,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pantomime by ,r4 ,j4 ,,broadb5t ,au?or ( ,,/age ,,:isp]s1 etc4 ,,london3 ,,to ,,william ,,wade1 ,,esquire4 ,?is book is d$icat$ z a small tok5 ( ! ,au?or's e/eem & reg>d4 ,r4,j4,b4 ,,preface4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 ! mak+ ( ,!atrical ,hi/ory has be5 t ( ,pantomime1 yet 9 _m ( ! publi%$ works deal+ ) ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,/age x has1 ) ! exception ( a pass+ ref]5ce "h & !re1 be5 mu* neglect$4 ,x is ) a view ( convey+ to ! read+ public "s little1 &1 p]haps1 new in=mation ab\t ?is anci5t =m ( ent]ta9m5t t ,i am tempt$ to issue ?is ,hi/ory ( ,pantomime 9 ! hope & belief t x may n only prove int]e/+1 b also in/ructive1 to all lov]s ( ! ,/age4 ,r4,j4,b4 ,liv]pool1 ,decemb]1 #aija4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,orig9 ( ,pantomime ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,orig9 ( ,trag$y & ,com$y--,my?ology--,! mean+ ( ! ^w ,pantomime--,! orig9 ( ,h>lequ91 ,columb9e1 ,cl[n1 & ,pantaloon--,grecian ,my?ology--,trans=mation ,sc5es--,! rise ( ,grecian ,trag$y & ,com$y--,! ,satirical ,drama ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,indian ,drama--,aryan ,my?ology--,cl[n & ,columb9e--,orig9 ( ! ,*9ese ,drama--,inception ( ! ,japanese ,drama--,! ,siamese ,drama--,dramatic p]=mances ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 ,p]uvians1 ,aztecs1 ,zulus1 & ,fijis--,! ,egyptian ,drama ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,danc+1 i4e4 ,pantomime--,grecian ,danc+ & ,pantomimic ,sc5es--,ari/otle--,hom]--,dances common to bo? ,greeks & ,romans ,,*apt] ,v4 ,!spis--,! ,progress ( ,trag$y & ,com$y--,aes*ylus--,! ,epope--,hom]--,sophocles--,euripides--, grecian ,mimes--,! ,fir/ ,a!nian ,!atre--,sc5]y & ,effects ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,roman ,!atres--,description--,deadheads--,pant omime 9 ,italy--,livius ,&ronicus--,fabulae ,atellanae--,extemporal ,com$y--,orig9 ( ! ,masque1 ,op]a1 & ,vaudeville--,orig9 ( ! t]m ,hi/rionic--,etruscans--,popul>ity ( ,pantomime 9 ,italy--,pantomimi/s bani%$ by ,trajan--,n]o z a ,mime--,pylades & ,ba?yllus--,subjects *os5 = ! ,roman ,pantomimes--,! ,ballet--,! ,mimi & ,pantomimi--,ar*imimus--,vespasian--,h>l equ9--,mr4 ,pun*--,zany1 h[ ! ^w orig9at$--,anci5t ,masks--,lucian1 ,cassiodorus1 & ,demetrius 9 praise ( ,pantomime--,a celebrat$ ,mima--,pantomimes d5\nc$ by e>ly writ]s--,! purity ( ! ,engli% /age contra/$ ) t ( ! ,grecian & ,roman--,female p>ts on ! ,grecian & ,roman /ages--,! pr9cipal ,roman ,mimas--,! orig9 ( ! ,cl[n ( ! e>ly ,engli% ,drama ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,introduction ( ! ,roman ,pantomimic ,art into ,brita9--,fir/ ,engli% ref]5ce to ! ^w ,pantomime--,! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire--,! sacr$ play--,corni% ,amphi!atres--,pantomimical & ,lyrical elem5ts 9 ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass--,*ri/ian bani%m5t ( ! ,mimis--,p5alties impos$ by ! ,*ur*--,/4 ,an?ony on ,h>lequ9 & ,pun*--,v&5h(f--:at we owe to ! ,mimis ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,pantomime 9 ! ,engli% ,my/]y or ,miracle ,plays & ,pageants--,a retrospect ( ! ,e>ly ,drama--,my/]ies on ,biblical ev5ts--,*e/]1 ,cov5try1 ,york1 & ,t[neley ,my/]y ,plays--,plays 9 ,*ur*es--,traces ( ! ,my/]y ,play 9 ,engl& 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury--,my/]y ,plays on ! ,cont95t--,! ,*e/] s]ies ( ,plays--,! ,devil or ,cl[n & ! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! ,anci5t ,mimes ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,cl[n or ,fool ( ! e>ly ,engli% ,drama--,moralities--,! ,int]lude--,! rise ( ,engli% ,trag$y & ,com$y--,dumb ,%ews 9 ! ,old ,plays--,plays suppress$ by ,elizabe?