore1 he      
considered  himself bound to resign that
 trust which the ,university had during 
so  many years confided to his hands4   
,his resignation was accepted2 but as   
the avowed purpose of that important    
step was to give his constituents  an   
opportunity of pronouncing an opinion   
upon a change of policy1  he merely     
accepted the ,chiltern ,hundreds with   
the intention of  immediately becoming a
 candidate for that seat in parliament  
which he  had just vacated4 ,at this    
election ,mr4 ,peel was opposed by ,sir 

,robert  ,inglis1 who was elected by    
#gee to #fji4 ,mr4 ,peel was1 therefore1
  obliged to cast himself on the favor  
of ,sir ,manasseh ,lopez1 who  returned 
him for ,westbury1 in ,wiltshire1 which 
constituency he  continued to represent 
two years1 until at the general election
 in  #ahcj he was chosen for ,tamworth1 
in the representation for which he      
continued for twenty years4    ,the main
 features of his official life still    
remain to be noticed4  ,with the        
exception of ,lord ,palmerston1 no      
statesman of modern times  has spent so 
many years in the civil service of the  
crown4 ,if no  account be taken of the  
short time he was engaged upon the      
bullion  committee in effecting the     
change in the currency1 and in opposing 
for  a few months the ministries of ,mr4
 ,canning and ,lord ,goderich1 it may   
be stated that from #ahaj to #ahcj he   
formed part of the government1 and      
presided over it as a first minister in 
#ahcd-e1 as well as from #ahda  to #ahdf

 inclusive4 ,during the time that he    
held the office of home  secretary under
 ,lord ,liverpool he effected many      
important changes  in the administration
 of domestic affairs1 and many          
legislative  improvements of a practical
 and comprehensive character4 ,but his  
fame  as member of parliament was       
principally sustained at this period of 
his life by the extensive and admirable 
alterations which he effected  in the   
criminal law4 ,romilly and ,mackintosh  
had preceded him in the  great work of  
reforming and humanizing the code of    
,england4 ,for his  hand1 however1 was  
reserved the introduction of            
ameliorations which  they had long      
toiled and struggled for in vain4 ,the  
ministry through  whose influence he was
 enabled to carry these reforms lost its
 chief  in ,lord ,liverpool during the  
early part of the year #ahbg4 ,when ,mr4
  ,canning undertook to form a          
government1 ,mr4 ,peel1 the late ,lord  
,eldon1  the ,duke of ,wellington1 and  

other eminent tories of that day1 threw 
up  office1 and are said to have        
persecuted ,mr4 ,canning with a degree  
of  rancor far outstripping the         
legitimate bounds of political          
hostility4  ,lord ,george ,bentinck said
 they hounded to the death my           
illustrious  relative2 and the ardor of 
his subsequent opposition to ,sir       
,robert  ,peel evidently derived its    
intensity from a long cherished sense of
  the injuries supposed to have been    
inflicted upon ,mr4 ,canning4 ,it  is   
the opinion of men not ill informed     
respecting the sentiments of  ,canning1 
that he considered ,peel as his true    
political successor--as a  statesman    
competent to the task of working out    
that large and liberal  policy which he 
fondly hoped the tories might1 however  
tardily1  be induced to sanction4 ,at   
all events1 he is believed not to have  
entertained toward ,mr4 ,peel any       
personal hostility1 and to have stated  
during his short-lived tenure of office 

that that gentleman was the  only member
 of his party who had not treated him   
with ingratitude and  unkindness4    ,in
 ,january1 #ahbh1 the ,wellington       
ministry took office and held it till   
,november1 #ahcj4 ,mr4 ,peel's          
reputation suffered during this period  
very rude shocks4 ,he gave up1 as       
already stated1 his anti-,catholic      
principles1 lost the force of twenty    
years' consistency1 and under           
unheard-of disadvantages introduced the 
very measure he had spent so  many years
 in opposing4 ,the debates on ,catholic 
emancipation1 which  preceded the great 
reform question1 constitute a period in 
his life1  which1 twenty years ago1     
every one would have considered its     
chief  and prominent feature4 ,there can
 be no doubt that the course he then    
adopted demanded greater moral courage  
than at any previous period  of his life
 he had been called upon to exercise4   
,he believed himself  incontestibly in  
the right2 he believed1 with the ,duke  

of ,wellington1  that the danger of     
civil war was imminent1 and that such an
 event  was immeasurably a greater evil 
than surrendering the constitution  of  
#afhh4 ,but he was called upon to snap  
asunder a parliamentary  connection of  
twelve years with a great university1 in
 which the most  interesting period of  
his youth had been passed2 to encounter 
the  reproaches of adherents whom he had
 often led in well-fought contests      
against the advocates of what was termed
 civil and religious  liberty2 to tell  
the world that the character of public  
men for  consistency1 however precious1 
is not to be directly opposed to  the   
common weal2 and to communicate to many 
the novel as well as  unpalatable truth 
that what they deemed principle must    
give way to  what he called expediency4 
,when he ceased to be a minister of the 
crown1 that general movement  throughout
 ,europe which succeeded the deposition 
of the elder branch  of the ,bourbons   
rendered parliamentary reform as        

unavoidable as two  years previously    
,catholic emancipation had been4 ,he    
opposed this  change1 no doubt with     
increased knowledge and matured talents1
 but  with impaired influence and few   
parliamentary followers4 ,the history   
of the reform debates will show that    
,sir ,robert ,peel made many  admirable 
speeches1 which served to raise his     
reputation1 but never  for a moment     
turned the tide of fortune against his  
adversaries1 and  in the first session  
of the first reformed parliament he     
found himself  at the head of a party   
that in numbers little exceeded one     
hundred4 ,as  soon as it was practicable
 he rallied his broken forces2 either he
 or  some of his political friends gave 
them the name of ,conservatives1  and it
 required but a short interval of       
reflection and observation  to prove to 
his sagacious intellect that the period 
of reaction was  at hand4 ,every engine 
of party organization was put into      
vigorous  activity1 and before the      

summer of #ahcd reached its close he was
 at  the head of a compact1 powerful1   
and well-disciplined opposition4 ,such  
a high impression of their vigor and    
efficiency had ,king ,william ,,iv      
received1 that when1 in ,november1 ,lord
 ,althorp became a peer1 and the  whigs 
therefore lost their leader to the      
,house of ,commons1 his ,majesty  sent  
in ,italy to summon ,sir ,robert ,peel  
to his councils1 with a view  to the    
immediate formation of a conservative   
ministry4 ,he accepted  this            
responsibility1 though he thought the   
,king had mistaken the  condition of the
 country and the chances of success     
which had awaited  his political        
friends4 ,a new ,house of ,commons was  
instantly called1  and for nearly three 
months ,sir ,robert ,peel maintained a  
struggle  against the most formidable   
opposition that for nearly a century any
  minister had been called to encounter4
 ,at no time did his command of  temper1
 his almost exhaustless resources of    

information1 his vigorous  and          
comprehensive intellect appear to create
 such astonishment or draw  forth such  
unbounded admiration as in the early    
part of #ahce4 ,but1  after a           
well-fought contest he retired once more
 into the opposition  till the close of 
the second ,melbourne ,administration in
 #ahda4 ,it  was in ,april1 #ahce1 that 
,lord ,melbourne was restored to power1 
but  the continued enjoyment of office  
did not much promote the political      
interests of his party1 and from various
 causes the power of the  whigs began to
 decline4 ,the commencement of a new    
reign gave them some  popularity1 but in
 the new ,house of ,commons1 elected in 
consequence  of that event1 the         
conservative party were evidently       
gaining strength2  still1 after the     
failure of #ahcd-e1 it was no easy task 
to dislodge an  existing ministry1 and  
at the same time to be prepared with a  
cabinet  and a party competent to       
succeed them4 ,sir ,robert ,peel1       

therefore1  with characteristic caution1
 bided his time1 conducting the business
  of opposition throughout the whole of 
this period with an ability and  success
 of which history affords few examples4 
,he had accepted the  ,reform ,bill as  
the established law of ,england1 and as 
the system upon  which the country was  
thenceforward to be governed4 ,he was   
willing  to carry it out in its true    
spirit1 but he would proceed no further4
  ,he marshaled his opposition upon the 
principle of resistance to any  further 
organic changes1 and he enlisted the    
majority of the peers  and nearly the   
whole of the country gentlemen of       
,england in support  of the great       
principle of protection to ,british     
industry4 ,the little  maneuvres and    
small political intrigues of the period 
are almost  forgotten1 and the          
remembrance of them is scarcely worthy  
of revival4  ,it may1 however1 be       
mentioned1 that in #ahci ministers1     
being left in  a minority1 resigned1 and

 ,sir ,robert ,peel1 when sent for by   
the ,queen1  demanded that certain      
ladies in the household of her          
majesty1--the  near relatives of eminent
 whig politicians1--should be removed   
from the personal service of the        
sovereign4 ,as this was refused1  he    
abandoned for the time any attempt to   
form a government1 and his  opponents   
remained in office till ,september1     
#ahda4 ,it was then ,sir  ,robert ,peel 
became the first lord of the treasury1  
and the ,duke of  ,wellington1 without  
office1 accepted a seat in the cabinet1 
taking  the management of the ,house of 
,lords4 ,his ministry was formed on     
protectionist principles1 but the close 
of its career was marked by  the        
adoption of free trade doctrines        
differing in the widest and most        
liberal sense4 ,sir ,robert ,peel's     
sense of public duty impelled him  once 
more to incur the odium and obliquy     
which attended a fundamental  change of 
policy1 and a repudiation of the        

political partizans  by whose ardent    
support a minister may have attained    
office and  authority4 ,it was his fate 
to encounter more than any man ever did1
  that hostility which such conduct1    
however necessary1 never fails  to      
produce4 ,this great change in our      
commercial policy1 however  unavoidable1
 must be regarded as the proximate cause
 of his final  expulsion from office in 
,july1 #ahdf4 ,his administration1      
however1 had  been signalized by several
 measures of great political importance4
  ,among the earliest and most prominent
 of these were his financial  plans1 the
 striking feature of which was an       
income-tax2 greatly  extolled for the   
exemption it afforded from other burdens
 pressing  more severely on industry1   
but loudly condemned for its irregular  
and  unequal operation1 a vice which has
 since rendered its contemplated        
increase impossible4    ,of the         
ministerial life of ,sir ,robert ,peel  
little more remains to be  related      

except that which properly belongs      
rather to the history of  the country   
than to his individual biography4 ,but  
it would be unjust  to the memory of one
 of the most sagacious statesman that   
,england ever  produced to deny that his
 latest renunciation of political       
principles  required but two short years
 to attest the vital necessity of that  
unqualified surrender4 ,if the corn laws
 had been in existence at the  period   
when the political system of the        
continent was shaken to its  centre and 
dynasties crumbled into dust1 a question
 would have been  left in the hands of  
the democratic party of ,england1 the   
force of  which neither skill nor       
influence could then have evaded4       
,instead  of broken friendships1        
shattered reputations for consistency1  
or  diminished rents1 the whole realm of
 ,england might have borne a  fearful   
share in that storm of wreck and        
revolution which had its  crisis in the 
#ajth of ,april1 #ahdh4    ,in the      

course of his long and eventful life    
many honors were conferred  upon ,sir   
,robert ,peel4 ,wherever he went1 and   
almost at all times1  he attracted      
universal attention1 and was always     
received with the  highest              
consideration4 ,at the close of #ahcf   
the ,university of ,glasgow  elected him
 ,lord ,rector1 and the conservatives of
 that city1 in  ,january1 #ahcg1 invited
 him to a banquet at which three        
thousand  gentlemen assembled to do     
honor to their great political chief4   
,but  this was only one among many      
occasions on which he was the great     
guest4 ,perhaps the most remarkable of  
these banquets was that given  to him in
 #ahce at ,merchant ,tailors' ,hall by  
three hundred members of  the ,house of 
,commons4 ,many other circumstances     
might be related to  illustrate the high
 position which ,sir ,robert ,peel      
occupied4 ,anecdotes  innumerable might 
be recorded to show the extraordinary   
influence in  ,parliament which made him

 the great commoner of the age2 for ,sir
  ,robert ,peel was not only a skillful 
and adroit debater1 but by many  degrees
 the most able and one of the most      
eloquent men in either house  of        
parliament4 ,nothing could be more      
stately or imposing than the  long array
 of sounding periods in which he        
expounded his doctrines1  assailed his  
political adversaries1 or vindicated his
 own policy4 ,but  when the whole land  
laments his loss1 when ,england mourns  
the untimely  fate of one of her noblest
 sons1 the task of critical disquisition
  upon literary attainments or public   
oratory possesses little  attraction4   
,it may be left for calmer moments1 and 
a more distant  time1 to investigate    
with unforgiving justice the sources of 
his  errors1 or to estimate the precise 
value of services which the  public is  
now disposed to regard with no other    
feelings than those of  unmingled       
gratitude4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,illustration   

,,from ,,the ,,art-,,journal4           
,,memories ,,of ,,miss ,,jane ,,porter4 
,,by ,,mrs4 ,s4,c4 ,,hall4    ,the      
frequent observation of foreigners is1  
that in ,england we have  few celebrated
 women4 ,perhaps they mean that we have 
few who are  notorious2 but let us admit
 that in either case they are right2 and
  may we not express our belief in its  
being better for women and for  the     
community that such is the case4        
,celebrity rarely adds to the  happiness
 of a woman1 and almost as rarely       
increases her usefulness4  ,the time and
 attention required to attain celebrity1
 must1 except  under very peculiar      
circumstances1 interfere with the       
faithful  discharge of those feminine   
duties upon which the well-doing of     
society depends1 and which shed so pure 
a halo around our ,english  homes4      
,within these homes our heroes1         
statesmen1 philosophers1 men  of        
letters1 men of genius1 receive their   
first impressions1 and the  impetus to a

 faithful discharge of their after      
callings as ,christian  subjects of the 
,state4    ,there are few of such men   
who do not trace back their resolution1 
their patriotism1 their wisdom1 their   
learning--the nourishment of  all their 
higher aspirations--to a wise1 hopeful1 
loving-hearted  and faith-inspired      
,mother2 one who believed in a son's    
destiny to be  great2 it may be1        
impelled to such belief rather by       
instinct than by  reason3 who cherished 
7we can find no better word7 the        
,hero-feeling  of devotion to what was  
right2 though it might have been        
unworldly2  and whose deep heart welled 
up perpetual love and patience toward   
the  overboiling faults and frequent    
stumblings of a hot youth1 which she    
felt would mellow into a fruitful       
manhood4    ,the strength and glory of  
,england are in the keeping of the wives
  and mothers of its men2 and when we   
are questioned touching our  celebrated 
women1 we may in general terms refer to 

those who have  watched over1 moulded1  
and inspired our celebrated men4        
,happy is the country where the laws of 
,god and ,nature are held in            
reverence--where each sex fulfills its  
peculiar duties1 and renders  its sphere
 a sanctuary6 ,and surely such harmony  
is blessed by the  ,almighty--for while 
other nations writhe in anarchy and     
poverty1 our  own spreads wide her arms 
to receive all who seek protection or   
need  repose4    ,but if we have few    
celebrated women1 few who1 impelled     
either by  circumstances or the         
irrepressible restlessness of genius1 go
 forth  amid the pitfalls of publicity1 
and battle with the world1 either as    
poets1 or dramatists1 or moralists1 or  
mere tale-tellers in simple  prose--or1 
more dangerous still1 hold the mirror up
 to nature on  the stage that mimics    
life--if we have but few1 we have1 and  
have  had some1 of whom we are justly   
proud2 women of such well-balanced      
minds1 that toil they ever so           

laboriously in their public and perilous
  paths1 their domestic and social      
duties have been fulfilled with as      
diligent and faithful love as though the
 world had never been purified  and     
enriched by the treasures of their      
feminine wisdom2 yet this  does not     
shake our belief1 that despite the      
spotless and well-earned  reputations   
they enjoyed1 the homage they received1 
7and it has its  charm17 and even the   
blessed consciousness of having         
contributed to  the healthful           
recreation1 the improved morality1 the  
diffusion of the  best sort of          
knowledge--the woman would have been    
happier had she  continued enshrined in 
the privacy of domestic love and        
domestic duty4  ,she may not think this 
at the commencement of her career2 and  
at its  termination1 if she has lived   
sufficiently long to have descended1    
even gracefully1 from her pedestal1 she 
may often recall the homage of  the past
 to make up for its lack in the present4

 ,but so perfectly  is woman constituted
 for the cares1 the affections1 the     
duties--the  blessed duties of un-public
 life--that if she give nature way it   
will  whisper to her a text1 that       
celebrity never added to the happiness  
of  a true woman4 ,she must look for her
 happiness to ,,home4 ,we would have    
young women ponder over this1 and watch 
carefully1 ere the veil is  lifted1 and 
the hard cruel eye of public criticism  
fixed upon them4  ,no profession is     
pastime2 still less so now than ever1   
when so many  people are clever1 though 
so few are great4 ,we would pray those  
especially who direct their thoughts to 
literature1 to think of what  they have 
to say1 and why they wish to say it2 and
 above all1 to weigh  what they may     
expect from a capricious public1 against
 the blessed  shelter and pure harmonies
 of private life4    ,but we have had   
some--and still have some--celebrated   
women1 of whom  we have said we may be  
justly proud4 ,we have done pilgrimage  

to the  shrine of ,lady ,rachel         
,russell1 who was so thoroughly         
domestic1 that  the ,corinthian beauty  
of her character would never have been  
matter  of history1 but for the         
wickedness of a bad king4 ,we have      
recorded  the hours spent with ,hannah  
,more2 the happy days passed with1 and  
the  years invigorated by1 the advice   
and influence of ,maria ,edgworth4 ,we  
might recall the stern and faithful     
puritanism of ,maria ,jane ,jewsbury1   
and the ,old ,world devotion of the true
 and high-souled daughter of            
,israel--,grace ,aguilar4 ,the mellow   
tones of ,felicia ,hemans' poetry       
lingers still among all who appreciate  
the holy sympathies of religion  and    
virtue4 ,we could dwell long and        
profitably on the enduring  patience and
 lifelong labor of ,barbara ,hofland1   
and steep a diamond in  tears to record 
the memories of ,l4,e4,l4 ,we           
could1--alas6 alas6 barely  five and    
twenty years' acquaintance with         

literature and its ornaments1  and the  
brilliant catalogue is but a ,memento   
,mori4 ,perhaps of all  this list1      
,maria ,edgworth's life was the         
happiest3 simply because she  was the   
most retired1 the least exposed to the  
gaze and observation of  the world1 the 
most occupied by loving duties toward   
the most united  circle of old and young
 we ever saw assembled in one happy     
home4    ,the very young have never1    
perhaps1 read one of the tales of a lady
  whose reputation as a novelist was in 
its zenith when ,walter ,scott          
published his first novel4 ,we desire to
 place a chaplet upon the grave  of a   
woman once celebrated all over the known
 world1 yet who drew  all her happiness 
from the lovingness of home and friends1
 while her  life was as pure as her     
renown was extensive4    ,in our own    
childhood romance-reading was           
prohibited1 but earnest  entreaty       
procured an exception in favor of the   
,scottish ,chiefs4 ,it  was the bright  

summer1 and we read it by moonlight1    
only disturbed  by the murmur of the    
distant ocean4 ,we read it1 crouched in 
the deep  recess of the nursery-window2 
we read it until moonlight and morning  
met1 and the breakfast-bell ringing out 
into the soft air from the  old gable1  
found us at the end of the fourth       
volume4 ,dear old times6  when it would 
have been deemed little less than       
sacrilege to crush a  respectable       
romance into a shilling volume1 and our 
mammas considered  only a five-volume   
story curtailed of its just proportions4
    ,sir ,william ,wallace has never    
lost his heroic ascendancy over us1  and
 we have steadily resisted every        
temptation to open the popular  edition 
of the long-loved romance1 lest what    
people will call the  improved state of 
the human mind1 might displace the sweet
 memory of  the mingled admiration and  
indignation that chased each other1     
while  we read and wept1 without ever   
questioning the truth of the absorbing  

