,a ,,new ,,philosophy3 ,,h5ri ,,b]gson by ,ed\>d le ,roy ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,v9c5t ,b5son ,preface ,?is little book is due to two articles publi%$ "u ! same title 9 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 #a/ & #ae? ,febru>y #aiab4 ,_! object 0 to pres5t ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy to ! public at l>ge1 giv+ z %ort a sket* z possible1 & describ+1 )\t too m9ute details1 ! g5]al tr5d ( 8 movem5t4 ,^! articles ,i h "h repr9t$ intact4 ,b ,i h add$1 9 ! =m ( cont9u\s notes1 "s additional explanations on po9ts :i* did n come )9 ! scope ( inve/igation 9 ! orig9al sket*4 ,i ne$ h>dly add t my "w1 ?\gh ?us f> complete1 does n 9 any way claim to be a pr(\nd critical /udy4 ,inde$1 su* a /udy1 deal+ ) a ?9k] :o has n yet said 8 la/ ^w1 w\ld today be premature4 ,i h simply aim$ at writ+ an introduction :i* w make x easi] to read & und]/& ,mr ,b]gson's works1 & s]ve z a prelim9>y guide to ^? :o desire initiation 9 ! new philosophy4 ,i h !re=e firmly waiv$ all ! p>aph]nalia ( te*nical discussions1 & h made no comp>isons1 le>n$ or o!rwise1 betwe5 ,mr ,b]gson's tea*+ & t ( old] philosophies4 ,i c conceive no bett] me?od ( misund]/&+ ! po9t at issue1 ,i mean ! simple unity ( productive intuition1 ?an t ( pigeon-hol+ names ( sy/ems1 collect+ in/ances ( resemblance1 mak+ up analogies1 & specify+ +r$i5ts4 ,an orig9al philosophy is n meant to be /udi$ z a mosaic :i* takes to pieces1 a comp\nd :i* analyses1 or a body :i* dissects4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is by consid]+ x z a liv+ act1 n z a r clev] disc\rse1 by exam9+ ! peculi> excell5ce ( its s\l r ?an ! =mation ( its body1 t ! inquir] w succe$ 9 und]/&+ x4 ,prop]ly speak+1 ,i h only appli$ to ,mr ,b]gson ! me?od :i* he himself ju/ifiably prescribes 9 a rec5t article 7,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,novemb] #aiaa71 ! only me?od1 9 fact1 :i* is 9 all s5ses ( ! ^w fully exact4 ,i %all none ! less be glad if ^! brief pages c be ( any int]e/ to pr(essional philosoph]s1 & h endeav\r$1 z f> z possible1 to all[ !m to trace1 "u ! concise =mulae employ$1 ! s*eme :i* ,i h refus$ to develop4 ,x has become evid5t to me t ev5 today ! int]pretation ( ,mr ,b]gson's position is 9 _m cases full ( faults1 :i* x w\ld und\bt$ly be wor? :ile to assi/ 9 remov+4 ,i may or may n h succe$$ 9 my attempt1 b su*1 at any rate1 is ! precise end ,i _h 9 view4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i may say t ,i h n _h ! hon\r ( be+ ,mr ,b]gson's pupil2 &1 at ! "t :5 ,i became acqua9t$ ) 8 outlook1 my own direct reflection on sci5ce & life _h already produc$ 9 me simil> tra9s ( ?\ght4 ,i f\nd 9 8 "w ! /rik+ realisation ( a pres5tim5t & a desire4 ,?is correspond5ce1 :i* ,i h n exagg]at$1 prov$ at once a help & a h9drance to me 9 ent]+ into ! exact compreh5sion ( s pr(\ndly orig9al a doctr9e4 ,! read] w ?us und]/& t ,i ?9k x 9 place to quote my au?ority to him 9 ! foll[+ l9es :i* ,mr ,b]gson k9dly wrote me aft] ! publication ( ! articles reproduc$ 9 ?is volume3 ,und]nea? & beyond ! me?od y h caught ! int5tion & ! _s444,y\r /udy c\ld n be m consci5ti\s or true to ! orig9al4 ,z x advances1 cond5sation increases 9 a m>k$ degree3 ! read] becomes aw>e t ! explanation is und]go+ a progressive involution simil> to ! involution by :i* we det]m9e ! reality ( ,"t4 ,to produce ?is feel+1 mu* m has be5 necess>y ?an a close /udy ( my works3 x has requir$ deep sympa?y ( ?\ght1 ! p[]1 9 fact1 ( re?9k+ ! subject 9 a p]sonal & orig9al mann]4 ,n[h]e is ?is sympa?y m 9 evid5ce ?an 9 y\r conclud+ pages1 :]e 9 a few words y po9t out ! possibilities ( fur!r developm5ts ( ! doctr9e4 ,9 ?is direction ,i %\ld myself say exactly :at y h said4 ,p>is1 #bh? ,m>* #aiab4 ,,cont5ts ,preface ,,g5]al ,,view ,i4 ,me?od4 ,scope ( ,h5ri ,b]gson's ,philosophy4 ,mat]ial & ,au?orities4 ,inve/igation ( ,common-s5se4 ,value ( ,sci5ce4 ,p]ception ,discuss$4 ,practical ,life & ,reality4 ,concepts & ,symbolism4 ,intuition & ,analysis4 ,use ( ,metaphor4 ,! ,philosoph]'s ,task4 ,,ii4 ,tea*+4 ,! ,ego4 ,space & ,numb]4 ,p>allelism4 ,h5ri ,b]gson's ,view ( ,m9d & ,matt]4 ,qualitative ,cont9uity4 ,memory4 ,real ,duration ,het]og5e\s4 ,lib]ty & ,det]m9ism4 ,mean+ ( ,reality4 ,evolution & ,automatism4 ,triumph ( ,man4 ,! ,vital ,impulse4 ,objections ,refut$4 ,place ( ,religion 9 ! ,new ,philosophy4 ,,additional ,,explanations ,i4 ,h5ri ,b]gson's ,"w & ! ,g5]al ,directions ( ,contempor>y ,?\ght4 ,ma!matics & ,philosophy4 ,! ,in]t & ! ,liv+4 ,realism & ,positivism4 ,h5ri ,b]gson & ! ,intuition ( ,duration4 ,,ii4 ,imm$iacy4 ,necessity ( ,criticism4 ,utilit>ianism ( ,common-s5se4 ,p]ception ( ,imm$iacy4 ,,iii4 ,!ory ( ,p]ception4 ,pure & ,ord9>y ,p]ception4 ,kant's ,position4 ,relation ( ,p]ception to ,matt]4 ,complete ,exp]i5ce4 ,,iv4 ,critique ( ,language4 ,dynamic ,s*emes4 ,dang]s ( ,language4 ,! ,eleatic ,dialectic4 ,sci5tific ,?\ght & ! ,task ( ,intuition4 ,discussion ( ,*ange4 ,v4 ,! ,problem ( ,consci\sness3 ,duration & ,lib]ty4 ,/ates z ,phases 9 ,duration4 ,! ,sci5tific ,view ( ,"t4 ,duration & ,fre$om4 ,lib]ty & ,det]m9ism 9 ! ,light ( ,h5ri ,b]gson's ,philosophy4 ,,vi4 ,! ,problem ( ,evolution3 ,life & ,matt]4 ,evolution & ,creation4 ,laws ( ,cons]vation & ,degradation4 ,quantity & ,quality4 ,second>y ,value ( ,matt]4 ,,vii4 ,! ,problem ( ,k3 ,analysis & ,intuition4 ,difficulties ( ,kant's ,position4 ,insuffici5cy ( ,intellig5ce4 ,h5ri ,b]gson & ! ,problem ( ,reason4 ,geometric & ,vital ,types ( ,ord]4 ,,viii4 ,conclusion4 ,moral & ,religi\s ,problems4 ,h5ri ,b]gson's ,position4 ,a ,,new ,,philosophy ,,g5]al ,,view ,i4 ,me?od4 ,!re is a ?9k] ^: "n is today on ev]ybody's lips1 :o is deem$ by ackn[l$g$ philosoph]s wor?y ( comp>ison ) ! greate/1 & :o1 ) 8 p5 z well z 8 bra91 has ov]leapt all te*nical ob/acles1 & won himself a read+ bo? outside & inside ! s*ools4 ,beyond any d\bt1 & by common cons5t1 ,mr ,h5ri ,b]gson's "w w appe> to future eyes among ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 f]tile1 & glori\s ( our era4 ,x m>ks a nev]-to-be-=gott5 date 9 hi/ory2 x op5s up a phase ( metaphysical ?\ght2 x lays d[n a pr9ciple ( developm5t ! limits ( :i* are indet]m9able2 & x is aft] cool consid]ation1 ) full consci\sness ( ! exact value ( words1 t we are able to pron\nce ! revolution :i* x effects equal 9 importance to t effect$ by ,kant1 or ev5 by ,socrates4 ,ev]ybody1 inde$1 has become aw>e ( ?is m or less cle>ly4 ,else h[ are we to expla91 except ?r\gh su* recognition1 ! sudd5 /rik+ spread ( ?is new philosophy :i*1 by its le>n$ rigorism1 preclud$ ! likelihood ( s rapid a triumph8 ,tw5ty ye>s h suffic$ to make its results felt f> beyond traditional limits3 & n[ its influ5ce is alive & work+ f "o pole ( ?\ght to ! o!r2 & ! active leav5 conta9$ 9 x c be se5 already ext5d+ to ! mo/ v>i$ & di/ant sph]es3 9 social & political sph]es1 :]e f opposite po9ts1 & n )\t c]ta9 abuses1 an attempt is already be+ made to wr5* x 9 contr>y directions2 9 ! sph]e ( religi\s speculation1 :]e x has be5 m legitimately summon$ to a di/+ui%$1 illum9ative1 & b5efic5t c>e]2 9 ! sph]e ( pure sci5ce1 :]e1 despite old sep>ati/ prejudices1 ! ideas s[n are pu%+ up "h & !re2 & la/ly1 9 ! sph]e ( art1 :]e !re are indications t x is likely to help c]ta9 pres5tim5ts1 :i* h till n[ rema9$ obscure1 to become consci\s ( !mselves4 ,! mom5t is fav\rable to a /udy ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy2 b 9 ! face ( s _m attempt$ me?ods ( employm5t1 "s ( !m a trifle premature1 ! po9t ( p>am\nt importance1 apply+ ,mr ,b]gson's own me?od to himself1 is to /udy 8 philosophy 9 itself1 = itself1 9 its pr(\nd tr5d & its au!nticat$ action1 )\t claim+ to enli/ x 9 ! ranks ( any cause :atsoev]4 ,i4 ,mr ,b]gson's read]s w und]go at almo/ e page !y read an int5se & s+ul> exp]i5ce4 ,! curta9 drawn betwe5 ourselves & reality1 envelop+ ev]y?+ includ+ ourselves 9 its illusive folds1 seems ( a sudd5 to fall1 dissipat$ by en*antm5t1 & display to ! m9d dep?s ( light till !n undreamt1 9 :i* reality itself1 contemplat$ face to face = ! fir/ "t1 /&s fully reveal$4 ,! revelation is ov]p[]+1 & once v\*saf$ w nev] aft]w>ds be =gott54 ,no?+ c convey to ! read] ! effects ( ?is direct & intimate m5tal vision4 ,ev]y?+ :i* he ?\ght he knew already f9ds new bir? & vig\r 9 ! cle> light ( morn+3 on all h&s1 9 ! gl[ ( dawn1 new intuitions spr+ up & op5 out2 we feel !m big ) inf9ite consequ5ces1 heavy & saturat$ ) life4 ,ea* ( !m is no soon] bl[n ?an x appe>s f]tile = ev]4 ,& yet !re is no?+ p>adoxical or di/urb+ 9 ! novelty4 ,x is a reply to our expectation1 an answ] to "s dim hope4 ,s vivid is ! impression ( tru?1 t aft]w>ds we are ev5 ready to believe we recognise ! revelation z if we _h always d>kly anticipat$ x 9 "s my/]i\s twilight at ! back ( consci\sness4 ,aft]w>ds1 no d\bt1 9 c]ta9 cases1 inc]titude reappe>s1 sometimes ev5 decid$ objections4 ,! read]1 :o at fir/ 0 "u a magic spell1 corrects 8 ?\ght1 or at lea/ hesitates4 ,:at he has se5 is /ill at bottom s new1 s unexpect$1 s f> remov$ f famili> conceptions4 ,= ?is surg+ wave ( ?\ght our m9d conta9s none ( ^? ready-cut *annels :i* r5d] compreh5sion easy4 ,b :e!r1 9 ! long run1 we ea* ( u give or refuse complete or p>tial adhesion1 all ( u1 at lea/1 h receiv$ a reg5]at+ %ock1 an int]nal upheaval n readily sil5c$3 ! network ( our intellectual habits is brok52 h5ce=? a new leav5 works & f]m5ts 9 u2 we %all no long] ?9k z we us$ to ?9k2 & be we pupils or critics1 we _c mi/ake ! fact t we h "h a pr9ciple ( integral r5ewal = anci5t philosophy & its old & timeworn problems4 ,x is obvi\sly impossible to sket* 9 brief all ! aspects & all ! weal? ( s orig9al a "w4 ,/ill less %all ,i be able to answ] "h ! _m que/ions :i* arise4 ,i mu/ decide to pass rapidly ov] ! te*nical detail ( cle>1 closely-argu$1 & p5etrat+ discussions2 ov] ! scope & exactness ( ! evid5ce borr[$ f ! mo/ div]se positive sci5ces2 ov] ! m>vell\s dext]ity ( ! psy*ological analysis2 ov] ! magic ( a /yle :i* c call up :at words _c express4 ,! solidity ( ! con/ruction w n be evid5c$ 9 ^! pages1 nor its au/]e & subtle beauty4 ,b :at ,i d at all co/s wi% to br+ out1 9 %ort] =m1 9 ?is new philosophy1 is its direct+ idea & g5]al movem5t4 ,9 su* an und]tak+1 :]e ! end is to und]/& r ?an to judge1 criticism ought to take second place4 ,x is m pr(itable to attempt to feel oneself into ! he>t ( ! tea*+1 to relive its g5esis1 to p]ceive ! pr9ciple ( organic unity1 to come at ! ma9spr+4 ,let our read+ be a c\rse ( m$itation :i* we live4 ,! only true homage we c r5d] to ! ma/]s ( ?\ght consi/s 9 ourselves ?9k+1 z f> z we c d s1 9 _! tra91 "u _! inspiration1 & along ! pa?s :i* !y h op5$ up4 ,9 ! case be=e u ?is road is l&m>k$ by sev]al books :i* x w be suffici5t to /udy "o aft] ! o!r1 & take successively z ! text ( our reflections4 ,9 #ahhi ,mr ,b]gson made 8 appe>ance ) an ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data ( ,consci\sness4 ,?is 0 8 doctor's !sis4 ,tak+ up 8 position inside ! human p]sonality1 9 its inmo/ m9d1 he endeav\r$ to lay hold ( ! dep?s ( life & free action 9 _! commonly ov]look$ & fugitive orig9ality4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 9 #ahif1 pass+ ?is "t to ! ext]nals ( consci\sness1 ! contact surface betwe5 ?+s & ! ego1 he publi%$ ,matt] & ,memory1 a ma/]ly /udy ( p]ception & recollection1 :i* he himself put =w>d z an inquiry into ! relation betwe5 body & m9d4 ,9 #aijg he foll[$ ) ,creative ,evolution1 9 :i* ! new metaphysic 0 outl9$ 9 its full bread?1 & develop$ ) a weal? ( sugge/ion & p]spective op5+ ^u ! di/ances ( inf9ity2 univ]sal evolution1 ! mean+ ( life1 ! nature ( m9d & matt]1 ( intellig5ce & in/9ct1 7 ! great problems "h treat$1 end+ 9 a g5]al critique ( k & a completely orig9al def9ition ( philosophy4 ,^! w be our guides :i* we %all c>efully foll[1 /ep by /ep4 ,x is n1 ,i mu/ confess1 )\t "s appreh5sion t ,i und]take ! task ( summ+ up s mu* rese>*1 & ( cond5s+ into a few pages s _m & su* new conclusions4 ,mr ,b]gson excels1 ev5 on po9ts ( lea/ significance1 9 produc+ ! feel+ ( unfa?om$ dep?s & inf9ite levels4 ,nev] has anyone bett] und]/ood h[ to fulfil ! philosoph]'s fir/ task1 9 po9t+ out ! hidd5 my/]y 9 ev]y?+4 ,) him we see all at once ! concrete ?ickness & inexhau/ible ext5sion ( ! mo/ famili> reality1 :i* has always be5 be=e our eyes1 :]e be=e we 7 aw>e only ( ! ext]nal film4 ,d n imag9e t ?is is simply a poetical delusion4 ,we mu/ be grateful if ! philosoph] uses exquisite language & writes 9 a /yle :i* ab\nds 9 liv+ images4 ,^! are r>e qualities4 ,b let u avoid be+ dup$ by a %[ ( pr9t$ matt]3 ^! unannotat$ pages are support$ by positive sci5ce submitt$ to ! mo/ m9ute inspection4 ,"o day1 9 #aija1 at ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 ,mr ,b]gson relat$ ! g5esis ( ,matt] & ,memory4 ,twelve ye>s or s be=e its appe>ance1 ,i _h set myself ! foll[+ problem3 ',:at w\ld be ! tea*+ ( ! physiology & pa?ology ( today ^u ! anci5t "q ( ! connection betwe5 physical & moral to an unprejudic$ m9d1 det]m9$ to =get all speculation 9 :i* x has indulg$ on ?is po9t1 det]m9$ also to neglect1 9 ! enunciations ( philosoph]s1 all t is n pure & simple /atem5t ( fact8' ,i set myself to solve ! problem1 & ,i v soon p]ceiv$ t ! "q 0 susceptible ( a provisional solution1 & ev5 ( precise =mulation1 only if re/rict$ to ! problem ( memory4 ,9 memory itself ,i 0 =c$ to det]m9e b\nds :i* ,i _h aft]w>ds to n>r[ consid]ably4 ,aft] conf9+ myself to ! recollection ( words ,i saw t ! problem1 z /at$1 0 /ill too broad1 & t1 to put ! "q 9 its mo/ precise & int]e/+ =m1 ,i %\ld h to sub/itute ! recollection ( ! s\nd ( words4 ,! lit]ature on aphasia is enorm\s4 ,i took five ye>s to sift x4 ,& ,i arriv$ at ?is conclusion1 t betwe5 ! psy*ological fact & its correspond+ basis 9 ! bra9 !re mu/ be a relation :i* answ]s to none ( ! ready-made concepts furni%$ u by philosophy4 ,c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( ,mr ,b]gson's mann] w be rem>k$ ?r\gh\t3 8 provisional ef=t ( =getfulness to recreate a new & untrammell$ m9d2 8 mixture ( positive inquiry & bold inv5tion2 8 /up5d\s read+2 8 va/ pione] "w c>ri$ on ) indefatigable pati5ce2 8 con/ant correction by criticism1 in=m$ ( ! m9ute/ details & swift to foll[ up ea* ( !m at e turn4 ,) a problem :i* w\ld at fir/ h seem$ second>y & incomplete1 b :i* reappe>s z ! subject deep5s & is !reby metamorphos$1 he connects 8 entire philosophy2 & s well does he bl5d ! :ole & brea! ^u x ! brea? ( life t ! f9al /atem5t leaves ! read] ) an impression ( sov]eign ease4 ,examples w be necess>y to enable u1 ev5 to a feeble ext5t1 to und]/& ?is proce$+ bett]4 ,b be=e we come to examples1 a prelim9>y "q requires exam9ation4 ,9 ! preface to 8 fir/ ,essay ,mr ,b]gson def9$ ! pr9ciple ( a me?od :i* 0 aft]w>ds to reappe> 9 its id5tity ?r\gh\t 8 v>i\s works2 & we mu/ recall ! t]ms he employ$4 ,we are =c$ to express ourselves 9 words1 & we ?9k1 mo/ (t51 9 space4 ,to put x ano!r way1 language compels u to e/abli% betwe5 our ideas ! same cle> & precise di/9ctions1 & ! same break 9 cont9uity1 z betwe5 mat]ial objects4 ,?is assimilation is useful 9 practical life & necess>y 9 mo/ sci5ces4 ,b we are "r 9 ask+ :e!r ! insup]able difficulties ( c]ta9 philosophical problems d n arise f ! fact t we p]si/ 9 plac+ non-spatial ph5om5a next "o ano!r 9 space1 & :e!r1 if we did away ) ! vulg> illu/rations r\nd :i* we dispute1 we %\ld n sometimes put an end to ! dispute4 ,t is to say1 x is /at$ to be ! philosoph]'s duty f ! outset to r5\nce ! usual =ms ( analytic & syn!tic ?\ght1 & to a*ieve a direct intuitional ef=t :i* %all put him 9 imm$iate contact ) reality4 ,)\t d\bt x is ?is "q ( me?od :i* dem&s our fir/ att5tion4 ,x is ! lead+ "q4 ,mr ,b]gson himself pres5ts 8 works z essays :i* d n aim at solv+ ! greate/ problems all at once1 b seek m]ely to def9e ! me?od & disclose ! possibility ( apply+ x on "s ess5tial po9ts4 7,preface to ,creative ,evolution47 ,x is also a delicate "q1 = x dom9ates all ! re/1 & decides :e!r we %all fully und]/& :at is to foll[4 ,we mu/ !re=e pause "h a mom5t4 ,to direct u 9 ?is prelim9>y /udy we h an admirable ,introduction to ,metaphysis1 :i* appe>$ z an article 9 ! ,metaphysical & ,moral ,review 7,janu>y #aijc73 a %ort b m>vell\sly sugge/ive memoire1 con/itut+ ! be/ preface to ! read+ ( ! books !mselves4 ,we may say 9 pass+1 t we %\ld be grateful to ,mr ,b]gson if he w\ld h x b\nd 9 volume =m1 along ) "s o!r articles :i* are sc>cely to be _h at all today4 ,,ii4 ,e philosophy1 prior to tak+ %ape 9 a gr\p ( co-ord9at$ !ses1 pres5ts itself1 9 its initial /age1 z an attitude1 a frame ( m9d1 a me?od4 ,no?+ c be m important ?an to /udy ?is />t+-po9t1 ?is elem5t>y act ( direction & movem5t1 if we wi% aft]w>ds to arrive at ! precise %ade ( mean+ ( ! subsequ5t tea*+4 ,"h is really ! f\nta9-head ( ?\ght2 x is "h t ! =m ( ! future sy/em is det]m9$1 & "h t contact ) reality takes effect4 ,! la/ po9t1 p>ticul>ly1 is vital4 ,to return to ! direct view ( ?+s beyond all figurative symbols1 to desc5d into ! inmo/ dep?s ( be+1 to wat* ! ?robb+ life 9 its pure /ate1 & li/5 to ! secret rhy?m ( its inmo/ brea?1 to measure x1 at lea/ s f> z measurem5t is possible1 has always be5 ! philosoph]'s ambition2 & ! new philosophy has n dep>t$ f ?is ideal4 ,b 9 :at light does x reg>d its task8 ,t is ! fir/ po9t to cle> up4 ,= ! problem is complex1 & ! goal di/ant4 ,we are made z mu*1 & m1 = action ?an = ?\ght1 says ,mr ,b]gson2 or r1 :5 we foll[ our natural impulse1 x is to act t we ?9k4 7,l',evolution ,creatrice1 page #cba47 ,& aga91 ,:at we ord9>ily call a fact is n reality su* z x w\ld appe> to an imm$iate intuition1 b an adaptation ( reality to practical int]e/s & ! dem&s ( social life4 7,mati]e et ,memoire1 page #bja47 ,h5ce ! "q :i* takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs is3 to di/+ui% 9 our common repres5tation ( ! _w1 ! fact 9 its true s5se f ! comb9ations :i* we h introduc$ 9 view ( action & language4 ,n[1 to r$iscov] nature 9 h] fre% spr+s ( reality1 x is n suffici5t to ab&on ! images & conceptions inv5t$ by human initiative2 /ill less is x suffici5t to fl+ ourselves into ! torr5t ( brute s5sations4 ,by s do+ we are 9 dang] ( dissolv+ our ?\ght 9 dream or qu5*+ x 9 night4 ,above all1 we are 9 dang] ( committal to a pa? :i* x is impossible to foll[4 ,! philosoph] is n free to beg9 ! "w ( k aga9 ^u o!r planes1 ) a m9d :i* w\ld be adequate to ! new & virg9 issue ( a simple writ ( oblivion4 ,at ! "t :5 critical reflection beg9s1 we h already be5 long engag$ 9 action & sci5ce1 by ! tra9+ ( individual life1 z by h]$it>y & racial exp]i5ce1 our faculties ( p]ception & conception1 our s5ses & our und]/&+1 h contract$ habits1 :i* are by ?is "t unconsci\s & in/9ctive2 we are haunt$ by all k9ds ( ideas & pr9ciples1 s famili> today t !y ev5 pass unobs]v$4 ,b :at is x all wor?8 ,does x1 9 its pres5t /ate1 help u to "k ! nature ( a dis9t]e/$ intuition8 ,no?+ b a me?odical exam9ation ( consci\sness c tell u t2 & x w take m ?an a r5unciation ( explicit k to recreate 9 u a new m9d1 capable ( grasp+ ! b>e fact exactly z x is3 :at we require is p]haps a p5etrat+ re=m1 a k9d ( conv]sion4 ,! rational & p]ceptive function we t]m our intellig5ce em]ges f d>kness ?r\gh a sl[ly lift+ dawn4 ,dur+ ?is twilight p]iod x has liv$1 work$1 act$1 fa%ion$ & in=m$ itself4 ,on ! ?re%old ( philosophical speculation x is full ( m or less conceal$ beliefs1 :i* are lit]ally prejudices1 & br&$ ) a secret m>k influ5c+ its e movem5t4 ,"h is an actual situation4 ,exemption f x is beyond anyone's prov9ce4 ,:e!r we w or no1 we are f ! beg9n+ ( our inquiry imm]s$ 9 a doctr9e :i* disguises nature to u1 & already at bottom con/itutes a complete metaphysic4 ,?is we t]m common-s5se1 & positive sci5ce is itself only an ext5sion & ref9em5t ( x4 ,:at is ! value ( ?is "w p]=m$ )\t cle> consci\sness or critical att5tion8 ,does x br+ u into true relation ) ?+s1 into relation ) pure consci\sness8 ,?is is our fir/ & inevitable d\bt1 :i* requires solution4 ,b x w\ld be a quixotic proce$+ fir/ to make a void 9 our m9d1 & aft]w>ds to admit into x1 "o by "o1 aft] inve/igation1 su* & su* a concept1 or su* & su* a pr9ciple4 ,! illusion ( ! clean sweep & total recon/ruction c nev] be too vigor\sly condemn$4 ,is x f ! void t we set out to ?9k8 ,d we ?9k 9 void1 & ) no?+8 ,common ideas ( necessity =m ! gr\ndwork = ! broid]y ( our advanc$ ?\ght4 ,fur!r1 ev5 if we succe$$ 9 our impossible task1 %\ld we1 9 s do+1 h correct$ ! causes ( error :i* are today grav5 ^u ! v /ructure ( our intellig5ce1 su* z our pa/ life has made x8 ,^! errors w\ld n cease to act imp]ceptibly ^u ! "w ( revision int5d$ to apply ! rem$y4 ,x is f )91 by an ef=t ( imman5t purgation1 t ! necess>y re=m mu/ be br\ght ab\t4 ,& philosophy's fir/ task is to in/itute critical reflection ^u ! obscure beg9n+s ( ?\ght1 ) a view to %$d+ light ^u its spontane\s virg9 condition1 b )\t any va9 claim to lift x out ( ! curr5t 9 :i* x is actually plung$4 ,"o conclusion is already pla93 ! gr\ndwork ( common-s5se is sure1 b ! =m is suspici\s4 ,9 common-s5se is conta9$1 at any rate virtually & 9 embryo1 all t c ev] be atta9$ ( reality1 = reality is v]ification1 n con/ruction4 ,ev]y?+ has its />t+-po9t 9 con/ruction & v]ification4 ,?us philosophical rese>* c only be a consci\s & delib]ate return to ! facts ( primal intuition4 ,b common-s5se1 be+ prepossess$ 9 a practical direction1 has d\btless subject$ ^! facts to a process ( int]e/$ alt]ation1 :i* is artificial 9 proportion to ! lab\r be/[$4 ,su* is ,mr ,b]gson's fundam5tal hypo!sis1 & x is f>-rea*+4 ,_m metaphysical difficulties probably arise f our habit ( conf\nd+ speculation & practice2 or ( pu%+ an idea 9 ! direction ( utility1 :5 we ?9k we fa?om x 9 !ory2 or1 la/ly1 ( employ+ 9 ?\ght ! =ms ( action4 7,preface to ,matt] & ,memory4 ,fir/ edition47 ,! "w ( re=m w consi/ !re=e 9 free+ our intellig5ce f its utilit>ian habits1 by endeav\r+ at ! outset to become cle>ly consci\s ( !m4 ,notice h[ f> presumption is 9 fav\r ( our hypo!sis4 ,:e!r we reg>d organic life 9 ! g5esis & pres]vation ( ! individual1 or 9 ! evolution ( species1 we see its natural direction to be t[>ds utility3 b ! ef=t ( ?\ght comes aft] ! ef=t ( life2 x is n add$ f outside1 x is ! cont9uance & ! fl[] ( ! =m] ef=t4 ,mu/ we n expect f ?is t x w pres]ve its =m] habits8 ,& :at d we actually obs]ve8 ,! fir/ gleam ( human intellig5ce 9 prehi/oric times is reveal$ to u by an indu/ry2 ! cut fl9t ( ! primitive caves m>ks ! fir/ /age ( ! road :i* 0 "o day to end 9 ! mo/ sublime philosophies4 ,aga91 e sci5ce has begun by practical arts4 ,inde$1 our sci5ce ( today1 h[ev] dis9t]e/$ x may h become1 rema9s none ! less 9 close relation ) ! dem&s ( our action2 x p]mits u to speak ( & to h&le ?+s r ?an to see !m 9 _! intimate & pr(\nd nature4 ,analysis1 :5 appli$ to our op]ations ( k1 %[s u t our und]/&+ p>cels out1 arre/s1 & quantifies1 :]eas reality1 z x appe>s to imm$iate intuition1 is a mov+ s]ies1 a flux ( bl5d$ qualities4 ,t is to say1 our und]/&+ solidifies all t x t\*es4 ,h we n "h exactly ! ess5tial po/ulates ( action & spee*8 ,to speak1 z to act1 we mu/ h sep>able elem5ts1 t]ms & objects :i* rema9 in]t :ile ! op]ation goes on1 ma9ta9+ betwe5 !mselves ! con/ant relations :i* f9d _! mo/ p]fect & ideal pres5tm5t 9 ma!matics4 ,ev]y?+ t5ds1 !n1 to incl9e u t[>ds ! hypo!sis 9 "q4 ,let u reg>d x h5ce=w>d z express+ a fact4 ,! =ms ( k elaborat$ by common-s5se 7 n orig9ally int5d$ to all[ u to see reality z x is4 ,_! task 0 r1 & rema9s s1 to enable u to grasp its practical aspect4 ,x is = t !y are made1 n = philosophical speculation4 ,n[ ^! =ms nev]!less h exi/$ 9 u z invet]ate habits1 soon becom+ unconsci\s1 ev5 :5 we h rea*$ ! po9t ( desir+ k = its own sake4 ,b 9 ?is new /age !y pres]ve ! bias ( _! orig9al utilit>ian function1 & c>ry ?is m>k ) !m ev]y:]e1 leav+ x ^u ! fre% tasks :i* we are fa9 to make !m accompli%4 ,an inn] re=m is !re=e imp]ative today1 if we are to succe$ 9 une>?+ & sift+1 9 our p]ception ( nature1 "u ! ve9/one ( practical symbolism1 ! true intuitional cont5t4 ,?is attempt at return to ! /&po9t ( pure contemplation & dis9t]e/$ exp]i5ce is a task v diff]5t f ! task ( sci5ce4 ,x is "o ?+ to reg>d m & m or less & less closely ) ! eyes made = u by utilit>ian evolution3 x is ano!r to lab\r at remak+ = ourselves eyes capable ( see+1 9 ord] to see1 & n 9 ord] to live4 ,philosophy und]/ood 9 ?is mann]--& we %all see m & m cle>ly z we g on t !re is no o!r legitimate me?od ( und]/&+ x--dem&s f u an almo/ viol5t act ( re=m & conv]sion4 ,! m9d mu/ turn r\nd ^u itself1 inv]t ! habitual direction ( its ?\ght1 climb ! hill d[n :i* its in/9ct t[>ds action has c>ri$ x1 & g to seek exp]i5ce at its s\rce1 above ! critical b5d :]e x incl9es t[>ds our practical use & becomes1 prop]ly speak+1 human exp]i5ce4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bjc47 ,9 %ort1 by a tw9 ef=t ( criticism & expansion1 x mu/ pass outside common-s5se & syn!tic und]/&+ to return to pure intuition4 ,philosophy consi/s 9 reliv+ ! imm$iate ov] aga91 & 9 int]pret+ our rational sci5ce & ev]yday p]ception by its light4 ,t1 at lea/1 is ! fir/ /age4 ,we %all f9d aft]w>ds t t is n all4 ,"h is a g5u9ely new conception ( philosophy4 ,"h1 = ! fir/ "t1 philosophy is made specifically di/9ct f sci5ce1 yet rema9s no less positive4 ,:at sci5ce really does is to pres]ve ! g5]al attitude ( common-s5se1 ) its app>atus ( =ms & pr9ciples4 ,x is true t sci5ce develops & p]fects x1 ref9es & ext5ds x1 & ev5 n[ & aga9 corrects x4 ,b sci5ce does n *ange ei!r ! direction or ! ess5tial /eps4 ,9 ?is philosophy1 on ! contr>y1 :at is at fir/ suspect$ & f9ally modifi$1 is ! sett+ ( ! po9ts be=e ! j\rney beg9s4 ,n t1 9 say+ s1 we mean to condemn sci5ce2 b we mu/ recognise its j limits4 ,! me?ods ( sci5ce prop] are 9 _! place & appropriate1 & lead to a k :i* is true 7?\gh /ill symbolical71 s long z ! object /udi$ is ! _w ( practical action1 or1 to put x briefly1 ! _w ( in]t matt]4 ,b s\l1 life1 & activity escape x1 & yet ^! are ! spr+ & ultimate basis ( ev]y?+3 & x is ! appreciation ( ?is fact1 ) :at x entails1 t is new4 ,& yet1 new z ,mr ,b]gson's conception ( philosophy may des]v$ly appe>1 x does n any ! less1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 des]ve to be /yl$ classic & traditional4 ,:at x really def9es is n s mu* a p>ticul> philosophy z philosophy itself1 9 its orig9al function4 ,ev]y:]e 9 hi/ory we f9d its secret curr5t at its task4 ,all great philosoph]s h _h glimpses ( x1 & employ$ x 9 mom5ts ( discov]y4 ,only z a g5]al rule !y h n cle>ly recognis$ :at !y 7 do+1 & s h soon turn$ aside4 ,b on ?is po9t ,i _c insi/ )\t go+ into l5g?y detail1 & am oblig$ to ref] ! read] to ! f\r? *apt] ( ,creative ,evolution1 :]e he w f9d ! :ole "q dealt )4 ,"o rem>k1 h[ev]1 has /ill to be made4 ,philosophy1 accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson's conception1 implies & dem&s "t2 x does n aim at completion all at once1 = ! m5tal re=m 9 "q is ( ! k9d :i* requires gradual fulfilm5t4 ,! tru? :i* x involves does n set out to be a non-temporal ess5ce1 :i* a suffici5tly p[]ful g5ius w\ld be able1 "u pressure1 to p]ceive 9 its entirety at "o view2 & t aga9 seems to be v new4 ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 wi% to abuse sy/ems ( philosophy4 ,ea* ( !m is an exp]i5ce ( ?\ght1 a mom5t 9 ! life ( ?\ght1 a me?od ( explor+ reality1 a reag5t :i* reveals an aspect4 ,tru? und]goes analysis into sy/ems z does light into col\rs4 ,b ! m]e "n sy/em calls up ! /atic idea ( a f9i%$ build+4 ,"h !re is no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! new philosophy desires to be a proce$+ z mu* z1 & ev5 m ?an1 to be a sy/em4 ,x insi/s on be+ liv$ z well z ?\ght4 ,x dem&s t ?\ght %\ld "w at liv+ its true life1 an inn] life relat$ to itself1 effective1 active1 & creative1 b n on t acc\nt direct$ t[>ds ext]nal action4 ,&1 says ,mr ,b]gson1 x c only be con/ruct$ by ! collective & progressive ef=t ( _m ?9k]s1 & ( _m obs]v]s1 complet+1 correct+1 & right+ "o ano!r4 7,preface to ,creative ,evolution47 ,let u see h[ x beg9s1 & :at is its g5]at+ act4 ,,iii4 ,h[ are we to atta9 ! imm$iate8 ,h[ are we to realise ?is p]ception ( pure fact :i* we /at$ to be ! philosoph]'s fir/ /ep8 ,unless we c cle> up ?is d\bt1 ! end propos$ w rema9 to our gaze an ab/ract & lifeless ideal4 ,?is is1 !n1 ! po9t :i* requires in/ant explanation4 ,= !re is a s]i\s difficulty 9 :i* ! v employm5t ( ! ^w imm$iate might lead u a/ray4 ,! imm$iate1 9 ! s5se :i* conc]ns u1 is n at all1 or at lea/ is no long] = u ! passive exp]i5ce1 ! indef9able some?+ :i* we %\ld inevitably receive1 provid$ we op5$ our eyes & ab/a9$ f reflection4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we _c ab/a9 f reflection3 reflection is today "p ( our v vision2 x comes into play z soon z we op5 our eyes4 ,s t1 to come on ! trail ( ! imm$iate1 !re mu/ be ef=t & "w4 ,h[ are we to guide ?is ef=t8 ,9 :at w ?is "w consi/8 ,by :at sign %all we be able to recognise t ! result has be5 obta9$8 ,^! are ! que/ions to be cle>$ up4 ,mr ,b]gson speaks ( !m *iefly 9 connection ) ! realities ( consci\sness1 or1 m g5]ally speak+1 ( life4 ,& x is "h1 9 fact1 t ! consequ5ces are mo/ weighty & f>-rea*+4 ,we %all ne$ to ref] to !m aga9 9 detail4 ,b to simplify my explanation1 ,i w "h *oose ano!r example3 t ( in]t matt]1 ( ! p]ception on :i* ! physical is bas$4 ,x is 9 ?is case t ! div]g5ce betwe5 common p]ception & pure p]ception1 h[ev] real x may be1 assumes lea/ proportions4 ,!re=e x appe>s mo/ 9 place 9 ! sket* ,i desire to trace ( an exce$+ly complex "w1 :]e ,i c only hope1 evid5tly1 to indicate ! ma9 l9es & g5]al direction4 ,we readily believe t :5 we ca/ our eyes ^u surr\nd+ objects1 we ent] into !m unresi/+ly & appreh5d !m all at once 9 _! intr9sic nature4 ,p]ception w\ld ?us be no?+ b simple passive regi/ration4 ,b no?+ c\ld be m untrue1 if we are speak+ ( ! p]ception :i* we employ )\t pr(\nd criticism 9 ! c\rse ( our daily life4 ,:at we "h take to be pure fact is1 on ! contr>y1 ! la/ t]m 9 a highly complicat$ s]ies ( m5tal op]ations4 ,& ?is t]m conta9s z mu* ( u z ( ?