--,a retrospect ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,italian ,masque--,! ,masque 9 ,engl&--,fir/ appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry ( ,h>lequ9--,joe ,ha9es z ,h>lequ9--,m>l[e's ,fau/us--,a ,curi\s ,play--,! ,italian ,h>lequ9--,colley ,cibb]1 ,p5ke?man--,%akespe>e's ,burlesques ( ! ,masque--,decl9e ( ! ,masque ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,italian ,pantomime--,riccoboni--,broom's ,antipodes--,gh]>di--,extemporal ,com$ies--,salvator ,rosa--,impromptu ,act+ ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,pantomimical ,*>act]s--,neapolitan ,pantomime--,! ,h>lequ9 ,family--,! ,orig9al ,*>act]s 9 ! ,italian ,pantomimes--,celebrat$ ,h>lequ9s--,italian & ,fr5* ,h>lequ9s--,a ,fr5* view ( ! ,engli% ,cl[n--,pi]rots' orig9--,pantaloon1 h[ ! "n has be5 d]iv$--,columb9e--,m>ionette & ,puppet ,%[s ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,italian ,sc5>ios & ,engli% ,platts--,pantaloon--,t>leton1 ! ,cl[n--,extemporal ,com$y--,! ,poet ,milton--,b5 ,jonson--,! ,commonweal?--,a ,reign ( ,dramatic ,t]ror--,rob]t ,cox & 8 ,hum\rs & ,droll]ies--,! ,re/oration ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,introduction ( ,pantomimes to ! ,engli% ,/age--,weav]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,mimes & ,pantomimes--,weav]'s ,pantomimes--,! prejudice aga9/ ,pantomimes--,boo?'s c\nsel ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,john ,ri* & 8 ,pantomimes--,ri*'s ,mim+--,g>rick1 ,walpole1 ,foote--,anecdotes ( ,ri*--,pope--,! dance ( int]nals 9 ,h>lequ9 ,sorc]]--,drury ,lane--,colley ,cibb]--,h5ry ,field+1 ! ,noveli/--,contempor>y ,writ]s' op9ion ( ,pantomime--,woodw>d1 ! ,h>lequ9--,! mean+ ( ! ^w ,actor--,h>lequ9s--,dr4 ,fau/us1 a description--,william ,rufus ,*etwood--,accid5ts--,v&]m]e1 ! ,h>lequ9--,orpheus & ,eurydice at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,a description--,sam4 ,hoole1 ! ma*9i/--,prejudice aga9/ ,pantomime--,mrs4 ,oldfield--,rob]t ,wilks--,mackl9--,riot at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre--,dea? ( ,ri* ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,joseph ,grimaldi ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,plots ( ! old =m ( ,pantomimes--,a description ( ,h>lequ9 & ! ,ogress2 or ! ,sleep+ ,beauty ( ! ,wood1 produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,grimaldi1 ,pre et ,fils--,tom ,ell>1 ! ,h>lequ91 & ,b>nes1 ! ,pantaloon--,an acc\nt ( ! fir/ production ( ! ,h\se t ,jack built1 at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,spectacul> display--,antiquity & ,orig9 ( "s ,pantomimic devices--,devoto1 ,angelo1 & ,fr5*1 ! ,sc5ic ,arti/s--,transp>5cies--,bev]ley--,trans =mation ,sc5es ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,pantomimic ,families--,giuseppe ,grimaldi--,james ,byrne1 ! ,h>lequ9 & ,inv5tor ( ! mod]n ,h>lequ9's dress--,joseph ,grimaldi1 ,junior--,! ,bologna ,family--,tom ,ell>--,! ,ridgways--,! ,bradburys--,! ,montgom]ys--,! ,paynes--,! ,m>%alls--,*>les & ,ri*>d ,/ilt--,ri*>d ,flexmore--,tom ,gray--,! ,paulos--,dubois--,ar?ur & ,*>les ,lecl]q--,jimmy ,b>nes--,fam\s ,pantaloons--,miss ,f>r5--,mrs4 ,siddons--,columb9es--,notable ,actors 9 ,pantomime ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,popul> ,pantomime subjects--,poor ,pantomime ,librettos--,pantomime subjects ( our prog5itors--,! v>i\s v]sions ( ,aladd9--,! ,babes 9 ! ,wood--,blue ,be>d--,beauty & ! ,bea/--,c9d]ella--,dick ,:itt+ton--,! ,h\se t ,jack ,built--,jack ! ,giant ,kill]--,jack & ! ,bean/alk--,r$ ,rid+-,hood--,! ,sleep+ ,beauty 9 ! ,wood--,unlucky subjects--,ali ,baba & ! ,=ty ,?ieves--,! ,fair ,"o ) ,gold5 ,locks--,! s\rce ( ,s9dbad ! ,sailor & ,rob9son ,crusoe ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,pantomime 9 ,am]ica ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,pantomimes made m attractive--,! ,re/rictive ,policy ( ! ,pat5t ,h\ses--,"m ,goose & ,george ,b>nwell at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,lively ,audi5ces--,jane ,%ore--,h>lequ9 ,pat & ,h>lequ9 ,bat--,! fir/ speak+ op5+--,extravag5ce 9 ,extravaganzas--,! doom ( ! old =m ( ,pantomime--,its revival 9 a new =m--,a piece ( pure ,pantomime--,pres5t day ,mimetic ,art--,l',enfant ,prodigue--,a retrospect--,! old ) ! new1 & conclusion ,,*apt] ,i4 ,orig9 ( ,pantomime4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( all "t !re has be5 implant$ 9 ! human brea/ ! ,dramatic in/9ct full ( life & ( vig\r1 & f9d+ und\bt$ly its outlet1 9 ! e>ly days ( civilization1 if n 9 ! ,dramatic ,art !n 9 ! poetry ( motion ) t necess>y & always ess5tial concomitant ( bo?