narrative4    ,yet the ,scottish ,chiefs
 scarcely achieved the popularity of    
,thaddeus of ,warsaw--the first romance 
originated by the active  brain and     
singularly constructive power of ,jane  
,porter--produced at an  almost girlish 
age4    ,the hero of ,thaddeus of       
,warsaw was really ,kosciuszko1 the     
beloved  pupil of ,george ,washington1  
the grandest and purest patriot the     
modern  world has known4 ,the           
enthusiastic girl was moved to its      
composition by  the stirring times in   
which she lived1 and a personal         
observation  of and acquaintance with   
some of those brave men whose struggles 
for  liberty only ceased with their     
exile or their existence4    ,miss      
,porter placed her standard of          
excellence on high ground1 and--all     
gentle-spirited as was her nature--it   
was firm and unflinching toward  what   
she believed the right and true4 ,we    
must not therefore judge  her by the    
depressed state of feeling in these     

times1 when its  demonstration is looked
 upon as artificial or affected4 ,toward
 the  termination of the last1 and the  
commencement of the present century1    
the world was roused into an interest   
and enthusiasm1 which now we  can       
scarcely appreciate or account for2 the 
sympathies of ,england were  awakened by
 the terrible revolutions of ,france and
 the desolation of  ,poland2 as a       
principle1 we hated ,napoleon1 though he
 had neither act  nor part in the doings
 of the democrats2 and the sea-songs of 
,dibdin1  which our youth now would call
 uncouth and ungraceful rhymes1 were    
key-notes to public feeling2 the        
,english of that time were thoroughly   
awake--the ,british ,lion had not       
slumbered through a thirty years'       
peace4 ,we were a nation of soldiers1   
and sailors1 and patriots2  not of      
mingled cotton-spinners1 and railway    
speculators1 and angry  protectionists4 
,we do not say which state of things is 
best or worst1  we desire merely to     

account for what may be called the taste
 for  heroic literature at that time1   
and the taste for--we really hardly     
know what to call it--literature of the 
present1 made up1 as it  too generally  
is1 of shreds and patches--bits of gold 
and bits of  tinsel--things written in a
 hurry1 to be read in a hurry1 and never
  thought of afterward--suggestive      
rather than reflective1 at the best3    
and we must plead guilty to a too great 
proneness to underrate what  our fathers
 probably overrated4    ,at all events  
we must bear in mind1 while reading or  
thinking over  ,miss ,porter's novels1  
that in her day1 even the exaggeration  
of enthusiasm was considered good tone  
and good taste4 ,how this  enthusiasm   
was fostered1 not subdued1 can be       
gathered by the  author's ingenious     
preface to the1 we believe1 tenth       
edition of  ,thaddeus of ,warsaw4       
,illustration    ,this story brought her
 abundant honors1 and rendered her      
society1  as well as the society of her 

sister and brother1 sought for by all   
who aimed at a reputation for taste and 
talent4 ,mrs4 ,porter1 on her  husband's
 death1 7he was the younger son of a    
well-connected ,irish  family1 born in  
,ireland1 in or near ,coleraine1 we     
believe1 and a major  in the            
,enniskillen ,dragoons17 sought a       
residence for her family in  ,edinburgh1
 where education and good society are   
attainable to persons  of moderate      
fortunes1 if they are well-born2 but the
 extraordinary  artistic skill of her   
son ,robert required a wider field1 and 
she  brought her children to ,london    
sooner than she had intended1 that his  
promising talents might be cultivated4  
,we believe the greater part  of        
,thaddeus of ,warsaw was written in     
,london1 either in ,st4 ,martin's       
,lane1 ,newport ,street1 or ,gerard     
,street1 ,soho1 7for in these three     
streets the family lived after their    
arrival in the metropolis72  though1 as 
soon as ,robert ,ker ,porter's abilities

 floated him on the  stream1 his mother 
and sisters retired1 in the brightness  
of their  fame and beauty1 to the       
village of ,thames ,ditton1 a residence 
they  loved to speak of as their home4  
,the actual labor of ,thaddeus--her     
first novel--must have been             
considerable3 for testimony was         
frequently  borne to the fidelity of its
 localities1 and ,poles refused to      
believe  the author had not visited     
,poland2 indeed1 she had a happy power  
in  describing localities4 ,it was on   
the publication of ,miss ,porter's two  
first works in the ,german language that
 their author was honored by  being made
 a ,lady of the ,chapter of ,st4        
,joachim1 and received the  gold cross  
of the order from ,wurtemberg2 but ,the 
,scottish ,chiefs was  never so popular 
on the ,continent as ,thaddeus of       
,warsaw1 although  ,napoleon honored it 
with an interdict1 to prevent its       
circulation in  ,france4 ,if ,jane      
,porter owed her ,polish inspirations so

 peculiarly  to the tone of the times in
 which she lived1 she traces back1 in   
her introduction to the latest edition  
of ,the ,scottish ,chiefs4 her          
enthusiasm in the cause of ,sir ,william
 ,wallace to the influence an  old      
,scotch wife's tales and ballads        
produced upon her mind while in  early  
childhood4 ,she wandered amid what she  
describes as beautiful  green banks1    
which rose in natural terraces behind   
her mothers house1  and where a cow and 
a few sheep occasionally fed4 ,this     
house stood  alone1 at the head of a    
little square1 near the high school2 the
  distinguished ,lord ,elchies formerly 
lived in the house1 which was very      
ancient1 and from those green banks it  
commanded a fine view of the  ,firth of 
,forth4 ,while gathering gowans or other
 wild-flowers for  her infant sister1   
7whom she loved more dearly than her    
life1 during  the years they lived in   
most tender and affectionate            
companionship71  she frequently         

encountered this aged woman1 with her   
knitting in her  hand2 and she would    
speak to the eager and intelligent child
 of the  blessed quiet of the land1     
where the cattle were browsing without  
fear  of an enemy2 and then she would   
talk of the awful times of the brave    
,sir ,william ,wallace1 when he fought  
for ,scotland1 against a cruel  tyrant2 
like unto them whom ,abraham overcame   
when he recovered ,lot1  with all his   
herds and flocks1 from the proud foray  
of the robber  kings of the ,south1 who1
 she never failed to add1 were all      
rightly  punished for oppressing the    
stranger in a foreign land6 for the     
,lord  careth for the stranger4 ,miss   
,porter says that this woman never      
omitted mingling pious allusions with   
her narrative4 ,yet she was a  person of
 low degree1 dressed in a coarse woollen
 gown1 and a plain  ,mutch cap1 clasped 
under the chin with a silver brooch1    
which her  father had worn at the battle
 of ,culloden4 ,of course she filled    

with  tales of ,sir ,william ,wallace   
and the ,bruce the listening ears of the
  lovely ,saxon child1 who treasured    
them in her heart and brain1 until  they
 fructified in after years into ,the    
,scottish ,chiefs4 ,to these  two were  
added ,the ,pastor's ,fireside1 and a   
number of other tales  and romances4    
,she contributed to several annuals and 
magazines1 and  always took pains to    
keep up the reputation she had won1     
achieving  a large share of the         
popularity1 to which1 as an author1 she 
never  looked for happiness4 ,no one    
could be more alive to praise or more   
grateful for attention1 but the heart of
 a genuine1 pure1 loving  woman1 beat   
within ,jane ,porter's bosom1 and she   
was never drawn out of  her domestic    
circle by the flattery that has spoiled 
so many1 men as  well as women4 ,her    
mind was admirably balanced by her home 
affections1  which remained unsullied   
and unshaken to the end of her days4    
,she  had1 in common with her three     

brothers and her charming sister1 the   
advantage of a wise and loving mother--a
 woman pious without cant1 and          
worldly-wise without being worldly4     
,mrs4 ,porter was born at ,durham1  and 
when very young bestowed her hand and   
heart on ,major ,porter4  ,an old friend
 of the family assures us that two or   
three of their  children were born in   
,ireland1 and that certainly ,jane was  
amongst the  number4 ,although she left 
,ireland when in early youth1 perhaps   
almost  an infant1 she certainly must be
 considered ,irish1 as her father was   
so both by birth and descent1 and       
esteemed during his brief life as a     
brave and generous gentleman4 ,he died  
young1 leaving his lovely widow  in     
straitened circumstances1 having only   
her widow's pension to depend  on4 ,the 
eldest son--afterward ,colonel          
,porter--was sent to school by  his     
grandfather4    ,we have glanced briefly
 at ,sir ,robert ,ker ,porter's         
wonderful  talents1 and ,anna ,maria1   

when in her twelfth year1 rushed1 as    
,jane acknowledged1 prematurely into    
print4 ,of ,anna ,maria we knew         
personally but very little1 enough      
however to recall with a pleasant       
memory her readiness in conversation and
 her bland and cheerful  manners4 ,no   
two sisters could have been more        
different in bearing and  appearance2   
,maria was a delicate blonde1 with a    
riant face1 and  an animated manner--we 
had said almost peculiarly              
,irish--rushing  at conclusions1 where  
her more thoughtful and careful sister  
paused  to consider and calculate4 ,the 
beauty of ,jane was statuesque1 her     
deportment serious yet cheerful1 a      
seriousness quite as natural as  her    
younger sister's gaiety2 they both      
labored diligently1 but ,anna  ,maria's 
labor was sport when compared to her    
eldest sister's careful  toil2 ,jane's  
mind was of a more lofty order1 she was 
intense1 and felt  more than she said1  
while ,anna ,maria often said more than 

she felt2  they were a delightful       
contrast1 and yet the harmony between   
them was  complete2 and one of the      
happiest days we ever spent1 while      
trembling  on the threshold of          
literature1 was with them at their      
pretty  road-side cottage in the village
 of ,esher before the death of their    
venerable and dearly beloved mother1    
whose rectitude and prudence had  both  
guided and sheltered their youth1 and   
who lived to reap with  them the harvest
 of their industry and exertion4 ,we    
remember the drive  there1 and the      
anxiety as to how those very clever     
ladies would  look1 and what they would 
say2 we talked over the various letters 
we had received from ,jane1 and thought 
of the cordial invitation to  their     
cottage--their mother's cottage--as they
 always called it4 ,we  remember the old
 white friendly spaniel who looked at us
 with blinking  eyes1 and preceded us up
 stairs2 we remember the formal         
old-fashioned  courtesy of the venerable

 old lady1 who was then nearly          
eighty--the  blue ribands and           
good-natured frankness of ,anna ,maria1 
and the noble  courtesy of ,jane1 who   
received visitors as if she granted an  
audience2  this manner was natural to   
her2 it was only the manner of one whose
  thoughts have dwelt more upon heroic  
deeds1 and lived more with heroes  than 
with actual living men and women2 the   
effect of this1 however1  soon passed   
away1 but not so the fascination which  
was in all she  said and did4 ,her voice
 was soft and musical1 and her          
conversation  addressed to one person   
rather than to the company at large1    
while  ,maria talked rapidly to every   
one1 or for every one who chose to      
listen4 ,how happily the hours          
passed6--we were shown some of those    
extraordinary drawings of ,sir ,robert1 
who gained an artists reputation  before
 he was twenty1 and attracted the       
attention of ,west and ,shee#b  in his  
mere boyhood4 ,we heard all the         

interesting particulars of his          
panoramic picture of the ,storming of   
,seringapatam1 which1 the first  of its 
class1 was known half over the world4   
,we must not1 however1  be              
misunderstood--there was neither        
personal nor family egotism in  the     
,porters2 they invariably spoke of each 
other with the tenderest  affection--but
 unless the conversation was forced by  
their  friends--they never mentioned    
their own1 or each other's works1 while 
they were most ready to praise what was 
excellent in the works of  others2 they 
spoke with pleasure of their sojourns in
 ,london2 while  their mother said1 it  
was much wiser and better for young     
ladies  who were not rich1 to live      
quietly in the country1 and escape the  
temptations of luxury and display4 ,at  
that time the young ladies  seemed to us
 certainly not young3 that was about    
two-and-twenty  years ago1 and ,jane    
,porter was seventy-five when she died4 
,they talked  much of their previous    

dwelling at ,thames ,ditton1 of the     
pleasant  neighborhood they enjoyed     
there1 though their mother's health and 
their own had much improved since their 
residence on ,esher hill2  their little 
garden was bounded at the back by the   
beautiful park of  ,claremont1 and the  
front of the house overlooked the       
leading roads1  broken as they are by   
the village green1 and some noble elms4 
,the view  is crowned by the high trees 
of ,esher ,place2 opening from the      
village  on that side of the brow of the
 hill4 ,jane pointed out the locale  of 
the proud ,cardinal ,wolsey's domain1   
inhabited during the days3 of  his power
 over ,henry ,,viii41 and in their      
cloudy evening1 when that  capricious   
monarch's favor changed to bitterest    
hate4 ,it was the very  spot to foster  
her high romance1 while she could at the
 same time  enjoy the sweets of that    
domestic converse she loved best of all4
  ,we were prevented by the occupations 
and heart-beatings of our own  literary 

labors from repeating this visit2 and in
 #ahca1 four years  after these         
well-remembered hours1 the venerable    
mother of a family  so distinguished in 
literature and art1 rendering their     
names known  and honored wherever art   
and letters flourish1 was called ,,home4
 ,the  sisters1 who had resided ten     
years at ,esher1 left it1 intending to  
sojourn for a time with their second    
brother1 ,doctor ,porter1 7who          
commenced his career as a surgeon in the
 navy7 in ,bristol2 but within  a year  
the youngest1 the light-spirited1       
bright-hearted ,anna ,maria  died2 her  
sister was dreadfully shaken by her     
loss1 and the letters  we received from 
her after this bereavement1 though      
containing the  outpourings of a        
sorrowing spirit1 were full of the      
certainty of  that re-union hereafter   
which became the hope of her life4 ,she 
soon  resigned her cottage home at      
,esher1 and found the affectionate      
welcome  she so well deserved in many   

homes1 where friends vied with each     
other to fill the void in her sensitive 
heart4 ,she was of too wise  a nature1  
and too sympathizing a habit1 to shut   
out new interests  and affections1 but  
her old ones never withered1 nor were   
they  ever replaced2 were the love of   
such a sister-friend--the watchful      
tenderness and uncompromising love of a 
mother--ever replaced1 to a  lonely     
sister or a bereaved daughter6 ,miss    
,porters pen had been laid  aside for   
some time1 when suddenly she came before
 the world as the  editor of ,sir       
,edward ,seward's ,narrative1 and set   
people hunting over  old atlases to find
 out the island where he resided4 ,the  
whole was  a clever fiction2 yet ,miss  
,porter never confided its authorship1  
we  believe1 beyond her family circle2  
perhaps the correspondence and          
documents1 which are in the hands of one
 of her kindest friends 7her  executor71
 ,mr4 ,shepherd1 may throw some light   
upon a subject which the  ,quarterly    

honored by an article4 ,we think the    
editor certainly used  her pen as well  
as her judgment in the work1 and we have
 imagined that  it might have been      
written by the family circle1 more in   
sport than in  earnest1 and then        
produced to serve a double purpose4     
,footnote #b3 ,in his early days the    
,president of the ,royal ,academy       
painted a very striking portrait of     
,jane ,porter1 as ,miranda1  and        
,harlowe painted her in the canoness    
dress of the order of ,st4  ,joachim4   
,after her sister's death ,miss ,jane   
,porter was afflicted with so  severe an
 illness1 that we1 in common with her   
other friends1 thought  it impossible   
she could carry out her plan of         
journeying to ,st4  ,petersburgh to     
visit her brother1 ,sir ,robert ,ker    
,porter1 who had  been long united to a 
,russian princess1 and was then a       
widower2 her  strength was fearfully    
reduced2 her once round figure become   
almost  spectral1 and little beyond the 

placid and dignified expression of  her 
noble countenance remained to tell of   
her former beauty2 but her  resolve was 
taken2 she wished1 she said1 to see once
 more her youngest  and most beloved    
brother1 so distinguished in several    
careers1 almost  deemed                 
incompatible1--as a painter1 an author1 
a soldier1 and a  diplomatist1 and      
nothing could turn her from her purpose3
 she reached  ,st4 ,petersburgh in      
safety1 and with apparently improved    
health1 found  her brother as much      
courted and beloved there as in his own 
land1  and his daughter married to a    
,russian of high distinction4 ,sir      
,robert  longed to return to ,england4  
,he did not complain of any illness1 and
  everything was arranged for their     
departure2 his final visits were  paid1 
all but one to the ,emperor1 who had    
ever treated him as a  friend2 the day  
before his intended journey he went to  
the palace1 was  graciously received1   
and then drove home1 but when the       

servant opened  the carriage-door at his
 own residence he was dead6 ,one sorrow 
after  another pressed heavily upon her2
 yet she was still the same sweet1      
gentle1 holy-minded woman she had ever  
been1 bending with ,christian  faith to 
the will of the ,almighty1--biding her  
time4    ,how differently would she have
 watched and waited had she been        
tainted by vanity1 or fixed her soul on 
the mere triumphs of literary           
reputation4 ,while firm to her own      
creed1 she fully enjoyed the  success of
 those who scramble up--where she bore  
the standard to the  heights of         
,parnassus2 she was never more happy    
than when introducing  some literary    
,tyro to those who could aid or advise a
 future career4  ,we can speak from     
experience of the warm interest she took
 in the  ,hospital for the cure of      
,consumption1 and the ,governesses'     
,benevolent  ,institution2 during the   
progress of the latter1 her health was  
painfully feeble1 yet she used her      

personal influence for its success1  and
 worked with her own hands for its      
bazaars4 ,she was ever aiding  those who
 could not aid themselves2 and all her  
thoughts1 words1 and  deeds1 were       
evidence of her clear1 powerful mind and
 kindly loving  heart2 her appearance in
 the ,london coteries was always hailed 
with  interest and pleasure2 to the     
young she was especially affectionate2  
but it was in the quiet mornings1 or in 
the long twilight evenings  of summer1  
when visiting her cherished friends at  
,shirley ,park1 in  ,kensington ,square1
 or wherever she might be located for   
the time--it  was then that her former  
spirit revived1 and she poured forth    
anecdote  and illustration1 and the     
store of many years' observation1       
filtered  by experience and purified by 
that delightful faith to which she      
held1--that all things work together for
 good to them that love the  ,lord4 ,she
 held this in practice1 even more than  
in theory2 you saw  her chastened yet   

hopeful spirit beaming forth from her   
gentle eyes1  and her sweet smile can   
never be forgotten4 ,the last time we   
saw her1  was about two years ago--in   
,bristol--at her brother's1 ,dr4        
,porter's1  house in ,portland ,square3 
then she could hardly stand without     
assistance1 yet she never complained of 
her own suffering or  feebleness1 all   
her anxiety was about the brother--then 
dangerously  ill1 and now the last of   
his race4 ,major ,porter1 it will be    
remembered1 left five children1 and     
these have left only one                
descendant--the daughter of ,sir ,robert
 ,ker ,porter and the ,russian          
,princess whom he married1 a young      
,russian lady1 whose present name we  do
 not even know4    ,we did not think at 
our last leave-taking that ,miss        
,porter's fragile  frame could have so  
long withstood the ,power that takes    
away all we  hold most dear2 but her    
spirit was at length summoned1 after a  
few  days' total insensibility1 on the  

