,,! ,,_w',s ,,greate/ ,,books ,,jo9t ,,editors ,,ar?ur ,,mee ,j4,a4 ,,hamm]ton ,,vol4 ,,xiii ,,religion ,,philosophy ,copyright1 ,,mcmx ,,mck9lay1 ,,/oke ,,mackekzu 99 99 99 99 99 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,religion ,,apocrypha ,,augu/9e1 ,,/4 ,city ( ,god ,,baxt]1 ,,ri*>d ,sa9ts' ,ev]la/+ ,re/ ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,,brahmanism1 ,,books ,,( ,,br[ne1 ,,sir ,,?omas ,religio ,m$ici ,,calv91 ,,john ,in/itution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion ,,col]idge1 ,s4,t4 ,aids to ,reflection ,,confucianism ,f,,nelon ,exi/5ce ( ,god ,,galileo ,,galilei ,au?ority ( ,scripture ,,hegel1 ,g4,w4,f4 ,philosophy ( ,religion ,,h9duism1 ,,books ,,( ,,kempis1 ,,?omas ,imitation ( ,*ri/ ,,koran ,,newman1 ,,c>d9al ,apologia pro ,vit ,sua ,,pa9e1 ,,?omas ,age ( ,reason ,,pascal1 ,,blaise ,lett]s to a ,prov9cial ,,p5n1 ,,william ,"s ,fruits ( ,solitude ,,r5an1 ,,erne/ ,life ( ,jesus ,,sw$5borg1 ,,emanuel ,heav5 & ,hell ,,talmud ,,zoroa/rianism ,,philosophy ,,ari/otle ,e?ics ,,aurelius1 ,,m>cus ,disc\rses ) ,himself ,,bacon1 ,,francis ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+ ,,b]keley1 ,,george ,pr9ciples ( ,human ,k ,,desc>tes ,disc\rse on ,me?od ,,em]son1 ,,ralph ,,waldo ,nature ,,epictetus ,disc\rses & ,en*eiridion ,a ,,complete ,,index ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,greate/ ,,books ,,w ,,be ,,f\nd ,,at ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,volume ,,xx4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,religion ,,! ,,apocrypha ,apocrypha is a ,greek ^w1 signify+ secret or hidd51 b 9 ! sixte5? c5tury x came to be appli$ to a li/ ( books conta9$ 9 ! ,septuag9t1 or ,greek translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b n 9 ! ,pale/9ian1 or ,hebrew ,canon4 ,h5ce1 by !ological or bibliographic puri/s1 ^! books 7 n reg>d$ z g5u9e ,scripture4 ,t view 0 adopt$ by ! e>ly ,greek ,*ur*1 ?\gh ! ,we/]n ,*ur* 0 divid$ 9 op9ion4 ,!y appe>$ z a sep>ate section 9 ,cov]dale's ,engli% ,bible 9 #aech1 & 9 ,lu!r's ,g]man ,bible 9 #aecg4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 9 #aedf admitt$ !m z canonical1 except ! ,fir/ & ,second ,esdras & ! ,pray] ( ,manasses--a view reject$ aft] ! ,re=mation by ,prote/ants1 :o recognis$ only ! ,pale/9ian ,record z canonical4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,confession decl>$ t !y 7 only to be made use ( z human writ+s1 & ! ,six? ,article ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& /ates t !y are to be read = example ( life & in/ruction ( mann]s1 b n to e/abli% doctr9e4 ,z ! result ( a viol5t controv]sy 9 ,scotl& & ,am]ica betwe5 #ahbe & #ahbg1 ! ,apocrypha 0 delet$ f ! copies ( ! ,holy ,scriptures issu$ by ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society4 ,! controv]sy 0 reviv$ 9 #ahfb :5 a quotation 0 engrav$ on ! ,pr9ce ,consort's ,memorial 9 ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s f ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon3 ,he1 be+ made p]fect 9 a %ort "t1 fulfill$ a long "t4 ,= 8 s\l pleas$ ! ,"l3 ,!re=e ha/$ ,he to take him away f among ! wick$4 ,all ! books be> evid5ce ( hav+ be5 writt5 long aft] ! date to :i* !y are ascrib$4 ,,fir/ ,,esdras ,& ,josias held ! fea/ ( ! ,passov] 9 ,j]usalem unto 8 ,"l1 ! #ad? day ( ! fir/ mon? ( ! #ah? ye> ( 8 reign1 & ord]$ ! ,levites1 ! holy m9i/]s ( ,israel1 to hall[ !mselves unto ! ,"l1 & set ! ,holy ,ark ( ! ,"l 9 ! h\se t ,k+ ,solomon _h built4 ,& !re 7 (f]$ 9 sacrifices to ! ,"l on ! alt> #cg1fjj lambs & kids1 & #d1cjj calves4 ,& !y roa/$ ! ,passov] ) fire3 z = ! sacrifices1 !y sod !m 9 brass pots & pans ) a good sav\r1 & set !m be=e all ! p4 ,& su* a ,passov] 0 n kept 9 ,israel s9ce ! "t ( ! ,prophet ,samuel4 ,& ! works ( ,josias 7 upright be=e 8 ,"l ) an he>t full ( godl9ess4 ,n[1 aft] all ^! acts ( ,josias1 x came to pass t ,ph>aoh1 ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 came to raise w> at ,c>*amis ^u ,euphrates2 & ,josias1 n reg>d+ ! words ( ! ,prophet ,j]emy1 spok5 by ! m\? ( ! ,"l1 w5t out aga9/ him & jo9$ battle ) him 9 ! pla9 ( ,magiddo4 ,!n said ! k+ unto 8 s]vants3 ,c>ry me away out ( ! battle2 = ,i am v weak4 ,& be+ br\ght back to ,j]usalem he di$ & 0 buri$ 9 8 fa!r's sepul*re4 ,& 9 all ,jewry ! *ief m51 ) ! wom51 yea ,j]emy ! prophet1 made lam5tation = him unto ?is day4 ,& ! p took ,joa*az1 ! son ( ,josias1 & made him k+2 b ! ,k+ ( ,egypt depos$ him1 & made ,joacim1 8 bro!r1 ,k+ ( ,judea & ,j]usalem1 :o did evil be=e ! ,"l4 ,:]e=e1 aga9/ him1 ,nabu*odonosor1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 came up & b\nd him ) a *a9 ( brass1 & c>ri$ him into ,babylon4 ,nabu*odonosor also took ( ! holy vessels ( ! ,"l & c>ri$ !m away1 & set !m 9 8 own temple at ,babylon1 & made ,z$e*ias k+4 ,z$e*ias reign$ elev5 ye>s1 b did evil also 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l4 ,! gov]nors ( ! p & ( ! prie/s did likewise _m ?+s aga9/ ! ,"l1 & defil$ ! ,temple ( ! ,"l1 :o1 be+ wra? ) 8 p = _! great ungodl9ess1 comm&$ ! ,k+s ( ! ,*aldees to come up aga9/ !m4 ,?is !y did1 & slew & sp>$ nei!r "y man nor maid1 old man nor *ild1 among !m4 ,& !y took all ! holy vessels ( ! ,"l1 bo? great & small1 ) ! vessels ( ! ,ark ( ,god & ! k+'s treasures1 & c>ri$ !m away into ,babylon4 ,z = ! ,h\se ( ! ,"l1 !y burnt x1 & broke d[n ! walls ( ,j]usalem & set fire ^u h] t[]s4 ,& ! p t 7 n sla9 ) ! sword 7 c>ri$ unto ,babylon1 :o became s]vants to ,nabu*odonosor1 till ! ,p]sians reign$1 to fulfil ! ^w ( ! ,"l spok5 by ! m\? ( ,j]emy4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 ! ,"l rais$ up 8 _s1 & he made proclamation ?r\gh all 8 k+dom1 say+3 ,! ,"l ( ,israel1 ! mo/ high ,"l1 ha? made me k+ ( ! :ole _w1 & comm&$ me to build him an h\se at ,j]usalem 9 ,jewry4 ,if !re be any ( y t are ( 8 p1 let ! ,"l1 ev5 8 ,"l1 be ) him2 let him g up to ,j]usalem & build ! h\se ( ! ,"l ( ,israel4 ,!n ! *ief ( ! families ( ,judea & ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 ! prie/s also1 & ! ,levites mov$ up to ,j]usalem to build an h\se = ! ,"l !re4 ,& !y 7 help$ 9 all ?+s ) silv] & gold1 ) horses & cattle1 & ) v _m free gifts4 ,k+ ,cyrus also br\ght =? ! holy vessels :i* ,nabu*odonosor _h c>ri$ away f ,j]usalem & _h set up 9 8 temple ( idols4 ,! vessels ( gold & ( silv] :i* 7 br\ght back by ,sanabass>1 toge!r ) !m ( ! captivity f ,babylon to ,j]usalem1 71 9 numb]1 five ?\s& f\r hundr$ ?ree score & n9e4 ,b 9 ! "t ( ,artax]xes1 ! build+ ( ! ,temple ceas$4 ,n[1 :5 ,d>ius reign$1 he made a great fea/ unto all ! gov]nors & capta9s t 7 "u him f ,india unto ,e?iopia1 ( an hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 prov9ces4 ,& :5 !y _h eat5 & drunk51 ?ree "y m5 t 7 ( ! gu>d t kept ! k+'s body /rove to excel ea* o!r 9 wise spee*es4 ,e "o wrote 8 s5t5ce & ref]r$ ! writ+s to ! judgm5t ( ! k+4 ,! fir/ decl>e? ! /r5g? ( w9e2 ! second decl>e? ! p[] ( a k+2 ! ?ird ! =ce ( wom5 & ( tru?4 ,! ?ird1 :o 0 ,zorobabel1 0 judg$ to be wise/2 & all ! p !n %\t$3 ,great is ,tru?1 & mighty above all ?+s4 ,!n said ! k+ unto him3 ,ask :at ?\ wilt1 & we w give x to !e1 because ?\ art f\nd wise/4 ,!n ,zorobabel said unto ! k+3 ,rememb] ?y v[ :i* ?\ ha/ v[$ to build ,j]usalem 9 ! day :5 ?\ came/ into ?y k+dom1 & to build up ! ,temple1 :i* ! ,edomites burn$ :5 ,judea 0 made desolate by ! ,*aldees4 ,!n ,d>ius ! k+ /ood up & kiss$ him1 & wrote lett]s = him unto all ! treasur]s & gov]nors t !y %\ld safely convey on _! way bo? him & all ^? t w5t ) him to build ,j]usalem4 ,he also wrote lett]s unto ! lieut5ants 9 ,celosyria1 ,ph5ice1 & ,libanus1 t !y %\ld br+ c$> wood f ,libanus to ,j]usalem2 & t !y %\ld build ! city4 ,!n ! families & tribes ) _! m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants & s++ m5 & wom51 escort$ by a ?\s& horsem5 :i* ,d>ius s5t ) !m1 7 br\ght back to ,j]usalem4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! second mon?1 9 ! second ye> aft] !y 7 come back to ,j]usalem1 ! f\ndation ( ! ,h\se ( ,god 0 laid2 & ! ,temple 0 f9i%$ 9 ! ?ree & tw5tie? day ( ! mon? ( ,ad>1 9 ! six? ye> ( ,d>ius1 & d$icat$ ) a great fea/ & sacrifices4 ,aft] ^! ?+s1 :5 ,artax]xes1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 reign$1 came ,esdras ( ! family ( ,a>on1 ! *ief prie/1 f ,babylon1 & ) him c]ta9 prie/s1 ,levites1 holy s+]s & m9i/]s ( ! ,temple unto ,j]usalem4 ,he br\ght commission f ! k+ to look into ! affairs ( ,judea & ,j]usalem1 agreeably to t :i* is 9 ! ,law ( ! ,"l1 & gifts ( vessels ( gold & silv] = ! use ( ! ,temple ( ! ,"l4 ,!n ,esdras made proclamation 9 all ,jewry & ,j]usalem to all !m :o 7 ( ! captivity1 t !y %\ld be ga!r$ toge!r at ,j]usalem4 ,?ree days aft] all ! multitude ga!r$ 9 ! broad c\rt ( ! ,temple1 & !y gave _! h&s to put away _! hea!n wives & *ildr51 & to (f] rams to make reconcilem5t = ! errors !y _h committ$4 ,& ,esdras /ood up ^u a pulpit ( wood1 :i* 0 made = t purpose1 & op5$ ! ,law ( ,moses to ! p4 ,s ,esdras bless$ ! ,"l ,god1 mo/ ,high1 ! ,god ( ,ho/s1 ,almighty4 ,& all ! p answ]$3 ,am52 &1 lift+ up _! h&s1 !y fell to ! gr\nd & wor%ipp$ ! ,"l1 say+3 ,?is day is holy unto ! ,"l2 = !y all wept :5 !y he>d ! ,law4 ,s ! ,levites publi%$ all ?+s to ! p1 say+3 ,?is day is holy to ! ,"l2 be n sorr[ful4 ,!n w5t !y _! way e "o to eat & dr9k1 & make m]ry & to give to !m t h no?+1 & to make great *e]4 ,,second ,,esdras ,! ^w ( ! ,"l came unto ! prophet ,esdras1 say+3 ,g ?y way1 & %[ my p _! s9ful de$s :i* !y h done aga9/ me1 = !y h =gott5 me1 & h (f]$ unto /range gods4 ,i ga!r$ y toge!r1 z a h5 ga!re? h] *ick5s "u h] w+s3 ,b n[ ,i w ca/ y out f my face4 ,!n ,esdras will$ to com=t ,israel1 b !y refus$1 & despis$ ! comm&m5ts ( ! ,"l2 !re=e he ann\nc$ t ! hea!n 7 call$ to ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,aft] t1 ,esdras saw ^u ! ,m\nt ,sion a great p :o prais$ ! ,"l ) songs2 & ! angel said unto him3 ,^! be !y t h put (f ! mortal clo?+1 & put on ! immortal1 & h confess$ ! "n ( ,god4 ,n[ are !y cr[n$1 & receive palms 9 _! h&s f ! ,son ( ,god 9 _! mid/4 ,9 ! ?irtie? ye> aft] ! ru9 ( ! city1 ,esdras 0 9 ,babylon & tr\bl$ because ( ! desolation ( ,sion4 ,he ackn[l$g$ to ,god ! s9s ( ! p1 yet compla9$ t ! hea!n :o 7 lords ov] !m 7 m wick$ ?an !y4 ,uriel1 ! angel1 !n said t :5 ,adam transgress$ ,god's /atutes ! way 0 made n>r[1 & ! days few & evil2 b1 behold1 ! "t %all come :5 my son ,jesus %all be reveal$ & %all die1 & all m5 t h life4 ,& aft] sev5 days ( sil5ce1 ! e>? %all re/ore ^? t are asleep1 & ! mo/ ,high %all appe> ^u ! seat ( judgm5t2 & mis]y %all pass away b judgm5t %all rema92 tru? %all /&2 & fai? wax /rong4 ,!n ,esdras said3 ,i "k ! mo/ ,high is call$ m]ciful1 & he p>done?2 = if he did n s t !y :i* h committ$ iniquities might be eas$ ( !m1 ! t5 ?\s&? "p ( m5 %\ld n rema9 liv+2 !re %\ld be v few left1 p]adv5ture1 9 an innum]able multitude4 ,& ! angel answ]$3 ,!re be _m creat$1 b few %all be sav$4 ,e "o t %all be sav$ %all be able to escape by 8 works & by fai?1 & !n !y %all be %[n great wond]s4 ,& x came to pass t a voice out ( a bu% call$ ,esdras1 :i* prophesi$ t ,god w\ld take v5geance ^u ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,babylon1 & ,asia2 t ! s]vants ( ! ,"l mu/ look = tr\bles1 & n hide _! s9s b dep>t f evil1 & !y w\ld be deliv]$ because ,god is _! guide4 ,,tobit ,?is is ! ,book ( ,tobit1 ( ! tribe ( ,neph?ali1 :o 9 ! "t ( ,enemess>1 ,k+ ( ! ,assyrians1 0 l$ captive to ,n9eve4 ,tobit 9 captivity /ill rememb]$ ,god ) all 8 he>t1 & 0 depriv$ ( 8 goods "u ,k+ ,s5na*]ib = privily bury+ fell[-captives :o _h be5 kill$4 ,!n ,tobit1 :o became bl9d1 rememb]$ t he _h 9 ! days ( 8 prosp]ity committ$ to ,gabael 9 ,rages ( ,m$ia ! sum ( t5 tal5ts2 & he call$ 8 son ,tobias to g =? & seek ,gabael1 giv+ him h&writ+4 ,tobias s\ght a guide & f\nd ,raphael1 :o 0 an angel ?\gh ,tobias knew x n1 & :o said he knew & _h lodg$ ) ,gabael4 ,s !y w5t =? bo?4 ,:5 ,tobias & ,raphael came to ! ,riv] ,tigris1 a fi% leap$ out ( ! wat] & w\ld h dev\r$ him1 b ! "y man laid hold ( x1 & drew x to l&4 ,! ,angel bade ,tobias op5 ! fi%1 & take ! he>t & ! liv] & ! gall1 & put !m up safely4 ,! "y man said to ! ,angel3 ,to :at use are ^!8 ,& ! ,angel said3 ,t\*+ ! he>t & ! liv]1 if an evil _s tr\ble any1 we mu/ make a smoke !re(1 & ! p>ty %all be no m vex$4 ,z = ! gall3 x is good to ano9t a man t a :it5ess 9 8 eyes %all be heal$4 ,:5 !y came ne> to ,rages1 ! ,angel said3 ,to-day we %all lodge ) ,raguel1 :o is ?y c\s9 & ha? an only daught] nam$ ,s>a4 ,! maid is fair & wise1 & ,i w speak t %e may be giv5 !e z a wife4 ,!n ! "y man answ]$ ! ,angel1 t he _h he>d t ?is maid _h be5 giv5 to sev5 m5 :o all di$ 9 ! m>riage *amb]1 & he fe>$ le/ he %\ld also die4 ,b ! ,angel said3 ,fe> n1 = %e is appo9t$ unto !e f ! beg9n+4 ,n[ !y came to ! h\se ( ,raguel1 & ,s>a met !m & br\ght !m !re94 ,raguel & ,edna 8 wife recognis$ ,tobias z a k9sman1 & kiss$ & bless$ him4 ,tobias & ,raphael 7 ent]ta9$ *e]fully2 & aft] ,raphael _h communicat$ ) ,raguel1 ,edna1 8 wife1 0 call$ & an in/rum5t ( cov5ants ( m>riage betwe5 ,s>a & ,tobias 7 writt5 & seal$4 ,& a *amb] 0 prep>$ = !m by ,edna1 :o bless$ ,s>a & ask$ ! ,"l ( ,heav5 & ,e>? to give h] joy4 ,& :5 !y _h all supp$1 ,tobias 0 br\ght 9 unto ,s>a4 ,&1 z he w5t he rememb]$ ! words ( ,raphael1 & put ! he>t & liv] ( ! fi% ^u ! a%es ( ! p]fume1 & made a smoke !re)4 ,:5 ! evil _s _h smell$ ! smoke he fl$ into ! utmo/ p>ts ( ,egypt1 :]e an angel b\nd him4 ,!n ,tobias & ,s>a arose & pray$ t ,god w\ld h pity ^u !m1 & bless !m1 & m]cifully orda9 t !y might become ag$ toge!r4 ,s !y slept bo? t night4 ,raguel prais$ ,god because ! ,"l _h _h m]cy ^u two t 7 ! only begott5 *ildr5 ( _! fa!rs1 & pray$ t !y might f9i% _! life 9 heal? & joy4 ,raphael !n w5t to ,rages to ,gabael = ! money1 & ! two return$ to ,raguel's h\se ) ! bags seal$ up4 ,n[ ,tobit & 8 wife long$ = _! son1 & ,tobias said to ,raguel3 ,let me g1 = my fa!r & "m look no m to see me4 ,!n ,raguel gave him ,s>a1 8 wife1 & half 8 goods1 s]vants1 cattle & money4 ,& he & ,edna bless$ !m & s5t !m away4 ,aft] a prosp]\s j\rney1 !y drew ne> unto ,n9eve4 ,!n ,raphael told ,tobias to make ha/e be=e 8 wife to prep>e ! h\se1 & to take 9 8 h& ! gall ( ! fi%4 ,n[ ,anna sat look+ ab\t t[>d ! way = h] son1 & :5 %e espi$ him com+1 %e said to 8 fa!r3 ,behold1 ?y son come? & ! man t w5t ) him4 ,& ,anna ran =?1 & fell ^u ! neck ( h] son & said3 ,f h5ce=? ,i am cont5t to die4 ,tobias met 8 fa!r at ! door1 & /rake ( ! gall on 8 fa!r's eyes1 say+3 ,be ( good hope1 my fa!r4 ,& ,tobit recov]$ 8 sight4 ,:5 he saw 8 son1 he fell ^u 8 neck & wept1 & bless$ ,god4 ,!n ,tobit w5t out to meet 8 daught]-9-law at ! gate ( ,n9eve1 & welcom$ & bless$ h]2 & !re 0 joy among all 8 bre?r5 :i* 7 at ,n9eve4 ,tobit (f]$ to ,raphael half ( all t _h be5 br\ght f ,rages2 b ,raphael call$ him & ,tobias ap>t & exhort$ !m to praise & magnify ! ,"l = all ! ?+s :i* he _h done unto !m2 & told !m t he1 ,raphael1 0 "o ( ! sev5 holy angels :i* pres5t ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts1 & :i* g 9 & out be=e ! glory ( ! ,holy ,"o4 ,!n !y 7 bo? tr\bl$ & fell ^u _! faces2 b he said3 ,fe> n1 = x %all g well ) y4 ,i g up to him t s5t me2 b write all ! ?+s :i* 7 done 9 a book4 ,& :5 !y arose !y saw him no m4 ,tobit wrote a pray] ( rejoic+1 say+3 ,9 ! l& ( my captivity d ,i praise !e1 ,o ,"l1 & decl>e ?y might & maje/y to a s9ful nation4 ,= ,j]usalem %all be built up1 h] walls & t[]s & battlem5ts re/or$4 ,& all h] /reets %all say3 ,alleluia4 ,& :5 he 0 v ag$1 ,tobit call$ 8 son & ! six sons ( 8 son1 & bade !m g into ,m$ia1 = he 0 ready to dep>t out ( ?is life1 & he surely believ$ t :i* ,jonas ! prophet spake ( ,n9eve1 t x %\ld be ov]?r[n4 ,:5 he _h said ^! ?+s he gave up ! gho/4 ,tobias dep>t$ ) 8 wife to ,m$ia1 & di$ !re2 b be=e he di$ he he>d ( ! de/ruction ( ,n9eve1 :i* 0 tak5 by ,nabu*odonosor4 ,,judi? ,9 ! days ( ,arphaxad1 :i* reign$ ov] ! ,m$es 9 ,ecbatane1 he =tifi$ ,ecbatane ) great /one walls1 & t[]s & gates1 = ! go+ =? ( 8 mighty armies4 ,nabu*odonosor1 :o reign$ 9 ,n9eve1 made w> ) ,k+ ,arphaxad1 & s5t ambassadors to ,cilicia1 ,damascus & ,syria1 & ! l& ( ,moab & ,ammon & ,judea & all ,egypt ask+ aid2 b ! inhabitants !re( made light ( ! comm&m5t1 & s5t away 8 ambassadors ) disgrace4 ,!re=e1 ,nabu*odonosor 0 v angry1 & sw>e by 8 ?rone t he w\ld be av5g$ ^u all ! inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries1 & w\ld slay !m ) ! sword4 ,nabu*odonosor1 9 ! sev5te5? ye> ( 8 reign1 m>*$ 9 battle array aga9/ ,arphaxad & ov]?rew 8 p[] &1 all 8 horsem5 & *>iots1 & took 8 cities ev5 unto ,ecbatane1 & spoil$ ! /reets !re(1 & turn$ ! beauty ( ! city into %ame4 ,he also took ,arphaxad 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,ragau & smote him4 ,s he return$ to ,n9eve ) all 8 company ( sundry nations & fea/$4 ,9 ! eighte5? ye>1 ,nabu*odonosor call$ ! *ief capta9 ( 8 army1 ,hol(]nes1 & comm&$ him to take "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& footm5 & twelve ?\s& horsem5 & g aga9/ all ! we/ c\ntry because !y _h disobey$ 8 comm&m5t4 ,he *>g$ also ,hol(]nes to sp>e none t w\ld n yield1 & put !m to ! slaught]1 & spoil !m4 ,& ! army w5t =? ) a great numb] ( allies l locu/s into ,cilicia1 & de/roy$ ,phud & ,lud1 & all ! *ildr5 ( ,rasses & ,i%mael4 ,!n ! army w5t ov] ,euphrates & w5t ?r\gh ,mesopotamia1 & de/roy$ all ! high cities on ! riv] ,arbonai to ! sea1 & !n to ,japhe? ov] aga9/ ,arabia1 & ,m$ia & ,damascus1 & burn$ up _! tab]nacles1 de/roy$ _! flocks & h]ds1 utt]ly wa/$ _! c\ntries1 & smote all _! "y m5 ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,!n fe> fell ^u ! inhabitants ( ,tyrus & ,sidon1 on ! sea coa/s1 :o s5t ambassadors unto ,hol(]nes1 & made submission4 ,he receiv$ !m1 yet he ca/ d[n _! fronti]s1 cut d[n _! groves1 de/roy$ all ! gods ( ! l&1 & decre$ t all ! nations %\ld wor%ip ,nabu*odonosor only1 & call ^u him z ,god4 ,n[1 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel t dwelt 9 ,judea1 :o 7 newly return$ f captivity1 7 exce$+ly afraid = ,j]usalem & = ! ,temple ( ! ,"l _! ,god4 ,!re=e1 !y possess$ !mselves ( all tops ( ! high m\nta9s1 & =tifi$ ! villages1 & laid up victuals = ! provision ( w>4 ,& ,joacim & all ! prie/s m9i/]$ unto ! ,"l 9 ! ,temple1 & (f]$ sacrifices & pray$ t he w\ld n give ! *ildr5 ( ,israel = a prey1 _! wives = a spoil1 ! cities ( _! inh]itance to de/ruction1 & ! sanctu>y to pr(anation4 ,hol(]nes 0 v angry :5 he he>d ?is4 ,& ,a*ior1 capta9 ( ! sons ( ,ammon1 told ,hol(]nes :at ! ,jews 71 _! hi/ory1 & :at _! ,god _h done = !m2 & advis$ ,hol(]nes n to m$dle ) !m4 ,!re 0 !n tumult 9 ! c\ncil ( ! ,assyrian ho/1 & ,hol(]nes despis$ ! ,god ( ! p ( ,israel1 & s5t ,a*ior to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel t 7 9 ,be?ulia1 9 ! hill c\ntry4 ,!n ,hol(]nes ) all 8 army besieg$ ,be?ulia1 & took possession ( ! f\nta9s ( wat]1 s t ! inhabitants fa9t$ = ?ir/1 & !re 0 no long] any /r5g? 9 !m4 ,!y murmur$ aga9/ ! gov]nors1 & call$ ^u !m to deliv] ! city to ,hol(]nes & 8 army4 ,ozias1 ! *ief ( ! city1 said3 ,bre?r51 be ( good c\rage2 let u yet endure five days1 9 :i* space ! ,"l our ,god may turn 8 m]cy t[>ds u2 = he w n =sake u utt]ly4 ,n[ ,judi? he>d !re(4 ,%e 0 a wid[ & 0 ( a goodly c\nt5ance & v beautiful to behold1 & %e fe>$ ,god greatly4 ,judi? s5t = ! anci5ts ( ! city1 & blam$ !m = provok+ ! ,"l to ang] by _! lack ( tru/1 & %e promis$ t %e w\ld d a ?+ )9 ! days be=e ! city 0 to be deliv]$ to _! enemies :i* %\ld g ?r\gh\t all g5]ations to ! *ildr5 ( ! nation4 ,!n ,judi? w5t to ! ,h\se ( ! ,"l & fell ^u h] face & call$ ^u ! ,"l :o breake/ ! battles to bless h] purpose4 ,%e w5t !reaft] to h] h\se1 put (f ! g>m5ts ( wid[hood & ( sackclo?1 & ba!d1 & ano9t$ h]self ) preci\s o9tm5t1 & put on ! g>m5ts ( gladness1 ) bracelets & *a9s & r+s & ornam5ts to lure ! eyes ( all ! m5 t %\ld see h]4 ,!n %e w5t =? ) h] maid out ( ! city ( ,be?ulia into ! camp ( ! ,assyrians1 & 0 tak5 by ! gu>d to ! t5t ( ,hol(]nes1 :o m>vell$ at h] beauty4 ,hol(]nes ask$ ,judi? ! cause ( h] com+1 & %e decl>$ t if he w\ld foll[ h] words1 he & 8 army w\ld be l$ by h] ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,judea unto ,j]usalem :]e9 he w\ld set op 8 ?rone4 ,hol(]nes & all 8 s]vants 7 pleas$1 & said !re 0 n su* a woman 9 all ! e>? = beauty ( face & wisdom ( words4 ,judi? w\ld n eat ( ! meats & w9e :i* ,hol(]nes (f]$ h]1 b p>took only ( ! provisions :i* h] maid _h br\ght ) h] 9 a bag4 ,!n %e 0 br\ght into a t5t & abode 9 ! camp ?ree days1 go+ out e night into ! valley ( ,be?ulia to pray4 ,9 ! f\r? day ,hol(]nes made a fea/1 & said to ,bagoas1 ! eunu*1 to g & p]suade ! ,hebrew woman to come & eat & dr9k ) him & 8 (fic]s4 ,judi? arose & deck$ h]self1 & w5t 9 & sat on ! gr\nd on s(t sk9s ov] aga9/ ,hol(]nes1 ^: he>t 0 ravi%$ ) h]1 & 8 m9d mov$1 & he desir$ greatly h] company4 ,n[ ,judi? took & ate & drank :at h] maid _h prep>$1 & ,hol(]nes 0 greatly delight$ ) h]1 & drank mu* m w9e ?an he _h drunk at any "t 9 "o day s9ce he 0 born4 ,judi?1 :5 ! ev5+ 0 come1 0 left alone ) ,hol(]nes1 & ! s]vants 7 dismiss$4 ,!n %e came to ! pill> ( ! b$1 :i* 0 at ,hol(]nes's head1 took d[n 8 fau*ion1 seiz$ hold ( ! hair ( 8 head1 & said3 ,/r5g!n me1 ,o ,"l ,god ( ,israel1 ?is day4 ,& %e smote twice ^u 8 neck ) all h] might1 & took away 8 head f him4 ,%e put ! head 9 h] bag ( meat & gave x to h] maid1 & ! twa9 w5t =? toge!r1 accord+ to _! cu/om1 z unto pray]1 & pass$ ! camp4 ,!n came !y to ,be?ulia1 & 7 admitt$ into ! city2 & ! p 7 a/oni%$ wond]fully & wor%ipp$ ,god1 & said3 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,o our ,god1 :i* ha/ ?is day br\ght to n\ght ! enemies ( ?y p4 ,! head ( ,hol(]nes 0 hang$ up on ! highe/ place ( ! city walls1 & ! m5 ( ,israel w5t =? by b&s into ! passes ( ! m\nta94 ,:5 ! ,assyrians saw ?is1 !y s5t to ,hol(]nes's t5t1 & said t ! slaves ( ,israelites _h come =? aga9/ !m 9 battle4 ,!n ,bagoas w5t into ! t5t & f\nd ! body ( ,hol(]nes ca/ ^u ! gr\nd & 8 head tak5 away4 ,:5 also he f\nd n ,judi?1 he leap$ out to ! p & told !m2 & great fe> & trembl+ fell ^u !m1 & !y fl$1 be+ *as$ until pa/ ,damascus & ! bord]s !re( by ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 :o gat _m spoils4 ,!n ,judi? sang a song ( ?anksgiv+ 9 all ,israel1 & ! p sang aft] h]4 ,%e d$icat$ ! spoil ( ,hol(]nes1 :i* ! p _h giv5 h]1 = a gift unto ! ,"l2 & :5 %e di$ 9 ,be?ulia1 a wid[ ( great hon\r1 all ,israel did lam5t4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,e/h] ,^! are ! *apt]s ( ! ,book ( ,e/h]1 :i* are f\nd nei!r 9 ! ,hebrew nor 9 ! ,*aldee4 ,9 ! second ye> ( ! reign ( ,artax]xes ! ,great1 ,m>do*eus1 :o 0 a ,jew & dwelt 9 ! city ( ,susa1 _h a dream4 ,& ! same night he ov]he>d two eunu*s plott+ to lay h&s on ,artax]xes1 & he1 be+ a s]vitor 9 ! k+'s c\rt1 told ! k+2 & ! eunu*s1 aft] exam9ation1 7 /rangl$4 ,aman1 because ( ?is1 induc$ ,artax]xes to write to all ! pr9ces & gov]nors f ,india unto ,e?iopia to de/roy all ! ,jews1 ) _! wives & *ildr51 )\t pity1 on ! f\rte5? day ( ! twelf? mon? ( ,ad>4 ,m>do*eus & ,que5 ,e/h]1 be+ 9 ! fe> ( dea?1 resort$ unto ! ,"l1 & pray$ = deliv]ance1 & = ! pres]vation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,on ! ?ird day1 ,que5 ,e/h] come? unto ! k+'s pres5ce2 & %e 0 ruddy ?r\gh ! p]fection ( h] beauty1 b h] he>t 0 9 angui% = fe>4 ,! k+ looke? angrily at h] z %e /ood be=e 8 royal ?rone1 & %e fa9te?4 ,!n ,god *ang$ ! _s ( ! k+1 :o leap$ f 8 ?rone1 took h] 9 8 arms1 say+3 ,be ( good *e]1 ?\ %alt n die1 ?\gh our comm&m5t be g5]al4 ,z he 0 speak+1 %e fell a second "t = fa9tness1 & ! k+ 0 tr\bl$ & all 8 s]vants com=t$ h]4 ,artax]xes !n wrote a lett] to all ! pr9ces :]e9 he tax$ ,aman1 ! ,mac$onian1 ) hav+ by manifold & cunn+ deceits s\ght ! de/ruction ( ,m>do*eus1 :o _h sav$ ! k+'s life1 & also ( ! blameless ,e/h]1 p>tak] ( 8 k+dom1 ) _! :ole nation4 ,! k+ revok$ ! decree procur$ by ,aman1 :o1 ) all 8 family1 0 hang$ at ! gates ( ,susa4 ,& ! k+ comm&$ ! day ( _! deliv]ance to be kept holy4 ,,! ,,wisdom ,,( ,,solomon ,love righte\sness1 ye t be judges ( ! e>?1 = into a malici\s s\l wisdom %all n ent]4 ,! _s ( ! ,"l fille? ! _w3 !re=e he t speake? unrighte\s ?+s _c be hid4 ,seek n dea? 9 ! error ( y\r life3 = ,god made n dea?1 & righte\sness is immortal4 ,! ungodly reason1 b n aright3 life is %ort & t$i\s1 :i*1 be+ ext+ui%$1 our bodies %all be turn$ into a%es1 & our _s vani% z ! s(t air4 ,come1 !re=e1 let u enjoy ! good ?+s t are pres5t4 ,_! own wick$ness ha? bl9d$ !m1 = ,god creat$ man to be immortal4 ,nev]!less1 ?r\gh envy ( ! devil came dea? into ! _w4 ,! s\ls ( ! righte\s are 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 & !re %all no torm5ts t\* !m4 ,hav+ be5 a little *a/is$ !y %all be greatly rew>d$4 ,bett] to h no *ildr5 & to h virtue2 = *ildr5 begott5 ( unlawful b$s are witnesses aga9/ _! p>5ts4 ,hon\rable age is n measur$ by numb] ( ye>s4 ,he1 be+ made p]fect 9 a %ort "t1 fulfill$ a long "t4 ,= 8 s\l pleas$ ! ,"l3 ,!re=e1 ha/$ he to take him away f among ! wick$4 ,?is ! p saw & und]/ood x n1 nei!r laid !y up ?is 9 _! m9ds4 ,t 8 grace & m]cy are ) 8 sa9ts1 & t he ha? respect unto 8 *os54 ,! wick$ wond] at ! godly1 & say3 ,:at ha? pride pr(it$ u8 ,& :at good ha? ri*es1 ) our vaunt+1 br\ght u8 ,all ^? ?+s are pass$ away l a %ad[4 ,! hope ( ! ungodly is l du/ t is bl[n away3 b ! righte\s live = ev]more3 _! rew>d is a beautiful cr[n f ! ,"l's h&4 ,wisdom is easily f\nd ( su* z seek h]1 !re=e pr9ces mu/ desire h]2 = a wise pr9ce is ! /ay ( 8 p4 ,he t ha? ,wisdom ha? e good ?+4 ,moreov]1 by h] means man %all obta9 immortality1 & leave beh9d him an ev]la/+ memorial4 ,,! ,,wisdom ,,( ,,jesus ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,sira*2 ,,or ,,ecclesia/icus4 ,!re are two prologues to ?is book4 ,! fir/ is by an unc]ta9 au?or1 /at+ t ! book is ! compilation ( ?ree h&s & is 9 imitation ( ! ,book ( ,solomon4 ,! second prologue is by ,jesus1 ! son ( ,sira* & gr&*ild to ,jesus ( ! same "n1 :o _h read ! law & ! prophets & o!r books ( ! fa!rs1 & _h be5 drawn himself to write some?+ p]ta9+ to wisdom & le>n+4 ,com+ into ,egypt :5 ,eu]getes 0 k+1 ,jesus1 son ( ,sira*1 f\nd a book ( no small le>n+ & be/[$ dilig5ce & travail to int]pret x1 & to br+ x to an end4 ,! foll[+ are among ! precepts giv53 ,all wisdom come? f ! ,"l3 %e is ) all fle% accord+ to 8 gift4 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( wisdom1 & drive? away s9s4 ,my son1 if ?\ come to s]ve ! ,"l1 prep>e ?y s\l = temptation4 ,set ?y he>t aright1 & con/antly endure4 ,woe be to fe>ful he>ts2 b !y t fe> ! ,"l %all be fill$ ) ! law4 ,:oso hon\re? 8 fa!r make? an atonem5t = 8 s9s4 ,he t hon\re? 8 "m laye? up treasure4 ,seek n out ! ?+s t are too h>d = !e3 pr(ess n ! k t ?\ ha/ n4 ,defraud n ! poor ( 8 liv+3 & be n fa9!>t$ :5 ?\ sitte/ 9 judgm5t4 ,set n ?y he>t ^u ?y goods1 = ! ,"l w surely rev5ge ?y pride4 ,w9n[ n ) e w9d1 & let ?y life be s9c]e4 ,d n extol ?y own conceit3 if ?\ w\ld/ get a fri5d1 prove him fir/4 ,a fai?ful fri5d is a /rong def5ce4 ,seek n ( ! ,"l preem95ce3 humble ?y s\l greatly4 ,fe> ! ,"l1 & rev]5ce 8 prie/s4 ,/ret* ?9e h& unto ! poor1 & m\rn ) !m t m\rn4 ,/rive n ) a mighty man3 k9dle n ! coals ( a s9n]4 ,l5d n unto him t is mighti] ?an ?yself3 be n surety above ?y p[]4 ,g n to law ) a judge3 consult n ) a fool4 ,judge none bless$ be=e 8 dea?4 ,he t t\*e? pit* %all be d5i$ !re)3 l w to l4 ,say n ?\3 x is ?r\gh ! ,"l t ,i fell away3 ,he has caus$ me to err4 ,! ,"l made man f ! beg9n+ & left him 9 ! h& ( 8 c\nsel4 ,he has comm&$ no man to d wick$ly1 nei!r has he giv5 any man lic5ce to s94 ,! k ( wick$ness is n wisdom3 nei!r at any "t ! c\nsel ( s9n]s prud5ce4 ,:oso discov]e? secrets lose? 8 cr$it & %all nev] f9d fri5d to 8 m9d4 ,heal? & good e/ate ( body are above all gold4 ,!re is no joy above ! joy ( ! he>t4 ,give n ov] ?y m9d to heav9ess3 ! joyfulness ( a man prolonge? 8 days4 ,envy & wra? %ort5 life3 c>efulness br+e? age be=e ! "t4 ,!n foll[ praises ( a good h\sehold]1 a good physician1 a wise int]pret] ( ! law1 & injunctions z to h[ a man %\ld be> ! mis]ies ( life1 & face ! approa* ( dea?4 ,& ! book concludes ) praises ( ! ,patri>*s & ! ,prophets4 ,,b>u* ,b>u*1 ! son ( ,n]ias1 wrote a book 9 ,babylon :at "t ! ,*aldeans took ,j]usalem & burnt x ) fire4 ,b>u* read ! words ( 8 book 9 ! he>+ ( ,je*onias1 ! son ( ! ,k+ ( ,juda1 & 9 ! e>s ( all ! p4 ,! ,jews wept at ! read+ ( x1 by ! riv] ,sud1 & made a collection ( money to s5d to ,j]usalem1 unto ! ,high ,prie/ ,joa*im1 to buy burnt (f]+s & s9 (f]+s & inc5se1 & to prep>e manna to be (f]$ ^u ! alt> ( ! ,"l4 ,! p at ,j]usalem are ask$ also to pray = ! life ( ,nabu*odonosor1 ,k+ ( ,babylon1 & 8 son ,bal?as>1 & = ^? :o s5t ! gifts & ! book4 ,! book beg9s ) a pray] & confession :i* ! ,jews at ,babylon make1 ackn[l$g+ t !y are yet ?is day 9 captivity = a reproa* & a curse1 & to be subject to paym5ts accord+ to all ! iniquities ( _! fa!rs :i* dep>t$ f ! ,"l our ,god4 ,!n beg9ne? ! book3 ,he>1 ,israel1 ! comm&m5ts ( life3 give e> to und]/& wisdom4 ,let !m t dwell ab\t ,sion come1 & rememb] ! captivity ( my sons & daught]s1 :i* ! ,ev]la/+ ha? br\ght ^u !m4 ,be ( good *e]1 ,o my *ildr51 cry+ unto ! ,"l1 & ,he %all deliv] y f ! p[] & h& ( ! enemies4 ,i s5t y out ) m\rn+ & weep+3 b ,god w give y to me aga9 ) joy & gladness = ev]4 ,put (f1 ,o ,j]usalem1 ! g>m5t ( ?y m\rn+ & affliction1 & put on ! comel9ess ( ! glory t come? f ,god = ev]2 = behold1 ?y *ildr5 ga!re? f ! we/ & f ! ea/ & return out ( captivity ) glory4 ,) ?is book ( ,b>u* !re is an ,epi/le ( ,j]emy1 :i* he s5t unto !m t 7 to be l$ captive into ,babylon because ( _! s9s4 ,! prophet describes ! idols & ! conduct ( ! prie/s & ^? :o att5d ! hea!n temples & w>ns ! captives n to wor%ip ! false gods 9 ,babylon4 ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,holy ,,*ildr5 ,?is ,song is n 9 ! ,hebrew ( ! ,book ( ,daniel4 ,!y walk$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! fire prais+ ,god & bless+ ! ,"l4 ,az>ias op5$ 8 m\? 9 ! mid/ ( ! flame & made confession ( s9s1 & pray] = deliv]ance to ! confusion ( _! enemies4 ,:]eupon1 ! k+'s s]vants t put !m 9 ceas$ n to make ! ov5 hot ) ros91 pit*1 t[1 & small wood1 s t ! flame pass$ ?r\gh & burn$ ^? ,*aldeans x f\nd ab\t ! furnace4 ,b ! ,angel ( ! ,"l came d[n into ! ov5 & made ! mid/ ( ! furnace z x _h be5 a moi/ :i/l+ w9d1 s t ! fire t\*$ ,az>ias & 8 fell[s n at all1 nei!r hurt nor tr\bl$ !m4 ,!n ! ?ree1 z out ( "o m\?1 prais$1 glorifi$1 & bless$ ,god 9 ! furnace1 say+3 ,! ,"l ha? deliv]$ u f hell1 & sav$ u f ! h& ( dea?3 = 8 m]cy endure? = ev]4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,susanna ,!re dwelt a man 9 ,babylon call$ ,joacim4 ,& he took a wife ^: "n 0 ,susanna1 a v fair woman1 & "o t fe>$ ! ,"l4 ,! same ye> 7 appo9t$ two ( ! anci5ts ( ! p to be judges2 & !y saw ,susanna walk+ 9 h] husb&'s g>d51 & _! lu/ 0 inflam$ t[>ds h]4 ,n[1 ,susanna w5t into ! g>d5 to ba!1 = x 0 hot1 & dismiss$ h] maids4 ,! two eld]s1 :o _h hidd5 9 ! g>d51 rose up & said3 ,cons5t & lie ) u4 ,if ?\ wilt n1 we w be> witness aga9/ !e t a "y man 0 ) !e1 & !re=e ?\ did/ s5d ?y maids away4 ,!n ,susanna cri$ ) a l\d voice1 & ! two eld]s cri$ out aga9/ h]1 & decl>$ _! matt]4 ,! s]vants ru%$ 9 at ! privy door & 7 greatly a%am$1 = !re 0 nev] su* a report made ( ,susanna4 ,x came to pass ! next day :5 ! p 7 assembl$ to h] husb& ,joacim1 ) ! two eld]s full ( mis*iev\s imag9ation aga9/ ,susanna1 ^! wick$ m5 comm&$ ,susanna to uncov] h] face t !y might be fill$ ) h] beauty1 & h] fri5ds & all t saw h] wept4 ,!n ! eld]s made _! *>ge :i* !y _h agre$ ^u aga9/ ,susanna1 & ! assembl$ p believ$ !m3 s !y condemn$ h] to dea?4 ,!n ,susanna cri$ to ! ,ev]la/+ ,god1 say+3 ,?\ kn[e/ t !y h borne false witness aga9/ me1 & t ,i nev] did su* ?+s z ^! m5 h malici\sly inv5t$ aga9/ me4 ,& ! ,"l he>d h] voice4 ,:5 %e 0 l$ to be put to dea?1 ! ,"l rais$ up ! holy _s ( a y\? nam$ ,daniel1 :o said3 ,are ye su* fools1 ye sons ( ,israel1 t )\t exam9ation or k ( ! tru? ye h condemn$ a daught] ( ,israel8 ,!n ,daniel put ! two eld]s aside1 "o f> f ! o!r1 to exam9e !m4 ,to ! fir/ he said3 ,if ?\ ha/ se5 h]1 "u :at tree sawe/ ?\ !m company+ toge!r8 ,he answ]$3 ,"u a ma/ic tree4 ,daniel said3 ,v well2 & he put him aside & comm&$ ! o!r to be br\ght4 ,tell me1 he said1 "u :at tree did/ ?\ take !m company+ toge!r8 ,he answ]$3 ,"u an holm tree4 ,!n ,daniel said3 ,^! m5 h li$ aga9/ _! own heads1 = ev5 n[ ! ,angel ( ,god waite? ) ! sword t he may de/roy !m4 ,!n all ! assembly arose aga9/ ! two eld]s1 = ,daniel _h convict$ !m ( false witness by _! own m\?2 & !y put !m to dea?4 ,?us ! innoc5t blood 0 sav$ ! same day2 & f t "t =? 0 ,daniel _h 9 great reputation 9 ! sight ( ! p4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,bel ,,& ,,! ,,dragon ,:5 ,cyrus ( ,p]sia receiv$ 8 k+dom1 ,daniel conv]s$ ) him1 & 0 hon\r$ above all 8 fri5ds4 ,n[1 ! ,babylonians _h an idol call$ ,bel1 :i* ! k+ wor%ipp$1 b ,daniel wor%ipp$ 8 own ,god4 ,! k+ said unto him3 ,:y do/ ?\ n wor%ip ,bel8 ,daniel answ]$3 ,because ,i may n wor%ip idols made ) h&s1 b ! liv+ ,god4 ,!n ! k+ said3 ,?9ke/ ?\ n t ,bel is a liv+ god8 ,see/ ?\ n h[ mu* he eate? & dr9ke? e day8 ,!n ,daniel smil$ & said3 ,o k+1 be n deceiv$2 = ?is is b clay )9 & brass )\t1 & x nev] eate? or dr9ke? any?+4 ,!n trial 0 made by ord] ( ! k+1 & meat & w9e 7 set 9 ! temple1 ! door made fa/1 & seal$ ) ! k+'s signet4 ,! prie/s ( ,bel 7 ?ree score & t51 besides _! wives & *ildr51 & !y little reg>d$ ! trial1 = "u ! table !y _h made a privy entrance1 :]eby !y ent]$ ! temple cont9ually & consum$ ! meat & ! w9e4 ,b ,daniel _h comm&$ 8 s]vants to /rew ! temple floor ) a%es1 be=e ! door 0 %ut & seal$4 ,n[1 9 ! night came ! prie/s ) _! wives & *ildr51 z !y 7 wont1 & did eat & dr9k up all4 ,9 ! morn+ betimes ! k+ arose1 & ,daniel ) him4 ,z soon z ! door 0 op5$1 ! k+ look$ ^u ! table1 & cri$ ) a l\d voice3 ,great art ?\1 ,o ,bel1 & ) !e is no deceit at all4 ,!n laugh$ ,daniel1 & said3 ,behold ! pavem5t1 & m>k well ^: foot/eps are ^!4 ,& ! k+ saw ! foot/eps ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 & 0 angry :5 he 0 %[n ! privy doors :]e !y came 9 & consum$ su* ?+s z 7 ^u ! table4 ,!re=e ! k+ slew !m1 & deliv]$ ,bel into ,daniel's p[]1 :o de/roy$ ! idol & ! temple4 ,9 ! same place !re 0 a great dragon1 :i* !y ( ,babylon wor%ipp$4 ,! k+ said to ,daniel3 ,lo6 ?is dragon live?1 eate?1 dr9ke?2 ?\ can/ n say t he is no liv+ god2 !re=e wor%ip him4 ,!n said ,daniel3 ,i w wor%ip ! ,"l1 = he is ! liv+ ,god4 ,b give me leave1 ,o k+1 & ,i %all slay ?is dragon )\t sword or /aff4 ,! k+ gave him leave1 & ,daniel took pit*1 & fat1 & hair1 & did see! !m toge!r1 & made lumps !re(4 ,^! he put 9 ! dragon's m\?1 & ! dragon bur/ 9 sund]4 ,!n ,daniel said3 ,lo1 ^! are ! gods ye wor%ip6 ,:5 !y ( ,babylon he>d t1 !y conspir$ aga9/ ! k+1 say+3 ,! k+ is become a ,jew4 ,s !y came to ! k+1 & said3 ,deliv] u ,daniel1 or else we w de/roy !e & ?9e h\se4 ,be+ sore con/ra9$1 ! k+ deliv]$ ,daniel unto !m1 & !y ca/ him into ! lions' d51 :]e he 0 six days1 dur+ :i* ! sev5 lions 7 giv5 no c>cases1 to ! int5t t !y might dev\r ,daniel4 ,n[1 !re 0 9 ,jewry a prophet call$ ,habakkuk :o made pottage & brok5 bread to take to ! reap]s 9 ! field4 ,an ,angel ( ! ,"l said unto ,habakkuk3 ,g1 c>ry ! d9n] t ?\ ha/ into ,babylon unto ,daniel1 :o is 9 ! lions' d54 ,& ,habakkuk said3 ,"l1 ,i nev] saw ,babylon2 nei!r d ,i "k :]e ! d5 is4 ,!n ! ,angel ( ! ,"l took ,habakkuk by ! cr[n1 & b>e him by ! hair ( 8 head1 & ?r\gh ! vehem5cy ( 8 _s set him 9 ,babylon ov] ! d54 ,& ,habakkuk cri$3 ,o ,daniel1 take ! d9n] :i* ,god has s5t !e4 ,& ,daniel said3 ,?\ ha/ rememb]$ me1 ,o ,god3 nei!r ha/ ?\ =sak5 !m t seek !e & love !e4 ,s ,daniel arose1 & did eat3 ,& ! ,angel ( ! ,"l set ,habakkuk 9 8 own place imm$iately4 ,^u ! sev5? day ! k+ w5t to bewail ,daniel2 & :5 he came to ! d51 behold1 ,daniel 0 sitt+4 ,!n cri$ ! k+ ) a l\d voice1 say+3 ,great art ?\1 ,o ,"l ,god ( ,daniel1 & !re is none o!r besides !e4 ,& he drew ,daniel out1 & ca/ ^? t 7 ! cause ( 8 suff]+ into ! d52 & !y 7 dev\r$ by ! lions 9 a mom5t be=e 8 face4 ,,! ,,pray] ,,( ,,manasses ,! ,pray] ( ,manasses1 ,k+ ( ,juda1 :5 he 0 hold5 captive 9 ,babylon1 is an enum]ation ( ! attributes ( ! ,almighty ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 & ( _! righte\s se$2 a g5]al confession ( s9s2 & an entreaty t ,god w\ld %[ him great m]cy & goodness1 =give him1 & condemn him n into ! l[] p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,!re=e1 he w\ld praise ! ,"l = ev]1 all ! days ( 8 life4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,maccabees ,antio*us1 surnam$ ,epiphanes1 reign$ 9 ! hundr$ & ?irty-sev5? ye> ( ! k+dom ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 ^? days c]ta9 wick$ m5 ( ,israel w5t to ! k+1 :o gave !m lic5ce to d aft] ! ord9ances ( ! hea!n4 ,:]eupon1 !y built a place ( ex]cise at ,j]usalem accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! hea!n4 ,n[1 ,antio*us made w> aga9/ ,egypt1 & :5 he _h smitt5 ! /rong cities1 & tak5 ! spoils !re(1 he return$ 9 ! hundr$ =ty & ?ird ye> & w5t up aga9/ ,israel & ,j]usalem1 & captur$ ! city ) great massacre & spoil$ ! ,temple1 & took away ! vessels ( gold & silv] & hidd5 treasures :i* he f\nd !re94 ,!re=e1 !re 0 great m\rn+ 9 ,israel4 ,two ye>s aft]1 ! k+ s5t 8 *ief collector ( tribute unto ! cities ( ,juda1 & he fell sudd5ly ^u ,j]usalem1 set fire to x1 & pull$ d[n ! h\ses & walls !re(4 ,& ! wom5 & *ildr5 he took away captive1 & defil$ ! sanctu>y4 ,b ! enemy build$ ! city ( ,david1 ) a great & /rong wall & mighty t[]s1 & /or$ x ) arm\r & victuals & ! spoils ( ,j]usalem1 s t x became a sore sn>e aga9/ ! sanctu>y & an evil adv]s>y to ,israel4 ,moreov]1 ,k+ ,antio*us wrote to 8 :ole k+dom t all %\ld be "o p1 & s5t lett]s unto ,j]usalem & ! cities ( ,juda comm&+ t ! ,israelites %\ld ab&on _! own wor%ip1 cease to circumcise _! *ildr51 & adore 8 idols4 ,!n 0 ! abom9ation ( desolation set up 9 ! ,temple1 & idol alt>s 7 build$ ?r\gh\t ! cities ( ,juda1 & ! books ( ! law 7 burn$4 ,h[beit _m 9 ,israel *ose r to die t !y might n be defil$ ) meats & pr(ane ! ,holy ,cov5ant4 ,9 ^? days arose ,matta?ias1 a prie/ ( ! sons ( ,jo>ib4 ,he dwelt 9 ,mod91 & _h five sons--,joannan1 ,simon1 ,judas :o 0 call$ ,maccabeus1 ,eleaz>1 & ,jona?an4 ,! k+'s (fic]s came to ,mod9 & ask$ ,matta?ias to fulfil ! k+'s comm&m5t2 b ,matta?ias said3 ,?\gh all ! nations cons5t1 yet w ,i & my sons walk 9 ! cov5ant ( our fa!rs4 ,& he slew a ,jew t did sacrifice to idols 9 8 pres5ce1 & ! k+'s mess5g] also4 ,s he & 8 sons fl$ into ! m\nta9s1 &1 be+ jo9$ by a company ( mighty m5 ( ,israel1 w5t r\nd ab\t1 & pull$ d[n idol alt>s & circumcis$ ! *ildr5 valiantly4 ,& ! "w prosp]$ 9 _! h&s1 & !y recov]$ ! law out ( ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,:5 ,matta?ias came to die he appo9t$ ,simon z a man ( c\nsel1 & ,judas ,maccabeus1 :o _h be5 mighty & /rong 9 battle ev5 f 8 y\? up1 to be _! capta9 to av5ge ! wrongs ( _! p4 ,s he di$ 9 8 hundr$ =ty & six? ye>1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! sepul*re ( 8 fa!rs at ,mod91 & all ,israel made great lam5tation = him4 ,n[1 ,judas ,maccabeus f\ght ! battles ( 8 p ) great valiance1 captur$ ! cities ( ,juda1 drove ,apollonius & a great ho/ out ( ,sam>ia1 slew ,apollonius1 took _! spoils1 & ,apollonius's sword also1 & !re) he f\ght all 8 life long4 ,judas also ov]?rew ,s]on & ! great army ( ,syria4 ,!n ,judas 0 r5[n$ unto ! utmo/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 & an exce$+ great dread fell ^u ! nations r\nd ab\t4 ,n[1 :5 ,k+ ,antio*us he>d ^! ?+s he 0 full ( indignation2 :]e=e he s5t & ga!r$ toge!r all ! =ces ( 8 realm4 ,& ! k+ s5t ,lysias1 "o ( ! blood royal1 ) a great army to g into ! l& ( ,juda & de/roy x4 ,judas & 8 bre?r51 :5 he he>d ?is1 assembl$ ! ,israelites at ,maspha1 ov] aga9/ ,j]usalem1 :]e !y fa/$2 & ,judas organis$ & arm$ !m to battle1 & camp$ at ,emmaus4 ,gorgias1 ! lieut5ant ( ,lysias1 attempt$ to surprise ,judas1 b ,judas jo9$ him 9 battle & discomfit$ him1 putt+ 8 ho/ to flight & ga9+ great spoil4 ,next ye> ,lysias ga!r$ ano!r army1 t he might subdue ! ,israelites1 & came into ,idumea1 & pit*$ t5ts at ,be?sura4 ,b ,judas jo9$ him 9 battle1 & put ,lysias & 8 army to flight4 ,aft] ?is1 ,judas & 8 bre?r5 came to ,j]usalem1 pull$ d[n ! alt> :i* ! hea!n _h pr(an$1 & set up a new alt>4 ,he also build$ up ,m\nt ,sion ) /rong t[]s & high walls4 ,aft] t ,judas smote ! *ildr5 ( ,esau1 ,bean1 & ,ammon1 & s5t ,simon into ,galilee1 :ile he1 ) 8 bro!r ,jona?an1 w5t ov] ,jordan1 & captur$ ! cities ( ,galaad4 ,ab\t t "t ,antio*us 0 9 ,p]sia1 & he>d ( ! do+s ( ,judas4 ,he 0 a/oni%$ & sore mov$1 & fell sick ( grief & di$4 ,lysias set up ,antio*us1 8 son1 z k+1 & call$ him ,eupator1 & br\ght a great army into ,juda4 ,! numb] ( 8 army 0 an hundr$ ?\s& footm51 tw5ty ?\s& horsem51 & two & ?irty elephants4 ,judas w5t out f ,j]usalem & pit*$ 9 ,ba?za*>ias ov] aga9/ ! k+'s camp4 ,!n a great battle 0 f\ght1 :5 ,judas 0 defeat$4 ,!re be+ a fam9e 9 ! city1 he made peace ) ,eupator1 :o1 h[ev]1 ord]$ ! wall r\nd ab\t ,sion to be pull$ d[n4 ,demetrius came f ,rome & attack$ ,eupator 9 ,antio*1 captur$ ! city1 & slew ,eupator & ,lysias4 ,alsimus1 :o wi%$ to be high prie/1 compla9$ to ,demetrius ( ,judas1 & ! k+ s5t ,nicanor1 a man t b>e deadly hate unto ,israel1 to de/roy ! p2 b he 0 defeat$ by ,judas at ,caph>salama ) great slaught]1 & 9 a second battle ,nicanor's ho/ 0 discomfit$ & he himself 0 sla91 & 8 head & "r h& 7 hang$ up on ! t[] at ,j]usalem4 ,?is 0 a day ( great gladness to ,israel1 & ! victory 0 kept holy e ye> aft]4 ,n[1 ,judas1 be+ in=m$ ( ! p[] & policy ( ! ,romans1 made a league ) !m ( mutual help4 ,not)/&+1 ,demetrius s5t ,bac*ides & ,alcimus a second "t into ,judea ) a great ho/1 & camp$ at ,b]ea4 ,n[1 ,judas _h pit*$ 8 t5t at ,eleasa1 :]e1 see+ ! multitude ( ! o!r army to be s great1 8 m5 began to des]t him1 :]eupon ,judas said3 ,god =bid t ,i %\ld flee away f ! enemy2 if our "t be come1 let u die manfully = our bre?r51 & let u n /a9 our hon\r4 ,! armies came to battle1 & ! e>? %ook at ! noise !re(1 & ! fight cont9u$ f morn+ to night4 ,judas discomfit$ ! "r w+ ( ! enemy "u ,bac*ides & pursu$ !m to ,m\nt ,azotus1 b ! left w+ foll[$ ^u ,judas & a sore battle took place1 insomu* t _m 7 sla9 on bo? sides4 ,judas 0 kill$ also1 & ! re/ ( 8 army fl$4 ,! body ( ,judas 0 tak5 to ! sepul*re ( 8 fa!rs at ,mod9 by ,jona?an & ,simon1 8 bro!rs1 & all ,israel made lam5tation = him1 & m\rn$ _m days1 say+3 ,h[ is ! valiant man fall5 t deliv]$ ,israel6 ,jona?an took comm& ( ! ,israelites 9 ! room ( ,judas1 & made peace ) ,bac*ides4 ,!reaft]1 ,demetrius made l>ge (f]s to h peace ) ,jona?an1 includ+ fre$om ( wor%ip & release ( tribute1 toge!r ) ! rebuild+ ( ! walls ( ,j]usalem & ! t[]s !re(1 & ! repairs ( ! sanctu>y2 b ,jona?an & ! p gave no cr$it to ^! words because !y rememb]$ ! great evil ,demetrius _h done 9 ,israel4 ,jona?an made peace ) ,alex&]1 & jo9$ him 9 battle aga9/ ,demetrius1 ^: ho/ fl$1 & he himself 0 sla94 ,aft] t ,demetrius ! y\ng] came out ( ,crete1 & s5t a great ho/ to ,azotus4 ,"h ,jona?an attack$ him1 & ) ! help ( ,simon1 8 bro!r1 defeat$ ! enemy & set fire to ,azotus1 & ! temple ( ,dagon !re94 ,!re 7 burn$ & sla9 ) ! sword eight ?\s& m54 ,n[1 ,k+ ,alex&] hon\r$ ,jona?an & s5t him a buckle ( gold su* z is giv5 to ^? ( ! k+'s blood4 ,aft] ^! days1 ,jona?an did _m wond]ful exploits 9 ,galilee & ,damascus1 & !n return$ to ,j]usalem4 ,n[1 :5 ,jona?an saw t ! "t s]v$ him1 he r5ew$ 8 league ) ! ,romans & ,lac$emonians1 & pursu$ ! ,arabians unto ,damascus4 ,he /r5g!n$ ! cities ( ,juda1 b he 0 captur$ by fraud by ,tryphon at ,ptolemais4 ,simon 0 made capta9 9 8 bro!r ,jona?an's room1 & prep>$ to attack ,tryphon &1 rescue 8 bro!r1 b ,tryphon slew ,jona?an1 & return$ into 8 own c\ntry4 ,! l& ( ,juda 0 quiet all ! days ( ,simon1 & e man sat "u 8 own v9e & fig-tree4 ,:5 ,simon 0 visit+ ! cities t 7 9 ! c\ntry1 ,ptolemeus1 son ( ,abubus1 ! capta9 ( ,j]ico1 invit$ ,simon & 8 two sons into 8 ca/le1 call$ ,docus4 ,!re a great banquet 0 giv51 at :i* ,simon & 8 sons drank l>gely1 & ,ptolemeus & 8 m5 came into ! banquet+ place & slew !m4 ,,! ,,second ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,maccabees ,! bre?r51 ! ,jews t 7 at ,j]usalem & 9 ! l& ( ,judea1 wrote a lett] to ! ,jews t 7 ?r\gh\t ,egypt to ?ank ,god = ! dea? ( ,antio*us4 ,9 8 lett] are rec\nt$ all ! say+s ( ,j]emy1 & ! great de$s ( ,judas ,maccabeus & 8 bro!r ,simon1 z record$ 9 ! books ( ,jason1 until ,nicanor ! blasphem] 0 kill$1 & 8 head hang$ ^u ! t[] at ,j]usalem1 f :i* "t =? ! ,hebrews _h ! city 9 _! p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,god ,a ,fr5* critic has said ( ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god t x is ! e>lie/ s]i\s attempt to write a philosophy ( hi/ory1 & ano!r has spok5 ( x z ! encyclopa$ia ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,^! two rem>ks toge!r *>act]ise ! "w excell5tly4 ,x is a huge treatise 9 tw5ty-two books1 begun 9 ! ye> #dac1 & f9i%$ 9 #dbf1 & 0 giv5 to ! public 9 sections z ^! 7 complet$4 ,augu/9e 7see ,,lives ,,& ,,lett]s7 himself expla9s ! orig9 ( ! "w4 ,! fall ( ,rome by ,al>ic's invasion 9 #daj _h be5 ascrib$ to ! des]tion ( ! old gods ( ,rome & to ! wide ext5sion ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ! ,city ( ,god1 ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,x 0 to refute ?is calumny t ! le>n$ ,african bi%op elaborat$ 8 great def5se ( ,*ri/'s k+dom1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* %\ld include all nations & speak 9 all tongues4 ,9 ,books #a-e ,/4 ,augu/9e %[s t ! cata/rophe ( ,rome 0 n due to ! neglect ( ! old my?ological sup]/itions2 & 9 ,books #f-aj t ! hea!n cult 0 helpless = ! life aft] dea?4 ,books #aa-ad deal ) ! orig9 ( ! two cities1 namely1 ( ,god & ! ,_w2 ,books #ae-ah ) _! respective hi/ories1 & ,books #ai-bb ) _! respective ultimate de/9ies4 ,i4--,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,two ,,cities ,i write1 de> ,m>cell9us1 ( t mo/ glori\s ,city ( ,god1 bo? 9 h] pres5t pilgrimage & life by fai?1 & 9 t fix$ & ev]la/+ seat :i* %e awaits 9 pati5ce4 ,i write to def5d h] aga9/ ^? :o place _! gods above h] ,f\nd]--a great & ardu\s "w1 b ,god is my aid4 ,i well "k :at p[] a writ] ne$s :o w\ld %[ ! pr\d h[ great is ! virtue ( humility4 ,= ! law ( our ,k+ & ,f\nd] is ?is3 ,god is aga9/ ! pr\d b gives grace to ! humble2 b ! swoll5 & insol5t s\l loves h]e9 to usurp ! div9e ,maje/y1 & itself to sp>e ! subject & subdue ! pr\d4 ,:]e=e ,i may n pass ov] 9 sil5ce t e>?ly city also1 enslav$ by its lu/ ( empire4 ,= x is f ?is ,city ( ! ,_w t ^? enemies h aris51 aga9/ :om we h to def5d ! ,city ( ,god2 ,romans1 sp>$ by ! b>b>ians on ,*ri/'s acc\nt1 are hat]s ( ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,! %r9es ( ! m>tyrs & ! basilicas ( ! apo/les receiv$1 9 ! deva/ation ( ! city1 n _! own p only1 b e fugitive2 & ! fury & gre$ ( ! invad]s 7 qu5*$ at ^! holy ?re%olds4 ,yet ) ?ankless arrogance & impi\s fr5zy ^! m51 :o took refuge "u t ,"n 9 ord] t !y might enjoy ! light ( fugitive ye>s1 p]v]sely oppose x n[1 t !y may langui% 9 sempit]nal gloom4 ,nev] has x be5 kn[n1 9 s _m w>s z are record$ f be=e ! f\ndation ( ,rome to ! pres5t day1 t an enemy1 hav+ r$uc$ any city1 %\ld h sp>$ ^? :o _h fl$ to ! temples ( _! gods2 n ev5 ! ,romans !mselves1 ^: mod]ation 9 victory has s (t5 be5 ju/ly prais$1 h respect$ ! sanctu>y ( vanqui%$ deities4 ,! deva/ation & massacre & pillage & conflagrations ( ! sack ( ,rome 7 no?+ new4 ,b ?is "o ?+ 0 new & unhe>d (--^! savages became sudd5ly s mild z to set ap>t spaci\s basilicas & to fill !m ) p on :om !y _h m]cy2 no "o might be kill$ !re9 nor any dragg$ f !nce4 ,:o does n see t ?is is due to ! "n ( ,*ri/ & to a ,*ri/ian age8 ,:o c d5y t ^! sangu9>y hordes 7 bridl$ by ,him ,:o _h said3 ,i w visit _! s9s ) ! rod1 b w n take my m]cy f !m8 ,all natures1 because !y exi/ & !re=e h _! mann] & species & a c]ta9 peace ) !mselves1 are good2 & :5 !y are 9 ! places belong+ to ! ord] ( nature1 !y pres]ve ! be+ :i* !y h receiv$4 ,! true/ cause ( ! felicity ( ! good angels is to be f\nd 9 ?is1 t !y adh]e to ,him ,:o supremely is2 & ! cause ( ! mis]y ( bad angels lies 9 ?is1 t !y h turn$ away f ,him ,:o supremely is1 to !mselves1 :o h n supreme be+4 ,?is vice has no o!r "n b pride1 :i* is ! beg9n+ ( e s94 ,!y refus$ to pres]ve _! /r5g? = ,him1 & s ?rew away t 9 :i* all _! greatness consi/$4 ,x is va9 to seek = an effici5t cause = ! bad w2 we h to d1 n ) any?+ effici5t1 b ) a defici5cy4 ,! m]e defection f t :i* supremely is to ?+s :i* are on a l[] grade ( be+ is to beg9 to h a bad w4 ,n[ ,god f\nd$ mank9d1 n z ! angels1 s t ev5 did !y s9 !y %\ld n die2 b 9 su* a way t did !y obey1 !y %\ld ent]1 )\t dea?1 on a bless$ et]nity2 b1 did !y disobey1 !y %\ld suff] ! mo/ j p5alty1 bo? ( body & ( s\l4 ,= ?\gh ! human s\l is truly said to be immortal1 yet is !re a s5se 9 :i* x dies :5 ,god =sakes x4 ,only because !y _h begun inw>dly to be evil did ! fir/ ( mank9d fall into ov]t disob$i5ce4 ,a bad w _h prec$$ ! bad action1 & ( t bad w ! beg9n+ 0 pride1 or ! appetite = an inord9ate rank4 ,to lift oneself up is 9 itself to be ca/ d[n & to fall4 ,:]e=e humility is mo/ highly ( all ?+s comm5d$ 9 & to ! ,city ( ,god1 & 9 ,*ri/ h] ,k+2 b ! contr>y vice ( arrogance especially rules h] adv]s>y1 ! devil1 & ?is is unque/ionably ! great diff]5ce by :i* ! two cities are divid$1 & ! society ( ! pi\s f ! society ( ! impi\s4 ,?us two loves h f\nd$ two cities1 ! love ( ,self ext5d+ to contempt ( ,god has made ! ,city ( ! ,_w2 ! love ( ,god ext5d+ to contempt ( ,self has made ! ,heav5ly ,city4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,cities ,?is :ole univ]sal "t or age1 9 :i* ! dy+ give way & ! newborn succe$ !m1 is ! sc5e & hi/ory ( ^? two cities :i* are our !me4 ,! ,city ( ! ,_w1 :i* la/s n = ev]1 has its good "h bel[1 & rejoices 9 x ) su* joy z is possible4 ,! objects ( its desire are n o!rwise ?an good1 & itself is ! be/ ( ! good ?+s ( e>?4 ,x desires an e>?ly peace = l[] ends1 makes w>s to ga9 ?is peace1 w9s glori\s victories1 & :5 victory cr[ns a j cause1 :o %all n acclaim ! wi%$-= peace8 ,^! ?+s are good inde$1 & unque/ionably are ! gifts ( ,god4 ,b if1 neglect+ ! bett] ?+s1 :i* belong to ! sup]nal city1 !y covet ^! l[] ends z if !re 7 none high]1 mis]y mu/ inevitably foll[4 ,all m51 inde$1 desire peace2 b :ile ! society :i* does n live by fai? seeks its peace 9 ! temporal advantages ( ! pres5t life1 t :i* lives by fai? awaits ! promis$ bless+s1 & makes use ( e>?ly & temporal ?+s only z pilgrims d4 ,! e>?ly city seeks its peace 9 a h>mony ( ! wills ( m5 ) respect to ! ?+s ( ?is life4 ,& ! heav5ly city also1 or1 r1 t "p ( x :i* travels 9 ?is mortality1 mu/ use t e>?ly peace :ile mortality rema9s4 ,liv+ a captive life 9 ! mid/ ( ! e>?ly city1 x does n hesitate to respect its laws4 ,s9ce ?is mortality is common to bo? cities1 !re is a concord betwe5 !m 9 ! ?+s t belong to x4 ,only1 ! heav5ly city _c h common laws ( religion ) ! e>?ly city1 b has be5 =c$ to diss5t1 & to suff] hatr$ & ! /orms ( p]secution4 ,!re=e1 ?is heav5ly city1 a pilgrim ^u e>?1 calls out citiz5s f all peoples & collects a pilgrim society ( all tongues1 c>eless :at diff]5ces !re may be 9 mann]s1 laws & in/itutions by :i* e>?ly peace is a*iev$ & ma9ta9$1 de/roy+ none ( ^!1 b r s]v+ & fulfill+ !m4 ,ev5 ! cele/ial city1 !re=e1 uses ! e>?ly peace1 & uses x z a means to ! heav5ly peace2 = t alone c be call$ ! peace ( a rational creature :i* consi/s 9 a h>moni\s society devot$ to ! enjoym5t ( ,god & "o ano!r 9 ,god4 ,z = t unc]ta9ty ) reg>d to ev]y?+1 :i* *>act]ises ! ,new ,academy1 ! ,city ( ,god dete/s all su* d\bt+ z a =m ( madness1 s9ce %e has ! mo/ c]ta9 k ( ^? ?+s :i* %e und]/&s by m9d & reason1 h[ev] t k may be limit$ by our corruptible body4 ,%e believes also ! evid5ce ( ! s5ses1 :i* ! m9d uses ?r\gh ! body1 = he is mis]ably deceiv$ :o reg>ds !m z untru/wor?y4 ,%e believes also ! holy ,scriptures1 :i* we call canonical4 ,x is no matt] to ! ,city ( ,god :at dress ! citiz5 we>s1 or :at mann] ( life he foll[s1 s long z x is n contr>y to ! ,div9e comm&s2 s t %e does n compel ! philosoph]s1 :o become ,*ri/ians1 to *ange _! habit or _! means ( life1 :i* are no h9drance to religion1 b only _! false op9ions4 ,z = ^! ?ree k9ds ( life1 ! contemplative1 ! active1 & t :i* p>takes ( bo? qualities1 al?\gh a man liv+ 9 fai? may adopt any ( !m1 & !re9 rea* et]nal rew>d1 yet ! love ( tru? & ! duties ( *>ity alike mu/ h _! place4 ,"o may n s give himself to contemplation z to neglect ! good ( 8 neighb\r1 nor be s deeply imm]s$ 9 action z to neglect ! contemplation ( ,god4 ,9 leisure we ought to delight1 n 9 an empty in]tia1 b 9 ! inquisition or discov]y ( tru?1 9 su* a way t ea* may make progress )\t envy+ ! atta9m5ts ( ano!r4 ,9 action we ought to seek nei!r ! hon\rs ( ?is life nor p[]1 s9ce all t is "u ! sun is vanity2 b only ! "w itself1 :i* our situation enables u to d1 & to d x rightly & s]viceably4 ,accord+ to ! def9itions :i* ,scipio us$ 9 ,cic]o's ,republic1 !re nev] really exi/$ a ,roman republic4 ,= he briefly def9es a republic z ! e/ate ( ! p--res publica z res populi1 & def9es ! p z a multitud9\s assemblage1 unit$ by cons5t to law & by community ( advantage4 ,s1 !n1 :]e ju/ice is n1 !re c be no p2 & if no p1 !n no e/ate ( ! p1 b only ( a confus$ multitude unwor?y ( ! "n ( a p4 ,:]e no ju/ice is1 !re is no commonweal?4 ,n[1 ju/ice is a virtue di/ribut+ unto ev]yone 8 due4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! ju/ice ( ! man :o des]ts ! true ,god & gives himself ov] to unclean demons8 ,is ?is giv+ ev]yone 8 due8 ,b if we def9e a p 9 ano!r way1 & consid] x z an assemblage ( rational be+s unit$ by unanimity z to ! objects ( _! love1 !n1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! "* ( a p1 we mu/ asc]ta9 :at ?+s !y love4 ,:atev] x loves1 s long z x is an assemblage ( rational creatures & n a h]d ( cattle1 & is agre$ z to ! objects ( its love1 x is truly a p1 ?\gh s mu* ! bett] z its concord lies 9 bett] ?+s1 & s mu* ! worse z its concord lies 9 inf]ior ?+s4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 !n1 ! ,roman p is inde$ a p1 & its e/ate is a commonweal?4 ,b :at ?+s t p has lov$ 9 its e>li] & lat] times1 & h[ x fell into bloody s$itions & into social & civil w>s1 break+ & corrupt+ t concord :i* is ! heal? ( a p--( ^! ?+s hi/ory is witness4 ,yet ,i w\ld n on t acc\nt d5y x ! "n ( a p1 nor its e/ate ! "n ( a republic1 s long z !re rema9s "s assemblage ( rational p]sons associat$ by unanimity ) reg>d to ! objects ( love4 ,b 9 g5]al1 :atev] be ! nation 9 "q1 :e!r ,a!ns1 ,egypt1 ,babylon1 or ,rome1 ! city ( ! ungodly--refus+ ob$i5ce to ! comm&m5t ( ,god t no sacrifice %\ld be (f]$ b to ,him alone--is )\t true ju/ice4 ,= ?\gh !re may be an app>5t ma/]y ( ! s\l ov] ! body1 & ( reason ov] vices1 yet if s\l & reason d n s]ve ,god z ,he has comm&$1 !y c h no true dom9ion ov] ! body & its passions4 ,h[ c ! m9d :i* is ignorant ( ! true ,god1 & in/ead ( obey+ ,him is pro/itut$ to impure demons1 be true mi/ress ( ! body & ! vices8 ,nay1 ! v virtues :i* x appe>s to itself to possess1 by :i* x rules ! body & ! vices 9 ord] t x may obta9 & gu>d ! objects :i* x desires1 be+ undirect$ to ,god1 are r vices ?an virtues4 ,= z t :i* makes fle% to live is n fle% b above x1 s t :i* enables man to live 9 bless$ness is n ( man1 b above him4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,! ,,j ,:o is able to tell ( ! creation1 ) its beauty & utility1 :i* ,god has set be=e ! eyes ( man1 ?\gh "h condemn$ to lab\r & sorr[8 ,! innum]able lovel9ess ( sky1 e>? & sea1 ! abundance & wond] ( light1 ! sun1 moon & />s1 ! %ade ( trees1 ! col\rs & fragrance ( fl[]s1 ! multitude ( birds ( v>i$ hue & song1 ! _m =ms ( animals1 ( :i* ! smalle/ are m wond]ful ?an ! greate/1 ! works ( bees m amaz+ ?an ! va/ bodies ( :ales--:o %all describe !m8 ,:at %all ^? rew>ds1 !n1 be8 ,:at w ,god give !m :om ,he has pr$e/9$ to life1 hav+ giv5 su* great ?+s to ^? :om ,he has pr$e/9$ to dea?8 ,:at 9 t bless$ life w ,he lavi% ^u ^? = :om ,he gave ,8 ,son to dea?8 ,:at w ! /ate ( man's _s be :5 x has become :olly free f vice2 yield+ to none1 enslav$ by none1 w>r+ aga9/ none1 b p]fectly & :olly at peace ) itself8 ,:o c say1 or ev5 imag9e1 :at degrees ( glory %all !re be giv5 to ! degrees ( m]it8 ,yet we _c d\bt t !re w be degrees2 & t 9 t bless$ city no "o 9 l[] place %all envy 8 sup]ior2 = no "o w wi% to be t :i* he has n receiv$1 ?\gh b\nd 9 close/ concord ) him :o has receiv$4 ,toge!r ) 8 rew>d1 ea* %all h ! gift ( cont5tm5t1 s z to desire no m ?an he has4 ,!re we %all re/ & see1 we %all see & love1 we %all love & praise4 ,= :at o!r end h we1 b to rea* ! k+dom ( :i* !re is no end8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ri*>d ,,baxt] ,,! ,,sa9ts' ,,ev]la/+ ,,re/ ,ri*>d ,baxt]1 ! ,puritan au?or ( "o hundr$ & sixty-eight volumes1 ( :i* ,! ,sa9ts ,ev]la/+ ,re/ 01 & is1 ! mo/ popul>1 0 born 9 #afae dur+ ! reign ( ,james ,i41 & di$ 9 #afia1 soon aft] ! accession ( ,william ,,iii4 ,8 lifetime1 !re=e1 0 co9cid5t ) ! tr\bles ( ! ,/u>t ,h\se4 ,= fifty ye>s ,baxt] 0 "o ( ! be/ kn[n div9es 9 ,engl&4 ,?r\gh\t1 8 0 a mod]at+ influ5ce 9 politics1 ! ,*ur*1 & !ology4 ,8 be/ kn[n pa/orate1 "o ( extraord9>y success1 0 at ,kidd]m9/]1 betwe5 8 tw5ty-six? & =ty-fif? ye>s1 & !re1 9 an int]lude ( ill-heal? ( m ?an cu/om>y sev]ity--= all 8 life he 0 ail+--he wrote1 anticipatory ( dea?1 ,! ,sa9ts ,ev]la/+ ,re/4 ,! book1 :i* 0 d$icat$ to 8 de>ly belov$ fri5ds ! inhabitants ( ! ,borr\gh & ,=reign ( ,k$]m9/]1 0 publi%$ 9 #afej & _h an imm$iate & almo/ unp>allell$ success4 ,tw5ty ?\s& copies 7 sold 9 ! ye> aft] publication1 & v>i\s editions are n[ 9 circulation4 ,! sa9tl9ess ( ?is broad-m9d$ div9e's "* em]ges unsulli$ f an age ( cont5ti\s bigotry4 ,i4--,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,re/ ,!re rema9e? !re=e a re/ to ! p ( ,god4 --,heb4 iv1 #i4 ,x 0 n only our int]e/ 9 ,god & actual fruition ( ,him :i* 0 lo/ 9 ,adam's cov5ant-break+ fall1 b all spiritual k ( ,him1 & true disposition t[>ds su* a felicity4 ,man ha? n[ a he>t too suitable to 8 l[ e/ate--a l[ /ate1 & a l[ _s4 ,& :5 ! ,son ( ,god comes ) t5d]s ( a spiritual & et]nal happ9ess & glory1 ,he f9ds n fai? 9 man to believe x2 b1 z ! poor man w\ld n believe t any "o man _h su* a sum z a hundr$ p\nds--x 0 s f> above :at he possess$--s no man w h>dly n[ believe t !re is su* a happ9ess z once he _h1 mu* less z ,*ri/ ha? n[ procur$4 ,! ,apo/le be/[s mo/ ( 8 epi/le aga9/ ?is di/emp]1 & cle>ly & l>gely proves t ! re/ ( ,sabba?s & ,canaan %\ld tea* m5 to look = fur!r re/1 :i* inde$ is _! happ9ess4 ,:at m welcome to m5 "u p]sonal afflictions1 tir+ duty1 successions ( suff]+s1 ?an re/8 ,:at m welcome news to m5 "u public calamities1 unpleas+ employm5t1 plund]+ losses1 sad tid+s1 ?an ?is ( re/8 ,n[ let u see :at ?is re/ is4 ,?\gh ! s5se ( ! text includes 9 ! ^w re/ all t ease & safety :i* a s\l ha? ) ,*ri/ 9 ?is life--! re/ ( grace--yet because x *iefly int5ds ! re/ ( et]nal glory ,i %all conf9e my disc\rse to ?is la/4 ,re/ is ! end & p]fection ( motion4 ,! sa9ts' re/1 "h 9 "q1 is ! mo/ happy e/ate ( a ,*ri/ian hav+ obta9$ ! end ( 8 c\rse4 ,may we %[ :at ?is re/ conta9e?4 ,alas6 h[ little "k ,i ( t :]e( ,i am ab\t to speak4 ,%all ,i speak be=e ,i "k8 ,if ,i /ay till ,i cle>ly "k ,i %all n come aga9 to speak4 ,!re=e w ,i speak t little :i* ,i d "k ( x r ?an be :olly sil5t4 ,!re is conta9$ 9 ?is re/ a cessation f motion or action4 ,:5 we h obta9$ ! hav5 we h done ) sail+2 :5 we are at our j\rney's end we h done ) ! way4 ,!re %all be no m pray] because no m necessity1 b ! full enjoym5t ( :at we pray$ =4 ,nei!r %all we ne$ to fa/ & weep & wat* any m1 be+ out ( ! rea* ( s9 & temptations4 ,nor w !re be use = in/ructions & exhortations2 prea*+ is done2 ! m9i/ry ( man cease?2 sacram5ts useless2 ! lab\r] call$ 9 because ! h>ve/ is ga!r$1 ! t>es burn$1 ! "w done4 ,?is re/ conta9e? a p]fect fre$om f all ! evils t accompany u ?r\gh our c\rse1 & :i* necess>ily foll[ our abs5ce f ! *ief good4 ,d\btless !re is n su* a ?+ z grief & sorr[ kn[n !re2 nor is !re su* a ?+ z a pale face1 a languid body1 feeble jo9ts1 unable infancy1 decrepit age1 peccant hum\rs1 dolor\s sickness1 grip+ fe>s1 consum+ c>e1 nor :atsoev] des]ve? ! "n ( evil4 ,inde$1 a gale ( groans & sighs1 a /ream ( te>s accompani$ u to ! v gates1 & !re bid u f>ewell = ev]4 ,?is re/ conta9e? ! highe/ degree ( ! sa9ts' p]sonal p]fection1 bo? ( s\l & body4 ,?is necess>ily qualifies !m to enjoy ! glory & ?or\ghly to p>take ! sweetness ( x4 ,?is is "o ?+ t makes ! sa9ts' joy !re s great4 ,"h eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nor he>t conceiv$ :at ,god ha? laid up = !m t wait = ,him2 b !re ! eye & e> & he>t are made capable1 else h[ d !y enjoy x8 ,! m p]fect ! appetite ! sweet] ! food2 ! m musical ! e> ! m pleasant ! melody2 ! m p]fect ! s\l ! m joy\s ^? joys1 & ! m glori\s to u is t glory4 ,?is re/ conta9e?1 z ! pr9cipal "p1 our ne>e/ fruition ( ,god1 ! *iefe/ good4 ,& "h1 wond] n if ,i be at a loss4 ,:5 ,i "k s little ( ,god1 ,i _c "k h[ mu* x is to enjoy ,him4 ,:5 x is s little ,i "k ( m9e own s\l--ei!r its quiddity or quality1 :ile x is "h 9 ?is tab]nacle--h[ little mu/ ,i ne$s "k ( ! inf9ite maje/y1 or ! /ate ( ?is s\l :5 x is advanc$ to t enjoym5t4 ,nay1 if ,i nev] saw t creature :i* conta9s n some?+ unse>*able1 nor ! worm s small :i* af=d$ n matt] = que/ions to puzzle ! greate/ philosoph] t ev] ,i met )1 no wond] if m9e eye fail :5 ,i look at ,god1 my tongue fail me 9 speak+ ( ,him1 & my he>t 9 conceiv+4 ,:at /range conceiv+s ha? a man born bl9d ( ! sun ( its light2 or a man born deaf ( ! nature ( music2 s d we want t s5se by :i* ,god mu/ be cle>ly kn[n4 ,b ?is we "k1 ! *ief good is = u to be ne> to ,god4 ,,ii4--,,h[ ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,w ,,be ,,employ$ ,?is re/ conta9e? a sweet & con/ant action ( all ! p[]s ( ! s\l & body 9 ?is fruition ( ,god4 ,x is n ! re/ ( a /one :i* cease? f motion :5 x atta9s ! c5tre4 ,:e!r ! ext]nal s5ses1 su* z n[ we h1 %all be cont9u$ & employ$ 9 ?is "w is a great d\bt4 ,= "s ( !m1 x is usually ackn[l$g$1 !y %all cease1 because _! be+ importe? _! use1 & _! use implie? our /ate ( imp]fection--z !re is no use = eat+ & dr9k+1 s nei!r = ta/e4 ,b d n all s5ses imply our imp]fection8 ,z ! ore is ca/ into ! fire a /one1 b comes =? s pure a metal t x des]ves ano!r "n1 s f> great] w ! *ange ( our body & s5ses be--ev5 s great z n[ we _c conceive4 ,&1 d\btless1 z ,god advance? our s5se & enl>ge? our capacity1 s w ,he advance ! happ9ess ( ^? s5ses1 & fill up ) ,himself all t capacity4 ,& if ! body %all be ?us employ$1 oh1 h[ %all ! s\l be tak5 up6 ,z ! bodily s5ses h _! prop] aptitude & action1 s do? ! s\l 9 its own action enjoy its own object--by kn[+1 by ?9k+1 by rememb]+1 by lov+4 ,?is is ! s\l's enjoy+4 ,k ( itself is v desirable1 ev5 ! k ( "s evil1 ?\gh n ! evil itself4 ,z f> z a rational s\l exce$s ! s5sitive1 s f> ! delights ( a philosoph] 9 discov]+ ! secrets ( ,nature1 & kn[+ ! my/]ies ( sci5ce1 exce$ ! delights ( ! glutton1 ! drunk>d1 ! unclean1 & ( all voluptu\s s5suali/s :atsoev]--s excell5t is all tru?4 ,:at1 !n1 is _! delight :o "k ! ,god ( tru?6 ,:at w\ld ,i n give s t all ! unc]ta91 que/ionable pr9ciples 9 logic1 natural philosophy1 metaphysics1 & m$ic9e 7 b c]ta9 9 !mselves & to me1 t my dull1 obscure notions ( !m 7 b quick & cle>4 ,oh1 :at !n %\ld ,i n ei!r p]=m or "p ) to enjoy a cle> & true appreh5sion ( ! mo/ true ,god6 ,h[ noble a faculty ( ! s\l is ?is und]/&+6 ,x c compass ! e>?2 x c measure ! sun1 moon1 />s1 & heav52 x c =ekn[ ea* eclipse to a m9ute _m ye>s be=e2 yea1 b ! top ( all its excell5cy is t x c "k ,god1 :o is inf9ite1 :o made all ^!--a little "h1 & m1 mu* m1 h]eaft]4 ,oh1 ! wisdom & goodness ( our bless$ ,"l6 ,he ha? creat$ ! und]/&+ ) a natural bias & incl9ation to tru? z its object1 & to ! prime tru? z its prime object2 & le/ we %\ld turn aside to any creature1 ,he ha? kept ?is z ,8 own div9e pr]ogative1 n communicable to any creature1 namely1 to be ! prime tru?4 ,&1 d\btless1 memory w n be idle or useless 9 ?is bless$ "w1 if x be b by look+ back to help ! s\l to value its enjoym5t4 ,our k w be enl>g$1 n dim9i%$2 !re=e ! k ( ?+s pa/ %all n be tak5 away4 ,& :at is t k b a remembrance8 ,d\btless1 f t height ! sa9t c look beh9d him & be=e him2 & to comp>e pa/ ) pres5t ?+s mu/ ne$s raise 9 ! bless$ s\l an unconceivable e/eem & s5se ( its condition4 ,to /& on t m\nt :5ce we c see ! wild]ness & ,canaan bo? at once2 to /& 9 heav5 & look back on e>?1 & weigh !m toge!r 9 ! balance ( a comp>+ s5se & judgm5t1 h[ mu/ x ne$s transport ! s\l & make x cry out3 ,h ! gales ( grace bl[n me into su* a h>b\r6 ,o1 bless$ way1 & ?rice bless$ end6 ,& n[ if !re be su* a ?+ z indignation left h[ w x "h let fly3 ,o vile nature t resi/$ s mu* & s long su* a bless+6 ,unwor?y s\l1 is ?is ! place ?\ came/ s unwill+ly t[>ds8 ,0 duty we>isome8 ,0 ! _w too good to lose8 ,did/ ?\ /ick at leav+ all1 d5y+ all1 & suff]+ any?+ = ?is8 ,wa/ ?\ lo? to die to come to ?is8 ,o false he>t1 t _h almo/ betray$ me & lo/ me ?is glory6 ,b oh1 ! full1 ! ne>1 ! sweet enjoym5t is t ( ! affections--love & joy6 ,x is ne>1 = love is ( ! ess5ce ( ! s\l2 love is ! ess5ce ( ,god1 = ,god is love4 ,oh1 ! high delights ( ?is love6 ,! cont5t t ! he>t f9de? 9 x6 ,surely love is bo? "w & wages4 ,b1 alas6 my fe>ful he>t sc>ce d>es proce$4 ,me?9ks ,i he> ! ,almighty's voice say+ to me1 z to ,job1 ,:o is ?is t d>k5e? c\nsel by words )\t k8 ,b p>don1 ,o ,"l1 ,?y s]vant's s94 ,i h n pri$ into unreveal$ ?+s1 nor ) audaci\s wits curi\sly se>*$ into ,?y c\nsels2 b1 inde$1 ,i h di%on\r$ ,?y ,hol9ess1 wrong$ ,?9e ,excell5cy1 disgrac$ ,?y sa9ts' glory by my own exce$+ disproportionate p\rtray+4 ,i bewail t my conceiv+s fall s %ort1 my appreh5sions are s dull1 my ?\ghts s mean1 my affections s /upid1 expressions s l[1 & unbeseem+ su* a glory4 ,b ,i h only he>d by ! he>+ ( ! e>4 ,oh1 let ,?y s]vant see ,!e & possess ^! joys1 & !n ,i %all h m suitable conceiv+s1 & %all give ,!e full] glory6 ,,iii4--,,h[ ,,! ,,et]nal ,,re/ ,,is ,,rea*$ ,hav+ ?us op5$ to y a w9d[ t[>ds ! temple1 & %[$ y a small glimpse ( ! back p>ts ( t resemblance ( ! sa9ts' re/ :i* ,i _h se5 9 ! ,gospel-glass1 x foll[s t we proce$ to view a little ! adjuncts & bless$ prop]ties ( ?is re/1 & fir/ consid] ! em95t antec$5ts1 ! great prep>ations1 ! notable introduction to ?is re/2 = ! por* ( ?is temple is exce$+ glori\s1 & ! gate ( x is call$ beautiful4 ,& "h (f] !mselves to our obs]vation z ! f\r corn]s ( ?is por* ! mo/ glori\s com+ & appe>+ ( ! ,son ( ,god2 ,8 wond]ful rais+ ( our bodies f ! du/1 & unit+ !m aga9 ) ! s\l2 ,8 public & solemn proce$+s 9 _! judgm5t2 ,8 solemn celebration ( _! coronation1 & ,8 en?ronis+ ( !m 9 _! glory4 ,well may ! com+ ( ,*ri/ be reckon$ into ,8 p's glory & enum]at$ ) ^? +r$i5ts t comp\nd ?is preci\s antidote ( re/1 = to ?is end x is int5d$1 & to ?is end x is ( app>5t necessity4 ,alas1 fell[ ,*ri/ians1 :at %\ld we d if our ,"l %\ld n return8 ,:at a case are we "h left 96 ,x _c be2 nev] fe> x1 x _c be4 ,& ,o1 fell[-,*ri/ians1 :at a day w t be :5 we1 :o h be5 kept prison]s by s9 & ! grave1 %all be fet*$ out by ! ,"l ,himself6 ,x w n be su* a com+ z ,8 fir/ 0--9 meanness & pov]ty & contempt4 ,he w n come1 ,o c>eless _w1 to be slight$ & neglect$ by y any m4 ,to ?9k & speak ( t day ) horror do? well beseem ! imp5it5t s9n]1 b ill ! believ+ sa9t4 ,h[ full ( joy 0 t bless$ m>tyr ,mr4 ,glov]1 ) ! discov]y ( ,*ri/ to 8 s\l1 aft] long d\bt+ & wait+ 9 sorr[1 s t he cries out3 ,he is come6 ,he is come6 ,if ?\ h b a de> fri5d return$1 t ha? be5 f> & long abs5t1 h[ d all run out to meet him ) joy6 ,oh1 said ! *ild1 ,my fa!r is come6 ,sai? ! wife1 ,my husb& is come6 ,& %all n we1 :5 we behold our ,"l 9 ,8 maje/y return+1 cry out3 ,he is come6 ,he is come6 ,! second /ream t leade? to ,p>adise is t great "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 rais+ our bodies f ! du/ & unit+ !m aga9 unto ! s\l4 ,a wond]ful effect ( inf9ite p[] & love4 ,yea1 wond]ful inde$1 sai? unbelief1 if x be true4 ,:at1 sai? ! ,a!i/ & ,sadducee1 %all all ^! scatt]$ bones & du/ become a man8 ,a man dr[n$ 9 ! sea is eat5 by fi%es1 & !y by m5 aga91 & ^! m5 by worms4 ,:at is to become ( ! body ( t fir/ man8 ,%all x rise aga98 ,?\ fool--= s ,paul calls !e--do/ ?\ dispute aga9/ ! p[] ( ! ,almighty8 ,wilt ?\ pose him ) ?y sophi/ry8 ,do/ ?\ object difficulties to inf9ite /r5g?8 ,?\ bl9d mole1 ?\ silly worm2 ?\ little piece ( creep+1 brea?+ clay2 ?\ du/1 ?\ no?+1 kn[e/ ?\ :o x is ^: p[] ?\ do/ "q8 ,if ?\ %\ld/ see ,him1 ?\ w\ld/ pres5tly die4 ,if ,he %\ld come & dispute ,8 cause ) !e1 c\ld/ ?\ be> x8 ,if ?\ %\ld/ he> ,8 voice1 c\ld/ ?\ endure8 ,come !n1 fell[-,*ri/ians1 let u cont5t$ly commit ^! c>casses to ! du/1 kn[+ t prison %all n long conta9 !m4 ,let u lie d[n 9 peace & take our re/2 x w n be an ev]la/+ night or endless sleep4 ,z sure z we awake 9 ! morn+ :5 we h slept out ! night1 s sure %all we !n awake4 ,:at if our c>casses become z vile z ^? ( ! bea/s t p]i%1 :at if our bones are digg$ up & scatt]$ ab\t ! pit br9k1 & worms consume our fle%1 yet we "k t our ,r$eem] live?1 & %all /& at ! la/ on e>?1 & we %all see ,him ) ^! eyes4 ,! ?ird "p ( ?is prologue to ! sa9ts' re/ is ! public & solemn process at _! judgm5t4 ,o t]rible1 ,o joyful day6 ,!n %all ! _w behold ! goodness & ! sev]ity ( ! ,"l--on !m :o p]i%1 sev]ity2 b to ,8 *os51 goodness4 ,!n1 fell[-,*ri/ians1 let ! t]ror ( t day be nev] s great1 surely our ,"l c mean no ill to u4 ,! f\r? antec$5t & highe/ /ep to ! sa9ts' advancem5t is _! solemn coronation1 en?ronis+ & receiv+ into ! k+dom4 ,!y t h be5 fai?ful unto dea? %all receive ! cr[n ( life1 & accord+ to ! improvem5t ( _! tal5ts "h s %all _! rule & dignity be enl>g$4 ,,iv4--,,excell5ces ,,( ,,! ,,et]nal ,,re/ ,a com=table adjunct ( ?is re/ is ! fell[%ip ( ! bless$ sa9ts & angels ( ,god4 ,oh1 :5 ,i look 9 ! faces ( ! preci\s p ( ,god1 & believ+1 ?9k ( ?is day1 :at a refre%+ ?