:i* includes ! m ?an #aej orig9al       
illu/rations4       ,see #aceaj-;h4htm  
or #aceaj-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/c_
/e_/a_/aceaj_/aceaj-;h_/#aceaj-;h4htm7  
or                                      
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/c_
/e_/a_/aceaj_/aceaj-;h4zip7             
,transcrib]'s notes3     ,correct$      
spell+s      'casualities' to           
'casualties'      ',mid%ipm5's hit*' to 
',mid%ipman's hit*'    ,illu/ration =   
,timb] ,hit* is ,fig4 #ch1 n ,fig4 #cb  
,!re is no ,fig4 #acd4      ,,knots1    
,,splices ,,& ,,rope ,,"w  ,a ,practical
 ,treatise  ,giv+ ,complete & ,simple   
,directions = ,mak+ ,all ! ,mo/ ,useful 
& ,ornam5tal ,knots 9 ,common ,use1 )   
,*apt]s on ,splic+1 ,po9t+1 ,seiz+1     
,s]v+1 etc4 ,adapt$ = ! use (           
,travell]s1 ,camp]s1 ,ya*tsm51 ,boy     
,sc\ts1 & ,all ,o!rs ,hav+ to ,use or   
,h&le ,ropes = ,any ,purpose4  by  ,a4  
,,hyatt ,,v]rill  ,editor ,popul>       
,sci5ce ,dept41 ,am]ican ,boy ,magaz9e4 

,,second ,,revis$ ,,edition  ,illu/rat$ 
) #aef ,orig9al ,cuts ,%[+ ,h[ ,ea*     
,knot1 ,tie or ,splice is ,=m$ & ,its   
,appe>ance ,:5 ,complete4     ,,cont5ts 
,,introduction   ,,*apt] ,i  ,,cordage  
,k9ds ( ,rope4 ,con/ruction ( ,rope4    
,/r5g? ( ,ropes4 ,weight ( ,ropes4      
,mat]ial ,us$ 9 ,mak+ ,ropes4   ,,*apt] 
,,ii  ,,simple ,,knots ,,& ,,b5ds  ,p>ts
 ( ,rope4 ,:ipp+ & ,seiz+ ,rope4 ,loops4
 ,cuckolds' ,necks4 ,cl9*es4 ,ov]h& &   
,figure-eight ,knots4 ,squ>e & ,reef    
,knots4 ,granny ,knots4 ,op5-h& &       
,fi%]m5's ,knots4 ,ord9>y ,knots &      
,weav]s' ,knots4 ,g>rick ,b5ds & ,haws] 
,hit*es4 ,half-hit*es4   ,,*apt] ,,iii  
,,ties ,,& ,,hit*es  ,l>ks' ,heads4     
,slipp]y & ,half-hit*es4 ,clove ,hit*es4
 ,gunn]s' ,knots & ,timb] ,hit*es4      
,twi/s1 ,catspaws1 & ,blackwall ,hit*es4
 ,*a9 ,hit*4 ,roll+ & ,magnus ,hit*es4  
,/udd+-sail & ,gaff-topsail ,haly>d     
,b5ds4 ,rob& & ,fi%]man's ,hit*es4      
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,nooses1 ,,loops1 ,,&    
,,moor+ ,,knots  ,wat]man's ,knot4      

,l>ks' ,heads ) ,nooses4 ,cleat & ,:>f  
,ties4 ,b[-l9e ,knots4 ,loops & ,loop   
,knots4   ,,*apt] ,v  ,,%ort5+s1        
,,grommets1 ,,& ,,selvagees  ,two-1     
,?ree-1 & ,fivefold ,%ort5+s4 ,s+le     
,plaits & ,monkey ,*a94 ,twi/ ,braids & 
,braid+ ,lea!r4 ,op5 ,*a9s4 ,seiz$ & ,b[
 ,%ort5+s4 ,%eep%anks & ,dog%anks4      
,grommets4 ,selvagee ,/raps & ,selvagee 
,bo>ds4 ,flemi% & ,artificial ,eyes4    
,?roat ,seiz+s4 ,la%$ ,splices4         
,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,la%+s1 ,,seiz+s1        
,,splices1 ,,etc4  ,w$d+ ,knots & ,rose 
,la%+s4 ,deadeye & ,loop ,la%+s4        
,belay+-p9 ,splice4 ,necklace ,ties4    
,close ,b&s & ,end ,po9t+4 ,end+ ,ropes4
 ,%ort ,splices4 ,long ,splices4 ,eye & 
,cut ,splices4   ,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,fancy 
,,knots ,,& ,,rope ,,"w  ,s+le ,cr[n    
,knots4 ,tuck$ ,cr[ns4 ,s+le ,wall      
,knots4 ,common & ,fr5* ,%r\d ,knots4   
,d\ble ,cr[n & ,d\ble ,wall ,knots4     
,cr[n+ ,wall ,knots4 ,d\ble ,wall &     
,cr[n4 ,manrope ,knots4 ,topsail-haly>d 
,toggles4 ,mat!w ,walk] & ,/opp] ,knots4

 ,turks' ,heads & ,turks' ,caps4 ,worm+1
 ,p>cell+1 & ,s]v+4 ,s]v+ ,mallet4      
,half-hit* ,"w4 ,f\r-/r& & ,cr[n        
,braids4 ,rope ,buckles & ,swivels4     
,sl++ ,casks & ,b>rels4 ,rope ,belt+4   
,,index    ,,introduction  ,! hi/ory (  
ropes & knots is s dim & anci5t t really
 little is kn[n ( _! orig94 ,t e>lie/   
man us$ cordage ( "s k9d & by 8 +5uity  
succe$$ 9 ty+ ! mat]ial toge!r1 is      
indisputable1 = ! mo/ anci5t c>v+s &    
decorations ( prehi/oric man %[ knots 9 
sev]al =ms4 ,d\btless ! trail+ v9es &   
plants fir/ sugge/$ ropes to human be+s2
 & x is q probable t ^! same v9es1 9 _! 
v>i\s twi/+s & tw9+s1 gave man 8 fir/   
idea ( knots4  ,s9ce ! e>lie/ times     
knots h be5 ev]y:]e int]wov5 ) human    
affairs2 juggl]s h us$ !m 9 _! tricks2  
!y h become almo/ a "p ( _m occupations 
& trades1 :ile 9 song & /ory !y h become
 ! symbol ( /eadfa/ness & /r5g?4  ,few  
realize ! importance t knots & cordage h
 play$ 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 b if x _h n be5 
= ^! simple & e-day ?+s1 :i* z a rule   

are giv5 f> too little consid]ation1 !  
human race c\ld nev] h develop$ beyond  
savages4 ,inde$1 ,i am n sure b x w\ld  
be safe to /ate t ! real diff]5ce betwe5
 civiliz$ & savage man consi/s l>gely 9 
! k ( knots & rope "w4 ,no clo? c\ld be 
wov51 no net or se9e knitt$1 no b[ /rung
 & no craft sail$ on lake or sea )\t    
num]\s knots & prop] l9es or ropes2 &   
,columbus himself w\ld h be5 f> m       
h&icapp$ )\t knots ?an )\t a compass4   
,hi/ory ab\nds ) m5tion ( knots1 & 9 !  
eigh? book ( ,odyssey ,ulysses is       
repres5t$ z secur+ v>i\s articles (     
raim5t by a rope fa/5$ 9 a knot clos$ ) 
,circean art2 & z fur!r pro( ( !        
prom95ce ! anci5ts gave to knots ! fam\s
 ,gordian ,knot may be m5tion$4         
,probably no "o w ev] le>n j h[ ?is     
fabul\s knot 0 ti$1 & l _m mod]n knots x
 0 d\btless f> easi] = ,alex&] to cut x 
?an to untie x4  ,! old sorc]]s us$     
knots 9 v>i\s ways1 & ! wit*es ( ,lapl& 
sold sailors s-call$ ,w9d ,knots1 :i* 7 
unti$ by ! sailors :5 !y desir$ a       

p>ticul> w9d4 ,ev5 mod]n conjurors &    
wiz>ds use knots ext5sively 9 _!        
exhibitions & ^u ! accuracy & mann] 9   
:i* _! knots are ti$ dep5ds ! success ( 
_! tricks4  ,9 h]aldry _m knots h be5   
us$ z symbols & badges & _m old ,coats (
 ,arms be> intricate & h&some knots1 or 
entw9$ ropes1 emblazon$ ^u !m4  ,z to ! 
utility ( knots & rope "w !re c be no   
"q4 ,a little k ( knots has sav$ _m a   
life 9 /orm & wreck1 & if e "o knew h[  
to quickly & securely tie a knot !re    
w\ld be f> few] casualties 9 hotel &    
simil> fires4 ,9 a ?\s& ways & times a k
 ( rope & knots is useful & _m times    
necess>y4 ,_m an accid5t has occurr$    
?r\gh a knot or splice be+ improp]ly    
=m$1 & ev5 9 ty+ an ord9>y bundle or    
rop+ a trunk or box few p tie a knot t  
is secure & yet readily undone & quickly
 made4 ,9 a life ( travel & adv5ture 9  
out-(-!-way places1 9 ya*t+ or boat+1 9 
hunt+ or fi%+1 & ev5 9 motor+1 to comm& 
a numb] ( good knots & splices is to    
make life saf]1 easi]1 & m enjoyable1   

aside f ! real pleasure "o may f9d 9    
le>n+ ! int]e/+ art ( knot-ty+4  ,?r\gh 
c\ntless ages ! v>i\s =ms ( knots &     
fa/5+s = rope1 cable1 or cord h be5     
develop$2 ! be/ k9ds be+ /eadily improv$
 & h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 :ile 
! poor or inf]ior fa/5+s h be5 disc>d$  
by ^? ^: call+s requir$ ! use ( cordage4
  ,gradually1 too1 ea* pr(ession or     
trade has adopt$ ! knots be/ suit$ to   
its requirem5ts1 & ?us we f9d !         
,sailor's ,knot2 ! ,weav]'s ,knot2      
,fi%]m5's knots2 ,build]s' knots2       
,but*]s' knots2 & _m o!rs :i* h tak5 _! 
names f ! use to :i* !y are especially  
adapt$4  ,9 addition to ^! useful knots1
 !re are _m k9ds ( ornam5tal or fancy   
knots us$ 9 ornam5t+ ! ends ( ropes1    
decorat+ %r\ds ( vessels1 rail+s1 &     
simil> objects2 :ile c]ta9 braids or    
plaits1 =m$ by a s]ies ( knots1 are     
widely us$ abo>d %ip & on l&4  ,9 _m    
cases ropes or cable mu/ be jo9$ 9 su* a
 way t !y pres5t a smoo? & ev5 surface &
 = su* purposes splices are us$1 :ile   