#bdth of ,may4    ,we were haunted by   
the idea that the pretty cottage at     
,esher1 where  we spent those happy     
hours1 had been treated even as ,mrs4   
,porter's  ,arcadia at ,thames          
,ditton--now altogether removed2 and it 
was with a  melancholy pleasure we found
 it the other morning in nothing        
changed2  and it was almost impossible  
to believe that so many years had passed
  since our last visit4 ,while ,mr4     
,fairholt was sketching the cottage1 we 
knocked at the door1 and were kindly    
permitted by two gentle sisters1  who   
now inhabit it1 to enter the little     
drawing-room and walk round  the garden3
 except that the drawing-room has been  
re-papered and  painted1 and that there 
were no drawings and no flowers the room
 was  not in the least altered2 yet to  
us it seemed like a sepulcher1 and we   
rejoiced to breathe the sweet air of the
 little garden1 and listen to  a        
nightingale1 whose melancholy cadence   
harmonized with our feelings4           

,whenever you are at ,esher1 said the   
devoted daughter1 the last  time we     
conversed with her1 do visit my mother's
 tomb4 ,we did so4  ,a cypress          
flourishes at the head of the grave2 and
 the following  touching inscription is 
carved on the stone3--        ,here     
sleeps in ,jesus a ,christian widow1    
,,jane ,,porter4 ,obiit      ,june      
#ahth1 #ahca1 tat4 #hf2 the beloved     
mother of ,w4 ,porter1      ,m4,d41 of  
,sir ,robert ,ker ,porter1 and of ,jane 
and ,anna ,maria      ,porter1 who mourn
 in hope1 humbly trusting to be born    
again      with her unto the blessed    
kingdom of their ,lord and ,savior4     
,respect her grave1 for she ministered  
to the poor4           99       99      
99       99       99          ,,recent  
,,deaths4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,,mr4 ,,kirby1    
,,the ,,entomologist4    ,the ,rev4     
,william ,kirby1 ,rector of ,barham1    
,suffolk1 who died on the #dth  ult4 in 
the ninety-first year of his age1 with  

his faculties little  impaired1 ranked  
as the father of ,entomology in         
,england2 and to the  successful results
 of his labors may he chiefly attributed
 the advance  which has been made in    
this over other kindred departments of  
natural  history4 ,his reputation is    
based not so much on the discoveries    
made  by him in the science as on the   
manner of its teaching4 ,no man ever    
approached the study of the works of    
nature with a purer or more  earnest    
zeal4 ,his interpretation of the        
distinguishing characters of  insects   
for the purposes of classification has  
excited the warmest  approval of        
entomologists at home and abroad2 while 
his agreeable  narrative of their       
wonderful transformations and habits1   
teeming with  analyses and anecdote1 has
 a charm for almost every kind of       
reader4    ,mr4 ,kirby's first work of  
particular note was the ,monographia    
,apum  ,angli1 in two volumes published 
half a century ago at ,ipswich2 to      

which town he was much endeared1 and in 
whose ,museum1 as ,president1  under the
 friendly auspices of its ,secretary1   
,mr4 ,george ,ransome1 he  took a lively
 interest4 ,his admirable work on the   
,wild ,bees of ,great  ,britain was     
composed from materials collected almost
 entirely by  himself1--and most of the 
plates were of his etching4 ,entomology 
was  at that time a comparatively new   
science in this country1 and it is an   
honorable proof of the correctness of   
the author's views that they are  still 
acknowledged to be genuine4    ,his     
further progress in entomology is       
abundantly marked by various  papers in 
the ,transactions of the ,linnan        
,society1--by the  entomological portion
 of the ,bridgewater ,treatise ,on the  
,history1  ,habits1 and ,instincts of   
,animals1--and by his descriptions1     
occupying  a quarto volume1 of the      
insects of ,sir ,john ,richardson's     
,fauna  ,boreali-,americana4 ,the name  
of ,kirby will1 however1 be chiefly     

remembered for the ,introduction on     
,entomology written by him in           
conjunction with ,mr4 ,spence4 ,in this 
work a vast amount of material1         
acquired after many years' unremitting  
observation of the insect  world1 is    
mingled together by two different but   
congenial minds in  the pleasant form of
 familiar letters4 ,the charm1 based on 
substantial  knowledge of the subject1  
which these letters impart1 has caused  
them to be studied with an interest     
never before excited by any work  on    
natural history1--and they have served  
for the model of many an  interesting   
and instructive volume4 ,whether        
,william ,kirby or ,william  ,spence had
 the more meritorious share in the      
composition of these  ,letters1 has     
never been ascertained2 for each1 in the
 plenitude of his  esteem and love for  
the other1 renounced all claim1 in favor
 of his  coadjutor1 to whatever portion 
of the matter might be most valued4     
,in addition to the honor of being      

,president of the ,museum of his  county
 town--in which there is an admirable   
portrait of him--,mr4 ,kirby  was       
,honorary ,president of the             
,entomological ,society of ,london1     
,fellow  of the ,royal1 ,linnan1        
,geological1 and ,zoological ,societies 
of the  same city1 and corresponding    
member of several foreign societies4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,the death of ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,gray1      
,professor of ,oriental ,languages in   
the  ,university of ,glasgow1 is        
reported in the ,scotch papers4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,fine ,,arts4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,one of
 the favorite painters of ,paris is     
,ingres1 renowned especially  for the   
beauty of his designs from the human    
figure1 and the sweetness  of his       
coloring4 ,eight years ago he was       
commissioned by ,m4 de ,luynes1  who    
then wore the title of ,duke--which1 it 
must be said1 he is  still called by1   

though the ,republic frowns on such     
aristocratic  distinctions--to paint two
 historical pictures in fresco1 for a   
country-house near ,paris4 ,the subjects
 were left to the choice of  the artist1
 who was to have #ajj1jjj francs 7or    
#bj1jjj7 for the two  pictures1 one     
quarter of which was paid him in        
advance4 ,during these  eight years ,mr4
 ,ingres has begun various designs1 and 
done his best  to satisfy himself in the
 planning and execution of the pictures2
 but  in vain did he blot out one design
 and labor long and earnestly upon      
another--success still fled from his    
pencil4 ,at last1 after eight  years'   
fruitless exertion1 he despaired1 and   
going to ,m4 de ,luynes1  told him that 
he could not make the pictures4 ,at the 
same time he  offered to return the     
#e1jjj2 but ,m4 de ,luynes1 one of the  
most  munificent gentlemen in ,france1  
refused to receive it4 ,madame ,ingres1 
however1 arranged the difficulty4 ,she  
remembered that during these  eight     

years her kitchen had been regularly    
supplied with vegetables  from ,m4 de   
,luynes' garden1 and these she insisted 
on paying for4 ,very  well1 said ,m4 de 
,luynes1 if you will have it so1 my     
gardener shall  bring you his bill4     
,accordingly1 not long after1 the       
gardener brought  a bill for twenty-five
 francs4 ,my friend1 said ,madame       
,ingres to him1  you are mistaken in the
 amount3 this is very natural1          
considering the  length of the time4 ,i 
have a better memory3 your master will  
find in  this envelope the exact sum4   
,when ,m4 de ,luynes opened the         
envelope1  he found in it bills for     
twenty thousand francs4           99    
99       99       99       99           
,,lester1 ,,brady  ,,davignon's ,gallery
 of ,illustrious ,americans1 is  very   
favorably noticed generally by the      
foreign critics4 ,the ,art  ,journal    
says of it3 ,this work is1 as its title 
imports1 of a  strictly national        
character1 consisting of portraits and  

biographical  sketches of twenty-four of
 the most eminent of the citizens of the
  ,republic1 since the death of         
,washington2 beautifully lithographed   
from  daguerreotypes4 ,each number is   
devoted to a portrait and memoir1 the   
first being that of ,general ,taylor    
7eleventh ,president of the ,united     
,states71 the second1 of ,john ,c4      
,calhoun4 ,certainly1 we have never seen
  more truthful copies of nature than   
these portraits2 they carry in  them an 
indelible stamp of all that earnestness 
and power for which  our trans-,atlantic
 brethren have become famous1 and are   
such heads as  ,lavater would have      
delighted to look upon4 ,they are1      
truly1 speaking  likenesses1 and impress
 all who see them with the certainty of 
their  accuracy1 so self-evident is     
their character4 ,we are always rejoiced
  to notice a great nation doing honor  
to its great men2 it is a noble  duty   
which when properly done honors all     
concerned therewith4 ,we see  no reason 

to doubt that ,america may in this      
instance rank with the  greatest4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,dr4 ,,waagen1 so well known for his   
writings on ,art1 is at present in      
,england for the purpose of adding to   
his knowledge of the private  collection
 of pictures there1 but principally to  
make himself  acquainted with ancient   
illuminated manuscripts in several      
,british  collections4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,a     
,,monument ,,in ,,honor ,,of ,,cowper1  
,,the ,,poet1 is proposed to be erected 
in  ,westminster ,abbey1 from a design  
by ,marshall1 the ,sculptor1 exhibited  
at the ,royal ,academy in #ahdi4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,,summer ,,vacation4    ,,the ,,fourth  
,,book ,,of ,,wordsworth',s             
,,unpublished ,,poem4#c        ,bright  
was the summer's noon when quickening   
steps    ,followed each other till a    
dreary moor    ,was crossed1 a bare     
ridge clomb1 upon whose top    ,standing

 alone1 as from a rampart's edge1    ,i 
overlooked the bed of ,windermere1      
,like a vast river1 stretching in the   
sun4    ,with exultation at my feet ,i  
saw    ,lake1 islands1 promontories1    
gleaming bays1    ,a universe of        
,nature's fairest forms    ,proudly     
revealed with instantaneous burst1      
,magnificent1 and beautiful1 and gay4   
,i bounded down the hill shouting amain 
,for the old ,ferryman2 to the shout the
 rocks    ,replied1 and when the ,charon
 of the flood    ,had stayed his oars1  
and touched the jutting pier1    ,i did 
not step into the well-known boat       
,without a cordial greeting4 ,thence    
with speed    ,up the familiar hill ,i  
took my way    ,toward that sweet       
,valley where ,i had been reared2       
',twas but a shore hour's walk1 ere     
veering round    ,i saw the snow-white  
church upon her hill    ,sit like a     
throned ,lady1 sending out    ,a        
gracious look all over her domain4      
,you azure smoke betrays the lurking    

town2    ,with eager footsteps ,i       
advance and reach    ,the cottage       
threshold where my journey closed4      
,glad welcome had ,i1 with some tear1   
perhaps1    ,from my old ,dame1 so kind 
and motherly1    ,while she perused me  
with a parent's pride4    ,the thoughts 
of gratitude shall fall like dew        
,upon thy grave1 good creature6 ,while  
my heart    ,can beat never will ,i     
forget they name4    ,heaven's blessing 
be upon thee where thou liest    ,after 
thy innocent and busy stir    ,in narrow
 cares1 thy little daily growth    ,of  
calm enjoyments1 after eighty years1    
,and more than eighty1 of untroubled    
life1    ,childless1 yet by the         
strangers to thy blood    ,honored with 
little less than filial love4    ,what  
joy was mine to see thee once again1    
,thee and they dwelling1 and a crowd of 
things    ,about its narrow precincts   
all beloved1    ,and many of them       
seeming yet my own6    ,why should ,i   
speak of what a thousand hearts    ,have

 felt1 and every man alive can guess8   
,the rooms1 the court1 the garden were  
not left    ,long unsaluted1 nor the    
sunny seat    ,round the stone table    
under the dark pine1    ,friendly to    
studious or to festive hours2    ,nor   
that unruly child of mountain birth1    
,the famous brook1 who1 soon as he was  
boxed    ,within our garden1 found      
himself at once1    ,as if by trick     
insidious and unkind1    ,stripped of   
his voice and left to dimple down       
7,without an effort and without a will7 
,a channel paved by man's officious     
care4    ,i looked at him and smiled1   
and smiled again1    ,and in the press  
of twenty thousand thought1    ,ha1     
quoth ,i1 pretty prisoner1 are you      
there6    ,well might sarcastic ,fancy  
then have whispered1    ,an emblem here 
behold of they own life2    ,in its late
 course of even days with all    ,their 
smooth enthralment2 but the heart was   
full1    ,too full for that reproach4   
,my aged ,dame    ,walked proudly at my 

side3 she guided me2    ,i willing1     
nay--nay1 wishing to be led4    --,the  
face of every neighbor whom ,i met      
,was like a volume to me2 some were     
hailed    ,upon the road1 some busy at  
their work1    ,unceremonious greetings 
interchanged    ,with half the length of
 a long field between4    ,among my     
schoolfellows ,i scattered round        
,like recognitions1 but with some       
constraint    ,attended1 doubtless1 with
 a little pride1    ,but with more      
shame1 for my habiliments1    ,the      
transformation wrought by gay attire4   
,not less delighted did ,i take my place
    ,at our domestic table3 and1 dear   
,friend6    ,in this endeavor simply to 
relate    ,a ,poet's history1 may ,i    
leave untold    ,the thankfulness with  
which ,i laid me down    ,in my         
accustomed bed1 more welcome now        
,perhaps than if it had been more       
desired    ,or been more often thought  
of with regret2    ,that lowly bed      
whence ,i had heard the wind    ,roar   

and the rain beat hard1 where ,i so oft 
,had lain awake on summer nights to     
watch    ,the moon in splendor couched  
among the leaves    ,of a tall ash1 that
 near our cottage stood2    ,had watched
 her with fixed eyes while to and fro   
,in the dark summit of the waving tree  
,she rocked with every impulse of the   
breeze4      ,among the favorites whom  
it pleased me well    ,to see again1 was
 one by ancient right    ,our inmate1 a 
rough terrier of the hills2    ,by birth
 and call of nature pre-ordained    ,to 
hunt the badger and unearth the fox     
,among the impervious crags1 but having 
been    ,from youth our own adopted1 he 
had passed    ,into a gentler service4  
,and when first    ,the boyish spirit   
flagged1 and day by day    ,along my    
veins ,i kindled with the stir1    ,the 
fermentation1 and the vernal heat    ,of
 poesy1 affecting private shades        
,like a sick ,lover1 then this dog was  
used    ,to watch me1 an attendant and a
 friend1    ,obsequious to my steps     

early and late1    ,though often of such
 dilatory walk    ,tired1 and uneasy at 
the halts ,i made4    ,a hundred times  
when1 roving high and low1    ,i have   
been harassed with the toil of verse1   
,much pains and little progress1 and at 
once    ,some lovely ,image in the song 
rose up    ,full-formed1 like ,venus    
rising from the sea2    ,then have ,i   
darted forward to let loose    ,my hand 
upon his back with stormy joy1          
,caressing him again and yet again4     
,and when at evening on the public way  
,i sauntered1 like a river murmuring    
,and talking to itself when all things  
else    ,are still1 the creature trotted
 on before2    ,such was his custom2 but
 whene'er he met    ,a passenger        
approaching1 he would turn    ,to give  
me timely notice1 and straightway1      
,grateful for that admonishment1 ,i     
hushed    ,my voice1 composed my gait1  
and1 with the air    ,and mein of one   
whose thoughts are free1 advanced    ,to
 give and take a greeting that might    

save    ,my name from piteous rumors1   
such as wait    ,on men suspected to be 
crazed in brain4      ,those walks well 
worth to be prized and loved--          
,regretted6--that word1 too1 was on my  
tongue1    ,but they were richly laden  
with all good1    ,and cannot be        
remembered but with thanks    ,and      
gratitude1 and perfect joy of heart--   
,those walks in all their freshness now 
came back    ,like a returning ,spring4 
,when first ,i made    ,once more the   
circuit of our little lake1    ,if ever 
happiness hath lodged with man1    ,that
 day consummate happiness was mine1     
,wide-spreading1 steady1 calm1          
contemplative4    ,the sun was set1 or  
setting1 when ,i left    ,our cottage   
door1 and evening soon brought on    ,a 
sober hour1 not winning or serene1      
,for cold and raw the air was1 and      
untuned2    ,but as a face we love is   
sweetest then    ,when sorrow damps it1 
or1 whatever look    ,it chance to wear1
 is sweetest if the heart    ,have      

fullness in herself2 even so with me    
,it fared that evening4 ,gently did my  
soul    ,put off her veil1 and1         
self-transmuted1 stood    ,naked1 as in 
the presence of her ,god4    ,while on  
,i walked1 a comfort seemed to touch    
,a heart that had not been disconsolate3
    ,strength came where weakness was   
not known to be1    ,at least not felt2 
and restoration came    ,like an        
intruder knocking at the door    ,of    
unacknowledged weariness4 ,i took       
,the balance1 and with firm hand        
weighted myself4    --,of that external 
scene which round me lay1    ,little1 in
 this abstraction1 did ,i see2          
,remembered less2 but ,i had inward     
hopes    ,and swellings of the spirit1  
was rapt and soothed1    ,conversed with
 promises1 had glimmering views    ,how 
life pervades the undecaying mind2      
,how the immortal soul with ,god-like   
power    ,informs1 creates1 and thaws   
the deepest sleep    ,that time can lay 
upon her2 how on earth1    ,man1 if he  

do but live within the light    ,of high
 endeavors1 daily spreads abroad    ,his
 being armed with strength that cannot  
fail    ,nor was there want of milder   
thoughts1 of love    ,of innocence1 and 
holiday repose2    ,and more than       
pastoral quiet1 'mid the stir    ,of    
boldest projects1 and a peaceful end    
,at last1 or glorious1 by endurance won4
    ,thus musing1 in a wood ,i sat me   
down    ,alone1 continuing there to     
muse3 the slopes    ,and heights        
meanwhile were slowly overspread        
,with darkness1 and before a rippling   
breeze    ,the long lake lengthened out 
its hoary line1    ,and in the sheltered
 coppice where ,i sat1    ,around me    
from among the hazel leaves1    ,now    
here1 now there1 moved by the straggling
 wind1    ,came ever and anon a         
breath-like sound1    ,quick as the     
pantings of the faithful dog1    ,the   
off and on companion of my work2    ,and
 such1 at times1 believing them to be1  
,i turned my head to look if he were    

there2    ,then into solemn thought ,i  
passed once more4      ,a freshness also
 found ,i at this time    ,in human     
,life1 the daily life of those    ,whose
 occupations really ,i loved2    ,the   
peaceful scene oft filled me with       
surprise1    ,changed like a garden in  
the heat of spring    ,after an eight   
days' absence4 ,for 7to omit    ,the    
things which were the same and yet      
appeared    ,far otherwise7 amid this   
rural solitude4    ,a narrow ,vale where
 each was known to all1    ',twas not   
indifferent to a youthful mind    ,to   
mark some sheltering bower or sunny     
nook1    ,where an old man had used to  
sit alone1    ,now vacant2 pale-faced   
babes whom ,i had left    ,in arms1 now 
rosy prattlers at the feet    ,of a     
pleased grandame tottering up and down2 
,and growing girls whose beauty1 filched
 away    ,with all its pleasant         
promises1 was gone    ,to deck some     
slighted playmate's homely cheek4       
,yes1 ,i had something of a subtler     

sense1    ,and often looking round was  
moved to smiles    ,such as a delicate  
work of humor breeds2    ,i read1       
without design1 the opinions1 thoughts1 
,of those plain-living people now       
observed    ,with clearer knowledge2    
with another eye    ,i saw the quiet    
woodman in the woods1    ,the shepherd  
roam the hills4 ,with new delight1      
,this chiefly1 did ,i note my           
gray-haired ,dame2    ,saw her go forth 
to church or other work    ,of state1   
equipped in monumental trim2    ,short  
velvet cloak1 7her bonnet of the like17 
,a mantle such as ,spanish ,cavaliers   
,wore in old time4 ,her smooth domestic 
life1    ,affectionate without          
disquietude1    ,her talk1 her business1
 pleased me2 and no less    ,her clear  
though sallow stream of piety    ,that  
ran on ,sabbath days a fresher course2  
,with thoughts unfelt till now ,i saw   
her read    ,her ,bible on hot ,sunday  
afternoons1    ,and loved the book1 when
 she had dropped asleep    ,and made of 