\ght is x6 ,%all we n !re rememb]1 ?9k y1 ! pikes :i* we pass$ ?r\gh "h2 our fell[%ip 9 duty & 9 suff]+s2 h[ (t our groans made z x 7 "o s\nd1 our conjunct te>s b "o /ream1 & our conjunct desires b "o pray]4 ,& n[ all our praises %all make up "o melody1 & all our *ur*es "o *ur*2 & all ourselves b "o body2 = we %all be "o 9 ,*ri/1 ev5 z ,he & ! ,fa!r are "o4 ,x is a "q ) "s :e!r we %all "k ea* o!r 9 heav5 or no4 ,surely !re %all no k cease :i* we n[ h1 b only t :i* implie? imp]fection6 ,& :at imp]fection c ?is imply8 ,nay1 our pres5t k %all be increas$ beyond belief4 ,x %all be done away1 b z ! light ( c&les & />s is done away by ! ris+ ( ! sun1 :i* is m prop]ly a do+ away ( our ignorance ?an ( our k4 ,inde$1 we %all n "k ea* o!r aft] ! fle%2 nor by /ature1 voice1 col\r1 complexion1 visage1 or outw>d %ape1 b by ! image ( ,*ri/ & spiritual relation1 & =m] fai?fulness 9 improv+ our tal5ts we %all "k & be kn[n4 ,aga91 a fur!r excell5ce is ?is--x w be unto u a seasonable re/4 ,:5 we h pass$ a long & t$i\s j\rney1 & t ?r\gh no small dang]s1 is n home !n seasonable8 ,:5 we h _h a long & p]il\s w>1 & h liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( furi\s enemies1 & h be5 =c$ to /& on a p]petual wat*1 & receiv$ f !m _m a w\nd1 w\ld n a peace ) victory be n[ seasonable8 ,"s are compla9+ "u ! pressure ( ! times--we>y ( _! taxes1 we>y ( _! qu>t]+s1 we>y ( plund]+s1 we>y ( _! fe>s & dang]s1 we>y ( _! pov]ty & wants1 & is n re/ yet seasonable8 ,"s ( u langui% "u cont9ual weakness1 & groan "u mo/ griev\s pa9s1 we>y ( go+1 we>y ( sitt+1 we>y ( /&+1 we>y ( ly+1 we>y ( eat+1 we>y ( speak+1 we>y ( wak+1 we>y ( our v fri5ds1 we>y ( ourselves4 ,oh1 h[ (t ha? ?is be5 m9e own case--& is n re/ yet seasonable8 ,a fur!r excell5ce is t ?is is a suitable re/4 ,gold & e>?ly glory1 temporal cr[ns & k+doms c\ld n make re/ = sa9ts4 ,su* z _! nature & desire su* w be _! re/4 ,x w1 too1 be absolutely p]fect & complete--z !re is no mixture ( our corruption ) our graces1 s !re w be no mixture ( our suff]+s ) our solace4 ,we %all "k :i* 0 ! "r side & :i* ! wrong4 ,!n %all our und]/&+s receive _! light f ! face ( ,god1 z ! full moon f ! op5 sun :5 !re is no e>? to int]pose betwixt !m4 ,x is a p]fect re/ f p]plex+ d\bts & fe>1 f all s5se ( ,god's displeasure1 f all ! temptations ( ,satan1 ! _w1 & ! fle%4 ,& x is an et]nal re/4 ,?is is ! cr[n ( our cr[n4 ,mortality is ! disgrace ( all sublun>y delights4 ,b1 ,o bless$ et]nity1 :]e our lives are p]plex$ by no su* ?\ghts1 nor our joys int]rupt$ by any su* fe>s6 ,our fir/ p>adise 9 ,ed5 _h a way out1 b none 9 aga92 b ?is et]nal p>adise ha? a way 91 b no way out aga94 ,! ,"l heal our c>nal he>ts le/ we ent] n into ,8 et]nal re/ because ( our unbelief4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,?is is probably ! olde/ religi\s book 9 ! _w4 ,prop]ly speak+1 inde$1 x is no book at all1 b r a collection ( hymns & litanies :i* h no m connection ) ea* o!r ?an ! ,psalms4 ,l ! ,psalt]1 too1 ?is s-call$ book has gr[n by degrees to ! magnitude :i* x n[ usually assumes 9 ,european & o!r libr>ies--#age *apt]s ( v>y+ sizes4 ,its ,egyptian "n is ,! ,book ( ! ,com+ ,=? by ,day 7,r5\f71 or ,! ,com+ ,out ( ! ,day 7,naville72 ! latt] be+ probably m correct1 day 9 ?is connection d5ot+ man's life ) its morn+ & ev5+4 ,! hymns 9 ?is collection are suppos$ to be recit$ by ! deceas$ p]son ) ^: body !y 7 commonly buri$1 & by ! recital ( ^! & o!r sacr$ texts ! dep>t$ 0 believ$ to be protect$ aga9/ injury 9 8 j\rney to ! und]world1 & also to h secur$ = him a safe return 9 ! =m ( a resurrection4 ,x 0 ,lepsius1 ! great ,g]man ,egyptologi/1 :o gave ?is compilation ! "n ,book ( ! ,dead4 ,ev5 ?is "n1 h[ev]1 ?\gh m correct ?an any o!r1 gives by no means an adequate acc\nt ( t = :i* x /&s4 ,?is1 & o!r summ>ies ( ! sacr$ books ( ! ,ea/ appe>+ 9 ,,! ,,_w',s ,,greate/ ,,books pres5t 9 q orig9al ways ! sy/ems & philosophies ( ! great non-,*ri/ian religions4 ,,introductory ,! ,book ( ! ,dead may be describ$ z ! s\l's vade mecum 9 ! j\rney f ?is _w4 ,x prescribes ! =ms ! s\l mu/ h at comm& 9 ord] to w>d (f ! dang]s on ! way to ! und]world1 dur+ resid5ce 9 ! _w1 & on ! j\rney back4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians consid]$ ?is book z inspir$ by ! gods1 :o caus$ _! scribe1 ,?o?1 to write x d[n4 ,e *apt] is suppos$ to exi/ = ! sake ( p]sons :o h di$4 ,sometimes *apt]s _h to be recit$ be=e ! body 0 put d[n out ( sight4 ,(t5 a *apt]1 or m ?an "o1 0 inscrib$ on ! c(f91 or s>cophagus1 or mummy wrapp+s1 ?is be+ ?\ght a sure protection aga9/ foes ( e k9d4 ,?is collection has be5 *iefly f\nd writt5 on papyrus 9 hi]oglyphic or hi]atic *>act]s on c(f9s1 mummies1 sepul*ral wrapp+s1 /atues1 & on ! walls ( tombs4 ,complete copies h be5 f\nd writt5 on tombs ( ! "t ( ! #bf? ,dyna/y 7ab\t #hjj ,b4,c474 ,!re are _m rec5sions1 or editions1 9 ! v>i\s libr>ies ( ,europe & also 9 ! ,ea/1 & no two ( !m are id5tical 9 ! text4 ,lepsius translat$ f ! ,tur9 papyrus2 ,budge bases 8 translations on :at is call$ ! ,!ban rec5sion4 ,b 9 all ! text is exce$+ly corrupt1 & translation is (t5 no m ?an a guess4 ,ow+ to ! numb] ( prop] names & te*nical t]ms :i* we h no means ( und]/&+1 x is (t5 q impossible to "k ! drift ( l>ge p>agraphs1 & ev5 ( :ole *apt]s4 ,s9ce _m ( ! *apt]s 7 treat$ m]ely z hav+ a magical efficacy ei!r :5 recit$ or :5 inscrib$ on some?+ buri$ ) ! body1 x 0 ( small consequ5ce :e!r or n ! words 7 und]/ood4 ,! b>e recital or writ+ ( names ( gods1 etc41 _h a magical efficacy accord+ to ! p :o c\nt$ ! ,book ( ! ,dead _! sacr$ scriptures4 ,z reg>ds date1 ! great] numb] ( ! hymns & pray]s 7 recit$ by ! p ( ,egypt on behalf ( _! deceas$ fri5ds be=e ! fir/ dyna/y _h begun to reign4 ,bir* says be=e #cjjj ,b4,c4 ,! hymns & pray]s 7 fir/ ( all pres]v$ 9 ! memory only1 & _! numb] 0 at an e>ly "t b small4 ,!y 7 writt5 d[n :5 ! prie/s _h d\bts ) reg>d to ! mean+ ( c]ta9 t]ms1 & wi%$ to h& !m on unimpair$ to po/]ity1 be+ influ5c$ by ! belief t ! words ( ?is sacr$ book 71 z su*1 magically pot5t4 ,! olde/ extant papyrus conta9+ ! ,book ( ! ,dead belongs to ! #ah? ,dyna/y1 i4e41 ab\t #aejj ,b4,c42 b we d n come across a complete copy1 ) ! *apt]s collect$ & set 9 ord] mu* z !y are to-day1 until ! #bf? ,dyna/y 7ab\t ! #g? c5tury ,b4,c474 ,previ\s to ?is ! *apt]s seem to h be5 put toge!r ) no reg>d to ord]2 probably !y exi/$ on diff]5t papyri1 :i* 7 us$ z occasion requir$4 ,commonly !y w\ld be sold1 & = t purpose /or$ up4 ,! translations :i* c be recomm5d$ to /ud5ts are ^? by ,r5\f1 ) text & notes2 ,budge1 ) text & notes2 & t by ,c4,h4,s4 ,davis1 ,u4,s4,a4 7bas$ on ,pirre74 ,all ^! editions include ! vignettes1 :i* are v helpful 9 und]/&+ ! text4 ,i4--,,! ,,scribe ,,ani ,,pleads ,,) ,,osiris ,,?r\gh ,,?o? ,,= ,,admission ,,to ,,! ,,und]world ,,& ,,= ,a ,,safe ,,evit 7,,resurrection7 7,osiris7#a ,ani ! ,scribe says3 ,praise be to !e1 ,osiris ,bull s he 0 (t5 repres5t$4 ,o ,am5tet ! l[] _w ! et]nal k+ is "h to put words into my m\?4 ,i am ,?o?1 ! great god 9 ! sacr$ book1 :o f\ght = !e4 ,i am "o ( ! great gods t f\ght on behalf ( ,osiris4 ,ra1 ! sun-,god1 comm&$ me--,?o?--to d battle on ! e>? = ! wrong$ ,osiris1 & ,i obey$4 ,i am among !m moreov] :o wait ov] ,osiris1 n[ k+ ( ! und]world4 ,i am ) ,horus1 son ( ,osiris1 on ! day :5 ! great fea/ ( ,osiris is kept4 ,i am ! prie/ p\r+ =? libations at ,tattu1 ,i am ! prophet 9 ,abydos4 ,i am "h1 ,o ye t br+ p]fect$ s\ls into ! abode ( ,osiris1 br+ ye ! p]fect$ s\l ( 7,osiris7 ! ,scribe ,ani1 into ! blissful home ( ,osiris4 ,let him see1 he>1 /&1 & sit z ye d 9 ! home ( ,osiris4 ,o ye :o give cakes & ale to p]fect$ s\ls1 give ye at morn & at eve cakes & ale to ! s\l ( ,ani ! ,scribe4 ,o ye :o op5 ! way & prep>e ! pa?s to ! abode ( ,osiris1 op5 ! way & prep>e ! pa? t ! s\l ( 7,osiris7 ,ani ! ,scribe may ent] 9 confid5ce & come =? on ! resurrection victori\sly4 ,may he n be turn$ back1 may he ent] & come =?2 = he has be5 weigh$ 9 ! scale & is n lack+4#b ,,ii4--,,! ,,pray] ,,( ,,ani ,,! ,,scribe ,! *apt] ab\t com+ =? by day & liv+ aft] dea?4 ,says 7,osiris7 ,ani3 ,o ?\1 only %9+ "o ( ! moon2 let me1 dep>t+ f ! cr[d on e>?1 f9d entrance into ! abode ( %ades4 ,op5 !n = me ! door to ! und]world1 & at l5g? let me come back to e>? & p]=m my "p among m54 ,a *apt] :]eby ! fun]al /atuettes 7,%abti7 may be made to "w = a man 9 ! und]world4#c ,o ?\ /atuette !re6 ,if 9 ! und]world ,i %all be call$ ^u to p]=m any tasks1 be ?\ my repres5tative & act = me--plant+ & s[+ fields1 wat]+ ! soil & c>ry+ ! s&s ( ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,a *apt] conc]n+ ! pi]c+ ( ! back ( ,apepi4#d ,tur1 ! ov]se] ( ! h\ses1 says ?r\gh 8 god ,tmu3 ,o ?\ wax "o#e :o take/ ?y victims captive & de/roye/ !m1 :o preye/ ^u ! weak & helpless1 may ,i nev] be ?y victim2 may ,i nev] suff] collapse be=e !e4 ,may ! v5om nev] ent] my limbs1 :i* are z ^? ( ! god ,tmu4 ,o let n ! pa9s ( dea?1 :i* h rea*$ !e2 come ^u me4 ,i am ! god ,tmu1 liv+ 9 ! =emo/ "p ( ,tur ! sky4 ,i am ! only "o 9 ! primordial wat]4 ,i h _m my/]i\s names1 & provide myself a dwell+ to endure millions ( ye>s4 ,i 0 born ( ,tmu1 & ,i am safe & s\nd4 ,ab\t cont5d+ aga9/ fev] ) ! %ield ( tru? & good conduct4 ,says 7,osiris7 ,ani3 ,i g =? aga9/ my foes end[$ ) ! def5ce ( tru? & good conduct4 ,i cross ! heav5s1 & trav]se ! e>?4 ,?\gh a d5iz5 ( ! und]world1 ,i tread ! e>? l "o alive1 foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! bless$ spirits4 ,i h ! gift ( liv+ a million ye>s4 ,i eat ) my m\? & *ew ) my jaw1 because ,i wor%ip him :o is ma/] ( ! l[] _w4 ,,iii4--,,nu ,,praises ,,ra 7,,! ,,sun-,,god7 ,,= ,,8 ,,ability ,,to ,,g ,,d[n ,,into ,,! ,,grave ,,& ,,return ,,to ,,e>? ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,magic ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,texts ,ab\t ent]+ ! und]world & com+ =? !refrom4 ,nu says3 ,i cry al\d to !e1 ,o ,ra1 ?\ gu>dian ( ! secret portals ( ,seb ! grave1 :i* leads to :]e ,ra 9 ! und]world holds ! balance :i* weighs e man's righte\sness e day4 ,i h bur/ ! e>? return$ to e>?2 grant t ,i may rema9 on to a good old age4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,scribe ,,mesemnet] ,,prays ,,t ,,"s ,,(f5d$ ,,god ,,may ,,be ,,conciliat$ ,ab\t remov+ ! ang] ( ! god t[>ds ! dep>t$ "o4 ,! scribe ,mesemnet]1 *ief deputy ( ,amon1 says3 ,praise be to !e1 ,o ,god1 :o make/ ! mom5ts to glide by1 :o gu>de/ ! secrets ( ! life beyond t ( ! e>?1 & guide/ me :5 ,i utt] words4 ,! god is ang]$ aga9/ me4 ,b let my faults be wa/$ away1 & let ! god ( ,"r & ,tru? be> !m ^u me4 ,remove !m :olly f me1 ,o god ( ,"r & ,tru?4 ,let ! (f5d$ "o be at peace ) me4 ,remove ! wall ( sep>ation f be=e u4 ,a hymn to ,ra at 8 ris+ & sett+4 7,osiris7 ! scribe says3 ,praise to !e1 ,o ,ra1 :5 ?\ rise/4 ,%9e ?\ ^u my face4 ,let me arise ) !e into ! heav5s1 & travel ) !e 9 ! boat :]e9 ?\ saile/ on ! cl\ds4 ,?\ passe/ 9 peace across ! heav5s1 & art victori\s ov] all ?y foes4 ,praise to !e :o art ,ra :5 ?\ rise/1 & ,tmu :5 9 beauty ?\ sette/4 ,! dwell]s 9 ! l& ( night come =? to see !e asc5d ! sky4 ,i1 too1 w\ld jo9 ! ?rong2 ,o let me n be held back4 ,hymn ( praise to ,osiris4 ,praise be unto !e1 ,osiris1 "l ( et]nity1 :o appe>e/ 9 _m guises1 & ^: attributes are glori\s4 ,?\ looke/ t[>ds ! und]world & cause/ ! e>? to %9e z ) gold4 ,! dead rise up to gaze on ?y face2 _! he>ts are at peace if !y b look on !e4 ,v4--,,litany ,,to ,,osiris ,pray]4 ,praise to !e1 ,o "l ( ! />ry gods ( ,annu1 m glori\s ?an ! gods hidd5 9 ,annu4 ,answ] 7repeat$ aft] ea* pray]74 ,grant ?\ me a peaceful life1 = ,i am tru?ful & j4 ,i h utt]$ no falsehoods nor act$ deceitfully4 ,pray]4 ,praise to !e1 ,o ,ani2 ) ?y long /rides move/ ?\ across ! heav5s4 ,pray]4 ,praise to !e1 ,o ?\ :o art mighty 9 ?y h\r1 great & mighty pr9ce1 "l & creator ( et]nity4 ,pray]4 ,praise to ^? ^: ?rone is ,"r & ,tru?1 :o hate/ fraud & deceit4 ,pray]4 ,praise to !e :o br+e/ ,hapi ! ,nile2 9 ?y boat f 8 s\rce4 ,pray]4 ,praise to !e1 ,o creator ( ! gods1 ?\ k+ ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,o ,osiris1 ! all-conqu]+ "o1 rul] ( ! _w1 "l ( ! heav5s4 ,,vi4--,,hymn ,,( ,,praise ,,to ,,! ,,sett+ ,,sun ,ab\t ! my/]y ( ! und]world & ab\t travell+ ?r\gh ! und]world4 ,:5 he sets on ! und]world ! gods adore him4 ,! great god ,ra rises ) two eyes sun & moon2 all ! sev5 gods 7,kuas7 welcome him 9 ! ev5+ into ! und]world4 ,!y s+ 8 praises1 call+ him ,tmu4 ,! deceas$ "o says1 ,praise be to !e1 ,o ,ra1 praise be to !e1 ,o ,tmu4 ,?\ ha/ ris5 & put on /r5g?1 & ?\ sette/ 9 glori\s spl5d\r into ! und]world4 ,?\ saile/ 9 ?y boat across ! heav5s1 & ?\ e/abli%e? ! e>?4 ,ea/ & ,we/ adore !e1 b[+ & do+ homage to !e day & night4 ,,vii4--,,ab\t ,,! ,,resurrection1 ,,or ,,! ,,com+ ,,back ,,to ,,life 7,,day71 ,,( ,,dep>t$ ,,%ades4 ,?is is "o ( ! olde/ 7cir4 ,b4,c4 #bgjj7 & mo/ rem>kable *apt]s1 ?\gh also "o ( ! h>de/ to foll[ 9 its details4 ,! vignettes reproduc$ 9 ! editions ( ,davis1 ,r5\f1 & ,budge help consid]ably 9 foll[+ ! l9e ( ?\ght4 ,an exact copy ( ?is *apt] has be5 f\nd on ! tomb ( ,horhotep4 ,! s\l ( ! deceas$ enc\nt]s all mann] ( ob/acles & oppon5ts 9 ! attempt to pass to ! upp] air1 & he seeks con/antly ! help ( ,ra1 etc41 t he may be victori\s4 ,( ! praises ( ent]+ ! l[] _w & ( com+ out4 7,osiris7 ! scribe ,ani says x is a good & pr(itable ?+ on e>? = a man to recite ?is text1 s9ce all ! words writt5 h]e9 %all come to pass4 ,i am ,ra1 :o at my ris+ rule all ?+s4 ,i am ! great self-made god4 ,i am ye/]day & to-morr[4 ,i gave ! comm&1 & a sc5e ( /rife among ! gods arose i4e41 ! sun awak5$ all ! =ces ( ,nature into action4 ,:at is ?is8 ,x is ,am5tet1 ! und]world4 ,:at is ?is8 ,! horizon ( my fa!r ,tmu ! sett+ sun4 ,all ( my fail+s are n[ suppli$1 my s9s cleans$ z ,i pass ?r\gh ! two lakes :i* purify ! (f5ces :i* m5 (f] ! gods4 ,i advance on ! pa?1 desc5d+ to ! realm ( ,osiris1 pass+ ?r\gh ! gate ,tes]4 ,o all ye :o h pass$ ?is way 9 safety1 let me grasp y\r h&s & be br\ght to y\r abode4 ,o ye div9e p[]s ( ,ma]t1 ! sworn foes ( falsehood1 may ,i come to y4 ,i am ! great ,cat i4e41 ,ra himself1 & !re=e 9 8 "n :i* ,i be>1 ,i c tread on all my enemies4 ,o great ,ra1 :o climbe/ ! heav5ly vaults & :o saile/ 9 ?y boat across ! firmam5t ) undisput$ au?ority1 d ?\ save me f t au/]e god ^: eyebr[s are z m5ac+ z ! balance t weighs ! de$s ( m54 ,save me1 ,i pray !e1 f ^! gu>dians ( ! passages :o w1 if !y-may1 imp$e my progress4 ,o ,tmu1 :o live/ 9 ! augu/ abode1 god ( gods1 :o ?rive/ ^u damn$ s\ls1 ?\ dog-fac$1 human-sk9n$ "o1 dev\r] ( %ades1 dige/] ( human he>ts1 ,o fe>ful "o1 save me f ! great s\l-foe :o gnaws & de/roys %ades ( m54 ,o ,*ep]a 9 ?y b>k1 save me f ! te/+ gu>dians into ^: *>ge ! glori\s inviolate god has committ$ 8 foes2 deliv] ?\ me4 ,may ^! nev] undo me1 may ,i nev] fall helpless into ! *amb]s ( torture4 ,o ye gods1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,osiris1 rea*1 =? y\r arms1 = ,i am "o ( ! gods 9 y\r mid/4 ,! 7,osiris7 ,ani flies away l a hawk1 he clucks l a goose1 he is safe f de/ruction z ! s]p5t ,nehebkau4 ,avaunt1 ye lions t ob/ruct my pa?4 ,o ,ra1 ?\ asc5d+ "o1 let me rise ) !e1 & h a triumphant arrival to my old e>?ly abode4 ,,viii4--,a ,,litany ,,address$ ,,to ,,?o? ,! spee* ( ,ammautef1 ! prie/3 ,i h come to y1 ye gods ( heav51 e>?1 & ! und]world1 br++ ) me ,ani1 ! scribe1 :o has done no wrong aga9/ any gods1 s t ye may protect him & give him good-spe$ to ! und]world4 ,! spee* ( ,ani himself3 ,praise be to !e1 ,o ?\ rul] ( ,am5ta1 ,unnef]u1 :o presides 9 ,abydos4 ,i h come to !e ) a pure he>t1 free f s94 ,i h told no falsehoods nor act$ deceitfully4 ,give ?\ me 9 ! tomb ! food ,i ne$ = ! j\rney1 s let me h a safe entrance to ! und]world & a sure exit4 ,! spee* ( ! prie/ ,sam]if3 ,i come to ! gods resid+ at ,re/au4 ,i h br\ght y 7,osiris7 ,ani2 grant him bread1 wat]1 & air1 & also an abode 9 ! ,se*i?otepu ,field ( ,peace4 ,! spee* ( ,ani himself3 ,praise be to ,osiris1 ev]la/+ "l1 & to ! gods ( ,re/au4 ,i come to !e kn[+ ?y goodwill & hav+ le>n$ ^? rites :i* ?\ require/ = entrance into ! l[] _w4 ,may ,i h a safe arrival1 & f9d food 9 ?y pres5ce4 ,litany to ,?o?3 ,o ?\ :o make/ ,osiris triumphant ov] 8 foes1 make ?\ ?is scribe ,neb5s]i victori\s ov] 8 foes4 ,o ,?o?1 make ,ani triumphant ov] 8 enemies1 etc41 etc4 ,if ?is *apt] is recit$ ov] ! deceas$ he %all come =? into ! day & pass ?r\gh ! trans=mations :i* ! dep>t$ "o desires4 ,,ix4--,a ,,magical ,,*apt] ,*apt] ( ! ,cr[n ( ,triumph4 ,?y fa!r ,tmu has made !e ?is beautiful cr[n z a magical *>m s t ?\ maye/ live = ev]4 ,?y fa!r ,seb gives !e 8 inh]itance4 ,osiris1 ! pr9ce ( ,am5ta1 makes !e victori\s ov] ?y foes4 ,g ?\ z ,horus1 son ( ,isis & ,osiris1 & triumph ev] on ?y way to ! und]world4 ,yea 7,osiris7 ,aufankh %all1 ?r\gh ?is recit$ text1 live & triumph = ev] & ev]4 ,horus repeat$ ^! words f\r times1 & 8 enemies fell headlong4 ,& 7,osiris7 ,aufankh has repeat$ ^! words f\r times1 s let him be victori\s4 ,?is *apt] is to be recit$ ov] a consecrat$ cr[n plac$ ov] ! face ( ! deceas$1 & ?\ %alt ca/ inc5se into ! flame on behalf ( 7,osiris7 ,aufankh1 s secur+ triumph ov] all 8 foes4 ,& food & dr9k %all 9 ! und]world be rea*$ him 9 ! pres5ce ( ,osiris its k+4 ,*apt] ab\t mak+ ! deceas$ rememb] 8 "n 9 ! und]world4 ,nu triumphant1 son ( ,am5-hotep1 says3 ,let me rememb] my "n 9 ! great ,h\se bel[ on ! night :5 ye>s are c\nt$ & mon?s are reckon$ up4 ,if any god come to me1 let me at once be able to utt] 8 "n#f & ?us dis>m him4 ,a *apt] ab\t n lett+ ! he>t ( ! deceas$ act aga9/ him 9 ! und]world4 ,my he>t1 receiv$ f my "m1 my he>t1 )\t :i* life on e>? 0 n possible1 rise !n n up aga9/ me 9 ! pres5ce ( ! gods 9 ! great day ( judgm5t :5 human ?\ghts1 words1 & acts %all all be weigh$ 9 a balance4 ,^! words are to be inscrib$ on a h>d gre51 gold-coat$ sc>ab1 :i* is to be ins]t$ ?r\gh ! m\? into ! bosom ( ! deceas$4 ,*apt] ab\t repell+ ! ass-eat]#g4 ,avaunt6 s]p5t ,hai1 impure "o1 hat] ( ,osiris4 ,get !e back1 = ,?o? has cut (f ?y head4 ,let alone ! ass1 t ,i may h cle> skies :5 ,i cross to ! und]world 9 ! ,ne%met boat4 ,i am guiltless be=e ! gods1 & h wrong$ none4 ,s avaunt6 ?\ sun-becl\d+ "o1 & let me h a prosp]\s voyage4 ,*apt] ab\t res]v+ = ! deceas$ 8 seat 9 ! und]world4 ,nu says3 ,my seat1 my ?rone1 come ye to me1 surr\nd me1 div9e ones4 ,i am a mummy-%ap$ p]son4 ,o grant t ,i may become l ! great god1 successful1 hav+ seat & ?rone4 ,a *apt] ab\t com+ =? by day f ! und]world 7i4e41 ! resurrection74 ,"o ( ! v olde/ *apt]s 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 z old at lea/ z ! fir/ dyna/y1 say #dejj ,b4,c4 ,no *apt] 0 reg>d$ ) great] rev]5ce1 or recit$ or copi$ ) m confid5ce 9 its efficacy1 probably because x is a summ+ up ( ! important *apt]s on ! com+ =? by day f ! und]world4 ,he :o kn[s ?is *apt] by he>t is safe aga9/ dang] 9 ?is _w & 9 all o!r abodes4 ,nebs5i1 "l ( rev]5ce1 says3 ,i am ye/]day & "k to-morr[4 ,i am able to be born aga94 ,"h is ! invisible =ce :i* creates gods & gives food to d5iz5s ( ! und]world4 ,i g z a mess5g] to ,osiris4 ,o goddess ,au*]it1 grant t ,i may come =? f ! und]world to see ,ra's blaz+ orb4 ,o ?\ conductor ( %ades1 let me h a fair pa? to ! und]world & a sure arrival4 ,may ,i be def5d$ aga9/ all oppos+ p[]s4 ,may ! cycle ( gods li/5 to me & grant my reque/ 99 99 99 99 99 ,,books ,,( ,,brahmanism ,,introductory ,! religion ( ! anci5t ,p]sians & ( ! anci5t ,aryan ,indians 0 at "o "t ! same1 & x is easy n[ to see ! common basis ( ! beliefs & practices embodi$ 9 ! ,h9du ,v$as & ! ,z5d ,ave/a 7see ,,zoroa/rianism71 & _! g5]al resemblance4 ,! religion ( ! anci5t ,aryan ,indians has pass$ ?r\gh ?ree out/&+ phases1 designat$ by mod]n s*ol>s3 ,v$ism1 or t taught by ! ,v$as2 ,brahmanism1 bas$ on ! ,brahmans1 or ritual additions to ! ,v$as2 & ,h9duism 7q4v471 ! =m :i* reviv$ ,brahmanism took aft] ! expulsion ( ,buddhism4 ,?\gh ! latt] is /rictly an ,indian religion1 judg$ by its orig9 & *>act]i/ic features1 x has = c5turies almo/ ceas$ to exi/ 9 ,india prop]4 ,x w be f\nd g5]ally true t 9 ,brahmanism !re is1 z comp>$ ) ,v$ism1 an increase ( ! ritual1 & a correspond+ decrease ( ! moral elem5t4 ,! gods become m mat]ial1 & ! means ( conciliat+ !m c]emonial & magical4 ,s also !re is a gr[? 9 ! p[] ( ! prie/hood4 ,"o may comp>e ?is ) ! c\rse ( developm5t among ! ,hebrews--! ritual & c]emonial bulk+ m & m1 & ! e?ical rec$+1 accord+ to mo/ mod]n s*ol>s4 ,x has to be rememb]$ c>efully1 h[ev]1 t ! di/9ction betwe5 ,v$ism1 ,brahmanism1 & ,h9duism is m logical ?an actual4 ,! se$s ( ,h9duism1 ev5 ! doctr9e ( ca/e1 may be trac$ 9 ! ,rig ,v$a1 & a mod]n or?odox4 ,h9du w tell y t 8 pr9cipal scriptures are ! ,v$as1 & t 8 cre$ & practice h _! s\rce 9 ^! scriptures4 ,brahmanism may be repres5t$ z a sy/em ( law & cu/om 9 ! ,laws ( ,manu2 z a philosophy 9 ! ,upani%ads2 & z a my?ology 9 ! ,ramayana & ,mahabh>ata4 ,,mahabh>ata ,! ^w ,mahabh>ata means ,! ,great ,bh>ata1 ! "n ( a well-kn[n p 9 anci5t ,india4 ,! epic s call$ is a v long "o1 conta9+ at lea/ #bbj1jjj l5g?y l9es4 ,x is really an encyclopa$ia ( ,h9du hi/ory1 leg5d1 my?ology1 & philosophy4 ,f\r-fif?s ( ! poem consi/ ( episodes1 "s ( !m v beautiful1 z ! tale ( ,nala & 8 wife ,damayanti4 ,^! h no prim>y connection ) ! orig9al1 ?\gh !y are work$ 9 s deftly z to make ! :ole appe> a spl5did unity4 ,= pa?os1 sublimity1 & mat*less language1 no poem 9 ! _w exce$s ?is "o4 ,x is arrang$ 9 eighte5 books1 all ( :i* claim to h be5 compos$ by ,vyasa--ano!r "n = ! god ,kri%na--:o is said also 9 ! c\rse ( ! epic to h compos$ ! ,v$as & ! ,puranas4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 my?ology1 & n lit]>y hi/ory4 ,! hi/orical nucleus und]ly+ ?is poem is ! conflict :i* rag$ 9 anci5t ,india betwe5 two neighb\r+ tribes1 ! ,kurus 7or ,kauravas7 & ! ,p&avas4 ,b ?is is work$ up into ano!r long tale into :i* & ar\nd :i* ,brahman tea*]s & philosoph]s h wov5 a v network ( religi\s1 !osophic1 & philosophic speculation4 ,! tale is1 9 fact1 made a vehicle = tea*+ ,brahman ism z x exi/$ 9 ,india 9 ! fir/ five c5turies ( our era1 ?\gh mu* ( ! ,mahabh>ata goes back to a ?\s& ye>s or s ,b4,c4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,epic ,! desc5dants ( ,bh>ata1 ! k+ ( ,ha/9apura1 ab\t sixty miles nor? ( ,delhi1 7 divid$ into two bran*es1 ! ,kauravas & ! ,p&avas1 ea* ( :i* occupi$ ! t]ritory :i* _h come d[n to x by inh]itance4 ,!y liv$ toge!r 9 peace & prosp]ity1 wor%ipp+ ! gods1 /udy+ ! ,v$as1 & sp5d+ mu* "t 9 m$itation ab\t high] ?+s4 ,b !re came a *ange = ! worse4 ,! ,kauravas1 n cont5t ) _! own t]ritory1 look$ ) jeal\s eyes ^u t ( _! k9sm51 ! ,p&avas4 ,soon _! covet\sness realis$ itself 9 action1 = ga!r+ _! arm$ m5 toge!r1 !y sprang sudd5ly ^u ! l& ( _! neighb\rs1 :om !y dis>m$ previ\sly by pr(essions ( fri5d%ip & goodwill ,! ,p&avas 7 conqu]$ & driv5 into a f> c\ntry1 :]e !y w&]$ homelessly & yet fill$ ) undy+ love = ! old home ( _! fa!rs & ) a resolve to rega9 at ! fir/ opportunity _! ance/ral t]ritory4 ,) ! help ( z _m pr9ces & g5]als z !y c\ld w9 to _! side !y m>*$ t[>ds ! l& :i* !y _h lo/1 tak+ back by =ce :at _h be5 wre/$ f !m by =ce4 ,! two armies met face to face on ! field ( ,kuruk%etra 7l& ( ! ,kurus71 & ! battle1 :i* la/$ eighte5 days1 0 ab\t to beg94 ,! fa!r & k+ ( ! ,kauravas1 call$ ,dhrit>a%tra1 ag$ & bl9d1 felt t he c\ld n /& to witness ! bloody affray4 ,he accord+ly accept$ ! (f] ( ,vyasa 7,kri%na71 a relative ( bo? ! cont5d+ p>ties1 to h ! entire c\rse ( ev5ts describ$ to him :5 all 0 ov]1 "o ,sang>a1 be+ deput$ to p]=m ! task4 ,! battle began & proce$$ = t5 long days :5 ,bhrisma1 ! *ief g5]al ( ! ,kauravas1 fell4 ,at ?is po9t ,sang>a advanc$ to ! old ,k+ ,dhrit>a%tra to acqua9t him ) ! c\rse ?+s _h tak51 & among ! re/ to recite to him a conv]sation :i* _h tak5 place betwe5 ,kri%na & ,arguna1 ! ,p&avan pr9ce & g5]al4 ,x is ?is dialogue :i* con/itutes ! ,holy ,song1 kn[n z ! ,bhagavad-,gita1 or ,kri%na ,song1 ! ,kri%na ( ?is philosophic poem be+1 ( c\rse1 ! eigh? avat>a2 or inc>nation1 ( ,vi%nu4 ,! rema9+ books ( ! ,mahabh>ata rec\nt ! subsequ5t incid5ts ( ! w>1 :i*1 9 all1 la/$ = eighte5 days4 ,! ,kauravas 7 de/roy$1 ! only survivors be+ ! ,p&avas & ,kri%na ) 8 *>iote]4 ,! _m dead t 7 left on ! field 7 buri$ ) ! rites ( religion1 & amid _m signs ( t\*+ affection & grief4 ,bhrisma1 lead] ( ! ,kauravas1 in/ructs ,yudhi%?ira on ! duties ( k+s & o!r topics4 ,! poem !n ends4 ,,! ,,bhagavad-,,gita1 ,,or ,,holy ,,song ,,( ,,brahmanism ,?is poem =ms "o ( ! f9e/ episodes 9 ! great ,iliad ( ,india1 &1 9 fact1 is h>dly surpass$ = pr(\nd ?\ght1 deep feel+1 & exquisite phras+1 9 ! :ole lit]ature ( ,india4 ,telang holds t ! song is at lea/ z old z ! #d? c5tury1 & is incl9$ to reg>d x z an orig9al "p ( ! epic4 ,accord+ to mo/ s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 ! ,div9e ,song 0 add$ at a lat] p]iod1 &1 9 fact1 9 its pres5t =m x is sc>cely old] ?an #ejj ,a4,d4 ,x is s ?or\ghly ,brahmanic 9 its tea*+ t !re c be little d\bt b t ?is song 0 introduc$ 9 ord] to convey ! tea*+ ( ,brahmanism preval5t at ! "t4 ,! ,g]man s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,lor9s]1 has tri$ to prove t ! au?or ( ?is song _h a k ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & us$ x4 ,! foll[+ passages are po9t$ out by him z dep5d5t on ,new ,te/am5t passages4 ,,bhagavad-,,gita ,i am exce$+ly de> to ! wise man2 he also is de> to me4 ,i am ! way1 support]1 "l1 witness1 abode1 refuge1 fri5d4 ,i nev] dep>t f him 7! true ,yogis72 he nev] dep>ts f me4 ,!y :o wor%ip me ) true devotion1 are 9 me & ,i 9 !m4 ,be assur$ t he :o wor%ips me p]i%es n4 ,i am ! beg9n+ & ! middle & ! end ( exi/5t ?+s4 ,i w deliv] !e f all s92 d n grieve4 ,he :o kn[s me z unborn & )\t beg9n+1 ! mighty ,"l ( ! ,_w1 he among mortals is undelud$1 he is deliv]$ f all s9s4 ,:at sacrifice1 almsgiv+1 or au/]ity is done )\t fai? is evil4 ,t man obta9s ! p]fect /ate :o hon\rs by 8 prop] "w him f :om all ?+s h issu$1 & by :om ?is ,all 0 spread out4 ,,new ,,te/am5t ,he t love? ,me %all be lov$ ( ,my ,fa!r1 & ,i w love him 7,john xiv4 #ba74 ,i am ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life 7,john xiv4 #f7 ,i am ! fir/ & ! la/ 7,rev4 i4 #ag74 ,he t dwelle? 9 ,me & ,i 9 ,him 7,john vi4 #ef74 ,i 9 !m & ?\ 9 ,me1 t !y may be made p]fect 9 "o 7,john xvii4 #bc74 ,:osoev] believe? 9 ,him %all n p]i%1 b h ev]la/+ life 7,john iii4 #af74 ,i am ,alpha & ,omega1 ! beg9n+ & end+ 7,rev4 i4 #h74 ,son1 be ( good *e]2 ?y s9s be =giv5 !e 7,matt4 ix4 #b74 ,?is is life et]nal1 t !y might "k ,!e1 ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,:om ,?\ ha/ s5t 7,john xvii1 #c74 ,:atsov] is n ( fai? is s9 7,rom4 xiv4 #bc74 ,:e!r !re=e ye eat or dr9k1 or :atsoev] ye d1 d all to ! glory ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 x4 #ca74 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,bhagavad-,,gita ,! bl9d old fa!r ( ! ,kauravas ask$ ,sang>a to tell him h[ ! battle _h gone4 ,he repli$ t1 j z ! fight+ began1 ,kri%na1 ! ,heav5-,born ,"o1 /ation$ 8 glori\s *>iot betwe5 ! armies & ent]$ into a long conv]sation1 ) ,arguna1 ! pr9ce-g5]al ( ! ,p&avas4 ,said ,arguna1 ,my grief at see+ ^! k9dr$ peoples at w> is beyond be>+1 & ! om5s are unfav\rable4 ,i long n = victory1 b = peace & = ! prosp]ity ( all4 ,behold1 9 battle array gr&fa!rs1 fa!rs1 sons1 fri5ds1 & allies4 ,we h resolv$ to commit a great s91 to slay our k9dr$ & associates1 & all = lu/ ( weal? & p[]4 ,! ,holy ,"o 7,kri%na7 said 9 reply1 ,?\ grieve/ = ^? :o ne$ no grief ( ?9e2 yet are ?y words words ( wisdom4 ,! wise h no grief = dead or liv+2 "k ?\1 ,o ,arguna1 t ! man :o has k ( ! ,et]nal & ,absolute ,"o w nev] m be born1 nor w he "k dea?4 ,z "o puts away an old us$ g>m5t1 putt+ on a new "o1 s ! self 9 a man puts away ! old body & assumes "o t is new4 ,he1 ! ,ev]la/+ ,"o1 is un*ang+ & inconceivable4 ,be n ?\ griev$ & h no fe>4 ,if sla9 9 ! battle1 ?\ %alt rea* endless bliss 9 heav54 ,if victori\s1 ?\ %alt h happ9ess on ! e>?2 get !e1 !re=e1 hon\r$ "o1 to ! fight & h no c>e = pleasure or pa94 ,"s obta9 com=t f :at ! ,v$as promise ) ref]5ce to et]nal bliss4 ,b ^! v ,v$as tea* t a man %\ld /rive at self-mortification & advancem5t 9 virtue ) no reg>d to any rew>d4 ,! f9al good aft] :i* m5 are *iefly to aim is a /ate ( supreme indiff]5ce & contempt4 ,b1 ask$ ,arguna1 :at1 pray1 is t /ate ( equipoise ( _s :i* ?\ urge/8 ,said ! ,holy ,"o1 ,!re is a tw(old law3 t ( ,sankhyas1 or intellectual devotion1 & t ( ,yogis1 or practical devotion4 ,m5 mu/ /rive aft] ! highe/ k1 t ( ,brahma1 & also seek aft] "r conduct4 ,:at1 ask$ ,arguna1 is ! cause ( s98 ,to :i* ! ,holy ,"o repli$1 ,love & hatr$1 = hatr$ is begott5 ( love1 & ignorance ( moral di/9ctions & ( ang]2 f all ?is comes unreasonabl5ess & result+ ru94 ,a man's k c>ries always ) x desire1 z ! fire smoke4 ,! s5ses are great1 ! m9d is great]1 & ! intellect /ill great]1 b ! greate/ ( all is ! ,et]nal ,ess5ce1 ,brahma4 ,_m1 said ! ,holy ,"o1 are my bir?s1 & ,i "k !m2 _m too1 are ?9e1 b ?\ kn[e/ !m n4 ,i am born f age to age = ! def5ce ( ! virtu\s & ! undo+ ( ! wick$4 ,he :o believes 9 my div9e bir? & "w has no second bir?1 b ent]s me & abides ) me = ev]4 ,"k me z ! creator ( ! cates1 "k me also z ! ,et]nal "o t creates no?+4 ,fai? br+s ) x k1 & k cont5tm5t4 ,)\t k & fai? ! s\l is lo/4 ,arguna ask$1 ,h[ f>es x ) ! man :o is n able to suppress 8 l[] in/9cts & to und]go ! discipl9e ( ,yogis8 ,is he = ?is1 to be undone = ev]8 ,no1 repli$ ! ,holy ,"o1 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! next is he lo/4 ,! virtu\s man does n ent] an evil /ate4 ,he rea*es t heav5 provid$ = all ! good1 & is born !reaft] ) high] moral capacities1 ) :i*1 & by means ( ! k ga9$ 9 8 previ\s exi/5ce1 he rises to great] p]fection2 s t aft] _m bir?s he rea*es absolute p]fection & is unit$ = ev] ) ,brahma4 ,b le>n ?\ my high] nature2 :at ?\ see/ is my l[]1 = ,i am div9e & human4 ,all ! _w came =? f me1 & ,i w at ! la/ de/roy x4 ,high] ?an ,i does n exi/4 ,i am ta/e1 light1 moon1 sun2 ,i am ! my/ic ,,om2 ,i am ! my/ic se$ f :i* all ?+s gr[4 ,he t (f]s sacrifice to inf]ior gods goes aft] dea? to ^? gods1 b !y t wor%ip me come to me4 ,:at1 ask$ ,arguna1 is ,brahma1 ! supreme _s1 ! supreme sacrifice8 ,! ,holy ,"o answ]$1 ,he is ! ,supreme1 ! ,inde/ructible ,"o2 ,i am ! ,supreme ,sacrifice 9 my pres5t body4 ,he> n[1 ,son ( ,pri?a1 said ! ,holy ,"o4 ,if ?y he>t be fix$ on me1 & ?\ seeke/ refuge 9 me1 ?\ %alt "k me fully1 & ,i %all reveal to !e ! p]fect k ( ,god & man4 ,!re are c\ntless myriads ( m5 9 ?is _w1 b few !re are :o seek aft] p]fection1 & few] /ill !re are :o obta9 x4 ,,o!r ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,mahabh>ata ,?\gh ! husb& die unhappy on acc\nt ( 8 wife's ill-treatm5t & disob$i5ce1 yet if %e consign h]self to ! flames aft] 8 dea? %e is des]v+ ( great praise4 ,h[ mu* m %\ld a woman be v5]at$ :o fl+s h]self ( h] own accord into ! flames aft] ! dea? ( a husb& :om %e has treat$ ) affection & submission6 ,let gifts be avoid$2 = receiv+ !m is a s94 ,! silkworm dies ( its ri*es4 ,x is n prop] to rebuke or ev5 blame wrong acts ( gods or prie/s or se]s2 ?\gh no "o is ju/ifi$ 9 foll[+ !m 9 ^! acts4 ,virtue is bett] ?an ev]la/+ life2 k+dom1 sons1 r5[n1 & weal? all put toge!r d n make up "o-sixte5? "p ( ! value ( virtue4 ,! greate/ s9 t a k+ c commit is aton$ = by sacrifices accompani$ ) l>ge gifts c[s1 etc4 to ! prie/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,br[ne ,,religio ,,m$ici ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 ,engli% essayi/1 came ( a ,*e%ire family1 b 0 born 9 ,london on ,octob] #ai1 #afje4 ,educat$ at ,ox=d1 :]e he graduat$ 9 #afbf1 he next /udi$ m$ic9e at ! great univ]sities ( ,montpeli]1 ,padua1 & ,leyd51 & 9 #afcg w5t to live at ,norwi*1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 dea? on ,octob] #ai1 #afhb4 ,he 0 happily m>ri$ 9 #afda1 & 0 knight$ by ,*>les ,,ii4 9 #afga4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne is "o ( ! greate/ figures 9 ,engli% lit]>y hi/ory4 ,he _h extraord9>y le>n+1 a magnific5t /yle1 a c]ta9 dry hum\r1 &1 above all1 great p[] & nobility ( m9d4 ,9 8 two mo/ valu$ works1 ,religio ,m$ici1 or ,religion ( a ,physician1 publi%$ 9 #afdc1 & ,urn ,burial1 9 #afeh1 he deals ) ! greate/ ( all !mes1 ! my/]ies ( fai? & ( human de/9y4 ,! ,religio ,m$ici1 writt5 ab\t #afce1 0 n at fir/ int5d$ = publication2 b ! manuscript _h be5 h&$ ab\t & copi$1 & ! appe>ance1 9 #afdb1 ( private editions1 =c$ ! au?or to issue x himself4 ,i4--,,! ,,broad-,,m9d$ ,,*ri/ian ,= my religion ,i d>e1 )\t usurpation1 assume ! hon\rable /yle ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,n t ,i m]ely owe ?is title to ! font1 my education1 or ! clime :]e9 ,i 0 born2 b t hav+1 9 my rip] ye>s & confirm$ judgm5t1 se5 & exam9$ all1 ,i f9d myself oblig$1 by ! pr9ciples ( grace & ! law ( m9e own reason1 to embrace no o!r "n b ?is4 ,b1 because ! "n ( a ,*ri/ian is become too g5]al to express our fai?--!re be+ a geography ( religion z well z l&s--,i am ( t re=m$ new-ca/ religion1 :]e9 ,i dislike no?+ b ! "n3 ( ! same belief our ,savi\r taught1 ! apo/les dissem9at$1 ! fa!rs au?oris$1 & ! m>tyrs confirm$2 b1 by ! s9i/] ends ( pr9ces1 ! ambition & av>ice ( prelates1 & ! fatal corruption ( ! times1 s decay$1 impair$1 & fall5 f its native beauty1 t x requir$ ! c>eful & *>itable h&s ( ^! times to re/ore x to its primitive integrity4 ,yet d ,i n /& at sword's po9t ) ^? :o _h r promiscu\sly reta9 all ?an abridge any1 & ob/9ately be :at !y are ?an :at !y h be54 ,we h re=m$ f !m1 n aga9/ !m1 = !re is betwe5 u "o common "n & appellation1 "o fai? & necess>y body ( pr9ciples common to u bo?2 & !re=e ,i am n scrupul\s to conv]se & live ) !m1 to ent] _! *ur*es 9 defect ( ours1 & ei!r pray ) !m or = !m4 ,i am naturally incl9$ to t :i* misguid$ zeal t]ms sup]/ition2 at my devotion ,i love to use ! civility ( my knee1 my hat1 my h&1 ) all ^? outw>d & s5sible motions :i* may express or promote my invisible devotion4 ,at ! sight ( a crucifix ,i c disp5se ) my hat1 b sc>ce ) ! ?\ght or memory ( my ,savi\r4 ,i c\ld nev] he> ! ,ave-,m>y bell )\t an oraison1 or ?9k x a suffici5t w>rant1 because !y err$ 9 "o circum/ance1 = me to err 9 all--t is1 9 sil5ce & dumb contempt4 ,i c\ld nev] divide myself f any man ^u ! diff]5ce ( an op9ion2 ,i h no g5ius to disputes 9 religion4 ,a man may be 9 z j possession ( tru? z ( a city1 & yet be =c$ to surr5d]2 'tis !re=e f> bett] to enjoy h] ) peace ?an to haz>d h] ^u a battle4 ,if1 !re=e1 !re rise any d\bts 9 my way1 ,i d =get !m1 or at lea/ def] !m1 till my bett] settl$ judgm5t be able to resolve !m4 ,9 philosophy1 :]e tru? seems d\ble-fac$1 !re is no man m p>adoxical ?an myself2 b 9 div9ity ,i love to keep ! road1 &1 ?\gh n 9 an implicit1 yet an humble1 fai? foll[ ! great :eel ( ! ,*ur*4 ,heads t are dispos$ unto s*ism1 & complexionally prop5se to innovation1 are naturally indispos$ = a community1 nor w be ev] conf9$ unto ! ord] or economy ( "o body2 &1 !re=e1 :5 !y sep>ate f o!rs1 !y knit b loosely among !mselves2 nor cont5t$ ) a g5]al brea* or di*otomy ) _! *ur*1 d subdivide & m9ce !mselves almo/ into atoms4 ,z = ^? w+y my/]ies 9 div9ity & airy subtleties 9 religion :i* h unh+$ ! bra9s ( bett] heads1 !y h nev] /ret*$ ! membranes ( m9e4 ,me?9ks !re be n impossibilities en\gh 9 religion = an active fai?2 ,i love to lose myself 9 a my/]y1 to pursue my reason to an ,o altitudo6 ,i c answ] all ! objections ( ,satan & my rebelli\s reason ) t odd resolution ( ,t]tullian3 ,x is c]ta9 because x is impossible4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,div9e ,,wisdom ,9 my solit>y & retir$ imag9ation ,i rememb] ,i am n alone2 & !re=e =get n to contemplate ,him & ,8 attributes :o is ev] ) me1 especially ^? two mighty ones1 ,8 wisdom & et]nity4 ,) ! "o ,i recreate1 ) ! o!r ,i conf\nd1 my und]/&+2 = :o c speak ( et]nity )\t a solecism1 or ?9k !re( )\t an ec/asy8 ,9 ?is mass ( ,nature !re is a set ( ?+s t c>ry 9 _! front1 ?\gh n 9 capital lett]s1 yet 9 /5ography & %ort *>act]s1 some?+ ( div9ity2 :i*1 to wis] reasons1 s]ve z lum9>ies 9 ! abyss ( k1 & to judici\s beliefs z scales to m\nt ! p9nacles ( div9ity4 ,t o!r attribute :]e) ,i recreate my devotion is ,8 wisdom1 9 :i* ,i am happy2 & = ! contemplation ( ?is only1 d n rep5t me t ,i 0 br$ 9 ! way ( /udy4 ,! advantage ,i h ( ! vulg>1 ) ! cont5t & happ9ess ,i conceive !re91 is an ample recomp5se = all my endeav\rs 9 :at "p ( k soev]4 ,wisdom is ,8 mo/ beaute\s attribute2 no man c atta9 unto x2 yet ,solomon pleas$ ,god :5 he desir$ x4 ,he is wise because ,he kn[s all ?+s2 & ,he kn[s all ?+s because ,he made !m all2 b ,8 greate/ k is 9 compreh5d+ t ,he made n--t is1 ,himself4 ,! wisdom ( ,god receives small hon\r f ^? heads t rudely />e ab\t1 & ) a gross ru/icity admire ,8 works4 ,^? highly magnify ,him ^: judici\s inquiry into ,8 acts1 & a delib]ate rese>* into ,8 creatures1 return ! duty ( a dev\t & le>n$ admiration4 ,e ess5ce1 creat$ or uncreat$1 ha? its f9al cause & "s positive end bo? ( its ess5ce & op]ation4 ,?is is ! cause ,i grope aft] 9 ! works ( ,nature2 on ?is hangs ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,t ,nature does no?+ 9 va9 is ! only indisputable axiom 9 philosophy4 ,!re are no grotesques 9 ,nature1 nor any?+ fram$ to fill up unnecess>y spaces4 ,i c\ld nev] cont5t my contemplation ) ^? g5]al pieces ( wond]1 ! flux & reflux ( ! sea1 ! increase ( ! ,nile1 ! conv]sion ( ! ne$le to ! nor?2 b h /udi$ to mat* & p>allel ^? 9 ! m obvi\s & neglect$ pieces ( ,nature :i*1 )\t fur!r travel1 ,i f9d 9 ! cosmography ( myself4 ,we c>ry ) u ! wond]s we seek )\t u2 !re is all ,africa & h] prodigies 9 u4 ,?us !re are two books f :5ce ,i collect my div9ity3 besides t writt5 "o ( ,god1 ano!r ( ,8 s]vant1 ,nature1 t univ]sal & public manuscript1 t lies expans$ unto ! eyes ( all4 ,surely ! hea!ns knew bett] h[ to jo9 & read ^! my/ical lett]s ?an we ,*ri/ians1 :o ca/ a m c>eless eye on ^! common hi]oglyphics1 & disda9 to suck div9ity f ! fl[]s ( ,nature4 ,n[1 ,nature is n at v>iance ) art1 nor art ) ,nature1 !y be+ bo? ! s]vants ( ,8 provid5ce4 ,art is ! p]fection ( ,nature4 ,nature ha? made "o _w1 & art ano!r4 ,9 brief1 all ?+s are artificial1 = ,nature is ! art ( ,god4 ,?is is ! ord9>y & op5 way ( ,8 provid5ce1 :i* art & indu/ry h 9 good "p discov]$1 ^: effects we may =etell )\t an oracle4 ,b !re is ano!r way1 full ( me&]s & labyr9?s1 & t is a m p>ticul> & obscure me?od ( ,8 provid5ce1 direct+ ! op]ations ( individual & s+le ess5ces4 ,?is we call =tune1 t s]p5t9e & crook$ l9e :]eby ,he draws ^? actions ,8 wisdom int5ds 9 a m unkn[n & secret way4 ,?is cryptic & involv$ me?od ( ,8 provid5ce h ,i ev] admir$2 nor c ,i relate ! hi/ory ( my life1 ! occurr5ces ( my days1 ! escapes1 or dang]s1 & hits ( *ance1 ) a b>e gramm]cy to my good />s4 ,surely !re are 9 e man's life c]ta9 rubs1 d\bl+s1 & wr5*es1 :i* pass a :ile "u ! effects ( *ance2 b at ! la/1 well exam9$1 prove ! m]e h& ( ,god4 ',twas n dumb *ance t1 to discov] ! f\gade1 or p[d] plot1 contriv$ a misc>riage 9 ! lett]4 ,i l ! victory ( '#hh ! bett] = t "o occurr5ce :i* our enemies imput$ to our di%on\r & ! p>tiality ( =tune3 to wit1 ! tempe/s & contr>iety ( w9ds4 ,!re is no lib]ty = causes to op]ate 9 a loose & /raggl+ way1 nor any effect :atev] b ha? its w>rant f "s univ]sal or sup]ior cause4 ',tis n a ridicul\s devotion to say a pray] be=e a game at tables2 = ev5 9 sortileges & matt]s ( greate/ unc]ta9ty !re is a settl$ & pre-ord]$ c\rse ( effects4 ,x is we t are bl9d1 n =tune4 ,because our eye is too dim to discov] ! my/]y ( h] effects1 we fooli%ly pa9t h] bl9d1 & hoodw9k ! provid5ce ( ! ,almighty4 ',tis1 ,i confess1 ! common fate ( m5 ( s+ul> gifts ( m9d to be de/itute ( ^? ( =tune2 :i* do? n any way deject ! _s ( wis] judgm5ts1 :o ?or\ghly und]/& ! ju/ice ( ?is proce$+2 &1 be+ enri*$ ) high] donatives1 ca/ a m c>eless eye on ^! vulg> p>ts ( felicity4 ,x is a mo/ unju/ ambition to desire to engross ! m]cies ( ! ,almighty4 ,i h he>d "s ) deep sighs lam5t ! lo/ l9es ( ,cic]o2 o!rs ) z _m groans deplore ! combu/ion ( ! libr>y ( ,alex&ria2 = my own "p1 ,i ?9k !re be too _m 9 ! _w1 & c\ld ) pati5ce behold ! urn & a%es ( ! ,vatican1 c\ld ,i1 ) a few o!rs1 recov] ! p]i%$ leaves ( ,solomon4 ,"s m5 h writt5 m ?an o!rs h spok54 ,( ^? ?ree great inv5tions 9 ,g]many1 !re are two :i* are n )\t _! incommodities4 ,tis n a melan*oly wi% ( my own1 b ! desires ( bett] heads1 t !re 7 a g5]al synod--n to unite ! incompatible diff]5ce ( religion1 b = ! b5efit ( le>n+1 to r$uce x1 z x lay at fir/1 9 a few & solid au?ors2 & to condemn to ! fire ^? sw>ms & millions ( rhapsodies1 begott5 only to di/ract & abuse ! weak] judgm5ts ( s*ol>s & to ma9ta9 ! trade & my/]y ( typograph]s4 ,z all t die 9 ! w> are n t]m$ soldi]s1 s nei!r c ,i prop]ly t]m all ^? t suff] 9 matt]s ( religion1 m>tyrs4 ,!re are _m1 que/ionless1 canonis$ on e>? t %all nev] be sa9ts 9 heav51 & h _! names 9 hi/ories & m>tyrologies :o1 9 ! eyes ( ,god1 are n s p]fect m>tyrs z 0 t wise hea!n ,socrates1 t suff]$ on a fundam5tal po9t ( religion--! unity ( ,god4 ,! leav5 & f]m5t ( all1 n only civil b religi\s actions1 is wisdom2 )\t :i* to commit ourselves to ! flames is homicide1 &1 ,i fe>1 b to pass ?r\gh "o fire into ano!r4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,hope ,,( ,,immortality ,i ?ank ,god ,i h n ^? /rait ligam5ts or n>r[ obligations to ! _w z to dote on life or tremble at ! "n ( dea?4 ,n t ,i am ins5sible ( ! horror !re(1 or1 by rak+ into ! b[els ( ! deceas$ & cont9ual sight ( anatomies1 ,i h =got ! appreh5sion ( mortality2 b t1 m>%all+ all ! horrors1 ,i f9d n any?+ !re9 able to daunt ! c\rage ( a man1 mu* less a well-resolv$ ,*ri/ian4 ,7 !re n ano!r life t ,i hope =1 all ! vanities ( ?is _w %\ld n entreat a mom5t's brea? f me4 ,^? /range & my/ical transmigrations t ,i h obs]v$ 9 silkworms turn$ my philosophy into div9ity4 ,!re is 9 ^! works ( ,nature :i* seem to puzzle reason1 some?+ div9e1 t ha? m 9 x ?an ! eye ( a common spectator do? discov]4 ,"s1 ^u ! c\rage ( a fruitful issue1 :]e91 z 9 ! true/ *ronicle1 !y seem to outlive !mselves1 c ) great] pati5ce away ) dea?4 ,?is seems to me a m]e fallacy1 unwor?y ! desires ( a man t c b conceive a ?\ght ( ! next _w2 :o1 9 a nobl] ambition1 %\ld desire to live 9 8 sub/ance 9 heav5 r ?an 8 "n & %ad[ 9 ! e>?4 ,7 !re any hopes to outlive vice1 or a po9t to be sup]annuat$ f s91 x 7 wor?y our knees to implore ! days ( ,me?uselah4 ,b age do? n rectify b br+s on incurable vices1 & ! numb] ( our days do? b make our s9s innum]able4 ,!re is b "o com=t left1 t ?\gh x be 9 ! p[] ( ! weake/ arm to take away life1 x is n 9 ! /ronge/ to deprive u ( dea?4 ,!re is no happ9ess )9 ?is circle ( fle%1 nor is x 9 ! optics ( ^! eyes to behold felicity4 ,b besides ?is lit]al & positive k9d ( dea?1 !re are o!rs :]e( div9es make m5tion1 z mortification1 dy+ unto s9 & ! _w4 ,9 ^! moral acceptations1 ! way to be immortal is to die daily2 & ,i h enl>g$ t common ,rememb] dea? into a m ,*ri/ian memor&um--,rememb] ! f\r la/ ?+s--dea?1 judgm5t1 heav51 & hell4 ,i believe t ! _w gr[s ne> its end2 b t g5]al op9ion1 t ! _w gr[s ne> its end1 ha? possess$ all ages pa/ z ne>ly z ours4 ,!re is no road or ready way to virtue2 x is n an easy po9t ( art to dis5tangle ourselves f ?is riddle or web ( s94 ,to p]fect virtue1 z to religion1 !re is requir$ a panoplia1 or complete arm\r2 t :il/ we lie at close w>d aga9/ "o vice1 we lie n op5 to ! assault ( ano!r4 ,!re g s _m circum/ances to piece up "o good action t x is a lesson to be good1 & we are =c$ to be virtu\s by ! book4 ,insol5t zeals t d decry good works1 & rely only ^u fai?1 take n away m]it2 =1 dep5d+ ^u ! efficacy ( _! fai?1 !y en=ce ! condition ( ,god1 & 9 a m sophi/ical way d seem to *all5ge heav54 ,i d n d5y b t true fai? is n only a m>k or tok51 b also a means1 ( our salvation2 b1 :]e to f9d ?is is z obscure to me z my la/ end4 ,if a fai? to ! quantity ( a gra9 ( mu/>d se$ is able to remove m\nta9s1 surely t :i* we boa/ ( is n any?+1 or1 at ! mo/1 b a remove f no?+4 ,= t o!r virtue ( *>ity1 )\t :i* fai? is a m]e notion & ( no exi/5ce1 ,i h ev] endeav\r$ to n\ri% ! m]ciful disposition & humane incl9ation ,i borr[$ f my p>5ts1 & regulate x to ! writt5 & prescrib$ laws ( *>ity4 ,i give no alms to satisfy ! hung] ( my bro!r1 b to fulfil ! comm& ( my ,god2 ,i draw n my purse = 8 sake t dem&s x1 b ,8 t enjo9$ x4 ,aga91 x is no great] *>ity to clo! 8 body ?an to app>el ! nak$ness ( 8 s\l2 & to ?is1 z call+ myself a s*ol>1 ,i am oblig$ by ! duty ( my condition4 ,bless me 9 ?is life ) b ! peace ( my consci5ce2 comm& ( my affections ! love ( ,?yself & my de>e/ fri5ds2 & ,i %all be happy en\gh to pity ,caes>6 ,^! are1 ,o ,"l1 ! humble desires ( my mo/ reasonable ambition1 & all ,i d>e call happ9ess on e>?3 :]e9 ,i set no limit to ,?y h& or provid5ce2 dispose ( me accord+ to ! wisdom ( ,?y pleasure4 ,?y w be done1 ?\gh 9 my own undo+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,john ,,calv9 ,,in/itution ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,religion ,john ,calv9 0 born on ,july #aj1 #aeji1 at ,noyon1 9 ,pic>dy1 ,nor!rn ,france4 ,al?\gh ! ,calv9s1 8 ance/ors1 _h be5 b>gem5 on ! ,oise1 8 fa!r 0 not>y apo/olic1 procurator-fiscal ( ! c\nty1 cl]k ( ! *ur* c\rt1 & diocesan secret>y4 ,"y ,jean ,calv9 0 eight ye>s old :5 ,lu!r nail$ 8 !ses to ! door ( ! ca/le *ur* 9 ,witt5burg4 ,! new religion ga9+ v quickly a foot+ 9 ,france1 ! y\? became influ5c$ by x :5 /udy+ 9 ,p>is at ! ,college de la ,m>*e4 ,he held meet+s ) ,prote/ants 9 a cave at ,poiti]s4 ,8 precocity 0 rem>kable4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree he wrote 8 fir/ book1 a comm5t>y on ,s5eca's ,treatise on ,clem5cy4 ,at tw5ty-five he revis$ a translation ( ! ,fr5* ,bible4 ,at tw5ty-sev5 he publi%$ ! fir/ edition ( 8 mighty "w1 ,! ,in/itution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 a treatise :i* has be5 /yl$ "o ( ! l&m>ks ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,at tw5ty-eight ,calv9 0 ! =emo/ man 9 ,g5eva1 & 0 already "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable re=m]s 9 ! _w4 ,8 c>e] has r>ely be5 p>allel$4 ,calv9 di$ on ,may #bg1 #aefd4 ,i4--,,! ,,k ,,( ,,god ,,! ,,creator ,our wisdom consi/s almo/ exclusively ( two p>ts3 ! k ( ,god1 & ( ourselves4 ,b1 z ^! are connect$ toge!r by _m ties1 x is n easy to det]m9e :i* ( ! two prec$es1 & :i* gives bir? to ! o!rs4 ,our weakness1 ignorance1 & depravity rem9d u t 9 ! ,"l1 & 9 none b ,him only1 dwell ! two lights ( wisdom1 ( virtue1 & ( piety4 ,x is evid5t t man nev] atta9s to a true self-k until aft] he has contemplat$ ! face ( ,god1 & come d[n aft] su* contemplation to look into himself4 ,x is beyond dispute t !re exi/s 9 ! human m9d1 & inde$ by natural in/9ct1 "s s5se ( deity4 ,z ,cic]o1 ?\gh a pagan1 tells u1 !re is no nation s bruti% z n to be imbu$ ) ! conviction t !re is a ,god4 ,ev5 idolatry is an evid5ce ( ?is fact4 ,b1 ?\gh exp]i5ce tea*es t a se$ ( religion is div9ely s[n 9 all1 few *]i% x 9 ! he>t4 ,"s lose !mselves 9 sup]/iti\s obs]vances2 o!rs1 ( set purpose1 wick$ly revolt f ,god2 & _m ?9k ( ,god aga9/ _! w1 nev] approa*+ ,him )\t be+ dragg$ into ,8 pres5ce4 ,b s9ce ! p]fection ( bless$ness consi/s 9 ! k ( ,god1 ,he has be5 pleas$ n only to deposit 9 our m9ds ! se$ ( religion1 ( :i* we h already spok51 b s to manife/ ,8 p]fections 9 ! :ole /ructure ( ! univ]se1 & daily place ,himself 9 our view1 t we _c op5 our eyes )\t be+ compell$ to behold ,him4 ,8 ess5ce is1 inde$1 transc5d5t & incomp>able1 b on ea* ( ,8 works ,8 glory is engrav5 9 *>act]s s bright t none1 h[ev] dull & illit]ate1 c plead ignorance z an excuse4 ,h]e9 appe>s ! %ameful +ratitude ( m51 t1 ?\gh !y h 9 _! own p]sons a factory :]e c\ntless op]ations ( ,god are c>ri$ on1 in/ead ( prais+ ,him1 !y are ! m inflat$ ) pride4 ,h[ few are !re among u :o1 9 lift+ our eyes to ! heav5s1 or look+ abroad on ! e>?1 ev] ?9k ( ! ,creator6 ,9 va91 because ( our dulness1 does creation exhibit s _m bright lamps lit up to %[ =? ! glory ( its ,au?or4 ,!re=e1 ano!r & bett] help mu/ be giv5 to guide u prop]ly to ,god z our ,creator1 & ,he has add$ ! light ( ,8 ,^w 9 ord] to make kn[n ,8 salvation4 ,"h x seems prop] to make "s obs]vations on ! au?ority ( ,scripture4 ,no?+ c be m absurd ?an ! fiction t ! p[] ( judg+ ,scripture is 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* gives x ! /amp ( h] au?ority1 %e does n ?us make x au!ntic1 b %[s h] rev]5ce = x z ! tru? ( ,god by h] unhesitat+ ass5t4 ,scripture be>s1 on ! face ( x1 z cle> evid5ce ( its tru? z black & :ite d ( _! col\r1 sweet & bitt] ( _! ta/e4 ,x is prepo/]\s to attempt1 by discussion1 to re> up a full fai? 9 ,scripture4 ,^? :o are inw>dly taught by ! ,holy ,_s acquiesce 9 x implicitly1 = x c>ries ) x its own te/imony4 ,x is fooli% to attempt to prove to infidels t ! ,scripture is ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,= x _c be kn[n to be1 except by fai?4 ,ju/ly does ,augu/9e rem9d u t e man :o w\ld h any und]/&+ 9 su* high matt]s mu/ previ\sly possess piety & m5tal peace4 ,9 ord] to direct u to ! true ,god1 ! ,scripture excludes all ! gods ( ! hea!n4 ,?is exclusiv5ess annihilates e deity :i* m5 frame = !mselves1 ( _! own accord4 ,:5ce _h idols _! orig91 b f ! w ( man8 ,!re 0 ?us gr\nd = ! s>casm ( ! hea!n poet 7,horace1 ,satires1 ,i4#h74 ,i 0 once ! trunk ( a fig-tree1 a useless log1 :5 ! tradesman1 unc]ta9 :e!r he %\ld make me a /ool1 etc41 *ose r t ,i %\ld be a god4 ,9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( idols1 ! /atem5t ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom has be5 receiv$ ) almo/ univ]sal cons5t1 t !y orig9at$ ) ^? :o be/[$ ?is hon\r on ! dead1 f a sup]/iti\s reg>d to _! memory4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,grace ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,! ,,r$eem] ,?r\gh ! fall ( ,adam arose ! ne$ ( a ,r$eem]1 ! :ole human race hav+ by t ev5t be5 made accurs$ & deg5]ate4 ,man !reby became depriv$ ( fre$om ( w & mis]ably enslav$4 ,! dom9ion ( s91 ev] s9ce ! fir/ man 0 br\ght "u x1 n only ext5ds to ! :ole race1 b has complete possession ( e s\l4 ,free w does n enable any man to p]=m good works unless he is assi/$ by grace4 ,yet1 s9ce man is by nature a social be+1 he is dispos$1 f natural in/9ct1 to *]i% & pres]ve society2 &1 accord+ly1 we see t ! m9ds ( all m5 h impressions ( ord] & civil hone/y4 ,s t1 9 reg>d to ! con/itution ( ! pres5t life1 no man is devoid ( ! light ( reason4 ,& ?is gift ought ju/ly to be ascrib$ to ! div9e indulg5ce4 ,_h ,god n s sp>$ u1 our revolt w\ld h c>ri$ ) x ! entire de/ruction ( nature4 ,b to ! great tru?1 :at ,god is 9 ,himself1 & :at ,he is 9 relation to u1 human reason makes n ! lea/ approa*4 ,! natural man has no capacity = su* sublime wisdom z to appreh5d ,god1 unless illum9$ by ,8 ,_s1 & none c ent] ! k+dom ( ,god save ^? ^: m9ds h be5 r5ew$ by ! p[] ( ! _s4 ,x is c]ta9 t aft] ! fall ( our fir/ p>5t1 no k ( ,god )\t a ,m$iator 0 effectual to salvation4 ,h5ce x is t ,god nev] %[$ ,himself propiti\s to ,8 anci5t p1 nor gave !m any hope ( grace )\t a ,m$iator4 ,! prosp]\s & happy /ate ( ! ,*ur* 0 always f\nd$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,! prim>y adoption ( ! *os5 p dep5d$ on ! grace ( ! ,m$iator1 & ,*ri/ 0 always held =? to ! holy fa!rs "u ! law z ! object ( _! fai?4 ,x deeply conc]ns u t ,he :o 0 to become our ,m$iator %\ld be v ,god & v man4 ,! "w to be by ,him p]=m$ 0 ( no common description1 be+ to re/ore u to ! div9e fav\r s z to make u sons ( ,god & heirs ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,9 ,him ! div9ity 0 s conjo9$ ) ! humanity t ! entire prop]ties ( ea* nature rema9$ entire1 & yet ! two natures con/itute only "o ,*ri/4 ,ev]y?+ ne$ful = u exi/s 9 ,*ri/4 ,:5 we see t ! :ole sum ( our salvation1 & e s+le "p ( x1 are compreh5d$ 9 ,*ri/1 we mu/ bew>e ( d]iv+ ev5 ! m9ute/ "p ( x f any o!r qu>t]4 ,if we seek salvation1 we are taught by ! v "n ( ,jesus t ,he possesses x2 if we seek any o!r gifts ( ! ,_s1 we %all f9d !m 9 ,8 unction2 /r5g? 9 ,8 p]man5t gov]nm5t2 purity 9 ,8 conception2 indulg5ce 9 ,8 nativity1 9 :i* ,he 0 made l u 9 all respects1 9 ord] t ,he might le>n to sympa?ise ) u2 if we seek r$emption we %all f9d x 9 ,8 passion2 acquittal 9 ,8 condemnation2 remission ( ! curse 9 ,8 cross2 satisfaction 9 ,8 sacrifice2 purification 9 ,8 blood2 reconciliation 9 ,8 desc5t into hell2 mortification ( ! fle% 9 ,8 sepul*re2 newness ( life 9 ,8 resurrection2 immortality also 9 ,8 resurrection2 ! inh]itance ( a cele/ial k+dom 9 ,8 entrance into heav52 protection1 security1 & ! abundant supply ( all bless+s1 9 ,8 k+dom2 secure anticipation ( judgm5t 9 ! p[] ( judg+ committ$ to ,him4 ,9 f9e1 s9ce 9 ,him bless+s are treasur$ up1 let u draw a full supply f ,him1 & none f ano!r qu>t]4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,m]it ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,z ,,our ,,savi\r ,x may be prov$ bo? f reason & f ,scripture t ! grace ( ,god & ! m]it ( ,*ri/ 7! ,pr9ce & ,au?or ( our salvation7 are p]fectly compatible4 ,*ri/ is n only ! m9i/]1 b also ! cause ( our salvation1 & div9e grace is n obscur$ by ?is expression4 ,*ri/1 by ,8 ob$i5ce1 truly m]it$ ?is div9e grace = u1 :i* 0 obta9$ by ! %$d+ ( ,8 blood1 & ,8 ob$i5ce ev5 unto dea?1 :]eby ,he paid our ransom4 ,x is by ! secret op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s t we enjoy ,*ri/ & all ,8 b5efits4 ,9 ,*ri/ ! ,m$iator ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s are to be se5 9 all _! fulness4 ,z salvation is p]fect$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 s1 9 ord] to make u p>tak]s ( x1 ,he baptizes u ) ! ,holy ,_s & ) fire1 enlight5+ u into ! fai? ( ,8 ,gospel1 & s reg5]at+ u to be new creatures4 ,?us cleans$ f all pollution1 ,he d$icates u z holy temples to ! ,"l4 ,b "h x is prop] to consid] ! nature ( fai?4 ,! true k ( ,*ri/ consi/s 9 receiv+ ,him z ,he is (f]$ by ! ,fa!r1 namely1 z inve/$ ) ,8 ,gospel4 ,!re is an insep>able relation betwe5 fai? & ! ,^w1 & ^! c no m be disconnect$ f ea* o!r ?an rays ( light f ! sun4 ,john po9ts to ?is f\nta9 ( fai? ?us3 ,to-day1 if ye w he> ,8 voice1 to he> be+ uni=mly tak5 = to believe4 ,take away ! ,^w & no fai? w rema94 ,h5ce ,paul designates fai? z ! ob$i5ce :i* is giv5 to ! ,gospel4 ,! m]e ass5t ( ! intellect to ! ,^w is1 accord+ to "s1 ! fai? insi/$ on 9 ,scripture1 b ?is is a m]e fiction4 ,su* z ?us def9e fai? d n duly pond] ! say+ ( ,paul1 ,) ! he>t man believe? unto righte\sness4 ,ass5t itself is m a matt] ( ! he>t ?an ! head1 ( ! affection ?an ! intellect4 ,,iv4--,,( ,,rep5tance ,rep5tance foll[s fai? & is produc$ by x4 ,9 ! conv]sion ( ! life to ,god we require a trans=mation n only 9 ext]nal works1 b 9 ! s\l itself1 :i* is able only aft] x has put (f its old habits to br+ =? fruits con=mable to its r5ovation4 ,rep5tance proce$s f a s9c]e fe> ( ,god1 & x consi/s ( two p>ts1 ! mortification ( ! fle% & ! quick5+ ( ! _s4 ,bo? ( ^! we obta9 by union ) ,*ri/4 ,if we are p>tak]s 9 ,8 resurrection we are rais$ up by means ( x to newness ( life1 :i* con=ms u to ! righte\sness ( ,god4 ,9 "o ^w1 !n1 by rep5tance ,i und]/& reg5]ation1 ! only aim ( :i* is to =m u anew 9 ! image ( ,god1 :i* 0 sulli$ & all b effac$ by ! transgression ( ,adam4 ,! apo/le1 9 8 description ( rep5tance 7#b ,cor9?ians vii4 #b71 enum]ates sev5 causes1 effects1 or p>ts belong+ to x4 ,^! are c>efulness1 excuse1 indignation1 fe>1 desire1 zeal1 rev5ge4 ,i /op n to consid] :e!r ^! are causes or effects2 bo? views may be ma9ta9$4 ,! p5it5t w be c>eful n 9 future to (f5d ,god2 9 8 excuses he w tru/1 n to 8 own apologies1 b to ,*ri/'s int]cession2 8 indignation w be direct$ aga9/ 8 own iniquities2 8 fe> w be le/ he cause ,god displeasure2 8 desire is equival5t to alacrity 9 duty2 zeal w foll[2 & rev5ge w be practis$ 9 ! c5sure pass$ on 8 own s9s4 ,v4--,,( ,,ju/ification ,,by ,,fai? ,a man is said to be ju/ifi$ 9 ! sight ( ,god :51 9 ! judgm5t ( ,god1 he is deem$ righte\s1 & is accept$ on acc\nt ( 8 righte\sness4 ,s we int]pret ju/ification z ! acceptance ) :i* ,god receives u into ,8 fav\r z if we 7 righte\s2 & we say t ?is ju/ification consi/s 9 ! =giv5ess ( s9s & ! imputation ( ! righte\sness to ,*ri/4 ,s9ce _m imag9e a righte\sness comp\nd$ ( fai? & works1 let x be not$ t !re is s wide a diff]5ce betwe5 ju/ification by fai? & by works t "o necess>ily ov]?r[s ! o!r4 ,if we de/roy ! righte\sness by fai? by e/abli%+ our own righte\sness1 !n1 9 ord] to obta9 ,8 righte\sness1 our own mu/ be entirely ab&on$4 ,! ,gospel diff]s f ! law 9 ?is1 t x entirely places ju/ification 9 ! m]cy ( ,god & does n conf9e x to works4 ,x is entirely by ! int]v5tion ( ,*ri/'s righte\sness t we obta9 ju/ification be=e ,god4 ,! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty is f\nd$ on ?is ju/ification by fai?4 ,?is lib]ty consi/s ( ?ree p>ts4 ,fir/1 believ]s r5\nc+ ! righte\sness ( ! law look only to ,*ri/4 ,secondly1 ! consci5ce1 fre$ f ! yoke ( ! law1 volunt>ily obeys ! w ( ,god4 ,?is _c be done "u ! dom9ion ( ! law4 ,?irdly1 "u ! ,gospel we are free to use ?+s indiff]5t4 ,! consci5ces ( believ]s1 :ile seek+ ! assurance ( _! ju/ification be=e ,god1 mu/ rise above ! law1 & ?9k no m ( obta9+ ju/ification by x4 ,our consci5ces be+ free f ! yoke ( ! law itself1 volunt>ily obey ! w ( ,god4 ,,vi4--,,on ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,election ,ignorance ( ! doctr9e ( election & pr$e/9ation impairs ! glory ( ,god & fo/]s pride4 ,! cov5ant ( life is n prea*$ equally to all1 & among ^? to :om x is prea*$ does n always meet ) ! same reception4 ,! reason ( ?is discrim9ation belongs to ! secret ?+ ( ,god4 ,?is doctr9e is cavill$ at2 yet :5 we see "o nation pref]r$ to ano!r1 %all we plead aga9/ ,god = hav+ *os5 to give su* a manife/ation ( ,8 m]cy8 ,god has display$ ,8 grace 9 special =ms4 ,?us ( ! family ( ,abraham ,he reject$ "s1 & kept o!rs )9 ,8 ,*ur*1 %[+ t ,he reta9$ !m among ,8 sons4 ,al?\gh ! election ( ,god is secret1 x is made manife/ by effectual call+4 ,bo? election & effectual call+ are f\nd$ on ! free m]cy ( ,god ,call+ is prov$ to be accord+ to ! free grace ( ,god by ! decl>ations ( ,scripture1 by ! mode 9 :i* x is disp5s$1 by ! in/ance ( ,abraham's vocation1 by ! te/imony ( ,john1 & by ! example ( all ^? :o h be5 call$4 ,!re are two species ( call+4 ,!re is a univ]sal call by :i* ,god1 ?r\gh ! prea*+ ( ,8 ,^w1 invites all m5 alike4 ,besides ?is1 !re is a special call1 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ,god be/[s on believ]s only1 :5 by ! int]nal illum9ation ( ,8 ,_s he causes ! ,gospel to take deep root 9 _! he>ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,samuel ,,taylor ,,col]idge ,,aids ,,to ,,reflection ,?is fam\s book1 ( :i* ! full title is ,aids to ,reflection 9 ! ,=mation ( a ,manly ,"* on ! sev]al ,gr\nds ( ,prud5ce1 ,morality1 & ,religion1 0 publi%$ 9 #ahbe1 n9e ye>s be=e ! au?or's dea?4 ,its influ5ce on ?\ghtful m9ds 0 v great1 & _m ( ! fir/ div9es ( t p]iod ow$ to x _! pr(\nde/ religi\s ideas4 ,x has be5 said t ! fame ( ,col]idge 7see ,,lives ,,& ,,lett]s7 z a philosophic ?9k] is n s great z x 0 dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s imm$iately aft] 8 dea?2 b "o imag9es t ?is /atem5t m]ely means t n s _m p n[ read ,col]idge z did fifty ye>s ago4 ,! book1 at any rate1 has n yet be5 writt5 :i* exposes a fallacy 9 8 argum5t or demoli%es 8 sy/em4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?is poet & se>*+ ?9k]1 to :om m5 l ,wordswor? & ,haslitt li/5$ ) rev]5ce1 0 = "s "t 9 8 life a ,unit>ian1 & won to fai? 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ by ! use ( 8 reason4 ,i4--,,introductory ,,aphorisms ,x is ! mo/ useful pr]ogative ( g5ius to rescue tru?s f ! neglect caus$ by ! v circum/ance ( _! univ]sal admission4 ,tru?s1 ( all o!rs ! mo/ awful & int]e/+1 are too (t5 consid]$ z s true t !y lose ! p[] ( tru?1 & lie b$ridd5 9 ! dormitory ( ! s\l4 ,!re is "o sure way ( giv+ fre%ness & importance to ! mo/ commonplace maxims--t ( reflect+ on !m 9 direct ref]5ce to our own /ate & conduct1 to our own pa/ & future be+4 ,a reflect+ m9d1 says an anci5t writ]1 is ! spr+ & s\rce ( e good ?+4 ,z a man )\t =e?\ght sc>ce des]ves ! "n ( man1 s =e?\ght )\t reflection is b a metaphorical phrase = ! in/9ct ( a bea/4 ,9 ord] to le>n1 we mu/ att5d2 9 ord] to pr(it by :at we h le>nt1 we mu/ ?9k2 he only ?9ks :o reflects4 ,to assign a feel+ & a det]m9ation ( _! w z a satisfactory reason = embrac+ or reject+ an op9ion is ! habit ( _m educat$ p2 to me1 ?is seems little less irrational ?an to apply ! nose to a picture1 & to decide on its g5u95ess by ! s5se ( smell4 ,9 att5tion we keep ! m9d passive2 9 ?\ght we r\se x into activity4 ,an h\r ( solitude pass$ 9 s9c]e & e>ne/ pray]1 or ! conflict ) & conque/ ov] a s+le passion or subtle bosom s91 w tea* u m ( ?\ght1 w m effectually awak5 ! faculty1 & =m ! habit ( reflection1 ?an w a ye>'s /udy 9 ! s*ools )\t !m4 ,nev] yet did !re exi/ a full fai? 9 ! ,div9e ,^w :i* did n exp& ! intellect1 :ile x purifi$ ! he>t2 :i* did n multiply ! aims & objects ( ! und]/&+1 :ile x fix$ & simplifi$ ^? ( ! desires & passions4 ,give me und]/&+1 says ,david1 & ,i %all obs]ve ,?y laws ) my :ole he>t4 ,x is wor?y ( especial obs]vation t ! ,scriptures are di/+ui%$ f all o!r writ+s pret5d+ to inspiration1 by ! /rong & frequ5t recomm5dations ( k & a _s ( inquiry4 ,! ^w rational has be5 /rongly abus$ ( late times4 ,?is mu/ n1 h[ev]1 dis9cl9e u to ! weighty consid]ation t ?\ghtfulness & a desire to re/ all our convictions on gr\nds ( "r reason+1 are insep>able f ! "* ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,he :o beg9s by lov+ ,*ri/ianity bett] ?an tru? w proce$ by lov+ 8 own sect & *ur* bett] ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & end 9 lov+ himself be/ ( all4 ,,ii4--,,reflections ,,respect+ ,,morality ,s5sibility1 t is a con/itutional quickness1 ( sympa?y ) pa9 & pleasure1 is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! moral pr9ciple4 ,s5sibility is n ev5 a sure pl$ge ( a good he>t4 ,h[ _m are prompt$ to remove ^? evils alone1 :i* by hide\s spectacle or clamor\s outcry are pres5t to _! s5ses & di/urb _! selfi% enjoym5ts8 ,provid$ ! dunghill is n be=e _! p>l\r w9d[1 !y are well cont5t$ to "k t x exi/s1 & p]haps is ! hotb$ on :i* _! own luxuries are re>$4 ,s5sibility is n necess>ily b5evol5ce4 ,all ! evil ( ! mat]iali/s is inconsid]able besides ! mis*ief effect$ & occasion$ by ! s5tim5tal philosophy ( ,/]ne & 8 num]\s imitators4 ,! vile/ appetites & ! mo/ remorseless incon/ancy t[>ds _! objects1 acquir$ ! titles ( ! he>t1 ! irresi/ible feel+s1 ! too-t5d] s5sibility2 & if ! fro/s ( prud5ce1 ! icy *a9 ( human law1 ?aw$ & vani%$ at ! g5ial w>m? ( human nature1 :o c\ld help x8 ,x 0 an amiable weakness6 ,at ?is "t ! pr(anation ( ! ^w love rose to its height2 ! muse ( sci5ce condesc5d$ to seek admission at ! saloons ( fa%ion & frivolity1 r\g$ l a h>lot & ) ! h>lot's wanton le]4 ,i "k n h[ ! annals ( guilt c\ld be bett] =c$ into ! s]vice ( virtue ?an by su* a comm5t on ! pres5t p>agraph z w\ld be af=d$ by s5tim5tal correspond5ce produc$ 9 c\rts ( ju/ice1 fairly translat$ into ! true mean+ ( ! words1 & ! actual object & purpose ( ! infam\s writ]s4 ,d y 9 good e>ne/ aim at dignity ( "*8 ,i conjure y1 turn away f ^? :o live 9 ! twilight betwe5 vice & virtue4 ,are n reason1 discrim9ation1 law1 & delib]ate *oice ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( humanity8 ,c any?+ manly proce$ f ^? :o = law & light w\ld sub/itute %apeless feel+s1 s5tim5ts1 impulses1 :i*1 z f> z !y diff] f ! vital work+s 9 ! brute animals1 owe ! diff]5ce to _! =m] connection ) ! prop] virtues ( humanity8 ,rememb] t love itself1 9 its highe/ e>?ly be>+1 z ! gr\nd ( ! m>riage union1 becomes love by an inw>d fiat ( ! w1 by a complet+ & seal+ act ( moral election1 & lays claim to p]man5ce only "u ! =m ( duty4 ,all ?+s /rive to asc5d1 & asc5d 9 ! /riv+4 ,:ile y lab\r = any?+ bel[ y\r prop] humanity1 y seek a happy life 9 ! region ( dea?4 ,unless above himself he c ,erect himself1 h[ mean a ?+ is man6 ,,iii4--,,prud5tial ,,aphorisms ,) respect to any f9al aim or end1 ! great] "p ( mank9d live at haz>d4 ,!y h no c]ta9 h>b\r 9 view1 nor direct _! c\rse by any fix$ />4 ,b to him t kn[e? n ! port to :i* he is b\nd1 no w9d c be fav\rable2 nei!r c he :o has n yet det]m9$ at :at m>k he is to %oot1 direct 8 arr[ aright4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! less true t !re is a prop] object to aim at2 & if ?is object be meant by ! t]m happ9ess1 ! p]fection ( :i* consi/s 9 ! exclusion ( all hap i4e41 *ance1 ,i ass]t t !re is su* a ?+ z summum bonum1 or ultimate good4 ,:at ?is is1 ! ,bible alone %[s c]ta9ly1 & po9ts out ! way4 ,9 ,cic]o & ,plato1 says ,augu/9e1 ,i meet ) _m ?+s acutely said1 & ?+s t excite a c]ta9 w>m? ( emotion1 b 9 none ( !m d ,i f9d ^! words1 ',come unto ,me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/6' ,9 ! works ( ,*ri/ian & pagan morali/s1 x is decl>$ t virtue is ! only happ9ess ( ?is life4 ,y _c become bett]1 b y w become happi]2 y _c become worse )\t an increase ( mis]y4 ,few m5 are s reprobate z n to h "s lucid mom5ts1 & 9 su* mom5ts few c /& up un%ak5 aga9/ ! appeal ( _! own exp]i5ce4 ,:at h be5 ! wages ( s98 ,:at has ! devil done = y8 ,?\gh prud5ce 9 itself is nei!r virtue nor hol9ess1 yet )\t prud5ce nei!r virtue nor hol9ess c exi/4 ,art ?\ "u ! tyranny ( s91 a slave to vici\s habits1 at enmity ) ,god1 a fugitive f ?y own consci5ce8 ,oh1 h[ idle ! disputes :e!r ! li/5+ to ! dictates ( prud5ce f self-int]e/$ motives be virtue1 :5 ! n li/5+ is guilt1 mis]y1 madness1 & despair6 ,! mo/ ,*ri/ian-l pity ?\ can/ %[ is to take pity on ?y own s\l4 ,! be/ s]vice ?\ can/ r5d] is to %[ m]cy to ?yself4 ,,iv4--,,aphorisms ,,on ,,spiritual ,,religion ,if !re be aught spiritual 9 man1 ! w mu/ be su*4 ,if !re be a w1 !re mu/ be spirituality 9 man4 ,!re is m 9 man ?an c be rationally ref]r$ to ! life ( ,nature & ! me*anism ( organisation4 ,he has a w n includ$ 9 8 me*anism2 ! w is1 9 an especial s5se1 ! spiritual "p ( our humanity4 ,i assume a some?+1 ! pro( ( :i* no man c give to ano!r1 yet e man may f9d = himself4 ,if any man say t he _c f9d x1 ,i am b\nd to disbelieve him4 ,i _c d o!rwise )\t unsettl+ ! f\ndations ( my own moral nature4 ,if he w n f9d x1 he excommunicates himself1 =feits 8 p]sonal rights1 & becomes a ?+--i4e41 "o :o may be us$ aga9/ 8 w & )\t reg>d to 8 int]e/4 ,if ! mat]iali/ use ! words "r & obligation1 he does x deceptively1 & means only compulsion & p[]4 ,to ov]?r[ fai? 9 aught high] ?an nature & physical necessity is ! v purpose ( 8 argum5t4 ,b he _c be ignorant t ! be/ & greate/ ( m5 h devot$ _! lives to en=ce ! contr>y2 & !re is n a language 9 :i* he c\ld argue = t5 m9utes 9 support ( 8 s*eme )\t slid+ into phrases t imply ! contr>y4 ,! ,*ri/ian gr\nds 8 philosophy on ass]tions :i* h no?+ 9 !m ( !ory or hypo!sis2 !y are 9 imm$iate ref]5ce to ?ree ultimate facts--namely1 ! reality ( ! law ( consci5ce2 ! exi/5ce ( a responsible w z ! subject ( ! law2 & la/ly1 ! exi/5ce ( evil--( evil ess5tially su*1 n by accid5t ( circum/ances1 n d]iv$ f physical consequ5ces1 nor f any cause out ( itself4 ,! fir/ is a fact ( consci\sness1 ! second a fact ( reason necess>ily conclud$ f ! fir/1 & ! ?ird a fact ( hi/ory int]pret$ by bo?4 ,i ma9ta9 t a w conceiv$ sep>ately f intellig5ce is a non-entity1 & t a w ! /ate ( :i* does 9 no s5se orig9ate 9 its own act is a contradiction4 ,x might be an in/9ct1 an impulse1 &1 if accompani$ ) consci\sness1 a desire2 b a w x c\ld n be4 ,& ?is e human be+ kn[s ) equal cle>ness1 ?\gh diff]5t m9ds may reflect on x ) diff]5t degrees ( di/9ctness2 = :o w\ld n smile at ! notion ( a rose will+ to put =? its buds & exp& !m into fl[]s8 ,i deem x impi\s & absurd to hold t ! ,creator w\ld h giv5 u ! faculty ( reason1 or t ! ,r$eem] w\ld 9 s _m v>i$ =ms ( argum5t & p]suasion h appeal$ to x1 if x _h be5 useless or impot5t4 ,i believe t ! imp]fect human und]/&+ c be effectually ex]t$ only 9 subord9ation to1 & 9 a dep5d5t alliance )1 ! means & aidances suppli$ by ! supreme reason4 ,*ri/ianity is n a !ory1 or a speculation1 b a life4 ,n a philosophy ( life1 b life1 & a liv+ process4 ,x has be5 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s 9 exi/5ce4 ,! practical inquir] has 8 foot on ! rock :5 he kn[s t :oev] ne$s n a ,r$eem] is m ?an human4 ,remove f him ! difficulties t p]plex 8 belief 9 a crucifi$ ,savi\r1 conv9ce him ( ! reality ( s91 & !n satisfy him z to ! fact hi/orically1 & z to ! tru? spiritually1 ( a r$emption !refrom by ,*ri/4 ,d ?is = him1 & !re is little fe> t he w let ei!r logical quirks or metaphysical puzzles contrav5e ! pla9 dictate ( 8 commons5se1 t ! ,s9less ,"o t r$eem$ mank9d f s9 mu/ h be5 m ?an man1 & t ,he :o br\ght light & immortality into ! _w c\ld n 9 ,8 own nature h be5 an inh]itor ( dea? & d>kness4 ,a moral evil is an evil t has its orig9 9 a w4 ,an evil common to all mu/ h a gr\nd common to all4 ,n[1 ?is evil gr\nd _c orig9ate 9 ! ,div9e w2 x mu/1 !re=e1 be ref]r$ to ! w ( man4 ,& ?is evil gr\nd we call orig9al s94 ,x is a my/]y--t is1 a fact :i* we see1 b _c expla92 & ! doctr9e a tru? :i* we appreh5d1 b c nei!r compreh5d nor communicate4 ,! article on orig9al s9 is b9d+ on ! ,*ri/ian only z %[+ ! antec$5t gr\nd & occasion ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is ! edifice rais$ on ?is gr\nd4 ,! two great mom5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian religion are1 orig9al s9 & r$emption2 t ! gr\nd1 ?is ! sup]/ructure ( our fai?4 ,*ri/ianity & r$emption are equival5t t]ms4 ,! ag5t & p]sonal cause ( ! r$emption ( mank9d is--! co-et]nal ^w & only begott5 ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,! causation act is--a spiritual & transc5d5t my/]y1 t passe? all und]/&+4 ,! effect caus$ is--! be+ born anew1 z be=e 9 ! fle% to ! _w1 s n[ born 9 ! _s to ,*ri/4 ,n[1 albeit ! causative act is a transc5d5t my/]y1 ! fact1 or actual tru?1 ( x hav+ be5 assur$ to u by revelation1 x is n impossible1 by /eadfa/ m$itation on ! idea & sup]natural "* ( a p]sonal w1 = a m9d spiritually discipl9$ to satisfy itself t ! r$emptive act supposes an ag5t :o c at once act on ! w z an excit+ cause1 & 9 ! w1 z ! condition ( its pot5tial1 & ! gr\nd ( its actual1 be+4 ,! frequ5t1 n to say ord9>y1 disproportion betwe5 moral wor? & worldly prosp]ity has at all times l$ ! obs]vant & reflect+ few to a nic] consid]ation ( ! curr5t belief1 :e!r in/9ctive or traditional4 ,by =c+ ! s\l 9 ^u h]self1 ?is enigma ( sa9t & sage1 f ,job1 ,david1 & ,solomon to ,claudian & ,botius1 ?is p]plex+ disp>ity ( success & des]t1 has be5 ! occasion ( a /eadi] & m di/9ct consci\sness ( a some?