knots us$ m]ely z tempor>y fa/5+s & :i* 
mu/ be readily & quickly ti$ & unti$ are
 commonly kn[n z b5ds or hit*es4 ,oddly 
en\gh1 x is f> easi] to tie a poor knot 
?an a good "o1 & 9 n9ety-n9e cases out (
 a hundr$ ! tyro1 :5 attempt+ to jo9 two
 ropes toge!r1 w tie ei!r a slipp]y or a
 jamm+ knot & w seldom succe$ 9 mak+ a  
recogniz$ & %ip-%ape knot ( any sort4   
,! numb] ( knots1 ties1 b5ds1 hit*es1   
splices1 & %ort5+s 9 use is almo/       
unlimit$ & !y are mo/ confus+ & bewild]+
 to ! un9itiat$4 ,! mo/ useful &        
ornam5tal1 z well z ! mo/ reliable1 are 
comp>atively few 9 numb]1 & 9 reality   
ea* knot le>n$ leads readily to ano!r2 9
 ! foll[+ pages ,i h endeavor$ to       
describe !m 9 su* a mann] t _!          
con/ruction may be readily und]/ood &   
ma/]$4  ,,! ,,au?or4  ,,janu>y1 #aiag4  
,,*apt] ,i  ,,cordage   ,be=e tak+ up ! 
matt] ( knots & splices 9 detail x may  
be well to give att5tion to cordage 9   
g5]al4 ,cordage1 9 its broade/ s5se1    
includes all =ms & k9ds ( rope1 /r+1    

tw9e1 cable1 etc41 =m$ ( braid$ or twi/$
 /r&s4 ,9 mak+ a rope or l9e ! fibres   
7,a1 ,fig4 #a7 ( hemp1 jute1 cotton1 or 
o!r mat]ial are loosely twi/$ toge!r to 
=m :at is te*nically kn[n z a y>n 7,b1  
,fig4 #a74 ,:5 two or m y>ns are twi/$  
toge!r !y =m a /r& 7,c1 ,fig4 #a74 ,?ree
 or m /r&s =m a rope 7,d1 ,fig4 #a71 &  
?ree ropes =m a cable 7,e1 ,fig4 #a74   
,to =m a /r& ! y>ns are twi/$ toge!r 9 !
 opposite direction f t 9 :i* ! orig9al 
fibres 7 twi/$2 to =m a rope ! /r&s are 
twi/$ 9 ! opposite direction f ! y>ns ( 
! /r&s1 & to =m a cable ea* rope is     
twi/$ opposite f ! twi/ ( ! /r&s4 ,9 ?is
 way ! natural t5d5cy = ea* y>n1 /r&1 or
 rope to untwi/ s]ves to b9d or hold !  
:ole firmly toge!r 7,fig4 #a74          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,con/ruction 
( rope4  ,rope is usually ?ree-/r&$ & ! 
/r&s turn f left to "r or ) ! sun1 :ile 
cable is left-h&$ or twi/$ aga9/ ! sun  
7,e1 ,fig4 #a74 ,c]ta9 ropes1 su* z     
bolt-rope & mo/ cables1 are laid ar\nd a
 core 7,f1 ,fig4 #b7 or c5tral /r& & 9  

_m cases are f\r-/r&$ 7,fig4 #b74       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,bolt-rope4  
,! /r5g? ( a rope dep5ds l>gely ^u !    
/r5g? & l5g? ( ! fibres f :i* x is made1
 b ! am\nt ea* y>n & /r& is twi/$1 z    
well z ! me?od us$ 9 blea*+ or prep>+ ! 
fibres1 has mu* to d ) ! /r5g? ( ! f9i%$
 l9e4  ,r\ghly1 ! /r5g? ( ropes may be  
calculat$ by multiply+ ! circumf]5ce ( !
 rope 9 in*es by itself & ! fif? "p ( ! 
product w be ! numb] ( tons ! rope w    
su/a94 ,= example1 if ! rope is #e in*es
 9 circumf]5ce1 #e ,x #e  #be1 "o-fif? (
 :i* is #e1 ! numb] ( tons t c safely be
 c>ri$ on a #e-;in* rope4 ,to asc]ta9 ! 
weight ( ord9>y "r h& rope1 multiply !  
circumf]5ce 9 in*es by itself &         
multiply1 ! result by ! l5g? ( rope 9   
fa?oms & divide ! product by #c4ge4 ,=  
example1 to f9d ! weight ( a #e-;in*    
rope1 #ej fa?oms 9 l5g?3 #e ,x #e  #be2 
#be x #ej  #a1bej2 #a1bej _/ #c4ge      
#ccc-a_/c lbs4 ,^! figures apply to     
,manila or hemp rope1 :i* is ! k9d      
commonly us$1 b jute1 sisal-flax1 grass1

 & silk are also us$ consid]ably4       
,cotton rope is seldom us$ save = small 
h&-l9es1 clo!s-l9es1 tw9e1 etc41 :ile   
wire rope is l>gely us$ n[adays = rigg+ 
vessels1 d]ricks1 w9*es1 etc41 b z      
splic+ wire rope is diff]5t f ! me?od   
employ$ 9 fibre rope1 & z knots h no    
place 9 wire rigg+1 we w n consid] x4   
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,simple ,,knots ,,&      
,,b5ds   ,= conv5i5ce 9 h&l+ rope &     
le>n+ ! v>i\s knots1 ties1 & b5ds1 we   
use ! t]ms /&+ "p1 bight1 & end 7,fig4  
#c74 ,! ,/&+ ,"p is ! pr9cipal portion  
or longe/ "p ( ! rope2 ! ,bight is ! "p 
curv$ or b5t :ile work+ or h&l+2 :ile ! 
,end is t "p us$ 9 =m+ ! knot or hit*4  
,be=e comm5c+ "w ! loose ends or /r&s ( 
a rope %\ld be :ipp$ or seiz$ to prev5t 
! rope f unravell+2 & al?\gh an exp]t c 
readily tie almo/ any knot1 make a      
splice1 or 9 fact d pretty ne>ly any?+ )
 a loose-end$ rope1 yet x is a wise plan
 to inv>iably :ip ! end ( e rope1 cable1
 or haws] to be h&l$1 :ile a            
m>l9e-spike1 fid1 or po9t$ /ick w also  

prove ( great help 9 work+ rope4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,p>ts ( rope4 
,to :ip or seize a rope-end1 take a     
piece ( tw9e or /r+ & lay x on ! rope an
 in* or two f ! end1 pass ! tw9e sev]al 
times ar\nd ! rope1 keep+ ! ends ( !    
tw9e "u ! fir/ few turns to hold x 9    
place2 !n make a l>ge loop ) ! free end 
( tw9e2 br+ x back to ! rope & cont9ue  
w9d+ = ?ree or f\r turns ar\nd bo? rope 
& end ( tw9e2 & !n f9i% by draw+ ! loop 
tight by pull+ on ! free end 7,fig4 #d74
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,:ipp+4     
,all knots are begun by loops or r+s    
commonly kn[n to m>9]s z ,cuckolds'     
,necks 7,fig4 #e74 ,^! may be ei!r ov]h&
 or und]h&1 & :5 a seiz+ or fa/5+ ( tw9e
 is plac$ ar\nd ! two p>ts :]e !y cross 
a useful rope r+ kn[n z a cl9* is =m$   
7,fig4 #f74 ,if ! loose end ( ! rope is 
pass$ ov] ! /&+ "p & ?r\gh !            
cuckold's-neck1 ! simple/ ( all knots1  
kn[n z ! ,ov]h& ,knot1 is made 7,fig4   
#g74 ,?is drawn tight appe>s z 9 ,fig4  
#h1 & :ile s simple ?is knot is         

important1 z x is frequ5tly us$ 9 fa/5+ 
! ends ( y>ns & /r&s 9 splic+1 :ipp+1 & 
seiz+4 ,! ,figure-,eight ,knot is almo/ 
z simple z ! ov]h& & is pla9ly %[n 9    
,figs4 #i & #aj4 ,only a /ep beyond !   
figure-eight & ! ov]h& knots are !      
,squ>e & ,reef+ knots 7,figs4 #aa &     
#ab74 ,! squ>e knot is probably ! mo/   
useful & widely us$ ( any common knot & 
is ! be/ all-ar\nd knot kn[n4 ,x is v   
/rong1 nev] slips or becomes jamm$1 & is
 readily unti$4 ,to make a squ>e knot1  
take ! ends ( ! rope & pass ! left end  
ov] & "u ! "r end1 !n ! "r ov] & "u !   
left4 ,if y once le>n ! simple =mula (  
,left ov]1 ,"r ov]1 y w nev] make a     
mi/ake & =m ! despis$ ,granny1 a mo/    
useless1 bo!rsome1 & deceptive make%ift 
= any purpose 7,fig4 #ac74 ,! true ,reef
 ,knot is m]ely ! squ>e knot ) ! bight (
 ! left or "r end us$ in/ead ( ! end    
itself4 ,?is enables ! knot to be ca/ (f
 m readily ?an ! regul> squ>e knot 7,a1 
,fig4 #ab74 ,nei!r squ>e nor reef knots1
 h[ev]1 are reliable :5 ty+ two ropes ( 

unequal size toge!r1 = "u su* conditions
 !y w frequ5tly slip & appe> z 9 ,fig4  
#ad1 & soon] or lat] w pull ap>t4 ,to   
prev5t ?is ! ends may be ti$ or seiz$ z 
%[n 9 ,fig4 #ae4 ,a bett] way to jo9 two
 ropes ( unequal diamet] is to use !    
,op5-h& ,knot4 ,?is knot is %[n 9 ,fig4 
#af1 & is v quickly & easily made2 x    
nev] slips or gives1 b is r l>ge &      
clumsy1 & if too great a /ra9 is put on 
! rope x is m likely to break at ! knot 
?an at any o!r spot4 ,! ,fi%]man's      
,knot1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag1 is a good knot &
 is =m$ by two simple ov]h& knots slipp$
 ov] ea* rope1 & :5 drawn taut appe>s z 
9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,?is is an important &     
valuable knot = angl]s1 z ! two l9es may
 be drawn ap>t by tak+ hold ( ! ends1   
,a1 ,b1 & a ?ird l9e = a s9k]1 or extra 
hook1 may be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,9 jo9+  
gut l9es ! knot %\ld be left slightly   
op5 & ! space betwe5 wrapp$ ) silk4 ,?is
 is probably ! /ronge/ kn[n me?od (     
fa/5+ f9e l9es4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#e4--;,cuckolds' necks4  ,illu/ration3  

