,,an ,,enquiry ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,pr9ciples
 ,,( ,,ta/e1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,(    
,,our ,,ideas ,,( ,,beauty1 ,,etc4    by
    ,frances ,reynolds    #aghe    ,) an
 ,introduction by ,james ,l4 ,clif=d    
,! ,augu/an ,repr9t ,society            
,frances ,reynolds     ,an ,enquiry     
,conc]n+ ! ,pr9ciples ( ,ta/e1   & ( !  
,orig9 ( ,our ,ideas ( ,beauty1 etc4    
7#aghe7    ,) an ,introduction by ,james
 ,l4 ,clif=d    ,publication #bg    ,los
 ,angeles  ,william ,&rews ,cl>k        
,memorial ,libr>y  ,univ]sity (         
,cali=nia  #aiea      ,,g5]al ,,editors 
,h4 ,,ri*>d ,,ar*]1 ,cl>k ,memorial     
,libr>y  ,,ri*>d ,c4 ,,boys1 ,univ]sity 
( ,mi*igan  ,,edw>d ,,niles ,,hook]1    
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles   
,,john ,,l(tis1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 
,los ,angeles    ,,assi/ant ,,editors   
,w4 ,,e>l ,,britton1 ,univ]sity (       
,mi*igan    ,,advisory ,,editors        
,,emmett ,l4 ,,av]y1 ,/ate ,college (   
,wa%+ton  ,,b5jam9 ,,boyce1 ,duke       
,univ]sity  ,,l\is ,i4 ,,br$vold1       

,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan  ,,clean?         
,,brooks1 ,yale ,univ]sity  ,,james ,l4 
,,clif=d1 ,columbia ,univ]sity  ,,ar?ur 
,,fri$man1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago         
,,samuel ,h4 ,,monk1 ,univ]sity (       
,m9nesota  ,,erne/ ,,mossn]1 ,univ]sity 
( ,texas  ,,james ,,su!rl&1 ,que5 ,m>y  
,college1 ,london  ,h4,t4 ,,sw$5b]g1    
,,jr41 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los     
,angeles            ,,introduction      
,s9ce ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury x has be5   
kn[n t ,frances  ,reynolds1 ! si/] (    
,sir ,jo%ua1 0 ! au?or ( an essay on    
ta/e1 :i* %e _h pr9t$ b did n publi%4   
,yet p]si/5t  se>* fail$ to turn up a   
s+le copy4 ,x rema9$ "o ( ^? lo/  pieces
 :i* e rese>* s*ol> hop$ som$ay to      
discov]4    ,9 #aice x appe>$ t ! se>* 0
 ov]4 ,among "s manuscripts  ( ,mrs4    
,?rale-,piozzi1 long hidd5 9 ,wales1 0  
f\nd a pr9t$ copy  ( an anonym\s        
,enquiry ,conc]n+ ! ,pr9ciples ( ,ta/e1 
& (  ! ,orig9 ( ,our ,ideas ( ,beauty1  
:i* seem$ to be ! lo/ essay4  ,! date 0 
correct2 ! ,enquiry 0 d$icat$ to ,mrs4  

,montagu2 x  conta9$ a quotation f ,dr4 
,johnson2 &1 be/ ( all1 !re 0  atta*$ to
 ! pamphlet a copy 79 an unid5tifi$     
h&writ+7 (  ,johnson's well-kn[n lett]  
to ,miss ,reynolds conc]n+ h] essay4    
,only "o ?+ /ood squ>ely 9 ! way ( !    
id5tification4 ,james  ,nor?cote 9 8    
,life ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 publi%$ 9
 #ahah 7,,ii1  #aaf-ai71 aft] describ+  
,johnson's connection ) ! manuscript1   
gives two pages ( %ort exc]pts4 ,mo/ ( !
 quotations are g5]al  /atem5ts su* z   
,dress is ! /rong indication ( ! moral  
"* or ,! f9e arts compreh5d all t is    
excell5t 9 !  moral sy/em1 &1 at ! same 
"t1 op5 e pa? t t5ds to !  corruption ( 
moral excell5ce4 ,un=tunately none ( ^! 
exc]pts  appe>s directly 9 ! ,enquiry4  
,al?\gh "s ( ! ideas are  simil>1 !     
word+ & specific details are diff]5t4   
,by no /ret*  ( ! imag9ation c\ld !y be 
consid]$ to come f ! same  piece4 ,?us  
,nor?cote block$ ! solution ( ! my/]y = 
ne>ly  fifte5 ye>s4    ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 
evid5ce has turn$ up :i* makes !        

attribution  a c]ta9ty4 ,x is n[ obvi\s 
t ,nor?cote mu/ h be5 mi/ak5  9 ! s\rce 
( 8 quotations4 ,writ+ z he did _m ye>s 
aft]  ! ev5ts he 0 describ+1 ,nor?cote  
ei!r _h f\nd a copy (  ! fir/ draft (   
,miss ,reynolds' essay1 or errone\sly   
quot$ f  ano!r anonym\s piece :i* he    
assum$ 0 by ,miss ,reynolds4 ,9 any     
ev5t he 0 n quot+ f ! f9al v]sion :i* %e
 wi%$ !  _w to see4    ,! /ory ( ,miss  
,reynolds' attempts to publi% h] essay c
 at  la/ be piec$ toge!r f v>i\s bits ( 
evid5ce1 "s hi!rto  unpubli%$4 ,j :5 !  
essay 0 writt5 is unc]ta94 ,all t  we "k
 is t a prelim9>y v]sion 0 submitt$ to !
 rigor\s  criticism ( ,dr4 ,johnson 9   
#agha4 ,johnson1 :o _h correct$ "s (  h]
 v]ses 9 r$ ink ! ye> be=e1 comm5t$ on  
#ba ,july #agha3        ,!re is 9 ^! su*
 =ce ( compreh5sion1 & su* nicety      (
 obs]vation z ,locke or ,pascal might be
 pr\d (4 ,?is ,i      say ) int5tion to 
h y ?9k t ,i speak my op9ion4        ,!y
 _c h[ev] be pr9t$ 9 _! pres5t /ate4 ,_m
      ( y\r notions seem n v cle> 9 y\r 

own m9d1 _m are      n suffici5tly      
develop$ & exp&$ = ! common read]2      
! expression almo/ e :]e wants to be    
made cle>] &      smoo!r4 ,y may by     
revisal & improvem5t make x a v         
elegant & curi\s "w4#a    ,b ,miss      
,reynolds 0 n easily disc\rag$1 &       
,johnson wrote aga9  on #h ,april #aghb3
        ,y\r "w is full ( v p5etrat+    
m$itation1 & v      =cible s5tim5t4 ,i  
read x ) a full p]ception ( !           
sublime1 ) wond] & t]r\r1 b ,i _c ?9k ( 
any      pr(it f x2 x seems n born to be
 popul>4        ,y\r sy/em ( ! m5tal    
fabric is exce$+ly obscure1 &      )\t m
 att5tion ?an w be will+ly be/[$1       
is un9telligible4 ,! ,ideas ( ,beauty w 
be m easily      und]/ood1 & are (t5    
*>m+4 ,i 0 delight$ ) !      diff]5t    
beauty ( diff]5t ages4        ,i w\ld   
make x produce some?+ if ,i c\ld b ,i h 
inde$      no hope4 ,if a ,booksell]    
w\ld buy x at all1 z x mu/ be           
publi%$ )\t a "n1 he w\ld give no?+ = x 
wor?      y\r acceptance4#b    ,9 pass+ 

x might be po9t$ out t ?is lett] has    
previ\sly n  be5 associat$ ) ,miss      
,reynolds' essay on ta/e1 l>gely because
  ! available text ( ! lett] has be5 s  
faulty4 ,:]e ,johnson  wrote ,! ,ideas (
 ,beauty1 obvi\sly ref]r+ to ! second   
section  ( ! ,enquiry1 ,crok]1 foll[$ by
 ,g4,b4 ,hill1 pr9t$ ,! plans  (        
,burnaby4 ,to ?is ,hill add$ a note2    
,burnaby1 ,i conjecture1 0 a  "* 9 !    
book1 ) ! result t s*ol>s h fruitlessly 
be5 se>*+ ev] s9ce = ! fictiti\s ,mr4   
,burnaby1 ,"o m  example ( ! dang]s (   
us+ n9ete5?-c5tury transcripts6         
,evid5tly ,johnson's /r+5t objections   
tempor>ily halt$ h] plans1  = we he>    
no?+ m ab\t ! essay = two ye>s4         
,mean:ile1 z  appe>s f a lat] lett]1 %e 
%[$ x to ,b5nett ,langton1 hop+  9 va9 =
 8 help4 ,nev]!less1 %e 0 det]m9$ to g  
ahead &  pr9t ! "w1 ev5 at h] own       
exp5se4 ,johnson1 /ill c\nt$ ^u  = aid1 
wrote to h] on #ab ,april #aghd3        
,i am n yet able to wait on y1 b ,i c d 
y\r bus9ess      commodi\sly en\gh4 ,y  

mu/ s5d me ! copy to %[ !      pr9t]4   
,if y w come to tea ?is aft]noon we w   
talk      toge!r ab\t x4#c    ,on #cj   
,april he comm5t$ fur!r3 ,mr4 ,all5 has 
look$ ov] !  pap]s & ?9ks "o hundr$     
copies w come to five p\nds4  ,some?+1  
h[ev]1 made h] suspici\s ( 8 advice1 &  
on #bh ,may  !re came an end to         
,johnson's connection ) ! matt]4 ,he    
wrote3  ,i h return$ y\r pap]s1 & am    
glad t y laid aside !  ?\ght ( pr9t+ !m4
    ,b ,miss ,reynolds _h no int5tion ( 
p]man5tly giv+ up h]  project4 ,in/ead  
%e rewrote p>ts ( ! essay :i* _h        
displeas$  h] critics1 & %ortly aft]    
,johnson's dea? proce$$ to h #bej       
copies privately pr9t$1 ) a d$ication to
 ,mrs4 ,montagu4 ,)  ,johnson gone1 ,!  
,que5 ( ! ,blue/ock+s mu/ h appe>$ !    
next be/ patron4 ,t ,mrs4 ,montagu1 :ile
 no d\bt flatt]$ by !  d$ication1 0     
h]self n ov]ly en?usia/ic ab\t ! essay  
may  be ga!r$ f a lett] writt5 to h] by 
,miss ,reynolds on #ab ,july  #aghe4    
,miss ,reynolds began by insi/+ t !     

slighte/ h9t (  disapprobation on ! "p (
 ,mrs4 ,montagu w\ld consign ! "w to    
oblivion2 !n cont9u$3        ,i nev] did
 ent]ta9 any desire to publi% x1 ?o ,i  
might      to sell x4 ,& my desire (    
pr9t+ x1 orig9at$ f a      motive :i*   
?o' va9 ,i all[1 is an natural vanity ,i
 wi%d      to leave beh9d me a          
respectable memorial ( my exi/5ce1      
:i* ,i !n flatt]d myself ?is w\ld be4   
,t5 impressions or      tw5ty at ! mo/1 
7 all ,i wi%d to h tak5 (f4 ,:y ,i      
_h s _m z #bej 0 because ,dr4 ,johnson  
advis$ me to pr9t      t numb]1 & to    
sell !m1 to /& ! sale ( !m 0      8     
expression1 b ,i mu/ d ,dr4 ,johnson !  
ju/ice to say1      t1 t advice 0 giv5  
me ) a proviso t no p]son      0 9 !    
secret b himself1 = on my in=m+ him to  
! contr>y1 he decl9$ or seemd to decl9e 
! affair (      gett+ !m pr9t$ = me1 :i*
 ,i p]ceiv+ s5t to him      = !         
manuscript1 fooli%ly ent]ta9+ a slight  
suspicion      :i* ,i mu* reproa* myself
 =1 t "s o!r motives      besides ! want