+ 9 man1 diff]5t 9 k9d1 :i* di/+ui%es & contra-di/+ui%es him f animals--at ! same "t t x has br\ght into clos] view an enigma ( yet h>d] solution--! fact1 ,i mean1 ( a contradiction 9 ! human be+1 ( :i* no traces are obs]vable else:]e1 9 animat$ or inanimate nature4 ,a /ruggle ( j>r+ impulses2 a my/]i\s division betwe5 ! injunctions ( ! m9d & ! elections ( ! w2 & ! utt] incomm5surat5ess & ! unsatisfy+ qualities ( ! ?+s ar\nd u1 t yet are ! only objects :i* our s5ses discov] or our appetites require u to pursue2 ^! facts sugge/ t ! riddle ( =tune & circum/ance is b a =m ( ! riddle ( man1 & t ! solution ( bo? problems lies 9 ! ackn[l$gem5t t ! s\l ( man1 z ! subject ( m9d & w1 possesses a pr9ciple ( p]man5ce & is de/9$ to endure4 ,evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,i am we>y ( ! ^w4 ,make a man feel ! want ( x2 r\se him1 if y c1 to ! self-k ( 8 ne$ ( x2 & y may safely tru/ x to its own evid5ce--rememb]+ only ! express decl>ation ( ,*ri/ himself1 ,no man come? to ,me1 unless ! ,fa!r leade? him4 ,*ri/'s awful recall+ ( ! dr[s$ s\l f ! dreams & phantom _w ( s5suality to actual reality--h[ has x be5 evad$6 ,8 ^w1 t 0 _s6 ,8 my/]ies1 :i* ev5 ! apo/les mu/ wait = ! p>able 9 ord] to compreh5d6 ,^! spiritual ?+s1 :i* c only be spiritually disc]n$1 7--say "s--m]e metaphors6 ,figures ( spee*6 ,ori5tal hyp]boles6 ,all ?is means only morality6 ,ah6 h[ f> ne>] ! tru? to say t morality means all ?is6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,confucianism ,,! ,,lun ,,yu1 ,,or ,,say+s ,,( ,,confucius ,! s-call$ ,f\r ,books ( ,*9ese lit]ature are held 9 less e/eem ?an ! ,five ,k+s1 or ,prim>y ,classics1 b !y are /ill /udi$ fir/ by e ,*9aman z a prep>ation = :at is reg>d$ z ! high] & m important lit]ature4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! f\r ,%us1 z ^! books are call$1 tell u mu* m ab\t ! actual tea*+ & hi/ory ( ,confucius4 ,! f\r books are3 7i7 ,! ,lun ,yu1 or ! ,analects ( ,confucius1 :i* conta9 *iefly ! say+s & conv]sations ( ,confucius1 & give1 o/5sibly 9 8 own words1 8 tea*+1 &1 9 a subord9ate degree1 t ( 8 pr9cipal disciples2 7#b7 ! ,ta-,hsio1 or ,tea*+ = ,adults1 r5d]$ also ! ,great ,le>n+1 a treatise deal+ ) e?ical & especially ) political matt]s1 =m+ ,book #ci ( ! ,li-,ki1 or ,book ( ,rites1 ! ,f\r? ,classic1 7#c7 ! ,*ung ,yung1 or ,doctr9e ( ! ,mean1 m correctly ! ,/ate ( ,equilibrium or h>mony1 =m+ ,book #bh ( ! ,li-,ki2 & 7#d7 ,m5g-tse1 ,lat9is$ ,m5cius1 t is1 ! conv]sations & op9ions ( ,m5cius4 ,! fir/1 ! ,lun ,yu1 or ,analects1 is ! mo/ important ( ^!1 ! next 9 importance be+ ! tea*+ ( ,m5cius4 ,! book to :i* we are mo/ indebt$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! foll[+ epitomes is ,! ,*9ese ,classics1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,legge4 ,o!r books are ,! ,say+s ( ,confucius1 translat$ by ,s4,a4 ,lyall2 ,*9ese ,lit]ature1 by ,h4,a4 ,giles2 & ,! ,wisdom ( ,confucius1 by ,g4 ,dimsdale ,/ack]4 ,,introductory ,! orig9al ( ! ,*9ese title ( ! ,lun ,yu is lit]ally ,disc\rses & ,dialogues4 ,by ,legge & mo/ ,briti% ,*9ese s*ol>s ?is "w is call$ ,! ,confucian ,analects1 ! ^w analect d5ot+ ?+s *os51 9 ! pres5t case f ! utt]ances ( ! ma/]4 ,! ,lun ,yu is arrang$ 9 tw5ty *apt]s or books1 & gives1 o/5sibly 9 8 own words1 ! tea*+ ( ,confucius & t ( 8 lead+ disciples4 ,x is "h t we le>n ne>ly all t we "k ab\t ,confucius4 ,s9ce ! "w 0 compos$1 z we h x1 )9 a c5tury ( ! ma/]'s dea?1 !re seems good reason = believ+ t we h "h a bona-fide record ( :at he ?\ght & said4 ,we may comp>e ) ! ,lun ,yu ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels :i* pr(ess to give ! doctr9es & say+s ( ,jesus1 & also ! traditional utt]ances ( ,mohamm$ edit$ by ,al-,bokh>i1 :o di$ 9 #hgj ,a4,d4 ,! utt]ances :i* foll[ are by ! ma/] 7,confucius7 himself1 unless x is o!rwise /at$4 ,o!r speak]s are g5]ally disciples ( ,confucius4 ,,g5]al ,,maxims ,i c>e little :o makes a nation's laws if ,i h ! mak+ ( its ballads4 ,! "y *ild ought to be ob$i5t at home1 mode/ f home1 att5tive1 fai?ful1 full ( b5evol5ce1 sp5d+ sp>e "t mo/ly ^u poetry1 music1 & deportm5t4 ,a son ought to /udy 8 fa!r's wi%es z long z ! fa!r lives2 & aft] ! fa!r is dead he %\ld /udy 8 life1 & respect 8 memory4 ,a man :o is fond ( le>n+ is n a glutton1 nor is he indol5t2 he is e>ne/ & s9c]e 9 :at he says & does1 seeks ! company ( ! good1 & pr(its by x4 ,at fifte5 my :ole m9d 0 on /udy4 ,at ?irty ,i 0 able to /& alone4 ,at =ty my speculative d\bts came to an end4 ,at fifty ,i und]/ood ,heav5's laws4 ,at sixty my passions respond$ to high] in/9cts4 ,at sev5ty my bett] nature rul$ me altoge!r4 ,m]e /udy )\t ?\ght is useless1 b ?\ght )\t /udy is dang]\s4 ,f9e words & attractive appe>ances are seldom associat$ ) true goodness4 ,if a man keeps cultivat+ 8 old k & be ev] add+ to x new1 t man is fit to be a tea*] ( o!rs4 ,! sup]ior man is broad-m9d$1 & no p>tisan4 ,! mean man is bias$ & n>r[4 ,tze-*ang /udi$ ) a view to (ficial promotion4 ,! ma/] said1 ,?is is wrong1 add+1 ,?\ %\lde/ li/5 mu*1 keep sil5t :5 !re is d\bt1 & gu>d ?y tongue4 ,see mu*1 bew>e ( dang]s1 & walk w>ily4 ,!n %alt ?\ h little cause = rep5tance4 ,i d n "k h[ a man c get on )\t tru?4 ,x is easi] = a waggon to g )\t a cross-pole1 or a c>riage to be drawn )\t h>ness4 ,nei!r c\rtesy nor music avail a man if he has n virtue & love4 ,wor%ip ! dead z ?\gh !y /ood alive be=e y4 ,sacrifice to ! spirits z if !y 7 9 y\r imm$iate pres5ce4 ,if ,i am n p]sonally pres5t :5 ! sacrifice is be+ made1 !n ,i d n sacrifice4 ,!re c be no proxy 9 ?is matt]4 ,tze-kung want$ to d away ) ! (f]+ ( a %eep at ! new moon4 ,! ma/] said1 ,?\ love/ ! %eep1 b ,i love ! c]emony4 ,^! ?+s are n to be tol]at$3 ,rank )\t g5]osity1 ritual )\t rev]5ce1 & m\rn+ )\t g5u9e sorr[4 ,x is bett] to h virtue ) want & ignom9y1 ?an weal? & hon\r )\t virtue4 ,if a man 9 ! morn+ le>ns ! "r way ( life he may die at night )\t regret4 ,a s*ol>'s m9d %\ld be set on ! se>* = tru?1 & he %\ld n be a%am$ ( poor clo!s or ( pla9 or ev5 ( insuffici5t food4 ,! sup]ior man loves ! good & pursues x2 besides ?is1 he has no likes or dislikes4 ,! good man consid]s :at is "r2 ! bad man :at w pay4 ,z long z ?y p>5ts live ?\ mu/ n g f> f !m4 ,b if ?r\gh necessity ?\ leave/ !m1 let !m "k :]e ?\ art1 & be ready to come to !m :5 ne$$4 ,! man :o gov]ns himself1 re/ra9+ 8 passions1 seldom goes wrong4 ,! good man desires to be sl[ ( spee*1 b active 9 conduct4 ,virtue /&s nev] alone4 ,x w always make neighb\rs4 ,9 my fir/ deal+s ) m5 ,i li/5$ to _! words1 & gave !m cr$it = good conduct4 ,exp]i5ce has taught me n to li/5 to _! words b to wat* _! conduct4 ,x 0 f ,yu t ,i le>n$ ?is lesson4 ,i h met no man ( /rong & unb5d+ w2 ev5 ,*ang is passionate4 ,on be+ ask$ :y ,kung-wan 0 said to be cultur$1 ! ma/] repli$1 ,because he 0 quick to le>n1 fond ( le>n+1 & especially because he 0 n a%am$ to ask que/ions ( ^? bel[ him4 ,( ,tze-*ang ! ma/] said t he _h f\r *>act]i/ics ( ! g5tleman3 he 0 humble 9 8 own life1 respectful t[>ds s5iors1 g5]\s 9 supply+ ! ne$s ( ! p1 & j 9 all 8 dem&s ( !m4 ,y5 ,yuan & ,*i ,lu 7 once sitt+ by ! ma/]1 :o turn$ to !m & said1 ,come1 ,i want ea* ( y to tell me 8 wi%es4 ,*i ,lu said1 ,i %\ld l to h c>riages & horses & light fur robes to %>e ) my fri5ds t !y1 & ,i1 may c>elessly we> !m out4 ,y5 ,yuan said1 ,my wi% is to make no boa/ ( moral or intellectual excell5ce4 ,! ma/] said1 ,my wi% is ?is3 to make ! ag$ happy1 to %[ s9c]ity t[>ds fri5ds1 & to treat "y p ) t5d]ness & sympa?y4 ,nature prepond]at+ ov] art begets co>s5ess2 art prepond]at+ ov] nature begets p$antry2 art & nature unit$ make a prop] g5tleman4 ,to m5 ^: tal5ts are above m$iocrity we speak ( sup]ior ?+s4 ,to m5 ^: tal5ts are bel[ ! common we mu/ speak ?+s suit$ to _! culture4 ,on be+ ask$1 ,:at is wisdom1 ! ma/] repli$1 ,to promote "r ?\ghts & feel+s among m52 to hon\r ! spirits ( ! dead4 ,9 reply to ! "q1 ,:at is love8 ! ma/] answ]$1 ,mak+ mo/ ( self-sacrific+ ef=ts b ( success only 9 a subord9ate degree4 ,p]fect virtue consi/s 9 keep+ to ! ,gold5 ,mean4 ,he :o has (f5d$ aga9/ ,heav5 has no "o to :om he c pray4 ,m5 %\ld n murmur aga9/ ,heav51 = all t ,heav5 does is good4 ,! ma/] paid great att5tion to ?ree ?+s--piety1 peace1 & heal?4 ,if ,i h co>se rice to eat & pure wat] to dr9k1 & my b5t arm = a pill[1 ,i am cont5t & happy4 ,b ill-gott5 ri*es & hon\r are to me z a float+ cl\d4 ,if my life c\ld be l5g!n$ out by a few ye>s1 ,i w\ld devote at lea/ fifty ye>s to ! /udy ( ! ,yi ,k+ ,book ( ,*anges1 !n might ,i be purifi$ f my s94 ,,on ,,poetry1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,& ,,propriety ,! ma/] con/antly talk$ ab\t poetry1 hi/ory1 & ! rules ( propriety4 ,tze-lu1 on be+ ask$ ab\t ,confucius1 gave no answ]4 ,! ma/] ask$ ab\t be+ pres5t1 said1 ,:y did/ ?\ n say to him1 ',confucius is a man s eag] 9 ! pursuit ( k t he =gets 8 food1 s jubilant 9 its atta9m5t t he =gets 8 grief & gr[s old )\t kn[+ x'8 ,i 0 n born 9 ! possession ( k1 b ,i am fond ( ! pa/ & /udy x closely1 & h5ce k is com+ to me4 ,my pupils1 d n ?9k t ,i hide any?+ f y4 ,:atev] ,i ?9k & d ,i tell y frankly & truly4 ,i keep no secrets f my disciples4 ,! ma/] us$ to tea* f\r ?+s3 culture1 morals1 & mann]s1 piety1 & fai?fulness4 ,9 k & 9 culture ,i am p]haps ! equal ( o!r m54 ,i h n yet atta9$ to p]fection1 nor are my k & liv+ consi/5t4 ,! ma/] once be+ v ill1 ,tze-lu ask$ p]mission to pray = him4 ,! ma/] ask$1 ,is t cu/om>y8 ,x is1 repli$ ! disciple1 = ! memorials h x1 ',pray to ! spirits 9 heav5 above & on e>? bel[4' ,! ma/] repli$1 ,i h = long pray$ = myself1 & t is be/4 ,! ma/] 0 dignifi$1 yet g5tle4 ,he 0 maje/ic1 b inspir$ no fe>4 ,he 0 g5tlemanly1 b always at ease4 ,poetry r\ses ! m9d1 ! rules ( propriety e/abli% ! "*1 music cr[ns a man's education4 ,x w\ld be h>d to meet a man :o has /udi$ = ?ree ye>s )\t le>n+ some?+ good4 ,le>n z ?\gh y felt y c\ld nev] le>n en\gh1 & z ?\gh y fe>$ y c\ld n le>n 9 y\r %ort life :at is ne$ful = conduct4 ,a man f a c]ta9 village once said1 ,confucius is1 no d\bt1 a v le>n$ man1 b he has n made himself a "n 9 any special ?+4 ,:5 ! ma/] he>d ?is1 he said to 8 disciples1 ,:at %all ,i und]take3 *>iote]+1 ar*]y1 or :at8 ,i ?9k ,i %all become a *>iote]1 & ?us get me a "n4 ,a high (fic] ask$ ,tze-kung1 ,may we n say t ! ma/] is a sage because he c d s _m ?+s8 ,to :i* ,tze-kung repli$1 ,heav5 has inde$ highly end[$ him1 & he is almo/ a sage2 & he is v _m-sid$4 ,on he>+ ?is ! ma/] said1 ,does ! (fic] "k me8 ,be+ ( l[ly bir? :5 ,i 0 "y1 ,i le>nt _m a trade1 b !re 0 no?+ great 9 t4 ,! sup]ior man may excel 9 "o ?+ only1 & n 9 _m ?+s4 ,wi%+ to g & live among ! n9e wild tribes ( ! ,ea/1 "o ( 8 fri5ds remon/rat$ ) ! ma/] & said1 ,!y are l[4 ,h[ c y g & live among !m8 ,to :i* he gave = answ]1 ,no?+ t is l[ c survive :]e ! virtu\s & ! good-mann]$ man is4 ,aft] ,i return$ f ,wei to ,lu ,i f\nd ! music _h be5 re=m$1 & t ea* song 0 giv5 its prop] place4 ,! ma/] said1 ,to s]ve m9i/]s & nobles :5 abroad1 fa!rs & eld] bro!rs :5 at home1 to avoid neglect 9 (f]+s ( ! dead1 & to be no slave to w9e3 to :i* ( ^! h ,i atta9$8 ,,confucius ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,at ,,c\rt ,9 8 own village ,confucius look$ homely & s9c]e1 z if he _h no ^w to say2 b 9 ! ance/ral temple & 9 ! c\rt he 0 full ( words1 ?\gh c>eful 9 us+ !m4 ,:5 wait+ at c\rt he talk$ ) ! l[] (fic]s frankly1 b to ! high] (fic]s m bl&ly & precisely4 ,:5 ! sov]eign 0 pres5t he us$ to be respectful b easy1 solemn yet self-possess$4 ,:5 ! sov]eign bade him receive visitors 8 c\nt5ance *ang$1 & 8 legs appe>$ to b5d4 ,b[+ to ^? beside him1 he /raight5$ 8 robes 9 front & beh9d1 ha/5+ =w>d ) 8 elb[s ext5d$ l a bird's w+s4 ,:5 ! gue/ _h retir$ he us$ to report to ! pr9ce1 say+1 ,! gue/ does n any m look back4 ,:5 he ent]$ ! palace gate he seem$ to /oop z ?\gh x 7 n high en\gh = him4 ,asc5d+ ! dais1 lift+ up 8 robes ) bo? h&s1 he held 8 brea? z if he w\ld cease brea?+4 ,z he came d[n 8 face relax$ aft] ! fir/ /ep1 & look$ m at ease4 ,at ! bottom ( ! /eps he w\ld hurry on1 spread+ out 8 elb[s l w+s1 & on ga9+ 8 seat he w\ld sit int5t z previ\sly4 ,he 0 nev] array$ 9 deep purple or 9 puce-col\r$ g>m5ts4 ,ev5 at home he wore no?+ ( a r$ or r$di% col\r4 ,9 hot wea!r he us$ to we> a s+le g>m5t ( f9e texture1 b always ov] an inn] g>m5t4 ,ov] lambs' fur he wore a g>m5t ( black1 ov] fawns' fur "o ( :ite1 & ov] foxes' fur "o ( yell[4 ,8 sleep+-dress 0 half z long aga9 z 8 body4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! mon? he always w5t to c\rt 9 c\rt robes4 ,on fa/ days he wore pale-hu$ g>m5ts1 *ang$ 8 food1 & made a *ange 9 8 ap>tm5t4 ,he lik$ to h 8 rice c>efully clean$ & 8 m9c$ meat *opp$ small4 ,he did n eat rice t _h be5 injur$ by heat or damp or t _h turn$ s\r1 nor c\ld he eat fi% or meat :i* _h gone4 ,he did n eat any?+ t 0 discol\r$ or t _h a bad flav\r1 or t 0 n 9 season4 ,he w\ld n eat meat badly cut1 or t 0 s]v$ ) ! wrong sauce4 ,no *oice ( meats c\ld induce him to eat m ?an he ?\ght "r4 ,aft] sacrific+ at ! ance/ral temple he w\ld nev] keep ! meat !re ov]night1 nor w\ld he keep x m ?an ?ree days at home4 ,if by any mi%ap x 7 kept long]1 x 0 n eat54 ,he nev] talk$ at meals1 nor w\ld he speak a ^w 9 b$4 ,?\gh !re 7 on ! table no?+ b co>se rice & vegetable s\p1 he w\ld always rev]5tly (f] "s ( x to 8 ance/ors4 ,if 8 mat 0 n /raight he w\ld n sit on x4 ,,on ,,le>n+ ,,& ,,virtue ,*ung-kung ask$ ab\t virtue4 ,! ma/] said3 ,x consi/s 9 ^! ?+s3 ,to treat ^? outside ?9e own home z if ?\ w]t welcom+ a great gue/2 to treat ! p z if ?\ w]t assi/+ at a high sacrifice2 n to d to o!rs :at ?\ w\lde/ n h !m d to !e2 to enc\rage no wrongs 9 ! /ate nor any 9 ! home4 ,! ma/] be+ once ask$ ,:o is ! virtu\s man8 answ]$1 ,"o t has nei!r anxiety nor fe>1 = he f9ds no evil 9 8 he>t4 ,:at1 !n1 is !re to cause anxiety or fe>8 ,! ma/]1 on be+ once ask$ by "o ( 8 disciples ,on :at does ! art ( gov]nm5t dep5d8 answ]$1 ,suffici5t food1 troops1 & a loyal p4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! same disciple ask$1 "o ( !m _h to be disp5s$ )1 :i* ( ! ?ree c\ld we be/ sp>e8 ,troops1 said ! ma/]4 ,& :i*1 ! disciple !n ask$1 ( ! o!r two c\ld be bett] sp>$8 ,food1 said ! ma/]4 ,tze-*ang ask$ ! ma/]1 ,:5 may a s*ol> or an (fic] be call$ em95t8 ,! ma/] ask$1 ,:at do/ ?\ mean by be+ em95t8 ,to :i* ! o!r answ]$1 ,to be fam\s ?r\gh\t ! /ate & ?r\gh\t 8 clan4 ,b t1 said ! ma/]1 is fame1 n em95ce4 ,! truly em95t man is g5u9e & /raight=w>d2 he loves righte\sness1 weighs p's words1 & looks at _! c\nt5ances4 ,he humbles himself to o!rs1 & is s9c]ely desir\s ( help+ all4 ,t is !1 em95t man1 ?\gh he may n be a fam\s "o4 ,if a rul] c gov]n himself1 he is likely to be able to gov]n 8 p4 ,b h[ c a man :o has n control ( himself keep 8 p 9 subjection8 ,tze-kung ask$1 ,is x prop] t a man %\ld be lik$ by all 8 neighb\rs8 ,c]ta9ly n1 said ! ma/]4 ,is x !n prop]1 ask$ ! same1 t a man %\ld be hat$ by all 8 neighb\rs8 ,decid$ly n1 said ! ma/]4 ,! good man is lov$ by 8 good neighb\rs1 & hat$ by 8 bad ones4 ,! virtu\s man is h>d to satisfy1 b easy to s]ve4 ,no?+ t ?\ doe/ to please him satisfies him unless x is /rictly accord+ to "r4 ,b 9 all 8 dem&s ^u 8 s]vants he expects accord+ to capacity1 & is satisfi$ if ! s]vant does 8 be/1 ?\gh x be little4 ,! bad man is easy to satisfy1 b h>d to s]ve4 ,he is satisfi$ ) :atev] pleases him1 ?\gh x be n "r2 & he dem&s ( 8 s]vants :atev] he requires1 mak+ no all[ance = capacity4 ,a s*ol> ^: m9d is set ^u com=t is n wor?y ( ! "n4 ,:]e !re's a w1 said ! ma/]1 !re's a way4 ,to refra9 f speak+ to a man :o is dispos$ to he> is to wrong ! man2 to speak to a man n dispos$ to li/5 is to wa/e words4 ,h[ c "o 9 brief express man's :ole duty8 ,is n reciprocity su* a ^w8 said ! ma/]2 t is1 :at ?\ do/ n want o!rs to d to !e1 d ?\ n to o!rs4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s :i* ! virtu\s man has to gu>d aga9/4 ,9 y\?1 lu/2 9 full manhood1 /rife2 & 9 old age1 covet\sness4 ,! highe/ class ( m5 are ^? :o are born wise2 ! next ^? :o become wise by /udy2 next & ?ird1 ^? :o le>n mu*1 )\t hav+ mu* natural ability4 ,! l[e/ class ( p are ^? :o h nei!r natural ability nor p]sev]ance4 ,m5 are v simil> at bir?2 x is aft]w>ds ! great diff]5ces arise4 ,x is only ! wise/ & ! sillie/ ( m5 :o nev] alt] _! op9ions4 ,my *ildr51 said ! ma/] once to 8 disciples1 ,:y d y n /udy ! ,book ( ,poetry ! ,%ih ,k+8 ,x w\ld /imulate y\r m9d1 enc\rage introspection1 tea* y to love y\r fell[s1 & to =be> ) all4 ,x w\ld %[ y y\r duty to y\r fa!rs & y\r k+2 & y w\ld also le>n f x ! names ( _m birds & bea/s & plants & trees4 ,,ta-,,hsio1 ,,or ,,tea*+ ,,= ,,adults ,,introductory ,! ,ta-,hsio1 or ,tea*+ = ,adults1 r5d]$ also ,! ,great ,le>n+1 is really a treatise deal+ ) e?ical1 & especially ) political1 matt]s1 ! duties ( rul]s1 m9i/]s1 etc4 ,x is usually ascrib$ 9 "p to ! ma/] himself1 & 9 "p to ,ts5g ,tsan1 "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( 8 disciples4 ,?is =ms ,book #ci ( ! ,li ,ki1 or ,book ( ,rites1 & x is admitt$ by ! be/ s*ol>s to be a g5u9e specim5 ( ! tea*+ ( ,confucius1 ?\gh no "o believes t ! ma/] is ! au?or ( ! book z x n[ /&s4 ,! likelie/ sugge/ion z to au?or%ip is t :i* ascribes ! pres5t treatise1 & also ! ,*ung ,yung 7,no4 #bh ( ! ,li ,ki7 to ,khung ,*i1 ! gr&son ( ,confucius4 ,! great ,*9ese philosoph] ,*ang said ( ?is book3 ',! tea*+ = ,adults' is a book belong+ to ! ,confucian s*ool1 =m+ ! gate ?r\gh :i* y\?ful /ud5ts ent] ! great temple ( virtue4 ,we %\ld n h be5 able to asc]ta9 ! me?ods ( le>n+ pursu$ by ! anci5ts if ?is book & ! works ( ,m5cius _h n be5 pres]v$4 ,beg9n]s ought to />t _! /udies ) ?is book1 & !n pass on to ! h>d] books1 aft] :i* ! ,five ,classics %\ld be read & pond]$ ov]4 ,! object ( ! ,ta-,hsio is to illu/rate out/&+ virtue1 to promote love ( ! p & _! improvem5t 9 morals & mann]s4 ,9 ord] t ^! results may be obta9$1 ?is treatise mu/ be pati5tly calmly1 & ?\ghtfully /udi$4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,empire ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,improv$ ,! anci5ts1 wi%+ to make _! empire p]fect1 fir/ endeav\r$ to make _! /ates p]fect4 ,= ?is la/ purpose !y ex]t$ !mselves to improve _! fam9es1 & to ?is end !y took great pa9s to improve _! p]sonal "*4 ,9 ord] to improve _! p]sonal "*1 !y endeav\r$ to purify _! he>ts & to make _! ?\ghts s9c]e4 ,f ! ,son ( ,heav5 ! ,emp]or to ! masses ( ! p1 ! cultivation ( p]sonal "* 0 reg>d$ z ! root ( all amelioration4 ,to "k ?is has be5 call$ kn[+ ! root1 :i* is ! p]fection ( k4 ,on ,?ang's ba?+-tub ^! words 7 inscrib$3 ,r5ovate ?yself day by day1 yea1 e day r5ovate ?yself4 ,at ! op5+ ( 8 reign1 ,?ang 0 exhort$ to r5ovate 8 p4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,poetry x is said t al?\gh ,kau 0 an anci5t /ate1 yet x reg>d$ ,heav5's comm&s z ev] new4 ,9 ! same book we read t ! ?\ghts ( ! ,emp]or ,wan 7 deep1 & 8 conduct firm4 ,9 all 8 relation%ips he 0 rev]5t & true4 ,z a sov]eign he 0 b5evol5t2 z a m9i/] respectful2 z a son he exhibit$ filial piety2 z a fa!r he 0 k9d & consid]ate2 t[>ds 8 subjects he 0 /eadfa/ly fai?ful4 ,?is virtu\s & accompli%$ sov]eign1 ,wan1 took great pa9s to %>p5 8 intellect & to make 8 he>t m s5sitive to all obligations4 ,h[ maje/ic1 h[ glori\s 0 he2 he %all ev] be rememb]$ by 8 grateful p at ! ance/ral %r9e4 ,! cultivation ( p]sonal "* dep5ds ^u ! regulation ( ! m9d4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,if a man's passions are n kept "u control1 he w =m wrong judgm5ts ab\t actions & nev] h a well-balanc$ m9d4 ,!re=e mu/ man regulate 8 m9d 9 ord] to cultivate himself4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! family dep5ds ^u ! cultivation ( p]sonal "*4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,:]e !re is affection1 judgm5t is di/ort$4 ,we see ! good qualities ( ^? we love1 b are bl9d to ! bad ones4 ,we see ! bad qualities ( ^? we hate1 b are bl9d to ! good ones4 ,9 ord] to be able to gov]n a family rightly1 we mu/ tra9 our m9ds to judge fairly & imp>tially ( ^? ne>e/ to u--i4e41 x requires c>eful self-tra9+ to be able to tra9 a family4 ,we mu/ be able to gov]n ! family be=e we c rule a /ate4 ,:at means ?is8 ,if a man fails to tea* ! memb]s ( 8 own family to be ob$i5t & loyal to _! head1 h[ c he tra9 a nation to be unit$1 ob$i5t1 & loyal8 ,yas & ,%un rul$ ) love1 & ! p became lov+4 ,kieh & ,kau rul$ ) viol5ce1 & ! p became viol5t4 ,! sov]eign mu/ h & exhibit ! same qualities t he wi%es 8 subjects to cultivate4 ,nor has he ! "r to expect 8 p to be free f bad qualities :i* are 9 himself4 ,! rul] mu/ himself be :at he wants 8 p to be4 ,?us x is t ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate re/s ^u ! prop] gov]nm5t ( ! family4 ,t ! empire %\ld h peace & prosp]ity dep5ds ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! con/itut+ /ates4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,:5 rul] & m9i/]s treat _! ag$ ones z !y ought to1 ! inhabitants 9 g5]al become filial4 ,simil>ly1 ! inhabitants le>n to %[ respect t[>ds _! s5iors & sympa?y t[>ds ! "y :5 _! sup]iors set !m ! "r example 9 ^! matt]s4 ,no man %\ld treat 8 inf]iors z he w\ld n l 8 sup]iors to treat him4 ,:at he disapproves ( 9 8 inf]iors1 let him n exhibit 9 8 deal+s t[>ds 8 sup]iors4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,poetry x is writt51 ,! p>5ts ( ! p are mu* to be congratulat$4 ,a sov]eign ^: loves & hates correspond ) ^? ( 8 p is 8 p's fa!r4 ,to ga9 ! p is to ga9 ! /ate2 !re=e a rul]'s prim>y conc]n %\ld be 8 own integrity1 = !reby he w9s 8 p's loyalty1 & ?r\gh t loyalty he obta9s ! /ate1 & !re) ! weal? ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,virtue is ! root1 weal? b ! bran*es4 ,see fir/1 !re=e1 to ! root4 ,9 ! ,records ( ,khu "o reads1 ,! ,/ate ( ,khu values m51 n gems nor robes4 ,a c\ntry is weal?y if x consumes less ?an x produces1 & t man is ri* ^: income exce$s 8 exp5diture4 ,! virtu\s rul] ga!rs weal? on acc\nt ( ! reputation x c br+ him4 ,! wick$ rul] seeks weal? = its own sake1 sacrific+ ev5 virtue to obta9 x4 ,a b5evol5t sov]eign makes a j p4 ,:5 ! p are j ! affairs ( ! sov]eign prosp]4 ,! /ate's prosp]ity consi/s 9 righte\sness1 n 9 ri*es4 ,,*ung ,,yung1 ,,or ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,mean ,,introductory ,! ,*ung ,yung is m correctly r5d]$ ,! /ate ( equilibrium & h>mony 7,legge1 etc47 ?an by ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,mean1 its usual appellation4 ,o!r titles sugge/$ h be5 ,! ,j ,mean1 ,! ,true ,mean1 ,! ,gold5 ,mean1 & ,! ,con/ant ,mean4 ,! ^w *ung means middle1 yung d5ot+ c\rse or way4 ,h5ce1 ,*ung ,yung means lit]ally1 ,! middle way4 ,comp>e ,ari/otle's doctr9e ( ,! ,mean 7,e?ics ,book ,,ii474 ,?is treatise occurs z ,book #bh ( ! ,li-,ki & by ,*9ese s*ol>s has be5 decl>$ to be ! mo/ valuable "p ( ! ,book ( ,rites4 ,we h "h ! fulle/ acc\nt exi/+ ( ! philosophy & e?ics ( ! ma/]4 ,ap>t f its value z su*1 ! ,*ung ,yung is exce$+ly int]e/+ z a monum5t ( ! tea*+ ( ! anci5t ,*9ese4 ,9 its exi/+ =m ! ,*ung ,yung is arrang$ 9 five divisions1 conta9+1 9 all1 ?irty-?ree *apt]s4 ,no attempt is made 9 ! epitomes t foll[ to reta9 ^! divisions & *apt]s4 ,= ! au?or%ip & date ( ?is ?ird book see :at is said 9 ! introduction to ! ,ta-,hsio4 ,,! ,,good ,,man',s ,,pa? ,! s5se ( obligation has be5 implant$ 9 man by ,heav54 ,! pa? ( duty is a life 9 accordance ) ?is heav5-implant$ intuition4 ,e man ought always to tread ?is pa?2 ! true doctr9e tea*es h[ ?is is to be accompli%$4 ,! good man w ev] be on 8 gu>d le/ he dep>t a hair's bread? f ! "r way4 ,! m5tal /ate ( equilibrium is rea*$ :5 a man is free f ! di/ract+ influ5ces ( ang] & goodwill1 joy & sorr[4 ,:5 ^! emotions exi/ 9 due proportion & ext5t ! /ate ( h>mony is atta9$4 ,f ! fir/ proce$ all great human ent]prises4 ,! /ate ( h>mony is ! pa? along :i* all good m5 w g4 ,:5 ! /ates ( equilibrium & h>mony exi/ 9 _! fulness gods & m5 receive _! dues1 & !re is prosp]ity & happ9ess4 ,kung-ni#h said1 ,! virtu\s man embodies 9 himself ! /ates ( equilibrium & h>mony1 b ! l[ man kn[s nei!r ( ^! /ates4 ,?is p]fect condition ( human "* 9 :i* !re is complete equilibrium & h>mony is rea*$ b by few4 ,:y is ?is s8 ,x is because ^? :o are wise consid] ^! ideal /ates too commonplace1 & !y aim at ?+s :i* ! _w values m highly4 ,! l[ man1 on ! o!r h&1 grovels 9 ! du/ & nev] rises to high] ?\ghts or nobl] aims4 ,m5 c\ld1 if !y w\ld1 di/+ui% ! wor?y f ! unwor?y1 j z ) a heal?y palate !y c tell good food f bad4 ,b m5's moral disc]nm5t has be5 blunt$ by a life ( s5suality & s91 j z ! physical palate loses its p[] ( ta/+ :5 9 a diseas$ condition4 ,9 ord] to f9d out ! ,mean1 our ,fa!r ,%un1 ( bless$ memory1 us$ to "q ! p#i & /udy _! answ]s1 ev5 ! %all[ ones4 ,he us$ to enc\rage !m to speak out by seem+ to value ! poore/ answ]s4 ,he w\ld take ! extreme/ say+s he he>d1 & f !m d$uce ! ,mean4 ,x is h>d to keep 9 ! middle way3 m5 rule k+doms & accept hon\rs & emolum5ts :o h yet signally fail$ to gov]n !mselves by ! rules ( ! ,mean4 ,! good man's ambition is n to p]=m feats :i* />tle ! _w & give him fame1 b r to live ! life ( ! mod]ate & h>moni\s "o2 yet h[ (t5 = lack ( true disc]nm5t he fails6 ,?is middle pa? is n1 h[ev]1 hidd5 f ! s9c]e & pure2 ev5 common m5 & wom5 may "k x1 ?\gh 9 its highe/ rea*es x baffles ! wise/4 ,! greate/ & ! wise/ & ! be/ f9d lodg$ )9 !m unrealis$ ideals4 ,:oev] /r5u\sly aims at realis+ ^! ideals1 ?\gh he fails1 is ne> ! "r pa?4 ,! good man has f\r difficulties1 said ! ma/]1 & ,i h n myself be5 able to ov]come !m4 7#a7 ,to s]ve my fa!r z ,i %\ld l my son to s]ve me4 7#b7 ,to s]ve my rul] z ,i %\ld l him to s]ve me 7 ,i 8 rul]4 7#c7 ,to s]ve an eld] bro!r z ,i %\ld l him to s]ve me 7 he my y\ng] bro!r4 7#d7 ,to act t[>ds a fri5d z ,i %\ld l him to act t[>ds me 7 our relations rev]s$4#aj ,! good man suits 8 conduct to 8 /ation 9 life4 ,if he has weal? & high (fice he acts becom+ly1 nev] treat+ 8 inf]iors ) h>%ness or contempt4 ,if he be poor & unrecognis$1 he nev] murmurs aga9/ heav51 or p9es ov] 8 lot1 or cr+es be=e sup]iors1 or does any?+ immoral = applause or ga94 ,! virtu\s man accepts heav5's allotm5ts ?ankfully & uncompla9+ly4 ,9 ord] to atta9 to ! middle pa? we mu/ c>efully p]=m ! duties :i* lie ne>e/ to u1 n wait+ to d great ?+s4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,poetry we read ( ! love ( wife1 ( *ildr51 & bro!rs4 ,cultivate ?is love on ! home he>?1 & ?y *>ity w exp& & take 9 mank9d4 ,note h[ *>ity1 ?\gh beg9n+ at home1 travels f> afield4 ,%un display$ 8 filial piety on a huge scale1 & br\ght great hon\r to 8 p>5ts & to himself4 ,no wond] t su* filial piety z 8 0 rew>d$ ) dom9ion1 weal?1 & fame4 ,x is well said 9 ! ,book ( ,poetry1 ,! good man receives ,heav5's b5$iction4 ,! ,emp]or ,wan 0 ! only man ) no cause = grief1 8 fa!r be+ ! admirable ,ki1 & 8 son ! equally admirable ,wu4 ,! fa!r laid ! f\ndation ( all ?is excell5ce1 ! son transmitt+ x to 8 own son4 ,! ,emp]or ,wu reta9$ ! hon\r & di/9ction ( 8 =ebe>s ,?ai1 ,kai1 & ,wan4 ,he _h ! dignity ( ! true ,son ( ,heav51 & own$ all )9 ! ,f\r ,seas4#aa ,he sacrific$ regul>ly 9 ! ance/ral temple1 & aft] dea? 8 successors sacrific$ to him4 ,! ,duke ( ,kau cont9u$ ! glori\s traditions h&$ on by ,wu4 ,bo? ^! great rul]s realis$ ! aspirations & wi%es ( _! =efa!rs1 re/or+ & improv+ ! ance/ral temple1 r5ovat+ ! sacr$ vessels & (f]+ sacrifices suit$ to ea* ye>4 ,9 o!r ways also !y p]petuat$ ! good de$s ( _! ance/ors1 obs]v$ _! religi\s rites1 enc\rag$ ! /udy ( music & poetry1 hon\r$ ! hon\rable1 & lov$ ! lovable4 ,!y %[$ due respect to _! dep>t$ ones1 & ?us dis*>g$ _! duty to ! liv+ & ! dead4 ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,m5cius ,,introductory ,m5cius is ! ,lat9is$ =m ( ,m5gtse1 :i* means ! philosoph] ,m5g1 ,m5g 7or ,m5g-sun7 be+ ! "n ( "o ( ! ?ree great ,h\ses ( ,lu1 ^: usurpations gave s mu* (f5ce to ,confucius4 ,8 p]sonal "n 0 ,ko1 ?\gh ?is does n occur 9 8 own works4 ,he 0 born 9 ,b4,c4 #cgb1 & di$ 9 ,b4,c4 #bhi at ! age ( #hc1 9 ! tw5ty-six? ye> ( ! ,emp]or ,nan1 ) :om end$ ! long sov]eignty ( ,kau 7,*[7 dyna/y4 ,he 0 ?us a contempor>y ( ,plato 7^: la/ tw5ty-?ree ye>s syn*ronis$ ) 8 fir/ tw5ty-?ree71 ,ari/otle1 ,z5o1 ,epicurus1 & ,demo/h5es1 & he is well wor?y ( be+ rank$ ) ^! illu/ri\s m54 ,m5cius 0 re>$ by 8 wid[$ "m1 ^: virtue & wisdom are /ill prov]bial 9 ,*9a4 ,! fir/ =ty ye>s ( 8 life are virtually a blank to u1 s t we "k v little ( 8 e>ly education4 ,he is said1 h[ev]1 to h /udi$ "u ,khung ,*i1 ! gr&son ( ,confucius4 ,9 ! hundr$ & six ye>s betwe5 ! dea? ( ,confucius 7,b4,c4 #dgh7 & ! bir? ( ,m5cius 7,b4,c4 #cgb71 ! political & moral /ate ( ,*9a _h alt]$ greatly = ! worse4 ,! small] feudal /ates _h be5 swall[$ up by l>g] ones1 ! pr9ces 7 con/antly at w> ) "o ano!r1 & !re 0 b little loyalty to ! occupant ( ! imp]ial ?rone2 moreov]1 ! moral /&>d ( ?+s _h l[]$ v mu*4 ,at ab\t ! age ( =ty-five ,m5cius became ,m9i/] "u ,pr9ce ,hsuan1 ( ! ,*i /ate4 ,b z 8 ma/] refus$ to c>ry out ! re=ms he urg$1 he resign$ 8 po/ & travell$ ?r\gh _m l&s1 advis+ rul]s & m9i/]s ) :om he came 9 contact4 ,9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #cai he resum$ 8 =m] position 9 ! /ate ( ,*i1 resign+ once m eight ye>s lat]4 ,he n[ gave himself up to a life ( /udy & tea*+1 prep>+ ! works pres5tly to be notic$4 ,8 ma9 purpose 0 to exp\nd & en=ce ! tea*+ ( ,confucius4 ,b 8 own doctr9e /&s on a l[] level ?an t ( ! ma/]1 = he views man's well-be+ r f ! po9t ( view ( political economy4 ,he 0 ju/ly nam$ by ,*ao ,*i ,! ,second ,holy ,"o or ,prophet--! "n by :i* ,*9a /ill kn[s him4 ,! treatise call$ ,! ,works ( ,m5cius is a compilation ( ! conv]sation & op9ions ( ,m5cius1 hav+ a simil> relation to t great philosoph] t ! ,analects 7or ,lun ,yu7 h to ,confucius4 ,x is arrang$ 9 sev5 books4 ,accord+ to tradition ! "w1 9 its exi/+ =m1 is z x came f ! philosoph] himself4 ,,virtue1 ,,n ,,pr(it1 ,,to ,,be ,,! ,,*ief ,,que/ ,:5 ,m5cius visit$ ,k+ ,hui1 ( ,liang1 ! latt] ask$ him :at c\nsel he c\ld give to pr(it 8 k+dom4 ,! philosoph] repli$1 ,:y does y\r maje/y use ! ^w pr(it8 ,! only ?+s :i* ,i h to c\nsel are righte\sness & goodwill4 ,if ! k+ seeks ma9ly ! pr(it ( 8 k+dom1 ! great (fic]s w seek ! pr(it ( _! families & ! common p t ( !irs4 ,! *ief ?+s to be aim$ at by k+ & p are virtue & b5evol5ce4 ,all else is z no?+4 ,no b5evol5t man has neglect$ 8 p>5ts1 nor has any virtu\s man slight$ 8 sov]eign4 ,h[ comes x1 ask$ ! k+1 t my /ate ,ts9 has det]iorat$ s9ce ,i became its rul]1 & t calamities _m & great h fall5 on x8 ,m5cius answ]$1 ,) s great an ext5t ( t]ritory z ?9e prosp]ity ought to be )9 easy rea*2 b 9 ord] to procure x y\r maje/y mu/ gov]n ?y subjects ju/ly & k9dly1 mod]at+ p5alties1 light5+ taxes1 promot+ ?us & o!rwise _! indu/ries1 increas+ _! com=ts z well z less5+ _! burd5s1 deep5+ ! fai?fulness ( ! p to "o ano!r & to ! ?rone4 ,!n w ?y p be loyal to !e & =midable t[>ds ?y foes4 ,?\ %alt make ?y subjects loyal fri5ds1 = ! b5evol5t "o has no enemy4 ,a ,,prosp]\s ,,rul] ,,! ,,fri5d ,,& ,,fa!r ,,( ,,8 ,,p ,on "o occasion ! ,emp]or ,hsuan ( ,*i visit$ ,m5cius 9 ! ,sn[ ,palace1 & ask$ him1 ,d ! p f9d enjoym5t 9 music & 9 ! *ase8 ,c]ta9ly1 answ]$ ,m5cius2 x is :5 rul] & p %>e ea* o!r's joys & sorr[s t ! sov]eign atta9s to 8 highe/ dignity4 ,moreov]1 a rul]1 :5 mov+ among/ 8 p ought to copy ! anci5t sov]eigns4 ,9 ! good old days1 :5 ! rul] made a t\r ( inspection among 8 p he 0 receiv$ ) great acclamation ev]y:]e1 = joy & gladness came 9 8 tra94 ,9 ! spr+ he inspect$ ! pl\gh+ & suppli$ all t 0 lack+ 9 ! way ( se$4 ,9 ! autumn he exam9$ ! reap+ & made up = any defici5cy 9 ! yield4 ,x 0 a common say+ dur+ ! ,hsia dyna/y1 ',if ! ,emp]or visite? n1 :at w become ( u8' ,b n[1 may y\r maje/y p]mit me to say1 matt]s are v diff]5t1 =1 :5 9 ^! days a rul] visits 8 p he is accompani$ by a huge army1 :o ) himself & suite h to be ma9ta9$ by ! p visit$4 ,& s x comes to be t ! hungry are robb$ ( _! food1 & ! toil]s are we>i$ ) ! extra tasks impos$ ^u !m4 ,if a rul] wi%es to h ! he>ts ( 8 p1 & to' be reg>d$ z _! fa!r1 he mu/ consid] _! ne$s & endeav\r to supply !m4 ,,m5cius ,,uses ,,/ratagem ,,to ,,br+ ,,home ,,to ,,! ,,emp]or ,,8 ,,guilt ,m5cius said on "o occasion to ,hsuan1 ,k+ ( ,*i1 ,suppose "o ( ?y m9i/]s 7 to entru/ 8 family dur+ 8 abs5ce to a subord9ate1 & t ! latt] neglect$ 8 duty s t ! wife & *ildr5 7 expos$ to great suff]+ & dang]4 ,:at %\ld t m9i/] d8 ,dismiss him at once1 0 ! royal reply4 ,b1 cont9u$ ! philosoph]1 suppose t ! gov]nm5t ( y\r own k+dom 7 bad1 ! p suff]+ & disunit$ & disloyal on acc\nt ( _! k+'s bad rule4 ,:at !n %\ld be done8 ,! k+1 look+ ?is way & t1 turn$ ! conv]sation to o!r !mes4 ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,"r ,,to ,,kill ,a ,,sov]eign ,k+ ,hsuan ask$ ,m5cius1 ,is x true t ,?ang bani%$ 8 own sov]eign1 ,kieh ! la/ k+ ( ! ,hsia dyna/y1 & t ,wu attack$ ! tyrant ,emp]or ,kau-hs9 & slew him8 ,x is true1 said ,m5cius1 = x is s writt5 9 ! ',%u ,k+4' ,b if a sov]eign acts z ,kieh did he is no long] a sov]eign b a robb]1 & to be dealt ) z su*4 ,& if a rul] is1 l ,kau-hs91 ! enemy ( 8 p1 he is no long] _! rul]1 & !re=e to be put out ( ! way1 & h[ bett] ?an by dea?8 ,,! ,,gifts ,,t ,,may ,,& ,,^? ,,t ,,may ,,n ,,be ,,accept$ ,*an ,ts9 spoke to ,m5cius z foll[s3 ,! ,k+ ( ,*i once (f]$ !e a pres5t & ?\ decl9$/ x1 b did/ accept gifts (f]$ at ,sung & at ,hsieh4 ,:y ?is inconsi/5cy8 ,if x 7 "r to refuse 9 ! fir/ case x 0 equally "r to refuse 9 ! o!r two4 ,if x 7 "r to accept 9 ! latt] two cases1 x 0 equally "r to accept 9 ! fir/ case4 ,! philosoph] answ]$1 ,i act$ rightly & consi/5tly4 ,! gifts at ,sung 7 to provide me ) :at 0 ne$$ = a long j\rney :i* ,i 0 ab\t to und]take4 ,:y %\ld ,i refuse su* gifts :5 ne$$8 ,at ,hsieh ,i 0 9 "s p]sonal dang] & ne$$ help to procure ! means ( self-def5ce4 ,! gifts 7 to enable me to procure arms4 ,:y %\ld ,i h refus$ su* ne$$ help8 ,b at ,*i ,i ne$$ no money1 & !re=e refus$ x :5 (f]$1 = to accept money :5 x is n ne$$ is to accept a bribe4 ,:y %\ld ,i take su* money8 ,,wrong ,,conduct ,,%\ld ,,be ,,end$ ,,at ,,once ,a di/+ui%$ (fic] ( ,sung1 call$ ,tai ,y+-*ib1 call$ ^u ,m5cius & said1 ,i am unable z yet to disp5se ) ! tax on goods & ! duties *>g$ at ! fronti] passes & 9 ! m>kets1 ?\gh ?is is a "r & prop] ?+ to d4 ,b x is my int5tion1 until ! next ye>1 to light5 ! tax & ! duties1 & !n next ye> ,i %all remove !m altoge!r4 ,! philosoph] repli$1 ,"h is a man :o daily /eals a score ( 8 neighb\r's f[ls4 ,someone remon/rates1 &1 feel+ t he is guilty ( act+ di%one/ly1 he says1 ',i "k t ?is /eal+ is wrong1 b 9 ! future ,i %all be cont5t ) /eal+ "o f[l a mon?4 ,b next ye> ,i w /op /eal+ f[ls altoge!r4' ,if1 cont9u$ ,m5cius1 ?is task & ^! duties are1 z y admit1 wrong1 end !m at once4 ,:y %\ld y wait a ye>8 ,,! ,,inh]5t ,,goodness ,,( ,,human ,,nature ,kao ,tzu said to ,m5cius1 ,human nature resembles runn+ wat]1 :i* fl[s ea/ or we/ accord+ z x c f9d an outlet4 ,s human nature is incl9$ equally to :at is good & to :at is bad4 ,x is true1 answ]$ ,m5cius1 t wat] w fl[ indiff]5tly to ! ea/ or to ! we/4 ,b x w n fl[ indiff]5tly up or d[n2 x c only fl[ d[n4 ,! t5d5cy ( human nature is t[>ds :at is good1 z t ( wat] is to fl[ d[nw>ds4 ,"o may1 inde$1 by spla%+ wat]1 make x spurt upw>ds1 b t is =c+ x aga9/ its true "*4 ,ev5 s1 :5 a man becomes prone to :at is evil x is because 8 ,heav5-implant$ nature has be5 div]t$ f its true b5t4 ,,p ,,fir/1 ,,k+s ,,la/ ,! p1 said ,m5cius1 are fir/ 9 importance2 next come ! gods4 ,! k+s are la/ & lea/4 ,,e ,,man ,,%\ld ,,accept ,,8 ,,lot ,m5cius said1 ,e man's lot is fix$ = him1 & x is a pro( ( wisdom to accept x uncompla9+ly4 ,he :o does ?is faces mis=tune & ev5 dea? unmov$4 ,,:at ,,! ,,good ,,k+ ,,delights ,,9 ,,mo/ ,! virtu\s k+1 said ,m5cius1 is glad to h a l>ge ext5t ( t]ritory & a num]\s p to rule ov]2 b 8 he>t is n on ^! ?+s4 ,to be at ! head ( a great k+dom & to see 8 p loyal1 unit$1 & fl\ri%+1 gives ! good k+ joy2 b 8 he>t is n on ^! ?+s4 ,x is on b5evol5ce1 ju/ice1 propriety1 & k t ! good k+'s he>t is set4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,example ,m5cius said1 ,9 ! good days ( old1 m5 ( virtue & tal5t ab\nd$ 9 ! l&1 & _! influ5ce = good 0 great ^u _! fell[s4 ,b n[1 alas1 ! masses ( ! p are ignorant1 & deprav$1 & _! dom9ant influ5ce is bad4 ,,c\nsellors ,,%\ld ,,love ,,righte\sness ,,r ,,?an ,,ri*es ,m5cius said1 ,^? :o c\nsel m5 9 high places %\ld feel contempt = _! pomp & display4 ,i h no wi% = huge & gorge\s halls1 = luxuri\s food ) hundr$s ( att5dants1 or = sp>kl+ w9e or bewit*+ wom54 ,^! ?+s ,i e/eem n2 :at ,i e/eem are ! rules ( propriety h&$ d[n by ! anci5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f,,nelon ,,! ,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,god ,franois de ,salignac de la ,mo! ,fnelon 0 born at ! *teau ( ,fnelon1 9 ! anci5t t]ritorial division ( ,prigord1 ,france1 ,augu/ #f1 #afea4 ,at tw5ty-f\r he became a prie/4 ,he 0 = _m ye>s a fri5d ( 8 celebrat$ contempor>y ,bossuet1 b lat] ,bossuet attack$ a spiritual & unworldly "w ( ,fnelon1 :o 0 condemn$ by ! ,pope4 ,he di$ on ,janu>y #ag1 #agae1 leav+ beh9d him _m books1 ( :i* ! ,treatise on ! ,exi/5ce ( ,god1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #agac1 is ! ma/]piece4 ,?is noble & pr(\nd "w1 ?\gh x accepts ! argum5t f design1 :i* ! discov]y ( univ]sal evolution necess>ily modifies1 does s ) su* r>e philosophical insight z to /& = ev] f> above any o!r works ( ! k9d4 ,fnelon c sc>cely be call$ a my/ic1 = 8 reason 0 ( ! f9e/1 & nev] surr5d]$ its claims2 b1 ?\gh a /rictly rational ?9k]1 he _h ! insight ( ! my/ic or ! ideali/ :o sees 9 ext]nal nature1 & 9 ! m9d ( man alike1 :at ,goe! call$ ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god4 ,i4--,,! ,,h& ,,t ,,makes ,,ev]y?+ ,i _c op5 my eyes )\t admir+ ! art t %9es ?r\gh\t all nature2 ! lea/ ca/ suffices to make me p]ceive ! ,h& t makes ev]y?+4 ,m5 ! lea/ ex]cis$ 9 reason+1 & ! mo/ t5aci\s ( ! prejudices ( ! s5ses1 may yet ) "o look discov] ,him :o has drawn ,himself 9 all ,8 works4 ,! wisdom & p[] ,he has /amp$ ^u ev]y?+ ,he has made are se51 z x 71 9 a glass by ^? t _c contemplate ,him 9 ,8 own idea4 ,?is is a s5sible & popul> philosophy1 ( :i* any man free f passion & prejudice is capable4 ,if a great numb] ( m5 ( subtle & p5etrat+ wit h n discov]$ ,god ) "o ca/ ( ! eye ^u nature1 x is n matt] ( wond]1 = ei!r ! passions !y h be5 toss$ by h /ill r5d]$ !m incapable ( any fix$ reflection1 or ! false prejudices t result f passions h1 l a ?ick cl\d1 int]pos$ betwe5 _! eyes & t noble spectacle4 ,a man deeply conc]n$ 9 an affair ( great importance1 t %\ld take up all ! att5tion ( 8 m9d1 might pass sev]al days 9 a room treat+ ab\t 8 conc]ns )\t tak+ notice ( ! proportions ( ! *amb]1 ! ornam5ts ( ! *imney1 & ! pictures ab\t him1 all ( :i* objects w\ld cont9ually be be=e 8 eyes1 & yet none ( !m make any impression ^u him4 ,9 ?is mann] x is t m5 sp5d _! lives4 ,ev]y?+ (f]s ,god to _! sight1 & yet !y see ,him n[h]e4 ,!y pass away _! lives )\t p]ceiv+ t s5sible repres5tation ( ! ,deity4 ,su* is ! fasc9ation ( worldly trifles t obscure _! eyes4 ,nay1 (t5times !y w n s mu* z op5 !m1 b r affect to keep !m %ut1 le/ !y %\ld f9d ,him !y d n look =4 ,9 %ort1 :at ought to help mo/ to op5 _! eyes s]ves only to close !m fa/]4 ,i mean ! con/ant duration & regul>ity ( ! motions :i* ! ,supreme ,wisdom has put 9 ! univ]se4 ,b1 aft] all1 :ole nature %[s ! inf9ite art ( its ,mak]4 ,:5 ,i speak ( an art1 ,i mean a collection ( prop] means *os5 on purpose to arrive at a c]ta9 end2 or1 if y please1 x is an ord]1 a me?od1 an indu/ry1 or a set design4 ,*ance1 on ! contr>y1 is a bl9d & necess>y cause1 :i* nei!r sets 9 ord] nor *ooses any?+1 & has nei!r w nor und]/&+4 ,n[1 ,i ma9ta9 t ! univ]se be>s ! "* & /amp ( a cause inf9itely p[]ful & indu/ri\s2 &1 at ! same "t1 t *ance--t is1 ! =tuit\s conc\rse ( causes void ( reason--_c h =m$ ?is univ]se4 ,:o w believe t s p]fect a poem z ,hom]'s ,iliad 0 n ! product ( ! g5ius ( a great poet1 b t ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 be+ confus$ly jumbl$ & mix$1 7 by *ance1 z x 7 by ! ca/ ( a pair ( dice1 br\ght toge!r 9 su* an ord] z is necess>y to describe1 9 v]ses full ( h>mony & v>iety1 s _m great ev5ts2 to place & connect !m s well toge!r2 to pa9t e object ) all its mo/ graceful1 mo/ noble1 & mo/ affect+ att5dants2 9 %ort1 to make e p]son speak accord+ to 8 "* 9 s natural & s =cible a mann]8 ,let p subtilise ^u ! matt] z mu* z !y please1 yet !y nev] w p]suade a man ( s5se t ! ,iliad 0 ! m]e result ( *ance4 ,h[1 !n1 c a man ( s5se be induc$ to believe1 ) respect to ! univ]se1 :at 8 reason w nev] suff] him to believe 9 relation to ! ,iliad8 ,,ii4--,,e>?1 ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,all ,,liv+ ,aft] ^! comp>isons1 ab\t :i* ,i only desire ! read] to consult himself1 )\t any argum5tation1 ,i ?9k x is high "t to ent] into a detail ( nature4 ,i d n pret5d to p5etrate ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,:o is able to d x8 ,nei!r d ,i pret5d to ent] into any physical discussion4 ,su* way ( reason+ requires a c]ta9 deep k1 :i* abundance ( m5 ( wit & s5se nev] acquire2 & !re=e ,i w (f] no?+ to !m b ! simple prospect ( ! face ( nature4 ,i w ent]ta9 !m ) no?+ b :at ev]ybody kn[s1 :i* requires only a little calm & s]i\s att5tion4 ,let u1 9 ! fir/ place1 /op at ! great object t fir/ /rikes our sight--,i mean ! g5]al /ructure ( ! univ]se4 ,let u ca/ our eyes on ?is e>? t be>s u4 ,:o is x t hung & pois$ ?is motionless globe ( ! e>?8 ,:o laid its f\ndation8 ,no?+ seems m vile & contemptible1 = ! meane/ wret*es tread x "u foot2 b yet x is 9 ord] to possess x t we "p ) ! greate/ treasures4 ,if x 7 h>d] ?an x is1 m5 c\ld n op5 its bosom to cultivate x2 & if x 7 less h>d x c\ld n be> !m1 & !y w\ld s9k ev]y:]e z !y d 9 s&1 or 9 a bog4 ,x is f ! inexhau/ible bosom ( ! e>? we draw :at is mo/ preci\s4 ,t %apeless1 vile1 & rude mass assumes ! mo/ v>i\s =ms1 & yields alone1 by turns1 all ! goods we c desire4 ,t dirty soil trans=ms itself into a ?\s& f9e objects t *>m ! eye4 ,9 ! compass ( "o ye> x turns into bran*es1 twigs1 buds1 leaves1 blossoms1 fruits1 & se$s1 9 ord]1 by ^? v>i\s %apes1 to multiply its lib]alities to mank9d4 ,no?+ exhau/s ! e>?2 ! m we te> h] b[els ! m %e is lib]al4 ,aft] s _m ages1 dur+ :i* %e has produc$ ev]y?+1 %e is n yet worn out4 ,%e feels no decay f old age1 & h] entrails /ill conta9 ! same treasures4 ,a ?\s& g5]ations h pass$ away1 & return$ into h] bosom4 ,ev]y?+ gr[s old1 %e alone except$2 = %e gr[s "y aga9 e ye> 9 ! spr+4 ,%e is nev] want+ to m52 b fooli% m5 are want+ to !mselves 9 neglect+ to cultivate h]4 ,x is ?r\gh _! laz9ess & extravagance !y suff] brambles & bri>s to gr[ in/ead ( grapes & corn4 ,!y cont5d = a good !y let p]i%4 ,! conqu]ors leave uncultivat$ ! gr\nd = ! possession ( :i* !y h sacrific$ ! lives ( s _m ?\s& m51 & h sp5t _! own 9 hurry & tr\ble4 ,m5 h be=e !m va/ tracts ( l& un9habit$ & uncultivat$1 & !y turn mank9d topsy-turvy = "o nook ( t neglect$ gr\nd 9 dispute4 ,! e>?1 if well cultivat$1 w\ld fe$ a hundr$ times m m5 ?an %e does n[4 ,ev5 ! unev5ness ( gr\nd1 :i* at fir/ seems to be a defect1 turns ei!r into ornam5t or pr(it4 ,! m\nta9s arose & ! valleys desc5d$ to ! place ! ,"l _h appo9t$ = !m4 ,^? diff]5t gr\nds h _! p>ticul> advantages1 accord+ to ! div]s aspects ( ! sun4 ,9 ^? deep valleys gr[ fre% & t5d] grass to fe$ cattle4 ,next to !m op5s a va/ *ampaign cov]$ ) a ri* h>ve/4 ,"h1 hills rise l an amphi!atre1 & are cr[n$ ) v9ey>ds & fruit-trees4 ,!re1 high m\nta9s c>ry al(t _! froz5 br[s to ! v cl\ds1 & ! torr5ts t run d[n f !m become ! spr+s ( riv]s4 ,! rocks t %[ _! craggy tops be> up ! e>? ( m\nta9s j z ! bones be> up ! fle% 9 human bodies4 ,!re is sc>ce any spot ( gr\nd absolutely b>r5 if a man d n gr[ we>y ( digg+1 & turn+ x to ! enliv5+ sun1 & if he require no m f x ?an x is prop] to be>4 ,amid/ /one & rocks !re is sometimes excell5t pa/ure1 & _! cavities h ve9s :i*1 be+ p5etrat$ by ! pi]c+ rays ( ! sun1 furni% plants ) mo/ sav\ry juices = ! fe$+ ( h]ds & flocks4 ,ev5 sea-coa/s t seem to be ! mo/ /]ile & wild yield sometimes ei!r delici\s fruits or mo/ :olesome m$ic9es t are want+ 9 ! mo/ f]tile c\ntries4 ,besides1 x is ! effect ( a wise ov]-rul+ ,provid5ce t no l& yields all t is useful to human life4 ,= want invites m5 to comm]ce1 9 ord] to supply "o ano!r's necessities4 ,x is !re=e t want :i* is ! natural tie ( society betwe5 nations2 o!rwise1 all ! p ( ! e>? w\ld be r$uc$ to "o sort ( food & clo?+1 & no?+ w\ld invite !m to "k & visit "o ano!r4 ,all t ! e>? produces1 be+ corrupt$1 returns into h] bosom1 & becomes ! s\rce ( a new production4 ,?us %e resumes all %e has giv5 9 ord] to give aga94 ,?us ! corruption ( plants1 & ( ! animals %e fe$s1 fe$ h]1 & improve h] f]tility4 ,?us1 ! m %e gives ! m %e resumes2 & %e is nev] exhau/$1 provid$ !y :o cultivate h] re/ore to h] :at %e has giv54 ,ev]y?+ comes f h] bosom1 ev]y?+ returns to x1 & no?+ is lo/ 9 x4 ,nay1 all se$s multiply !re4 ,admire ! plants t spr+ f ! e>?2 !y yield food = ! heal?y1 & rem$ies = ! sick4 ,_! species & virtues are innum]able4 ,!y deck ! e>?1 yield v]dure1 fragrant fl[]s1 & delici\s fruits4 ,d y see ^? va/ =e/s t seem z old z ! _w8 ,^? trees s9k into ! e>? by _! roots1 z deep z _! bran*es %oot up to ! sky4 ,_! roots def5d !m aga9/ ! w9ds1 & fet* up1 z x 7 by subt]ranean pipes1 all ! juices de/9$ to fe$ ! trunk4 ,! trunk itself is cov]$ ) a t\gh b>k t %elt]s ! t5d] wood f ! injuries ( ! air4 ,! bran*es di/ribute1 by sev]al pipes1 ! sap :i* ! roots _h ga!r$ up 9 ! trunk4 ,9 summ] ! b\ghs protect u ) _! %ad[ aga9/ ! scor*+ rays ( ! sun4 ,! f>!r we seek ?r\gh ! univ]se ! m sure is h] tea*+4 ,t :i* we le>nt f ! e>? & f plants is taught u aga9 by wat]1 by ! air1 & by fire4 ,x is ! lesson ( ! skies1 & ( ! sun & ! />s4 ,! :ole animal _w tea*es u ! same4 ,if we turn f ?+s t are l>ge1 we %all f9d wond]s no less 9 ! inf9itely little2 if we turn f ! bodies ( animals to ! /udy ( _! in/9cts1 _! sleep1 _! food1 ! p]si/5ce ( _! races f age to age--?\gh all individuals are mortal--aga9 we f9d evid5ce ( ! skill & p[] ( ! ,au?or ( all ?+s4 ,/ill m wond]ful is ! body ( man1 8 sk9 & ve9s1 8 bones & jo9ts1 8 s5ses1 tongue & tee?1 ! proportions ( 8 body1 &1 above all ?+s1 8 s\l1 :i* alone among all creatures ?9ks & kn[s & is sov]eign ma/] ov] ! body4 ,x is ?is reason t is 9 man :i*1 above all1 demon/rates ! resid5ce ( ,god 9 u4 ,,iii4--,,god ,,9 ,,! ,,m9d ,,( ,,man ,x _c be said t man gives himself ! ?\ghts he _h n be=e2 mu* less c x be said t he receives !m f o!r m51 s9ce x is c]ta9 he nei!r does nor c admit any?+ f )\t1 unless he f9ds x 9 8 own f\ndation1 by consult+ )9 him ! pr9ciples ( reason1 9 ord] to exam9e :e!r :at he is told is agreeable or repugnant to !m4 ,!re=e1 !re is an inw>d s*ool :]e9 man receives :at he nei!r c give himself1 nor expect f o!r m5 :o live ^u tru/ z well z himself4 ,"h1 !n1 are two reasons ,i f9d )9 me1 "o ( :i* is myself1 ! o!r is above me4 ,t :i* is myself is v imp]fect1 prejudic$1 liable to error1 *angeable1 head/rong1 ignorant1 & limit$2 9 %ort1 x possesses no?+ b :at is borr[$4 ,! o!r is common to all m51 & sup]ior to !m4 ,x is p]fect1 et]nal1 immutable1 ev] ready to communicate itself 9 all places1 & to rectify all m9ds t err & mi/ake2 9 %ort1 incapable ( ev] be+ ei!r exhau/$ or divid$1 al?\gh x communicates itself to all :o desire x4 ,:]e is t p]fect reason :i* is s ne> me1 & yet s diff]5t f me8 ,surely x mu/ be some?+ real1 = no?+ _c ei!r be p]fect or make p]fect imp]fect natures4 ,:]e is t supreme reason8 ,is x n ! v ,god ,i look =8 ,we h se5 ! pr9ts ( ! ,deity1 or1 to speak m prop]ly1 ! seal & /amp ( ,god ,himself1 9 all t is call$ ! works ( nature4 ,:5 a man does n ent] into philosophical subtleties1 he obs]ves ) ! fir/ ca/ ( ! eye a h&1 t 0 ! fir/ mov]1 9 all ! p>ts ( ! univ]se1 & set all ! :eels ( ! great ma*9e ago+4 ,ev]y?+ %[s & proclaims an ord]1 an exact measure1 an art1 a wisdom1 a m9d sup]ior to u1 :i* is1 z x 71 ! s\l ( ! :ole _w1 & :i* leads & directs ev]y?+ to ,8 ends1 ) a g5tle & ins5sible1 ?\gh ev] an omnipot5t =ce4 ,we h se51 z x 71 ! ar*itecture & frame ( ! univ]se2 ! j proportion ( all its p>ts2 & ! b>e ca/ ( ! eye has suffic$ u to f9d & discov] ev5 9 an ant1 m ?an 9 ! sun1 a wisdom & p[] t delights to ex]t itself 9 poli%+ & adorn+ its vile/ works4 ,?is is obvi\s1 )\t any speculative discussion1 to ! mo/ ignorant ( m52 b :at a _w ( o!r wond]s %\ld we discov] %\ld we p5etrate into ! secrets ( physics1 & dissect ! inw>d p>ts ( animals1 :i* are fram$ accord+ to ! mo/ p]fect me*anics4 ,let a man /udy ! _w z mu* z he pleases2 let him desc5d into ! m9ute/ details2 dissect ! vile/ ( animals2 n>r[ly consid] ! lea/ gra9 ( corn s[n 9 ! gr\nd1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x g]m9ates & multiplies2 att5tively obs]ve ) :at precautions a rose-bud bl[s & op5s 9 ! sun1 & closes aga9 at night2 & he w f9d 9 all ^! m design1 conduct1 & indu/ry ?an 9 all ! works ( art4 ,nay1 :at is call$ ! art ( m5 is b a fa9t imitation ( ! great art call$ ! laws ( nature1 :i* ! impi\s did n blu% to call bl9d *ance4 ,is x1 !re=e1 a wond] t poets animat$ ! :ole univ]se1 be/[$ w+s ^u ! w9ds1 & arr[s on ! sun1 & describ$ great riv]s impetu\sly runn+ to precipitate !mselves into ! sea & trees %oot+ up to heav5 to repel ! rays ( ! sun by _! ?ick %ades8 ,^! images & figures h also be5 receiv$ 9 ! language ( ! vulg>1 s natural x is = m5 to be s5sible ( ! wond]ful art t fills all nature4 ,poetry did only ascribe to inanimate creatures ! art & design ( ! ,creator1 :o does ev]y?+ 9 !m4 ,f ! figurative language ( ! poets ^? notions pass$ into ! !ology ( ! hea!ns1 ^: div9es 7 ! poets4 ,!y suppos$ an art1 a p[]1 or a wisdom1 :i* !y call$ num5 div9ity1 9 creatures ! mo/ de/itute ( und]/&+4 ,) !m great riv]s 7 gods1 & spr+ naiads4 ,woods & m\nta9s _h _! p>ticul> deities2 fl[]s _h _! ,flora2 & fruits1 ,pomona4 ,aft] all1 ! m a man contemplates nature1 ! m he discov]s 9 x an inexhau/ible /ock ( wisdom1 :i* is1 z x 71 ! s\l ( ! univ]se4 ,:at mu/ we inf] f !nce8 ,! consequ5ce fl[s ( itself4 ,if s mu* wisdom & p5etration1 says ,m9utius ,felix1 are requir$ to obs]ve ! wond]ful ord] & design ( ! /ructure ( ! _w1 h[ mu* m 7 necess>y to =m x6 ,if m5 s mu* admire philosoph]s because !y discov] a small "p ( ! wisdom t made all ?+s1 !y mu/ be />k bl9d n to admire t wisdom itself4 ,,iv4--,a ,,pray] ,,to ,,god ,o my ,god1 if s _m m5 d n discov] ,!e 9 ?is great spectacle ,?\ give/ !m ( all nature1 x is n because ,?\ art f> f any ( u4 ,e "o ( u feels ,!e1 z x 71 ) 8 h&2 b ! s5ses1 & ! passions !y raise1 take up all ! att5tion ( our m9ds4 ,?us1 ,o ,"l1 ,?y light %9es 9 d>kness2 b d>kness is s ?ick & gloomy t x does n admit ! beams ( ,?y light4 ,?\ appe>e/ ev]y:]e2 & ev]y:]e inatt5tive mortals neglect to p]ceive ,!e4 ,all nature speaks ( ,!e1 & res\nds ) ,?y holy "n2 b %e speaks to deaf m51 ^: deafness proce$s f ! noise & clatt] !y make to /un !mselves4 ,?\ art ne> & )9 !m2 b !y are fugitive1 & w&]+1 z x 71 out ( !mselves4 ,!y w\ld f9d ,!e1 ,o ,sweet ,light1 ,o ,et]nal ,beauty1 ev] old & ev] "y1 ,o ,f\nta9 ( ,*a/e ,delights1 ,o ,pure & ,happy ,life ( all :o live truly1 %\ld !y look = ,!e )9 !mselves4 ,b ! impi\s lose ,!e only by los+ !mselves4 ,alas6 ,?y v gifts1 :i* %\ld %[ !m ! h& f :5ce !y fl[1 amuse !m to su* a degree z to h9d] !m f p]ceiv+ x4 ,!y live by ,!e1 & yet !y live )\t ?9k+ on ,!e or1 r1 !y die by ! ,f\nta9 ( ,life = want ( qu5*+ _! dr\ght 9 t vivify+ /ream2 = :at great] dea? c !re be ?an n to "k ,!e1 ,o ,"l8 ,!y fall asleep 9 ,?y s(t & pat]nal bosom1 &1 full ( ! deceitful dreams by :i* !y are toss$ 9 _! sleep1 !y are ins5sible ( ! p[]ful h& t supports !m4 ,if ,?\ w]t a b>r51 impot5t1 & inanimate body1 l a fl[] t fades away1 a riv] t runs1 a h\se t decays & falls to ru91 a picture t is b a collection ( col\rs to /rike ! imag9ation1 or a useless metal t gli/5s1 !y w\ld p]ceive ,!e1 & fondly ascribe to ,!e ! p[] ( giv+ !m "s pleasure1 al?\gh 9 reality pleasure _c proce$ f inanimate be+s1 :i* are !mselves void & incapable ( x1 b f ,!e alone1 ! true spr+ ( all joy4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,?\ w]t b a lumpi%1 frail1 & inanimate be+1 a mass )\t any virtue or p[]1 a %ad[ ( a be+1 ,?y va9 fanta/ic nature w\ld busy _! vanity1 & be a prop] object to ent]ta9 _! mean & bruti% ?\ghts4 ,b because ,?\ art too intimately )9 !m1 & !y nev] at home1 ,?\ art to !m an unkn[n ,god2 = :ile !y rise & w&] abroad1 ! intimate "p ( !mselves is mo/ remote f _! sight4 ,! ord] & beauty ,?\ scatt]e/ ov] ! face ( ,?y creatures are l a gl>+ light t hides ,!e f !m & dazzles _! sore eyes4 ,9 f9e1 because ,?\ art too elevat$ & too pure a tru? to affect gross s5ses1 m5 :o are become l bea/s _c conceive ,!e1 ?\gh man has daily conv9c+ in/ances ( wisdom & virtue )\t ! te/imony ( any ( 8 s5ses2 = ^? virtues h n s\nd1 col\r1 od\r1 ta/e1 figure1 nor any s5sible quality4 ,:y1 !n1 ,o my ,god1 d m5 call ,?y exi/5ce1 wisdom1 & p[] m 9 "q ?an !y d ^? o!r ?+s mo/ real & manife/1 ! tru? ( :i* !y suppose z c]ta91 9 all ! s]i\s affairs ( life1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 z well z ,?\1 escape our feeble s5ses8 ,o mis]y6 ,o dismal night t surr\nds ! *ildr5 ( ,adam6 ,o mon/r\s /upidity6 ,o confusion ( ! :ole man6 ,man has eyes only to see %ad[s1 & tru? appe>s a phantom to him4 ,:at is no?+ is all2 & :at is all is no?+ to him4 ,:at d ,i behold 9 all nature8 ,god4 ,god ev]y:]e1 & /ill ,god alone4 ,:5 ,i ?9k1 ,o ,"l1 t all be+ is 9 ,!e1 ,?\ exhau/e/ & swall[e/ up1 ,o ,abyss ( ,tru?1 all my ?\ghts4 ,i "k n :at becomes ( me4 ,:atev] is n ,?\ disappe>s2 & sc>ce s mu* ( myself rema9s :]e)al to f9d myself aga94 ,:o sees ,!e n nev] saw any?+2 & :o is n s5sible ( ,!e1 nev] 0 s5sible ( any?+4 ,he is z if he 7 n4 ,8 :ole life is b a dream4 ,arise1 ,o ,"l1 arise1 ,let ,?y enemies melt l wax & vani% l smoke be=e ,?y face4 ,h[ unhappy is ! impi\s s\l :o1 f> f ,!e1 is )\t ,god1 )\t hope1 )\t et]nal com=t6 ,h[ happy he :o se>*es1 sighs1 & ?ir/s aft] ,!e4 ,b fully happy he on :om are reflect$ ! beams ( ,?y c\nt5ance1 ^: te>s ,?y h& has wip$ (f1 & ^: desires ,?y love has already complet$4 ,:5 w t "t be1 ,o ,"l8 ,o fair day1 )\t ei!r cl\d or end1 ( :i* ,?yself %alt be ! sun1 & :]e9 ,?\ %alt run ?r\gh my s\l l a torr5t ( delight6 ,^u ?is pleas+ hope ,i cry out3 ,:o is l ,!e1 ,o ,"l8 ,my he>t melts & my fle% fa9ts1 ,o ,god ( my s\l1 & my et]nal weal?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,galileo ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,scripture ,galileo's treatise on ,! ,au?ority ( ,scripture 9 ,philosophical ,controv]sies 0 writt5 at a "t :5 ! ,cop]nican !ory ( ! con/itution ( ! univ]se 0 engag+ ! att5tion ( ! _w4 ,a ,b5$ict9e monk1 ,b5$etto ,ca/elli1 call$ ^u to def5d ! !ory at ! gr&-ducal table ( ,tuscany1 ask$ ,galileo's assi/ance 9 reconcil+ x ) or?odoxy4 ,8 answ] 0 an exposition ( a =mal !ory z to ! relations ( physical sci5ce to ,holy ,writ4 ,?is answ] 0 fur!r amplifi$ 9 ! ,au?ority ( ! ,scripture1 address$ 9 #afad to ,*ri/9a ( ,lorra9e1 ,d[ag] ,gr&-,du*ess ( ,tuscany1 an able & acute def5ce ( 8 position4 ,a ye> lat] ano!r monk laid ,galileo's lett] to ,ca/elli be=e ! ,inquisition1 :]eupon ! philosoph] 0 summon$ by ,pope ,paul ,v4 to ! palace ( ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 & !re w>n$ aga9/ h5ce=? hold+1 tea*+1 or def5d+ ! condemn$ doctr9e4 ,nev]!less1 9 a few ye>s ,galileo 7see ,,sci5ce1 vol4 ,,xv7 _h to suff] trial & condemnation by ! ,inquisition = publi%+ 8 ,dialogues on ! ,sy/em ( ! ,_w1 :i* gave ! ,ptolemaic !ory its dea?-bl[4 ,i4--,,! ,,def5d]s ,,( ,,fallacy ,"s ye>s ago ,i discov]$ _m a/ronomical facts till !n unkn[n4 ,_! novelty & _! antagonism to "s physical propositions commonly receiv$ by ! s*ools did /ir up aga9/ me _m :o pr(ess$ ! vulg> philosophy1 z if1 =soo?1 ,i _h ) my own h& plac$ ^! ?+s 9 ! heav5s to obscure & di/urb nature & sci5ce4 ,^! oppon5ts1 m affectionate to _! own op9ion ?an to tru?1 tri$ to d5y & disprove my discov]ies1 :i* !y might h disc]n$ ) _! own eyes2 & !y publi%$ va9 disc\rses1 int]wov5 ) irrelevant passages1 n rightly und]/ood1 ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,f ?is folly !y might h be5 sav$ _h !y rememb]$ ! advice ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o1 deal+ ) cele/ial bodies1 writes3 ,we ought to believe no?+ unadvis$ly 9 a d\btful po9t1 le/ 9 fav\r ( our error we conceive a prejudice aga9/ t :i* tru? h]eaft] may discov] to be n[ise contr>y to ! sacr$ books4 ,"t has prov$ e "o ( my /atem5ts1 & prov+ !m has also prov$ t my oppon5ts 7 ( two k9ds4 ,^? :o _h d\bt$ simply because ! discov]ies 7 new & /range h be5 gradually conv]t$1 :ile ^? ^: incr$ulity 0 bas$ on p]sonal ill-w to me h %ut _! eyes to ! facts & h endeav\r$ to asp]se my moral "* & to ru9 me4 ,kn[+ t ,i h confut$ ! ,ptolemaic & ,ari/otelian argum5ts1 & di/ru/+ _! def5ce 9 ! field ( philosophy1 !y h tri$ to %ield _! fallacies "u ! mantle ( a feign$ religion & ( scriptural au?ority1 & h endeav\r$ to spread ! op9ion t my propositions are contr>y to ! ,scriptures1 & !re=e h]etical4 ,to ?is end !y h f\nd accomplices 9 ! pulpits1 & h scatt]$ rum\rs t my !ory ( ! _w-sy/em w\ld ere long be condemn$ by supreme au?ority4 ,fur!r1 !y h endeav\r$ to make ! !ory peculi> to myself1 ignor+ ! fact t ! au?or1 or r re/or]1 ( ! doctr9e 0 ,ni*olas ,cop]nicus1 a ,ca?olic1 & a mu*-e/eem$ prie/1 :o 0 summon$ to ,rome to correct ! ecclesia/ic cal5d>1 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 inquiries rea*$ ?is view ( ! univ]se4 ,! cal5d> has s9ce be5 regulat$ by 8 doctr9e1 & on 8 pr9ciples ! motions ( ! planets h be5 calculat$4 ,hav+ r$uc$ 8 doctr9e to six books1 he publi%$ !m "u ! title ( ,de ,revolutionibus ,coele/ibus1 at ! in/ance ( ! ,c>d9al ( ,capua1 & ( ! ,bi%op ( ,culma2 &1 s9ce he und]took ! task at ! ord] ( ,pope ,leo ,x41 he d$icat$ ! "w to 8 successor ,paul ,,iii41 & x 0 receiv$ by ! ,holy ,*ur* & /udi$ by all ! _w4 ,9 ! end ( 8 d$icatory epi/le ,cop]nicus writes3 ,if !re %\ld *ance to be any mateologi/s :o1 ignorant 9 ma!matics yet pret5d+ to skill 9 t sci5ce1 %\ld d>e1 ^u ! au?ority ( "s passage ( ,scripture wre/$ to _! purpose1 to condemn & c5sure my hypo!sis1 ,i value !m n1 & scorn _! inconsid]ate judgm5t4 ,= x is n unkn[n t ,lactantius 7a fam\s au?or ?\gh poor ma!matician7 writes v *ildi%ly conc]n+ ! =m ( ! e>? :5 he sc(fs at ^? :o affirm ! e>? to be 9 =m ( a globe4 ,s t x ought n to seem /range to ! intellig5t if any su* %\ld likewise n[ d]ide u4 ,! ma!matics are writt5 = ma!maticians1 to :om 7if ,i deceive n myself7 ^! lab\rs ( m9e %all seem to add some?+1 z also to ! commonweal ( ! ,*ur* ^: gov]nm5t is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ,y\r ,hol9ess4 ,x is su* z ,lactantius :o w\ld n[ condemn ,cop]nicus unread1 & produce au?orities ( ! ,scripture1 ( div9es1 & ( c\ncils 9 support ( _! condemnation4 ,i hold ^! au?orities 9 rev]5ce1 b ,i hold t 9 ?is in/ance !y are us$ = p]sonal ends 9 a mann] v diff]5t f ! mo/ sacr$ int5tion ( ! ,holy ,*ur*4 ,i am ready to r5\nce any religi\s errors into :i* ,i may run 9 ?is disc\rse1 & if my book be n b5eficial to ! ,holy ,*ur* may x be torn & burnt2 b ,i hold t ,i h a "r to def5d myself aga9/ ! attacks ( ignorant oppon5ts4 ,! doctr9e ( ! movem5t ( ! e>? & ! fixity ( ! sun is condemn$ on ! gr\nd t ! ,scriptures speak 9 _m places ( ! sun mov+ & ! e>? /&+ /ill4 ,! ,scriptures n be+ capable ( ly+ or err+1 x foll[e? t ! position ( ^? is errone\s & h]etical :o ma9ta9 t ! sun is fix$ & ! e>? 9 motion4 ,x is pi\sly spok5 t ! ,scriptures _c lie4 ,b none w d5y t !y are frequ5tly ab/ruse & _! true mean+ difficult to discov]1 & m ?an ! b>e words signify4 ,"o tak+ ! s5se too lit]ally might p]v]t ! tru? & conceive blasphemies1 & give ,god feet1 & h&s1 & eyes1 & human affections1 su* z ang]1 rep5tance1 =getfulness1 ignorance1 :]eas ^! expressions are employ$ m]ely to accommodate ! tru? to ! m5tal capacity ( ! unle>n$4 ,?is be+ grant$1 ,i ?9k t 9 ! discussion ( natural problems we ought to beg9 n ) ! ,scriptures1 b ) exp]im5ts & demon/rations4 ,nor does ,god less admirably discov] ,himself to u 9 nature ?an 9 ,scripture1 & hav+ f\nd ! tru? 9 nature we may use x z an aid to ! true exposition ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,scriptures 7 int5d$ to tea* m5 ^? ?+s :i* _c be le>n$ o!rwise ?an by ! m\? ( ! ,holy ,_s2 b we are meant to use our s5ses & reason 9 discov]+ = ourselves ?+s )9 _! scope & capacity1 & h5ce c]ta9 sci5ces are neglect$ 9 ! ,holy ,writ4 ,a/ronomy1 = in/ance1 is h>dly m5tion$1 & only ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ,lucif] are nam$4 ,surely1 if ! holy writ]s _h int5d$ u to d]ive our a/ronomical k f ! ,sacr$ ,books1 !y w\ld n h left u s un9=m$4 ,t !y int5tionally =bore to speak ( ! movem5ts & con/itution ( ! />s is ! op9ion ( ! mo/ holy & mo/ le>n$ fa!rs4 ,& if ! ,holy ,_s has omitt$ to tea* u ^? matt]s z n p]t95t to our salvation1 h[ c x be said t "o view is de ,fide & ! o!r h]etical8 ,i might "h ins]t ! op9ion ( an ecclesia/ic rais$ to ! degree ( ,em95tissimo3 ,t ! int5tion ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is to tea* u h[ we %all g to ,heav51 & n h[ ! heav5s g4 ,,ii4--,,scriptural ,,& ,,exp]im5tal ,,tru? ,s9ce ! ,holy ,writ is true1 & all tru? agrees ) tru?1 ! tru? ( ,holy ,writ _c be contr>y to ! tru? obta9$ by reason & exp]im5t4 ,?is be+ true1 x is ! bus9ess ( ! judici\s expositor to f9d ! true mean+ ( scriptural passages :i* mu/ accord ) ! conclusions ( obs]vation & exp]im5t1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! "w ( exposition d n fall into fooli% & ignorant h&s4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re are v few m5 capable ( und]/&+ bo? ! sacr$ ,scriptures & sci5ce1 & t !re are _m ) a sup]ficial k ( ! ,scriptures & ) no k ( sci5ce :o w\ld fa9 arrogate to !mselves ! p[] ( decree+ ^u all que/ions ( nature4 ,z ,/4 ,j]ome writes3 ,! talk+ old woman1 ! dot>d1 ! g>rul\s sophi/1 all v5ture ^u1 lac]ate1 tea*1 be=e !y h le>nt4 ,o!rs1 induc$ by pride1 dive into h>d words1 & philosophate among wom5 t\*+ ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,o!rs 7oh1 %ameful67 le>n ( wom5 :at !y tea* to m54 ,i w n rank among ^! same secul> writ]s any !ologi/s :om ,i repute to be m5 ( pr(\nd le>n+ & sob] mann]s1 & !re=e hold 9 great e/eem & v5]ation2 yet x vexes me :5 !y w\ld con/ra9 sci5ce by ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures1 & yet d n consid] !mselves b\nd to answ] reason & exp]im5t4 ,x is true t !ology is ! que5 ( all ! sci5ces1 b que5 only 9 ! s5se t %e deals ) high matt]s reveal$ 9 noble ways1 & if %e condesc5ds n to /udy ! m humble matt]s ( ! inf]ior sci5ces %e ought n to arrogate to h]self ! "r to judge !m2 = ?is w\ld be z if an autocratic pr9ce1 be+ nei!r physician nor ar*itect1 %\ld und]take to adm9i/] m$ic9es & erect build+s to ! dang] ( ! lives ( 8 subjects4 ,aga91 to comm& ! pr(essors ( a/ronomy to confute _! own obs]vations is to enjo9 an impossibility1 = x is to comm& !m n to see :at !y d see1 & n to und]/& :at !y d und]/&1 & to f9d :at !y d n discov]4 ,i w\ld entreat ! wise & prud5t fa!rs to consid] ! diff]5ce betwe5 matt]s ( op9ion & matt]s ( demon/ration1 = demon/rat$ conclusions t\*+ ! ?+s ( nature & ( ! heav5s _c be *ang$ ) ! same facility z op9ions t\*+ :at is lawful 9 a contract1 b>ga91 or bill ( ex*ange4 ,y\r highness kn[s :at happ5$ to ! late pr(essor ( ma!matics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,pisa--h[1 believ+ t ! ,cop]nican doctr9e 0 false1 he />t$ to confute x1 b 9 8 /udy became conv9c$ ( its tru?4 ,9 ord] to suppress ! ,cop]nican doctr9e1 x w\ld be necess>y n only to prohibit ! book ( ,cop]nicus & ! writ+s ( au?ors :o agree ) him1 b to int]dict ! :ole sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 & ev5 to =bid m5 to look at ! sky le/ !y might see ,m>s & ,v5us at v v>y+ di/ances f ! e>?1 & discov] ,v5us at "o "t cresc5t1 at ano!r "t r\nd1 or make o!r obs]vations irreconcilable ) ! ,ptolemaic sy/em4 ,x is surely h>mful to s\ls to make x a h]esy to believe :at is prov$4 ,! prohibition ( a/ronomy w\ld be an op5 contempt ( a hundr$ texts ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* tea* u t ! glory & ! greatness ( ,almighty ,god are admirably disc]n$ 9 all ,8 works1 & div9ely read 9 ! op5 book ( ! heav5s4 ,,iii4--,,fact ,,& ,,fai? ,x may be said t ! doctr9e ( ! movem5t ( ! sun & ! fixity ( ! e>? mu/ de ,fide be held = true s9ce ! ,scriptures affirm x1 & all ! fa!rs unanim\sly accept ! scriptural words 9 _! nak$ & lit]al s5se4 ,b x 0 necess>y to assign motion to ! sun & re/ to ! e>? le/ ! %all[ m9ds ( ! vulg> %\ld be conf\nd$1 amus$1 & r5d]$ ob/9ate & contumaci\s ) reg>d to doctr9es ( fai?4 ,/4 ,j]ome writes3 ,x is ! cu/om = ! p5-m5 ( ,scripture to deliv] _! judgm5ts 9 _m ?+s accord+ to ! common receiv$ op9ion t _! times _h ( !m4 ,ev5 ,cop]nicus himself1 kn[+ ! p[] ( cu/om1 & unwill+ to create confusion 9 our compreh5sion1 cont9ues to talk ( ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun & />s & ( v>iations 9 ! obliquity ( ! zodiac4 ,:5ce x is to be not$ h[ necess>y x is to accommodate our disc\rse to our accu/om$ mann] ( und]/&+4 ,9 ! next place1 ! common cons5t ( ! fa!rs to a natural proposition %\ld au?orise x only if x h be5 discuss$ & debat$ ) all possible dilig5ce1 & ?is "q 0 9 ^? times totally buri$4 ,besides1 x is n en\gh to say t ! fa!rs accept ! ,ptolemaic doctr9e2 x is necess>y to prove t !y condemn$ ! ,cop]nican4 ,0 ! ,cop]nican doctr9e ev] =mally condemn$ z contr>y to ! ,scriptures8 ,& ,didacus1 disc\rs+ on ! ,cop]nican hypo!sis1 concludes t ! motion ( ! e>? is n contr>y to ! ,scriptures4 ,let my oppon5ts1 !re=e1 apply !mselves to exam9e ! argum5ts ( ,cop]nicus & o!rs2 & let !m n hope to f9d su* ra% & impetu\s decisions 9 ! w>y & holy fa!rs1 or 9 ! absolute wisdom ( him t _c err1 z ^? into :i* !y h suff]$ !mselves to be hurri$ by prejudice or p]sonal feel+4 ,8 hol9ess has c]ta9ly an absolute p[] ( admitt+ or condemn+ propositions n directly de ,fide1 b x is n 9 ! p[] ( any creature to make !m true or false o!rwise ?an ( _! own nature & de facto !y are4 ,9 my judgm5t x w\ld be well fir/ to exam9e ! tru? ( ! fact 7ov] :i* none ha? p[]7 be=e invok+ supreme au?ority2 = if x be n possible t a conclusion %\ld be decl>$ h]etical :ile we are n c]ta9 b t x may be true1 _! pa9s are va9 :o pret5d to condemn ! doctr9e ( ! mobility ( ! e>? & ! fixity ( ! sun1 unless !y h fir/ demon/rat$ ! doctr9e to be impossible & false4 ,let u n[ consid] h[ we may int]pret ! comm& ( ,jo%ua t ! sun %\ld /& /ill4 ,accord+ to ! ,ptolemaic sy/em1 ! sun moves f ea/ to we/ ?r\gh ! ecliptic1 & !re=e ! /&+ /ill ( ! sun w\ld %ort5 & n l5g!n ! day4 ,inde$1 9 ord] to l5g!n ! day on ?is sy/em x w\ld be necess>y n to hold ! sun1 b to accel]ate its pace ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sixty times4 ,possibly ,jo%ua us$ ! words to suit ! compreh5sion ( ! ignorant p2 possibly--z ,/4 ,augu/9e says--he comm&$ ! :ole sy/em ( ! cele/ial sph]es to /& /ill1 & 8 comm& to ! moon r confirms ?is conjecture4 ,on ! ,cop]nican sy/em int]pretation is simplifi$2 = if we consid] ! mobility ( ! sun & h[ x is 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! s\l & he>t ( ! univ]se1 x is n illogical to say t x gives n only light1 b also motion to ! bodies r\nd x4 ,9 ?is mann]1 by ! /&+ /ill ( ! sun at ,jo%ua's comm&1 ! day might be l5g!n$ )\t di/urb+ ! ord] ( ! univ]se or ! mutual positions ( ! />s4 ,?is int]pretation also expla9s ! /atem5t t ! sun /ood /ill 9 m$io coeli4 ,_h ! sun be5 9 ! middle ( ! heav5s 9 ! s5se ( ris+ & sett+1 x _h h>dly be5 necess>y to *eck its c\rse2 b 9 m$io coeli probably signifies 9 ! middle or c5tre ( ! univ]se :]e x resides4 ,i h no d\bt t o!r passages ( ! ,scriptures c\ld be likewise int]pret$ 9 accordance ) ! ,cop]nican sy/em by div9es ) k ( a/ronomy4 ,!y might say t ! ^w firmam5t v well agrees1 ad lit]am1 ) ! />ry sph]e4 ,ad lit]am1 if !y admit ! rotation ( ! e>?1 !y might und]/& its poles1 :5 x is said ,nec dum t]ram fec]at1 et flum9a1 et c>d9es orbis t]rae4 ,nor yet _h ,he creat$ ! e>?1 or ! riv]s1 or ! h+es = ! globe ( ! e>?4 ,surely c>d9es1 or h+es1 are ascrib$ to ! e>? 9 va9 if x be n to turn ^u !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,georg ,,wilhelm ,,fri$ri* ,,hegel ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,religion ,hegel's ,philosophy ( ,religion 0 publi%$ ! ye> foll[+ ! philosoph]'s dea?1 at ,b]l91 9 #ahcb2 & ! rugg$ %ape & unev5 con/ruction ( "s ( x may fairly be attribut$ to ! fact t1 z x /&s1 x is l>gely an editorial compilation4 ,su* faults1 h[ev]1 z ,dr4 ,edw>d ,caird has rem>k$1 if !y take f ! lectures z expressions ( _! au?or's m9d1 & f _! value z sci5tific treatises1 h "s comp5sat+ advantages if we reg>d !m z a means ( education 9 philosophy2 = 9 ?is po9t ( view _! v artlessness gives !m some?+ ( ! same /imulat+1 sugge/ive p[] :i* is atta9$ by ! consummate art ( ! ,platonic dialogues4 ,! importance ( ! "w is evid5c$ by ! influ5ce x has ex]cis$ ov] ! m9d ( a lat] g5]ation2 & _m read]s1 to :om ,hegel 7see ,vol4 ,,xiv7 is little m ?an a "n1 w c]ta9ly f9d "h ! s\rces ( mu* t has become famili> z an ess5tial "p ( ! religi\s atmosph]e ( a lat] day1 & ( ! apologies ( mod]n speculative !ology4 ,i4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,philosophy ,,to ,,religion ,! object ( religion is ! same z t ( philosophy2 x is ! ext]nal v]ity itself 9 its objective exi/5ce2 x is ,god--no?+ b ,god & ! unfold+ ( ,god4 ,philosophy is n ! wisdom ( ! _w1 b ! k ( ?+s :i* are n ( ?is _w4 ,x is n ! k ( ext]nal mass1 ( empirical life & exi/5ce1 b ( ! et]nal1 ( ! nature ( ,god1 & ( all :i* fl[s f ,8 nature4 ,= ?is nature ought to manife/ & develop itself4 ,consequ5tly1 philosophy 9 unfold+ religion m]ely unfolds itself1 & 9 unfold+ itself x unfolds religion4 ,9 s f> z philosophy is occupi$ ) ! et]nal tru?1 ! tru? :i* is 9 & = itself2 9 s f> z x is occupi$ ) ?is z ?9k+ _s1 r ?an 9 an arbitr>y fa%ion & 9 view ( a p>ticul> int]e/1 philosophy has ! same sph]e ( activity z has religion4 ,& if ! religi\s consci\sness aspires to aboli% all t is peculi> to itself & to be absorb$ 9 its object1 ! philosophic _s likewise plunges ) ! same en]gy into its object & r5\nces all p>ticul>ity4 ,religion & philosophy are ?us at "o 9 hav+ "o & ! same object4 ,philosophy1 9 fact1 also is ! adoration ( ,god1 x is religion2 =1 see+ t ,god is its object1 x involves ! same r5unciation ( e op9ion & e ?