it a pillow for her head4      ,nor less
 do ,i remember to have felt1           
,distinctly manifested at this time1    
,a human-heartedness about my love      
,for objects hitherto the absolute      
wealth    ,of my own private being and  
no more3    ,which ,i had loved even as 
a blessed spirit    ,or ,angel1 if he   
were to dwell on earth1    ,might love  
in individual happiness4    ,but now    
there opened on me other thoughts    ,of
 change1 congratulation or regret1    ,a
 pensive feeling6 ,it spread far and    
wide2    ,the trees1 the mountains      
shared it1 and the brooks1    ,the stars
 of heaven1 now seen in their old       
haunts--    ,white ,sirius glittering   
o'er the southern crags1    ,orion with 
his belt1 and those fair ,seven1        
,acquaintances of every little child1   
,and ,jupiter1 my own beloved star6     
,whatever shadings of mortality1        
,whatever imports from the world of     
death    ,had come among these objects  
heretofore1    ,were1 in the main1 of   

mood less tender3 strong1    ,deep1     
gloomy were they1 and severe3 the       
scatterings    ,of awe or tremulous     
dread1 that had given way    ,in latter 
youth to yearnings of a love            
,enthusiastic1 to delight and hope4     
,as one who hangs down-bending from the 
side    ,of a slow-moving boat1 upon the
 breast    ,of a still water1 solacing  
himself    ,with such discoveries as his
 eye can make    ,beneath him in the    
bottom of the deep1    ,sees many       
beauteous sights--weeds1 fishes1        
flowers1    ,grots1 pebbles1 roots of   
trees1 and fancies more1    ,yet often  
is perplexed and cannot part    ,the    
shadow from the substance1 rocks and sky
    ,mountains and clouds1 reflected in 
the depth    ,of the clear flood1 from  
things which there abide    ,in their   
true dwelling2 now is crossed by gleam  
,of his own image1 by a sunbeam now1    
,and wavering motions sent he knows not 
whence1    ,impediments that make his   
task more sweet2    ,such pleasant      

office have we long pursued             
,incumbent o'er the surface of past time
    ,with like success1 nor often have  
appeared    ,shapes fairer or less      
doubtfully discerned    ,than those to  
which the ,tale1 indulgent ,friend6     
,would now direct thy notice4 ,yet in   
spite    ,of pleasure won1 and knowledge
 not withheld1    ,there was an inner   
falling off--,i loved1    ,loved deeply 
all that had been loved before    ,more 
deeply even than ever3 but a swarm      
,of heady schemes jostling each other1  
gawds1    ,and feast and dance1 and     
public revelry1    ,and sports and games
 7too grateful in themselves1    ,yet in
 themselves less grateful1 ,i believe1  
,than as they were a badge glossy and   
fresh    ,of manliness and freedom7 all 
conspired    ,to lure my mind from firm 
habitual quest    ,of feeding pleasures1
 to depress the zeal    ,and damp those 
yearnings which had once been mine--    
,a wild1 unworldly-minded youth1 given  
up    ,to his own eager thoughts4 ,it   

would demand    ,some skill1 and longer 
time than may be spared1    ,to paint   
these vanities1 and how they wrought    
,in haunts where they1 till now1 had    
been unknown4    ,it seemed the very    
garments that they wore    ,preyed on my
 strength1 and stopped the quiet stream 
,of self-forgetfulness4                 
,yes1 that heartless chase    ,of       
trivial pleasures was a poor exchange   
,for books and nature at that early age4
    ',tis true1 some casual knowledge   
might be gained    ,of character or     
life2 but at that time1    ,of manners  
put to school ,i took small note1       
,and all my deeper passions lay         
elsewhere4    ,far better had it been to
 exalt the mind    ,by solitary study1  
to uphold    ,intense desire through    
meditative peace2    ,and yet1 for      
chastisement of these regrets1    ,the  
memory of one particular hour    ,doth  
here rise up against me4 ',mid a throng 
,of maids and youths1 old men1 and      
matrons staid1    ,a medley of all      

tempers1 ,i had passed    ,the night in 
dancing1 gayety1 and mirth1    ,with din
 of instruments and shuffling feet1     
,and glancing forms1 and tapers         
glittering1    ,and unaimed prattle     
flying up and down2    ,spirits upon the
 stretch1 and here and there    ,slight 
shocks of young love-liking             
interspersed1    ,whose transient       
pleasure mounted to the head1    ,and   
tingled through the veins4 ,ere we      
retired    ,the cock had crowed1 and now
 the eastern sky    ,was kindling1 not  
unseen1 from humble copse    ,and open  
field1 through which the pathway wound1 
,and homeward led my steps4 ,magnificent
    ,the morning rose1 in memorable     
pomp1    ,glorious as e'er ,i had       
beheld--in front1    ,the sea lay       
laughing at a distance2 near1    ,the   
solid mountains shone1 bright as the    
clouds1    ,grain-tinctured1 drenched in
 ,empyrean light2    ,and in the meadows
 and the lower grounds    ,was all the  
sweetness of a common dawn--    ,dews1  

vapors1 and the melody of birds1    ,and
 laborers going forth to till the       
fields4      ,ah6 need ,i say1 dear     
,friend6 that to the brim    ,my heart  
was full2 ,i made no vows1 but vows     
,were then made for me2 bond unknown to 
me    ,was given1 that ,i should be1    
else sinning greatly1    ,a dedicated   
,spirit4 ,on ,i walked    ,in thankful  
blessedness1 which yet survives4        
,strange rendezvous6 ,my mind was at    
that time    ,a parti-colored show of   
grave and gay1    ,solid and light1     
short-sighted and profound2    ,of      
inconsiderate habits and sedate1        
,consorting in one mansion unreproved4  
,the worth ,i knew of powers that ,i    
possessed1    ,though slighted and too  
oft misused4 ,besides1    ,that summer1 
swarming as it did with thoughts        
,transient and idle1 lacked not         
intervals    ,when ,folly from the frown
 of fleeting ,time    ,shrunk1 and the  
mind experienced in herself             
,conformity as just as that of old      

,to the end and written spirit of ,god's
 works1    ,whether held forth in       
,nature or in ,man1    ,through pregnant
 vision1 separate or conjoined4         
,when from our better selves we have too
 long    ,been parted by the hurrying   
world1 and droop1    ,sick of its       
business1 of its pleasure tired1    ,how
 gracious1 how benign1 is ,solitude2    
,how potent a mere image of her sway2   
,most potent when impressed upon the    
mind    ,with an appropriate human      
centre--hermit1    ,deep in the bosom of
 the wilderness2    ,votary 7in vast    
cathedral1 where no foot    ,is         
treading1 where no other face is seen7  
,kneeling at prayers2 or watchman on the
 top    ,of lighthouse1 beaten by       
,atlantic waves2    ,or as the soul of  
that great ,power is met    ,sometimes  
embodied on a public road1    ,when1 for
 the night deserted1 it assumes    ,a   
character of quiet more profound        
,than pathless wastes4                  
,once1 when those summer months1        

,where flown1 and autumn brought its    
annual show    ,of oars with oars       
contending1 sails with sails1    ,upon  
,windander's spacious breast1 it chanced
    ,that--after ,i had left a          
flower-decked room    7,whose in-door   
pastime1 lighted up1 survived    ,to a  
late hour71 and spirits overwrought     
,were making night do penance for a day 
,spent in a round of strenuous          
idleness--    ,my homeward course led up
 a long ascent1    ,where the road's    
watery surface1 to the top    ,of that  
sharp rising1 glittered to the moon     
,and bore the semblance of another      
stream    ,stealing with silent lapse to
 join the brook    ,that murmured in the
 vale4 ,all else was still2    ,no      
living thing appeared in earth or air1  
,and1 save the flowing water's peaceful 
voice1    ,sound there was none--but1   
lo6 an uncouth shape1    ,shown by a    
sudden turning of the road1    ,so near 
that1 slipping back into the shade      
,of a thick hawthorn1 ,i could mark him 

well1    ,myself unseen4 ,he was of     
stature tall1    ,a span above man's    
common measure1 tall1    ,stiff1 land1  
and upright2 a more meager man    ,was  
never seen before by night or day4      
,long were his arms1 pallid his hands2  
his mouth    ,looked ghastly in the     
moonlight3 from behind1    ,a mile-stone
 propped him2 ,i could also ken    ,that
 he was clothed in military garb4       
,though faded1 yet entire4              
,companionless1    ,no dog attending1 by
 no staff sustained1    ,he stood1 and  
in his very dress appeared    ,a        
desolation1 a simplicity1    ,to which  
the trappings of a gaudy world    ,make 
a strange back-ground4 ,from his lips1  
ere long1    ,issued low muttered       
sounds1 as if of pain    ,or some uneasy
 thought2 yet still his form    ,kept   
the same awful steadiness--at his feet  
,his shadow lay1 and moved not4 ,from   
self-blame    ,not wholly free1 ,i      
watched him thus2 at length    ,subduing
 my heart's specious cowardice1    ,i   

left the shady nook where ,i had stood  
,and hailed him4 ,slowly from his       
resting-place    ,he rose1 and with a   
lean and wasted arm    ,in measured     
gesture lifted to his head    ,returned 
my salutation2 then resumed    ,his     
station as before3 and when ,i asked    
,his history1 the veteran1 in reply1    
,was neither slow nor eager2 but1       
unmoved1    ,and with a quiet1          
uncomplaining voice1    ,a stately air  
of mild indifference1    ,he told in few
 plain words a soldier's tale--    ,that
 in the ,tropic ,islands he had served1 
,whence he had landed scarcely three    
weeks past2    ,that on his landing he  
had been dismissed1    ,and now was     
traveling toward his native home4       
,this heard1 ,i said1 in pity1 ,come    
with me4    ,he stooped1 and straightway
 from the ground took up1    ,an oaken  
staff by me yet unobserved--    ,a staff
 which must have dropt from his slack   
hand    ,and lay till now neglected in  
the grass4    ,though weak his step and 

cautious1 he appeared    ,to travel     
without pain1 and ,i beheld1    ,with an
 astonishment but ill-suppressed1       
,his ghostly figure moving at my side2  
,nor could ,i1 while we journeyed thus1 
forbear    ,to turn from present        
hardships to the past1    ,and speak of 
war1 battle1 and pestilence1            
,sprinkling this talk with questions1   
better spared4    ,on what he might     
himself have seen or felt    ,he all the
 while was in demeanor calm4    ,concise
 in answer3 solemn and sublime    ,he   
might have seen1 but that in all he said
    ,there was a strange half-absence1  
as of one    ,knowing too well the      
importance of his theme    ,but feeling 
it no longer4 ,our discourse    ,soon   
ended1 and together on we passed    ,in 
silence through a wood gloomy and still4
    ,up-turning1 then1 along an open    
field1    ,we reached a cottage4 ,at the
 door ,i knocked4    ,and earnestly to  
charitable care    ,commended him as a  
poor friendless man1    ,belated and by 

sickness overcome4    ,assured that now 
the traveler would repose    ,in        
comfort1 ,i entreated that henceforth   
,he would not linger in the public ways1
    ,but ask for timely furtherance and 
help    ,such as his state required4 ,at
 this reproof1    ,with the same ghastly
 mildness in his look1    ,he said1 ,my 
trust is in the ,god of ,heaven1    ,and
 in the eye of him who passes me6       
,the cottage door was speedily unbarred1
    ,and now the soldier touched his hat
 once more    ,with his lean hand1 and  
in a faltering voice1    ,whose tone    
bespake reviving interests    ,till then
 unfelt1 he thanked me2 ,i returned     
,the farewell blessing of the patient   
man1    ,and so we parted4 ,back ,i cast
 a look1    ,and lingered near the door 
a little space1    ,then sought with    
quiet heart my distant home4            
,footnote #c3 ,in the press of ,appleton
  ,co4           99       99       99   
99       99      ,,the ,,ivory ,,mine3  
,a ,,tale ,,of ,,the ,,frozen ,,sea4    

99       99       99       99       99  
,,vi4--,,the ,,ivory ,,mine4    ,the end
 of so perilous and novel a journey1    
which must necessarily1  under the most 
favorable circumstances1 have produced  
more honor  than profit1 was attained2  
and yet the success of the adventure was
  doubtful4 ,the season was still too   
cold for any search for fossil  ivory1  
and the first serious duty was the      
erection of a winter  residence4        
,fortunately there was an ample supply  
of logs of wood1 some  half-rotten1 some
 green1 lying under the snow on the     
shores of the bay  into which the river 
poured1 and which had been deposited    
there by  the currents and waves4 ,a    
regular pile1 too1 was found1 which had 
been  laid up by some of the provident  
natives of ,new ,siberia1 who1 like  the
 ,esquimaux1 live in the snow4 ,under   
this was a large supply of  frozen fish1
 which was taken without ceremony1 the  
party being near  starvation4 ,of course
 ,sakalar and ,ivan intended replacing  

the hoard1  if possible1 in the short   
summer4    ,wood was made the groundwork
 of the winter hut which was to be      
erected1 but snow and ice formed by far 
the larger portion of the  building     
materials4 ,so hard and compact did the 
whole mass become when  finished1 and   
lined with bear-skins and other furs1   
that a huge lamp  sufficed for warmth   
during the day and night1 and the       
cooking was  done in a small shed by the
 side4 ,the dogs were now set to shift  
for  themselves as to cover1 and were   
soon buried in the snow4 ,they were     
placed on short allowance1 now they had 
no work to do1 for no one yet  knew what
 were the resources of this wild place4 
,as soon as the more immediate duties   
connected with a camp had been          
completed1 the whole party occupied     
themselves with preparing traps  for    
foxes1 and in other hunting details4 ,a 
hole was broken in the  ice in the bay1 
and this the ,kolimsk men watched with  
assiduity for  seals4 ,one or two       

rewarded their efforts1 but no fish were
 taken4  ,sakalar and ,ivan1 after a day
 or two of repose1 started with some    
carefully-selected dogs in search of    
game1 and soon found that the  great    
white bear took up his quarters even in 
that northern latitude4  ,they succeeded
 in killing several1 which the dogs     
dragged home4    ,about ten days after  
their arrival in the great island1      
,sakalar1 who  was always the first to  
be moving1 roused his comrades round him
 just  as a party of a dozen strange men
 appeared in the distance4 ,they were   
short1 stout fellows1 with long lances  
in their hands1 and by their  dress very
 much resembled the ,esquimaux4 ,their  
attitude was menacing  in the extreme1  
and by the advice of ,sakalar1 a general
 volley was  fired over their heads4    
,the invaders halted1 looked confusedly 
around1  and then ran away4 ,firearms   
retained4 therefore1 all their pristine 
qualities with these savages4    ,they  
will return1 said ,sakalar1 moodily2    

they did the same when  ,i was here     
before1 and then came back and killed my
 friend at night4  ,sakalar escaped4    
,counsel was now held1 and it was       
determined1 after due deliberation1     
that strict watch should be kept at all 
hours1 while much was  necessarily      
trusted to the dogs4 ,all day one of the
 party was on the  lookout1 while at    
night the hut had its entrance well     
barred4 ,several  days1 however1 were   
thus passed without molestation1 and    
then ,sakalar  took the ,kolimsk men out
 to hunt1 and left ,ivan and ,kolina    
together4  ,the young man had learned   
the value of his half-savage friend3 her
  devotion to her father and the party  
generally was unbounded4 ,she  murmured 
neither at privations nor at sufferings1
 and kept up the  courage of ,ivan by   
painting in glowing terms all his       
brilliant future4  ,she seemed to have  
laid aside her personal feelings1 and to
 look on  him only as one doing battle  
with fortune in the hope of earning the 

hand of the rich widow of ,yakoutsk4    
,but ,ivan was much disposed to  gloomy 
fits2 he supposed himself forgotten1 and
 slighted1 and looked  on the time of   
his probation as interminable4 ,it was  
in this mood that  one day he was roused
 from his fit by a challenge from       
,kolina to go  and see if the seals had 
come up to breathe at the hole which    
every  morning was freshly broken in the
 ice4 ,ivan assented1 and away they     
went gaily down to the bay4 ,no seals   
were there1 and after a short  stay they
 returned toward the hut1 recalled by   
the distant howling  of the dogs4 ,but  
as they came near1 they could see no    
sign of men or  animals1 though the     
sensible brutes still whined under the  
shelter  of their snow-heaps4 ,ivan1    
much surprised1 raised the curtain of   
the  door1 his gun in hand1 expecting to
 find that some animal was inside4  ,the
 lamp was out1 and the hut in total     
darkness4 ,before ,ivan could  recover  
his upright position1 four men leaped on

 him1 and he was a  prisoner4    ,kolina
 drew back1 and cocked her gun2 but the 
natives1 satisfied  with their present  
prey1 formed round ,ivan in a compact   
body1 tied  his hands1 and bade him     
walk4 ,their looks were sufficiently    
wild  and menacing to make him move1    
especially as he recognized them  as    
belonging to the warlike party of the   
,tchouktchas--a tribe of  ,siberians who
 wander about the ,polar ,seas in search
 of game1 who cross  ,behring's ,straits
 in skin-boats1 and who probably are the
 only persons  who by their temporary   
sojourn in ,new ,siberia1 have caused   
some to  suppose it inhabited4 ,kolina  
stood uncertain what to do1 but in a few
  minutes she roused four of the dogs1  
and followed4 ,ivan bawled to her  to go
 back1 but the girl paid no attention to
 his request1 determined1  as it seemed1
 to know his fate4    ,the savages      
hurried ,ivan along as rapidly as they  
could2 and soon  entered a deep and     
narrow ravine1 which about the middle   

parted into  two4 ,the narrowest path   
was selected1 and the dwelling of the   
natives  soon reached4 ,it was a cavern1
 the narrow entrance of which they      
crawled through2 ,ivan followed the     
leader1 and soon found himself in  a    
large and wonderful cave4 ,it was by    
nature divided into several             
compartments1 and contained a party of  
twenty men1 as many or more  women1 and 
numerous children4 ,it was warmed in two
 ways--by wood-fires  and grease-lamps1 
and by a bubbling semi-sulphurous       
spring1 that  rushed up through a narrow
 hole1 and then fell away into a deep   
well1  that carried its warm waters to  
mingle with the icy sea4 ,the acrid     
smoke escaped by holes in the roof4     
,ivan1 his arms and legs bound1 was     
thrust into a separate compartment      
filled with furs1 and formed by a       
projection of the rock and the          
skin-boats which this primitive race    
employed to cross the most stormy seas4 
,he was almost stunned2 he lay  for a   

while without thought or motion4        
,gradually he recovered1 and  gazed     
around2 all was night1 save above1 where
 by a narrow orifice  he saw the smoke  
which hung in clouds around the roof    
escaping4  ,he expected death4 ,he knew 
the savage race he was among1 who hated 
interference with their hunting-grounds1
 and whose fish he and his  party had   
taken4 ,what1 therefore1 was his        
surprise1 when from the  summit of the  
roof1 he heard a gentle voice whispering
 in soft accents  his own name4 ,his    
ears must1 he thought1 deceive him4 ,the
 hubbub close  at hand was terrible4 ,a 
dispute was going on4 ,men1 women4 and  
children  all joined1 and yet he had    
heard the word ,ivan4 ,kolina1 he       
replied1 in equally low but clear tones4
 ,as he spoke a knife rolled  near him4 
,but he could not touch it4 ,then a dark
 form filled the  orifice about a dozen 
feet above his head1 and something moved
 down  among projecting stones1 and then
 ,kolina stood by him4 ,in an instant   