,,fig4 #f4--;,cl9*4  ,illu/ration3      
,,figs4 #g & #h4--,ov]h& knots4         
,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #i &              
#aj4--;,figure-eight knots4             
,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aa & #ab4--,squ>e
 knots4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#ac4--;,granny knot4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ad4--,slipp$ squ>e knot4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,squ>e knot )
 ends seiz$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#af4--,op5-h& knots4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ag4--;,fi%]man's knot 7mak+74   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,fi%]man's  
knot 7f9i%$74  ,! ,ord9>y ,knot1 = fa/5+
 heavy ropes1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,x is 
made by =m+ a simple knot & !n int]lac+ 
! o!r rope or foll[+ ar\nd1 z %[n 9     
,fig4 #bj4 ,?is knot is v /rong1 w n    
slip1 is easy to make1 & does n /ra9 !  
fibres ( ! rope4 ,moreov]1 ropes jo9$ ) 
?is knot w pay out1 or hang1 9 a /raight
 l9e4 ,by :ipp+ ! ends to ! /&+ p>ts x  
becomes a neat & h&some knot 7,fig4     
#ba74 ,! ,weav]'s ,knot 7,fig4 #bb7 is m
 useful 9 jo9+ small l9es1 or tw9e1 ?an 

= rope1 & = ?read x is )\t d\bt ! be/   
knot kn[n4 ,! ends are cross$ z 9 ,fig4 
#bc4 ,! end ,a is !n loop$ back ov] !   
end ,b1 & ! end ,b is slipp$ ?r\gh loop 
,c & drawn tight4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#ai4--,ord9>y knot 7f9i%$74             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,ord9>y knot 
7ty+74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#ba4--,ord9>y knot 7seiz$74             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,weav]'s knot
 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#bc4--,weav]'s knot 7ty+74  ,ano!r      
useful & h&some knot is illu/rat$ 9     
,fig4 #bd4 ,?is is a v>iation ( !       
figure-eight knot1 already describ$1 &  
is us$ :]e !re is too mu* rope1 or :]e a
 simple knot is desir$ to prev5t ! rope 
runn+ ?r\gh an eye1 r+1 or tackle-block4
 ,x is made by =m+ a regul> figure eight
 & !n foll[+ r\nd ) ! o!r rope z 9 ,fig4
 #be4 ,x is !n drawn taut & ! ends seiz$
 to ! /&+ "p if desir$4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #bd4--;,d\ble figure-eight knot  
7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#be4--;,d\ble figure-eight knot 7ty+74  

,sometimes we h occasion to jo9 two     
heavy or /iff ropes or haws]s1 & = ?is  
purpose ! ,g>rick ,b5d 7,fig4 #bf7 is   
preem95tly ! be/ ( all knots4 ,to make  
?is knot1 =m a bight by lay+ ! end ( a  
rope on top ( & across ! /&+ "p4 ,next  
take ! end ( ! o!r rope & pass x ?r\gh  
?is bight1 fir/ d[n1 !n up1 ov] ! cross 
& d[n ?r\gh ! bight aga91 s t x comes   
out on ! opposite side f ! o!r end1 ?us 
br++ "o end on top & ! o!r bel[1 z      
illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,if ! l9es are v 
/iff or heavy ! knot may be secur$ by   
seiz+ ! ends to ! /&+ p>ts4 ,a mu*      
simpl] & a f> poor] knot is sometimes   
us$ 9 fa/5+ two heavy ropes toge!r4 ,?is
 is a simple hit* )9 a loop1 z illu/rat$
 9 ,fig4 #bh1 b :ile x has ! advantage (
 be+ quickly & easily ti$ x is s inf]ior
 to ! ,g>rick b5d t ,i advise all to    
adopt ! latt] 9 its place4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,g>rick b5d 
7f9i%$74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#bg4--;,g>rick b5d 7ty+74  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #bh4--,simple hit* 7haws]74  ,:5

 two heavy l9es are to be fa/5$ = any   
consid]able "t1 a good me?od is to use !
 ,half-hit* & ,seiz+1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi4  
,?is is a secure & easy me?od ( fa/5+   
ropes toge!r & x all[s ! rope to be h&l$
 m easily1 & to pass ar\nd a w9* or to  
be coil$ mu* m readily1 ?an :5 o!r knots
 are us$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#bi4--;,half-hit* & seiz+4     ,,*apt]  
,,iii  ,,ties ,,& ,,hit*es   ,all !     
knots ,i h s f> describ$ are us$ ma9ly =
 fa/5+ ! two ends ( a rope1 or ( two    
ropes1 toge!r4 ,( q a diff]5t class are 
! knots us$ 9 mak+ a rope fa/ to a      
/ation>y or solid object1 & are kn[n z  
hit*es or ties4  ,"o ( ! easie/ ( ?is   
class to make & "o :i* is v useful 9    
fa/5+ a boat or o!r object :]e x may be 
necess>y to release x quickly is !      
,l>k's ,head 7,fig4 #cj74 ,to make ?is  
tie1 pass a bight ( y\r rope ?r\gh ! r+1
 or o!r object1 to :i* y are mak+ fa/ & 
!n pass a m>l9e-spike1 a billet ( wood1 
or any simil> object ?r\gh ! sides ( !  
bight & "u or beh9d ! /&+ "p1 z %[n 9   

,a1 ,fig4 #cj4 ,! end ( ! rope may !n be
 laid ov] & "u ! /&+ "p & back ov]      
itself4 ,?is knot may be in/antly       
releas$ by m]ely pull+ out ! toggle4    
,almo/ z quickly made & unfa/5$ is !    
,slipp]y ,hit* 7,fig4 #cb74 ,to make    
?is1 run ! end ( ! rope ?r\gh ! r+ or   
eye to :i* x is be+ fa/5$1 !n back ov] !
 /&+ "p & pull a loop1 or bight1 back   
?r\gh ! cuckold's neck ?us =m$ 7,fig4   
#cc74 ,to untie1 m]ely pull on ! free   
end4 ,two half-hit*es1 ei!r ar\nd a po/ 
or timb] or ar\nd ! /&+ "p ( ! rope1    
make an ideal & quickly ti$ fa/5+       
7,figs4 #cd & #ce74 ,to make ^!1 pass ! 
end ar\nd ! po/1 r+1 or o!r object1 !n  
ov] & ar\nd ! /&+ "p betwe5 ! po/ &     
itself1 !n "u & ar\nd ! /&+ "p & betwe5 
its own loop & ! fir/ "o =m$4 ,aft] a   
little practice y c tie ?is knot almo/  
in/antly & by m]ely ?r[+ a c\ple ( turns
 ar\nd a po/1 two half-hit*es may be =m$
 in/antly4 ,?is knot w hold =ev] )\t    
loos5+1 & ev5 on a smoo?1 r\nd /ick or  
sp> x w /& an enorm\s /ra9 )\t slipp+4  

,a m secure knot = ?is same purpose is !
 ,clove ,hit* 7,fig4 #cf71 sometimes    
kn[n z ! ,build]s' ,hit*4 ,to make ?is1 
pass ! end ( rope ar\nd ! sp> or timb]1 
!n ov] itself2 ov] & ar\nd ! sp>1 & pass
 ! end "u itself & betwe5 rope & sp>1 z 
%[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! ,clove hit* )   
ends knott$ becomes ! ,gunn]s' ,knot    
7,fig4 #cg74 ,^! are among ! mo/        
valuable & important ( knots & are      
useful 9 a ?\s& & "o places4 ,! ,clove  
hit* w hold fa/ on a smoo? timb] & is   
us$ ext5sively by build]s = fa/5+ !     
/age+ to ! upright po/s4 ,x is also     
useful 9 mak+ a t[-l9e fa/ to a wet sp>1
 or timb]1 & ev5 on a slimy & slipp]y   
spile x w seldom slip4 ,= ?is purpose ! 
,timb] ,hit* 7,fig4 #ch7 is ev5 bett]   
?an ! ,clove hit*4 ,x is easily made by 
pass+ ! end ( a rope ar\nd ! sp> or log1
 r\nd ! /&+ "p ( ! rope & !n twi/ x ?ree
 or m times ar\nd1 "u & ov] itself4 ,if 
y wi% ?is /ill m secure1 a s+le         
half-hit* may be tak5 ) ! l9e a c\ple ( 
feet fur!r along ! sp> 7,fig4 #ci74     

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,l>k's head )
 toggle 7,a74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#ca4--,l>k's head ) toggle 7,a7 )drawn4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,slipp]y hit*
 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#cc--,slipp]y hit* 7ty+74  ,illu/ration3
 ,,figs4 #cd & #ce4--;,half-hit*es4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf ,a4--,clove    
hit* or build]'s hit* 7ty+74            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf ,b4--,clove    
hit* 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#cg4--;,gunn]'s knot4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #ch4--,timb] hit*4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #ci4--,timb] hit* & half-hit*4  
,x is rem>kable :at p[] to grip a twi/$ 
rope has1 & ! ,twi/ ,knots %[n 9 ,figs4 
#dj & #da illu/rate two ways ( mak+ fa/ 
:i* are really n knots at all b m]ely   
twi/s4 ,^! may be f9i%$ by a simple     
knot1 or a b[-knot1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db1 b
 !y are likely to jam "u great pressure 
& are ma9ly useful 9 ty+ packages1 or   
bundles1 ) small cord1 :]e ! l9e mu/ be 
held taut until ! knot is complet$4 ,?is
 pr9ciple ( fa/5+ by twi/$ rope is also 

utiliz$ 9 ! ,catspaw 7,fig4 #dc71 a mo/ 
useful knot or hit* = hoi/+ ) a hook4   
,to make ?is1 pass ! bight ( y\r rope   
ov] ! end & /&+ "p1 !n1 ) a bight 9 ea* 
h&1 take ?ree twi/s f y1 !n br+ ! two   
bights side by side & ?r[ ov] ! hook    
7,fig4 #dd74  ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #dj 
& #da4--,twi/s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#db4--,twi/ ) b[4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#dc4--;,catspaw4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#dd4--;,catspaw 7ty+74  ,! ,blackwall   
,hit* 7,fig4 #de7 is /ill simpl] & easi]
 to make & m]ely consi/s ( a loop1 or   
cuckold's neck1 ) ! end ( rope pass$    
und]nea? ! /&+ "p & across ! hook s t z 
soon z pressure is ex]t$ ! /&+ "p be>s  
on ! end & jams x aga9/ ! hook4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--;,blackwall  
hit*4  ,! ,*a9 ,hit* 7,fig4 #df7 is a v 
/rong me?od ( fa/5+ a l9e to a timb]1 or
 l>ge rope1 :]e "o has a rope (         
suffici5t l5g?1 & is us$ frequ5tly to   
help haul 9 a l>ge rope or = simil>     
purposes4 ,x consi/s simply ( a numb] ( 
half-hit*es tak5 at int]vals ar\nd !    