\ght t is arbitr>y & subjective4 ,philosophy is1 9 consequ5ce1 id5tical ) religion4 ,only x is religion 9 a peculi> mann]1 & ?is x is :i* di/+ui%es x f religion commonly s call$4 ,s philosophy & religion are bo? religion1 & t :i* di/+ui%es "o f ! o!r is no m ?an ! *>act]i/ic mode 9 :i* respectively !y consid] _! object1 ,god4 ,"h is ! difficulty ( und]/&+ h[ philosophy c make b "o ) religion1 a difficulty :i* has ev5 be5 mi/ak5 = impossibility4 ,!nce also arise ! fe>s :i* philosophy inspires 9 !ology & ! ho/ile attitudes :i* !y assume t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,:at br+s ab\t ?is attitude is1 on ! side ( !ology1 t = h] philosophy does no?+ b corrupt1 pull d[n1 & pr(ane ! cont5t ( religion1 & t %e und]/&s ,god 9 a totally diff]5t mann] f t aft] :i* religion und]/&s ,him4 ,x is ! same opposition :i* long ago among ! ,greeks caus$ a free & democratic p l ! ,a!nians to burn books & to condemn ,socrates4 ,9 our own day1 h[ev]1 ?is opposition is consid]$ a ?+ :i* x is natural to admit--m natural inde$ ?an ! o!r op9ion conc]n+ ! unity ( religion & philosophy4 ,div]se religions (f] u1 x is true1 only too (t5 ! mo/ biz>re & mon/r\s repres5tations ( ! div9e ess5ce4 ,b we mu/ n conf9e ourselves to a sup]ficial consid]ation & consequ5t rejection ( ^! repres5tations & ! religi\s practices :i* foll[ ^u !m z be+ eng5d]$ by sup]/ition1 by error1 or by impo/ure1 or ev5 by a simple piety1 & s neglect _! ess5tial value4 ,!re is ne$ to discov] 9 ^! repres5tations & 9 ^! practices _! relation ) tru?4 ,,ii4--,,god ,,! ,,univ]sal ,= u1 :o h religion1 ,god is a famili> be+1 a sub/antial tru? exi/+ 9 our subjective consci\sness4 ,b1 sci5tifically consid]$1 ,god is a g5]al & ab/ract t]m4 ,! philosophy ( religion x is :i* develops & grasps ! div9e nature & :i* tea*es u :at ,god is4 ,god is a famili> idea1 b an idea :i* has /ill to be sci5tifically develop$4 ,! result ( philosophic exam9ation is t ,god is ! absolute tru?1 ! univ]sal 9 & = itself1 embrac+ all ?+s & 9 :i* all ?+s subsi/4 ,& 9 reg>d to ?is ass]tion1 we may appeal 9 ! fir/ place to ! religi\s consci\sness1 & to its conviction t ,god is ! absolute tru? :5ce all ?+s proce$1 :i!r !y all return1 ^u :i* all ?+s dep5d1 & 9 respect ( :i* no?+ c possess a true & absolute indep5d5ce4 ,! he>t may v well be full ( ?is repres5tation ( ,god1 b sci5ce is n built up ( :at is 9 ! he>t4 ,! object ( sci5ce is t :i* has aris5 to ! level ( consci\sness1 & ( ?9k+ consci\sness t is1 9 o!r words1 t :i* has atta9$ to ! =m ( ?\ght4 ,9 s mu* z ,he is ! univ]sal1 ,god is1 = u1 9 relation to developm5t1 ,be+ enclos$ 9 itself1 ,be+ at unity ) itself4 ,:5 we say ,god is ,be+ enclos$ 9 itself1 we enunciate a proposition :i* is b\nd to a developm5t :i* we await4 ,b ?is envelopm5t ( ,god 9 ,himself :i* we h call$ ,8 univ]sality we mu/ n conceive1 relatively to ,god ,himself & ,8 cont5t1 z an ab/ract univ]sality1 outside ( :i*1 & z oppos$ to :i*1 ! p>ticul> has an indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,s we mu/ consid] ?is univ]sal z an absolutely concrete univ]sal4 ,?is s5se ( fulness is ! s5se 9 :i* ,god is "o1 & !re is b "o ,god--t is to say1 ,god is n "o m]ely by contra/ ) o!r gods1 b because x is ,he t is ! ,"o1 t is1 ,god4 ,! ?+s :i* are1 ! developm5ts ( ! worlds ( nature & ( m9d1 %[ a multiplicity ( =ms & an inf9ite v>iety ( exi/5ces4 ,b :atev] may be _! diff]5ce ( degree1 ( =ce1 ( cont5t1 ^! ?+s h no true indep5d5ce2 _! be+ is consequ5t1 &1 s to speak1 cont+5t4 ,:5 we pr$icate be+ ( p>ticul> ?+s1 x is n ( ,be+ :i* is absolute t we speak--,be+ ( & f itself2 t is1 ,god--b a borr[$ be+1 a semblance ( be+4 ,god 9 ,8 univ]sality--t is1 ?is univ]sal ,be+ :i* has no limit1 no b\nds1 no p>ticul>ity--is a ,be+ :i* subsi/s absolutely1 & :i* subsi/s alone2 all else :i* subsi/s has its root 9 ?is unity1 & by ?is alone subsi/s4 ,9 ?us repres5t+ to ourselves ?is fir/ cont5t we may say t ,god is absolute sub/ance1 ! only v]itable reality4 ,= n ev]y?+ :i* has a reality has a reality ( its own1 or subsi/s by itself4 ,god is ! only absolute reality1 & !reby ! absolute sub/ance4 ,if we /op at ?is ab/ract ?\ght we h ,sp9ozism1 = 9 ,sp9ozism subjectivity is n yet diff]5tiat$ f sub/antiality1 f sub/ance z su*4 ,b 9 ! presupposition j made !re is also ?is ?\ght--,god is _s1 absolute & et]nal2 _s :i* comes n =? f itself 9 diff]5tiation4 ,?is ideality1 ?is subjectivity ( _s1 :i* is transp>5cy1 ideality exclud+ all p>ticul> det]m9ation1 is precisely ! univ]sal1 pure relation to self1 ,be+ :i* rema9s absolutely )9 itself4 ,if we halt at sub/ance1 we fail to grasp ?is univ]sal "u its concrete =m4 ,9 its concrete det]m9ation _s always pres]ves its unity1 ?is unity ( its reality :i* we call sub/ance4 ,b "o %\ld add t ?is sub/antiality1 ! unity ( ! absolute reality ) itself1 is b ! f\ndation1 b a mom5t 9 ! det]m9ation ( ,god z _s4 ,h5ce1 pr9cipally1 arises ! reproa* :i* is direct$ aga9/ philosophy--to wit1 t philosophy1 to be consi/5t ) itself1 is necess>ily ,sp9ozism1 & consequ5tly a!ism & fatalism4 ,b at ! beg9n+ we h n yet det]m9ations di/+ui%$ "o f ano!r z aye & nay4 ,we h ! "o b n ! o!r4 ,consequ5tly1 :at we h "h is1 to />t )1 cont5t "u ! =m ( sub/ance4 ,ev5 :5 we say1 ,god1 _s1 we h only words1 indet]m9ate repres5tations4 ,! ess5tial po9t is to "k :at has be5 produc$ 9 ! consci\sness4 ,& t is1 fir/1 ! simple1 ! ab/ract4 ,"h1 9 ?is fir/ simple det]m9ation1 we h ,god only "u ! =m ( univ]sality4 ,only we d n halt at ?is mom5t4 ,nev]!less1 ?is cont5t rema9s ! f\ndation ( all fur!r developm5ts1 = 9 ^! developm5ts ,god comes n =? f ,8 unity4 ,:5 ,god creates ! _w--to use ! expression ( e day--!re comes n into exi/5ce an evil1 a contr>y1 exi/+ 9 itself indep5d5tly ( ,god4 ,,iii4--,,god ,,exi/s ,,= ,,?\ght ,?is ,beg9n+ is an object = u or a cont5t 9 u4 ,we possess ?is object4 ,imm$iately ! "q arises1 ,:o are we8 ,we1 ,i1 _s--"h also is a complex be+1 a multipli$ be+4 ,i h p]ceptions2 ,i see1 ,i he>1 etc4 ,see+1 he>+2 all ?is is ,i4 ,consequ5tly1 ! precise s5se ( ?is "q is1 ,:i* among ^! det]m9ations is x 9 accordance ) :i* ?is cont5t exi/s = our m9ds8 ,idea1 w1 imag9ation1 feel+--:i* is ! seat1 ! prop] doma9 ( ?is cont5t1 ( ?is object8 ,if we accept ! common answ]s to ?is "q1 ,god w abide 9 u z ! object ( fai?1 ( feel+1 ( repres5tation1 ( k4 ,we %all h to exam9e m closely lat] on 9 a special fa%ion ) respect to ?is po9t1 ^! =ms1 faculties1 aspects ( ourselves4 ,9 ?is place we %all n seek a reply to ?is "q2 nor %all we say1 bas+ our answ] on exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 t ,god is 9 our feel+1 etc4 ,b1 to beg9 )1 we w conf9e ourselves to :at we h actually be=e u1 to ?is ,"o1 to ?is univ]sal1 to ?is concrete ,be+4 ,if we take ?is ,"o1 & ask = :at p[]1 = :at activity ( our m9d does ?is ,"o1 ?is absolutely univ]sal ,be+1 exi/1 we _c b "n ! "o activity ( m9d :i* corresponds to x z con/itut+ its prop] natural doma94 ,?is activity1 :i* corresponds to ! univ]sal1 is ?\ght4 ,?\ght is ! field 9 :i* ?is cont5t moves2 x is ! en]gis+ ( ! univ]sal1 or ! univ]sal 9 ! reality ( its activity4 ,or1 if we say t ?\ght embraces ! univ]sal1 t = :i* ! univ]sal is w /ill be ?\ght4 ,?is univ]sal :i* c be produc$ by ?\ght1 & :i* is = ?\ght1 may be a q ab/ract univ]sal4 ,9 ?is s5se x is ! unlimit$1 ! inf9ite1 ! be+ )\t b\nds1 )\t p>ticul> det]m9ation4 ,?is univ]sal1 negative to beg9 )1 has its seat n else:]e ?an 9 ?\ght4 ,to ?9k ( ,god is to rise above ! ?+s ( s5se1 ext]ior & individual1 above simple feel+ into ! region ( pure be+2 be+ at unity ) itself--t is to say1 into ! pure region ( ! univ]sal4 ,& ?is region is ?\ght4 ,su* is ! sub/ratum = ?is cont5t consid]$ on ! subjective side4 ,"h ! cont5t is t ,be+ 9 :i* is no diff]5ce1 no s*ism2 ,be+ :i* abides 9 itself1 ! univ]sal2 & ?\ght is ! =m = :i* ?is univ]sal is4 ,?us we h a diff]5ce betwe5 ?\ght & ! univ]sal :i* we h call$ ,god4 ,x is a diff]5ce :i* 9 ! fir/ place belongs only to our reflection1 & is by no means to be f\nd 9 ! cont5t on its own acc\nt4 ,!re is ! result to :i* philosophy comes--a result already compris$ 9 religion z "u ! =m ( fai?--to wit1 t ,god is ! sole v]itable reality1 ! ,be+ )\t :i* no o!r reality w\ld exi/4 ,9 ! unity ( ?is reality1 9 ?is cl\dless %9+1 ! reality & ! di/9ction :i* we call ?9k+-be+ h z yet no place4 ,:at we h be=e u is ?is absolute unity4 ,?is cont5t1 ?is det]m9ation we _c yet call religion because to religion belongs subjective _s consci\sness4 ,?\ght is ! seat ( ?is univ]sal1 b ?is seat is1 to beg9 )1 absorb$ 9 ?is be+ :i* is "o1 et]nal1 9 & = itself4 ,?is univ]sal con/itutes ! beg9n+ & ! po9t ( dep>ture1 b only z unity :i* s abides4 ,x is n a m]e sub/ratum :5ce diff]5ces are born2 r1 all diff]5ces are includ$ 9 ?is univ]sal4 ,no m is x an ab/ract & in]t univ]sal1 b ! absolute pr9ciple ( all activity1 ! matrix1 ! inf9ite s\rce :5ce all ?+s proce$1 :i!r all ?+s return1 & 9 :i* !y are et]nally pres]v$4 ,?us ! univ]sal is nev] sep>at$ f ?is e!real elem5t1 f ?is ,unity ) itself1 ?is conc5tration )9 itself4 ,,iv4--,,:at ,,is ,,evil8 ,z ! univ]sal1 ,god c\ld n f9d ,himself fac$ by a contr>y :]e( ! reality %\ld pret5d to rise above ! phantasmal level4 ,= ?is pure unity & ?is p]fect transp>5cy matt] is no?+ imp5etrable1 & _s1 ! ego1 is n s indep5d5t z to possess a true1 individual1 sub/antiality ( its own4 ,!re has be5 a t5d5cy to label ?is idea pan!ism4 ,x w\ld be m exact to call x ! conception ( sub/antiality4 ,god is fir/ det]m9$ z sub/ance only4 ,! absolute subject _s is also sub/ance2 b x is det]m9$ r z subject4 ,?is is ! diff]5ce g5]ally ignor$ by ^? :o ass]t t speculative philosophy is pan!ism4 ,z usual1 !y miss ! ess5tial po9t & disp>age philosophy by falsify+ x4 ,pan!ism is commonly tak5 to mean t ,god is all ?+s--! :ole1 ! univ]se1 ! collection ( all exi/5ces1 ( ?+s inf9ite & inf9itely div]se4 ,f :i* notion ! *>ge is br\ght aga9/ philosophy t x tea*es t all ?+s are ,god2 t is to say1 t ,god is1 n ! univ]sal :i* is 9 & = itself1 b ! inf9ite multiplicity ( individual ?+s 9 _! empirical & imm$iate exi/5ce4 ,if y say ,god is all t is "h1 ?is pap]1 etc41 y h inde$ committ$ y\rself to ! pan!ism ) :i* philosophy is reproa*$2 t is1 ! :ole is und]/ood z equival5t to all individual ?+s4 ,b !re is also ! g5us1 :i* is equally ! univ]sal1 yet is :olly diff]5t f ?is totality 9 :i* ! univ]sal is b ! collection ( individual ?+s1 & ! basis1 ! cont5t1 is con/itut$ by ^! ?+s !mselves4 ,to say t !re has ev] be5 a religion :i* has taught ?is pan!ism is to say :at is absolutely untrue4 ,x has nev] ent]$ any man's m9d t ev]y?+ is ,god2 t is to say1 t ,god is ?+s 9 _! individual & cont+5t exi/5ce4 ,f> less has philosophy ev] taught ?is doctr9e4 ,sp9ozism itself1 z su*1 z well z ,ori5tal pan!ism1 conta9s ?is doctr9e3 t ! div9e 9 all ?+s is no m ?an t :i* is univ]sal 9 _! cont5t1 _! ess5ce2 & 9 su* s5se t ?is ess5ce is conceiv$ ( z a det]m9ate ess5ce4 ,:5 ,brahma says1 ,9 ! metal ,i am ! brightness ( its %9+2 among ! riv]s ,i am ! ,ganges2 ,i am ! life ( all t lives1 he !reby suppresses ! individual4 ,he says n1 ,i am ! metal1 ! riv]s1 ! individual ?+s ( v>i\s k9ds z su*1 nor 9 ! fa%ion ( _! imm$iate exi/5ce4 ,"h1 at ?is /age1 :at is express$ is no long] pan!ism2 b r t ( ! ess5ce 9 individual ?+s4 ,9 ! liv+ be+ are "t & space4 ,b 9 ?is individual be+ x is only ! *angeless elem5t t is made to /& out4 ,! life ( be+ t lives is 9 ?is latt] sph]e ( life ! unlimit$1 ! univ]sal4 ,b if x be said ,god is all ?+s1 "h we und]/& individuality ) all its limitations1 its f9ity1 its pass+ exi/5ce4 ,?is notion ( pan!ism arises out ( ! conception ( unity1 n z spiritual unity b ab/ract unity2 & !n1 :5 ! idea takes its religi\s =m1 :]e only ! sub/ance1 ! ,"o1 is possess$ ( true reality1 !re is a t5d5cy to =get t x is precisely 9 pres5ce ( ?is unity t individual & f9ite ?+s are effac$1 & to cont9ue to place ^! 9 a mat]ial fa%ion side by side ) ?is unity4 ,!y w n admit ! tea*+ ( ! ,eleatics1 :o1 :5 !y say ,!re is only ,"o1 add expressly t non-entity is n4 ,all t is f9ite w\ld be limitation1 a negation ( ! ,"o1 b non-entity1 ! b\nd>y1 t]m1 limit1 & t :i* is limit$1 exi/ n at all4 ,sp9ozism has be5 accus$ ( a!ism4 ,b ,sp9ozism does n tea* t ,god is ! _w1 t ,he is all ?+s4 ,?+s h inde$ a ph5om5al exi/5ce--t is1 an exi/5ce z appe>ances4 ,we speak ( our exi/5ce1 & our life is inde$ compris$ 9 ?is exi/5ce1 b to speak philosophically ! _w has no reality1 x has no exi/5ce4 ,individual ?+s are f9ite ?+s to :i* no reality c be attribut$2 x may be said ( !m t !y h no exi/5ce4 ,sp9ozism--?is is ! accusation direct$ aga9/ x--involves by way ( consequ5ce t1 if all ?+s make b "o1 good & evil make b "o2 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 & !reby all religion is de/roy$4 ,9 !mselves1 x is said !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil2 consequ5tly x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r "o be righte\s or wick$4 ,x may be grant$ t 9 !mselves--t is1 9 ,god1 :o is ! sole v]itable reality--! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil disappe>s4 ,9 ,god !re is no evil4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil c exi/ only on condition t ,god is ! evil4 ,b x _c be all[$ t evil is an affirmative ?+1 & t ?is affirmation is 9 ,god4 ,god is good1 & no?+ else ?an good2 ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil is n pres5t 9 ?is unity1 9 ?is sub/ance1 & comes into exi/5ce only ) diff]5tiation4 ,god is unity abid+ absolutely 9 itself4 ,9 ! sub/ance !re is no diff]5tiation4 ,! di/9ction ( good & evil beg9s ) ! di/9ction ( ,god f ! _w1 & p>ticul>ly f man4 ,x is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,sp9ozism ) reg>d to ?is di/9ction ( ,god & ! _w t man mu/ h no o!r end ?an ,god4 ,! love ( ,god1 !re=e1 x is t ,sp9ozism m>ks out = man z ! law to be foll[$ 9 ord] to br+ ab\t ! heal+ ( ?is brea*4 ,& x is ! l(tie/ morality t tea*es t evil has no exi/5ce & t man is n b\nd to p]mit ! sub/antial exi/5ce ( ?is di/9ction1 ?is negation4 ,yet x is possible = him to desire to ma9ta9 ! diff]5ce & ev5 to pu% x to ! po9t ( %e] opposition to ,god1 :o is ! univ]sal1 self-conta9$ & self-suffic+4 ,9 ?is case man is evil4 ,b1 alt]natively1 he may annul ?is di/9ction & place 8 true exi/5ce 9 ,god alone & 9 8 aspiration t[>ds ,him2 & 9 ?is case he is good4 ,9 ,sp9ozism !re is inde$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil1 opposition betwe5 ,god & man2 b side by side ) x we h also ! pr9ciple t evil is to be deem$ a non-entity4 ,9 ,god z ,god1 9 ,god z sub/ance1 !re is no di/9ction4 ,x is = man t ! di/9ction exi/s1 z also = him exi/s ! di/9ction ( good & evil4 ,v4--,,! ,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,unity ,! sup]ficial me?od ( apprais+ philosophy is exemplifi$ also 9 ^? :o ass]t t x is a sy/em ( id5tity4 ,x is p]fectly true t sub/ance is ?is unity at "o ) itself1 b _s no less is ?is self-id5tity4 ,ultimately1 all is id5tity1 unity ) itself4 ,b :5 !y speak ( ! philosophy ( id5tity !y h 9 view ab/ract id5tity or unity 9 g5]al2 & !y neglect ! ess5tial po9t1 to wit1 ! det]m9ation ( ?is unity 9 itself2 9 o!r words1 !y omit to consid] :e!r ?is unity is det]m9$ z sub/ance or z _s4 ,philosophy f beg9n+ to end is no?+ else ?an ! /udy ( det]m9ations ( unity4 ,9 ! sph]e ( ! ,notion _m unities are compris$4 ,! comb9ation ( wat] & e>? is a unity1 b ?is unity is mixture4 ,if we br+ toge!r a base & an acid1 we h z ! result a cry/al2 also wat]2 b wat] :i* _c be disc]n$ & :i* gives no trace ( humidity4 ,"h ! unity ( ! wat] & ( ?is matt] is a unity diff]5t f ! mixture ( wat] & e>?4 ,! ess5tial po9t is ! diff]5ce ( ^! det]m9ations4 ,! unity ( ,god is always unity1 b :at is ( prim>y importance is to "k ! modes & =ms ( ! det]m9ation ( ?is unity4 ,manife/ation1 developm5t1 det]m9ation d n g on to inf9ity1 nor yet d !y /op accid5tally4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( its true developm5t ! ,notion completes its c\rse by a return ^u itself1 :]eby x has atta9$ ! reality adequate to x4 ,s x is t ! manife/ation is inf9ite 9 nature1 t ! cont5t is adequate to ! ,notion ( _s1 & t ! ph5om5al _w exi/s1 l _s1 9 & = itself4 ,9 religion1 ! ,notion ( religion has become its own object4 ,_s :i* is 9 & = itself has n[ no long] 9 its developm5t individual =ms & det]m9ations1 x kn[s itself no long] z _s 9 su* det]m9ability or su* a limit$ mom5t2 b x has triumph$ ov] ^! limitations & ?is f9it5ess1 & is = itself t :i* also x is 9 itself4 ,?is cognisance 9 :i* _s is = itself :at x is 9 itself con/itutes ! 9-&-= ( _s :i* is 9 possession ( k1 ! p]fect & absolute religion1 9 :i* is reveal$ :at _s is1 :at ,god is4 ,t is ! ,*ri/ian religion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,h9duism ,,! ,,v$anta ,,sutras ,h9duism1 ?\gh usually und]/ood to include ,brahmanism 7q4v471 is1 9 fact1 a lat] developm5t ( x4 ,its c5tral doctr9e is ! tr9ity1 or ,trimurti1 :i* embraces ! ?ree-fold manife/ation ( ! god-head z ,brahma1 ! "o supreme be+1 ! ,creator2 ,vi%nu ! ,pres]v]2 & ,siva ! ,de/roy]4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal books ( ,h9duism are ! ,v$anta ,sutras1 ! ,puranas1 & ! ,tantras1 ( :i* only ! fir/ is epitomis$ "h4 ,! ,sutras are ! e>lie/4 ,! ,v$anta 7lit]ally goal or issue ( ! ,v$a7 is a purely pan!i/ic & mona/ic philosophical sy/em1 & by f> ! mo/ preval5t 9 ,mod]n ,india4 ,x is ascrib$ to ,bad>ayana1 sometimes call$ ,vyasa1 ?\gh ?is la/ is really a g5]ic "n d5ot+ a collector4 ,! ^w sutra d5otes lit]ally ?reads1 & is us$ by ,brahmanic writ]s = %ort1 dry s5t5ces1 brief expositions4 ,v$anta ,sutras means lit]ally comp5di\s expressions ( ! ,v$antic 7n ,v$ic7 doctr9e4 ,! second great division ( ,h9du sacr$ lit]ature is ! ,puranas1 ! la/ & mo/ mod]n ( ! books ( ,h9duism4 ,! ^w ,purana means old1 & 9 anci5t ,sanscrit writ+s x has ! same mean+ z our cosmology4 ,! ,puranas1 h[ev]1 are ill-arrang$ collections ( !ological & philosophical reflections1 my?s & leg5ds1 ritual1 & ascetic rules4 ,!y dep5d v mu* on ! two great epics1 especially ! ,mahabh>ata4 ,! ,sanscrit writ+s call$ ,tantras are really manuals ( religion1 ( magic1 & ( c\nt]-*>ms1 ) songs 9 praise ( ,sakti1 ! female side ( ,siva4 ,,introductory ,! ,v$anta is sometimes call$ ! ,mimamsa 7 philosophical reflections74 ,! aphorisms ( :i* ! ,v$anta ,sutras consi/ are 9 !mselves almo/ z un9telligible z ! ,confucian ,book ( ,*anges1 ! compil] hav+ be5 only too successful 9 aid+ ! memory ( ! ,h9du /ud5t by a sy/em ( multum 9 p>vo4 ,x is usual to accept ! int]pretation put on ! ,sutras by ! ,sanscrit comm5tator ,sank>a1 commonly call$ ,sank>a ,k>ya1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #gjj4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m o!r comm5t>ies1 notably t ( ,ramanuga4 ,george ,?ibaut1 9 ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/ 7vols4 #cd1 #ch1 & #dh71 gives ! int]pretation ( ,sank>a1 & also t ( ,ramanuga :5 x diff]s ess5tially4 ,on ! :ole x may be said t ,sank>a is a ?or\gh-go+ ,v$anti/ & pan!i/4 ,ramanuga1 on ! o!r h&1 has lean+s t[>ds ! dualism ( ! ,sankhya philosophy1 & endeav\rs to make ! ,v$anta ,sutras support 8 op9ions4 ,! ,v$anta ,sutras embrace five hundr$ & fifty-five aphorisms1 or ,sutras1 arrang$ 9 f\r books 7,adhyay71 ea* hav+ f\r-*apt]s 7,pada71 ! *apt]s be+ sev]ally divid$ into sections 7,adhik>ana74 ,^! ,sutras are ( ! utmo/ importance1 z ne>ly all ,h9du sects base _! belief & practices on !m4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! ,sutras =m a collection1 & t !y are ! "w ( _m h&s1 & belong to diff]5t p]iods4 ,,book ,i4--,,brahman1 ,,! ,,sum ,,& ,,sub/ance ,,( ,,ev]y?+ ,! ego & ! non-ego diff] 9 !mselves & 9 _! attributes4 ,x w be f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! non-ego dep5ds on ! ego1 & is its product4 ,individual s\ls1 on ! o!r h&1 repres5t+ s _m egos1 are !mselves b manife/ations ( ! supreme univ]sal s\l--,brahman2 t is1 ,brahman & ! ,atman ! individual s\l are id5tical1 ! latt] be+ ! product ( ! self-reveal+ ( ! =m]4 ,) ?is "o may comp>e ! ontological ideas ( ,plato1 ! absolute sub/ance ( ,sp9oza1 & ! absolute idea ( ,hegel2 all ( !m /&+ = ! ,"o only exi/+ ,be+ :i* manife/s itself to ?\ght & to s5se 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,:at1 !n1 asks ! ,v$anti/1 is ,brahman8 ,! ^w comes f brih1 to be great4 ,h5ce ,brahman is some?+1 or someone1 transc5d5tly great4 ,! ^w may be def9$ z connot+ t :5ce all ?+s proce$4 ,?is implies absolute1 unorig9at$ orig91 absolute subsi/5ce1 & also reabsorption1 = z all ?+s g =? f ,brahman1 s %all all ?+s return to t :5ce !y />t$ =?4 ,! ,scriptures ,v$as lay mo/ /ress on ,brahman z ! s\rce & orig9 ( all ?+s4 ,:at qualities !re are 9 ! _w inh]e 9 ,brahman1 or !y c\ld n be 9 ! _w :i* has sprung f him4 ,!re c\ld be no intellig5t s\ls )\t a previ\sly exi/+ intellig5t ,brahman4 ,t ,brahman1 ! ,supreme ,be+1 is all-kn[+ is prov$ f ! fact t ! ,v$a itself1 ! s\rce & c5tre ( :at is kn[able1 proce$s f ,him z its "o1 only au?or4 ,?is ,brahman1 z set =? 9 ! ,v$anta texts z ! cause ( ! _w1 is !re=e intellig5t1 & by no means to be id5tifi$ ) ! non-intellig5t ,pradhna 7,prakriti7 :i* ! ,sankhya a!i/ic philosophy makes to be ! _w's cause4 ,:at looks l a sep>ate1 consci\s1 individual s\l or m9d is really b ! outwork+ ( ,brahman1 ! highe/ & fir/ ( be+s4 ,! diff]5ce is app>5t1 b n real4 ,s tea*es ,sank>a2 b 8 rival comm5tator1 ,ramanuga1 endeav\rs to %[ t ,brahman1 ! supreme self ( ! univ]se1 is absolutely free f ! effects ( conduct4 ,b ! individual selves1 :i* we call s\ls1 are n1 = x is ! effect ( conduct 9 a previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce ,k>ma t decides ! "* & =m ( ! new life to be liv$1 or :e!r !re is to be a new life liv$ at all1 s9ce conduct suffici5tly good entitles to absorption 9 ! "o all--,brahman4 ,x may be object$ t ,brahman _c be ! creator ( ?is actual _w1 = !re is 9 x suff]+1 inju/ice1 & cruelty4 ,he c\ld n be ! au?or ( ^!4 ,to :i* ! comm5tator ,sank>a answ]s3 ,brahman is himself1 ) all 8 greatness1 subject to ! op]ation ( ! great moral laws accord+ to :i* virtue is rew>d$ & vice puni%$4 ,all m5 are free1 & x is _! self-*os5 conduct t det]m9es _! de/9y4 ,?is is a law t p]vades all exi/5ce1 conditions exi/5ce1 & )\t :i* !re c\ld be no exi/5ce4 ,x may be aga9 ask$3 ,h[ c a be+ ) p]fect life produce a _w t is lifeless8 ,9 o!r words1 ,h[ c ! effect diff] f its cause8 ,! same comm5tator replies3 ,j z lifeless hair c gr[ out ( a liv+ man4 ,aga91 x is said1 ,9 ! univ]se ,brahman is at once he :o enjoys & he :o is enjoy$4 ,h[ c he be bo? "o & ! o!r--ag5t & object8 ,to :i* ,sank>a replies3 ,x is z possible = ^! two to g toge!r z = ! ocean to be itself & to be at ! same "t foam1 waves1 bill[s1 & bubbles4 ,! same e>? produces diamonds1 rock cry/al1 & v]milion4 ,d !y diff] f ! e>?8 ,! same sun causes plants ( v>i\s k9ds to gr[1 & ! v same n\ri%m5t tak5 into ! body is *ang$ to fle%1 hair1 nails1 etc4 ,! spid] sp9s its web f its own sub/ance1 & spirits assume _m =ms :5 !y appe> on ! e>?4 ,all ^! are b images ( ! et]nal _w-process by :i* ,brahman reveals ,himself 9 s\ls & 9 mat]ial objects4 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,k ,,inaccessible ,,to ,,l[ ,,ca/e ,,m5 ,no ,sudra or l[e/ ca/e man is capable ( su* k z leads to ,brahmanhood ! /ate ( be+ absorb$ 9 ,brahman4 ,only ! twice-born#ab are all[$ to /udy ! ,v$ic ,scriptures1 a k ( :i* is ess5tial to salvation4 ,! twice-born are likewise alone p]mitt$ to (f] sacrifice1 = h[ c a man sacrifice aright :o is ignorant ( ! sacr$ scriptures1 :i* are alone adequate = a man's guidance8 ,if ! ,sudras1 or f\r?-ca/e m51 are exclud$ f ! summum bonum ( humanity--absorption 9 ! "o great all--h[ mu* m are ,p>iahs1 or non-ca/e m51 depriv$ ( ?is great boon6 ,brahman is ! mat]ial1 z well z ! effici5t1 cause ( ! _w1 :i* spr+s f him by way ( modification1 b is 8 manife/$ self & no?+ m4 ,,book ,,ii4--,,objections ,,to ,,v$antic ,,doctr9es ,,/at$ ,,& ,,refut$ ,! ,v$anta texts1 ! ,v$as & ! ,upani%ads1 tea* t ,brahman is ! "o only s\rce ( :atev] exi/s outside himself2 t 8 nature is n only mighty1 b also intellig5t4 ,! evid5ce = ?is suppli$ 9 ,book ,i4 is1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! au?ority ( ! above texts2 t :i* !y say mu/ be accept$ z gospel1 :atev] human reason may see or say to ! contr>y4 ,book ,,ii4 beg9s by /at+ & answ]+ speculative objections on ! "p ( ,sankhyai/s4 ,?\gh himself intellig5ce 7n m]ely intellig5t7 ,brahman may give bir? to a non-intellig5t _w1 see+ t l does n always spr+ f l see above4 ,atomi/s hold t !re is app>5t diff]5ce & sep>at5ess 9 ?+s4 ,:]e1 !n1 !y ask1 is ! on5ess1 ! monism1 = :i* ! ,v$anti/s argue8 ,x is repli$ t x is only sup]ficial ?\ght t fixes itself ^u ! manifoldness ( ?+s1 los+ sight ( _! on5ess4 ,deep] ?\ght sees und]nea? ! _m a on5ess :i* b9ds !m1 & ( :i* !y are only ! outw>d expressions4 ,! great ocean is "o1 b its waves & ripples are _m4 ,all at bottom is b "o3 ! ,univ]sal ,be+4 ,a non-intellig5t fir/ cause 7,prakriti71 su* z ! ,sankhyai/s po/ulate1 c\ld nev] call into be+ an ord]ly _w1 = h[ c\ld unreason produce reason8 ,nor c\ld atoms set 9 motion produce a plann$ or intellig5t univ]se1 z ! ,atomi/s falsely say4 ,!re mu/ be an intellig5t p[] controll+ ! atoms & contemplat+ ! result to be atta9$4 ,! view put =? by ! ,sankhya philosoph]s1 t an ext]nal & int]nal _w exi/s 9 mutual indep5d5ce1 is contr>y to ?\ght & exp]i5ce--is1 9 fact1 un?9kable4 ,we "k no ext]nal _w3 we h nev] _h any exp]i5ce outside ! region ( our own consci\sness2 yet :at is reg>d$ z ext]nal to ! individual consci\sness is n ,maya1 z is taught 9 "s ( ! ,upani%ads1 & ma9ta9$ by lat] philosoph]s4 ,?is ext]nal _w z a fact ( consci\sness is z real z t consci\sness & z ! individual m9d :i* makes m5tal exp]i5ce possible1 & is ! great ,all1 ( :i* ! individual m9d is ! work+ & manife/ation4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,brahman ,,to ,,elem5ts ,,& ,,! ,,s\l ,are ! elem5t>y sub/ances 7e!r1 air1 etc7 co-et]nal1 ) ,brahman1 or d !y issue f him8 ,x c be %[n1 & is %[n1 t "o elem5t>y sub/ance proce$s f ano!r 7e4g41 air f e!r71 & t 9 ! la/ resort all su* sub/ances h come =? f ,brahman1 :o has n only produc$ !m1 b also guid$ & effect$ _! evolution4 ,! individual s\l is1 accord+ to ! scriptures ,v$as & ,upani%ads1 et]nal & p]man5t1 & has n be5 produc$ by ,brahman2 :o is1 h[ev]1 z not$1 ! produc] ( ! elem5t>y sub/ances4 ,l ,brahman himself1 ! individual s\l is uncreat$ & et]nal4 ,:at is 9 "t & belongs to "t is ! connection ( ! s\l ) ! conditions ( space & "t4 ,?is is ! int]pretation giv5 by ,sank>a4 ,ramanuga1 h[ev]1 holds t ! s\l is a creature ( ,brahman1 ?\gh an et]nal "o1 x hav+ exi/$ ev] z a mode ( ! great ,all comp>e ! doctr9e ( ! et]nal procession ( ! ,son4 ,,:at ,,is ,,s\l8 ,:at is s\l8 ,x is gna1 or k4 ,! etymology ( bo? ^! latt] words is id5tical--comp>e ,greek gnosco1 etc4 ,?is means1 accord+ to ,sank>a1 t k is ( ! v ess5ce ( s\l1 & n a m]e attribute ( x4 ,! s\l is n m]ely a kn[] 7gnatri71 b x is k4 ,ramanuga1 on ! o!r h&1 expla9s t ! k spok5 ( 9 ?is ,sutra means ! kn[]2 t ! s\l is n k1 b t :i* c & does "k4 ,is ! s\l limit$ 9 size1 & capable1 !re=e1 ( occupy+ b a re/rict$ space8 ,or is x1 on ! contr>y1 omnipres5t8 ,sank>a ma9ta9s t ! ,sutra 9 "q tea*es ! latt]2 ! s\l is ev]y:]e4 ,ramanuga makes ! same ,sutra tea* ! v contr>y4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,sutra 9 "q seems to tea* bo? ^! contradictory doctr9es1 p]haps because x regi/]s diff]5t traditions4 ,sank>a1 h[ev]1 expla9s fur!r on t z long z ! s\l is pass+ ?r\gh ! *anges involv$ 9 ,sams>a transmigration x is limit$ & local1 b on rea*+ ,brahmanhood x becomes omnipres5t4 ,9 ?is way ! great comm5tator seeks to reconcile tea*+ app>5tly contradictory 9 ?is ,sutra4 ,is ?is s\l an ag5t8 ,"s ( ! ,sutras say x is1 o!rs say x is n4 ,h[ are ! conflict+ /atem5ts to be reconcil$8 ,sank>a does ?is 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,z long z ! s\l is ti$ d[n to mat]ial conditions--t is1 is pass+ ?r\gh ! processes ( ,sams>a--x is an ag5t4 ,b z soon z x has escap$ f ?is bondage ( transmigration x dwells 9 a /ate ( p]fect repose1 inactive & re/ful4 ,9 all its activities ! s\l is prompt$ by ,brahman1 )\t ^: inspiration & guidance ! s\l c\ld p]=m no?+1 & c\ld nev]1 !re=e1 rea* ! true goal ( all s\ls1 absorption 9 ! "o ,all1 :i* c be obta9$ 9 no o!r way ?an by ! p]=mance ( good de$s1 :i* means action4 ,,book ,,iii4--,,( ,,! ,,s\l ,,& ,,its ,,summum ,,bonum ,:5 at dea? ! s\l passes f ! body its subtle mat]ial elem5ts /ill cl+ to x4 ,good s\ls pass on to ! moon1 :5ce !y aft]w>ds desc5d 9 a =m & /ate det]m9$ by _! =m] actions ,k>ma4 ,if ! previ\s life has be5 a moral failure1 ! new life n[ ent]$ ^u w belong to a l[] level ( be+1 i4e41 ! man may become an animal1 ! high]1 animal may become a l[] "o4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re may be an asc5t 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,:5 ! s\l is a-dream+1 :at x ?9ks x sees & he>s1 etc41 is all illusion1 = x does n see or he>1 etc41 :at x ?9ks x does4 ,9 a /ate ( pr(\nd dream9ess ! s\l leaves ! body & lives 9 close fell[%ip ) ,brahman4 ,h[ is ! s\l to obta9 f9al release f ! ?raldom ( mat]ial conditions8 ,by m$itat+ on ,brahman z he is set =? 9 ! sacr$ scriptures4 ,brahman mu/ be ?\ght ab\t & m$itat$ on 9 all 8 attributes1 & ?is produces id5tity ) ! "o great self ( exi/5ce4 ,?\gh ,sank>a makes ?is to be ! tea*+ ( ! ,sutras1 9 ano!r place he insi/s t ,brahman is )\t attributes4 ,he is n1 !re=e1 consi/5t4 ,! m$itation on ,brahman :i* leads to s\l-fre$om mu/ h reg>d also to ,brahman's negative qualities1 i4e41 8 n be+ gross1 nor subtle1 wise nor fooli%1 etc4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,k ,,& ,,conduct ,! k ( ,brahman is indep5d5t ( action1 & n subord9ate to x4 ,x is vidya comp>e vision1 :i* has ! same etymology1 or k1 t is alone prescrib$ 9 ! holy writ+s1 n conduct4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 !re is "r k1 !re w be rightness ( life4 ,b m]e rightness ( life is no?+2 x is t :i* leads to x & is ! cause t is alone comm&$ & comm5d$ comp>e ! controv]sy among ,*ri/ian !ologians ab\t fai? & works4 ,! k :i* saves & enfran*ises may be rea*$ by a man 9 ?is pres5t life1 & w be1 if ! appropriate means are employ$4 ,,( ,,brahmanhood ,m$itation is a duty to be obs]v$ to ! v close ( life1 & ! am\nt & int5sity ( x are ! measure ( a man's virtue & piety4 ,:5 he has rea*$ ! full k ( ,brahman1 a man is fre$ f ! consequ5ces k>ma ( all 8 evil de$s1 pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! /ate ( ,brahmanhood exclud$ ! possibility ( s91 b ?is ,sutra seems to imply ! contr>y4 ,! ,sutras1 h[ev]1 make a di/9ction betwe5 a l[] /ate ( ,brahmanhood & a high]4 ,see bel[4 ,:at happ5s to ! kn[+ "o 7vidvan7 at dea?8 ,! s\l ( him :o has at dea? ! l[] ,brahman k m]ges into ! subtl] elem5ts4 ,b :5 ! highe/ k is atta9$ !re is complete absorption 9 ,brahman4 ,:oev] dies 9 possession ( ?is highe/ k is at once m]g$ 9 ,brahman1 & re/s et]nally & p]fectly 9 him4 ,! ,upani%ads describe ! /ations on ! way :i* leads up to ,brahman4 ,^! /ations are to be und]/ood n m]ely z t]m9uses ( ! v>i\s /ages ( ! j\rney1 b !y d5ote also ! div9e be+s :o direct ! s\l 9 its progress & enable x to move =w>d & upw>d4 ,accord+ to "s ,sutras 9 ?is book ! gu>dians ( ! pa? conduct+ to ! gods lead ! dep>t$ s\l1 n to ! highe/ ,brahman1 b to ! effect$ 7k>ya71 or qualifi$ 7saguna71 ,brahman4 ,b 9 o!r ,sutras 9 ?is book ! opposite view is /at$ & def5d$1 accord+ to :i* ! vidvan1 or kn[]1 goes direct to ! highe/ ,brahman )\t halt+ any:]e %ort ( t god4 ,! ,sutras tea*1 on ! :ole1 ! doctr9e t ! enfran*is$ s\l1 be+ id5tical ) ,brahman1 is insep>able f him j z a mode ( sub/ance is incapable ( exi/+ ap>t f ! sub/ance ( :i* x is a mode4 ,ramanuga po9ts out1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ! ,sutras 9 ?is book give x cle>ly to be und]/ood t ! fre$ s\l c exi/ 9 isolation & 9 sep>ation f ! great ,all4 ,! releas$ s\l c ent] sev]al bodies at ! same "t1 s9ce x is n subject to space relations z o!r s\ls are4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?omas ,,kempis ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/ ,?omas ,kempis1 ^: family "n 0 ,haemm]le91 receiv$ ! "n ( ,kempis f ,kemp51 9 ,holl&1 ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,ei!r ,?omas ,haemm]le9 or ,?omas ,kemp5sis w\ld be a m correct "n ?an ! =m ,kempis1 by :i* he is g5]ally kn[n2 & ,musica ,ecclesia/ica is ! m correct title ( ! ,imitatio ,*ri/i4 ,x is n ev5 c]ta9 t ,?omas 0 ! au?or ( x1 = ! names ( o!r au?ors h be5 put =w>d ) m or less probability2 b he 0 c]ta9ly its copyi/1 & ! balance ( evid5ce is 9 fav\r ( 8 au?or%ip4 ,?omas 0 born 9 #acgi1 ! son ( a %oemak]2 ent]$ 9 #adjj a mona/]y at ,agnet5b]g1 ne> ,zwolle1 & di$ 9 ! mona/]y on ,augu/ #h1 #adga1 ) a great reputation = le>n+ & = sanctity4 ,! ,imitation 0 complet$ ab\t #adbj4 ,editions & translations 9 all pr9cipal languages are innum]able2 b ! def9itive edition is ! ,lat9 text by ,dr4 ,c>l ,hirs*e1 ( ,hamburg 7#ahgd71 f :i* ! foll[+ epitome has be5 made4 ,! ,imitation consi/s ( f\r books ( m$itations1 :i* are among ! mo/ priceless treasures ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 ,i4--,,admonitions ,,useful ,,to ,,! ,,spiritual ,,life ,:oev] foll[s ,me does n walk 9 d>kness1 says ! ,"l4 ,^! are ! words ( ,*ri/ by :i* we are admoni%$ h[ f> we %\ld imitate ,8 life & mann]s if we wi% to be truly illum9$ & lib]at$ f all bl9dness ( he>t4 ,let x1 !re=e1 be our supreme /udy to m$itate on ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,vanity ( vanities1 all ?+s are vanity1 except to love ,god & to s]ve ,him only4 ,! highe/ wisdom is to /rive t[>ds cele/ial k+doms1 ?r\gh contempt ( ! _w4 ,x is1 !re=e1 vanity to seek ! ri*es t are ab\t to p]i%1 & to hope 9 !m4 ,x is vanity also to solicit hon\rs1 & to exalt oneself to high place4 ,x is vanity to foll[ aft] ! desires ( ! fle%1 & to seek t = :i* we mu/ soon be heavily puni%$4 ,x is vanity to wi% a long life1 & to c>e little ab\t a good life4 ,x is vanity to att5d only to ! pres5t life1 & n to provide = ?+s :i* are to come4 ,x is vanity to love t :i* passes away s spe$ily1 & n to ha/5 ?i!r :]e et]nal joy rema9s4 ,rememb] (t5 t prov]b--,! eye is n satisfi$ ) see+ nor ! e> ) he>+4 ,/udy1 !re=e1 to )draw y\r he>t f ! love ( visible ?+s1 & turn y\rself to ! invisible4 ,= ^? :o foll[ _! s5suality /a9 _! consci5ce1 & lose ! grace ( ,god4 ,e man naturally desires to "k1 b :at does k signify )\t ! fe> ( ,god8 ,! humble peasant :o s]ves ,god is f> bett] ?an ! pr\d philosoph] :o neglects himself & consid]s ! c\rses ( ! />s4 ,:oev] kn[s himself well contemns himself1 & takes no delight 9 human praise4 ,if ,i %\ld "k all ?+s 9 ! _w1 & yet n be 9 *>ity1 :at w\ld x advantage me 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ,:o is ab\t to judge me = my de$s8 ,desi/ f too mu* desire ( kn[+1 because great di/raction & deception are f\nd 9 x4 ,^? :o "k1 desire to seem & to be call$ wise4 ,!re are _m ?+s ( :i* ! k is ( little or no value to ! s\l1 & ! man is v fooli% :o turns to o!r ?+s ?an ^? :i* subs]ve 8 heal?4 ,_m words d n satisfy ! s\l2 b a good life cools d[n ! m9d1 & a good consci5ce af=ds great confid5ce t[>ds ,god4 ,we might h great peace if we did n occupy ourselves ) ! words & de$s :i* are no conc]n ( ours4 ,h[ c he rema9 long 9 peace :o m$dles ) c>es :i* are =eign to him1 :o seeks opportunities )\t1 & recollects himself little or r>ely8 ,bless$ are ! simple1 = !y %all h mu* peace4 ,)\t *>ity1 an outw>d "w is ( value2 b :atev] is done f *>ity1 h[ev] small & trivial x may be1 becomes :olly fruitful4 ,= ,god weighs m ! s\rce f :i* an action comes ?an ! "w :i* x does4 ,he does mu* :o loves mu*4 ,he does mu* :o does ! de$ well4 ,he does well :o s]ves ! community r ?an 8 own w4 ,t (t5 seems to be *>ity :i* is r c>nality2 = natural incl9ation1 "o's own w1 ! hope ( rew>d1 & ! lik+ = com=t are r>ely abs5t4 ,b :oev] has true & p]fect *>ity seeks himself 9 no?+1 b desires only ! glory ( ,god4 ,he envies no "o1 because he loves no joy ( 8 own1 nor c>es to rejoice 9 himself2 b wi%es1 above all good ?+s1 to f9d felicity 9 ,god4 ,:oev] has a sp>k ( true *>ity feels at once t all e>?ly ?+s are full ,( vanity4 ,,ii4--,,admonitions ,,lead+ ,,to ,,inw>d ,,life ,! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y1 says ! ,"l4 ,turn y\rself ) y\r :ole he>t to ! ,"l1 & leave ?is mis]able _w1 & y\r s\l %all f9d re/4 ,le>n to despise outw>d ?+s1 & to give y\rself to inw>d ?+s1 & y %all see ! k+dom ( ,god rise )9 y4 ,= ! k+dom ( ,god is peace & joy 9 ! ,holy ,_s1 & is n giv5 to ! impi\s4 ,*ri/ %all come to y %[+ y ,8 consolation1 if y prep>e )9 y a home fit = ,him4 ,all ,8 glory & beauty are f )91 & x is !re t ,he delights ,himself4 ,he (t5 visits ! man ( inw>d m9d1 ) sweet colloquy1 pleasant consolation1 great peace1 & mo/ a/\nd+ famili>ity4 ,if y "k n h[ to contemplate high & cele/ial ?+s1 re/ 9 ! passion ( ,*ri/1 & will+ly dwell 9 ,8 holy w\nds4 ,= if y dev\tly h rec\rse to ! w\nds ( ,jesus y w feel great com=t 9 tr\ble1 c>e little = human contempt1 & easily be> detract+ words4 ,= ,*ri/1 9 ! _w1 0 despis$ by m51 & 9 ,8 greate/ ne$ 0 des]t$1 among insults1 by ,8 fri5ds4 ,*ri/ will$ to suff] & to be despis$1 & %all y d>e to compla9 ( any?+8 ,*ri/ _h enemies & detractors1 & d y wi% to h all fri5ds & b5efactors8 ,:5ce %all y\r pati5ce be cr[n$ if y h suff]$ no adv]sity8 ,if y desire to suff] no?+ contr>y to y1 h[ %all y be ! fri5d ( ,*ri/8 ,he to :om all ?+s ta/e z !y really are1 & n z !y are spok5 ( or e/eem$1 is ! truly wise man1 taught by ,god r ?an by m54 ,:oev] kn[s h[ to walk f )91 & to put little value on ?+s )\t1 ne$s n to f9d a place nor wait a "t = 8 dev\t pray]s4 ,! man ( inw>d m9d quickly recollects himself1 because he nev] sp5ds himself :olly ^u outw>d ?+s4 ,fir/ hold y\rself 9 peace1 & !n y w be able to pacify o!rs4 ,! pacific man is ( m s]vice ?an ! le>n$4 ,b ! passionate man turns ev5 good to evil1 easily believ+ evil4 ,! peaceful man is good1 & turns all ?+s to good4 ,! man :o is well at peace is suspici\s ( no?+1 b ! discont5t$ & turbul5t is agitat$ by div]s suspicions4 ,he c nei!r himself be quiet1 nor leave o!rs 9 quiet4 ,he (t5 says :at he ought n to say1 & leaves undone :at he ought to d4 ,he ?9ks ab\t :at o!rs ought to d1 & neglects 8 own duty4 ,man is rais$ f e>?ly matt]s by two w+s--namely1 simplicity & purity4 ,simplicity %\ld be 9 8 int5tion1 & purity 9 8 affection4 ,simplicity t5ds t[>ds ,god1 purity takes hold ( ,him4 ,always to d well1 & to hold oneself 9 small e/eem1 is ! m>k ( a humble s\l4 ,to desire no consolation f any creat$ ?+ is ! sign ( great purity & inw>d confid5ce4 ,! man :o seeks no witness = himself f )\t has pla9ly committ$ himself altoge!r to ,god4 ,= n he :o comm5ds himself is approv$1 says bless$ ,paul1 b he :om ,god comm5ds4 ,to walk ) ,god )91 & to be held by no affection )\t1 is ! /ate ( ! inw>dly-m9d$ man4 ,jesus has n[ _m lov]s ( ,8 cele/ial k+dom1 b few be>]s ( ,8 ,cross4 ,he has _m :o desire consolation1 b few :o desire tribulation4 ,he f9ds _m companions ( ,8 table1 b few ( ,8 ab/95ce4 ,all wi% to rejoice ) ,him2 few are will+ to be> any?+ = ,him4 ,9 ! ,cross is safety2 9 ! ,cross is life2 9 ! ,cross is protection f enemies2 9 ! ,cross is ! sweetness ( heav52 9 ! ,cross is /r5g? ( m9d2 9 ! ,cross is ! p]fection ( sanctity4 ,!re is no heal? = ! s\l nor hope ( et]nal life except 9 ! ,cross4 ,take up y\r cross1 !re=e1 & foll[ ,jesus4 ,if any?+ 7 bett] & m useful = ! welf>e ( m5 ?an to suff]1 ,*ri/ w\ld h %[n x bo? 9 ,8 words & 9 ,8 example4 ,= ,he calls to ! disciples :o foll[ ,him1 & to all :o desire to foll[ ,him1 & says3 ,if any w come aft] ,me1 let him d5y himself1 & lift up 8 cross & foll[ ,me4 ,:5 all has be5 read & /udi$1 let ?is be our conclusion--,t ?r\gh _m tribulations we mu/ ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,,iii4--,,( ,,inw>d ,,consolation ,i w he> :at ! ,"l ,god may say 9 me4 ,x is a bless$ s\l :i* he>s ! ,"l speak+ 9 x1 & receives ! ^w ( consolation f ,8 lips4 ,speak1 ,"l1 = y\r s]vant he>s4 ,i h taught ! prophets f ! beg9n+1 says ! ,"l1 & until n[ ,i h n ceas$ to speak at all2 b _m are deaf & h>d to ,my voice4 ,_m li/5 m will+ly to ! _w ?an to ,god1 & m easily foll[ ! appetite ( ! fle% ?an ,god's good pleasure4 ,! _w promises small & tempor>y ?+s1 & is s]v$ ) great eag]ness2 ,i promise supreme & et]nal ?+s1 b ! he>ts ( mortals are torpid4 ,:o s]ves & obeys ,me 9 ev]y?+ ) s great c>e z ! _w & its lords are s]v$8 ,m5 run a long way = a trifl+ rew>d1 b = et]nal life _m sc>cely lift a foot once f e>?4 ,"l ,god1 y are all my good4 ,& :o am ,i t ,i %\ld d>e to speak to y8 ,i am ! poore/ & lea/ ( y\r s]vants1 a wret*$ little worm1 f> m mis]able & contemptible ?an ,i "k or d>e to say1 ,yet rememb] me1 ,"l1 because ,i am no?+1 ,i h no?+1 & am wor? no?+4 ,d n turn y\r face f me2 d n def] y\r com+2 d n )draw y\r consolation1 le/ my s\l become l a wat]less l& be=e y4 ,"l1 tea* me to d y\r w2 tea* me to walk wor?ily & humbly 9 y\r pres5ce2 because y are my wisdom1 :o truly "k me1 & knew me be=e ! _w 0 made & be=e ,i 0 born 9 ! _w4 ,son1 walk 9 ,my pres5ce 9 tru?1 & seek ,me always 9 ! simplicity ( y\r he>t4 ,:oev] walks 9 ,my pres5ce 9 tru? w be kept safe f ! assaults ( evil1 & tru? w lib]ate him f ^? :o lead a/ray & f ! detractions ( unju/ m54 ,if tru? %all h lib]at$ y1 !n y w be truly free1 & y w n c>e = ! va9 words ( m54 ,x is true1 ,"l1 ,i pray t x may be done ) me z y say4 ,let y\r tru? tea* me & gu>d me1 & keep me to a salut>y end4 ,let x lib]ate me f e evil affection & inord9ate love1 & ,i %all walk ) y 9 great lib]ty ( he>t4 ,i w tea* y1 says ,tru?1 :at ?+s are "r & pleas+ 9 my ,bight4 ,?9k on y\r s9s ) great displeasure & sorr[1 & nev] imag9e y\rself to be any?+ because ( y\r good works4 ,y are really a s9n]1 liable to _m passions & entangl$ 9 !m4 ,( y\rself1 y are always t5d+ to no?+ness2 y quickly slip1 y are quickly ov]come1 y are quickly di/urb$1 y quickly pass away4 ,y h no?+ 9 :i* y c glory1 b mu* = :i* y ought to hold y\rself *eap2 y are f> m infirm ?an y are able to und]/&4 ,"s d n s9c]ely walk be=e me1 b1 l$ by a c]ta9 curiosity & arrogance1 wi% to "k my secrets1 & to und]/& ! high ?+s ( ,god1 neglect+ !mselves & _! welf>e4 ,^! (t5 fall into great temptations & s9s1 :5 ,i resi/ !m on acc\nt ( _! pride & curiosity4 ,fe> ! judgm5ts ( ,god2 be exce$+ly afraid ( ! ang] ( ! ,omnipot5t4 ,d n discuss ! works ( ! ,highe/1 b scrut9ise y\r iniquities1 & see h[ gravely y h (f5d$ & h[ _m good de$s y h neglect$4 ,!re are o!rs1 enlight5$ 9 _! m9ds & purg$ 9 _! affections1 :o are always pant+ aft] et]nal ?+s & li/5 unwill+ly to e>?ly ?+s2 ^! p]ceive :at ! _s ( tru? says )9 !m4 ,love is a great ?+1 altoge!r a great good1 :i* alone makes light ev]y?+ t is heavy1 & c>ries ev5ly all t is unev54 ,= x be>s ! burd5 )\t be+ burd5$1 & makes sweet & ta/eful ev]y?+ t is bitt]4 ,! noble love ( ,jesus drives on to great de$s1 & always excites to ! desire ( m p]fect ?+s4 ,love wills to rise upw>ds1 & n to be held back by ! l[e/ ?+s4 ,no?+ is sweet] ?an love1 no?+ is /rong]1 no?+ high] or broad]2 no?+ is m delightful or full] 9 heav5 or 9 e>?2 = love is born ( ,god1 & _c re/ except 9 ,god1 above all creat$ ?+s4 ,,iv4--,,dev\t ,,exhortation ,,to ,,holy ,,communion ,! voice ( ,*ri/1 ,come to ,me all :o lab\r & are burd5$1 & ,i w refre% y1 says ! ,"l4 ,! bread :i* ,i w give y is ,my fle% = ! life ( ! _w4 ,receive & consume x2 ?is is ,my body :i* w be deliv]$ = y2 d ?is 9 commemoration ( ,me4 ,:oev] eats ,my fle% & dr9ks ,my blood rema9s 9 ,me1 & ,i 9 him4 ,! words :i* ,i h spok5 to y are _s & life4 ,^! are y\r words1 ,*ri/1 ,et]nal ,tru?1 al?\gh n giv5 at "o "t nor writt5 9 "o place4 ,because !y are y\rs1 & true1 !y are all to be receiv$ gratefully by me4 ,!y are y\rs1 & y pron\nc$ !m2 & !y are m9e also because y utt]$ !m = my welf>e4 ,i gladly accept !m f y\r lips1 t !y may be m closely buri$ 9 my he>t4 ,words ( su* k9dness1 full ( sweetness & love1 ar\se me4 ,b my own s9s fright5 me1 & my impure consci5ce repels me f tak+ hold ( su* great my/]ies4 ,y bid me come to y tru/fully if ,i w\ld h "p ) y2 & to receive ! food ( immortality if ,i wi% to obta9 et]nal life & glory4 ,come to ,me1 y say1 all :o lab\r & are burd5$1 & ,i w refre% y4 ,o sweet & fri5dly ^w 9 ! e> ( a s9n]1 t y1 my ,"l ,god1 invite ! de/itute & poor to ! communion ( y\r mo/ holy ,body4 ,"l1 all ?+s 9 heav5 & 9 e>? are y\rs4 ,i desire to (f] myself z a will+ oblation1 & to rema9 y\rs 9 p]petuity4 ,"l1 9 ! simplicity ( my he>t ,i (f] myself to y to-day to be = ev] y\r s]vant--(f] myself = ob$i5ce & = a sacrifice ( et]nal praise4 ,receive me ) ?is holy (f]+ ( y\r preci\s ,body1 :i* ,i (f] to y to-day 9 ! pres5ce ( angels1 assi/+ ?\gh unse51 t x may be = my welf>e & = ! welf>e ( all y\r p4 ,! voice ( ! belov$3 ,god does n deceive y2 he is deceiv$ :o tru/s too mu* to himself4 ,god walks ) ! simple1 reveals ,himself to ! humble1 gives und]/&+ to ! feeble1 op5s ,8 mean+ to pure m9ds1 & hides ,8 grace f ! inquisitive & pr\d4 ,human reason is weak & may be deceiv$1 b true fai? _c be deceiv$4 ,all reason & natural inve/igation ought to foll[ fai?1 & n prec$e x nor impair x4 ,= fai? & love excel "h mo/ ( all1 & "w 9 hidd5 ways 91 ?is mo/ holy & transc5d5t sacram5t4 ,! et]nal & immeasurable ,god ( inf9ite p[] does great & inscrutable ?+s 9 heav5 & 9 e>?1 & !re is no f9d+ out ( ,8 wond]ful works4 ,if ! works ( ,god 7 su* t !y c\ld easily be seiz$ by human reason1 !y w\ld n des]ve to be call$ wond]ful or ineffable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,koran ,! ,koran1 ! sacr$ book ( ,islam1 & ( m ?an a hundr$ millions ( m51 is ! lea/ orig9al ( all exi/+ sacr$ books4 ,muslims agree 9 believ+ t x is f beg9n+ to end1 & ^w = ^w1 inspir$2 & t x exi/$ be=e ! ,creation on :at is call$ ! ,pres]v$ ,tablet4 ,?is tablet 0 br\ght by ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel f ! highe/ to ! l[e/ heav51 :5ce x 0 dictat$ sura *apt] by sura1 v]se by v]se1 & ^w by ^w1 to ! ,prophet ,muhammad4 ,its matt] is1 h[ev]1 tak5 = ! mo/ "p f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 especially ! n>rative portions ( ! ,p5tateu*2 f ! ,new ,te/am5t2 f ! traditions ( ! anci5t ,arabs2 & also f ,zoroa/rian & o!r scriptures or traditions4 ,x is n likely t ,muhammad us$ lit]>y s\rces1 except 9 a small measure4 ,b !re 7 ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 ,zoroa/rians1 & o!rs 9 & ar\nd ,arabia1 & he mu/ h le>n$ f _! lips ! pr9cipal doctr9es ( _! respective religions4 ,nev]!less1 planless & fragm5t>y compilation ?\gh x be1 ! ,koran1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>li] suras writt5 at ,mekka1 has mu* ( ! gr&eur & poetry ( /yle & ! passionate exaltation ( a true prophet1 ! s9c]ity ( ^: zeal is unque/ion$4 ,,introductory ,! ^w ,koran1 or ,quran1#ac f a root q>a to read1 means lit]ally :at is to be read1 i4e41 ! writt5 au?ority on all matt]s1 religions1 etc4 ,x is ! exact equival5t ( ! ,rabb9ical ,hebrew ^w ,miqra 7f ! ,hebrew q>a to read74 ,! idea involv$ 9 bo? ! ,arabic & ,hebrew words is t :at is s designat$ is ! ultimate au?ority decid+ all que/ions4 ,! ,rabbis ( po/-,biblical times 7comp>e ! ,jewi% ,qabbalah7 reg>d$ ! ,old ,te/am5t z an encyclopa$ia ( univ]sal k4 ,9 ! be/-kn[n ,muslim univ]sities ( mod]n times philosophy1 sci5ce1 & ev]y?+ else are taught f ! ,koran1 :i* is made 9 "s way to conta9 implicitly ! late/ words ( mod]n ?\ght1 inv5tion1 & discov]y4 ,! ,koran did n exi/ z a :ole until aft] ! ,prophet ,muhammad's#ad dea?4 ,x 0 !n compil$ by ! ord] ( ,abu ,bekr1 ! fir/ ,sunnite ,caliph4 ,its cont5ts 7 f\nd writt5 on palm leaves :ite /ones1 & o!r articles capable ( be+ writt5 on4 ,! compil]s dep5d$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ^u ! memory ( ! prophet's fir/ foll[]s1 b ! ,koran1 z we n[ h x1 exi/$ )\t any appreciable div]g5ce by ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 aft] ,muhammad's dea? 7,a4,d4 #fcb74 ,?is ,muslim ,bible has no s*eme or plan because x is an almo/ haphaz>d compilation ( unconnect$ disc\rses1 utt]$ on v>i\s unexpla9$ occasions1 & deal+ ) _m incid5ts & !mes4 ,!re is practically no edit+1 & no attempt is made to expla9 :51 or h[1 or :y ! v>i\s spee*es 7 deliv]$4 ,! e>lie/ native writ]s & comm5tators on ! ,koran arrang$ its suras 9 two ma9 classes3 7#a7 ,^? utt]$ at ,mekka be=e ! flight 9 ,a4,d4 #fbb2 7#b7 ^? writt5 at ,m$9ah dur+ ! next t5 ye>s4 ,mo/ rec5t s*ol>s foll[ ! *ronological arrangem5t propos$ by ! great ,ori5tali/ ,nldeke 9 #ahfj4 ,fri$ri* ,s*wally 9 8 newly revis$ edition ( ,nldeke's great "w on ! ,koran foll[s 8 ma/] 9 almo/ e detail4 ,rodwell's translation ( ! ,koran1 rec5tly issu$ 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 arranges ! suras *ronologically accord+ to ,nldeke's s*eme4 ,9 ! summ>ies t foll[1 x is ?is *ronological ord] t is adopt$4 ,9 ! ,arabic editions foll[$ by ! well-kn[n & valuable translations ( ,sale1 ,e4,h4 ,palm] 7,cl>5don ,press1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vols4 #f & #i71 & o!rs1 ! pr9ciple adopt$ is to put ! longe/ suras fir/ & ! %orte/ la/4 ,! ,mekkan suras are mu* m orig9al ?an ! ,m$9ah ones1 especially ^? ( ! fir/ p]iod--i4e41 ^? belong+ to ! fir/ f\r ye>s ( ,muhammad's prophetic mission1 e4g41 suras #if1 #gd1 etc4 ,9 ^! suras ! /yle is gr&]1 m passionate1 & full] ( poetry4 ,! prophet appe>s 9 a /ate ( great m5tal exaltation1 full ( a zeal :i* no words c adequately express1 & ( a s9c]ity :i* few s*ol>s h que/ion$4 ,! suras ( ! second p]iod1 ! foll[+ two ye>s ( ! prophet's mission 7e4g41 suras #ed1 #cg1 etc471 h ! same g5]al "*1 b are less vehem5t4 ,/ill less vehem5t & m re/ra9$ are ! suras ( ! ?ird ,mekkan p]iod--i4e41 f ! sev5? ye> ( ! prophet's mission to 8 flight 9 ,a4,d4 #fbb 7e4g41 suras #cb1 #da1 etc474 ,! /yle ( ! ,m$9ah suras resembles t ( ! ,mekkan revelations ( ! ?ird p]iod1 only !y are /ill m matt] ( fact & re/ra9$1 & are l>gely made up ( appeals to ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 & o!rs to ab&on _! unbelief1 & to accept ! prophet :o _h come to !m ) ! true religion1 a religion z old z ,abraham1 ?\gh =gott5 = _m ages4 ,! ,koran diff]s f ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 includ+ ! ,apocrypha1 9 t ^! latt] are mu*-m v>i$1 z emanat+ f _m m9ds1 & belong+ to v diff]5t occasions4 ,! ,koran is1 f beg9n+ to end1 ! effusions 7(t5 v wild7 ( "o man4 ,! pres5t editor has kept be=e him ! ,arabic text ( ,m>acci1 ,fluegel1 & ,r$slob1 & also sev]al ,ori5tal editions 7,cairo1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,calcutta1 etc474 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ! be/ kn[n translations1 & also ! native comm5t>ies 7,baidhawi1 etc471 h be5 consult$4 ,9 ! summ>ies :i* foll[1 num]als foll[+ ! p>agraphs indicate ! numb] ( ! sura or suras 9 ! ,arabic text z well z 9 ,sale's translation4 ,,mekkan ,,suras ,i4--,,fir/ ,,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #fac-fag7 ,,muhammad',s ,,fir/ ,,call ,,to ,,read ,,! ,,koran ,9 ! "n ( ! graci\s & compassionate ,god4#ae ,recite 9 ! "n ( ?y ,"l1 :o creat$ man & taught m5 to write1 recite :at ,god has reveal$ to !e ,8 ,prophet1 & be n afraid4 ,consid] n ! opposition ( ,abu ,gahl1 :o has ?reat5$ to put 8 foot on ?y neck if ?\ do/ wor%ip ,allah4 7#if47 ,,d5unciation ,,( ,,abu ,,lahab#af ,abu ,lahab's two h&s %all p]i%1 & he himself %all p]i%4 ,8 weal? %all n avail him1 nor all t he has ga9$4 ,he %all be burnt 9 ! fi]y flames#ag ( ,hell1 8 wife c>ry+ wood = fuel1 ) a cord ( palm-tree fibres twi/$ r\nd h] neck4 7,,iii47 ,,muhammad ,,comm&$ ,,to ,,(f] ,,sacrifices ,we h giv5 to !e1 ,o ,prophet1 great weal? & ab\nd+ ri*es4 ,pray ?\ to ,allah1 & (f] ,him suitable sacrifices out ( :at ,he has be/[$ ^u !e4 7#ajh47 ,comp>e ) ?is p>agraph ! foll[+1 f sura #bb ( ! ,m$9ah gr\p3 ,we h orda9$ t ye (f] sacrifices unto ,allah1 & t ye receive mu* b5efit !refrom4 ,:51 !re=e1 ye slay y\r camels let ! "n ( ,allah be pron\nc$ ov] !m4 ,!n eat ( !m & give to ^? :o ask humbly1 giv+ also to ! poor & ne$y :o ask n4 ,fle% & blood c nev] rea* unto ,allah 7,god71 b y\r ob$i5ce & piety w rea* unto ,him4 ,,believ]s ,,& ,,unbeliev]s ,we w make ! pa? to happ9ess easy & safe to all su* z fe> ,allah1 & give alms1 & believe ! tru? proclaim$ by ,allah's mess5g]4 ,b we w make easy ! pa? to di/ress & mis]y = all su* z are nigg>dly1 are b5t on mak+ ri*es1 & d5y ! tru? :5 x is proclaim$ to !m4 ,:5 ^! la/ fall headlong into ,hell1 _! weal? w avail !m no?+4 ,9 ! burn+ furnace !y %all burn & broil4 7#ib47 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,ex]cis+ ,,*>ity ,v]ily1 ,we 7,god7 h creat$ "s m5 9 su* pov]ty & di/ress z to ne$ ! help ( o!rs4 ,:at does t bragg>t man mean :5 he says1 ,none %all prevail ov] me2 ,i h & h scatt]$ ri*es b\ndless8 ,does he n "k t !re is a ,div9e eye t sees him8 ,h n ,we creat$ him ) a capacity ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! two highways1 t :i* desc5ds t[>ds evil1 & t :i* asc5ds t[>ds ! good8 ,?is nigg>dly man1 h[ev]1 makes no attempt to scale ! heights4 ,:at is x to asc5d ! upw>d road8 ,x is to free ! prison]1 to fe$ ! hungry1 to def5d ! orphan :o is ak91 & ! d[n-trodd5 poor4 ,besides ?is1 x is enjo9$ t m5 believe 9 ,allah & ,8 ,prophet2 t !y enc\rage ea* o!r to be /eadfa/ 9 ! fai?1 ex]cis+ mutual consid]ation & sympa?y4 ,all su* z d ^! ?+s %all be ! p ( ! "r h&4 ,b all ^? :o disbelieve ,our signs %all be ! companions ( ! left h&1 ov] :om %all be a vault ( fire4 7#ij47 ,,muhammad ,,comm&$ ,,to ,,arise ,,& ,,prea* ,o ?\ mantle-wrapp$ "o1 arise & w>n ! p1 & magnify ! ,"l4 ,! ,day ( ,judgm5t w be a sad day = unbeliev]s4 ,leave ?\ ?9e enemy 9 ,m9e h&s1 & let ,me visit ^u him 8 well des]v$ puni%m5t4 ,= he has ridicul$ ! ,koran2 he has said3 ,?is is no?+ else ?an magic1 !y are ! words ( a man4 ,i ,god w ca/ him into ,hell1 :]e he %all burn 9 torm5t4 ,! fires ( ?is ,hell leave no?+ unconsum$4 ,x scor*es m5's fle%4 ,we h appo9t$ n9ete5 angels z gu>dians ov] ,hell fire4 ,b :y n9ete58 ,t believ]s may be sure ( ! v]acity ( ?is ,book1 & t unbeliev]s may h occasion = d5y+ ! div9ity ( ! ,koran1 say+3 ,:at means ?is numb]8 7#gd47 ,,! ,,koran ,,giv5 ,,to ,,muhammad ,v]ily1 ,we h br\ght d[n to ,muhammad ! ,koran on ! ,night ( ,p[]4#ah ,?is "o ,night ( ,p[] is bett] ?an a ?\s& mon?s4 ,on t night did ,gabriel & ! angels desc5d & reveal to ,our ,prophet all ! words ( ! ,koran4 7#ig47 ,,muhammad ,,n ,,mad ,,nor ,,an ,,impo/or ,believe ?\ n1 ,o ,mess5g] ( ,m9e1 :5 !y say1 ,?\ art b]eft ( ?y s5ses1 :5 !y *>ge !e ) impo/ure4 ,?y ,"l kn[e? :o are b]eft ( _! s5ses1 & :o are ! impo/ors4 ,w>n ?\ ^? malign]s ( ! awful judgm5t :i* awaits !m4 7#fh47 ,,god',s ,,promise ,,to ,,help ,,muhammad ,,to ,,recite ,,! ,,koran ,we ,allah %all enable !e to rememb] all ! p>ts ( ! ,koran1 s t ?\ maye/ recite !m = ! enc\ragem5t ( ^? :o believe & z a w>n+ to all unbeliev]s4 ,nor %alt ?\ =get aught ( ?is ,revelation except :at ,we please4#ai ,all ^? :o fe> ,god w receive ! prophet's w>n+1 b all ^? :o disbelieve %all be ca/ into t]rible fire :]e !y w nei!r live nor die4 ,?is doctr9e :i* ,we comm& !e to prea* is t taught 9 ! anci5t ,books1 ! ,books ( ,abraham & ( ,moses1 :o 7 fai?ful ,muslims4 7#hg47 ,,! ,,koran ,,inspir$ ,by ! fall+ />1 y\r comrade ,muhammad does n err1 nor does he speak 8 own m9d4 ,:at he utt]s has be5 reveal$ to him4 ,! ,koran is f ,god ?r\gh ,gabriel2 x is n ! "w ( man4 ,:y wor%ip ye goddesses l ,allat & ,al',uzza & ,manah8 ,!re are no goddesses4#bj 7#ec47 ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,wom5 ,,believ]s ,:5 believ+ wom5 come to y z fugitives1 leav+ beh9d !m unbeliev+ husb&s1 s5d !m n back to ! infidels1 b te/ _! fai?1 & if !y are f\nd true ,muslims1 pay back to _! husb&s ! d[ries :i* !y h exp5d$4 ,!n may ye m>ry !m1 provid$ ye give !m ! accu/om$ d[ries4 7#fj47 ,,god',s ,,unity#ba ,say ,he is b "o ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,god :o begets n1#bb nor is begott51 & !re is none l unto ,him4 7#aj47 ,,=mul ,,( ,,exorcism ,i flee = refuge to ! ,"l1 t ,he may protect me aga9/ ! evil ?+s :i* ,he has creat$4 ,aga9/ night gobl9s :5 ! night comes on1 & f wit*es :o b9d by _! magic knots1 & f su* z injure by ! evil eye2 ,i seek refuge ) ! ,"l f *>m]s1 f j9ns demons1 & f evil m54 7#aac47 ,,! ,,heav5 ,,( ,,! ,,muslims ,all :o believe 9 ,allah & ,8 ,prophet %all be admitt$ h]eaft] into delightful g>d5s ,p>adise4 ,!y %all repose = ev] on c\*es deck$ ) gold & preci\s /ones1 be+ suppli$ ) abundance ( lusci\s w9e1 fruits ( ! *oice/ v>iety1 & ! fle% ( birds4 ,!y %all be accompani$ by damsels ( unsurpass$ beauty1 ) l>ge black1 pe>l-l eyes4 7#ef47 ,,ii4--,,second ,,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #fag-fai7 ,,w9ds ,,& ,,demons ,,subject ,,to ,,solomon ,& ,we made a /rong w9d subject to ,solomon1 s t x convey$ him :i!r he w\ld4 ,we also gave him ! p[] ( comm&+ demons1 s t !y div$ into ! sea to br+ him pe>ls1 & did ev]y?+ else t he wi%$4#bc 7#ba47 ,,! ,,miracul\s ,,bir? ,,( ,,jesus ,rememb] ,m>y1 :o pres]v$ h] virg9ity1 & into :om ,we brea!d ,our own _s1 s t :5 h] son ,isa ,jesus 0 born1 "m & son became a sign unto all mank9d4 7#ba47 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,aft] ,m>y1 ! ,virg91 _h begott5 h] son ,isa ,jesus %e 0 f\nd "o day c>ry+ ! *ild 9 h] arms :5 "s pi\s m5 met h] & rebuk$ h]1 say+3 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ si/] ( ,a>on1#bd :at is ?is /range ?+ ?\ ha/ done8 ,?y fa!r ,amram 0 an upright man1 & ?y "m 0 no h>lot1 z ?\ seeme/ to be4 ,9 answ] to all ?is ! infant *ild1 n hav+ previ\sly lisp$ a syllable1 said1 ,v]ily1 ,i am ! s]vant ( ,allah1 :o has giv5 me ! ,book ( ! ,gospel1 & appo9t$ me to be ,8 ,prophet4 ,he has made me bless$1 & to be a bless+4 ,happy ! day :]e9 ,i 0 born1 & ! day :]e9 ,i %all die1 & ! day :]eon ,i %all be rais$ aga94 7#ai47 ,,devils ,,s5t ,,by ,,god ,,to ,,make ,,m5 ,,s9 ,de ye n "k t ,we ,god s5d devils aga9/ ! unbeliev]s to move !m1 by _! sugge/ions1 to ! s9 ( :i* ^! unbeliev]s become guilty8 7#ai47 ,,solomon',s ,,army ,,( ,,m51 ,,birds1 ,,& ,,j9ns 7,,demons7 ,solomon 0 able to und]/& ! spee* ( birds & to make !m und]/& 8 spee*4#be ,!re ga!r$ to him on a c]ta9 day 8 entire army ( m51 birds1 & j9ns 9 ! ,valley ( ,ants4 ,! cr[d 0 s great t "o ( ! ants said to 8 fell[s1 ,get y at once into y\r ant-homes1 or y w be trampl$ to dea? by "o ( ^! myriad feet4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba',s ,,visit ,,to ,,solomon ,solomon1 "o day review+ 8 v>i$ troops1 miss$ among ! birds ! hoopoe1 & ask$ :i!r ?is bird _h gone1 ?reat5+ all mann] ( puni%m5ts = 8 abs5ce4 ,soon ! miss+ bird came fly+ to ! k+1 utt]+ ! words1 ,i h j come f ,%eba1 :]e ,i h look$ ^u ! mo/ wond]ful que51 sitt+ ^u ! mo/ magnific5t ?rone t ,i h ev] set eyes on4 ,b ?is que5 & h] subjects1 un=tunately1 wor%ipp$ n ,allah1 ! true ,god1 b ! sun4 ,i w te/ ! tru? ( ?y words6 repli$ ! angry mon>*4 ,take ?\ ?is note ( m9e to ! que5 ?\ laude/ s highly1 bidd+ h] come to my k+dom to ackn[l$ge my au?ority4 ,almo/ 9 a tw9kl+ ! hoopoe 0 back ) ! que5's answ] cons5t+ to visit ,solomon & 8 dom9ions4 ,solomon1 hav+ receiv$ ?is answ]1 ask$ ! nobles ( 8 k+dom1 ,:i* ( y w br+ me at once ! ,que5 ( ,%eba's ?rone1 to be "h be=e %e arrives8 ,i w6 said "o ( ! wick$e/ ( ! j9ns4 ,& s w ,i1 9 a :iff6 answ]$ a j9n t 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,scriptures4 ,9 a v %ort "t ! ?rone 0 9 ,solomon's palace4 ,alt] ye x1 said ! k+1 z mu* z ye may1 to see :e!r %e has any sup]natural k to id5tify x4 ,:5 ! que5 arriv$1 %e 0 ask$1 ,:at ?rone is ?is8 ,%e repli$1 ,x is m9e--/rangely m9e4 ,aft] %e _h witness$ ! glory & wisdom ( ,solomon1 %e gave up h] idols1 & became ! wor%ipp] ( ,allah1 ! true ,god4 7#bg47 ,,iii4--,,?ird ,,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #fai-fbb7 ,,puni%m5t ,,= ,,violat+ ,,! ,,sabba? ,ye "k h[ ,we te/$ & prov$ ^? wick$ p :o dwelt 9 ,ela? on ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,on ! ,sabba? day ,we made ! fi% come "r up to !m1 z if ask+ to be caught2 b n s on o!r days4 ,^? :o yield$ to ! temptation1 & ?us violat$ ! sanctity ( ! sacr$ day1 ,we turn$ into apes z a puni%m5t = _! wrong-do+4 7#g47 ,,m\nt ,,s9ai ,,%ak5 ,,above ,,! ,,israelites ,:5 ! ,israelites d\bt$ ! au?ority ( ! ,law :i* ,we _h giv5 !m ?r\gh ,moses1 ,our s]vant1 ,we caus$ ,m\nt ,s9ai to re> itself above !m z a cov]+1 s t ! p fe>$ x 0 go+ to fall ^u !m4 ,& ,we said to !m1 ,receive ye ) rev]5ce t ,law :i* ,we h giv5 y1 & rememb] :at is conta9$ !re91 tak+ he$ !reto4#bf 7#g47 ,,m$9ah ,,suras ,,salvation ,,= ,,o!rs ,,?an ,,muslims ,all su* z believe 9 ,allah & 9 ! la/ day1 & :o d t :i* is "r1 :e!r !y are ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 ,sabeans1 or ,muslims1 %all h _! rew>d f ,allah1 :o w take away f !m all fe> & grief4 7#c47 ,muslims ,only to be ,sav$ ,no "o t foll[s any o!r religion ?an ,islam w be accept$ by ,god or sav$ f p]i%+ 9 ! life t is to come4 7#b47 ,,abraham1 ,,i%mael1 ,,isaac1 ,,jacob1 ,,& ,,! ,,tribes ,,( ,,israel ,,all ,,muslims ,d ye ,jews say t ,abraham1 ,i%mael1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ! tribes ( ,israel 7 ,jews1 or d ye ,*ri/ians say t !y 7 ,*ri/ians8 ,b ,god kn[s bett]1 & has reveal$ to y ! tru? t all ^! 7 ,muslims1 foll[]s ( ! religion ( ,islam4 ,b ,god is cognisant ( y\r unbelief1 & w br+ y to acc\nt4 7#b47 ,,! ,,qiblah ,,*ang$ ,,f ,,j]usalem ,,to ,,mekka ,fooli% m5 w say1 ,:y h !y *ang$ ! ,qiblah#bg f ,j]usalem to ! ,kaabah#bh 9 ,mekka8 ,say to !m1 ,god's is ! ea/ & ! we/1 & ,he has comm&$ u to turn our face1 :5 we pray1 to ! sacr$ mosque at ,mekka4 7#b47 ,,aga9/ ,,jews ,,& ,,*ri/ians1 ,,:o ,,caprici\sly ,,*oose ,,& ,,reject ,,:at ,,div9e ,,revelations ,,!y ,,please ,:y1 !n1 d ye believe "p only ( ! ,book1 & d5y t "p :i* au!nticates ! mission ( ! ,prophet ( ,allah8 ,all ^? :o are guilty ( ?is s9 %all h %ame 9 ?is life1 & on ! ,resurrection ,day %all be driv5 into ! mo/ excrutiat+ torm5ts4 7#b47 ,,! ,,mekka ,,temple ,,f\nd$ ,,by ,,abraham ,x 0 ,abraham1 our fa!r1 :o fir/ ent]$ ! ,kaabah sanctu>y at ,mekka1 & x is our b\nd5 duty1 if at all able1 to visit ?is sacr$ h\se4 7#c47 ,,jesus ,,pr$icts ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,muhammad ,jesus1 ,m>y's ,son1 said1 ,o ,israelites1 ,i am ,allah's ,apo/le1 s5t to confirm ! ,law ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & to br+ y good tid+s ( a great ,apo/le to come aft] me1 ^: "n is ,ahmad4#bi 7#fa47 ,,muhammad ,,! ,,la/ ,,& ,,greate/ ,,( ,,god',s ,,mess5g]s ,9 ! =m] times ,we s5t ,our apo/les ) conv9c+ argum5ts & all decisive miracles1 & ,we gave !m ! ,scriptures4 ,we s5t to m5 ,noah1 ,abraham1 & ! prophets1 b _m believ$ n4 ,!n ,we s5t ,our apo/les1 aft] :om came ,jesus1 ,son ( ,m>y4 ,!n1 la/ ( all1 came ,our great apo/le1 ,muhammad4 ,o all ye believ]s1 fe> ,god & obey ! words ( ,allah's mess5g]4 7#eg47 ,,! ,,koran ,,consi/5t ,,?r\gh\t ,:y d !y n c>efully & imp>tially consid] ! ,koran8 ,if x _h n be5 :olly ( ,god1 unbeliev]s w\ld h be5 able to f9d out contradictions4 7#d47 ,,muhammad ,,contradicts ,,! ,,fact ,,( ,,! ,,crucifixion ,,( ,,*ri/ ,*ri/ians say t ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ,son ( ,m>y1 0 sla94 ,b ,he 0 n sla91 nor crucifi$1 b ano!r 0 tak5 = ,him4 ,! true ,isa ,jesus 0 tak5 up by ,god unto ,himself1 n see+ dea?4 7#d47 ,,muhammad ,,admits ,,! ,,fact ,,( ,,! ,,crucifixion ,,( ,,*ri/ ,& ,god said1 ,o ,isa ,jesus1 ,i w cause ,!e to die1 b ,i w take ,!e up to ,myself & deliv] ,!e f unbeliev]s6 7#d47 ,,"o ,,god1 ,,n ,,?ree ,,gods1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,scripture ,o ye :o h receiv$ ! ,scriptures1 d n believe m ?an ^! sacr$ writ+s tea*6 ,jesus1 ,son ( ,m>y1 0 ,god's ,apo/le1 ,8 ,^w1 a _s proce$+ f ,god4 ,d n say !re are ?ree gods--,allah1 ,isa1 & ,m>y4#cj ,!re is b "o ,god1 & ,he c h no son4 7#d47 ,,=bidd5 ,,food ,ye are =bidd5 to eat t :i* dies ( itself1 blood1 sw9e's fle%1 & t on :i* ! "n ( any o!r god ?an ,allah has be5 invok$2#ca t :i* has be5 /rangl$1 or kill$ by a bl[1 or by a fall1 or :at has be5 gor$ to dea?1 & :atev] has be5 sacrific$ to idols4 7#e47 ,,div9ation ,,by ,,arr[s ,,condemn$ ,x is n all[$ y to make division by ca/+ lots ) arr[s4 ,,d5ial ,,( ,,! ,,div9ity ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,tr9ity ,^? are unbeliev]s :o say t ,god is ! ,*ri/ lit41 ,messiah1 ,son ( ,m>y4 ,nay1 ?is ,*ri/ ,himself said1 ,o ,israelites1 wor%ip ,god1 ,my ,"l & y\rs6 ,he :o associates ) ,god any companion ,8 equal %all be exclud$ f ,p>adise1 & h 8 place 9 ,hell fire4 7#e47 ,jesus ,d5ies t ,he & ,8 ,"m 7 ,gods ,at ! la/ day ,god w say unto ,isa1 ,o ,isa1 ,son ( ,m>y1 did/ ,?\ say unto m51 ',take ,me & ,my ,"m = two ,gods 9 addition to ,allah'8 ,& ,he %all answ]1 ,praise be unto ,!e4 ,?\ kn[e/ all ?+s1 & ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i comm&$ m5 to wor%ip ,allah alone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,c>d9al ,,newman ,,apologia ,,pro ,,vit ,,sua ,t mo/ rem>kable ecclesia/ic ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,john ,h5ry ,newman1 born 9 ,london on ,febru>y #ba1 #ahja1 0 ( ,dut* extraction1 b ! "n itself1 at "o "t spelt ,newmann1 sugge/s ,hebrew orig94 ,8 "m came ( a ,hugu5ot family1 long e/abli%$ 9 ,engl& z engrav]s & pap] manufactur]s4 ,8 e>ly education he obta9$ at a s*ool at ,eal+1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself by dilig5ce & good conduct1 z also by a c]ta9 alo(ness & %yness4 ,! only important incid5t ,newman connects ) ?is p]iod is 8 conv]sion1 an incid5t m c]ta9 to him ?an t he _h h&s & feet4 ,9 #ahbj he graduat$ at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! v>i\s phases ( 8 religi\s c>e] are amply set =? 9 8 fam\s ,apologia pro ,vit ,sua 7,apology = ,8 ,life71 aft]w>ds call$ ,a ,hi/ory ( my ,religi\s ,op9ions4 ,! "w 0 call$ out by an attack1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfd1 by ,*>les ,k+sley1 9 a review ( ,fr\de's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,k+sley wrote3 ,tru?1 = its own sake1 _h nev] be5 a virtue ) ! ,roman cl]gy4 ,fa!r ,newman in=ms u t x ne$ n1 &1 on ! :ole1 ought n to be4 ,*all5g$ to )draw or sub/antiate ?is *>ge1 ,k+sley did nei!r1 :]eupon ,newman1 aft] mu* correspond5ce1 wrote 8 ,apologia1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 bi-mon?ly p>ts4 ,newman di$ on ,augu/ #aa1 #ahij4 ,i4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,my ,,religi\s ,,op9ions ,,to #ahcc ,i 0 br\ght up to delight 9 ! ,bible1 b ,i _h no =m$ religi\s convictions till ,i 0 fifte54 ,( c\rse1 _h a p]fect k ( my ,cate*ism4 ,b :5 ,i 0 fifte5 ,i fell "u ! influ5ce ( a def9ite cre$1 & believ$ t ! inw>d conv]sion ( :i* ,i 0 consci\s1 & ( :i* ,i am /ill m c]ta9 ?an t ,i h h&s & feet1 w\ld la/ into ! next life1 & t ,i 0 elect$ to et]nal glory4 ,?is belief fad$ away at ! age ( tw5ty-"o2 b x _h _h "s influ5ce on my op9ions1 9 isolat+ me f ! objects :i* surr\nd$ me1 9 confirm+ my mi/ru/ ( ! reality ( mat]ial ph5om5a1 & 9 mak+ me re/ 9 ! ?\ght ( two1 & two only1 absolute & lum9\sly self-evid5t be+s1 myself & my ,creator4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 also ,i 0 deeply impress$ by ! works ( ,?omas ,scott1 by ,law's ,s]i\s ,call1 by ,joseph ,miln]'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 & by ,newton1 ,on ! ,prophecies4 ,newton's book /a9$ my imag9ation1 till #ahdc1 ) ! doctr9e t ! ,pope 0 ,anti*ri/4 ,at ?is same "t1 ! autumn ( #ahaf1 ,i realis$ t x w\ld be ! w ( ,god t ,i %\ld lead a s+le life1 & ?is anticipation /r5g!n$ my feel+ ( sep>ation f ! visible _w4 ,9 #ahbb1 at ,ox=d1 ,i came "u new influ5ces4 ,dr4 ,hawk9s1 !n vic> ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 a man ( mo/ exact m9d1 l$ me to ! doctr9e ( tradition1 & taught me to anticipate t be=e _m ye>s !re w\ld be an attack made ^u ! books & ! canon ( ,scripture4 ,he gave me ,summ]'s ,treatise on ,apo/olic ,prea*+1 by :i* ,i 0 l$ to give up my rema9+ ,calv9ism1 & to receive ! doctr9e ( baptismal reg5]ation4 ,i n[ read ,butl]'s ,analogy1 f :i* ,i le>n$ two pr9ciples :i* und]lie mu* ( my tea*+3 fir/1 t ! idea ( an analogy betwe5 ! sep>ate works ( ,god leads to ! conclusion t ! less important sy/em is sacram5tally connect$ ) ! m mom5t\s sy/em2 & secondly1 ,butl]'s doctr9e t probability is ! guide ( life l$ me to ! "q ( ! logical cog5cy ( fai?4 ,i owe mu* to ,dr4 ,:ately1 :o taught me ! exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur* z a sub/antive corporation1 & fix$ 9 me ^? anti-,era/ian views ( ,*ur* polity :i* *>act]iz$ ! ,tract>ian movem5t4 ,t movem5t1 unkn[n to ourselves1 0 tak+ =m4 ,its true au?or1 ,john ,keble1 _h left ,ox=d = a c\ntry p>i%1 b 8 ,*ri/ian ,ye> _h wak$ a new music 9 ! he>ts ( ?\s&s4 ,8 creative m9d repeat$1 9 a new =m1 ,butl]'s two pr9ciples3 t mat]ial ph5om5a are ! types & in/rum5ts ( real ?+s unse52 & t1 9 religi\s c]titude1 fai? & love give to probability a =ce :i* x has n 9 itself4 ,hurrell ,fr\de1 "o ( 8 pupils & a man ( high g5ius1 taught me to v5]ate ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & to dislike ! ,re=mation4 ,ab\t #ahcj ,i set to "w on ,! ,arians ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury1 & ! broad philosophy ( ,clem5t & ,orig51 bas$ on ! my/ical or sacram5tal pr9ciple1 came l music to my inw>d e>4 ,great ev5ts 7 n[ happ5+ at home & abroad4 ,!re _h be5 a revolution 9 ,france1 & ! re=m agitation 0 go+ on ar\nd me z ,i wrote4 ,! vital "q 01 h[ 7 we to keep ! ,*ur* f be+ lib]alis$8 ,i saw t re=mation pr9ciples 7 p[]less to rescue h]4 ,i ev] kept be=e me t !re 0 some?+ great] ?an ! ,e/abli%d ,*ur*1 & t 0 ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic1 ( :i* %e 0 b ! local pres5ce & ! organ4 ,%e 0 no?+1 unless %e 0 ?is4 ,i 0 n[ dis5gag$ f college duties2 my heal? _h suff]$ f "w2 & 9 ,decemb]1 #ahcb1 ,i jo9$ ,hurrell ,fr\de & 8 fa!r1 :o 7 go+ to ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,i w5t to v>i\s coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,i saw no?+ b :at 0 ext]nal2 ( ! hidd5 life ( ,ca?olics ,i knew no?+4 ,engl& 0 9 my ?\ghts solely1 & ! success ( ! lib]al cause frett$ me4 ,! ?