,ivan was free1 and an axe in his hand4 
,the exit was before them4 ,steps  were 
cut in the rock1 to ascend to the upper 
entrance1 near which ,ivan  had been    
placed without fear1 because tied4 ,but 
a rush was heard1 and  the friends had  
only time to throw themselves deeper    
into the cave1  when four men rushed in1
 knife in hand1 to immolate the victim4 
,such  had been the decision come to    
after the debate4    ,the lamps revealed
 the escape of the fugitive4 ,a wild cry
 drew all the  men together1 and then up
 they scampered along the rugged        
projections1  and the barking of the    
dogs as they fled showed that they were 
in hot  and eager chase4 ,ivan and      
,kolina lost no time4 ,they advanced    
boldly1  knife and hatchet in hand1     
sprang amid the terrified women1 darted 
across their horrid cavern1 and before  
one of them had recovered from  her     
fright1 were in the open air4 ,on they  
ran in the gloom for some  distance1    
when they suddenly heard muttering      

voices4 ,down they sank  behind the     
first large stone1 concealing themselves
 as well as they  could in the snow4    
,the party moved slowly on toward them4 
,i can trace their tracks still1 said   
,sakalar1 in a low deep tone4  ,on1     
while they are alive1 or at least for   
vengeance6    ,friends6 cried ,ivan4    
,father6 said ,kolina1 and in an instant
 the whole party were united4  ,five    
words were enough to determine ,sakalar4
 ,the whole body rushed  back1 entered  
the cavern1 and found themselves masters
 of it without  a struggle4 ,the women  
and children attempted no resistance4   
,as soon  as they were placed in a      
corner1 under the guard of the ,kolimsk 
men1  a council was held4 ,sakalar1 as  
the most experienced1 decided what  was 
to be done4 ,he knew the value of       
threats3 one of the women was  released1
 and bade go tell the men what had      
occurred4 ,she was to add  the offer of 
a treaty of peace1 to which1 if both    
parties agreed1  the women were to be   

given up on the one side1 and the hut   
and its  contents on the other4 ,but the
 victors announced their intention  of  
taking four of the best-looking boys as 
hostages1 to be returned  whenever they 
were convinced of the good faith of the 
,tchouktchas4 ,the  envoy soon returned1
 agreeing to everything4 ,they had not  
gone near  the hut1 fearing an          
ambuscade4 ,the four boys were at once  
selected1  and the belligerents         
separated4    ,sakalar made the little  
fellows run before1 and thus the hut was
  regained4 ,an inner cabin was erected 
for the prisoners1 and the dogs  placed 
over them as spies4 ,but as the boys    
understood ,sakalar to mean  that the   
dogs were to eat them if they stirred1  
they remained still  enough1 and made no
 attempt to run away4    ,a hasty meal  
was now cooked1 and after its conclusion
 ,ivan related  the events of the day1  
warmly dilating on the devotion and     
courage of  ,kolina1 who1 with the      
keenness of a ,yakouta1 had found out   

his prison  by the smoke1 and had seen  
him on the ground despite the gloom4    
,sakalar then explained how1 on his     
return1 he had been terribly  alarmed1  
and had followed the trail on the snow4 
,after mutual  congratulations the whole
 party went to sleep4    ,the next      
morning early1 the mothers came humbly  
with provisions for  their children4    
,they received some trifling presents   
and were sent  away in delight4 ,about  
midday the whole tribe presented        
themselves  unarmed1 within a short     
distance of the hut1 and offered a      
traffic4  ,they brought a great quantity
 of fish1 which they wanted to exchange 
for tobacco4 ,sakalar1 who spoke their  
language freely1 first gave them  a     
roll1 letting them understand it was in 
payment of the fish taken  without      
leave4 ,this at once dissipated all     
feelings of hostility1 and  solid peace 
was insured4 ,so satisfied was ,sakalar 
of their sincerity1  that he at once    
released the captives4    ,from that day

 the two parties were one1 and all      
thoughts of war were  completely at an  
end4 ,a vast deal of bloodshed had been 
prevented by a  few concessions on both 
sides4 ,the same result might indeed    
have been  come to by killing half of   
each little tribe1 but it is doubtful if
  the peace would have been as          
satisfactory to the survivors4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,vii4--,,the ,,summer ,,and ,,autumn4  
,occupied with the chase1 with          
bartering1 and with conversing with     
their new friends1 the summer gradually 
came around4 ,the snow melted1  the     
hills became a series of cascades1 in   
every direction water  poured toward the
 sea4 ,but the hut remained solid and   
firm1 a little  earth only being cast   
over the snow4 ,flocks of ducks and     
geese soon  appeared1 a slight          
vegetation was visible1 and the sea was 
in motion4  ,but what principally drew  
all eyes were the vast heaps of fossil  
ivory  exposed to view on the banks of  

the stream1 laid bare more and more     
every year by the torrents of spring4 ,a
 few days sufficed to collect  a heap   
greater than they could take away on the
 sledges in a dozen  journeys4 ,ivan    
gazed at his treasure in mute despair4  
,were all that  at ,yakoutsk1 he was the
 richest merchant in ,siberia2 but to   
take it  thither seemed impossible4 ,but
 in stepped the adventurous             
,tchouktchas4  ,they offered1 for a     
stipulated sum in tobacco and other     
valuables1 to  land a large portion of  
the ivory at a certain spot on the      
shores of  ,siberia1 by means of their  
boats4 ,ivan1 though again surprised at 
the  daring of these wild men1 accepted 
the proposal1 and engaged to give  them 
his whole stock4 ,the matter was then   
settled1 and our adventurers  and their 
new friends dispersed to their summer   
avocations4    ,these consisted in      
fishing and hunting1 and repairing boats
 and  sledges4 ,their canoes were made  
of skins and whalebone1 and bits of     

wood2 but they were large1 and capable  
of sustaining great weight4  ,they      
proposed to start as soon as the ice was
 broken up1 and to brave  all the       
dangers of so fearful a navigation4     
,they were used to impel  themselves    
along in every open space1 and to take  
shelter on icebergs  from danger4 ,when 
one of these icy mountains went in the  
right  direction1 they stuck to it2 but 
at others they paddled away1 amid       
dangers of which they seemed wholly     
unconscious4    ,a month was taken up in
 fishing1 in drying the fish1 or in     
putting  it in holes where there was    
eternal frost4 ,an immense stock was    
laid  in3 and then one morning the      
,tchouktchas took their departure1 and  
the adventurers remained alone4 ,their  
hut was broken up1 and all made  ready  
for their second journey4 ,the sledges  
were enlarged1 to bear  the heaviest    
possible load at starting4 ,a few days' 
overloading were  not minded1 as the    
provisions would soon decrease4 ,still  

not half so  much could be taken as they
 wished1 and yet ,ivan had nearly a ton 
of  ivory1 and thirty tons was the      
greatest produce of any one year in all 
,siberia4    ,but the sledges were ready
 long before the sea was so4 ,the       
interval  was spent in continued        
hunting1 to prevent any consumption of  
the  traveling store4 ,all were heartily
 tired1 long before it was over1  of a  
day nearly as long as two ,english      
months4 ,soon the winter set in  with   
intense rigor2 the sea ceased to toss   
and heave2 the icebergs and  fields     
moved more and more slowly2 at last     
ocean and land were blended  into       
one--the night of a month came1 and the 
sun was seen no more4    ,the dogs were 
now roused up2 the sledges harnessed2   
and the instant  the sea was firm enough
 to sustain them1 the party started4    
,sakalar's  intention was to try forced 
marches in a straight line4 ,fortune    
favored them4 ,not an accident occurred 
for days4 ,at first they did not  move  

exactly in the same direction as when   
they came1 but they soon  found traces  
of their previous journey1 proving that 
a plain of ice  had been forced away at 
least fifty miles during the thaw4      
,the road was now again rugged and      
difficult1 firing was getting  scarce1  
the dogs were devouring the fish with   
rapidity1 and only one  half the        
ocean-journey was over4 ,but on they    
pushed with desperate  energy1 each eye 
once more keenly on the look-out for    
game4 ,every one  drove his team in     
sullen silence1 for all were on short   
allowance1 and  all were hungry4 ,they  
sat on what was to them more valuable   
than gold1  and yet they had not what   
was necessary for subsistence4 ,the dogs
 were  urged every day to the utmost    
limits of their strength4 ,but so much  
space had been taken up by the ivory1   
that at last there remained  neither    
food nor fuel4 ,none knew at what       
distance they were from the  shore1 and 
their position seemed desperate4 ,there 

were even whispers  of killing some of  
the dogs2 and ,sakalar and ,ivan were   
upbraided for  the avarice which had    
brought them to such straits4    ,see6  
said the old hunter suddenly1 with a    
delighted smile1 pointing  toward the   
south4    ,the whole party looked       
eagerly4 ,a thick column of smoke rose  
in the  air at no very considerable     
distance4 ,this was the signal agreed on
  with the ,tchouktchas1 who were to    
camp where there was plenty of wood4    
,every hand was raised to urge on the   
dogs to this point1 and at last1  from  
the summit of a hill of ice they saw the
 shore and the blaze of  the fire4 ,the 
wind was toward them1 and the atmosphere
 heavy4 ,the dogs  smelled the distant  
camp1 and darted almost recklessly      
forward4 ,at  last they sank near to the
 ,tchouktcha huts1 panting and          
exhausted4    ,their allies of the      
spring were true2 they gave them food1  
of  which both man and beast ate        
greedily1 and then sought repose4 ,the  

,tchouktchas had then formed their      
journey with wonderful success and      
rapidity1 and had found time to lay in a
 pretty fair stock of fish4  ,this they 
freely shared with ,ivan and his party1 
and were delighted  when he abandoned to
 them all his tobacco and rum1 and part 
of his  tea4    ,the ,tchouktchas had   
been four years absent in their         
wanderings1 and  were eager to get home 
once more to the land of the reindeer1  
and to  their friends4 ,they were       
perhaps the greatest travelers of a     
tribe  noted for its facility of        
locomotion4 ,and so1 with warm          
expressions  of esteem and friendship on
 both sides1 the two parties            
separated--the  men of the east making  
their way on foot1 toward the ,straits  
of  ,behring4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,,viii4--,,the  
,,voyage ,,home4    ,under considerable 
disadvantages did ,sakalar1 ,ivan1 and  
their friends  prepare for the          
conclusion of their journey4 ,their     

provisions were  very scanty1 and their 
only hope of replenishing their stores  
was on  the banks of the ,vchivaya      
,river1 which being in some places      
pretty  rapid might not be frozen over4 
,sakalar and his friends determined to  
strike out in a straight line4 ,part of 
the ivory had to be concealed  and      
abandoned1 to be fetched another time2  
but as their stock of  provisions was so
 small1 they were able to take the      
principal part4 ,it  had been resolved1 
after some debate1 to make in a direct  
line for the  ,vchivaya river1 and      
thence to ,vijnei-,kolimsk4 ,the road   
was of a most  difficult1 and1 in part1 
unknown character2 but it was imperative
 to  move in as straight a direction as 
possible4 ,time was the great enemy     
they had to contend with1 because their 
provisions were sufficient for  a       
limited period only4    ,the country was
 at first level enough1 and the dogs1   
after their  rest1 made sufficiently    
rapid progress4 ,at night they had      

reached the  commencement of a hilly    
region1 while in the distance could be  
seen  pretty lofty mountains4 ,according
 to a plan decided on from the first1   
the human members of the party were     
placed at once on short allowance1      
while the dogs received as much food as 
could be reasonably given4  ,at early   
dawn the tent was struck1 and the dogs  
were impelled along  the banks of a     
small river completely frozen4 ,indeed1 
after a short  distance1 it was taken as
 the smoothest path4 ,but at the end of 
a  dozen miles they found themselves in 
a narrow gorge between two  hills2 at   
the foot of a once foaming cataract1 now
 hard frozen4 ,it  was necessary to     
retreat some miles1 and gain the land   
once more4 ,the  only path which was now
 found practicable was along the bottom 
of some  pretty steep rocks4 ,but the   
track got narrower and narrower1 until  
the  dogs were drawing along the edge of
 a terrific precipice with not four     
feet of holding4 ,all alighted1 and led 

the dogs1 for a false step was  death4  
,fortunately the path became no         
narrower1 and in one place it  widened  
out and made a sort of hollow4 ,here a  
bitter blast1 almost  strong enough to  
cast them from their feet1 checked      
further progress1  and on that naked    
spot1 under a projecting mass of stone1 
without  fire1 did the whole party halt4
 ,men and dogs huddled together for     
warmth1 and all dined on raw and frozen 
fish4 ,a few hours of sleep1  however1  
were snatched2 and then1 as the storm   
abated1 they again  advanced4 ,the      
descent was soon reached1 and led into a
 vast plain  without tree or bush4 ,a   
range of snow-clad hills lay before     
them1 and  through a narrow gully       
between two mountains was the only      
practicable  pathway4 ,but all hearts   
were gladdened by the welcome sight of  
some  argali1 or ,siberian sheep1 on the
 slope of a hill4 ,these animals are    
the only winter game1 bears1 and wolves 
excepted4 ,kolina was left with  the    

dogs1 and the rest started after the    
animals1 which were pawing in  the snow 
for some moss or half-frozen herbs4     
,every caution was used  to approach    
them against the wind1 and a general    
volley soon sent them  scampering away  
to the mountain-tops1 leaving three     
behind4    ,but ,ivan saw that he had   
wounded another1 and away he went in    
chase4  ,the animal ascended a hill1 and
 then halted4 ,but seeing a man coming  
quickly after him1 it turned and fled   
down the opposite side4 ,ivan was       
instantly after him4 ,the descent was   
steep1 but the hunter saw only  the     
argili1 and darted down4 ,he slid rather
 than ran with fearful  rapidity1 and   
passed the sheep by1 seeking to check   
himself too late4  ,a tremendous gulf   
was before him1 and his eyes caught an  
instant  glance of a deep distant       
valley4 ,then he saw no more until he   
found  himself lying still4 ,he had     
sunk1 on the very brink of the          
precipice1  into a deep snow bank formed

 by some projecting rock1 and had only  
thus been saved from instant death4     
,deeply grateful1 ,ivan crept           
cautiously up the hill-side1 though not 
without his prize1 and  rejoined his    
companions4    ,the road now offered    
innumerable difficulties1 it was rough  
and  uneven--now hard1 now soft4 ,they  
made but slow progress for the next     
three days1 while their provisions began
 to draw to an end4 ,they had  at least 
a dozen days more before them4 ,all     
agreed that they were now  in the very  
worst difficulty they had been in4 ,that
 evening they dined  on the last meal of
 mutton and fish2 they were at the foot 
of a lofty  hill1 which they determined 
to ascend while strength was left4 ,the 
dogs were urged up the steep ascent1 and
 after two hours' toil1 they  reached   
the summit4 ,it was a table-land1 bleak 
and miserable1 and the  wind was too    
severe to permit camping4 ,on they      
pushed1 and camped a  little way down   
its sides4    ,the next morning the dogs

 had no food1 while the men had nothing 
but  large draughts of warm tea4 ,but it
 was impossible to stop4 ,away they     
hurried1 after deciding that1 if nothing
 turned up the next morning1  two or    
three of the dogs must be killed to save
 the rest4 ,little was  the ground they 
got over1 with hungry beasts and        
starving men1 and  all were glad to halt
 near a few dried larches4 ,men and dogs
 eyed each  other suspiciously1 ,the    
animals1 sixty-four in number1 had they 
not  been educated to fear man1 would   
have soon settled the matter4 ,but      
there they lay1 panting and faint--to   
start up suddenly with a fearful  howl4 
,a bear was on them4 ,sakalar fired1 and
 then in rushed the dogs1  savage and   
fierce4 ,it was worse than useless1 it  
was dangerous1 for  the human beings of 
the party to seek to share this         
windfall4 ,it was  enough that the dogs 
had found something to appease their    
hunger4    ,sakalar1 however1 knew that 
his faint and weary companions could not

  move the next day if tea alone were   
their sustenance that night4 ,he        
accordingly put in practice one of the  
devices of his woodcraft4 ,the  youngest
 of the larches was cut down1 and the   
coarse outside bark was  taken off4     
,then every atom of the soft bark was   
peeled off the tree1  and being broken  
into small pieces1 was cast into the    
boiling pot1  already full of water4    
,the quantity was great1 and made a     
thick  substance4 ,round this the whole 
party collected1 eager for the moment   
when they could fall to4 ,but ,sakalar  
was cool and methodical even in  that   
terrible hour4 ,he took a spoon1 and    
quietly skimmed the pot1  to take away  
the resin that rose to the surface4     
,then gradually the  bark melted away1  
and presently the pot was filled by a   
thick paste1  and looked not unlike     
glue4 ,all gladly ate1 and found it     
nutritive1  pleasant1 and warm4 ,they   
felt satisfied when the meal was over1  
and  were glad to observe that the dogs 

returned to the camp completely         
satisfied also1 which1 under the        
circumstances1 was matter of great      
gratification4    ,in the morning1 after
 another mess of larch-bark soup1 and   
after a  little tea1 the adventurers    
again advanced on their journey4 ,they  
were  now in an arid1 bleak1 and        
terrible plain of vast extent4 ,not a   
tree1  not a shrub1 not an elevation was
 to be seen4 ,starvation was again      
staring them in the face1 and no man    
knew when this dreadful plain  would    
end4 ,that night the whole party cowered
 in their tent without  fire1 content to
 chew a few tea-leaves preserved from   
the last meal4  ,serious thoughts were  
now entertained of abandoning their     
wealth in  that wild region4 ,but as    
none pressed the matter very hardly1 the
  ledges were harnessed again next      
morning1 and the dogs driven on4 ,but   
man and beast were at the last gasp1 and
 not ten miles were traversed  that day1
 the end of which brought them to a     

large river1 on the  borders of which   
were some trees4 ,being wide and rapid1 
it was not  frozen1 and there was still 
hope1 ,the seine was drawn from a       
sledge1  and taken into the water4 ,it  
was fastened from one side to another of
  a narrow gut1 and there left4 ,it was 
of no avail examining it until  morning1
 for the fish only come out at night4   
,there was not a man of the party who   
had his exact sense about him1  while   
the dogs lay panting on the snow1 their 
tongues hanging out1  their eyes glaring
 with almost savage fury4 ,the trees    
round the bank  were large and dry1 and 
not one had an atom of soft bark on it4 
,all  the resource they had was to drink
 huge draughts of tea1 and then  seek   
sleep4 ,sakalar set the example1 and the
 ,kolimsk men1 to whom such  scenes were
 not new1 followed his advice2 but ,ivan
 walked up and down  before the tent4 ,a
 huge fire had been made1 which was     
amply fed by the  wood of the river     
bank1 and it blazed on high1 showing in 

bold relief  the features of the scene4 
,ivan gazed vacantly at everything2 but 
he  saw not the dark and glancing       
river--he saw not the bleak plain of    
snow--his eyes looked not on the        
romantic picture of the tent and its    
bivouac-fire3 his thoughts were on one  
thing alone4 ,he it was who  had brought
 them to that pass1 and on his head     
rested all the misery  endured by man   
and beast1 and1 worst of all1 by the    
good and devoted  ,kolina4    ,there she
 sat1 too1 on the ground1 wrapped in her
 warm clothes1 her  eyes1 fixed on the  
crackling logs4 ,of what was she        
thinking8 ,whatever  occupied her mind1 
it was soon chased away by the sudden   
speech  of ,ivan4 ,kolina1 said he1 in a
 tone which borrowed a little of        
intensity from the state of mind in     
which hunger had placed all of  them1   
canst thou ever forgive me8    ,what8   
replied the young girl softly4    ,my   
having brought you here to die1 far away
 from your native hills8    ,kolina     

cares little for herself1 said the      
,yakouta maiden1 rising and  speaking   
perhaps a little wildly2 let her father 
escape1 and she is  willing to lie near 
the tombs of the old people on the      
borders of the  icy sea4    ,but ,ivan  
had hoped to see for ,kolina many       
bright1 happy days2 for  ,ivan would    
have made her father rich1 and ,kolina  
would have been the  richest unmarried  
girl in the plain of ,miour6    ,and    
would riches make ,kolina happy8 said   
she sadly4    ,young girl of the        
,yakouta1 hearken to me6 ,let ,ivan live
 or die this  hour2 ,ivan is a fool4 ,he
 left home and comfort to cross the icy 
seas  in search of wealth1 and to gain  
happiness2 but if he had only had  eyes1
 he would have stopped at ,miour4 ,there
 he saw a girl1 lively as  the          
heaven-fire in the north1 good1         
generous1 kind2 and she was an old      
friend1 and might have loved ,ivan2 but 
the man of ,yakoutsk was blind1  and    
told her of his passion for a selfish   