object & is sometimes us$ ) a lev] or   
h&spike1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,! ,roll+   
,hit* is a modifi$ ,clove hit* & is %[n 
9 ,fig4 #dh4 ,! ,magnus ,hit* 7,fig4    
#di7 is a me?od frequ5tly us$ on %ipbo>d
 = hold+ sp>s2 & ! ,/udd+-sail ,b5d     
7,fig4 #ej7 is also us$ = ?is purpose4  
,occasions sometimes arise :]e a tackle1
 hook1 r+1 or ano!r rope mu/ be fa/5$ to
 a beam by ! same rope be+ us$1 & 9 su* 
cases ! ,rob& ,hit* 7,fig4 #ea7 comes 9 
v h&y4 ,^! are all s simple & easily    
und]/ood f ! figures t no explanation is
 necess>y4 ,almo/ z simple are !        
,mid%ipman's ,hit* 7,fig4 #eb71 !       
,fi%]man's ,hit* 7,fig4 #ec71 & ! ,gaff 
,topsail ,haly>d ,b5d 7,fig4 #ed74 ,!   
mid%ipman's hit* is made by tak+ a      
half-hit* ar\nd ! /&+ "p & a r\nd turn  
twice ar\nd above x4 ,! fi%]man's hit*  
is p>ticul>ly useful 9 mak+ fa/ l>ge    
haws]s2 ) ! end ( a rope take two turns 
ar\nd a sp>1 or ?r\gh a r+2 take a      
half-hit* ar\nd ! /&+ "p & "u all !     
turns2 !n a half-hit* r\nd ! /&+ "p only

 & if desir$ seize ! end to /&+ "p4 ,!  
gaff-topsail b5d is =m$ by pass+ two    
turns ar\nd ! y>d & com+ up on a ?ird   
turn ov] bo? ! fir/ two turns2 ov] its  
own "p & "o turn2 !n /ick ! end "u !    
fir/ turn4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#df4--;,*a9 hit*4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#dg4--;,*a9 hit* ) b>4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #dh4--,roll+ hit*4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #di4--,magnus hit*4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,/udd+-sail  
b5d4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea          
,a4--,rob& hit* 7front74  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ea ,b4--,rob& hit* 7back74      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,mid%ipman's 
hit*4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4             
#ec4--;,fi%]man's hit*4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #ed4--;,gaff-topsail haly>d b5d4 
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,nooses1 ,,loops ,,&     
,,moor+ ,,knots   ,no?+ is m int]e/+ to 
a l&sman ?an ! mann] 9 :i* a sailor     
h&les huge1 dripp+ haws]s or cables & ) 
a few deft turns makes !n fa/ to a      
pi]-head or spile1 9 su* a way t ! %ip's
 w9*es1 w>p+ ! huge /ructure to or f !  

dock1 d n cause ! slighte/ give or slip 
to ! rope & yet1 a mom5t lat]1 ) a few  
quick motions1 ! l9e is ca/ (f1 tight5$ 
up anew1 or paid out z requir$4 ,clove  
hit*es1 us$ z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ee1 &  
kn[n z ! ,wat]man's ,knot1 are (t5 us$1 
) a man hold+ ! free end1 = 9 ?is way a 
slight pull holds ! knot fa/1 :ile a    
little slack gives ! knot a *ance to    
slip )\t giv+ way entirely & )\t ex]t+  
any appreciable pull on ! man hold+ !   
end4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4              
#ee4--,wat]man's knot4  ,l>ks' ,heads   
are also us$ 9 conjunction ) a runn+    
noose1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ef1 :ile a few    
turns "u & ov] & ar\nd a cleat1 or ab\t 
two spiles1 is a me?od easily und]/ood &
 univ]sally us$ by sailors 7,fig4 #eg74 
,! sailor's knot p> excell5ce1 h[ev]1 is
 ! ,b[-l9e 7,fig4 #eh71 & :]ev] we f9d  
sailors1 or seam51 we w f9d ?is knot 9  
"o or ano!r ( its v>i\s =ms4 ,:5 y c    
readily & surely tie ?is knot e "t1 y   
may feel y\rself on ! road to           
,m>l9e-spike ,seaman%ip1 = x is a true  

sailor's knot & nev] slips1 jams1 or    
fails2 is easily & quickly unti$1 & is  
useful 9 a hundr$ places ar\nd boats or 
9 fact 9 any walk ( life4 ,! knot 9 its 
v>i\s /ages is well %[n 9 ,fig4 #ei & by
 foll[+ ^! illu/rations y w und]/& x mu*
 bett] ?an by a description alone4 ,9 ,a
 ! rope is %[n ) a bight or cuckold's   
neck =m$ ) ! end ov] ! /&+ "p4 ,pass ,a 
back ?r\gh ! bight1 "u1 !n ov]1 !n "u1 z
 %[n 9 ,b1 !n ov] & d[n ?r\gh ! bight1 z
 %[n 9 ,c & ,d1 & draw taut1 z 9 ,e4 ,! 
,b[-l9e on a ,bight 7,fig #fj7 is j z   
easily made & is v useful 9 sl++ casks  
or b>rels & 9 =m+ a seat = m5 to be l[]$
 ov] cliffs1 or build+s1 or to be hoi/$ 
al(t abo>d %ip = pa9t+1 clean+1 or      
rigg+4 ,a ,runn+ ,b[-l9e 7,fig4 #fa7 is 
m]ely a b[-l9e ) ! end pass$ ?r\gh !    
loop1 ?us =m+ a slip knot4 ,o!r ,loops  
are made z %[n 9 ,figs4 #fb-fe1 b none (
 ^! are z safe1 sure1 & useful z !      
b[-l9e4 ,"o ( ^! knots1 kn[n z !        
,tomfool ,knot 7,fig4 #ff71 is us$ z    
h&cuffs & has become q fam\s1 ow+ to its

 hav+ baffl$ a numb] ( ,h&cuff ,k+s &   
o!r p]=m]s :o readily escap$ f common   
knots & manacles4 ,x is made l ! runn+  
knot 7,fig4 #fb71 & ! firm end is !n    
pass$ ?r\gh ! op51 simple knot s z to =m
 a d\ble loop or b[4 ,if ! h&s or wri/s 
are plac$ )9 ^! loops & ! latt] drawn   
taut1 & ! loose ends ti$ firmly ar\nd ! 
c5tral "p1 a pair ( wond]fully secure   
h&cuffs results4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ef4--,l>ks' heads & runn+ noose4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,cleat & :>f
 ties4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#eh4--;,b[-l9e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#ei4--,ty+ b[-l9e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #fj4--;,b[-l9e on bight4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #fa4--,runn+ b[-l9e4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--,loop knot4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--,loop knot4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--,loop knot4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--,loop knot4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--,tomfool     
knot4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,%ort5+s1        
,,grommets1 ,,& ,,selvagees   ,9 _m     
cases a rope may prove too long = our   

use or ! free ends may be awkw>d1 or 9 !
 way4 ,at su* times a k ( %ort5+s is    
valuable4 ,!re are q a v>iety ( ^!      
useful knots1 ne>ly all ( :i* are r     
h&some & ornam5tal1 9 fact a numb] ( !m 
are 9 con/ant use abo>d %ip m]ely =     
ornam5t4  ,! simple/ =m ( %ort5+1 %[n 9 
,fig4 #fg1 is a v>iation ( ! common &   
simple ov]h& knot already describ$ &    
illu/rat$4 ,^! knots are =m$ by pass+ ! 
end ( a rope twice or m times ?r\gh !   
loop ( ! simple knot & !n draw+ x tight 
7,fig4 #fh74 ,!y are kn[n z ,d\ble1     
,treble1 ,f\rfold1 or ,sixfold knots &  
are us$ to prev5t a rope f pass+ ?r\gh a
 r+ or block z well z = %ort5+4 ,all    
gradations f ! d\ble to ! sixfold are   
%[n 9 ,fig4 #fi1 bo? 9 process ( mak+ & 
z !y appe> :5 drawn taut4 ,ano!r v      
simple =m ( %ort5+ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gj & 
is kn[n z ! ,s+le ,plait1 or ,*a9 ,knot4
 ,to make ?is %ort5+1 make a runn+ loop 
7,a1 ,fig4 #gj71 !n draw a bight ( !    
rope ?r\gh ?is loop1 z %[n at ,b1 draw  
ano!r bight ?r\gh ?is1 z at ,c to ,d1 & 

cont9ue 9 ?is way until ! rope is %ort5$
 to ! desir$ l5g?2 ! free end %\ld !n be
 fa/5$ by pass+ a bit ( /ick ?r\gh ! la/
 loop1 ,f1 or by runn+ ! free end ?r\gh 
! la/ loop1 z at ,e4 ,to undo ?is       
%ort5+1 x is only necess>y to slip out !
 free end1 or ! bit ( wood1 & pull on ! 
end1 :5 ! entire knot w quickly unravel4
 ,! ,twi/1 or ,d\ble ,*a91 is made 9 a  
simil> mann] b is comm5c$ ,9 a diff]5t  
way 7,a1 ,fig4 #ga74 ,x may also be made
 ) ?ree sep>ate pieces ( l9e1 z %[n 9   
,b1 ,fig4 #ga4 ,hold ! d\ble loop 9 !   
left h&2 ! "p ,a is !n br\ght ov] ,b2 ) 
a half turn ,b is cross$ ov] to ,a1 & !n
 proce$ z 9 ! ord9>y ?ree-/r& plait     
until ! end ( loop is rea*$1 :5 ! loose 
end is fa/5$ by pass+ ?r\gh ! bight & ! 
complet$ %ort5+ appe>s z 9 ,fig4 #gb4   
,?is same process is (t5 us$ by         
,mexicans & ,we/]n]s 9 mak+ bridles1    
head/alls1 etc41 ( lea!r4 ,! lea!r to be
 us$ is slit l5g?wise f ne> "o end to   
ne> ! o!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gc1 & ! braid 
is =m$ z describ$4 ,! result appe>s z 9 