\ght came ^u me t deliv]ance is wr\ght n by ! _m b by ! few1 n by bodies b by p]sons4 ,i began to ?9k t ,i _h a mission4 ,i rea*$ ,engl& on ,july #i1 & on ,july #ad ,mr4 ,keble prea*$ 9 ! univ]sity pulpit on ,national ,apo/asy4 ,?is day 0 ! />t ( ! religi\s movem5t ( #ahcc4 ,,ii4--,,) ,,! ,,tract>ians ,a movem5t _h begun 9 opposition to ! dang] ( lib]alism :i* 0 ?reat5+ ! religion ( ! nation4 ,mr4 ,keble1 ,hurrell ,fr\de1 ,mr4 ,william ,palm]1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,purceval1 ,mr4 ,hugh ,rose1 & o!r zeal\s1 & able m5 _h unit$ _! c\nsels4 ,i _h ! exultation ( heal? re/or$1 a joy\s en]gy :i* ,i nev] _h be=e or s9ce4 ,& ,i _h a supreme confid5ce 9 our cause2 we 7 uphold+ t primitive ,*ri/ianity :i* 0 deliv]$ = all "t by ! e>ly tea*]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ow+ to ?is supreme confid5ce1 my behavi\r _h a mixture 9 x bo? ( fi]c5ess1 & ( sport1 & on ?is acc\nt x gave (f5ce to _m4 ,! ?ree propositions ab\t :i* ,i 0 s confid5t 7 z foll[3 ,fir/ 0 ! pr9ciple ( dogma2 my battle 0 ) lib]alism--& by lib]alism ,i mean ! anti-dogmatic pr9ciple & its developm5ts4 ,i h *ang$ 9 _m ?+s1 b n 9 ?is2 religion1 z a m]e s5tim5t1 has be5 to me f *ildhood a dream & a mock]y4 ,secondly1 ,i 0 confid5t t !re 0 a visible ,*ur*1 ) sacram5ts & rites :i* are ! *annels ( invisible grace4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i h n *ang$4 ,b1 ?irdly1 ,i held a view ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome :i* ,i h utt]ly r5\nc$ s9ce4 ,! attack ( lib]alism ^u ! univ]sity & ^u ! old or?odoxy ( ,engl& began 9 #ahcd4 ,?us1 9 a pamphlet by ,dr4 ,hampd5 x 0 ma9ta9$ t religion is di/9ct f !ological op9ion1 t x is b a common prejudice to id5tify !ological propositions ) ! simple religion ( ,*ri/2 & s on4 ,! tracts 7 widely read & discuss$1 b ! c\nt]-attack aga9/ lib]alism 0 n a p[] until ,dr4 ,pusey jo9$ u4 ,8 great le>n+1 8 imm5se dilig5ce1 8 simple devotion to ! cause ( religion1 no less ?an 8 great influ5ce 9 ! univ]sity1 at once gave u a position & a "n4 ,he taught u t !re ought to be m s5se ( responsibility 9 ! tracts & 9 ! :ole movem5t4 ,"u 8 influ5ce ,i wrote a "w def9+ our relation to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 namely1 ,! ,prophetical ,(fice ( ! ,*ur* view$ relatively to ,romanism & to ,popul> ,prote/antism4 ,! subject ( ?is volume1 publi%$ 9 #ahcg1 is ! ,via ,m$ia4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by my ,essay on ,ju/ification1 & o!r works2 & s ,i w5t on = ye>s up to #ahda4 ,x 01 9 a human po9t ( view1 ! happie/ "t ( my life4 ,we prosp]$ & spread4 ,b ! movem5t 0 to come into collision ) ! nation1 & ) ! ,*ur* ( ! nation4 ,9 #ahch my bi%op made "s light animadv]sions on ! tracts4 ,b my tract on ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 design$ to %[ t ! ,articles d n oppose ,ca?olic tea*+1 & b p>tially oppose ,roman dogma1 :ile !y d oppose ! dom9ant errors ( ,rome1 br\ght d[n1 9 #ahci1 a /orm ( indignation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,i saw t my place 9 ! movem5t 0 lo/4 ,,iii4--,a ,,!ological ,,dea?-,,b$ ,9 ! long vacation ( #ahci ,i began to /udy ! hi/ory ( ! ,monophysites1 & 0-absorb$ 9 ! doctr9al "q4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is c\rse ( read+ t = ! fir/ "t a d\bt came ^u me ( ! t5abl5ess ( ,anglicism1 & by ! end ( ,augu/ ,i 0 s]i\sly al>m$4 ,my /ronghold 0 antiquity2 yet "h1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 ,i f\nd ,*ri/5dom ( ! sixte5? & n9ete5? c5turies reflect$4 ,! drama ( religion & ! combat ( tru? & error 7 ev] "o & ! same2 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,roman ,*ur* n[ 7 ^? ( ! ,*ur* !n2 ! pr9ciples ( h]etics !n 7 ^? ( ,prote/ants n[2 !re 0 an awful similitude4 ,be my s\l ) ! sa9ts6 ,9 ! same mon? ! words ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 7 po9t$ out to me1 ,securus judicat orbis t]r>um2 !y /ruck me ) a p[] :i* ,i _h nev] felt f any words be=e2 ! !ory ( ! ,via ,m$ia 0 absolutely pulv]is$4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahda1 9 retirem5t at ,littlemore1 ,i receiv$ ?ree bl[s :i* broke me4 ,fir/1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,arians ,i f\nd ! same ph5om5a :i* ,i _h f\nd 9 ! ,monophysites3 ! pure ,arians 7 ! ,prote/ants1 ! semi-,arians 7 ! ,anglicans1 & ,rome n[ 0 :at x 0 !n4 ,secondly1 ! bi%ops1 "o aft] ano!r1 began to *>ge aga9/ me 9 a =mal1 det]m9ate movem5t4 ,?ird1 x 0 propos$ by ,anglican au?orities to e/abli% an ,anglican bi%opric 9 ,j]usalem--a /ep :i* am\nt$ to a =mal d5ial t ! ,anglican ,*ur* 0 a bran* ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & to a =mal ass]tion t ! ,anglican 0 a ,prote/ant ,*ur*4 ,! ,j]usalem bi%opric br\ght me to ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 ,f ! end ( #ahda ,i 0 on my dea?-b$1 z reg>ds my memb]%ip ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 ?\gh at ! "t ,i became aw>e ( x only by degrees4 ,a dea?-b$ has sc>cely a hi/ory2 x is a t$i\s decl9e1 ) seasons ( rally+ & seasons ( fall+ back4 ,my position at fir/ 0 ?is3 ,i _h giv5 up my place 9 ! movem5t 9 ! spr+ ( #ahda1 b ,i c\ld n give up my duties t[>ds ! _m & v>i\s m9ds :o _h be5 br\ght into x by me2 ,i expect$ gradually to fall back into lay communion2 ,i nev] contemplat$ leav+ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&2 ,i c\ld n hold (fice 9 its s]vice if ,i 7 n all[$ to hold ! ,ca?olic s5se ( ! ,articles2 ,i c\ld n g to ,rome :ile %e suff]$ hon\rs to be paid to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ! sa9ts :i* ,i ?\ght 9 my consci5ce to be incompatible ) ! supreme glory ( ! ,"o1 ,inf9ite & ,et]nal2 ,i desir$ a union ) ,rome "u conditions1 ,*ur* ) ,*ur*2 ,i call$ ,littlemore my ,torres ,v$ras1 & ?\ght t "s day we might advance aga9 )9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*2 ,i kept back all p]sons :o 7 dispos$ to g to ,rome ) all my might4 ,! ,via ,m$ia 0 n[ an impossible idea2 ,i ab&on$ t old gr\nd1 & took ano!r4 ,i said1 ,mu* z ,roman ,ca?olics may d5\nce u at pres5t z s*ismatical1 !y c\ld n resi/ u if ! ,anglican communion _h b t "o note ( ! ,*ur* ^u x--sanctity4 ,i 0 pleas$ ) my new view1 b my fri5ds 7 naturally (f5d$ at a novel l9e ( argum5t :i* sub/itut$ a sort ( me?odi/ic self-contemplation = ! pla9 & hone/ tok5s ( a div9e mission 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*4 ,9 spite ( my +ra9$ fe>s ( ,rome1 9 spite ( my affection = ,ox=d & ,oriel1 yet ,i _h a secret long+ love ( ,rome1 ! ,"m ( ,engli% ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 ! consci\sness ( ?is bias 9 myself :i* made me prea* s e>ne/ly aga9/ ! dang] ( be+ sway$ 9 religi\s inquiry by our sympa?y r ?an by our reason4 ,i 0 9 great p]plexity1 & h>dly knew :]e ,i /ood2 ,i incurr$ ! *>ge ( weakness f "s m51 & ( my/]i\sness & und]h& deal+ f ! majority4 ,b ,i h nev] _h any suspicion ( my own hone/y4 ,9 ,july1 #ahdd1 ,i wrote to a fri5d3 ,i am f> m c]ta91 accord+ to ! fa!rs1 t we are 9 a /ate ( culpable sep>ation ?an t developm5ts d n exi/ "u ! ,gospel1 & t ! ,roman developm5ts are n ! true ones4 ,i !n saw t ! pr9ciple ( developm5t 0 disc]nible f ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,ca?olic tea*+ up to ! pres5t day4 ,i came to ! conclusion t !re 0 no m$ium1 9 true philosophy1 betwe5 a!ism & ,ca?olicity1 & t a p]fectly consi/5t m9d mu/ embrace ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,i saw t no valid reasons c\ld be assign$ = cont9u+ 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 & t no ,valid objections c\ld be tak5 to jo9+ ! ,roman4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahdc1 ,i _h made a =mal retraction ( all ! h>d ?+s :i* ,i _h said aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & 9 ,septemb] ,i _h resign$ ! liv+ ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,littlemore includ$4 ,i began my ,essay on ! ,developm5t ( ,doctr9e 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahde1 & 0 h>d at x till ,octob]4 ,be=e ,i got to ! end1 ,i resolv$ to be receiv$ into ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,fa!r ,dom9ic came to ,littlemore on ,octob] #h1 & did = me ?is *>itable s]vice4 ,i left ,ox=d = good on ,febru>y #bc1 #ahdf4 ,,iv4--,,! ,,fai? ,,( ,a ,,ca?olic ,f ! "t t ,i became a ,ca?olic ( c\rse ,i h no fur!r hi/ory ( my religi\s op9ions to n>rate4 ,i d n mean t ,i h giv5 up ?9k+ on !ological subjects1 b t ,i h _h no v>iations to record1 & h _h no anxiety ( he>t :atev]4 ,i h be5 9 p]fect peace2 ,i nev] h _h "o d\bt4 ,nor _h ,i any tr\ble ab\t receiv+ ^? additional articles :i* are n f\nd 9 ! ,anglican cre$4 ,i am f> f d5y+ t e article ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$ is beset ) difficulties1 & x is simple fact t ,i _c answ] ^? difficulties4 ,b t5 ?\s& difficulties d n make "o d\bt4 ,( all po9ts ( fai?1 ! be+ ( a ,god is encompass$ ) mo/ difficulty1 & yet borne 9 ^u our m9ds ) mo/ p[]4 ,/>t+1 !n1 ) ! be+ ( a ,god1 :i* is z c]ta9 to me z my own exi/5ce1 ,i look out ( myself into ! _w ( m51 & !re ,i see a sight :i* fills me ) unspeakable di/ress4 ,! _w seems simply to give ! lie to t great tru?1 ( :i* my :ole be+ is s full2 ,i look into ?is liv+1 busy _w1 & see no reflection ( its ,creator4 ,to consid] ! _w 9 its l5g? & bread?1 its v>i\s hi/ory2 ! progress ( ?+s1 z if f unreason+ elem5ts1 n t[>ds f9al causes2 ! greatness & littl5ess ( man1 8 f>-rea*+ aims1 8 %ort duration1 ! curta9 hung ov] 8 futurity1 ! defeat ( good1 ! preval5ce & int5sity ( s91 ! dre>y1 hopeless irreligion--all ?is is a vision to dizzy & appal1 & inflicts ^u ! m9d ! s5se ( a pr(\nd my/]y :i* is absolutely beyond human solution4 ,:at %all be said to ?is he>t-pi]c+1 reason-bewild]+ fact8 ,i c only answ]1 t ei!r !re is no ,creator1 or ?is liv+ society ( m5 is 9 a true s5se disc>d$ f ,8 pres5ce4 ,& n[1 suppos+ x 7 ! bless$ w ( ! ,creator to int]f]e 9 ?is an>*ical condition ( ?+s1 :at w\ld be ! me?ods :i* might be necess>ily or naturally involv$ 9 ,8 purpose ( m]cy8 ,:at mu/ be ! face-to-face antagoni/1 by :i* to )/& & baffle ! fi]ce en]gy & passion & ! all-corrod+1 all-dissolv+ scepticism ( ! intellect 9 religi\s inquiries8 ,!re is no?+ to surprise ! m9d1 if ,he %\ld ?9k fit to introduce a p[] into ! _w1 inve/$ ) ! pr]ogative ( infallibility 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,su* a provision w\ld be a direct1 imm$iate1 active1 & prompt means ( )/&+ ! difficulty2 & :5 ,i f9d t ?is is ! v claim ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 n only d ,i feel no difficulty 9 admitt+ ! idea1 b !re is a fitness 9 x :i* recomm5ds x to my m9d4 ,i am def5d+ myself f ! *>ge t ,i1 z a ,ca?olic1 n only make pr(ession to hold doctr9es :i* ,i _c possibly believe 9 my he>t1 b t ,i also believe 9 a p[] on e>?1 :i* at its own w imposes ^u m5 any new set ( cr$5da1 :5 x pleases1 by a claim to infallibility2 & t ! necess>y effect ( su* a condition ( m9d mu/ be a degrad+ bondage1 or a bitt] inw>d rebellion reliev+ itself 9 secret infidelity1 or ! necessity ( ignor+ ! :ole subject ( religion 9 a sort ( disgu/1 & ( me*anically say+ ev]y?+ t ! ,*ur* says4 ,b ?is is f> f ! result2 x is f> f borne out by ! hi/ory ( ! conflict betwe5 infallibility & reason 9 ! pa/1 & ! prospect 9 ! future4 ,! en]gy ( ! human intellect ?rives & is joy\s1 ) a t\gh1 ela/ic /r5g?1 "u ! t]rible bl[s ( ! div9ely fa%ion$ weapon4 ,prote/ant writ]s consid] t !y h all ! private judgm5t to !mselves1 & t we h ! sup]9cumb5t oppression ( au?ority4 ,b ?is is n s2 x is ! va/ ,ca?olic body itself1 & x only1 :i* af=ds an ar5a = bo? combatants 9 t awful1 nev]-dy+ duel4 ,/4 ,paul says t 8 apo/olical p[] is giv5 him to edification1 & n to de/ruction4 ,!re c be no bett] acc\nt ( ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*4 ,its object is1 & its effect also1 n to enfeeble ! fre$om or vig\r ( human ?\ght 9 religi\s speculation1 b resi/ & control its extravagance4 ,i w g on 9 fairness to say :at ,i ?9k is ! great trial to ! reason :5 confront$ ) t augu/ pr]ogative ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* claims1 n only to judge infallibly on religi\s que/ions1 b to animadv]t on op9ions 9 secul> matt]s :i* be> ^u religion1 on matt]s ( philosophy1 ( sci5ce1 ( lit]ature1 ( hi/ory1 & x dem&s our submission to h] claim4 ,9 ?is prov9ce1 tak5 z a :ole1 x does n s mu* speak doctr9ally1 z en=ce measures ( discipl9e4 ,i w g on to say fur!r1 t1 9 spite ( all ! mo/ ho/ile critics may urge ab\t ^! v]ities ( high ecclesia/ics 9 "t pa/1 9 ! use ( _! p[]1 ,i ?9k t ! ev5t has %[n1 aft] all1 t !y 7 ma9ly 9 ! "r1 & t ^? :om !y 7 h>d ^u 7 ma9ly 9 ! wrong4 ,!re is a "t = ev]y?+1 & _m a man desires a re=mation ( an abuse1 or ! full] developm5t ( a doctr9e1 or ! adoption ( a p>ticul> policy1 b =gets to ask himself :e!r ! "r "t = x is come4 ,!re is only "o o!r subject :i* ,i ?9k x necess>y to introduce "h1 z be>+ ^u ! vague suspicions :i* are atta*$ 9 ?is c\ntry to ! ,ca?olic prie/hood4 ,x is "o ( :i* my accus]s h be=e n[ said mu*--! *>ge ( res]ve & economy4 ,i come to ! direct "q ( tru?1 & ( ! tru?fulness ( ,ca?olic prie/s g5]ally 9 _! deal+s ) ! _w1 z be>+ on ! g5]al "q ( _! hone/y1 & ( _! int]nal belief 9 _! religi\s pr(essions4 ,fir/1 ,i w say t :5 ,i became a ,ca?olic1 no?+ /ruck me m at once ?an ! ,engli% outspok5 mann] ( ! prie/s4 ,!re 0 no?+ ( t smoo?ness or mann]ism :i* is commonly imput$ to !m4 ,next1 ,i 0 /ruck1 :5 ,i _h m opportunity ( judg+ ( ! prie/s1 by ! simple fai? 9 ! ,ca?olic cre$ & sy/em1 ( :i* !y always give evid5ce1 & :i* !y nev] seem$ to feel 9 any s5se at all to be a burd54 ,vague *>ges aga9/ u are drawn f our books ( moral !ology4 ,/4 ,alfonso ,liguori1 = in/ance1 lays d[n t an equivocation is all[able 9 an extraord9>y case4 ,i av[ at once t 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( morality1 ,i l ! ,engli% rule ( conduct bett]4 ,yet1 great ,engli% au?ors1 ,j]emy ,taylor1 ,milton1 ,paley1 ,johnson1 di/9ctly say t "u extraord9>y circum/ances x is all[able to tell a lie4 ,w\ld anyone give ev] s little weight to ^! /atem5ts1 9 =m+ an e/imate ( ! v]acity ( ! writ]s8 ,&1 9 fact1 x is notori\s f ,/4 ,alfonso's life t he _h "o ( ! mo/ scrupul\s & anxi\s ( consci5ces2 &1 fur!r1 he 0 orig9ally 9 ! law1 & 0 betray$ on "o occasion by accid5t into :at seem$ l a deceit1 & ?is 0 ! v occasion ( 8 leav+ ! pr(ession4 ,if ,prote/ants wi% to "k :at our real tea*+ is1 let !m look at ! ,cate*ism ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,let me appeal also to ! life ( ,/4 ,philip ,n]i1 f\nd] ( ! ,oratory3 ,z = li>s1 he c\ld n endure !m1 & he 0 cont9ually rem9d+ 8 spiritual *ildr5 to avoid !m z !y w\ld a pe/il5ce4 ,^! are ! pr9ciples on :i* ,i h act$ be=e ,i 0 a ,ca?olic1 ^! are ! pr9ciples :i*1 ,i tru/1 w be my /ay & guidance to ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?omas ,,pa9e ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,reason ,9 #aggd1 ,?omas ,pa9e1 ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 l&$ unkn[n & p5niless 9 ! ,am]ican colonies4 ,born at ,!t=d1 ,norfolk1 ,engl&1 ,jan4 #bi1 #agcg1 ( poor ,quak] p>5ts1 he _h tri$ _m occupations1 & _h succe$$ 9 none4 ,)9 two ye>s he _h become an intellectual lead] ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,beg9n+ 8 lit]>y c>e] ) an attack on slav]y1 he cont9u$ x 9 #aggf by publi%+ 8 pamphlet ,common ,s5se1 :i* gave an electric inspiration to ! cause ( sep>ation & republicanism among ! coloni/s4 ,aft] s]v+ ! new commonweal? 9 (fice & ) 8 p51 he w5t to ,france on an (ficial mission 9 #agha2 !n return$ to 8 native ,engl&1 int5t on fur!r+ 8 views4 ,9 #agic ,pa9e wrote ! fir/ "p ( ,! ,age ( ,reason1 :i* ar\s$ a /orm ( indignation1 b undaunt$1 he add$ a second & a ?ird "p to ! "w1 consi/+ mo/ly ( amplifications ( "s ( ! cont5tions advanc$ 9 ! fir/ "p1 9 ! writ+ ( :i* ,pa9e _h no ,bible to consult4 ,! book1 ! fir/ "p ( :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #agid1 ! second "p 9 #agie1 & ! ?ird 9 #ahja1 is an exposition ( ,deism on a purely sci5tific basis2 ! visible creation 0 ev]y?+ to ,pa9e 9 8 reason+s1 ! religi\s hopes1 fe>s & aspirations ( m5 7 no?+ at all--?is univ]sal human ph5om5on 0 curtly dismiss$ by him z a univ]sal human delusion4 ,_m ( 8 comm5ts on ! ,bible 7 r crude anticipations ( ! mod]n ,high] ,criticism4 ,b 9 deal+ ) ! ,bible1 ,pa9e %[$ ! animus ( a prosecut+ c\nsel r ?an ! imp>tiality ( a judge4 ,8 /ormy life end$ on ,july #h1 #ahji4 7,see also ,,economics1 ,vol4 ,,xiv47 ,i4--,,reveal$ ,,religion ,x has be5 my int5tion1 = sev]al ye>s pa/1 to publi% my ?\ghts ^u religion4 ,z sev]al ( my colleagues1 & o!rs ( my fell[ citiz5s ( ,france1 h giv5 me ! example ( mak+ _! volunt>y & individual pr(ession ( fai?1 ,i also w make m9e2 & ,i d ?is ) all t s9c]ity & frankness ) :i* ! m9d ( man communicates ) itself4 ,i believe 9 "o ,god1 & no m2 & ,i hope = happ9ess beyond ?is life4 ,i believe 9 ! equality ( man1 & ,i believe t religi\s duties consi/ 9 do+ ju/ice1 lov+ m]cy1 & endeav\r+ to make our fell[-creatures happy4 ,i d n believe 9 ! cre$ pr(ess$ by ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 by ! ,roman ,*ur*1 by ! ,greek ,*ur*1 by ! ,turki% ,*ur*1 by ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 nor by any *ur* t ,i "k (4 ,my own m9d is my own *ur*4 ,all national in/itutions ( *ur*es appe> to me no o!r ?an human inv5tions set up to t]rify & enslave mank9d1 & monopolise p[] & pr(it4 ,ea* ( ^? *ur*es %[ c]ta9 books :i* !y call revelation1 or ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! ,jews say t ! ^w ( ,god 0 giv5 by ,god to ,moses face to face2 ! ,*ri/ians say t _! ^w ( ,god came by div9e inspiration2 & ! ,turks say _! ^w ( ,god 7! ,koran7 0 br\ght by an angel f heav54 ,ea* ( ^! *ur*es accuses ! o!r ( unbelief2 &1 = my own "p1 ,i disbelieve !m all4 ,z x is necess>y to affix "r ideas to words1 ,i w1 be=e ,i proce$ fur!r into ! subject1 (f] "s obs]vations on ! ^w revelation4 ,revelation1 :5 appli$ to religion1 means some?+ communicat$ imm$iately f ,god to man4 ,no "o w d5y or dispute ! p[] ( ! ,almighty to make su* a communication if he pleases4 ,b admitt+1 = ! sake ( a case1 t some?+ has be5 reveal$ to a c]ta9 p]son1 & n reveal$ to any o!r p]son1 x is revelation to t p]son only4 ,:5 he tells x to a second p]son1 a second to a ?ird1 a ?ird to a f\r?1 & s on1 x ceases to be a revelation to all ^? p]sons4 ,x is a revelation to ! fir/ p]son only1 & he>say to e o!r2 consequ5tly !y are n oblig$ to believe x1 = !y h only ! ^w ( ! fir/ p]son t x 0 made to him4 ,! _w has be5 amus$ ) ! t]ms reveal$ religion1 & ! g5]ality ( prie/s apply ?is t]m to ! books call$ ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re is no man t believes 9 reveal$ religion /rong] ?an ,i d2 b x is n ! rev]ies ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t t ,i dignify ) t sacr$ title4 ,t :i* is a revelation to me exi/s 9 some?+ :i* no human m9d c inv5t1 no human h& c c\nt]feit or alt]4 ,! ^w ( ,god is ! ,creation we behold2 & ?is ^w ( ,god reveale? to man all t is necess>y = him to "k ( 8 ,creator4 ,d we want to contemplate 8 p[]8 ,we see x 9 ! imm5sity ( 8 creation4 ,d we want to contemplate 8 wisdom8 ,we see x 9 ! un*angeable ord] by :i* ! incompreh5sible :ole is gov]n$4 ,d we want to contemplate 8 munific5ce8 ,we see x 9 ! abundance ) :i* he fills ! e>?4 ,d we want to contemplate 8 m]cy8 ,we see x 9 8 n )hold+ t abundance ev5 f ! un?ankful4 ,d we want to contemplate 8 w1 s f> z x respects man8 ,! goodness he %[s to all is a lesson = our conduct to ea* o!r4 ,9 f9e1 d we want to "k :at ,god is8 ,se>* n ! book call$ ! ,scripture1 :i* any human h& might make1 b ! ,scripture call$ ! ,creation4 ,,ii4--,,!ology ,,& ,,religion ,z to ! ,*ri/ian sy/em ( fai?1 x appe>s to me z a comp\nd made up *iefly ( manism ) b little ,deism1 & is ne> to ,a!ism z twilight is to d>kness4 ,t :i* is n[ call$ natural philosophy1 embrac+ ! :ole circle ( sci5ce1 ( :i* a/ronomy occupies ! *ief place1 is ! /udy ( ! works ( ,god1 & ( ! p[] & wisdom ( ,god 9 8 works1 & is ! true !ology4 ,z to ! !ology t is n[ /udi$ 9 its place1 x is ! /udy ( human op9ions & ( human fancies conc]n+ ,god4 ,x is n ! /udy ( ,god ,himself 9 ! works t ,he has made1 b 9 ! works or writ+s t man has made2 & x is n among ! lea/ ( ! mis*iefs t ! ,*ri/ian sy/em has done to ! _w t x has ab&on$ ! orig9al & beautiful sy/em ( !ology1 l a beautiful innoc5t1 to di/ress & reproa*1 to make room = ! bag ( sup]/ition4 ,x is an inconsi/5cy1 sc>cely possible to be cr$it$1 t any?+ %\ld exi/ "u ! "n ( a religion t held x to be irreligi\s to /udy & contemplate ! /ructure ( ! univ]se t ,god _h made4 ,b ! fact is too well e/abli%$ to be d5i$4 ,! ev5t t s]v$ m ?an any o!r to break ! fir/ l9k 9 ! long *a9 ( despotic ignorance is t kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,re=mation by ,lu!r4 ,f t "t1 ?\gh x does n appe> to h made "p ( ! int5tion ( ,lu!r1 or ( ^! :o are call$ ,re=m]s1 ! sci5ces began to revive1 & lib]ality1 _! natural associate1 began to appe>4 ,?is 0 ! only public good ! ,re=mation did2 = ) respect to religi\s good x might z well n h tak5 place4 ,! my?ology /ill cont9u$ ! same2 & ! multiplicity ( national popes grew out ( ! d[nfall ( ! ,pope ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! prejudice ( unf\nd$ belief (t5 deg5]ates into ! prejudice ( cu/om1 & becomes at la/ rank hypocrisy4 ,:5 m5 f cu/om or fa%ion1 or any worldly motive pr(ess or pret5d to believe :at !y d n believe1 nor c give any reason = believ+1 !y un%ip ! helm ( _! morality1 &1 be+ no long] hone/ 9 _! own m9ds1 !y feel no moral difficulty 9 be+ unju/ to o!rs4 ,x is f ! influ5ce ( ?is vice1 hypocrisy1 t we see s _m *ur* & meet+-go+ pr(essors & pret5d]s to religion s full ( tricks & deceit 9 _! deal+s1 & s loose 9 ! p]=mance ( _! engagem5ts t !y are n to be tru/$ fur!r ?an ! laws ( ! c\ntry w b9d !m4 ,morality has no hold on _! m9ds1 no re/ra9t on _! actions4 ,"o set ( prea*]s make salvation to consi/ 9 believ+4 ,!y tell _! congregations t if !y believe 9 ,*ri/ _! s9s %all be =giv54 ,?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 is an enc\ragem5t to s92 9 ! next place1 ! doctr9e ^! m5 prea* _c be true4 ,ano!r set ( prea*]s tell _! congregations t ,god pr$e/9$ & select$ f all et]nity a c]ta9 numb] to be sav$1 & a c]ta9 numb] to be damn$ et]nally4 ,if ?is 7 true1 ! day ( judgm5t is pa/2 _! prea*+ is 9 va91 & !y _h bett] "w at "s useful call+ = _! livelihood4 ,no?+ t is "h said c apply1 ev5 ) ! mo/ di/ant disrespect1 to ! real "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he 0 a virtu\s & an amiable man4 ,! morality t he prea*$ & practis$ 0 ( ! mo/ b5evol5t k9d1 &1 ?\gh simil> sy/ems ( morality _h be5 prea*$ by ,confucius & by "s ( ! ,greek philosoph]s _m ye>s be=e1 by ! ,quak]s s9ce1 & by _m good m5 9 all ages1 x has n be5 exce$$ by any4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,bible ,if we p]mit ourselves to conceive "r ideas ( ?+s1 we mu/ necess>ily affix ! idea1 n only ( un*angeabl5ess1 b ( ! utt] impossibility ( any *ange tak+ place1 by any means or accid5t :atev]1 9 t :i* we w\ld hon\r ) ! "n ( ,god2 & !re=e ! ^w ( ,god _c exi/ 9 any writt5 or human language4 ,! cont9ually progressive *ange to :i* ! mean+ ( words is subject1 ! want ( an univ]sal language :i* r5d]s translation necess>y1 ! errors to :i* translations are aga9 subject1 ! mi/akes ( copyi/s & pr9t]s1 toge!r ) ! possibility ( wilful alt]ation1 are ( !mselves evid5ces t human language1 :e!r 9 spee* or 9 pr9t1 _c be ! vehicle ( ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! ^w ( ,god exi/s 9 some?+ else4 ,x has be5 ! practice ( all ,*ri/ian comm5tators on ! ,bible1 & ( all ,*ri/ian prie/s & prea*]s1 to impose ! ,bible on ! _w z a mass ( tru?1 & z ! ^w ( ,god2 !y h disput$ & wrangl$1 & h ana!matis$ ea* o!r ab\t ! supposable mean+ ( p>ticul> p>ts & passages !re92 "o has said & insi/$ t su* a passage meant su* a ?+2 ano!r1 t x meant directly ! contr>y2 & a ?ird1 t x meant nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 b some?+ diff]5t f bo?2 & ?is !y h call$ und]/&+ ! ,bible4 ,n[1 in/ead ( wa/+ _! "t1 & heat+ !mselves 9 fracti\s disputations ab\t doctr9al po9ts drawn f ! ,bible1 ^! m5 ought to "k1 & if !y d n x is civility to in=m !m1 t ! fir/ ?+ to be und]/ood is1 :e!r !re is suffici5t au?ority = believ+ ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god1 or :e!r !re is n4 ,i !re=e pass on to an exam9ation ( ! ,books call$ ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! case hi/orically appe>s to be z foll[s3 ,:5 ! ,*ur* my?ologi/s e/abli%$ _! sy/em1 !y collect$ all ! writ+s !y c\ld f9d & manag$ !m z !y pleas$4 ,x is a matt] altoge!r ( unc]ta9ty to u :e!r su* ( ! writ+s z n[ appe> "u ! "n ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t are 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* ^! collectors say !y f\nd !m2 or :e!r !y add$1 alt]$1 abridg$1 or dress$ !m up4 ,be ?is z x may1 !y decid$ by vote :i* ( ! books out ( ! collection !y _h made %\ld be ! ^w ( ,god1 & :i* %\ld n4 ,!y reject$ sev]al2 !y vot$ o!rs to be d\btful1 su* z ! books call$ ! ,apocrypha2 & ^? books :i* _h a majority ( votes !y vot$ to be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,_h !y vot$ o!rwise1 all ! p s9ce call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 _h believ$ o!rwise2 = ! belief ( ! "o comes f ! vote ( ! o!r4 ,:o ! p 7 t did all ?is we "k no?+ (2 !y call !mselves by ! g5]al "n ( ! ,*ur*2 & ?is is all we "k ( ! matt]4 ,!re are matt]s 9 ! ,bible1 said to be done by ! express comm& ( ,god1 t are z %ock+ to humanity & to e idea we h ( moral ju/ice z any?+ done by ,robespi]re1 by ,c>ri]1 by ,joseph le ,b51 9 ,france2 by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies2 or by any o!r assass9 9 mod]n times4 ,are we sure t ! ,creator ( man commission$ ^! ?+s to be done8 ,are we sure t ! books t tell u s 7 writt5 by ,8 au?ority8 ,to read ! ,bible )\t horror1 we mu/ undo ev]y?+ t is t5d]1 sympa?is+1 & b5evol5t 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,speak+ = myself1 if ,i _h no o!r evid5ce t ! ,bible is fabul\s ?an ! sacrifice ,i mu/ make to believe x to be true1 t alone w\ld be suffici5t to det]m9e my *oice4 ,b x c be %[n by int]nal evid5ce t ! ,bible is n entitl$ to cr$it z ! ^w ( ,god4 ,x c readily be prov$ t ! fir/ five books ( ! ,bible1 attribut$ to ,moses1 7 n writt5 by him nor 9 8 "t1 b sev]al hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,moses c\ld n h describ$ 8 own dea?1 nor m5tion$ t he 0 buri$ 9 a valley 9 ! l& ( ,moab4 ,simil>ly1 ! book ( ,jo%ua 0 n writt5 by ,jo%ua2 x is manife/ t ,jo%ua c\ld n write t ,israel s]v$ ! ,"l n only 9 8 days1 b 9 ! days ( ! eld]s t ov]-liv$ him4 ,! book ( ,judges is anonym\s on ! face ( x4 ,! books ( ,samuel 7 n writt5 by ,samuel1 = !y relate _m ?+s t did n happ5 till aft] 8 dea?4 ,! hi/ory 9 ! two books ( ,k+s1 :i* is little m ?an a hi/ory ( assass9ations1 trea*]y1 & w>1 sometimes contradicts itself2 & sev]al ( ! mo/ extraord9>y matt]s relat$ 9 ,k+s are n m5tion$ 9 ! companion books ( ,*ronicles4 ,! book ( ,job has no int]nal evid5ce ( be+ a ,hebrew book2 x appe>s to h be5 translat$ f ano!r language into ,hebrew2 & x is ! only book 9 ! ,bible t c be read )\t indignation or disgu/4 ,x is an error to call ! ,psalms ! ,psalms ( ,david because hi/orical evid5ce %[s t "s ( !m 7 n writt5 until long aft] ! "t ( ,david4 ,! books ( ! prophets are wild1 disord]ly1 & obscure compositions1 ! s-call$ prophecies 9 :i* d n ref] to ,jesus ,*ri/1 b to circum/ances ! ,jewi% nation 0 9 at ! "t !y 7 writt5 or spok54 ,i n[ g on to ! book call$ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,_h x be5 ! object ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to e/abli% a new religion1 he w\ld und\bt$ly h writt5 ! sy/em himself1 or procur$ x to be writt5 9 ,8 lifetime4 ,b !re is no publication extant au!nticat$ ) 8 "n4 ,all ! books call$ ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 writt5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,he 0 a ,jew by bir? & pr(ession1 & he 0 ! ,son ( ,god 9 l mann] t e o!r p]son is2 = ! ,creator is ! ,fa!r ( ,all4 ,! fir/ f\r books--,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john--are altoge!r anecdotal4 ,!y relate ev5ts aft] !y _h tak5 place4 ,!y tell :at ,jesus ,*ri/ did & said1 & :at o!rs did & said to him2 & 9 sev]al in/ances !y relate ! same ev5t diff]5tly4 ,revelation1 !re=e1 is out ( ! "q ) respect to ^! books4 ,! presumption1 moreov]1 is t !y are writt5 by o!r p]sons ?an ^! ^: "n !y be>4 ,! book ( ,acts ( ! ,apo/les belongs also to ! anecdotal "p4 ,all ! re/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 except ! book ( enigmas call$ ! ,revelation1 are a collection ( lett]s "u ! "n ( epi/les1 & ! =g]y ( lett]s "u ! "n ( epi/les4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta91 :i* is t out ( ! matt]s conta9$ 9 ^! books1 toge!r ) ! assi/ance ( "s old /ories1 ! ,*ur* has set up a sy/em ( religion v contradictory to ! "* ( ! p]son ^: "n x be>s4 ,x has set up a religion ( pomp & rev]5ce 9 pret5d$ imitation ( a p]son ^: life 0 humility & pov]ty4 ,,iv4--,,my/]y1 ,,miracle1 ,,& ,,prophecy ,i proce$ to speak ( ! ?ree pr9cipal means t h be5 employ$ 9 all ages & p]haps 9 all c\ntries to impose ^u mank9d4 ,^! ?ree means are my/]y1 miracle1 & prophecy4 ,! two fir/ are incompatible ) true religion1 & ! ?ird ought always to be suspect$4 ,) respect to my/]y1 ev]y?+ we behold is1 9 "o s5se1 a my/]y to u4 ,our own exi/5ce is a my/]y1 ! :ole vegetable _w is a my/]y4 ,we "k n h[ x is t ! se$ we s[ unfolds & multiplies itself4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 z di/9ct f ! op]at+ cause1 is n a my/]y1 because we see x2 & we "k also ! means we are to use1 :i* is no o!r ?an putt+ ! se$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,we "k1 !re=e1 z mu* z is necess>y = u to "k2 & t "p ( ! op]ation t we d n "k1 & :i* if we did we c\ld n p]=m1 ! ,creator takes ^u ,himself & p]=ms x = u4 ,b ?\gh e creat$ ?+ is 9 ?is s5se a my/]y1 ! ^w my/]y _c be appli$ to moral tru?1 any m ?an obscurity c be appli$ to light4 ,! ,god 9 :om we believe is a ,god ( moral tru?1 & n ( my/]y4 ,my/]y is ! antagoni/ ( tru?4 ,x is a fog ( human inv5tion t obscures tru?1 & repres5ts x 9 di/ortion4 ,religion1 !re=e1 be+ ! belief ( a ,god1 & ! practice ( moral tru?1 _c h connection ) my/]y4 ,! belief ( a ,god1 s f> f hav+ any?+ ( my/]y 9 x1 is ( all beliefs ! mo/ easy1 becauses x arises to u out ( necessity4 ,& ! practice ( moral tru?1 or1 9 o!r words1 a practical imitation ( ! goodness ( ,god1 is no o!r ?an our act+ t[>ds ea* o!r z he acts b5ignly t[>ds all4 ,:5 m51 :e!r f policy or pi\s fraud1 set up sy/ems ( religion incompatible ) ! ^w or works ( ,god 9 ! creation1 !y 7 "u ! necessity ( inv5t+ or adopt+ a ^w t %\ld s]ve z a b> to all inquiries & speculations4 ,! ^w my/]y answ]$ ?is purpose1 & ?us x has happ5$ t religion1 :i* 9 itself is )\t my/]y1 has be5 corrupt$ into a fog ( my/]ies4 ,z my/]y answ]$ all g5]al purposes1 miracle foll[$ z an occasional auxili>y4 ,( all ! modes ( evid5ce t ev] 7 inv5t$ to obta9 belief to any sy/em or op9ion to :i* ! "n ( religion has be5 giv51 t ( miracle is ! mo/ inconsi/5t4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 :5ev] rec\rse is _h to %[1 = ! purpose ( procur+ t belief1 x implies a lam5ess or weakness 9 ! doctr9e t is prea*$4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 x is degrad+ ! ,almighty into ! "* ( a %[man1 play+ tricks to amuse & make ! p />e & wond]4 ,x is also ! mo/ equivocal sort ( evid5ce t c be set up2 = ! belief is n to dep5d ^u ! ?+ call$ a miracle1 b ^u ! cr$it ( ! report] :o says t he saw x2 & !re=e ! ?+1 7 x true1 w\ld h no bett] *ance ( be+ believ$ ?an if x 7 a lie4 ,z my/]y & miracle took *>ge ( ! pa/ & ! pres5t1 prophecy took *>ge ( ! future1 & r\nd$ ! t5ses ( fai?4 ,! orig9al mean+ ( ! words prophet & prophesy+ has be5 *ang$1 ! ,old ,te/am5t prophets 7 simply poets & musicians4 ,x is ow+ to ?is *ange 9 ! mean+ ( ! words t ! flights & metaphors ( ! ,jewi% poets1 & phrases & expressions n[ r5d]$ obscure by our n be+ acqua9t$ ) ! local circum/ances to :i* !y appli$ at ! "t !y 7 us$1 h be5 erect$ into prophecies1 & made to b5d explanations at ! w & :imsical conceits ( sect>ies1 exp\nd]s1 & comm5tators4 ,ev]y?+ un9telligible 0 prophetical4 ,v4--,,deism ,fom ! "t ,i 0 capable ( conceiv+ an idea1 & act+ ^u x by reflection1 ,i ei!r d\bt$ ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em or ?\ght x to be a /range affair4 ,x seems z if p>5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession 7 a%am$ to tell _! *ildr5 any?+ ab\t ! pr9ciples ( _! religion4 ,!y sometimes in/ruct !m 9 morals1 & talk to !m ( ! goodness ( :at !y call ,provid5ce4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian /ory ( :at !y call ,god ! ,fa!r putt+ 8 son to dea?1 or employ+ p to d x--= t is ! pla9 language ( ! /ory--_c be told by a p>5t to a *ild2 & to tell him x 0 done to make mank9d happi] & bett] is mak+ ! /ory /ill worse2 & to tell him t all ?is is a my/]y is only mak+ an excuse = ! incr$ibility ( x4 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is f ! pure & simple pr(ession ( deism6 ,! true dei/ has b "o ,deity1 & 8 religion consi/s 9 contemplat+ ! p[]1 wisdom1 & b5ignity ( ! ,deity 9 8 works1 & 9 endeav\r+ to imitate him 9 ev]y?+ moral1 sci5tific1 & me*anical4 ,! religion t approa*es ! ne>e/ ( all o!rs to true deism1 9 ! moral & b5ign "p !re(1 is t pr(ess$ by ! ,quak]s2 b !y h contract$ !mselves too mu* by leav+ ! works ( ,god out ( _! sy/em4 ,?\gh ,i rev]5ce _! philan?ropy1 ,i _c help smil+ at ! conceit1 t if ! ta/e ( ! ,quak] c\ld h be5 consult$ at ! creation :at a sil5t & drab-col\r$ creation x w\ld h be56 ,n a fl[] w\ld h blossom$ its gaieties1 n a bird be5 p]mitt$ to s+4 ,quitt+ ^! reflections1 ,i proce$ to o!r matt]s4 ,our ideas1 n only ( ! almight9ess ( ! ,creator1 b ( ,8 wisdom & ,8 b5efic5ce1 become enl>g$ z we contemplate ! ext5t & /ructure ( ! univ]se4 ,! solit>y idea ( a solit>y _w roll+ or at re/ 9 ! imm5se ocean ( space gives place to ! *e]ful idea ( a society ( worlds1 s happily contriv$ z to adm9i/]1 ev5 by _! motion1 in/ruction to man4 ,we see our own e>? fill$ ) abundance1 b we =get to consid] h[ mu* ( t abundance is ow+ to ! sci5tific k ! va/ ma*9]y ( ! univ]se has unfold$4 ,b :at are we to ?9k ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em ( fai? t =ms itself ^u ! idea ( only "o _w8 ,alas6 :at is ?is to ! mighty ocean ( space & ! almighty p[] ( ! ,creator8 ,f :5ce1 !n1 c\ld arise ! solit>y & /range conceit t ! ,almighty1 :o _h millions ( worlds equally dep5d5t on ,8 protection1 %\ld quit ! c>e ( all ! re/ & come to die 9 our _w1 because !y say "o man & "o woman _h eat5 an apple8 ,x has be5 by reject+ ! evid5ce t ! ^w or works ( ,god 9 ! creation af=ds to our s5ses1 & ! action ( our reason ^u t evid5ce1 t s _m wild & :imsical sy/ems ( fai?1 & ( religion1 h be5 fabricat$ & set up4 ,!re may be _m sy/ems ( religion t s f> f be+ morally bad are 9 _m respects morally good2 b !re c be b "o t is true1 & t "o necess>ily mu/1 z x ev] w1 be 9 all ?+s consi/5t ) ! ev]-exi/+ ^w ( ,god t we behold 9 ,8 works4 ,i %all close by giv+ a summ>y ( ! dei/ic belief3 ,fir/1 t ! creation we behold is ! real ^w ( ,god1 9 :i* we _c be deceiv$4 ,x proclaims ,8 p[]1 x demon/rates ,8 wisdom1 x manife/s ,8 goodness & b5efic5ce4 ,secondly1 t ! moral duty ( man consi/s 9 imitat+ ! moral goodness & b5efic5ce ( ,god manife/$ 9 ! creation t[>ds all ,8 creatures4 ,t see+1 z we daily d1 ! goodness ( ,god to all m51 x is an example call+ ^u all m5 to practise ! same t[>ds ea* o!r1 & consequ5tly t ev]y?+ ( p]secution & rev5ge betwe5 man & man1 & ev]y?+ ( cruelty to animals1 is a violation ( moral duty4 ,x is c]ta9 t1 9 "o po9t1 all nations ( ! e>? & all religions agree4 ,all believe 9 a ,god4 ,! ?+s 9 :i* !y disagree are ! r$undancies annex$ to t belief2 &1 !re=e1 if ev] an univ]sal religion %\ld prevail1 x w n be 9 believ+ any?+ new1 b 9 gett+ rid ( r$undancies1 & believ+ z man believ$ at fir/4 ,b 9 ! meantime let e man foll[1 z he has a "r to d1 ! religion & ! wor%ip he pref]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,blaise ,,pascal ,,lett]s ,,to ,a ,,prov9cial ,blaise ,pascal1 ma!matician1 !ologian1 & "o ( ! greate/ writ]s ( ,fr5* prose1 0 born on ,june #ai1 #afbc1 at ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 & di$ on ,augu/ #ai1 #affb4 ,8 "m di$ 9 8 f\r? ye>1 & ! fa!r1 an em95t lawy]1 took ! boy ) 8 two si/]s to ,p>is4 ,pascal %[$ ! mo/ a/oni%+ ma!matical g5ius2 he produc$ at ! age ( sev5te5 a pr(\nd "w on conic sections1 & devot$ ! foll[+ ye>s to physical rese>*es & to inve/igations 9 ! high] ma!matics4 ,9 #afed1 ,pascal1 hav+ exp]i5c$ a rem>kable vision1 :i* he record$ on a p>*m5t kn[n z 8 amulet1 r5\nc$ ! _w & ent]$ on ! ascetic life1 9 close relations ) ! ,jans5i/ community4 ,h5ce1 9 ! int]e/s ( ,arnauld1 ! ,jans5i/ lead]1 ,pascal issu$ ! fam\s ,lett]s ,writt5 to a ,prov9cial 7,lettres crites p> ,l\is de ,montalte un ,prov9cial de ses ,amis71 a s]ies ( eighte5 tracts direct$ ) ! ke5e/ & bitt]e/ irony aga9/ ! casui/ry ( ! ,jesuits4 ,! ,lett]s appe>$ dur+ a p]iod ( f\rte5 mon?s1 ! fir/ be+ dat$ ,janu>y #bc1 #afef1 & ! la/ ,m>* #bd1 #afeg4 ,!y took ! =m ( little pamphlets1 ea* ( eight or twelve qu>to pages2 !y _h a v l>ge circulation1 & creat$ an imm5se impression ?r\gh\t ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,!y are op5 lett]s1 int5d$ really = ! public & n = any individual4 ,i4--,,lax ,,casui/s ,,sir1--,i s5d y1 z ,i promis$1 ! *ief outl9es ( ! moral tea*+ ( ^! good ,jesuit fa!rs1 ^! m5 s em95t 9 doctr9e & 9 wisdom1 :o are l$ by t div9e wisdom :i* is m tru/wor?y ?an all philosophy4 ,possibly y ?9k t ,i speak 9 je/4 ,i speak s]i\sly1 or1 r1 x is !y :o h spok5 ?us ( !mselves4 ,i only copy _! words :]e !y write1 ,x is a society ( m51 or1 r1 ( angels1 =etold by ! prophet ,isaiah4 ,!y claim to h *ang$ ! face ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we mu/ believe x1 s9ce !y h told u s2 &1 inde$1 y w see h[ f> !y h done s1 :5 y h ma/]$ _! maxims4 ,i took c>e to be in/ruct$ by !mselves & tru/$ to no?+ :i* my fri5d _h told me4 ,i _h be5 told su* /range ?+s t ,i c\ld h>dly believe !m1 until ,i 0 %[n !m 9 _! own books2 & !n ,i c\ld say no?+ 9 _! def5ce1 except t ^! mu/ be ! pr9ciples ( c]ta9 isolat$ ,jesuits1 & n ^? ( ! :ole society4 ,inde$1 ,i 0 able to say t ,i knew ,jesuits :o 7 z sev]e z ^! 7 lax4 ,x 0 on t occasion t ! _s ( ! society 0 expla9$ to me1 = x is n by any means kn[n to e "o4 ,i 0 told z foll[s3 ,y imag9e t y are speak+ 9 _! fav\r :5 y say t !re are among !m fa!rs :o are z ob$i5t to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,gospel z o!rs are di/ant f ^? pr9ciples1 & y conclude !re=e t ^! loose op9ions d n *>act]ise ! :ole society4 ,t is true4 ,b s9ce ! society admits ( s lic5ti\s a doctr9e )9 x1 y mu/ conclude t its _s is n "o ( ,*ri/ian sev]ity4 ,b :at !n1 said ,i1 is ! purpose ( ! :ole in/itution8 ,is x t ev]yone %\ld be free to say :atev] he may happ5 to ?9k8 ,t is n s1 0 ! reply4 ,s great a society c\ld n exi/ )\t discipl9e1 & )\t "o _s gov]n+ & rul+ all its movem5ts4 ,! objects ( ! ,jesuits is n to corrupt morals1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !y h n 9 view z _! s+le object ! re=mation ( morals1 because !y w\ld f9d ?is a political disadvantage4 ,_! pr9ciple is ?is3 !y h s high an op9ion ( !mselves z to believe t x is advantage\s1 & ev5 necess>y1 to ! good ( religion t _! cr$it %\ld ext5d ev]y:]e & t !y %\ld gov]n all consci5ces4 ,& z ! sev]e maxims ( ! ,gospel are suitable = gov]n+ c]ta9 temp]am5ts1 !y make use ( ^! :5ev] !y s]ve _! purpose4 ,b s9ce ^! same maxims d n at all suit ! wi%es ( ! g5]ality ( mank9d1 !y usually put !m aside s z to be able to please ev]yone4 ,!re=e1 hav+ to d ) p ( all sorts & conditions1 & ( div]se nationalities1 !y ne$ casui/s suit$ to all ?is div]sity4 ,f ?is pr9ciple y w easily see t if !y _h none b lax casui/s !y w\ld defeat _! *ief purpose1 :i* is to include ! :ole _w4 ,truly pi\s p seek a m sev]e direction1 b z !re are n _m :o are truly pi\s ! ,jesuits d n ne$ _m /rict directors to guide !m4 ,!y h a few = ! few :o ne$ !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! va/ numb] ( _! lax casui/s are at ! s]vice ( ! innum]able multitude :o seek ! broad & easy way4 ,x is by ?is oblig+ & accommodat+ conduct t !y op5 _! arms to all ! _w4 ,?us1 if someone comes to !m already det]m9$ to make re/itution ( goods :i* he has wrongly acquir$1 y ne$ n fe> t !y w dissuade him4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y w praise & confirm 8 holy resolution4 ,b if ano!r %\ld come wi%+ to h absolution )\t mak+ re/itution1 _! position w\ld be a difficult "o1 if !y _h n ! means ( giv+ him 8 desire4 ,x is ?us t !y keep all _! fri5ds & def5d !mselves aga9/ _! enemies4 ,& if anyone accuses !m ( extreme laxity1 !y imm$iately br+ =w>d _! mo/ au/]e directors1 & c]ta9 books :i* !y h writt5 on ! sev]ity ( ! ,*ri/ian law2 & simple & un9quir+ p are cont5t$ ) ^! pro(s4 ,!y h pro(s = all sorts ( p1 & make su* +5i\s replies to e "q t :5 !y f9d !mselves 9 c\ntries :]e a crucifi$ ,god seems l madness1 !y suppress ! sc&al ( ! ,cross & prea* only ,*ri/ 9 glory4 ,?is !y h done 9 ,india & ,*9a1 :]e !y ev5 condone idolatry by a subtle device2 !y all[ _! p to c>ry ) !m hidd5 images ( ,*ri/1 to :i* !y %\ld address ! public wor%ip o/5sibly paid to _! idols4 ,?is conduct l$ to _! be+ =bidd5 "u pa9 ( excommunication to p]mit ! adoration ( idols1 "u any pretext1 or to hide ! my/]y ( ! ,cross f ^? :om !y in/ruct 9 religion1 & !y h be5 =bidd5 to receive anyone 9 baptism until he has ?is k1 & are enjo9$ to erect 9 _! *ur*es ! image ( ! crucifix4 ,?us !y h spread ov] ! :ole e>? 9 ! /r5g? ( _! doctr9e ( probable op9ions1 :i* is ! f\nt & orig9 ( all ^! irregul>ities4 ,y may le>n ( ?is f !mselves1 = !y take no pa9s to hide x1 except t !y cov] _! human & political prud5ce ) ! pret5ce ( a div9e & ,*ri/ian prud5ce4 ,!y act z if ! fai? & ! tradition :i* ma9ta9s x 7 n = ev] inv>iable at all times & 9 all places1 & z if no?+ m 7 requir$1 9 ord] to remove ! /a9s ( guilt1 ?an to corrupt ! law ( ! ,"l1 in/ead ( reg>d+ t /a9less & holy law z itself ! in/rum5t ( conv]sion1 & con=m+ human s\ls to its salut>y precepts4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,int5tion ,sir1--,i mu/ n[ let y "k :at ! good ,jesuit fa!r told me ab\t ! maxims ( _! casui/s1 ) reg>d to ! po9t ( hon\r among g5tlem54 ,y "k1 said he1 t ?is po9t ( hon\r is ! dom9at+ passion ( m5 9 t rank ( life1 & is con/antly lead+ !m into acts ( viol5ce :i* appe> q contr>y to ,*ri/ian piety4 ,inde$1 we %\ld h to exclude all ( !m f our confessionals1 if our fa!rs _h n 9 "s degree relax$ ! sev]ity ( religion & accommodat$ x to ! weakness ( m54 ,b s9ce !y wi%$ to rema9 atta*$ to ! ,gospel by _! duty t[>ds ,god1 & to m5 ( ! _w by _! *>ity t[>ds _! neighb\r1 !y _h to seek exp$i5ts by :i* !y might make x possible = a man to ma9ta9 8 hon\r 9 ! ord9>y way ( ! _w )\t w\nd+ 8 consci5ce4 ,!y _h to pres]ve1 at ! same "t1 two ?+s :i* are app>5tly s oppos$ to "o ano!r z piety & hon\r4 ,b1 h[ev] valuable _! purpose might be1 its execution 0 exce$+ly difficult4 ,i am surpris$1 ,i said1 t y f9d x difficult4 ,are y8 he repli$4 ,d y n "k t on ! "o h& ! law ( ! ,gospel comm&s u nev] to r5d] evil = evil1 & to leave v5geance to ,god2 & t on ! o!r h& ! laws ( ! _w =bid t we %\ld suff] injury )\t execut+ ju/ice1 ev5 by ! dea? ( our enemies8 ,is x possible t two precepts %\ld be m contr>y to "o ano!r8 ,:at ,i meant to say 01 t aft] :at ,i h se5 ( y\r fa!rs1 ,i "k t !y c easily d ?+s :i* are impossible to o!r m54 ,i am q ready to believe t !y h discov]$ "s means ( reconcil+ ^! two precepts1 & ,i beg ( y to in=m me :at x is4 ,y mu/ "k1 !n1 he repli$1 t ?is wond]ful pr9ciple is our gr& me?od ( direct+ ! int5tion1 a pr9ciple ( great importance 9 our moral sy/em4 ,y h already se5 c]ta9 examples ( x4 ,?us1 :5 ,i expla9$ to y h[ s]vants c\ld c>ry ) a cle> consci5ce c]ta9 h>mful messages1 y mu/ h se5 t x 0 by div]t+ _! int5tion f ! evil ( :i* !y are ! be>]s & by turn+ x to ! ga9 :i* !y receive = _! s]vice4 ,?is is :at we call 'direct+ ! int5tion4' ,9 ! same way y h se5 t ^? :o give money 9 return = b5efices w\ld be guilty ( simony unless !y div]t$ _! int5tion f ! transaction4 ,b ,i am go+ to %[ y ?is gr& me?od 9 all its beauty 9 relation to homicide1 :i* x ju/ifies "u a ?\s& circum/ances4 ,i am ready to believe1 ,i said1 t y\r pr9ciple w p]mit ev]y?+1 & t no?+ w escape x4 ,n at all1 he repli$2 y are always runn+ f "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,we by no means p]mit ev]y?+4 ,= in/ance1 we nev] p]mit ! =mal int5tion ( s91 = ! m]e sake ( s9n+1 & we w h no?+ to d ) anyone :o p]si/s 9 seek+ evil z an end 9 itself1 = t is a devili% int5tion1 9 :atev] age1 sex1 or rank x may be f\nd4 ,b s long z !re is no su* unhappy disposition z t1 we try to put 9 practice our me?od ( direct+ int5tion1 :i* consi/s 9 propos+ a lawful object z ! end ( "o's actions4 ,9 s f> z x is 9 our p[]1 we turn away f =bidd5 ?+s2 b :5 we are unable to prev5t ! action1 we at lea/ try to purify ! int5tion1 & s correct ! vice ( ! means by ! purity ( ! end4 ,t is h[ our fa!rs h be5 able to p]mit ! acts ( viol5ce :i* are committ$ 9 ! def5ce ( hon\r4 ,x is only necess>y to turn away "o's int5tion f ! desire ( v5geance1 :i* is crim9al1 & to re/rict x to ! desire ( def5d+ "o's hon\r1 :i* is a lawful desire4 ,x is ?us t our fa!rs are able to fulfil _! duties t[>ds ,god & t[>ds m5 alike4 ,!y please ! _w by p]mitt+ ! actions1 & !y satisfy ! ,gospel by purify+ ! int5tions4 ,x is a me?od :i* 0 unkn[n to ! anci5ts1 & is entirely due to our fa!rs4 ,d y und]/& x n[8 ,i und]/& x v well1 ,i said4 ,y all[ to m5 ! ext]nal & mat]ial effect ( ! action1 & y give to ,god ! int]nal & spiritual movem5t ( int5tion1 & ?us reconcile ! human ) ! div9e law4 ,b ?\gh ,i und]/& y\r pr9ciple well en\gh1 ,i %\ld l to "k :at are its consequ5ces4--,i %\ld l to "k1 = in/ance1 all ! cases 9 :i* y\r me?od p]mits "o to kill4 ,y h told me t :oev] receives a bl[ may repay x ) a sword-?ru/ )\t ! guilt ( v5geance1 b y h n yet told me h[ f> "o may g4 ,y c h>dly make a mi/ake1 said ! fa!r4 ,y may g z f> z to kill ! man4 ,"o ( our au?orities speaks3 ',x is p]mitt$ to kill a man :o has giv5 a bl[1 ev5 ?\gh he runs away1 on ! condition t x is n done ?r\gh hatr$ or ?r\gh v5geance1 & t "o's actions d n lead to murd]s :i* are excessive & h>mful to ! /ate4' ,! reason is1 t "o may ?us run aft] "o's hon\r z if aft] a /ol5 object4 ,= ?\gh y\r hon\r is n exactly 9 ! h&s ( y\r enemy z if x 7 some?+ :i* he _h pick$ up1 y c yet recov] x 9 ! same way by giv+ a pro( ( greatness & ( au?ority1 & by ?us acquir+ human e/eem4 ,inde$1 he cont9ues3 ',is x n true t he :o has receiv$ a bl[ is consid]$ disgrac$ until he has sla9 8 enemy8' ,?is appe>$ to me s horrible t ,i _h difficulty 9 re/ra9+ myself4 ,i felt t ,i _h he>d en\gh4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,*>ge ,,( ,,raill]y ,rev]5d ,fa!rs1--,i h read ! lett]s :i* y h publi%$ 9 answ] to "s ( m9e on ! subject ( y\r moral pr9ciples2 & ,i f9d t "o ( ! pr9cipal po9ts 9 y\r def5ce is t ,i h n spok5 s]i\sly en\gh ( y\r maxims4 ,y repeat ?is *>ge 9 all y\r writ+s1 & y g s f> z to say t ,i h turn$ holy ?+s into ridicule4 ,?is is a surpris+ & v unju/ reproa*2 = :]e is a passage to be f\nd 9 :i* ,i h treat$ holy ?+s ) raill]y8 ,x is true t ,i h spok5 ) little respect ( ! tea*+s ( c]ta9 among y1 b d y suppose t ! imag9ations ( y\r au?ors are to be tak5 z ! v]ities ( ! fai?8 ,is x impossible to laugh at passages ( ,escob>1 & at ! v fanta/ic & un*ri/ian conclusions ( o!rs ( y\r au?ors )\t be+ accus$ ( ridicul+ religion8 ,are y n afraid le/ y\r reproa*es %\ld give me a new subject = ridicule1 or le/ x %\ld be se5 t :5 ,i make sport ( y\r moral pr9ciples ,i am z f> f laugh+ at holy ?+s z ! doctr9e ( y\r casui/s is f> f ! holy tea*+ ( ! ,evangel6 ,truly1 fa!rs1 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 laugh+ at religion1 & laugh+ at ^? ^: extravagant op9ions are its pr(anation4 ,x w\ld be impi\s to be want+ 9 respect = ! tru?s :i* ! ,_s ( ,god has reveal$1 b x w\ld h>dly be less impi\s t we %\ld n %[ our contempt = ! falsities :i* ! human _s has oppos$ to !m4 ,i pray y to consid] t j z ,*ri/ian tru? is wor?y ( love & ( respect1 ! errors t are contr>y to x des]ve our contempt & hatr$4 ,= !re are two qualities 9 ! tru?s ( our religion1 a div9e beauty :i* compels our love1 & a holy maje/y t dem&s our v5]ation2 & !re are two qualities 9 error1 ! impiety :i* makes x horrible1 & ! imp]t95ce :i* r5d]s x absurd4 ,d n hope1 !re=e1 to p]suade ! _w t x is unwor?y ( ,*ri/ians to deal ) errors z absurdities1 s9ce ?is me?od has be5 common to ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! *ur*1 & is au?oris$ by ,holy ,scriptures1 by ! example ( ! greate/ sa9ts1 & ev5 by t ( ,god himself4 ,= d we n see t ,god at ! same "t hates & despises s9n]s 9 su* a degree t at ! h\r ( _! dea?1 :5 _! condition is at its sadde/ & mo/ deplorable1 ! div9e wisdom is said to unite mock]y & laught] ) ! v5geance & fury :i* condemns !m to p]petual torm5ts4 ,nay1 x is wor?y ( our notice t 9 ! fir/ words :i* ,god spake to man aft] ! fall ! fa!rs ( ! *ur* h discov]$ a tone ( mock]y1 a /++ irony4 ,aft] ,adam _h disobey$1 9 ! hope t ! devil _h giv5 t he w\ld !n be made l a ,god1 x appe>s f ,scripture t ,god's puni%m5t made him subject to dea?1 & t aft] hav+ r$uc$ ,adam to ! mis]able condition :i* 8 s9 _h des]v$1 ,god mock$ him ) words ( pi]c+ irony1 say+3 ,!re is ! man :o has become z "o ( u4 ,y see1 !re=e1 t mock]y is sometimes design$ to turn m5 f _! follies1 & is !n an act ( righte\sness4 ,?us ,j]emiah says t ! de$s ( ! fooli% are wor?y ( laught] because ( _! vanity4 ,&1 aga91 ,/4 ,augu/9e says t ! wise laugh at ! fooli% because !y are wise1 b 9 virtue n ( _! own wisdom1 b ( ! div9e wisdom :i* w mock at ! dea? ( ! wick$4 ,:at8 ,mu/ we call 9 ,scripture & tradition to prove t cutt+ d[n "o's enemy f beh9d1 & 9 an ambu% is a trea*]\s murd]8 ,or t giv+ a pres5t ( money to secure an ecclesia/ical b5efice is to pur*ase x8 ,( c\rse1 !re are tea*+s :i* des]ve our contempt1 & c only be dealt ) by mock]y4 ,are y1 fa!rs1 to be p]mitt$ to tea* t x is lawful to slay 9 ord] to avoid a bl[ & an affront1 yet are we to be =bidd5 to refute publicly s grave an error8 ,are y to be at lib]ty to say t a judge may consci5ti\sly reta9 a bribe giv5 him to pur*ase inju/ice1 yet may we nev] contradict y8 ,are y =mally to pron\nce t a man may be sav$ )\t ev] hav+ lov$ ,god1 & yet close ! m\?s ( ^? :o w\ld def5d ! tru? ( ! fai?1 on ! gr\nd t _! def5ce mu/ w\nd frat]nal *>ity by attack+ y1 & mu/ grieve ,*ri/ian mode/y by laugh+ at y\r maxims8 ,,iv4--,,! ,,s9 ,,( ,,simony ,rev]5d ,fa!rs1--,i 0 ab\t to write to y conc]n+ ! accusations :i* y h s long br\ght aga9/ me1 :]e9 y call me impi\s1 buffoon1 rogue1 impo/or1 calumniator1 sw9dl]1 h]etic1 disguis$ ,calv9i/1 "o possess$ ( a legion ( devils4 ,i wi% ! _w to "k :y y speak ?us1 = ,i %\ld be sorry t anyone %\ld ?9k ?us ( me2 & ,i _h already made up my m9d to compla9 publicly ( y\r calumnies & impo/ures :5 ,i saw y\r replies1 :]e9 y br+ ! same *>ges aga9/ me4 ,y h ?us =c$ me to *ange my purpose4 ,yet ,i %all /ill c>ry x out 9 "s degree1 inasmu* z ,i hope t my def5ce w convict y ( m real impo/ures :i* y h imput$ to me4 ,truly1 fa!rs1 y\r position is m op5 to suspicion ?an m9e1 = x is v unlikely t ,i1 be+ alone z ,i am1 & )\t /r5g? or human support aga9/ s p[]ful a society z y\rs1 & be+ su/a9$ only by tru? & s9c]ity1 %\ld h expos$ myself to ! risk ( los+ all1 by expos+ myself to a conviction ( impo/ure4 ,b y\r position1 fa!rs1 is diff]5t2 y c say ( me :at y please1 & ,i c f9d no "o to :om ,i may compla94 ,well1 y h *os5 y\r gr\nd1 & ! w> %all be made 9 y\r c\ntry & at y\r exp5se4 ,d n fe> t ,i %all be t$i\s2 !re is some?+ s div]t+ ab\t y\r maxims t !y nev] fail to rejoice ! _w4 ,let me closely expla91 = in/ance1 y\r doctr9e ) reg>d to simony4 ,f9d+ y\rself 9 a dilemma betwe5 ! canons ( ! *ur*1 :i* =bid ) ! sev]e/ p5alties any trade 9 ecclesia/ical b5efices1 & ! av>ice ( s _m p :o promote ?is infam\s traffic1 y h foll[$ y\r ord9>y me?od1 :i* is to give to m5 :at !y desire1 & to (f] to ,god no?+ b words & appe>ances4 ,= :at d simonfacal p]sons dem&1 if n t !y %all receive money 9 return = _! b5efices8 ,b t is precisely ! transaction :i* y h cle>$ f ! guilt ( simony4 ,yet1 s9ce y _c d away ) ! "n ( simony1 & !re mu/ be "s matt] to :i* ! "n atta*es1 y h devis$ = t purpose an imag9>y idea1 :i* nev] ent]s ! m9ds ( simoniacs at all1 & inde$ w\ld be q useless to !m4 ,?is is1 t simony consi/s 9 valu+ ! money1 consid]$ 9 itself1 z highly z ! spiritual privilege1 consid]$ 9 itself4 ,:o w\ld ev] dream ( comp>+ ?+s :i* are s disproportionate & ( su* diff]5t k9ds8 ,yet1 accord+ to y\r au?ors1 s long z a man does n ent]ta9 ?is metaphysical comp>ison1 he may give 8 b5efice to ano!r1 & may receive money 9 return1 )\t incurr+ ! guilt ( simony4 ,x is ?us t y make game ( religion 9 ord] to p&] to human passions4 ,! abusive language :i* y utt] aga9/ me w nev] cle> up our diff]5ces1 nor %all any ( y\r ?reats re/ra9 me f def5d+ myself4 ,y tru/ 9 y\r /r5g? & impunity1 b ,i believe t ,i possess tru? & innoc5ce4 ,! w> by :i* viol5ce attempts to oppress ! tru? is a /range & a long "o1 = all ! ef=ts ( viol5ce are unable to weak5 tru?1 & s]ve only to make x m evid5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ! light ( tru? c d no?+ to arre/ viol5ce1 b r inflames x4 ,:5 =ce combats =ce1 ! /rong] de/roys ! weak]2 :5 argum5t is oppos$ to argum5t1 true & conv9c+ reason+ conf\nds t :i* is bas$ on vanity & lies2 b viol5ce & tru? h1 no p[] "o ov] ! o!r4 ,t is n to say t ^! two ?+s are equal4 ,!re is ?is extreme diff]5ce betwe5 !m3 ! c>e] ( viol5ce is limit$ by ! div9e ord]1 :i* det]m9es its effects to ! glory ( ! tru? :i* x attacks2 b tru?1 on ! o!r h&1 exi/s ext]nally1 & triumphs at la/ ov] its enemies1 because x is et]nal & p[]ful z ,god ,himself4 ,v4--,,homicide ,let u n[ see1 fa!rs1 h[ y value t life ( man1 :i* is s jeal\sly safegu>d$ by human ju/ice4 ,x appe>s f y\r novel laws t !re is only "o judge 9 a case ( affront or injury1 & t ?is judge is to be he :o has receiv$ ! (f5ce4 ,he is to be at ! same "t judge1 pla9tiff1 & execution]4 ,he dem&s ! dea? ( ! (f5d]1 s5t5ces him to dea?1 & imm$iately executes ! s5t5ce2 & s1 )\t respect ei!r = ! body or = ! s\l ( 8 bro!r1 slays & imp]ils ! salvation ( him = :om ,*ri/ di$4 ,& all ?is is to be done to avoid a bl[1 a sl&]1 an insult+ ^w1 or "s o!r (f5ce = :i* nei!r ! law nor any au?oris$ judge c\ld assign ! p5alty ( dea?4 ,n only s1 b ev5 a prie/ is held to h contract$ nei!r s9 nor irregul>ity 9 ?is infliction ( dea? )\t au?ority & aga9/ law4 ,c ^! be religi\s m5 & prie/s :o speak 9 ?is way8 ,are !y ,*ri/ians or ,turks--m5 or demons8 ,spread ov] ! :ole e>?1 accord+ to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 !re are two peoples & two worlds--! _w ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 :o =m "o body1 ( :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ is k+1 & ! _w ( ! enemies ( ,god1 ( :om ! devil is k+4 ,n[1 ,*ri/ has f\nd$ hon\r on suff]+2 ! devil has f\nd$ x on ! refusal to suff]4 ,*ri/ has taught ^? :o receive a bl[ to (f] ! o!r *eek2 b ! devil has taught ^? :o are 9 dang] ( a bl[ to kill ! enemy :o ?reat5s !m4 ,consid]1 !re=e1 fa!rs1 to :i* ( ^! two k+doms y belong4 ,y h he>d ! language ( ! city ( peace1 :i* is call$ ! my/ical ,j]usalem1 & y h he>d ! language ( ! city ( turmoil1 :i* is call$ 9 ! ,scriptures ! spiritual ,sodom4 ,:i* ( ^! two languages d y und]/&8 ,accord+ to ,/4 ,paul1 ^? :o belong to ,*ri/ act & speak on 8 pr9ciples2 &1 accord+ to ! words ( ,*ri/1 ^? :o are ! *ildr5 ( ! devil1 :o has be5 a murd]] f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 foll[ 8 maxims4 ,we li/51 !re=e1 to ! language ( y\r tea*]s1 & ask ( !m :e!r :5 a bl[ is ?reat5$1 we ought to suff] x r ?an slay ! (f5d]1 or :e!r we may kill him 9 ord] to escape ! affront8 ,lessius1 ,mol9a1 ,escob>1 & o!r ,jesuits say t x is lawful to kill ! man :o ?reat5s a bl[4 ,is t ! language ( ,jesus ,*ri/8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,william ,,p5n ,,"s ,,fruits ,,( ,,solitude ,william ,p5n 0 born 9 ,london on ,octob] #ad1 #afdd4 ,9 e>ly life he jo9$ ! ,quak]s1 & :ile /ill a "y man und]w5t imprisonm5t = ! expression ( 8 religi\s views4 ,= ,a ,s&y ,f\ndation ,%ak51 an attack on ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 he 0 9 #affh s5t to ! ,t[]1 :]e he wrote1 ,no ,cross1 ,no ,cr[n4 ,"u ,james ,,ii41 h[ev]1 he 0 high 9 ! fav\r ( ! c\rt1 & receiv$ a grant ( ! region aft]w>ds kn[n z ,p5nsylvania1 :i!r he w5t ) a numb] ( 8 co-religioni/s 9 #afhb4 ,aft] 8 return to ,engl&1 he suff]$ by ! fall ( ,james ,,ii41 b "u ,william ,,iii4 0 acquitt$ ( treason1 & sp5t 8 lat] ye>s 9 retirem5t4 ,he di$ at ,ruscombe1 9 ,b]k%ire1 on ,july #cj1 #agah4 ,"s ,fruits ( ,solitude1 or ! ,maxims ( ,william ,p5n1 evid5tly ! result ( "o ( 8 soj\rns 9 prison1 0 lic5s$ 9 #afic4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ,m ,fruits ( ,solitude4 ,! :ole =ms a collection ( maxims :i* are %rewd1 wise1 & *>itable1 in=m$ ) a good c\rage = life1 & a contempt = mean ends1 if 9 _! v>iety !y d n always escape ! t\* ( ! commonplace4 ,! book has become kn[n z a fav\rite ( ,r4,l4 ,/ev5son1 :o said ( x t !re is n ! man liv+--no1 nor rec5tly dead--t c\ld put1 ) s lovely a _s1 s mu* hone/1 k9d wisdom into words4 ,,to ,,! ,,read] ,read]1 ?is ,en*iridion ,i pres5t !e :i* is ! fruit ( solitude2 a s*ool few c>e to le>n 91 ?\gh none in/ructs u bett]4 ,"s p>ts ( x are ! result ( s]i\s reflection2 o!rs ! fla%+s ( lucid int]vals4 ,writ = private satisfaction1 & n[ publi%$ = an help to human conduct4 ,! au?or blesse? ,god = 8 retirem5t1 & kisses t ,g5tle ,h& :i* l$ him into x2 = ?\gh x %\ld prove b>r5 to ! _w1 x c nev] d s to him4 ,he has n[ _h "s "t he c\ld call 8 own2 a prop]ty he 0 nev] s mu* ma/] ( be=e2 9 :i* he has tak5 a view ( himself & ! _w2 & obs]v$ :]e9 he ha? hit & mi/ ! m>k2 :at might h be5 done1 :at m5d$1 & :at avoid$ 9 8 human conduct2 toge!r ) ! omissions & excesses ( o!rs1 z well societies & gov]nm5ts1 z private families & p]sons4 ,& he v]ily ?9ks1 7 he to live ov] 8 life aga91 he c\ld n only1 ) ,god's grace1 s]ve ,him1 b 8 neighb\r & himself1 bett] ?an he ha? done1 & h sev5 ye>s ( 8 "t to sp>e4 ,& yet p]haps he ha? n be5 ! wor/ or ! idle/ man 9 ! _w1 nor is he ! olde/4 ,& ?is is ! r said1 t x might quick5 !e1 read]1 to lose none ( ! "t t is yet ?9e4 ,!re is no?+ ( :i* we are apt to be s lavi% z ( "t1 & ab\t :i* we ought to be m solicit\s2 s9ce )\t x we c d no?+ 9 ?is _w4 ,"t is :at we want mo/1 b :at1 alas6 we use wor/2 & = :i* ,god w c]ta9ly mo/ /rictly reckon ) u1 :5 "t %all be no m4 ,! au?or does n pret5d to deliv] !e an exact piece2 8 bus9ess n be+ o/5tation1 b *>ity4 ',tis miscellane\s 9 ! matt] ( x1 & by no means artificial 9 ! composure4 ,b x conta9s h9ts t may s]ve !e = texts to prea* to ?yself ^u1 & :i* compreh5d mu* ( ! c\rse ( human life4 ,s9ce :atev] be ?y incl9ation or av]sion1 practice or duty1 ?\ wilt f9d some?+ n unsuitably said = ?y direction & advantage4 ,accept & improve :at des]ves ?y notice2 ! re/ excuse1 & place to acc\nt ( good w to !e & ! :ole creation ( ,god4 ,,ignorance ,x is admirable to consid] h[ _m millions ( p come into & g out ( ! _w ignorant ( !mselves & ( ! _w !y h liv$ 94 ,if "o w5t to see ,w9dsor ,ca/le or ,hampton ,c\rt x w\ld be /range n to obs]ve & rememb] ! situation1 ! build+1 ! g>d5s1 f\nta9s1 etc41 t make up ! beauty & pleasure ( su* a seat4 ,& yet few p "k !mselves2 no1 n _! own bodies1 ! h\ses ( _! m9ds1 ! mo/ curi\s /ructure ( ! _w1 a liv+ walk+ tab]nacle3 nor ! _w ( :i* x 0 made1 & out ( :i* x is f$2 :i* w\ld be s mu* our b5efit z well z our pleasure to "k4 ,we _c d\bt ( ?is :5 we are told ! ,invisible ?+s ( ,god are br\ght to light by ! ?+s t are se52 & consequ5tly we read our duty 9 !m z (t5 z we look ^u !m1 to ,him t is ! ,great & ,wise ,au?or ( !m1 if we look z we %\ld d4 ,! _w is c]ta9ly a great & /ately volume ( natural ?+s2 & may n be improp]ly /yl$ ! hi]oglyphics ( a bett]4 ,b1 alas6 h[ v few leaves ( x d we really turn ov]6 ,?is ought to be ! subject ( ! education ( our y\?1 :o at tw5ty1 :5 !y %\ld be fit = bus9ess1 "k little or no?+ ( x4 ,,education ,we are 9 pa9 to make !m s*ol>s1 b n m52 to talk r ?an to "k1 :i* is true cant+4 ,! fir/ ?+ obvi\s to *ildr5 is :at is s5sible2 & t we make no "p ( _! rudim5ts4 ,we press _! memory too soon1 & puzzle1 /ra91 & load !m ) words & rules2 to "k gramm> & rhetoric1 & a /range tongue or two1 t x is t5 to "o may nev] be useful to !m2 leav+ _! natural g5ius to me*anical & physical1 or natural k uncultivat$ & neglect$2 :i* w\ld be ( exce$+ use & pleasure to !m ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( _! life4 ,to be sure1 languages are n to be despis$ or neglect$2 b ?+s are /ill to be pref]r$4 ,*ildr5 _h r be mak+ ( tools & in/rum5ts ( play2 %ap+1 draw+1 fram+1 & build+1 etc41 ?an gett+ "s rules ( propriety ( spee* by he>t2 & ^? also w\ld foll[ ) m judgm5t & less tr\ble & "t4 ,x 7 happy if we /udi$ nature m 9 natural ?+s1 & act$ accord+ to nature2 ^: rules are few1 pla91 & mo/ reasonable4 ,let u beg9 :]e %e beg9s1 g h] pace1 & close always :]e %e ends1 & we _c miss ( be+ good naturali/s4 ,! creation w\ld n be long] a riddle to u3 ! heav5s1 e>?1 & wat]s1 ) _! respective1 v>i\s1 & num]\s inhabitants3 _! productions1 natures1 seasons1 sympa?ies1 & antipa?ies2 _! use1 b5efit1 & pleasure w\ld be bett] und]/ood by u3 & an et]nal wisdom1 p[]1 maje/y1 & goodness v conspicu\s to u ?r\gh ^? s5sible & pass+ =ms3 ! _w we>+ ! m>k ( its ,mak]1 ^: /amp is ev]y:]e visible1 & ! *>act]s v legible to ! *ildr5 ( wisdom4 ,& x w\ld g a great way to caution & direct p 9 _! use ( ! _w t !y 7 bett] /udi$ & kn[n 9 ! creation ( x4 ,= h[ c\ld man f9d ! confid5ce to abuse x1 :ile !y %\ld f9d ! ,great ,creator />e !m 9 ! face1 9 all & e "p !re(8 ,_! ignorance makes !m ins5sible & t ins5sibility h>dy 9 misus+ ?is noble creation1 t has ! /amp & voice ( a ,deity ev]y:]e1 & 9 ev]y?+ to ! obs]v+4 ,x is pity1 !re=e1 t books h n be5 compos$ = y\?1 by "s curi\s & c>eful naturali/s1 & also me*anics1 9 ! ,lat9 tongue1 to be us$ 9 s*ools1 t !y might le>n ?+s ) words3 ?+s obvi\s & famili> to !m1 & :i* w\ld make ! tongue easi] to be obta9$ by !m4 ,_m able g>d5]s & husb&m5 are yet ignorant ( ! reason ( _! call+2 z mo/ artific]s are ( ! reason ( _! own rules t gov]n _! excell5t workman%ip4 ,b a naturali/ & me*anick ( ?is sort is ma/] ( ! reason ( bo?1 & might be ( ! practice1 too1 if 8 indu/ry kept pace ) 8 speculation2 :i* 7 v comm5dable1 & )\t :i* he _c be said to be a complete naturali/ or me*anic4 ,f9ally1 if man be ! index or epitome ( ! _w1 z philosoph]s tell u1 we h only to read ourselves well to be le>n$ 9 x4 ,b because !re is no?+ we less reg>d ?an ! *>act]s ( ! ,p[] t made u1 :i* are s cle>ly writt5 ^u u & ! _w ,he has giv5 u1 & c be/ tell u :at we are & %\ld be1 we are ev5 /rang]s to our own g5ius2 ! glass 9 :i* we %\ld see t true in/ruct+ & agreeable v>iety1 :i* is to be obs]v$ 9 nature1 to ! admiration ( t wisdom & adoration ( t ,p[] :i* made u all4 ,,frugality ,,or ,,b\nty ,frugality is good1 if lib]ality be jo9$ ) x4 ,! fir/ is leav+ (f sup]flu\s exp5ses2 ! la/ be/[+ !m to ! b5efit ( o!rs t ne$4 ,! fir/ )\t ! la/ beg9s covet\sness2 ! la/ )\t ! fir/ beg9s prodigality4 ,bo? toge!r make an excell5t temp]4 ,happy ! place :]ev] t is f\nd4 ,7 x univ]sal1 we %\ld be cur$ ( two extremes1 want & excess3 & ! "o w\ld supply ! o!r1 & s br+ bo? ne>] to a mean2 ! j degree ( e>?ly happ9ess4 ,x is a reproa* to religion & gov]nm5t to suff] s mu* pov]ty & excess4 ,7 ! sup]fluities ( a nation valu$1 & made a p]petual tax on b5evol5ce1 !re 7 be m alms-h\ses ?an poor1 s*ools ?an s*ol>s2 & en\gh to sp>e = gov]nm5t besides4 ,,indu/ry ,love lab\r2 = if ?\ do/ n want x = food ?\ maye/ = physick4 ,x is :olesome = ?y body1 & good = ?y m9d4 ,x prev5ts ! fruits ( idl5ess1 :i* _m times come ( hav+ no?+ to d1 & lead too _m to d :at is worse ?an no?+4 ,a g>d51 an elaboratory1 a "w-h\se1 improvem5ts & bre$+1 are pleasant & pr(itable div]sions to ! idle & +5i\s2 = "h !y miss ill company1 & conv]se ) nature & art2 ^: v>iety are equally grateful & in/ruct+2 & pres]ve a good con/itution ( body & m9d4 ,,k ,k is ! treature1 b judgm5t ! treasur] ( a wise man4 ,he t has m k ?an judgm5t is made = ano!r man's use m ?an 8 own4 ,x _c be a good con/itution1 :]e ! appetite is great & ! dige/ion is weak4 ,!re are "s m5 l diction>ies2 to be look$ into ^u occasions1 b h no connection1 & are little ent]ta9+4 ,less k ?an judgm5t w always h ! advantage ov] ! injudici\s kn[+ man4 ,a wise man makes :at he le>ns 8 own1 t'o!r %[s he's b a copy1 or a collection at mo/4 ,,on ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,?\ghts ,man be+ made a reasonable1 & s a ?9k+ creature1 !re is no?+ m wor?y ( 8 be+ ?an ! "r direction & employm5t ( 8 ?\ghts2 s9ce ^u ?is dep5ds bo? 8 usefulness to ! publick & 8 own pres5t & future b5efit 9 all respects4 ,! consid]ation ( ?is has (t5 oblig$ me to lam5t ! unhapp9ess ( mank9d1 t ?r\gh too great a mixture & confusion ( ?\ghts h be5 h>dly able to make a "r or mature judgm5t ( ?+s4 ,cle>1 !re=e1 ?y head1 & rally1 & manage ?y ?\ghts rightly1 & ?\ wilt save "t1 & see & d ?y bus9ess well2 = ?y judgm5t w be di/9ct1 ?y m9d free1 & ! faculties /rong & regul>4 ,always rememb] to b\nd ?y ?\ghts to ! pres5t occasion4 ,make n m bus9ess necess>y ?an is s2 & r less5 ?an augm5t "w = ?yself4 ,^u ! :ole matt] employ ?y ?\ghts z ?y bus9ess requires1 & let t h place accord+ to m]it & urg5cy1 giv+ ev]y?+ a review & due dige/ion1 & ?\ wilt prev5t _m errors & vexations1 z well z save mu* "t to ?yself 9 ! c\rse ( ?y life4 ,,fri5d%ip ,fri5d%ip is an union ( spirits1 a m>riage ( he>ts1 & ! bond !re( virtue4 ,!re c be no fri5d%ip :]e !re is no fre$om4 ,fri5d%ip loves a free air1 & w n be p5n$ up 9 /rait & n>r[ enclosures4 ,x w speak freely1 & act s too2 & take no?+ ill :]e no ill is meant2 nay1 :]e x is 'twill easily =give1 & =get1 too1 ^u small ackn[l$gem5ts4 ,fri5ds are true tw9s 9 s\l2 !y sympa?ise 9 ev]y?+1 & h ! same love & av]sion4 ,"o is n happy )\t ! o!r1 nor c ei!r be mis]able alone4 ,z if !y c\ld *ange bodies1 !y take _! turns 9 pa9 z well z 9 pleasure2 reliev+ "o ano!r 9 _! mo/ adv]se conditions4 ,:at "o enjoys ! o!r _c want4 ,l ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 !y h all ?+s 9 common1 & no prop]ty b 9 "o ano!r4 ,!y t love beyond ! _w _c be sep>at$ by x4 ,dea? _c kill :at nev] dies4 ,nor c spirits ev] be divid$ t love & live 9 ! same div9e pr9ciple1 ! root & record ( _! fri5d%ip4 ,if abs5ce be n dea?1 nei!r is !irs4 ,dea? is b cross+ ! _w1 z fri5ds d ! seas2 !y live 9 "o ano!r /ill4 ,= !y mu/ ne$s be pres5t t love & live 9 t :i* is omnipres5t4 ,9 ?is div9e glass !y see face to face2 & _! conv]se is free1 z well z pure4 ,?is is ! com=t ( fri5ds1 t ?\gh !y may be said to die yet _! fri5d%ip & society are 9 ! be/ s5se ev] pres5t1 because immortal4 ,,( ,,*>ity ,*>ity has v>i\s s5ses1 b is excell5t 9 all ( !m4 ,x imports1 fir/1 ! commis]ation ( ! poor & unhappy ( mank9d1 & ext5ds an help+ h& to m5d _! condition4 ,next1 *>ity makes ! be/ con/ruction ( ?+s & p]sons2 x makes ! be/ ( ev]y?+1 =gives ev]ybody1 s]ves all1 & hopes to ! end4 ,x is an univ]sal rem$y aga9/ discord1 an holy cem5t = mank9d4 ,&1 la/ly1 'tis love to ,god & ! bre?r5 :i* raises ! s\l above all e>?ly consid]ations2 & z x gives a ta/e ( heav5 ^u e>?1 s 'tis heav5 9 ! fulness ( x h]eaft] to ! truly *>itable "h4 ,?is is ! noble/ s5se *>ity has1 aft] :i* all %\ld press z be+ ! m excell5t way4 ,w\ld ,god ?is div9e virtue 7 m implant$ & diffus$ among mank9d1 ! pret5d]s to ,*ri/ianity especially2 & !n we %\ld c]ta9ly m9d piety m ?an controv]sy1 & ex]cise love & compassion in/ead ( c5sur+ & p]secut+ "o ano!r 9 any mann] :atsoev]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,erne/ ,,r5an ,,life ,,( ,,jesus ,erne/ ,r5an1 ! mo/ widely read writ] ( religi\s hi/ory 9 8 day1 0 =ty ye>s old :5 ! ,vie de ,jsus1 8 mo/ popul> book1 appe>$ z ! fir/ volume ( a ,hi/ory ( ! ,orig9s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he 0 born at ,trgui] 9 ,brittany1 ,france1 ,feb4 #bg1 #ahbc1 a ,breton ?r\gh 8 fa!r & a ,gascon ?r\gh 8 "m4 ,educat$ = ! ,*ur*1 "u prie/ly tutelage1 he specialis$ 9 ! /udy ( ,ori5tal languages1 ) ! result t he f\nd x impossible to accept ! traditional view ( ,*ri/ian & ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,aft] hold+ an appo9tm5t 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,manuscripts 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 he became ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 ! ,collge de ,france4 ,at ! age ( #ee he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,8 works include ,a ,hi/ory ( ,semitic ,languages1 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,orig9s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & a ,hi/ory ( ! ,p ( ,israel1 besides _m volumes ( essays & criticism1 & sev]al autobiographical books ( great *>m4 ,ev]ybody read ,r5an1 & disagre$ ) him4 ,! or?odox reject$ 8 op9ions1 & ! unor?odox 8 s5tim5t4 ,b 8 books m>k$ an epo* 9 religi\s criticism4 ,! ,life ( ,jesus 0 ! outcome ( a visit to ,pale/9e 9 pursuance ( rese>* /udies ( ,pho5ician civilisation4 ,a feature is ! importance giv5 to sc5ic surr\nd+s :i* he c\ld s happily describe4 ,r5an di$ on ,octob] #b1 #ahib1 widely admir$1 hon\r$1 & also condemn$1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,pan!on4 ,,! ,,h\r ,,& ,,! ,,man ,! pr9cipal ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w is ! revolution by :i* ! noble/ portions ( humanity h =sak5 ! anci5t religions ( ,paganism = a religion f\nd$ on ! ,div9e ,unity1 ! ,tr9ity1 & ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s 7 requir$ to a*ieve ?is conv]sion4 ,! new religion itself took at lea/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9 its =mation4 ,b ! orig9 ( ! revolution is a hi/orical ev5t :i* happ5$ 9 ! reigns ( ,augu/us & ,tib]ius4 ,at t "t !re liv$ a man ( supreme p]sonality1 :o1 by 8 bold orig9ality1 & by ! love :i* he 0 able to inspire1 became ! object1 & settl$ ! direction1 ( ! future fai? ( mank9d4 ,! great empires :i* succe$$ ea* o!r 9 ,we/]n ,asia annihilat$ all ! hopes ( ! ,jewi% race = a t]re/ial k+dom1 & ca/ x back on religi\s dreams1 :i* x *]i%$ ) a k9d ( sombre passion4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman empire exalt$ m5's imag9ations1 & ! great era ( peace on :i* ! _w 0 ent]+ gave bir? to illimitable hopes4 ,?is confus$ m$ley ( dreams f\nd at l5g? an int]pretation 9 ! pe]less man to :om ! univ]sal consci5ce has decre$ ! title ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & t ) ju/ice1 s9ce he gave religion an impetus great] ?an t :i* any o!r man has be5 capable ( giv+--an impetus ) :i*1 9 all probability1 no fur!r advance w be comp>able4 ,,y\? ,,& ,,education ,jesus 0 born at ,naz>e?1 a small t[n 9 ,galilee1 :i* be=e 8 "t 0 n kn[n to fame4 ,! precise date ( 8 bir? is unkn[n4 ,x took place 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us1 probably "s ye>s be=e ! ye> "o ( ! era :i* all civilis$ peoples date f ! day ( 8 bir?4 ,jesus came f ! ranks ( ! common folk4 ,8 fa!r1 ,joseph1 & 8 "m1 ,m>y1 7 p 9 humble circum/ances1 artisans liv+ by _! h&iwork 9 ! /ate1 s usual 9 ! ,ea/1 :i* is nei!r ease nor pov]ty4 ,! family 0 some:at l>ge4 ,jesus _h bro!rs & si/]s :o seem to h be5 y\ng] ?an he4 ,!y all rema9$ obscure4 ,! f\r m5 :o 7 call$ 8 bro!rs1 & among :om "o at lea/1 ,james1 became ( great importance 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 7 8 c\s9s-g]man4 ,! si/]s ( ,jesus 7 m>ri$ at ,naz>e?1 & !re he sp5t ! e>ly ye>s ( 8 y\?4 ,! t[n mu/ h pres5t$ ! pov]ty-/rick5 aspect /ill *>act]i/ic ( villages 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we see to-day ! /reets :]e ,jesus play$ z a *ild 9 ! /ony pa?s or little lanes :i* sep>ate ! dwell+s f ea* o!r4 ,no d\bt ! h\se ( ,joseph mu* resembl$ ^! poor domiciles1 light$ only by ! doorway1 s]v+ at once z work%op1 kit*51 & b$room1 & hav+ = furniture a mat1 "s cu%ions on ! gr\nd1 "o or two clay pots1 & a pa9t$ *e/4 ,b ! surr\nd+s are *>m+1 & no place 9 ! _w c\ld be s well adapt$ = dreams ( p]fect happ9ess4 ,if we asc5d to ! plateau1 swept by a p]petual breeze1 above ! highe/ h\ses1 ! l&scape is magnific5t4 ,an en*ant$ circle1 cradle ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 0 = ye>s ! horizon ( ,jesus1 & inde$ dur+ 8 :ole life he w5t b little beyond ^!1 ! famili> b\nds ( 8 *ildhood4 ,no d\bt he le>nt to read & write accord+ to ! ,ea/]n me?od2 b x is d\btful if he und]/ood ! ,hebrew writ+s 9 _! orig9al tongue4 ,8 biograph]s make him cite translations 9 ! ,aramean language4 ,nev]!less1 x w\ld be a great error to imag9e t ,jesus 0 :at we %\ld call an ignorant man4 ,ref9em5t ( mann]s & acut5ess ( intellect h1 9 ! ,ea/1 no?