--,pantomime4 ,inde$1 ( ! ,t]psi*orean ,art1 x has be5 truly obs]v$ ,t depriv$ ( ! imitative pr9ciple 7i4e41 ,pantomime71 ! /r5g?1 ! mute expression1 x becomes no?+ b a s]ies ( cad5c$ /eps1 int]e/+ m]ely z a graceful ex]cise4 ,equally s 9 e way does x apply to ! ,dramatic ,art1 :i* m9us its act+1 its ge/ures--9 a ^w1 its ,pantomime--we h no?+ b1 to quote ,hamlet1 ,words1 words1 words4 ,9 obs]v+ ,t all ! _w's a /age1 & ! m5 & wom5 m]ely play]s1 ,%akespe>e d\btless includ$ 9 ! g5]ic t]m play]s1 ,pantomimi/s z well3 ,inasmu* z ?is1 t :51 & :]ev] a "* is portray$1 or repres5t$1 be x 9 real life or on ! /age--,nature's look+-glass1 & ! _w 9 m9iature--! words t ! individual or ! "* speaks1 are accompani$ ) ge/ure & motion1 or1 9 o!r words1 ,pantomime1 :5 ,! action is suit$ to ! ^w1 ! ^w to ! action4 ,to trace ! orig9al orig9 ( ,pantomime1 or ,mimicry1 we mu/ g to ,nature h]self :]e we c f9d ?is practis$ by h] f ! beg9n+ ( all "t z freely1 & z fully1 z ev] x 01 or ev] w be1 ^u ! /ages ( our !atres4 ,:at bett] evid5ce1 or in/ances1 ( ?is c we h ?an 9 ^? /udies ( h] h&iwork8 z ! l>g] species ( cat]pill>s1 :51 by /ret*+ !mselves out 9 imitation (1 & to make _! foes ?9k t !y are snakes2 tig]s & lions *oos+ a backgr\nd 9 keep+ )1 & 9 imitation (1 ! col\rs ( _! bodies1 9 ord] to seize _! unw>y prey2 & = ! same purpose crocodiles imitat+ a rott+ log2 ! gre5 t9t ( ! liz>d's sk9 = ! sake ( concealm5t2 ! playful imitativ5ess ( ! mock+ bird2 ! hy/]ical laugh ( ! hya5a2 ! gaudy col\rs ( tropical snakes imitat$ by o!rs1 besides _m o!r examples ( ,mimicry1 9 su* z butt]flies ( ! species ,danaidae & ,acra$iae1 ! ,heliconidiae ( tropical ,am]ica2 & hornets1 wasps1 ants1 & bees4 ,all ?is1 x may be urg$1 is only in/9ct4 ,true2 b is x n also ,mimicry--! ,pantomime ( ,nature1 &1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ( a diff]5t k9d1 & = v diff]5t objects1 is1 nev]!less1 ( a k9d ( in/9ctive ,pantomime or ,mimicry :i* ea* & e "o ( u possesses 9 great] or less] degrees1 & z mu* z we d ! ,dramatic in/9ct4 ,! v "n ,pantomime itself signifies ,nature z ,pan 0 among/ ! ,anci5ts1 ! allegorical god ( ,nature1 ! %eph]d ( ,arcadia1 & ) ,mimos1 mean+ an imitator1 we h1 9 ! comb9ation ( ^! two words1 an imitator ( ,nature1 & f :5ce we d]ive ! orig9 ( our ^w ,pantomime4 ,dryd5 says3-- ,pan taught to jo9 ) wax unequal re$s2 ,pan loves ! %eph]ds & ! flocks he fe$s4 ,pan1 says ,s]vius1 is a ru/ic god1 =m$ 9 similitude ( ,nature1 :5ce he is call$ ,pan1 i4e41 ,all3 = he has horns 9 similitude ( ! rays ( ! sun & ! horns ( ! moon2 8 face is z ruddy z ! imitation ( ! ae!r2 he has a spott$ fawn sk9 on 8 brea/ 9 lik5ess ( ! />s2 8 l[] p>ts are %aggy on acc\nt ( ! trees1 %rubs1 & wild bea/s2 he has goat's feet to d5ote ! /ability ( ! e>?2 he has a pipe ( sev5 re$s on acc\nt ( ! h>mony ( ! heav5s1 9 :i* !re are sev5 s\nds2 he has a crook1 t is a curv$ /aff1 on acc\nt ( ! ye>1 :i* runs back on itself because he is ! god ( all ,nature4 ,b]n>d9 de ,/4 ,pi]re obs]ves ( ,pantomime1 ,t x 0 ! fir/ language ( man2 x is kn[n to all nations2 & is s natural & s expressive t ! *ildr5 ( :ite p>5ts le>n x rapidly :5 !y see x us$ by ! negroes4 ,( ! ,pantomimic language--a univ]sal language & common to ! :ole _w f "t immemorial--,*>les ,d>w9 says 9 8 ,desc5t ( ,man1 t ,! intellectual & social faculties ( man c\ld h>dly h be5 inf]ior 9 any extreme degree to ^? n[ possess$ by ! l[e/ savage2 o!rwise