widow1 and the ,yakouta  maiden never   
thought of ,ivan but as a brother6      
,what means ,ivan8 asked ,kolina1       
trembling with emotion4    ,ivan has    
long meant1 when he came to the yourte  
of ,sakalar1 to lay  his wealth at his  
feet1 and beg of his old friend to give 
him his  child3 but ,ivan now fears that
 he may die1 and wishes to know what    
would have been the answer of ,kolina8  
,but ,maria ,vorotinska8 urged the girl1
 who seemed dreaming4    ,has long been 
forgotten4 ,how could ,i not love my old
 playmate and  friend6 ,kolina--,kolina1
 listen to ,ivan6 ,forget his love for  
the widow  of ,yakoutsk1 and ,ivan will 
stay in the plain of ,vchivaya and die4 
,kolina is very proud1 whispered the    
girl1 sitting down on a log near  the   
fire1 and speaking in a low tone2 and   
,kolina thinks yet that the  friend of  
her father has forgotten himself4 ,but  
if he be not wild1 if  the sufferings of
 the journey have not made him say that 
which is not1  ,kolina would be very    

happy4    ,be plain1 girl of            
,miour--maiden of the ,yakouta tribe6   
and play not  with the heart of a man4  
,can ,kolina take ,ivan as her husband8 
,a frank and happy reply gave the       
,yakoutsk merchant all the  satisfaction
 he could wish2 and then followed       
several hours of those  sweet and       
delightful explanations which never end 
between young lovers  when first they   
have acknowledged their mutual          
affection4 ,they had  hitherto concealed
 so much1 that there was much to tell2  
and ,ivan  and ,kolina1 who for nearly  
three years had lived together1 with a  
bar  between their deep but concealed   
affection1 seemed to have no end of     
words4 ,ivan had begun to find his      
feelings change from the very hour      
,sakalar's daughter volunteered to      
accompany him1 but it was only in  the  
cave of ,new ,siberia that his heart had
 been completely won4    ,so short1 and 
quiet1 and sweet were the hours1 that   
the time of rest  passed by without the 

thought of sleep4 ,suddenly1 however1   
they were  roused to a sense of their   
situation1 and leaving their wearied and
  exhausted companions still asleep1    
they moved with doubt and dread to  the 
water's side4 ,life was now doubly dear 
to both1 and their fancy  painted the   
coming forth of an empty net as the     
termination of all  hope4 ,but the net  
came heavily and slowly to land4 ,it was
 full of  fish4 ,they were on the       
well-stocked ,vchivaya4 ,more than three
 hundred  fish1 small and great1 were   
drawn on shore2 and then they recast the
  net4    ,up1 man and beast6 thundered 
,ivan1 as1 after selecting two dozen of 
the finest1 he abandoned the rest to the
 dogs4    ,the animals1 faint and weary1
 greedily seized on the food given them1
  while ,sakalar and the ,kolimsk men   
could scarcely believe their senses4    
,the hot coals were at once brought into
 requisition1 and the party  were soon  
regaling themselves on a splendid meal  
of tea and broiled  fish4 ,i should     

alarm my readers did ,i record the      
quantities eaten4 ,an  hour later1 every
 individual was a changed being1 but    
most of all the  lovers4 ,despite their 
want of rest1 they looked fresher than  
any of  the party4 ,it was determined to
 camp at least twenty hours more in     
that spot2 and the ,kolimsk men declared
 that the river must be the  ,vchivaya1 
they could draw the seine all day1 for  
the river was deep1  its waters warmer  
than others1 and its abundance of fish  
such as to  border on the fabulous4     
,they went accordingly down to the side 
of  the stream1 and then the happy      
,kolina gave free vent to her joy4  ,she
 burst out into a song of her native    
land1 and gave way to some              
demonstrations of delight1 the result of
 her earlier education1 that  astonished
 ,sakalar4 ,but when he heard that      
during that dreadful night  he had found
 a son1 ,sakalar himself almost lost his
 reason4 ,the old  man loved ,ivan      
almost as much as his own child1 and    

when he saw the  youth in his yourte on 
his hunting trips1 had formed some      
project of  the kind now brought about2 
but the confessions of ,ivan on his last
  visit to ,miour had driven all such   
thoughts away4    ,art in earnest1      
,ivan8 said he1 after a pause of some   
duration4    ,in earnest6 exclaimed     
,ivan1 laughing2 why1 ,i fancy the young
 men of  ,miour will find me so1 if they
 seek to question my right to ,kolina6  
,kolina smiled1 and looked happy2 and   
the old hunter heartily blessed  his    
children1 adding that the proudest1     
dearest hope of his heart was  now      
within probable realization4    ,the    
predictions of the ,kolimsk men were    
realized4 ,the river gave them  as much 
fish as they needed for their journey   
home2 and as now ,sakalar  knew his way1
 there was little fear for the future4  
,an ample stock was  piled on the       
sledges1 the dogs had unlimited feeding 
for two days1 and  then away they sped  
toward an upper part of the river1      

which1 being  broad and shallow1 was no 
doubt frozen on the surface4 ,they found
 it  as they expected1 and even         
discovered that the river was gradually 
freezing all the way down4 ,but little  
caring for this now1 on they  went1 and 
after considerable fatigue and some     
delay1 arrived at  ,kolimsk1 to the     
utter astonishment of all the           
inhabitants1 who had  long given them up
 for lost4    ,great rejoicings took    
place4 ,the friends of the three        
,kolimsk men  gave a grand festival1 in 
which the rum1 and tobacco1 and tea1    
which  had been left at the place for   
payment for their journey1 played  a    
conspicuous part4 ,then1 as it was      
necessary to remain here some  time1    
while the ivory was brought from a      
deposit near the sea1  ,ivan and ,kolina
 were married4 ,neither of them seemed  
to credit the  circumstance1 even when  
fast tied by the ,russian church4 ,it   
had come  so suddenly1 so unexpectedly  
on both1 that their heads could not     

quite  make the affair out4 ,but they   
were married in right down earnest1 and 
,kolina was a proud and happy woman4    
,the enormous mass of ivory brought  to 
,kolimsk excited the attention of a     
distinguished exile1 who drew  up a     
statement in ,ivan's name1 and prepared 
it for transmission to the  ,white      
,czar1 as the emperor is called in these
 parts4    ,when summer came1 the young 
couple1 with ,sakalar and a caravan of  
merchants1 started for ,yakoutsk1 ,ivan 
being by far the richest and  most      
important member of the party4 ,after a 
single day's halt at  ,miour1 on they   
went to the town1 and made their        
triumphal entry in  ,september4 ,ivan   
found ,maria ,vorotinska a wife and     
mother1 and his  vanity was not much    
wounded by the falsehood4 ,the ci-devant
 widow  was a little astonished at      
,ivan's return1 and particularly at his 
treasure of ivory3 but she received his 
wife with politeness1 a little  tempered
 by her sense of her own superiority to 

a savage1 as she  designated ,kolina to 
her friends in a whisper4 ,but ,kolina  
was so  gentle1 so pretty1 so good1 so  
cheerful1 so happy1 that she found her  
party at once1 and the two ladies became
 rival leaders of the fashion4    ,this 
lasted until the next year1 when a      
messenger from the capital  brought a   
letter to ,ivan from the emperor        
himself1 thanking him for  his          
narrative1 sending him a rich present1  
his warm approval1 and the  office of   
first civil magistrate in the city of   
,yakoutsk4 ,this turned  the scales     
wholly on one side1 and ,maria bowed low
 to ,kolina4 ,but  ,kolina had no       
feelings of the parvenu1 and she was    
always a general  favorite4 ,ivan       
accepted with pride his sovereign's     
favor1 and by  dint of assiduity1 soon  
learned to be a useful magistrate4 ,he  
always  remained a good husband1 a good 
father1 and a good son1 for he made  the
 heart of old ,sakalar glad4 ,he never  
regretted his journey3 he  always       

declared he owed to it wealth and       
happiness1 a high position in  society1 
and an admirable wife4 ,great rejoicings
 took place many years  after in        
,yakoutsk1 at the marriage of the son of
 ,maria1 united to  the daughter of     
,ivan1 and from the first unto the last1
 none of the  parties concerned ever had
 reason to mourn over the perilous      
journey  in search of the ,ivory ,mine4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,for the information of the             
non-scientific1 it may be necessary to  
mention that the ivory alluded to in the
 preceding tale1 is derived  from the   
tusks of the mammoth1 or fossil elephant
 of the geologist4  ,the remains of this
 gigantic quadruped are found all over  
the northern  hemisphere1 from the #djth
 to the #geth degree of latitude3 but   
most  abundantly in the region which    
lies between the mountains of ,central  
,asia and the shores and islands of the 
,frozen ,sea4 ,so profusely do  they    
exist in this region1 that the tusks    

have for more than a century            
constituted an important article of     
traffic--furnishing a large  proportion 
of the ivory required by the carver and 
turner4 ,the remains  lie imbedded in   
the upper tertiary clays and gravels2   
and these1 by  exposure to the          
river-currents1 to the waves of the sea1
 and other  erosive agencies1 are       
frequently swept away during the thaws  
of  summer1 leaving tusks and bones in  
masses1 and occasionally even  entire   
skeletons1 in a wonderful state of      
preservation4 ,the most  perfect        
specimen yet obtained1 and from the     
study of which the  zoologist has been  
enabled to arrive at an accurate        
knowledge of the  structure and habits  
of the mammoth1 is that discovered by a 
,tungusian  fisherman1 near the mouth of
 the river ,lena1 in the summer of      
#agii4    ,being in the habit of        
collecting tusks among the debris of the
  gravel-cliffs1 7for it is generally at
 a considerable elevation in the  cliffs

 and river banks that the remains       
occur17 he observed a strange  shapeless
 mass projecting from an ice-bank some  
fifty or sixty feet  above the river2   
during next summer's thaw he saw the    
same object1  rather more disengaged    
from amongst the ice2 in #ahja he could 
distinctly perceive the tusk and flank  
of an immense animal2 and in  #ahjc1 in 
consequence of an earlier and more      
powerful thaw1 the huge  carcase became 
entirely disengaged1 and fell on the    
sandbank beneath4  ,in the spring of the
 following year the fisherman cut off   
the tusks1  which he sold for fifty     
rubles 7#g1 #ajs427 and two years       
afterward1  our countryman1 ,mr4 ,adams1
 visited the spot1 and gives the        
following  account of the extraordinary 
phenomenon3    ,at this time ,i found   
the mammoth still in the same place1 but
  altogether mutilated4 ,the discoverer 
was contented with his profit  for the  
tusks1 and the ,yakoutski of the        
neighborhood had cut off  the flesh1    

with which they fed their dogs4 ,during 
the scarcity1 wild  beasts1 such as     
white bears1 wolves1 wolverines1 and    
foxes1 also  fed upon it1 and the traces
 of their footsteps were seen around4   
,the  skeleton1 almost entirely cleared 
of its flesh1 remained whole1 with  the 
exception of a foreleg4 ,the head was   
covered with a dry skin2  one of the    
ears1 well preserved1 was furnished with
 a tuft of hair4  ,all these parts have 
necessarily been injured in transporting
 them a  distance of #g1ccj miles1 7to  
the ,imperial museum of ,st4            
,petersburgh17  but the eyes have been  
preserved1 and the pupil of one can     
still be  distinguished4 ,the mammoth   
was a male1 with a long mane on the     
neck4  ,the tail and proboscis were not 
preserved4 ,the skin1 of which ,i       
possess three-fourths1 is of a dark-gray
 color1 covered with a reddish  wool and
 black hairs3 but the dampness of the   
spot where it had lain  so long had in  
some degree destroyed the hair4 ,the    

entire carcase1  of which ,i collected  
the bones on the spot1 was nine feet    
four inches  high1 and sixteen feet four
 inches long1 without including the     
tusks1  which measured nine feet six    
inches along the curve4 ,the distance   
from  the base or root of the tusk to   
the point is three feet seven inches4   
,the two tusks together weighed three   
hundred and sixty pounds1 ,english      
weight1 and the head alone four hundred 
and fourteen pounds4 ,the skin  was of  
such weight that it required ten persons
 to transport it to  the shore2 and     
after having cleared the ground1 upward 
of thirty-six  pounds of hair were      
collected1 which the white bears had    
trodden while  devouring the flesh4     
,since then1 other carcases of elephants
 have been discovered1 in  a greater or 
less degree of preservation2 as also the
 remains of  rhinoceroses1 mastodons1   
and allied pachyderms--the mammoth more 
abundantly in the old world1 the        
mastodon in the new4 ,in every case     

these animals differ from existing      
species3 are of more gigantic           
dimensions2 and1 judging from their     
natural coverings of thick-set          
curly-crisped wool and strong hair1     
upward of a foot in length1 were  fitted
 to live1 if not in a boreal1 at least  
in a coldly-temperate  region4 ,indeed1 
there is proof positive of the then more
 milder  climate of these regions in the
 discovery of pine and birch-trunks     
where no vegetation now flourishes2 and 
further1 in the fact that  fragments of 
pine-leaves1 birch-twigs1 and other     
northern plants1 have  been detected    
between the grinders and within the     
stomachs of these  animals4 ,we have    
thus evidence1 that at the close of the 
tertiary1  and shortly after the        
commencement of the current epoch1 the  
northern  hemisphere enjoyed a much     
milder climate2 that it was the abode of
  huge pachyderms now extinct2 that a   
different distribution of sea  and land 
prevailed2 and that on a new            

distribution or sea and land1           
accompanied also by a different relative
 level1 these animals died  away1       
leaving their remains imbedded in the   
clays1 gravels1 and other  alluvial     
deposits1 where1 under the antiseptic   
influence of an almost  eternal frost1  
many of them have been preserved as     
entire as at the  fatal moment they sank
 under the rigors of external conditions
 no  longer fitted for their existence4 
,it has been attempted by some to  prove
 the adaptability of these animals to   
the present conditions  of the northern 
hemisphere2 but so untenable in every   
phase is this  opinion1 that it would be
 sheer waste of time and space to       
attempt its  refutation4 ,that they may 
have migrated northward and southward   
with  the seasons is more than probable1
 though it has been stated that the     
remains diminish in size the farther    
north they are found2 but that  numerous
 herds of such huge animals should have 
existed in these  regions at all1 and   

that for thousands of years1 presupposes
 an  exuberant arboreal vegetation1 and 
the necessary degree of climate for  its
 growth and development4 ,it has been   
mentioned that the mastodon  and mammoth
 seem to have attained their meridian   
toward the close of  the tertiary epoch1
 and that a few may have lived even in  
the current  era2 but it is more        
probable that the commencement of       
existing  conditions was the proximate  
cause of their extinction1 and that not 
a solitary specimen ever lived to be the
 contemporary of man4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,,from 
,,fraser',s ,,magazine4    ,,english    
,,hexameters4    ,,by ,,walter ,,savage 
,,landor4      ,askest thou if in my    
youth ,i have mounted1 as others have   
mounted1    ,galloping ,hexameter1      
,pentameter cantering after1    ,english
 by dam and by sire2 bit1 bridle1 and   
saddlery1 ,english2    ,english the     
girths and the shoes2 all ,english from 
snaffle to crupper2    ,everything      

,english around1 excepting the tune of  
the jockey8    ,latin and ,greek1 it is 
true1 ,i have often attach'd to my      
phaeton    ,early in life1 and sometimes
 have ,i ordered them out in its        
evening1    ,dusting the linings1 and   
pleas'd to have found them unworn and   
untarnisht4    ,idle6 but ,idleness     
looks never better than close upon      
sunset4    ,seldom my goosequill1 of    
goose from ,germany1 fatted in ,england1
    7,frolicksome though ,i have been7  
have ,i tried on ,hexameter1 knowing    
,latin and ,greek are alone its         
languages4 ,we have a measure           
,fashion'd by ,milton's own hand1 a     
fuller1 a deeper1 a louder4    ,germans 
may flounder at will over consonant1    
vowel1 and liquid1    ,liquid and vowel 
but one to a dozen of consonants1 ending
    ,each with a verb at the tail1 tail 
heavy as ,african ram's tail1           
,spenser and ,shakspeare had each his   
own harmony2 each an enchanter          
,wanting no aid from without4 ,chevy    

,chase had delighted their fathers1     
,though of a different strain from the  
song on the ,wrath of ,achilles4        
,southey was fain to pour forth his     
exuberant stream over regions    ,near  
and remote3 his command was absolute2   
every subject1    ,little or great1 he  
controll'd2 in language1 variety1 fancy1
    ,richer than all his compeers and   
wanton but once in dominion2    ',twas  
when he left the full well that for ages
 had run by his homestead1    ,pushing  
the brambles aside which encumber'd     
another up higher1    ,letting his      
bucket go down1 and hearing it bump in  
descending1    ,grating against the     
loose stones 'til it came but half-full 
from the bottom4    ,others abstain'd   
from the task4 ,scott wander'd at large 
over ,scotland2    ,reckless of ,roman  
and ,greek1 he chanted the ,lay of the  
,minstrel    ,better than ever before   
any minstrel in chamber had chanted4    
,never on mountain or wild hath echo so 
cheerfully sounded1    ,never did       

monarch bestow such glorious meeds upon 
knighthood1    ,never had monarch the   
power1 liberality1 justice1 discretion4 
,byron liked new-papered rooms1 and     
pull'd down old wainscot of cedar2      
,bright-color'd prints he preferr'd to  
the graver cartoons of a ,raphael1      
,sailor and ,turk 7with a sack17 to     
,eginate and ,parthenon marbles1        
,splendid the palace he rais'd--the     
gin-palace in ,poesy's purlieus2        
,soft the divan on the sides1 with      
spittoons for the qualmish and queesy4  
,wordsworth1 well pleas'd with himself1 
cared little for modern or ancient4     
,his was the moor and the tarn1 the     
recess in the mountain1 the woodland    
,scatter'd with trees far and wide1     
trees never too solemn or lofty1        
,never entangled with plants overrunning
 the villager's foot-path4    ,equable  
was he and plain1 but wandering a little
 in wisdom1    ,sometimes flying from   
blood and sometimes pouring it freely4  
,yet he was ,english at heart4 ,if his  

words were too many2 if ,fancy's        
,furniture lookt rather scant in a      
whitewasht homely apartment2    ,if in  
his rural designs there is sameness and 
tameness2 if often    ,feebleness is    
there for breadth2 if his pencil wants  
rounding and pointing2    ,few of this  
age or the last stand out on the like   
elevation4    ,there is a sheepfold he  
rais'd which my memory loves to revisit1
    ,sheepfold whose wall shall endure  
when there is not a stone of the palace4
    ,still there are walking on earth   
many poets whom ages hereafter    ,will 
be more willing to praise than they are 
to praise one another3    ,some do ,i   
know1 but ,i fear1 as is meet1 to       
recount or report them1    ,for1 be     
whatever the name that is foremost1 the 
next will run over1    ,trampling and   
rolling in dust his excellent friend the
 precursor4    ,peace be with all6 but  
afar be ambition to follow the ,roman1  
,led by the ,german1 uncomb'd1 and      
jigging in dactyl and spondee1          