+ 9 common ) :at we call education4 ,9 all probability ,jesus did n "k ,greek4 ,8 "m tongue 0 ! ,syrian dialect1 m+l$ ) ,hebrew4 ,no elem5t ( secul> tea*+ rea*$ him4 ,he 0 ignorant ( all beyond ,judaism2 8 m9d kept t free innoc5ce :i* an ext5d$ & v>i$ culture always weak5s4 ,happily1 he 0 also ignorant ( ! grotesque s*ola/icism :i* 0 taught at ,j]usalem1 & :i* 0 soon to con/itute ! ,talmud4 ,! read+ ( ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t made a deep impression on him1 especially ! book ( ,daniel1 & ! religi\s poetry ( ! ,psalms 0 9 m>vell\s accordance ) 8 lyrical s\l1 & all 8 life 0 8 su/5ance & support4 ,t he _h no k ( ! g5]al /ate ( ! _w is evid5t f e feature ( 8 mo/ au!ntic disc\rses1 & he nev] conceiv$ ( ari/ocratic society1 save z a "y villag] :o sees ! _w ?r\gh ! prism ( 8 simplicity4 ,al?\gh born at a "t :5 ! pr9ciples ( positive sci5ce _h already be5 proclaim$1 he liv$ 9 entirely sup]natural ideas4 ,to him ! m>vell\s 0 n ! exceptional b ! normal /atf ( ?+s1 s9ce to him ! :ole c\rse ( ?+s 0 ! result ( ! free-w ( ! ,deity4 ,?is l$ to a pr(\nd conception ( ! close relations ( man ) ,god4 ,,idyllic ,,surr\nd+s ,a mighty dream haunt$ ! ,jewi% p = c5turies1 con/antly r5ew+ its y\?4 ,judaea believ$ t %e possess$ div9e promises ( a b\ndless future4 ,9 comb9ation ) ! belief 9 ! ,messiah & ! doctr9e ( an approa*+ r5ewal ( all ?+s1 ! dogma ( ! resurrection _h em]g$ & produc$ a great f]m5tation f "o end ( ! ,jewi% _w to ! o!r4 ,jesus1 z soon z he _h any ?\ght ( 8 own1 ent]$ into ! burn+ atmosph]e creat$ 9 ,pale/9e by ^! ideas1 & 8 s\l 0 soon fill$ ) !m4 ,a beautiful natural environm5t impr9t$ a *>m+ & idyllic "* on all ! dreams ( ,galilee4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april t gre51 %ady1 smil+ l& is a c>pet ( fl[]s ( an incomp>able v>iety ( col\rs4 ,! animals are small & extremely g5tle--delicate & playful turtle-doves1 blackbirds s light t !y re/ on a blade ( grass )\t b5d+ x1 tuft$ l>ks :i* almo/ v5ture "u ! feet ( ! travell]1 little riv]-tortoises ) mild bright eyes1 /orks ( gravely mode/ mi51 :i*1 ca/+ aside all timidity1 all[ m5 to come q ne> !m1 & inde$ seem to invite 8 approa*4 ,9 no c\ntry 9 ! _w d ! m\nta9s ext5d ) m h>moni\s outl9es1 or inspire high] ?\ght4 ,jesus seems to h _h an especial love = !m4 ,! mo/ important ev5ts ( 8 div9e c>e] took place ^u ! m\nta9s4 ,?is beautiful c\ntry 9 8 "t 0 fill$ ) prosp]ity & gaiety4 ,!re ,jesus liv$ & grew up4 ,true1 e ye> he knew ! sweet solemnity ( ! pilgrimage to ,j]usalem1 & x is believ$ t e>ly 9 life ! wild]ness _h "s influ5ce on 8 developm5t1 b x 0 :5 he return$ into 8 belov$ ,galilee t he once m f\nd 8 ,heav5ly ,fa!r 9 ! mid/ ( gre5 hills & cle> f\nta9s1 & wom5 & *ildr5 :o ) joy\s s\l await$ ! salvation ( ,israel4 ,a ,,"* ,,to ,,love ,jesus foll[$ ! trade ( 8 fa!r1 :i* 0 t ( a c>p5t]4 ,9 ?is !re 0 no?+ irksome or humiliat+4 ,! ,jewi% cu/om requir$ t a man devot$ to intellectual "w %\ld le>n a h&icraft4 ,jesus nev] m>ri$4 ,8 :ole capacity = love 0 conc5trat$ ^u t :i* he felt 0 8 heav5ly vocation4 ,he 0 no d\bt m belov$ ?an lov+4 ,?us1 z (t5 happ5s 9 v l(ty natures1 t5d]ness ( he>t 0 9 him trans=m$ into an inf9ite sweetness1 a vague poetry1 a univ]sal *>m4 ,?r\gh :at /ages did ! ideas ( ,jesus progress dur+ ?is obscure e>ly p]iod ( 8 life8 ,a high conception ( ! ,div9ity1 ! creation ( 8 own great m9d1 0 ! guid+ pr9ciple to :i* 8 p[] 0 due4 ,god did n speak to him z to "o outside ( himself2 ,god 0 9 him2 he felt himself ) ,god1 & f 8 own he>t drew all he said ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,! highe/ consci\sness ( ,god :i* ev] exi/$ 9 ! he>t ( man 0 t ( ,jesus2 b he nev] once gave utt]ance to ! sacrilegi\s idea t he 0 ,god4 ,f ! fir/ he look$ ^u 8 relation%ip ) ,god z t ( a son ) 8 fa!r4 ,h]e9 0 8 great orig9ality2 9 ?is he _h no?+ 9 common ) 8 race4 ,nei!r ,jew nor ,musselman has und]/ood ?is sweet !ology ( love4 ,! ,god ( ,jesus is our ,fa!r4 ,he is ! ,god ( humanity4 ,! ,jesus :o f\nd$ ! true ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! k+dom ( ! humble & meek1 0 ! ,jesus ( e>ly life--( ^? *a/e & simple days :5 ! voice ( 8 ,fa!r re-e*o$ )9 him 9 cle>] tones4 ,x 0 !n1 = "s mon?s1 p]haps a ye>1 t ,god truly dwelt on e>?4 ,a ,,/imulat+ ,,acqua9tance ,an extraord9>y man1 ^: position rema9s to "s ext5t enigmatical1 appe>$ ab\t ?is "t & unque/ionably _h "s int]c\rse ) ,jesus4 ,ab\t ! ye> #bh ( our era !re spread ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,pale/9e ! reputation ( a c]ta9 ,john1 a "y ascetic1 full ( f]v\r & passion4 ,! fundam5tal practice :i* *>act]is$ 8 sect 0 baptism2 b baptism ) ,john 0 only a sign to impress ! m9ds ( ! p & to prep>e !m = "s great movem5t4 ,!re c be no d\bt he 0 possess$ 9 ! highe/ degree ) hope = ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,he 0 ( ! same age z ,jesus1 & ! two "y en?usia/s1 full ( ! same hopes & ! same hatr$s1 7 able to l5d ea* o!r mutual support1 ,jesus recogniz+ ,john z 8 sup]ior1 & timidly develop+ 8 own individual g5ius4 ,john 0 soon cut %ort 9 8 prophetic c>e]1 & ca/ into prison1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 he /ill ex]cis$ a wide influ5ce4 ,jesus return$ f ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,dead ,sea & ! ,jordan to ,galilee1 8 true home1 rip5$ by int]c\rse ) a great man ( v diff]5t nature1 & hav+ acquir$ full consci\sness ( 8 own orig9ality4 ,f t "t he prea*$ ) great] p[] & made ! multitude feel 8 au?ority4 ,! p]suasion t he 0 to make ,god reign ^u e>? took absolute possession ( 8 _s4 ,he look$ ^u himself z ! univ]sal re=m]4 ,he aim$ at f\nd+ ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! ,k+dom ( ! ,s\l4 ,jesus 01 9 "s respects1 an an>*i/1 = he _h no idea ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,he nev] %[$ any desire to put himself 9 ! place ( ! ri* & mighty4 ,! idea ( be+ all-p[]ful by suff]+ & resignation1 & ( triumph+ ov] =ce by purity ( he>t 0 8 peculi> idea4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god are ! simple--n ! ri*1 n ! le>n$1 n ! prie/s2 b wom51 common folk1 ! humble1 & ! "y4 ,he n[ boldly ann\nc$ ! good tid+s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & himself z t ,son ( ,man1 :om ,daniel 9 8 vision _h beheld z ! div9e h]ald ( ! la/ & supreme revelation4 ,,e>ly ,,successes ,! success ( ! new prophet's tea*+ 0 decisive4 ,a gr\p ( m5 & wom51 all *>act]is$ by ! same _s ( *ildi% frankness & simple innoc5ce1 adh]$ to him1 & said1 ,?\ art ! ,messiah4 ,! c5tre ( 8 op]ations 0 ! little t[n ( ,cap]naum1 on ! %ore ( ! ,lake ( ,g5es>e?4 ,jesus 0 mu* atta*$ to ! t[n & made x a second home4 ,he _h attempt$ to beg9 ! "w at ,naz>e?1 b )\t success4 ,! fact t 8 family1 :i* 0 ( humble rank1 0 kn[n 9 ! di/rict less5$ 8 au?ority too mu*2 & x is moreov] rem>kable t 8 family 7 /rongly oppos$ to him1 & flatly decl9$ to believe 9 8 mission4 ,9 ,cap]naum he 0 mu* m fav\rably receiv$1 & x became 8 own city4 ,^! good ,galileans _h nev] he>d prea*+ s well adapt$ to _! *e]ful imag9ations4 ,!y admir$ him1 !y enc\rag$ him1 !y f\nd t he spoke well1 & t 8 reasons 7 conv9c+4 ,! almo/ poetical h>mony ( 8 disc\rses won _! affections4 ,! au?ority ( ! "y ma/] increas$ day by day1 & naturally ! m t p believ$ 9 him ! m he believ$ 9 himself4 ,f\r or five l>ge villages1 ly+ at half an h\r's j\rney f "o ano!r1 =m$ ! little _w ( ,jesus at ?is "t4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 he w&]$ beyond 8 fav\rite region1 once 9 ! direction ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 a c\ntry :i* mu/ h be5 m>vell\sly prosp]\s at t "t4 ,b he return$ always to 8 well-belov$ %ore ( ,g5es>e?4 ,! mo!rl& ( 8 ?\ghts 0 !re2 !re he f\nd fai? & love4 ,9 ?is e>?ly p>adise liv$ a population 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! l& itself1 active1 hone/1 joy\s1 & t5d] ( he>t1 & "h ,jesus became ! c5tre ( a little circle :i* ador$ him4 ,9 ?is fri5dly gr\p he evid5tly _h 8 fav\rites4 ,pet]1 = :om 8 affection 0 v deep1 ,james1 son ( ,zeb$ee1 & ,john1 8 bro!r1 =m$ a sort ( privy c\ncil4 ,jesus ow$ 8 conque/s to ! inf9ite *>m ( 8 p]sonality & spee*4 ,ev]yone ?\ght t he liv$ 9 a sph]e high] ?an t ( humanity4 ,! ari/ocracy ( ! gr\p 0 repres5t$ by a cu/oms-(fic]1 & by ! wife ( "o ( ,h]od's /ew>ds4 ,! re/ 7 fi%]m5 & common folk4 ,jesus liv$ ) 8 disciples almo/ always 9 ! op5 air1 ! fai?ful b& lead+ a joy\s w&]+ life1 & ga!r+ ! inspirations ( ! ,ma/] 9 _! fir/ bloom4 ,8 prea*+ 0 s(t & g5tle1 inspir$ ) a feel+ = nature & ! p]fume ( ! fields4 ,x 0 above all 9 p>able t ! ,ma/] excell$4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ,judaism to give him a model = ?is delightful feature4 ,he creat$ x4 ,9 free+ man f :at he call$ ! c>es ( ?is _w ,jesus might g to excess & injure ! ess5tial conditions ( human society2 b he f\nd$ t spiritual exaltation :i* = c5turies has fill$ s\ls ) joy 9 ! mid/ ( ?is vale ( te>s4 ,9 our busy civilisation ! memory ( ! free life ( ,galilee has be5 l p]fume f ano!r _w1 l ! dew ( ,h]mon1 :i* has kept dr\ght & grossness f entirely invad+ ! fields ( ,god4 ,a ,,gospel ,,= ,,! ,,poor ,jesus v soon und]/ood t ! (ficial _w ( 8 "t w\ld by no means l5d its support to 8 k+dom4 ,he took 8 resolution ) extreme d>+4 ,leav+ ! _w1 ) its h>d he>t & n>r[ prejudices1 on "o side1 he turn$ t[>ds ! simple4 ,a va/ re>rangem5t ( classes 0 to take place4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 made = *ildr51 & ^? l !m2 = ! _w's outca/s1 victims ( t social arrogance :i* repulses ! good b humble man2 = h]etics & s*ismatics1 publicans1 ,sam>itans1 & ! pagans ( ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,t ! reign ( ! poor is at h& 0 ! doctr9e ( ,jesus4 ,?is exagg]at$ ta/e = pov]ty c\ld n la/ v long1 b al?\gh x quickly pass$1 pov]ty rema9$ an ideal f :i* true desc5dants ( ,jesus 7 nev] aft]w>ds sep>at$4 ,l all great m51 ,jesus 0 fond ( common folk1 & felt at 8 ease ) !m4 ,he p>ticul>ly e/eem$ all ^? :om or?odox ,judaism disda9$4 ,love ( ! p1 pity = _! p[]lessness1 ! feel+ ( ! democratic lead] :o has ! _s ( ! multitude quick )9 him1 reveal !mselves at e in/ant 9 8 acts & say+s4 ,he _h no ext]nal affection1 & made no display ( au/]ity4 ,he did n %un pleasure2 b w5t will+ly to m>riage fea/s4 ,8 g5tle gaiety f\nd con/ant expression 9 amiable pleasantries4 ,?us he j\rney$ ?r\gh ,galilee 9 ! mid/ ( cont9ual fe/ivities4 ,:5 he ent]$ a h\se1 x 0 consid]$ a joy & a bless+4 ,*ildr5 & wom5 ador$ him4 ,! *ildr51 inde$1 7 l a "y gu>d ab\t him1 = ! inauguration ( 8 innoc5t k+%ip1 & gave him little ovations4 ,x 0 *ildhood1 9 fact1 9 its div9e spontaneity1 9 its simple bewild]m5t ( joy1 t took possession ( ! e>?4 ,h[ long did ?is intoxication la/8 ,we _c tell4 ,b :e!r x fill$ ye>s or mon?s1 ! dream 0 s beautiful t humanity has liv$ ^u x ev] s9ce4 ,happy he to :om x has be5 grant$ to behold ) 8 own eyes ?is div9e blossom+1 & to %>e1 if b = a day1 ! incomp>able illusion6 ,b yet m happy1 ,jesus w\ld tell u1 %all he be :o1 by ! uprightness ( 8 w1 & ! poetry ( 8 s\l1 %all be able to create anew 9 8 own he>t ! true ,k+dom ( ,god6 ,,! ,,prie/ ,,9 ,,! ,,pa? ,ne>ly e ye> ,jesus w5t to ,j]usalem = ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,x 01 x appe>s1 9 ! ye> #ca t ! mo/ important ( ^! visits took place4 ,jesus felt t to play a lead+ "p he mu/ leave ,galilee & attack ,judaism 9 its /ronghold1 ,j]usalem4 ,!re ! little ,galilean community 0 f> f feel+ at home4 ,j]usalem 0 a city ( p$antry1 acrimony1 disputation1 hatr$s1 & pett9ess ( m9d4 ,its fanaticism 0 extreme4 ,all ! religi\s discussions ( ! ,jewi% s*ools1 all ! canonical in/ruction1 ev5 ! legal bus9ess & civil actions--9 a ^w1 all =m ( national activity1 7 conc5trat$ 9 ! temple4 ,! ,romans refra9$ f ent]+ ! sactu>y2 ! surveillance ( ! ,temple 0 9 ! h&s ( ! ,jews4 ,x 0 9 ! ,temple t ,jesus sp5t 8 days dur+ 8 soj\rn at ,j]usalem1 & all t he saw ar\s$ 8 av]sion4 ,^! old ,jewi% in/itutions displeas$ him1 & ! necessity ( con=m+ to !m gave him pa94 ,he :o gave =giv5ess to all m51 provid$ !y lov$ him1 c\ld f9d no?+ cong5ial 9 va9 disputations & obsolete sacrifices1 & app>5tly he br\ght f ,j]usalem "o idea !nce=? root$ 9 8 m9d--t !re 0 no und]/&+ possible betwe5 him & ! anci5t ,jewi% religion4 ,he no long] took 8 /& z a ,jewi% re=m]1 b z a de/roy] ( ,judaism4 ,9 o!r words1 ,jesus is no long] a ,jew4 ,he is1 9 ! highe/ degree1 a revolution>y2 he calls all m5 to a wor%ip f\nd$ solely on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,love ( ,god1 *>ity1 & mutual =giv5ess--9 ^! consi/$ 8 :ole law4 ,no?+ c\ld be less sac]dotal4 ,x 0 on 8 return f ,j]usalem1 z he pass$ ne> ,%e*em1 & :5 talk+ ) a ,sam>itan woman1 t ,jesus gave utt]ance to ! say+ ^u :i* w re/ ! edifice ( et]nal religion--,believe me1 ! h\r come? :5 nei!r 9 ?is m\nta9 nor 9 ,j]usalem %all ye wor%ip ! ,fa!r 444 b ! h\r come?1 & n[ is1 :5 ! true wor%ipp]s %all wor%ip ! ,fa!r 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,on ! day :5 he said ^! words he 0 truly ,son ( ,god4 ,jesus return$ to ,galilee full ( revolution>y ard\r4 ,8 innoc5t aphorisms & beautiful moral precepts n[ culm9at$ 9 a decid$ policy4 ,! law is to be aboli%$1 & x is he t w aboli% x4 ,! ,messiah is come1 & x is he t is ! ,messiah4 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is ab\t to be reveal$1 & x is he t w reveal x4 ,he knew well t he w\ld be ! victim ( 8 own audacity1 b x 0 by cries & ! r5d+ ( he>ts t ! k+dom _h to be e/abli%$4 ,! proposition ,jesus is ! ,messiah 0 foll[$ by ! proposition ,jesus is ! ,son ( ,david1 &1 by an entirely spontane\s conspiracy1 fictiti\s g5ealogies arose 9 ! imag9ations ( 8 p>tisans1 :ile he 0 /ill alive1 to prove 8 royal desc5t4 ,we _c tell :e!r he knew any?+ ( ^! leg5ds4 ,he nev] designat$ himself ,son ( ,david4 ,t he ev] dream$ ( mak+ himself pass = an inc>nation ( ,god is a matt] ab\t :i* no d\bt c exi/4 ,su* an idea 0 entirely =eign to ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,he believ$ himself to be m ?an an ord9>y man1 b sep>at$ by an inf9ite di/ance f ,god4 ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god1 b all m5 are1 or may become s 9 div]s degrees4 ,jesus app>5tly rema9$ a /rang] to ! !ological subtleties :i* 7 soon to fill ! _w ) /]ile disputations4 ,,"t-,,worm ,,pro(s ,two means ( pro(--miracles & ! accompli%m5t ( prophecies--c\ld alone e/abli% a sup]natural mission 9 ! op9ion ( ! contempor>ies ( ,jesus4 ,he himself1 b m especially 8 disciples1 employ$ ^! two me?ods ( demon/ration 9 p]fect good fai?4 ,= a long "t ,jesus _h recognis$ himself 9 ! sacr$ oracles ( ! prophets4 ,z to miracles1 !y 7 consid]$ at ?is epo* ! indisp5sable m>k ( ! div9e1 & ! sign ( ! prophetic vocation4 ,jesus1 !re=e1 0 compell$ ei!r to r5\nce 8 mission or become a ?aumaturgi/4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t n only did he believe 9 miracles1 b he _h n ! lea/ idea ( an ord] ( nature "u ! reign ( law4 ,on t po9t1 8 k 0 9 no way sup]ior to t ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,inde$1 "o ( 8 mo/ deeply-root$ op9ions 0 t by fai? & pray] man _h entire p[] ov] nature4 ,almo/ all ! miracles ,jesus believ$ he p]=m$ seem to h be5 miracles ( heal+4 ,! k9d ( heal+ :i* he mo/ (t5 practis$ 0 exorcism1 or ! expulsion ( demons4 ,!re c be no d\bt t he _h 9 8 lifetime ! reputation ( possess+ ! greate/ secrets ( ! art4 ,!re 7 _m lunatics 9 ,judaea w&]+ at l>ge1 & no d\bt ,jesus _h great influ5ce ov] ^! unhappy be+s4 ,circum/ances seem to indicate t he became a ?aumaturgi/ late 9 life & aga9/ 8 own incl9ations4 ,he accept$ miracles exact$ by public op9ion r ?an p]=m$ !m4 ,,! ,,new ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,dur+ ! eighte5 mon?s betwe5 ! return f ! ,passov] ( ! ye> #ca & 8 j\rney to ! fea/ ( tab]nacles 9 ! ye> #cb1 all t 0 )9 ,jesus develop$ ) an ev]-increas+ degree ( p[] & audacity4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ,jesus f 8 e>lie/ days 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,?is k+dom he appe>s to h und]/ood 9 div]s s5ses4 ,at times x is ! lit]al consummation ( apocalyptic visions relat+ to ! ,messiah4 ,at o!r times x is ! spiritual k+dom1 & ! deliv]ance at h& is ! deliv]ance ( ! s\l4 ,! revolution desir$ by ,jesus 9 ?is la/ s5se is ! "o :i* has really tak5 place4 ,t ! com+ ( ! end ( ! _w & ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah 9 judgm5t 0 tak5 lit]ally by ! disciples1 & at c]ta9 mom5ts by ! ,ma/] himself1 appe>s absolutely cle>4 ,^! =mal decl>ations absorb$ ! m9ds ( ! ,*ri/ian family = ne>ly sev5ty ye>s4 ,! _w has n end$1 z ,jesus ann\nc$1 & z 8 disciples believ$ x w\ld end4 ,b x has be5 r5ew$ & 9 "o s5se r5ew$ z ,jesus desir$4 ,by ! side ( ! false1 cold1 impossible idea ( an o/5tati\s adv5t1 he conceiv$ ! real ,city ( ,god1 ! rais+ up ( ! weak1 ! love ( ! p1 e/eem = ! poor1 & ! re/oration ( all t is humble & true & simple4 ,?is re/oration he has depict$1 z an incomp>able arti/1 9 t\*es :i* w la/ = et]nity4 ,8 ,k+dom ( ,god 0 d\btless ! apocalypse :i* 0 soon to be unfold$ 9 ! heav5s4 ,b besides ?is1 & probably above all1 0 ! s\l's k+dom1 f\nd$ on fre$om1 & on ! feel+ ( son%ip :i* ! good man kn[s 9 8 re/ on ! bosom ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,?is is :at 0 de/9$ to live4 ,?is is :at has liv$4 ,,! ,,cla% ,,( ,,old ,,& ,,new ,?r\gh\t ! fir/ epo* ( 8 c>e]1 x seems z ?\gh ,jesus met ) no s]i\s opposition2 b :5 he ent]$ ^u a pa? brilliant ) public successes ! fir/ mutt]+s ( ! /orm began to make !mselves he>d4 ,he recognis$ only ! religion ( ! he>t1 :ile ! religion ( ! ,ph>isees almo/ exclusively consi/$ ( obs]vances4 ,z 8 mission proce$$1 8 conflicts ) (ficial hypocrisy became incessant4 ,8 goal 0 9 ! future1 n 9 ! pa/4 ,he 0 m ?an ! re=m] ( an obsolete religion2 he 0 ! creator ( ! et]nal religion ( humanity4 ,a hatr$ :i* dea? alone c\ld satisfy 0 ! consequ5ce ( ^! controv]sies4 ,! w> 0 to ! dea?4 ,judaea drew him z by a *>m2 he wi%$ to attempt "o la/ ef=t to w9 ! rebelli\s city1 & seem$ anxi\s to fulfil ! prov]b t a prophet ought n to die outside ,j]usalem4 ,at ! fea/ ( tab]nacles 9 ! ye> #cb1 8 relatives1 always malevol5t & sceptical1 press$ him to g !re4 ,he set out on ! j\rney unkn[n to e "o & almo/ alone1 & nev] aga9 saw 8 belov$ nor!rn l&4 ,9 ,j]usalem1 ,jesus 0 a /rang]4 ,!re he felt a wall ( resi/ance he c\ld n p5etrate4 ,at e /ep he met ) ob/9ate scepticism4 ,! arrogance ( ! prie/s made ! c\rts ( ! ,temple disagreeable to him1 & 8 criticisms naturally exasp]at$ ! sac]dotal ca/e4 ,imag9e a re=m] go+1 9 our own "t1 to prea* ! ov]?r[ ( ,islamism r\nd ! ,mosque ( ,om>6 ,8 tea*+ 9 ?is new _w 0 greatly modifi$2 he _h to become controv]siali/1 juri/1 !ologian1 ?\gh :5 alone ) 8 disciples 8 g5tle & irresi/ible g5ius inspir$ him ) acc5ts full ( t5d]ness4 ,,approa*+ ,,! ,,crisis ,jesus sp5t ! autumn & "p ( ! w9t] 9 ,j]usalem4 ,9 ! new ye> he und]took a j\rney to ! banks ( ! ,jordan1 ! di/rict he _h visit$ :5 he foll[$ ! s*ool ( ,john4 ,aft] ?is pilgrimage he return$ to ,be?any1 a place he especially lov$1 & :]e he knew a family ^: fri5d%ip _h a great *>m = him4 ,9 impure & depress+ ,j]usalem1 ,jesus 0 no long] himself4 ,8 mission weigh$ him d[n1 & he let himself be c>ri$ away by ! torr5t4 ,! contra/ betwe5 8 ev]-increas+ exaltation & ! indiff]5ce ( ! ,jews became wid] day by day4 ,at ! same "t ! public au?orities began to be bitt] aga9/ him4 ,9 ,febru>y1 or e>ly 9 ,m>*1 ! c\ncil ( ! *ief prie/s ask$ cle>ly ! "q ,c ,jesus & ,judaism exi/ toge!r8 ,! ,high ,prie/ 0 ,joseph ,kaiapha1 b beside & beh9d him we always see ano!r man1 ,hanan1 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,he _h be5 ,high ,prie/1 & 9 reality kept all ! au?ority ( ! (fice4 ,dur+ fifty ye>s ! pontificate rema9$ 9 8 family almo/ )\t int]ruption4 ,! family _s 0 haughty1 bold1 & cruel4 ,x 0 ,hanan1 8 family1 & ! p>ty he repres5t$1 :o really put ,jesus to dea?4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 decid$1 he escap$ = a %ort "t by )draw+ to an obscure t[n1 ,ephron1 & lett+ ! /orm pass ov]2 b :5 ! fea/ ( ! ,passov] drew nigh1 he set out to see = ! la/ "t ! unbeliev+ city4 ,8 foll[]s all believ$ t ! ,k+dom ( ,god 0 ab\t to be realis$ !re4 ,z to ,jesus1 he grew confirm$ 9 ! conviction t he 0 ab\t to die1 b t 8 dea? w\ld save ! _w4 ,dur+ ^! la/ days a deep sadness appe>s to h fill$ ! s\l ( ,jesus1 :i* 0 g5]ally s joy\s & s]5e4 ,! enorm\s weight ( ! mission he _h accept$ bore cruelly ^u him4 ,all ^! inw>d tr\bles 7 evid5tly a seal$ *apt] to 8 disciples4 ,8 div9e nature1 h[ev]1 soon ga9$ ! supremacy1 & h5ce=? we behold him entirely himself & ) 8 "* uncl\d$4 ,ea* mom5t ( ?is p]iod is solemn1 & c\nts m ?an :ole ages 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity4 ,a l(ty feel+ ( love1 ( concord1 ( *>ity1 & ( mutual def]5ce1 animat$ ! memories *]i%$ ( ^! la/ h\rs4 ,,victory ,,?r\gh ,,defeat ,x 0 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane t ! gu>ds ( ! ,temple1 support$ by a deta*m5t ( ,roman soldi]s1 execut$ ! w>rant ( arre/4 ,! c\rse :i* ! prie/s _h det]m9$ to take aga9/ ,jesus 0 9 p]fect con=mity ) ! e/abli%$ law4 ,! w>rant ( arre/ probably came f ,hanan1 & be=e ?is p[]ful man ,jesus 0 fir/ br\ght = exam9ation z to 8 doctr9e4 ,jesus1 ) j pride1 decl9$ to ent] into long explanations--he ask$ ! ex-high prie/ to "q ^? :o _h li/5$ to him4 ,hanan !n s5t him to 8 son-9-law1 ,kaiapha1 at ^: h\se ! ,sanh$rim 0 assembl$4 ,x is probable t "h1 too1 he kept sil5ce4 ,! s5t5ce 0 already decid$1 & !y only s\ght = pretexts4 ,) "o voice ! assembly decl>$ him guilty ( a capital crime4 ,! po9t n[ 0 to get ,pilate to ratify ! s5t5ce4 ,on be+ in=m$ ( ! accusation1 ,pilate %[$ 8 annoyance at be+ mix$ up 9 ! matt]1 & call$ ^u to play a cruel "p = ! sake ( a law he dete/$4 ,p]haps ! dignifi$ & calm attitude ( ! accus$ made an impression ^u him4 ,to excite ! suspicion ( ! ,roman au?orities1 ! *>ges n[ made 7 ^? ( s$ition & treason aga9/ ! gov]nm5t4 ,no?+ c\ld be m unju/1 = ,jesus _h always recognis$ ! ,roman gov]nm5t z ! e/abli%$ p[]4 ,ask$ by ,pilate if he really 7 ! k+ ( ! ,jews1 ,jesus1 accord+ to ! f\r? gospel1 av[$ 8 k+%ip1 b utt]$ at ! same "t ! pr(\nd say+1 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,( ?is l(ty idealism ,pilate und]/ood no?+4 ,no d\bt ,jesus impress$ him z be+ a h>mless dream]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! p began to d5\nce ,pilate's lack ( zeal1 9 protect+ an enemy ( ,caes>1 he surr5d]$1 ?r[+ on ! ,jews ! responsibility = :at 0 ab\t to take place4 ,x 0 n ,pilate :o condemn$ ,jesus4 ,x 0 ! old ,jewi% p>ty2 x 0 ! ,mosaic law4 ,intol]ance is a ,jewi% *>act]i/ic4 ,! ,p5tateu* has be5 ! fir/ code ( religi\s t]rorism 9 ! _w4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! *im]ical ,k+ ( ! ,jews1 n ! het]adox dogmati/1 :o 0 puni%$1 & ! execution took ! ,roman =m ( crucifixion1 c>ri$ out by ,roman soldi]s4 ,! horrors ( t ignom9i\s dea? 7 suff]$ by ,jesus 9 all _! atrocity4 ,= a mom5t1 accord+ to c]ta9 n>ratives1 8 he>t fail$ him2 a cl\d hid f him ! face ( 8 ,fa!r2 he endur$ an agony ( despair m acute a ?\s& times ?an all 8 torm5ts4 ,b 8 div9e in/9ct aga9 su/a9$ him4 ,9 measure z ! life ( ! body flick]$ out1 8 s\l grew s]5e1 & by degrees return$ to its heav5ly s\rce4 ,he rega9$ ! idea ( 8 mission1 9 8 dea? he saw ! salvation ( ! _w2 ! hide\s spectacle spread at 8 feet melt$ f 8 sight1 & pr(\ndly unit$ to 8 ,fa!r1 he began ^u ! gibbet ! div9e life :i* he 0 to live 9 ! he>t ( humanity ?r\gh inf9ite ye>s4 ,re/ n[ 9 ?y glory1 noble pione]6 ,?y "w is a*iev$1 ?y div9ity e/abli%$4 ,at ! price ( a few h\rs ( suff]+1 :i* h n ev5 t\*$ ?y mighty s\l1 ?\ ha/ pur*as$ ! fulle/ immortality4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s ! _w w dep5d ^u !e6 ,a ?\s& times m alive1 a ?\s& times m lov$ s9ce ?y dea? ?an dur+ ! days ( ?y pilgrimage "h bel[1 ?\ %alt become s truly ! corn]/one ( humanity t to te> ?y "n f ?is _w 7 to %ake x to its f\ndations4 ,:atev] ! unexpect$ ph5om5a ( ! future1 ,jesus w nev] be surpass$4 ,8 wor%ip w con/antly r5ew its y\?2 ! leg5d ( 8 life w br+ ceaseless te>s2 8 suff]+s w s(t5 ! be/ he>ts2 all ! ages w proclaim t among/ ! sons ( m5 none has be5 born :o is great] ?an ,jesus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg ,,heav5 ,,& ,,hell ,emanuel ,sw$5borg1 au?or ( a /range sy/em ( my/ical !ology1 0 ( ,sw$i% nationality & 0 born at ,/ockholm on ,janu>y #bi1 #afhh4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,upsala1 & aft] travell+ = sev]al ye>s 9 ,we/]n ,europe 0 appo9t$ to a po/ 9 ! ,sw$i% ,college ( ,m9es4 ,!nce=?1 until he 0 #ee ye>s ( age1 ,sw$5borg pursu$1 ) equal indu/ry & +5uity1 ! c>e] ( a man ( sci5ce1 do+ valuable "w 9 ma!matics1 a/ronomy1 navigation1 eng9e]+1 *emi/ry1 & especially 9 m9+ & metallurgy4 ,^! inquiries 7 foll[$ by /udies 9 philosophy & anatomy & physiology4 ,b ab\t ! ye> #agdd c]ta9 visions & o!r my/ical exp]i5ces began to take hold ( 8 m9d1 & ?ree ye>s lat] ,sw$5borg _h come to reg>d himself z ! m$ium ( a new revelation ( div9e tru?4 ,8 message1 or !ory1 or vision1 0 fir/ promulgat$ 9 ! eight qu>to volumes ( ! ,heav5ly ,arcana1 publi%$ 9 ,london f #agdi to #agef1 & ?is 0 foll[$ by ,heav5 & ,hell1 #ageh1 ! "w n[ be=e u1 ! full title ( :i* is ,heav5 & ,its ,wond]s1 ! ,_w ( ,spirits1 & ,hell3 describ$ by "o :o _h he>d & se5 :at he relates1 & sev]al o!r apocalyptic books1 all ( :i* 7 writt5 9 ,lat94 ,! ma9 features ( ,sw$5borg's !ology 7 a /rong emphasis on ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 ! proclamation ( ! imm$iate adv5t ( ! ,new ,j]usalem1 =etold by ! se] ( ,patmos1 & ! conception ( correspond5ces betwe5 ! natural1 spiritual1 & m5tal worlds4 ,8 foll[]s1 kn[n z ,sw$5borgians1 or m prop]ly z ,! ,new ,*ur* signifi$ by ! ,new ,j]usalem 9 ! ,revelation1 are widely spread b n v num]\s1 9 ,engl& & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sw$5borg di$ 9 ,london on ,m>* #bi1 #aggb4 ,i4--,,( ,,heav5 ,! fir/ ?+ necess>y to be kn[n is1 :o is ! ,god ( heav52 = ev]y?+ else dep5ds on ?is4 ,9 ! univ]sal heav51 no o!r is ackn[l$g$ = its ,god1 b ! ,"l ,alone2 !y say !re1 z ,he ,himself taught1 t ,he is ,"o ) ! ,fa!r2 t ! ,fa!r is 9 ,him1 & ,he 9 ! ,fa!r2 t :osoev] see? ,him1 see? ! ,fa!r2 & t ev]y?+ holy proce$s f ,him4 ,i h (t5 conv]s$ ) ! angels on ?is subject1 & !y con/antly decl>$ t !y are unable to divide ! ,div9e ,be+ into ?ree1 because !y "k & p]ceive t ! ,div9e ,be+ is "o1 & t ,he is ,"o 9 ! ,"l4 ,! angels1 tak5 collectively1 are call$ heav51 because !y compose x3 b /ill x is ! ,div9e ,sph]e proce$+ f ! ,"l1 :i* ent]s ! angels by influx1 & is by !m receiv$1 :i* ess5tially con/itutes x1 bo? 9 g5]al & 9 p>ticul>4 ,! ,div9e ,sph]e proce$+ f ! ,"l is ! good ( love & ! tru? ( fai?3 9 proportion1 !re=e1 z ! angels receive good & tru? f ! ,"l1 s f> !y are angels1 & s f> !y are heav54 ,z 9 heav5 !re are inf9ite v>ieties1 & no society is exactly l ano!r1 nor inde$ any angel1 !re=e heav5 is divid$ 9 a g5]al1 9 a specific1 & 9 a p>ticul> mann]4 ,x is divid$1 9 g5]al1 into two k+doms1 specifically1 into ?ree heav5s1 & 9 p>ticul>1 into innum]able societies4 ,!re are angels :o receive ! ,div9e ,sph]e proce$+ f ! ,"l m & less int]iorly4 ,!y :o receive x m int]iorly are call$ cele/ial angels2 b !y :o receive x less int]iorly are call$ spiritual angels4 ,h5ce1 heav5 is divid$ into two k+doms1 "o ( :i* is call$ ! ,cele/ial ,k+dom1 & ! o!r1 ! ,spiritual ,k+dom4 ,! angels ( ea* heav5 d n dwell all toge!r 9 "o place1 b are divid$ into l>g] & small] societies1 accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( ! good ( love & fai? 9 :i* !y are gr\nd$2 ^? :o are gr\nd$ 9 simil> good =m+ "o society4 ,!re is an inf9ite v>iety ( k9ds ( good 9 ! heav5s2 & e angel is su* 9 quality z is ! good belong+ to him4 ,t heav51 view$ collectively1 is 9 =m z "o man1 is a my/]y :i* is n yet kn[n to ! _w3 b x is well kn[n 9 ! heav5s2 = ! k ( ?is my/]y1 ) ! p>ticul> & mo/ p>ticul> circum/ances relat+ to x1 is ! *ief article ( ! intellig5ce ( ! angels2 s9ce _m o!r ?+s dep5d ^u x1 :i*1 )\t a k ( ?is z _! common c5tre1 c\ld n possibly ent] di/9ctly & cle>ly into _! ideas4 ,z !y "k t all ! heav5s toge!r ) _! societies are 9 =m z "o man1 !y also call heav5 ,,! ,,gr& ,,& ,,div9e ,,man2 div9e1 because ! ,div9e ,sph]e ( ! ,"l con/itutes heav54 ,f my exp]i5ce1 :i* ,i h enjoy$ = _m ye>s1 ,i c affirm t angels are 9 e respect m52 t !y h faces1 eyes1 e>s1 a body1 arms1 h&s1 & t !y see1 he>1 & conv]se ) ea* o!r2 9 %ort !y are defici5t 9 no?+ t belongs to a man except t !y are n sup]-inve/$ ) a mat]ial body4 ,_! habitations are exactly l our h\ses on e>?1 b m beautiful4 ,!y conta9 *amb]s1 )-draw+-rooms1 & b$-*amb]s1 9 great numb]s1 & are encompass$ ) g>d5s & fl[]-b$s4 ,:]e ! angels live toge!r 9 societies ! habitations are contigu\s1 & arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a city1 ) /reets1 squ>es1 & *ur*es4 ,x has also be5 grant$ to me to walk ?r\gh !m1 & to look ab\t on all sides1 & occasionally to ent] ! h\ses4 ,?is occurr$ to me :5 wide awake1 my int]ior sight be+ op5 at ! "t4 ,t x is by d]elation f ! ,"l's ,div9e ,humanity t heav51 bo? 9 :ole & 9 p>ts1 is 9 =m z a man1 foll[s z a conclusion f all t has be5 advanc$4 ,!re is a correspond5ce betwe5 all ?+s belong+ to heav5 & all ?+s belong+ to man4 ,x is unkn[n at ?is day :at correspond5ce is4 ,?is ignorance is ow+ to v>i\s causes2 ! *ief ( :i* is1 t man has remov$ himself f heav51 ?r\gh *]i%+ ! love ( self & ( ! _w4 ,= he t supremely loves himself & ! _w c>es only = worldly ?+s1 because !y soo! ! ext]nal s5ses & are agreeable to 8 natural disposition2 b has no conc]n ab\t spiritual ?+s1 because ^! only soo! ! int]nal s5ses & are agreeable to ! int]nal or rational m9d4 ,^!1 !re=e1 !y ca/ aside1 say+ t !y are too high = man's compreh5sion4 ,n s did ! anci5ts4 ,) !m ! sci5ce ( correspond5ces 0 ! *ief ( all sci5ces3 by means ( its discov]ies1 also1 !y imbib$ intellig5ce & wisdom1 & su* ( !m z belong$ to ! *ur* _h by x communication ) heav52 = ! sci5ce ( correspond5ces is ! sci5ce ( angels4 ,x %all fir/ be /at$ :at correspond5ce is4 ,! :ole natural _w corresponds to ! spiritual _w2 & n only ! natural _w collectively1 b also 9 its individual p>ts3 :]e=e e object 9 ! natural _w1 exi/+ f some?+ 9 ! spiritual _w1 is call$ its correspond5t4 ,! natural _w exi/s & subsi/s f ! spiritual _w1 j z ! effect exi/s f ! effici5t cause4 ,s9ce man is bo? a heav5 & a _w 9 m9iature1 he has belong+ to him bo? a spiritual _w & a natural _w4 ,! int]iors1 :i* belong to 8 m9d1 & h relation to 8 und]/&+ & w1 con/itute 8 spiritual _w2 b 8 ext]iors1 :i* belong to 8 body1 & h ref]5ce to its s5ses & actions1 con/itute 8 natural _w4 ,! nature ( correspond5ce may be se5 f ! face ( man4 ,9 a c\nt5ance :i* has n be5 taught to dissemble1 all ! affections ( ! m9d display !mselves vividly1 9 a natural =m1 z 9 _! type2 :5ce ! face is call$ ! index ( ! m9d4 ,?us man's spiritual _w %[s itself 9 its natural _w4 ,all ?+s1 !re=e1 :i* take effect 9 ! body1 :e!r 9 ! c\nt5ance1 ! spee*1 or ! ge/ures1 are call$ correspond5ces4 ,! angels rejoice t x has pleas$ ! ,"l to reveal _m p>ticul>s to mank9d4 ,!y desire me to /ate f _! lips1 t !re does n exi/1 9 ! univ]sal heav51 a s+le angel :o 0 creat$ su* f ! fir/1 nor any devil 9 hell :o 0 creat$ an angel ( light & aft]w>ds ca/ d[n ?i!r2 b t all ! inhabitants1 bo? ( heav5 & ( hell1 are d]iv$ f ! human race2 ! inhabitants ( heav5 be+ ^? :o _h liv$ 9 heav5ly love & fai?1 & ^? ( hell :o _h liv$ 9 inf]nal love & fai?4 ,,ii--,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,spirits ,! _w ( spirits is n heav5 nor yet hell1 b is a place or /ate int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,?i!r man goes aft] dea?2 & hav+ complet$ ! p]iod ( 8 /ay !re1 accord+ to 8 life 9 ! _w he is ei!r elevat$ into heav5 or ca/ into hell4 ,! _w ( spirits conta9s a great numb] ( inhabitants1 because x is ! region 9 :i* all fir/ assemble1 & :]e all are exam9$ & are prep>$ = _! f9al abode4 ,_! /ay !re is n limit$ to any fix$ p]iod3 "s d b j ent] x1 & are pres5tly ei!r tak5 up to heav5 or ca/ d[n to hell3 "s rema9 !re only a few weeks2 & "s = sev]al ye>s1 b nev] m ?an ?irty4 ,! v>ieties 9 ! l5g? ( _! /ay dep5d ^u ! correspond5ce1 or noncorrespond5ce betwe5 _! int]iors & _! ext]iors4 ,z m5 ent] ! _w ( spirits1 !y are di/+ui%$ by ! ,"l into classes4 ,! wick$ are imm$iately connect$ by invisible bonds ) ! society ( hell1 & ! good1 9 a simil> way1 ) ! society ( heav51 b not)/&+ ^! bonds1 !y meet & conv]se toge!r4 ,i saw a fa!r conv]s+ ) 8 six sons1 all ( :om he recognis$2 b z !y 7 diff]5t 9 disposition1 result+ f _! c\rse ( life 9 ! _w1 aft] a %ort "t !y 7 p>t$4 ,! _s ( a man1 :5 fir/ he ent]s ! _w ( spirits1 is simil> 9 c\nt5ance & 9 ! tone ( 8 voice to :at he 0 9 ! _w4 ,! reason is1 because he is !n 9 ! /ate ( 8 ext]iors & 8 int]iors are n yet laid op54 ,?is is ! fir/ /ate ( man aft] dea?4 ,b aft]w>ds 8 c\nt5ance is *ang$2 be+ r5d]$ simil> to 8 gov]n+ affection or love1 :i* is t 9 :i* ! int]iors belong+ to 8 m9d _h be5 gr\nd$ :ile 9 ! _w1 & :i* _h reign$ 9 8 _s :ile ?is 0 9 ! body4 ,= ! face ( a man's _s diff]s exce$+ly f t ( 8 body2 ! face ( 8 body be+ d]iv$ f 8 p>5ts1 b t ( 8 _s f 8 affection1 ( :i* x is ! image4 ,t 8 own life rema9s ) ev]yone aft] dea? is kn[n to e ,*ri/ian f ! ,^w4 ,ev]yone1 also1 :o ?9ks "u ! influ5ce ( good & ( real tru?1 has no o!r idea ?an t he :o has liv$ well w g to heav51 & he :o has liv$ ill w g to hell4 ,b by de$s & works are n m]ely meant de$s & works z !y appe> 9 _! ext]nal =m1 b z !y appe> int]nally4 ,ev]yone kn[s1 t e de$ or "w proce$s f ! w & ?\ght ( ! do]2 = o!rwise !y w\ld be m]e motions1 su* z are p]=m$ by automatons & images4 ,! de$ or "w1 !n1 view$ 9 itself1 is no?+ b an effect1 :i* d]ives its s\l & life f ! w & ?\ght f :i* x is p]=m$2 & s completely is ?is ! case t ! de$ or "w is ! w & ?\ght 9 _! effect1 & is1 consequ5tly1 ! w & ?\ght 9 _! ext]nal =m4 ,x h5ce foll[s1 t su* z are1 9 quality1 ! w & ?\ght :i* produce ! de$ or "w1 su*1 also1 is ! de$ or "w itself2 & t if ! ?\ght & w are good ! de$s or works are good2 & if ! ?\ght & w are evil ! de$s & works are evil1 not)/&+ 9 _! ext]nal =m !y appe> l ! =m]4 ,to sum up ! tru?s conc]n+ man's /ate aft] dea?1 ,i w say1 fir/3 t man1 aft] dea?1 is 8 own love1 or 8 own w2 secondly3 t1 9 quality1 man rema9s to et]nity1 su* z he is ) respect to 8 w or gov]n+ love2 ?irdly3 t ! man ^: love is cele/ial & spiritual goes to heav51 b t ! man ^: love is corporeal & worldly1 de/itute ( su* z is cele/ial & spiritual1 goes to hell2 f\r?ly3 t fai? does n rema9 ) man1 if n gr\nd$ 9 heav5ly love2 fif?ly3 t :at rema9s ) man is love 9 act1 consequ5tly 8 life4 ,,iii4--,,( ,,hell ,:5 treat+ above respect+ heav51 x has ev]y:]e be5 %[n1 t ! ,"l is ! ,god ( heav51 & ?us t ! :ole gov]nm5t ( ! heav5s is t ( ! ,"l4 ,n[ z ! relation :i* heav5 be>s to hell1 & t :i* hell be>s to heav51 is su* z exi/s betwe5 two opposites1 :i* mutually act aga9/ ea* o!r1 & ! result ( ^: action & reaction is a /ate ( equilibrium1 9 :i* all ?+s may subsi/1 !re=e1 9 ord] t all & ev]y?+ %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 equilibrium1 x is necess>y t he :o gov]ns ! "o %\ld also gov]n ! o!r4 ,= unless ! same rul] 7 to re/ra9 ! assaults made by ! hells1 & to keep d[n ! insanities :i* rage 9 !m1 ! equilibrium w\ld be de/roy$1 & ) x ! :ole univ]se4 ,x is ?is spiritual equilibrium t causes man to enjoy fre$om 9 ?9k+ & will+4 ,= :atev] a man ?9ks & wills has ref]5ce ei!r to evil & ! falsity proce$+ f x1 or to good & ! tru? :i* comes f t s\rce3 consequ5tly1 :5 he is plac$ 9 t equilibrium he enjoys ! lib]ty ( ei!r1 admitt+ & receiv+ evil & its falsity f hell1 or good 9 its tru? f heav54 ,e man is ma9ta9$ 9 ?is equilibrium by ! ,"l1 because he gov]ns bo?--heav5 z well z hell4 ,hell1 l heav51 is divid$ into societies2 & e society 9 heav5 has a society opposite to x 9 hell2 :i* is provid$ = ! pres]vation ( ! equilibrium4 ,x is by influ5ce f hell t man does evil1 & by influ5ce f ! ,"l t he does good4 ,b z man believes t :atev] he does1 he does f himself1 ! consequ5ce is t ! evil :i* he does adh]es to him z 8 own4 ,x h5ce foll[s t ! cause ( 8 own evil lies ) man1 & n at all ) ! ,"l4 ,evil z exi/+ ) man is hell1 z exi/+ ) him3 = :e!r y say evil or hell1 am\nts to ! same ?+4 ,n[ s9ce ! cause ( 8 own evil lies ) man himself1 x foll[s t x is he :o ca/s himself into hell1 & n ! ,"l2 & s f> is ! ,"l f lead+ man into hell1 t he deliv]s f hell1 s f> z ! man does n w & loves to abide 9 8 own evil4 ,b ! :ole ( man's w & love rema9s ) him aft] dea?3 :oev] wills & loves evil 9 ! _w1 wills & loves ! same evil 9 ! o!r life2 & he !n no long] suff]s himself to be )drawn f x4 ,x h5ce results1 t ! man :o is imm]s$ 9 evil is connect$ by invisible bonds ) hell3 he is also actually !re z to 8 _s2 &1 aft] dea?1 he desires no?+ m e>ne/ly ?an to be :]e 8 evil is4 ,f an inspection ( ! mon/r\s =ms belong+ to ! spirits 9 ! hells1 x 0 made evid5t to me t !y all1 9 g5]al1 are =ms ( self-love & ! love ( ! _w1 & t ! evils1 ( :i* 9 p>ticul> !y are ! =ms1 d]ive _! orig9 f ^? two loves4 ,x has also be5 told me f heav51 & prov$ to me by mu* exp]im5tal evid5ce1 t ^? two loves--self-love & ! love ( ! _w--reign 9 ! hells & also con/itute !m2 :]eas love to ! ,"l & love t[>ds ! neighb\r reign 9 ! heav5s & also con/itute !m3 & t ! two =m] loves1 :i* are ! loves ( hell1 & ! two latt]1 :i* are ! loves ( heav51 are diametrically opposite to ea* o!r4 ,z by ! fire ( hell is to be und]/ood all ! lu/ ( do+ evil fl[+ f self-love1 by ! same is also meant torm5t1 su* z exi/s 9 ! hells4 ,= ! lu/ fl[+ f t love is1 9 ^? :o are inflam$ by x1 ! lu/ ( do+ injury to all :o d n hon\r1 respect1 & pay c\rt to !m2 & 9 proportion to ! ang] :i* !y !nce conceive aga9/ su* individuals1 & to ! hatr$ & rev5ge inspir$ by su* ang]1 is _! lu/ ( committ+ outrages aga9/ !m4 ,n[ :5 su* a lu/ rages 9 ev]yone 9 a society1 & !y h no ext]nal bond to keep !m "u re/ra9t1 su* z ! fe> ( ! law1 & ( ! loss ( "*1 ( hon\r1 ( ga91 & ( ! l1 ev]yone "u ! influ5ce ( 8 own evil attracts ano!r &1 s f> z he is /rong en\gh1 subjugates him1 subjects ! re/ to 8 own au?ority1 & ex]cises f]oci\s outrages ) delight ^u all :o d n submit to him4 ,all ! hells are societies ( ?is description3 on :i* acc\nt1 e _s1 & e society1 *]i%es hatr$ 9 8 he>t aga9/ e o!r1 &1 "u ! influ5ce ( su* hatr$1 breaks out into savage outrages aga9/ him1 z f> z he is able to inflict !m4 ,^! outrages1 & ! torm5ts s occasion$1 are also meant by hell fire2 = !y are ! effects ( ! lu/s :i* !re prevail4 ,9 ord] t man may be 9 a /ate ( lib]ty1 z necess>y to 8 be+ re=m$1 he is connect$1 z to 8 _s1 ) heav5 & ) hell3 = spirits f hell1 & angels f heav51 are att5dant on e man4 ,by ! spirits f hell1 man is held 9 8 evil2 b by ! ,angels f heav51 he is held 9 good by ! ,"l4 ,?us he is pres]v$ 9 spiritual equilibrium1 t is1 9 fre$om or lib]ty4 ,! p>ticul>s :i* h be5 deliv]$ 9 ?is "w respect+ heav51 ! _w ( spirits1 & hell1 w appe> obscure to ^? :o take no pleasure 9 acquir+ a k ( spiritual tru?s2 b !y w appe> cle> to ^? :o take pleasure 9 t acquirem5t2 & especially ^? :o *]i% an affection ( tru? = its own sake1--t is1 :o love tru? because x is tru?4 ,= ev]y?+ t is lov$ ent]s ) light into ! ideas ( ! m9d3 & ?is is em95tly ! case1 :5 t :i* is lov$ is tru?3 = all tru? dwells 9 light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,talmud ,! ^w ,talmud1 f ! ,hebrew v]b lamad1 equall+ to le>n1 d5otes lit]ally :at-is-le>n+4 ,!n x comes to mean in/ruction1 tea*+1 doctr9e4 ,:at is usually call$ ! ,talmud consi/s ( two p>ts3 #a4 ,! ,mi%nah 7lit]ally1 tradition & !n traditional doctr9e7 a code ( ,jewi% laws1 civil1 crim9al1 religi\s1 & s =?2 bas$ o/5sibly on ! ,p5tateu*1 exp\nd+1 apply+1 & develop+ ! laws conta9$ 9 ! s-call$ five books ( ,moses4 #b4 ,! ,gem>a1 a ^w :i* means lit]ally completion1 or supplem5t1 i4e41 9 ref]5ce to ! ,mi%nah4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 expla9 ! ^w z mean+ tea*+4 ,! ^w is us$ te*nically to d5ote ! expansion1 exposition1 & illu/ration ( ! ,mi%nah :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,talmud4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! ^w ,talmud d5otes ! ,gem>a only1 b 9 its ord9>y s5se ! ^w d5otes ! ,mi%nah toge!r ) its completion 9 ! ,gem>a4 ,9 ! ,talmud itself1 z usually pr9t$1 ! section ( ! ,mi%nah to be comm5t$ on & illu/rat$ is foll[$ by ! ,gem>a 9 :i* ! op9ions ( ! great ,rabbi are /at$ & discuss$4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! ,mi%nah1 s1 also1 ! ,talmud has six pr9cipal divisions3 ^! w be foll[$ 9 ! subsequ5t epitomes & ne$ n1 !re=e1 be giv5 "h4 ,!re are two v]sions or =ms ( ! ,talmud3 #a4 ,! ,babylonian1 or t due to ! /udies & discussions ( ! ,jewi% doctors 9 ! v>i\s ,hebrew colleges ( ,babylon 7,sura1 ,pumbadi?a1 & s =?73 9 ?is ! ,gem>a is "s t5 times z l>ge z ! ,mi%nah4 ,:5 we speak ( ! ,talmud x is t ( ,babylon :i* is always meant4 ,its language is ,ea/]n ,aramaic4 #b4 ,! ,pale/9ian ,talmud1 compil$ & edit$ by ! heads ( ! ,hebrew s*ools 9 ,pale/9e1 ,tib]ius1 ,sepphoris1 & s =?4 ,its language is ,we/]n ,aramaic1 & its f9al editor is said to be ,rabbi ,a%e1 :o di$ ,a4,d4 #dbg4 ,?is is (t5 errone\sly call$ ! ,j]usalem ,talmud4 ,9 its pres5t =m x is only ab\t "o-f\r? z l>ge z ! ,babylonian ,talmud4 ,! latt] discusses ne>ly e section ( ! ,mi%nah1 :]eas ! ,pale/9e ,talmud passes by a l>ge proportion ( ! ,mi%nah )\t note or comm5t4 ,t is1 h[ev]1 because mu* ( ?is latt] ,talmud has be5 lo/1 =1 9 ! "t ( ,maimonides 7di$ at ,cairo ,a4,d4 #abjd7 ! ,gem>a ( ! ,j]usalem ,talmud discuss$ ne>ly e "p ( ! ,mi%nah4 ,! ,mi%nah is usually said to h be5 complet$ by ,rabbi ,jehudah ,hannasi1 or ! ,pr9ce 7,hannasi71 call$ simply ,rabbi by way ( preem95ce1 :o di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #baj 9 8 sixtie? ye>4 ,b !re are p>ts ( ! ,mi%nah :i* are old]1 & p>ts also at lea/ a c5tury lat] ?an ! dea? ( t great s*ol>4 ,!re is no absolute pro( t ! ,mi%nah 0 committ$ to writ+ until "s "t aft] ! completion ( ! ,pale/9ian 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #djj7 or ev5 ( ! ,babylonian 7ab\t ,a4,d4 #ejj7 ,talmud1 =1 9 nei!r ,gem>a is !re any ref]5ce to a writt5 ,mi%nah1 nor is a writt5 =m ( ! ,mi%nah impli$ any:]e4 ,! pres]vation ( ?is wond]ful code ( ,jewi% laws 0 due to memory alone1 m5 be+ appo9t$ 9 ! v>i\s synagogues to le>n ! ,mi%naic sections & to recite !m :5ev] x 0 necess>y4 ,extracts w be giv5 bel[ f ! ,mi%nah & also f ! ,gem>a1 ! lett]s ,m & ,g prec$+ p>agraphs indicat+ :i* ( ! two is summ>is$4 ,,division ,i4--,,call$ ,,se$s ,?is "p deals fir/ ( all ) pray]1 & !n mo/ ( all ) ! v>i\s ti!s & donations :i* are due to ! prie/s1 ,levites1 & ! poor1 f ! products ( ! l&4 ,,section ,i4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,bless+s 7,b]akot74 ,! "t = read+ or recit+ ! ,%emang4#cb ,m4 ,at :at "t 9 ! ev5+ may %emang be read8 ,f ! "t :5 ! prie/s1 hav+ cleans$ !mselves1 ent] ! sanctu>y to p>take ( ! (f]+ 7#b7 7i4e41 :5 ! />s come out7 until ! end ( ! fir/ wat* 7ab\t #aj p4m474 ,s says ,rabbi ,eliez>1 b o!rwise m5 ext5d ! "t until midnight4 ,rabbi ,gameliel makes ! "t rea* ev5 to ! dawn ( ! foll[+ day4 ,x happ5$ once t 8 sons return$ home at midnight )\t hav+ read ! %emang4 ,on ask+ _! fa!r if x 0 too late he repli$ t ! obligation to p]=m ! duties ( ea* day is valid until ! fir/ light ( morn+ %[s itself4 ,! morn+ ,%emang4 ,m4 ,f :at "t may ! morn+ %emang be read8 ,f ! mom5t :5 !re is light en\gh to di/+ui% betwe5 purple-blue & :ite4 ,rabbi ,eliez> says betwe5 purple-blue & leek-gre5 7:i* are h>d] to di/+ui%7 7#c74 ,up to :5 may ! morn+ %emang be read8 ,until ! sun has ris54 ,rabbi ,jose says until ! end ( ! ?ird h\r aft] sunrise1 = x is ! cu/om ( k+s' sons to rise 9 ! ?ird h\r ( ! day4 ,yet a good act1 su* z %emang is1 nev] loses its virtue :5ev] x is p]=m$4 ,! attitude 9 :i* ! %emang %\ld be read4 ,m4 ,! 7/rict7 ,s*ool ( ,%ammai say m5 ought to b[ 9 read+ ! ev5+ %emang1 b to /& upright :5 say+ %emang 9 ! morn+1 _! scripture w>rant be+ ,deut4 vi1 #g1 :5 ?\ lie/ d[n & :5 ?\ rise/ up4 ,b accord+ to 7! m lib]al7 ,s*ool ( ,hillel1 p mu/ be all[$ to read ! %emang 9 :atev] attitude !y *oose1 ref]r+ to ! words 9 ! same passage3 ,:5 ?\ sitte/ 9 ?y h\se & :5 ?\ walke/ 9 ! way4 ,:y !n ! words :5 ?\ lie/ d[n & :5 ?\ rise/ up8 ,because ^! are ! acts t m5 p]=m :5 ! %emang w\ld be usually read4 ,rabbi ,t>phon said t once :5 j\rney+ ( an ev5+1 he /oop$ 9 ord] to read ! %emang1 ) ! result t 8 goods 7 almo/ tak5 f him by unsuspect$ robb]s4 ,he 0 told t he w\ld h des]v$ x1 _h he be5 actually robb$1 = n hav+ foll[$ ! decision ( ! ,hillel ,s*ool4 ,! ,gem>a on ! above ,mi%nahs gives ! op9ions ( a l>ge numb] ( ,rabbis1 report+ also discussions 9 :i* !y took "p4 ,! b5$ictions be=e & aft] ! ,%emang4 ,m4 ,two b5$ictions 7#d7 are to be said be=e ! morn+ %emang1 & "o aft] x4 ,:5 ! ,%emang is rightly read4 ,m4 ,he :o reads ! %emang )\t he>+ 8 own voice has yet dis*>g$ 8 duty if only 8 he>t has gone ) ! read+4 ,p]sons n to read ! ,%emang3 ,wom51 slaves1 & m9ors are n comm&$ to read ! ,%emang1 or to we> phylact]ies4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 expect$ to recite ! eighte5 b5$ictions1 ! grace aft] meat1 & also to see t ! ,mezuza is atta*$ to ! doorpo/4#cc4 ,g4 ,:]e are we taught t ! ,%e*9ah re/s ^u "o :o /udies ! law8 ,9 ,exodus xx1 #bd1 :]e x is writt53 ,9 all places :]e ,i record my "n ,i w come unto !e1 & ,i w bless !e4 ,! ,pale/9e ,talmud p>aphrases ?us3 ,9 e place 9 :i* ye %all memorialise ,my holy "n1 ,my ^w %all be reveal$ unto y1 & %all bless y4 ,he>1 ,o ,israel1 ,jehovah our ,god1 ev5 ,jehovah is "o4 ,deut4 vi1 #d4 ,:oev] prolongs ! utt]ance ( ! ^w "o 7,heb4 ekhad71 8 days & ye>s %all be prolong$4 ,once1 ! ,rabbis say1 ! ,roman gov]nm5t decre$ t no ,israelite %\ld be all[$ to /udy ! ,law4 ,imm$iately aft]1 ,rabbi ,agiba 0 f\nd tea*+ ! ,law to cr[ds ( p :o _h ga!r$ ar\nd him4 ,"s "o pass+ by ask$ him ,fe>e/ ?\ n ! ,roman gov]nm5t8 ,to :i* he said1 ,i w answ] by a p>able3 ,a fox 0 once walk+ by a riv] side :5 he saw ! fi% ru%+ di/ract$ly hi!r & ?i!r4 ,on ask+ !m ! cause ( all _! p]turbation1 !y repli$3 ',we are afraid ( ! nets :i* wick$ m5 are ev] sett+ to cat* u4' ',:y1 !n1' said ! fox1 'd y n leave t dang]\s elem5t & try ! dry l& ) me8' ',surely1' repli$ ! fi%1 '?\ art 9 ?is mo/ fooli% & unfoxlike1 = if x is dang]\s = u to dwell 9 ?is1 our native elem5t1 h[ mu* m w\ld x be if we left x = ! dry l&8' ,s1 cont9u$ ,agiba1 all ^? :o /udy ! ,law h ! ,div9e ,promise1 ,deut4 xxx1 #bj3 ,he is ?y life & ! l5g? ( ?y days4 ,,division ,,ii--,,fea/s 7,,mong,d7 conta9s directions = obs]v+ ! fe/ivals1 includ+ ! ,sabba?4 ,! aim 9 all is pr(ess$ly to make explicit :at is implicit 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,b _m late ideas & cu/oms are br\ght into ?is division1 ( :i* ! ,p5tateu* kn[s no?+4 ,ev5 ! fea/ ( ,purim m5tion$ "h x q unm5cion$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 #a4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,sabba?4 ,law reg>d+ transf] ( goods on ! ,sabba?4 ,m4 ,x is comm&$ 9 ,exodus xvi1 #bi1 t no man g out ( 8 place on ! ,sabba? day4 ,?is implies t no "o is to take goods f 8 own premises to ^? ( ano!r47#f74 ,:at1 h[ev]1 con/itutes "o's own premises8 7,re%ut74 ,!re are _m cases to be consid]$4 ,suppose a begg> /& outside & ! ma/] ( ! h\se inside4 ,if ! fir/ rea*es 8 h& ?r\gh a w9d[ or door to ! second1 or takes some?+ out ( ! h& ( ! latt]1 ! begg> is guilty1 b ! ma/] is absolv$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ma/] puts 8 h& outside ! h\se1 & places some?+ 9 ! begg>'s h&s1 he is guilty1 b ! begg> is absolv$4 ,!re are 9 all f\r cases treat+ ( ! man inside & f\r ( ! man outside4 ,g4 ,rabbi ,ma?ra said to ,abazi1 ,!re are eight or ev5 t5 cases ( transf]4 ,rab que/ion$ ,rabbi1 ,suppose "o f ! outside 7 lad5 9 ! h\se ) food1 fruit1 etc4 ,h[ /&s ! law8 ,is ! removal ( 8 body tantam\nt to ! removal ( a ?+ f its place8 ,yes1 said ,rabbi2 ?is is n l ! case ( remov+ ! h&1 because ! latt] 0 n at re/1 :ile 9 ! =m]1 ! body1 be=e & aft] removal1 0 entirely at re/4 ,suppose1 said "o ,rabbi to ano!r1 t a p]son has put bread into an ov5 & x is n done by ! "t ! ,sabba? beg9s4 ,may he take x out be=e x is spoil$8 ,he may lawfully d s if he put x !re1 believ+ x w\ld be fully bak$ be=e ! ,sabba? arriv$4 ,acts =bidd5 on ,sabba? eve4 ,m4 ,j be=e ! "t ( ,sabba? ev5+ pray] 7#g71 a man is n all[$ to sit to a b>b]1 to ent] a ba?1 a tany>d1 to sit to a meal1 or to beg9 to act z judge 9 a ,law ,c\rt4 ,he mu/ fir/ ( all p]=m 8 devotions4 ,b suppos+ t "o has comm5c$ any "o ( ^! acts1 !n let !m be f9i%$4 ,g4 ,a man beg9s ! act ( haircutt+ :5 ! b>b]'s clo? is spread ov] him4 ,ba?+ has begun if ! out] coat has be5 pull$ (f4 ,a man has comm5c$ to tan if 8 work+ apron has be5 ti$ ar\nd him4 ,a meal beg9s :5 ! h&s are wa%$ or 7z "s say7 :5 ! girdle has be5 remov$4 ,! process ( judg+ has begun :5 ! judges h donn$ _! pr(essional robes1 or 7z "s h x7 directly ! litigants beg9 plead+4 ,! ,jew & a non-,jew4 ,m4 ,! s*ool ( ,%ammai =bids a ,jew to sell any?+ to a non-,jew on ! ,sabba? eve1 or to help him ) a load unless ! ,jew c rea* "s neighb\r+ village be=e ! ,sabba? fully sets 94 ,! ,s*ool ( ,hillel1 h[ev]1 all[s x4 ,miscellane\s prohibitions4 ,m4 ,a tailor mu/ n g out on ! ,sabba? eve ) 8 ne$le1 le/ he =get x & c>ry x dur+ ! ,sabba?4 ,nor mu/ ! pr(essional writ] 7scribe7 g out ) 8 writ+ re$ on ! ,sabba? eve4 ,accord+ to ! ,s*ool ( ,%ammai x is unlawful on ! ,sabba? eve to deliv] sk9s to a hea!n tann]1 or clo!s to be wa%$ to a non-,jewi% laundress1 unless !re be "t en\gh = !m to be got q ready be=e ! ,sabba? beg9s4 ,b ! ,s*ool ( ,hillel all[$ p]fect fre$om 9 ! matt]4 ,rabbi ,simeon b5 ,gemaliel says1 x 0 ! cu/om 9 my p>5tal home to h& ov] to ! non-,jewi% laundress ?+s to be wa%$1 ?ree days be=e ! ,sabba?4 ,x is =bidd5 to fry meat1 onions1 or eggs1 on ! ,sabba? eve1 unless !y c be completely cook$ be=e ! ,sabba? beg9s4 ,bread mu/ n be put into ! ov51 nor cakes on ! coal1 unless !re is "t be=e ! ,sabba? comes 9 = ! surface to become encru/$4 ,conc]n+ ! ,sabba? lamp4#cd4 ,m4 ,:]e) may "o light ! ,sabba? lamp8 ,n ) wicks made ) c$> moss1 or raw flax1 or silk fibre1 or we$s gr[+ 9 wat]1 or %ip moss4 ,nor %all pit*1 wax1 cottonse$ oil1 or oil ( reject$ (f]+s1 or oil f %eeptail fat1 be us$ = ^! lamps4 ,g4 ,! ,rabbis all[$ ! a=em5tion$ +r$i5ts to be us$ = ! ,sabba? fires1 ?\gh n = ! ,sabba? lamps4 ,:y are wicks made ( ! above mat]ials prohibit$8 ,because !y give b a flick]+ light4 ,! oily sub/ances m5tion$ are =bidd5 because !y d n adh]e to ! wick4 ,ab\t ext+ui%+ ! ,sabba? lamp4 ,m4 ,he :o ext+ui%es ! ,sabba? lamp = fe> ( non-,jews or robb]s or ( evil spirits1 or 9 ord] t ! sick may sleep1 is free f guilt4 ,b if ! object is m]ely to save exp5se ! lamp ext+ui%] /&s condemn$4 ,?ree ?+s to say on ! ,sabba? eve4 ,m4 ,i4 ,h ye ti!d ! food to be eat5 on ! ,sabba?8 #b4 ,h ye made ! erub8 #c4 ,light ye ! ,sabba? lamp4 ,man's two ,sabba? angels4 ,g4 ,z he returns home f ! ,synagogue on ! ,sabba? eve1 e man is accompani$ by two angels1 "o good1 ! o!r evil4 ,if1 on com+ home1 ! man f9ds ! lamp lit1 ! tables spread1 & ev]y?+ 9 ord]1 ! good angel says1 ,may ! com+ ,sabba? be z ?is pres5t "o4 ,to :i* ! evil angel is compell$ reluctantly to respond ,am54 ,b if ev]y?+ be 9 disord] ! bad angel says1 ,may ! com+ ,sabba? be z ! pres5t "o4 ,to :i* ! good angel is oblig$ reluctantly to respond1 ,am54 ,! ov]turn+ ( ,m\nt ,s9ai4 7#i74 ,g4 ,:5 ! ,israelites refus$ to believe ! words ( ,moses aft] he _h return$ f ! m\nta91 ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 inv]t$ ! m\nta9 above !m l a top1 & said unto !m1 ,if ye receive ! ,law1 well1 b if n1 y\r graves %all be "h4 ,lucky & unlucky bir?days4 ,g4 ,rabbi ,simon b5 ,levi said t :oev] is born on ! fir/ day ( ! week 7,sunday7 w be ei!r ?or\ghly good or ?or\ghly bad1 because on t day light & d>kness 7 creat$4 ,if on ! second day ( ! week1 he w be /+y1 because ! wat]s 7 divid$ on t day4 ,if on ! ?ird day1 he w be ri* & prosp]\s1 because on t day abundant vegetation 0 creat$4 ,if on ! f\r? day1 he w be wise & happy1 because on t day ! lum9>ies 7 fix$4 ,if on ! fif? day1 he w be good-natur$1 because fi%es & f[ls 7 !n creat$1 & ^! are f$ by ,god alone4 ,if on ! six? day1 he w be likely to give himself to good works1 because t is ! ,sabba? prep>ation day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he be born on ! ,sabba?1 he w also die on ! ,sabba?1 z a puni%m5t = 8 desecration ( t sacr$ day by 8 bir?4 #b4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,passov] 7,pesakh974 ,no4 #c 9 ord]4 ,m4 ,on ! eve ( ! f\rte5? ,nisan1 se>* mu/ be made = leav5 by ! light ( a lamp 7#aj74 ,g4 ,:at means ! ,hebrew ^w or8 7,translat$ above on ! eve (74 ,rabbi ,huna says x means1 :5 ! day beg9s to dawn3 b accord+ to ,rabbi ,jehuda x means at night1 b 9 ,g5esis xliv1 #c1 & #bnd ,sam4 xxiii1 #d1 ! v]b means to get day1 to dawn1 s t ,rabbi ,huna is "r4 ,abazi said t no /ud5t %\ld ent] ^u 8 /udies j be=e ! dawn ( ! f\rte5? ,nizan1 le/ he =get to se>* = leav54 ,g4 ,to ,amora9 7#aa7 propose ! foll[+ "q3 ,suppose a man let a h\se to ano!r1 tell+ him t he _h remov$ all leav5 b subsequ5tly x 0 f\nd t "s leav5 _h be5 left4 ,is ! agreem5t to take ! h\se b9d+8 ,abazi said1 ,yes1 x is1 = x is bett] t ea* h\sehold] sees = himself t all leav5 has be5 remov$4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! se>* = leav5 a bless+ mu/ be said1 z1 inde$1 be=e any religi\s act is p]=m$4 ,by ! light ( ! lamp4 ,g4 ,! light ( ! sun or ( ! moon or ( a flame ( fire may n be us$ 9 se>*+ = leav51 z ! ,rabbis say is taught 9 ,zephaniah i1 #ab 7,i w se>* ,j]usalem ) lights71 & ,prov4 xx1 #bg 7,man's s\l is ,jehovah's lamp se>*+ ! inn] *amb]s ( ! body47 #c4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,new ,,ye>',s ,,day 7,ro% ,ha%%anah74 ,no4 #h 9 ord]4 ,g4 ,! g5]ation be=e ! flood 0 puni%$ ) boil+ wat]4 7#ab74 #d4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,roll 7#ac7 7,megillah74 ,no4 #aj 9 ord]4 ,m4 ,! ,megillah 7i4e41 ,e/h]7 is sometimes read on ! #aa?1 #ab?1 #ac?1 #ad?1 or #ae? ( ! mon? ,ad>1 n e>li] nor lat] 7= details see ! ,mi%nah & ,gem>a74 ,g4 ,rabbi ,jehuda says on ! au?ority ( ,samuel1 t ! book ( ,e/h] does n defile ! h&s 7#ad71 i4e41 t ?is book 0 n giv5 by ! inspiration ( ,god4 ,samuel1 h[ev]1 expla9$ t ,e/h] 0 dictat$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 b only to be orally repeat$1 & n to be writt54 ,g4 ,:5 a scroll ( ! ,law has become ?r\gh age unfit = use x is to be buri$ 9 an e>!n vessel1 z is said 9 ,j]emiah xxii1 #ad1 ,& put !m 9 an e>!n vessel1 t !y may cont9ue _m days4 ,a scroll ( ! ,law ought nev] to be sold unless ! object be to enable ! sell] to /udy ! ,law bett]1 or to take himself a wife4 ,rabbi ,simon b5 ,gemaliel said :oev] sells a scroll ( ! ,law1 or a daught]1 ?\gh he does x because he has no?+ to eat1 w h no good f ! pur*ase money4 #e4 ,,treatise ,,deal+ ,,) ,,! ,,laws ,,ab\t ,,fe/ival ,,(f]+s4 7,khagiga74 ,no4 #ab 9 ord]4 ,^? "u an obligation to (f] ! burnt (f]+s dur+ ! ?ree great annual ,fea/s4 ,m4 ,ev]yone is "u an obligation to (f] ! burnt (f]+ except ! foll[+3 ,a deaf man1 a fool1 a *ild1 "o ( d\btful sex1 "o ( d\ble sex1 a woman1 a slave1 a lame man1 a bl9d man1 a sick man4 ,:at is meant by a *ild8 ,"o n able to ride ^u 8 fa!r's %\ld]s 9 ord] to g up f ,j]usalem to ! ,temple4 ,s say ! ,s*ool ( ,%ammai1 b ! ,hillel ,s*ool def9e *ild1 ,"o unable to take hold ( 8 fa!r's h& to g f ,j]usalem to ! ,temple4 ,g4 ,:at does ! expression ev]yone include8 ,him :o is half a slave & half free & also him :o is lame on ! fir/ day & well on ! second day1 z well z ! man :o is bl9d 9 "o eye1 except ! deaf man1 a fool1 & *ild1 & s =?4 ,a deaf man is l a fool & a *ild1 = he is n responsible = 8 actions any m ?an !y are4 ,,! ,,^w ,,tohu ,,rightly ,,translat$ ,,void ,,9 ,,g5esis i4 #b4 ,g4 ,tohu is a gre5 l9e 7,heb4 ,qav or ,qaw7 :i* surr\nds ! entire _w1 & f :i* d>kness proce$s4 7#ae74 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,heav5s 7#af74 ,g4 ,re% ,lagi% us$ to say1 ,!re are sev5 heav5s1 nam$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,vilon 7equals ,velum1 a curta974 #b4 ,ragiang4 #c4 ,%eklagim4 #d4 ,zebul4 #e4 ,mangon4 #f4 ,makon4 #g4 ,ng>abot4 ,,satan ,,& ,,8 ,,companions ,,endeav\r+ ,,to ,,/eal ,a ,,he>+ ,,( ,,god',s ,,words4 ,g4 ,satan & 8 fell[-fall5 angels are 9 ! habit ( li/5+ f beh9d a curta9 to ! words :i* ,god speaks to ! angels 9 heav5 7#ag74 ,,iii4--,,wom5 7,,na%im7 ,?is division deals ) betro?als1 m>riage1 divorce1 & ! l4 ,"o treatise discusses v[s4 #a4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,wid[s ,,"u ,,an ,,obligation ,,to ,,und]go ,,! ,,levirite ,,m>riage 7,yebamot74 ,no4 ,i 9 ord] 7#ah74 ,m4 ,a *ildless wid[ is "u an obligation to m>ry ! elde/ unm>ri$ bro!r ( h] deceas$ husb&4 ,if t bro!r-9-law refuses to m>ry h]1 %e is all[$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! nation's lead]s to loose 8 %oe f 8 foot1 to spit 9 8 face1 & to say to him1 ,?us %all be done to ! man :o w n build up 8 bro!r's h\se4 7see ,deut4 xxii1 #i74 ,! foll[+ classes ( wom5 are releas$ f ! necessity ( m>ry+ any bro!r-9-law3 #a4 ,! illegitimate daught] ( ! bro!r4 #b4 ,h] daught]4 #c4 ,! daught] ( 8 illegitimate son4 #d4 ,8 wife's daught]4 #e4 ,h] son's daught]4 #f4 ,h] daught]'s daught]4 #g4 ,8 "m-9-law4 #h4 ,! "m ( 8 "m-9-law4 #i4 ,! "m ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 & s =?4 #b4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,v[s 7,n$>im74 ,no4 #c 9 ord]4 ,! ,scriptures ,giv5 z a ,puni%m5t = ,m5's ,s94 ,g4 ,if ! ,israelites _h n be5 guilty ( s9 !y w\ld nev] h requir$ m ,scripture ?an ! ,p5tateu* & ! ,book ( ,jo%ua4 ,! la/ is indisp5sable z x records ! way 9 :i* ! l& 0 divid$ among ! ,israelites4 ,! o!r ,scriptures 7! ,prophets & ! ,writ+7 because 9 mu* wisdom !re is grief4 7,eccles4 i1 #ah74 #c4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,betro?als 7,qidu%974 ,no4 #g 9 ord]4 ,! ,families ,:o w5t up f ,babylon to ,j]usalem4 ,m4 ,t5 k9ds ( families left ,babylon = ,pale/9e aft] ! edict ( ,cyrus w5t =? 9 ,b4,c4 #ech p]mitt+ ! nation to return4 ,^! 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,prie/s4 #b4 ,levites4 #c4 ,israelites4 #d4 ,degrad$ ,prie/s 7lit4 pr(an$ ones74 #e4 ,proselytes 7#ai74 #f4 ,fre$m54 #g4 ,ba/>ds4 #h4 ,net9im4 #i4 ,^? ( unkn[n l9eage4 #aj4 ,f\ndl+s4 ,! ?ree fir/ are all[$ to int]m>ry3 ! la/ six may also int]m>ry4 ,all ^? ^: "m is kn[n b n _! fa!r are said to be ( unkn[n l9eage4 ,a f\ndl+ is "o pick$ up 9 ! /reets ^: p>5ts are bo? unkn[n4 ,! ,evil ( ,idolatry4 ,g4 ,! wor%ip ( idols is s grave a s9 t he :o r5\nces or disav[s x does z mu* z if he confess$ 8 belief 9 ! :ole law4 ,sons ,m ,desirable ?an ,daught]s4 ,g4 ,! _w _c exi/ )\t males & females1 yet bless$ is he ^: *ildr5 are boys1 & unlucky he ^: *ildr5 are girls4 ,cf4 ,baba ,ba?ra1 p4 #aac1 col4 ,i3--,:oev] does n leave a son to be heir1 ,god w heap wra? ^u him4 ,,iv4--,,conc]n+ ,,p5alties 7,,nezik97 ,9 ?is division ! pr9cipal "p ( ! civil & crim9al c\rt ( ! ,hebrews is includ$4 ,see especially ! treatise ,sanh$r94 #a4 ,,treatise ,,call$ ,,lit4 ,*ap4 ,i1 or ,,! ,,fir/ ,,gate4 7#bj77;,heb4 ,baba ,qama47 ,damages to be made good by ^? responsible = !m4 ,m4 ,!re are f\r pr9cipal causes ( damage to life & prop]ty4 ,i4 ,! ,ox4 #b4 ,! ,uncov]$ ,pit4 #c4 ,! ,man :o sets fire to any?+4 #d4 ,! ,fire :i* />ts ( its own accord ?r\gh neglect4 ,:5ev] damage is done 9 any ( ^! f\r ways ! "o t is responsible = x mu/ make ! loss good4 ,g4 ,! ,rabbis tea* t !re are _m specific =ms ( ! above f\r k9ds ( injuries1 i4e41 ! ox c d an injury ) 8 horns1 8 tee?1 or 8 feet4 ,accid5t ?r\gh fall+ ov] a jug or b>rel4 ,m4 ,if anyone places a jug on a public road & ano!r p]son /umbles ov] x & breaks x1 ! latt] is n liable = ! breakage4 ,b if he is injur$ by ! fall1 ! own] ( ! b>rel is liable = ! damage4 ,g4 ,! ,mi%nah uses jug 9 ! fir/ clause & b>rel 9 ! second4 ,rabbi ,papa said t ! same ?+ is meant 9 bo? cases4 ,on break+ a jug full ( wat] on a public road4 ,m4 ,if a jug full ( wat] breaks on a public road & its cont5ts cause a p]son to slip1 or if 9 any way "o is injur$ by ! pieces1 he :o c>ries ! jug is liable = any injury4 ,rabbi ,jehuda1 h[ev]1 says he is only liable if he breaks x int5tionally4 #b4 ,,treatise ,,call$ ,,! ,,middle ,,*apt] 7,heb4 ,baba ,metsia74 #bnd 9 ord]4 ,g4 ,x 0 ,elijah's cu/om to frequ5t ! ,rabbi's c\ncil *amb]4 ,on "o occasion1 be+ lat] ?an usual1 ,rabbi ask$ him to expla9 8 delay4 ,elijah answ]$ z foll[s3 ,x is my bus9ess to wake up ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob "o aft] ! o!r1 to wa% ea* "o's h&1 & to wait until ea* "o has said 8 pray]s & return$ to re/4 ,b1 said ,rabbi1 :y don't !y all rise at ! same "t8 ,because1 0 ,elijah's reply1 if !y all ?ree pray$ at once1 _! unit$ pray]s w\ld precipitate ! adv5t ( ! ,messiah be=e its appo9t$ "t4 ,!n1 said ,rabbi1 h we among/ u su* pray+ p8 ,elijah said !re 71 m5tion+ ,rabbi ,khizah & 8 sons4 ,rabbi !n proclaim$ a fa/1 :i* ,rabbi ,khizah & 8 sons came to obs]ve4 ,:5 repeat+ ! #ah b5$ictions 7#ba7 !y 7 ab\t to say ,?\ re/ore/ life to ! dead :5 ! _w 0 convuls$ & x 0 ask$ 9 ,heav5 :o reveal$ to !m ! secret4 ,elijah 0 !n beat5 sixty times ) a rod ( fire4 ,he aft]w>ds came d[n l a fi]y be> & scatt]$ ! congregation4 #c4 ,,treatise ,,call$ ,,! ,,la/ ,,*apt] 7,baba ,ba?ra74 ,no4 #c 9 ord]4 ,g4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,great ,synagogue :o wrote ! ,book ( ,ezekiel1 ! ,books ( ! twelve m9or prophets1 ! ,book ( ,daniel1 & ! ,book ( ,ezra 7#bb74 #d4 ,,treatise ,,call$ ,,sanh$r94 ,,no4 #d 9 ord]4 ,x treats at l5g? ( ! in/itution ( ! municipal & prov9cial c\rts call$ ,sanh$r9 f a ,greek ^w1 & also ( ! great ,sanh$r91 or ,be?d91 at ,j]usalem4 ,jewi% ,c\rts & _! ,con/itution4 ,g4 ,! ,sanh$r9 0 compos$ ( #ga memb]s4 ,if an ,israelite _h a po9t ( law to decide1 he fir/ propos$ x to ! ,c\rt :i* met 9 8 own city4 ,if !y fail$ to decide ! matt]1 x 0 submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt ( ! next city4 ,if ! ,ju/ices ( ! imm$iate di/rict fail$ to come to a decision1 ! case 0 laid be=e ! ,c\rt :i* met at ! entrance ( ! ,temple area4 ,9 ! ev5t ( _! fail+ to decide1 !y appeal$ to ! ,c\rt :i* met at ! entrance to ! ante-c\rt4 ,failure 9 ?is ,c\rt 0 foll[$ by an appeal to ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( #ga1 :]e ! matt] 0 f9ally dispos$ ( by a majority ( votes4 ,! ,sanh$r9 sat 9 a semicircle 9 ord] t ! memb]s might be able to see "o ano!r4 ,!re 7 two not>ies1 "o on ! "r & ! o!r on ! left1 to c\nt ! ,ayes & ,noes 9 all cases ( vot+4 ,! au?or%ip ( ! ,,book ,,( ,,ezra4 ,g4 ,! ,book ( ,ezra 0 writt5 by ,nehemiah4 ,he does n atta* 8 "n to x because he gave too mu* att5tion to 8 own m]its1 z x is writt5 7,neh4 v1 #ai7 ,?9k ^u me1 my ,god1 = good1 accord+ to all t ,i h done = my p4 #e4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,idolatry 7,aboda ,z>a74 ,no4 #h 9 ord]4 ,m4 ,x is =bidd5 to h any deal+s ) non-,jews = ?ree days be=e !y hold _! unholy fe/ivals 7#bc74 ,"o mu/ n l5d !m any money1 = t c\ld be useful to !m 9 prep>+ = ! fe/ival4 ,nor mu/ "o borr[ f !m1 = !y w\ld ga9 !reby & be m able1 out ( ! int]e/1 to meet ! exp5ses ( _! com+ fea/s4 ,simil>ly1 "o mu/ n pay !m any money1 ev5 ?\gh due1 nor 9 return mu/ paym5t be receiv$4 ,rabbi ,jehuda1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9s t paym5t %\ld be all[$ because t is a displeasure & a disadvantage to ^? :o pay4 ,m4 ,:5 !re is an idol 9 ! city "o may g to t city1 provid+ t ! road does n lead to ! idol alone4 ,jews are n all[$ to sell to non-,jews any ( ! foll[+ ?+s1 because !y c be us$ = purposes ( hea!n wor%ip3--,fir cones1 :ite figs1 or _! /ems1 frank9c5se1 & a :ite cock4 ,a :ite cock may1 h[ev]1 be sold if "o ( its claws has be5 cut (f1 s9ce non-,jews d n sacrifice an animal :5 an organ is lack+4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,ya%> 7see #bnd ,sam4 i1 #ah74 ,g4 ,:at is meant by ! ,book ( ,ya%>8 ,rabbi ,khyiah b> ,abba on ! au?ority ( ,rabbi ,jokhanan says ,x is ! book ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 !y be+ call$ righte\s 7ye%>im71 & conc]n+ :om x is writt51 ,numb1 xxiii1 #aj1 ',let me die ! dea? ( ! righte\s' 7ye%>im74 #f4 ,,treatise ,,call$ ,,s5t5ces ,,( ,,! ,,fa!rs 7,heb4 ,pirga ,abot74 ,no4 #i 9 ord]4 ,?is treatise1 on :i* no ,gem>a has be5 h&$ d[n1 conta9s moral precepts1 aphorisms1 & s =?1 ( ! eld] ,tanna94 ,x has be5 (t5 translat$1 an excell5t r5d]+ by ! late ,dr4 ,*>les ,taylor hav+ be5 publi%$ by ! ,cambridge ,press4 ,! ,two ,tables ( ! ,law4 ,m4 ,! two ,tables ( ! ,law1 h&$ to ,moses on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 7 creat$1 along ) n9e o!r ?+s1 at ! "t :5 ! _w 0 made1 & at sunset1 be=e ! fir/ ,sabba? began4 ,v4--,,sacr$ ,,?+s1 ,,sacrifices1 ,,measurem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,temple1 ,,etc4 #a4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,measurem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,temple 7,middot74 #aj? 9 ord]4 ,ext5t ( ! ,temple ,area4 ,m4 ,! ,temple ,m\nt 0 #ejj cubits squ>e4 ,! space 0 l>ge/ on ! s\?1 next l>ge/ on ! ea/1 ! ?ird l>ge/ be+ on ! nor?1 & ! lea/1 we/w>d4 ,all :o ent]$ ?is area did s on ! s\? side1 go+ r\nd & pass+ on to ! left4 ,,vi4--,,legal ,,purifications1 ,,laws ,,( ,,clean ,,& ,,unclean1 ,,etc4 7,,teh>ot7 #a4 ,,treatise ,,on ,,pres]v+ ,,! ,,h&s ,,f ,,c]emonial ,,uncleanness4 7,jadaim74 ,! ,aramaic passages 9 ,ezra & ,daniel make ! h&s unclean 7#be74 ,b ,aramaic writt5 9 ,hebrew *>act]s & ,hebrew writt5 9 ,aramaic 7,syriac7 *>act]s1 or 9 ! primitive ,hebrew *>act]s 7mu* l ! ,pho5ician7 d n make ! h&s unclean4 ,scriptures1 ?\gh ! matt] is ! same1 nev] make ! h&s unclean unless ! *>act]s or lett]s1 9 :i* !y are writt51 are ! squ>e ,assyrian lett]s introduc$ by ,ezra1 ! second ,moses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,zoroa/rianism ,,z5d ,,ave/a ,zoroa/rianism1 or1 m correctly1 ,z>a?u/raism1 is d]iv$ f ,zoroa/]1 or1 m /rictly1 ,z>a?u/ra1 ! f\nd] ( ! religion4 ,mod]n s*ol>%ip incl9es to ! belief t ?is great religi\s lead] 0 born 9 ,we/ ,m$ia ab\t ,b4,c4 #fjj1 & c>ri$ on 8 great "w 9 ,bactria4 ,! religion ) :i* 8 "n is connect$ is really a re=m$ & spiritualis$ k9d ( t ,magism :i* prevail$ 9 ,m$ia & contigu\s c\ntries4 ,! prie/s1 :o are call$ ,a?>vans1 fire-prie/s1 9 ! ,ave/a 7comp>e ! same "n 9 ,h9duism1 ! ,a?>van ,v$a1 etc47 are id5tical ) ! ,magi1 prie/s ( ! religion :i* ,z>a?u/ra 7,zoroa/]7 f\nd 9 8 orig9al & adopt$ home4 ,accord+ to "s1 ! f\nd] ( ,z>a?u/rianism liv$ at a v mu* e>li] "t1 & !re are great s*ol>s 7,tiele1 ,d>me/et]1 ,ed\>d ,mey]7 :o :olly d5y ! hi/oricity ( su* a "*4 ,no d\bt1 9 lat] ye>s1 !re ga!r$ ar\nd ,z>a?u/ra an imm5se numb] ( fictiti\s & silly leg5ds1 z 0 ! case ) ,buddha1 ,jesus1 & ev5 ,muhammad2 b t ea* "o ( ^! religi\s tea*]s liv$ & wr\ght is beyond ! rea* ( reasonable d\bt4 ,,introductory ,?is is ! ,bible ( ! ,z>a?u/rians & ( _! mod]n repres5tatives1 ! ,p>sees1 :o fl\ri% = ! mo/ "p 9 ,bombay4 ,! title ,z5d ,ave/a is an anomaly1 = ,z5d is n ! "n ( a language at all1 b means comm5t>y1 ! ^w ,ave/a connot+ ! orig9al text on :i* ! comm5t>y is writt54 ,! orig9al title d5otes ,ave/a & ,z5d1 :i* is a correct description1 = :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,z5d ,ave/a is really a comb9ation ( text 7,ave/a7 & comm5t>y 7,z5d71 j z ! ,jewi% ,talmud is a comb9ation ( ,mi%nah 7text7 & ,gem>a 7comm5t>y1 or1 lit]ally1 completion74 ,! ^w ,ave/a d5otes 7p]haps lit]ally7 k1 be+ cognate ) ! ,sanscrit ^w ,v$a4 ,b ,a4,v4,w4 ,jackson d]ives x f a =m ,upa/a1 d5ot+ ! orig9al text4 ,d>me/et] makes ! ^w ,old ,p]sian1 d5ot+ law4 ,! exi/+ ,ave/a is m l a pray] book ?an a ,bible1 = x is z a liturgical "w t x took on its pres5t =m1 & z su* t x is n[ g5]ally us$1 ?