+s4 ,9 fact1 all concrete p]ception comes up = analysis z an indissoluble mixture ( con/ruction & fact1 9 :i* ! fact is only reveal$ ?r\gh ! con/ruction1 & takes on its complexion4 ,we all "k by exp]i5ce h[ incapable ! un$ucat$ p]son is ( expla9+ ! simple appe>ance ( ! lea/ fact1 )\t embody+ a cr[d ( false int]pretations4 ,we "k to a less ext5t1 b x is also true1 t ! mo/ enlight5$ & adroit p]son proce$s 9 j ! same mann]3 8 int]pretation is bett]1 b x is /ill int]pretation4 ,t is :y accurate obs]vation is s difficult2 we see or we d n see1 we notice su* & su* an aspect1 we read ?is or t1 accord+ to our /ate ( consci\sness at ! "t1 accord+ to ! direction ( ! inve/igation on :i* we are engag$4 ,:o 0 x def9$ art z nature se5 ?r\gh a m9d8 ,p]ception1 too1 is an art4 ,?is art has its processes1 its conv5tions1 & its tools4 ,g into a laboratory & /udy "o ( ^? complex in/rum5ts :i* make our s5ses f9] or m p[]ful2 ea* ( !m is lit]ally a %eaf ( mat]ialis$ !ories1 & by means ( x all acquir$ sci5ce is br\ght to be> on ea* new obs]vation ( ! /ud5t4 ,9 exactly ! same way our organs ( s5se are actual in/rum5ts con/ruct$ by ! unconsci\s "w ( ! m9d 9 ! c\rse ( biological evolution2 !y too sum up & give concrete =m & expression to a sy/em ( enlight5+ !ories4 ,b t is n all4 ,! mo/ elem5t>y psy*ology %[s u ! am\nt ( ?\ght1 9 ! correct s5se ( ! t]m1 recollection1 or inf]5ce1 :i* ent]s into :at we %\ld be tempt$ to call pure p]ception4 ,e/abli%m5t ( fact is n ! simple reception ( ! fai?ful impr9t ( t fact2 x is inv>iably int]pret$1 sy/ematis$1 & plac$ 9 pre-exi/+ =ms :i* con/itute v]itable !oretical frames4 ,t is :y ! *ild has to le>n to p]ceive4 ,!re is an education ( ! s5ses :i* he acquires by long tra9+4 ,"o day1 :i* aid ( habit1 he w almo/ cease to see ?+s3 a few l9es1 a few glimpses1 a few simple signs not$ 9 a brief pass+ glance1 w enable him to recognise !m2 & he w h>dly reta9 any m ( reality ?an its s*emes & symbols4 ,p]ception1 says ,mr ,b]gson on ?is subject1 becomes 9 ! end only an opportunity ( recollection4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #ei47 ,all concrete p]ception1 x is true1 is direct$ less ^u ! pres5t ?an ! pa/4 ,! "p ( pure p]ception 9 x is small1 & imm$iately cov]$ & almo/ buri$ by ! contribution ( memory4 ,?is inf9itesimal "p acts z a bait4 ,x is a summons to recollection1 *all5g+ u to extract f our previ\s exp]i5ce1 & con/ruct ) our acquir$ weal? a sy/em ( images :i* p]mits u to read ! exp]i5ce ( ! mom5t4 ,) our s*eme ( int]pretation ?us con/itut$ we enc\nt] ! few fugitive traits :i* we h actually p]ceiv$4 ,if ! !ory we h elaborat$ adapts itself1 & succe$s 9 acc\nt+ =1 connect+1 & mak+ s5se ( ^! traits1 we %all f9ally h a p]ception prop]ly s call$4 ,p]ception !n1 9 ! usual s5se ( ! ^w1 is ! resolution ( a problem1 ! v]ification ( a !ory4 ,?us are expla9$ errors ( ! s5ses1 :i* are 9 reality errors ( int]pretation4 ,?us too1 & 9 ! same mann]1 we h ! explanation ( dreams4 ,let u take a simple example4 ,:5 y read a book1 d y spell ea* syllable1 "o by "o1 to gr\p ! syllables aft]w>ds into words1 & ! words into phrases1 ?us travell+ f pr9t to mean+8 ,n at all3 y grasp a few lett]s accurately1 a few d[n/rokes 9 _! graphical outl9e2 !n y guess ! rema9d]1 travell+ 9 ! rev]se direction1 f a probable mean+ to ! pr9t :i* y are int]pret+4 ,?is is :at causes mi/akes 9 read+1 & ! well-kn[n difficulty 9 see+ pr9t+ errors4 ,?is obs]vation is confirm$ by curi\s exp]im5ts4 ,write "s ev]yday phrase or o!r on a blackbo>d2 let !re be a few int5tional mi/akes "h & !re1 a lett] or two alt]$1 or left out4 ,place ! words 9 a d>k room 9 front ( a p]son :o1 ( c\rse1 does n "k :at has be5 writt54 ,!n turn on ! light )\t all[+ ! obs]v] suffici5t "t to spell ! writ+4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 he w 9 mo/ cases read ! entire phrase1 )\t hesitation or difficulty4 ,he has re/or$ :at 0 miss+1 or correct$ :at 0 at fault4 ,n[1 ask him :at lett]s he is c]ta9 he saw1 & y w f9d he w tell y an omitt$ or alt]$ lett] z well z a lett] actually writt54 ,! obs]v] !n ?9ks he sees 9 broad light a lett] :i* is n !re1 if t lett]1 9 virtue ( ! g5]al s5se1 ought to appe> 9 ! phrase4 ,b y c g fur!r1 & v>y ! exp]im5t4 ,suppose we write ! ^w tumult correctly4 ,aft] do+ s1 to direct ! memory ( ! obs]v] into a c]ta9 tr5d ( recollection1 call out 9 8 e>1 dur+ ! %ort "t ! light is turn$ on1 ano!r ^w ( diff]5t mean+1 = example1 ! ^w railway4 ,! obs]v] w read tunnel2 t is to say1 a ^w1 ! graphical outl9e ( :i* is l t ( ! writt5 ^w1 b connect$ 9 s5se ) ! ord] ( recollection call$ up4 ,9 ?is mi/ake 9 read+1 z 9 ! spontane\s correction ( ! previ\s exp]im5t1 we see v cle>ly t p]ception is always ! fulfilm5t ( guesswork4 ,x is ! direction ( ?is "w t we are conc]n$ to det]m9e4 ,accord+ to ! popul> idea1 p]ception has a completely speculative int]e/3 x is pure k4 ,!re9 lies ! fundam5tal mi/ake4 ,notice fir/ ( all h[ mu* m probable x is1 a priori1 t ! "w ( p]ception1 j z any o!r natural & spontane\s "w1 %\ld h a utilit>ian signification4 ,life1 says ,mr ,b]gson ) ju/ice1 is ! acceptance f objects ( no?+ b ! useful impression1 ) ! response ( ! appropriate reactions4 7,laught]1 page #aed47 ,& ?is view receives /rik+ objective confirmation if1 ) ! au?or ( ,matt] & ,memory1 we foll[ ! progress ( ! p]ceptive functions along ! animal s]ies f ! protoplasm to ! high] v]tebrates2 or if1 ) him1 we analyse ! task ( ! body1 & discov] t ! n]v\s sy/em is manife/$ 9 its v /ructure z1 be=e all1 an in/rum5t ( action4 ,h we n already besides pro( ( ?is 9 ! fact t ea* ( u always appe>s 9 8 own eyes to occupy ! c5tre ( ! _w he p]ceives8 ,! ,riquet ( ,anatole ,france voices ,mr ,b]gson's view3 ,i am always 9 ! c5tre ( ev]y?+1 & m5 & bea/s & ?+s1 = or aga9/ me1 range !mselves ar\nd4 ,b direct analysis leads u /ill m pla9ly to ! same conclusion4 ,let u take ! p]ception ( bodies4 ,x is easy to %[--& ,i regret t ,i _c "h reproduce ,mr ,b]gson's ma/]ly demon/ration--t ! division ( matt] into di/9ct objects ) %>p outl9es is produc$ by a selection ( images :i* is completely relative to our practical ne$s4 ,! di/9ct outl9es :i* we assign to an object1 & :i* be/[ ^u x its individuality1 are no?+ b ! graph ( a c]ta9 k9d ( influ5ce :i* we %\ld be able to employ at a c]ta9 po9t 9 space3 x is ! plan ( our future actions :i* is submitt$ to our eyes1 z 9 a mirror1 :5 we p]ceive ! surfaces & edges ( ?+s4 ,remove ?is action1 & 9 consequ5ce ! high roads :i* x makes = itself 9 advance by p]ception1 9 ! web ( reality1 & ! individuality ( ! body w be reabsorb$ 9 ! univ]sal int]action :i* is )\t d\bt reality itself4 ,:i* is tantam\nt to say+ t r\gh bodies are cut 9 ! mat]ial ( nature by a p]ception ( :i* ! scissors foll[1 9 "s sort1 ! dott$ l9e along :i* ! action w\ld pass4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #ab47 ,bodies indep5d5t ( common exp]i5ce d n !n appe>1 to an att5tive criticism1 z v]itable realities :i* w\ld h an exi/5ce 9 !mselves4 ,!y are only c5tres ( co-ord9ation = our actions4 ,or1 if y pref] x1 our ne$s are s _m %afts ( light :i*1 :5 play$ ^u ! cont9uity ( p]ceptible qualities1 produce 9 !m ! outl9e ( di/9ct bodies4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bbj47 ,does n sci5ce too1 aft] its own fa%ion1 resolve ! atom into a c5tre ( int]sect+ relations1 :i* f9ally ext5d by degrees to ! entire univ]se 9 an indissoluble int]p5etration8 ,a qualitative cont9uity1 imp]ceptibly %ad$ (f1 ov] :i* pass quiv]s t "h & !re conv]ge1 is ! image by :i* we are =c$ to recognise a sup]ior degree ( reality4 ,b is ?is p]ceptible mat]ial1 ?is qualitative cont9uity1 ! pure fact 9 matt]8 ,n yet4 ,p]ception1 we said j n[1 is always 9 reality complicat$ by memory4 ,!re is m tru? 9 ?is ?an we _h se54 ,reality is n a motionless spectrum1 ext5d+ to our view its inf9ite %ades2 x might r be t]m$ a leap+ flame 9 ! spectrum4 ,all is 9 passage1 9 process ( becom+4 ,on ?is flux consci\sness conc5trates at long int]vals1 ea* "t cond5s+ into "o quality an imm5se p]iod ( ! inn] hi/ory ( ?+s4 ,9 j ?is way ! ?\s& successive positions ( a runn] contract into "o s+le symbolic attitude1 :i* our eye p]ceives1 :i* art reproduces1 & :i* becomes = ev]ybody ! repres5tation ( a man runn+4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bcc47 ,9 ! same way aga91 a r$ light1 cont9u+ "o second1 embodies su* a l>ge numb] ( elem5t>y pulsations t x w\ld take #be1jjj ye>s ( our "t to see its di/9ct passage4 ,f "h spr+s ! subjectivity ( our p]ception4 ,! diff]5t qualities correspond1 r\ghly speak+1 to ! diff]5t rhy?ms ( contraction or dilution1 to ! diff]5t degrees ( inn] t5sion 9 ! p]ceiv+ consci\sness4 ,pu%+ ! case to its limits1 & imag9+ a complete expansion1 matt] w\ld resolve into col\rless di/urbances1 & become ! pure matt] ( ! natural philosoph]4 ,let u n[ unite 9 "o s+le cont9uity ! diff]5t p]iods ( ! prec$+ dialectic4 ,vibration1 qualities1 & bodies are none ( !m reality by !mselves2 b all ! same !y are "p ( reality4 ,& absolute reality w\ld be ! :ole ( ^! degrees & mom5ts1 & _m o!rs z well1 no d\bt4 ,or r1 to secure absolute intuition ( matt]1 we %\ld h on ! "o h& to get rid ( all t our practical ne$s h con/ruct$1 re/ore on ! o!r all ! effective t5d5cies !y h ext+ui%$1 foll[ ! complete scale ( qualitative conc5trations & dilutions1 & pass1 by a k9d ( sympa?y1 into ! incessantly mov+ play ( all ! possible innum]able contractions or resolutions2 ) ! result t 9 ! end we %\ld succe$1 by a simultane\s view z x 71 9 grasp+1 accord+ to _! inf9itely v>i\s modes1 ! phases ( ?is matt] :i*1 ?\gh at pres5t lat5t1 admit ( p]ception4 ,?us1 9 ! case be=e u1 absolute k is f\nd to be ! result ( integral exp]i5ce2 & ?\gh we _c atta9 ! t]m1 we see at any rate 9 :at direction we %\ld h to "w to rea* x4 ,n[ x mu/ be /at$ t our realisable k is at e mom5t p>tial & limit$ r ?an ext]ior & relative1 = our effective p]ception is relat$ to matt] 9 itself z ! "p to ! :ole4 ,our lea/ p]ceptions are actually bas$ on pure p]ception1 & we are aw>e ( ! elem5t>y di/urbances :i* con/itute matt]1 9 ! p]ceptible quality 9 :i* !y suff] contraction1 z we are aw>e ( ! beat+ ( our he>t 9 ! g5]al feel+ t we h ( liv+4 7,! ,j\rnal ( ,philosophy1 ,psy*ology1 & ,sci5tific ,me?ods1 #g? ,july #aiaj47 ,b ! preoccupation ( practical action1 com+ betwe5 reality & ourselves1 produces ! fragm5t>y _w ( common-s5se1 mu* z an absorb+ m$ium resolves into sep>ate rays ! cont9u\s spectrum ( a lum9\s body2 :il/ ! rhy?m ( duration1 & ! degree ( t5sion peculi> to our consci\sness1 limit u to ! appreh5sion ( c]ta9 qualities only4 ,:at !n h we to d to progress t[>ds absolute k8 ,n to quit exp]i5ce3 q ! contr>y2 b to ext5d x & div]sify x by sci5ce1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 by criticism1 we correct 9 x ! di/urb+ effects ( action1 & f9ally quick5 all ! results ?us obta9$ by an ef=t ( sympa?y :i* w make u famili> ) ! object until we feel its pr(\nd ?robb+ & its inn] weal?4 ,9 connection ) ?is la/ vital po9t1 :i* is decisive1 call to m9d a celebrat$ page ( ,sa9te-,beuve :]e he def9es 8 me?od3 ,ent] into y\r au?or1 make y\rself at home 9 him1 produce him "u 8 diff]5t aspects1 make him live1 move1 & speak z he mu/ h done2 foll[ him to 8 fireside & 9 8 dome/ic habits1 z closely z y c444 ,/udy him1 turn him r\nd & r\nd1 ask him que/ions at y\r leisure2 place him be=e y444,e feature w appe> 9 its turn1 & take ! place ( ! man himself 9 ?is expression444 ,an individual reality w gradually bl5d ) & become inc>nate 9 ! vague1 ab/ract1 & g5]al type444,!re is our man444 ,yes1 t is exactly :at we want3 x c\ld n be bett] put4 ,transpose ?is page f ! lit]>y to ! metaphysical ord]1 & y h intuition1 z def9$ by ,mr ,b]gson4 ,y h ! return to imm$iacy4 ,b a new problem !n arises3 ,is n our intuition ( imm$iacy 9 dang] ( rema9+ inexpressible8 ,= our language has be5 =m$ 9 view ( practical life1 n ( pure k4 ,,iv4 ,! imm$iate p]ception ( reality is n all2 we h /ill to translate ?is p]ception into intelligible language1 into a connect$ *a9 ( concepts2 fail+ :i*1 x w\ld seem1 we %\ld n h k 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 we %\ld n h tru?4 ,)\t language1 intuition1 suppos+ x came to bir?1 w\ld rema9 intransmissible & incommunicable1 & w\ld p]i% 9 a solit>y cry4 ,by language alone are we enabl$ to submit x to a positive te/3 ! lett] is ! balla/ ( ! m9d1 ! body :i* all[s x to act1 & 9 act+ to scatt] ! unreal delusions ( dream4 ,! act ( pure intuition dem&s s great an inn] t5sion f ?\ght t x c only be v r>e & v fugitive3 a few rapid gleams "h & !re2 & ^! dawn+ glimpses mu/ be su/a9$1 & aft]w>ds unit$1 & t aga9 is ! "w ( language4 ,b :ile language is ?us necess>y1 no less necess>y is a criticism ( ord9>y language1 & ( ! me?ods famili> to ! und]/&+4 ,^! =ms ( reflect$ k1 ^! processes ( analysis really convey secretly all ! po/ulates ( practical action4 ,b x is imp]ative t language %\ld translate1 n betray2 t ! body ( =mulae %\ld n /ifle ! s\l ( intuition4 ,we %all see 9 :at ! "w ( re=m & conv]sion impos$ on ! philosoph] precisely consi/s4 ,! attitude ( ! ord9>y proce$+s ( common ?\ght c be /at$ 9 a few words4 ,place ! object /udi$ be=e y\rself z an ext]ior ?+4 ,!n place y\rself outside x1 9 p]spective1 at po9ts ( vantage on a circumf]5ce1 :5ce y c only see ! object ( y\r inve/igation at a di/ance1 ) su* int]val z w\ld be suffici5t = ! contemplation ( a picture2 9 %ort1 move r\nd ! object in/ead ( ent]+ boldly into x4 ,b ^! proce$+s lead to :at ,i %all t]m analysis by concepts2 t is to say1 ! attempt to resolve all reality into g5]al ideas4 ,:at are concepts & ab/ract ideas really1 b di/ant & simplifi$ views1 species ( model draw+s1 giv+ only a few summ>y features ( _! object1 :i* v>y accord+ to direction & angle8 ,by means ( !m we claim to det]m9e ! object f outside1 z if1 9 ord] to "k x1 x 7 suffici5t to enclose x 9 a sy/em ( logical sides & angles4 ,& p]haps 9 ?is way we d really grasp x1 p]haps we d e/abli% its precise description1 b we d n p5etrate x4 ,concepts translate relations result+ f comp>isons by :i* ea* object is f9ally express$ z a function ( :at x is n4 ,!y dismemb] x1 divide x up piece by piece1 & m\nt x 9 v>i\s frames4 ,!y lay hold ( x only by ends & corn]s1 by resemblances & diff]5ces4 ,is n t obvi\sly :at is done by ! conv]t+ !ories :i* expla9 ! s\l by ! body1 life by matt]1 quality by movem5ts1 space itself by pure numb]8 ,is n t :at is done g5]ally by all criticisms1 all doctr9es :i* connect "o idea to ano!r1 or to a gr\p ( o!r ideas8 ,9 ?is way we rea* only ! surface ( ?+s1 ! reciprocal contacts1 mutual int]sections1 & p>ts common1 b n ! organic unity nor ! inn] ess5ce4 ,9 va9 we multiply our po9ts ( view1 our p]spectives & plane projections3 no accumulation ( ?is k9d w recon/ruct ! concrete solid4 ,we c pass f an object directly p]ceiv$ to ! pictures :i* repres5t x1 ! pr9ts :i* repres5t ! pictures1 ! s*eme repres5t+ ! pr9ts1 because ea* /age conta9s less ?an ! "o be=e1 & is obta9$ f x by simple dim9ution4 ,b1 inv]sely1 y may take all ! s*emes1 pr9ts1 pictures y l--suppos+ t x is n absurd to conceive z giv5 :at is by nature int]m9able & inexhau/ible1 l5d+ itself to indef9ite enum]ation & endless developm5t & multiplicity--b y w nev] recompose ! pr(\nd & orig9al unity ( ! s\rce4 ,h[1 by =c+ y\rself to seek ! object outside itself1 :]e x c]ta9ly is n1 except 9 e*o & reflection1 w\ld y ev] f9d its intimate & specific reality8 ,y are b condemn+ y\rself to symbolism1 = "o ?+ c only be 9 ano!r symbolically4 ,to g fur!r /ill1 y\r k ( ?+s w rema9 irrem$iably relative1 relative to ! symbols select$ & ! po9ts ( view adopt$4 ,ev]y?+ w happ5 z 9 a movem5t ( :i* ! appe>ance & =mula v>y ) ! spot f :i* y reg>d x1 ) ! m>ks to :i* y relate x4 ,absolute revelation is only giv5 to ! man :o passes into ! object1 fl+s himself ^u its /ream1 & lives )9 its rhy?m4 ,! !sis :i* ma9ta9s ! inevitable relativity ( all human k orig9ates ma9ly f ! metaphors employ$ to describe ! act ( k4 ,! subject occupies ?is po9t1 ! object t2 h[ are we to span ! di/ance8 ,our p]ceptory organs fill ! int]val2 h[ are we to grasp any?+ b :at rea*es u 9 ! receiv] at ! end ( ! wire8 ,! m9d itself is a project+ lant]n play+ a %aft ( light on nature2 h[ %\ld x d o!rwise ?an t9t nature its own col\r8 ,b ^! difficulties all arise out ( ! spatial metaphors employ$2 & ^! metaphors 9 _! turn d little b illu/rate & translate ! common me?od ( analysis by concepts3 & ?is me?od is ess5tially regulat$ by ! practical ne$s ( action & language4 ,! philosoph] mu/ adopt an attitude entirely inv]se2 n keep at a di/ance f ?+s1 b li/5 9 a mann] to _! inw>d brea?+1 &1 above all1 supply ! ef=t ( sympa?y by :i* he e/abli%es himself 9 ! object1 becomes on intimate t]ms ) x1 tunes himself to its rhy?m1 &1 9 a ^w1 lives x4 ,!re is really no?+ my/]i\s or /range 9 ?is4 ,consid] y\r daily judgm5ts 9 matt]s ( art1 pr(ession1 or sport4 ,betwe5 k by !ory & k by exp]i5ce1 betwe5 und]/&+ by ext]nal analogy & p]ception by pr(\nd intuition1 :at diff]5ce & div]g5ce !re is6 ,:o has absolute k ( a ma*9e1 ! /ud5t :o analyses x 9 me*anical !orems1 or ! eng9e] :o has liv$ 9 comrade%ip ) x1 ev5 to %>+ ! physical s5sation ( its lab\r$ or easy work+1 :o feels ! play ( its inn] muscles1 its likes & dislikes1 :o notes its movem5ts & ! task be=e x1 z ! ma*9e itself w\ld d 7 x consci\s1 = :om x has become an ext5sion ( 8 own body1 a new s5sori-motor organ1 a gr\p ( pre>rang$ ge/ures & automatic habits8 ,! /ud5t's k is m useful to ! build]1 & ,i d n wi% to claim t we %\ld ev] neglect x2 b ! only true k is t ( ! eng9e]4 ,& :at ,i h j said does n conc]n mat]ial objects only4 ,:o has absolute k ( religion1 he :o analyses x 9 psy*ology1 sociology1 hi/ory1 & metaphysics1 or he :o1 f )91 by a liv+ exp]i5ce1 p>ticipates 9 its ess5ce & holds communion ) its duration8 ,b ! ext]nal nature ( ! k obta9$ by conceptual analysis is only its lea/ fault4 ,!re are o!rs /ill m s]i\s4 ,if concepts actually express :at is common1 g5]al1 unspecific1 :at %\ld make u feel ! ne$ ( reca/+ !m :5 we apply !m to a new object8 ,does n _! gr\nd1 _! utility1 & _! int]e/ exactly consi/ 9 sp>+ u ?is lab\r8 ,we reg>d !m z elaborat$ once = all4 ,!y are build+-mat]ial1 ready-hewn blocks1 :i* we h only to br+ toge!r4 ,!y are atoms1 simple elem5ts--a ma!matician w\ld say prime factors--capable ( associat+ ) inf9ity1 b )\t und]go+ any inn] modification 9 contact ) x4 ,!y admit l9kage2 !y c be atta*$ ext]nally1 b !y leave ! aggregate z !y w5t into x4 ,juxtaposition & arrangem5t are ! geometrical op]ations :i* typify ! "w ( k 9 su* a case2 or else we mu/ fall back on metaphors f "s m5tal *emi/ry1 su* z proportion+ & comb9ation4 ,9 all cases1 ! me?od is /ill t ( alignm5t & bl5d+ ( pre-exi/5t concepts4 ,n[ ! m]e fact ( proce$+ ?us is equival5t to sett+ up ! concept z a symbol ( an ab/ract class4 ,t be+ done1 explanation ( a ?+ is no m ?an %[+ x 9 ! int]section ( sev]al classes1 p>tak+ ( ea* ( !m 9 def9ite proportions3 :i* is ! same z consid]+ x suffici5tly express$ by a li/ ( g5]al frames into :i* x w g4 ,! unkn[n is !n1 on pr9ciple1 & 9 virtue ( ?is !ory1 ref]r$ to ! already kn[n2 & x !reby becomes impossible ev] to grasp any true novelty or any irr$ucible orig9ality4 ,on pr9ciple1 once m1 we claim to recon/ruct nature ) pure symbols2 & x !reby becomes impossible ev] to rea* its concrete reality1 ! invisible & pres5t s\l4 ,?is intuitional co9age 9 fix$ /&>d concepts1 ?is creation ( an easily h&l$ intellectual ca%1 is no d\bt ( evid5t practical utility4 ,= k 9 ! usual s5se ( ! ^w is n a dis9t]e/$ op]ation2 x consi/s 9 f9d+ out :at pr(it we c draw f an object1 h[ we are to conduct ourselves t[>ds x1 :at label we c suitably atta* to x1 "u :at already kn[n class x comes1 to :at degree x is des]v+ ( ?is or t title :i* det]m9es an attitude we mu/ take up1 or a /ep we mu/ p]=m4 ,our end is to place ! object 9 its approximate class1 hav+ reg>d to advantage\s employm5t or to ev]yday language4 ,!n1 & only !n1 we f9d our pigeon-holes all ready-made2 & ! same p>cel ( reag5ts meets all cases4 ,a univ]sal cate*ism is "h 9 exi/5ce to meet e rese>*2 its diff]5t clauses def9e s _m un%ift+ po9ts ( view1 f :i* we reg>d ea* object1 & our /udy is subsequ5tly limit$ to apply+ a k9d ( nom5clature to ! precon/ruct$ frames4 ,once aga9 ! philosoph] has to proce$ 9 exactly ! opposite direction4 ,he has n to conf9e himself to ready-made bus9ess concepts1 ( ! ord9>y k9d1 suits cut to an av]age model1 :i* fit nobody because !y almo/ fit ev]ybody2 b he has to "w to measure1 incessantly r5ew 8 plant1 cont9ually recreate 8 m9d1 & meet ea* new problem ) a fre% adaptive ef=t4 ,he mu/ n g f concepts to ?+s1 z if ea* ( !m 7 only ! cutt+-po9t ( sev]al concurr5t g5]alities1 an ideal c5tre ( int]sect+ ab/ractions2 on ! contr>y1 he mu/ g f ?+s to concepts1 incessantly creat+ new ?\ghts1 & incessantly reca/+ ! old4 ,!re c\ld be no solution ( ! problem 9 a m or less +5i\s mosaic or tessellation ( rigid concepts1 pre-exi/+ to be employ$4 ,we ne$ pla/ic fluid1 supple & liv+ concepts1 capable ( be+ cont9ually modell$ on reality1 ( delicately foll[+ its inf9ite curves4 ,! philosoph]'s task is !n to create concepts mu* m ?an to comb9e !m4 ,& ea* ( ! concepts he creates mu/ rema9 op5 & adju/able1 ready = ! necess>y r5ewal & adaptation1 l a me?od or a programme3 x mu/ be ! arr[ po9t+ to a pa? :i* desc5ds f intuition to language1 n a b\nd>y m>k+ a t]m9us4 ,9 ?is way only does philosophy rema9 :at x ought to be3 ! exam9ation into ! consci\sness ( ! human m9d1 ! ef=t t[>ds enl>gem5t & dep? :i* x attempts unremitt+ly1 9 ord] to advance beyond its pres5t intellectual condition4 ,d y want an example8 ,i w take t ( human p]sonality4 ,! ego is "o2 ! ego is _m3 no "o conte/s ?is d\ble =mula4 ,b ev]y?+ admits ( x2 & :at is its lesson to u8 ,obs]ve :at is b\nd to happ5 to ! two concepts ( unity & multiplicity1 by ! m]e fact t we take !m = g5]al frames indep5d5t ( ! reality conta9$1 = deta*$ language admitt+ empty & blank def9ition1 always repres5table by ! same ^w1 no matt] :at ! circum/ances3 !y are no long] liv+ & col\r$ ideas1 b ab/ract1 motionless1 & neutral =ms1 )\t %ades or gradations1 )\t di/9ction ( case1 *>act]is+ two po9ts ( view f :i* y c obs]ve any?+ & ev]y?+4 ,?is be+ s1 h[ c\ld ! application ( ^! =ms help u to grasp ! orig9al & peculi> nature ( ! unity & multiplicity ( ! ego8 ,/ill fur!r1 h[ c\ld we1 betwe5 two su* entities1 /atically def9$ by _! opposition1 ev] imag9e a syn!sis8 ,correctly speak+1 ! int]e/+ "q is n :e!r !re is unity1 multiplicity1 comb9ation1 "o ) ! o!r1 b to see :at sort ( unity1 multiplicity1 or comb9ation realises ! case 9 po9t2 above all1 to und]/& h[ ! liv+ p]son is at once multiple unity & "o multiplicity1 h[ ^! two poles ( conceptual dissociation are connect$1 h[ ^! two div]g+ bran*es ( ab/raction jo9 at ! roots4 ,! int]e/+ po9t1 9 a ^w1 is n ! two symbolical col\rless m>ks indicat+ ! two ends ( ! spectrum2 x is ! cont9uity betwe51 ) its *ang+ weal? ( col\r+1 & ! d\ble progress ( %ades :i* resolve x into r$ & violet4 ,b x is impossible to arrive at ?is concrete transition unless we beg9 f direct intuition & desc5d to ! analys+ concepts4 ,aga91 ! same duty ( rev]s+ our famili> attitude1 ( inv]t+ our cu/om>y proce$+1 becomes ours = ano!r reason4 ,! conceptual atomism ( common ?\ght leads x to place movem5t 9 a l[] ord] ?an re/1 fact 9 a l[] ord] ?an becom+4 ,accord+ to common ?\ght1 movem5t is add$ to ! atom1 z a supplem5t>y accid5t to a body previ\sly at re/2 &1 by becom+1 ! pre-exi/5t t]ms are /rung toge!r l pe>ls on a necklace4 ,x delights 9 re/1 & endeav\rs to br+ to re/ all t moves4 ,immobility appe>s to x to be ! base ( exi/5ce4 ,x decomposes & pulv]ises e *ange & e ph5om5on1 until x f9ds ! inv>iable elem5t 9 !m4 ,x is immobility :i* x e/eems z prim>y1 fundam5tal1 intelligible ( itself2 & motion1 on ! contr>y1 :i* x seeks to expla9 z a function ( immobility4 ,& s x t5ds1 out ( progresses & transitions1 to make ?+s4 ,to see di/9ctly1 x appe>s to ne$ a dead halt4 ,:at inde$ are concepts b logical look-out /ations along ! pa? ( becom+8 :at are !y b motionless ext]nal views1 tak5 at int]vals1 ( an un9t]rupt$ /ream ( movem5t8 ,ea* ( !m isolates & fixes an aspect1 z ! in/antane\s lightn+ fla%es on a /orm-sc5e 9 ! d>kness4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bji47 ,plac$ toge!r1 !y make a net laid 9 advance1 a /rong me%work 9 :i* ! human intellig5ce po/s itself securely to spy ! flux ( reality1 & seize x z x passes4 ,su* a proce$+ is made = ! practical _w1 & is out ( place 9 ! speculative4 ,ev]y:]e we are try+ to f9d con/ants1 id5tities1 non-v>iants1 /ates2 & we imag9e ideal sci5ce z an op5 eye :i* gazes = ev] ^u objects t d n move4 ,! con/ant is ! concrete support dem&$ by our action3 ! matt] ^u :i* we op]ate mu/ n escape our grasp & slip ?r\gh our h&s1 if we are to be able to "w x4 ,! con/ant1 aga91 is ! elem5t ( language1 9 :i* ! ^w repres5ts its in]t p]man5ce1 9 :i* x con/itutes ! solid fulcrum1 ! f\ndation & l&m>k ( dialectic progress1 be+ t :i* c be disc>d$ by ! m9d1 ^: att5tion is ?us free = o!r tasks4 ,9 ?is respect analysis by concepts is ! natural me?od ( common-s5se4 ,x consi/s 9 ask+ f "t to "t :at po9t ! object /udi$ has rea*$1 :at x has become1 9 ord] to see :at "o c\ld d]ive f x1 or :at x is fitt+ to say ( x4 ,b ?is me?od has only a practical rea*4 ,reality1 :i* 9 its ess5ce is becom+1 passes ?r\gh our concepts )\t ev] lett+ itself be caught1 z a mov+ body passes fix$ po9ts4 ,:5 we filt] x1 we reta9 only its deposit1 ! result ( ! becom+ drift$ d[n to u4 ,d ! dams1 canals1 & buoys make ! curr5t ( ! riv]8 ,d ! fe/oons ( dead seawe$ rang$ along ! s& make ! ris+ tide8 ,let u bew>e ( conf\nd+ ! /ream ( becom+ ) ! %>p outl9e ( its result4 ,analysis by concepts is a c9ematograph me?od1 & x is pla9 t ! inn] organisation ( ! movem5t is n se5 9 ! mov+ pictures4 ,e mom5t we h fix$ views ( mov+ objects4 ,) su* conceptual sections tak5 9 ! /ream ( cont9uity1 h[ev] _m we accumulate1 %\ld we ev] recon/ruct ! movem5t itself1 ! dynamic connection1 ! m>* ( ! images1 ! transition f "o view to ano!r8 ,?is capacity = movem5t mu/ be conta9$ 9 ! picture app>atus1 & mu/ !re=e be giv5 9 addition to ! views !mselves2 & no?+ c bett] prove h[1 aft] all1 movem5t is nev] explicable except by itself1 nev] grasp$ except 9 itself4 ,b if we take movem5t z our pr9ciple1 x is1 on ! contr>y1 possible1 & ev5 easy1 to slack5 spe$ by imp]ceptible degrees1 & /op dead4 ,f a dead /op we %all nev] get our movem5t aga92 b re/ c v well be conceiv$ z ! limit ( movem5t1 z its arre/ or ext9ction2 = re/ is less ?an movem5t4 ,9 ?is way ! true philosophical me?od1 :i* is ! inv]se ( ! common me?od1 consi/s 9 tak+ up a position f ! v outset 9 ! bosom ( becom+1 9 adopt+ its *ang+ curves & v>iable t5sion1 9 sympa?is+ ) ! rhy?m ( its g5esis1 9 p]ceiv+ all exi/5ce f )91 z a gr[?1 9 foll[+ x 9 its inn] g5]ation2 9 %ort1 9 promot+ movem5t to fundam5tal reality1 &1 inv]sely1 9 degrad+ fix$ /ates to ! rank ( second>y & d]iv$ reality4 ,& ?us1 to come back to ! example ( ! human p]sonality1 ! philosoph] mu/ seek 9 ! ego n s mu* a ready-made unity or multiplicity z1 if ,i may v5ture ! expression1 two antagoni/ic & correlative movem5ts ( unification & plurification4 ,!re is !n a radical diff]5ce betwe5 philosophic intuition & conceptual analysis4 ,! latt] delights 9 ! play ( dialectic1 9 f\nta9s ( k1 :]e x is int]e/$ only 9 ! immovable bas9s2 ! =m] goes back to ! s\rce ( ! concepts1 & seeks to possess x :]e x gu%es out4 ,analysis cuts ! *annels2 intuition supplies ! wat]4 ,intuition acquires & analysis exp5ds4 ,x is n a "q ( bann+ analysis2 sci5ce c\ld n d )\t x1 & philosophy c\ld n d )\t sci5ce4 ,b we mu/ res]ve = x its normal place & its j task4 ,concepts are ! deposit$ s$im5t ( intuition3 intuition produces ! concepts1 n ! concepts intuition4 ,f ! he>t ( intuition y w h no difficulty 9 see+ h[ x splits up & analyses into concepts1 concepts ( su* & su* a k9d or su* & su* a %ade4 ,b by successive analyses y w nev] recon/ruct ! lea/ intuition1 j z1 no matt] h[ y di/ribute wat]1 y w nev] recon/ruct ! res]voir 9 its orig9al condition4 ,beg9 f intuition3 x is a summit f :i* we c desc5d by inf9ite slopes2 x is a picture :i* we c place 9 an inf9ite numb] ( frames4 ,b all ! frames toge!r w n recompose ! picture1 & ! l[] ends ( all ! slopes w n expla9 h[ !y meet at ! summit4 ,intuition is a necess>y beg9n+2 x is ! impulse :i* sets ! analysis 9 motion1 & gives x direction2 x is ! s\nd+ :i* br+s x to solid bottom2 ! s\l :i* assures its unity4 ,i %all nev] und]/& h[ black & :ite int]p5etrate1 if ,i h n se5 grey1 b ,i und]/& )\t tr\ble1 aft] once see+ grey1 h[ we c reg>d x f ! d\ble po9t ( view ( black & :ite4 7,introduction to ,metaphysics47 ,"h are "s lett]s :i* y c arrange 9 *a9s 9 a ?\s& ways3 ! indivisible s5se runn+ along ! *a91 & mak+ "o phrase ( x1 is ! orig9al cause ( ! writ+1 n its consequ5ce4 ,?us x is ) intuition 9 relation to analysis4 ,b beg9n+s & g5]ative activities are ! prop] object ( ! philosoph]4 ,?us ! conv]sion & re=m incumb5t on him consi/ ess5tially 9 a transition f ! analytic to ! intuitive po9t ( view4 ,! result is t ! *os5 in/rum5t ( philosophic ?\ght is metaphor2 & ( metaphor we "k ,mr ,b]gson to be an incomp>able ma/]4 ,:at we h to d1 he says himself1 is to elicit a c]ta9 active =ce :i* 9 mo/ m5 is liable to be trammell$ by m5tal habits m useful to life1 to awak5 9 !m ! feel+ ( ! imm$iate1 orig9al1 & concrete4 ,b _m diff]5t images1 borr[$ f v diff]5t ord]s ( ?