primeval man c\ld n h be5 s em95tly successful 9 ! /ruggle = life z prov$ by 8 e>ly & wide diffusion4 ,f ! fundam5tal diff]5ces betwe5 c]ta9 languages "s philologi/s h inf]r$ t1 :5 man fir/ became widely diffus$1 he 0 n a speak+ animal2 b x may be suspect$ t languages1 f> less p]fect ?an any n[ spok51 aid$ by ge/ures1 might h be5 us$1 & yet h left no traces on subsequ5t & m highly-develop$ tongues4 ,) ! progress (1 & also z an aid to1 civilization h[ c\ld ! travell] or ! trad]1 n only 9 ! beg9n+ ( "t1 b also n[1 :5 occasion dem&s1 9 _! int]c\rse ) =eign nations 7unless1 ( c\rse1 !y "k ! language7 make !mselves und]/ood1 or be able to trade1 unless !y 7 or are able to use t dumb sil5t language--,pantomime8 ,civilization und\bt$ly owes mu* ( its progress to x1 &1 also ! _w at l>ge1 to ?is only & always univ]sal language4 ,to bo? ! deaf1 z well z ! dumb1 its advantages h ev] be5 app>5t4 ,!re=e1 f prehi/oric times1 & f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 we may presume to h _h 9 "s =m or ano!r1 ! ,pantomimic ,art4 ,9 ! l[] /ages ( humanity1 ev5 9 our own times1 !re is1 9 all probability1 a close simil>ity to ! savag$om ( mank9d 9 ! e>ly ,ant$iluvian p]iod z ,?is is %[n 7says ,d>w97 by ! pleasure :i* !y all take 9 danc+1 rude music1 pa9t+1 tattoo+1 & o!rwise decorat+ !mselves--9 _! mutual compreh5sion ( ge/ure language1 & by ! same in>ticulate cries1 :5 !y are excit$ by v>i\s emotions4 ,x naturally foll[s t ev5 if !re 0 only danc+1 !re mu/ necess>ily1 z a =m ( ent]ta9m5t1 h also be5 ,pantomime4 ,aga91 all savage tribes h a w>-dance ( "s description1 9 :i* 9 fight+ co/ume !y inv>iably g ?r\gh1 9 ,pantomimic =m1 ! respective movem5ts ( ! ,*all5ge1 ! ,conflict1 ! ,pursuit1 & ! ,defeat1 :il/ o!r memb]s ( ! tribe1 bo? m5 & wom51 give additional /imulus to ^! repres5tations by a rude =m ( music4 ,! ,o/yak tribe ( ,nor!rn ,asia give u a specim5 ( ! rude imitative dances ( e>ly civilization 9 a ,pantomimic exhibition ( ! ,*ase2 ! gambols & habits ( ! wolf & o!r wild bea/s4 ,! ,pantomimic dances ( ! ,kam*adales are 9 imitation ( birds1 dogs1 & be>s2 & ! ,dam>as repres5t1 by f\r ( ! tribe /oop+ d[n ) _! heads toge!r1 & utt]+ h>% cries1 ! movem5ts ( ox51 & ( %eep4 ,! ,au/ralian ,bu%m5 ,mimic ! leap+ ( calves1 ! antics ( ! baboon1 & ! buzz+ ( sw>ms ( bees4 ,primitive ,pantomimic danc+ is practis$ among/ ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 & o!r races1 & j z x 01 presumably1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,hav+ briefly trac$ ! orig9 ( ,pantomime1 & ! s\rce ( danc+1 let u1 9 ord] to fur!r amplify my subject1 look at also = a mom5t ! orig9 ( music1 9 ! "t ( prehi/oric man4 ,f ,nature also d we d]ive ?is art1 z ,! sigh+ ( ! w9d pass+ ov] a b$ ( re$s is ,nature's fir/ sugge/ion ( brea?1 & ( music4 ,! clapp+ ( h&s & ! /amp+ ( feet is man's fir/ elem5t 9 ! mak+ ( music1 :i* develop$ itself into ! =mation ( drums1 bells1 & cymbals1 & ! evolution ( ! same prim>y pr9ciple4 ,x has be5 argu$1 & also ridicul\sly pret5d$1 t 9 ! ,ant$iluvian p]iod mank9d only liv$ 9 caves ) ! hairy mammo?1 ! cave be>1 ! rh9oc]os1 & ! hya5a1 9 a /ate ( b>b>\s savag]y2 & t only s9ce ! ,deluge h ! ,arts be5 kn[n & cities built on ?is t]re/rial sph]e ( ours4 ,c\ld any?+ be m fallaci\s8 ,we "k1 f ! ,bible1 t ! fir/ man 0 creat$ ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago1 & "s sixte5 hundr$ & fifty-six ye>s aft]w>ds ! inhabitants ( ! _w1 ) ! exception ( ,noah & 8 family1 consi/+ ( eight s\ls all told1 7 de/roy$ by ! flood4 ,noah & 8 family1 we c take x1 7 ( ! same race ( mank9d !n on ! e>?1 ( ! same desc5t & ( ! same fle% & blood 7z we all are7 ( our common fa!r & "m1 ,adam & ,eve2 yet we are n told t ,noah 7he 0 six hundr$ ye>s old :5 he w5t into ! ,ark7 & 8 family 7 savages4 ,9 ! #d? *apt]1 #ba/ v]se ( ,g5esis1 ( ,jubal-,ca91 we le>n t ,he 0 ! fa!r ( all su* z h&le ! h>p & organ2 & 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ,tubal-,ca9 is describ$ z ,an in/ructor ( e artific] 9 brass & iron4 ,we le>n1 also1 t magnific5t /atues 7 made 9 ,egypt "s six ?