,lumbering shapeless jackboots which    
nothing can polish or supple4    ,much  
as old metres delight me1 'tis only     
where first they were nurtured1    ,in  
their own clime1 their own speech3 than 
pamper them here ,i would rather    ,tie
 up my ,pegasus tight to the scanty-fed 
rack of a sonnet4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,,from          
,,household ,,words4    ,a ,,mightier   
,,hunter ,,than ,,nimrod4    ,a great   
deal has been said about the prowess of 
,nimrod1 in connection  with the chase1 
from the days of him of ,babylon to     
those of the late  ,mr4 ,apperley of    
,shropshire2 but we question whether1   
among all the  sporting characters      
mentioned in ancient or modern story1   
there ever  was so mighty a hunter as   
the gentleman whose sporting calendar   
now lies before us4#d ,the annals of the
 chase1 so far as we are  acquainted    
with them1 supply no such instances of  
familiar intimacy  with lions1          
elephants1 hippopotami1 rhinoceroses1   

serpents1  crocodiles1 and other furious
 animals1 with which the human species  
in general is not very forward in       
cultivating an acquaintance4            
,footnote #d3 ,a ,hunter's ,life in     
,south ,africa4 ,by ,r4 ,gordon         
,cumming1  ,esq41 of ,altyre4    ,mr4   
,cumming had exhausted the deer-forests 
of his native ,scotland2  he had sighed 
for the rolling prairies and rocky      
mountains of the ,far  ,west1 and was   
tied down to military routine as a      
mounted rifleman in  the ,cape ,colony2 
when he determined to resign his        
commission into the  hands of           
,government1 and himself to the delights
 of hunting amid the  untrodden plains  
and forests of ,south ,africa4 ,having  
provided himself  with wagons to travel 
and live in1 with bullocks to draw them1
 and  with a host of attendants2 a      
sufficiency of arms1 horses1 dogs1 and  
ammunition1 he set out from             
,graham's-,town in ,october1 #ahdc4     
,from that  period his hunting          

adventures extended over five years1    
during which  time he penetrated from   
various points and in various directions
 from  his starting-place in lat4 #cc   
down to lat4 #bj1 and passed through    
districts upon which no ,european foot  
ever before trod2 regions where  the    
wildest of wild animals abound--nothing 
less serving ,mr4 ,cumming's  ardent    
purpose4    ,a lion story in the early  
part of his book will introduce this    
fearless hunter-author to our readers   
better than the most elaborate          
dissection of his character4 ,he is     
approaching ,colesberg1 the             
northernmost military station belonging 
to the ,cape ,colony4 ,he is on  a      
trusty steed1 which he calls also       
,colesberg4 ,two of his attendants  on  
horseback are with him4 ,suddenly1 says 
the author1 ,i observed  a number of    
vultures seated on the plain about a    
quarter of a mile  ahead of us1 and     
close beside them stood a huge lioness1 
consuming  a blesblok which she had     

killed4 ,she was assisted in her repast 
by  about a dozen jackals1 which were   
feasting along with her in the most     
friendly and confidential manner4       
,directing my followers' attention to   
the spot1 ,i remarked1 ',i see the      
lion2' to which they replied1 ',whar8   
whar8 ,yah6 ,almagtig6 dat is he2' and  
instantly reining in their steeds  and  
wheeling about1 they pressed their heels
 to their horses' sides1  and were      
preparing to betake themselves to       
flight4 ,i asked them what  they were   
going to do8 ,to which they answered1   
',we have not yet placed  caps on our   
rifles4' ,this was true2 but while this 
short conversation  was passing1 the    
lioness had observed us4 ,raising her   
full round  face1 she overhauled us for 
a few seconds1 and then set off at a    
smart  canter toward a range of         
mountains some miles to the northward2  
the  whole troop of jackals also started
 off in another direction2 there  was   
therefore no time to think of caps4 ,the

 first move was to bring  her to bay1   
and not a second was to be lost4        
,spurring my good and  lively steed1 and
 shouting to my men to follow1 ,i flew  
across the  plain1 and1 being           
fortunately mounted on ,colesberg1 the  
flower of  my stud1 ,i gained upon her  
at every stride4 ,this was to me a      
joyful  moment1 and ,i at once made up  
my mind that she or ,i must die4 ,the   
lioness soon after suddenly pulled up1  
and sat on her haunches like  a dog1    
with her back toward me1 not even       
deigning to look round4 ,she  then      
appeared to say to herself1 ',does this 
fellow know who he is  after8' ,having  
thus sat for half a minute1 as if       
involved in thought1  she sprang to her 
feet1 and facing about1 stood looking at
 me for a  few seconds1 moving her tail 
slowly from side to side1 showing her   
teeth and growling fiercely4 ,she next  
made a short run forward1 making  a     
loud1 rumbling noise like thunder4 ,this
 she did to intimidate  me2 but finding 

that ,i did not flinch an inch1 nor seem
 to heed her  hostile demonstrations1   
she quietly stretched out her massive   
arms1  and lay down on the grass4 ,my   
,hottentots now coming up1 we all three 
dismounted1 and drawing our rifles from 
their holsters1 we looked to  see if the
 powder was up in the nipples1 and put  
on our caps4 ,while  this was doing1 the
 lioness sat up1 and showed evident     
symptoms of  uneasiness4 ,she looked    
first at us1 and then behind her1 as if 
to see  if the coast were clear2 after  
which she made a short run toward us1   
uttering her deep-drawn murderous       
growls4 ,having secured the three       
horses to one another by their rheims1  
we led them on as if we  intended to    
pass her1 in the hope of obtaining a    
broadside2 but this  she carefully      
avoided to expose1 presenting only her  
full front4 ,i had  given ,stofolus my  
,moore rifle1 with orders to shoot her  
if she should  spring upon me1 but on no
 account to fire before me4 ,kleinboy   

was to  stand ready to hand me my       
,purdey rifle1 in case the two-grooved  
,dixon  should not prove sufficient4 ,my
 men as yet had been steady1 but  they  
were in a precious stew1 their faces    
having assumed a ghastly  paleness2 and 
,i had a painful feeling that ,i could  
place no reliance  on them4 ,now1 then1 
for it1 neck or nothing6 ,she is within 
sixty yards  of us1 and she keeps       
advancing4 ,we turned the horses' tails 
to her4  ,i knelt on one side1 and      
taking a steady aim at her breast1 let  
fly4  ,the ball cracked loudly on her   
tawny hide1 and crippled her in the     
shoulder2 upon which she charged with an
 appalling roar1 and in  the twinkling  
of an eye she was in the midst of us4   
,at this moment  ,stofolus'a rifle      
exploded in his hand1 and ,kleinboy1    
whom ,i had  ordered to stand ready by  
me1 danced about like a duck in a gale  
of  wind4 ,the lioness sprang upon      
,colesberg1 and fearfully lacerated his 
ribs and haunches with her horrid teeth 

and claws4 ,the worst wound was  on his 
haunch1 which exhibited a sickening1    
yawning gash1 more than  twelve inches  
long1 almost laying bare the very bone4 
,i was very  cool and steady1 and did   
not feel in the least degree nervous1   
having  fortunately great confidence in 
my own shooting2 but ,i must confess1   
when the whole affair was over1 ,i felt 
that it was a very awful  situation1 and
 attended with extreme peril1 as ,i had 
no friend with  me on whom ,i could     
rely4 ,when the lioness sprang on       
,colesberg1 ,i  stood out from the      
horses1 ready with my second barrel for 
the first  chance she should give me of 
a clear shot4 ,this she quickly did2    
for1  seemingly satisfied with the      
revenge she had now taken1 she quitted  
,colesberg1 and slewing her tail to one 
side1 trotted sulkily past  within a few
 paces of me1 taking one step to the    
left4 ,i pitched my  rifle to my        
shoulder1 and in another second the     
lioness was stretched  on the plain a   

lifeless corpse4    ,this is1 however1  
but a harmless adventure compared with a
 subsequent  escapade--not with one1 but
 with six lions4 ,it was the hunter's   
habit  to lay wait near the             
drinking-places of these animals1       
concealed in a  hole dug for the        
purpose4 ,in such a place on the        
occasion in question1  ,mr4             
,cumming--having left one of three      
rhinoceroses he had previously  killed  
as a bait--ensconsed himself4 ,such a   
savage festival as that  which          
introduced the adventure1 has never     
before1 we believe1 been  introduced    
through the medium of the softest       
,english and the finest  hot-pressed    
paper to the notice of the civilized    
public4 ,soon after  twilight1 the      
author relates1 ,i went down to my hole 
with ,kleinboy  and two natives1 who lay
 concealed in another hole1 with ,wolf  
and  ,boxer ready to slip1 in the event 
of wounding a lion4 ,on reaching  the   
water ,i looked toward the carcase of   

the rhinoceros1 and1 to  my             
astonishment1 ,i beheld the ground alive
 with large creatures1  as though a     
troop of zebras were approaching the    
fountain to drink4  ,kleinboy remarked  
to me that a troop of zebras were       
standing on the  height4 ,i answered1   
',yes1' but ,i knew very well that      
zebras would not  be capering around the
 carcase of a rhinoceros4 ,i quickly    
arranged my  blankets1 pillow1 and guns 
in the hole1 and then lay down to feast 
my  eyes on the interesting sight before
 me4 ,it was bright moonlight1 as  clear
 as ,i need wish1 and within one night  
of being full moon4 ,there  were six    
large lions1 about twelve or fifteen    
hyenas1 and from twenty  to thirty      
jackals1 feasting on and around the     
carcases of the three  rhinoceroses4    
,the lions feasted peacefully1 but the  
hyenas and jackals  fought over every   
mouthful1 and chased one another round  
and round  the carcases1 growling1      
laughing1 screeching1 chattering1 and   

howling  without any intermission4 ,the 
hyenas did not seem afraid of the lions1
  although they always gave way before  
them2 for ,i observed that they         
followed them in the most disrespectful 
manner1 and stood laughing1  one or two 
on either side1 when any lions came     
after their comrades to  examine pieces 
of skin or bones which they were        
dragging away4 ,i had  lain watching    
this banquet for about three hours1 in  
the strong hope  that1 when the lions   
had feasted1 they would come and drink4 
,two black  and two white rhinoceroses  
had made their appearance1 but1 scared  
by  the smell of the blood1 they had    
made off4 ,at length the lions seemed   
satisfied4 ,they all walked about with  
their heads up1 and seemed to  be       
thinking about the water2 and in two    
minutes one of them turned his  face    
toward me1 and came on2 he was          
immediately followed by a second  lion1 
and in half a minute by the remaining   
four4 ,it was a decided  and general    

move1 they were all coming to drink     
right bang in my face1  within fifteen  
yards of me4    ,the hunters were       
presently discovered4 ,an old lioness1  
who seemed to  take the lead1 had       
detected me1 and1 with her head high and
 her eyes  fixed full upon me she was   
coming slowly round the corner of the   
little vley to cultivate further my     
acquaintance6 ,this unfortunate         
coincidence put a stop at once to all   
further contemplation4 ,i  thought2 in  
my haste1 that it was perhaps most      
prudent to shoot  this lioness1         
especially as none of the others had    
noticed me4 ,i  accordingly moved my arm
 and covered her2 she saw me move and   
halted1  exposing a full broadside4 ,i  
fired2 the ball entered one shoulder1   
and  passed out behind the other4 ,she  
bounded forward with repeated growls1   
and was followed by her five comrades   
all enveloped in a cloud of  dust2 nor  
did they atop until they had reached the
 cover behind  me1 except one old       

gentleman1 who halted and looked back   
for a few  seconds1 when ,i fired1 but  
the ball went high4 ,i listened         
anxiously  for some sound to denote the 
approaching end of the lioness2 nor     
listened in vain4 ,i heard her growling 
and stationary1 as if dying4 ,in  one   
minute her comrades crossed the vley a  
little below me1 and made  toward the   
rhinoceros4 ,i then slipped ,wolf and   
,boxer on her scent1  and1 following    
them into the cover1 ,i found her lying 
dead4    ,mr4 ,cumming's adventures with
 elephants are no less thrilling4 ,he   
had  selected for the aim of his        
murderous rifle two huge female         
elephants  from a herd4 ,two of the     
troop had walked slowly past at about   
sixty  yards1 and the one which ,i had  
selected was feeding with two others  on
 a thorny tree before me4 ,my hand was  
now as steady as the rock on  which it  
rested1 so1 taking a deliberate aim1 ,i 
let fly at her head1 a  little behind   
the eye4 ,she got it hard and sharp1    

just where ,i aimed1  but it did not    
seem to affect her much4 ,uttering a    
loud cry1 she  wheeled about1 when ,i   
gave her the second ball1 close behind  
the  shoulder4 ,all the elephants       
uttered a strange rumbling noise1 and   
made  off in a line to the northward at 
a brisk ambling pace1 their huge        
fanlike ears flapping in the ratio of   
their speed4 ,i did not wait to  load1  
but ran back to the hillock to obtain a 
view4 ,on gaining its  summit1 the      
guides pointed out the elephants2 they  
were standing in  a grove of shady      
trees1 but the wounded one was some     
distance behind  with another elephant1 
doubtless its particular friend1 who was
  endeavoring to assist it4 ,these      
elephants had probably never before     
heard the report of a gun2 and having   
neither seen nor smelt me1 they  were   
unaware of the presence of man1 and did 
not seem inclined to go  any further4   
,presently my men hove in sight1        
bringing the dogs2 and  when these came 

up1 ,i waited some time before          
commencing the attack1  that the dogs   
and horses might recover their wind4 ,we
 then rode slowly  toward the elephants1
 and had advanced within two hundred    
yards of  them1 when1 the ground being  
open1 they observed us1 and made off  in
 an easterly direction2 but the wounded 
one immediately dropped  astern1 and    
next moment she was surrounded by the   
dogs1 which1 barking  angrily1 seemed to
 engross her attention4 ,having placed  
myself between  her and the retreating  
troop1 ,i dismounted to fire1 within    
forty  yards of her1 in open ground4    
,colesberg was extremely afraid of the  
elephants1 and gave me much trouble1    
jerking my arm when ,i tried to  fire4  
,at length ,i let fly2 but1 on          
endeavoring to regain my saddle4        
,colesberg declined to allow me to      
mount2 and when ,i tried to lead him1   
and run for it1 he only backed toward   
the wounded elephant4 ,at this  moment  
,i heard another elephant close behind3 

and on looking about ,i  beheld the     
'friend1' with uplifted trunk1 charging 
down upon me at top  speed1 shrilly     
trumpeting1 and following an old black  
pointer named  ,schwart1 that was       
perfectly deaf1 and trotted along before
 the enraged  elephant quite unaware of 
what was behind him4 ,i felt certain    
that  she would have either me or my    
horse4 ,i1 however1 determined not to   
relinquish my steed1 but to hold on by  
the bridle4 ,my men1 who of  course kept
 at a safe distance1 stood aghast with  
their mouths open1  and for a few       
seconds my position was certainly not an
 enviable  one4 ,fortunately1 however1  
the dogs took off the attention of the  
elephants2 and1 just us they were upon  
me ,i managed to spring into the        
saddle1 where ,i was safe4 ,as ,i turned
 my back to mount1 the elephants  were  
so very near1 that ,i really expected to
 feel one of their  trunks lay hold of  
me4 ,i rode up to ,kleinboy for my      
double-barrelled  two-grooved rifle2 he 

and ,isaac were pale and almost         
speechless with  fright4 ,returning to  
the charge1 ,i was soon once more       
alongside1  and1 firing from the saddle1
 ,i sent another brace of bullets into  
the  wounded elephant4 ,colesberg was   
extremely unsteady1 and destroyed the   
correctness of my aim4 ,the 'friend' now
 seemed resolved to do some  mischief1  
and charged me furiously1 pursuing me to
 a distance of  several hundred yards4  
,i therefore deemed it proper to give   
her  a gentle hint to act less          
officiously1 and so1 having loaded1 ,i  
approached within thirty yards1 and gave
 it her sharp1 right and left1  behind  
the shoulder2 upon which she at once    
made off with drooping  trunk1 evidently
 with a mortal wound4 ,two more shots   
finished her2 on  receiving them she    
tossed her trunk up and down two or     
three times1  and falling on her        
broadside against a thorny tree1 which  
yielded like  grass before her enormous 
weight1 she uttered a deep hoarse cry   

and  expired4    ,mr4 ,cumming's        
exploits in the water are no less       
exciting than his land  adventures4     
,here is an account of his victory over 
a hippopotamus1 on  the banks of the    
,limpopo river1 near the northernmost   
extremity of his  journeyings4    ,there
 were four of them1 three cows and an   
old bull2 they stood in  the middle of  
the river1 and though alarmed1 did not  
appear aware of  the extent of the      
impending danger4 ,i took the sea-cow   
next me1 and  with my first ball ,i gave
 her a mortal wound1 knocking loose a   
great  plate on the top of her skull4   
,she at once commenced plunging round   
and round1 and then occasionally        
remained still1 sitting for a few       
minutes on the same spot4 ,on hearing   
the report of my rifle two of  the      
others took up stream1 and the fourth   
dashed down the river2 they  trotted    
along1 like oxen1 at a smart pace as    
long as the water was  shallow4 ,i was  
now in a state of very great anxiety    

about my wounded  sea-cow1 for ,i feared
 that she would get down into deep      
water1 and  be lost like the last one2  
her struggles were still carrying her   
down stream1 and the water was becoming 
deeper4 ,to settle the matter  ,i       
accordingly fired a second shot from the
 bank1 which1 entering  the roof of her 
skull1 passed out through her eye2 she  
then1 kept  continually splashing round 
and round in a circle in the middle of  
the  river4 ,i had great fears of the   
crocodiles1 and ,i did not know that    
the sea-cow might not attack me4 ,my    
anxiety to secure her1 however1         
overcame all hesitation2 so1 divesting  
myself of my leathers1 and  armed with a
 sharp knife4 ,i dashed into the water1 
which at first took  me up to my        
arm-pits1 but in the middle was         
shallower4 ,as ,i approached  ,behemoth 
her eye looked very wicked4 ,i halted   
for a moment1 ready to  dive under the  
water if she attacked me1 but she was   
stunned1 and did  not know what she was 

doing2 so1 running in upon her1 and     
seizing  her short tail1 ,i attempted to
 incline her course to land4 ,it was    
extraordinary what enormous strength she
 still had in the water4 ,i  could not  
guide her in the slightest1 and she     
continued to splash1 and  plunge1 and   
blow1 and make her circular course1     
carrying me along with  her as if ,i was
 a fly on her tail4 ,finding her tail   
gave me but a poor  hold1 as the only   
means of securing my prey1 ,i took out  
my knife1 and  cutting two deep parallel
 incisions through the skin on her rump1
 and  lifting this skin from the flesh1 
so that ,i could get in my two hands1   
,i made use of this as a handle2 and    
after some desperate hard work1         
sometimes pushing and sometimes pulling1
 the sea-cow continuing her  circular   
course all the time and ,i holding on at
 her rump like grim  ,death1 eventually 
,i succeeded in bringing this gigantic  
and most  powerful animal to the bank4  
,here the ,bushman1 quickly brought me a

  stout buffalo-rheim from my horse's   
neck1 which ,i passed through the       
opening in the thick skin1 and moored   
,behemoth to a tree4 ,i then took  my   
rifle1 and sent a ball through the      
center of her head1 and she was         
numbered with the dead4 ,there is       
nothing in ,waterton's ,wanderings1  or 
in the ,adventures of ,baron ,munchausen
 more startling than this  ,waltz with a
 ,hippopotamus6    ,in the all-wise     
disposition of events1 it is perhaps    
ordained that  wild animals should be   
subdued by man to his use at the expense
  of such tortures as those described in
 the work before us4 ,mere  amusement1  
therefore1 is too light a motive for    
dealing such wounds  and death ,mr4     
,cumming owns to2 but he had other      
motives1--besides a  considerable profit
 he has reaped in trophies1 ivory1 fur1 
c41 he has  made in his book some       
valuable contributions to the natural   
history of  the animals he wounded and  
slew4           99       99       99    