+s1 c1 by _! conv]g5t action1 direct consci\sness to ! precise po9t :]e !re is a c]ta9 intuition to be seiz$4 ,by *oos+ images z unlike z possible1 we prev5t any "o ( !m f usurp+ ! place ( ! intuition x is int5d$ to call up1 s9ce x w\ld 9 t case be imm$iately r\t$ by its rivals4 ,9 mak+ !m all1 despite _! diff]5t aspects1 dem& ( our m9d ! same k9d ( att5tion1 & 9 "s way ! same degree ( t5sion1 we accu/om our consci\sness little by little to a q peculi> & well-det]m9$ disposition1 precisely ! "o :i* x ought to adopt to appe> to itself unmask$4 7,introduction to ,metaphysics47 ,/rictly speak+1 ! intuition ( imm$iacy is inexpressible4 ,b x c be sugge/$ & call$ up4 ,h[8 ,by r++ x r\nd ) concurr5t metaphors4 ,our aim is to modify ! habits ( imag9ation 9 ourselves :i* are oppos$ to a simple & direct view1 to break ?r\gh ! me*anical imag]y 9 :i* we h all[$ ourselves to be caught2 & x is by awak5+ o!r imag]y & o!r habits t we c succe$ 9 s do+4 ,b !n1 y w say1 :]e is ! diff]5ce betwe5 philosophy & art1 betwe5 metaphysical & ae/hetic intuition8 ,art also t5ds to reveal nature to u1 to sugge/ to u a direct vision ( x1 to lift ! veil ( illusion :i* hides u f ourselves2 & ae/hetic intuition is1 9 its own way1 p]ception ( imm$iacy4 ,we revive ! feel+ ( reality oblit]at$ by habit1 we summon ! deep & p5etrat+ s\l ( ?+s3 ! object is ! same 9 bo? cases2 & ! means are also ! same2 images & metaphors4 ,is ,mr ,b]gson only a poet1 & does 8 "w am\nt to no?+ b ! introduction ( impressionism 9 metaphysics8 ,x is an old objection4 ,if ! tru? be told1 ,mr ,b]gson's imm5se sci5tific k %\ld be suffici5t refutation4 ,only ^? :o h n read ! mass ( c>efully prov$ & positive discussions c\ld give way ?us to ! impressions ( art awak5$ by :at is truly a magic /yle4 ,b we c g fur!r & put x bett]4 ,t !re are analogies betwe5 philosophy & art1 betwe5 metaphysical & ae/hetic intuition1 is unque/ionable & unconte/$4 ,at ! same "t1 ! analogies mu/ n be all[$ to hide ! diff]5ces4 ,art is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 philosophy previ\s to analysis1 previ\s to criticism & sci5ce2 ! ae/hetic intuition is metaphysical intuition 9 process ( bir?1 b\nd$ by dream1 n proce$+ to ! te/ ( positive v]ification4 ,reciprocally1 philosophy is ! art :i* foll[s ^u sci5ce1 & takes acc\nt ( x1 ! art :i* uses ! results ( analysis z its mat]ial1 & submits itself to ! dem&s ( /]n criticism2 metaphysical intuition is ! ae/hetic intuition v]ifi$1 sy/ematis$1 balla/$ by ! language ( reason4 ,philosophy !n diff]s f art 9 two ess5tial po9ts3 fir/ ( all1 x re/s ^u1 envelops1 & supposes sci5ce2 secondly1 x implies a te/ ( v]ification 9 its /rict mean+4 ,in/ead ( /opp+ at ! acts ( common-s5se1 x completes !m ) all ! contributions ( analysis & sci5tific inve/igation4 ,we said j n[ ( common-s5se t1 9 its inmo/ dep?s1 x possesses reality3 t is only q exact :5 we mean common-s5se develop$ 9 positive sci5ce2 & t is :y philosophy takes ! results ( sci5ce z its basis1 = ea* ( ^! results1 l ! facts & data ( common p]ception1 op5s a way = critical p5etration t[>ds ! imm$iate4 ,j n[ ,i 0 comp>+ ! two k9ds ( k :i* ! !ori/ & ! eng9e] c h ( a ma*9e1 & ,i all[$ ! advantage ( absolute k to practical exp]i5ce1 :il/ !ory seem$ to me ma9ly relative to ! con/ructive indu/ry4 ,t is true1 & ,i d n g back ^u x4 ,b ! mo/ exp]i5c$ eng9e]1 :o did n "k ! me*anism ( 8 ma*9e1 :o possess$ only unanalys$ feel+s ab\t x1 w\ld h only an arti/'s1 n a philosoph]'s k4 ,= absolute intuition1 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 we mu/ h integral exp]i5ce2 t is to say1 a liv+ application ( rational !ory no less ?an ( work+ te*nique4 ,to j\rney t[>ds liv+ intuition1 />t+ f complete sci5ce & complete s5sation1 is ! philosoph]'s task2 & ?is task is gov]n$ by /&>ds unkn[n to art4 ,metaphysical intuition (f]s a victori\s resi/ance to ! te/ ( ?or\gh & cont9u$ exp]im5t1 to ! te/ ( calculation z to t ( work+1 to ! complete exp]im5t :i* br+s into play all ! v>i\s deoxidis+ ag5ts ( criticism2 x %[s itself capable ( )/&+ analysis )\t dissolv+ or succumb+2 x ab\nds 9 concepts :i* satisfy ! und]/&+1 & exalt x2 9 a ^w1 x creates light & tru? on all m5tal planes2 & ^! *>act]i/ics are suffici5t to di/+ui% x 9 a pr(\nd degree f ae/hetic intuition4 ,! latt] is only ! prophetic type ( ! =m]1 a dream or pres5tim5t1 a veil$ & /ill unc]ta9 dawn1 a twilight my? prec$+ & proclaim+1 9 ! half-d>kness1 ! full day ( positive revelation444 ,e philosophy has two faces1 & mu/ be /udi$ 9 two movem5ts--me?od & tea*+4 ,^! are its two mom5ts1 its two aspects1 no d\bt co-ord9ate & mutually dep5d5t1 b none ! less di/9ct4 ,we h j exam9$ ! me?od ( ! new philosophy inaugurat$ by ,mr ,b]gson4 ,to :at tea*+ has ?is me?od l$ u1 & to :at c we =esee t x w lead u8 ,?is is :at we h /ill to f9d4 ,,ii4 ,tea*+4 ,! sci5ces prop]ly s call$1 ^? t are by agreem5t t]m$ positive1 pres5t !mselves z s _m ext]nal & circumf]5tial po9ts f :i* we view reality4 ,!y leave u on ! outside ( ?+s1 & conf9e !mselves to inve/igat+ f a di/ance4 ,! views !y give u resemble ! brief p]spectives ( a t[n :i* we obta9 9 look+ at x f diff]5t angles on ! surr\nd+ hills4 ,less ev5 ?an t3 = v soon1 by increas+ ab/raction1 ! col\r$ views give place to regul> l9es1 & ev5 to simple conv5tional notes1 :i* are m practical 9 use & wa/e less "t4 ,& s ! sci5ces rema9 prison]s ( ! symbol1 & all ! inevitable relativity involv$ 9 its use4 ,b philosophy claims to pi]ce )9 reality1 e/abli% itself 9 ! object1 foll[ its ?\s& turns & folds1 obta9 f x a direct & imm$iate feel+1 & p5etrate "r into ! concrete dep?s ( its he>t2 x is n cont5t ) an analysis1 b dem&s an intuition4 ,n[ !re is "o exi/5ce :i*1 at ! outset1 we "k bett] & m surely ?an any o!r2 !re is a privileg$ case 9 :i* ! ef=t ( sympa!tic revelation is natural & almo/ easy to u2 !re is "o reality at lea/ :i* we grasp f )91 :i* we p]ceive 9 its deep & int]nal cont5t4 ,?is reality is ourselves4 ,x is typical ( all reality1 & our /udy may fitly beg9 "h4 ,psy*ology puts u 9 direct contact ) x1 & metaphysics attempt to g5]alise ?is contact4 ,b su* a g5]alisation c only be attempt$ if1 to beg9 )1 we are famili> ) reality at ! po9t :]e we h imm$iate access to x4 ,! pa? ( ?\ght :i* ! philosoph] mu/ take is f ! inn] to ! out] be+4 ,i4 ,"k ?yself3 ! old maxim has rema9$ ! motto ( philosophy s9ce ,socrates1 ! motto at lea/ :i* m>ks its initial mom5t1 :51 incl9+ t[>ds ! dep? ( ! subject1 x comm5ces its true "w ( p5etration1 :il/ sci5ce cont9ues to ext5d on ! surface4 ,ea* philosophy 9 turn has comm5t$ ^u & appli$ ?is old motto4 ,b ,mr ,b]gson1 m ?an anyone else1 has giv5 x1 z he does ev]y?+ else he takes up1 a new & pr(\nd mean+4 ,:at 0 ! curr5t int]pretation be=e him8 ,speak+ only ( ! la/ c5tury1 we may say t1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,kant1 criticism _h till n[ be5 pr9cipally engag$ 9 unravell+ ! contribution ( ! subject 9 ! act ( consci\sness1 9 e/abli%+ our p]ception ( ?+s ?r\gh c]ta9 repres5tative =ms borr[$ f our own con/itution4 ,su* 01 ev5 ye/]day1 ! au!nticat$ way ( reg>d+ ! problem4 ,& x is precisely ?is attitude :i* ,mr ,b]gson1 by a volte-face :i* w rema9 famili> to him 9 ! c\rse ( 8 rese>*es1 rev]ses f ! outset4 ,x has appe>$ to me1 says he1 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data ( ,consci\sness1 ,conclusion47 t !re 0 gr\nd = sett+ oneself ! inv]se problem1 & ask+ :e!r ! mo/ app>5t /ates ( ! ego itself1 :i* we ?9k we grasp directly1 are n mo/ ( ! "t p]ceiv$ ?r\gh c]ta9 =ms borr[$ f ! out] _w1 :i* 9 ?is way gives u back :at we h l5t x4 ,a priori1 x seems fairly probable t ?is is :at goes on4 ,= suppos+ t ! =ms ( :i* we are speak+1 to :i* we adapt matt]1 come entirely f ! m9d1 x seems difficult to apply !m con/antly to objects )\t soon produc+ ! col\r+ ( ! objects 9 ! =ms2 !re=e 9 us+ ^! =ms = ! k ( our own p]sonality1 we risk tak+ a reflection ( ! frame 9 :i* we place !m--t is1 actually1 ! ext]nal _w--= ! v col\r+ ( ! ego4 ,b we c g fur!r1 & /ate t =ms applicable to ?+s _c be entirely our own "w2 t !y mu/ result f a compromise betwe5 matt] & m9d2 t if we give mu* to ?is matt]1 we d\btless receive some?+ f x2 & t1 9 ?is way1 :5 we try to possess ourselves aga9 aft] an excursion into ! out] _w1 we no long] h our h&s free4 ,to avoid su* a consequ5ce1 !re is1 we mu/ admit1 a conceivable loophole4 ,x consi/s 9 ma9ta9+ on pr9ciple an absolute analogy1 an exact similitude betwe5 int]nal reality & ext]nal objects4 ,! =ms :i* suit ! "o w\ld !n also suit ! o!r4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t su* a pr9ciple con/itutes 9 ! highe/ degree a metaphysical !sis :i* x w\ld be on all h&s illegal to ass]t previ\sly z a po/ulate ( me?od4 ,secondly1 & above all1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t on ?is head exp]i5ce is decisive1 & manife/s m pla9ly e day ! failure ( ! !ories :i* try to assimilate ! _w ( consci\sness to t ( matt]1 to copy psy*ology f physics4 ,we h "h two diff]5t ord]s4 ,! app>atus ( ! fir/ does n admit ( be+ employ$ 9 ! second4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( ! attitude adopt$ by ,mr ,b]gson4 ,we h an ef=t to make1 a "w ( re=m to und]take1 to lift ! veil ( symbols :i* envelops our usual repres5tation ( ! ego1 & ?us conceals u f our own view1 9 ord] to f9d out :at we are 9 reality1 imm$iately1 9 our inmo/ selves4 ,?is ef=t & ?is "w are necess>y1 because1 9 ord] to contemplate ! ego 9 its orig9al purity1 psy*ology mu/ elim9ate or correct c]ta9 =ms :i* be> ! visible m>k ( ! out] _w4 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data ( ,consci\sness1 ,conclusion47 ,:at are ^! =ms8 ,let u conf9e ourselves to ! mo/ important4 ,?+s appe> to u z num]able units1 plac$ side by side 9 space4 ,!y compose num]ical & spatial multiplicity1 a du/ ( t]ms betwe5 :i* geometrical ties are e/abli%$4 ,b space & numb] are ! two =ms ( immobility1 ! two s*emes ( analysis1 by :i* we mu/ n let ourselves be obsess$4 ,i d n say t !re is no place to give !m1 ev5 9 ! int]nal _w4 ,b ! m deeply we ent] into ! he>t ( psy*ological life1 ! less !y are 9 place4 ,! fact is1 !re are sev]al planes ( consci\sness1 situat$ at diff]5t dep?s1 m>k+ all ! int]v5+ degrees betwe5 pure ?\ght & bodily action1 & ea* m5tal ph5om5on int]e/s all ^! planes simultane\sly1 & is ?us repeat$ 9 a ?\s& high] tones1 l ! h>monies ( "o & ! same note4 ,or1 if y pref] x1 ! life ( ! _s is n ! uni=m transp>5t surface ( a m]e2 r x is a gu%+ spr+ :i*1 at fir/ p5t 91 spreads upw>ds & outw>ds1 l a %eaf ( corn1 pass+ ?r\gh _m diff]5t /ates1 f ! d>k & conc5trat$ well+ ( ! s\rce to ! gleam ( ! scatt]$ tumbl+ spray2 & ea* ( its moods pres5ts 9 its turn a simil> "*1 be+ itself only a ?read )9 ! :ole4 ,su* )\t d\bt is ! c5tral & activat+ idea ( ! admirable book entitl$ ,matt] & ,memory4 ,i _c possibly cond5se its sub/ance "h1 or convey its a/oni%+ syn!tic p[]1 :i* succe$s 9 contract+ a complete metaphysic1 & 9 gripp+ x s firmly t ! exam9ation ends by pass+ to ! discussion ( a few humble facts relative to ! philosophy ( ! bra96 ,b its te*nical sev]ity & its v concis5ess1 comb9$ ) ! weal? x conta9s1 r5d] x irresumable2 & ,i c only 9 a few words indicate its conclusions4 ,fir/ ( all1 h[ev] little we pride ourselves on positive me?od1 we mu/ admit ! exi/5ce ( an int]nal _w1 ( a spiritual activity di/9ct f matt] & its me*anism4 ,no *emi/ry ( ! bra91 no dance ( atoms1 is equival5t to ! lea/ ?\ght1 or inde$ to ! lea/ s5sation4 ,"s1 x is true1 h br\ght =w>d a !sis ( p>allelism1 accord+ to :i* ea* m5tal ph5om5on corresponds po9t by po9t to a ph5om5on 9 ! bra91 )\t add+ any?+ to x1 )\t influ5c+ its c\rse1 m]ely translat+ x into ano!r tongue1 s t a glance suffici5tly p5etrat+ to foll[ ! molecul> revolutions & ! fluxes ( n]v\s production 9 _! lea/ episodes w\ld imm$iately read ! inmo/ secrets ( ! associat$ consci\sness4 ,b no "o w d5y t a !sis ( ?is k9d is only 9 reality a hypo!sis1 t x goes enorm\sly beyond ! c]ta9 data ( curr5t biology1 & t x c only be =mulat$ by anticipat+ future discov]ies 9 a preconceiv$ direction4 ,let u be c&id3 x is n really a !sis ( positive sci5ce1 b a metaphysical !sis 9 ! unpleasant mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,tak+ x at its be/1 its wor? today c\ld only be "o ( intelligibl5ess4 ,& intelligible x is n4 ,h[ are we to und]/& a consci\sness de/itute ( activity & consequ5tly )\t connection ) reality1 a k9d ( phosphoresc5ce :i* emphasises ! l9es ( vibration 9 ! bra91 & r5d]s 9 miracul\s duplicate1 by its my/]i\s & useless light1 c]ta9 ph5om5a already complete )\t x8 ,"o day ,mr ,b]gson came d[n into ! ar5a ( dialectic1 &1 talk+ to 8 oppon5ts 9 _! own language1 pull$ _! psy*o-physiological p>alogism to pieces be=e _! eyes2 x is only by conf\nd+ 9 "o & ! same argum5t two sy/ems ( incompatible notations1 idealism & realism1 t we succe$ 9 enunciat+ ! p>alleli/ !sis4 ,?is reason+ w5t home1 all ! m z x 0 adapt$ to ! usual =m ( discussions betwe5 philosoph]s4 ,b a m positive & m categorical pro( is to be f\nd all ?r\gh ,matt] & ,memory4 ,f ! precise example ( recollection analys$ to its l[e/ dep?s1 ,mr ,b]gson completely grasps & measures ! div]g5ce betwe5 s\l & body1 betwe5 m9d & matt]4 ,!n1 putt+ into practice :at he said else:]e ab\t ! creation ( new concepts1 he arrives at ! conclusion--^! are 8 own expressions--t betwe5 ! psy*ological fact & its c\nt]p>t 9 ! bra9 !re mu/ be a relation sui g5]is1 :i* is nei!r ! det]m9ation ( ! "o by ! o!r1 nor _! reciprocal indep5d5ce1 nor ! production ( ! latt] by ! =m]1 nor ( ! =m] by ! latt]1 nor _! simple p>allel concomitance2 9 %ort1 a relation :i* answ]s to none ( ! ready-made concepts :i* ab/raction puts at our s]vice1 b :i* may be approximately =mulat$ 9 ^! t]ms3 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,giv5 a psy*ological /ate1 t "p ( ! /ate :i* admits ( play1 ! "p :i* w\ld be translat$ by an attitude ( ! body or by bodily actions1 is repres5t$ 9 ! bra92 ! rema9d] is indep5d5t ( x1 & has no equival5t 9 ! bra94 ,s t to "o & ! same /ate ( ! bra9 !re may be _m diff]5t psy*ological /ates :i* correspond1 ?\gh n all k9ds ( /ates4 ,!y are psy*ological /ates :i* all h 9 common ! same motor s*eme4 ,into "o & ! same frame _m pictures may g1 b n all pictures4 ,let u take a l(ty ab/ract philosophical ?\ght4 ,we d n conceive x )\t add+ to x an image repres5t+ x1 :i* we place b5ea?4 ,we d n repres5t ! image to ourselves1 aga91 )\t support+ x by a design :i* resumes its lead+ features4 ,we d n imag9e ?is design itself )\t imag9+ &1 9 s do+1 sket*+ c]ta9 movem5ts :i* w\ld reproduce x4 ,x is ?is sket*1 & ?is sket* only1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! bra94 ,frame ! sket*1 !re is a m>g9 = ! image4 ,frame ! image aga91 !re rema9s a m>g91 & a /ill l>g] m>g91 = ! ?\ght4 ,! ?\ght is ?us relatively free & indet]m9ate 9 relation to ! activity :i* conditions x 9 ! bra91 = ?is activity expresses only ! motive articulation ( ! idea1 & ! articulation may be ! same = ideas absolutely diff]5t4 ,& yet x is n complete lib]ty nor absolute indet]m9ation1 s9ce any k9d ( idea1 tak5 at haz>d1 w\ld n pres5t ! articulation desir$4 ,9 %ort1 none ( ! simple concepts furni%$ u by philosophy c\ld express ! relation we seek1 b ?is relation appe>s ) tol]able cle>ness to result f exp]im5t4 ,! same analysis ( facts tells u h[ ! planes ( consci\sness1 ( :i* ,i spoke j n[1 are arrang$1 ! law by :i* !y are di/ribut$1 & ! mean+ :i* atta*es to _! disposition4 ,let u neglect ! int]v5+ multiples1 & look only at ! extreme poles ( ! s]ies4 ,we are incl9$ to imag9e too abrupt a sev]ance betwe5 ge/ure & dream1 betwe5 action & ?\ght1 betwe5 body & m9d4 ,!re are n two plane surfaces1 )\t ?ickness or transition1 plac$ "o above ! o!r on diff]5t levels2 x is by an imp]ceptible degradation ( increas+ dep?1 & decreas+ mat]iality1 t we pass f "o t]m to ! o!r4 ,& ! *>act]i/ics are cont9ually *ang+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! transition4 ,?us our initial problem confronts u aga91 m acutely ?an ev]3 are ! =ms ( numb] & space equally suitable on all planes ( consci\sness8 ,let u consid] ! mo/ ext]nal ( ^! planes ( life1 & "o :i* is 9 contact ) ! out] _w1 ! "o :i* receives directly ! impressions ( ext]nal reality4 ,we live z a rule on ! surface ( ourselves1 9 ! num]ical & spatial disp]sion ( language & ge/ure4 ,our deep] ego is cov]$ z x 7 ) a t\gh cru/1 h>d5$ 9 action3 x is a ske9 ( motionless & num]able habits1 side by side1 & ( di/9ct & solid ?+s1 ) %>p outl9es & me*anical relations4 ,& x is = ! repres5tation ( ! ph5om5a :i* occur )9 ?is dead r9d t space & numb] are valid4 ,= we h to live1 ,i mean live our common daily life1 ) our body1 ) our cu/om>y me*anism r ?an ) our true dep?s4 ,our att5tion is !re=e mo/ (t5 direct$ by a natural incl9ation to ! practical wor? & useful function ( our int]nal /ates1 to ! public object ( :i* !y are ! sign1 to ! effect !y produce ext]nally1 to ! ge/ures by :i* we express !m 9 space4 ,a social av]age ( individual modalities int]e/s u m ?an ! incommunicable orig9ality ( our deep] life4 ,! words ( language besides (f] u s _m symbolic c5tres r\nd :i* cry/allise gr\ps ( motor me*anisms set up by habit1 ! only usual elem5ts ( our int]nal det]m9ations4 ,n[1 contact ) society has r5d]$ ^! motor me*anisms practically id5tical 9 all m54 ,h5ce1 :e!r x be a "q ( s5sation1 feel+1 or ideas1 we h ^! neutral dry & col\rless residua1 :i* spread lifeless ov] ! surface ( ourselves1 l dead leaves on ! wat] ( a pond4 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data1 page #ajb47 ,?us ! progress we h liv$ falls into ! rank ( a ?+ t c be h&l$4 ,space & numb] lay hold ( x4 ,& soon all t rema9s ( :at 0 movem5t & life is comb9ations =m$ & annull$1 & =ces me*anically compos$ 9 a :ole ( juxtapos$ atoms1 & to repres5t ?is :ole a collection ( petrifi$ concepts1 manipulat$ 9 dialectic l c\nt]s4 ,q diff]5t appe>s ! true inn] reality1 & q diff]5t are its pr(\nd *>act]i/ics4 ,to beg9 )1 x conta9s no?+ quantitative2 ! int5sity ( a psy*ological /ate is n a magnitude1 nor c x be measur$4 ,! ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data ( ,consci\sness beg9s ) ! pro( ( ?is lead+ /atem5t4 ,if x is a "q ( a simple /ate1 su* z a s5sation ( light or weight1 ! int5sity is measur$ by a c]ta9 quality ( %ade :i* indicates to u approximately1 by an association ( ideas & ?anks to our acquir$ exp]i5ce1 ! magnitude ( ! objective cause f :i* x proce$s4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 x is a "q ( a complex /ate1 su* z ^? impressions ( pr(\nd joy or sorr[ :i* lay hold ( u entirely1 invad+ & ov]:elm+ u1 :at we call _! int5sity expresses only ! confus$ feel+ ( a qualitative progress1 & increas+ weal?4 ,take1 = example1 an obscure desire1 :i* has gradually become a pr(\nd passion4 ,y w see t ! feeble int5sity ( ?is desire consi/$ fir/ ( all 9 ! fact t x seem$ to y isolat$ & 9 a way =eign to all ! re/ ( y\r inn] life4 ,b little by little x p5etrat$ a l>g] numb] ( psy*ic elem5ts1 dye+ !m1 s to speak1 its own col\r2 & n[ y f9d y\r po9t ( view on ?+s z a :ole appe>s to y to h *ang$4 ,is x n true t y become aw>e ( a pr(\nd passion1 once x has tak5 root1 by ! fact t ! same objects no long] produce ! same impression ^u y8 ,all y\r s5sations1 all y\r ideas1 appe> to y refre%$ by x2 x is l a new *ildhood4 7,loc4 cit41 page #f47 ,!re is "h none ( ! homog5eity :i* is ! prop]ty ( magnitude1 & ! necess>y condition ( measurem5t1 giv+ a view ( ! less 9 ! bosom ( ! m4 ,! elem5t ( numb] has vani%$1 & ) x num]ical multiplicity ext5d$ 9 space4 ,our inn] /ates =m a qualitative cont9uity2 !y are prolong$ & bl5d$ into "o ano!r2 !y are gr\p$ 9 h>monies1 ea* note ( :i* conta9s an e*o ( ! :ole2 !y are encircl$ by an innum]able degradation ( halos1 :i* gradually col\r ! total cont5t ( consci\sness2 !y live ea* 9 ! bosom ( 8 fell[4 ,i am ! sc5t ( roses1 7 ! words ,condillac put 9 ! m\? ( 8 /atue2 & ^! words translate ! imm$iate tru? exactly1 z soon z obs]vation becomes naive & simple en\gh to atta9 pure fact4 ,9 a pass+ brea? ,i brea! my *ildhood2 9 ! ru/le ( leaves1 9 a ray ( moonlight1 ,i f9d an inf9ite s]ies ( reflections & dreams4 ,a ?\ght1 a feel+1 an act1 may reveal a complete s\l4 ,my ideas1 my s5sations1 are l me4 ,h[ w\ld su* facts be possible1 if ! multiple unity ( ! ego did n pres5t ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( vibrat+ 9 its entirety 9 ! dep?s ( ea* ( ! p>ts descri$ or r det]m9$ 9 x by analysis8 ,all physical det]m9ations envelop & imply ea* o!r reciprocally4 ,& ! fact t ! s\l is ?us pres5t 9 its entirety 9 ea* ( its acts1 its feel+s1 = example1 or its ideas 9 its s5sations1 its recollections 9 its p]cepts1 its incl9ations 9 its obvi\s /ates1 is ! ju/ify+ pr9ciple ( metaphors1 ! s\rce ( all poetry1 ! tru? :i* mod]n philosophy proclaims ) m =ce e day "u ! "n ( imman5ce ( ?\ght1 ! fact :i* expla9s our moral responsibility ) reg>d to our affections & our beliefs !mselves2 & f9ally1 x is ! be/ ( u1 s9ce x is ?is :i* ensures our be+ able to surr5d] ourselves1 g5u9ely & unres]v$ly1 & ?is :i* con/itutes ! real unity ( our p]son4 ,let u pu% /ill fur!r into ! hidd5 retreat ( ! s\l4 ,"h we are 9 ^! regions ( twilight & dream1 :]e our ego takes %ape1 :]e ! spr+ )9 u gu%es up1 9 ! w>m secrecy ( ! d>kness :i* u%]s our trembl+ be+ into bir?4 ,di/9ctions fail u4 ,words are useless n[4 ,we he> ! wells ( consci\sness at _! my/]i\s task l an invisible %iv] ( runn+ wat] ?r\gh ! mossy %ad[ ( ! caves4 ,i dissolve 9 ! joy ( becom+4 ,i ab&on myself to ! delight ( be+ a puls+ reality4 ,i no long] "k :e!r ,i see sc5ts1 brea! s\nds1 or smell col\rs4 ,d ,i love8 ,d ,i ?9k8 ,! "q has no long] a mean+ = me4 ,i am1 9 my complete self1 ea* ( my attitudes1 ea* ( my *anges4 ,x is n my sight :i* is indi/9ct or my att5tion :i* is idle4 ,x is ,i :o h resum$ contact ) pure reality1 ^: ess5tial movem5t admits no =m ( numb]4 ,he :o ?us makes ! really deep & inn] ef=t necess>y to becom+--7 x only = an elusive mom5t--discov]s1 "u ! simple/ appe>ance1 inexhau/ible s\rces ( unsuspect$ weal?2 ! rhy?m ( 8 duration becomes amplifi$ & ref9$2 8 acts become m consci\s2 & 9 :at seem$ to him at fir/ sudd5 sev]ance or in/antane\s pulsation he discov]s complex transitions imp]ceptibly %ad$ (f1 musical transitions full ( unexpect$ repetitions & ?read$ movem5ts4 ,?us1 ! deep] we g 9 consci\sness1 ! less suitable become ^! s*emes ( sep>ation & fixity exi/+ 9 spatial & num]ical =ms4 ,! inn] _w is t ( pure quality4 ,!re is no measurable homog5eity1 no collection ( atomically con/ruct$ elem5ts4 ,! ph5om5a di/+ui%$ 9 x by analysis are n compos+ units1 b phases4 ,& x is only :5 !y rea* ! surface1 :5 !y come 9 contact ) ! ext]nal _w1 :5 !y are inc>nat$ 9 language or ge/ure1 t ! categories ( matt] become adapt$ to !m4 ,9 its true nature1 reality appe>s z an un9t]rupt$ fl[1 an impalpable %iv] ( fluid *ang+ tones1 a p]petual flux ( waves :i* ebb & break & dissolve into "o ano!r )\t %ock or j>4 ,ev]y?+ is ceaseless *ange2 & ! /ate :i* appe>s ! mo/ /able is already *ange1 s9ce x cont9ues & gr[s old4 ,con/ant quantities are repres5t$ only by ! mat]ialisation ( habit or by means ( practical symbols4 ,& x is on ?is po9t t ,mr ,b]gson rightly insi/s4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #c47 ,! app>5t discont9uity ( psy*ological life is due1 !n1 to ! fact t our att5tion is conc5trat$ on x 9 a s]ies ( discont9u\s acts2 :]e !re is only a g5tle slope1 we ?9k we see1 :5 we foll[ ! brok5 l9e ( our att5tion1 ! /eps ( a /aircase4 ,x is true t our psy*ological life is full ( surprises4 ,a ?\s& incid5ts arise :i* seem to contra/ ) :at prec$es !m1 & n to be connect$ ) :at foll[s4 ,b ! gap 9 _! appe>ances /&s out aga9/ ! cont9u\s backgr\nd on :i* !y are repres5t$1 & to :i* !y owe ! v int]vals t sep>ate !m2 !y are ! drumbeats :i* break into ! symphony at int]vals4 ,our att5tion is fix$ ^u !m because !y int]e/ x m1 b ea* ( !m proce$s f ! fluid mass ( our entire psy*ological exi/5ce4 ,ea* ( !m is only ! brighte/ po9t 9 a mov+ zone :i* und]/&s all t we feel1 ?9k1 wi%2 9 fact1 all t we are at a giv5 mom5t4 ,x is ?is zone :i* really con/itutes our /ate4 ,b we may obs]ve t /ates def9$ 9 ?is way are n di/9ct elem5ts4 ,!y are an endless /ream ( mutual cont9uity4 ,& d n ?9k t p]haps su* a description repres5ts only or pr9cipally our life ( feel+4 ,reason & ?\ght %>e ! same *>act]i/ic1 z soon z we p5etrate _! liv+ dep?1 :e!r x be a "q ( creative inv5tion or ( ^? primordial judgm5ts :i* direct our activity4 ,if !y evid5ce great] /ability1 x is 9 p]man5ce ( direction1 because our pa/ rema9s pres5t to u4 ,= we are end[$ ) memory1 & t p]haps is1 on ! :ole1 our mo/ pr(\nd *>act]i/ic4 ,x is by memory we enl>ge ourselves & draw cont9ually ^u ! weal? ( our treasuries4 ,h5ce comes ! completely orig9al nature ( ! *ange :i* con/itutes u4 ,b x is "h t we mu/ %ake (f famili> repres5tations6 ,common-s5se _c ?9k 9 t]ms ( movem5t4 ,x =ges a /atic conception ( x1 & de/roys x by arre/+ x "u pretext ( see+ x bett]4 ,to def9e movem5t z a s]ies ( positions1 ) a g5]at+ law1 ) a "t-table or correspond5ce %eet betwe5 places & times1 is surely a ready-made pres5tation4 ,are we n confus+ ! trajectory & its p]=mance1 ! po9ts trav]s$ & ! trav]s+ ( ! po9ts1 ! result ( ! g5esis ( ! result2 9 %ort1 ! quantitative di/ance ov] :i* ! flight ext5ds1 & ! qualitative flight :i* puts ?is di/ance beh9d x8 ,9 ?is way ! v mobility :i* is ! ess5ce ( movem5t vani%es4 ,!re is ! same common mi/ake ab\t "t4 ,analytic & syn!tic ?\ght c see 9 "t only a /r+ ( co9cid5ces1 ea* ( !m in/antane\s1 a logical s]ies ( relations4 ,x imag9es ! :ole ( x to be a graduat$ slide-rule1 9 :i* ! lum9\s po9t call$ ! pres5t is ! geometrical index4 ,?us x gives =m to "t 9 space1 a k9d ( f\r? dim5sion1 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data47 or at lea/ x r$uces x to no?+ m ?an an ab/ract s*eme ( succession1 a /ream )\t bottom or sides1 fl[+ )\t det]m9able /r5g?1 9 an indef9able direction4 7,introduction to ,metaphysics47 ,x requires "t to be homog5e\s1 & e homog5e\s m$ium is space1 = z homog5eity consi/s "h 9 ! abs5ce ( any quality1 x is n cle> h[ two =ms ( homog5eity c\ld be di/+ui%$ "o f ! o!r4 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data1 page #gd47 ,q diff]5t appe>s real duration1 ! duration :i* is liv$4 ,x is pure het]og5eity4 ,x conta9s a ?\s& diff]5t degrees ( t5sion or relaxation1 & its rhy?m v>ies )\t end4 ,! magic sil5ce ( calm nights or ! wild disord] ( a tempe/1 ! /ill joy ( ec/asy or ! tumult ( passion un*a9$1 a /eep climb t[>ds a difficult tru? or a g5tle desc5t f a lum9\s pr9ciple to consequ5ces :i* easily foll[1 a moral crisis or a %oot+ pa91 call up intuitions admitt+ no comp>ison ) "o ano!r4 ,we h "h no s]ies ( mom5ts1 b prolong$ & int]p5etrat+ phases2 _! sequ5ce is n a sub/itution ( "o po9t = ano!r1 b r resembles a musical resolution ( h>mony into h>mony4 ,& ( ?is ev]-new melody :i* con/itutes our inn] life e mom5t conta9s a resonance or an e*o ( pa/ mom5ts4 ,:at are we really1 :at is our "*1 except ! cond5sation ( ! hi/ory :i* we h liv$ s9ce our bir?1 ev5 be=e our bir?1 s9ce we br+ ) u our pr5atal dispositions8 ,)\t d\bt we ?9k only ) a small "p ( our pa/2 b x is ) our complete pa/1 includ+ our orig9al bias ( s\l1 t we desire1 wi%1 & act4 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #e-f47 ,?is is :at makes our duration irrev]sible1 & its novelty p]petual1 = ea* ( ! /ates ?r\gh :i* x passes envelops ! recollection ( all pa/ /ates4 ,& ?us we see1 9 ! end1 h[1 = a be+ end[$ ) memory1 exi/5ce consi/s 9 *ange1 *ange 9 rip5+1 rip5+ 9 endless self-creation4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #h47 ,) ?is =mula we face ! capital problem 9 :i* psy*ology & metaphysics meet1 t ( lib]ty4 ,! solution giv5 by ,mr ,b]gson m>ks "o ( ! culm9at+ po9ts ( 8 philosophy4 ,x is f ?is summit t he f9ds light ?r[n on ! riddle ( inn] be+4 ,& x is ! c5tre :]e all ! l9es ( 8 rese>* conv]ge4 ,:at is lib]ty8 ,:at mu/ we und]/& by ?is ^w8 ,bew>e ( ! answ] y are go+ to give4 ,e def9ition1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 w imply ! det]m9i/ !sis 9 advance1 s9ce1 "u pa9 ( go+ r\nd 9 a circle1 x w be b\nd to express lib]ty z a function ( :at x is n4 ,ei!r psy*ological lib]ty is an illusive appe>ance1 or1 if x is real1 we c only grasp x by intuition1 n by analysis1 9 ! light ( an imm$iate feel+4 ,= a reality is v]ifi$1 n con/ruct$2 & we are n[ or nev] 9 "o ( ^? situations :]e ! philosoph]'s task is to create "s new concept1 in/ead ( abid+ by a comb9ation ( previ\s elem5ts4 ,man is free1 says common-s5se1 9 s f> z 8 action dep5ds only on himself4 ,we are free1 says ,mr ,b]gson1 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data ( ,consci\sness1 page #aca47 :5 our acts proce$ f our entire p]sonality1 :5 !y express x1 :5 !y exhibit t indef9able resemblance to x :i* we f9d occasionally betwe5 ! arti/ & 8 "w4 ,t is all we ne$ seek2 two conceptions :i* are equival5t to ea* o!r1 two concordant =mulae4 ,x is true t ?is am\nts to det]m9+ ! free act by its v orig9ality1 9 ! etymological s5se ( ! ^w3 :i* is at bottom only ano!r way ( decl>+ x incomm5surable ) e concept1 & reluctant to be conf9$ by any def9ition4 ,b1 aft] all1 is n t ! only true imm$iate fact8 ,t our spiritual life is g5u9e action1 capable ( indep5d5ce1 initiative1 & irr$ucible novelty1 n m]e result produc$ f outside1 n simple ext5sion ( ext]nal me*anism1 t x is s mu* ours z to con/itute e mom5t1 = him :o c see1 an ess5tially incomp>able & new inv5tion1 is exactly :at repres5ts = u ! "n ( lib]ty4 ,und]/ood ?us1 & decid$ly x is l ?is t we mu/ und]/& x1 lib]ty is a pr(\nd ?+3 we seek x only 9 ^? mom5ts ( high & solemn *oice :i* come into our life1 n 9 ! petty famili> actions :i* _! v insignificance submits to all surr\nd+ influ5ces1 to e w&]+ breeze4 ,lib]ty is r>e2 _m live & die & h nev] kn[n x4 ,lib]ty is a ?+ :i* conta9s an inf9ite numb] ( degrees & %ades2 x is measur$ by our capacity = ! inn] life4 ,lib]ty is a ?+ :i* goes on 9 u unceas+ly3 our lib]ty is pot5tial r ?an actual4 ,& la/ly1 x is a ?