,fig4 #gd1 & 9 ?is way ! ends ( ! lea!r 
/rap rema9 uncut1 & ?us mu* /rong] &    
neat] ?an !y w\ld be 7 ?ree sep>ate     
/rips us$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#fg4--,tw(old %ort5+ 7mak+74            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--,tw(old      
%ort5+ 7taut74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#fi4--,?ree- & fivefold %ort5+4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,s+le plait  
or monkey *a9 7mak+74  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #gj ,f4--,monkey *a9 or s+le     
plait 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#ga4--,twi/ braid 7mak+74  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #gb4--,twi/ braid 7complete74   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,lea!r cut to
 braid4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#gd4--,lea!r braid 7complete74  ,ano!r  
h&some knot = %ort5+ is ! m highly      
ornam5tal ,op5 ,*a9 7,fig4 #ge74 ,make !
 fir/ loop ( ! rope secure by a twi/ ( !
 rope & !n pass ! loose end ?r\gh !     
prec$+ loop1 to "r & left alt]nately1   
until ! knot is complete4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #ge4--,op5 *a94  ,! simple/ (   
all %ort5+s consi/s ( a loop tak5 9 !   

rope ) ! bights seiz$ to ! /&+ "p 7,fig4
 #gf74 ,?is is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to
 heavy rope or :]e a %ort5+ mu/ be made 
quickly4 ,fig4 #gg %[s ano!r v simple   
%ort5+1 :i* requires no description4    
,?is w n )/& a v great /ra9 b is secure 
f unty+ by accid5t & is v useful = tak+ 
up sp>e rope ( la%+s on bundles or      
baggage4 ,%eep%anks1 or ,dog%anks1 are  
widely us$ = %ort5+ rope1 especially :]e
 bo? ends are fa/1 z !y c be readily    
made 9 ! c5tre ( a ti$ rope4 ,!re are   
sev]al =ms ( ^! useful knots4 ,! be/ &  
mo/ secure =m is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gh4 ,a    
simple runn+ knot is fir/ made2 a b5d is
 pu%$ ?r\gh ! loop1 :i* is !n drawn     
taut2 ! o!r end ( ! b5d is fa/5$ 9 a    
simil> mann] & ! %ort5+ is complete4 ,a 
mu* simpl] =m is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gi1 b ?is 
c h>dly be dep5d$ ^u unless ! ends are  
seiz$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hj4 ,figs4 #ha-hb 
illu/rate two o!r =ms ( %ort5+s1 b ^! c 
only be us$ :]e ! end ( ! rope is free1 
& are int5d$ = m p]man5t fa/5+s ?an !   
ord9>y %eep%ank2 :ile ,fig4 #hc is      

p>ticul>ly adapt$ to be ca/ loose at a  
mom5t's notice by j]k+ out ! toggles1   
,a1 ,b4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#gf4--,seiz$ %ort5+4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #gg4--;,b[ %ort5+4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #gh4--,%eep%ank4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #gi4--;,ano!r %eep%ank4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--,%eep%ank )  
ends seiz$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#ha4--,%eep%ank = free-end$ rope4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,%eep%ank =  
free-end$ rope4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#hc4--,%eep%ank ) toggle4  ,grommets are
 r\nd1 endless r+s ( rope useful 9 a    
myriad ways abo>d %ip z well z a%ore4   
,!y are (t5 us$ z h&les = *e/s1 = r+s ) 
:i* to play quoits1 to l5g!n rope1 & 9  
_m simil> ways4 ,! grommet is =m$ ( a   
s+le /r& ( rope five times z long z !   
circumf]5ce ( ! grommet :5 complete4    
,take ! /r& & lay "o end across ! o!r at
 ! size ( loop requir$ & ) ! long end   
foll[ ! grooves or lay ( ! /r& until    
back to :]e y />t$ 7,fig4 #hd71 ?us =m+ 
a two-/r&$ r+4 ,!n cont9ue twi/+ ! free 

end betwe5 ! turns already made until ! 
?ree-/r& r+ is complete 7,fig4 #he74 ,n[
 f9i% & secure ! ends by mak+ ov]h&     
knots1 pass ! ends und]nea? ! ne>e/ /r&s
 & trim ends (f close 7,fig4 #hf74 ,if  
c>e is tak5 & y rememb] to keep a /rong 
twi/ on ! /r& :ile lay+ up ! grommet1 ! 
f9i%$ r+ w be z firm & smoo? & endless z
 ! orig9al rope4  ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 
#hd1 #he1 & #hf4--;,grommet complete &  
mak+4  ,a ,sevagee or ,selvagee /rap is 
ano!r k9d ( r+ 7,fig4 #hg74 ,?is is made
 by pass+ a numb] ( /r&s or y>ns ar\nd  
p9s or nails set 9 a bo>d 7,fig4 #hh71 &
 b9d+ ! :ole toge!r ) a seiz+ ( y>n or  
m>l9e 7,fig4 #hi74 ,^! are /rong1       
durable /raps mu* us$ = blocks abo>d    
%ip1 = h&les to boxes & *e/s1 & 9 _m    
simil> ways4 ,a ,flemi% ,eye 7,fig4 #ij7
 is an eye made 9 a mann] mu* l t       
employ$ 9 =m+ ! selvagee /rap4 ,take a  
sp> or piece ( wood ! size ( ! int5d$   
eye ,a4 ,ar\nd ?is wood lay a numb] (   
pieces ( y>n or m>l9e1 ,b1 ,b1 ,b1 &    
fa/5 !m by ty+ ) tw9e z at ,c4 ,:ip !   

piece ( rope 9 :i* eye is to be =m$ &   
unravel & op5 out ! /r&s z at ,d4 ,lap !
 y>ns ov] ! wood & ! /ops ,b1 & fa/5    
toge!r by ov]h& knots ,e1 worm ! free   
ends "u & ov] & !n br+ up ! ends ( !    
/ops ,b & tie ar\nd ! /r&s ( eye z %[n4 
,! eye may be f9i%$ neatly by :ipp+ all 
ar\nd ) y>n or m>l9e1 & w !n appe> z 9  
,fig4 #ij ,b4 ,an ,artificial ,eye      
7,fig4 #ia7 is /ill ano!r =m ( eye :i* w
 be f\nd useful & 9 "s ways easi] &     
quick] to make ?an a splic$ eye1 besides
 be+ /rong]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#hg4--,selvagee /rap4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #hh4--,selvagee bo>d4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4--,seiz+ a     
selvagee /rap4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij
 ,a4--,mak+ ,flemi% eye4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ij ,b4--,flemi% eye 7complete74 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4--;,artificial 
eye4  ,take ! end ( a rope & unlay "o   
/r&2 place ! two rema9+ /r&s back       
alongside ( ! /&+ "p 7,fig4 #ib74 ,pass 
! loose /r& :i* has be5 unlaid ov] !    
end1 & foll[ ar\nd ! spaces betwe5 ! two

 /r&s & !n ar\nd eye1--z 9 mak+ a       
grommet1--until x returns d[n ! /&+ "p &
 lies "u ! eye ) ! /r&s 7,fig4 #ic74 ,!n
 divide ! /r&s1 tap] !m d[n1 & :ip !    
:ole ) y>n or m>l9e 7,fig4 #id74        
,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ib & #ic4--,mak+ 
artificial eye4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#id4--;,artificial eye 7:ipp$74  ,/ill  
ano!r eye :i* at times w be useful is ! 
,?roat ,seiz+1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ie4 ,?is is 
made by op5+ ! end slightly & la%+ x to 
! /&+ "p z %[n4 ,ano!r r+ sometimes us$ 
is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #if1 & is easily & 
quickly made by la%+ ! two ends ( a %ort
 rope to ! /&+ "p ( ano!r4 ,cuckolds'   
necks ) la%+s or ,cl9*es are also us$ = 
! same purpose4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#ie4--,?roat seiz+4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #if4--,la%$ cut-splice4          
,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,la%+s1 ,,seiz+s1        
,,splices1 ,,etc4   ,almo/ any "o c la% 
a rope m or less satisfactorily1 b a k (
 h[ to d ?is prop]ly & 9 ! mann] be/    
suit$ to ea* case is ( great importance 
to seam5 & o!rs hav+ occasion to h&le   

ropes1 rigg+1 or 9 fact any cordage4  ,!
 v>ieties ( la%+s1 seiz+s1 :ipp+s1 &    
s]v+s are almo/ innum]able1 b a few ( ! 
be/ & mo/ frequ5tly us$ are ! ,w$d+     
,knot or ,rose ,la%+1 ! ,deadeye ,la%+1 
! ,belay+-p9 ,splice1 ! ,necklace ,tie1 
! ,close ,b&1 & ,end ,po9t+s4 ,! rose   
la%+ 7,fig4 #ig7 is us$ to jo9 two eyes 
or ropes f9i%$ ) loops4 ,! deadeye la%+ 
7,fig4 #ih7 is frequ5tly us$ on %ips'   
/&+ rigg+ & is a famili> sight to e "o  
:o has se5 a sail+-vessel4 ,x consi/s ( 
a small l9e reev$ back & =? ?r\gh !     
holes 9 ! deadeyes1 ,a2 ! ends are !n   
seiz$ to ! /&+ rigg+ to prev5t slipp+4  
,?is la%+ admits ( easy & rapid l5g!n+  
or %ort5+ ( ! rigg+ & is p>ticul>ly     
useful 9 connection ) wire cable4 ,a    
simil> me?od may be us$ ) loops in/ead (
 deadeyes 7,fig4 #ii74 ,! belay+-p9     
splice1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajj1 is a quick &  
h&y way ( fa/5+ two ropes toge!r & is ( 
great value :5 rigg+ is c>ri$ away & "s 
quick me?od ( jo9+ ! sev]$ ends is      
requir$4 ,pass a belay+-p9 or simil>    

toggle ?r\gh an eye or loop 9 "o end ( a
 rope & pass ?is ?r\gh a loop or eye 9 !
 brok5 rope end4 ,=m a loop 9 ! o!r     
brok5 end1 slip ! free end ( ! lany>d   
?r\gh ?is & ar\nd ano!r toggle or p9 &  
haul taut2 !n fa/5 by half-hit*es ar\nd 
/&+ "p 7,a1 ,fig4 #ajj71 or by seiz+    
7,b1 ,fig4 #ajj74 ,?is is a /rong1      
reliable fa/5+ & c be tight5$ up or     
in/antly ?r[n (f at w4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #ig4--,rose la%+4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ih4--;,deadeye la%+4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4--,loop la%+4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4--;,belay+-p9 
splice4  ,! necklace tie is useful 9    
hold+ two ropes1 haws]s1 or timb]s side 
by side 7,fig4 #aja74 ,! la%+ is pass$  
ar\nd & ar\nd ! two objects to be jo9$ &
 ! ends secur$ by a squ>e knot pass$    
ar\nd ! b& l5g?wise4 ,! close b& is us$ 
= ! same purposes z ! la/ & is made 9 ! 
same mann]1 b ! ends are fa/5$ by draw+ 
?r\gh b5ea? ! turns 7,fig4 #ajb74       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--,necklace   
tie4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4              