99       99    ,,from ,,graham',s       
,,magazine ,,for ,,august    ,,manuela4 
,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,california4    ,,by  
,,bayard ,,taylor4      ,from the       
doorway1 ,manuela1 in the sheeny ,april 
morn1    ,southward looks1 along the    
valley1 over leagues of gleaming corn2  
,where the mountain's misty rampart like
 the wall of ,eden towers1    ,and the  
isles of oak are sleeping on a painted  
sea of flowers4    ,all the air is full 
of music1 for the winter rains are o'er1
    ,and the noisy magpies chatter from 
the budding sycamore2    ,blithely frisk
 unnumbered squirrels1 over all the     
grassy slope2    ,where the airy summits
 brighten1 nimbly leaps the antelope4   
,gentle eyes of ,manuela6 tell me       
wherefore do ye rest    ,on the oaks'   
enchanted islands and the flowery       
ocean's breast8    ,tell me wherefore   
down the valley1 ye have traced the     
highway's mark    ,far beyond the belts 
of timber1 to the mountain-shadows dark8
    ,ah1 the fragrant bay may blossom1  

and the sprouting verdure shine    ,with
 the tears of amber dropping from the   
tassels of the pine4    ,and the        
morning's breath of balsam lightly brush
 her sunny cheek--    ,little recketh   
,manuela of the tales of ,spring they   
speak4    ,when the ,summer's burning   
solstice on the mountain-harvests       
glowed1    ,she had watched a gallant   
horseman riding down the valley road2   
,many times she saw him turning1 looking
 back with parting thrills1    ,till    
amid her tears she lost him1 in the     
shadow of the hills4    ,ere the        
cloudless moons were over1 he had passed
 the ,desert's sand4    ,crossed the    
rushing ,colorada and the dark ,apache  
,land1    ,and his laden mules were     
driven1 when the time of rains began4   
,with the traders of ,chihuaha1 to the  
,fair of ,san ,juan4    ,therefore      
watches ,manuela--therefore lightly doth
 she start1    ,when the sound of       
distant footsteps seems the beating of  
her heart2    ,not a wind the green oak 

rustles or the redwood branches stirs1  
,but she hears the silver jingle of his 
ringing bit and spurs4    ,often1 out   
the hazy distance1 come the horsemen1   
day by day1    ,but they come not as    
,bernardo--she can see it1 far away2    
,well she knows the airy gallop of his  
mettled alazan1#e    ,light as any      
antelope upon the ,hills of ,gavilan4   
,she would know him mid a thousand1 by  
his free and gallant air2    ,by the    
featly-knit sarape1#f such as wealthy   
traders wear2    ,by his broidered      
calzoneros#g and his saddle1 gaily      
spread1    ,with its cantle rimmed with 
silver1 and its horn a lion's head4     
,none like he the light riata#h on the  
maddened bull can throw2    ,none amid  
the mountain-canons1 track like he the  
stealthy doe2    ,and at all the        
,mission festals1 few indeed the        
revelers are    ,who can dance with him 
the jota1 touch with him the gay guitar4
    ,he has said to ,manuela1 and the   
echoes linger still    ,in the cloisters

 of her bosom1 with a secret1 tender    
thrill1    ,when the hay again has      
blossomed1 and the valley stands in     
corn1    ,shall the bells of ,santa     
,clara usher in the wedding morn4    ,he
 has pictured the procession1 all in    
holyday attire1    ,and the laugh and   
look of gladness1 when they see the     
distant spire2    ,then their love shall
 kindle newly1 and the world be doubly  
fair1    ,in the cool delicious crystal 
of the summer morning air4    ,tender   
eyes of ,manuela6 what has dimmed your  
lustrous beam8    ',tis a tear that     
falls to glitter on the casket of her   
dream4    ,ah1 the eye of love must     
brighten1 if its watches would be true1 
,for the star is falsely mirrored in the
 rose's drop of dew6    ,but her eager  
eyes rekindle1 and her breathless bosom 
stills1    ,as she sees a horseman      
moving in the shadow of the hills2      
,now in love and fond thanksgiving they 
may loose their pearly tides--    ',tis 
the alazan that gallops1 'tis           

,bernardo's self that rides6            
,footnote #e3 ,in ,california horses are
 named according to their color4  ,an   
alazan is a sorrel--a color generally   
preferred1 as denoting  speed and       
mettle4    ,footnote #f3 ,the sarape is 
a knit blanket of many gay colors1 worn 
over the shoulders by an opening in the 
center1 through which the head  is      
thrust4    ,footnote #g3 ,calzoneros are
 trowsers1 generally made of blue cloth 
or velvet1 richly embroidered1 and worn 
over an under pair of white  linen4     
,they are slashed up the outside of each
 leg1 for greater  convenience in       
riding1 and studded with rows of silver 
buttons4    ,footnote #h3 ,the lariat1  
or riata1 as it is indifferently called 
in  ,california and ,mexico1 is         
precisely the same as the lasso of      
,south  ,america4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,,from          
,,fraser',s ,,magazine ,,for ,,july4    
,,ledru ,,rollin4    ,ledru ,rollin is  
now in his forty-fourth or forty-fifth  

year1  having been born in #ahjf or     
#ahjg4 ,he is the grandson of the famous
  ,prestidigateur1 or ,conjurer ,comus1 
who1 about four or five-and-forty  years
 ago1 was in the acme of his fame4      
,during the ,consulate1 and a           
considerable portion of the ,empire1    
,comus traveled from one department  of 
,france to the other1 and is even known 
to have extended his  journeys beyond   
the ,rhine and the ,moselle on one side1
 and beyond the  ,rhne and ,garonne on  
the other4 ,of all the conjurers of his 
day he was  the most famous and the most
 successful1 always1 of course1         
excepting  that ,corsican conjurer who  
ruled for so many years the destinies   
of ,france4 ,from those who have seen   
that famous trickster1 we  have learned 
that the ,charleses1 the ,alexanders1   
even the ,robert  ,houdins1 were        
children compared with the magical      
wonder-worker of  the past generation4  
,the fame of ,comus was enormous1 and   
his gains  proportionate2 and when he   

had shuffled off this mortal coil it    
was found he had left to his descendants
 a very ample--indeed1 for  ,france1 a  
very large fortune4 ,of the descendants 
in a right line1 his  grandson1 ,ledru  
,rollin1 was his favorite1 and to him   
the old man left  the bulk of his       
fortune1 which1 during the minority of  
,ledru ,rollin1  grew to a sum amounting
 to nearly1 if not fully1 #d1jjj per    
annum4    ,the scholastic education of  
the young man who was to inherit this   
considerable fortune1 was nearly        
completed during the reign of  ,louis   
,,xviii41 and shortly after ,charles ,x4
 ascended the throne il  commenait      
faire sur droit1 as they phrase it in   
the pays ,latin4  ,neither during the   
reign of ,louis ,,xviii41 nor indeed    
now1 unless in  the exact and physical  
sciences1 does ,paris afford a very     
solid and  substantial education4       
,though the ,roman poets and historians 
are  tolerably well studied and taught1 
yet little attention is paid to  ,greek 

literature4 ,the physical and exact     
sciences are unquestionably  admirably  
taught at the ,polytechnique and other  
schools2 but neither  at the ,college of
 ,st4 ,barbe1 nor of ,henry ,,iv41 can a
 pupil be so well  grounded in the      
rudiments and humanities as in our      
grammar and public  schools4 ,a         
studious1 pains-taking1 and docile      
youth1 will1 no doubt1  learn a great   
deal1 no matter where he has been placed
 in pupilage2  but we have heard from a 
contemporary of ,m4 ,rollin1 that he was
 not  particularly distinguished either 
for his industry or his docility in     
early life4 ,the earliest days of the   
reign of ,charles ,x4 saw ,m4 ,ledru    
,rollin an tudiant en droit in ,paris4  
,though the schools of law  had been    
re-established during the ,consulate    
pretty much after the  fashion in which 
they existed in the time of ,louis the  
,,xiv41 yet the  application of the     
alumni was fitful and desultory1 and    
perhaps  there were no two classes in   

,france1 at the commencement of #ahbe4  
who  were more imbued with the          
,voltarian philosophy and the doctrines 
and  principles of ,rousseau1 than the  
lves of the schools of law and          
medicine4    ,under a king so sceptical 
and voluptuous1 so much of a philosophie
  and phyrronste1 as ,louis ,,xviii41   
such tendencies were likely to  spread  
themselves through all ranks of         
society--to permeate from  the very     
highest to the very lowest classes3 and 
not all the lately  acquired asceticism 
of the monarch1 his successor1 nor all  
the  efforts of the ,jesuits could      
restrain or control the tendencies of   
the tudiants en droit4 ,what the        
law-students were antecedently and      
subsequent to #ahbe1 we know from the   
,physiologie de l',homme de ,loi2  and  
it is not to be supposed that ,m4 ,ledru
 ,rollin1 with more ample  pecuniary    
means at command1 very much differed    
from his fellows4  ,after undergoing a  
three years' course of study1 ,m4       

,rollin obtained  a diploma as a licenci
 en droit1 and commenced his career as  
stagiare somewhere about the end of     
#ahbf or the beginning of #ahbg4        
,toward the close of #ahbi1 or in the   
first months of #ahcj1 he was1 we       
believe1 placed on the roll of          
advocates2 so that he was called to  the
 bar1 or1 as they say in ,france1       
received an advocate1 in his            
twenty-second or twenty-third year4     
,the first years of an advocate1 even in
 ,france1 are generally passed  in as   
enforced an idleness as in ,england4    
,clients come not to consult  the       
greenhorn of the last term2 nor does any
 avou among our  neighbors1 any more    
than any attorney among ourselves1 fancy
 that an  old head is to be found on    
young shoulders4 ,the years #ahcj and   
#ahca  were not marked by any oratorical
 effort of the author of the ,decline   
of ,england2 nor was it till #ahcb that1
 being then one of the youngest  of the 
bar of ,paris1 he prepared and signed an

 opinion against the  placing of ,paris 
in a state of siege consequent on the   
insurrections  of ,june4 ,two years     
after he prepared a memoir2 or factum1  
on  the affair of the ,rue ,transonain1 
and defended ,dupoty1 accused  of       
complicit morale1 a monstrous doctrine  
invented by the  ,attorney-,general     
,hebert4 ,from #ahcd to #ahda he        
appeared as counsel in  nearly all the  
cases of meute or conspiracy where the  
individuals  prosecuted were            
,republicans1 or quasi-,republicans4    
,meanwhile1 he  had become the          
proprietor and rdacteur en chef of the  
,reforme  newspaper1 a political journal
 of an ultra-,liberal--indeed of a      
,republican--complexion1 which was then 
called of extreme opinions1 as  he had  
previously been editor of a legal       
newspaper called ,journal  du ,palais4  
,la ,reforme had been originally        
conducted by ,godefroy  ,cavaignac1 the 
brother of the general1 who continued   
editor till the  period of the fatal    

illness which preceded his death4 ,the  
defense  of ,dupoty1 tried and sentenced
 under the ministry of ,thiers to five  
years' imprisonment1 as a regicide1     
because a letter was found open  in the 
letter-box of the paper of which he was 
editor1 addressed to  him by a man said 
to be implicated in the conspiracy of   
,quenisset1  naturally brought ,m4      
,rollin into contact with many of the   
writers in  ,la ,reforme2 and these     
persons1 among others ,guinard ,arago1  
,etienne  ,arago1 and ,flocon1 induced  
him to embark some portion of his       
fortune  in the paper4 ,from one step he
 was led on to another1 and ultimately  
became one of the chief--indeed1 if not 
the chief proprietor4 ,the  speculation 
was far from successful in a pecuniary  
sense1 but ,m4  ,rollin1 in furtherance 
of his opinions1 continued for some     
years to  disburse considerable sums in 
the support of the journal4 ,by this he 
no doubt increased his popularity and   
his credit with the ,republican  party1 

but it cannot be denied that he very    
materially injured his  private fortune4
 ,in the earlier portion of his career1 
,m4 ,rollin was1  it is known1 not      
indisposed to seek a seat in the        
,chamber1 under the  auspices of ,m4    
,barrot1 but subsequently to his        
connection with the  ,reforme1 he had   
himself become thoroughly known to the  
extreme party  in the departments1 and  
on the death of ,gamier ,pags the elder1
 was  elected in #ahda for ,le ,mans1 in
 ,la ,sarthe4    ,in addressing the     
electors1 after his return1 ,m4 ,rollin 
delivered  a speech much more           
,republican than ,monarchical4 ,for this
 he was  sentenced to four months'      
imprisonment1 but the sentence was      
appealed  against and annulled on a     
technical ground1 and the honorable     
member  was ultimately acquitted by the 
,cour d',assizes of ,angers4    ,the    
parliamentary dbut of ,m4 ,rollin took  
place in #ahdb4 ,his first  speech was  
delivered on the subject of the         

secret-service money4  ,the elocution   
was easy and flowing1 the manner        
oratorical1 the style  somewhat turgid  
and bombastic4 ,but in the course of the
 session ,m4  ,rollin improved1 and his 
discourse on the modification of the    
criminal  law1 on other legal subjects1 
and on railways1 were more sober        
specimens of style4 ,in #ahdc and #ahdd 
,m4 ,rollin frequently spoke2 but       
though his speeches were a good deal    
talked of outside the walls of  the     
,chamber1 they produced little effect   
within it4 ,nevertheless1  it was plain 
to every candid observer that he        
possessed many of the  requisites of the
 orator--a good voice1 a copious flow of
 words1  considerable energy and        
enthusiasm1 a sanguine temperament and  
jovial  and generous disposition4 ,in   
the sessions of #ahde-df1 ,m4 ,rollin   
took  a still more prominent part4 ,his 
purse1 his house in the ,rue ,tournon1  
his counsels and advice1 were all placed
 at the service of the  men of the      

movement2 and by the beginning of #ahdg 
he seemed to be  acknowledged by the    
extreme party as its most conspicuous   
and popular  member4 ,such indeed was   
his position when the electoral reform  
banquets1 on a large scale1 began to    
take place in the autumn of #ahdg4      
,these banquets1 promoted and forwarded 
by the principal members of the         
opposition to serve the cause of        
electoral reform1 were looked on  by ,m4
 ,rollin and his friends in another     
light4 ,while ,odillon ,barrot1         
,duvergier d',haurunne1 and others1     
sought by means of them to produce  an  
enlarged constituency1 the member for   
,sarthe looked not merely to            
functional1 but to organic reform--not  
merely to an enlargement of  the        
constituency1 but to a change in the    
form of the government4 ,the  desire of 
,barrot was  la vrit  la sincerit des   
institutions  conquises en ,juillet     
#ahcj2 whereas the desire of ,rollin    
was1   l'amlioration des classes        

laborieuses2 the one was willing to go  
on with the dynasty of ,louis ,philippe 
and the ,constitution of ,july  improved
 by diffusion and extension of the      
franchise1 the other  looked to a       
democratic and social republic4 ,the    
result is now known4  ,it is not here   
our purpose to go over the events of the
 ,revolution  of ,february #ahdh1 but we
 may be permitted to observe1 that the  
combinations by which that event was    
effected were ramified and  extensive1  
and were long silently and secretly in  
motion4    ,the personal history of ,m4 
,rollin1 since ,february #ahdh1 is      
well-known  and patent to all the world4
 ,he was the ame damne of the           
,provisional ,government--the man whose 
extreme opinions1 intemperate           
circulars1 and vehement patronage of    
persons professing the political  creed 
of ,robespierre--indisposed all moderate
 men to rally around the  new system4   
,it was in covering ,ledru ,rollin with 
the shield of his  popularity that      

,lamartine lost his own1 and that he    
ceased to be the  political idol of a   
people of whom he must ever be regarded 
as one  of the literary glories and     
illustrations4 ,on the dissolution of   
the ,provisional ,government1 ,ledru    
,rollin constituted himself one of  the 
leaders of the movement party4 ,in ready
 powers of speech and in  popularity no 
man stood higher2 but he did not possess
 the power of  restraining his followers
 or of holding them in hand1 and the    
result  was1 that instead of being their
 leader he became their instrument4     
,fond of applause1 ambitious of         
distinction1 timid by nature1 destitute 
of pluck1 and of that rarer virtue moral
 courage1 ,ledru ,rollin1  to avoid the 
imputation of faint-heartedness1 put    
himself in the  foreground1 but the     
measures of his followers being         
ill-taken1 the  plot in which he was    
mixed up egregiously failed1 and he is  
now in  consequence an exile in         
,england4           99       99       99

       99       99    ,,general         
,,garibaldi4    ,,mr4 ,,filipante gives 
the following notice of this ,italian   
revolutionary  leader in a communication
 to the ,evening ,post4 ,his exertions  
in  behalf of the liberal movement in   
,italy have been indefatigable4 ,as     
active as he was courageous1 he was     
among the first to take up arms  against
 ,austrian tyranny1 and the last to lay 
them down4 ,even when the  triumvirate  
at ,rome had been overthrown1 and the   
most ardent spirits  despaired of the   
republic1 ,garibaldi and his noble band 
of soldiers  refused to yield2 they     
maintained a vigorous resistance to the 
last1  and only quitted the ground when 
the cause was so far gone that their    
own success would have been of no       
general advantage4    ,the ,general is  
about forty years of age4 ,he was in    
early life an  officer in the ,sardinian
 service1 but1 engaging in an           
unsuccessful  revolt against the        
government of ,charles ,albert1 he was  

compelled to  leave his native land4 ,he
 fled to ,montevideo1 where he fought   
with  distinction in the wars against   
,rosas4 ,at the breaking out of the late
  revolution he returned4 ,his military 
capacities being well known1 he  was    
entrusted with a command2 and throughout
 the war his services were  most        
efficient4 ,he defeated the allied      
troops of ,austria1 ,france1  and       
,naples1 in several battles2 his name1  
in fact1 became a terror1  and when the 
republic fell1 and he was compelled to  
retire to the  ,appenines1 the invaders 
felt that his return would be more      
formidable  than any other event4       
,from ,italy he went to ,morocco1 where 
he has since lived4 ,but his  friends1  
desiring that his great energies should 
be actively employed1  have offered him 
the command of a merchant ship1 which he
 has  accepted4 ,he will1 therefore1    
hereafter be engaged in the peaceful    
pursuits of commerce1 unless his country
 should again require his  exertions4   

99       99       99       99       99  
,,crime1 ,,in ,,england ,,and ,,france4 
,in recent discussions of the effects of
 education upon morals1 the  relative   
conditions of ,great ,britain and       
,france in this respect  have often been
 referred to4 ,the following paragraph  
shows that the  statistics in the case  
have not been well understood3    ,in a 
recent sitting of the ,academy of ,moral
 and ,political ,sciences1  ,m4 ,leon   
,faucher1 the representative1 read a    
paper on the state of  crime in         
,england2 and some of the journals have 
taken advantage  of this to institute a 
comparison with returns of the          
criminality  of ,france1 recently       
published by the ,government--the result
 being  anything but flattering to      
,england4 ,but ,m4 ,faucher1 the        
,academy1 the  newspapers1 and almost   
everybody else in ,france1 seems to be  
entirely  ignorant that it is impossible
 to institute a comparison between the  
amount of crime in ,england and the     

amount of crime in ,france1 inasmuch  as
 crimes are not the same in both        
countries4 ,thus1 for example1 it  is a 
felony in ,england to steal a pair of   
shoes1 the offender is sent  before the 
,court of ,assize1 and his offense      
counts in the official  returns as a    
crime2 in ,france1 on the contrary1 a   
petty theft is  considered a dlit1 or   
simple offense1 is punished by a police 
magistrate1 and figures in the returns  
as an offense4 ,with  respect to        
murders1 too1 the ,english have only two
 general names for  killing--murder or  
manslaughter--but the ,french have      
nearly a dozen  categories of killing1  
of which what the ,english call murder  
forms  only one4 ,it is the same1 in    
short1 with almost every species of     
crime4