+ ( duration1 n ( space & numb]1 n ! "w ( mom5ts or decrees4 ,! free act is ! act :i* has be5 long 9 prep>+1 ! act :i* is heavy ) our :ole hi/ory1 & falls l a ripe fruit f our pa/ life4 ,b h[ are we to e/abli% positive v]ification ( ^! views8 ,h[ are we to d away ) ! dang] ( illusion8 ,! pro( w 9 ?is case result f a criticism ( adv]se !ories1 along ) direct obs]vation ( psy*ological reality fre$ f ! deceptive =ms :i* w>p ! common p]ception ( x4 ,& x w "h be an easy task to resume ,mr ,b]gson's reason+ 9 a few words4 ,! fir/ ob/acle :i* confronts affirmation ( our lib]ty comes f physical det]m9ism4 ,positive sci5ce1 we are told1 pres5ts ! univ]se to u z an imm5se homog5e\s trans=mation1 ma9ta9+ an exact equival5ce betwe5 dep>ture & arrival4 ,h[ c we possibly h aft] t ! g5u9e creation :i* we require 9 ! act we call free8 ,! answ] is t ! univ]sality ( ! me*anism is at bottom only a hypo!sis :i* is /ill await+ demon/ration4 ,on ! "o h& x includes ! p>alleli/ conception :i* we h recognis$ z effete4 ,& on ! o!r x is pla9 t x is n self-suffici5t4 ,at lea/ x requires t some:]e or o!r !re %\ld be a pr9ciple ( position giv+ once = all :at w aft]w>ds be ma9ta9$4 ,9 actual fact1 ! c\rse ( ph5om5a displays ?ree t5d5cies3 a t5d5cy to cons]vation1 beyond "q2 b also a t5d5cy to collapse1 z 9 ! dim9ution ( en]gy2 & a t5d5cy to progress1 z 9 biological evolution4 ,to make cons]vation ! sole law ( matt] implies an arbitr>y decree1 d5ot+ only ^? aspects ( reality :i* w c\nt = any?+4 ,by :at "r d we ?us exclude1 ) vital ef=t1 ev5 ! feel+ ( lib]ty :i* 9 u is s vigor\s8 ,we might say1 x is true1 t our spiritual life1 if x is n a simple ext5sion ( ext]nal me*anism1 yet proce$s accord+ to an int]nal me*anism equally sev]e1 b ( a diff]5t ord]4 ,?is w\ld br+ u to ! hypo!sis ( a k9d ( psy*ological me*anism2 & 9 _m respects ?is seems to be ! common-s5se hypo!sis4 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u x1 aft] ! num]\s criticisms already made4 ,inn] reality--:i* does n admit numb]--is n a sequ5ce ( di/9ct t]ms1 all[+ a disconnect$ wa/e ( absolute causality4 ,& ! me*anism ( :i* we dream has no true s5se--=1 aft] all1 x has a s5se--except 9 relation to ! sup]ficial ph5om5a :i* take place 9 our dead r9d1 9 relation to ! automaton :i* we are 9 daily life4 ,i am ready to admit t x expla9s our common actions1 b "h x is our pr(\nd consci\sness :i* is 9 "q1 n ! play ( our mat]ialis$ habits4 ,)\t insi/+1 !n1 too /rongly on ?is mongrel conception1 let u pass to ! direct exam9ation ( inn] psy*ological reality4 ,ev]y?+ is ready = ! conclusion4 ,our duration1 :i* is cont9ually accumulat+ itself1 & always introduc+ "s irr$ucible new factor1 prev5ts any k9d ( /ate1 ev5 if sup]ficially id5tical1 f repeat+ itself 9 dep?4 ,we %all nev] aga9 h ! s\l we _h ?is ev5+4 ,ea* ( our mom5ts rema9s ess5tially unique4 ,x is some?+ new add$ to ! surviv+ pa/2 n only new1 b unable to be =ese54 ,= h[ c we speak ( =esight :i* is n simple conjecture1 h[ c we conceive an absolute extr9sic det]m9ation1 :5 ! act 9 bir? only makes "o ) ! f9i%$ sum ( its conditions1 :5 ^! conditions are complete only on ! ?re%old ( ! action beg9n+1 includ+ ! fre% & irr$ucible contribution add$ by its v date 9 our hi/ory8 ,we c only expla9 aft]w>ds1 we c only =esee :5 x is too late1 9 retrospect1 :5 ! accompli%$ action has fall5 into ! plan ( matt]4 ,?us our inn] life is a "w ( endur+ creation3 ( phases :i* mature sl[ly1 & conclude at long int]vals ! decisive mom5ts ( emancipat+ discov]y4 ,und\bt$ly matt] is !re1 "u ! =ms ( habit1 ?reat5+ u ) automatism1 seek+ at e mom5t to dev\r u1 /eal+ a m>* on u :5ev] we =get4 ,b matt] repres5ts 9 u only ! wa/e ( exi/5ce1 ! mortal fall ( weak5$ reality1 ! swoon ( ! creative action fall+ back in]t2 :ile ! dep?s ( our be+ /ill pulse ) ! lib]ty :i*1 9 its true function1 employs me*anism itself only z a means ( action4 ,n[1 does n ?is conception make a s+ul> exception ( u 9 nature1 an empire )9 an empire8 ,t is ! "q we h yet to inve/igate4 ,,ii4 ,we h j attempt$ to grasp :at be+ is 9 ourselves2 & we h f\nd t x is becom+1 progress1 & gr[?1 t x is a creative process :i* nev] ceases to lab\r incessantly2 9 a ^w1 t x is duration4 ,mu/ we come to ! same conclusion ab\t ext]nal be+1 ab\t exi/5ce 9 g5]al8 ,let u consid] t ext]nal reality :i* is ne>e/ u1 our body4 ,x is kn[n to u bo? ext]nally by our p]ceptions & int]nally by our affections4 ,x is !n a privileg$ case = our inquiry4 ,9 addition1 & by analogy1 we %all at ! same "t /udy ! o!r liv+ bodies :i* ev]yday induction %[s u to be m or less l our own4 ,:at are ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ^! new realities8 ,ea* ( !m possesses a g5u9e individuality to a f> great] degree ?an inorganic objects2 :il/ ! latt] are h>dly limit$ at all except 9 relation to ! ne$s ( ! =m]1 & s d n con/itute be+s 9 !mselves1 ! =m] evid5ce a p[]ful int]nal unity :i* is only fur!r emphasis$ by _! prodigi\s complication1 & =m :oles ) are naturally complete4 ,^! :oles are n collections ( juxtapos$ p>ts3 !y are organisms2 t is to say1 sy/ems ( connect$ functions1 9 :i* ea* detail implies ! :ole1 & :]e ! v>i\s elem5ts int]p5etrate4 ,^! organisms *ange & modify cont9ually2 we say ( !m n only t !y are1 b t !y live2 & _! life is mutability itself1 a flight1 a p]petual flux4 ,?is un9t]rupt$ flight _c 9 any way be comp>$ to a geometrical movem5t2 x is a rhy?mic succession ( phases1 ea* ( :i* conta9s ! resonance ( all ^? :i* come be=e2 ea* /ate lives on 9 ! /ate foll[+2 ! life ( ! body is memory2 ! liv+ be+ accumulates its pa/1 makes a sn[ball ( itself1 s]ves z an op5 regi/] = "t1 rip5s1 & gr[s old4 ,despite all resemblances1 ! liv+ body always rema9s1 9 "s measure1 an absolutely orig9al & unique inv5tion1 = !re are n two specim5s exactly alike2 &1 among in]t objects1 x appe>s z ! res]voir ( indet]m9ation1 ! c5tre ( spontaneity1 cont+5ce1 & g5u9e action1 z if 9 ! c\rse ( ph5om5a no?+ really new c\ld be produc$ except by its ag5cy4 ,su* are ! *>act]i/ic t5d5cies ( life1 su* ! aspects :i* x pres5ts to imm$iate obs]vation4 ,:e!r spiritual activity unconsci\sly presides ov] biological evolution1 or :e!r x simply prolongs x1 we always f9d "h & !re ! ess5tial features ( duration4 ,b ,i spoke j n[ ( individuality4 ,is x really "o ( ! di/9ctive m>ks ( life8 ,we "k h[ difficult x is to def9e x accurately4 ,n[h]e1 n ev5 9 man1 is x fully realis$2 & !re are be+s 9 exi/5ce 9 :i* x seems a complete illusion1 ?\gh e "p ( !m reproduces _! complete unity4 ,true1 b we are n[ deal+ ) biology1 9 :i* geometrical precision is inadmissible1 :]e reality is def9$ n s mu* by ! possession ( c]ta9 *>act]i/ics z by its t5d5cy to acc5tuate !m4 ,x is z a t5d5cy t individuality is m p>ticul>ly manife/$2 & if we look at x 9 ?is light1 no "o c d5y t x does con/itute "o ( ! fundam5tal t5d5cies ( life4 ,only ! tru? is t ! t5d5cy to individuality rema9s always & ev]y:]e c\nt]balanc$1 & !re=e limit$1 by an oppos+ t5d5cy1 ! t5d5cy to association1 & above all to reproduction4 ,?is necessitates a correction 9 our analysis4 ,nature1 9 _m respects1 seems to take no int]e/ 9 individuals4 ,life appe>s to be a curr5t pass+ f "o g]m to ano!r ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a develop$ organism4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #bi47 ,x seems z if ! organism play$ ! "p ( a ?or\ghf>e4 ,:at is important is r ! cont9uity ( progress ( :i* ! individuals are only transitory phases4 ,betwe5 ^! phases aga9 !re are no %>p sev]ances2 ea* phase resolves & melts imp]ceptibly into t :i* foll[s4 ,is n ! real problem ( h]$ity to "k h[1 & up to :at po9t1 a new individual breaks away f ! individuals :i* produc$ x8 ,is n ! real my/]y ( h]$ity ! diff]5ce1 n ! resemblance1 occurr+ betwe5 "o t]m & ano!r8 ,:atev] be its solution1 all ! individual phases mutually ext5d & int]p5etrate "o ano!r4 ,!re is a racial memory by :i* ! pa/ is cont9ually accumulat$ & pres]v$4 ,life's hi/ory is embodi$ 9 its pres5t4 ,& t is really ! ultimate reason ( ! p]petual novelty :i* surpris$ u j n[4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( biological evolution are ?us ! same z ^? ( human progress4 ,once aga9 we f9d ! v /uff ( reality 9 duration4 ,we mu/ n !n speak any long] ( life 9 g5]al z an ab/raction1 or a m]e head+ "u :i* we write d[n all liv+ be+s4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #bh47 ,on ! contr>y1 to x belongs ! primordial function ( reality4 ,x is a v real curr5t transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 organis+ & pass+ ?r\gh bodies1 )\t fail+ or becom+ exhau/$ 9 any "o ( !m4 ,we may1 already1 !n1 draw "o conclusion3 ,reality1 at bottom1 is becom+4 ,b su* a !sis runs c\nt] to all our famili> ideas4 ,x is imp]ative t we %\ld submit x to ! te/ ( critical exam9ation & positive v]ification4 ,"o sy/em ( metaphysics1 ,i said "s "t ago1 und]lies common-s5se1 animat+ & in=m+ x4 ,accord+ to ?is sy/em1 :i* is ! inv]se ( t :i* we h j intimat$1 reality 9 its v dep?s is fixity & p]man5ce4 ,?is is ! completely /atic conception :i* sees 9 be+ exactly ! opposite ( becom+3 we _c become1 x seems to say1 except 9 s f> z we are n4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 mean to d5y movem5t4 ,b x repres5ts x z fluctuation r\nd inv>iable types1 z a :irl+ b captive eddy4 ,e ph5om5on appe>s to x z a trans=mation :i* ends :]e x began1 & ! result is t ! _w takes ! =m ( an et]nal equilibrium 9 :i* no?+ is creat$1 no?+ de/roy$4 ,! idea does n ne$ mu* =c+ to end 9 ! old supposition ( a cyclic return :i* re/ores ev]y?+ to its orig9al conditions4 ,ev]y?+ is ?us conceiv$ 9 a/ronomical p]iods4 ,all t is left ( ! univ]se h5ce=w>d is a :irl ( atoms 9 :i* no?+ c\nts b c]ta9 fix$ quantities translat$ by our sy/ems ( equations2 ! re/ has vani%$ 9 algebraical smoke4 ,!re is !re=e no?+ m or less 9 ! effect ?an 9 ! gr\p ( causes2 & ! causal relation moves t[>ds id5tity z t[>ds its asymptote4 ,su* a view ( nature is op5 to _m objections1 ev5 if x 7 only a "q ( inorganis$ matt]4 ,simple physics already betok5 ! insuffici5cy ( a purely me*anic conception4 ,! /ream ( ph5om5a fl[s 9 an irrev]sible direction & obeys a det]m9$ rhy?m4 ,if ,i wi% to prep>e myself a glass ( sug> & wat]1 ,i may d :at ,i l1 b ,i mu/ wait = my sug> to melt4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #aj47 ,"h are facts :i* pure me*anism does n take into acc\nt1 reg>d+ z x does only /atically conceiv$ relations1 & mak+ "t into a measure only1 some?+ l a common d5om9ator ( concrete successions1 a c]ta9 numb] ( co9cid5ces f :i* all true duration rema9s abs5t1 :i* w\ld rema9 un*ang$ ev5 if ! _w's hi/ory1 in/ead ( op5+ out 9 consecutive phases1 7 to be unfold$ be=e our eyes all at once l a fan4 ,d we n inde$ speak today ( ag+ & atomic sep>ation4 ,if ! quantity ( en]gy is pres]v$1 at lea/ its quality is cont9ually det]iorat+4 ,by ! side ( some?+ :i* rema9s con/ant1 ! _w also conta9s some?+ :i* is be+ us$ up1 dissipat$1 exhau/$1 decompos$4 ,fur!r /ill1 a specim5 ( metal1 9 its molecul> /ructure1 pres]ves an indelible trace ( ! treatm5t x has und]gone2 natural philosoph]s tell u t !re is a memory ( solids4 ,^! are all v positive facts :i* pure me*anism passes ov]4 ,9 addition1 mu/ we n fir/ ( all po/ulate :at w aft]w>ds be pres]v$ or det]iorat$8 ,:5ce we get ano!r aspect ( ?+s3 t ( g5esis & creation2 & 9 reality we regi/] ! asc5d+ ef=t ( life z a reality no less />tl+ ?an me*anic in]tia4 ,f9ally1 we h a d\ble movem5t ( asc5t & desc5t3 su* is :at life & matt] appe> to imm$iate obs]vation4 ,^! two curr5ts meet ea* o!r1 & grapple4 ,x is ! drama ( evolution1 ( :i* ,mr ,b]gson once gave a ma/]ly explanation1 9 /at+ ! high place :i* man fills 9 nature3 ,i _c reg>d ! g5]al evolution & progress ( life 9 ! :ole ( ! organis$ _w1 ! co-ord9ation & subord9ation ( vital functions to "o ano!r 9 ! same liv+ be+1 ! relations :i* psy*ology & physiology comb9$ seem b\nd to e/abli% betwe5 bra9 activity & ?\ght 9 man1 )\t arriv+ at ?is conclusion1 t life is an imm5se ef=t attempt$ by ?\ght to obta9 ( matt] some?+ :i* matt] does n wi% to give x4 ,matt] is in]t2 x is ! seat ( necessity2 x proce$s me*anically4 ,x seems z if ?\ght seeks to pr(it by ?is me*anical incl9ation 9 matt] to utilise x = actions1 & ?us to conv]t all ! creative en]gy x conta9s1 at lea/ all t ?is en]gy possesses :i* admits ( play & ext]nal extraction1 into cont+5t movem5ts 9 space & ev5ts 9 "t :i* _c be =ese54 ,) labori\s rese>* x piles up complications to make lib]ty out ( necessity1 to compose = itself a matt] s subtile1 & s mobile1 t lib]ty1 by a v]itable physical p>adox1 & ?anks to an ef=t :i* _c la/ long1 succe$s 9 ma9ta9+ its equilibrium on ?is v mobility4 ,b x is caught 9 ! sn>e4 ,! eddy on :i* x 0 pois$ seizes & drags x d[n4 ,x becomes prison] ( ! me*anism x has set up4 ,automatism lays hold ( x1 & life1 inevitably =gett+ ! end :i* x _h det]m9$1 :i* 0 only to be a means 9 view ( a sup]ior end1 is entirely us$ up 9 an ef=t to pres]ve itself by itself4 ,f ! humble/ ( organis$ be+s to ! high] v]tebrates :i* come imm$iately be=e man1 we witness an attempt :i* is always foil$ & always resum$ ) m & m art4 ,man has triumph$2 ) difficulty1 x is true1 & s incompletely t a mom5t's lapse & inatt5tion on 8 "p surr5d] him to automatism aga94 ,b he has triumph$444 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,& ,mr ,b]gson adds 9 ano!r place3 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #bhf-bhg47 ,) man consci\sness breaks ! *a94 ,9 man & 9 man only x obta9s its fre$om4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( life1 till man1 _h be5 ! hi/ory ( an ef=t ( consci\sness to lift matt]1 & ( ! m or less complete cru%+ ( consci\sness by matt] fall+ ^u x aga94 ,! ent]prise 0 p>adoxical2 if inde$ we c speak "h1 except p>adoxically1 ( ent]prise & ef=t4 ,! task 0 to take matt]1 :i* is necessity itself1 & create an in/rum5t ( lib]ty1 con/ruct a me*anical sy/em to triumph ov] me*anism1 to employ ! det]m9ism ( nature to pass ?r\gh ! me%es ( ! net x _h spread4 ,b ev]y:]e1 except 9 man1 consci\sness let itself be caught 9 ! net ( :i* x s\ght to trav]se ! me%es4 ,x rema9$ tak5 9 ! me*anisms x _h set up4 ,! automatism :i* x claim$ to be draw+ t[>ds lib]ty enfolds x & drags x d[n4 ,x has n ! /r5g? to get away1 because ! en]gy ) :i* x _h suppli$ itself = action is almo/ entirely employ$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! exce$+ly subtile & ess5tially un/able equilibrium into :i* x has br\ght matt]4 ,b man does n m]ely keep 8 ma*9e go+1 he succe$s 9 us+ x z x pleases him4 ,he owes x )\t d\bt to ! sup]iority ( 8 bra91 :i* all[s him to con/ruct an unlimit$ numb] ( motor me*anisms1 to oppose new habits to old "t aft] "t1 & to ma/] automatism by divid+ x aga9/ itself4 ,he owes x to 8 language1 :i* furni%es consci\sness ) an immat]ial body 9 :i* to become inc>nate1 ?us disp5s+ x f dep5d+ exclusively ^u mat]ial bodies1 ! flux ( :i* w\ld drag x d[n & soon engulf x4 ,he owes x to social life1 :i* /ores & pres]ves ef=ts z language /ores ?\ght1 !reby fix+ a mean level to :i* individuals w rise ) ease1 & :i*1 by means ( ?is initial impulse1 prev5ts av]age individuals f go+ to sleep & urges bett] p to rise high]4 ,b our bra91 our society1 & our language are only ! v>i$ out] signs ( "o & ! same int]nal sup]iority4 ,ea* aft] its fa%ion1 !y tell u ! unique & exceptional success :i* life has won at a giv5 mom5t ( its evolution4 ,!y translate ! diff]5ce 9 nature1 & n 9 degree only1 :i* sep>ates man f ! re/ ( ! animal _w4 ,!y let u see t if1 at ! end ( ! broad spr+bo>d f :i* life took (f1 all o!rs came d[n1 f9d+ ! cord /ret*$ too high1 man alone has leapt ! ob/acle4 ,b man is n on t acc\nt isolat$ 9 nature3 ,z ! smalle/ gra9 ( du/ =ms "p ( our entire sol> sy/em1 & is involv$ along ) x 9 ?is undivid$ d[nw>d movem5t :i* is mat]iality itself1 s all organis$ be+s f ! humble/ to ! highe/1 f ! fir/ orig9s ( life to ! times 9 :i* we live1 & 9 all places z at all times1 d b demon/rate to our eyes a unique impulse contr>y to ! movem5t ( matt]1 &1 9 itself1 indivisible4 ,all liv+ be+s are connect$1 & all yield to ! same =midable ?ru/4 ,! animal is support$ by ! plant1 man rides ! animal1 & ! :ole ( humanity 9 space & "t is an imm5se army gallop+ by ! side ( ea* ( u1 be=e & beh9d u1 9 a spirit$ *>ge :i* c upset all resi/ance1 & leap _m ob/acles1 p]haps ev5 dea?4 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #bic-bid47 ,we see ) :at broad & f>-rea*+ conclusions ! new philosophy closes4 ,9 ! =cible poetry ( ! pages j quot$ its orig9al acc5t r+s deep & pure4 ,"s ( its lead+ !ses1 moreov]1 are not$ "h4 ,b n[ we mu/ discov] ! solid f\ndation ( und]ly+ fact4 ,let u take fir/ ! fact ( biological evolution4 ,:y has x be5 select$ z ! basis ( ! sy/em8 ,is x really a fact1 or is x only a m or less conjectural & plausible !ory8 ,notice 9 ! fir/ in/ance t ! argum5t f evolution appe>s at lea/ z a weapon ( co-ord9ation & rese>* admitt$ 9 our day by all philosoph]s1 reject$ only on ! inspiration ( preconceiv$ ideas :i* are completely unsci5tific2 & t x succe$s 9 ! task allott$ to x is d\btless already ! pro( t x responds to "s "p ( reality4 ,& besides1 we c g fur!r4 ,! idea ( trans=mism is already conta9$ 9 g]m 9 ! natural classification ( organis$ be+s4 ,! naturali/ br+s resembl+ organisms toge!r1 divides ! gr\p into sub-gr\ps1 )9 :i* ! resemblance is /ill great]1 & s on2 ?r\gh\t ! op]ation1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! gr\p appe> z g5]al !mes ^u :i* ea* ( ! sub-gr\ps executes its p>ticul> v>iations4 ,n[ ?is is precisely ! relation we f9d 9 ! animal _w & 9 ! vegetable _w betwe5 t :i* produces & :at is produc$2 on ! canvas bequea!d by ! ance/or to 8 po/]ity1 & possess$ 9 common by !m1 ea* broid]s 8 orig9al patt]n4 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #bd-be47 ,we may1 x is true1 ask ourselves :e!r ! g5ealogical me?od p]mits results s f> div]g5t z ^? pres5t$ to u by v>iety ( species4 ,b embryology answ]s by %[+ u ! highe/ & mo/ complex =ms ( life atta9$ e day f v elem5t>y =ms2 & palaeontology1 z x develops1 all[s u to witness ! same spectacle 9 ! univ]sal hi/ory ( life1 z if ! succession ( phases ?r\gh :i* ! embryo passes 7 only a recollection & an epitome ( ! complete pa/ :5ce x has come4 ,9 addition1 ! ph5om5a ( sudd5 *anges1 rec5tly obs]v$1 help u to und]/& m easily ! conception :i* obtrudes itself "u s _m heads1 by dim9i%+ ! importance ( ! app>5t lacunae 9 g5ealogical cont9uity4 ,?us ! tr5d ( all our exp]i5ce is ! same4 ,n[ !re are "s c]ta9ties :i* are only c5tres ( concurr5t probabilities2 !re are "s tru?s det]m9$ only by succession ( facts1 b yet1 by _! int]section & conv]g5ce1 suffici5tly det]m9$4 ,t is h[ we measure ! di/ance f an inaccessible po9t1 by reg>d+ x "t aft] "t f ! po9ts to :i* we h access4 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,is n t ! case "h8 ,! affirmative seems all ! m inevitable inasmu* z ! language ( trans=mism is ! only language kn[n to ! biology ( today4 ,evolution c1 x is true1 be transpos$1 b n suppress$1 s9ce 9 any actual /ate !re w\ld always rema9 ?is /rik+ fact t ! liv+ =ms met ) z rema9s 9 geological lay]s are rang$ by ! natural aff9ity ( _! *>act]i/ics 9 an ord] ( succession p>allel to ! succession ( ! ages4 ,we are n really !n inv5t+ a hypo!sis 9 beg9n+ ) ! affirmation ( evolution4 ,b :at we h to d is to appreciate its object4 ,evolution6 ,we meet ! ^w ev]y:]e today4 ,b h[ r>e is ! true idea6 ,let u ask ! a/ronom]s :o orig9ate cosmogonical hypo!ses1 & inv5t a primitive nebula1 ! natural philosoph]s :o dream t by ! det]ioration ( en]gy & ! dissipation ( movem5t ! mat]ial _w w obta9 f9al re/ 9 ! in]tia ( a homog5e\s equilibrium1 let u ask ! biologi/s & psy*ologi/s :o are enemies ( fix$ species & inquisitive ab\t ance/ral hi/ory4 ,:at !y are anxi\s to disc]n 9 evolution is ! p]si/5t influ5ce ( an initial cause once giv51 ! attraction ( a fix$ end1 a collection ( laws be=e ! et]nity ( :i* *ange becomes negligible l an appe>ance4 ,n[ he :o ?9ks ( ! univ]se z a con/ruction ( un*angeable relations d5ies by 8 me?od ! evolution ( :i* he speaks1 s9ce he trans=ms x into a calculable effect necess>ily produc$ by a regulat$ play ( g5]at+ conditions1 s9ce he implicitly admits ! illusive "* ( a becom+ :i* adds no?+ to :at is giv54 ,f9ality itself1 if he keeps ! "n1 does n save him f 8 error1 = f9ality 9 8 eyes is no?+ b an effici5t cause project$ into ! future4 ,s we see him fix+ /ages1 m>k+ p]iods1 ins]t+ means1 putt+ 9 mile/ones1 cont9ually de/roy+ movem5t by halt+ x be=e 8 gaze4 ,& we all d ! same by in/9ctive incl9ation4 ,our concept ( law1 9 its classical =m1 is n g5]al3 x repres5ts only ! law ( co-exi/5ce & ( me*anism1 ! /atic relation betwe5 two num]ically disconnect$ t]ms2 & 9 ord] to grasp evolution we %all d\btless h to inv5t a new type ( law3 law 9 duration1 dynamic relation4 ,= we c1 & we mu/1 conceive t !re is an evolution ( natural laws2 t ^! laws nev] def9e any?+ b a mom5t>y /ate ( ?+s2 t !y are 9 reality l /reaks det]m9$ 9 ! flux ( becom+ by ! meet+ ( contr>y curr5ts4 ,laws1 says ,monsieur ,b\tr\x1 are ! b$ d[n :i* passes ! torr5t ( facts2 !y h dug x1 ?\gh !y foll[ x4 ,yet we see ! common !ories ( evolution appeal+ to ! concepts ( ! pres5t to describe ! pa/1 =c+ !m back to prehi/oric times1 & beyond ! reason+ ( today1 plac+ at ! beg9n+ :at is only conceivable 9 ! m9d ( ! contempor>y ?9k]2 9 a ^w1 imag9+ ! same laws z always exi/+ & always obs]v$4 ,?is is ! me?od :i* ,mr ,b]gson s ju/ly criticises 9 ,sp5c]3 t ( recon/ruct+ evolution ) fragm5ts ( its product4 ,if we wi% ?or\ghly to grasp ! reality ( ?+s1 we mu/ ?9k o!rwise4 ,nei!r ( ^! ready-made concepts1 me*anism & f9ality1 is 9 place1 because bo? ( !m imply ! same po/ulate1 viz4 t ev]y?+ is giv51 ei!r at ! beg9n+ or at ! end1 :il/ evolution is no?+ if x is n1 on ! contr>y1 t :i* gives4 ,let u take c>e n to conf\nd evolution & developm5t4 ,!re is ! /umbl+-block ( ! usual trans=mi/ !ories1 & ,mr ,b]gson devotes to x a closely argu$ & s+ul>ly p5etrat+ criticism1 by an example :i* he analyses 9 detail4 7,creative ,evolution1 *apt] i47 ,^! !ories ei!r d n expla9 ! bir? ( v>iation1 & limit !mselves to an attempt to make u und]/& h[1 once born1 x becomes fix$1 or else ?r\gh ne$ ( adaptation !y look = a conception ( its bir?4 ,b 9 bo? cases !y fail4 ,! tru? is t adaptation expla9s ! w9d+s ( ! movem5t ( evolution1 b n ! g5]al directions ( ! movem5t1 /ill less ! movem5t itself4 ,! road :i* leads to ! t[n is c]ta9ly oblig$ to climb ! hills & g d[n ! slopes2 x adapts itself to ! accid5ts ( ! gr\nd2 b ! accid5ts ( ! gr\nd are n ! cause ( ! road1 any m ?an !y h imp>t$ its direction4 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #aaa-aab47 ,at ! bottom ( all ^! errors !re are only prejudices ( practical action4 ,t is ( c\rse :y e "w appe>s to be an outside con/ruction beg9n+ ) previ\s elem5ts2 a phase ( anticipation foll[$ by a phase ( execution1 calculation1 & art1 an effective project+ cause1 & a conc]t$ goal1 a me*anism :i* hurls to a f9ality :i* aims4 ,b ! g5u9e explanation mu/ be s\ght else:]e4 ,& ,mr ,b]gson makes ?is pla9 by two admirable analyses 9 :i* he takes to pieces ! common ideas ( disord] & no?+ness 9 ord] to expla9 _! mean+ relative to our proce$+s 9 indu/ry or language4 ,let u come back to facts1 to imm$iate exp]i5ce1 & try to translate its pure data simply4 ,:at are ! *>act]i/ics ( vital evolution8 ,fir/ ( all x is a dynamic cont9uity1 a cont9uity ( qualitative progress2 next1 x is ess5tially a duration1 an irrev]sible rhy?m1 a "w ( inn] maturation4 ,by ! memory inh]5t 9 x1 ! :ole ( its pa/ lives on & accumulates1 ! :ole ( its pa/ rema9s = ev] pres5t to x2 :i* is tantam\nt to say+ t x is exp]i5ce4 ,x is also an ef=t ( p]petual inv5tion1 a g5]ation ( cont9ual novelty1 ind$ucible & capable ( defy+ all anticipation1 z x defies all repetition4 ,we see x at its task ( rese>* 9 ! grop+ attempts exhibit$ by ! long-s\ght g5esis ( species2 we see x triumphant 9 ! orig9ality ( ! lea/ /ate ( consci\sness1 ( ! lea/ body1 ( ! t9ie/ cell1 ( :i* ! inf9ity ( times & spaces does n (f] two id5tical specim5s4 ,b ! reef :i* lies 9 its way1 & on :i* too (t5 x f\nd]s1 is habit2 habit w\ld be a bett] & m p[]ful means ( action if x rema9$ free1 b 9 s f> z x congeals & becomes mat]ialis$1 is a h9drance & an ob/acle4 ,fir/ ( all we h ! av]age types r\nd :i* fluctuates an action :i* is decreas+ & becom+ r$uc$ 9 bread?4 ,!n we h ! residual organs1 ! pro(s ( dead life1 ! encru/ations f :i* ! /ream ( consci\sness gradually ebbs2 & f9ally we h ! in]t ge> f :i* all real life has disappe>$1 ! masses ( %ipwreck$ ?+s re>+ _! spectral outl9es :]e once roll$ ! op5 sea ( m9d4 ,! concept ( me*anism suits ! ph5om5a :i* occur )9 ! zone ( wreckage1 on ?is %ore ( fixities & corpses4 ,b life itself is r f9ality1 if n 9 ! an?ropomorphic s5se ( prem$itat$ design1 plan1 or programme1 at lea/ 9 ?is s5se1 t x is a cont9ually r5ew$ ef=t ( gr[? & lib]ation4 ,& x is f "h we get ,mr ,b]gson's =mulae3 vital impetus & creative evolution4 ,9 ?is conception ( be+ consci\sness is ev]y:]e1 z orig9al & fundam5tal reality1 always pres5t 9 a myriad degrees ( t5sion or sleep1 & "u inf9itely v>i\s rhy?ms4 ,! vital impulse consi/s 9 a dem& = creation2 life 9 its humble/ /age already con/itutes a spiritual activity2 & its ef=t s5ds out a curr5t ( asc5d+ realisation :i* aga9 det]m9es ! c\nt]-curr5t ( matt]4 ,?us all reality is conta9$ 9 a d\ble movem5t ( asc5t & desc5t4 ,! fir/ only1 :i* translates an inn] "w ( creative maturation1 is ess5tially durable2 ! second might1 9 /rictness1 be almo/ in/antane\s1 l t ( an escap+ spr+2 b ! "o imposes its rhy?m on ! o!r4 ,f ?is po9t ( view m9d & matt] appe> n z two ?+s oppos$ to ea* o!r1 z /atic t]ms 9 fix$ anti!sis1 b r z two inv]se directions ( movem5t2 &1 9 c]ta9 respects1 we mu/ !re=e speak n s mu* ( matt] or m9d z ( spiritualisation & mat]ialisation1 ! latt] result+ automatically f a simple int]ruption ( ! =m]4 ,consci\sness or sup]consci\sness is ! rocket1 ! ext+ui%$ rema9s ( :i* fall into matt]4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #bhc47 ,:at image ( univ]sal evolution is !n sugge/$8 ,n a cascade ( d$uction1 nor a sy/em ( /ation>y pulsations1 b a f\nta9 :i* spreads l a %eaf ( corn & is p>tially arre/$1 or at lea/ h9d]$ & delay$1 by ! fall+ spray4 ,! f\nta9 itself1 ! reality :i* is creat$1 is vital activity1 ( :i* spiritual activity repres5ts ! highe/ =m2 & ! spray :i* falls is ! creative act :i* falls1 x is reality :i* is undone1 x is matt] & in]tia4 ,9 a ^w1 ! supreme law ( g5esis & fall1 ! d\ble play ( :i* con/itutes ! univ]se1 comprises a psy*ological =mula4 ,ev]y?+ beg9s 9 ! mann] ( an inv5tion1 z ! fruit ( duration & creative g5ius1 by lib]ty1 by pure m9d2 !n comes habit1 a k9d ( body1 z ! body is already a gr\p ( habits2 & habit1 tak+ root1 be+ a "w ( consci\sness :i* escapes x & turns aga9/ x1 is little by little degrad$ into me*anism 9 :i* ! s\l is buri$4 ,,iii4 ,! ma9 l9es & g5]al p]spective ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy n[ p]haps beg9 to appe>4 ,c]ta9ly ,i am ! fir/ to feel h[ p[]less a sl5d] resume really is to translate all its weal? & all its /r5g?4 ,at lea/ ,i wi% ,i c\ld h contribut$ to mak+ its movem5t1 & :at ,i may call its rhy?m1 cle>] to p]ception4 ,x is f ! books ( ! ma/] himself t a m complete revelation mu/ be s\ght4 ,& ! few words :i* ,i am /ill go+ to add z conclusion are only int5d$ to sket* ! pr9cipal consequ5ces ( ! doctr9e1 & all[ its di/ant rea* to be se54 ,! evolution ( life w\ld be a v simple & easy ?+ to und]/& if x 7 fulfill$ along "o s+le trajectory & foll[$ a /raight pa?4 ,b we are "h deal+ ) a %ell :i* has imm$iately bur/ into fragm5ts1 :i*1 be+ !mselves species ( %ells1 h aga9 bur/ into fragm5ts de/9$ to bur/ aga91 & s on = a v long "t4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #ajg47 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! prop]ty ( a t5d5cy to develop itself 9 ! expansion :i* analyses x4 ,z = ! causes ( ?is disp]sion into k+doms1 !n into species1 & f9ally into individuals1 we c di/+ui% two s]ies3 ! resi/ance :i* matt] opposes to ! curr5t ( life s5t ?r\gh x1 & ! explosive =ce--due to an un/able equilibrium ( t5d5cies--c>ri$ by ! vital impulse )9 itself4 ,bo? unite 9 mak+ ! ?ru/ ( life divide 9 m & m div]g+ b complem5t>y directions1 ea* emphasis+ "s di/9ct aspect ( its orig9al weal?4 ,mr ,b]gson conf9es himself to ! bran*es ( ! fir/ ord]--plant1 animal1 & man4 ,& 9 ! c\rse ( a m9ute & se>*+ discussion he %[s u ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! l9es 9 ! moods or qualities signifi$ by ! ?ree words--torpor1 in/9ct1 & intellig5ce3 ! vegetable k+dom con/ruct+ & /or+ explosives :i* ! animal exp5ds1 & man creat+ a n]v\s sy/em = himself :i* p]mits him to conv]t ! exp5se into analysis4 ,let u leave aside1 z we mu/1 ! _m sugge/ive views scatt]$ lavi%ly ab\t1 ! _m fla%es ( light :i* fall on all faces ( ! problem1 & let u conf9e ourselves to see+ h[ we get a !ory ( k f ?is doctr9e4 ,!re we h yet ano!r pro( ( ! /rik+ & f]tile orig9ality ( ! new philosophy4 ,m ?an "o objection has be5 br\ght aga9/ ,mr ,b]gson on ?is head4 ,t is q natural3 h[ c\ld su* a novelty be exactly und]/ood at once8 ,x is also v desirable2 x is ! dem&s = enlight5m5t :i* lead a doctr9e to full consci\sness ( itself1 to precision & p]fection4 ,b we mu/ be afraid ( false objections1 ^? :i* arise f an ob/9ate translation ( ! new philosophy into an old language /eep$ 9 a diff]5t metaphysic4 ,) :at has ,mr ,b]gson be5 reproa*$8 ,) misund]/&+ reason1 ) ru9+ positive sci5ce1 ) be+ caught 9 ! illusion ( gett+ k o!rwise ?an by intellig5ce1 or ( ?9k+ o!rwise ?an by ?\ght2 9 %ort1 ( fall+ into a vici\s circle by mak+ intellectualism turn r\nd ^u itself4 ,n "o ( ^! reproa*es has any f\ndation4 ,let u beg9 by a few prelim9>y rem>ks to cle> ! gr\nd4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re is "o ridicul\s objection :i* ,i quote only to record4 ,i mean t :i* suspects at ! bottom ( ! !ories :i* we are go+ to discuss "s d>k backgr\nd1 "s prepossession ( irrational my/icism4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! tru? is1 we h "h p]haps bett] ?an any:]e1 ! spectacle ( pure ?\ght face to face ) ?+s4 ,b x is a complete ?\ght1 n ?