 ( m]it 9 ! "w _h influ5c$ ?is          
*ange ( behavi\r4 ,unluckily f ! beg9n+ 
,i made too      great all[ance 9 its   
fav\r1 f an op9ion ,i _h con      too ( 
,dr4 ,johnsons be+ /rongly prejudic$    
aga9/ wom5s      lit]>y productions4 ,b 
,i deceiv$ myself4 ,he 0 s9c]e1      he 
judg$ ju/ly ( ! "w1 & 8 op9ion exactly  
correspond$ ) y\rs6#d    ,n t %e        
regrett$ ! co/ ( pr9t+ ! #bej copies4 ,t
 0 a  m9or consid]ation4 ,%e conclud$3  
,if ,i ev] %\ld %ew x to any p]son x w  
be to ,mr4      ,langton1 f a motive (  
wi%+ him to see ! alt]ation ,i      h   
made 9 x = ! bett]1 s9ce he saw x1 & z x
 is      also s9ce ,dr4 ,johnson saw x1 
& p>ticul>ly t "p      he mo/ object$   
to1 my belief t ,i _h obviat$ t         
objection1 is ano!r apology = my pr9t+  
x4    ,to ?is ,mrs4 ,montagu return$ a  
wordy & diffuse reply1 comm5t+  t hav+ =
 _m ye>s pa/ left (f all metaphysical   
/udies1  %e 0 n a compet5t judge ( any  
"w on subjects ( t  nature1 yet insi/+ t
 %e d\bt$ if contempor>y read]s w\ld  l 

x4 ,x 0 obvi\s t ,mrs4 ,montagu refus$  
to be a p>ty to  fur!r dissem9ation ( ! 
pr9t$ copies4 ,& !re ! matt]  re/$ =    
almo/ ?ree m ye>s4    ,! wi% to h "s ( !
 copies read by ! g5]al public prov$    
too /rong1 & on #ae ,april #aghh ,miss  
,reynolds wrote aga9 to ,mrs4  ,montagu1
 ask+ h] aid 9 recov]+ a lett]1 or      
transcription ( a  lett]1 ( ,johnson's3 
,x is ( great importance to me ! recov]y
 ( ?is lett]      p>ticul>ly s z ,i     
p]ceive ,i mu/ n presume to hope =      
! only patronage t c\ld c\nt]vail ! loss
 ( ,dr4      ,johnsons1 %\ld ,i ev] be  
induc$ to publi% ! "w4 ,i      d n mean 
t ,i w\ld publi% ! lett]1 b t !         
te/imony x conveys ( ,dr4 ,johnsons     
approbation1 w\ld be      highly        
advantage\s to me 9 ! disposal ( ! copy 
to      a ,booksell]1 inde$ approbation 
is an improp] ,^w1      inadequate to ! 
praises he be/[s on ! "w1 ,i dur/ n     
repeat 8      expressions ?o ,i well    
rememb] !m4 ,"s fri5dly /rictures       
also ! lett] conta9$1 all ^! ,i rememb] 

,i transcrib$      v]batim 9 a lett] ,i 
s5t to y 9 ! beg9n+ ( !      ye> #hb4 !y
 beg9        ,_m ( y\r notions seem n to
 be v cle> 9 y\r own                    
imag9ation4444#e    ,x 0 n until ! next 
ye> t ) ! help ( ,james ,nor?cote  %e   
f9ally made active prep>ations to h ! "w
 publi%$4 ,z  ,miss ,reynolds wrote to  
,mrs4 ,montagu on #e ,febru>y1        ,i
 =got to say t ,mr4 ,nurse recomm5d$    
,mr4 ,nor?cote to a      ,mr4 ,blad5 9  
,pat]no/] ,r[ = a ,publi%]1 b ,i s5t    
9 ! utmo/ ha/e to him to prev5t 8 tak+  
any /eps      t[>ds s disgraceful a     
place z ,i imag9e t to be s             
incongru\s4#f    ,9 prep>ation = ! new  
pr9t+1 ,miss ,reynolds _h fur!r revis$  
h] essay1 & 9 ord] to enhance ! value ( 
! piece = g5]al  read]s %e decid$ to add
 ?ree lett]s f ,johnson ( :i* %e  *anc$ 
to h copies4 ,totally unconnect$ ) !    
essay1 "o 0  to ,sir ,joseph ,banks     
conc]n+ ! motto = 8 goat's coll>2 !     
o!rs conc]n$ ! un=tunate ,dr4 ,dodd4 ,b 
be=e go+ ahead %e  aga9 ask$ ! advice ( 

h] patroness4 ,mrs4 ,montagu repli$3    
,i d n see t !re is any objection to    
publi%+ ! #c      lett]s1 b ,i own ,i   
?9k ,dr ,johnson judges too lightly (   
! crime ( =g]y 444 ,i believe ! t5d]ness
 ( s5tim5t      ,dr ,johnson expresses =
 ,dr ,dodd 9 8 afflictions w d      him 
hon\r 9 ! eyes ( ! ,publick1  !re=e z 8 
fri5d y may ) propriety publi% !        
lett]s4#g    ,mrs4 ,montagu conclud$1 ,i
 wi% "s "n t w\ld d m hon\r to  y\r "w 0
 to appe> 9 ! d$ication1 b to be pres5t$
 to  ! publick ) su* a m>k ( ,mrs       
,reynolds' fri5dly reg>d1 w  c]ta9ly be 
e/eem$ an hon\r4444    ,sometime betwe5 
,febru>y & ,july #aghi ! ,enquiry 0     
repr9t$1  ?is "t by ,j4 ,smeeton 7copies
 ( ?is v]sion may be f\nd 9 !  ,bodleian
 ,libr>y & ! ,libr>y ( ,congress74 ,!   
t]m9al date =  ! repr9t+ is e/abli%$ by 
! fact t ! ?ree lett]s  ( ,johnson :i* 7
 app5d$ to ! essay 7 repr9t$ )\t  comm5t
 9 ! ,july issue ( ! ,european ,magaz9e4
    ,j :]e ,miss ,reynolds secur$ copies
 ( ! ,johnson lett]s is  n c]ta94 ,x is 

sugge/ive1 h[ev]1 t ! lett] to ,banks _h
  orig9ally be5 s5t "u cov] to ,sir     
,jo%ua ,reynolds & t ,sir  ,jo%ua's copy
 is n[ among ! ,boswell pap]s at ,yale  
,univ]sity4  ,!re w\ld h be5 ample      
opportunity = ,frances ,reynolds also to
  h secur$ a copy4 ,& ! lett] to ,*>les 
,j5k9son ( #bj ,june  #aggg & to ,dr4   
,dodd ( #bf ,june 7 ( ! sort t an       
ent]pris+  lady might well h :e$l$      
copies f ! ,doctor4 ,! important  po9t  
is t ! inclusion ( ! lett]s 9 ! #aghi   
pr9t+ ( !  ,enquiry provides            
incontrov]tible pro( ( ,miss ,reynolds' 
connection  ) ! piece4    ,= ?is second 
pr9t+ ! entire pamphlet 0 reset1 )      
num]\s m9or *anges ( word+ &            
punctuation1 b ) no major  alt]ations 9 
mean+4 ,9 g5]al ! textual improvem5ts   
are su*  z a blue/ock+ lady might well  
wi% to make4 ,x w be not$ t  on pages   
#be & #di ( ! copy "h reproduc$ someone 
has made m9or  *anges 9 word+ 9 ink4 ,^!
 corrections are made 9 ! lat]  pr9t+4  
,moreov]1 at ! end ( ! #aghi v]sion !re 

is an errata  li/1 indicat+ ?ree        
alt]ations f ! #aghe text :i* 7         
mi/akes4 ,! ,d$ication rema9$ un*ang$1 b
 ! geometrical  illu/ration 0 n[ plac$  
fac+ ! beg9n+ ( ,*apt] ,i4    ,!        
,enquiry 0 writt5 9 :at is n[ recogniz$ 
z "o ( ! mo/  excit+ p]iods 9 ! hi/ory (
 ae/hetics1 ! late eighte5?  c5tury be+ 
a crucial po9t 9 ! gradual %ift f       
absolute  classical /&>ds to ! relative 
approa*es ( ! next age4 ,mo/  ( !       
important ?9k]s ( ! day--,hume1 ,burke1 
,"l ,kames1 ,adam  ,smi?1 among o!rs--7 
?9k+ deeply ab\t ! problem ( ta/e4  ,&  
if ,miss ,reynolds' essay is n "o ( !   
mo/ p]ceptive ( !  discussions1 x is at 
lea/ "o ( ! livelie/4    ,9 brief1 !    
,enquiry is :at "o might expect f an    
intellig5t  amateur1 f "o n a           
pr(essional writ]1 yet "o :o has giv5   
mu* ?\ght to ! problems ( ae/hetics4 ,( 
c\rse1 _m ( !  ideas are d]ivative1 )   
e*oes ( ! moral s5se ( ,hut*eson1  ! l9e
 ( grace ( ,hog>?1 & ! t]rible sublime (
 ,burke4 ,!  ?ree divisions ( ! essay--!

 developm5t ( a m5tal sy/em1 !  orig9 ( 
our ideas ( ,beauty1 & ! analysis (     
ta/e--foll[ !  cu/om>y patt]n (         
eighte5?-c5tury discussions4 ,yet !     
piece  is no slavi% refurbi%+ ( old     
phrases4 ,x is pack$ ) fre%  argum5ts & 
novel sugge/ions4 ,if ^! are n always   
completely  coh]5t or logical1 !y d     
repres5t orig9al ?9k+4                  
,tw5tie?-c5tury read]s may be a/oni%$ by
 "s ( ! ideas3  witness ! claim t       
,negroes c\ld nev] arrive at true ta/e1 
because _! eyes 7 s accu/om$ to objects 
diametrically  opposite to ta/e4 ,z a   
fur!r example ( ,miss ,reynolds'        
occasionally  muddl$ ?9k+ !re is !      
developm5t ( h] initial assumption4     
,:ile ! gr\ndwork ( man is p]fection1   
?is p]fection has be5  blemi%$ & man is 
impell$ to recapture x 9 ! sublime4 ,yet
  in/ead ( analyz+ ?is impulse1 ,miss   
,reynolds appe>s to take x  = grant$4   
,nor does %e consid] h[ p]fection is to 
be a*iev$  9 ta/e1 pref]r+ to conclude )
 a diatribe 9 ! mann] (  ,r\sseau on !  

depravity ( ! times & ! corrupt+ effect 
(  ! arts4 7,= ?is & _m ( ! foll[+      
comm5ts ,i am indebt$  to ,mr4 ,ralph   
,coh5 ( ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new     
,york47    ,! cause ( "s ( ! ambiguities
 9 h] discussion may p]haps be  trac$ to
 a r c>eless use ( t]ms4 ,at "o "t      
in/9ct  or impulsion1 ! moral =ce driv+ 
man t[>d p]fection1 is a  pot5tiality   
develop$ by cultivation1 & at ano!r a   
=ce t  is creat$ by cultivation4 ,al?\gh
 ! sublime is ! apex ( h]               
ma!matically-def9ite program & is a     
moral quality atta9$ by  ! few1 e human 
be+ has 8 po9t ( sublimity 9 ! idea (  a
 ,supreme ,be+4 ,on ! "o h&1 beauty is a
 preconceiv$ idea 9  ! human species2 on
 ! o!r x is n preconceiv$1 b develop$4  
,f9ally1 ! rules ( art are p]ceptions ( 
moral virtue1 yet art  :i* exhibits ^!  
rules c corrupt4    ,x is easy to pick  
flaws 9 ,miss ,reynolds' ?9k+1 = ! lack 
(  su/a9$ logic :i* ,johnson e>ly       
recogniz$ is app>5t at e  turn4 ,yet =  
/ud5ts ( ! hi/ory ( ideas ! ,enquiry    

conta9s  mu* ( int]e/4 ,z a pa9t]1 ,miss
 ,reynolds ?r\gh\t /resses !  visual1 a 
conc5tration :i* leads h] to sev]al     
valuable insights4  ,%e divides =m into 
two categories1 mascul9e & fem99e1 b    
makes a novel use ( ^! ,cic]onian       
divisions4 ,all non-human               
objects--fl[]s1 animals1 etc4--are se5 z
 exhibit+ male or female  attributes4 ,x
 might almo/ be said t ) ?is            
an?ropomorphic  approa* %e is attempt+  
to develop a philosophical basis = !    
pa!tic fallacy4 ,fur!rmore1 if ! human  
is us$ to measure beauty  9 ! non-human1
 ! implication is t man1 n ,god1 is !   
measure  ( beauty4 ,by sett+ up man z ! 
m$iator betwe5 ! mat]ial &  ! div9e1 %e 
po9ts to ! conc5tration 9 ! next c5tury 
on  human values4    ,:5 discuss+ !     
,enquiry 9 8 book on ! ,sublime1 ,samuel
  ,monk po9t$ out c]ta9 o!r t5d5cies :i*
 =e-%ad[ !  com+ ,romantic revolt4 ,?is 
%ift may also be not$ 9 ,miss ,reynolds'
  ext5sion ( c\nt5ance1 ! reflection (  
int]nal virtue1 to mean  =m1 & !        