\gh ! "p call$ ,v5didad includes a l>ge numb] ( laws = religi\s c]emonies & ! l4 ,:at is kn[n to mod]n s*ol>s z ! ,ave/a is1 h[ev]1 only a portion ( ! orig9al "w1 ! latt] hav+ be5 l>gely lo/ ?r\gh ! conque/s ov] ,p]sia ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 & especially ow+ to ! m ?or\gh subjugation ( ! ,sassanid ,p]sians by ! ,muslims 9 ,a4,d4 #fcb4 ,! latt] 7 mu* m bigot$ & uncompromis+ 9 _! treatm5t ( o!r religions & _! lit]atures ?an 7 ,alex&] ! ,great & 8 successors4 ,! orig9al ,ave/a1 z describ$ 9 ,pahlavi text :i* h come d[n to u1 conta9 tw5ty-"o ,nasks or books4 ,^! exi/$1 9 a m or less incomplete /ate1 d[n to ! n9? c5tury ( our era1 to :i* c5tury ! ,pahlavi "w ,d9d>d belongs4 ,! ,ave/a :i* exi/s to-day may be divid$ ?us3-- ,i4 ,! /rictly canonical p>ts1 includ+ ! foll[+1 :i* w be m fully describ$ 9 connection ) ! summ>ies4 #a4 ,yasnas1 includ+ ! ,ga?as4 #b4 ,visp]$s4 #c4 ,v5didads4 ,,ii4 ,! ,apocryphal ,ave/a usually call$ ! ,khorda ,ave/a1 or ! %ort ,ave/a4 ,?is is mu* less e/eem$ ?an ! ,ave/a prop]4 ,x comprises1 #a4 ,ya%ts 7invocation74 #b4 ,m9or ,pray]s4 ,! language ( ! ,ave/a c be correctly describ$ only z ,ave/an1 = no o!r lit]ature 9 ! same language exi/s4 ,x resembles ! ,pahlavi1 or ,anci5t ,p]sian1 b x is id5tical ) no language4 ,! ,z5d1 or comm5t>y1 is writt5 9 ! ,pahlavi language4 ,! pres5t writ] wi%es to express 8 obligation to ! translation ( ! ,ave/a by ,spiegel 79 ,g]man72 ,hang 9 8 ,essays on ,sacr$ ,language1 ,writ+1 & ,religion ( ! ,p>sees 2 & also to ^? by ,d>me/et] & ,l4,h4 ,mills 9 ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 volumes iv1 xxiii1 xxxiii4 ,on ! "q :e!r or n ! ,a*aem5ian k+s ( ,p]sia1 ,cyrus ,i41 & s =?1 7 ,z>a?u/rians1 see ,c5tury ,bible1--,ezra--,nehemiah--,e/h]4 ,i4--,,yasnas1 ,,or ,,sacrificial ,,pray]s ,,& ,,songs ,?is section ( ! ,ave/a con/itutes ! pr9cipal liturgical text-book ( ! great ,yasna c]emony1 :i* is made up *iefly ( ! prep>ation & (f]+ ( ! ,p>ahoma 7! juice ( ! homa or soma plant mix$ ) milk & aromatic +r$i5ts74 ,!re are sev5ty-two *apt]s 9 ! ,yasnas1 ?\gh !y conta9 a good numb] ( repetitions4 ,x is 9 ?is ma9 "p ( ! ,ave/a t ! five metrical ,ga?as are to be f\nd1 ^! be+ ! olde/ & by f> ! mo/ important ( ! ,ave/a4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,proclamation ,,( ,,salvation4 ,i 7,z>a?u/ra7 make kn[n to ,ahura-,mazda ! ,great ,god1 t ,i am ab\t to (f] him my pray]s & sacrifices4 7,yasnas47 ,he is ! greate/ & be/1 ! mo/ p[]ful & wise4 ,i pay homage1 also1 to ! b\ntiful immortals 7! ,am5%a-,sp5tas71 ! gu>dians ( ! _w4 ,& to ! body ( ! sacr$ c[ & its s\l2 7i7 to ,ahura 7,jupit]71 ,mi?ra ! sun1 to ! /> ,sirius2 & to ! ,frava%is 7gu>dian angels ( ! sa9ts74 ,if ,i h (f5d$ !e1 oh ?\ greate/ "o1 ,ahura-,mazda1 or if ,i h dim9i%$ ought ( ! sacrifices 7,yasnas7 due to !e1 =give me1 ,o =give me1 ?\ un]r+ "o4 ,i decl>e myself to be a ,mazdai/1 a ,z>a?u/rian1 a sworn foe to ! ,daevas 7#b7 & a wor%ipp] ( ,ahura-,mazda4 ,,*apt] #d4 ,we pres5t z (f]+s1 pure ?\ghts1 k9d words1 b5efic5t works1 ! ,homa 7,soma7 fle%-(f]+s1 zao?ras 7#c71 ! holy v]esma 7#d71 suitable pray]s1 ,ga?a hymns1 & ma?ra 7! ,v$ic mantra7 sacr$ songs--^! all we pres5t z sacrifices to ,ahura-,mazda1 ! holy ,sro% 7#e71 to ! b\ntiful immortals1 to ! ,frava%is1 & s\ls ( ! pure1 & also to ! sacr$ fire ( ,ahura-,mazda4 ,,*apt] #h4 ,i (f] to !e1 ,o ,ahura-,mazda1 sacrifices ( all k9ds4 ,maye/ ?\1 ,o all-p[]ful1 all-wise "o1 rule ov] ?y creatures1 ov] all wat]s & trees1 all empires & dom9ions1 caus+ f]tility1 happ9ess1 & univ]sal ju/ice to ab\nd 9 ! _w4 ,9 all conflicts betwe5 light & d>kness1 betwe5 ! good & ! bad1 let ! "r prevail1 ,o ?\ k+ ( righte\sness4 ,i1 ,z>a?u/ra1 urge heads ( families1 *iefs ( clans1 & rul]s ( /ates1 to foll[ ! true religion1 t reveal$ by ,ahura-,mazda & proclaim$ by 8 prophet ,z>a?u/ra4 ,,*apt]s #i ,,& #aj4 ,9 "s manuscripts ^! *apt]s are designat$ ,homa-,ya%ts1 because !y celebrate ! praises ( ,homa & h ! =m ( ,ya%ts4 ,9 ^! *apt]s ,homa is p]sonifi$1 z1 also1 9 ! ,v$as1 is ! ,sanscrit ,soma4 ,9 ! p]iod be=e ! sep>ation ( ! ,iranians & ,indians ! wor%ip ( ! ,homa plant 7! god ( inspiration1 etc47 bulk$ l>gely4 ,x di$ out1 h[ev]1 among ! ,iranians at an e>ly p]iod1 p]haps ow+ to its preval5ce among _! ,indian rivals1 :o trac$ to x t v c\rage ) :i* !y cont5d$ aga9/ ! ,iranians4 ,! pres5t *apt]s belong to ! p]iod ( ! revival ( ! ,homa cult among ! ,mazdai/s or ,z>a?u/rians4 ,?is comp>atively late date is confirm$ by ! vocabul>y & /yle ( ! *apt]s4 ,:5 ,z>a?u/ra 0 engag$ 9 s++ ! ,da?as & att5d+ ! sacr$ fire1 ,homa appe>$ be=e him 9 respl5d5tly sup]natural guise & expla9$ ,i am ,homa1 :om ?\ %\ld/ wor%ip z ! sages & prophets ( old h done4 ,tell me1 repli$ ,z>a?u/ra1 :o 0 x t fir/ wor%ipp$ !e by extract+ ?y juice f ! plant8 ,! fir/1 said ,homa1 0 ,vivan-,ghvant ^: rew>d 0 ! bir? ( 8 augu/ & r5[n$ son1 ,yima1 7#f7 ! k+1 9 ^: reign !re 0 nei!r dea?1 nor scor*+ heat1 nor b5umb+ cold1 b :5 fulness ( life1 p]fection ( happ9ess1 & unfail+ ju/ice prevail$4 ,! second to wor%ip me1 said ,homa1 0 ,a?wya1 ! bless$ "o1 & to him z a rew>d 0 born ,?raetaona1 :o slew ! ?ree-m\!d1 ?ree-tail$1 six-ey$1 ?\s&-scal$ dragon t wr\ght su* dire havoc 9 ! _w4 ,! ?ird to wor%ip me 0 ,?rita1 to :om1 9 recomp5se1 7 born two sons ( illu/ri\s "n1 "o great z rul] ( m51 & ! o!r a brave w>rior :o slew ! man-&-horse-swall[+ dragon4 ,! f\r? 0 ?9e own di/+ui%$ fa!r1 ,p\ru%a%a1 & ! rew>d t he receiv$ 0 to h !e1 ,o great prophet ( m51 = 8 son4 ,on he>+ :i* ,z>a?u/ra imm$iately set ab\t walk+ ar\nd ! sacr$ fire s++ lu/ily ! praises ( ! god ,homa1 :om 8 fa!r _h wor%ipp$4 ,x is ,homa1 sang ! prophet1 t gives m5 k ( ?+s new & old4 ,ev5 m5 buri$ "u a weight ( book-lore receive f him inspiration & p]ception ( tru? t no books c imp>t4 ,x is ,homa t gives k9d & weal?y husb&s to unw$ maid5s2 t fills ! sky ) cl\ds & refre%es ! gr\nd ) life-giv+ %[]s1 caus+ ! plants to gr[ on ! l(ty m\nta9s on ^: br[ ?9e own sacr$ plant 7asclepias7 fl\ri%es4 ,,*apt] #ab4 ,pr(ession ( fai? on ! "p ( ! new conv]t1 utt]$ by ! anci5t ,iranians on _! giv+ up ! wor%ip ( ,daevas & ! nomad life1 & on _! be+ receiv$ into ! religi\s community e/abli%$ by ,z>a?u/ra4 ,n[ cease ,i to be a ,daeva wor%ipp] & make pr(ession ( ! religion ( ,ahura-,mazda1 proclaim$ by ,z>a?u/ra4 ,i ascribe all good ?+s ev]y:]e to ,ahura-,mazda1 ! true1 %9+ & holy "o4 ,i w nev] m mole/ ,mazdai/s4 ,i w =sake ! ,daevas1 ! false & wick$ orig9ators ( all ! mis*ief 9 ! univ]se4 ,i =sake also all ,daeva l be+s1 wit*es1 wiz>ds1 & ! l4 ,i belong to ! ,mazdai/ religion1 & w support x to my dy+ day4 ,!re is no joy ( virtue b has come f ,ahura-,mazda4 ,,*apt] #ai4 ,! importance & value ( ! ,ahuna-,vairya pray]1 said ,z>a?u/ra to ,ahura-,mazda ,o holie/ & be/ ( be+s1 :at words taughte/ ?\ me be=e ! _w 01 or human life began its hi/ory8 ,x 01 respond$ ! supreme be+1 ! ,ahuna-,vairya pray]4 ,:oev]1 ,o ,z>a?u/ra1 recites ?is pray] or intones x1 or ev5 :isp]s x "u 8 brea?1 ,i w c>ry him safely across ! bridge :i* leads to p>adise4 ,b :oev] cuts ?is pray] %ort by a half1 a ?ird1 a f\r?1 or by any quantity1 8 s\l %all ,i keep out ( p>adise & x %all w&] 9 sorr[ = ev]4 ,,*apt] #bb4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,frava%is 7,,gu>dian ,,angels ,,( ,,! ,,sa9ts74 ,i w praise ! ,frava%is1 :o h exi/$ f "t immemorial4 ,^? ( ! h\ses1 villages1 & prov9ces1 :o pres]ve ord] 9 ! heav5s above1 on ! e>?1 & 9 ! wat]s4 ,i praise ! ,frava%is ( ,ahura-,mazda1 ! ,frava%is ( ! b\ntiful immortals1 & ^? ( ,z>a?u/ra & ( ! ,holy ,c\nsellors4 ,all good ,yazads 7#g7 des]ve homage & sacrifice4 ,,*apt] #ce4 ,,ahura-,,mazda ,,& ,,! ,,immortals ,,ador$ ,,& ,,supplicat$4 ,we adore !e1 ,o ?\ great ,god1 ,ahura-,mazda1 & also ! b\ntiful immortals4 ,we laud all good ?\ghts & words & de$s t h be51 are1 or w be4 ,x is our duty to live ! good life1 = t is be/ = bo? worlds4 ,?9e1 ,o l(ty _s1 is ! k+dom1 ?9e ! p[]1 & ?9e ! glory4 ,?y righte\s rule surpasses e o!r rule2 ?y praise all o!r praise2 ?y hymns are ! l(tie/ & be/4 ,,*apt] #eg4 ,,9 ,,hon\r ,,( ,,sro%4 ,we pay homage to !e1 ,sro%1 ! ob$i5t & bless$ "o1 ! fir/ ( creatures to wor%ip ,ahura-,mazda1 ! ,creator4 ,?\ did/ also wor%ip ! b\ntiful immortals1 & wa/ ! fir/ to br&i% ! v]esma & to s+ ! ,ga?as4 ,?\ did/ slay ! all-de/roy+ demon1 & ?\ protecte/ ! _w & its d5iz5s4 ,?\ sleepe/ n1 nor slumb]e/ day or night4 ,?\ tea*e/ m5 ! true religion--t ( ,ahura-,mazda4 ,,! ,,five ,,ga?as ,ga?a means song1 & is ! same ^w z ! ,sanscrit ,gita 7,cf4 p4 #fa ,bhagavad-,gita74 ,^! five ga?as include yasnas #bh-cd1 #dc-df1 #dg-ej1 & #ea-ec4 ,9 metre1 vocabul>y1 & matt]1 ! ga?as prove !mselves to be ! olde/ "p ( ! ,ave/a4 ,! doctr9es taught are likewise pur] & m rational4 ,note ! foll[+3--,i4 ,!re is "o supreme good deity1 ,ahura-,mazda1 ! conception ( :om is s l(ty t1 9 ord] to save 8 "*1 a _s ( evil 7,ahriman7 has be5 inv5t$4 ,to ! supreme good _s are ascrib$ six attributes :i* are (t5 p]sonifi$4 ,9 ! lat] p>ts ( ! ,ave/a ^! attributes are made indep5d5t p]sons 7! b\ntiful immortals1 or ! ,ame%a ,sp5tas74 ,b 9 ! ,ga?as !y =m ) ,ahura-,mazda a unity mu* resembl+ ! ,sabellian tr9ity4 #b4 ,! doctr9e ( rew>d & puni%m5t t is taught 9 ! ,ga?as is subjective1 i4e41 x makes a man's rew>d & puni%m5t consi/ 9 *ange ( "*1 disposition1 etc4 ,x is a /range co9cid5ce t ! highe/ =m ( ,indian & ,iranian belief is to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ lit]ature ( ^! religions1 i4e41 ! ,v$as & ! ,ga?as4 ,?is does n agree ) ! op9ion t mo/ prevails1 t 9 religions !re is ev] progress f l[] to high] =ms4 ,9 ^! ,ga?as !re is a unity ( ?\ght & feel+ sugge/+ /rongly unity ( au?or%ip4 ,!re is g5]al agreem5t t ! "o au?or to :om at lea/ ! great bulk ( ! ,ga?as is due is ,z>a?u/ra himself4 ,ro?1 ,l4,h4 ,mills1 & o!r s*ol>s date ! ,ga?as z !y w\ld ! ,v$as1 some:]e betwe5 ,b4,c4 #abjj & #aejj1 & !y !re=e fix ^u ! same date = ! "w ( ,z>a?u/ra himself4 ,o!r ,ave/an s*ol>s 7,a4,v4,w4 ,jackson1 etc47 fix ! date ( ,z>a?u/ra's life1 & !re=e ( ! ,ga?as1 "s "t ne> ,b4,c4 #fjj4 ,if ! latt] op9ion is held1 x is probable t ! sub/ance ( ! ,ga?as is mu* old] ?an ! =m :i* !y take 9 ! ,ave/a4 ,,ga?a ,i1 ,yasnas #bh-cd1 #bi1 :i* is e>li] ?an #bh4 ,,! ,,call ,,( ,,z>a?u/ra4 ,! afflict$ p cry out al\d to !e1 ,o ,ahura-,mazda1 & also to ! ,a%a1 ! au?or ( ! div9e ord]4 ,:y 7 we made to be expos$ to ! attacks ( suff]+ & ( s98 ,! div9e "o ask$ ,a%a ,ha/ ?\ appo9t$ a gu>dian ov] ?is p to def5d !m f evil8 ,said ,a%a3 ,!re is no man 9 ?is _w t has to be> 8 lot ( suff]+ & to resi/ moral adv]s>ies1 b ! great ,creator kn[s all ab\t 8 life1 & dem&s f him all t he is capable (4 ,no man c *oose anyone :o is able to secure ju/ice & happ9ess 9 ! _w4 ,b ,i1 said ,ahura-,mazda1 h *os5 "o = ?is great task1 x is ,z>a?u/ra1 ! prophet & prie/4 ,on he>+ ( 8 div9e appo9tm5t1 ,z>a?u/ra pray$ to 8 god1 say+1 ,d ?\1 ,o all-wise "o1 aid me1 direct+ my ?\ghts1 *oos+ = me my words1 & guid+ my /eps1 = )\t !e ,i c d no?+4 #bh4 ,,z>a?u/ra',s ,,pray] ,,= ,,help4 ,tea* me1 ,o l(tie/ "o1 ?y ways1 & enc\rage me by ?y promises to obs]ve ?y c]emonies4 ,:5 %all ,i become acqua9t$ ) ?9e own pure m9d1 & "k :at is truly good8 ,:5 %all ,i realise !e 9 my own s\l1 & h fell[%ip ) !e )\t ! m$iation ( man or angels8 ,i d n ask = ri*es1 or booty1 or worldly prosp]ity1 b = righte\sness4 ,,gratitude ,,= ,,bless+s ,,already ,,receiv$4 ,?\ ha/ grant$ my reque/s1 & giv5 me ! boon :i* ,i ask$ =4 ,may ,i nev] (f5d !e1 nor be ungrateful6 ,supply my lot ) :at ?\ kn[e/ to be be/1 & n ) :at ,i desire4 ,make ?\ cle> to me ! laws :i* gov]n ?y k+dom1 t ,i may be a safe guide to o!rs4 #cj4 ,,! ,,cre$ ,,:i* ,,z>a?u/ra ,,is ,,to ,,prea*4 ,i ann\nce to all :o desire to "k1 ! true doctr9e ab\t ! ,creation4 ,let all t li/5 give he$ & %ape _! ways accord+ to ?is tea*+3--,!re 7 at ! beg9n+ two spirits & no?+ m--a bett] pr9ciple & a worse4 ,?is pair exi/$ indep5d5tly ea* ( ! o!r4 ,! good _s 7,ahura-,mazda7 made all t he creat$ p]fect & j1 l himself1 b ! evil _s 7,ahriman7 creat$ ?+s t 7 evil4 ,:y h ! ,daevas-wor%ipp]s p]v]t$ ! tru? & gone a/ray f ! "r pa?8 ,because ! creator ( evil has tak5 possession ( !m4 ,all su* z make _! ?\ghts1 words1 & de$s con=m to ! w ( ! good _s h an et]nal rew>d1 & _! salvation has already begun4 ,b su* z yield to ! evil impulses prompt$ by ,ahriman %all abide et]nally 9 woe & mis]y4 #ca4 ,,! ,,two ,,p>ties4 ,_m !re are :o hiss at ?is tea*+ ( m9e1 & w h none ( x1 b ! p ( ,ahura give he$ !reto4 ,o supreme _s ( good1 grant me by ! sacr$ fire & ! holy ritual "s sign t w conv9ce & conv]t m51 s t all may be br\ght to !e & be made to ab&on _! ,daevas4 ,o ye b\ntiful immortals1 w ye give me prophetic k t ,i may lead m5 aside f ! error ( _! ways2 :at puni%m5t %all be 8 :o /rives to set up 9 our mid/ a k+ belong+ to ! ,daeva p>ty8 ,,ga?a #b4 #dc-df4 ,?is "p ( ! ,ave/a gives a full] & correct] view ( ! "w & tea*+ ( ,z>a?u/ra ?an any o!r4 #dc4 ,! ,!ophany ( ,ahura-,mazda to ,z>a?u/ra4 ,i saw ,ahura-,mazda on high & he made kn[n to me 8 tru?1 t ,i may tell x to m54 #dd4 ,a ,,pray] ,,= ,,k4 ,speak ?\ truly to me1 ,o ,ahura-,mazda1 & n falsely z ! ,daevas d to _! wor%ipp]s4 ,h[ came ?is pres5t _w to be1 & to be support$1 if n ?r\gh !e8 ,:o made ! sun & moon & />s1 & ! wat]s & ! w9ds & ! trees1 :o1 if n ?\8 ,reveal ?\ to me1 ,o great "o1 ! inn] tru? ( ?+s4 ,o ye cr[ds ( m51 :5 w ye call evil1 evil1 & good1 good1 in/ead ( ! contr>y8 ,h ! ,daevas ev] suppli$ good rul]s8 ,,ii4--,,visp]$s ,! ^w ,visp]$ means all ! lords1 & ?is section is s call$ because x conta9s invocations to all ! lords or gods4 ,x consi/s almo/ entirely ( extracts f o!r p>ts ( ! ,ave/a1 especially f ! ,yasnas4 ,:at is n f\nd else:]e has no special value & ne$ n be summ>is$4 ,,iii4--,,v5didads 7,,lit4 ,,laws ,,aga9/ ,,demons7 ,?is is n /rictly a liturgical "w1 b a prie/ly code describ+ ! v>i\s purifications1 p5alties & expiations by :i* faults ( v>i\s k9ds are aton$ =1 or _! consequ5ces annull$4 ,! exi/+ ,v5didads agree almo/ exactly ) ,nask 7#ai7 ( ! orig9al ,ave/a1 ! only "p ( ! ,ave/a 9 :i* "o ( ! ,nasks has be5 completely pres]v$4 ,! ,v5didads are divid$ into tw5ty-two ,f>gads1 or sections4 ,,f>gad #c4 ,,! ,,sanctity ,,( ,,agriculture4 ,! e>? %\ld be cultivat$1 #a4 t x may br+ =? food = man & bea/1 #b4 because x promotes human piety4 ,h[ is x1 ,o great creator1 asks ,z>a?u/ra1 t religion is to be spread8 ,by cultivat+ b>ley1 0 ! answ]1 = he :o cultivates b>ley1 cultivates purity4 ,:5 b>ley is ?re%$ or gr\nd1 & :5 fl\r is produc$1 devils :i/le1 :9e1 & wa/e away1 kn[+ full well t man's idl5ess is _! only opportunity4 7,cf4 comp>e ,dr4 ,watts' l9e ,satan f9ds "s mis*ief /ill1 = idle h&s to d47 ,,f>gad #d4 ,,civil ,,& ,,crim9al ,,law4 ,:oev] refuses to re/ore prop]ty to "o to :om he kn[s x belongs by "r1 is a ?ief4 ,e day & night t he keeps ?is prop]ty he is guilty ( !ft4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( prop]ty are !re8 ask$ ,z>a?u/ra4 ,^! six1 0 ! answ]4 #a4 ,t made by m]e words4 #b4 ,t made by /rik+ h&s4 #c4 ,t made by deposit+ a %eep z security4 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,^? cases 9 :i* ! security is respectively an ox1 a man's value1 & ! value ( a full field4 ,!n !re foll[ details ( p5alties = violat+ ^! sev]al contracts3--e4g41 = break+ ! fir/--#cjj /ripes ( ! rod1 & s =?4 ,,f>gads #e-ah1 give ! laws = ! treatm5t ( dead bodies4 ,! two det]m9+ pr9ciples are--#a4 ,t a dead body is impure4 #b4 ,! elem5ts e>?1 fire1 & wat]1 are absolutely pure & sacr$4 ,bodies are n1 !re=e1 to be buri$1 or !y w\ld pollute ! e>?2 nor are !y to be burnt1 or !y w\ld pollute fire1 nor ?r[n into wat] ( any k9d4 ,!y mu/ be c>ri$ up to a l(ty m\nta91 plac$ on /ones1 or iron plates1 & expos$ to dogs & vultures4 ,impurity f contact ) a dead body1 etc41 is remov$ by pure wat] 7,cf4 ! wat] ( baptism74 ,!n !re foll[ laws prescrib+ ! c\nt]-*>ms to be us$ aga9/ evil spirits2 ! me?ods by :i* ! sacr$ fire mu/ be made & us$1 & s =?4 ,,f>gad #ai1 treats ( ! fate ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,! ,aprocryphal or ,khorda ,ave/a ,! ,ya%ts resemble closely ! pray]s ( ! ,yasnas & ! ,visp]$s1 diff]+ only 9 ?is1 t ea* "o ( ! tw5ty-f\r extant is devot$ to ! traits ( a s+le deity1 or at lea/ ( "o class ( div9e be+s 7! b\ntiful immortals1 & s =?74 ,! usual ^w 9 ! ,ya%ts = ! sup]human be+s at re/ is ,yazads4 ,,ya%t ,i4 ,! names ( ,ahura-,mazda & _! efficacy4 ,ask$ ,z>a?u/ra1 ,:at1 ,o ,mo/ ,high1 are ! mo/ effective c\nt]-*>ms 7mantras7 aga9/ evil spirits8 ,he receiv$ = answ] t ! pronunciation ( ! tw5ty diff]5t names ( ,ahura-,mazda are ! be/ & /ronge/ spells4 ,^! are ! foll[+3--#a4 ,! ,reveal]4 #b4 ,! ,h]d-giv]1 etc41 etc4 ,! tw5tie? & la/ is ,mazda1 ! ,all-kn[+ ,"o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,philosophy 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ari/otle ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,ari/otle ,ari/otle 0 born at ,/agira1 a ,greek colony on ! ,mac$onian fronti]1 9 #chd ,b4,c41 :5 ,plato 0 =ty-?ree1 fifte5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,socrates4 ,go+ to ,a!ns1 he became "o ( ,plato's pupils 9 philosophy at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,9 #cdb he became tutor to ! future ,alex&] ! ,great1 & "s ye>s lat] op5$1 aga9 at ,a!ns1 8 own s*ool1 ^: disciples 7 call$ ! ,p]ipatetics4 ,he di$ 9 #cbb ,b4,c4 ,8 works laid ! sy/ematic f\ndations ( e sci5ce kn[n 9 8 "t4 ,8 v>i\s treatises on logic 7 compris$ 9 ! ,organon2 he dealt ) psy*ology & metaphysics2 ) rhetoric & ! pr9ciples ( lit]>y criticism4 ,he also sy/ematis$ ! natural sci5ces2 & ! two works "h giv51 ! ,e?ics & ,politics1 h pr(\ndly influ5c$ e?ical & political ?\ght f 8 own day to ours4 ,9 p>ticul>1 8 classification ( ! virtues1 & 8 doctr9e t virtue lies 9 a mean1 h dom9at$ a va/ am\nt ( moral speculation4 ,! treatises z we "k !m are s crabb$ & cond5s$ 9 /yle z to give ! impression t !y are to a l>ge ext5t n ! f9i%$ works1 b notes & summ>ies4 ,i4--,,! ,,end ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,virtue ,e art & sci5ce1 e action1 has = its end "s good1 :e!r ?is be a =m ( activity or an actual product4 ,! ends ( m9or arts are only means to ! ends ( sup]ior arts4 ,if !re is "o supreme end1 ?is is ,! ,good1 inquiry into :i* belongs to ! supreme ,social ,sci5ce = :i* ! ,greek t]m is ,politics4 ,! "n giv5 to ?is supreme good1 ! atta9m5t ( :i* is ! object ( ,politics1 is ,happ9ess1 good liv+1 or welf>e4 ,b ,happ9ess itself is v>i\sly def9$2 "s id5tify x ) ,pleasure1 o!rs ) ,hon\r--! fir/ a degrad+1 & ! second an inadequate view4 ,platoni/s f9d x 9 an ab/ract ,idea ( ,good1 a ,univ]sal :i* precludes p>ticul>s4 ,!re is a great deal to be said aga9/ ?is doctr9e1 ev5 z a "q ( logic or metaphysic2 b ap>t f t1 ! !ory is out ( c\rt1 = ! all suffici5t reason t its practical value is nil--k ( ! great ,univ]sal ,good 9 ! ab/ract is ( no practical use :atev] 9 ev]yday life1 :i* is a fundam5tal po9t = u4 ,if1 !n1 !re is a supreme dom9at+ ,good to be aim$ at1 :at are ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics x mu/ display8 ,! ,good ( all ,goods1 ! ,be/1 mu/ be complete 9 itself1 a consummation4 ,:atsoev] is a means to "s end beyond fails s f> ( complet5ess2 :5 we say t our end mu/ be complete1 x foll[s t x mu/ always be an end1 nev] a means4 ,x is n m]ely "o among/ o!rs ( :i* x is ! be/1 b ! "o 9 :i* all ! o!rs are summ$ up4 ,x is ( itself q suffici5t = ! individual1 & t n m]ely 9 isolation1 b z a memb] ( society--:i* x is 8 nature to be4 ,let u !n def9e ,happ9ess z ,man's ,"w--! p]=mance ( 8 function z man4 ,ev]y?+ has "s specific function1 ! p]=mance ( :i* is its ,good1 & man1 too1 mu/ h a specific function4 ,n[1 ?is _c be ! k9d ( life :i* he %>es ) ! vegetable or ) ! brute creation1 !re=e x mu/ be ! active life ( 8 di/9ctive--i4q41 8 rational--"p1 ex]cis$ 9 accordance ) ! virtue or virtues :i* p]fect x1 & 9 8 life z a :ole1 n m]ely at mom5ts4 ,te/+ our conclusions by ! judgm5ts ( common exp]i5ce1 we ga!r support f !m4 ,goods ext]nal1 & goods ( ! body1 are reckon$ inf]ior to goods ( ! s\l1 :i* is recognis$ z ! seat ( activities4 ,! id5tification ( happ9ess ) virtue1 h[ev]1 necessitates ! di/9ction betwe5 active virtue & virtu\sness4 ,z conduc+ to active virtue1 ! o!r k9ds ( goods are elem5ts 9 happ9ess4 ,we mu/ assume x to be n some?+ grant$ to u1 outside our own control1 b atta9able by ef=t & education4 ,virtues are ( two k9ds3 ( ! intellect1 acquir$ by /udy2 & moral1 acquir$ by practice4 ,! moral virtues are n implant$ by nature1 b we h ! capacity = !m by nature1 & a*ieve !m by practice1 z by practice we acquire excell5ce 9 ! arts1 or control ov] our passions4 ,education1 !n1 is ( ! utmo/ importance1 s9ce ! /ate or habit ( virtue is ! outcome ( virtue 9 act4 ,! mann]1 ! h[ ( action1 mu/ be 9 accord ) ,"r ,reason1 :]e( we %all speak else:]e4 ,"h we mu/ recognise t we are n lay+ d[n univ]sal propositions1 b g5]al rules :i* are modifi$ by circum/ances4 ,our activities mu/ lie 9 a mean betwe5 ! two extremes ( excess & defect1 & ?is applies bo? to ! process ( g5]at+ virtue1 & to its manife/ation4 ,! virtues are conc]n$ ) pleasure & pa91 because ^! act z inducem5ts or oppos+ influ5ces2 ,beauty1 ,advantage1 & ,pleasure be+ ! ?ree /&+ inducem5ts1 & ,pleasure ent]+ into bo? ! o!rs2 s t 9 "o aspect ,virtue is ! ,be/ action 9 respect to pleasure4 ,b x does n lie 9 ! m]e act2 ! act mu/ be born ( k & ( *oice done = its own sake1 & p]si/5tly--! fir/1 k1 be+ ! lea/ important2 to make x ! mo/ important is a speculative error4 ,n[1 !re are ?ree modes ( m9d3 feel+ or passion1 faculty1 & habit4 ,we d n praise or blame passion 9 itself1 or ! faculty2 !re=e virtue c lie 9 nei!r1 b mu/ be f\nd 9 habit or condition4 ,! virtu\s habit or condition is :at enables t :]e( x is ! virtue to p]=m its function1 :i*1 9 ! case ( man1 is ! activity ( ! s\l1 pres]v+ always a middle c\rse betwe5 excess & defici5cy1 by *oice4 ,9 ano!r s5se1 h[ev]1 we mu/ rememb] t !re are qualities 9 !mselves wrong1 & t virtue may be pres5t$ z n some?+ int]m$iate1 b a consummation4 ,b :5 we "n ea* ( ^! virtues--,c\rage1 ,temp]ance1 ,lib]ality1 etc42 ! social virtues1 or good mann]s2 ! virtues conc]n$ ) ! passions--we c "n ! correspond+ excess or defici5cy4 ,ju/ice & ! intellectual virtues dem& a sep>ate analysis4 ,ea* virtue /&s 9 opposition to ea* ( ! extremes1 & ea* ( ^! to ! o!r extreme1 ?\gh 9 "s cases ! virtue may be m antagoni/ic to "o extreme ?an to ! o!r1 z c\rage to c[>dice m ?an to ra%ness4 ,9 individual cases1 x is difficult to avoid be+ deflect$ t[>ds "o or o!r ( ! extremes4 ,be=e proce$+ ) ?is analysis1 we mu/ exam9e ! "q ( *oice4 ,to be praisewor?y1 an act mu/ be volunt>y4 ,an act is n volunt>y if x is ! outcome ( ext]nal compulsion4 ,:]e !re is a m>g9 ( *oice1 an act mu/ /ill1 on ! :ole1 be reg>d$ z volunt>y1 ?\gh done aga9/ our w4 ,( prop]ly involunt>y acts1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! un9t5tional & ! unwill+1 mean+ by ! latt]1 9 effect1 :at ! ag5t w\ld n h done if he _h kn[n4 ,*oice is n ! same ?+ z a volunt>y act2 nor is x desire1 or emotion1 or exactly wi%1 s9ce we may wi% =1 b _c make *oice (1 ! unatta9able4 ,nor is x ,delib]ation--r1 x is ! act ( decision foll[+ delib]ation4 ,if man has ! p[] to say yes1 he has equally ! p[] to say no1 & is ma/] ( 8 own action4 ,if we make a wrong *oice ?r\gh ignorance = :i* we are ourselves responsible1 ! ignorance itself is culpable1 & _c excuse ! wrong *oice2 & s1 :5 ! *oice is ! outcome ( a judgm5t disord]$ by bad habits1 m5 _c escape by say+ !y 7 made s--!y made !mselves s4 ,to say !y c\ld n help do+ wrong ?+s is only an evasion4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,moral ,,virtues ,,exam9$ ,virtues1 !n1 are habits1 issu+ 9 acts correspond+ to ^? by :i* ! habit 0 e/abli%$1 direct$ by ,"r ,reason1 e su* act be+ volunt>y1 & ! :ole process a volunt>y process4 ,we may n[ turn to ! analysis ( ! sev]al virtues4 ,c\rage has to d ) fe>4 ,n all k9ds2 = !re are "s ?+s we ought to fe>1 su* z di%on\r & paup]ism1 ! fe> ( :i* is compatible ) dauntless c\rage1 :ile ! c[>d may n fe> !m4 ,fe>lessness ( :at is 9 our control1 & endurance ( :at is n1 = ! sake ( true hon\r1 con/itute ! c\rage\s habit4 ,its excess is ra%ness or foolh>d9ess1 ! defici5cy c[>dice4 ,ak9 to x1 b /ill spuri\s1 is ! c\rage ( :i* ! motive is n ,hon\r b hon\rs or reputation4 ,spuri\s also is ! c\rage :i* arises f ! k t ! dang] is inf9itesimal2 s is t :i* is born ( bl9d ang]1 or ( elat$ self-confid5ce1 or ( m]e unconsci\sness ( dang]4 ,true ,c\rage lies 9 resi/+ a temptation to pleasure or to escap+ pa91 &1 above all1 dea?1 = ,hon\r's sake4 ,! ex]cise ( a virtue may be v f> f pleasant1 except1 ( c\rse1 9 s f> z ! end = :i* x 0 ex]cis$ is a*iev$4 ,temp]ance is conc]n$ ) pleasures ( ! s5ses2 ma9ly ( t\*1 9 a mu* less degree ( ta/e2 b n ( sight1 he>+1 or smell1 except indirectly4 ,( c>nal pleasures1 "s are common to all1 "s h an individual application4 ,temp]ance lies 9 be+ cont5t to d )\t !m1 & desir+ !m only s f> z !y conduce to heal? & com=t4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( intemp]ance is t x has to d ) pleasures only1 n ) pa9s4 ,h5ce1 x is m purely volunt>y ?an c[>dice1 z be+ less influ5c$ by p]turb+ outw>d circum/ances z conc]ns ! p>ticul> case1 ?\gh n ! habit4 ,lib]ality is conc]n$ ) money matt]s1 & lies betwe5 extravagance & meanness4 ,really x means ! "r treatm5t ( money1 bo? 9 sp5d+ & receiv+ x--! =m] r ?an ! latt]4 ,a man is n really lib]al :o lavi%es money = bas] purposes1 or takes x :5ce he %\ld n1 or fails to take due c>e ( 8 prop]ty4 ,! lib]al man t5ds to err 9 ! direction ( lavi%ness4 ,extravagance is curable1 b is frequ5tly accompani$ by c>elessness z to ! objects on :i* ! money is sp5t & ! s\rces f :i* x is obta9$4 ,! habit ( meanness is apt to be in]adicable1 & is display$ bo? 9 ! acquisition & 9 ! ho>d+ ( money4 ,munific5ce is a virtue conc]n$ only ) exp5diture on a l>ge scale1 & x implies lib]ality4 ,x lies betwe5 vulg> o/5tation & nigg>dl9ess4 ,x is possible only = ! weal?y1 & is conc]n$ ma9ly ) public works1 b also ) private occasions ( c]emony4 ,! error ( vulg> o/5tation is misdirection ( exp5diture1 n excess4 ,nigg>dl9ess ab/a9s f a prop] exp5diture4 ,magnanimity is ! virtue ( ! ari/ocrat2 its excess is self-glorification1 its defici5cy self-depreciation4 ,! magnanim\s man w bate no?+ ( 8 claim to hon\r1 p[] & weal?1 n z c>+ greatly = !m1 b z dem&+ :at he kn[s to be 8 due4 ,?is "* involves ! possession ( ! virtues2 ! man mu/ act 9 ! gr& mann] & on ! gr& scale4 ,he kn[s 8 own sup]iority1 does n conceal x1 & acts up to x4 ,self-glorification ov]rates its own capacities2 self-depreciation und]rates !m & %uns its responsibilities1 be+ ! m repreh5sible ( ! two4 ,!re is a nameless virtue :i* /&s to magnanimity 9 ! same relation z t ( lib]ality to munific5ce2 ^! be+ conc]n$ ) hon\rs1 z ^? ) money4 ,! excess is ambition1 ! defici5cy is ! lack ( x2 b "h t]m9ology fails u4 ,good temp] is a mean betwe5 ill-temp]--:e!r ( ! irascible1 ! sulky1 or ! cantank]\s k9d--& some?+ = :i* we h no "n 7poor-spirit$ness74 ,fri5dl9ess comes betwe5 ! excessive desire to please & boori%ness4 ,x is a social virtue :i* might be def9$ z goodwill plus tact4 ,s9c]ity !re is no ,engli% t]m q correspond+ to ! ,greek is ! quality oppos$ on ! "o side to boa/fulness1 & on ! o!r to mock-mode/y2 x is display$ by ! man :o ackn[l$ges1 b :o nev] exagg]ates 8 own m]its4 ,9 ! social display ( wit & hum\r1 !re is a m>k$ mean betwe5 ! buffoon & ! dull>d or prig4 ,%ame is a t]m imply+ a feel+ r ?an a habit2 l fe>1 x has a physical effect1 produc+ blu%es1 & seems1 9 fact1 to be fe> ( disrepute4 ,to ! "y1 x is a safegu>d aga9/ vice2 ! virtu\s man ne$ nev] feel x2 to be unable to feel x implies ! habit ( vice4 ,cont95ce is n prop]ly 9 ! category ( moral virtues4 ,,iii4--,,ju/ice ,we come n[ to ,ju/ice4 ,a specific habit diff]s f a specific faculty or sci5ce1 z ea* ( ! latt] cov]s opposites1 e4g41 ! sci5ce ( heal? is also ! sci5ce ( sickness2 :]eas ! habit ( ,ju/ice does n cov] b is oppos$ to ! habit ( ,inju/ice4 ,ju/ice itself is a t]m us$ 9 v>i\s s5ses2 & ! s5ses 9 :i* inju/ice is us$ v>y correspond+ly4 ,confusion is apt to arise f ^! v>y+ s5ses n be+ di/+ui%$4 ,inju/ice includes law-break+1 grasp+ & unfairness4 ,grasp+ is tak+ too mu* ( :at is good only2 unfairness is conc]n$ ) bo? :at is good & :at is injuri\s4 ,b 9 ! legal s5se1 :atev] law lays d[n is assum$ to be j4 ,law1 h[ev]1 cov]s ! :ole field ( virtu\s action z x affects our neighb\rs1 s t 9 ?is g5]al s5se ju/ice is an inclusive t]m equival5t to righte\sness4 ,we1 h[ev]1 mu/ conf9e ourselves to ! specific s5se ( ! t]ms4 ,grasp+ is1 9 fact1 includ$ 9 unfairness1 :i* is ! real opposite ( specific ju/ice2 x includes law-break+ only s f> z ! law is brok5 = ! sake ( ga94 ,! ju/ice ) :i* we are conc]n$ has two bran*es3 ,di/ributive1 ( hon\rs & ! l among citiz5s by ! ,/ate1 & ( private prop]ty by contract & agreem5t2 & ,corrective1 ! rem$y+ ( unfair di/ribution4 ,!re are always two p>ties1 & ju/ice is ! mean betwe5 ! unfairness :i* fav\rs ,a & ! unfairness :i* fav\rs ,b4 ,di/ributive ju/ice takes into consid]ation ! m]its ( ! p>ties2 corrective ju/ice is conc]n$ only ) re/or+ a balance :i* has be5 di/urb$4 ,! di/ribution is a "q n ( equality1 b ( "r proportion2 & ?is applies to retribution1 :i* is recognis$ z "o ( its aspects1 e4g41 ! retribution = an (fic] /rik+ a private & = a private /rik+ an (fic]4 ,proportional requital is ! economic basis ( society1 arriv$ at by ! exi/5ce ( a comp>atively unfluctuat+ curr5cy :i* provides a crit]ion4 ,9 ! ,/ate1 z su*1 ju/ice is obta9$ f ! law & its adm9i/rators2 ju/ice is ! virtue ( ! magi/rate4 ,s9ce he has no?+ to ga9 or lose himself1 x has be5 suppos$ t ju/ice is ano!r's good1 n our own4 ,9 ! family1 ju/ice does n come 91 ! :ole h\sehold be+1 9 a s5se1 p>ts ( ! pat] familias2 & z y _c be unju/ to y\rself1 y _c be unju/ to y\r h\sehold4 ,9 ! ,/ate1 :at is j is fix$ p>tly by ! nature ( ?+s1 p>tly by law or conv5tion4 ,z to individual acts1 injury may arise f a miscalculation1 or f an incalculable accid5t2 x becomes a wrong :5 x 0 int5tional b n prem$itat$1 an inju/ice :5 prem$itat$4 ,an act prima facie unju/ is n s if done ) ! free cons5t ( ! p]son injur$4 ,x is ! ag5t ( di/ribution1 n ! recipi5t1 :o is unju/ 7:5 !y are diff]5t p]sons72 & simil>ly1 ! ag5t1 n ! in/rum5t4 ,& ev5 ! ag5t ( unju/ di/ribution is n really unju/ unless he 0 really actuat$ by motives ( p]sonal ga94 ,! p]=mance ( a p>ticul> act is easy4 ,to p]=m x rightly z ! outcome ( a "r habit1 is n2 nor is x easy to be confid5t z to :at is "r 9 ! p>ticul> case4 ,! man :o is j1 hav+ ! habit1 does n f9d x easy to act unju/ly4 ,:at we mu/ call equity may be oppos$ to ju/ice1 b only 9 ! legal s5se ( t t]m4 ,x is ju/ice fre$ f ! errors incid5tal to ! p>ticul> case1 = :i* ! law _c provide4 ,inju/ice1 aga91 is f\nd 9 self-injury or suicide2 :i* ! law p5alises1 n because ! individual !reby treats himself unju/ly1 b because he does an inju/ice to ! community4 ,x is only by metaphor t a man may be call$ unju/ to himself1 an expression :i* means t ! relation betwe5 "o "p ( him & ano!r "p ( him is analog\s to ! unju/ relation betwe5 p]sons4 ,,iv4--,,wisdom1 ,,prud5ce ,,& ,,cont95ce ,! ensu+ discussion ( intellectual virtue requires "s rem>ks on ! s\l4 ,we di/+ui% 9 ! rational "p1 t :i* kn[s1 conc]n$1 ) ! un*ang+2 & t :i* reasons1 conc]n$ ) ! *ang+4 ,our intellects & our prop5sions--n our s5se-p]ceptions1 :i* are %>$ ) animals--guide our actions & our appreh5sion ( tru?4 ,attraction & repulsion1 9 correspond5ce ) affirmation & d5ial1 comb9e to =m "r *oice2 ! practical--z oppos$ to ! pure--reason hav+ an ext]nal object1 & be+ a motive p[]4 ,!re are five modes ( atta9+ tru?3 7#a7 ,conc]n+ ?+s unalt]able1 def9$ z demon/rative sci5ce2 7#b7 conc]n+ ! mak+ ( ?+s *angeable1 art2 7#c7 conc]n+ ! do+--n mak+--( ?+s *angeable1 prud5ce2 7#d7 intuitive reason1 ! basis ( demon/rative sci5ce2 7#e7 wisdom1 ! union ( intuitive reason & sci5ce4 ,wisdom & prud5ce are ! two virtues ( ! intellect4 ,wisdom implies intuitive reason1 :i* grasps undemon/rable fir/ pr9ciples2 x is conc]n$ ) ! int]e/s n ( ! mom5t1 ! individual1 or ! locality4 ,:]eas prud5ce is conc]n$ precisely ) ^!2 x is ess5tially practical4 ,wisdom _c be id5tifi$ ) /atesman%ip2 :i*1 aga91 is n ! same z prud5ce--:i* applies to ! self1 & to ! family1 z well z to ! ,/ate2 x diff]s f wisdom z requir+ exp]i5ce4 ,wisdom1 k ( ! ultimate bases1 is equally )\t practical be>+ = ^? :o h acquir$ a "r habit & = ^? :o h n2 j z a k ( m$ical !ory is ( no use to ! av]age man4 ,b be+ an activity ( ! s\l1 ipso facto1 x conduces to happ9ess4 ,! g5]al conclusion is t :at we h call$ prud5ce %[s ! means to ! end :i* ! moral virtues aim at4 ,x is n a moral virtue1 b ! moral virtues accord ) x4 ,bo? are necess>y to ! a*ievem5t ( goodness4 ,we come n[ to a second gr\p ( qualities1 conc]n$ ) conduct4 ,we h dealt ) ! virtues & _! oppos+ vices4 ,we pass by ! infra-human & ! supra-human be/iality & hol9ess2 b h /ill to deal ) ,cont95ce & its contra/$ qualities1 :i* are conc]n$ ) ! passions4 ,9 ! popul> view1 cont95ce1 self-control1 is adh]5ce to our =m$ judgm5t4 ,incont95ce is yield+ to passion :]e we "k x to be wrong1 & may be indulg$ 9 ! pursuit ( v5geance1 hon\r1 or ga94 ,a numb] ( prima facie contradictions are />t$ out ( ! popul> views4 ,we f9d t a man does n act aga9/ complete k or k ( :i* he is fully consci\s4 ,! k may1 s to speak1 be !re1 b is 9 abeyance1 a condition :i* is palpably exemplifi$ 9 a drunk5 man4 ,n[1 incont95ce is conc]n$ ) pleasures1 :i* are necess>y--z = su/5ance ( life--& unnecess>y b1 p] se1 desirable1 z hon\r4 ,incont95ce is a t]m appli$ only by analogy 9 ! case ( ! latt]2 its prop] conc]n--z ) ! moral vice1 :i* we call intemp]ance--is ) ! =m]4 ,x implies1 h[ev]1 viol5t desire1 :i* intemp]ance does n4 ,we h examples ( su* desires 9 a morbid or diseas$ =m1 species ( mania2 b "h aga9 ! t]m incont95ce is only appli$ by analogy4 ,its legitimate application1 9 %ort1 is re/rict$ to ! normal4 ,incont95ce 9 respect ( ang] is n s bad z 9 respect ( desire4 ,x is (t5 con/itutional1 x is 9 itself pa9ful1 & x is n wanton1 be+ 9 all ?ree po9ts unlike ! o!r4 ,:at we spoke ( z be/iality is m horrible ?an vice or incont95ce1 z be+ inhuman2 b x does less h>m4 ,incont95ce means transgress+ ! ord9>y /&>ds 9 respect ( pleasure & pa94 ,su* transgression1 :5 ( set purpose1 & n foll[$ by rep5tance--consequ5tly1 incurable--is ! moral vice ( intemp]ance2 :i*1 be+ *>act]is$ by ! abs5ce ( viol5t desire1 is worse ?an incont95ce4 ,! latt] is op51 & is curable4 ,! confusion betwe5 ! two is due to _! issu+ 9 l acts2 ! passionate impulse is tempor>y2 x is n a =m$ habit ( wrong *oice4 ,cont95ce is act+ on conviction 9 resi/ance to passion2 n m]ely /ick+ to any & e op9ion1 :i* is really r m l incont95ce4 ,! o!r extreme1 ( actual apa?y1 is r>e4 ,cont95ce diff]s f temp]ance1 z imply+ resi/ance to /rong desires2 :]eas temp]ance implies t su* desires are n active4 ,prud5ce--b n ! acut5ess :i* is sometimes confus$ ) prud5ce--is incompatible ) incont95ce1 :i* is lea/ curable :5 ! outcome ( weakness4 ,"h x becomes necess>y to make "s inquiry z to ,pleasure & ,pa94 ,"s ma9ta9 t pleasure is nev] good1 "s t x is p>tly good & p>tly n2 "s t x is good1 b n ! be/ ,b x _c be bad p] se1 s9ce x may be def9$ z ! unimp$$ activity ( a =m$ faculty4 ,pleasure1 z su*1 is n a h9drance to any activity1 b its fulfilm5t2 e4g41 ! pleasure ( speculative inquiry does n h9d] x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ev]yone does pursue pleasure2 ! d5ial t x is good results f ?9k+ ( x z mean+ only bodily pleasures4 ,& ev5 !y are n evil1 b only ! excessive pursuit ( !m4 ,z to pleasure be+ fleet+1 t is only because circum/ances v>y4 ,! pleasure ( ! un*ang+ w\ld be p]man5t4 ,v4--,,fri5d%ip ,a quality r5d]$ z ,fri5d%ip--?\gh ! ,greek & ,engli% t]ms are n id5tical 9 cont5t--n[ comes "u exam9ation4 ,x is a relation to "s o!r p]son or p]sons )\t :i* life is h>dly wor? liv+4 ,"s acc\nt = x on ! pr9ciple ( l to l1 o!rs on ! opposite !ory4 ,n[1 lovabl5ess comes ( goodness1 or pleasantness1 or usefulness4 ,love is n be/[$ on ! inanimate1 & x mu/ be mutual2 x is to be di/+ui%$ f goodwill or devotion1 :i* ne$ n be reciprocat$4 ,g5u9e fri5d%ip mu/ be bas$ on goodness2 :at re/s on pleasantness 7z ) ! "y71 or on utility 7z ) ! old71 is only to be recognis$ conv5tionally z fri5d%ip4 ,9 p]fection x _c subsi/ )\t p]fect mutual k1 & only betwe5 ! good2 h5ce x is n possible = anyone to h _m real fri5ds4 ,( ! conv5tional =ms1 t :i* is born ( intellectual sympa?y is m endur+ ?an :at spr+s f sexual attraction2 :ile :at comes ( utility is q accid5tal4 ,! =m] may develop into g5u9e fri5d%ip if !re be virtue 9 bo? p>ties4 ,companion%ip is a necess>y condition1 9 any case4 ,v>iants ( fri5d%ip1 h[ev]1 may subsi/ betwe5 unequals1 z betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr51 pr9ces & subjects1 m5 & wom51 :]e !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! affection ( ! two p>ties4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( inequality--?\gh we _c lay d[n ! limitation--makes fri5d%ip a misnom]4 ,"o w\ld n desire ! actual apo!osis ( a fri5d1 because t w\ld take him out ( rea*2 x w\ld end fri5d%ip4 ,fri5d%ip lies r 9 ! active lov+ ?an 9 be+ lov$1 ?\gh mo/ p are m anxi\s to be lov$ ?an to love4 ,e =m ( social community--typifi$ 9 ! ,/ate--involves relation%ips into :i* fri5d%ip ent]s4 ,! relation%ips 9 ! family correspond to ^? 9 /ates2 mon>* to subjects z fa!r to *ildr51 tyrant to subjects z ma/] to slaves2 autocratic rule to t ( ! husb&1 olig>*ic rule to t ( ! wife2 :at we call ,timocracy to ! frat]nal relation1 & ,democracy to ! entirely unregulat$ h\sehold4 ,9 "s k9ds ( association1 fri5d%ip takes ! =m ( esprit de corps4 ,x may be se5 t qu>rels arise mo/ readily 9 ^? fri5d%ips betwe5 equals :i* are bas$ ^u int]e/1 & 9 fri5d%ips betwe5 unequals4 ,fri5d%ip is a k9d ( ex*ange--equal betwe5 equals1 & proportional betwe5 unequals2 a repaym5t4 ,?is sugge/s v>i\s que/ions z to priority ( claim--e4g41 betwe5 pay+ y\r fa!r's ransom & repay+ a loan1 bo? be+ 9 a sort ! repaym5t ( a debt4 ,no fix$ law c be laid d[n--i4e41 x _c be said t "o obligation at all times & 9 all circum/ances ov]rides all o!rs4 ,! dissolution ( fri5d%ip is w>rant$ :5 "o p>ty has become deprav$1 s9ce he has *ang$ f be+ ! p]son :o 0 ! object ( fri5d%ip4 ,b he %\ld n be giv5 up :ile !re is hope ( re/or+ 8 "*4 ,aga91 if "o develops a great sup]iority1 fri5d%ip prop] _c p]si/--at lea/1 9 its fir/ =m4 ,our relations ) a fri5d are mu* l ^? ) our own selves2 ! true fri5d is a sort ( alt] ego4 ,fri5d%ip is n to be id5tifi$ ) goodwill1 ?\gh ! latt] is a condition prec$5t2 we may feel goodwill1 b n fri5d%ip1 t[>ds a p]son we h nev] se5 or spok5 to4 ,unanimity ( feel+--n z to facts1 b z to ends & means--is a sort ( equival5t to fri5d%ip 9 ! body politic4 ,! reason :y conf]r+ a b5efit creates m affection ?an receiv+ x seems to be t ! b5efactor feels himself ! mak] ( ! o!r2 we all incl9e to love :at we produc$--z p>5ts _! *ildr51 or ! arti/ 8 own creations4 ,self-love is wrong 9 a s5se--! usual s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is us$1 ( giv+ priority to oneself 9 ! acquisition ( mat]ial pleasures4 ,b ! seek+ ( ! noble/ ?+s = oneself is really self-love1 & may involve giv+ o!rs1 especially fri5ds1 ! priority 9 respect ( desirable ?+s--ev5 to resign+ to ano!r ! opportunity ( do+ a noble de$4 ,9 ?is high] s5se1 self-love is praisewor?y4 ,! good man is self-suffic+1 b fri5ds are desirable1 if n actually necess>y to him1 z giv+ scope = ! ex]cise ( b5efic5t activities1 n z conf]r+ b5efits ^u him4 ,besides1 man's highe/ activities mu/ be ex]cis$ n 9 isolation1 b z a memb] ( society1 & su* life lacks complet5ess if )\t fri5ds4 ,f9ally1 fri5d%ip atta9s its complete/ realisation :]e comrade%ip is complete2 t is to say1 9 a common life4 ,,vi4--,,conclusion ,we mu/ rev]t once m to ! "q ( ,pleasure & ,pa94 ,to say t pleasure is n good is absurd2 he :o does s /ultifies himself by 8 own acts4 ,eudoxus ?\ght x 0 ! good1 8 op9ion be+ ! weighti] because ( 8 temp]at5ess4 ,x is desir$ = its own sake2 its opposite is admitt$ly undesirable4 ,b s9ce x may be add$ to o!r good ?+s1 x _c be ! good3 ?\gh to say t :at e "o desires is n good at all is folly4 ,t x is n a quality1 or t x is indet]m9ate1 are irrelevant argum5ts1 bo? /atem5ts apply+ to :at are admitt$ly among goods4 ,! doctr9e t x is a process1 aga91 w n hold wat]4 ,pleasure is a ?+ complete2 :]eas a process is complete at no mom5t unless x be t ( its t]m9ation4 ,x is ! completion ( its appropriate activity2 n 9 ! s5se t a habit makes ! activity complete1 b z its accompanim5t & complem5t4 ,cont9u\s x is n1 j z ! activity is n4 ,x is n ! complete life1 b is insep>able f x4 ,pleasures1 h[ev]1 diff] specifically & 9 value1 z d ! qualities ) ^: activities !y are associat$4 ,! pleasures prop] to m5 are ^? associat$ ) ! activities prop] to man z man1 ^? %>$ ) o!r animals be+ s only 9 a less degree4 ,x rema9s to recapitulate ! sum ( our conclusions reg>d+ ,happ9ess4 ,x is n a habit1 b lies 9 ! habitual activities--desirable 9 & = !mselves n z means--ex]cis$ delib]ately1 exclud+ m]e amusem5t4 ,man's highe/ faculty be+ intellig5ce1 its activity is 8 highe/ happ9ess--contemplation--con/ant1 suffici5t1 & s\ght n z a means1 b z an end4 ,?is k9d ( happ9ess belongs to ! gods also4 ,exclusively human1 b bel[ ! o!r1 is ! fulfilm5t ( ! moral life1 condition$ by human society1 & m affect$ by environm5ts & mat]ial wants4 ,= contemplative activity1 ! b>e/ mat]ial ne$s suffice4 ,b ?is does n ( itself induce ! moral life1 be+ ap>t f conduct4 ,to induce morality1 n only k1 b ! "r habit ( action--:i* does n foll[ f k & may be implant$ )\t x--is absolutely necess>y4 ,compulsion may successfully e/abli% ! habit :]e argum5t might fail4 ,compulsion1 !re=e1 is ! prop] c\rse = ! ,/ate to take4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,m>cus ,,aurelius ,,8 ,,disc\rses ,,) ,,himself ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us1 ,roman emp]or & ,/oic philosoph]1 0 born on ,april #bj1 #aba ,a4,d4 ,hav+ be5 adopt$ by ,anton9us ,pius1 ^: daught] ,fau/9a he m>ri$1 he succe$$ him z emp]or 9 #afa1 b freely %>$ ! imp]ial ?rone ) ,lucius ,v]us1 :o also _h be5 adopt$ by ,pius4 ,m>cus ,aurelius reign$ until 8 dea?1 on ,m>* #ag1 #ahj1 9 almo/ un9t]rupt$ conflict ) rebelli\s prov9ces1 & (t5 heavily burd5$ ) ! int]nal tr\bles ( ,rome4 ,b ! s]5ity ( ?is augu/ m9d1 & 8 con/ancy to wisdom1 virtue & religion1 7 nev] %ak54 ,= magnanimity1 fidelity1 resignation1 =titude & m]cy1 he /&s unrivall$ by any o!r figure ( ! pagan _w4 ,nor did t _w produce any o!r book :i*1 l 81 rema9s z an unfail+ companion to e g5]ation ( ! mod]n age4 ,! *>m ( ^! fragm5t>y m$itations dep5ds greatly on _! conv9c+ c&\r2 !re is n a trace ( ! cant & exagg]ation t s ta9t ! moralis+s ( less] m54 ,x dep5ds also on _! iron /oicism2 !re are "h no d\btful com=ts1 no rosy illusions4 ,b x dep5ds *iefly on ! admirable & lovable human "* :i* is reveal$ 9 !m4 ,!y 7 writt5 9 ,greek1 & 7 probably jott$ d[n at odd mom5ts "u ! mo/ v>i\s circum/ances4 ,tradition says t !y 7 int5d$ = ! guidance ( 8 son4 ,,book ,i ,! example ( my gr&fa!r ,v]us taught me to be c&id & to control my temp]4 ,by ! memory ( my fa!r's "* ,i le>n$ to be mode/ & manly4 ,my "m taught me reg>d = religion1 to be g5]\s & op5-h&$1 & nei!r to d an ill turn to anyone nor ev5 to ?9k ( x4 ,%e br$ me also to a pla9 & inexp5sive way ( liv+4 ,i owe x to my gr&fa!r t ,i _h n a public education1 b _h good ma/]s at home4 ,f my tutor ,i le>n$ n to id5tify myself ) popul> sport+ int]e/s1 b to "w h>d1 endure fatigue1 & n to m$dle ) o!r p's affairs4 ,diognetus taught me to be> fre$om & pla9 deal+ 9 o!rs1 & gave me a ta/e = philosophy4 ,ru/icus fir/ set me to improve my "*1 & prev5t$ me f runn+ aft] ! vanity ( ! ,sophi/s1 & f conc]n+ myself ) rhetorical & poetic conceits1 or ) ! affectations ( a d&y4 ,he taught me to read an au?or c>efully1 & gave me a copy ( ,epictetus4 ,apollonius %[$ me h[ to give my m9d its due fre$om1 to disreg>d ev]y?+ t 0 n true & reasonable1 & to ma9ta9 an equable temp] "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,sextus taught me good hum\r1 to be oblig+1 & to be> ) ! ignorant & ?\ghtless4 ,f ,maximus ,i le>n$ to comm& myself1 & to put ?r\gh bus9ess effici5tly1 )\t drudg+ or compla9t4 ,f my adoptive fa!r ,i le>n$ a smoo? & in(f5sive temp]1 & a greatness pro( aga9/ vanity & ! impressions ( pomp & p[]2 ,i le>n$ t x 0 ! "p ( a pr9ce to *eck flatt]y1 to h 8 ex*equ] well furni%$1 to be frugal 9 8 exp5ses1 n to wor%ip ! gods to sup]/ition1 b to be res]v$1 vigilant & well pois$4 ,i ?ank ! gods t my gr&fa!rs1 p>5ts1 si/]1 preceptors1 relatives1 fri5ds & dome/ics 7 almo/ all p]sons ( probity1 & t ,i nev] happ5$ to disoblige any ( !m4 ,by ! goodness ( ! gods ,i 0 n provok$ to expose my infirmities4 ,i owe x to !m also t my wife is s def]5tial1 affectionate & frugal2 & t :5 ,i _h a m9d to look into philosophy ,i did n sp5d too mu* "t 9 read+ or logic-*opp+4 ,all ^! po9ts c\ld nev] h be5 gu>d$ )\t a protection f above4 ,,book ,,ii ,put y\rself 9 m9d1 e morn+1 t be=e night y w meet ) "s m$dlesome1 ungrateful & abusive fell[1 ) "s envi\s or unsociable *url4 ,rememb] t _! p]v]sity proce$s f ignorance ( good & evil2 & t s9ce x has fall5 to my %>e to und]/& ! natural beauty ( a good action & ! de=mity ( an ill "o2 s9ce ,i am satisfi$ t ! disoblig+ p]son is ( k9 to me1 our m9ds be+ bo? extract$ f ! ,deity2 s9ce no man c d me a real injury because no man c =ce me to misbehave myself2 ,i _c !re=e hate or be angry ) "o ( my own nature & family4 ,= we are all made = mutual assi/ance1 no less ?an ! p>ts ( ! body are = ! s]vice ( ! :ole2 :5ce x foll[s t cla%+ & opposition are utt]ly unnatural4 ,?is be+ ( m9e consi/s ( body1 brea?1 & t "p :i* gov]ns4 ,put away y\r books & face ! matt] itself4 ,z = y\r body1 value x no m ?an if y 7 j expir+2 x is no?+ b a little blood & bones4 ,y\r brea? is b a little air pump$ 9 & out4 ,b ! ?ird "p is y\r m9d4 ,"h make a /&4 ,consid] t y are an old man1 & d n let ?is noble "p ( y langui% 9 slav]y any long]4 ,let x n be ov]borne ) selfi% passions2 let x n qu>rel ) fate1 or be uneasy at ! pres5t1 or afraid ( ! future4 ,provid5ce %9es cle>ly ?r\gh ! "w ( ! gods4 ,let ^! reflections satisfy y1 & make !m y\r rule to live by4 ,z = books1 cease to be eag] = !m1 t y may die 9 good hum\r1 he>tily ?ank+ ! gods = :at y h _h4 ,rememb] t y are a man & a ,roman1 & let y\r actions be done ) dignity1 gravity1 humanity1 fre$om & ju/ice2 let e action be done z ?\gh x 7 y\r la/4 ,h nei!r ins9c]ity nor self-love4 ,man has to ga9 b few po9ts 9 ord] to live a happy & godlike life4 ,& :at1 aft] all1 is !re to be afraid ( 9 dea?8 ,if ! gods exi/1 y c suff] no h>m2 & if !y d n exi/1 or take no c>e ( u mortals1 a _w )\t gods or ,provid5ce is n wor? a man's :ile to live 94 ,b ! be+ ( ! gods1 & _! conc]n 9 human affairs1 is beyond dispute2 & !y h put x 9 e man's p[] n to fall into any calamity prop]ly s call$4 ,liv+ & dy+1 hon\r & infamy1 pleasure & pa91 ri*es & pov]ty--all ^! are common to ! virtu\s & ! deprav$1 & are !re=e intr9sically nei!r good nor evil4 ,we live b = a mom5t2 our be+ is 9 a p]petual flux1 our faculties are dim1 our bodies t5d ev] to corruption2 ! s\l is an eddy1 =tune is n to be guess$ at1 & po/hum\s fame is oblivion4 ,to :at1 !n1 may we tru/8 ,:y1 to no?+ b philosophy4 ,?is is1 to keep ! int]ior div9ity f injury & disgrace1 & sup]ior to pleasure & pa91 & to acquiesce 9 "o's appo9t$ lot4 ,,book ,,iii ,obs]ve t ! lea/ ?+s & effects 9 ,nature are n )\t *>m & beauty1 z ! little cracks 9 ! cru/ ( a loaf1 ?\gh n int5d$ by ! bak]1 are agreeable & invite ! appetite4 ,?us figs1 :5 !y are ripe/1 op5 & gape2 & olives1 :5 !y are ne> decay+1 are peculi>ly attractive4 ,! b5d+ ( an e> ( corn1 ! fr[n ( a lion1 ! foam ( a bo>1 & _m o!r l ?+s1 if y take !m s+ly1 are f> f beautiful2 b se5 9 _! natural relations are *>act]i/ic & effective4 ,s if a man h b incl9ation & ?\ght to exam9e ! product ( ! univ]se1 he w f9d t ! mo/ unpromis+ appe>ances h _! own appropriate *>m4 ,d n sp5d y\r ?\ghts ^u o!r p1 nor pry into ! talk1 fancies & projects ( ano!r1 nor guess at :at he is ab\t1 or :y he is do+ x4 ,?9k ^u no?+ b :at y c\ld will+ly tell ab\t1 s t if y\r s\l 7 laid op5 !re w\ld appe> no?+ b :at 0 s9c]e1 good-natur$1 & public-spirit$4 ,a man ?us qualifi$ is a sort ( prie/ & m9i/] ( ! gods1 & makes a "r use ( ! div9ity )9 him4 ,be *e]ful2 dep5d n at all on =eign supports1 nor beg y\r happ9ess ( ano!r2 don't ?r[ away y\r legs to /& ^u crut*es4 ,if1 9 ! :ole compass ( human life1 y f9d any?+ pref]able to ju/ice & tru?1 temp]ance & =titude1 or to a m9d self-satisfi$ ) its own rational conduct & entirely resign$ to fate1 !n turn to x z to y\r supreme happ9ess4 ,b if !re be no?+ m valuable ?an ! div9ity )9 y1 if all ?+s are trifles 9 comp>ison ) ?is1 !n don't divide y\r allegiance4 ,let y\r *oice run all "o way1 & be resolute = t :i* is be/4 ,z = o!r speculations1 ?r[ !m once = all out ( y\r h&4 ,,book ,,iv ,x is ! cu/om ( p to g to unfrequ5t$ places & to ! sea%ore & to ! hills = retirem5t2 & y y\rself h (t5 wi%$ ?is solitude4 ,b1 aft] all1 ?is is only a vulg> fancy1 = x is 9 y\r p[] to )draw into y\rself :5ev] y h a m9d to x4 ,"o's own he>t is a place ! mo/ free f cr[d & noise 9 ! _w if only "o's ?\ghts are s]5e & ! m9d well ord]$4 ,make1 !re=e1 frequ5t use ( ?is retirem5t1 !re9 to refre% y\r virtue4 ,& to ?is end be always provid$ ) a few %ort1 unconte/$ notions1 to keep y\r und]/&+ true4 ,d n =get to retire to ?is solitude ( y\rs2 let !re be no /ra9+ or /ruggl+ 9 ! matt]1 b move at ease4 ,if und]/&+ be common to u all1 !n reason1 its cause1 mu/ be common1 too4 ,& s also mu/ ! reason :i* gov]ns conduct by comm&s & prohibitions be common to u all4 ,mank9d is !re=e "u "o common law1 & s are fell[-citiz5s2 & ! :ole _w is b "o commonweal?1 = !re is no o!r society 9 :i* mank9d c be incorporat$4 ,d n suppose t y are hurt1 & y\r compla9t w cease4 ,if a man affronts y1 d n def] to 8 op9ion1 or ?9k j z he w\ld h y d4 ,no2 look ^u ?+s z reality pres5ts !m4 ,:5 inc5se is ?r[n ^u ! alt>1 "o gra9 usually falls be=e ano!r2 b x matt]s n4 ,adh]e to ! pr9ciples ( wisdom1 & ^? :o n[ take y = a monkey or a bea/ w make a god ( y 9 a week4 ,a ?+ is nei!r bett] nor worse = be+ prais$4 ,d virtues /& 9 ne$ ( a good ^w1 or are !y ! worse = a bad "o8 ,an em]ald w %9e none ! less ?\gh its wor? be n spok5 (4 ,:atev] is agreeable to ,y1 ,o ,univ]se1 is s to me1 too4 ,y\r op]ations are nev] mi/im$4 ,:atev] ,y\r seasons br+ is fruit = me1 ,o ,nature4 ,f ,y all ?+s proce$1 subsi/ 9 ,y1 & return to ,y4 ,! poet said1 ,de> ,city ( ,cecrops2 %all we n say1 ,de> ,city ( ,god8 ,! great] "p ( :at we say & d is unnecess>y2 & if ?is 7 only retr5*$ we %\ld h m leisure & less di/urbance4 ,?is applies to our ?\ghts also1 = imp]t95ce ( ?\ght leads to unnecess>y action4 ,mank9d are poor1 transitory ?+s3 "o day 9 life1 & ! next turn$ to mummy or a%es4 ,!re=e manage ?is m9ute wisely1 & "p ) x *e]fully2 & l a ripe fruit1 :5 y drop1 make y\r ackn[l$gm5ts to ! tree t bore y4 ,,book ,v ,:5 y feel unwill+ to rise e>ly 9 ! morn+1 make ?is %ort spee* to y\rself3 ,i am gett+ up n[ to d ! bus9ess ( a man2 & am ,i out ( hum\r = go+ ab\t t ,i 0 made =1 & = ! sake ( :i* ,i 0 s5t into ! _w8 ,0 ,i !n design$ = no?+ b to doze b5ea? ! c\nt]pane8 ,surely action is ! end ( y\r be+4 ,look ^u ! plants & birds1 ! ants1 spid]s & bees1 & y w see t !y are all ex]t+ _! nature1 & busy 9 _! /ation4 ,%all n a man act l a man8 ,be n a%am$ ( any action :i* is 9 accordance ) ,nature1 & nev] be misl$ by ! fe> ( c5sure or reproa*4 ,:]e hone/y prompts y to say or d any?+1 let n ! op9ion ( o!rs hold y back4 ,g =w>d by ! /raight pa?1 pursu+ y\r own & ! common int]e/4 ,"s m51 :5 !y d y a k9dness1 ask = ! paym5t ( gratitude2 o!rs1 m mode/1 rememb] ! fav\r & look ^u y z _! debtor4 ,b !re are yet o!r b5efactors :o =get _! good de$s2 & ^! are l ! v9e1 :i* is satisfi$ by be+ fruitful 9 its k9d1 & be>s a bun* ( grapes )\t expect+ any ?anks = x4 ,a truly k9d man nev] talks ( a good turn t he has done1 b does ano!r z soon z he c1 j l a v9e t be>s aga9 ! next season4 ,we commonly say t ,aesculapius has prescrib$ rid+ = "o pati5t1 walk+ = ano!r1 a cold ba? = a ?ird4 ,9 ! same way we may say t ! nature ( ! ,univ]se has ord]$ ?is or t p]son a disease1 loss ( limbs or e/ate1 or "s su* o!r calamity4 ,= z1 9 ! fir/ case1 ! ^w prescrib$ means a direction = ! heal? ( ! pati5t1 s1 9 ! latt]1 x means an application suitable = 8 con/itution & de/9y4 ,be n uneasy1 disc\rag$ or out ( hum\r1 because practice falls %ort ( precept 9 "s p>ticul>s4 ,if y happ5 to be vanqui%$1 come on aga91 & be glad if mo/ ( :at y d is wor?y ( a man4 ,we ought to live ) ! gods4 ,?is is done by be+ cont5t$ ) ! appo9tm5ts ( ,provid5ce1 & by obey+ ! ord]s ( t div9ity :i* is ,god's deputy2 & ?is div9e au?ority is no m nor less ?an t s\l & reason :i* e man c>ries )9 him4 ,,book ,,vi ,! be/ way ( rev5ge is n to imitate ! injury4 ,be always do+ some?+ s]viceable to mank9d2 & let ?is con/ant g5]osity be y\r only pleasure1 n =gett+ a due reg>d to ,god4 ,! _w is ei!r an aggregation ( atoms1 or x is a unity rul$ by ,law & ,provid5ce4 ,if ! fir/1 :at %\ld ,i /ay =1 :]e ,nature is a *aos & ?+s are bl9dly jumbl$ toge!r8 ,b if !re is a ,provid5ce1 !n ,i adore ! great ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 & am at ease & *e]ful 9 ! prospect ( protection4 ,suppose y _h a /epmo!r & a "m at ! same "t2 ?\gh y w\ld pay reg>d to ! fir/1 y\r conv]se w\ld be pr9cipally ) ! latt]4 ,let ! c\rt & philosophy repres5t ^! two relations to me4 ,if an antagoni/ 9 ! circus te>s our fle% ) 8 nails1 or tilts aga9/ u ) 8 head1 we d n cry out f\l play1 nor are we (f5d$1 nor d we suspect him aft]w>ds z a dang]\s p]son4 ,let u act ?us 9 ! o!r in/ances ( life4 ,:5 we receive a bl[1 let u ?9k t we are b at a trial ( skill1 & dep>t )\t malice or ill-w4 ,x is en\gh to d my duty2 z = o!r ?+s1 ,i w n be di/urb$ ab\t !m4 ,! va/ cont95ts ( ,europe & ( ,asia are b corn]s ( ! creation2 ! ocean is b a drop1 & ,m\nt ,a?os b a gra9 9 respect ( ! univ]se2 & ! pres5t in/ant ( "t is b a po9t to ! ext5t ( et]nity4 ,:5 y h a m9d to div]t y\r fancy1 try to consid] ! good qualities ( y\r acqua9tance--su* z ! ent]pris+ vig\r ( ?is man1 ! mode/y ( ano!r1 ! lib]ality ( a ?ird1 & s on4 ,let ?is practice be always at h&4 ,,book ,,vii ,:at is wick$ness8 ,x is no?+ new4 ,:5 y are 9 dang] ( be+ %ock$1 consid] t ! sight is no?+ b :at y h frequ5tly se5 already4 ,all ages & hi/ories1 t[ns & families1 are full ( ! same /ories2 !re is no?+ new to be met )1 b all ?+s are common & quickly ov]4 ,nature works up ! matt] ( ! univ]se l wax2 n[ x is a horse2 soon aft]w>ds y w f9d x melt$ d[n & run into ! figure ( a tree2 !n x is a man2 & s on4 ,only = a brief "t is x fix$ 9 any species4 ,anti/h5es said3 ,x is ! fate ( pr9ces to be ill spok5 ( = _! good de$s4 ,consid] ! c\rse ( ! />s z if y 7 driv+ ?r\gh ! sky & kept !m company4 ,su* contemplations z ^! sc\r (f ! ru/ contract$ by conv]s+ "h bel[4 ,rational creatures are design$ = ! advantage ( ea* o!r4 ,a sociable temp] is t = :i* human nature 0 pr9cipally int5d$4 ,x is a say+ ( ,plato's t no "o misses ! tru? by 8 own goodwill4 ,! same may be said ( hone/y1 sobriety1 good nature1 & ! l4 ,rememb] ?is1 = x w help to sweet5 y\r temp]4 ,?\gh ! gods are immortal1 & h _h _! pati5ce tri$ ?r\gh s _m ages1 yet !y n only be> ) a wick$ _w1 b ev5 provide lib]ally = x4 ,& are y tir$ ) evil m5 already1 ?\gh y are "o ( ^? unhappy mortals y\rself8 ,,book ,,viii ,e man has ?ree relations to acquit himself 93 8 body is "o1 ,god is ano!r1 & 8 neighb\rs are ! ?ird4 ,h y se5 a h& or a foot cut (f & remov$ f ! body8 ,j su* a ?+ is ! man :o is discont5t$ ) de/9y or cuts himself (f by selfi%ness f ! int]e/ ( mank9d4 ,b "h is ! =tunate aspect ( ! case--x lies 9 8 p[] to set ! limb on aga94 ,consid] ! peculi> b\nty ( ,god to man 9 ?is privilege3 ,he has set him above ! necessity ( break+ (f f ,nature & ,provid5ce at all2 b suppos+ ?is mis=tune to h occurr$1 x is 9 man's p[] to rejo9 ! body1 & gr[ toge!r aga91 & recov] ! advantage ( be+ ! same memb] t he 0 at fir/4 ,d n take y\r :ole life into y\r head at a "t1 nor burd5 y\rself ) ! weight ( ! future1 nor =m an image ( all probable mis=tunes4 ,nei!r :at is pa/ nor :at is to come ne$ afflict y1 = y h only to deal ) ! pres5t2 & ?is is /rangely less5$ if y take x s+ly & by itself4 ,*ide y\r fancy1 !re=e1 if x (f]s to gr[ fa9t "u s sl5d] a trial4 ,?r[ me into :at climate or /ate y please1 = all t ,i w keep my s\l cont5t4 ,is any misadv5ture big en\gh to ruffle my peace1 or to make my m9d mean1 crav+ & s]vile8 ,:at is !re t c ju/ify su* disord]s8 ,be n heavy 9 bus9ess1 nor di/urb$ 9 conv]sation1 nor rambl+ 9 ?\ght4 ,d n burd5 y\rself ) too mu* employm5t4 ,d m5 curse y8 ,?is _c prev5t y f keep+ a wise1 temp]ate1 & upright m9d4 ,if a man /&+ by a lovely spr+ %\ld rail at x1 ! wat] is none ! worse = 8 f\l language2 & if he ?r[ 9 dirt x w quickly disappe>1 & ! f\nta9 w be z :olesome z ev]4 ,h[ are y to keep y\r spr+s always runn+1 & nev] /agnate into a pool8 ,y mu/ p]sev]e 9 ! virtues ( fre$om1 s9c]ity1 mod]ation1 & good nature4 ,,book ,,ix ,d n drudge l a galley-slave1 nor d bus9ess 9 a labori\s mann]1 z if y wi% to be piti$ or wond]$ at4 ,z virtue & vice consi/ 9 action1 & n 9 ! impressions ( ! s5ses1 s x is n :at !y feel1 b :at !y d1 :i* makes mank9d ei!r happy or mis]able4 ,?is man prays t he may ga9 su* a woman2 b d y r pray t y may h no su* incl9ation4 ,ano!r invokes ! gods to set him free f "s tr\blesome circum/ance2 b let x be y\r petition t y\r m9d may n be set ^u su* a wi%4 ,a ?ird is dev\t 9 ord] to prev5t ! loss ( 8 son2 b ,i w\ld h y pray r aga9/ ! fe> ( los+ him4 ,let ?is be ! rule = y\r devotions1 & wat* ! ev5t4 ,,book ,x ,o my s\l1 are y ev] to be rightly good1 s9c]e1 & uni=m1 & made m visible to y\rself ?an ! body t hangs ab\t y8 ,are y ev] likely to reli% good nature & g5]al k9dness z y ought8 ,w y ev] be fully satisfi$1 rise above want+ & wi%+1 & nev] desire to obta9 y\r pleasure out ( any?+ =eign1 ei!r liv+ or inanimate8 ,are y ev] likely to be s happily qualifi$ z to conv]se ) ! gods & m5 9 su* a mann] z nei!r to compla9 ( !m nor to be condemn$ by !m8 ,put x out ( ! p[] ( all m5 to give y a bad "n1 & if anyone reports y n to be an hone/ or a good man let y\r practice give him ! lie4 ,?is is q feasible2 = :o c h9d] y f be+ j & s9c]e8 ,!re is no "o s happy 9 8 family & fri5ds b t "s ( !m1 :5 !y see him go+1 w rejoice at a good riddance4 ,let him be a p]son ( nev] s mu* probity & prud5ce1 yet someone w say at 8 grave3 ,well1 our man ( ord] & gravity is gone2 we %all be no m tr\bl$ ) 8 discipl9e4 ,?is is ! be/ treatm5t a good man mu/ expect4 ,,book ,,xi ,:at a brave s\l x is t is always ready to dep>t f ! body1 & is unconc]n$ z to :e!r %e w be ext+ui%$1 scatt]$1 or remov$6 ,b %e mu/ be prep>$ ^u reasonable gr\nds1 & n out ( m]e ob/9acy l ! ,*ri/ians2 h] =titude mu/ h no?+ ( noise or ( tragic o/5tation1 b mu/ be grave & seemly4 ,h[ fulsome & holl[ does t man seem :o cries3 ,i'm resolv$ to deal s9c]ely ) y6 ,h>k y1 fri5d1 :at ne$ ( all ?is fl\ri%8 ,let y\r actions speak4 ,y\r face ought to v\* = y4 ,i w\ld h virtue look out ( ! eye no less app>5tly ?an love does4 ,a man ( integrity & good nature c nev] be conceal$1 = 8 "* is wr\ght into 8 c\nt5ance4 ,g5tl5ess & good hum\r are inv9cible1 provid$ !y are ( ! "r /amp & )\t hypocrisy4 ,?is is ! way to dis>m ! mo/ outrage\s p]son--to cont9ue k9d & unmov$ "u ill usage1 & to /rike 9 at ! "r opportunity ) advice4 ,b let all be done out ( m]e love & k9dness4 ,,book ,,xii ,i h (t5 wond]$ h[ x is t ev]yone %\ld love himself be/1 & yet value 8 neighb\r's op9ion ( him m ?an 8 own4 ,if any man %\ld be ord]$ to turn 8 inside outw>ds1 & publi% e ?\ght & fancy z fa/ z !y come into 8 head1 he w\ld n submit to s mu* z a day ( ?is discipl9e4 ,?us x is t we dread our neighb\r's judgm5t m ?an our own4 ,:at a mighty privilege man is born to1 s9ce x is 9 8 p[] n to d any?+ b :at ,god ,almighty approves1 & to be satisfi$ ) all ! di/ributions ( ,provid5ce6 ,reflect ^u ^? :o h made ! mo/ glori\s figure or h met ) ! greate/ mis=tunes4 ,:]e are !y all n[8 ,!y are vani%$ l a little smoke4 ,! prize is insignificant1 & ! play n wor? ! c&le4 ,x is mu* m becom+ to a philosoph] to /& cle> ( affectation1 to be hone/ & mod]ate ^u all occasions1 & to foll[ *e]fully :]ev] ! gods lead on1 rememb]+ t no?+ is m sc&al\s ?an a man :o is pr\d ( 8 humility4 ,li/51 fri5d6 ,y h be5 a burgh] ( ?is great city4 ,:at matt] ?\gh y h liv$ 9 x few] ye>s or m8 ,if y h kept ! laws ( ! corporation1 ! l5g? or %ortness ( ! "t makes no diff]5ce4 ,:]e is ! h>d%ip1 !n1 if ,nature1 t plant$ y "h1 ord]s y\r removal8 ,y _c say y are s5t (f by an unju/ tyrant ,no6 ,y quit ! /age z fairly z a play] does :o has 8 dis*>ge f ! ma/] ( ! revels4 ,b ,i h only gone ?r\gh ?ree acts1 & n held out to ! end ( ! fif?6 ,true2 b 9 life ?ree acts may complete ! play4 ,he is ! only judge ( complet5ess :o fir/ ord]$ y\r entrance & n[ y\r exit2 y are acc\ntable = nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,retire !re=e1 9 s]5ity1 z ,he :o dismisses y is s]5e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,francis ,,bacon ,,! ,,advancem5t ,,( ,,le>n+ ,francis ,bacon1 ,engli% philosoph] & ,*ancellor1 0 born on ,janu>y #bb1 #aefa1 ! son ( ,"l ,keep] ,bacon1 0 s5t to ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 9 #aegc1 & ent]$ ,gray's ,inn 9 #aegf4 ,he _h already become pr(\ndly dissatisfi$ at ,cambridge ) ! ,ari/otelian philosophy1 & ! conception ( a humble & me?odical /udy ( ,nature _h e>ly become ! dom9ant passion ( 8 life4 ,bacon became a memb] ( p>liam5t 9 #aehd1 & n9e ye>s lat] di/+ui%$ himself by com+ =w>d z ! *ampion ( ! privileges ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons aga9/ ! ,lords4 ,! ,essays 7 publi%$ 9 #aeig4 ,bacon 0 knight$ 9 #afjc1 on ! accession ( ,james ,i4 ,9 ,octob]1 #afje1 he publi%$ ! ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 a "w design$ to int]e/ ! k+ 9 ! new philosophy1 ( :i* book we "h give a summ>y4 ,?is review ( ! exi/+ /ate ( k 0 int5d$ to be made1 lat]1 into ! fir/ "p ( ! ,in/auratio ,magna "u ! title ( ,p>titiones ,sci5ti>um4 ,= ?is purpose ,bacon 0 con/antly revis+ x1 & ev5tually he _h x translat$ into ,lat91 & x 0 s publi%$1 greatly enl>g$1 9 #afbc1 "u ! title ( ,de ,dignitate et ,augm5tis ,sci5ti>um4 ,! summit ( 8 c>e] 0 rea*$ 9 #afba1 :5 he became ,visc\nt ,/4 ,albans4 ,8 fall1 on a *>ge ( corruptions 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y1 took place 9 ! foll[+ ,m>*1 & f ?is p]iod until 8 dea?1 on ,april #i1 #afbf1 he devot$ himself to 8 philosophical & lit]>y works4 ,fir/ ,book ,let u weigh ! dignity ( k 9 ! balance ) o!r ?+s4 ,9 its ar*etype x is ! ,div9e wisdom1 or sapi5ce1 manife/$ 9 ! creation4 ,9 ! cele/ial hi]>*y ! suppos$ ,dionysius ( ,a!ns places ! angels ( k & illum9ation be=e ^? ( (fice & dom9ation4 ,!n1 ! fir/ mat]ial =m t 0 creat$ 0 light1 :i* corresponds 9 corporal ?+s to k 9 incorporai4 ,! day :]e9 ,god contemplat$ ,8 own works 0 bless$ above ! days :]e9 ,he accompli%$ !m4 ,man's fir/ employm5t 9 ,p>adise consi/$ ( ! two *ief p>ts ( k1 ! view ( creatures1 & ! imposition ( names4 ,9 ! age be=e ! ,flood1 ,scripture hon\rs ! names ( ! inv5tors ( music & ( works 9 metal4 ,moses 0 accompli%$ 9 all ! le>n+ ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! book ( ,job is pregnant ) natural philosophy4 ,9 ,solomon1 ! gift ( wisdom & le>n+ is pref]r$ be=e all o!r e>?ly & temporal felicity4 ,our ,savi\r fir/ %[$ ,8 p[] to subdue ignorance by ,8 conf]5ce ) ! doctors1 be=e ,he %[$ ,8 p[] to subdue ,nature by miracles2 & ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,_s 0 *iefly figur$ 9 ! gift ( tongues1 :i* are ! vehicles ( k4 ,/4 ,paul1 mo/ le>n$ ( ! apo/les1 _h 8 p5 mo/ us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,_m ( ! anci5t fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* 7 excell5tly read 9 all ! le>n+ ( ! hea!n2 & t hea!n le>n+ 0 pres]v$1 amid ,scy?ian & ,s>ac5 invasions1 9 ! sacr$ bosom ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& 9 our own day1 :5 ,god has call$ ! ,roman ,*ur* to acc\nt = deg5]ate mann]s & obnoxi\s doctr9es4 ,he has also orda9$ a r5ovation ( all o!r kn[l$ges2 &1 on ! o!r side1 ! ,jesuits1 by quick5+ ! /ate ( le>n+1 h done notable s]vice to ! ,roman ,see4 ,:]e=e two pr9cipal s]vices are p]=m$ to religion by human le>n+3 fir/1 ! contemplation ( ,god's works is an effectual inducem5t to ! exaltation ( ,8 glory2 &1 secondly1 true le>n+ is a s+ul> pres]vative aga9/ unbelief & error4 ,to pass n[ to human pro(s ( ! dignity ( le>n+1 we f9d t among ! hea!n ! inv5tors ( new arts1 su* z ,c]es1 ,bac*us1 & ,apollo1 7 consecrat$ among ! gods !mselves by apo!osis4 ,! fable ( ,orpheus1 :]e9 qu>relsome bea/s /ood sociably li/5+ to ! h>p1 aptly describ$ ! nature ( m5 among :om peace is ma9ta9$ s long z !y give e> to precepts1 laws1 & religion4 ,x has be5 said t p w\ld !n be happy1 :5 k+s 7 philosoph]s1 or philosoph]s k+s2 & hi/ory %[s t ! be/ times h ev] be5 "u le>n$ pr9ces4 ,z = ! s]vices ( k to private virtue1 x takes away all levity1 tem]ity1 & insol5ce by copi\s sugge/ion ( all d\bts & difficulties1 & acqua9t+ ! m9d to balance reasons on bo? sides4 ,x takes away va9 admiration ( any?+1 :i* is ! root ( all weakness4 ,no man c m>vel at ! play ( puppets t goes beh9d ! curta94 ,& c]ta9ly1 if a man m$itate mu* ^u ! univ]sal frame ( ,nature1 ! e>? ) m5 ^u x 7! div95ess ( s\ls except7 w n seem mu* o!r ?an an ant-hill1 :]e "s ants c>ry corn1 & "s c>ry _! "y1 & "s g empty1 & all to & fro a little heap ( du/4 ,b especially le>n+ disposes ! m9d to be capable ( gr[? & re=mation4 ,= ! unle>n$ man kn[s n :at x is to desc5d into himself or to call himself to acc\nt1 nor ! pleasure ( feel+ himself ea* day a bett] man ?an he 0 ! day be=e2 he is l an ill m[]1 t m[s on /ill & nev] :ets 8 scy!4 ,k cr[ns man's nature ) p[]4 ,x ev5 gives =tune to p>ticul> p]sons2 & x is h>d to say :e!r arms or le>n+ h advanc$ great] numb]s4 ,z = ! pleasure & delight !re(1 9 k !re is no satiety4 ,x is a pleasure incomp>able1 says ,lucretius1 = ! m9d ( man to be settl$1 l&$1 & =tifi$ 9 ! c]ta9ty ( tru?2 & f !nce to descry ! errors & p]turbations ( o!r m54 ,la/ly1 by le>n+ man excels man 9 t :]e9 man excels bea/s4 ,! great dignity ( k lies 9 immortality or cont9uance1 & ! monum5ts ( le>n+ are m durable ?an ! monum5ts ( p[]4 ,h n ! v]ses ( ,hom] cont9u$ tw5ty-five hundr$ ye>s or m1 )\t ! loss ( a syllable or lett]1 dur+ :i* "t inf9ite palaces1 temples1 ca/les1 cities1 h be5 decay$ & demoli%$8 ,if ! inv5tion ( ! %ip 0 ?\ght s noble1 :i* c>ries ri*es & commodities f place to place1 & consociates ! mo/ remote regions 9 p>ticipation ( _! fruits1 h[ mu* m are lett]s to be magnifi$8 ,popul> & mi/ak5 judgm5ts w cont9ue z !y h ev] be51 b s w t also cont9ue :]eupon le>n+ has ev] reli$1 & :i* fails n4 ,wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( h] *ildr54 ,,second ,,book ,! p>ts ( human le>n+ h ref]5ce to ! ?ree p>ts ( man's und]/&+--hi/ory to 8 memory1 poetry to 8 imag9ation1 & philosophy to 8 reason4 ,div9e le>n+ receives ! same di/ribution1 s t !ology consi/e? ( hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*2 ( p>ables1 :i* are div9e poetry2 & ( holy doctr9e or precept4 ,= prophecy is b div9e hi/ory1 9 :i* ! n>rative is be=e ! fact4 ,hi/ory is natural1 civil1 ecclesia/ical1 & lit]>y 2 :]e( ! fir/ ?ree are extant1 b ! f\r? is defici5t4 ,a true hi/ory ( le>n+ ?r\gh\t ! ages is want+4 ,hi/ory ( ,nature is ( ?ree sorts--( ,nature 9 c\rse1 ( ,nature err+ or v>y+1 & ( ,nature alt]$ or work$2 t is1 hi/ory ( creatures1 hi/ory ( m>vels1 & hi/ory ( arts4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is extant 9 good p]fection2 ! two o!rs are h&l$ s weakly t ,i note !m z defici5t4 ,! hi/ory ( arts is ( great use t[>ds natural philosophy su* z %all be op]ative to ! b5efit ( man's life4 ,civil hi/ory is ( ?ree k9ds3 memorials1 p]fect hi/ories1 & antiquities1 comp>able to unf9i%$1 p]fect & defac$ pictures4 ,j or p]fect hi/ory repres5ts a "t1 a p]son1 or an action4 ,! fir/ we call *ronicles2 ! second1 lives2 & ! ?ird1 n>rations1 or relations4 ,( mod]n hi/ories ! great] "p are b5ea? m$iocrity4 ,annals & j\rnals are a k9d ( hi/ory n to be =gott52 & !re is also rum9at$ hi/ory1 :]e9 political disc\rse & obs]vations are m+l$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ev5ts !mselves4 ,! hi/ory ( cosmography is comp\nd$ ( natural hi/ory1 civil hi/ory1 & ma!matics4 ,ecclesia/ical hi/ory receives ! same divisions ) civil hi/ory1 b may fur!r be divid$ into hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 hi/ory ( prophecy1 & hi/ory ( ,provid5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is n defici5t1 only ,i w\ld t ! s9c]ity ( x 7 proportionate to its mass & quantity4 ,! hi/ory ( prophecy1 sort+ e prophecy ) ! ev5t fulfill+ ! same1 is defici5t2 b ! hi/ory ( ,provid5ce1 & ! notable examples ( ,god's judgm5ts & deliv]ances h pass$ ?r\gh ! lab\r ( _m4 ,orations1 lett]s1 & brief say+s1 or apoph!gms1 are app5dices to hi/ory4 ,?us mu* conc]n+ hi/ory1 :i* answ]s to memory4 ,poetry ref]s to ! imag9ation4 ,9 respect ( its words x is b a "* ( /yle1 b 9 respect ( its matt] x is no?+ else b feign$ hi/ory1 :i* may z well be 9 prose z 9 v]se4 ,! use ( ?is feign$ hi/ory is to give "s %ad[ ( satisfaction to ! m9d ( man 9 ^? po9ts :]e9 ! nature ( ?