\ght r$uc$ to "s p>tial functions1 b suffici5tly sure ( its critical p[] to sacrifice none ( its res\rces4 ,"h1 we may say1 really is ! g5u9e positivism1 :i* re9/ates all spiritual reality4 ,x does n 9 any way lead to a misund]/&+ or depreciation ( sci5ce4 ,ev5 :]e cont+5cy & relativity are mo/ visible 9 x1 9 ! doma9 ( in]t matt]1 ,mr ,b]gson goes s f> z to say t physical sci5ce t\*es an absolute4 ,x is true t x t\*es ?is absolute r ?an sees x4 ,m p>ticul>ly x p]ceives all its reactions on a sy/em ( repres5tative =ms :i* x pres5ts to x1 & obs]ves ! effect on ! veil ( !ory ) :i* x envelops x4 ,at c]ta9 mom5ts1 all ! same1 ! veil becomes almo/ transp>5t4 ,& 9 any case ! s*ol>'s ?\ght guesses & grazes reality 9 ! curve drawn by ! succession ( its increas+ syn!ses4 ,b !re are two ord]s ( sci5ce4 ,=m]ly x 0 f ! ma!matician t we borr[$ ! ideal ( evid5ce4 ,h5ce came ! incl9ation always to seek ! mo/ c]ta9 k f ! mo/ ab/ract side4 ,! temptation 0 to make a k9d ( less sev]e & rigor\s ma!matics ( biology itself4 ,n[ if su* a me?od suits ! /udy ( in]t matt] because 9 a mann] geometrical1 s mu* s t our k ( x ?us acquir$ is m incomplete ?an inexact1 ?is is n at all ! case = ! ?+s ( life4 ,"h1 if we 7 to conduct sci5tific rese>* always 9 ! same grooves & accord+ to ! same =mulae1 we %\ld imm$iately enc\nt] symbolism & relativity4 ,= life is progress1 :il/ ! geometrical me?od is comm5surable only ) ?+s4 ,mr ,b]gson is aw>e ( ?is2 & 8 r>e m]it has be5 to dis5gage specific orig9ality f biology1 :ile elevat+ x to a typical & /&>d sci5ce4 ,b let u come to ! he>t ( ! problem4 ,:at 0 ,kant's po9t ( dep>ture 9 ! !ory ( k8 ,9 seek+ to def9e ! /ructure ( ! m9d accord+ to ! traces ( itself :i* x mu/ h left 9 its works1 & 9 proce$+ by a reflective analysis asc5d+ f a fact to its conditions1 he c\ld only reg>d intellig5ce z a ?+ made1 a fix$ sy/em ( categories & pr9ciples4 ,mr ,b]gson adopts an inv]se attitude4 ,intellig5ce is a product ( evolution3 we see x sl[ly & un9t]rupt$ly con/ruct$ along a l9e :i* rises ?r\gh ! v]tebrates to man4 ,su* a po9t ( view is ! only "o :i* con=ms to ! real nature ( ?+s1 & ! actual conditions ( reality2 ! m we ?9k ( x1 ! m we p]ceive t ! !ory ( k & ! !ory ( life are b\nd up ) "o ano!r4 ,n[ :at d we conclude f ?is po9t ( view8 ,life1 consid]$ 9 ! direction ( k1 evolves on two div]g+ l9es :i* at fir/ are confus$1 !n gradually sep>ate1 & f9ally end 9 two oppos$ =ms ( organisation1 intellig5ce & in/9ct4 ,sev]al contr>y pot5tialities int]p5etrat$ at _! common s\rce1 b ( ?is s\rce ea* ( ^! k9ds ( activity pres]ves or r acc5tuates only "o t5d5cy2 & x w be easy to m>k its dual "*4 ,in/9ct is sympa?y2 x has no cle> consci\sness ( itself2 x does n "k h[ to reflect2 x is h>dly capable ( v>y+ its /eps2 b x op]ates ) incomp>able c]ta9ty because x rema9s lodg$ 9 ?+s1 9 communion ) _! rhy?m & ) inn] feel+ ( !m4 ,! hi/ory ( animals 9 ?is respect supplies _m rem>kable examples :i* ,mr ,b]gson analyses & discusses 9 detail4 ,z mu* might be said ( ! "w :i* produces a liv+ body1 & ( ! ef=t :i* presides ov] its gr[?1 ma9t5ance1 & functions4 ,take a natural philosoph] :o has long brea!d ! atmosph]e ( ! laboratory1 :o has by long practice acquir$ :at we call exp]i5ce2 he has a k9d ( intimate feel+ = 8 in/rum5ts1 _! res\rces1 _! movem5ts1 _! work+ t5d5cies2 he p]ceives !m z ext5sions ( himself2 he possesses !m z gr\ps ( habitual actions1 ?us disc\rs+ by manipulations z easily & spontane\sly z o!rs disc\rse 9 calculation4 ,d\btless t is only an image2 b transpose x & g5]alise x1 & x w help y to und]/& ! k9d ( action :i* div9es in/9ct4 ,b intellig5ce is some?+ q diff]5t4 ,we are talk+1 ( c\rse1 ( ! analytic & syn!tic intellig5ce :i* we use 9 our acts ( curr5t ?\ght1 :i* works ?r\gh\t our daily action & =ms ! fundam5tal ?read ( our sci5tific op]ations4 ,i ne$ n "h g back to ! criticism ( its ord9>y proce$+s4 ,b ,i mu/ n[ note ! s]vice :i* suits !m1 ! doma9 9 :i* !y apply & are valid1 & :at !y tea* u !reby ab\t ! mean+1 rea*1 & natural task ( intellig5ce4 ,:il/ in/9ct vibrates 9 sympa!tic h>mony ) life1 x is ab\t in]t matt] t intellig5ce is grant$2 x is a rid] to our faculty ( action2 x triumphs 9 geometry2 x feels at home among ! objects 9 :i* our indu/ry f9ds its supports & its tools4 ,9 a ^w1 our logic is prim>ily ! logic ( solids4 7,preface to ,creative ,evolution47 ,b if we ent] ! vital ord] its incompet5ce is manife/ly app>5t4 ,x is v important t d$uction %\ld be s impot5t 9 biology4 ,/ill m impot5t is x p]haps 9 matt]s ( art or religion2 :il/1 on ! contr>y1 x works m>vels s long z x has only to =esee movem5ts or trans=mations 9 bodies4 ,:at does ?is mean1 if n t intellig5ce & mat]iality g toge!r1 t language ) its analytic /eps is regulat$ by ! movem5ts ( matt]8 ,philosophy once aga9 !n mu/ leave x beh9d1 = ! duty ( philosophy is to consid] ev]y?+ 9 its relation to life4 ,d n conclude1 h[ev]1 t ! philosoph]'s duty is to r5\nce intellig5ce1 place x "u tutelage1 or ab&on x to ! bl9d sugge/ions ( feel+ & w4 ,x has n ev5 ! "r to d s4 ,in/9ct1 ) u :o h evolv$ along ! grooves ( intellig5ce1 has rema9$ too weak to be suffici5t = u4 ,besides1 intellig5ce is ! only pa? by :i* light c\ld dawn 9 ! bosom ( primitive d>kness4 ,b let u look at pres5t reality 9 all its complexity1 all its weal?4 ,r\nd intellig5ce itself exi/s a halo ( in/9ct4 ,?is halo repres5ts ! rema9s ( ! fir/ nebul\s vap\r at ! exp5se ( :i* intellig5ce 0 con/itut$ l a brilliantly cond5s$ nucleus2 & x is /ill today ! atmosph]e :i* gives x life1 ! fr+e ( t\*1 & delicate prob+1 inspir+ contact & div9+ sympa?y1 :i* we see 9 play 9 ! ph5om5a ( discov]y1 z also 9 ! acts ( t att5tion to life1 & t s5se ( reality :i* is ! s\l ( good s5se1 s widely di/9ct f common-s5se4 ,& ! peculi> task ( ! philosoph] is to reabsorb intellig5ce 9 in/9ct1 or r to re9/ate in/9ct 9 intellig5ce2 or bett] /ill1 to w9 back to ! he>t ( intellig5ce all ! initial res\rces :i* x mu/ h sacrific$4 ,?is is :at is meant by return to ! primitive1 & ! imm$iate1 to reality & life4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( intuition4 ,c]ta9ly ! task is difficult4 ,we at once suspect a vici\s circle4 ,h[ c we g beyond intellig5ce except by intellig5ce itself8 ,we are app>5tly inside our ?\ght1 z incapable ( com+ out ( x z is a balloon ( ris+ above ! atmosph]e4 ,true1 b on ?is reason+ we c\ld j z well prove t x is impossible = u to acquire any new habit :atsoev]1 impossible = life to gr[ & g beyond itself cont9ually4 ,we mu/ avoid draw+ false conclusions f ! simile ( ! balloon4 ,! "q "h is to "k :at are ! real limits ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! syn!tic & critical intellig5ce1 left to its own /r5g?1 rema9s imprison$ 9 a circle f :i* !re is no escape4 ,b action removes ! b>ri]4 ,if intellig5ce accepts ! risk ( tak+ ! leap into ! phosphoresc5t fluid :i* ba!s x1 & to :i* x is n altoge!r =eign1 s9ce x has brok5 (f f x & 9 x dwell ! complem5t>y p[]s ( ! und]/&+1 intellig5ce w soon become adapt$ & s w only be lo/ = a mom5t to reappe> great]1 /rong]1 & ( full] cont5t4 ,x is action aga9 "u ! "n ( exp]i5ce :i* removes ! dang] ( illusion or gidd9ess1 x is action :i* v]ifies2 by a practical demon/ration1 by an ef=t ( endur+ maturation :i* te/s ! idea 9 intimate contact ) reality & judges x by its fruits4 ,x always falls !re=e to intellig5ce to pron\nce ! gr& v]dict 9 ! s5se t only t c be call$ true :i* w f9ally satisfy x2 b we mean an intellig5ce duly enl>g$ & trans=m$ by ! v effect ( ! action x has liv$4 ,?us ! objection ( irrationalism direct$ aga9/ ! new philosophy falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! objection ( non-morality f>es no bett]4 ,b is has be5 made1 & p h ?\ght fit to accuse ,mr ,b]gson's "w ( be+ ! too calm production ( an intellig5ce too indiff]5t1 too coldly lucid1 too exclusively curi\s to see & und]/&1 untr\bl$ & un?rill$ by ! univ]sal drama ( life1 by ! tragic reality ( evil4 ,on ! o!r h&1 n )\t contradiction1 ! new philosophy has be5 call$ romantic1 & p h tri$ to f9d 9 x ! ess5tial traits ( romanticism3 its pr$ilection = feel+ & imag9ation1 its unique anxiety = vital int5sity1 its recognis$ "r to all :i* is to be1 :5ce its radical inability to e/abli% a hi]>*y ( moral qualifications4 ,/range reproa*6 ,! sy/em 9 "q is n yet pres5t$ to u z a f9i%$ sy/em4 ,its au?or manife/s a pla9 desire to classify 8 problems4 ,& he is c]ta9ly "r 9 proce$+ s3 !re is a "t = ev]y?+1 & on occasion we mu/ le>n to be j an eye focuss$ ^u be+4 ,b t does n at all exclude ! possibility ( future works1 treat+ 9 due ord] ( ! problem ( human de/9y1 & p]haps ev5 9 ! "w s f> complet$ we may descry "s attempts to br+ ?is future )9 k54 ,b univ]sal evolution1 ?\gh creative1 is n = all t quixotic or an>*i/4 ,x =ms a sequ5ce4 ,x is a becom+ ) direction1 und\bt$ly due1 n to ! attraction ( a cle>ly preconceiv$ goal1 or ! guidance ( an out] law1 b to ! actual t5d5cy ( ! orig9al ?ru/4 ,9 spite ( ! /ation>y eddies or mom5t>y backwa%es we obs]ve "h & !re1 its /ream moves 9 a def9ite direction1 ev] swell+ & broad5+4 ,= ! spectator :o reg>ds ! g5]al sweep ( ! curr5t1 evolution is gr[?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he :o ?9ks ?is gr[? n[ end$ is "u a simple delusion3 ,! gates ( ! future /& wide op54 7,creative ,evolution1 page #aad47 ,9 ! /age at pres5t atta9$ man is lead+2 he m>ks ! culm9at+ po9t at :i* creation cont9ues2 9 him1 life has already succe$$1 at lea/ up to a c]ta9 po9t2 f him onw>ds x advances ) consci\sness capable ( reflection2 is x n = t v reason responsible = ! result8 ,life1 accord+ to ! new philosophy1 is a cont9ual creation ( :at is new3 new--be x well und]/ood--9 ! s5se ( gr[? & progress 9 relation to :at has gone be=e4 ,life1 9 a ^w1 is m5tal travel1 asc5t 9 a pa? ( gr[+ spiritualisation4 ,su* at lea/ is ! int5se desire1 & su* ! fir/ t5d5cy :i* laun*$ & /ill inspires x4 ,b x may fa9t1 halt1 or travel d[n ! hill4 ,?is is an und5iable fact2 & once recognis$ does x n awake 9 u ! pres5tim5t ( a direct+ law imman5t 9 vital ef=t1 a law d\btless n to be f\nd 9 any code1 nor yet b9d+ ?r\gh ! /]n behe/ ( me*anical necessity1 b a law :i* f9ds def9ition at e mom5t1 & at e mom5t also m>ks a direction ( progress1 be+ z x 7 ! %ift+ tang5t to ! curve ( becom+8 ,let u did t accord+ to ! new philosophy ! :ole ( our pa/ survives = ev] 9 u1 & by means ( u results 9 action4 ,x is !n lit]ally true t our acts d to a c]ta9 ext5t involve ! :ole univ]se1 & its :ole hi/ory3 ! act :i* we make x accompli% w exi/ h5ce=w>d = ev]1 & w = ev] t+e univ]sal duration ) its indelible %ade4 ,does n t imply an imp]i\s1 urg5t1 solemn1 & tragic problem ( action8 ,nay1 m2 memory makes a p]si/5t reality ( evil1 z ( good4 ,:]e are we to f9d ! means to aboli% & reabsorb ! evil8 ,:at 9 ! individual is call$ memory becomes tradition & jo9t responsibility 9 ! race4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a direct+ law is imman5t 9 life1 b 9 ! %ape ( an appeal to endless transc5d5ce4 ,9 deal+ ) ?is future transc5d5t to our daily life1 ) ?is fur!r %ore ( pres5t exp]i5ce1 :]e are we to seek ! inspir+ /r5g?8 ,& is !re n gr\nd = ask+ ourselves :e!r intuitions h n aris5 "h & !re 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 light+ up ! d>k road ( ! future = u ) a prophetic ray ( dawn8 ,x is at ?is po9t t ! new philosophy w\ld f9d place = ! problem ( religion4 ,b ?is ^w religion1 :i* has n come once s f> f ,mr ,b]gson's p51 com+ n[ f m9e1 w>ns me t x is "t to end4 ,no man today w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 =esee+ ! conclusions to :i* ! doctr9e ( creative evolution w "o day und\bt$ly lead on ?is po9t4 ,m ?an any o!r1 ,i mu/ =get "h :at ,i myself may h else:]e tri$ to d 9 ?is ord] ( ideas4 ,b x 0 impossible n to feel ! approa* ( ! temptation4 ,mr ,b]gson's "w is extraord9>ily sugge/ive4 ,8 books1 s measur$ 9 tone1 s tranquil 9 h>mony1 awak5 9 u a my/]y ( pres5tim5t & imag9ation2 !y rea* ! hidd5 retreats :]e ! spr+s ( consci\sness well up4 ,long aft] we h clos$ !m we are %ak5 )92 /rangely mov$1 we li/5 to ! deep5+ e*o1 pass+ on & on4 ,h[ev] valuable already _! explicit cont5ts may be1 !y rea* /ill fur!r ?an !y aim$4 ,x is impossible to tell :at lat5t g]ms !y fo/]4 ,x is impossible to guess :at lies beh9d ! b\ndless di/ance ( ! horizons !y expose4 ,b ?is at lea/ is sure3 ^! books h v]ily begun a new "w 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght4 ,,additional ,,explanations ,i4 ,mr ,b]gson's ,"w & ! ,g5]al ,directions ( ,contempor>y ,?\ght4 ,a broad survey ( ! new philosophy 0 b\nd to be some:at rapid & summ>y2 & n[ t ?is is complet$ x w d\btless n be sup]flu\s to come back1 on ! same plan z be=e1 to "s m important or m difficult individual po9ts1 & to exam9e by !mselves ! mo/ prom95t c5tres on :i* we %\ld focus ! light ( our att5tion4 ,n t ,i int5d to probe 9 m9ute detail ! folds & turns ( a doctr9e :i* admits ( inf9ite developm5t3 h[ c ,i claim to exhau/ a "w ( su* pr(\nd ?\ght t ! lea/ pass+ example employ$ takes its place z a p>ticul> /udy8 ,/ill less d ,i wi% to und]take a k9d ( analytic resume2 no und]tak+ c\ld be less pr(itable ?an t ( arrang+ p>agraph head+s to repeat too briefly1 & !re=e obscurely1 :at a ?9k] has said )\t any extravagance ( language1 yet ) e requisite explanation4 ,! critic's true task1 z ,i und]/& x1 9 no way consi/s 9 draw+ up a table ( cont5ts /rewn ) qualify+ notes4 ,8 task is to read & enable o!rs to read betwe5 ! l9es1 betwe5 ! *apt]s1 & betwe5 ! successive works1 :at con/itutes ! dynamic tie betwe5 !m1 all t ! l9e> =m ( writ+ & language has n all[$ ! au?or himself to elucidate4 ,8 task is1 z f> z possible1 to ma/] ! accompanim5t ( und]ly+ ?\ght :i* produc$ ! resonant atmosph]e ( ! inquir]'s intuition1 ! rhy?m & ton+ ( ! image1 result+ 9 ! %ade ( light :i* falls ^u 8 vision4 ,8 task1 9 a ^w1 is to help und]/&+1 & !re=e to po9t out & anticipate ! misund]/&+s to be fe>$4 ,n[ x seems to me t !re are a few po9ts r\nd :i* ! errors ( int]pretation m naturally ga!r1 produc+ "s a/\nd+ misconceptions ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy4 ,x is ^! po9ts only t ,i propose to cle> up4 ,b at ! same "t ,i %all use ! opportunity to supply in=mation ab\t au?orities1 :i* ,i h hi!rto delib]ately omitt$1 to avoid riddl+ ) ref]5ces pages :i* 7 prim>ily int5d$ to imp>t a g5]al impression4 ,let u beg9 by glanc+ at ! milieu ( ?\ght 9 :i* ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy mu/ h _h bir?4 ,= ! la/ ?irty ye>s new curr5ts are traceable4 ,9 :at direction d !y g8 ,& :at di/ance h !y already gone8 ,:at1 9 %ort1 are ! intellectual *>act]i/ics ( our "t8 ,we mu/ endeav\r to di/+ui% ! deep] t5d5cies1 ^? :i* h]ald & prep>e & ne> future4 ,"o ( ! ess5tial & frequ5tly cit$ features ( ! g5]ation 9 :i* ,ta9e & ,r5an 7 ! mo/ prom95t lead]s 0 ! passionate1 en?usia/ic1 some:at exclusive & intol]ant cult ( positive sci5ce4 ,?is sci5ce1 9 its days ( pride1 0 consid]$ unique1 display$ on a plane by itself1 always uni=mly compet5t1 capable ( gripp+ any object :atev] ) ! same /r5g?1 & ( ins]t+ x 9 ! ?read ( "o & ! same unbrok5 connection4 ,! dream ( t "t1 despite all v]bal palliations1 0 a univ]sal sci5ce ( ma!matics3 ma!matics1 ( c\rse1 ) _! b>e & brutal rig\r s(t5$ & %ad$ (f1 :]e feasible2 if possible1 supple & s5sitive2 9 ideal1 delicate1 buoyant1 & judici\s2 b ma!matics gov]n$ f end to end by an equal necessity4 ,conceiv$ z ! sole mi/ress ( tru?1 ?is sci5ce 0 expect$ 9 days to come to fulfil all ! ne$s ( man1 & unres]v$ly to take ! place ( anci5t spiritual discipl9e4 ,g5u9e philosophy _h _h its day3 all metaphysics seem$ deception & fantasy1 a simple play ( empty =mulae or pu]ile dreams1 a my?ical procession ( ab/raction & phantom2 religion itself pal$ be=e sci5ce1 z poetry ( ! grey morn+ be=e ! spl5d\r ( ! ris+ sun4 ,h[ev]1 aft] all ?is pride came ! turn ( humility1 & humility ( ! v l[e/4 ,?is deifi$ sci5ce1 borne d[n 9 its h\r ( triumph by too heavy a weight1 _h necess>ily be5 recognis$ z p[]less to g beyond ! ord] ( relations1 & radically incapable ( tell+ u ! orig91 end1 & basis ( ?+s4 ,x analys$ ! conditions ( ph5om5a1 b 0 ill-suit$ ev] to grasp any real cause1 or any deep ess5ce4 ,fur!r1 x became ! ,unkn[able1 be=e :i* ! human m9d c\ld only halt 9 despair4 ,& 9 ?is way de/itution arose out ( ambition itself1 s9ce ?\ght1 aft] tru/+ too exclusively to its geometrical /r5g?1 0 compell$ at ! end ( its ef=t to confess itself beat5 :5 confront$ ) ! only que/ions to :i* no man may ev] be indiff]5t4 ,?is d\ble attitude is no long] t ( ! contempor>y g5]ation4 ,! pre/ige ( illusion has vani%$4 ,9 ! religion ( sci5ce we see n[ no?+ b idolatry4 ,! haughty affirmation ( ye/]day appe>s today1 n z express+ a positive fact or a result duly e/abli%$1 b z br++ =w>d a !sis ( p]il\s & unconsci\s metaphysics4 ,let u g ev5 fur!r4 ,if true intellig5ce is m5tal expansion & aptitude = und]/&+ widely diff]5t ?+s1 ea* 9 its orig9ality1 to ! same degree1 we mu/ say t ! claim to r$uce reality to "o only ( its modes1 to "k x 9 "o only ( its =ms1 is an un9tellig5t claim4 ,t is1 9 brief =mula1 ! v]dict ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 t x 9 any way misconceives or disda9s ! true value ( sci5ce1 :e!r z an in/rum5t ( action = ! conque/ ( nature1 or z intelligible language1 all[+ u to "k our :]eab\ts 9 ?+s & talk !m4 ,x is aw>e t 9 all circum/ances positive me?ods h _! evid5ce to produce1 & t1 :]e !y pron\nce )9 ! limits ( _! p[]1 no?+ c /& aga9/ _! v]dict4 ,b x consid]s fir/ ( all t sci5ce 0 conceiv$ ( late "u mu* too /iff & n>r[ a =m1 "u ! obsession ( too ab/ract a ma!matical ideal :i* corresponds to "o aspect ( reality only1 & t ! %all[e/4 ,& x consid]s aft]w>ds t sci5ce1 ev5 :5 broad5$ & made flexible1 be+ conc]n$ only ) :at is1 ) fact & datum1 rema9s radically p[]less to solve ! problem ( human life4 ,n[h]e does sci5ce p5etrate to ! v dep? ( ?+s1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! _w b ?+s4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n :]e ! dream ( univ]sal ma!matics leads u4 ,numb] is driv5 to ! he>t ( ph5om5a & nature dissect$ ) ?is delicate scalpel4 ,speak+ 9 m g5]al t]ms1 we adopt spatial relation z ! p]fect example ( intelligible relation4 ,i d n wi% to d5y ! use ( su* a me?od n[ & aga91 ! s]vices x may r5d]1 or ! beauty ( con/ruction peculi> to ! sy/ems x inspires4 ,b we mu/ see :at price we pay = ^! advantages4 ,d we *oose geometry = an in=m+ & regulat+ sci5ce8 ,! m we advance t[>ds ! concrete & ! liv+1 ! m we feel ! necessity ( alt]+ ! pure ma!matical type4 ,! sci5ces1 z !y get fur!r f in]t matt]1 unless !y agree to re=m1 pale & weak52 !y become vague1 impot5t1 anaemic2 !y t\* little b ! trite surface ( _! object1 ! body1 n ! s\l2 9 !m symbolism1 artifice1 & relativity become increas+ly evid5t2 at l5g?1 arbitr>y & conv5tional elem5ts crop up & dev\r !m4 ,9 a ^w1 ! claim to treat ! liv+ z in]t matt] conduces to ! misconception 9 life ( life itself1 & ! ret5tion ( no?+ b ! mat]ial wa/e4 ,?is exp]i5ce furni%es u ) a lesson4 ,!re is n s mu* "o sci5ce z sev]al sci5ces1 ea* di/+ui%$ by an autonom\s me?od1 & divid$ into two great k+doms4 ,let u !re=e f ! outset foll[ ,mr ,b]gson 9 trac+ a v %>p l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! in]t & ! liv+4 ,two ord]s ( k w !reby become sep>ate1 "o 9 :i* ! frames ( geometrical und]/&+ are 9 place1 ! o!r :]e new means & a new attitude are requir$4 ,! ess5tial task ( ! pres5t h\r w n[ appe> to u 9 a precise light2 x w h5ce=w>d consi/1 )\t any disreg>d ( a glori\s pa/1 9 an ef=t to f\nd z specifically di/9ct me?ods ( in/ruction ^? sci5ces :i* take = objects ! successive mom5ts ( life 9 its diff]5t degrees1 biology1 psy*ology1 sociology2--!n 9 an ef=t to recon/ruct1 sett+ out f ^! new sci5ces & accord+ to _! _s1 ! l ( :at anci5t philosophy _h attempt$1 sett+ out f geometry & me*anics4 ,by s do+ we %all succe$ 9 ?r[+ k op5 to receive all ! weal? ( reality1 :ile at ! same "t we %all re9/ate ! s5se ( my/]y & ! ?rill ( high] anxieties4 ,a fur!r result w be t ! phantom ( ! ,unkn[able w be exorcis$1 s9ce x no long] repres5ts any?+ b ! relative & mom5t>y limit ( ea* me?od1 ! portion ( be+ :i* escapes its p>tial grip4 ,?is is "o ( ! fir/ controll+ ideas ( ! contempor>y g5]ation4 ,o!rs result f x4 ,m p>ticul>ly1 x is = ! same body ( motives1 9 ! same s5se1 & ) ! same re/rictions1 t we di/ru/ intellectualism2 ,i mean ! t5d5cy to live uniquely by intellig5ce1 to ?9k z if ! :ole ( ?\ght consi/$ 9 analytic1 cle> & reason+ und]/&+4 ,once aga91 x is n a "q ( "s bl9d ab&onm5t to s5tim5t1 imag9ation1 or w1 nor d we claim to re/rict ! legitimate rights ( intellectuality 9 judgm5t4 ,b ar\nd critical reason !re is a quick5+ atmosph]e 9 :i* dwell ! p[]s ( intuition1 !re is a half-light ( gradual tones 9 :i* ins]tion into reality is effect$4 ,if by rationalism we mean ! attitude :i* consi/s 9 cab9+ ourselves )9 ! zone ( geometrical light 9 :i* language evolves1 we mu/ admit t rationalism supposes some?+ o!r ?an itself1 t x hangs susp5d$ by a g5]at+ act :i* escapes x4 ,! me?od !re=e :i* we seek to employ ev]y:]e today is exp]i5ce2 b complete exp]i5ce1 anxi\s to neglect no aspect ( be+ nor any res\rce ( m9d2 %ad$ exp]i5ce1 n ext5d+ on ! surface only1 9 a homog5e\s & uni=m mann]2 on ! contr>y1 an exp]i5ce di/ribut$ 9 dep? ov] multiple planes1 adopt+ a ?\s& diff]5t =ms to adapt itself to ! diff]5t k9ds ( problems2 9 %ort1 a creative & in=m+ exp]i5ce1 a v]itable g5esis1 a g5u9e action ( ?\ght1 a "w & movem5t ( life by :i* ! guid+ pr9ciples1 =ms ( intelligibility1 & crit]ia ( v]ification obta9 bir? & /ability 9 habits4 ,& "h aga9 x is by borr[+ ,mr ,b]gson's own =mula f him t we %all mo/ accurately describe ! new _s4 ,t ! attitude & fundam5tal proc$ure ( ?is new _s are 9 no way a return to scepticism or a reaction aga9/ ?\ght _c be bett] demon/rat$ ?an by ?is resurrection ( metaphysics1 ?is r5aissance ( idealism1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ di/9ctive features ( our epo*4 ,und\bt$ly philosophy 9 ,france has nev] kn[n s prosp]\s & s pregnant a mom5t4 ,not)/&+1 x is n a return to ! old dreams ( dialectic con/ruction4 ,ev]y?+ is reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( life1 & !re is a t5d5cy m & m to recognise ! primacy ( spiritual activity4 ,b we wi% to und]/& & employ ?is activity & ?is life 9 all its weal?1 9 all its degrees1 & by all its functions3 we wi% to ?9k ) ! :ole ( ?\ght1 & g to ! tru? ) ! :ole ( our s\l2 & ! reason ( :i* we recognise ! sov]eign weight is reason lad5 ) its complete pa/ hi/ory4 ,& :at is t1 really1 b realism8 ,by realism ,i mean ! gift ( ourselves to reality1 ! "w ( concrete realisation1 ! ef=t to conv]t e idea into action1 to regulate ! idea by ! action z mu* z ! action by ! idea1 to live :at we ?9k & ?9k :at we live4 ,b t is positivism1 y w say2 c]ta9ly x is positivism4 ,b h[ *ang$6 ,f> f consid]+ z positive only t :i* c be an object ( s5sation or calculation1 we beg9 by greet+ ! great spiritual realities ) ?is title4 ,! deep & liv+ aspiration ( our day is 9 ev]y?+ to seek ! s\l1 ! s\l :i* specifies & quick5s1 seek x by an ef=t t[>ds ! reveal+ sympa?y :i* is g5u9e intellig5ce1 seek x 9 ! concrete1 )\t dissolv+ ?\ght 9 dreams or language1 )\t los+ contact ) ! body or critical control1 seek x1 9 f9e1 z ! mo/ real & g5u9e "p ( be+4 ,h5ce its return to que/ions :i* 7 lately decl>$ out ( date & clos$2 h5ce its ta/e = problems ( ae/hetics & morality1 its close siege ( social & religi\s problems1 its homesickness = a fai? h>monis+ ! p[]s ( action & ! p[]s ( ?\ght2 h5ce its re/less desire to h>k back to tradition & discipl9e4 ,a new philosophy 0 requir$ to answ] ?is new way ( look+ at ?+s4 ,already1 9 #ahfg1 ,ravaisson 9 8 celebrat$ ,report wrote ^! prophetic l9es3 ,_m signs p]mit u to =esee 9 ! ne> future a philosophical epo* ( :i* ! g5]al "* w be ! pr$om9ance ( :at may be call$ spirituali/ realism or positivism1 hav+ z g5]at+ pr9ciple ! consci\sness :i* ! m9d has 9 itself ( an exi/5ce recognis$ z be+ ! s\rce & support ( e o!r exi/5ce1 be+ none o!r ?an its action4 ,?is prophetic view 0 fur!r comm5t$ on 9 a "w :]e ,mr ,b]gson speaks ) j praise ( ?is %rewd & p5etrat+ s5se ( :at 0 com+3 ,:at c\ld be bold] or m novel ?an to come & pr$ict to ! physici/s t ! in]t w be expla9$ by ! liv+1 to biologi/s t life w only be und]/ood by ?\ght1 to philosoph]s t g5]alities are n philosophic8 7,notice on ! ,life & ,works ( ,m4 ,felix ,ravaisson-,moli51 9 ! ,reports ( ! ,academy ( ,moral & ,political ,sci5ces1 #aijd47 ,b let u give ea* 8 due4 ,:at ,ravaisson _h only anticipat$ ,mr ,b]gson himself accompli%es1 ) a precision :i* gives body to ! impalpable & float+ brea? ( fir/ inspiration1 ) a dep? :i* r5ews bo? pro( & !ses alike1 ) a creative orig9ality :i* prev5ts ! critic :o is anxi\s = ju/ice & precision f insi/+ on any rese>*es e/abli%+ connection ( ?\ght4 ,"o reason = ! popul>ity today enjoy$ by ?is new philosophy is d\btless to be f\nd 9 ! v t5d5cies ( ! milieu 9 :i* x is produc$ & 9 ! aspirations :i* "w x4 ,b1 aft] once rem>k+ ^! desires1 we mu/ fur!r n =get t ,mr ,b]gson has contribut$ m ?an anyone else to awak5 !m1 det]m9e !m1 & make !m become consci\s ( !mselves4 ,let u !re=e try to und]/& 9 itself & by itself ! "w ( g5ius ( :i* j n[ we 7 seek+ ! dawn+ gleams4 ,:at syn!tic =mula w be be/ able to tell u ! ess5tial direction ( its movem5t8 ,i w borr[ x f ! au?or himself3 ,x seems to me1 he writes1 7,philosophic ,intuition 9 ! ,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,novemb] #aiaa47 t metaphysics are try+ at ?is mom5t to simplify !mselves1 to come ne>] to life4 ,e philosophy t5ds to become inc>nate 9 a sy/em :i* con/itutes = x a k9d ( body ( analysis4 ,reg>d$ lit]ally1 x appe>s to be an inf9ite complication1 a complex con/ruction ) a ?\s& alcoves ( high ar*itecture1 9 :i* measures h be5 tak5 to provide ample lodg+ = all problems4 7,ibid47 ,d n let u be deceiv$ by ?is appe>ance3 x signifies only t language is incomm5surable ) ?\ght1 t spee* admits ( endless multiplication 9 approximations incapable ( exhau/+ _! object4 ,b be=e con/ruct+ su* a body = itself1 all philosophy is a s\l1 a m9d1 & beg9s ) ! simple unity ( a g5]at+ intuition4 ,"h is ! fitt+ po9t at :i* to see its ess5ce2 ?is is :at det]m9es x mu* bett] ?an its conceptual expression1 :i* is always cont+5t & incomplete4 ,a philosophy wor?y ( ! "n has nev] said b "o ?+2 & t ?+ x has r attempt$ to say ?an actually said4 ,& x has only said "o ?+1 because x has only se5 "o po9t3 & t 0 n s mu* vision z contact2 ?is contact suppli$ an impulse1 ?is impulse a movem5t1 & if ?is movem5t1 :i* is a k9d ( vortex ( a c]ta9 p>ticul> =m1 is only visible to our eyes by :at x has pick$ up on its pa?1 x is no less true t o!r du/ might equally well h be5 rais$1 & t x w\ld /ill h be5 ! same vortex4 7,philosophic ,intuition 9 ! ,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,novemb] #aiaa47 ,h5ce comes ! fact t a philosophy is at bottom mu* m indep5d5t ( its natal environm5t ?an "o might at fir/ suppose2 h5ce also ! fact t anci5t philosophies1 ?\gh app>5tly relative to a sci5ce :i* is out ( date1 rema9 always liv+ & wor?y ( /udy4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! orig9al intuition ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy1 ! creative intuition :5ce x comes =?8 ,we _c hesitate long3 x is ! intuition ( duration4 ,t is ! p]spective c5tre to :i* we mu/ indefatigably return2 t is ! pr9ciple :i* we mu/ lab\r to expose 9 its full light2 & t is1 f9ally1 ! s\rce ( light :i* w illum9e u4 ,n[ a philosophy is n only an express$ intuition2 x is fur!r & above all an act+ intuition1 gradually det]m9$ & realis$1 & te/$ by its explanatory works2 & x is by its fruits t we c und]/& & judge x4 ,h5ce ! review ^u :i* we are ent]+4 ,,ii4 ,imm$iacy4 ,! philosoph]'s fir/ duty is 9 cle> language to decl>e 8 />t+-po9t1 ) :at a ma!matician w\ld call ! tang5t to ! orig9 ( ! pa? along :i* he is travell+1 z aft]w>ds ! critic's fir/ duty is to describe ?is initial attitude4 ,i h !re=e fir/ ( all to indicate ! direct+ idea ( ! new philosophy4 ,b x is n a "q ( extract+ a qu9tess5ce1 or ( f5c+ ! s\l ( doctr9e )9 a few summ>y =mulae4 ,a sy/em is n to be resum$ 9 a phrase1 = e proposition isolat$ is a proposition falsifi$4 ,i wi% m]ely to elucidate ! me?odical pr9ciple :i* inspires ! beg9n+ ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy4 ,to philosophy itself falls ! task & belongs ! "r to def9e itself gradually z x becomes con/itut$4 ,on ?is po9t1 an anticipation ( exp]i5ce seems h>dly possible2 "h1 z else:]e1 ! f9d+ ( a syn!tic =mula is a f9al r ?an prelim9>y "q4 ,h[ev]1 we are oblig$ f ! outset ( ! "w to det]m9e ! programme ( ! inquiry1 if only to direct our rese>*4 ,x is ! same on ! ?re%old ( e sci5ce4 ,!re1 x is true1 ! analogy ceases4 ,= 9 any sci5ce prop]ly speak+ ! det]m9ation ( beg9n+ consi/s 9 ! indication ( an object1 & a matt]1 & beyond t1 to ea* new object a new sci5ce reciprocally corresponds1 ! exi/5ce ( ! "o involv+ ! legitimacy ( ! o!r4 ,b if ! v>i\s sci5ces--,i mean ! positive sci5ces--divide diff]5t objects ?us betwe5 !m1 philosophy _c1 9 its turn1 come =w>d z a p>ticul> sci5ce1 hav+ a di/9ct object1 ! designation ( :i* w\ld be suffici5t to *>act]ise & circumscribe x4 ,su* 0 always ! traditional conception3 su* w ours cont9ue to be4 ,=1 z a matt] ( fact1 e object has a philosophy & all matt] c be reg>d$ philosophically4 ,9 %ort1 philosophy is *iefly a way ( p]ceiv+ & ?9k+1 an attitude & a proce$+3 ! peculi> & specific 9 x is m an intuition ?an a cont5t1 a _s r ?an a doma94 ,:at1 !n1 is ! *>act]i/ic function ( philosophy1 at lea/ its initial function1 t :i* m>ks its op5+8 ,to criticise ! works ( k spontane\sly effect$2 t is to say1 to scrut9ise _! direction1 rea*1 & conditions3 t is today ! unanim\s answ] ( philosoph]s :5 que/ion$ ab\t ! goal ( _! lab\rs4 ,9 o!r t]ms1 :at !y /udy is n s mu* su* & su* a p>ticul> ?+ z ! relation ( m9d to ea* ( ! realities to be /udi$4 ,_! object1 if we mu/ employ ! ^w1 is k itself1 x is ! act ( kn[+ reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( its mean+ & value4 ,philosophy ?us appe>s z a new ord] ( k1 co-ext5sive ) :at is kn[able1 z a k9d ( k ( ! second degree1 9 :i* x is less a "q ( le>n+ ?an ( und]/&+1 9 :i* we aim at progress+ 9 dep? r ?an 9 ext5t2 n ef=t to ext5d ! quantity ( k1 b reflection on ! quality ( ?is k4 ,spontane\s ?