ext5sion ( int]nal virtue to mean       
disposition1  object1 or cont5t4 ,9     
develop+ ?is =m-cont5t division1 %e     
/umbles on a key criticism (            
associationism3 ,f association (  ideas1
 any object may be pleas+1 ?\gh         
absolutely devoid ( beauty1  & displeas+
 ) x4 ,! =m is !n out ( ! "q2 x is  "s  
real good or evil1 ) :i* ! object1 b n  
its =m1 is  associat$4 ,?is notion t    
associationism leads away f !  "w ( art 
z su* is a p]ceptive comm5t4 ,h] notion 
t =m &  disposition 7or cont5t7 mu/     
correspond 9 ord] to give ae/hetic      
pleasure sugge/s1 ?\gh ! t]ms are       
diff]5t1 c]ta9 (  ,col]idge's basic     
ideas4    ,"o o!r po9t might be /ress$3 
,miss ,reynolds takes an extreme        
morali/ic position t[>d ! arts4 ,aga9 & 
aga9 x is insi/$  t ta/e & beauty are   
moral attributes1 n purely ae/hetic     
concepts4 ,*apt] ,,ii ends ) ! r++      
/atem5t3 ,( ?is ,i  am c]ta91 t true    
ref9em5t is ! effect ( true virtue2 t   
virtue is tru?1 & good2 & t beauty      

dwells 9 !m1 & !y  9 h]4 ,& ! next *apt]
 beg9s3 ,ta/e seems to be an inh]5t     
impulsive t5d5cy ( ! s\l t[>ds true     
good4 ,on ! o!r  h&1 %e sees t ! arts   
are n to be enc\rag$ because su*        
enc\ragem5t is apt to lead to !         
de/ruction ( moral virtue--!  desire =  
fame & weal?4 ,! value ( art z education
 is dismiss$  z ( importance only to !  
few2 ! dang]s ( enc\ragem5t w  imp]il ! 
_m4 ,?\gh ! arts are ?us b5eficial to ! 
gr[+  pr9ciples ( ta/e1 respect+ a few  
individuals1 x is well kn[n  t _!       
e/abli%m5t 9 e nation has _h a contr>y  
effect on  ! community 9 g5]al4444      
,to conclude3 despite its _m defici5cies
 ,frances ,reynolds' ,enquiry  is wor?  
read+4 ,x s]ves admirably to mirror !   
conflict+  eighte5?-c5tury !ories out ( 
:i* our own ae/hetic concepts  h be5    
=m$4      ,james ,l4 ,clif=d            
,columbia ,univ]sity          ,notes to 
! ,introduction      #a4 ,lett]s1 ,,ii1 
#bbc-bd2 correct$ f orig9al lett] 9     
possession  ( ,pr(essor ,f4,w4 ,hilles (

 ,yale ,univ]sity1 :o has giv5          
invaluable  aid 9 ! pres5t inve/igation4
    #b4 ,lett]s1 ,,ii1 #bdi-ej1 correct$
 f ! orig9al by ,dr4 ,r4,w4  ,*apman4   
#c4 ,copy 9 possession ( ,mrs4 ,dore5   
,a%wor?1 ,w9dle%am1 ,surrey4    #d4     
,orig9al 9 ,hunt+ton ,libr>y4    #e4    
,orig9al 9 possession ( ,mrs4 ,a%wor?4  
#f4 ,r\gh draft 9 possession ( ,mrs4    
,a%wor?4    #g4 ,orig9al 9 possession ( 
,pr(essor ,f4,w4 ,hilles4          ,,an 
,,enquiry ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,pr9ciples (   
,,ta/e1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,(  ,,our  
,,ideas ( ,,beauty1 c4            ,sunt 
c]ti d5ique f9es1    ,quos ultra citraqu
 nequit consi/]e rectum4      ,,hor4    
,to ,mrs4 ,,montagu4      ,,madam1    ,7
 ,i n prompt$ by gratitude1 admiration1 
& affection1 to  d$icate to y ! be/     
produce ( my abilities1 :i* ,i imag9e   
?is  to be1 yet1 z ! subject1 ( :i* x   
p>ticul>ly treats1 is moral  excell5ce1 
! univ]sal voice ( mank9d1 ) :om y\r v  
"n  is synonym\s ) virtue itself1 mu/   
plead my apology = tak+  ?is lib]ty4    

,besides1 madam1 x 0 natural = me1 z an 
au?or1 to  ) to avail myself ( !        
advantage1 :i* ?is address af=ds  me1 ( 
prepossess+ ! m9ds ( my read]s ) an     
example ( t  p]fection to :i* all my    
argum5ts t5d1 z a prep>ative1 or aid1   
to _! bett] compreh5d+ my mean+4    ,!  
influ5ce ( virtue is e way b5eficial6   
,y\r "*1  n only secures me f all       
imputation ( flatt]y1 b ?is public      
av[al ( my admiration ( its excell5ce   
conveys an hon\rable  te/imony ( !      
consi/5cy ( my pr9ciples2 hav+ endeav\r$
 to  inculcate1 t ! love & e/eem ( true 
virtue is true hon\r4 ,&  ,i may add1 t 
! sweet gratification ,i feel1 9 !      
indulg+ !  /ronge/ & be/ prop5sion ( my 
nature1 9 ?us expatiat+ 9 its  praise1  
is true pleasure1 true happ9ess4    ,i  
am1 ,madam1        ,y\r oblig$1         
,mo/ ob$i5t1      ,& mo/ humble1 s]vant1
      ,! ,,au?or4          ,,*apt] ,i4  
,a ,,sket* ( ! ,,m5tal ,,sy/em respect+ 
our ,p]ceptions ( ,ta/e1 c4      ,! m9d 
( man1 introspect+ itself1 seems1 z x 71

 79  conjunction ) ! inscrutable        
pr9ciples ( nature17 plac$ 9 !  c5tral  
po9t ( ! creation3 f :5ce1 impell$ by h]
 en]getic  p[]s & illum9$ by h] light1 !
 intellectual faculties1 l  rays1 %oot  
=? 9 direct t5d5cy to _! ultimate po9t (
  p]fection2 &1 z !y advance1 ea*       
individual m9d imp]ceptibly  imbibes !  
influ5ce & light ( ea*1 & is by ?is     
imbibition  alone enabl$ to approa* x4  
,b1 ?\gh ! light ( nature & ( reason    
direct ! human m9d  to p]fection1 or    
true good1 yet1 be+ 9 its progress      
p]petually  imp$$ by adv5titi\s causes1 
casual occurr5ces1 c4 c4 :i*  induce    
false op9ions ( good & evil1 its        
progressive p[]s  g5]ally /op at a      
middle po9t betwe5 m]e uncultivat$      
nature &  p]fection1 a m$ium :i*        
con/itutes :at we call common s5se1 &   
:i*1 9 degree1 seems z di/ant f !       
p]fection ( ! m5tal  faculties z common 
=m is f ! p]fection ( =m1 beauty4       
,illu/ration3             ,,sublimity4  
,,grace                                 

,,beauty  ,,tru?                        
,,common ,,s5se  ,,common ,,=m          
,,nature      ,on m$itat+ on ?is        
subject1 & m>k+ ! progressive /ages  or 
degrees ( human excell5ce1 ! great lead+
 g5]al tru?s1  or m5tal re/s1 z ,i may  
call !m1 ! common1 ! beautiful1 !       
graceful1 & ! sublime1 ,i h be5         
naturally l$ to =m a k9d  ( diagrammatic
 repres5tation ( _! respective di/ances1
 c4 c4  :i* ,i pres5t to my read] on !  
opposite page1 reque/+ him to  ref] to x
 n[ & !n z he goes on1 9 ord] to        
facilitate 8  compreh5sion ( my mean+4  
,& "h x may be necess>y to premise1 t1  
h[ev] :imsical &  absurd ?is del9eation 
may appe> to my read]1 some?+ analog\s  
to ! ?\ght may be f\nd 9 ! works ( _m   
em95t philosoph]s1  p>ticul>ly 9 ^? (   
,bacon,a & ( ,locke3,b ! latt]  sugge/+ 
t ! :ole sy/em ( morality might be r$uc$
 to  ma!matical demon/ration2 & ! =m]1 9
 8 treatise on !  ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 
gives a description ( ! /ages ( sci5ce  
v mu* resembl+ my del9eation ( ! /ages (

 intellectual  p]fection1 or ta/e4      
,footnote ,a3 ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1     
,book #b;d4    ,footnote ,b3 ,essay on  
human ,und]/&+1 ,*ap4 #c;d1 ,book ! #d?1
 &  ,*ap4 #ab?1 same ,book1 ,sect4 #h?4 
,x c\ld h be5 no di%on\r to me to h be5 
l$ by su*  conductors6 ,yet1 z ! tru? _c
 di%on\r me nei!r1 ,i mu/  av]1 t my    
little sy/em 0 project$1 & br\ght to !  
exact  /ate x n[ is 91 )\t my hav+ !    
lea/ appreh5sion t any  ?+ simil> _h be5
 sugge/$ be=e by any p]son :atev]2 nor  
h ,i1 9 consequ5ce ( ! discov]y ,i h    
lately made ( !  op9ions ( ^!           
respectable au?ors1 add$ or omitt$ a    
s+le  ?\ght 9 my treatise4 ,b to return 
f my digression4    ,9 ! exact c5t] ( my
 circle ( humanity1 ,i h plac$ nature1  
or ! spr+s ( ! intellectual p[]s1 :i*   
t5d1 9 a  /raight l9e1 to its b\nd>y2 &1
 on its b\nd>y1 ,i h plac$  demon/rable 
beauty & tru?1 & ! utmo/ p[] ( rules2 &1
  midway2 ,i h plac$ common s5se &      
common =m1 half d]iv+  _! exi/5ce f pure
 nature1 & half f its highe/            

cultivation1 z f> z art or rules c tea*4
 ,a conjunction :i*  w\ld itself be !   
p]fection ( humanity1 b t x is mix$ )   
all t is n nature1 & all t is n art1 &  
!reby made  m$iocrity1 i4e4 common s5se4
    ,! intellectual p[]s1 arriv+ at !   
limit ( my common circle1  i4e4 at !    
limit ( ! basis ( my pyramidical sy/em1 
:]e ,i  h plac$ ! fix$ proportions (    
beauty & ( tru?1 7if !y  progress17 m\nt
 up z a flame1 ) undulat+,a motion1     
ref9+  z !y advance1 & t]m9ate 9 !      
p9nacle1 or ultimate po9t1  sublimity2  
=m+ 9 ! imag9ation ! figure ( a pyramid1
  or cone1 f ! limit ( ^: base1 7on :i*1
 z ,i h be=e  obs]v$1 ,i h plac$        
demon/rable tru? & beauty1 ! utmo/  p[] 
( rules1 c47 f t limit up to ! ultimate 
po9t (  sublimity1 ,i call ! region (   
intellectual pleasure1 g5ius1 or  ta/e2 
& 9 its c5t] ,i place grace1 ^: influ5ce
 p]vades1  *e]s1 & n\ri%es1 e "p ( x1 an
 object :i*1 9 ?is  ideal region1 is    
simil> 9 its situation & degree to t (  
common  s5se 9 ! common or fundam5tal   

region4 ,grace seems to p>take  ( !     
p]ception bo? ( beauty & ( sublimity1 z 
common s5se  p>takes ( nature & ( art4  
,grace is ! *>act]i/ic object or  g5]al 
=m ( ! ideal region1 & its p]ception is 
! g5]al  limit ( ! p[]s ( imag9ation or 
ta/e4 ,few1 v few1 atta9 to  ! po9t (   
sublimity2 ! ne plus ultra ( human      
conception6 !  alpha & omega4 ,! s5tim5t
 ( sublimity s9ks into ! s\rce (        
nature1 & t ( ! s\rce ( nature m\nts to 
! s5tim5t (  sublimity1 ea* po9t seem+  
to ea* ! cause & ! effect2 !  orig9 & ! 
end6    ,footnote ,a3 ,i use t          
expression1 because x is ! peculi>      
motion  ( grace z well z ( a flame4     
,hav+ ?us drawn ! outl9e ( my           
pyramidical m5tal sy/em1 ,i  propose to 
expatiate a little on ea* po9t or /age  
?r\gh\t !  great *>act]i/ic l9e (       
intellectual p[]4    ,! fir/ po9t ,!    
exact c5t]1 nature1 or ! orig9 ( our    
intellectual faculties1 admits ( no     
inve/igation1 its idea1 z ,i  h obs]v$  
be=e1 loses itself 9 ! s5tim5t (        

sublimity1  & we see no?+2 & !re=e ,i   
pass on to an object :i* is  p]ceptible1
 ! common g5]al "* ( humanity1 ext]ior &
  inf]ior4 ,i h plac$ !m on a l9e1      
because _! ideas are s  analog\s1 t !y  
unite 9 "o4      ,section #a4 ,common   
,s5se & common ,=m4    ,p]fection seems 
to be ! gr\nd-"w bo? ( common s5se &  ( 
common =m2 &1 :at prev5ts ea* f be+     
p]fect1 is !  adv5titi\s blemi%es1 !    
additions to1 & ! dim9utions f1  :at is 
p]fect1 mak+ ! too little & ! too l>ge4 
,b1 ^!  defects be+ di/ribut$ 91 small  
portions ?r\gh\t ! g5]al  common =m &   
common m9d1 !y con/itute an object1 :e!r
  visible or intellectual1 betwe5       
p]fection & imp]fection1 namely1  t (   
m$iocrity1 nei!r excit+ admiration nor  
disgu/4 ,&1 z  exp]i5ce gives ! g5]al   
idea ( ! common & true appe>ance  ( !   
human =m1 z well to ! ru/ic z to ! mo/  
enlight5$  philosoph]1 s consequ5tly    
does x enable him to see de=mity1 or    
:at is an unusual appe>ance 9 t =m4     
,b1 ?\gh unusual defects seem to be     