+s d5ies x2 poetry s]ves magnanimity1 morality1 & delectation4 ,x is divid$ into n>rative1 repres5tative1 & allusive or p>abolical poetry4 ,9 poetry ,i c report no defici5ce2 x has sprung up & spread abroad m ?an any o!r k9d ( le>n+4 ,9 philosophy1 ! contemplations ( man ei!r p5etrate unto ,god1 or are circumf]r$ to ,nature1 or are reflect$ ^u himself2 :5ce arise ?ree kn[l$ges--div9e philosophy1 natural philosophy1 & human philosophy or humanity4 ,b x is good to erect "o univ]sal sci5ce1 ,philosophia ,prima1 primitive or summ>y philosophy1 be=e we come :]e ! ways "p & divide2 & ?is univ]sal philosophy is a receptacle = all su* pr(itable obs]vations & axioms z d n fall )9 ! compass ( any ( ! special p>ts ( philosophy or sci5ces1 b are common & ( a high] /age4 ,div9e philosophy1 or natural !ology1 is t k conc]n+ ,god :i* may be obta9$ by ! contemplation ( ,8 creatures2 & 9 ?is ,i note an excess r ?an a defici5ce1 because ( ! extreme prejudice :i* bo? religion & philosophy h receiv$ by be+ mix$ toge!r1 mak+ an h]etical religion & a fabul\s philosophy4 ,( natural philosophy !re are two p>ts1 ! inquisition ( causes & ! production ( effects2 speculative & op]ative2 natural sci5ce & natural prud5ce4 ,natural sci5ce is divid$ into physic & metaphysic4 ,b s9ce ,i h already def9$ a summ>y philosophy1 &1 aga91 a natural !ology1 bo? ( :i* are commonly conf\nd$ ) metaphysic1 :at is !re rema9+ = metaphysic8 ,?is1 t physic inquires conc]n+ ! mat]ial & effici5t causes1 b metaphysic h&les ! =mal & f9al causes4 ,s physic is 9 a middle t]m betwe5 natural hi/ory & metaphysic2 = natural hi/ory describes ! v>iety ( ?+s1 physic ! v>iable or respective causes1 & metaphysic ! fix$ & con/ant causes4 ,( metaphysic ,i f9d t x is p>tly omitt$ & p>tly misplac$4 ,9 ma!matics1 :i* ,i place z a "p ( metaphysic1 ,i c report no defici5ce4 ,b natural prud5ce1 or ! op]ative "p ( natural philosophy1 is v defici5t4 ,x 7 desirable t !re %\ld be a cal5d> or inv5tory made ( all ! inv5tions :]e( man is possess$1 ) a note ( useful ?+s n yet inv5t$4 ,a cal5d>1 also1 ( d\bts1 & ano!r ( popul> errors1 are to be desir$4 ,we come n[ to ! k ( ourselves--t is1 to human philosophy or humanity4 ,fir/1 a g5]al /udy ( human nature w h reg>d to ! sympa?ies & concordances betwe5 m9d & body4 ,!n1 s9ce ! good ( man's body is ( f\r k9ds--heal?1 beauty1 /r5g?1 & pleasure--! k ( ! body is also ( f\r k9ds--m$ic9e1 decoration or cosmetic1 a?letic1 & ! art voluptu>y4 ,m$ic9e has be5 m pr(ess$ ?an lab\r$1 & m lab\r$ ?an advanc$1 ! lab\r hav+ be5 r 9 circle ?an 9 progression4 ,z = human k conc]n+ ! m9d1 x has two p>ts1 "o inquir+ ( ! sub/ance or nature ( ! s\l1 & ! o!r ( its faculties or functions4 ,i believe t ! fir/ ( ^! may be m s\ndly inquir$ ?an x has be51 yet ,i hold t 9 ! end x mu/ be b\nd$ by religion4 ,x has two app5dices1 conc]n+ div9ation & fasc9ation2 ^! h r vap\r$ =? fables ?an k9dl$ tru?4 ,! k respect+ ! faculties ( ! m9d is ( two k9ds1 ! "o respect+ und]/&+ & reason1 & ! o!r respect+ w1 appetite1 & affection1 ! imag9ation be+ active 9 bo? prov9ces4 ,! intellectual arts are f\r--inquiry or inv5tion1 exam9ation or judgm5t1 cu/ody or memory1 & elocution or tradition2 & ^! are sev]ally divid$ into v>i\s sci5ces & arts4 ,! k ( ! appetite & w1 or moral philosophy1 lead+ to ! culture & regim5t ( ! m9d1 is v defici5t4 ,civil k has ?ree p>ts--conv]sation1 negotiation1 & gov]nm5t--s9ce man seeks 9 society com=t1 use1 & protection4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is well lab\r$1 ! second & ?ird are defici5t4 ,?us we conclude human philosophy1 & turn to ! sacr$ & inspir$ div9ity1 ! port ( all m5's lab\rs & p]egr9ations4 ,sacr$ !ology1 or div9ity1 is gr\nd$ only ^u ! ^w & oracle ( ,god1 & n ^u ! light ( ,nature4 ,h]e9 !re has n be5 suffici5tly inquir$ ! true limits & use ( reason 9 spiritual ?+s4 ,exposition ( ,scriptures1 on ! o!r h&1 is n defici5t4 ,div9ity has f\r ma9 bran*es--fai?1 mann]s1 liturgy1 & gov]nm5t--9 :i* ,i c f9d no gr\nd vacant & uns[n1 s dilig5t h m5 be51 ei!r 9 s[+ ( se$ or t>es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,george ,,b]keley ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,human ,,k ,george ,b]keley1 ! metaphysician1 0 born on ,m>* #ab1 #afhe1 ne> ,?oma/[n1 ,kilk5ny1 ! son ( a collector ( rev5ue4 ,he ent]$ ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 at ! age ( fifte51 & 0 admitt$ ,fell[ 9 #agjg4 ,9 t ye> he publi%$ two ma!matical essays2 two ye>s lat]1 8 ,!ory ( ,vision1 & 9 #agaj 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,human ,k4 ,9 #agac1 9 ,london1 :]e he _h publi%$ fur!r philosophical pap]s1 he =m$ ! acqua9tance ( ,/eele1 ,swift1 & ,pope4 ,aft] travels 9 ,europe he became *apla9 to ! ,"l-,lieut5ant ( ,irel& 9 #agba1 & a few ye>s aft] emigrat$ to ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ) a view to ! e/abli%m5t ( a college 9 ,b]muda = ! education ( ,indians4 ,?is s*eme fell ?r\gh1 because ( ! failure ( ! promis$ gov]nm5t support4 ,b]keley return$ to ,london1 & 9 #agcd1 by desire ( ,que5 ,c>ol9e1 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,cloyne1 9 ,irel&4 ,"h he liv$ until #ageb1 b sp5t 8 la/ mon?s 9 retirem5t at ,ox=d1 :]e he di$ on ,janu>y #ad1 #agec4 ,b]keley's ,pr9ciples ( ,human ,k is "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( t sequ5ce ( metaphysical sy/ems :i*1 beg9n+ ) ,desc>tes1 con/itutes :at is kn[n z mod]n philosophy4 ,i4--,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,p]ception ,x is evid5t to anyone :o takes a survey ( ! objects ( human k t !y are ei!r ideas actually impr9t$ on ! s5ses1 or else su* z are p]ceiv$ by att5d+ to ! passions & op]ations ( ! m9d2 or1 la/ly1 ideas =m$ by help ( memory & imag9ation1 ei!r comp\nd+1 divid+1 or repres5t+ ^? orig9ally p]ceiv$ 9 ! a=esaid ways4 ,by sight1 t\*1 & o!r s5ses1 ,i receive v>i\s s5sations2 & any gr\p ( s5sations1 frequ5tly accompany+ "o ano!r1 come to be kn[n z "o ?+4 ,?us a c]ta9 col\r1 ta/e1 smell1 figure1 & consi/5ce1 hav+ be5 obs]v$ to g toge!r1 are acc\nt$ "o di/9ct ?+--= in/ance1 an apple4 ,b1 besides ?is endless v>iety ( objects ( k1 !re is also ! m9d1 _s1 s\l1 or myself1 :i* p]ceives !m4 ,nei!r our ?\ghts or imag9ations1 nor ev5 ! s5sations :i* compose ! objects ( p]ception1 c exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 a m9d p]ceiv+ !m4 ,x is impossible t objects %\ld h any exi/5ce out ( ! m9ds = :i* !y exi/2 to conceive !m z exi/+ unp]ceiv$ is a m]e ab/raction4 ,:5ce x foll[s t !re is no o!r sub/ance b _s1 or t :i* p]ceives4 ,"s1 inde$1 di/+ui% betwe5 prim>y & second>y qualities1 & hold t ! =m]1 su* z ext5sion1 figure1 motion1 & solidity1 h "s exi/5ce outside ( ! m9d 9 an un?9k+ sub/ance :i* !y call matt]4 ,b ext5sion1 figure1 & motion are only ideas exi/+ 9 ! m9d1 & nei!r ^! ideas nor _! ar*etypes c exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance4 ,! v notion ( :at is call$ matt] involves a contradiction )9 x4 ,n only prim>y & second>y qualities alike1 b also great & small1 swift & sl[1 ext5sion1 numb]1 & ev5 unity itself1 be+ all ( !m purely relative1 exi/ only 9 ! m9d4 ,! conception ( mat]ial sub/ance has no mean+ b t ( be+ 9 g5]al4 ,ev5 if we 7 to give to ! mat]iali/s _! ext]nal bodies1 !y are by _! own confession no ne>] to k h[ our ideas are produc$1 s9ce !y own !mselves unable to compreh5d 9 :at mann] body c act ^u _s1 or h[ x is possible t x %\ld impr9t any idea on ! m9d4 ,x is evid5t t ! production ( ideas 9 our m9ds c be no reason :y we %\ld suppose corporeal sub/ances to exi/1 s9ce ! rise ( ^? ideas is ackn[l$g$ to rema9 equally inexplicable ) or )\t ! supposition ( mat]ial exi/5ces4 ,9 %ort1 if !re 7 ext]nal bodies1 x is impossible t we %\ld ev] come to "k x2 & if !re 7 n1 we %\ld h ! same reasons to ?9k !re 71 t we h n[4 ,we p]ceive a cont9ual succession ( ideas2 "s are anew excit$1 o!rs are *ang$ or totally disappe>4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 "s cause ( ^! ideas1 :]eon !y dep5d1 :i* produces & *anges !m4 ,?is cause mu/ be a sub/ance2 b x has be5 %[n t !re is no corporeal or mat]ial sub/ance4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t ! cause ( ideas is an incorporeal active sub/ance or _s4 ,a _s is "o simple1 undivid$1 active be+2 z x p]ceives ideas x is call$ ! und]/&+1 & z x produces or o!rwise op]ates ab\t !m1 x is call$ ! w4 ,su* is ! nature ( _s t x _c be ( itself p]ceiv$1 b only by ! effects :i* x produce?4 ,! ideas ( s5se are m /rong1 lively1 & di/9ct ?an ^? ( ! imag9ation2 !y h likewise a /ead9ess1 ord]1 & coh]5ce1 & are excit$ 9 a regul> s]ies1 ! admirable connection :]e( suffici5tly te/ifies ! wisdom & b5evol5ce ( its ,au?or4 ,! set rules or e/abli%$ me?ods1 :]e9 ! m9d t we dep5d on excites 9 u ! ideas ( s5se1 are call$ ! laws ( ,nature4 ,^! we le>n by exp]i5ce1 & s obta9 a sort ( =esight :i* enables u to regulate our actions = ! b5efit ( life4 ,9 g5]al1 to obta9 su* or su* ends su* or su* means are conducive2 & all ?is we "k1 n by discov]+ any necess>y connection betwe5 our ideas1 b only by ! obs]vation ( ! laws ( ,nature4 ,& yet ?is con/ant uni=m work+1 :i* s evid5tly displays ! goodness & wisdom ( t gov]n+ _s ^: w con/itutes ! laws ( ,nature1 is s f> f lead+ our ?\ghts to ,him t x r s5ds !m w&]+ aft] second causes4 ,= :5 we p]ceive c]ta9 ideas ( s5se con/antly foll[$ by o!r ideas1 & we "k t x is n ( our own do+1 we =?) attribute p[] & ag5cy to ! ideas !mselves1 & make "o ! cause ( ano!r1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m absurd4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,roots ,,( ,,scepticism ,sev]al difficult & obscure que/ions1 on :i* abundance ( speculation ha? be5 ?r[n away1 are by our own pr9ciples entirely bani%$ f philosophy4 ,:e!r corporeal sub/ance c ?9k1 :e!r matt] be inf9itely divisible1 h[ matt] op]ates on _s--^! & ! l inquiries h giv5 inf9fte amusem5t to philosoph]s 9 all ages4 ,b s9ce !y dep5d on ! exi/5ce ( matt]1 !y h no long] any place 9 our pr9ciples4 ,x foll[s1 also1 t human k may be r$uc$ to two heads--k ( ideas1 & k ( spirits4 ,our k ( ! =m] ha? be5 mu* obscur$ & conf\nd$1 & we h be5 l$ into v dang]\s errors1 by suppos+ a tw(old exi/5ce ( ! objects ( s5se1 ! "o intelligible1 or 9 ! m9d1 ! o!r real1 & )\t ! m9d2 :]eby un?9k+ ?+s are ?\ght to h a natural subsi/5ce ( _! own1 di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by spirits4 ,?is is ! v root ( scepticism2 = s long z m5 ?\ght t real ?+s subsi/$ )\t ! m9d1 & t _! k 0 only s f> real z x 0 con=mable to real ?+s1 !y c\ld n be c]ta9 t !y _h any real k at all4 ,s long z we attribute a real exi/5ce to un?9k+ ?+s1 di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$1 x is n only impossible = u to "k ! nature ( any real un?9k+ be+1 b x is impossible = u ev5 to "k t x exi/s4 ,h5ce x is t we see philosoph]s di/ru/ _! s5ses1 & d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( heav5 & e>?1 ( ev]y?+ !y see or feel4 ,b all ?is d\btfulness1 :i* s bewild]s & conf\nds ! m9d1 vani%es if we annex a mean+ to our words & d n amuse ourselves ) ! t]ms absolute1 ext]nal1 exi/1 & su* l1 signify+ we "k n :at4 ,i c z well d\bt ( my own be+ z ( ! be+ ( ^? ?+s :i* ,i p]ceive by s5se2 ! v exi/5ce ( un?9k+ be+s consi/s 9 _! be+ p]ceiv$4 ,x 7 a mi/ake to ?9k t :at is "h said d]ogates 9 ! lea/ f ! reality ( ?+s4 ,! un?9k+ be+s p]ceiv$ by s5se exi/ 9 ^? unext5d$1 indivisible sub/ances1 or spirits1 :i* act1 ?9k1 & p]ceive !m2 :]eas philosoph]s vulg>ly hold t ! s5sible qualities exi/ 9 an in]t1 ext5d$1 unp]ceiv+ sub/ance1 :i* !y call matt]1 to :i* !y attribute a natural subsi/5ce di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by any m9d :atsoev]1 ev5 ! et]nal m9d ( ! ,creator4 ,z we h %[n ! doctr9e ( matt] to h be5 ! ma9 support ( scepticism1 s likewise ^u ! same f\ndation h be5 rais$ all ! impi\s s*emes ( a!ism & irreligion4 ,all ^! mon/r\s sy/ems h s visible & necess>y a dep5d5ce on ?is suppos$ mat]ial sub/ance t1 :5 ?is corn]/one is once remov$1 ! :ole fabric _c *oose b fall to ! gr\nd4 ,on ! same pr9ciple does n only fatalism b also idolatry dep5d 9 all its v>y+ =ms4 ,did m5 b consid] t ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 & e o!r object ( ! s5ses1 are only s _m s5sations 9 _! m9ds1 :i* h no o!r exi/5ce b b>ely be+ p]ceiv$1 !y w\ld nev] fall d[n & wor%ip _! own ideas1 b r address _! homage to t ,et]nal ,invisible ,m9d :i* produces & su/a9s all ?+s4 ,z 9 read+ books1 a wise man w *oose to fix 8 ?\ghts on ! s5se r ?an lay !m out on grammatical rem>ks2 s1 9 p]us+ ! volume ( ,nature1 x seems b5ea? ! dignity ( ! m9d to affect an exactness 9 r$uc+ ea* p>ticul> ph5om5on to g5]al rules1 or %[+ h[ x foll[s f !m4 ,we %\ld propose to ourselves nobl] views1 su* z to recreate & exalt ! m9d1 ) a prospect ( ! beauty1 ord]1 ext5t1 & v>iety1 ( natural ?+s2 h5ce1 by prop] inf]5ces1 to enl>ge our notions ( ! gr&eur1 wisdom1 & b5efic5ce ( ! ,creator4 ,! reason t is assign$ = our be+ ?\ght ignorant ( ! nature ( spirits is our n hav+ an idea ( !m4 ,b x is manife/ly impossible t !re %\ld be any su* idea4 ,a _s is ! only sub/ance or support :]e9 ! un?9k+ be+s or ideas c exi/2 b t ?is sub/ance :i* supports or p]ceives ideas %\ld itself be an idea is absurd4 ,f ! op9ion t spirits are to be kn[n aft] ! mann] ( an idea or s5sation h aris5 _m het]odox t5ets & mu* scepticism ab\t ! nature ( ! s\l4 ,x is ev5 probable t ?is op9ion may h produc$ a d\bt 9 "s :e!r !y _h any s\l at all di/9ct f _! body1 s9ce !y c\ld n f9d t !y _h an idea ( x4 ,b ! _s is a real ?+1 :i* is nei!r an idea nor l an idea4 ,:at ,i am myself1 t :i* ,i d5ote by ! t]m ,i1 is :at we mean by s\l or spiritual sub/ance2 & we "k o!r spirits by means ( our own s\l1 :i* 9 t s5se is an image or idea ( !m4 ,by ! natural immortality ( ! s\l we mean t x is n liable to be ei!r brok5 or dissolv$ by ! ord9>y laws ( ,nature or motion4 ,! s\l itself is indivisible1 incorporeal1 unext5d$1 & is consequ5tly incorruptible4 ,,iii4--,,our ,,k ,,( ,,god ,?\gh !re be "s ?+s :i* conv9ce u t human ag5ts are conc]n$ 9 produc+ !m1 yet x is evid5t to ev]yone t ^? ?+s :i* are call$ ! works ( ,nature--t is1 ! f> great] "p ( ! ideas or s5sations p]ceiv$ by u--are n produc$ by1 nor dep5d5t on1 ! wills ( m54 ,!re is1 !re=e1 "s o!r _s t causes !m1 s9ce !y _c subsi/ !mselves4 ,if we att5tively consid] ! con/ant regul>ity1 ord]1 & concat5ation ( natural ?+s1 ! surpris+ magnific5ce1 beauty1 & p]fection ( ! l>g]1 & ! exquisite contrivance ( ! small] p>ts toge!r ) ! exact h>mony & correspond5ce ( ! :ole--,i say1 if we consid] all ^! ?+s1 & at ! same "t att5d to ! import ( ! attributes1 "o et]nal1 inf9itely wise1 good1 & p]fect1 we %all cle>ly p]ceive t !y belong to ! a=esaid ,_s1 :o works all 9 all1 & by :om all ?+s consi/4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ,god is kn[n z c]ta9ly & imm$iately z any o!r m9d or _s :atsoev]1 di/9ct f ourselves4 ,we may ev5 ass]t t ! exi/5ce ( ,god is f> m evid5tly p]ceiv$ ?an ! exi/5ce ( m51 because ! effects ( ,nature are inf9itely m num]\s & consid]able ?an ^? ascrib$ to human ag5ts4 ,!re is n any "o m>k t d5otes a man1 or effect produc$ by him1 :i* does n m /rongly ev9ce ! be+ ( t ,_s :o is ! ,au?or ( ,nature4 ,x seems to be a g5]al pret5ce ( ! un?9k+ h]d t !y _c see ,god4 ,c\ld we b see ,him1 say !y1 z we see a man1 we %\ld believe t ,he is1 &1 believ+1 obey ,8 comm&s4 ,b we ne$ only op5 our eyes to see ! sov]eign ,"l ( all ?+s ) a m full & cle> view ?an we d any "o ( our fell[-creatures4 ,we d n see a man1 if by man is meant t :i* lives1 moves1 p]ceives1 & ?9ks z we d2 b only su* a collection ( ideas z directs u to ?9k !re is a di/9ct pr9ciple ( ?\ght & motion l to ourselves1 accompany+ & repres5t$ by x4 ,& aft] ! same mann] we see ,god4 ,m5 are surr\nd$ ) su* cle> manife/ations ( ,deity1 yet are s little affect$ by !m t !y seem1 z x 71 bl9d$ ) excess ( light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,desc>tes ,,disc\rse ,,on ,,me?od ,r5 ,desc>tes 0 born ,m>* #ca1 #aeif1 at ,la ,haye1 9 ! anci5t prov9ce ( ,t\ra9e1 ,france1 ( a noble family ( ,t\ra9e2 & 0 educat$ at ! ,college ( ,la ,fl*e by ! ,jesuits4 ,! decisive crisis ( 8 life arriv$ 9 #afai1 :ile he 0 s]v+ z a volunte] ) ,pr9ce ,maurice ( ,nassau1 & ! next n9e ye>s may be reg>d$ z ! p]iod ( 8 =mation4 ,! mo/ fruitful ye>s ( 8 life 7 sp5t 9 ,holl&1 :5ce he made occasional excursions into ,france1 & p]haps paid a visit to ,engl&4 ,9 #afcc he f9i%$ 8 treatise on ,! ,_w2 or on ,light1 an epitome ( 8 ,physics1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he deem$ x wise1 9 view ( ,galileo's fate1 to )hold f publication dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,besides ! ,disc\rse on ,me?od 7#afcg71 ) ! treatises on dioptrics1 meteors1 & geometry1 8 pr9cipal works 7 8 ,m$itations address$ to ! ,deans ( ! ,faculty ( ,!ology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is2 ! ,pr9cipia ,philosophiae1 & ! ,trait des ,passions de ,l',ame1 9 :i*1 he h&l$ morals4 ,desc>tes di$ at ,/ockholm1 :i!r he _h be5 summon$ by ,que5 ,*ri/9a1 on ,febru>y #aa1 #afdi4 ,8 "w /&s a l&m>k 9 ! mod]n hi/ory ( philosophic ?\ght4 ,i4--,,! ,,aim ,,( ,,?is ,,disc\rse ,good s5se or reason mu/ be bett] di/ribut$ ?an any?+ else 9 ! _w1 = no man desires m ( x ?an he already has4 ,?is %[s t reason is by nature equal 9 all m54 ,if !re is div]sity ( op9ion1 ?is arises f ! fact t we conduct our ?\ght by diff]5t ways1 & consid] n ! same ?+s4 ,x does n suffice t ! und]/&+ be good--x mu/ be well appli$4 ,my m9d is no bett] ?an ano!r's1 b ,i h be5 lucky en\gh to *ance on c]ta9 ways1 :i* h l$ me to a c]ta9 me?od by means ( :i* x seems to me t ,i may by degrees augm5t my k to ! mode/ measure ( my intellect & my l5g? ( days4 ,i %all be v glad to make pla9 9 ?is disc\rse ! pa?s ,i h foll[$1 & to picture my life s t all may judge ( x1 & by ! sett+ =? ( _! op9ions may furni% me ) yet o!r means ( improvem5t4 ,x is my design n to tea* ! me?od :i* ea* man ought to foll[ = ! "r guidance ( 8 reason1 b only to %[ 9 :at mann] ,i h tri$ to conduct my own4 ,i _h be5 n\ri%$ on lett]s f my infancy1 b z soon z ,i _h f9i%$ ! cu/om>y c\rse ( /udy1 ,i f\nd myself hamp]$ by s _m d\bts & errors t ,i seem$ to h reap$ no b5efits1 except t ,i _h obs]v$ m & m ( my ignorance3 ,yet ,i 0 at "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ s*ools 9 ,europe1 & ,i 0 n held inf]ior to my fell[-/ud5ts1 "s ( :om 7 de/9$ to take ! place ( our ma/]s2 nor did our age seem less fruitful ( good wits ?an any :i* _h gone be=e4 ,?\gh ,i did n cease to e/eem ! /udies ( ! s*ools1 ,i began to ?9k t ,i _h giv5 en\gh "t to languages1 en\gh also to anci5t books1 _! /ories & _! fables2 = :5 a man sp5ds too mu* "t 9 travell+ abroad he becomes a /rang] 9 8 own c\ntry2 & s1 :5 he is too curi\s conc]n+ :at w5t on 9 pa/ ages1 he is apt to rema9 ignorant ( :at is tak+ place 9 8 own day4 ,i set a high price on eloqu5ce1 & ,i 0 9 love ) poetry2 above all1 ,i rejoic$ 9 ma!matics1 b ,i knew no?+ ( its true use4 ,i rev]$ our !ology1 b1 s9ce ! way to heav5 lies op5 to ! ignorant no less ?an to ! le>n$1 & ! reveal$ tru?s :i* lead ?i!r are beyond our intellig5ce1 ,i did n d>e to submit !m to my feeble reason+s4 ,9 philosophy !re is no tru? :i* is n disput$1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 is n d\btful2 &1 z to ! o!r sci5ces1 !y all borr[ _! pr9ciples f philosophy4 ,!re=e1 ,i entirely gave up ! /udy ( lett]s1 & employ$ ! re/ ( my y\? 9 travell+1 be+ resolv$ to seek no o!r sci5ce ?an t :i* ,i might f9d )9 myself1 or 9 ! ,great ,book ( ! ,_w4 ,"h ! be/ lesson t ,i le>n$ 0 n to believe too firmly any?+ ( :i* ,i _h le>nt m]ely by example & cu/om2 & ?us little by little 0 deliv]$ f _m errors :i* are liable to obscure ! light ( nature1 & to dim9i% our capacity ( he>+ reason4 ,f9ally1 ,i resolv$ "o day to /udy myself 9 ! same way1 & 9 ?is x seems to me ,i succe$$ mu* bett] ?an if ,i _h nev] dep>t$ f ei!r my c\ntry or my books4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,intellectual ,,crisis ,be+ 9 ,g]many1 on my way to rejo9 ! army aft] ! coronation ( ! ,emp]or ,f]d9& ,,ii41 ,i 0 ly+ at an inn :]e1 9 default ( o!r conv]sation1 ,i 0 at lib]ty to ent]ta9 my own ?\ghts4 ,( ^!1 "o ( ! fir/ 0 t (t5 !re is less p]fection 9 works :i* are composite ?an 9 ^? :i* issue f a s+le h&4 ,su* 0 ! case ) build+s1 cities1 /ates2 = a p :i* has made its laws f "t to "t to meet p>ticul> occasions w enjoy a less p]fect polity ?an a p :i* f ! beg9n+ has obs]v$ ! con/itution ( a f>-sight$ legislator4 ,?is is v c]ta91 t ! e/ate ( true religion1 :i* ,god alone has orda9$1 mu/ be incomp>ably bett] guid$ ?an any o!r4 ,& aga91 ,i consid]$ t z1 dur+ our *ildhood1 we _h be5 gov]n$ by our appetites & our tutors1 :i* are (t5 at v>iance1 :i* nei!r ( !m p]haps always gave u ! be/ c\nsel1 x is almo/ impossible t our judgm5ts %\ld be s pure & s solid z !y w\ld h be5 if we _h _h ! p]fect use ( our reason f ! "t ( our bir?1 & _h nev] be5 guid$ by any?+ else4 ,h5ce1 z reg>d$ ! op9ions t ,i _h receiv$ into my belief1 ,i ?\ght t1 z a private p]son may pull d[n 8 own h\se to build a f9]1 s ,i c\ld n d bett] ?an remove !m !refrom 9 ord] to replace !m by s\nd]1 or1 aft] ,i %\ld h adju/$ !m to ! level ( reason1 to e/abli% ! same once m4 ,:5 ,i 0 y\ng] ,i _h /udi$ logic1 analytical geometry1 & algebra4 ,( ^!1 ,i f\nd t logic s]v$ r = expla9+ ?+s we already "k2 :ile ( geometry & algebra1 ! =m] is s ti$ to ! consid]ation ( figures t x _c ex]cise ! und]/&+ )\t we>y+ ! imag9ation1 & ! latt] is s b\nd d[n to c]ta9 rules & ciph]s t x has be5 made a confus$ & obscure art :i* hamp]s ! m9d in/ead ( a sci5ce :i* cultivates x4 ,& z a /ate is bett] gov]n$ :i* has b few laws1 & ^? laws /rictly obs]v$1 ,i believ$ t ,i %\ld f9d suffici5t f\r precepts :i* foll[4 ,! fir/ 0 nev] to accept any?+ z true :5 ,i did n recognise x cle>ly to be s--t is to say1 c>efully to avoid precipitation & prejudice1 b to include 9 my op9ions no?+ beyond t :i* %\ld pres5t itself s cle>ly & di/9ctly to my m9d t ,i might h no occasion to d\bt x4 ,! second 0 to divide up ! difficulties :i* ,i %\ld exam9e into z _m p>ts z possible1 & z %\ld be requir$ = _! bett] solution4 ,! ?ird 0 to conduct my ?\ghts 9 ord]1 by beg9n+ ) ! simple/ objects & ^? mo/ easy to "k1 s z to m\nt little by little1 by /ages1 to ! mo/ complex k1 ev5 suppos+ an ord] among ?+s :i* did n naturally /& 9 an ord] ( antec$5t & consequ5t4 ,& ! la/ 0 to make ev]y:]e enum]ations s complete1 & surveys s wide1 t ,i %\ld be sure ( omitt+ no?+4 ,exact obs]vation ( ^! precepts gave me su* facility 9 unravell+ ! que/ions compreh5d$ 9 geometrical analysis & 9 algebra1 t 9 two or ?ree mon?s n only did ,i f9d my way ?r\gh _m :i* ,i _h =m]ly acc\nt$ too h>d = me1 b1 t[>ds ! end1 ,i seem$ to be able to det]m9e1 9 ^? :i* 7 new to me1 by :at means & to :at ext5t x 0 possible to resolve !m4 ,& s ,i promis$ myself t ,i w\ld apply my sy/em ) equal success to ! difficulties ( o!r sci5ces2 b s9ce _! pr9ciples mu/ all be borr[$ f philosophy1 9 :i* ,i f\nd no c]ta9 pr9ciples ( its own1 ,i ?\ght t be=e all else ,i mu/ try to e/abli% "s !re94 ,by way ( prep>ation 7= ,i 0 !n b tw5ty-?ree ye>s old7 ,i mu/ root up f my m9d my previ\s bad op9ion ( x1 & mu/ practise my me?od 9 ord] t ,i might be confirm$ 9 x m & m4 ,,iii4--,a ,,rule ,,( ,,life ,mean:ile ,i mu/ h a rule ( life z a %elt] :ile my new h\se 0 9 build+1 & ?is consi/$ ( ?ree or f\r maxims4 ,! fir/ 0 to con=m myself to ! laws & cu/oms ( my c\ntry1 & to hold to ! religion 9 :i*1 by ,god's grace1 ,i _h be5 br\ght up2 guid+ myself1 = ! re/1 by ! lea/ extreme op9ions ( ! mo/ intellig5t4 ,among extremes ,i c\nt$ all promises by :i* a man curtails any?+ ( 8 lib]ty2 = ,i %\ld h deem$ x a grave fault aga9/ good s5se if1 because ,i approv$ some?+ 9 a giv5 mom5t1 ,i _h b\nd myself to accept x z good = ev] aft]4 ,my second maxim 0 to foll[ resolutely ev5 d\btful op9ions :5 sure op9ions 7 n available1 j z ! travell]1 lo/ 9 "s =e/1 _h bett] walk /raight =w>d1 ?\gh 9 a *ance direction2 = ?us he w arrive1 if n precisely at ! place :]e he desires to be1 at lea/ probably at a bett] place ?an ! middle ( a =e/4 ,my ?ird maxim 0 to endeav\r always to conqu] myself r ?an =tune1 & to *ange my desires r ?an ! ord] ( ! _w1 & 9 g5]al to br+ myself to believe t !re is no?+ :olly 9 our p[] except our ?\ghts4 ,& ,i believe t h]e9 lay ! secret ( ^? philosoph]s :o1 9 ! days ( old1 c\ld )draw f ! dom9ation ( =tune1 &1 despite pa9 & pov]ty1 *all5ge ! felicity ( _! gods4 ,f9ally1 aft] look+ out ^u ! div]s occupations ( m51 ,i pond]$ t ,i c\ld d no bett] ?an p]sev]e 9 t :i* ,i _h *os5--s deep 0 my cont5t 9 discov]+ e day by its means tru?s :i* seem$ to me important1 yet 7 unkn[n to ! _w4 ,hav+ ?us made myself sure ( ^! maxims1 & hav+ set !m ap>t toge!r ) ! v]ities ( fai?1 ,i judg$ t = ! re/ ( my op9ions ,i might set freely to "w to dive/ myself ( !m4 ,= n9e ye>s1 !re=e1 ,i w5t up & d[n ! _w a spectator r ?an an actor4 ,^! n9e ye>s slipp$ away be=e ,i _h begun to seek = ! f\ndations ( any philosophy m c]ta91 nor p]haps %\ld ,i h d>$ to und]take ! que/ _h x n be5 put ab\t t ,i _h already succe$$4 ,,iv4--,i ,,?9k1 ,,!re=e ,i ,,am ,i _h long s9ce rem>k$ t 9 matt]s ( conduct x is necess>y sometimes to foll[ op9ions kn[n to be unc]ta91 z if !y 7 n subject to d\bt2 b1 because n[ ,i 0 desir\s to devote myself to ! se>* aft] tru?1 ,i consid]$ t ,i mu/ d j ! contr>y1 & reject z absolutely false ev]y?+ conc]n+ :i* ,i c\ld imag9e ! lea/ d\bt to exi/4 ,?us1 because our s5ses sometimes deceive u ,i w\ld suppose t no?+ is su* z !y make u to imag9e x2 & because ,i 0 z likely to err z ano!r 9 reason+1 ,i reject$ z false all ! reasons :i* ,i _h =m]ly accept$ z demon/rative2 & f9ally1 consid]+ t all ! ?\ghts we h :5 awake c come to u also :5 we sleep )\t any ( !m be+ true1 ,i resolv$ to feign t ev]y?+ :i* _h ev] ent]$ into my m9d 0 no m tru? ?an ! illusion ( my dreams4 ,b ,i obs]v$ t1 :ile ,i 0 ?us resolv$ to feign t ev]y?+ 0 false1 ,i :o ?\ght mu/ ( necessity be some:at2 & rem>k+ ?is tru?--,i ?9k1 !re=e ,i am--0 s firm & s assur$ t all ! mo/ extravagant suppositions ( ! sceptics 7 unable to %ake x1 ,i judg$ t ,i c\ld unhesitat+ly accept x z ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ! philosophy ,i 0 seek+4 ,i c\ld feign t !re 0 no _w1 ,i c\ld n feign t ,i did n exi/4 ,& ,i judg$ t ,i might take x z a g5]al rule t ! ?+s :i* we conceive v cle>ly & v di/9ctly are all true1 & t ! only difficulty lies 9 ! way ( disc]n+ :i* ^? ?+s are t we conceive di/9ctly4 ,aft] ?is1 reflect+ ^u ! fact t ,i d\bt$1 & t consequ5tly my be+ 0 n q p]fect$ 7= ,i saw t to "k is a great] p]fection ?an to d\bt71 ,i be?\ght me to inquire :5ce ,i _h le>n$ to ?9k ( some?+ m p]fect ?an myself2 & x 0 cle> to me t ?is mu/ come f "s nature :i* 0 9 fact m p]fect4 ,= o!r ?+s ,i c\ld reg>d z dep5d5cies ( my nature if !y 7 real1 & if !y 7 n real !y might proce$ f no?+--t is to say1 !y might exi/ 9 me by way ( defect4 ,b x c\ld n be ! same ) ! idea ( a be+ m p]fect ?an my own2 = to d]ive x f no?+ 0 manife/ly impossible2 &1 because x is no less repugnant t ! m p]fect %\ld foll[ & dep5d ^u ! less p]fect ?an t some?+ %\ld come =? out ( no?+1 ,i c\ld n d]ive x f myself4 ,x rema9$1 !n1 to conclude t x 0 put into me by a nature truly m p]fect ?an 0 ,i1 & possess+ 9 itself all ! p]fections ( :at ,i c\ld =m an idea--9 a ^w1 by ,god4 ,to :i* ,i add$ t1 s9ce ,i knew "s p]fections :i* ,i did n possess1 ,i 0 n ! only be+ :o exi/$1 b t !re mu/ ( necessity be "s o!r be+1 m p]fect1 on :om ,i dep5d$1 & f :om ,i _h acquir$ all t ,i possess$2 = if ,i _h exi/$ alone & indep5d5t ( all o!r1 s t ,i _h ( myself all ?is little :]eby ,i p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,p]fect ,be+1 ,i %\ld h be5 able to h 9 myself all ^? o!r qualities :i* ,i knew myself to lack1 & s to be inf9ite1 et]nal1 immutable1 omnisci5t1 almighty--9 f9e1 to possess all ! p]fections :i* ,i c\ld obs]ve 9 ,god4 ,propos+ to myself ! geomet]'s subject matt]1 & !n turn+ aga9 to exam9e my idea ( a ,p]fect ,be+1 ,i f\nd t exi/5ce 0 compreh5d$ 9 t idea j z1 9 ! idea ( a triangle is compreh5d$ ! notion t ! sum ( its angles is equal to two "r angles2 & t consequ5tly x is z c]ta9 t ,god1 ?is ,p]fect ,be+1 is or exi/s1 z any geometrical demon/ration c\ld be4 ,t !re are _m :o p]suade !mselves t !re is a difficulty 9 kn[+ ,him is due to ! s*ola/ic maxim t !re is no?+ 9 ! und]/&+ :i* has n fir/ be5 9 ! s5ses2 :]e ! ideas ( ,god & ! s\l h nev] be54 ,?an ! exi/5ce ( ,god all o!r ?+s1 ev5 ^? :i* x seems to a man extravagant to d\bt1 su* z 8 hav+ a body1 are less c]ta94 ,nor is !re any reason suffici5t to remove su* d\bt b su* z presupposes ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,f ,8 exi/5ce x foll[s t our ideas or notions1 be+ real ?+s1 & com+ f ,god1 _c b be true 9 s f> z !y are cle> & di/9ct4 ,9 s f> z !y conta9 falsity1 !y are confus$ & obscure1 !re is 9 !m an elem5t ( m]e negation 7elles p>ticip5t du nant72 t is to say1 !y are ?us confus$ 9 u because we ourselves are n all p]fect4 ,& x is evid5t t falsity or imp]fection c no m come =? f ,god ?an c p]fection proce$ f no?+ness4 ,b1 did we n "k t all :i* is 9 u ( ! real & ! true comes f a p]fect & inf9ite be+1 h[ev] cle> & di/9ct our ideas might be1 we %\ld h no reason = assurance t !y possess$ ! f9al p]fection--tru?4 ,reason in/ructs u t all our ideas mu/ h "s f\ndation ( tru?1 = x c\ld n be t ! ,all-,p]fect & ! ,all-,true %\ld o!rwise h put !m into u2 & because our reason+s are nev] s evid5t or s complete :5 we sleep z :5 we wake1 al?\gh sometimes dur+ sleep our imag9ation may be m vivid & positive1 x also in/ructs u t su* tru? z our ?\ghts h w assur$ly be 9 our wak+ ?\ghts r ?an 9 our dreams4 ,v4--,,:y ,i ,,d ,,n ,,publi% ,,! ,,_w ,i h always rema9$ firm 9 my resolve to assume no o!r pr9ciple ?an t :i* ,i h us$ to demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ( ! s\l1 & to receive no?+ :i* did n seem to me cle>] & m c]ta9 ?an ! demon/rations ( ! philosoph]s _h seem$ be=e2 yet n only h ,i f\nd means ( satisfy+ myself ) reg>d to ! pr9cipal difficulties :i* are usually treat$ ( 9 philosophy1 b also ,i h rem>k$ c]ta9 laws :i* ,god has s e/abli%$ 9 nature1 & ( :i* ,he has implant$ su* notions 9 our s\ls1 t we _c d\bt t !y are obs]v$ 9 all :i* happ5s 9 ! _w4 ,! pr9cipal tru?s :i* fl[ f ^! ,i h tri$ to unfold 9 a treatise 7,on ! ,_w1 or on ,light71 :i* c]ta9 consid]ations prev5t me f publi%+4 ,?is ,i conclud$ ?ree ye>s ago1 & _h begun to revise x = ! pr9t] :5 ,i le>n$ t c]ta9 p]sons to :om ,i def] _h disapprov$ an op9ion on physics publi%$ a %ort "t be=e by a c]ta9 p]son ,galileo1 condemn$ by ! ,roman ,inquisition 9 #afcc1 9 :i* op9ion ,i _h notic$ no?+ prejudicial to religion2 & ?is made me fe> t !re might be "s among my op9ions 9 :i* ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,i n[ believe t ,i ought to cont9ue to write all ! ?+s :i* ,i judge ( importance1 b ought 9 no wise to cons5t to _! publication dur+ my life4 ,= my exp]i5ce ( ! objections :i* might be made =bids me to hope = any pr(it f !m4 ,i h tri$ bo? fri5ds & enemies1 yet x has seldom happ5$ t !y h (f]$ any objection :i* ,i _h n 9 "s measure =ese52 s t ,i h nev]1 ,i may say1 f\nd a critic :o did n seem to be ei!r less rigor\s or less fair-m9d$ ?an myself4 ,:]eupon ,i gladly take ?is opportunity to beg ^? :o %all come aft] u nev] to believe t ! ?+s :i* !y are told come f me unless ,i h divulg$ !m myself2 & ,i am 9 n[ise a/oni%$ at ! extravagances attribut$ to ^? old philosoph]s ^: writ+s h n come d[n to u4 ,!y 7 ! greate/ m9ds ( _! "t1 b h be5 ill-report$4 ,:y1 ,i am sure t ! mo/ devot$ ( ^? :o n[ foll[ ,ari/otle w\ld e/eem !mselves happy if !y _h z mu* k ( nature z he _h1 ev5 on ! condition t !y %\ld nev] h m6 ,!y are l ivy1 :i* nev] m\nts high] ?an ! trees :i* support x1 & :i* ev5 comes d[n aga9 aft] x has atta9$ _! summit4 ,s at lea/1 x seems to me1 d !y :o1 n cont5t ) kn[+ all t is expla9$ by _! au?or1 w\ld f9d 9 him ! solution also ( _m difficulties ( :i* he says no?+1 & ( :i*1 p]haps1 he nev] ?\ght4 ,yet _! me?od ( philosophis+ is v conv5i5t = ^? :o h b middl+ m9ds1 = ! obscurity ( ! di/9ctions & pr9ciples :i* !y employ enables !m to speak ( all ?+s z boldly z if !y _h k ( !m1 & su/a9 all !y h to say aga9/ ! mo/ subtle & skilful )\t !re be+ any means ( conv9c+ !m2 :]e9 !y seem to me l a bl9d man :o1 9 ord] to fight on equal t]ms ) a man :o has 8 sight1 invites him into ! dep?s ( a cav]n4 ,& ,i may say t x is to _! int]e/ t ,i %\ld ab/a9 f publi%+ ! pr9ciples ( ! philosophy :i* ,i employ1 = s simple & s evid5t are !y t to publi% !m w\ld be l op5+ w9d[s into _! cav]ns & lett+ 9 ! day4 ,b if !y pref] acqua9tance ) a little tru?1 & desire to foll[ a plan l m9e1 !re is no ne$ = me to say to !m any m 9 ?is disc\rse ?an ,i h already said4 ,= if !y are capable ( pass+ beyond :at ,i h done1 mu* r w !y be able to discov] = !mselves :atev] ,i believe myself to h f\nd out2 besides :i*1 ! practice :i* !y w acquire 9 seek+ out easy ?+s & !nce pass+ to o!rs :i* are m difficult1 w /ead !m bett] ?an all my in/ructions4 ,b if "s ( ! matt]s spok5 ab\t at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,dioptrics & ! ,meteors publi%$ ) ! ,disc\rse on ,me?od %\ld at fir/ give (f5ce because ,i h call$ !m suppositions1 & h %[n no desire to prove !m1 let ! read] h pati5ce to read ! :ole att5tively1 & ,i h hope t he w be satisfi$4 ,! "t rema9+ to me ,i h resolv$ to employ 9 try+ to acquire "s k ( nature1 su* t we may be able to draw f x m c]ta9 rules = m$ic9e ?an ^? :i* up to ! pres5t we possess4 ,& ,i h]eby decl>e t ,i %all always hold myself m oblig$ to ^? by ^: fav\r ,i enjoy my leisure undi/urb$ ?an ,i %\ld be to any :o %\ld (f] me ! mo/ e/eem$ employm5ts 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son ,,nature ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son1 ! ,am]ican writ] & morali/1 0 born at ,bo/on on ,may #be1 #ahjc1 ( ,engli% /ock & a family ( prea*]s4 ,he 0 educat$ at ,h>v>d = ! ,unit>ian m9i/ry1 & became a settl$ pa/or 9 ,bo/on be=e he 0 tw5ty-six4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he resign$ 8 *>ge ow+ to !ological disagreem5ts4 ,9 #ahcc he visit$ ,europe & ,engl& z a h]o wor%ipp]1 8 desire be+ to meet ,l&or1 ,col]idge1 ,wordswor?1 & ,c>lyle4 ,he saw !m all1 & =m$ a lifelong fri5d%ip ) ,c>lyle4 ,return+ to ,am]ica1 he settl$ at ,concord1 :]e he liv$ till 8 dea?1 on ,april4 #bg1 #ahhb4 ,8 public "w took ! =m ( lectures1 ( :i* 8 books are reproductions4 ,9 #ahcf he publi%$ 8 fir/ book1 ,nature1 anonym\sly4 ,nature 0 ! g]m essay f :i* all ,em]son's lat] "w sprang1 a fir/ expression ( ?\ghts t 7 exp&$ & develop$ lat]4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #ahcf1 :5 its writ] 0 ?irty-?ree ye>s ( age1 & kn[n only z a prea*] :o _h become a lectur]4 ,already ,em]son _h adopt$ ! me?ods ( a se] r ?an ^? ( ! consecutive ?9k]4 ,nature 0 "o ( ! fir/-writt5 books ( great writ]s t made a deep impression on ! und]/&+ few1 b _h only a few read]s4 ,x presag$ ! greatness to be2 & inde$ its poetical quality c>ries a *>m1 :i* ,em]son sometimes fail$ to reproduce & nev] aft]w>ds surpass$4 ,i4--,,to ,,:at ,,end ,,is ,,nature8 ,our age is retrospective4 ,x builds ! sepul*res ( ! fa!rs4 ,x writes biographies1 hi/ories1 & criticisms4 ,! =ego+ g5]ations beheld ,god face to face2 we ?r\gh _! eyes4 ,:y %\ld n we also h an orig9al relation to ! univ]se8 ,:y %\ld we grope among ! dry bones ( ! pa/1 or put ! liv+ g5]ation into masqu]ade out ( its fad$ w>drobe8 ,let u int]rogate ! great app>ition t %9es s peacefully ar\nd u4 ,let u inquire to :at end is ,nature4 ,philosophically consid]$1 ! univ]se is compos$ ( ,nature & ,s\l4 ,/rictly speak+1 !re=e1 all t is sep>ate f u1 all :i* philosophy di/+ui%es z n me1 t is bo? ,nature & ,art1 all o!r m5 & my own body1 mu/ be rank$ "u ?is "n1 ,nature4 ,nature1 9 ! common s5se1 ref]s to ess5ces un*ang$ by man3 space1 ! air1 ! riv]1 ! leaf4 ,art is appli$ to ! mixture ( 8 w ) ! same ?+s1 z 9 a h\se1 a canal1 a /atue1 a picture4 ,b 8 op]ations1 tak5 toge!r1 are s insignificant1 a little *ipp+1 bak+1 pat*+1 & wa%+1 t 9 an impression s gr& z t ( ! _w on ! human m9d !y d n v>y ! result4 ,to g into solitude1 a man ne$s to retire z mu* f 8 *amb] z f society4 ,b if a man w\ld be alone let him look at ! />s4 ,! rays t come f ^? heav5ly bodies w sep>ate betwe5 him & :at he t\*es4 ,"o might ?9k ! atmosph]e 0 made transp>5t ) ?is design1 to give man 9 ! heav5ly bodies ! p]petual pres5ce ( ! sublime4 ,se5 9 ! /reets ( cities1 h[ great !y are6 ,if ! />s %\ld appe> "o night 9 a ?\s& ye>s1 h[ m5 w\ld believe & adore1 & pres]ve = _m g5]ations ! remembrance ( ! city ( ,god :i* _h be5 %[n6 ,b e night come out ^! envoys ( beauty1 & light ! univ]se ) _! admoni%+ smile4 ,nature nev] we>s a mean appe>ance4 ,nei!r does ! wise/ man extort h] secret1 & lose 8 curiosity by f9d+ out all h] p]fection4 ,:5 we speak ( ,nature 9 ?is mann] we h a di/9ct b mo/ poetical s5se 9 ! m9d4 ,we mean ! integrity ( impression made by manifold natural objects4 ,! *>m+ l&scape :i* ,i saw ?is morn+ is indubitably made up ( "s tw5ty or ?irty f>ms4 ,mill] owns ?is field1 ,locke t1 & ,mann+ ! woodl& beyond4 ,b none owns ! l&scape4 ,!re is a prop]ty 9 ! horizon :i* no man has b he ^: eye c integrate all ! p>ts--t is1 ! poet4 ,?is is ! be/ "p ( ^! m5's f>ms1 yet to ?is _! w>ranty-de$s give no title4 ,,ii4--,,h] ,,delight ,9 ! pres5ce ( ,nature a wild delight runs ?r\gh ! man 9 spite ( real sorr[4 ,n ! sun or ! summ] alone1 b e h\r & season yields its tribute ( delight2 = e h\r & *ange corresponds to & au?orises a diff]5t /ate ( m9d1 f brea?less noon to grimme/ midnight4 ,cross+ a b>e common1 9 sn[ puddles1 at twilight1 "u a cl\d$ sky1 )\t hav+ 9 my ?\ghts any occurr5ce ( special good =tune1 ,i h enjoy$ a p]fect exhil>ation4 ,i am glad to ! br9k ( fe>4 ,9 ! woods1 too1 a man ca/s (f 8 ye>s z ! snake 8 sl\gh1 & at :at p]iod soev] ( life is always a *ild4 ,)9 ^! plantations ( ,god a decorum & sanctity reign1 a p]5nial fe/ival is dress$1 & ! gue/ sees n h[ he %\ld tire ( !m 9 a ?\s& ye>s4 ,/&+ on ! b>e gr\nd1 my head ba!d 9 ! bli! air1 & uplift$ into inf9ite space1 all mean egotism vani%es4 ,i become a transp>5t eyeball2 ,i am no?+2 ,i see all2 ! curr5ts ( univ]sal be+ circulate ?r\gh me2 ,i am a "p or p>ticle ( ,god4 ,i am ! lov] ( unconta9$ & immortal beauty4 ,yet x is c]ta9 t ! p[] to produce ?is delight does n reside 9 ,nature1 b 9 man1 or 9 a h>mony ( bo?4 ,x is necess>y to use ^! pleasures ) great temp]ance4 ,= ,nature is n always trick$ 9 holiday attire1 b ! same sc5e :i* ye/]day brea!d p]fume & glitt]$ z = ! frolic ( nymphs is ov]spread ) melan*oly to-day4 ,nature always we>s ! col\rs ( ! _s4 ,! mis]y ( man appe>s l *ildi% petulance :5 we explore ! /eady & prodigal provision t has be5 made = 8 support & delight on ?is gre5 ball :i* floats him ?r\gh ! heav5s4 ,all ! p>ts incessantly "w into ea* o!r's h&s = ! pr(it ( man4 ,! w9d s[s ! se$2 ! sun evaporates ! sea2 ! w9d bl[s ! vap\r to ! field2 ! ice on ! o!r side ( ! planet cond5ses ! ra9 on ?is2 ! plant fe$s ! animal2 & ?us ! endless circulations ( ! div9e *>ity n\ri% man4 ,! useful arts are reproductions or new comb9ations by ! wit ( man ( ! same natural b5efactors4 ,! private poor man ha? cities1 %ips1 canals1 bridges1 built = him4 ,he goes to ! po/-(fice1 & ! human race run on 8 err&s2 to ! book-%op1 & ! human race read & write all t happ5s = him2 to ! c\rt-h\se1 & nations repair 8 wrongs4 ,,iii4--,,h] ,,lovel9ess ,a nobl] want ( man is s]v$ by ,nature1 namely1 ! love ( beauty4 ,su* is ! con/itution ( all ?+s1 or su* ! pla/ic p[] ( ! human eye1 t ! prim>y =ms1 z ! sky1 ! m\nta91 ! tree1 ! animal1 give u a delight 9 & = !mselves1 a pleasure aris+ f art1 l9e1 col\r1 motion1 & gr\p+4 ,?is seems p>tly ow+ to ! eye itself4 ,! eye is ! be/ ( arti/s1 z light is ! fir/ ( pa9t]s4 ,to ! body & m9d :i* h be5 cramp$ by noxi\s "w or company ,nature is m$ic9al1 & re/ores _! tone4 ,b 9 o!r h\rs ,nature satisfies by h] lovel9ess & )\t any mixture ( corporeal b5efit4 ,i see ! spectacle ( morn+ f ! hilltop ov] aga9/ my h\se f daybreak to sunrise ) emotion :i* an angel might %>e4 ,h[ does ,nature deify u ) a few & *eap elem5ts4 ,give me heal? & a day1 & ,i w make ! pomp ( emp]ors ridicul\s4 ,! dawn is my ,assyria2 ! sunset & moonrise my ,paphos1 & unimag9able realms ( fa]ie2 broad noon %all be my ,engl& ( ! s5ses & ! und]/&+2 ! night %all be my ,g]many ( my/ic philosophy & dreams4 ,! inhabitants ( cities suppose t ! c\ntry l&scape is pleasant only half ! ye>4 ,to ! att5tive eye ea* mom5t ( ! ye> has its own beauty1 & 9 ! same fields x beholds e h\r a picture :i* 0 nev] se5 be=e1 & :i* %all nev] be se5 aga94 ,e rational creature has all ,nature = 8 d[ry & e/ate4 ,he may dive/ himself ( x1 he may creep into a corn] & abdicate 8 k+dom1 z mo/ m5 d1 b he is entitl$ to ! _w by 8 con/itution4 ,9 proportion to ! en]gy ( 8 ?\ght & w he takes up ! _w into himself4 ,,iv4--,,h] ,,gift ,,( ,,language ,language is ano!r use :i* ,nature subs]ves to man4 ,words are signs ( natural facts4 ,! use ( natural hi/ory is to give u aid 9 sup]natural hi/ory4 ,e ^w :i* is us$ to express a moral or intellectual fact1 if trac$ to its root1 is f\nd to be borr[$ f "s mat]ial appe>ance4 ,"r means /raight2 wrong means twi/$2 transgression ! cross+ ( a l9e4 ,mo/ ( ! process by :i* ?is trans=mation is made is hidd5 f u 9 ! remote "t :5 language 0 fram$2 b ! same t5d5cy may be daily obs]v$ 9 *ildr54 ,x is n words only t are emblematic1 x is ?+s4 ,e appe>ance 9 ,nature corresponds to "s /ate ( m9d1 & t /ate ( m9d c only be describ$ by pres5t+ t natural appe>ance z its picture4 ,an enrag$ man is a lion1 a cunn+ man is a fox1 a firm man is a rock1 a le>n$ man is a tor*4 ,visible di/ance beh9d & be=e u is respectively an image ( memory & hope4 ,man is consci\s ( a univ]sal s\l )9 or beh9d 8 individual life1 :]e91 z 9 a firmam5t1 ! natures ( ju/ice1 tru?1 love1 fre$om1 arise & %9e4 ,?is univ]sal s\l he calls reason3 x is n m9e1 or ?9e1 or 81 b we are its2 we are its prop]ty & m54 ,& ! blue sky 9 :i* ! private e>? is buri$1 ! sky ) its et]nal calm & full ( ev]la/+ orbs is ! type ( reason4 ,t :i*1 intellectually consid]$1 we call reason1 consid]$ 9 relation to ,nature we call _s4 ,_s is ! creator4 ,_s ha? life 9 itself1 & man 9 all ages & c\ntries embodies x 9 8 language z ! ,fa!r4 ,z we g back 9 hi/ory language becomes m picturesque until its infancy1 :5 x is all poetry4 ,:5 simplicity ( "* & ! sov]eignty ( ideas are brok5 up1 new imag]y ceases to be creat$ & old words are p]v]t$ to /& = ?+s :i* are n2 a pap] curr5cy is employ$ :5 !re is no bullion 9 ! vaults4 ,v4--,,h] ,,moral ,,discipl9e ,9 view ( ! significance ( ,nature we arrive at ! fact t ,nature is a discipl9e4 ,:at t$i\s tra9+1 day aft] day1 ye> aft] ye>1 nev] end+1 to =m ! common s5se2 :at cont9ual reproduction ( annoyances1 inconv5i5ces1 dilemmas2 :at rejoic+ ov] u ( little m51 :at disput+ ( prices1 :at reckon+ ( int]e/--& all to =m ! h& ( ! m9d6 ,! ex]cise ( w or ! lesson ( p[] is taught 9 e ev5t4 ,nature is ?or\ghly m$iate4 ,x is made to s]ve4 ,x receives ! dom9ion ( man z meekly z ! ass on :i* ! ,savi\r rode4 ,x (f]s all its k+doms to man z ! raw mat]ial :i* he may m\ld into :at is useful4 ,& he is nev] we>y ( work+ x up4 ,he =ges ! subtle & delicate air into wise & melodi\s words1 & gives !m w+s z angels ( p]suasion & comm&4 ,"o aft] ano!r 8 victori\s ?\ght comes up ) & r$uces all ?+s1 until ! _w becomes at la/ a realis$ w4 ,e natural process is a v]sion ( a moral s5t5ce4 ,! moral law lies at ! c5tre ( ,nature & radiates to ! circumf]5ce4 ,:at is a f>m b a mute gospel8 ,! *aff & ! :eat1 we$s & plants1 blight1 ra91 insects1 sun--x is a sacr$ emblem f ! fir/ furr[ ( spr+ to ! la/ /ack :i* ! sn[ ( w9t] ov]takes 9 ! fields4 ,:o c guess h[ mu* firmness ! sea-beat5 rock has taught ! fi%]man8 ,h[ mu* tranquillity has be5 reflect$ to man f ! azure sky8 ,h[ mu* indu/ry & provid5ce & affection we h caught f ! pantomime ( brutes8 ,! unity ( ,nature meets u ev]y:]e4 ,resemblances exi/ 9 ?+s :]e9 !re is great sup]ficial unlik5ess4 ,?us ar*itecture is call$ froz5 music by ,goe!4 ,a ,go?ic *ur*1 said ,col]idge1 is petrifi$ religion4 ,! law ( h>monic s\nds reappe>s 9 ! h>monic col\rs4 ,! granite is diff]5t 9 its laws only by ! m or less ( heat f ! riv] t we>s x away4 ,! riv]1 z x fl[s1 resembles ! air t fl[s ov] x2 ! air resembles ! light t trav]ses x ) m subtle curr5ts4 ,ea* creature is only a modification ( ! o!r1 ! lik5ess 9 !m is m ?an ! diff]5ce1 & _! radical law is "o & ! same4 ,?is unity p]vades ?\ght also4 ,,vi4--,,is ,,nature ,,real8 ,a noble d\bt sugge/s itself :e!r discipl9e be n ! f9al cause ( ! univ]se1 & :e!r ,nature outw>dly exi/s4 ,! frivol\s make !mselves m]ry ) ! ideal !ory z if its consequ5ces 7 burlesque1 z if x affect$ ! /ability ( ,nature4 ,x surely does n4 ,! :eels & spr+s ( man are all set to ! hypo!sis ( ! p]man5ce ( ,nature4 ,b :ile we acquiesce entirely 9 ! p]man5ce ( natural laws1 ! "q ( ! absolute exi/5ce ( ,nature /ill rema9s op54 ,x is ! uni=m effect ( culture on ! human m9d to lead u to reg>d ,nature z a ph5om5on1 n a sub/ance2 to attribute necess>y exi/5ce to _s4 ,intellectual sci5ce fa/5s ! att5tion ^u immortal necess>y uncreat$ natures1 t is1 ^u ideas2 & 9 _! pres5ce we feel t ! outw>d circum/ance is a dream & a %ade4 ,:il/ we wait 9 ?is ,olympus ( ! gods we ?9k ( ,nature z an app5dix to ! s\l4 ,f9ally1 religion & e?ics1 :i* may be fitly call$ ! practice ( ideas1 h an analog\s effect4 ,! fir/ & la/ lesson ( religion is3 ,! ?+s t are se5 are temporal2 ! ?+s t are unse5 are et]nal4 ,,vii4--,,! ,,_s ,,beh9d ,,nature ,! aspect ( ,nature is dev\t4 ,l ! figure ( ,jesus1 %e /&s ) b5d$ head & h&s fold$ on ! brea/4 ,! happie/ man is he :o le>ns f ,nature ! lesson ( wor%ip4 ,( t ineffable ess5ce we call _s1 he t ?9ks mo/ w say lea/4 ,we c =esee ,god 9 ! co>se1 z x 71 di/ant ph5om5a ( matt]2 b :5 we try to def9e & describe ,himself1 bo? language & ?\ght des]t u1 & we are z helpless z fools & savages4 ,! noble/ m9i/ry ( ,nature is to /& z ! app>ition ( ,god4 ,x is ! organ ?r\gh :i* ! univ]sal _s speaks to ! individual1 & /rives to br+ back ! individual to x4 ,i conclude ?is essay ) "s traditions ( man & ,nature :i* a c]ta9 poet sang to me4 ,! f\ndations ( man are n 9 matt]1 b 9 _s4 ,& ! elem5t ( _s is et]nity4 ,to x1 !re=e1 ! longe/ s]ies ( ev5ts1 ! olde/ *ronologies are "y & rec5t4 ,a man is a god 9 ru9s4 ,:5 m5 are innoc5t1 life %all be long] & %all pass into ! immortal z g5tly z we awake f dreams4 ,infancy is ! p]petual ,messiah :i* comes into ! arms ( fall5 m51 & pleads ) !m to return to p>adise4 ,! problem ( re/or+ to ! _w ! orig9al & et]nal beauty is solv$ by ! r$emption ( ! s\l4 ,! ru9 t we see :5 we look at ,nature is 9 our own eye4 ,man _c be a naturali/ until he satisfies all ! dem&s ( ! _s4 ,love is z mu* its dem& z p]ception4 ,:5 a fai?ful ?9k] %all k9dle sci5ce ) ! fire ( ! holie/ affection1 !n w ,god g =? anew into ! creation4 ,nature is n fix$1 b fluid4 ,_s alt]s1 m\lds1 makes x4 ,! immobility1 or brut5ess1 ( ,nature is ! abs5ce ( _s4 ,e _s builds itself a h\se1 & beyond its h\se a _w1 & beyond its _w a heav54 ,:at we are1 t only c we see4 ,all t ,adam _h1 all t ,caes> c\ld1 y h & c d4 ,adam call$ 8 h\se heav5 & e>?2 ,caes> call$ 8 h\se ,rome2 y1 p]haps1 call y\rs a cobbl]'s trade1 a hundr$ acres ( pl\gh$ l&1 or a s*ol>'s g>ret4 ,yet1 l9e = l9e1 & po9t = po9t1 y\r dom9ion is z great z !irs1 ?\gh )\t f9e names4 ,build1 !re=e1 y\r own _w4 ,z fa/ z y con=m y\r life to ! pure idea 9 y\r m9d1 t w unfold its great proportions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epictetus ,,disc\rses ,,& ,,en*eiridion ,! ,/oic philosoph] ,epictetus 0 born ab\t #ej ,a4,d41 at ,hi]apolis1 9 ,phrygia1 at t "t a ,roman prov9ce ( ,asia ,m9or1 & 0 at fir/ a slave 9 ,rome4 ,on be+ fre$ he devot$ himself to philosophy1 & !reaft] liv$ & taught at ,nicopolis1 9 ,epirus 7!n a portion ( ,mac$onia1 correspond+ to ,albania to-day71 f ab\t #ij ,a4,d4 to #ach ,a4,d4 ,he left no works1 b 8 utt]ances h be5 collect$ 9 f\r books ( ,disc\rses or ,diss]tations by 8 pupil & fri5d ,arrian4 ,9 ! ,en*eiridion ,epictete--a ,h&book to ,epictetus compil$ & cond5s$ f ! *aos ( ! almo/ v]batim ,disc\rses--,arrian gives ! mo/ au!ntic acc\nt ( ! philosophy ( ! ,greek & ,roman ,/oics1 ! sect f\nd$ by ,z5o ab\t #cjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 :i* fl\ri%$ until ! decl9e ( ,rome4 ,arrian himself 0 born ab\t #ij ,a4,d4 at ,nicom$ia4 ,he wrote 9 ! /yle ( ,x5ophon ! ,anabasis ( ,alex&]1 a book on ,tactics1 & sev]al hi/ories :i* h be5 lo/4 ,he is *iefly ( note1 h[ev]1 z ! ,boswell ( ,epictetus4 ,he di$ ab\t #ahj ,a4,d4 ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,w1 ,,& ,,( ,,god ,! reason+ faculty alone consid]s bo? itself & all o!r p[]s1 & judges ( ! appe>ance ( ?+s4 ,&1 z 0 fit1 ?is mo/ excell5t & sup]ior faculty1 ! faculty ( a "r use ( ! appe>ances ( ?+s1 is t alone :i* ! gods h plac$ 9 our own p[]1 :ile all ! o!r matt]s !y h plac$ n 9 our p[]4 ,0 x because !y w\ld n8 ,i r ?9k t if !y c\ld1 !y _h grant$ u ^!1 too2 b !y c]ta9ly c\ld n4 ,=1 plac$ ^u e>?1 & conf9$ to su* a body & su* companions1 h[ 0 x possible t we %\ld n be h9d]$ by ?+s )\t u8 ,b :at says ,jupit]8 ,o ,epictetus1 if x 7 possible1 ,i _h made ?is little body & possession ( ?9e free1 & n liable to h9drance4 ,b n[ d n mi/ake2 x is n ?9e own1 b only a f9] mixture ( clay4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,i c\ld n give !e ?is1 ,i h giv5 !e a c]ta9 portion ( myself--?is faculty ( ex]t+ ! p[]s ( pursuit & avoidance1 ( desire & av]sion1 &1 9 a ^w1 ! use ( ! appe>ances ( ?+s4 ,tak+ c>e ( ?is po9t1 & mak+ :at is ?y own to consi/ 9 ?is1 ?\ wilt nev] be re/ra9$1 nev] be h9d]$2 ?\ wilt n groan1 wilt n compla91 wilt n flatt] anyone4 ,h[ !n6 ,d all ^! advantages seem small to !e8 ,heav5 =bid6 ,let !m suffice !e1 !n1 & ?ank ! gods4 ,b n[1 :5 x is 9 our p[] to take c>e ( "o ?+1 & apply ourselves to x1 we *oose r to encumb] ourselves ) _m--body1 prop]ty1 bro!r1 fri5d1 *ild1 slave--& ?us we are burd5$ & weigh$ d[n4 ,:5 ! wea!r happ5s n to be fair = sail+1 we sit screw+ ourselves & p]petually look+ out = ! way ( ! w9d4 ,:at !n is to be done8 ,to make ! be/ ( :at is 9 our p[]1 & take ! re/ z x naturally happ5s4 ,& h[ is t8 ,z x pleases ,god4 ,to a reasonable creature1 t alone is unsupportable :i* is unreasonable2 ev]y?+ reasonable may be support$4 ,:5 ,vespasian _h s5t to =bid ,priscus ,helvidius go+ to ! s5ate1 he answ]$1 ,x is 9 y\r p[] to prev5t my cont9u+ a s5ator1 b :ile ,i am "o ,i mu/ g4 ,well1 !n1 at lea/ be sil5t !re4 ,d n ask my op9ion1 & ,i w be sil5t4 ,b ,i mu/ ask x4 ,& ,i mu/ speak :at appe>s to me to be "r4 ,b if y d ,i w put y to dea?4 ,did ,i ev] tell y t ,i 0 immortal8 ,y w d y\r "p1 & ,i m9e2 x is y\rs to kill1 & m9e to die intrepid2 y\rs to bani% me1 m9e to dep>t untr\bl$4 ,:at good1 !n1 did ,priscus d1 :o 0 b a s+le p]son8 ,:y1 :at good does ! purple d to ! g>m5t8 ,:at b ! be+ a %9+ "* 9 himself1 & sett+ a good example to o!rs8 ,ano!r1 p]haps1 if 9 su* circum/ances ,caes> _h =bidd5 8 go+ to ! s5ate1 w\ld h said1 ,i am oblig$ to y = excus+ me4 ,b su* a "o ,caes> w\ld n h =bidd51 well kn[+ t he w\ld ei!r sit l a /atue1 or1 if he spoke1 he w\ld say :at he knew to be agreeable to ,caes>4 ,only consid] at :at price y sell y\r own w & *oice1 man--if = no?+ else1 t y may n sell x = a trifle4 ,if a p]son c\ld be p]suad$1 z he ought ( ?is pr9ciple1 t we are all orig9ally desc5d$ f ,god1 & t ,he is ! ,fa!r ( gods & m51 ,i conceive he nev] w\ld ?9k meanly or deg5]ately conc]n+ himself4 ,suppose ,caes> 7 to adopt y1 !re w\ld be no be>+ y\r haughty looks4 ,w y n be elat$ on kn[+ y\rself to be ! son ( ,jupit]1 ( ,god ,himself8 ,yet1 9 fact1 we are n elat$2 b hav+ two ?+s 9 our composition1 intimately unit$1 a body 9 common ) ! brutes1 & reason & s5tim5t 9 common ) ! gods1 _m ( u incl9e to ?is unhappy & mortal k9dr$1 & only "s few to ! div9e & happy "o4 ,by means ( ?is animal k9dr$ "s ( u1 deviat+ t[>ds x1 become l wolves1 fai?less & insidi\s & mis*iev\s2 o!rs l lions1 wild & savage & untam$2 b mo/ ( u l foxes1 wret*es ev5 among brutes4 ,= :at else is a sl&]\s & ill-natur$ man ?an a fox1 or some?+ /ill m wret*$ & mean8 ,to ,triptolemus all m5 h rais$ temples & alt>s1 because he gave u a mild] k9d ( food2 b to ,him :o has discov]$ & communicat$ to all ! tru?1 ! means n ( liv+ b ( liv+ well1 :o ev] rais$ an alt> or built a /atue8 ,if :at philosoph]s say ( ! k9dr$ betwe5 ,god & man be true1 :at has anyone to d b1 l ,socrates1 :5 he is ask$ :at c\ntryman he is1 nev] to say t he is a citiz5 ( ,a!ns1 or ( ,cor9?1 b ( ! _w8 ,:y may n he :o has le>n$ t f ,god ! se$s ( be+ are desc5d$1 n only to my fa!r or gr&fa!r1 b to all ?+s t are produc$ & born on ! e>?--& especially to rational natures1 z !y alone are qualifi$ to p>take ( a communication ) ! ,deity1 be+ connect$ ) ,him by reason--:y may n su* a "o call himself a citiz5 ( ! _w8 ,:y n a son ( ,god8 ,& :y %all he fe> any?+ t happ5s among m58 ,%all k9dr$ to ,caes>1 or any o!r ( ! great at ,rome1 enable a man to live secure1 above contempt1 & void ( fe>2 & %all n ! hav+ ,god = our ,mak] & ,fa!r & ,gu>dian free u f griefs & t]rors8 ,,ii4--,,! ,,citiz5 ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,8 ,,high ,,call+ ,y are a di/9ct portion ( ! ess5ce ( ,god1 & conta9 a c]ta9 "p ( ,him 9 y\rself4 ,:y d n y consid] :5ce y came8 ,y c>ry a god ab\t ) y1 wret*1 & "k no?+ ( x4 ,d y suppose ,i mean "s god )\t y1 ( gold or silv]8 ,x is )9 y\rself y c>ry ,him1 & pr(ane ,him1 )\t be+ s5sible ( x1 by impure ?\ghts & unclean actions4 ,if ev5 ! image ( ,god 7 pres5t1 y w\ld n d>e to act z y d2 :5 ,god ,himself is )9 y1 & he>s & sees all1 are n y a%am$ to ?9k & act ?us1 ins5sible ( y\r own nature & hateful to ,god8 ,y are a citiz5 ( ! _w1 & a "p ( x2 n a subs]vi5t1 b a pr9cipal "p4 ,y are capable ( compreh5d+ ! div9e economy & ( consid]+ ! connection ( ?+s4 ,:at1 !n1 does ! "* ( a citiz5 promise8 ,to hold no private int]e/1 to delib]ate ( no?+ z a sep>ate individual1 b l ! h& or ! foot1 :i*1 if !y _h reason1 & compreh5d$ ! con/itution ( nature1 w\ld nev] pursue1 or desire1 b ) a ref]5ce to ! :ole4 ,ah1 :5 %all ,i see ,a!ns & ! citadel aga98 ,wret*1 are n y cont5t$ ) :at y see e day8 ,c y see any?+ bett] ?an ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! :ole e>?1 ! sea8 ,if1 besides1 y compreh5d ,him :o adm9i/]s ! :ole1 & c>ry ,him ab\t 9 y\rself1 d y /ill long aft] pebbles & a f9e rock8 ,boldly make a desp]ate pu%1 man1 = prosp]ity1 = fre$om1 = magnanimity4 ,lift up y\r head at la/ z free f slav]y4 ,d>e to look up to ,god1 & say1 ,make use ( me = ! future z ,?\ wilt4 ,i am ( ! same m9d2 ,i am equal ) ,!e4 ,i refuse no?+ :i* seems good to ,!e4 ,lead me :i!r ,?\ wilt4 ,clo! me 9 :atev] dress ,?\ wilt4 ,is x ,?y w t ,i %\ld be 9 a public or a private condition1 dwell "h or be bani%$1 be poor or ri*8 ,"u all ^! circum/ances ,i w make ,?y def5ce to m54 ,i w %[ :at ! nature ( ev]y?+ is4 ,no1 r sit alone 9 a w>m place1 & wait till y\r nurse comes to fe$ y4 ,if ,h]cules _h sat loit]+ at home1 :at w\ld he h be58 ,y are n ,h]cules1 to extirpate ! evils ( o!rs4 ,extirpate y\r own1 !n4 ,expel grief1 fe>1 desire1 envy1 malevol5ce1 av>ice1 effem9acy1 intemp]ance1 f y\r m9d4 ,b ^! c be no o!rwise expell$ ?an by look+ up to ,god alone z y\r patt]n2 by atta*+ y\rself to ,him alone & be+ consecrat$ to ,8 comm&s4 ,if y wi% = any?+ else1 y w1 ) sighs & groans1 foll[ :at is /rong] ?an y1 always seek+ prosp]ity )\t1 & nev] f9d+ x4 ,= y seek x :]e x is n1 & neglect to seek x :]e x is4 ,,iii4--,,8 ,,w ,,is ,,my ,,w ,h ,i ev] be5 re/ra9$ f :at ,i will$8 ,or compell$ aga9/ my w8 ,h[ is ?is possible8 ,i h rang$ my pursuits "u ! direction ( ,god4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld h a fev]8 ,x is my w too4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld pursue any?+8 ,x is my w too4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld desire8 ,x is my w too4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld obta9 any?+8 ,x is m9e too4 ,is x n ,8 w8 ,x is n m9e4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld be tortur$8 ,!n x is my w to be tortur$4 ,is x ,8 w t ,i %\ld die8 ,!n x is my w to die4 ,he has giv5 me :atev] dep5ds ^u *oice4 ,! ?+s 9 my p[] ,he has made incapable ( h9drance or re/ra9t4 ,b h[ c\ld ,he make a body ( clay incapable ( h9drance8 ,!re=e ,he ha? subject$ my body1 possessions1 furniture1 h\se1 *ildr51 wife1 to ! revolution ( ! univ]se4 ,he :o gave takes away4 ,= :5ce _h ,i ^! ?+s :5 ,i came into ! _w8 ,b ,i w\ld enjoy ! fea/ /ill long]4 ,s p]haps w\ld ! spectators at ,olympia see m combatants4 ,b ! solemnity is ov]4 ,g away4 ,dep>t l a grateful & mode/ p]son2 make room = o!rs4 ,d n y "k t sickness & dea? mu/ ov]take u8 ,at :at employm5t8 ,! husb&man at 8 pl\gh2 ! sailor on 8 voyage4 ,at :at employm5t w\ld y be tak58 ,inde$1 at :at employm5t ought y to be tak58 ,= if !re is any bett] employm5t at :i* y c be tak51 foll[ t4 ,= my own "p1 ,i w\ld be engag$ 9 no?+ b ! c>e ( my own faculty ( *oice1 h[ to r5d] x undi/urb$1 unre/ra9$1 uncompell$1 free4 ,i w\ld be f\nd /udy+ ?is1 t ,i may be able to say to ,god1 ,h ,i transgress$ ,?y comm&s8 ,h ,i p]v]t$ ! p[]s1 ! s5ses1 ! preconceptions :i* ,?\ ha/ giv5 me8 ,h ,i ev] accus$ ,!e or c5sur$ ,?y disp5sations8 ,i h be5 sick1 because x 0 ,?y pleasure4 ,i h be5 poor1 ) joy4 ,i h n be5 9 p[]1 because x 0 n ,?y w1 & p[] ,i h nev] desir$4 ,h ,i n always approa*$ ,!e *e]fully1 prep>$ to execute ,?y comm&s8 ,is x ,?y pleasure t ,i dep>t f ?is assembly8 ,i dep>t4 ,i give ,!e ?anks t ,?\ ha/ ?\ght me wor?y to h a %>e 9 x ) ,!e2 to behold ,?y works1 & to jo9 ) ,!e 9 compreh5d+ ,?y adm9i/ration4 ,let dea? ov]take me :ile ,i am ?9k+1 writ+1 read+ su* ?+s z ^!4 ,( ?+s1 "s are 9 our p[]1 o!rs n4 ,9 our p[] are op9ion1 pursuit1 desire1 accession2 9 a ^w1 :atev] are our own actions4 ,n 9 our p[] are body1 prop]ty1 reputation1 comm&2 9 a ^w1 :atev] are n our own actions4 ,n[1 ! ?+s 9 our p[] are free1 unre/ra9$1 unh9d]$1 :ile ^? n 9 our p[] are weak1 slavi%1 re/ra9$1 belong+ to o!rs4 ,rememb]1 !n1 t if y suppose ^! latt] ?+s free1 & :at belongs to o!rs y\r own1 y w be h9d]$2 y w lam5t2 y w be di/urb$2 y w f9d fault ) bo? gods & m54 ,b if y reg>d t only z y\r own :i* is y\r own1 & :at is o!rs1 z !irs1 no "o w ev] compel y2 no "o w re/ra9 y2 y w f9d fault ) no "o2 y w accuse no "o2 y w d no?+ aga9/ y\r w2 y w h no enemy & w suff] no h>m4 ,aim+1 !re=e1 at great ?+s1 rememb] t y mu/ n all[ y\rself to be c>ri$ out ( y\r c\rse1 h[ev] slightly4 ,/udy to be able to say to e ho/ile appe>ance1 ,y are b an appe>ance1 & n ! ?+ y appe> to be4 ,!n exam9e x by y\r rules1 & fir/ & *iefly by ?is3 :e!r x conc]ns ! ?+s 9 y\r own p[] or ^? :i* are n4 ,& if x conc]ns any?+ n 9 y\r own p[]1 be prep>$ to say x is no?+ to y4 ,) reg>d to :atev] objects ei!r delight ! m9d1 or contribute to use1 or are lov$ ) fondness1 rememb] to tell y\rself ( :at nature !y are1 beg9n+ f ! mo/ trifl+ ?+s4 ,if y are fond ( an e>!n cup1 rem9d y\rself x is an e>!n cup ( :i* y are fond2 ?us1 if x be brok51 y w n be di/urb$4 ,if y kiss y\r *ild1 or y\r wife1 rememb] y kiss a be+ subject to ! accid5ts ( humanity2 ?us y w n be di/urb$ if ei!r die4 ,m5 are di/urb$1 n by ?+s1 b by _! own notions reg>d+ !m4 ,be n elat$ ov] excell5ces n y\r own4 ,if a horse %\ld be elat$ & say1 ,i am h&some1 x w\ld be supportable4 ,b :5 y are elat$ & say1 ,i h a h&some horse1 "k t y are elat$ on :at is1 9 fact1 only ! good ( ! horse4 ,require n ?+s to happ5 z y wi%1 b wi% !m to happ5 z !y d happ54 ,!n all w g well4 ,9 e happ5+1 inquire ( y\r m9d h[ to turn x to prop] acc\nt4 ,nev] say ( any?+ ,i h lo/ x1 b ,i h re/or$ x4 ,is y\r *ild dead8 ,x is re/or$4 ,is y\r wife dead8 ,%e is re/or$4 ,is y\r e/ate tak5 away f y8 ,well1 & is n t likewise re/or$8 ,b he :o took x away is a bad man4 ,:at is x to y by ^: h&s ,he :o gave x ha? dem&$ x aga98 ,:ile ,he gives y to possess x1 take c>e ( x1 b z ( some?+ n y\r own1 l a pass5g] 9 an inn4 ,,iv4--,,( ,,tranquillity ,,& ,,! ,,means ,,!reto ,if y w\ld improve1 lay aside su* reason+s z prev5t tranquillity4 ,x is bett] to die ) hung]1 exempt f grief & fe>1 ?an to live 9 afflu5ce ) p]turbation4 ,x is bett] y\r s]vant %\ld be bad ?an y unhappy4 ,is a little oil spilt8 ,a little w9e /ol58 ,say to y\rself1 ,?is is ! pur*ase paid = peace1 = tranquillity1 & no?+ is to be _h = no?+4 ,:5 y call y\r s]vant1 consid] x possible he may n come at y\r call2 or if he do?1 t he may n d :at y w\ld h him d4 ,he is by no means ( su* importance t x %\ld be 9 8 p[] to give y di/urbance4 ,be cont5t to be ?\ght fooli% & /upid ) reg>d to ext]nals & uness5tials4 ,d n wi% to be ?\ght to "k4 ,& ?\gh y appe> to o!rs to be somebody1 di/ru/ y\rself4 ,= be assur$ x is n easy at once to pres]ve y\r faculty ( *oice 9 a /ate con=mable to nature1 & to secure ext]nals1 s9ce :ile y are c>eful ( ! "o y w neglect ! o!r4 ,behave 9 life z at an ent]ta9m5t4 ,is any?+ br\ght r\nd to y8 ,put out y\r h& & take y\r %>e1 ) mod]ation4 ,do? x pass by y8 ,d n /op x4 ,is x n yet come8 ,d n /ret* =? y\r desire t[>ds x1 b wait till x rea*es y4 ,?us d ) reg>d to *ildr51 to a wife1 to public po/s1 to ri*es1 & y w be1 "s "t or o!r1 a wor?y p>tn] ( ! fea/s ( ! gods4 ,& if y d n s mu* z take ! ?+s set be=e y1 b are able ev5 to despise !m1 !n y w n only be a p>tn] ( ! gods' fea/s1 b ( _! empire4 ,rememb] t y are an actor 9 a drama1 ( su* a k9d z ! ,au?or pleases to make x4 ,if %ort1 ( a %ort "o2 if long1 ( a long "o4 ,if x be ,8 pleasure y %\ld act a poor man1 a cripple1 a gov]nor1 or a private p]son1 see t y act x naturally4 ,= ?is is y\r bus9ess1 to act well ! "* assign$ y2 to *oose x is ano!r's4 ,to me all ! port5ts are lucky1 if ,i w4 ,=1 :atev] happ5s1 x is 9 my p[] to d]ive advantage f x4 ,rememb] t n he :o gives ill language or a bl[ affronts1 b ! pr9ciple :i* repres5ts ^! ?+s z affront+4 ,:51 !re=e1 anyone provokes y1 be assur$ t x is y\r own op9ion :i* provokes y4 ,try 9 ! fir/ place n to be hurri$ away ) ! appe>ance4 ,= if y once ga9 "t & respite y w m easily comm& y\rself4 ,be assur$ t ! ess5tial prop]ty ( piety t[>ds ! gods is to =m "r op9ions conc]n+ !m z exi/+ & z gov]n+ ! univ]se ) goodness & ju/ice4 ,& fix y\rself 9 ! resolution to obey !m1 & yield to !m1 & will+ly foll[ !m 9 all ev5ts1 z produc$ by ! mo/ p]fect und]/&+4 ,= ?us y w nev] f9d fault ) ! gods1 nor accuse !m ( neglect+ y4 ,& x is n possible = ?is to be effect$ any o!r way ?an by )draw+ y\rself f ?+s n 9 y\r own p[] & plac+ good or evil 9 ^? only :i* are4 ,= if y suppose any ( ! ?+s n 9 y\r own p[] to be ei!r good or evil1 :5 y are disappo9t$ at :at y wi%1 or incur :at y w\ld avoid1 y mu/ necess>ily f9d fault ) & blame ! au?ors4 ,be = ! mo/ "p sil5t1 or speak m]ely :at is necess>y1 & 9 few words4 ,we may sp>+ly ent] into disc\rse :5 occasion calls = x1 b n on ! vulg> topics ( gladiators1 horse-races1 fea/s1 & s on2 above all1 n ( m51 s z ei!r to blame1 praise1 or make comp>isons4 ,if anyone tells y su* a p]son speaks ill ( y1 make no excuses1 b answ]1 ,he does n "k my o!r faults1 or he w\ld n h m5tion$ only ^!4 ,:5 y d any?+ f a cle> judgm5t t x ought to be done1 nev] %un ! be+ se5 to d x1 ev5 ?\gh ! _w %\ld make a wrong supposition ab\t x4 ,= if y d n act "r1 %un ! action itself2 & if y d1 :y be afraid ( mi/ak5 c5sure8 ,:5 any p]son does ill by y1 or speaks ill ( y1 rememb] t he acts or speaks f a supposition ( its be+ 8 duty4 ,n[1 x is n possible t he %\ld foll[ :at appe>s "r to y1 b :at appe>s s to himself4 ,!re=e1 if he misjudges1 he is ! p]son hurt1 = he is ! "o deceiv$4 ,meekly be>1 !n1 a p]son :o reviles y1 = y w say ^u e occasion1 ,x seem$ s to him4 ,! condition & *>act]i/ic ( a vulg> p]son is t he nev] expects ei!r b5efit or hurt f himself1 b f ext]nals4 ,! condition & *>act]i/ic ( a philosoph] is t he expects all hurt & b5efit f himself4 ,! m>ks ( a pr(ici5t are t he c5sures no "o1 praises no "o1 blames no "o1 accuses no "o1 says no?+ conc]n+ himself z be+ anybody or kn[+ any?+2 :5 he is h9d]$ or re/ra9$1 he accuses himself2 :5 prais$1 he secretly laughs2 if c5sur$1 he makes no def5ce4 ,he suppresses all desire2 transf]s 8 av]sion to ?+s only :i* ?w>t ! prop] use ( 8 own w2 is g5tle 9 all ex]cise ( 8 p[]s2 & does n c>e if he appe>s /upid & ignorant1 b wat*es himself z an enemy1 l "o 9 ambu%4 ,:atev] rules ( life y h delib]ately propos$ to y\rself1 abide by !m z laws1 & z if x 7 impi\s to transgress !m2 & d n reg>d :at anyone says ( y2 = ?is1 aft] all1 is no conc]n ( y\rs4 ,let :atev] appe>s to y to be ! be/ be to y an inviolable law4 ,socrates became p]fect1 improv+ himself 9 ev]y?+ by att5d+ to reason only4 ,& ?\gh y be n yet a ,socrates1 live z "o :o w\ld become a ,socrates4 ,^u all occasions we ought to h ready at h& ^! ?ree maxims3 ,conduct me1 ,god1 & ?\1 ,o ,de/9y1 ,:]ev] y\r decrees h fix$ my /ation4 ,i foll[ *e]fully4 ,& did ,i n1 ,wick$ & wret*$1 ,i mu/ foll[ /ill4 ,:oe'er yields prop]ly to ,fate is deem$ ,wise among m5 & kn[s ! laws ( heav54 ,o ,crito1 if x ?us pleases ! gods1 ?us let x be4 ,anytus & ,melitus may kill me inde$1 b hurt my s\l !y _c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes ,footnote #a3 ,! deceas$ speaks con/antly z if he 7 ,osiris or "s o!r god4 ,?is is suppos$ to give him ! privileges & p[] ( ! god ^: "n he be>s4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,egyptians ?\ght t 9 ! l[] _w ! he>t or consci5ce 0 weigh$1 i4e41 judg$4 ,footnote #c3 ,?is *apt] & ! l are f\nd on /one1 wood1 porcela91 etc41 figures1 & atta*$ to ! mummy4 ,x 0 suppos$ to act magically 9 transf]r+ ! tasks ( ! und]world f ! p]son4 ,footnote #d3 ,! /orm-god1 ! ar*-fi5d ( ,ra1 ! sun-god ,footnote #e3 ,! suppliant has made a wax figure ( ,apepi1 &1 by sympa!tic magic1 imag9es t by burn+ x he is de/roy+ ! p[] ( ! orig9al4 ,su* wax figures ( ! gods made = magical purposes 7 g5]ally illegal4 ,footnote #f3 ,!re are _m examples 9 ! ,book ( ! ,dead ( ! magical pot5cy atta*$ to names4 ,to invoke a god by 8 "n 0 to control him4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ass /&s = ,ra1 ! sun-god1 & ! eat] ( ! ass is d>kness or "s eclipse1 repres5t$ z "o ( ! foes ( ,ra1 9 ! vignette figur$ z a s]p5t on ! back ( an ass4 ,comp>e ! ,babylonian my? ( ,m>duk & ,tiamat4 ,footnote #h3 ,! m>ri$ "n ( ,confucius4 ,footnote #i3 ,comp>e ! me?od ( ,socrates 9 ! inve/igation ( tru?4 ,footnote #aj3 ,9 ! above f\r difficulties1 note ! reappe>ance ( ! law ( reciprocity1 ! negative =m ( ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,footnote #aa3 ,a te*nical "n = ,*9a1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be enclos$ by ! f\r great oceans ( ! _w4 ,*9a is also call$ ,! ,middle ,k+dom4 ,footnote #ab3 ,t is1 ^? :o h be5 inve/$ ) ! sacr$ ?read1 :i* is a sign ( hav+ be5 initiat$ into ! pat]nal ca/e4 ,?is c]emony takes place at ! age ( sev5 or n9e ye>s1 b is only obs]v$ by ! ?ree high] ca/es4 ,x is to be comp>$ ) ! ,*ri/ian rites ( baptism & confirmation4 ,h9du boys1 :5 inve/$ ) ! sacr$ ?read or cord1 are said to be born aga94 ,footnote #ac3 ,?is spell+ ( ! ^w 7,quran7 repres5ts ! native ,arabic pronunciation if x be rememb]$ t q /&s = a k s\nd proce$+ f ! l[] "p ( ! ?roat4 ,! initial s\nd is !re=e to be di/+ui%$ f t ( ! ,arabic & ,hebrew lett]s prop]ly translit]at$ k4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! pronunciation he>d by ! pres5t writ] among ! ,muslim ,arabs ( ,egypt1 ,syria1 etc4 ,! ^w means lit]ally ,! ,prais$ ,"o or ,! ,"o to be ,prais$4 ,! h1 h[ev]1 9 ! ^w is n ! ord9>y "o1 b t pron\nc$ at ! l[] "p ( ! ?roat1 z ! ,arabic equival5t ( q is4 ,h5ce ?is h is translit]at$ z h ) a dot und]nea? x4 ,footnote #ae3 ,all ! suras1 except ! n9?1 beg9 ) ?is =mula1 z1 inde$1 d mo/ ,arabic books1 (t5 ev5 books ( an immoral nature4 ,footnote #af3 ,muhammad's uncle1 :o1 ) 8 wife1 reject$ ! prophet' claims4 ,footnote #ag3 ,a ^w-play1 ,lahab mean+ flame4 ,footnote #ah3 ,said by ,muslim comm5tators to be "o ( ! la/ t5 nights ( ,ramadhan1 ! sev5? ( ^? nights reckon+ backw>ds4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( ! doctr9e ( abrogation ( previ\s revelations4 ,:5 ,muhammad 0 conv9c$ t :at he _h previ\sly taught 0 errone\s he always pr(ess$ to h receiv$ a new revelation annull+ ! e>li] "o be>+ on ! matt]4 ,footnote #bj3 ,!re is p]haps "h an indirect ref]5ce to ! alleg$ deification ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y by ! ,*ri/ians ) :om ,muhammad came 9 contact4 ,footnote #ba3 ,?is is f "o ( ! olde/ suras4 ,a mo/ important ,muslim tradition says t ,muhammad decl>es ?is sura to be equal to a ?ird ( ! re/ ( ! ,koran4 ,"s say x repres5ts ! prophet's cre$ :5 he ent]$ ^u 8 mission4 ,footnote #bb3 ,?is is direct$ aga9/ bo? ! ,mekkan belief t angels 7 daught]s ( ,god & also aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e t ,jesus 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,ref]5ce is also made1 p]haps1 to ! ,jewi% description ( ,ezra z ,god's son4 ,footnote #bc3 ,muhammad "h adopts ! ,jewi% & ,arab my? t ,solomon _h a seal ) ! div9e "n 7,yahwe7 inscrib$ on x giv+ him control ov] w9ds & j9ns1 or demons4 ,footnote #bd3 ,9 ,arabic1 ,m>y & ,miriam are spelt exactly alike 7,miriam74 ,?is evid5tly misl$ ,muhammad4 ,9 sura #ef he describes ! ,virg9 z a daught] ( ,amram1 ! fa!r ( ,a>on1 ,moses1 & ,miriam4 7,see ,numb]s xxvi4 #ei1 & ,exodus xv4 #bj47 ,footnote #be3 ,?is is a well-kn[n ,arab fable1 bas$ on a misund]/&+ ( ,i ,k+s iv4 #cc1 influ5c$ by ! second ,t>gum on ,e/h]4 ,see an ,engli% translation ( ?is la/ 9 a comm5t>y on ,e/h] by ,paul ,cassel 7,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k71 p4 #bfc4 ,?is ,t>gum is c]ta9ly old] ?an ! ,koran1 & x embodies ,jewi% leg5ds ( a /ill great] antiquity4 ,footnote #bf3 ,?is leg5d ab\t ,m\nt ,s9ai is conta9$ twice 9 ! ,jewi% ,talmud 7,abodah ,z>ah ,mi%nah ,,ii1 #b1 & ,%abba? ,gem>ah lxxxviii4 #a74 ,x is no d\bt ?is ,jewi% tradition t sugge/$ ! above passage4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! po9t to :i* m5 turn 9 pray]1 ,zoroa/rians pray t[>ds ! ea/--! direction ( ! ris+ sun2 ,jews t[>ds ,j]usalem1 :]e ! ,temple 02 & ,muslims1 f ! utt]ance ( ?is sura1 t[>ds ,mekka4 ,at fir/ ,muhammad adopt$ no ,qiblah4 ,on rea*+ ,m$9ah1 9 ord] to conciliate ! ,jews he adopt$ ,j]usalem z ! ,qiblah4 ,b a ye> aft] rea*+ ,m$9ah1 he broke ) ! ,jews & comm&$ 8 p to make ! ,kaabah _! ,qiblah4 ,footnote #bh3 ,! cube-l build+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! mosque at ,mekka1 :i* conta9s ! sacr$ black /one4 ,footnote #bi3 ,ahmad & ,muhammad h bo? ! same mean+1 i4e41 ! ,praisewor?y ,"o4 ,muslim comm5tators hold t ! ,p>aclete 7,com=t]7 promis$ 9 ,john xvi4 #g means ,muhammad4 ,9 ord] to make ?is cle>1 h[ev]1 !y say we ought to read ,p]iklutos1 i4e41 virtually ,ahmad & ,muhammad1 in/ead ( ,p>acletos4 ,footnote #cj3 ,accord+ to ! ,koran1 ,m>y 0 wor%ipp$ z ,god by ! ,*ri/ians ( ,arabia4 ,footnote #ca3 ,accord+ to sura #b1 v]se #agd1 ! ,bismillah 7lit4 ,9 ! "n ( ,allah1 etc47 mu/ be utt]$ be=e animals to be eat5 are kill$4