\ght--vulg> or sci5tific--is a direct1 simple1 & practical ?\ght turn$ t[>ds ?+s & p>tial to useful results2 seek+ :at is =mulable r ?an :at is true1 or at lea/ s fond ( =mulae :i* c be h&l$1 manipulat$1 or transmitt$1 t x is always tempt$ to see ! tru? 9 !m2 a ?\ght :i*1 moreov]1 sets out f m or less ungu>d$ po/ulates1 ab&ons itself to ! motive impulses ( habits contract$1 & goes /raight on indef9itely )\t self-exam9ation4 ,philosophy1 on ! contr>y1 desires to be ?\ght ab\t ?\ght1 ?\ght retrac+ its life & "w1 k lab\r+ to "k itself1 fact :i* aspires to fact ab\t itself1 m5tal ef=t to become free1 to become entirely transp>5t & lum9\s 9 its own eyes1 &1 if ne$ be1 to effect self-re=m by dissipat+ its natural illusions4 ,:at we h be=e our eyes !n are ! initial po/ulates !mselves1 ! fir/ spontane\s ?\ghts1 ! obscure orig9s ( reason2 & we are proce$+ t[>ds a po9t ( dep>ture r ?an arrival4 ,! new philosophy does n refuse to c>ry out ?is fir/ critical task2 b x c>ries x out 9 its own way aft] det]m9+ m precisely ! real conditions ( ! problem4 ,at ! h\r :5 me?odical rese>* beg9s1 ! philosoph]'s m9d is n clean-swept2 & x w\ld be *im]ical to wi% to place oneself f ! beg9n+1 by "s act ( transc5d5ce1 outside common ?\ght4 ,?is ?\ght _c be inspect$ & judg$ f outside4 ,x con/itutes1 :e!r we wi% x or no1 ! sole concrete & positive po9t ( dep>ture4 ,let u add t common-s5se con/itutes also our sole po9t ( ins]tion into reality4 ,x c only !n be a "q ( purify+ x1 n 9 any way ( replac+ x4 ,b we mu/ di/+ui% 9 x :at is pure fact1 & :at is ult]ior arrangem5t1 9 ord] to see :at are ! problems :i* really are pres5t$1 & :at are1 on ! contr>y1 ! false problems1 ! illusory problems1 ^? :i* relate only to our artifices ( language4 ,! se>* = facts is !n ! fir/ necess>y mom5t ( all philosophy4 ,b common ?\ght comes be=e u at ! outset z a piece ( v composite alluvial gr\nd4 ,x is a beg9n+ ( positive sci5ce1 & also a residue ( all philosophical op9ions :i* h _h "s vogue4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n its prim>y basis4 ,primum viv]e1 de9de philosoph>i1 says ! prov]b4 ,9 c]ta9 respects1 speculation is a luxury1 :il/ action is a necessity4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #dg47 ,b life requires u to appreh5d ?+s 9 ! relation !y h to our ne$s4 7,laught]1 page #aed47 ,h5ce comes ! fundam5tal utilit>ianism ( common-s5se4 ,!re=e if we wi% to def9e x 9 itself & = itself1 & no long] z a fir/ approximation ( su* & su* a sy/em ( metaphysics1 x appe>s to u no long] z rudim5t>y sci5ce & philosophy1 b z an organisation ( ?\ght 9 view ( practical life4 ,?us x is t outside all speculative op9ion x is effectively liv$ by all4 ,its prop] language1 we may say1 is ! language ( cu/om>y p]ception & me*anical fabrication1 !re=e a language relative to action1 made to express action1 modell$ ^u action1 translat+ ?+s by ! relations !y ma9ta9 to our action2 ,i mean our corporal & syn!tic action1 :i* v evid5tly implies ?\ght1 s9ce x is a "q ( ! action ( a reasonable be+1 b :i* ?us conta9s a ?\ght :i* is itself em95tly practical4 ,h[ev]1 we are "h reg>d+ common-s5se consid]$ z a s\rce ( fact4 ,its utilit>ianism !n becomes a k9d ( spontane\s metaphysics f :i* we mu/ deta* ourselves4 ,b is x n ! v task ( positive sci5ce to execute ?is "w ( purification8 ,no?+ ( ! k9d1 despite appe>ances & despite int5tions4 ,let u exam9e m closely4 ,! g5]al categories ( common ?\ght1 accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson1 7,philosophic ,intuition 9 ! ,metaphysical & ,moral ,review1 ,novemb] #aiaa1 page #hbe47 rema9 ^? ( sci5ce2 ! ma9 roads trac$ by our s5ses ?r\gh ! cont9uity ( reality are /ill ^? along :i* sci5ce w pass2 p]ception is an infant sci5ce & sci5ce an adult p]ception2 s mu* s t cu/om>y k & sci5tific k1 bo? ( !m de/9$ to prep>e our action ^u ?+s1 are ( necessity two visions ( ! same k9d1 ?\gh ( unequal precision & rea*4 ,x does n foll[ t sci5ce does n practise a c]ta9 dis9t]e/$ness z f> z imm$iate me*anical utility is conc]n$2 x does n foll[ t x has no value z k4 ,b x does n set itself g5u9ely free f ! habits contract$ 9 common exp]i5ce1 & to in=m its rese>* x pres]ves ! po/ulates ( common-s5se2 s t x always grasps ?+s by _! actable side1 by _! po9t ( contact ) our faculty = action1 "u ! =ms by :i* we h&le !m conceptually or practically1 & all x atta9s ( reality is t by :i* nature is a possible object ( language or indu/ry4 ,let u turn n[ t[>ds ano!r aspect ( natural ?\ght1 to discov] 9 x ! g]m ( ! necess>y criticism4 ,by ! side ( common-s5se1 :i* is ! fir/ r\gh-draft ( positive sci5ce1 !re is good s5se1 :i* diff]s f x pr(\ndly1 & m>ks ! beg9n+ ( :at we %all lat] on call philosophic intuition4 7,cf4 an address on ,good ,s5se & ,classical ,/udies1 deliv]$ by ,mr ,b]gson at ! ,conc\rs g5]al prize di/ribution1 #cj? ,july #ahie47 ,x is a s5se ( :at is real1 concrete1 orig9al1 liv+1 an art ( equilibrium & precision1 a f9e t\* = complexities1 cont9ually feel+ l ! ant5nae ( "s insects4 ,x conta9s a c]ta9 di/ru/ ( ! logical faculty 9 respect ( itself2 x wages incessant w> ^u intellectual automatism1 ^u ready-made ideas & l9e> d$uction2 above all1 x is anxi\s to locate & to weigh1 )\t any ov]sights2 x arre/s ! developm5t ( e pr9ciple & e me?od at ! precise po9t :]e too brutal an application w\ld (f5d ! delicacy ( reality2 at e mom5t x collects ! :ole ( our exp]i5ce & organises x 9 view ( ! pres5t4 ,x is1 9 a ^w1 ?\ght :i* keeps its fre$om1 activity :i* rema9s awake1 suppl5ess ( attitude1 att5tion to life1 an ev]-r5ew$ adju/m5t to suit ev]-new situations4 ,its reveal+ virtue is d]iv$ f ?is mov+ contact ) fact1 & ?is liv+ ef=t ( sympa?y4 ,?is is :at we mu/ t5d to transpose f ! practical to ! speculative ord]4 ,:at1 !n1 w be = u ! beg9n+ ( philosophy8 ,aft] tak+ cognisance ( common utilit>ianism1 & to em]ge f ! relativity 9 :i* x buries u1 we seek a dep>ture-po9t1 a crit]ion1 some?+ :i* decides ! rais+ ( inquiry4 ,:]e are we to f9d su* a pr9ciple1 except 9 ! v action ( ?\ght2 ,i mean1 ?is "t1 its action ( pr(\nd life indep5d5t ( all practical aim8 ,we %all ?us only be imitat+ ! example ( ,desc>tes :5 solv+ ! problem ( tempor>y d\bt4 ,:at we %all t]m return to ! imm$iate1 ! primitive1 ! pure fact1 w be ! tak+ ( ea* p]ception consid]$ z an act liv$1 a col\r$ mom5t ( ! ,cogito1 & ?is w be = u a crit]ion & dep>ture-po9t4 ,let u specify ?is po9t4 ,imm$iate data or primitive data or pure data are appreh5d$ by u "u =ms ( dis9t]e/$ action2 ,i mean t !y are fir/ ( all liv$ r ?an conceiv$1 t be=e becom+ mat]ial = sci5ce1 !y appe> z mom5ts ( life2 9 brief1 t p]ception ( !m prec$es _! use4 ,x is at ?is /age previ\s to language t we are by ^! pure data 9 intimate communion ) reality itself1 & ! :ole ( our critical task is to return to !m ?r\gh a regressive analysis1 ! goal ( :i* is gradually to make our cle> intellig5ce equal to our primordial intuition4 ,! latt] already con/itutes a ?\ght1 a preconceptual ?\ght :i* is ! intr9sic light ( action1 :i* is action itself s f> z x is lum9\s4 ,?us !re is no "q "h ( re/rict+ 9 any degree ! "p play$ by ?\ght1 b only ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! p]ceptive & !oretic functions ( m9d4 ,:at is ! image ( :i* ,mr ,b]gson speaks at ! beg9n+ ( ,matt] & ,m9d except1 :5 grasp$ 9 its fir/ movem5t1 ! fla% ( consci\s exi/5ce 9 :i* ! act ( k co9cides ) ! g5]at+ act ( reality8 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 philosophical vocabul>y1 article ,imm$iate47 ,let u =get all philosophical controv]sies ab\t realism & idealism2 let u try to recon/ruct = ourselves a simplicity1 a virg9al & c&id glance1 free+ u f ! habits contract$ 9 ! c\rse ( practical life4 ,^! !n are our images3 n ?+s pres5t$ ext]nally1 nor /ates felt int]nally1 n portraits ( ext]ior be+s nor projections ( int]nal moods1 b appe>ances1 9 ! etymological s5se ( ! ^w1 appe>ances liv$ simply1 )\t our be+ di/+ui%$ f !m1 z yet nei!r subjective nor objective1 m>k+ a mom5t ( consci\sness previ\s to ! "w ( reflection1 f :i* proce$s ! duality ( subject & object4 ,& su* also1 9 e ord]1 appe> ! imm$iate feel+s2 z action 9 bir?1 previ\s to language4 7,cf4 ,matt] & ,memory1 ,=eword to ! #g? edition47 ,:y dep>t f ! imm$iate ?us conceiv$ z action & life8 ,because x is q impossible to d o!rwise1 = e initial fact c be only su* a pulsation ( consci\sness 9 its liv$ act1 & ! fundam5tal & primitive direction ( ! lea/ ^w1 7 x 9 an enunciation ( a problem or a d\bt1 c only be su* a direction ( life & action4 ,& we mu/ c]ta9ly accord to ?is imm$iacy a value ( absolute k1 s9ce x realises ! co9cid5ce ( be+ & k4 ,b let u n ?9k t ! p]ception ( imm$iacy is simple passive p]ception1 t x is suffici5t to op5 our eyes to obta9 x1 today :5 our utilit>ian education is complet$ & has pass$ into ! /ate ( habit4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 common exp]i5ce & ! initial action ( life2 ! fir/ is a practical limitation ( ! second4 ,h5ce x foll[s t a previ\s criticism is necess>y to return f "o to ! o!r1 a criticism always 9 activity1 always op5 z a way ( progressive inve/igation1 always ready = ! reit]ation & ! r5ewal ( ef=t4 ,9 ?is task ( purification !re is d\btless always to be fe>$ an illusion ( rema9+ 9 ! primitive /age4 ,by :at crit]ia1 by :at signs c we recognise t we h t\*$ ! goal8 ,pure fact is %[n to be su* on ! "o h& because x rema9s indep5d5t ( all !oretical symbolism1 because ! critique ( language all[s x to exi/ ?us z an indissoluble residue1 because we are unable n to live x1 ev5 :5 we free ourselves f ! anxiety ( utility2 on ! o!r h&1 because x dom9ates all sy/ems1 & imposes itself equally ^u !m all z ! common s\rce f :i* !y d]ive by div]g+ analyses1 & 9 :i* !y become reconcil$4 ,assur$ly1 to atta9 x1 to extricate x1 we mu/ appeal to ! revelations ( sci5ce1 to ! ex]cise ( delib]ate ?\ght4 ,b ?is employm5t ( analysis aga9/ analysis does n 9 any way con/itute a circle1 = x t5ds only to de/roy prejudices :i* h become unconsci\s3 x is a simple artifice de/9$ to break (f habits & to scatt] illusions by *ang+ ! po9ts ( view4 ,once set free1 once aga9 become capable ( direct & simple view1 :at we accept z fact is :at be>s no trace ( syn!tic elaboration4 ,x is true t "h a la/ objection pres5ts itself3 h[ %all we ?9k ?is limit1 purely giv51 to any degree at all 9 fact1 if x mu/ prec$e all language8 ,! answ] is easy4 ,:y speak ?us ( limit8 ,?is ^w has two s5ses3 at "o "t x designates a la/ t]m 9 a s]ies ( approximations1 & at ano!r a c]ta9 int]nal "* ( conv]g5ce1 a c]ta9 quality ( progression4 ,n[1 x is ! second s5se only :i* suits ! case be=e u4 ,imm$iacy conta9s no matt] /atically def9$1 & no ?+4 ,! notion ( fact is q relative4 ,:at is fact 9 "o case may become con/ruction 9 ano!r4 ,= example1 ! p]cepts ( common exp]i5ce are facts = ! physici/1 & con/ructions = ! philosoph]2 ! same applies to a table ( num]ical results1 = ! s*ol> :o is try+ to e/abli% a !ory1 or = ! obs]v] & ! psy*ologi/4 ,we may !n conceive a s]ies 9 :i* ea* t]m is fact 9 relation to ^? :i* foll[ x1 & con/ruct$ 9 relation to ^? :i* prec$e x4 ,! expression primitive fact !n det]m9es n s mu* a f9al object z a direction ( ?\ght1 a movem5t ( critical retrogression1 a j\rney f ! mo/ to ! lea/ elaborate1 & ! contact ) pure imm$iacy is only ! ef=t1 m & m prolong$1 to conv]t ! elem5ts ( exp]i5ce into real & pr(\nd action4 ,,iii4 ,!ory ( ,p]ception4 ,( :at ! "w ( return to imm$iacy consi/s1 & h[ ! intuition :i* x calls up reveals absolute fact1 we %all see by an example1 if we /udy m closely a capital po9t ( ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy1 ! !ory ( ext]nal p]ception4 ,if ! act ( p]ceiv+ realises ! liv$ communion ( ! subject & object 9 ! image1 we mu/ admit t "h we h ! p]fect k :i* we wi% to obta9 always3 we resign ourselves to conception only = want ( p]ception1 & our ideal is to conv]t all conception into p]ception4 ,d\btless we might def9e philosophy by ?is same ideal1 z an ef=t to exp& our p]ceptive p[] until we r5d] x capable ( grasp+ all ! weal? & all ! dep? ( reality at a s+le glance4 ,too true x is t su* an ideal rema9s inaccessible to u4 ,some?+1 h[ev]1 is giv5 u already 9 ae/hetic intuition4 ,mr ,b]gson has po9t$ x out 9 "s admirable pages1 7,laught]1 pages #aec-afa47 & has expla9$ to u also h[ philosophy pursues an analog\s end4 7,fir/ lecture on ,! ,p]ception ( ,*ange1 deliv]$ at ,ox=d1 #bf? ,may #aiaa47 ,b philosophy mu/ be conceiv$ z an art imply+ sci5ce & criticism1 all exp]i5ce & all reason4 ,x is :5 we look at metaphysics 9 ?is way t !y become a positive ord] ( v]itable k4 ,kant has conclusively e/abli%$ t :at lies beyond language c only be atta9$ by direct vision1 n by dialectic progress4 ,8 mi/ake 0 t he aft]w>ds believ$ su* a vision = ev] impossible2 & :5ce did ?is mi/ake arise1 if n f ! fact t1 = 8 new vision1 he exact$ intuitive faculties q diff]5t f ^? at man's disposal4 ,"h aga9 ! arti/ w be our example & model4 ,he appeals to no transc5d5t s5se1 b deta*es common-s5se f its utilit>ian prejudices4 ,let u d ! same3 we %all obta9 a simil> result )\t ly+ ourselves op5 to ,kant's objections4 ,?is "w is ev]y:]e possible1 & x is1 p> excell5ce1 ! "w ( philosophy3 let u try !n to sket* x 9 relation to ! p]ception ( matt]4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% two s5ses ( ! ^w p]ception4 ,?is ^w means fir/ ( all simple appreh5sion ( imm$iacy1 grasp ( primitive fact4 ,:5 we use x 9 ?is s5se1 we w agree to say pure p]ception4 ,x is p]haps 9 place to see 9 x no?+ b a limit :i* concrete exp]i5ce nev] pres5ts unmix$1 a direction ( rese>* r ?an ! possession ( a ?+4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! fir/ s5se is ! fundam5tal s5se1 & :at x designates mu/ be at ! root ( all ord9>y p]ception2 ,i mean1 ( e m5tal op]ation :i* results 9 ! con/ruction ( a p]cept3 a t]m =m$ by analogy ) concept1 repres5t+ ! result ( a complex "w ( analysis & syn!sis1 ) judgm5t f ext]nals4 ,we live ! images 9 an act ( pure p]ception1 :il/ ! objects ( ord9>y p]ception are1 = example1 ! bodies ( :i* we speak 9 common language4 ,) reg>d to ! relation ( ! two s5ses :i* we h j di/+ui%$1 common op9ion seems v precise4 ,x might be ?us resum$3 at ! po9t ( dep>ture we h simple s5sations1 simil> to qualitative atoms 7?is is ! "p ( pure p]ception71 & aft]w>ds _! arrangem5t into connect$ sy/ems1 :i* are p]cepts4 ,b criticism does n au?orise ?is mann] ( look+ at x4 ,n[h]e does k beg9 by sep>ate elem5ts4 ,su* elem5ts are always a product ( analysis4 ,s !re is a problem to solve to rega9 ! basis ( pure p]ception :i* is hidd5 & obscur$ by our famili> p]cepts4 ,d n suppose t ! solution ( ?is problem is easy4 ,"o me?od only is ( any use3 to plunge into reality1 to become imm]s$ 9 x1 9 a long-pursu$ ef=t to assimilate all ! records ( common-s5se & positive sci5ce4 ,= we d n obta9 an intuition ( reality1 t is to say1 an intellectual sympa?y ) its inmo/ cont5t1 unless we h ga9$ its confid5ce by long companion%ip ) its sup]ficial manife/ations4 ,& x is n a "q m]ely ( assimilat+ ! lead+ facts2 we mu/ accumulate & melt !m d[n into su* an enorm\s mass t we are sure1 9 ?is fusion1 ( neutralis+ 9 "o ano!r all ! preconceiv$ & premature ideas :i* obs]v]s may h unconsci\sly all[$ to =m ! s$im5t ( _! obs]vations4 ,?us1 & only ?us1 is crude mat]iality to be dis5gag$ f kn[n facts4 7,introduction to ,metaphysics 9 ! ,metaphysical & ,moral ,review1 ,janu>y #aijc4 ,= ! correct int]pretation ( ?is passage 7intellectual sympa?y7 x mu/ n be =gott5 t be=e ,creative ,evolution1 ,mr ,b]gson employ$ ! ^w intellig5ce 9 a wid] acceptation1 m ak9 to t commonly receiv$47 ,a direct+ pr9ciple controls ?is "w & re9troduces ord] & conv]g5ce1 aft] disp5s+ ) !m at ! outset2 viz4 t1 contr>y to common op9ion1 p]ception z practis$ 9 ! c\rse ( daily life1 natural p]ception does n aim at a goal ( dis9t]e/$ k1 b "o ( practical utility1 or r1 if x is k1 x is only k elaborat$ 9 view ( action & spee*4 ,ne$ we repeat "h ! pro(s by :i* we h already e/abli%$ 9 ! mo/ positive mann] t su* is really ! mean+ ( ord9>y p]ception1 ! und]ly+ reason :i* causes x to take ! place ( pure p]ception8 ,we p]ceive by habit only :at is useful to u1 :at int]e/s u practically2 v (t51 too1 we ?9k we are p]ceiv+ :5 we are m]ely inf]r+1 z = example :5 we seem to see a di/ance 9 dep?1 a succession ( planes1 ( :i* 9 reality we judge by diff]5ces ( col\r+ or relief4 ,our s5ses supplem5t "o ano!r4 ,a sl[ education has gradually taught u to co-ord9ate _! impressions1 especially ^? ( t\* to ^? ( vision4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,note on ! ,psy*ological ,orig9s ( ,our ,belief 9 ! ,law ( ,causality4 ,vol4 i4 ( ! ,libr>y ( ! ,int]national ,philosophical ,congress1 #aijj47 ,!oretical =ms come betwe5 nature & u3 a veil ( symbols envelops reality2 ?us1 f9ally1 we no long] see ?+s !mselves1 we are cont5t to read ! labels on !m4 ,moreov]1 our p]ception appe>s to analysis completely saturat$ ) memories1 & t 9 view ( our practical ins]tion 9 ! pres5t4 ,i w n come back to ?is po9t :i* has be5 s lucidly expla9$ by ,mr ,b]gson 9 a lecture on ,dream 7,report ( ! ,int]national ,psy*ological ,in/itute1 ,may #aija47 & an article on ,intellectual ,ef=t1 7,philosophical ,review1 ,janu>y #aijb47 ! read+ ( :i* _c be too /rongly recomm5d$ z an introduction to ! fir/ *apt] ( ,matt] & ,memory1 9 :i* fur!r argum5ts are to be f\nd4 ,i w only add "o rem>k1 foll[+ ,mr ,b]gson1 z always3 p]ception is n simply contemplation1 b consci\sness ( an orig9al visual emotion comb9$ ) a complete gr\p ( actions 9 embryo1 ge/ures 9 outl9e1 & ! graze ( movem5t )91 by :i* we prep>e to grasp ! object1 describe its l9es1 te/ its functions1 s\nd x1 move x1 & h&le x 9 a ?\s& ways4 7,?is is atte/$ by ! facts ( apraxia or psy*ic bl9dness4 ,cf4 ,matt] & ,memory1 *apt] ii47 ,f ! prec$+ obs]vations spr+s ! utilit>ian & practical nature ( common p]ception4 ,let u attempt n[ to see ( :at ! elaboration :i* x makes reality und]go consi/s4 ,?is "t ,i am summ+ up ! f\r? *apt] ( ,matt] & ,memory4 ,fir/ ( all1 we *oose betwe5 ! images1 emphasis+ ! /rong1 ext+ui%+ ! weak1 al?\gh bo? h1 a priori1 ! same int]e/ = pure k2 we make ?is *oice above all by accord+ pref]5ce to impressions ( t\*1 :i* are ! mo/ useful f ! practical po9t ( view4 ,?is selection det]m9es ! p>cell+ up ( matt] into indep5d5t bodies1 & ! artificial "* ( our proce$+ is ?us made pla94 ,does n sci5ce1 inde$1 conclude 9 ! same way1 %[+ u--z soon z %e frees h]self ev5 to a small ext5t f common-s5se--full cont9uity re-e/abli%$ by mov+ /rata1 & all bodies resolv$ into /ation>y waves & knots ( int]sect+ fluxes8 ,already1 !n1 we %all be ne>] pure p]ception if we cease to consid] any?+ b ! p]ceptible /uff 9 :i* num]ically di/9ct p]cepts are cut4 ,ev5 !re1 h[ev]1 a utilit>ian division cont9ues4 ,our s5ses are in/rum5ts ( ab/raction1 ea* ( !m disc]n+ a possible pa? ( action4 ,we may say t corporal life functions 9 ! mann] ( an absorb+ milieu1 :i* det]m9es ! disconnect$ scale ( simple qualities by ext+ui%+ mo/ ( ! p]ceptible radiations4 ,9 %ort1 ! scale ( s5sations1 ) its num]ical aspect1 is no?+ b ! spectrum ( our practical activity4 ,commonly we p]ceive only av]ages & :oles1 :i* we contract into di/9ct qualities4 ,let u dis5gage f ?is rhy?m :at is peculi> to ourselves4 ,above all1 let u /rive to dis5gage ourselves f homog5e\s space1 ?is sub/ratum ( fixity1 ?is arbitr>y s*eme ( measurem5t & division1 :i*1 to our great] advantage1 subt5ds ! natural1 qualitative1 & undivid$ ext5sion ( images4 7,we usually repres5t homog5e\s space z previ\s to ! het]og5e\s ext5sion ( images3 z a k9d ( empty room :i* we furni% ) p]cepts4 ,we mu/ rev]se ?is ord]1 & conceive1 on ! contr>y1 t ext5sion prec$es space47 ,& we %all f9ally h pure p]ception 9 s f> z x is accessible to u4 ,!re is no disput+ ! absolute value ( ?is pure p]ception4 ,! impot5ce ( speculative reason1 z demon/rat$ by ,kant1 is p]haps1 at bottom1 only ! impot5ce ( an intellig5ce 9 bondage to c]ta9 necessities ( ! corporal life1 & ex]cis$ ^u a matt] :i* x has _h to disorganise = ! satisfaction ( our ne$s4 ,our k ( ?+s is !n no long] relative to ! fundam5tal /ructure ( our m9d1 b only to its sup]ficial & acquir$ habits1 to ! cont+5t =m :i* x takes on f our corporal functions & our l[] ne$s4 ,! relativity ( k is !re=e n f9al4 ,9 unmak+ :at our ne$s h made we re-e/abli% intuition 9 its orig9al purity1 & resume contact ) reality4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bjc47 ,t is h[ ?+s are really pres5t$4 ,"h we are confront$ by ! mov+ cont9uity ( images4 ,pure p]ception is complete p]ception4 ,f x we pass to ord9>y p]ception by dim9ution1 ?r[+ %ad[s "h & !re3 ! reality p]ceiv$ by common-s5se is no?+ else actually ?an univ]sal int]action r5d]$ visible by its v int]ruption at c]ta9 po9ts4 ,:5ce we h ?is d\ble conclusion already =mulat$ high] up3 ! relation ( p]ception to matt] is t ( ! "p to ! :ole1 & our consci\sness is r limit$ ?an relative4 ,x mu/ be /at$ t prim>ily we p]ceive ?+s 9 !mselves1 n 9 u2 ! subjectivity ( our curr5t p]ception comes f our "w ( outl9+ x 9 ! bosom ( reality1 b ! root ( pure p]ception plunges into full objectivity4 ,if1 at ea* po9t ( matt]1 we 7 to succe$ 9 possess+ ! /ream ( total int]action ( :i* x m>ks a wave1 & if we 7 to succe$ 9 see+ ! multiplicity ( ^! po9ts z a qualitative het]og5e\s flux )\t numb] or sev]ance1 we %\ld co9cide ) reality itself4 ,x is true t su* an ideal1 :ile inaccessible on ! "o h&1 w\ld n succe$ on ! o!r )\t risk to k2 9 fact1 says ,mr ,b]gson1 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #ch47 to p]ceive all ! influ5ces ( all ! po9ts ( all bodies w\ld be to desc5d to ! /ate ( mat]ial object4 ,b a solution ( ?is d\ble difficulty rema9s possible1 a dynamic & approximate solution1 :i* consi/s 9 look+ = ! absolute intuition ( matt] 9 su* a mobilisation ( our p]spective faculties t we become capable ( foll[+1 accord+ to ! circum/ances1 all ! pa?s ( virtual p]ception ( :i* ! common anxiety = ! practical has made u *oose "o only1 & capable ( realis+ all ! inf9itely diff]5t modes ( qualification & disc]nm5t4 ,b we h /ill to see h[ ?is complete exp]i5ce c be practically ?\ght4 ,,iv4 ,critique ( ,language4 ,! p]ception ( reality does n obta9 ! full value ( k1 except :5 once socialis$1 once made ! common prop]ty ( m51 & !reby also te/$ & v]ifi$4 ,!re is "o means only ( do+ t2 viz4 to analyse x into manageable & portable concepts4 ,by language ,i mean ! product ( ?is conceptualisation4 ,?us language is necess>y2 = we mu/ always speak1 7 x only to utt] ! impot5ce ( words4 ,n less necess>y is a critique ( spontane\s language1 ( ! laws :i* gov]n x1 ( ! po/ulates :i* x embraces1 ( ! me?ods :i* convey its implicit doctr9es4 ,syn!tic =ms are actually !ories already2 !y effect an adaptation ( reality to ! dem&s ( practical use4 ,if x is impossible to escape !m1 x is at lea/ fitt+ n to employ !m except ) due k1 & :5 prop]ly w>n$ aga9/ ! illusion ( ! false problems :i* !y might ar\se4 ,let u fir/ ( all consid] ?\ght 9 itself1 9 its concrete life4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics1 ! ess5tial /eps8 ,we readily say1 analysis & syn!sis4 ,no?+ c be kn[n except 9 contra/1 correlation1 or negation ( ano!r ?+2 & ! act ( k1 consid]$ 9 itself1 is unification4 ,?us numb] appe>s z a fundam5tal category1 z an absolute condition ( intelligibility2 "s g s f> z to reg>d atomism z a necess>y me?od4 ,b t is inexact4 ,no d\bt ! use ( numb] & ! result+ atomism are impos$ by def9ition1 we might say1 on ! ?\ght :i* proce$s by conceptual analysis1 & !n by unify+ con/ruction2 t is to say1 on syn!tic ?\ght4 ,b1 9 great] dep?1 ?\ght is dynamic cont9uity & duration4 ,its ess5tial "w does n consi/ 9 disc]n+ & aft]w>ds 9 assembl+ ready-made elem5ts4 ,let u see 9 x r a k9d ( creative maturation1 & let u attempt to grasp ! nature ( ?is causal activity4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,intellectual ,ef=t 9 ! ,philosophical ,review1 ,janu>y #aijb47 ,! act ( ?\ght is always a complex play ( mov+ repres5tations1 an evolution ( life 9 :i* incessant inn] reactions occur4 ,t is to say1 x is movem5t4 ,b !re are sev]al planes ( ?\ght1 f intuition to language1 & we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! ?\ght :i* moves on ! surface among t]ms display$ on a s+le plane1 & ! ?\ght ) goes deep] & deep] f "o plane to ano!r4 ,we d n ?9k solely by concepts or images2 we ?9k1 fir/ ( all1 accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson's expression1 by dynamic s*emes4 ,:at is a dynamic s*eme8 ,x is motive r ?an repres5tative1 inexpressible 9 itself1 b a s\rce ( language conta9+ n s mu* ! images or concepts 9 :i* x w develop z ! indication ( ! pa? to be foll[$ 9 ord] to obta9 !m4 ,x is n s mu* sy/em z movem5t1 progress1 g5esis2 x does n m>k ! gaze direct$ ^u ! v>i\s po9ts ( "o plane ( delib]ate contemplation s mu* z an ef=t to pass ?r\gh successive planes ( ?\ght 9 a direction lead+ f intuition to analysis4 ,we might def9e x by its function ( call+ up images & concepts1 repres5tations :i*1 = "o & ! same s*eme1 are nei!r /rictly det]m9$ nor any?+ 9 p>ticul> 9 !mselves1 concurr5t repres5tations :i* h 9 common "o & ! same logical p[]4 ,! repres5tations call$ up =m a body to ! s*eme1 & ! relation ( ! s*eme to ! concepts & images :i* x calls up resembles1 mutatis mut&is1 ! relation po9t$ out by ,mr ,b]gson betwe5 an idea & its basis 9 ! bra94 ,9 %ort1 x is ! v act ( creative ?\ght :i* ! dynamic s*eme int]prets1 ! act n yet fix$ 9 results4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to illu/rate ! exi/5ce ( ?is s*eme4 ,let u m]ely rem>k a few facts ( curr5t obs]vation4 ,recall1 = example1 ! sugge/ive anxiety we exp]i5ce :5 we seek to rememb] a "n2 ! precise syllables ( ! "n /ill escape u1 b we feel !m approa*+1 & already we possess some?+ ( !m1 s9ce we imm$iately reject ^? :i* d n answ] to a c]ta9 direction ( expectancy2 & by endeav\r+ to secure a m intimate feel+ ( ?is direction we sudd5ly ar\se ! desir$ recollection4 ,9 ! same way1 :at does x mean to h ! s5se ( a complex situation 9 active life1 if n t we p]ceive x1 n z a /atic gr\p ( explicit details1 b z a meet+ ( p[]s alli$ or ho/ile1 conv]g5t or div]g5t1 direct$ t[>ds ?is or t1 ( :i* ! aggregate :ole t5ds ( itself to awak5 9 u ! initial reactions :i* analyse x8 ,9 ! same way aga91 h[ d we le>n1 h[ c we assimilate a va/ sy/em ( conceits or images8 ,our task is n to conc5trate an enum]ative att5tion on ea* individual factor2 we %\ld nev] get away f !m1 ! weight w\ld be too heavy4 ,:at we entru/ to memory is really a dynamic s*eme p]mitt+ u to rega9 :at we %\ld n h succe$$ 9 reta9+4 ,9 reality our only k is ?r\gh su* a s*eme1 :i* conta9s 9 ! /ate ( pot5tial implication an inexhau/ible multiplicity ready to be develop$ 9 actual repres5tations4 ,h[1 f9ally1 is any discov]y made8 ,f9d+ is solv+ a problem2 & to solve a problem we mu/ always beg9 by suppos+ x solv$4 ,b ( :at does su* a hypo!sis consi/8 ,x is n an anticipat$ view ( ! solution1 = !n all w\ld be at an end2 nor is x a simple =mula putt+ 9 ! pres5t indicative :at ! enunciation express$ 9 ! future or ! imp]ative1 = !n no?+ w\ld be begun4 ,x is exactly a dynamic s*eme2 t is to say1 a me?od 9 ! /ate ( direct$ t5sion2 & (t51 ! discov]y once realis$ z !ory or sy/em1 capable ( un5d+ developm5ts & resurrections1 rema9s by ! be/ ( itself a me?od & a dynamic s*eme4 ,b "o la/ example w p]haps reveal ! tru? /ill m4 ,anyone :o has attempt$ lit]>y composition kn[s well t :5 ! subject has be5 long /udi$1 all ! docum5ts collect$1 all ! notes tak51 we ne$1 to emb>k on ! actual "w ( composition1 some?+ m1 an ef=t1 (t5 v pa9ful1 to place oneself sudd5ly 9 ! v he>t ( ! subject1 & to seek z deep d[n z possible an impulse to :i* aft]w>ds we %all only h to let ourselves g4 ,?is impulse1 once receiv$1 projects ! m9d on a road :]e x f9ds bo? ! in=mation :i* x _h collect$ & a ?\s& o!r details z well2 x develops & analyses itself 9 t]ms1 ! enum]ation ( :i* w\ld h no end2 ! fur!r we advance1 ! m we discov]2 we %all nev] succe$ 9 say+ ev]y?+2 & yet1 if we turn %>ply r\nd t[>ds ! impulse we feel beh9d ourselves1 to grasp x1 x escapes2 = x 0 n a ?+ b a direction ( movem5t1 & ?\gh indef9itely ext5sible1 x is simplicity itself4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,metaphysical & ,moral ,review1 ,janu>y #aijc4 ,! :ole critique ( language is implicitly conta9$ 9 ?is ,introduction to ,metaphysics47 ,! ?\ght1 !n1 :i* proce$s f "o repres5tation to ano!r 9 "o & ! same plane is "o k9d2 t :i* foll[s "o & ! same conceptual direction ?r\gh desc5d+ planes is ano!r4 ,creative & f]tile ?\ght is ! ?\ght :i* adopts ! second k9d ( "w4 ,! ideal is a cont9ual oscillation f "o plane to ! o!r1 a re/less alt]native ( intuitive conc5tration & conceptual expansion4 ,b our idl5ess takes exception to ?is1 = ! feel+ ( ef=t appe>s precisely 9 ! traject f ! dynamic s*eme to ! images & concepts1 9 ! pass+ f "o plane ( ?\ght to ano!r4 ,?us ! natural t5d5cy is to rema9 9 ! la/ ( ^! planes1 t ( language4 ,we "k :at dang]s ?reat5 u !re4 ,suppose we h "s idea or o!r & ! ^w repres5t+ x4 ,d n suppose t to ?is ^w !re is "o correspond+ s5se only1 nor ev5 a f9i%$ gr\p ( v>i\s di/9ct & rigor\sly sep>able s5ses4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is a :ole scale correspond+1 a complete cont9u\s spectrum ( un/able mean+s :i* t5d unceas+ly to resolve into "o ano!r4 ,diction>ies attempt to illum9ate !m4 ,! task is impossible4 ,!y co-ord9ate a few guid+ m>ks2 b :o %all say :at inf9ite transitions und]lie !m8 ,a ^w designates r a curr5t ( ?