evid5t to e eye1 x is  only to ! man (  
ta/e & nice disc]nm5t t ! same degree ( 
unusual beauties are equally p]ceptible2
 :i* corresponds ) my  op9ion1 t !      
gr\nd-"w ( humanity is p]fection1 & t   
its  blemi%es only t+e its pure :ite1 n 
discol\r x s mu*1 b1  :5 held at a      
di/ance1 i4e4 9 ab/ract idea1 x is /ill 
a :ite1  l a %eet ( pap]1 or clo? ( !   
mo/ p]fect :ite1 regul>ly  *eck]$ ov] ) 
a v>iety ( figures ( e col\r1 & plac$   
at a di/ance1 appe>+ to ! eye a :ite1 a 
mezzo common :ite2  &1 z any unusual    
figure1 ,i mean unusually l>ge & opaque1
 on ?is  mezzo gr\nd1 w\ld be m         
conspicu\s ?an any ( a great] degree  ( 
transp>5cy or a m p]fect :ite c\ld be by
 an abs5ce ( any  ( ! figures2 s any    
degree ( de=mity is1 m opposite to !    
g5]al common =m ?an beauty1 & any degree
 ( insanity is m  opposite to common    
s5se ?an intellectual excell5ce4    ,&1 
7to cont9ue my allusion17 z ^? t9ts1 or 
blemi%es1 :i*  obscure ! gr\nd1 mu/ be  
dis*>g$ to make a p]fect :ite1 s  mu/ ! 

arti/1 9 creat+ beauty1 dis*>ge !       
blemi%es t  t+e & obscure ! human =m1 & 
:i* give x ! "* (  m$iocrity1 till !    
p]fect :ite1 or total abs5ce ( defect1  
or  beauty1 result4    ,common s5se     
seems to be diffusive tru?1 & common =m 
diffusive  beauty2 &1 z ?is diffusion is
 always exi/+ ) u1 ext]nally  &         
int]nally1 x is no wond] t we %\ld m    
easily p]ceive  :at is 9 opposition to  
x1 evil1 ?an :at is 9 unison ) x1  good4
    ,on a l9e ) common =m & common s5se 
,i place common ease (  body & ( m9d3   
unfelt heal?1 unfelt good1 or t aris+ to
 !  degree ( satisfaction & cont5t2 9   
f9e1 :atev] we call  commonly good1 &   
requisite = ! well-be+ ( humanity4      
,section #b4 ,beauty & ,tru?4    ,i mean
 t beauty :i* is demon/rable tru?1 & t  
tru? :i*  is demon/rable beauty4        
,exactitude4 ,completion4 ,! j m$ium4 ,!
  satisfactory re/ ( ! m9d4 ,p]fection4 
,a po9t1 inde$1 9 :i*  ! m9d _c re/6 ,x 
mu/ g =w>d or backw>d4 ,if ! latt]1  x  
relapses into ! dom9ion ( error2 if !   

=m]1 if assumes  ! *>ms ( design1 or    
int5tion4 ,! arti/1 arriv$ at !         
ultimate limit ( rules1 or demon/rable  
tru?1 /&s1 z x 71  betwe5 ! visible &   
invisible _w2 betwe5 t ( s5se &         
intellect2 ! common & ! uncommon2 & 8   
productions w be a  conjunction ( bo?4  
,he looks back ?r\gh all ! v>iety (     
common  nature1 & reviews1 ?r\gh ! m$ium
 ( tru? & beauty1 !  v>i\s objects x    
exhibits2 & on its spotless gr\nd1 i4e4 
!  ab/ract idea ( nature )\t defects1 c 
only exi/ 9 idea1  he arranges ^?       
objects1 objects1 s z !y may be/ produce
 !  effects he aims at 9 8 art4 ,he does
 n attempt to oblit]ate  any "* 9 !     
common circle ( nature2 b1 foll[+ h]    
own oeconomy1 he endeav\rs1 by          
juxtaposition1 c4 to make ea*  subs]vi5t
 to ea* 9 creat+ delight1 & giv+ beauty 
to !  :ole4 ,b1 to desc5d f ! ab/ract   
g5]al idea to !  p>ticul> idea ( beauty1
 or idea ( a p>ticul> =m3    ,we disc>d 
e ?+1 t is n beauty1 to compose beauty2 
b  e ?+ t is n beauty is n !re=e        

de=mity4 ,! wrong  we see 9 ea*         
individual we d n call de=mity3 :5 x is 
s1 x  /&s on ! limit ( ! common circle1 
9 opposition to beauty4    ,f common =m 
seem to orig9ate beauty & de=mity2 &1 z 
!y  rec$e f ea* o!r 9 opposite          
directions1 !y become less &  less l _! 
p>5t1 common =m1 b nev] totally unlike2 
=  x is _! lik5ess to t =m t con/itutes 
! "o beauty1 &  ! o!r de=mity2 =1 7 !re 
no resemblance 9 de=mity  to ! common   
=m1 x w\ld be a diff]5t species1 & no   
long]  disgu/2 & none 9 beauty1 x w\ld  
no long] please4    ,!re is no p>ticul> 
common =m1 b :i*1 to create beauty1 an  
arti/1 :o /udies ! p]fection ( ! human  
=m1 mu/ improve 9  "s1 if n 9 e "p2 to  
effect :i*1 consid]$ z m]e =m  only1    
rules w suffice1 b1 consid]$ z grace1 x 
mu/ express a  s5tim5t t no rules c     
give6    ,t all feel ! same s5tim5t (   
admiration = t :i* !y  ?9k ! mo/ p]fect1
 h[ev] ! objects may diff]1 has induc$  
"s to believe t beauty is an arbitr>y   
idea1 & t x exi/s  only 9 ! imag9ation6 

,b does x foll[1 t1 because x is n      
possible = ! savage or ! man ( ta/e to  
judge ( any object  b z exp]i5ce enables
 him to judge1 t !re=e !re is no        
preem95ce 9 t =m :i* is beauty to ! "o  
above t :i*  is beauty to ! o!r8        
,some:]e !re mu/ exi/1 :e!r p]ceiv$ or  
n1 ! p]fection1  or highe/ po9t (       
excell5ce ( ! human =m respect+         
proportion2 & some:]e !re mu/ exi/1 or  
does at times exi/1  ! highe/ excell5ce 
( its expression1 i4e4 ! moral *>m ( !  
human c\nt5ance1 grace4    ,! arti/1 :o 
has only se5 ! beauty ( 8 own nation1 w 
f  t =m 8 /&>d ( p]fection4 ,b1 :5 he   
comes to ext5d 8  enquiry1 :5 he has    
view$ ! beauty ( o!r nations1 p>ticul>ly
  t =m & t expression :i* ! ,grecian    
arti/s 7:o 7  probably on a l9e ) !     
,grecian philosoph]s7 modell$ f _!      
ideas ( beauty6 he w quit 8 p>tiality = 
! beauty ( 8 own  c\ntry1 & pref] t ( ! 
,grecian1 :i* ,i imag9e is pref]able  to
 t ( ! :ole _w6 ,! only crit]ion to     
prove x s1 ,i mean  its =m1 w\ld be to  

select f e nation ! mo/ p]fect 9 x1  & f
 t numb] to *oose ! mo/ p]fect1 7 ?is   
possible  to be done1 respect+ ! ext]nal
 =m ( beauty3 x c\ld n  respect+ !      
int]nal expression ( beauty1 grace2 = :o
 %all  be ! _w's arbit] ( ! ne plus     
ultra ( grace6    ,t ! arti/s ( all ages
 & ( all nations h t]m9at$ _!  enquiries
 aft] beauty 9 t ( ! ,grecian =m is !   
highe/  pro( t c be giv5 ( its sup]ior  
excell5ce to t ( all !  _w6    ,common  
=m1 z ,i h obs]v$ be=e1 is s mu* ne>]   
beauty ?an  de=mity1 t x is1 9 ab/ract  
idea1 ! model to compose beauty  ( =m f4
 ,! univ]sal appe>ance ( nature is1 to e
 eye1  "r1 fit1 faultless1 c4 !re=e1 if 
e "p ( ! copy be !  same1 p>ticul>ly1 ,i
 mean1 9 ! human =m1 beauty ( =m mu/    
result4    ,! beauty ( e "p ( ! human   
body1 =m+ a p]fect :ole1  is analog\s to
 an in/rum5t ( music 9 p]fect concord1 &
 m]e  exactitude ( proportion 9 its     
p>ts1 exclusive ( ! idea ( m9d1  w\ld1  
,i imag9e1 h no m effect ^u ! spectator 
?an ! m]e  concord ( ! /r+s ( an        

in/rum5t has on ! he>]2 x am\nts  to no 
m ?an blameless "r1 nor1 till influ5c$  
by s5tim5t1  c x g f>!r4    ,b1 z we are
 incapable ( sep>at+ ! idea ( ! human =m
 f  ! human m9d1 & z ! t\* ( an in/rum5t
 9 p]fect concord  gives a pres5tim5t ( 
h>mony1 s does ! p]ception ( !          
concordance ( ! p>ts ( a beautiful =m   
give a p]ception (  grace4 ,! m9d1 z ,i 
h obs]v$ be=e1 _c re/ 9 fix$  p]fection1
 ! ,spotless :ite2 & its natural        
transition f  beauty mu/ be into !      
region ( grace4      ,section #c4       
,grace4    ,! pr9ciples1 :i* con/itute  
grace1 g5ius1 or ta/e1 are "o2  :i* is  
d5om9at$ grace 9 ! object1 g5ius 9 !    
production (  ! object1 & ta/e 9 !      
p]ception ( x4    ,! exi/5ce ( grace    
seems to dep5d m ^u ! "* (  m5tal ?an ( 
corporeal beauty4 ,all its motions seem 
to indicate &1  to be regulat$ by !     
utmo/ delicacy ( s5tim5t6 ,i h plac$ x  
betwe5 ! highe/ s5tim5t ( ! human m9d1  
sublmity1 t  no rules c tea*1 & ! highe/
 s5tim5t t rules c tea*1  exact beauty1 

! two extremes ( ! vrai reel & ! vrai   
ideal4  ,grace seems1 z x 71 to hang    
betwe5 ! influ5ce ( bo?2 !  irregul>    
sublime giv+ "* & relief to ! negative &
  det]m9$ qualities ( beauty2 & beauty1 
i4e4 tru?1 conf9+  )9 due b\nds !       
ecc5tric qualities ( sublimity1 =m+1 bo?
  to sight & 9 idea1 ord]ly v>iety1 !   
wav+ l9e1 nei!r  /raight nor crook$4 ,! 
wav+ l9e is ! symbol1 or mem5to1 z  ,i  
may say1 ( grace1 :]ev] x is se5 9      
:atev] =m1 animate or  inanimate2 & may 
be ju/ly /yl$ ! l9e ( ta/e or grace6    
,! p]ception ( grace seems n to be      
intirely new nor intirely  famili> to u2
 b is1 z x 71 :at we h _h a pres5tim5t (
  9 ! m9d1 )\t exam9+ x1 & :i* !        
graceful object1 or  action1 c4 calls =?
 to our view4 ,be+ s mu* our own idea1  
we  l to behold x1 to dwell ^u x2 & yet1
 n be+ a famili>  idea1 x creates a     
pleas+ mild degree ( admiration4        
,grace seems half cele/ial2 = all !     
virtues accompany1 inde$  compose1 !    
p]ception2 = none1 ,i imag9e1 c h a     

p]ception (  grace t has none ( ! *>ms (
 virtue4    ,! s5tim5t ( grace1 caus$ by
 ! motion ( beauty1 music1 poetry1      
b5efic5ce1 compassion1 c4 may be rank$ z
 ! highe/ intellectual  pleasure ! m9d  
is capable ( p]ceiv+1 & br+s ) x a sort 
( undet]m9$ consci\sness ( ! delicacy ( 
our own p]ceptions  9 mak+ ! discov]y1 a
 degree ( t glory+ t ,long9us  obs]ves  
always accompanies ! p]ception ( !      
sublime4    ,y c no m def9e grace ?an y 
c happ9ess4 ,! m9d _c  s /$fa/ly behold 
x z to inve/igate its real prop]ties4   
,grace  is inde$ ! po9t ( happ9ess 9 !  
ideal region1 bo? because x  arises     
spontane\sly1 )\t ef=t1 c4 & because x  
seems p>tly  )9 our own p[]1 & p>tly )\t
 x4    ,z common s5se1 9 my fundam5tal  
circle1 seems diffusive tru?1 s  grace1 
9 my ideal circle1 seems diffusive      
sublimity2 e p]ception  ( ! =m] seems to
 be t+$1 z x 71 ) ! col\r ( !  latt]4   
,section #d4 ,sublimity4    ,:]e pure   
grace ends1 ! awe ( ! sublime beg9s1    
compos$ ( !  influ5ce ( pa91 ( pleasure1