#ajb4--;,close b&4  ,end po9t+s are v   
useful z well z ornam5tal1 = :ile an    
ord9>y seiz+ or :ipp+ w prev5t ! /r&s f 
unravell+1 ! ends are broad & clumsy &  
(t5times are too l>ge to pass ?r\gh a   
block or eye l>ge en\gh = ! re/ ( !     
rope4 ,! ord9>y way ( po9t+ a rope is to
 fir/ :ip z describ$ 7,fig4 #d71 & !n   
unlay ! end z = ! ,flemi% eye4 ,take out
 ab\t two-?irds ( ! y>ns & twi/ ea* 9   
two4 ,take two p>ts ( diff]5t y>ns &    
twi/ toge!r ) f+] & ?umb1 keep+ ! lay on
 ! y>n & ?us =m+ left-h&$ /uff kn[n z   
nettles4 ,comb out ! re/ ( ! y>n ) a    
knife1 leav+ a few to lay back ^u !     
rope4 ,n[ pass ?ree turns ( tw9e l a    
timb]-hit* tightly ar\nd ! "p :]e !     
nettles sep>ate & fa/5 ! tw9e1 & :ile   
pass+ ?is w>p lay ! nettles backw>d &   
=w>d ) ea* turn4 ,! ends are n[ :ipp$ ) 
tw9e or y>n & f9ally snak$1 :i* is done 
by tak+ ! end "u & ov] ! out] turns ( ! 
seiz+ alt]nately4 ,if ! rope is small a 
/ick is (t5 put 9 ! upp] "p to /r5g!n x 
or ! tip maybe f9i%$ ) a small eye4 ,if 

prop]ly done a po9t$ rope is v h&some & 
appe>s z 9 ,b1 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,ano!r simple
 way ( f9i%+ a rope end is to seize !   
end1 z at ,a1 ,fig4 #ajd1 & op5 out !   
/r&s1 br+ ! /r&s back alongside ! rope1 
& :ip ! :ole 7,fig4 #aje74              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4--,po9t+ a    
rope4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4             
#ajd4--;,end+ rope4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #aje4--;,end+ rope4  ,splic+ is1 
9 _m cases1 m useful & bett] ?an ty+ or 
b5d+ ropes toge!r & a good splice always
 looks neat] & m %ip-%ape ?an a knot1 no
 matt] h[ well-made x may be4 ,a p]son  
famili> ) splic+ w turn 9 a splice almo/
 z quickly z ! ord9>y man c tie a secure
 knot1 & 9 _m cases1 :]e ! rope mu/ pass
 ?r\gh %eaves or blocks1 a splice is    
absolutely necess>y to fa/5 two ropes or
 two p>ts ( a p>t$ rope toge!r4 ,!      
simple/ ( all splices is kn[n z ! ,%ort 
,splice 7,fig4 #ajf74 ,?is is made z    
foll[s3 ,untwi/ ! ends ( ! rope = a few 
in*es & seize ) tw9e to prev5t fur!r    
unw9d+1 z %[n at ,a1 ,a2 also seize !   

end ( ea* /r& to prev5t unravell+ &     
grease or wax ! /r&s until smoo? & ev54 
,n[ place ! two ends ( ! ropes toge!r z 
%[n at ,b1 ,b4 ,!n ) a m>l9e-spike1 or a
 po9t$ /ick1 "w op5 ! /r& #a c1 & ?r\gh 
?is pass ! /r& ,a ( ! o!r rope2 !n op5  
/r& #b & pass ! next /r& ( ! o!r rope   
?r\gh x & !n ! same way ) ! ?ird /r&4   
,next op5 up ! /r&s ( ! o!r rope1 bel[ !
 seiz+1 & pass ! /r&s ( ! fir/ rope     
?r\gh z be=e1 #c ,a1 ,b4 ,! ropes w n[  
appe> z 9 ,fig4 #ajf1 ,d4 ,n[ untwi/ !  
six /r&s & cut away ab\t half ! y>ns f  
ea* & seize ! ends z be=e2 pass ^! r$uc$
 /r&s ?r\gh "u ! :ole /r&s ( ! rope--!  
/r&s ( ! left "u ! /r&s ( ! "r rope &   
vice v]sa--= two or ?ree lays & !n cut  
(f project+ ends1 aft] draw+ all z tight
 z y c4 ,if an extra-neat splice is     
desir$ ! /r&s %\ld be gradually tap]$ z 
y proce$1 & 9 ?is way a splice b little 
l>g] ?an ! orig9al diamet] ( ! rope w   
result4 ,! only difficulty y w f9d 9    
mak+ ?is splice is 9 gett+ ! /r&s to    
come toge!r 9 su* a way t two /r&s w n  

run "u ! same /r& ( ! opposite rope4 ,to
 avoid ?is1 be> 9 m9d t ! fir/ /r& mu/  
be pass$ ov] ! /r& :i* is fir/ next to x
 & ?r\gh "u ! second & out betwe5 !     
second & ?ird4 ,9 ! foll[+ op]ations !  
/r&s are pass$ ov] ! ?ird & "u ! f\r?2 b
 ! figures w make ?is p]fectly cle>4 ,a 
f> bett] & /rong] splice is ! ,long     
,splice1 :i* w run ?r\gh any block or   
tackle :i* w admit ! rope itself2 inde$1
 a well-made long splice _c be di/+ui%$ 
f ! rope itself aft] a few days' use    
7,fig4 #ajg74 ,to make ?is useful       
splice1 unlay ! ends ( ! rope ab\t f\r  
times z mu* z = ! %ort splice1 or f f\r 
to five feet1 unlay "o /r& 9 ea* rope = 
half z mu* aga92 place ! middle /r&s    
toge!r z at ,a1 !n ! additional /r&s w  
appe> z at ,b & ,c1 & ! spiral groove1  
left :]e !y 7 unlaid1 w appe> z at ,d & 
,e4 ,take (f ! two c5tral /r&s1 ,f & ,g1
 & lay !m into ! grooves1 ,d1 ,e1 until 
!y meet ,b & ,c1 & be sure & keep !m    
tightly twi/$ :ile s do+4 ,!n take /r&s 
,h & ,j1 cut out half ! y>ns 9 ea*1 make

 an ov]h& knot 9 !m & tuck ! ends "u !  
next lays z 9 a %ort splice4 ,d ! same )
 /r&s ,b1 ,c & ,f1 ,g2 divid+1 knott+1 &
 /ick+ ! divid$ /r&s 9 ! same way4      
,f9ally /ret* ! rope tight1 pull & p\nd 
& roll ! splice until smoo? & r\nd1 &   
trim (f all loose ends close to ! rope4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4--,%ort       
splice4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig1 #ajf      
,d4--,%ort splice 7cont9u$74            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4--,long       
splice4  ,an ,eye ,splice 7,fig4 #ajh7  
is v easy to make & is useful & h&y 9 a 
great v>iety ( ways4 ,x is made 9 ! same
 mann] z ! %ort splice1 b in/ead (      
splic+ ! two ends toge!r1 ! end ( ! rope
 is unlaid & !n b5t ar\nd & splic$ into 
its own /r&s ( ! /&+ "p1 z %[n 9 !      
illu/ration4 ,a ,cut ,splice 7,fig4     
#aji7 is made j z an eye splice or %ort 
splice1 b in/ead ( splic+ two ropes     
toge!r end to end1 or splic+ an end into
 a /&+ "p1 ! ends are lapp$ & ea* is    
splic$ into ! /&+ "p ( ! o!r1 ?us =m+ a 
loop or eye 9 ! c5tre ( a rope4 ,once ! 

%ort & long splices are ma/]$1 all o!r  
splices1 z well z _m useful v>iations1 w
 come easy4 ,(t5times1 = example1 "o /r&
 ( a rope may become worn1 fray$1 or    
brok51 :ile ! rema9+ /r&s are p]fectly  
s\nd4 ,9 su* cases ! weak /r& may be    
unlaid & cut (f & !n a new /r& ( ! same 
l5g? is laid up 9 ! groove left by ! old
 /r& exactly z 9 a long splice2 ! ends  
are !n tap]$1 /uck "u ! lay1 z 9 a %ort 
splice1 & ! repair is complete2 & if    
well done w nev] %[ & w be z /rong z !  
orig9al rope4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#ajh4--;,eye splice4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #aji4--;,cut splice4     ,,*apt] 
,,vii  ,,fancy ,,knots ,,& ,,rope ,,"w  
,! knots & splices describ$ above are   
all m = practical use ?an ornam5t1      
al?\gh su* %ort5+s z ! ,s+le & ,d\ble   
plaits1 ! ,*a9 knots1 ! ,tw(old1        
,f\rfold1 & ,sixfold knots1 & o!rs are  
(t5 us$ = ornam5tal purposes only4 ,a   
c]ta9 class ( knots are1 h[ev]1 really  
ornam5tal & seldom s]ve to fa/5 two     
ropes toge!r1 or to make any object fa/ 

to ano!r4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 v useful 9 _m 
ways1 especially abo>d %ip1 & !y are s  
h&some & int]e/+ t e "o int]e/$ 9 rope  
"w %\ld le>n to make !m4 ,! simple/ ( ! 
fancy knots is kn[n z ! ,s+le ,cr[n     
7,fig4 #aaj74 ,to =m ?is knot unlay !   
/r&s ( a new1 flexible rope = six to    
eight in*es & :ip ! ends ( ea* /r&1 z   
well z ! /&+ "p1 to prev5t fur!r        
untwi/+4 ,hold ! rope 9 y\r left h& &   
fold "o /r& ov] & away f y1 z %[n 9 ,a1 
,fig4 #aaa4 ,!n fold ! next /r& ov] ,a  
7see ,b1 ,fig4 #aaa71 & !n1 :ile hold+  
^! 9 place ) ?umb & f+]1 pass ! /r& ,c  
ov] /r& ,b1 & ?r\gh ! bight ( ,a z %[n 9
 ! illu/ration4 ,n[ pull all ends tight 
& "w ! bights up smoo? & snug2 cut (f   
ends & ! knot is complete4 ,?is s+le    
cr[n is a v poor knot to /& by itself1  
h[ev]1 & is ma9ly valuable z a basis =  
o!r m complicat$ knots & = end+ up rope4
 ,to end up a rope ) a cr[n x is m]ely  
necess>y to leave ! project+ ends long &
 !n by br++ !m d[n tuck "u ! /r&s ( !   
/&+ "p1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aab4 ,!n halve ! 