\s& ye>s ago2 & t m5tion is made ( a /atue ( ,k+ ,cephr51 said to h be5 *isell$ ab\t ?is p]iod1 & _m le>n$ m5 also affirm t lett]s 7 kn[n to ! inhabitants ( ! ,ant$iluvian _w4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 h>dly looks l ! "w ( a b>b>\s race1 & po9ts to an acqua9tance ) ! ,arts1 at any rate ( ,music & ,sculpture1 & t ( ! artific]s & work]s 9 brass & iron4 ,to foll[1 = my subject1 ?is reason+ a little fur!r1 if !re 0 music 7:i*1 d\btless1 !re 07 !re mu/ also h be5 danc+1 &1 if danc+1 !re mu/1 9 ! ,ant$iluvian age1 z a =m ( ent]ta9m5t1 h also be5 ,pantomime4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ev5 suppos+ t man1 at ?is p]iod1 0 no?+ else b a complete savage1 ! words ( ,d>w91 t ,i h quot$ on a previ\s page1 conclusively proves1 ,i ?9k 7on a common-s5se l basis71 ( ! exi/5ce ( danc+1 a rude =m ( music1 &1 ( c\rse1 ,pantomime at ?is epo*4 ,+]soll's doctr9e 0 t ,! di/ance f savag]y to ,%akespe>e mu/ be measur$ n by hundr$s1 b by millions1 ( ye>s4 ,f9ally1 :y1 & = :at reason1 %\ld ! ,"l ,god1 9 ,8 all-see+ goodness & m]cy1 puni% ! inhabitants ( ! ,ant$iluvian _w if !y 7 only poor un5light5$ savages8 ,0 x n because !y 7 idolat]s & wor%ipp]s ( idols1 ,& t e imag9ation ( ! ?\ghts ( 8 7man's7 he>t 0 only evil cont9ually1 z ! six? *apt] & fif? v]se ( ,g5esis tells u8 ,?is !n be+ s1 we "k also t 9 e anci5t =m ( religion danc+ 0 "o ( ! acts ( wor%ip1 & if danc+1 !re mu/ z previ\sly /at$1 h also be5 ,pantomime4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,orig9 ( ,trag$y & ,com$y--,my?ology--,! mean+ ( ! ^w ,pantomime--,! orig9 ( ,h>lequ91 ,columb9e1 ,cl[n1 & ,pantaloon--,grecian ,my?ology--,trans=mation ,sc5es--,! rise ( ,grecian ,trag$y & ,com$y--,! ,satirical ,drama4 ,9 ! ye> #bcdg ,b4,c41 9 ,*apt] #i1 v]se #bj1 9 ,g5esis1 !re occurs3 ,& ,noah began to be a husb&man1 & he plant$ a v9ey>d4 ,?is is "o ( ! fir/ acts t ,noah did aft] ! ,deluge1 & x is1 z hi/ory tells u1 f ! rites & c]emonies 9 celebration ( ! cultivation ( ! v9e1 t we owe ! orig9 ( ,trag$y & ,com$y4 ,aft] ! ,deluge ,god plac$ ,8 b[ 9 ! heav5s z ,8 cov5ant ) man t ! _w %\ld no m be accurs$2 & 9 ! fir/ ages ( ?is _w's hi/ory1 ,noah & 8 desc5dants celebrat$ _! deliv]ance f ! ,ark1 ! return ( ! seasons1 & ! promise ( pl5ty 9 _! sev]al religi\s rites & c]emonies4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,%em _h 9 g5]al ,asia z _! portion2 ,japhet _h ,europe2 & ,ham1 ,africa4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 religion began to lose its purity1 & x !n began to deg5]ate v fa/4 ,m5 began to repair to ! tops ( m\nta9s1 lonely caves & grottoes1 :]e !y ?\ght resid$ _! gods4 ,to hon\r !m !y erect$ alt>s & p]=m$ _! v[s4 ,among/ ! ,anci5ts _! ,my?ology w5t no fur!r ?an ! epo* ( ! ,deluge1 & 9 hon\r ( :i*1 & also ( ! ,ark1 !y erect$ _m temples call$ ,ar51 ,!ba1 ,argus 7f :5ce 0 probably d]iv$ ! ,argo ( ! ,argonauts1 & ! sacr$ %ip ( ,osiris71 ,cibotus1 ,toleus1 & ,b>is4 ,! symbol by :i* ! ,my?ologi/s repres5t$ ! ,ark 0 an imm5se egg4 ,?is 0 suppos$ to h be5 produc$ by ,e!r & ,*aos1 at ! bidd+ ( ,"t1 ! "o e!real be+ :o creat$ ! univ]se4 ,by ,nox 7,night7 ! egg 0 hat*$1 :i*1 be+ op5$ into two p>ts1 f ! upp] "p 0 =m$ heav51 & ! l[] e>?4 ,9 ! sacr$ rites ( ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ! ,dionysia ( ,bac*us1 ! ,ark or ,%ip 0 introduc$4 ,! ,dove1 by _m nations1 9 _! celebrations1 0 look$ ^u z a special emblem ( peace & good-w4 ,!ba1 9 ,egypt1 0 orig9ally "o ( ! temples d$icat$ to ! ,ark4 ,bo? prie/s & soo?