 ( grace1 & de=mity1 play+ into  ea*    
o!r1 t ! m9d is unable to det]m9e :i* to
 call x1  pa91 pleasure1 or t]ror4 ,)\t 
a conjunction ( ^! p[]s !re  c\ld be no 
sublimity4    ,^? only :o h pass$ ?r\gh 
! degrees1 common s5se1 tru?  & grace1  
i4e4 ! s5tim5t ( grace1 c h a s5tim5t ( 
sublimity4 ,x is ! mild admiration (    
grace rais$ to wond]  & a/oni%m5t2 to a 
s5tim5t ( p[] out ( our p[] to  produce 
or control4 ,grace mu/ h be5 z famili>  
to ! intellect1  9 ord] to discov]      
sublimity1 z common s5se 9 ! common     
region  mu/ h be5 to ! discov]y ( tru? &
 beauty4 ,9 f9e1 g5ius1  or ta/e1 :i* is
 ! s5tim5t ( grace1 & :i* ,i h call$ !  
common s5se ( ! ideal region1 c alone   
discov] ! true sublime4    ,x is a      
p9nacle ( beatitude bord]+ ^u horror1   
de=mity1  madness6 an em95ce f :5ce !   
m9d1 t d>es to look f>!r1  is lo/6 ,x   
seems to /&1 or r to wav]1 betwe5       
c]ta9ty  & unc]ta9ty1 betwe5 security & 
de/ruction4 ,x is ! po9t (  t]ror1 (    
undet]m9$ fe>1 ( undet]m9$ p[]6    ,!   

idea ( ! supreme ,be+ is1 ,i imag9e1 9 e
 brea/1 f !  cl[n to ! greate/          
philosoph]1 8 po9t ( sublimity6         
,,*apt] ,,ii4    ,on ! ,,orig9 ( our    
,,ideas ( ,,beauty4      ,9 proportion z
 ! pr9ciples ( beauty exi/ 9 ! common   
=m1  undet]m9$ to ! common eye1 s d !y  
exi/ 9 common s5se1  undet]m9$ to !     
common m9d4 ,x is cultivation t calls !m
  into view1 gives !m a det]m9$ =m1     
creates ! object1 & !  p]ception1 t     
',tru? & good are "o1    ,& beauty      
dwells 9 !m1 & !y 9 h]4'      ,,ak5side4
    ,b1 ?\gh all tru? resolves into "o  
tru?1 "o beauty1 "o  good1 z all col\rs 
resolve into "o light2 ?\gh !           
sci5tifical  intellectual col\rs1       
classes1 or lead+ pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 ! 
physical1 ! moral1 ! metaphysical1 c4 c4
 resolve into  intellectual light1      
beauty1 or good2 x is1 ,i imag9e1 !     
moral  tru?1 t is ! *>act]i/ic tru? (   
beauty3 =1 7 we to  analyse ! pleas+    
emotions we feel at ! sight ( beauty1 we
  %\ld1 ,i imag9e1 f9d !m compos$ ( our 

mo/ ref9$ moral  affections2 & h5ce !   
univ]sal int]e/+ *>m ( beauty4 ,&1  z ^?
 affections ref9e by culture1 h5ce !    
diff]5t degrees (  ! s5tim5ts :i* beauty
 creates 9 ! ru/ic1 & 9 ! man (  ta/e4  
,! =m] p]ceives only ! physical *>m (   
beauty1 !  fre%ness ( col\r1 ! bloom (  
y\?1 c4 b1 to ! man ( ta/e1  ! physical 
pleases only ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! moral3 ! 
body  *>ms because ! s\l is se52 beauty1
 9 8 brea/1 is ! s\rce  f :5ce endless  
/reams ( fair ideas fl[1 ext5d+ ?r\gh\t 
! :ole region ( ta/e1 no object ( :i* b 
is m or less  relat$ to ! pr9ciples (   
human beauty4 ,b ta/e1 ?\gh a subject   
almo/ insep>able f t ( beauty1 ,i mu/   
=be> to enl>ge ^u  9 ?is *apt]1 z ,i    
propose to make x ! p>ticul> subject (  
my  next4    ,x is b at t p]iod1 at :i* 
we beg9 to p]ceive ! *>ms (  moral      
virtue1 t we beg9 to p]ceive ! real *>ms
 ( beauty4 ,x  is true1 a man may atta91
 by exp]i5ce1 ! k ( its j  proportions2 
)\t t concomitant s5tim5t4 ,he may be   
unconsci\s  ( ! *>act]i/ic moral *>m    

result+ f ! :ole4 ,&  an arti/1 ,i      
imag9e1 by ! habitual practice ( ! rules
 :i*  con/itute beauty1 may produce =ms 
:i* *>m ! moral s5se (  o!rs1 )\t be+   
consci\s ( x himself2 ! utmo/ limit (  !
 rules ( ! imitative arts be+ s         
intimately unit$ ) !  intuitive         
pr9ciples ( ta/e1 or ref9$ moral s5se1 t
 ! m9d  9 g5]al _c di/+ui% :]e ! "o ends
 or ! o!r beg9s4  ,! arti/1 :o sep>ates 
!m1 leans on ! second cause in/ead (  ! 
fir/4    ,z ! /ronge/ pro( t ! moral    
s5se is ! gov]n+ pr9ciple  ( beauty1 we 
may rem>k1 t ! human =m1 f infancy to   
old age1 has its peculi> beauty annex$  
to x f ! virtue  or affection t nature  
gives x1 & :i* x exhibits 9 !           
c\nt5ance4 ,! negative virtue1 innoc5ce1
 is ! beauty ( !  *ild4 ,! m =m$        
virtues1 b5evol5ce1 g5]osity1           
compassion1  c4 are ! virtues ( y\?1 &  
its beauty4 ,! fix$ & det]m9$  virtues1 
ju/ice1 temp]ance1 =titude1 c4 compose !
 beauty (  manhood4 ,! philosophic &    
religi\s ca/ ( c\nt5ance is !  beauty ( 

old age4 ,n[1 7 any ( ^! expressions    
misappli$1 i4e4  commut$1 !y w\ld disgu/
 r ?an please3 )\t congruity  !re c\ld  
be no virtue2 )\t virtue1 no beauty1 no 
s5tim5t (  ta/e4    ,& ?us ! beauty (   
ea* sex is se5 only ?r\gh ! m$ium (  !  
virtues belong+ to ea*4 ,! beauty ( !   
mascul9e sex is se5  only ?r\gh ! m$ium 
( ! mascul9e virtues2 ! beauty ( !      
fem99e only ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! fem99e4 ,!
 moral s5se  gives ea* its di/9ct       
portion ( ! same virtues1 b draws a l9e 
:i* nei!r c pass )\t a dim9ution ( _!   
specific  beauty4 ,! s(tness & mildness 
( ! fem99e expression w\ld  be displeas+
 9 a man4 ,! robu/ & det]m9$ expression 
(  ! rigid virtues1 ju/ice1 =titude1 c4 
w\ld be displeas+ 9 a  woman4 ,h[ev]    
p]fect ! ,=m1 if an incongruity t t\*es 
!  well-be+ ( humanity m+les ) ! idea1 !
 ,=m w n af=d  ! pleas+ p]ception (     
beauty3 ?\gh ! eye may be capable (     
see+ its regul>ity1 c4 s f> is x f      
pleas+1 t x is  ! m disgu/+ f its       
semblance to virtue1 because t t        

semblance is a contradiction to h] laws4
    ,may x n be ow+ to ^! expressions1 s
 famili> to e eye1  t ! g5]al s5se (    
good ta/e et]nally exi/s8 ,!y are !     
legible *>act]s ( human excell5ce1 no   
:]e visible b 9 !  human c\nt5ance1 e   
obs]vation ( :i* improves & confirms  ! 
moral s5tim5t1 or image ( beauty1       
implant$ by nature 9 !  m9d ( man4    ,!
 orig9 ( ! idea ( beauty is ! same 9 e  
brea/1 savage  & civiliz$4 ,e nation's  
*>act]i/ic ,=m or expression (  beauty w
 be a repres5tation1 or portrait1 ( _!  
*>act]i/ic  virtue1 _! happ9ess1 _!     
good4 ,?us1 9 ! op9ion ( ! wild  savage1
 t face or =m w be ! mo/ beautiful t    
assimilates  ) 8 idea ( savage virtues1 
corporeal /r5g?1 c\rage1 c4  p]fections 
t are plac$ 9 bones & n]ves3 z t ( ! mo/
  cultivat$ nations1 witness !          
,grecians1 w indicate or portray !  mo/ 
ref9$ m5tal virtues4 ,& h5ce we may     
conclude1 if !re be  any dignity1 any   
tru?1 any beauty1 9 virtue1 !re mu/ be a
 real  diff]5ce1 sup]ior & inf]ior      

*>act]i/ic p[] ( pleas+  9 ! ext]ior ( !
 human =m4    ,x is cultivation t gives 
bir? to beauty z well z to virtue1  by  
call+ =? ! visible object to correspond 
) ! invisible  intellectual object4 ,9 !
 face or =m ( an idiot1 or ! l[e/       
ru/ic1 !re is no beauty2 &1 suppos+ a   
nation ( idiots1 &  t !y nev] c\ld      
improve 9 m5tal beauty1 !y nev] c\ld1 ,i
  imag9e1 improve 9 corporeal1 ev5 ?\gh 
_! natural =m 0 ^u  an equality ) ! re/ 
( mank9d2 =1 )\t s5tim5t1 !y  c\ld n    
only be incapable ( express+ any s5tim5t
 analog\s to  beauty1 b1 want+ !        
surr\nd+ influ5ce ( a moral sy/em1 i4e4 
( ! g5]al influ5ce ( education on !     
ext]ior1 !y c\ld n  suppress or veil a  
semblance incongru\s ) beauty4 ,:at no  
p]son  felt no p]son c\ld tea*4    ,9   
cultivat$ nations1 e precept = ext]ior  
appe>ance1 f !  fir/ rudim5ts ( !       
danc+-ma/] to ! motion ( grace1 has =   
its object m9d1 t is1 a desire to       
impress ^u ! spectator a  fav\rable idea
 ( our m5tal "*2 b1 pass$ ! true po9t ( 

cultivation1 !y lose ) ! s5tim5t ( m5tal
 excell5ce t (  true beauty2 witness !  
ext]ior artificial appe>ance ( humanity 
9 a neighb\r+ nation1 :i* probably is on
 a p> ) ! mo/  uncultivat$ ru/ic4 ,! "o 
does n en\gh = nature1 ! o!r  too mu*4  
,b1 z ! =m] has an object be=e him1 to  
:i* nature  h]self directs him1 ! o!r is
 rec$+ f x2 &1 z x is m  agreeable1 m   
easy1 & m natural1 to ! human m9d1 to   
le>n  ?an to unle>n1 ,i %\ld soon]      
expect ! mo/ uncultivat$ nation1  !     
negro except$1 to arrive at ta/e 9 true 
beauty ?an !m4 ,!  negro-race seems to  
be ! f>!/ remov$ f ! l9e ( true         
cultivation ( any ( ! human species2 _! 
defect ( =m &  complexion be+1 ,i       
imag9e1 z /rong an ob/acle to _! acquir+
  true ta/e 7! produce ( m5tal          
cultivation7 z any natural defect  !y   
may h 9 _! intellectual faculties4 ,=   
if1 z ,i h  obs]v$1 ! total want (      
cultivation w\ld preclude ext]nal       
beauty1 ! total want ( ext]nal beauty   
w\ld preclude ! p[]  ( cultivation4 ,x  