/r&s & tuck aga91 z 9 mak+ a %ort       
splice1 until ! result appe>s z 9 ,fig4 
#aac4 ,?is makes a neat1 h&y1 & %ip-%ape
 f9i% to a rope's end & is v useful =   
pa9t]s1 haly>ds1 etc4 ,x w nev] "w loose
 l a seiz+ & is quickly put on at any   
"t1 :]eas to make a seiz+ "o mu/ be     
provid$ ) small /uff ( "s sort1 & ?is is
 frequ5tly n at h&4 ,! ,wall ,knot      
7,fig4 #aad7 is almo/ z simple z ! cr[n1
 & 9 fact is practically a cr[n rev]s$4 
,9 mak+ ?is knot br+ ,c d[nw>d & across 
! /&+ "p2 !n br+ ,a ov] ,c & ar\nd /&+  
"p & f9ally br+ ,b ov] ,a & up ?r\gh    
bight ( ,c1 ,fig4 #aae4 ,:5 drawn snug !
 ends may be trimm$ (f close or !y may  
be tuck$ & tap]$ z 9 ! cr[n & w !n appe>
 z 9 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! cr[n   
knot1 ! wall is ma9ly ( value z an end+ 
:5 ends are tuck$1 or z a basis = m     
ornam5tal knots su* z ! ,wall & ,cr[n1  
or ,d\ble ,wall1 or ,d\ble ,cr[n4 ,x is 
also v l>gely us$ 9 mak+ ,%r\d ,knots   
7,fig4 #aag74 ,! common %r\d knot is    
made by op5+ up ! /r&s ( a rope's end z 

= a %ort splice & plac+ ! two ends      
toge!r 9 ! same way4 ,!n s+le wall !    
/r&s ( "o rope ar\nd ! /&+ "p ( ano!r   
aga9/ ! lay1 tap] ! ends1 & tuck & s]ve 
all ) y>n or m>l9e 7,fig4 #aah74 ,!     
,fr5* ,%r\d ,knot is f> neat] & bett]1 b
 is a little h>d] to make4 ,op5 up !    
/r&s & place closely toge!r z = ! %ort  
splice2 make a loop ( /r& ,a1 pass ! end
 ( ,b ?r\gh ! bight ( ,a1 z at ,c1 make 
a loop ( /r& ,d1 & pass ! end ( /r& ,a  
?r\gh x z at ,d2 !n pass ! end ( /r& ,d 
?r\gh ! bight ( /r& ,b & "o side is     
complete4 ,repeat ! op]ation on ! o!r   
side1 draw all ends taut1 & tap] & tuck 
! ends4 ,! :ole %\ld !n be s]v$ c>efully
 & ! f9i%$ knot w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #abj4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj4--,s+le cr[n4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa4--,s+le cr[n  
7mak+74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#aab4--,s+le cr[n tuck$ 7mak+74         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4--,s+le cr[n  
tuck$ 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#aad4--,wall knot4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #aae4--,wall knot 7mak+74              

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4--,wall knot  
7tuck$74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#aag4--,%r\d knot 7complete74           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4--,%r\d knot  
7mak+74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#aai4--;,fr5* %r\d knot 7mak+74         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj4--;,fr5* %r\d 
knot 7complete74  ,d\ble wall & d\ble   
cr[n z well z ! beautiful d\ble         
wall-&-cr[n knots are made exactly l !  
s+le cr[n or wall b in/ead ( trimm+ (f  
or tuck+ ! ends !y are c>ri$ ar\nd a    
second "t foll[+ ! lay ( ! fir/1 z %[n 9
 ,fig4 #aba1 :i* %[s ! con/ruction ( a  
d\ble cr[n at ,a1 & a d\ble wall at ,b4 
,:5 f9i%$1 ! ends may be tuck$ or trimm$
 & ! two knots w look l ,figs4 #abb &   
#abc4 ,a f> bett] effect is obta9$ by   
,cr[n+ a wall knot4 ,?is is done by fir/
 mak+ a s+le wall knot & !n by br++ /r& 
,a up ov] ! top & lay+ ,b across ,a &   
br++ ,c ov] ,b & ?r\gh ! bight ( ,a2 a  
cr[n knot is =m$ above ! wall1 z %[n 9  
,figs4 #abd & #abe4 ,?is is ! f\ndation 
( ! mo/ beautiful ( rope-end knots1 kn[n

 z ! ,d\ble ,wall & ,cr[n1 or ,manrope  
,knot1 illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #abf4 ,make y\r
 s+le wall & cr[n x1 b leave ! /r&s all 
slack2 !n pass ! ends up & ?r\gh !      
bights ( ! slack s+le-wall knot & !n pu%
 !m alongside ! /r&s 9 ! s+le cr[n2 pu%+
 !m ?r\gh ! same bight 9 ! cr[n & d[nw>d
 ?r\gh ! wall+4 ,?is may seem q         
difficult1 b if y h le>n$ ! wall & cr[n 
y w f9d x simple en\gh1 = x is really   
m]ely foll[+ ! /r&s ( ! s+le wall &     
cr[n4 ,! result1 if prop]ly done1 & ends
 drawn tight & cut (f closely1 is       
surpris+1 & to ! un9itiat$ mo/ p]plex+1 
= if ! ends are tap]$ & tuck$ ?r\gh !   
/&+ "p ( ! ropes1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #abg1   
!re w be no sign ( a beg9n+ or end+ to  
?is knot4 ,?is is probably ! mo/ useful 
( decorative knots & is l>gely us$ abo>d
 %ip = f9i%+ ! ends ( rope rail+s1 !    
ends ( man-ropes1 = ! ends ( yoke-l9es &
 to =m /opp]s or toggles to bucket      
h&les1 sl+s1 etc4 ,its use 9 ?is way is 
illu/rat$ 9 ,figs4 #abh-acj1 :i* %[ h[  
to make a h&y topsail-haly>d toggle f an

 eye splice turn$ 9 a %ort piece ( rope 
& f9i%$ ) a d\ble wall & cr[n at ! end4 
,^! toggles are v useful ab\t small     
boats1 z !y may be us$ z /ops = furl+   
sails1 = sl+s ar\nd gaffs or sp>s1 =    
hoi/+1 & 9 a v>iety ( o!r ways :i* w at 
once sugge/ !mselves to ! boat+ man4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba ,a4--,mak+    
d\ble cr[n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba  
,b4--,mak+ d\ble wall4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #abb4--;,d\ble cr[n 7complete74  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc4--;,d\ble wall
 7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#abd4--,wall cr[n$ 7mak+74              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe4--,wall cr[n$ 
7complete74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#abf4--;,d\ble wall & cr[n4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg4--;,d\ble wall
 & cr[n 7complete74  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #abh ,,fig4 #abi ,,fig4 #acj     
,,figs4 #abh1 #abi1 &                   
#acj4--,topsail-haly>d toggle4  ,! mo/  
difficult ( end+ knots & "o :i* y %\ld  
c]ta9ly le>n is ! ,mat!w ,walk] 7,fig4  
#aca71 also kn[n z ! ,/opp] ,knot4 ,to  

=m ?is spl5did knot1 pass "o /r& ar\nd !
 /&+ "p ( ! rope & ?r\gh its own bight1 
!n pass ,b und]nea? & ?r\gh bight ( ,a &
 ?r\gh its own bight also2 next pass ,c 
und]nea? & ar\nd & ?r\gh ! bights ( ,a1 
,b1 & its own bight4 ,! knot w n[ appe> 
z 9 ,fig4 #acb1 b by c>efully haul+ !   
ends ar\nd & work+ ! bight taut a little
 at a "t ! knot w assume ! appe>ance %[n
 9 ,fig4 #acc4 ,?is is a h&some & useful
 knot & is widely us$ on ends ( ropes   
:]e !y pass ?r\gh holes1 z = bucket     
h&les1 ropes = trap-door h&les1 *e/     
h&les1 etc4 ,! knot is well adapt$ = su*
 purposes1 z x is h>d1 close1 & pres5ts 
an almo/ flat %\ld] on its l[] side4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4--,mat!w      
,walk] 7mak+74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#acb4--,mat!w ,walk] 7complete b slack74
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc4--,mat!w    
,walk] 7complete74  ,! ,turk's ,head1   
,figs4 #ace & #acf1 is a knot mu* us$   
abo>d ya*ts & w>%ips & is s h&some &    
ornam5tal t x is a great favorite4 ,x is
 us$ 9 ornam5t+ rigg+1 9 =m+ %\ld]s or  

r+s on /ays or ropes to hold o!r ge> 9  
place1 to ornam5t yoke l9es1 & = =m+    
slip-coll>s on knife lany>ds4 ,x is also
 us$ to =m coll>s ar\nd /an*ions or     
sp>s1 &1 plac$ ar\nd a rope close b5ea? 
a man-rope knot1 x gives a beautiful    
f9i%4 ,:5 made ( small l9e sailors (t5  
use ! ,turk's ,head z a neck]*ief fa/5]4
 ,al?\gh s elaborate 9 effect1 x is     
really an easy knot to make1 & :ile y   
may h difficulty 9 gett+ x "r at fir/ a 
little pati5ce & practice w enable y to 
become pr(ici5t & capable ( ty+ x       
rapidly & easily 9 any place or         
position4 ,to make a ,turk's ,head1 h a 
smoo?1 r\nd /ick1 or o!r object1 & "s   
closely twi/$ or braid$ small l9e4 ,pass
 two turns ( ! l9e ar\nd ! rod1 ,a1     
,fig4 #ace1 f left to "r1 & pass ! upp] 
bight d[n ?r\gh ! l[] & reeve ! upp] end
 d[n ?r\gh x1 z at ,b4 ,!n pass ! bight 
up aga9 & run ! end ov] ! l[] bight & up
 betwe5 x & ! upp] bight4 ,turn ! upp]  
bight aga9 ?r\gh ! l[] "o & pass ! end  
ov] :at is n[ ! upp] bight & betwe5 x & 