\ght ?an "o or sev]al halts on a logical pa?4 ,"h aga9 a dynamic cont9uity exi/s previ\s to ! p>cell+ out ( ! acceptations4 ,:at1 !n1 %\ld be ! attitude ( ! m9d8 ,a supple mov+ attitude m att5tive to ! curve ( *ange ?an to ! possible halt+-po9ts along ! road4 ,b ?is is n ! case at all2 ! ef=t w\ld be too great1 & :at happ5s1 on ! contr>y1 is ?is4 ,= ! spectrum a *romatic scale ( uni=m t9ts is v quickly sub/itut$4 ,?is is 9 itself an undesirable simplification1 = x is impossible to recon/itute ! inf9ity ( real %ades by comb9ations ( fundam5tal col\rs ea* repres5t+ ! homog5e\s %ore1 :i* ea* region ( ! spectrum f9ally becomes4 ,h[ev] clev]ly we proportion ^! av]ages1 we get1 at mo/1 "s vulg> c\nt]feit3 orange1 = example1 is n a mixture ( yell[ & r$1 al?\gh ?is mixture may recall to ^? :o h kn[n x else:]e ! simple & orig9al s5sation ( orange4 ,aga91 a second simplification1 /ill m undesirable1 succe$s ! fir/4 ,!re are no long] any col\rs at all2 black l9es s]ve z guide-m>ks4 ,we are !re=e ) pure concepts decid$ly 9 full symbolism4 ,& x is ) symbols t we %all h5ce=w>d be try+ to recon/ruct reality4 ,i ne$ n g back to ! g5]al *>act]i/ics or ! inconv5i5ces ( ?is me?od4 ,concepts resemble photographic views2 concrete ?ickness escapes !m4 ,h[ev] exact1 v>i$1 or num]\s we suppose !m1 !y c c]ta9ly recall _! object1 b n reveal x to any "o :o _h n _h any direct intuition ( x4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to trace ! plan ( a body 9 f\r dim5sions2 all ! same1 ?is draw+ does n admit visualisation 9 space z is ! case ) ord9>y bodies1 = want ( a previ\s intuition :i* x w\ld awak53 ?us x is ) concepts 9 relation to reality4 ,l photographs & l plans1 !y are extract$ f reality1 b we are n able to say t !y 7 conta9$ 9 x2 & _m ( !m besides are n s mu* z extracts2 !y are simple sy/ematis$ notes1 9 fact1 notes made ^u notes4 ,9 o!r t]ms1 concepts d n repres5t pieces1 p>ts1 or elem5ts ( reality4 ,lit]ally !y are no?+ b simple symbolic notations4 ,to wi% to make integral factors ( !m w\ld be z /range an illusion z t ( see+ 9 ! co-ord9ates ( a geometric po9t ! con/itutive ess5ce ( t po9t4 ,we d n make ?+s ) symbols1 any m ?an we %\ld recon/ruct a picture ) ! qualifications :i* classify x4 ,:5ce1 !n1 comes ! natural incl9ation ( ?\ght t[>ds ! concept8 ,f ! fact t ?\ght delights 9 artifices :i* facilitate analysis & language4 ,! fir/ ( ^! artifices is t f :i* results ! possibility ( decomposition or recomposition accord+ to arbitr>y laws4 ,= t we ne$ a previ\s sub/itution ( symbols = ?+s4 ,no?+ demon/rates ?is bett] ?an ! celebrat$ argum5ts :i* we owe to ,z5o ( ,elea4 ,mr ,b]gson returns to ! discussion ( !m ov] & ov] aga94 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data1 pages #he-hf2 ,matt] & ,memory1 pages #baa-bac1 ,creative ,evolution1 pages #ccc-ccg47 ,! n]ve ( ! reason+ !re consi/s 9 ! evid5t absurdity !re w\ld be 9 conceiv+ an inexhau/ible exhau/$1 an una*ievable a*iev$2 9 %ort1 a total actually complet$1 & yet obta9$ by ! successive addition ( an inf9ite numb] ( t]ms4 ,b ! "q is to "k :e!r a movem5t c be consid]$ z a num]ical multiplicity4 ,virtual divisibility !re is1 no d\bt1 b n actual division2 divisibility is indef9ite1 :]eas an actual division1 if x respects ! inn] articulations ( reality1 is b\nd to halt at a limit$ numb] ( phases4 ,:at we divide & measure is ! track ( ! movem5t once accompli%$1 n ! movem5t itself3 x is ! trajectory1 n ! traject4 ,9 ! trajectory we c c\nt endless positions2 t is to say1 possible halts4 ,let u n suppose t ! mov+ body meets ^! elem5ts all ready-m>k$4 ,h5ce :at ! ,eleatic dialectic illu/rates is a case ( incomm5surability2 ! radical inability ( analysis to end a c]ta9 task2 our p[]lessness to expla9 ! fact ( ! transit1 if we apply to x su* & su* modes ( num]ical decomposition or recomposition1 :i* are valid only = space2 ! impossibility ( conceiv+ becom+ z susceptible ( be+ cut up into arbitr>y segm5ts1 & aft]w>ds recon/ruct$ by summ+ ( t]ms accord+ to "s law or o!r2 9 %ort1 x is ! nature ( movem5t1 :i* is )\t division1 numb]1 or concept4 ,b ?\ght delights 9 analyses regulat$ by ! sole consid]ation ( easy language2 h5ce its t5d5cy to an ari?metic & geometry ( concepts1 9 spite ( ! disa/r\s consequ5ces2 & ?us ! ,eleatic p>adox is no less in/ructive 9 its speci\s "* ?an 9 ! solution :i* x embodies4 ,at bottom1 natural ?\ght1 ,i mean ?\ght :i* ab&ons itself to its d\ble incl9ation ( syn!tic idl5ess & useful indu/ry1 is a ?\ght haunt$ by anxieties ( ! op]at+ manual1 anxieties ( fabrication4 ,:at does x c>e ab\t ! fluxes ( reality & dynamic dep?s8 ,x is only int]e/$ 9 ! outcrops scatt]$ "h & !re ov] ! firm soil ( ! practical1 & x solidifies t]ms l /akes plung$ 9 a mov+ gr\nd4 ,h5ce comes ! configuration ( its spontane\s logic to a geometry ( solids1 & h5ce come concepts1 ! in/antane\s mom5ts tak5 9 transitions4 ,sci5tific ?\ght1 aga91 pres]ves ! same habits & ! same pref]5ces4 ,x seeks only :at repeats1 :at c be c\nt$4 ,ev]y:]e1 :5 x !orises1 x t5ds to e/abli% /atic relations betwe5 compos+ unities :i* =m a homog5e\s & disconnect$ multiplicity4 ,its v in/rum5ts bias x 9 t direction4 ,! app>atus ( ! laboratory really grasps no?+ b arrangem5t & co9cid5ce2 9 a ^w1 /ates n transitions4 ,ev5 9 cases ( contr>y appe>ance1 = example1 :5 we det]m9e a weight by obs]v+ ! oscillation ( a balance & n its re/1 we are int]e/$ 9 regul> recurr5ce1 9 a symmetry1 9 some?+ !re=e :i* is ( ! nature ( an equilibrium & a fixity all ! same4 ,! reason ( x is t sci5ce1 l common-s5se1 al?\gh 9 a mann] a little diff]5t1 aims only 9 actual fact at obta9+ f9i%$ & workable results4 ,let u imag9e reality "u ! figure ( a curve1 a rhy?mic succession ( phases ( :i* our concepts m>k s _m tang5ts4 ,!re is contact at "o po9t1 b at "o po9t only4 ,?us our logic is valid z inf9itesimal analysis1 j z ! geometry ( ! /raight l9e all[s u to def9e ea* /ate ( curve4 ,x is ?us1 = example1 t vitality ma9ta9s a relation ( mom5t>y tang5cy to ! physico-*emical /ructure4 ,if we /udy ?is relation & analog\s relations1 ?is fact rema9s indisputably legitimate4 ,let u n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t su* a /udy1 ev5 :5 repeat$ 9 z _m po9ts z we wi%1 c ev] suffice4 ,we mu/ aft]w>ds by g5u9e integration atta9 mov+ cont9uity4 ,t is exactly ! task repres5t$ by ! return to intuition1 ) its prop] in/rum5t1 ! dynamic s*eme4 ,f ?is tang5tial po9t ( view we try to grasp ! g5esis ( ! curve z envelope1 or r1 & bett] /ill1 ! bir? ( successive tang5ts z in/antane\s directions4 ,speak+ non-metaphorically1 we cl+ to g5etic me?ods ( conceptualisation & proce$ f ! g5]at+ pr9ciple to its conceptual d]ivatives4 ,b our ?\ght f9ds x v difficult to su/a9 su* an ef=t long4 ,x is p>tial to rectil9eal d$uction1 actual becom+ horrifies x4 ,x desires imm$iately to f9d ?+s %>ply det]m9$ & v cle>4 ,t is :y imm$iately a tang5t is con/ruct$1 x foll[s its movem5t 9 a /raight l9e to inf9ity4 ,?us are produc$ limit-concepts1 ! ultimate t]ms1 ! atoms ( language4 ,z a rule !y g 9 pairs1 9 anti!tic c\ples1 e analysis be+ di*otomy1 s9ce ! disc]nm5t ( "o pa? ( ab/raction det]m9es 9 contra/1 z a complem5t>y rema9d]1 ! opposite pa? ( direction4 ,h5ce1 accord+ to ! selection effect$ among concepts1 & ! relative weight :i* is attribut$ to !m1 we get ! ant9omies betwe5 :i* a philosophy ( analysis mu/ = ev] rema9 oscillat+ & torn 9 sund]4 ,h5ce comes ! p>cell+ up ( metaphysics into sy/ems1 & its appe>ance ( regulat$ play betwe5 antagoni/ic s*ools :i* get up on ! /age toge!r1 ea* to w9 applause 9 turn4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,! me?od foll[$ to f9d a g5u9e solution mu/ be inv]se2 n dialectic comb9ation ( pre-exi/+ concepts1 b1 sett+ out f a direct & really liv$ intuition1 a desc5t to ev] new concepts along dynamic s*emes :i* rema9 op54 ,f ! same intuition spr+ _m concepts3 ,z ! w9d :i* ru%es into ! crossroads divides into div]g+ curr5ts ( air1 :i* are all only "o & ! same gu/4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #ee47 ,! ant9omies are resolv$ g5etically1 :il/ 9 ! plane ( language !y rema9 irr$ucible4 ,) a het]og5eity ( %ades1 :5 we mix ! t9ts & neutralise !m by "o ano!r1 we easily create homog5eity2 b take ! result ( ?is "w1 t is to say1 ! av]age f9al col\r1 & x w be impossible to recon/itute ! weal? ( ! orig9al4 ,d y desire a precise example ( ! "w we mu/ accompli%8 ,take t ( *ange2 7,cf4 two lectures deliv]$ by ,mr ,b]gson at ,ox=d on ,! ,p]ception ( ,*ange1 #bf? & #bg? ,may #aiaa47 no o!r is m significant or cle>]4 ,x %[s u two necess>y movem5ts 9 ! re=m ( our habits ( imag9ation or conception4 ,let u try fir/ ( all to famili>ise ourselves ) ! images :i* %[ u ! fixity d]iv+ f becom+4 ,two collid+ waves1 two roll]s meet+1 typify re/ by ext9ction & int]f]5ce4 ,) ! movem5t ( a /one1 & ! fluidity ( runn+ wat]1 we =m ! in/antane\s position ( a rico*et4 ,! v movem5t ( ! /one1 se5 9 ! successive positions ( ! tang5t to ! trajectory1 is /ation>y to our view4 ,:at is dynamic /ability1 except non-v>iation aris+ f v>iation itself8 ,equilibrium is produc$ f spe$4 ,a man runn+ solidifies ! mov+ gr\nd4 ,9 %ort1 two mov+ bodies regulat$ by ea* o!r become fix$ 9 relation to ea* o!r4 ,aft] ?is1 let u try to p]ceive *ange 9 itself1 & !n repres5t x to ourselves accord+ to its specific & orig9al nature4 ,! common conception ne$s re=m on two pr9cipal po9ts3 7#a7 ,all *ange is reveal$ 9 ! light ( imm$iate intuition1 n z a num]ical s]ies ( /ates1 b a rhy?m ( phases1 ea* ( :i* con/itutes an indivisible act1 9 su* a way t ea* *ange has its natural inn] articulations1 =bidd+ u to break x up accord+ to arbitr>y laws1 l a homog5e\s l5g?4 7#b7 ,*ange is self-suffici5t2 x has no ne$ ( a support1 a mov+ body1 a ?+ 9 motion4 ,!re is no vehicle1 no sub/ance1 no spatial receptacle1 resembl+ a !atre-sc5e1 no mat]ial dummy successively drap$ 9 col\r$ /uffs2 on ! contr>y1 x is ! body or ! atom :i* %\ld be subord9ately def9$ z symbols ( complet$ becom+4 ,( movem5t ?us conceiv$1 indivisible & sub/antial1 :at bett] image c we h ?an a musical evolution1 a phrase 9 melody8 ,t is h[ we mu/ "w to conceive reality4 ,if su* a conception at fir/ appe>s obscure1 let u cr$it exp]i5ce1 = ideas are gradually illum9at$ by ! v use we make ( !m1 ! cl>ity ( a concept be+ h>dly any?+1 at bottom1 b ! assurance once obta9$ t we c h&le x pr(itably4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,introduction to ,metaphysics47 ,if we require to rea* a conception ( ?is k9d ) reg>d to *ange1 ! ,eleatic dialectic is !re to e/abli% x beyond dispute1 & positive sci5ce comes to ! same conclusion1 s9ce x %[s u ev]y:]e no?+ b movem5ts plac$ ^u movem5ts1 nev] fix$ ?+s1 except z tempor>y symbols ( :at we leave at a giv5 mom5t outside ! field ( /udy4 ,9 any case1 ! difficulty ( su* a conception ne$ n /op u2 x is little m ?an a difficulty ( ! imag9ative ord]4 ,& z = ! conception itself1 or r ! correspond+ intuition1 x w %>e ! fate ( all its pr$ecessors3 to our contempor>ies x w be a sc&al1 a c5tury lat] a /roke ( g5ius1 aft] "s c5turies common evid5ce1 & f9ally an in/9ctive axiom4 ,v4 ,! ,problem ( ,consci\sness4 ,duration & ,lib]ty4 ,arm$ ) ! me?od we h j describ$1 ,mr ,b]gson turn$ fir/ ( all t[>d ! problem ( ! ego3 tak+ up 8 position 9 ! c5tre ( m9d1 he has attempt$ to e/abli% its indep5d5t reality by exam9+ its pr(\nd nature4 ,! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data conta9s a decisive criticism ( ! conceptions :i* claim to introduce numb] & measure into ! doma9 ( ! facts ( consci\sness4 ,n t x is our bus9ess to reject z false ! notion ( psy*ological int5sity2 b ?is notion dem&s int]pretation1 & ! lea/ t we c say aga9/ ! attempt to turn x into a notion ( size is t 9 do+ s we are misund]/&+ ! specific "* ( ! object /udi$4 ,! same reproa* mu/ be levell$ aga9/ association ( ideas1 ! sy/em ( me*anical psy*ology ( :i* ! type is pres5t$ u by ,ta9e & ,/u>t ,mill4 ,already 9 *apt]s ii4 & iii4 ( ! ,essay1 & aga9 all ?r\gh ,matt] & ,memory1 ! sy/em is riddl$ ) objections1 ea* ( :i* w\ld be suffici5t to %[ its radical flaw4 ,all ! aspects1 all ! ph5om5a ( m5tal life come up = successive review4 ,9 respect ( ea* ( !m we h an illu/ration ( ! insuffici5cy ( ! atomism :i* seeks to recompose ! s\l ) fix$ elem5ts1 by a mass+ ( units ext]ior to "o ano!r1 ev]y:]e & always ! same3 ?is is a grammatical philosophy :i* believes reality to be compos$ ( p>ts :i* admit ( numb] j z language is made ( words plac$ side by side2 x is a mat]iali/ philosophy :i* improp]ly transf]s ! proce$+s ( ! physical sci5ces to ! sci5ces ( ! inn] life4 ,on ! contr>y1 we mu/ repres5t ! /ate ( consci\sness to ourselves z v>iable accord+ to ! :ole ( :i* x =ms a "p4 ,"h & !re1 al?\gh x always be>s ! same "n1 x is no long] ! same ?+4 ,! m ! ego becomes itself aga91 ! m also d its /ates ( consci\sness1 in/ead ( be+ 9 juxtaposition1 p5etrate "o ano!r1 bl5d ) "o ano!r1 & t+e "o ano!r ) ! col\r+ ( all ! re/4 ,?us ea* ( u has 8 mann] ( lov+ or hat+1 & ?is love or hate reflect our entire p]sonality4 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data1 pages #abe-abf47 ,at bottom ,mr ,b]gson is br++ =w>d ! necessity1 9 ! case be=e u1 ( sub/itut+ a new notion ( cont9u\s qualitative het]og5eity = ! old notion ( num]ical & spatial cont9uity4 ,above all1 he is emphasis+ ! /ill m imp]i\s necessity ( reg>d+ ea* /ate z a phase 9 duration2 & we are "h t\*+ on 8 pr9cipal & lead+ intuition1 ! intuition ( real duration4 ,hi/orically ?is 0 ,mr ,b]gson's />t+-po9t & ! orig9 ( 8 ?\ght3 a criticism ( "t "u ! =m 9 :i* common-s5se imag9es x1 9 :i* sci5ce employs x4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to notice ! fact t sci5tific "t has no duration4 ,our equations really express only /atic relations betwe5 simultane\s ph5om5a2 ev5 ! diff]5tial quoti5ts !y may conta9 9 reality m>k no?+ b pres5t t5d5cies2 no *ange w\ld take place 9 our calculations if ! "t 7 giv5 9 advance1 in/antane\sly fulfill$1 l a l9e> :ole ( po9ts 9 num]ical ord]1 ) no m g5u9e duration ?an t conta9$ 9 ! num]ical succession4 ,ev5 9 a/ronomy !re is less anticipation ?an judgm5t ( con/ancy & /ability1 ! ph5om5a be+ almo/ /rictly p]iodic1 :ile ! haz>d ( pr$iction be>s only ^u ! m9ute div]g5ce betwe5 ! actual ph5om5on & ! exact p]iod attribut$ to x4 ,notice "u :at figure common-s5se imag9es "t3 z an in]t receptacle1 a homog5e\s milieu1 neutral & indiff]5t2 9 fact1 a k9d ( space4 ,! s*ol> makes use ( a l image2 = he def9es "t by its measurem5t1 & all measurem5t implies int]pretation 9 space4 ,= ! s*ol> ! h\r is n an int]val1 b a co9cid5ce1 an in/antane\s arrangem5t1 & "t is resolv$ into a du/ ( fixities1 z 9 ^? pneumatic clocks 9 :i* ! h& moves =w>d 9 j]ks1 m>k+ no?+ b a sequ5ce ( pauses4 ,su* symbols are suffici5t1 at lea/ = a fir/ approximation1 :5 x is only a "q ( matt]1 ! me*anism ( :i*1 /rictly consid]$1 conta9s no?+ durable4 ,b 9 biology & psy*ology q diff]5t *>act]i/ics become ess5tial2 age & memory1 het]og5eity ( musical phases1 irrev]sible rhy?m :i* _c be l5g!n$ or %ort5$ at w4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #aj47 ,!n x is t ! return ( "t becomes necess>y to duration4 ,h[ are we to describe ?is duration8 ,x is a melodi\s evolution ( mom5ts1 ea* ( :i* conta9s ! resonance ( ^? prec$+ & ann\nces ! "o :i* is go+ to foll[2 x is a process ( enri*+ :i* nev] ceases1 & a p]petual appe>ance ( novelty2 x is an indivisible1 qualitative1 & organic becom+1 =eign to space1 refractory to numb]4 ,summon ! image ( a /ream ( consci\sness pass+ ?r\gh ! cont9uity ( ! spectrum1 & becom+ t+$ successively ) ea* ( its %ades4 ,or r imag9e a symphony hav+ feel+ ( itself1 & creat+ itself2 t is h[ we %\ld conceive duration4 ,t duration ?us conceiv$ is really ! basis ( ourselves ,mr ,b]gson proves by a ?\s& examples1 & by a m>vell\s employm5t ( ! introspective me?od :i* he has help$ to make s popul>4 ,we _c quote ^! admirable analyses "h4 ,a s+le "o w s]ve z model1 specially select$ z ref]r+ to "o ( ! mo/ ord9>y mom5ts ( our life1 to %[ pla9ly t ! p]ception ( real duration always accompanies u 9 secret4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ,i write ^! l9es a clock ne> me is /rik+ ! h\r2 b my di/ract$ e> is only aw>e ( x aft] sev]al /rokes h already s\nd$2 t is1 ,i h n c\nt$ !m4 ,& yet an ef=t ( introspective att5tion enables me to total ! f\r /rokes already /ruck & add !m to ^? :i* ,i he>4 ,if ,i !n )draw into myself & c>efully "q myself ab\t :at has j happ5$1 ,i become aw>e t ! fir/ f\r s\nds _h /ruck my e> & ev5 mov$ my consci\sness1 b t ! s5sations produc$ by ea* ( !m1 in/ead ( foll[+ 9 juxtaposition1 _h bl5d$ into "o ano!r 9 su* a way z to end[ ! :ole ) a peculi> aspect & make ( x a k9d ( musical phrase4 ,9 ord] to e/imate 9 retrospect ! numb] ( /rokes :i* h s\nd$1 ,i attempt$ to recon/itute ?is phrase 9 ?\ght3 my imag9ation /ruck "o1 !n two1 !n ?ree1 & s long z x _h n rea*$ ! exact numb] f\r1 my s5sibility1 on be+ que/ion$1 repli$ t ! total effect diff]$ 9 quality4 ,x _h !re=e not$ ! succession ( ! f\r /rokes 9 a way ( its own1 b q o!rwise ?an by addition1 & )\t br++ 9 ! image ( a juxtaposition ( di/9ct t]ms4 ,9 fact1 ! numb] ( /rokes /ruck 0 p]ceiv$ z quality1 n z quantity3 duration is ?us pres5t$ to imm$iate consci\sness1 & pres]ves ?is =m s long z x does n give place to a symbolical repres5tation drawn f space4 7,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data1 pages #ie-if47 ,& n[ are we to believe t return to ! feel+ ( real duration consi/s 9 lett+ ourselves g1 & all[+ ourselves an idle relaxation 9 dream or dissolution 9 s5sation1 z a %eph]d doz+ wat*es ! wat] fl[8 ,or are we ev5 to believe1 z has be5 ma9ta9$1 t ! intuition ( duration r$uces to ! spasm ( delight ( ! mollusc bask+ 9 ! sun8 ,?is is a complete mi/ake6 ,we %\ld fall back into ! misconceptions :i* ,i 0 po9t+ out 9 connection ) imm$iacy 9 g5]al2 we %\ld be =gett+ t !re are sev]al rhy?ms ( duration1 z !re are sev]al k9ds ( consci\sness2 & f9ally1 we %\ld be misund]/&+ ! "* ( a creative inv5tion p]petually r5ew$1 :i* is t ( our inn] life4 ,= x is 9 duration t we are free1 n 9 spatialis$ "t1 z all det]m9i/ conceptions suppose 9 contradiction4 ,i %all n g back to ! pro(s ( ?is !sis2 !y 7 cond5s$ "s way back aft] ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data4 ,b ,i w borr[ f ,mr ,b]gson himself a few complem5t>y explanations1 9 ord]1 z f> z possible1 to =e/all any misund]/&+4 ,! ^w lib]ty1 he says1 has = me a s5se int]m$iate betwe5 ^? :i* we assign z a rule to ! two t]ms lib]ty & free-w4 ,on "o h&1 ,i believe t lib]ty consi/s 9 be+ entirely oneself1 9 act+ 9 con=mity ) oneself2 x is !n1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! 'moral lib]ty' ( philosoph]s1 ! indep5d5ce ( ! p]son ) reg>d to ev]y?+ o!r ?an itself4 ,b t is n q ?is lib]ty1 s9ce ! indep5d5ce ,i am describ+ has n always a moral "*4 ,fur!r1 x does n consi/ 9 dep5d+ on oneself z an effect dep5ds on ! cause :i* ( necessity det]m9es x4 ,9 ?is1 ,i %\ld come back to ! s5se ( 'free-w4' ,& yet ,i d n accept ?is s5se completely ei!r1 s9ce free-w1 9 ! usual mean+ ( ! t]m1 implies ! equal possibility ( two contr>ies1 & on my !ory we _c =mulate1 or ev5 conceive 9 ?is case ! !sis ( ! equal possibility ( ! two contr>ies1 )\t fall+ into grave error ab\t ! nature ( "t4 ,i might say !n1 t ! object ( my !sis1 on ?is p>ticul> po9t1 has be5 precisely to f9d a position int]m$iate betwe5 'moral lib]ty' & 'free-w4' ,lib]ty1 su* z ,i und]/& x1 is situat$ betwe5 ^! two t]ms1 b n at equal di/ances f bo?4 ,if ,i 7 oblig$ to bl5d x ) "o ( ! two1 ,i %\ld select 'free-w4' 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 philosophical vocabul>y1 article ,lib]ty47 ,aft] all1 :5 we place ourselves 9 ! p]spective ( homog5e\s "t2 t is to say1 :5 we sub/itute = ! real & pr(\nd ego its image refract$ ?r\gh space1 ! act necess>ily appe>s ei!r z ! resultant ( a me*anical composition ( elem5ts1 or z an incompreh5sible creation ex nihilo4 ,we h suppos$ t !re is a ?ird c\rse to pursue2 t is1 to place ourselves back 9 pure duration444,!n we seem$ to see action arise f its antec$5ts by an evolution sui g5]is1 9 su* a way t we discov] 9 ?is action ! antec$5ts :i* expla9 x1 :ile at ! same "t x adds some?+ absolutely new to !m1 be+ an advance ^u !m z ! fruit ^u ! fl[]4 ,lib]ty is 9 no way r$uc$ !reby1 z has be5 said1 to obvi\s spontaneity4 ,at mo/ ?is w\ld be ! case 9 ! animal _w1 :]e ! psy*ological life is pr9cipally t ( ! affections4 ,b 9 ! case ( man1 a ?9k+ be+1 ! free act c be call$ a syn!sis ( feel+s & ideas1 & ! evolution :i* leads to x a reasonable evolution4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bje47 ,f9ally1 9 a mo/ important lett]1 7,report ( ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bf? ,febru>y #aijc47 ,mr ,b]gson becomes a little m precise /ill4 ,we mu/ c]ta9ly n confuse ! affirmation ( lib]ty ) ! negation ( physical det]m9ism2 = !re is m 9 ?is affirmation ?an 9 ?is negation4 ,all ! same1 lib]ty supposes a c]ta9 cont+5ce4 ,x is psy*ological causality itself1 :i* mu/ n be repres5t$ aft] ! model ( physical causality4 ,9 opposition to ! latt]1 x implies t betwe5 two mom5ts ( a consci\s be+ !re is n an equival5ce admitt+ ( d$uction1 t 9 ! transition f "o to ! o!r !re is a g5u9e creation4 ,)\t d\bt ! free act is n )\t explanatory reasons4 ,b ^! reasons h det]m9$ u only at ! mom5t :5 !y h become det]m9+2 t is1 at ! mom5t :5 ! act 0 virtually accompli%$1 & ! creation ( :i* ,i speak is entirely conta9$ 9 ! progress by :i* ^! reasons h become det]m9+4 ,x is true t all ?is implies a c]ta9 indep5d5ce ( m5tal life 9 relation to ! me*anism ( matt]2 & t is :y ,mr ,b]gson 0 oblig$ to set himself ! problem ( ! relations betwe5 body & m9d4 ,we "k t ! solution ( ?is problem is ! pr9cipal object ( ,matt] & ,memory4 ,! !sis ( psy*o-physiological p>allelism is !re p]emptorily refut$4 ,! me?od :i* ,mr ,b]gson has foll[$ to d s w be f\nd set out by himself 9 a communication to ! ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 :i* x is important to /udy z introduction4 7,report ( meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,! p>alogism includ$ 9 ! v enunciation ( ! p>alleli/ !sis is expla9$ 9 a memoire pres5t$ to ! ,g5eva ,int]national ,philosophical ,congress 9 #aijd4 7,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,novemb] #aijd47 ,b ! actual pro( is made by ! analysis ( ! memoire :i* fills *apt]s ii4 & iii4 ( ! "w cit$ above4 7,an extremely sugge/ive resume ( ^! !ses w be f\nd 9 ! second lecture on ,! ,p]ception ( ,*ange47 ,x is !re e/abli%$1 by ! mo/ positive argum5ts1 7,in/ead ( brutally connect+ ! two extremes ( matt] & m9d1 "o reg>d$ 9 its highe/ action1 ! o!r 9 its mo/ rudim5t>y me*anism1 ?us doom+ to c]ta9 failure any attempt to expla9 _! actual union1 ,mr ,b]gson /udies _! liv+ contact at ! po9t ( int]section m>k$ by ! ph5om5a ( p]ception & memory3 he comp>es ! high] po9t ( matt]--! bra9--& ! l[] po9t ( m9d--c]ta9 recollections--& x is betwe5 ^! two neighb\r+ po9ts t he notes a diff]5ce1 by a me?od no long] dialectic b exp]im5tal47 t all our pa/ is self-pres]v$ 9 u1 t ?is pres]vation only makes "o ) ! musical "* ( duration1 ) ! indivisible nature ( *ange1 b t "o "p only is consci\s ( x1 ! "p conc]n$ ) action1 to :i* pres5t conceptions supply a body ( actuality4 ,:at we call our pres5t mu/ be conceiv$ nei!r z a ma!matical po9t nor z a segm5t ) precise limits3 x is ! mom5t ( our hi/ory br\ght out by our att5tion to life1 & no?+1 9 /rict ju/ice1 w\ld prev5t x f ext5d+ to ! :ole ( ?is hi/ory4 ,x is n recollection !n1 b =getfulness :i* dem&s explanation4 ,accord+ to a dictum ( ,ravaisson1 ( :i* ,mr ,b]gson makes use1 ! explanation mu/ be s\ght 9 ! body3 x is mat]iality :i* causes =getfulness 9 u4 ,!re are1 9 fact1 sev]al planes ( memory1 f pure recollection n yet int]pret$ 9 di/9ct images d[n to ! same recollection actualis$ 9 embryo s5sations & movem5ts begun2 & we desc5d f ! "o to ! o!r1 f ! life ( simple dream to ! life ( practical drama1 along dynamic s*emes4 ,! la/ ( ^! planes is ! body2 a simple in/rum5t ( action1 a bundle ( motive habits1 a gr\p ( me*anisms :i* m9d has set up to act4 ,h[ does x op]ate 9 ! "w ( memory8 ,! task ( ! bra9 is e mom5t to ?ru/ back into unconsci\sness all t "p ( our pa/ :i* is n at ! "t useful4 ,m9ute /udy ( facts %[s t ! bra9 is employ$ 9 *oos+ f ! pa/1 9 dim9i%+1 simplify+1 & extract+ f x all t c contribute to pres5t exp]i5ce2 b x is n conc]n$ to pres]ve x4 ,9 %ort1 ! bra9 c only expla9 abs5ces1 n pres5ces4 ,t is :y ! analysis ( memory illu/rates ! reality ( m9d1 & its indep5d5ce relative to matt]4 ,?us is det]m9$ ! relation ( s\l to body1 ! p5etrat+ po9t :i* x ins]ts & drives into ! plane ( action4 ,m9d borr[s f matt] p]ceptions f :i* x d]ives its n\ri%m5t1 & gives !m back to x 9 ! =m ( movem5t1 on :i* x has impress$ its lib]ty4 7,matt] & ,memory1 page #bgi47 ,?is1 !n1 is h[ ! cycle ( rese>* closes1 by return+ to ! initial problem1 ! problem ( p]ception4 ,9 ! two oppos+ sy/ems by :i* attempts h be5 made to solve x1 ,mr ,b]gson discov]s a common po/ulate1 result+ 9 a common impot5ce4 ,f ! ideali/ic po9t ( view we d n succe$ 9 expla9+ h[ a _w is express$ ext]nally1 nor f ! reali/ic po9t ( view h[ an ego is express$ int]nally4 ,& ?is d\ble failure comes aga9 f ! und]ly+ hypo!sis1 accord+ to :i* ! duality ( ! subject & object is conceiv$ z primitive1 radical1 & /atic4 ,our duty is diametrically oppos$4 ,we h to consid] ?is duality z gradually elaborat$1 & ! problem conc]n+ x mu/ be fir/ /at$1 & !n solv$ z a function ( "t r ?an ( space4 ,our repres5tation beg9s by be+ imp]sonal1 & x is only lat] t x adopts our body z c5tre4 ,we em]ge gradually f univ]sal reality1 & our realis+ roots are always sunk 9 x4 ,b ?is reality 9 itself is already consci\sness1 & ! fir/ mom5t ( p]ception always puts u back into ! initial /ate previ\s to ! sep>ation ( ! subject & object4 ,x is by ! "w ( life1 & by action1 t ?is sep>ation is effect$1 creat$1 acc5tuat$1 & fix$4 ,& ! common mi/ake ( realism & idealism is to believe x effect$ 9 advance1 :]eas x is relatively second to p]ception4 ,h5ce comes ! absolute value ( imm$iate intuition4 ,= f :at s\rce c\ld an irr$ucible relativity be produc$ 9 x8 ,x w\ld be absurd to make x dep5d on ! con/itution ( our bra91 s9ce our bra9 itself1 s f> z x is a gr\p ( images1 is only a "p ( ! univ]se1 pres5t+ ! same *>act]i/ics z ! :ole2 & 9 s f> z x is a gr\p ( me*anisms become habits1 is only a result ( ! initial action ( life1 ( orig9al p]ceptive disc]nm5t4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 no less absurd w\ld be ! fe> t ! subject c ev] be exclud$ or elim9at$ f its own k1 s9ce1 9 reality1 ! subject1 l ! object1 is 9 p]ception1 n p]ception 9 ! subject--at lea/ n primitively4 ,s t x is by a trick ( spee* t ! !ses ( fundam5tal relativity take root3 !y vani% :5 we return to imm$iacy2 t is to say1 :5 we pres5t problems z !y ought to be pres5t$1 9 t]ms :i* d n suppose any conceptual analysis yet accompli%$4 ,,vi4 ,! ,problem ( ,evolution3 ,life & ,matt]4 ,aft] ! problem ( consci\sness ,mr ,b]gson 0 b\nd to approa* t ( evolution1 = psy*ological lib]ty is only truly conceivable if x beg9s 9 "s measure ) ! fir/ pulsation ( corporal life4 ,ei!r s5sation has no raison d'etre or x is a beg9n+ ( lib]ty2 t is :at ! ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data 7,page #be47 already told u4 ,x 0 easy !n to =esee ! necessity ( a g5]al !oretical frame 9 :i* our duration might take a position :i* w\ld r5d] x m intelligible by remov+ its appe>ance ( s+ul> exception4 ,?us 9 #aija1 ,i wrote 7,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,may #aija7 ) reg>d to ! new philosophy consid]$ z a philosophy ( becom+3 ,x has be5 prep>$ by contempor>y evolution1 :i* is inve/igates & p]fects1 sift+ x f its ore ( mat]ialism1 & turn+ x into g5u9e metaphysics4 ,is n ?is ! philosophy suit$ to ! c5tury ( hi/ory8 ,p]haps x indicates t a p]iod has arriv$ 9 :i* ma!matics1 los+ its role z ! regulat+ sci5ce1 is ab\t to give place to biology4 ,?is is ! programme c>ri$ out1 9 :at an orig9al mann] we are well aw>e1 by ! doctr9e ( ,creative ,evolution4 ,:5 we exam9e anci5t k1 "o *>act]i/ic ( x is at once visible4 ,x /udies little b c]ta9 privileg$ mom5ts ( *ang+ reality1 c]ta9 /able =ms1 c]ta9 /ates ( equilibrium4 ,anci5t geometry1 = example1 is almo/ always limit$ to ! /atic consid]ation ( figures already trac$4 ,mod]n sci5ce is q diff]5t4 ,has n ! greate/ progress :i* x has realis$ 9 ! ma!matical ord] really be5 ! inv5tion ( inf9itesimal analysis2 t is to say1 an ef=t to sub/itute ! process = ! resultant1 to foll[ ! mov+ g5]ation ( ph5om5a & magnitudes 9 its cont9uity1 to place oneself along becom+ at any mom5t :atsoev]1 or r1 by degrees at all successive mom5ts8 ,?is fundam5tal t5d5cy1 c\pl$ ) ! developm5t ( biological rese>*1 0 b\nd to incl9e x t[>ds a doctr9e ( evolution2 & h5ce ! success ( ,sp5c]4 ,b "t1 :i* is ev]y:]e 9 mod]n sci5ce ! *ief v>iable1 is only a "t-l5g?1 indef9itely & arbitr>ily divisible4 ,!re is no g5u9e duration1 no?+ really t5d+ to evolution 9 ,sp5c]'s evolution3 no m ?an !re is 9 ! p]iodic work+ ( a turb9e or 9 ! /ation>y tremble ( a diapason4 ,is n ?is :at is emphasis$ by ! p]petual employm5t ( me*anical images & vulg> eng9e]+ metaphors1 ! lea/ fault ( :i* is to suppose a homog5e\s "t1 & a motionless !atre ( *ange :i* is at bottom only space8 ,9 su* a doctr9e we /ill talk ( "t1 we pron\nce ! ^w1 b we h>dly ?9k ( ! ?+2 = "t is "h robb$ ( all effect4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #db47 ,:5ce comes a lat5t mat]ialism1 ready to grasp ! *ance ( self-expression4 ,:5ce ! automatic return to ! dream ( univ]sal ari?metic1 :i* ,laplace1 ,du ,bois-,reymond1 & ,huxley h express$ ) su* precision4 7,ibid41 page #da47 ,9 ord] to escape su* consequ5ces we mu/1 ) ,mr ,b]gson1 re9troduce real duration1 t is to say1 creative duration into evolution1 we mu/ conceive life accord+ to ! mode exhibit$ ) reg>d to *ange 9 g5]al4 ,& x is sci5ce itself :i* calls u to ?is task4 ,:at does sci5ce actually tell u :5 we let x speak in/ead ( prescrib+ to x answ]s :i* con=m to our pref]5ces8 ,vitality1 at e po9t ( its becom+1 is a tang5t to physico-*emical me*anism4 ,b physico-*emi/ry does n reveal its secret any m ?an ! /raight l9e produces ! curve4 ,consid] ! developm5t ( an embryo4 ,x summ>ises ! hi/ory ( species2 ontog5esis1 we are told1 reproduces phylog5esis4 ,& :at d we obs]ve !n8 ,n[ t a long sequ5ce ( c5turies is contract$ = u into a %ort p]iod1 & t our view is ?us capable ( a syn!sis :i* be=e 0 too difficult1 we see appe>+ ! rhy?mic organisation1 ! musical "*1 :i* ! sl[ness ( ! transitions at fir/ prev5t$ u f see+4 ,9 ea* /ate ( ! embryo !re is some?