appe>s to me inconceivable1 t !         
negro-race  suppos+ _! m5tal p[]s 7 ^u a
 level ) o!r nations1  c\ld ev] arrive  
at true ta/e1 :5 _! eye is accu/om$ only
  to objects s diametrically opposite to
 ta/e z ! face & =m (  negroes are6 ,our
 be+ us$ or n us$ to ! object _c make u 
p]ceive any simil>ity 9 ! l9eam5ts ( _! 
c\nt5ance to !  l9eam5ts1 if ,i may s   
say1 ( our ref9$ virtues & affections1  
:i* alone con/itute beauty2 & !re=e ,i  
am induc$ to believe  t !y are a l[]    
ord] ( human be+s ?an ! ,europeans4     
,beauty is an assemblage ( e human *>m2 
yet :at we call !  agreeable is (t5 m   
captivat+4    ,! agreeable1 9 p]son1 is 
compos$ ( beauties & defects1 z is  !   
common =m1 b diff]5tly compos$4 ,!      
beauties & defects  ( ! latt] are bl5d$ 
into ! idea ( m$iocrity2 ^? ( !  =m] are
 always di/9ct & p]ceptible1 contra/+   
ea* o!r1  !y engage ! att5tion1 & create
 a k9d ( pleas+ re-creation  to ! m5tal 
faculties2 &1 9 proportion z we c br+ !m
  to unite ) our gov]n+ pr9ciples (     

pleasure1 !y create  affection1 :i*     
gives ! p]son a m fasc9at+ *>m ?an      
beauty  itself4    ,x is ! m5tal "* t is
 ! mov+ pr9ciple ( affection2  & any    
/rong peculi>ity1 t contradicts n !     
moral s5se1  i4e4 t is n unnatural1     
gives ! object an access>y *>m1 &       
raises ! affection to passion4 ,! object
 is at once ! common &  ! uncommon2 an  
union1 :i* con/itutes all we call       
excell5t1 all  we admire6    ,!         
p]ception ( ! *>ms ( ! agreeable seem to
 be wr\ght up  to excell5ce by !        
op]ation ( our own p[]s4 ,we ourselves  
h bl5d$ its beauties & defects into !   
s5tim5t ( beauty1  pleasure2 & h5ce1    
probably1 ! /r5g? & durability ( !      
passion :i* x creates4 ,beauty1 on !    
contr>y1 is compos$ to our  h&s1 full1  
p]fect1 & intire2 its idea is also a    
comp\nd (  ! common & ! uncommon1 be+ at
 once l & unlike ! g5]al  =m2 b inh]5tly
 x has no contra/1 & !re=e af=ds no     
recreation1 no pleas+ ex]cise1 to !     
m5tal faculties2 !re is  no?+ to        

re-create1 no?+ to wi%2 & h5ce !        
in/ability  ( ! passion :i* x inspires4 
,p]fect beauty is1 l p]fect  happ9ess1  
lo/ z soon z x is atta9$4    ,x is1 ,i  
imag9e1 to ! pr9ciples ( ! mascul9e & ! 
fem99e  "*1 t we owe ! p]ception (      
beauty or ta/e1 9 any  object :atev]1   
?r\gh\t all nature & all art t imitates 
nature2 &1 9 objects :i* diff] f ! human
 =m1 !  pr9ciples mu/ be 9 ! extreme1   
because ! object is !n m]ely            
symbolical4 ,?us1 ! meekness ( ! lamb1 &
 ! high-spirit$  pranc+ /e$2 ! g5tle    
dove1 & ! impetu\s eagle2 ! placid      
lake1 & ! swell+ ocean2 ! l[ly valley1 &
 ! aspir+  m\nta94 ,x is ! fem99e "* t  
is ! sweete/1 ! mo/  int]e/+1 image (   
beauty2 ! mascul9e p>takes ( ! sublime4 
,?us x w be f\nd1 t1 9 e object t is    
univ]sally  pleas+1 !re exi/ pr9ciples  
:i* are analog\s to ^? t  con/itute     
beauty 9 ! human species2 & t its       
appe>ance does  always1 9 "s degree1    
move ! affections1 ?\gh ! m9d may be    
unconsci\s ( its similitude to any idea 

9 :i* ! affections are  conc]n$4 ,b !   
te/ ( ! object's possess+ ! pr9ciples  (
 beauty is :5 we are able to assimilate 
its appe>ance )  "s amiable int]e/+     
affection2 &1 accord+ z t affection     
prevails 9 ! brea/ ( ! spectator1 x w   
appe> ) an  additional p[] ( pleas+4    
,f association ( ideas1 any object may  
be pleas+1 ?\gh  absolutely devoid (    
beauty1 & displeas+ ) x4 ,! =m is  !n   
out ( ! "q2 x is "s real good or evil1 )
 :i*  ! object1 b n its =m1 is          
associat$4    ,x is obs]vable1 t ^?     
animals ,i h m5tion$ 7& ,i imag9e  all  
animals t are symbolical ( our          
affections h ! same7 h  a d\ble "* (    
beauty1 or ref]5ce to ! affection t is  
mov$3 i4e4 _! =m & _! disposition1      
exactly correspond+  ) ea* o!r4         
,probably on t union dep5ds _! p[] (    
pleas+2 _! =m alone1 s diff]5t f human  
beauty1 c\ld  n suffici5tly engage !    
att5tion1 or af=d ! int]e/+  p]ception1 
:i* ! consi/5cy ( tru? does1 9 ! intire 
( an  object4    ,e object ( ta/e has at

 lea/ a d\ble ref]5ce to m5tal          
pleasure1 :e!r ! object1 9 !            
philosophical scale ( our  p]ceptions1  
belongs to ^? ( s5se or intellect4 ,?us1
 !  beauty ( ! rose w\ld n c]ta9ly be s 
p]ceptible to u1  want+ its fragrance1  
&1 ) a nause\s smell1 w\ld n probably   
be admitt$1 z ,i may say1 into ! rank ( 
agreeabl5ess1 ?\gh  x is 9 reality a    
beautiful & pleas+ object2 nor1 suppos+ 
!  ?i/le1 or any o!r ugly fl[]1 possess$
 ( ! fragrance ( !  rose1 %\ld we !re=e 
?9k x an object ( ta/e1 any m ?an  we c 
?9k ! =m ( an elephant beautiful1 ?\gh  
endu$ )  almo/ intellectual beauty4     
,9 ! =m & col\r ( fl[]s1 !re appe>s to  
me a /rik+  analogy to ! "* ( human     
beauty4 ,!y af=d an ocul>  demon/ration1
 9 ! pleasure ) :i* we contemplate _!   
p>ticul> =ms1 t ! pleasure1 we receive f
 ! beauty ( !  human =m1 orig9ates f    
m5tal "*3 witness ! *>m (  ! infant1    
innoc5ce ( ! sn[-drop1 ( ! s(t elegance 
( !  hyac9?1 c4 &1 on ! contr>y1 our    
dis-reli% ( ! gaudy tulip1  ! robu/1    

unmean+1 mascul9e1 piony1 hollyhock1 c4 
c4    ,x is1 ,i imag9e1 f a resemblance 
to "s pre-conceiv$ idea (  beauty 9 !   
human species1 t we are p>ticul>ly      
pleas$ )  ! sight ( "o fl[] m ?an )     
ano!r1 ?\gh ! m9d  is unconsci\s ( !    
cause4 ,& ?us ! pleasure1 caus$ by !    
app>5t beauty ( e object ?r\gh\t ! sy/em
 ( human  p]ception1 is1 accord+ to my  
s5tim5t ( t pleasure1 ! same            
intellectual pr9ciple1 moral good1 h[ev]
 div]sifi$1 modifi$1  & dim9i%$1 ev5 to 
an unconsci\sness or almo/ imp]ceptible 
degree ( relation to x4 ,9 f9e1 ! true  
pr9ciples ( beauty1 9  e object1 may be 
all resolv$ into ! same pr9ciple4 ,b to 
conclude4    ,i h no m d\bt t !         
pr9ciples ( beauty are moral1 ?an  t !  
pr9ciples ( happ9ess are moral4 ,x is ! 
p]ception (  true beauty1 9 its v>i\s   
modifications1 t makes up ! sum  ( human
 happ9ess2 & h5ce ! div]sity ( op9ions  
conc]n+  beauty1 b :i*1 h[ev] div]se1   
are nev] contradictory1 b z  m5s op9ions
 9 morals are s2 = e view ( beauty      

assimilates  ) "s good1 & ( c\rse mu/ be
 9 unison4    ,if1 9 ! human sy/em1 !re 
exi/s a pr9ciple :i* con/itutes  true   
pleasure1 t pr9ciple mu/ be t :i*       
con/itutes human  excell5ce2 &1 if !    
visible object :i* excites true pleasure
  mu/ necess>ily possess ! pr9ciples (  
true pleasure1 !n mu/  e object1 :i*    
univ]sally & inv>iably pleases1 be      
relative to  ! pr9ciple t con/itutes    
human excell5ce1 morality4    ,:atev]   
appe>s1 to ea* individual1 ! mo/        
excell5t 9 ! human  sy/em1 at once      
con/itutes 8 idea ( happ9ess1 (         
morality1  & ( beauty2 & all mank9d1 ,i 
imag9e1 w\ld agree 9 ! same  idea1 _h   
all ! same opportunities ( see+ & kn[+  
:at 0  excell5t4    ,z ,i imag9e !      
diff]5ce 9 national beauty is m>k$ by ! 
diff]5ce 9 national morals1 s1 ( c\rse1 
mu/ ! diff]5ce (  ! op9ions (           
individuals on ! subject ( beauty be4 ,9
 f9e1  z ! moral s5se ( mank9d is co>se 
or ref9$1 s w be _!  ta/e ( beauty4     
,( ?is ,i am c]ta91 t true ref9em5t is !

 effect ( true  virtue2 t virtue is     
tru?1 & good2 & t beauty dwells 9  !m1 &
 !y 9 h]4          ,,*apt] ,,iii    ,on 
,,ta/e4      ,ta/e seems to be an inh]5t
 impulsive t5d5cy ( ! s\l t[>ds  true   
good1 giv5 by nature to all alike1 & :i*
 improves 9 its  s5tim5t z ! reason+    
faculties improve 9 _! k (  :at is true 
good4    ,all ! human faculties are1 z  
"o may say1 con/itu5ts ( !  pr9ciple or 
faculty ( ta/e4 ,b its p]ception seems  
to be %>$  betwe5 ! judgem5t & !        
imag9ation3 to ! =m] seems to  belong ! 
tru?1 or good1 ( an object ( ta/e2 to ! 
latt] its  beauty or grace2 & ! /am9a   
vit1 or radical pr9ciples ( ta/e1  exi/1
 ,i imag9e1 9 ! natural affections ( !  
s\l4    ,:at ! impulsive spr+ is1 :i*   
moves ! affections inv>iably to  p]ceive
 pleasure 9 ! p]ception ( good & beauty1
 & disgu/  9 ! p]ception ( evil or      
de=mity1 ,i leave to my metaphysical    
read]s to det]m9e4 ,i am afraid to give 
x an appellation s  incongru\s to !     
g5]al idea ( ta/e1 z t ( consci5ce4     

,yet1 h[ev] absurd x may appe>1 ,i w    
v5ture to say1 t1 if  my read]s w give  
!mselves ! tr\ble to analyse ! grateful 
s5sation or s5tim5t1 we call ta/e i4e4  
_! s5tim5t ( :at  is truly good1        
beautiful1 "r1 j1 ornam5tal1 hon\rable1 
c4  c4 !y w f9d x to orig9ate f1 & end  
91 "s moral or  religi\s pr9ciple4      
,inde$1 "s objects 7! highe/ 9 ! scale (
  our p]ceptions ( excell5ce7 br+ ) !m  
an imm$iate conviction  ( ! tru? ( ?is  
ass]tion2 witness ! devotional s5tim5t  
:i*  ! view ( ! ma9 ocean inspires2 !   
ris+ & sett+ sun2 !  contemplation ( !  
cele/ial orbs1 c4 witness ! noble/      
object  ( ! creation1 :5 view$ 9 8      
highe/ "*4 ,does n !  p]ception ( human 
excell5ce imm$iately relate to ! s\rce (
 all  excell5ce8    ,! g5]al diffusion (
 intellectual light1 ?r\gh\t mank9d1    
con/itutes rationality2 & ! aggregat$   
excell5ce1 or light (  rationality1     
con/itutes morality4 ,x is1 ,i imag9e1 9
 ?is second  or purifi$ light1 t ta/e   
beg9s to exi/4 ,x is at ?is p]iod (     

cultivation t ! m9d beg9s to p]ceive its
 true good2 t !  natural affections     
rectify1 me?odize1 & ref9e1 9 a ^w1     
become  moral affections1 ?r\gh ^:      
m$ium1 i4e4 ! moral s5se1 !  s\l        
p]ceives e object ( ta/e4    ,ta/e is   
intellectual pleasure1 an approv+ s5se (
 tru?1 ( good1  & ( beauty4 ,! latt]    
seems ! visible or o/5sible pr9ciple  ( 
! two =m]1 & is t 9 :i* ! univ]sal idea 
( ta/e is  compris$4 ,all are pleas$ ) !
 sight ( beauty2 b all are by  no means 
s5sible t ! pr9ciples t make x pleas+1 t
  con/itute a =m beautiful1 are ^?1 or1 
to be m intelligible1  relate to ^?1 t  
con/itute man's highe/ excell5ce1 8 fir/
  int]e/1 8 *ief good4 ,few1 inde$1 ev5 
among ^? :o possess  ta/e1 if !y h n    
accu/om$ !mselves to inve/igate its     
pr9ciples1 w readily conceive t !y are  
?us deeply root$  9 ! m5tal frame4      
,inde$1 ! g5]ality ( mank9d seem r to   
?9k t ta/e has no pr9ciples at all1 or1 
if any1 t !y beg9  & end ) ! prevail+   
mode1 fa%ion1 c4 ( ! times2 a notion    