! l[]1 ,c1 ,fig4 #ace4 ,n[ "w f left to 
"r1 foll[+ ! lay ( ! knot 7or1 9 o!r    
words1 pass+ y\r long end alongside !   
fir/ end71 ,d1 ,fig4 #ace1 until a braid
 ( two or m lays is complet$1 z %[n 9   
,fig4 #acf4 ,! ,turk's ,head may be     
drawn z tight z desir$ ar\nd ! rope1 or 
rod1 by work+ up ! slack & draw+ all    
bights taut4 ,a v>iation ( ! knot may be
 =m$ by mak+ ! fir/ "p z describ$ & !n  
by slipp+ ! knot to ! end ( ! rod2 "w "o
 side tight] ?an ! o!r until ! ,head =ms
 a complete cap1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #acg4    
,?is makes a spl5did f9i% = ! ends (    
flagpoles1 /an*ions1 etc4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #ace4--,mak+ ,turk's head4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf4--,turks'     
heads4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#acg4--,turk's cap4  ,ropes t are to be 
us$ z h&-l9es1 /an*ions1 man-ropes1     
rail+s1 or 9 fact :]ev] a neat appe>ance
 c\nts1 are usually worm$1 s]v$1 &      
p>cell$4 ,worm+ consi/s 9 twi/+ a small 
l9e into ! grooves betwe5 ! /r&s ( rope1
 ,a1 ,fig4 #ach4 ,?is fills up ! grooves

 & makes ! rope smoo? & ready = s]v+ or 
p>cell+4 ,p>cell+ consi/s 9 cov]+ ! rope
 already worm$ ) a /rip ( canvas w\nd   
spirally ar\nd x ) ! edges ov]lapp+1 ,b1
 ,fig4 #ach4 ,s]v+ is m]ely wrapp+ !    
rope ) spun y>n1 m>l9e1 or o!r small    
/uff1 ,c1 ,fig4 #ach4 ,al?\gh ?is may   
all be done by h&1 yet x c be accompli%$
 f> bett] by us+ a ,s]v+ ,mallet1 %[n 9 
,d1 ,fig4 #ach4 ,?is in/rum5t enables y 
to "w tight] & m ev5ly ?an by h&1 b 9   
ei!r case y mu/ h ! rope to be s]v$     
/ret*$ tightly betwe5 two uprights4 ,(t5
 a rope is s]v$ )\t p>cell+ & = ord9>y  
purposes p>cell+ is n requir$4 ,a       
v>iation ( s]v+ is made by half-hit* "w1
 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aci-adj4 ,?is is v     
pretty :5 well done & is v easy to      
accompli%4 ,take a half-hit* ar\nd !    
rope to be s]v$1 !n ano!r bel[ x2 draw  
snug2 take ano!r half-hit* & s on until 
! object is cov]$ & ! s]ies ( half-hit* 
knots =ms a spiral twi/1 z %[n 9 !      
illu/rations4 ,bottles1 jugs1 ropes1    
/an*ions1 f5d]s1 & num]\s o!r articles  

may be cov]$ ) half-hit* "w2 & z y      
become m exp]t y w be able to use sev]al
 l9es ( half-hit*es at ! same "t4       
,f\r-/r& braid+ is also highly ornam5tal
 & is easy & simple4 ,! process is      
illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ada1 & consi/s 9     
cross+ ! opposite /r&s across & pa/ "o  
ano!r1 z %[n 9 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,fig #ada4   
,/ill m ornam5tal is ! ,cr[n-braid :i*  
appe>s1 :5 f9i%$1 z 9 ,fig4 #adc4 ,!    
process ( =m+ ?is braid is exactly l    
ord9>y cr[n+ & does n require any       
description2 x may be done ) any numb] (
 /r&s1 b f\r or six are usually z _m z !
 beg9n] c>es to h&le at "o "t4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach4--,worm+1     
p>cell+1 & s]v+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#aci4--;,half-hit* "w4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #adj4--;,half-hit* "w4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ada4--;,f\r-/r&   
braid 7mak+74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#adb4--;,f\r-/r& braid 7complete74      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4                    
#adc4--;,cr[n-braid4  ,:5 ! rope-work]  
has ma/]$ all ! knots1 ties1 b5ds1      

hit*es1 & splices ,i h describ$1 he w   
f9d a new field op5 to ! use ( rope 9   
innum]able ways4 ,b>rels1 casks1 bales1 
or o!r objects may be rop$1 or slung1 ) 
ease & security2 ropes w be press$ into 
s]vice = /raps & belts2 & buckles may be
 readily =m$ by ! simple exp$i5t %[n 9  
,fig4 #add4 ,if a swivel is requir$ x c 
be arrang$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ade1 :ile     
sev]al simple sl+s are illu/rat$ 9      
,figs4 #adf-adh4 ,9 a factory1 or ma*9e 
%op1 rope belt+ w (t5 prove f> bett] ?an
 lea!r1 & if well splic$ toge!r w run v 
smoo?ly & ev5ly ev5 on long /ret*es4 ,z 
a recreation = kill+ "t abo>d %ip1 or on
 ra9y vacation days1 few occupations w  
prove m enjoyable ?an ty+ fancy knots & 
mak+ new splices & b5ds or inv5t+ new   
v>iations ( ! num]\s hit*es1 ties1 &    
knots y already "k4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #add4--,rope buckle4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ade4--,swivels4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adf  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #adg  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adh 
,illu/ration caption3 ,,figs4 #adf1     

#adg1 & #adh4--,sl+s4   ,,halt]s ,,=    
,,animals  ,e n[ & !n a tempor>y halt]  
is ne$$ = a horse1 & 9 ,fig4 #adi su* a 
halt] is %[n4 ,?is halt] is made by     
putt+ ! end ( a long rope ar\nd ! neck (
 ! horse & !n ty+ a common b[-l9e knot4 
7,see ,fig4 #aej47 ,fig4 #aea %[s !     
second /ep to be foll[$1 t ( pass+ !    
rope ar\nd ! animal's head twice1 :ile  
,fig4 #aeb %[s h[ ! second loop is pass$
 "u ! fir/4 ,9 ,fig4 #aec ! rope is %[n 
suffici5tly long en\gh to enable x to be
 pass$ ov] ! e>s ( ! animal & leave !   
halt] complet$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aed4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi--,put a ,loop 
ov] ! ,horse's ,nose4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #aej--,! ,b[l9e ,knot4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea--;,foll[ ?is )
 a ,second ,loop4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#aeb--,pass ! ,second ,loop "u ! ,fir/4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec--,! ,second   
,loop %\ld be ,long4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #aed--;,x goes ov] ! ,=elock &   
,e>s4     ,,index   ,artificial eye     
,baggage ,b>rels ,beams ,belay+-p9      

,belay+-p9 splice ,belt+ ,b5ds ,bight   
,billet ,blackwall hit* ,blocks         
,bolt-rope ,b[-knots ,b[-l9e ,b[-l9e on 
bight ,b[ %ort5+ ,boxes ,bridles        
,build]s' hit* ,build]s' knot ,bundles  
,but*]s' knots  ,cable ,casks ,catspaws 
,*a9 hit* ,*a9 knots ,*e/s ,cleat tie   
,cl9*es ,close b& ,clove hit* ,cordage  
,core ,cotton ,cotton rope ,cr[n braid  
,cr[n+ ,cr[n knots ,cuckolds' necks ,cut
 splice  ,deadeye la%+ ,deadeyes        
,dog%anks ,d\ble *a9 ,d\ble cr[n ,d\ble 
figure-eight ,d\ble knots ,d\ble plait  
,d\ble wall ,d\ble wall & cr[n  ,end    
,end+ ,end+ rope ,end po9t+ ,eyes ,eye  
splice  ,fancy knots ,fibres ,fid       
,figure-eight knot ,fi%]man's hit*      
,fi%]man's knot ,fivefold knot ,flemi%  
eye ,f\rfold knot ,f\r-/r& braid        
,f\r-/r&$ rope ,fr5* %r\d knot          
,gaff-topsail haly>d b5d ,g>rick b5d    
,gordian knot ,granny knot ,grass       
,grommets ,gunn]s' knot ,gut l9es       
,half-hit* ,half-hit* & seiz+ ,half-hit*
 "w ,h&cuff k+s ,h&cuffs ,h&les ,h&spike

 ,haws] hit* ,haws]s ,hemp ,hemp rope   
,hi/ory ( rope ,hit*es ,hooks           
,introduction  ,jute  ,lany>ds ,l>ks'   
heads ,la%$ cut splice ,la%+s ,lay+ up  
,lea!r braid ,left-h&$ rope ,long splice
 ,loop la%+s ,loop knots ,loops  ,magnus
 hit* ,manacles ,manila rope ,manrope   
knot ,m>l9e ,m>l9e spike ,m>l9e-spike   
seaman%ip ,mat!w ,walk] knot            
,mid%ipman's hit* ,monkey *a9 ,moor+    
knots  ,necklace tie ,nettles ,nooses   
,op5 *a9 ,op5-h& knot ,ord9>y knot      
,ov]h& knot  ,packages ,p>cell+ ,p>ts ( 
rope ,pi] b5d ,po9t$ rope ,po9t+        
,quoits  ,reef knot ,reef+ knots        
,repair+ rope ,rigg+ ,"r-h& rope ,r+s   
,rob& hit* ,roll+ hit* ,rope ,rope      
buckles ,rose la%+ ,r\nd turn ,runn+    
b[-l9e ,runn+ knot ,runn+ noose         
,sailors' knots ,seiz$ %ort5+ ,seiz+    
,selvagee ,selvagee bo>d ,selvagee /rap 
,s]v+ ,s]v+ mallet ,sevagee ,%eaves     
,%eep%anks ,%ort5+s ,%ort splice ,%r\d  
knots ,silk ,simple hit* ,simple knots  
,s+le plait ,s9k]s ,sisal flax ,sixfold 

knot ,sl+s ,slip knots ,slipp]y hit*    
,snak+ ,sp>s ,spiles ,splices ,splic+   
,squ>e knots ,/&+ "p ,/opp] knot ,/opp]s
 ,/ops ,/r&s ,/raps ,/r5g? ( rope ,/r+  
,/udd+-sail b5d ,swivels  ,tackle       
,?reefold knot ,?roat seiz+ ,ties ,timb]
 ,timb] hit* ,toggles ,tomfool knot     
,topsail-haly>d toggle ,treble knot     
,turks' caps ,turks' heads ,tw9e ,twi/  
braid ,twi/ knot ,twi/ %ort5+ ,twi/s    
,wall & cr[n ,wall cr[n$ ,wall knots    
,w>p ,wat]man's knot ,weav]'s knot ,w$d+
 knot ,weight ( rope ,:>f tie ,:ipp+    
,w9d knots ,wire rope ,worm+  ,y>n