+ besides an in/antane\s /ructure1 some?+ besides a cons]vative play ( actions & reactions2 !re is a t5d5cy1 a direction1 an ef=t1 a creative activity4 ,! /age trav]s$ is less int]e/+ ?an ! trav]s+ itself2 ?is aga9 is an act ( g5]at+ impulse1 r ?an an effect ( me*anical in]tia4 ,s mu/ ! case be1 by analogy1 ) g5]al evolution4 ,we h !re1 z x 71 a vision ( biological duration 9 m9iature2 expansion & relaxation ( its t5sion br+ its homog5eity to notice1 b at ! same "t1 prop]ly speak+1 evolution disappe>s4 ,& fur!r1 ,mr ,b]gson e/abli%es by direct & positive argum5ts t life is g5u9e creation4 ,a simil> conclusion is pres5t$ z ! envelope ( 8 :ole doctr9e4 ,x is impos$ fir/ ( all by imm$iate evid5ce1 = we _c d5y t ! hi/ory ( life is reveal$ to u "u ! aspect ( a progress & an asc5t4 ,& ?is impulse implies initiative & *oice1 con/itut+ an ef=t :i* we are n au?oris$ by ! facts to pron\nce fatali/ic3 ,a simple glance at ! fossil species %[s u t life c\ld h done )\t evolution1 or c\ld h evolv$ only )9 v re/rict$ limits1 _h x *os5 ! f> easi] pa? op5 to x ( becom+ cramp$ 9 its primitive =ms2 c]ta9 ,=am9if]a h n v>i$ s9ce ! silurian p]iod2 ! ,l+ulae1 look+ unmov$ ^u ! innum]able revolutions :i* h upheav$ our planet1 are today :at !y 7 9 ! mo/ di/ant times ( ! palaeozoic era4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #aaa47 ,moreov]1 if1 9 u1 life is indisputably creation & lib]ty1 h[ w\ld x n1 to "s ext5t1 be s 9 univ]sal nature8 ,:atev] be ! inmo/ ess5ce ( :at is & :at is be+ made1 we are ( x3 7,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,novemb] #aiaa47 a conclusion by analogy is !re=e legitimate4 ,b above all1 ?is conclusion is v]ifi$ by its aptitude = solv+ problems ( detail1 & = tak+ acc\nt ( obs]v$ facts1 & 9 ?is respect ,i regret t ,i c only ref] ! read] to ! :ole body ( admirable discussions & analyses drawn up by ,mr ,b]gson ) reg>d to ! plant & ! animal1 or ! developm5t ( animal life4 7,creative ,evolution1 *apt] ii47 ,z reg>ds matt]1 two ma9 laws /& out f ! :ole ( our sci5ce1 relative to its nature & its ph5om5a3 a law ( cons]vation & a law ( degradation4 ,on ! "o h&1 we h me*anism1 repetition1 in]tia1 con/ants1 & inv>iants3 ! play ( ! mat]ial _w1 f ! po9t ( view ( quantity1 (f]s u ! aspect ( an imm5se trans=mation )\t ga9 or loss1 a homog5e\s trans=mation t5d+ to ma9ta9 9 itself an exact equival5ce betwe5 ! dep>ture & arrival po9t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 f ! po9t ( view ( quality1 we h some?+ :i* is be+ us$ up1 l[]$1 degrad$1 exhau/$3 en]gy exp5d$1 movem5t dissipat$1 con/ructions break+ up1 weights fall+1 levels becom+ equalis$1 & diff]5ces effac$4 ,! travel ( ! mat]ial _w appe>s !n z a loss1 a movem5t ( fall & desc5t4 ,9 addition1 !re is only a t5d5cy to cons]vation1 a t5d5cy :i* is nev] realis$ except imp]fectly2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 we notice t ! failure ( ! vital impulse is mo/ infallibly int]pret$ by ! appe>ance ( me*anism4 ,reality fall+ asleep or break+ up is ! figure "u :i* we f9ally obs]ve matt]3 matt] !n is second>y4 ,f9ally1 accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson1 matt] is def9$ z a k9d ( desc5t2 ?is desc5t z ! int]ruption ( an asc5t2 ?is asc5t itself z gr[?2 & ?us a pr9ciple ( creation is at ! base ( ?+s4 ,su* a view seems obscure & di/urb+ to ! ma!matical und]/&+4 ,x _c accu/om itself to ! idea ( a becom+ :i* is m ?an a simple *ange ( di/ribution1 & m ?an a simple expression ( lat5t weal?4 ,:5 confront$ ) su* an idea1 x always h>ks back to its et]nal "q3 ,h[ has some?+ come out ( no?+8 ,! "q is false2 = ! idea ( no?+ is only a pseudo-idea4 ,no?+ is un?9kable1 s9ce to ?9k no?+ is necess>ily to ?9k or n to ?9k some?+2 & accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson's =mula1 7,cf4 ! discussion on exi/5ce & non-exi/5ce 9 *apt] iv4 ( ,creative ,evolution1 pages #bih-cbb47 ! repres5tation ( void is always a full repres5tation4 ,:5 ,i say3 ,!re is no?+1 x is n t ,i p]ceive a no?+4 ,i nev] p]ceive except :at is4 ,b ,i h n p]ceiv$ :at ,i 0 seek+1 :at ,i 0 expect+1 & ,i express my deception 9 ! language ( my desire4 ,or else ,i am speak+ a language ( con/ruction1 imply+ t ,i d n yet possess :at ,i int5d to make4 ,let u abruptly =get ^! idols ( practical action & language4 ,! becom+ ( evolution w !n appe> to u 9 its true light1 z phases ( gradual maturation1 r\nd$ at int]vals by crises ( creative discov]y4 ,cont9uity & discont9uity w ?us admit possibility ( reconciliation1 ! "o z an aspect ( asc5t t[>ds ! future1 ! o!r z an aspect ( retrospection aft] ! ev5t4 ,& we %all see t ! same key w 9 addition disclose to u ! !ory ( k4 ,,vii4 ,! ,problem ( ,k3 ,analysis & ,intuition4 ,we "k :at importance has be5 atta*$ s9ce ,kant to ! problem ( reason3 x w\ld seem sometimes t all future philosophy is a return to x2 t x is no long] call$ to speak ( any?+ else4 ,besides1 :at we und]/& by reason1 9 ! broad s5se1 is1 9 ! human m9d1 ! p[] ( light1 ! ess5tial op]ation ( :i* is def9$ z an act ( direct+ syn!sis1 unify+ ! exp]i5ce & r5d]+ x by t v fact intelligible4 ,e movem5t ( ?\ght %[s ?is p[] 9 ex]cise4 ,to br+ x ev]y:]e to ! front w\ld be ! prop] task ( philosophy2 at lea/ x is 9 ?is mann] t we und]/& x today4 ,b f :at po9t ( view & by :at me?od d we ord9>ily con/ruct ?is !ory ( k8 ,! spontane\s works ( m9d1 p]ception1 sci5ce1 art1 & morality are ! dep>ture-po9t ( ! inquiry & its initial matt]4 ,we d n ask ourselves :e!r b h[ !y are possible1 :at !y imply1 & :at !y suppose2 a regressive analysis attempts by critical reflection to disc]n 9 !m _! pr9ciples & requisites4 ,! task1 9 %ort1 is to reasc5d f production to produc+ activity1 :i* we reg>d z suffici5tly reveal$ by its natural products4 ,philosophy1 9 consequ5ce1 is no long] any?+ b ! sci5ce ( problems already solv$1 ! sci5ce :i* is conf9$ to say+ :y k is k & action action1 ( su* & su* a k9d1 & su* & su* a quality4 ,& 9 consequ5ce also reason c no long] appe> any?+ b an orig9al datum po/ulat$ z a simple fact1 z a complete sy/em come d[n ready-made f heav51 at bottom a k9d ( non-temporal ess5ce1 def9able )\t respect to duration1 evolution1 or hi/ory1 ( :i* all g5esis & all progress are absurd4 ,9 va9 d we p]si/ 9 ma9ta9+ t x is orig9ally an act2 we always come r\nd to ! fact t ! me?od foll[$ compels u to consid] ?is act only :5 once accompli%$1 & :5 once express$ 9 results4 ,! inevitable consequ5ce is t we imprison ourselves hopelessly 9 ! affirmation ( ,kantian relativism4 ,su* a sy/em c only be true z a p>tial & tempor>y tru?3 at ! mo/1 x is a mom5t ( tru?4 ,if we read ! ,critique ( ,pure ,reason closely1 we become aw>e t ,kant has made ! critique1 n ( reason 9 g5]al1 b ( a reason fa%ion$ to ! habits & dem&s ( ,c>tesian me*anism or ,newtonian physics4 7,h4 ,b]gson1 ,report ( ,fr5* ,philosophical ,society1 meet+1 #bnd ,may #aija47 ,moreov]1 he pla9ly /udies only adult reason1 its pres5t /ate1 a plane ( ?\ght1 a sectional view ( becom+4 ,= ,kant1 m5 progress p]haps 9 reason1 b reason itself has no duration3 x is ! fix$ spot1 ! atmosph]e ( dead et]nity 9 :i* e m5tal action is display$4 ,b ?is c\ld n be ! f9al & complete tru?4 ,is x n a fact t human intellig5ce has be5 sl[ly con/itut$ 9 ! c\rse ( biological evolution8 ,to "k x1 we h n s mu* to sep>ate x /atically f its works1 z to replace x 9 its hi/ory4 ,let u beg9 ) life1 s9ce1 9 any case1 :e!r we w or no1 x is always 9 life & by life t we are4 ,life is n a brute =ce1 a bl9d me*anism1 f :i* "o c\ld nev] conceive t ?\ght w\ld spr+4 ,f its fir/ pulsation1 life is consci\sness1 spiritual activity1 creative ef=t t5d+ t[>ds lib]ty2 t is1 disc]nm5t already lum9\s1 al?\gh ! quality is at fir/ fa9t & diffus$4 ,9 o!r t]ms1 life is at bottom ( ! psy*ological nature ( a t5d5cy4 ,b ! ess5ce ( a t5d5cy is to develop 9 %eaf-=m1 creat+1 by ! m]e fact ( its gr[?1 div]g+ directions betwe5 :i* its impulse w be divid$4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #ajh47 ,along ^! diff]5t pa?s ! complem5t>y pot5tialities are produc$ & int5sifi$1 sep>at+ 9 ! v process1 _! orig9al int]pretation be+ possible only 9 ! /ate ( bir?4 ,"o ( !m ends 9 :at we call intellig5ce4 ,?is latt] !re=e has become gradually deta*$ f a less int5se b full] lum9\s condition1 ( :i* x has reta9$ only c]ta9 *>act]i/ics to acc5tuate !m4 ,we see t we mu/ conceive ! ^w m9d--or1 if we pref] ! ^w1 ?\ght--z ext5d+ beyond intellig5ce4 ,pure intellig5ce1 or ! faculty ( critical reflection & conceptual analysis1 repres5ts only "o =m ( ?\ght 9 its entirety1 a function1 a det]m9ation or p>ticul> adaptation1 ! "p organis$ 9 view ( practical action1 ! "p consolidat$ z language4 ,:at are its *>act]i/ics8 ,x und]/&s only :at is discont9u\s1 in]t1 & fix$1 t :i* has nei!r *ange nor duration2 x ba!s 9 an atmosph]e ( spatiality2 x uses ma!matics cont9ually2 x feels at home only among ?+s1 & ev]y?+ is r$uc$ by x to solid atoms2 x is naturally mat]iali/1 ow+ to ! v fact t x naturally grasps =ms only4 ,:at d we mean by t except t its object ( election is ! me*anism ( matt]8 ,b x supposes life2 x only rema9s liv+ itself by cont9ual loans f a va/] & full] activity f :i* x is sprung4 ,& ?is return to complem5t>y p[]s is :at we call intuition4 ,f ?is po9t ( view x becomes easy to escape ,kantian relativity4 ,we are confront$ by an intellig5ce :i* is d\btless no long] a faculty univ]sally compet5t1 b :i*1 on ! contr>y1 possesses 9 its own doma9 a great] p[] ( p5etration4 ,x is arrang$ = action4 ,n[ action w\ld n be able to move 9 irreality4 ,intellig5ce1 !n1 makes u acqua9t$1 if n ) all reality1 at lea/ ) "s ( x1 namely t "p by :i* reality is a possible object ( me*anical or syn!tic action4 ,m pr(\ndly1 intuition falls into analysis z life into matt]3 !y are two aspects ( ! same movem5t4 ,t is :y1 provid$ we only consid] ! g5]al =m ( physics1 we c say t x t\*es ! absolute4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #baf47 ,9 o!r t]ms1 language & me*anism are regulat$ by ea* o!r4 ,?is expla9s at once ! success ( ma!matical sci5ce 9 ! ord] ( matt]1 & its non-success 9 ! ord] ( life4 ,=1 :5 confront$ ) life1 intellig5ce fails4 ,be+ a deposit ( ! evolutive movem5t along its pa?1 h[ c\ld x be appli$ ?r\gh\t ! evolutive movem5t itself8 ,we might z well claim t ! "p equals ! :ole1 t ! effect c absorb its cause into itself1 or t ! pebble left on ! %ore outl9es ! =m ( ! wave :i* br\ght x4 7,preface to ,creative ,evolution47 ,is n t z good z say+ t life is unkn[able8 ,mu/ we conclude t x is impossible to und]/& x8 ,we %\ld be =c$ to d s1 if life _h employ$ all ! psy*ic pot5tialities x conta9s 9 mak+ pure und]/&+s2 t is to say1 9 prep>+ ma!maticians4 ,b ! l9e ( evolution :i* ends 9 man is n ! only "o4 ,by o!r div]g5t ways o!r =ms ( consci\sness h develop$1 :i* h n be5 able to free !mselves f ext]nal con/ra9t1 nor rega9 ! victory ov] !mselves z intellig5ce has done1 b :i*1 none ! less = t1 also express some?+ imman5t & ess5tial 9 ! movem5t ( evolution4 ,by br++ !m into connection ) "o ano!r1 & mak+ !m aft]w>ds amalgamate ) intellig5ce1 %\ld we n ?us obta9 a consci\sness co-ext5sive ) life1 & capable1 by turn+ %>ply r\nd ^u ! vital ?ru/ :i* x feels beh9d x1 ( obta9+ a complete1 ?\gh d\btless vani%+ vision8 7,creative ,evolution1 ,preface47 ,x is precisely 9 ?is t ! act ( philosophic intuition consi/s4 ,we %all be told t1 ev5 s1 we d n get beyond our intellig5ce1 s9ce x is ) our intellig5ce1 & ?r\gh our intellig5ce1 t we obs]ve all ! o!r =ms ( consci\sness4 ,& we %\ld be "r 9 say+ s1 if we 7 pure intellig5ces1 if !re _h n rema9$ r\nd our conceptual & logical ?\ght a vague nebula1 made ( ! v sub/ance at ! exp5se ( :i* ! lum9\s nucleus1 :i* we call intellig5ce1 has be5 =m$4 ,9 x reside c]ta9 complem5t>y p[]s ( ! und]/&+1 ( :i* we h only a confus$ feel+ :5 we rema9 %ut up 9 ourselves1 b :i* w become illum9$ & di/9ct :5 !y p]ceive !mselves at "w1 s to speak1 9 ! evolution ( nature4 ,!y w ?us le>n :at ef=t !y h to make to become m int5se1 & to exp& 9 ! actual direction ( life4 7,creative ,evolution1 ,preface47 ,does t mean ab&onm5t to in/9ct1 & desc5t ) x into infra-consci\sness aga98 ,by no means4 ,on ! contr>y1 our task is to br+ in/9ct to enri* intellig5ce1 to become free & illum9$ 9 x2 & ?is asc5t t[>ds sup]-consci\sness is possible 9 ! fla% ( an intuitive act1 z x is sometimes possible = ! eye to p]ceive1 z a pale & fugitive gleam1 beyond :at we prop]ly t]m light1 ! ultra-violet rays ( ! spectrum4 ,c we say ( su* a doctr9e t x seeks to g1 or t x goes aga9/ intellig5ce8 ,no?+ au?orises su* an accusation1 = limitation ( a sph]e is n misappreciation ( e legitimate ex]cise4 ,b intellig5ce is n ! :ole ( ?\ght1 & its natural products d n completely exhau/ or manife/ our p[] ( light4 ,besides1 t intellig5ce & reason are n ?+s complet$1 = ev] arre/$ 9 _! inn] /ructure1 t !y evolve & exp&1 is a fact3 ! place ( discov]y is precisely ! residual fr+e ( :i* we 7 speak+ above4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght w\ld furni% examples 9 pl5ty4 ,intuitions at fir/ obscure1 & only anticipat$1 facts orig9ally admitt+ no comp>ison1 & z x 7 irrational1 become in/ructive & lum9\s by ! fruitful use made ( !m1 & by ! f]tility :i* !y manife/4 ,9 ord] to grasp ! complex cont5t ( reality1 ! m9d mu/ d itself viol5ce1 mu/ awak5 its sleep+ p[]s ( reveal+ sympa?y1 mu/ exp& till x becomes adapt$ to :at =m]ly %ock$ its habits s mu* z almo/ to seem contradictory to x4 ,su* a task1 moreov]1 is possible3 we "w out its diff]5tial e mom5t1 & its complete :ole appe>s 9 ! sequ5ce ( c5turies4 ,at bottom1 ! new !ory ( k has no?+ new 9 x except ! dem& t all ! facts %all be tak5 into acc\nt3 x r5ews duration 9 ! ?9k+ m9d1 & places itself at ! po9t ( view ( creative inv5tion1 n only at t ( subsequ5t demon/ration4 ,h5ce its conception ( exp]i5ce1 :i*1 = x1 is n simple in=mation1 fitt$ into pre-exi/+ frames1 b elaboration ( ! frames !mselves4 ,h5ce ! problem ( reason *anges its aspect4 ,a great mi/ake has be5 made 9 ?9k+ t ,mr ,b]gson's doctr9e misund]/&s x3 to d5y x & to place x are two diff]5t ?+s4 ,9 its inmo/ ess5ce1 reason is ! dem& = unity2 t is :y x is display$ z a faculty ( syn!sis1 & :y its ess5tial act is pres5t$ z app]ception ( relation4 ,x is unify+ activity1 n s mu* by a dialectic ( h>moni\s con/ruction z by a view ( reciprocal implication4 ,b all t1 h[ev] %ad$ we suppose x1 entails a previ\s analysis4 ,!re=e if we place ourselves 9 a p]spective ( intuition1 ,i mean1 ( complete p]ception1 ! dem& = reason appe>s second only1 )\t be+ depriv$1 h[ev]1 ( its true task3 x is an e*o & a recollection1 an appeal & a promise ( pr(\nd cont9uity1 our orig9al anticipation & our f9al hope1 9 ! bosom ( ! elem5t>y atomism :i* *>act]ises ! transitory region ( language2 & reason ?us m>ks ! zone ( contact betwe5 intellig5ce & in/9ct4 ,is ?\ght only possible "u ! law ( numb]8 ,does reality only become an object ( k z a sy/em ( di/9ct b regulat$ factors & mom5ts8 ,d ideas exi/ only by _! mutual relations1 :i* fir/ ( all oppose !m & aft]w>ds =ce intellig5ce to move endlessly f "o t]m to ano!r8 ,if su* 7 ! case1 reason w\ld c]ta9ly be fir/1 z alone mak+ an intelligible cont9uity out ( discont9u\s p]ception & re/or+ total unity to ea* tempor>y "p by a syn!tic dialectic4 ,b all ?is really has mean+ only aft] analysis has tak5 place4 ,! dem& = rational unity con/itutes 9 ! bosom ( atomism some?+ l a murmur ( deep und]ly+ cont9uity3 x expresses 9 ! v language ( atomism1 atomism's basic irreality4 ,!re is no "q ( misund]/&+ reason1 b only ( putt+ x 9 its prop] place4 ,9 a p]spective ( complete intuition no?+ w\ld require to be unifi$4 ,reason w\ld !n be reabsorb$ 9 p]ception4 ,t is to say1 its pres5t task is to measure & correct 9 u ! limits1 gaps1 & weaknesses ( ! p]ceptive faculty4 ,9 ?is respect n a man ( u ?9ks ( d5y+ x its task4 ,b we try ) ,mr ,b]gson to r$uce ?is task to its true wor? & g5u9e importance4 ,= we are decid$ly tir$ ( he>+ ,reason invok$ 9 solemn & mov+ tones1 z if to write ! v5]able "n ) ! l>ge/ ( capital ,r's 7 a magic solution ( all problems4 ,m9d1 9 fact1 sets out f unity r ?an arrives at x2 & ! ord] :i* x appe>s to discov] subsequ5tly 9 an exp]i5ce :i* at fir/ is manifold & incoh]5t is only a refraction ( ! orig9al unity ?r\gh ! prism ( a spontane\s analysis4 ,mr ,b]gson admirably po9ts out 7,creative ,evolution1 pages #bdj-bdd & #beb-beg47 t !re are two types ( ord]1 geometric & vital1 ! "o a /atic hi]>*y ( relations1 ! o!r a musical cont9uity ( mom5ts4 ,^! two types are oppos$1 z space to duration & matt] to m9d2 b ! negation ( "o co9cides ) ! position ( ! o!r4 ,x is !re=e impossible to aboli% bo? at once4 ,! idea ( disord] does n correspond to any g5u9e reality4 ,x is ess5tially relative1 & arises only :5 we d n meet ! type ( ord] :i* we 7 expect+2 & !n x expresses our deception 9 ! language ( our expectation1 ! abs5ce ( ! expect$ ord] be+ equival5t1 f ! practical po9t ( view1 to ! abs5ce ( all ord]4 ,reg>d$ 9 itself1 ?is notion is only a v]bal entity1 unduly tak+ =m z ! common basis ( two anti!tic types4 ,h[ !re=e d we come to speak ( a p]ceptible div]sity :i* m9d has to regulate & unify8 ,?is is only true at mo/ ( ! disjo9t$ exp]i5ce employ$ by common-s5se4 ,reason1 accept+ ?is prelim9>y analysis1 & proce$+ to language1 seeks to organise x accord+ to ! ma!matical type4 ,b x is ! vital type :i* corresponds to absolute reality1 at lea/ :5 x is a "q ( ! ,:ole2 & only intuition has re-access to x1 by so>+ above syn!tic dissociations4 ,,viii4 ,conclusion4 ,z my la/ ^w & clos+ =mula ,i come back to ! leitmotiv ( my :ole /udy3 ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy is a philosophy ( duration4 ,let u reg>d x f ?is po9t ( view1 z contact ) creative ef=t1 if we wi% to conceive aright ! orig9al notions :i* x proposes to u ab\t lib]ty1 life1 & intuition4 ,let u say once m t x appe>s z ! en?ronem5t ( positive metaphysics3 positive1 t is to say1 capable ( cont9u\s1 regul>1 & collective progress1 no long] =cibly divid$ into irr$ucible s*ools1 ea* ( :i* reta9s its place1 *ooses its dice1 & beg9s a nev]-end+ mat* ) ! re/4 7,introduction to ,metaphysics 9 ! ,revue de ,metaphysique et de ,morale1 ,janu>y #aijc4 ,psy*ology1 accord+ to ,mr ,b]gson1 /udies ! human m9d 9 s f> z x op]ates 9 a useful mann] to a practical end2 metaphysics repres5t ! ef=t ( ?is same m9d to free itself f ! conditions ( useful action1 & rega9 possession ( itself z pure creative en]gy4 ,n[ exp]i5ce1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! laboratory1 all[s u to measure ) m & m accuracy ! div]g5ce betwe5 ^! two planes ( life2 h5ce ! positive "* ( ! new metaphysics47 ,let u next say t until ! pres5t mom5t x con/itutes ! only doctr9e :i* is truly a metaphysic ( exp]i5ce1 s9ce no o!r1 at bottom1 expla9s :y ?\ght1 9 its "w ( discov]y & v]ification1 rema9s 9 subjection to a law ( probation by durable action4 ,we h n[ only to %[ h[ x evades c]ta9 criticisms :i* h be5 levell$ aga9/ its t5d5cies4 ,"s h want$ to see 9 x a k9d ( a!i/ monism4 ,mr ,b]gson has answ]$ ?is po9t himself4 ,:at he rejects1 & :at he is "r 9 reject+1 are ! doctr9es :i* conf9e !mselves to p]sonify+ ! unity ( nature or ! unity ( k 9 ,god z motionless fir/ cause4 ,god w\ld really be no?+1 s9ce he w\ld d no?+4 ,b he adds3 ,! consid]ations put =w>d 9 my ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data result 9 an illu/ration ( ! fact ( lib]ty2 ^? ( ,matt] & ,memory lead u1 ,i hope1 to put our f+] on m5tal reality2 ^? ( ,creative ,evolution pres5t creation z a fact3 f all ?is we d]ive a cle> idea ( a free & creat+ ,god1 produc+ matt] & life at once1 ^: creative ef=t is cont9u$1 9 a vital direction1 by ! evolution ( species & ! con/ruction ( human p]sonalities4 7,lett] to ,p4 de ,tonqu$ec1 publi%$ 9 ! ,/udies ( #bj? ,febru>y #aiab1 & quot$ "h z f\nd 9 ! ,annals ( ,*ri/ian ,philosophy1 ,m>* #aiab47 ,h[ c we help f9d+ 9 ^! words1 accord+ to ! actual expression ( ! au?or1 ! mo/ categorical refutation ( monism & pan!ism 9 g5]al8 ,n[ to g fur!r & become m precise1 ,mr ,b]gson po9ts out t we mu/ approa* problems ( q a diff]5t k9d1 ^? ( morality4 ,ab\t ^! new problems ! au?or ( ,creative ,evolution has z yet said no?+2 & he w say no?+1 s long z 8 me?od does n lead him1 on ?is po9t1 to results z positive1 aft] _! mann]1 z ^? ( 8 o!r works1 because he does n consid] t m]e subjective op9ions are 9 place 9 philosophy4 ,he !re=e d5ies no?+2 he is wait+ & se>*+1 always 9 ! same _s3 :at m c\ld we ask ( him8 ,"o ?+ only is possible today3 to disc]n 9 ! doctr9e already exi/+ ! po9ts ( a moral & religi\s philosophy :i* pres5t !mselves 9 advance = ultimate ins]tion4 ,?is is :at we are p]mitt$ to attempt4 ,b let u fully und]/& :at is at issue4 ,! "q is only to "k :e!r1 z has be5 claim$1 !re is incompatibility betwe5 ,mr ,b]gson's po9t ( view & ! religi\s or moral po9t ( view2 :e!r ! premisses laid d[n block ! road to all future developm5t 9 ! direction be=e u2 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 su* a developm5t is invit$ by "s p>ts at lea/ ( ! previ\s "w4 ,! "q is n to f9d 9 ?is "w ! necess>y & suffici5t bases1 ! already =m$ & visible l9eam5ts ( :at w "o day complete x4 ,to imag9e t ! religi\s & moral problem is b\nd to be reg>d$ by ,mr ,b]gson z aris+ :5 x is too late = revision1 z admitt+ proposition & solution only z functions ( a previ\s !oretical philosophy beyond :i* we %\ld n g2 t 9 8 eyes ! solution ( ?is problem w be d$uc$ f pr9ciples already laid d[n )\t any call = ! introduction ( new facts or new po9ts ( view1 )\t any ne$ to beg9 f a new intuition2 t 8 view precludes all consid]ations ( /rictly spiritual life1 ( inn] & pr(\nd action1 reg>d+ ?+s 9 relation to ,god & 9 an et]nal p]spective3 su* a view w\ld be illegitimate & unreasonable1 fir/ ( all1 because ,mr ,b]gson has said no?+ ( ! k9d1 & secondly1 because x is contr>y to all 8 t5d5cies4 ,aft] ! ,essay on ! ,imm$iate ,data critics proce$$ to conf9e him 9 an irr$ucible /atic dualism2 aft] ,matt] & ,memory !y condemn$ him z fail+ = ev] to expla9 ! juxtaposition ( ! two po9ts ( view1 utility & tru?3 :y %\ld we require t aft] ,creative ,evolution he %\ld be =bidd5 to ?9k any?+ new1 or di/+ui%1 = example1 diff]5t ord]s ( life8 ,! problems mu/ be approa*$ "o aft] ! o!r1 &1 9 ! solution ( ea* ( !m1 x is prop] to introduce only ! necess>y elem5ts4 ,b ea* result is only tempor>ily f9al4 ,let u lose ! /range habit ( ask+ an au?or cont9ually to d some?+ o!r ?an he has done1 or1 9 :at he has done1 to give u ! :ole ( 8 ?\ght4 ,till n[1 ,mr ,b]gson has always consid]$ ea* new problem accord+ to its specific & orig9al nature1 &1 to solve x1 he has always suppli$ a new ef=t ( autonom\s adaptation3 :y %\ld x be o!rwise = ! future8 ,i seek va9ly = ! decree =bidd+ him ! "r to /udy ! problem ( biological evolution 9 itself1 & = ! necessity :i* compels him to abide n[ by ! premisses conta9$ 9 8 pa/ "w4 7,= ,mr ,b]gson1 ! religi\s s5tim5t1 z ! s5tim5t ( obligation1 conta9s a basis ( imm$iate datum r5d]+ x indissoluble & irr$ucible47 ,! only po9t :i* we h to exam9e is ?is3 w ! moral & religi\s "q compel ,mr ,b]gson to break ) ! conclusions ( 8 previ\s /udies1 & c we n1 on ! contr>y1 =esee po9ts ( g5]al agreem5t8 ,9 ! dep?s ( ourselves we f9d lib]ty2 9 ! dep?s ( univ]sal be+ we f9d a dem& = creation4 ,s9ce evolution is creative1 ea* ( its mom5ts works = ! production ( an ind$ucible & transc5d5t future4 ,?is future mu/ n be reg>d$ z a simple developm5t ( ! pres5t1 a simple expression ( g]ms already giv54 ,consequ5tly we h no au?ority = say+ t !re is = ev] only "o ord] ( life1 only "o plane ( action1 only "o rhy?m ( duration1 only "o p]spective ( exi/5ce4 ,& if disconnections & abrupt leaps are visible 9 ! economy ( ! pa/--f matt] to life1 f ! animal to man--we h no au?ority aga9 = claim+ t we _c obs]ve today some?+ analog\s 9 ! v ess5ce ( human life1 t ! po9t ( view ( ! fle%1 & ! po9t ( view ( ! _s1 ! po9t ( view ( reason1 & ! po9t ( view ( *>ity are a homog5e\s ext5sion ( x4 ,& ap>t f t1 tak+ life 9 its fir/ t5d5cy1 & 9 ! g5]al direction ( its curr5t1 x is asc5t1 gr[?1 upw>d ef=t1 & a "w ( spiritualis+ & emancipat+ creation3 by t we might def9e ,good1 = ,good is a pa? r ?an a ?+4 ,b life may fail1 halt1 or travel d[nw>ds4 ,life 9 g5]al is mobility itself2 ! p>ticul> manife/ations ( life accept ?is mobility only ) regret1 & con/antly fall beh9d4 ,:ile x is always go+ =w>d1 !y w\ld be glad to m>k "t4 ,evolution 9 g5]al w\ld take place z f> z possible 9 a /raight l9e2 special evolution is a circul> advance4 ,l du/-eddies rais$ by ! pass+ w9d1 liv+ bodies are self-pivot$ & hung 9 ! full breeze ( life4 7,creative ,evolution1 page #aci47 ,ea* species1 ea* individual1 ea* function t5ds to take itself z its end2 me*anism1 habit1 body1 & lett]1 :i* are1 /rictly speak+1 pure in/rum5ts1 actually become pr9ciples ( dea?4 ,?us x comes ab\t t life is exhau/$ 9 ef=ts t[>ds self-pres]vation1 all[s itself to be conv]t$ by matt] into captive eddies1 sometimes ev5 ab&ons itself to ! in]tia ( ! weight :i* x ought to raise1 & surr5d]s to ! d[nw>d curr5t :i* con/itutes ! ess5ce ( mat]iality3 x is ?us t ,evil w\ld be def9$1 z ! direction ( travel oppos$ to ,good4 ,n[1 ) man1 ?\ght1 reflection1 & cle> consci\sness appe>4 ,at ! same "t also prop]ly moral qualifications appe>3 good becomes duty1 evil becomes s94 ,at ?is precise mom5t1 a new problem beg9s1 dem&+ ! s\nd+s ( a new intuition1 yet connect$ at cle> & visible po9ts ) previ\s problems4 ,?is is ! philosophy :i* "s are pleas$ to say is clos$ by nature to all problems ( a c]ta9 ord]1 problems ( reason or problems ( morality4 ,!re is no doctr9e1 on ! contr>y1 :i* is m op51 & none :i*1 9 actual fact1 l5ds itself bett] to fur!r ext5sion4 ,x is n my duty to /ate "h :at ,i believe c be extract$ f x4 ,/ill less is x my duty to try to =esee :at ,mr ,b]gson's conclusions w be4 ,let u conf9e ourselves to tak+ x 9 :at x has expressly giv5 u ( itself4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 :i* is t ( pure k1 ,i mu/ aga91 z ,i conclude1 emphasise its exceptional importance & its inf9ite rea*4 ,x is possible n to und]/& x4 ,su* is frequ5tly ! case3 ?us x always has be5 9 ! pa/1 ea* "t t a truly new intuition has aris5 among m52 ?us x w be until ! inevitable day :5 disciples m respectful ( ! lett] ?an ! _s w turn x1 alas1 into a new s*ola/ic4 ,:at does x matt]6 ,! future is !re2 despite misconceptions1 despite incompreh5sions1 !re is h5ce=? ! dep>ture-po9t ( all speculative philosophy2 ea* day increases ! numb] ( m9ds :i* recognise x2 & x is bett] n to dwell ^u ! pro(s ( sev]al ( ^? :o are unable or unwill+ to see x4 ,index4 ,absolute1 !4 ,adaptation1 value (4 ,analysis1 conceptual1 contra/$ ) intuition4 ,appe>ances4 ,art1 & philosophy4 ,atomism4 ,automatism4 ,automaton1 ( daily life4 ,be+1 z becom+4 ,bra91 "w (4 ,causality1 psy*ological4 ,*ange4 ,common-s5se4 ,concepts1 analysis by & functions (1 z symbols1 creation (1 z g5]al frames1 practical rea* (1 inf]ior to intuition1 fur!r discuss$4 ,consci\sness4 ,cons]vation1 law (4 ,con/ants1 se>* =1 repres5t$4 ,cont9uity1 qualitative4 ,criticism1 ( language4 ,d$uction1 impot5ce (4 ,degradation1 law (4 ,det]m9ism1 physical4 ,discont9uity1 app>5t4 ,disord]4 ,du ,bois-,reymond4 ,duration1 real1 p]petually new1 & ?\ght1 & "t1 pure4 ,dynamic connection1 s*emes4 ,ego1 encru/ations ( !4 ,eleatic dialectic4 ,embryology1 evid5ce (4 ,evil1 a reality4 ,evolution1 drama (1 biological1 value & mean+ (1 n indisp5sable1 di/+ui%$ f developm5t1 z dynamic cont9uity1 z activity1 fur!r discuss$4 ,exi/5ce1 z *ange4 ,exp]i5ce4 ,fact4 ,fre$om4 ,free-w4 ,g5esis1 law (4 ,good1 a reality1 a pa?4 ,habit1 z ob/acle4 ,h]$ity4 ,het]og5eity4 ,homog5eity1 abs5ce (4 ,huxley4 ,images4 ,imm$iacy4 ,imm$iate1 !4 ,in]t1 !4 ,in/9ct1 is sympa?y1 contra/$ ) intellig5ce4 ,intellectualism1 di/ru/$4 ,intellig5ce1 product ( evolution1 & in/9ct1 broad mean+ (4 ,intuition1 z />t+-po9t1 intransmissible )\t language1 ae/hetic1 triumph (1 & duration1 & analysis4 ,intuitional ef=t1 cont5t4 ,kant1 8 po9t ( dep>ture1 conclusions (1 escape f4 ,k1 absolute1 utilit>ian nature (1 new !ory (4 ,language1 dang]s (4 ,laplace4 ,law1 concept (4 ,lib]ty1 p]sonal importance (4 ,life1 t5d5cies (1 is f9ality1 is progress1 fur!r discuss$4 ,limit-concepts4 ,mat]ialism4 ,me*anism1 psy*ological1 failure (4 ,memory1 problem (1 p]ception complicat$ by1 importance (1 racial1 planes (1 memory ( solids4 ,metaphor1 ju/ification (4 ,me?od1 philosophical4 ,mill1 ,/u>t4 ,motor-s*emes1 me*anisms4 ,my/icism4 ,non-morality4 ,no?+ness4 ,numb]4 ,ontog5esis4 ,palaeontology1 evid5ce (4 ,p>allelism4 ,p>alogism4 ,p]ception1 an art1 affect$ by memory1 fur!r expla9$1 fulfilm5t ( guesswork1 utilit>ian signification1 subjectivity (1 pure & ord9>y1 fur!r discuss$1 relation to matt]1 p]ception ( imm$iacy4 ,philosophy1 duty (1 function (4 ,phylog5esis4 ,planes1 ( consci\sness4 ,progress1 & reality4 ,quality1 & inn] _w4 ,quantity1 & quality4 ,rationalism4 ,ravaisson4 ,realism4 ,reality1 contact )1 a flux1 recognition (1 absolute1 elusive nature (1 p]sonal1 ess5tially qualitative1 pure1 inn]1 contra/+ views ab\t1 fur!r discuss$4 ,reason4 ,relation1 betwe5 m9d & matt]4 ,religion1 its place 9 philosophy4 ,r5an4 ,romanticism4 ,s*emes1 dynamic4 ,sci5ce1 prison] ( symbolism1 cult (1 impot5ce (4 ,s5se1 good1 & common-s5se4 ,space4 ,sp5c]1 criticism (1 success & weakness (4 ,spiritualism4 ,symbolism4 ,sympa?y4 ,ta9e4 ,?\ght1 me?ods ( common4 ,"t1 requir$ by ,mr ,b]gson's philosophy1 9 space1 & common-s5se1 & duration4 ,torpor4 ,trans=mism1 errors (4 ,utility1 z goal ( p]ception4 ,v>iation4 ,z5o ( ,elea4 ,zone1 ( feel+4