:i*1 ?\gh 9 ! highe/ degree absurd1     
corroborates my op9ion1  t ! univ]sal   
p]ception ( ta/e 7! true & ! false7     
exi/s  9 ! idea ( hon\r4    ,! comp\nd  
^w1 or phrase1 le vrai idal1 univ]sally 
adopt$ to  d5ote an object ( ta/e1 is ! 
mo/ exact & lit]al def9ition (  its     
s5tim5t t c be conceiv$2 = x implies !  
union (  ! judgem5t & ! imag9ation1 )\t 
:i* !re c\ld be no  s5tim5t ( ta/e4 ,!  
judgem5t1 z ,i obs]v$1 p]ceives ! tru?  
( ! object1 ! imag9ation its beauty2 !y 
may be said to relate  to ea* o!r1 9 !  
p]ception ( an object ( ta/e1 z a lum9\s
  poli% does to ! sub/ance f :5ce x     
proce$s3 ! sub/ance  c exi/ )\t its     
poli%1 b ! poli% _c exi/ )\t its        
sub/ance4 ,! p]ception ( ta/e seems to  
me1 if ,i may s express  myself1 to be  
illusive1 b n errone\s2 9 a ^w1 to exi/ 
9 our  idea ( true hon\r1 i4e4 9 !      
poli%1 lu/re1 or ornam5t1 ( true        
virtue4    ,z ! univ]sal idea or s5tim5t
 ( ta/e is hon\r1 s !  univ]sal object (
 its p]ception is ornam5t1 f ! object1  

^:  excell5ce we contemplate z an       
ornam5t or hon\r to human nature1 to  e 
object :i* 9 ! slighte/ degree indicates
 ! influ5ce  ( t excell5ce4 ,take away !
 idea ( t influ5ce 9 ! moral  sph]e1 &  
ta/e is annihilat$2 &1 9 ! natural      
sph]e1 take  away ! idea ( div9e        
influ5ce1 & ta/e _c exi/4 ,e  s5tim5t ( 
ta/e1 z ,i obs]v$ be=e1 ultimately      
relates to !  "o or to ! o!r ( ^!       
pr9ciples2 inde$1 /rictly speak+1 z  !  
moral relates to ! div9e1 x may be said 
ultimately to d !  same4    ,9 !        
progress ( civilization1 ! poli%+       
pr9ciple1 :i* ,i call  ta/e1 is *iefly  
f\nd 9 ! highe/ sph]e ( life1 highe/ bo?
  = int]nal & ext]nal advantages1 weal? 
accel]ates ! la/  degree ( cultivation1 
by giv+ efficacy to ! pr9ciples ( true  
hon\r2 b x also accel]ates its          
corruption1 by giv+ efficacy  to !      
pr9ciples ( false hon\r1 by :i* ! true  
loses its  di/9ction1 becomes less &    
less app>5t1 nay1 by degrees1 less &    
less real4 ,weal? becom+ ! object (     

hon\r1 e pr9ciple (  true ta/e mu/ be   
rev]s$4 ,h5ce ! dire poli% ( ! obdurate 
he>t1 repell+ ! =ce ( nature4 ,h5ce     
av>ice & pr(usion1  dissipation1        
luxuri\s banquet+1 c4 sup]s$e ! love (  
oeconomy1  dome/ic com=t1 ! sweet       
reciprocation ( ! natural affections1   
c4 c4 ,h5ce ! greate/ evils ( society3 !
 sorr[s ( !  virtu\s poor1 ! spurns t   
pati5t m]it ( ! unwor?y takes1  9 a ^w1 
! g5]al corruption ( morals1 &1 ( c\rse1
 ( true  ta/e6    ,! vulg>1 :o are      
/rang]s to ! int]nal pr9ciples ( hon\r1 
always annex _! ideas ( ta/e to !       
ext]nal appe>ances ( !  highe/ rank (   
life1 :i* be+ easily acquir$1 p>ticul>ly
 t  ( dress1 ! preval5cy ( modes &      
fa%ions1 h[ev] absurd1  is univ]sally   
adopt$4 ,^? ( false ta/e adopt !m to    
attract  notice2 ^? ( true ta/e1 to     
avoid x4 ,b1 at ?is pres5t1 !           
difficulty ( avoid+ s+ul>ity 9 dress is1
 ,i imag9e1 mu* to be  lam5t$ by wom5 ( 
ta/e & virtue1 ! prevail+ mode ( fem99e 
attire be+ diametrically opposite to e  

pr9ciple ( fem99e  excell5ce2 a         
melan*oly pro( ( our be+ arriv$ at ! la/
 /age  ( depravity6    ,i c\ld expatiate
 l>gely on ?is subject1 b x w\ld be     
inconsi/5t ) my plan1 :i* ! read] may   
p]ceive1 ?r\gh\t  ! :ole "w1 to be a m]e
 outl9e only4    ,! ?ree gr& co-exi/+   
pr9ciples ( ta/e1 virtue1 hon\r1 &      
ornam5t1 run ?r\gh all its p]ceptions4  
,_! triple union _c  be brok52 b ta/e is
 nom9ally di/+ui%$ by ! "o or !  o!r1   
accord+ z its objects1 situations1      
circum/ances1 c4 v>y4  ,ornam5t & hon\r 
seem ! public "* ( ta/e2 virtue to be  !
 private & dome/ic1 :]e1 ?\gh unp]ceiv$ 
by ! vulg>1  to ! eye ( ta/e,a %e appe>s
 9 h] highe/ ornam5t1 highe/  hon\r4    
,footnote ,a3 ,tru? c only judge itself4
 ,,bacon4    ,ta/e seems to comprize    
?ree ord]s or degrees 9 its univ]sal    
compreh5sion4    ,! fir/ is compos$ ( ^?
 objects :i* imm$iately relate to !     
div9ity1 among :i* man claims !         
preem95ce1 :5 view$ 9 8  highe/ "*3     
witness ! inexpressible *>m :i* !       

natural  virtu\s affections ( ! s\l     
inspire1 :5 mov$ by "s /rong  impulse1  
su* z p>5tal t5d]ness1 filial piety1    
fri5d%ip1 c4  c4 c4 ,d !y n unite !     
moral s5tim5t to ! dv9e8    ,! second is
 9 ! imm$iate ext]nal effects ( true    
ta/e1 or  moral virtue1 9 ! social      
sph]e2 ! ord]1 beauty1 & hon\r1  :i* e  
object d]ives f its influ5ce2 &1 (      
c\rse1 its  s5tim5t mu/ be intimately   
relat$ to moral excell5ce4    ,! ?ird & 
la/ degree is g5]al ornam5t & hon\r1    
appe>+  9 fa%ions1 arts ( decoration1 c4
 c4 objects :i* seem+ n  imm$iately to  
affect ! int]e/s ( humanity1 ! ta/e !y  
exhibit 9 ?is sph]e appe>s z an unc]ta9 
light1 sometimes bright  & sometimes    
obscur$2 or r z refract$ rays ( ta/e1   
brok5  by ! g5]al love ( novelty &      
sup]fluity2 two pr9ciples :i*1  ?\gh !y 
are1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ess5tial to     
ext]ior ornam5t1  & ! s5tim5t ( true    
ta/e1 are ^? 9 :i* ta/e always  beg9s to
 corrupt4 ,to illu/rate my mean+3 true  
ornam5t seems  equally to p>take ( !    

idea ( utility & sup]fluity1 & e        
s5tim5t ( ta/e seems equally to p>take (
 ! idea ( novelty &  ( cu/om2 =1 7 !    
object p]fectly famili> to u1 we %\ld   
feel no degree ( admiration1 )\t :i* we 
c\ld feel no s5tim5t  ( ta/e2 &1 7 x    
totally new1 unlike any ?+ we _h ev]    
se51  x w\ld excite wond] in/ead (      
admiration1 :i* is a s5tim5t z  di/ant f
 ta/e z ! love ( fame is f ! love (     
hon\r4    ,?is sph]e1 ! la/ 9 my scale (
 ! p]ceptions ( ta/e1 &  :i* bord]s ^u e
 ?+ t is contr>y to its laws1 is        
prop]ly ! sph]e ( ,fancy1 :o seems an   
undiscipl9$ (fspr+ (  ,ta/e2 sometimes  
sport+ )9 ! b\nds ( p>5tal au?ority1 &  
sometimes beyond !m4 ,fancy seems to be>
 ! same aff9ity to ,ta/e  z ,pleasure   
does to ,happ9ess4    ,e object ( ta/e  
is relative to "s pr9ciple ( excell5ce  
f :i* x d]ives its p[] ( pleas+2 (      
c\rse1 ! highe/  s5tim5t ( ta/e mu/ exi/
 9 ! relative pr9ciple to our highe/    
object ( excell5ce4    ,true ornam5t is1
 to ! eye1 :at eloqu5ce is to ! e>3 _!  

pr9ciples ?r\gh\t are "o1 ! tru? or     
beauty ( :i* exi/s 9  its exact relation
 or adaptation to ! object x adorns1    
con/itut+  ! j1 ! true1 ! beautiful1    
objects1 or qualities1  :i*1 9 !        
consci\s eye ( ta/e1 relate to moral    
beauty4 ,!  p]ception ( ! fir/ relation1
 i4e4 ! adaptation ( any ?+  ornam5tal  
to ! object x adorns1 may1 9 a great    
measure1 be  le>n$ by habit & g5]al     
obs]vation2 b ! high] relation1  !      
second concoction 7z "o may say7 ( its  
pr9ciples1 ! moral  relation1 is !      
imm$iate op]ation ( ta/e4    ,ornam5t & 
h>moni\s s\nd are pleas+ to ! corporeal 
s5se1  b1 :5 want+ a relative object1   
please b = a %ort "t2 &1  if            
incongru\sly jo9$ to an object1 i4e4 to 
"o ) :i* x c  h no relation1 w1 z soon z
 ! und]/&+ p]ceives !  incongruity1     
become a pr9ciple ( disgu/4    ,z !     
virtues diff]1 9 "s degree1 z ! "* ( !  
sexes  diff]1,a ( c\rse s mu/ ! s5tim5t 
( ta/e diff]4 ,to !  man ,i w\ld give ! 
laws ( ta/e2 to ! woman1 its s5sibility4

 ,!  ta/e ( ! =m] seems m d]iv$ f       
reason2 t ( !  latt] f in/9ct3 witness  
_! impulsive mat]nal affection2 t       
inh]5t ornam5t ( _! sex1 mode/y2 _! t5d]
 susceptibility  ( ! b5evol5t virtues1  
pity1 compassion1 c4 c4    ,footnote ,a3
 ,vide page #bc4    ,ta/e1 h[ev]1 is z  
f> remov$ f m]e in/9ct z f m]e  reason4 
,i only mean to say1 t ! ta/e ( !       
mascul9e "*  is r on ! side ( reason1 or
 ! und]/&+2 t ( !  fem99e on ! side (   
in/9ct1 &1 let me add1 imag9ation4 ,!   
ta/e ( ! "o & ( ! o!r seems to diff] z  
ju/ice does f  m]cy1 z mode/y f virtue1 
z grace f sublimity1 c4 c4 ,&1  z       
ext]ior fem99e grace is ! mo/ p]fect    
visible object (  ta/e1 ! highe/ degree 
( fem99e excell5ce1 ext]nally &         
int]nally unit$1 mu/ ( c\rse con/itute  
woman1 ! mo/ p]fect  exi/+ object ( ta/e
 9 ! creation4    ,! cultivation ( !    
social moral affections is ! cultivation
  ( ta/e1 & ! dome/ic sph]e is ! true & 
almo/ only "o  9 :i* x c appe> 9 its    
highe/ dignity4 ,x is peculi>ly         