-say]s 7 /yl$ ,ionah or ,doves4 ,to ,dodona1 9 ,epirus1 0 br\ght ?is & ! fir/ ,grecian oracle all ! rites & hi/ory ( ! ,!bans4 ,! prie/esses ( ?is temple 7 kn[n 9 ! ,lat9 z ,columbae4 ,x is f ?is ^w t we d]ive ! "n ,columb9e1 :i* means1 9 ! ,italian1 little dove4 ,hom] alludes to ! prie/esses z doves1 & t !y adm9i/]$ to ,zeu? 7,noah74 ,nonnus speaks ( ,cadmus1 & o!rs ( ,orpheus1 z introduc+ into ,greece ! rites ( ,dionysus or ,bac*us4 ,! ,anci5ts1 m5tions ,k5n$y 9 8 "w on ,my?ology1 h highly rev]5c$ ,noah1 & designat$ him z ,noa1 ,noos1 ,n\s1 ,nus1 ,nusas1 ,nusus 79 ,india71 ,?o?1 ,h]mes1 ,m]cury1 ,osiris1 ,prome!us1 ,deucalion1 ,atlas1 ,deus1 ,zeus1 & ,dios4 ,dios 0 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t t]ms = ,noah1 & :5ce 0 d]iv$ ,deus--,nusus comp\nd$ ( ,dios & ,nusos1 :i* gives u ,dionysus1 ! ,bac*us ( ! ,greeks1 & ! *ief god ( ! hea!n _w4 ,bac*us 01 prop]ly speak+1 ,cu% 7! son ( ,ham1 & gr&son ( ,noah71 ?\gh bo? ,dionysus & ,bac*us are1 by anci5t writ]s1 frequ5tly conf\nd$ ) "o ano!r4 ,! re/+ ( ! ,ark ^u ,m\nt ,b>is1 ,m9yas1 ! ,ar>at ( ,moses 9 ,arm5ia1 ! disp]sal ( ! flood1 ! multiplication ( ! families ( ! e>?1 & ! migration f ! pla9s ( ,%9> ( ! desc5dants ( ! sons ( ,*us or ,cu% 7z x is sometimes writt571 & call$ ,*u%ites or ,cu%ites1 to diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 be+ jo9$ by o!r nations1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! desc5dants ( ,ham1 "o ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,!y 7 ! fir/ apo/ates f ! tru?1 b be+ great 9 worldly wisdom & k !y 7 ?\ght to be1 & look$ ^u z a sup]ior class ( be+s4 ,ham !y look$ ^u z a div9ity1 & "u ! "n ( ,ammon !y wor%ipp$ him z ! ,sun1 & ,*us likewise z ,apollo1 a "n :i* 0 also be/[$ by ! ,anci5ts ^u ,noah4 ,! wor%ip ( ! sun 9 all probability orig9at$ ! ea/]n position 9 our *ur*es4 ,ano!r ( ! anci5t deities wor%ipp$ by ! ,ammonians 0 ,me$1 or ,meet1 ! ,cybele ( ! ,phrygians1 ! nurse ( ,dionysus1 & ! ,s\l ( ! ,_w4 ,nimrod1 ! mighty hunt] 7:o possess$ ! regions ( ,babylonia & ,*aldee71 & "o ( ! sons ( ,cu%1 0 ! build] ( t sem9>y ( idolatory ! ,city & ,t[] ( ,bel1 & erect$ 9 hon\r ( ! god ,bel1 & ano!r "n = ! sun4 ,^u ! confusion ( tongues :5 hi!rto ,! :ole e>? 0 ( "o language1 & ( "o spee*1 x came to be kn[n z ,babylon1 ,! ,city ( ,confusion4 ,hom] introduces ,orion 7,nimrod7 z a giant & a hunt] 9 ! %ades bel[1 & ! au?or ( ! ,pascal ,*ronicles m5tions t ,nimrod taught ! ,assyrians or ,babylonians to wor%ip fire4 ,! prie/s ( ,ammon1 nam$ ,petor or ,pator1 us$ to dance r\nd a l>ge fire1 :i* !y affect$ 9 _! danc+ to describe4 ,probably f ?is ! ,d]vi% dances all ov] ! ,ea/ may be trac$ to ?is s\rce4 ,k5n$y obs]ves1 ( ! confusion ( tongues at ,babel1 t x 0 only a labial failure1 s t ! p c\ld n articulate4 ,x 0 n an ab]ration 9 words or language1 b a failure & incapacity 9 labial utt]ance4 ,epiphanius says t ,babel1 or ,babylon1 0 ! fir/ city built aft] ! flood4 ,! ,cu%ites 7 a l>ge & num]\s body1 & aft] _! disp]sion f ,babylon !y 7 scatt]$ ,abroad ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,!y 7 ! same p :o imp>t$ _! rites & religi\s s]vices into ,egypt1 z f> z ! ,indus & ! ,ganges1 & /ill fur!r into ,japan & ,*9a4 ,f ?is ev5t is to be discov]$ ! fable ( ! flight ( ! ,grecian god ,bac*us1 ! fabul\s w&]+s ( ,osiris1 & ! same god "u ano!r "n1 ( ! ,egyptians4 ,:]ev] ,dionysus1 ,osiris1 or ,bac*us w5t1 ! ,anci5ts say t he taught ! cultivation ( ! soil1 & ! plant+ ( ! v9e4 ,dionysus1 ,bac*us1 or ,osiris1 z ,i h %[n 9 a prec$+ page1 7 only o!r designations = ,noah4 ,( ! ,h9du hea!n deity1 ,vi%nu1 ,fa!r ,b\%et m5tions an ,indian tradition1 conc]n+ a flood :i* cov]$ ! :ole e>?1 :5 ,vi%nu made a raft1 &1 be+ turn$ into a fi%1 /e]$ x ) 8 tail4 ,vi%nu1 l ,dagon1 0 repres5t$ "u ! figure ( a man & fi%4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! regions said to h be5 trav]s$ by ,dionysus1 ,osiris1 or ,bac*us 71 at diff]5t times1 pass$ ?r\gh by ! po/]ity ( ,ham1 & 9 _m ( !m !y took up _! resid5ce4 ,9 8 j\rney+s ! *ief att5dants ( ,osiris1 or ,bac*us1 7 ,pan1 ,anabis1 ,mac$o1 ! ,muses1 ! ,satyrs1 & ,bac*ic wom5 7 all 9 8 ret9ue4 ,! p ( ,india claim him z _! own1 & ma9ta9 t he 0 born at ,nusa 9 _! c\ntry4 ,arrian speaks ( ! ,nuseans z be+ ! att5dants ( ,dionysus4 ,9 all traditions ,dionysus appe>s z ! repres5tative ( "s p[] ( ,nature4 ,! fir/ :o r$uc$ ,my?ology to a k9d ( sy/em 71 9 all probability1 ! ,egyptians4 ,egypt 0 ev] ! l& ( grav5 images1 & "u ! veil ( ,allegory & ,my?ology ! prie/s conceal$ religion f ! eyes ( ! vulg>4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 brute animals & c]ta9 vegetables 7 repres5t$ z ! visible symbols ( ! deities to :i* !y 7 consecrat$4 ,h5ce ,jupit] ,ammon 0 repres5t$ "u ! figure ( a ,ram2 ,apis "u a ,c[2 ,osiris ( a ,bull2 ,m]cury or ,?ol ( an ,ibis2 ,diana or ,baba/is ( a ,cat2 & ,pan ( a ,goat4 ,f ^! s\rces are d]iv$ ! fabul\s trans=mation ( ! gods celebrat$ 9 ,egyptian ,my?ology1 & aft]w>ds import$ into ,greece & ,italy to s]ve z ! subjects ( ! ,grecian & ,roman ,pantomimes4 ,pantomime z we n[ "k ! t]m1 means1 n only ! ,art ( act+ 9 dumb %[1 b also t ( a spectacle or ,*ri/mas ent]ta9m5t4 7,i may add 9 p>5!sis1 t 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury--! n9ete5?--! diction>ies only ref] to ,pantomime z mean+ ! =m] ( ! above two def9itions1 & n ! latt]47 ,pan1 reg>d$ z ! symbol ( ! univ]se1 0 also ! god ( flocks1 pa/ures1 & %eph]ds 9 classic ,my?ology1 & ! gu>dian ( bees1 hunt+ & fi%+ 9 8 ,k+dom ( ,arcadia4 ,8 =m1 l ! ,satyrs1 bo? suppos$ to h be5 ! (fspr+s ( ,m]cury1 0 t ( a man comb9$ ) a goat1 hav+ horns & feet l ! latt] animal4 ,mimos 7,gr471 z ,i h /at$ 9 ! beg9n+1 means an imitator1 or a mimic1 & f :i* ^w we h ! d]ivation ( ! words mimicry1 mimetic1 & ! l4 ,pan 0 ! traditional inv5tor ( ! ,p&ean pipes1 & also f 8 "n we d]ive _m words t are 9 our language1 su* z panic 7,pan us$ to delight 9 sudd5ly surpris+ ! %eph]ds :il/ t5d+ _! flocks71 & ! o!r attributes ( ?is n\n1 includ+ t rec5tly co9$ t]m ( ! ,am]icans1 panicy4 ,pan is said to h be5 ! son ( ,m]cury1 or ev5 ,m]cury himself1 & o!rs say t he 0 ! son ( ,zeus4 ,m]cury & ,zeus1 x w be rememb]$ 9 ,my?ology1 7 only names = ,noah4 ,pan is unnotic$ by ,hom]4 ,a hea!n deity ( ,italy1 ,lup]cus1 ! gu>dian ( _! flocks & pa/ures1 has also be5 id5tifi$ ) ,pan1 & 9 ^: hon\r annual rural fe/ivals1 kn[n z ,lup]calia1 7 obs]v$4 ,! ,lup]calian fe/ivals 7 held on ! #ae? ( ! ,kal5ds ( ,m>*4 ,! prie/s1 ,lup]ci1 us$ to dance nak$ ?r\gh ! /reets z "p ( ! c]emonies atta*$ to ! fe/ival4 ,m5tion has be5 made by ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 9 8 ,travels1 ,vol4 ,,iv41 t ,h>lequ9 is ! god ,m]cury1 ) 8 %ort sword h]pe1 or 8 rod1 ! caduceus 7:i* has be5 lik5$ to ! sceptre ( ,judah71 to r5d] himself invisible1 & to transport himself f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r1 & t ! cov]+ on 8 head1 ! w+$ cap1 0 ! petasus4 ,apropos ( ?is1 ! foll[+ l9es 9 ! t5? ,ode1 ( ! fir/ book ( ,horace1 w probably occur to ! read]3 ,m]cury6 ,atlas' smoo?-tongu$ boy1 ^: w ,fir/ tra9$ to spe$ our wilde/ e>lie/ race1 ,& gave _! r\gh hewn =ms ) supple skill ,! gymna/'s grace4 ',tis ?9e ! unbodi$ spirits ( ! bless$1 ,to guide to bliss1 & ) ?y gold5 rod ,to rule ! %ades2 above1 bel[1 c>ess$ ,by e god4 ,m]cury1 z we h se51 0 among ! ,anci5ts1 only ano!r "n = ,noah4 ,inde$1 says ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 "s ( ! repres5tations ( ,m]cury ^u anci5t vases are actually tak5 f ! sc5ic exhibitions ( ! ,grecian !atre2 & t ^! exhibitions 7 also ! prototypes :]eon ,d',hanc>ville %[s ,m]cury1 ,momus1 & ,psy*e del9eat$ z we see ,h>lequ91 ,columb9e1 & ,cl[n on our /ages4 ,! old man 7,pantaloon71 is ,*>on 7! f]ryman ( hell74 ,! ,cl[n is ,momus1 ! buffoon ( heav51 ! god ( raill]y & wit1 & ^: l>ge gap+ m\? is 9 imitation ( ! anci5t masks4 ,among/ ! ,aryans1 ,m$ians1 ,egyptians1 ,*aldeans1 ,babylonians1 & o!r nations 7includ+ our own1 z did n ,lilly pr$ict ! execution ( ,*>les ,i41 ! plague1 ! great fire ( ,london1 & o!r ev5ts7 0 a/rology practis$4 ,! ,egyptians peopl$ ! con/ellation ( ! ,zodiac 7! fir/ op5 book = mank9d to read71 ) ,g5ii1 & "o ( ! twelve ,zodiacal signs 0 ,aries 7! ,ram74 ,! ram is ( ! same species z ! goat1 & ! god ,pan 0 ! ,goat god1 z we "k4 ,! a/rolog]s1 9 _! div9ations & rul+s ( ! planets plac$ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body "u a planet>y influ5ce4 ,! head & face 7 assign$ to ! h\se ( ,aries1 & !re=e ! face notably = ! ,pantomimic ,art 0 plac$ by ! anci5t a/rolog]s "u ! influ5ce ( ?is p>ticul> planet4 ,! hea!n wor%ip ( ,pan 0 n only kn[n 9 ,arcadia1 b also ?r\gh\t ,greece1 al?