appropriat$ to fem99e ta/e1 & ,i may say
 x is absolutely  ! only "o 9 :i* x c   
appe> 9 its true lu/re4 ,true ta/e1     
p>ticul>ly ! fem99e1 is retir$1 calm1   
mode/2 x is ! private  hon\r ( ! he>t1 &
 is1 ,i imag9e1 incompatible ) ! love ( 
fame4    ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( society1    
ta/e seems to be equally exclud$  f !   
highe/ & f ! l[e/ sph]e ( life4 ,! "o   
seems  to be too mu* encumb]$ )         
artificial imag9>y necessities2 !  o!r  
too mu* encumb]$ ) ! real & natural     
necessities (  life1 to att5d to its    
cultivation4 ,x is 9 ! =m] t ta/e is    
univ]sally ?\ght to reside1 :i* is      
because ! idea ( ta/e  is insep>able f t
 ( hon\r4 ,x is t1 inde$1 9 :i* !  g5]al
 ta/e ( ! nation is exhibit$4 ,x is its 
face1 z ,i may  say1 :i* expresses !    
int]nal "* ( ! he>t4    ,9 ?is sph]e1   
namely1 ! mo/ exalt$ /ation ( mank9d1   
:at true  ta/e x does exhibit is plac$ 9
 ! /ronge/ po9t ( view2 its  contr>y    
pr9ciples are also ! same1 p>ticul>ly s 
to ^? :o  h be5 rightly educat$ at a    

di/ance f x2 to su*1 ! wrong  w in/ruct 
z mu* z ! "r2 b sure ,i am1 t x is n1   
at ?is p]iod1 ! prop] sph]e = ! infant  
m9d to exp& &  improve 94 ,! wrong w be 
too famili> to ! m9d to disgu/2  & ! "r1
 :i* ,i imag9e is *iefly conf9$ to !    
records  ( ta/e 9 ! f9e arts1 w be too  
remote 7want+ ! prep>atory  love (      
nature & virtue7 to please4    ,x is n1 
,i imag9e1 f objects ( excell5ce 9 !    
arts1 t  ! m9d receives ! fir/          
impressions ( ta/e1 ?\gh f !m  !        
impressions1 we h already receiv$1 may  
be /r5g!n$ &  improv$4 ,! tru?s !y      
exhibit awak5 ! recollection ( :at  has 
pleas$ u 9 nature2 & we exult 9 !       
confirmation ( our  judgem5t & ta/e on  
f9d+ ^? objects repres5t$1 by g5ius1  9 
_! be/ & faire/ light4 ,( c\rse1 !      
excell5ce we p]ceive  9 ! f9e arts1 :i* 
is always relative to moral excell5ce1  
mu/  t5d to ! improvem5t ( ta/e4,a      
,footnote ,a3 ,l'esprit de l'homme e/   
naturellem5t ple9 d'un nombre  inf9i    
d'ides confuses du vrai1 que s\v5t il   

n'entrevoit qu' demi2  et ri5 ne lui e/ 
plus agrable1 que lorsqu'on lui (fre    
quelqu'une  de ces ides bi5 claircie et 
mise dans un beau j\r4 ,,boileau1       
,prface4    ,b1 ?\gh ! arts are ?us     
b5eficial to ! gr[+ pr9ciples  ( ta/e1  
reflect+ a few individuals1 x is well   
kn[n t _!  e/abli%m5t 9 e nation has _h 
a contr>y effect on !  community 9      
g5]al2 =1 9 proportion to ! enc\ragem5t 
giv5  !m1 z t enc\ragem5t imm$iately    
promotes two ( ! mo/  p]nici\s pr9ciples
 t c affect ! human he>t1 ! mo/         
de/ructive ( moral virtue1 namely1 !    
love ( fame & ! love (  ri*es1 ! g5]al  
diffusion ( corruption mu/ ensue1 & (   
c\rse  ! ext9ction ( ! natural pr9ciples
 ( ta/e1 or reli% ( !  human s\l ( :at  
is truly beautiful1 truly hon\rable1    
truly good4    ,to conclude4 ,i w n     
presume to say1 t a man )\t ta/e is  )\t
 virtue2 b ,i ?9k ,i may v5ture to say1 
t x is only  z he c h virtue )\t lov+   
virtue1 t he c h virtue  )\t hav+ ta/e2 
! def9ition ( ta/e be+1 accord+ to my   

appreh5sion ( its p]ception1 ! love (   
virtue4 ,&1 z t  love spr+s f1 & t5ds   
to1 ! s\rce ( all virtue1 all good1  may
 ,i n add1 t x is b z a man c be        
religi\s )\t  devotion1 t a man c be    
religi\s )\t ta/e8 ! s5tim5t  ( devotion
 seem+ to be1 an aggregation ( our mo/  
virtu\s1 mo/  ref9$1 consci\s1 en]gies (
 s\l1 9 ! awful v]tical po9t (          
sublimity4      ',f !e1 great ,god1 we  
spr+1 to !e we t5d1    ,pa?1 motive1    
guide1 orig9al1 & end6'                 
,,johnson4          ,,! ,,end4          
,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y3
 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia  ,,! ,,augu/an  
,,repr9t ,,society    ,g5]al ,editors   
,h4 ,,ri*>d ,,ar*]1 ,cl>k ,memorial     
,libr>y  ,r4,c4 ,,boys1 ,univ]sity (    
,mi*igan  ,e4,n4 ,,hook]1 ,univ]sity (  
,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles  ,,john        
,,l(tis1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los   
,angeles    ,! society exi/s to make    
available inexp5sive repr9ts 7usually   
facsimile reproductions7 ( r>e sev5te5? 
& eighte5? c5tury  works4    ,!         

editorial policy ( ! ,society cont9ues  
un*ang$4 ,z 9 ! pa/1  ! editors welcome 
sugge/ions conc]n+ publications4    ,all
 correspond5ce conc]n+ subscriptions 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates &  ,canada %\ld be       
address$ to ! ,william ,&rews ,cl>k     
,memorial  ,libr>y1 #bbje ,we/ ,adams   
,blvd41 ,los ,angeles #ah1 ,cali=nia4   
,correspond5ce conc]n+ editoral matt]s  
may be address$ to any (  ! g5]al       
editors4 ,memb]%ip fee cont9ues #b4ej p]
 ye>4 ,briti%  & ,european subscrib]s   
%\ld address ,b4,h4 ,blackwell1 ,broad  
,/reet1  ,ox=d1 ,engl&4                 
,publications = ! fif? ye> #aiej-aiea   
7,at lea/ six items1 mo/ ( !m f ! foll[+
 li/1 w be  repr9t$47    ,,frances      
,,reynolds 7873 ,an ,enquiry ,conc]n+ ! 
,pr9ciples ( ,ta/e1  & ( ! ,orig9 ( ,our
 ,ideas ( ,beauty1 c4 7#aghe74          
,introduction by  ,james ,l4 ,clif=d4   
,,?omas ,,bak]3 ,! ,f9e ,lady's ,airs   
7#agji74 ,introduction by ,john         
,h>r+ton ,smi?4    ,,daniel ,,defoe3    
,v9dication ( ! ,press 7#agah74         

,introduction by ,or?o  ,cl9ton         
,williams4    ,,john ,,evelyn3 ,an      
,apologie = ! ,royal ,p>ty 7#afei72 ,a  
,panegyric to  ,*>les ! ,second 7#affa74
 ,introduction by ,ge(f]y ,keynes4      
,,*>les ,,mackl93 ,man ( ! ,_w 7#agha74 
,introduction by ,d\gald  ,mac,millan4  
,prefaces to ,fiction4 ,select$ & ) an  
,introduction by ,b5jam9  ,boyce4       
,,?omas ,,sprat3 ,poems4    ,,sir       
,,william ,,petty3 ,! ,advice ( ,w4,p4  
to ,mr4 ,samuel ,h>tlib = !  ,advancem5t
 ( "s p>ticul> ,p>ts ( ,le>n+ 7#afdh74  
,,?omas ,,gray3 ,an ,elegy ,wrote 9 a   
,c\ntry ,*ur* ,y>d 7#agea74  7,facsimile
 ( fir/ edition & ( portions ( ,gray's  
manuscripts (  ! poem74           99    
99       99       99       99      ,to !
 ,augu/an ,repr9t ,society              
,subscrib]'s ,"n & ,address3    ,william
 ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y    #bbje
 ,we/ ,adams ,b\lev>d    ,los ,angeles  
#ah1 ,cali=nia      ,z ,,memb]%ip ,,fee 
,i enclose = ! ye>s m>k$3    ,! curr5t  
ye>                          #b4ej    ,!

 curr5t  ! #d? ye>                 #e4jj
    ,! curr5t1 #crd1  #d? ye>           
#g4ej    ,! curr5t1 #bnd1 #crd1  #d? ye>
         #aj4jj    ,! curr5t1 #a/1 #bnd1
 #crd1  #d? ye>    #aa4ej               
7,publications no4 #c  #d are out (     
pr9t7    ,make *eck or money ord]       
payable to ,,! ,,reg5ts ,,( ,,!         
,,univ]sity  ,,( ,,cali=nia4    ,,note3 
,all income ( ! ,society is devot$ to   
defray+ co/ (  pr9t+ & mail+4           
,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y 
,,publications ,,( ,,! ,,augu/an        
,,repr9t ,,society      ,fir/ ,ye>      
7#aidf-aidg7    #a4 ,ri*>d ,blackmore's 
,essay ^u ,wit 7#agaf71 & ,addison's    
,freehold] ,no4 #de 7#agaf74    #b4     
,samuel ,cobb's ,( ,poetry & ,disc\rse  
on ,criticism 7#agjg74    #c4 ,lett] to 
,a4,h4 ,esq42 conc]n+ ! ,/age 7#afih71 &
 ,ri*>d  ,willis' ,occasional ,pap] ,no4
 ,,ix 7#afih74 7,,out ,,( ,,pr9t7    #d4
 ,essay on ,wit 7#agdh71 toge!r )       
,*>act]s by ,flecknoe1 &  ,joseph       
,w>ton's ,adv5tur] ,nos4 #abg & #acc4   

7,,out ,,( ,,pr9t7    #e4 ,samuel       
,wesley's ,epi/le to a ,fri5d ,conc]n+  
,poetry 7#agjj7 &  ,essay on ,h]oic     
,poetry 7#afic74    #f4 ,repres5tation (
 ! ,impiety & ,immorality ( !           
,/age7#agjd7  & ,"s ,?\ghts ,conc]n+ !  
,/age 7#agjd74      ,second ,ye>        
7#aidg-aidh7    #g4 ,john ,gay's ,!     
,pres5t ,/ate ( ,wit 7#agaa72 & a       
section on ,wit  f ,! ,engli% ,!ophra/us
 7#agjb74    #h4 ,rap9's ,de ,c>m9e     
,pa/orali1 translat$ by ,cree* 7#afhd74 
#i4 ,t4 ,hanm]'s 787 ,"s ,rem>ks on !   
,trag$y ( ,hamlet 7#agcf74    #aj4      
,corbyn ,morris ,essay t[>ds ,fix+ !    
,true ,/&>ds ( ,wit1  etc4 7#agdd74     
#aa4 ,?omas ,purney's ,disc\rse on !    
,pa/oral 7#agag74    #ab4 ,essays on !  
,/age1 select$1 ) an ,introduction by   
,joseph ,wood  ,krut*4      ,?ird ,ye>  
7#aidh-aidi7    #ac4 ,sir ,john ,fal/aff
 7pseud471 ,! ,!atre 7#agbj74    #ad4   
,edw>d ,moore's ,! ,game/] 7#agec74     
#ae4 ,john ,oldmixon's ,reflections on  
,dr4 ,swift's ,lett] to ,h>ley  7#agab72

 & ,ar?ur ,ma9w>+'s ,! ,briti% ,academy 
7#agab74    #af4 ,nevil ,payne's ,fatal 
,jeal\sy 7#afgc74    #ag4 ,ni*olas      
,r[e's ,"s ,acc\nt ( ! ,life ( ,mr4     
,william  ,%akespe> 7#agji74    #ah4    
,a>on ,hill's ,preface to ,! ,creation2 
& ,?omas ,br]eton's  ,preface to ,e/h]4 
,f\r? ,ye> 7#aidi-aiej7    #ai4 ,susanna
 ,c5tlivre's ,! ,busie ,body 7#agji74   
#bj4 ,lewis ,!obald's ,preface to ,!    
,works ( ,%akespe>e 7#agcd74    #ba4    
,critical ,rem>ks on ,sir ,*>les        
,gradison1 ,cl>issa1 & ,pamela  7#aged74
    #bb4 ,samuel ,johnson's ,! ,vanity (
 ,human ,wi%es 7#agdi7 & ,two  ,rambl]  
pap]s 7#agej74    #bc4 ,john ,dryd5's ,8
 ,maje/ies ,decl>ation ,def5d$ 7#afha74 
#bd4 ,pi]re ,nicole's ,an ,essay on     
,true & ,app>5t ,beauty 9 ,:i*  f       
,settl$ ,pr9ciples is ,r5d]$ ! ,gr\nds =
 ,*oos+ &  ,reject+ ,epigrams1 translat$
 by ,j4,v4 ,cunn+ham4