\gh x did n rea* ,a!ns until aft] ,m>a?on4 ,( ,pan's dea? ,plut>* tells ! /ory t 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 "o ,?amus1 a pilot1 visit+ ! isl&s ( ,paxae1 0 told ( ?is god's dea?4 ,:5 he rea*$ ,palodes he told ! news1 :]eupon l\d & great lam5tations 7 he>d1 z ( ,nature h]self express+ h] grief4 ,! epo* ( ! /ory co9cides ) ! enactm5t ( t grim1 & ! _w's greate/ trag$y on ! hill ( ,golgo?a1 & ! end1 & ! beg9n+ ( a new _w4 ,rabelais1 ,milton1 ,s*ill]1 & also ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 h allusions to ?is /ory ( ,plut>*'s4 ,! ambiti\s family ( ! ,titans 7! bones ( ! giants on ! e>? be=e ! ,deluge1 gave rise to ! /ories ( ! ,titans f\nd 9 caves71 & _! scions & coadjutors ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 ,apollo1 ,diana1 ,bac*us1 ,m9]va1 or ,pallas1 ,c]es1 ,pros]p9e1 ,pluto1 & ,neptune furni% by f> ! greate/ "p ( ! ,my?ology ( ,greece4 ,tradition says t !y left ,pho5icia ab\t ! "t ( ,moses to settle 9 ,crete1 & f !nce !y made _! way into ,greece1 :i* 0 suppos$ at t "t to be inhabit$ by a race ( savages4 ,! arts & inv5tions 7 communicat$ to ! natives1 & ! bless+s ( civilization 9 process ( "t inspir$ ! inhabitants ) admiration4 ,!y1 !re=e1 rel9qui%$ wor%ipp+ ! lum9>y & heav5ly bodies1 & transf]r$ _! devotion to _! b5efactors4 ,!n into exi/5ce sprang ! mo/ inconsi/5t & irreconcilable fictions4 ,! deifi$ mortals1 ) _! foibles & frailities1 7 transmitt$ to po/]ity 9 ! mo/ glori\s mann] possible1 & h5ce accord+ly1 9 bo? ! ,odyssey & ! ,iliad ( ,hom]1 we h a /range & het]og5e\s mixture ( :at is n only mighty 9 h]oes1 b also t :i* is equally mean4 ,9 ! ,grecian ,my?ology ! lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 ! exp$ition ( ,osiris1 ! w&]+s & trans=mation ( ,io1 ! fable ( ! conflagration ( ,phaeton1 ! rage ( ,pros]p9e1 ! w&]+s ( ,c]es1 ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies1 ! ,orgia1 or sacr$ rites ( ,bac*us1 9 f9e1 ! gr\nd "w ( ,grecian ,my?ology is to be trac$ to ! ,ea/1 f :]e also all our nurs]y tales1 & also our popul> ,pantomime subjects2 7:i* is ! subject ( ano!r *apt]7 p]haps1 ) ! exception ( our own ,rob9son ,crusoe1 orig9at$4 ,! n9e ,muses call$ ,pi]ides 9 ,grecian ,my?ology 7 ! daught]s ( ,jupit] & ,mnemosyne 7,memory71 suppos$ to preside ov] ! lib]al ,arts & ! sci5ces4 ,!y 7 ,calliope 7,h]oic ,poetry71 ,clio ,eut]pe 7,music71 ,erato 7,love ,poetry71 ,melpom5e 7,trag$y71 ,polyhymnia 7,muse ( ,s++ & ,rhetoric71 ,t]psi*ore 7,danc+71 ,?alia 7,com$y71 & ,urania 7,a/ronomy74 ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 ,m\nt ,helicon1 & ! f\nta9s ( ,ca/alia & ,aganippe 7 ! sacr$ places ( ! ,muses4 ,! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies are ( a p]iod t may be lik5$ to ! #g? c5tury ,b4,c41 & at ^! ,my/]ies z _m z #cj1jjj p]sons1 9 ! "t ( ,h]odotus1 assembl$ to witness !m4 ,! attributes ( ^! ,grecian ,my/]ies1 l ^? ( ! ,egyptians1 consi/$ ( processions1 sacrificial (f]+s1 purifications1 dances1 & all t ! ,mimetic & ! o!r ,arts c\ld convey2 add to ?is ! v>i\s col\r$ lights1 & ! fairy-l gr&eur ( ! :ole1 we h some?+ t may be lik5$ to ! ,trans=mation1 & o!r fairy-l sc5es ( ,engli% ,pantomimes & ,extravaganzas4 ,at ! ,orgia1 or sacr$ rites ( ,bac*us1 ! cu/om>y sacrifice to be (f]$1 because x f$ on v9es1 0 ! goat4 ,! v9e1 ivy1 laurel1 asphodel1 ! dolph91 lynx1 tig]1 & ass 7 all sacr$ to ,bac*us4 ,! acceptable sacrifice to ,v5us 0 a dove2 ,jupit]1 a bull2 an ox ( five ye>s old1 ram or bo> pig to ,neptune2 & ,diana1 a /ag4 ,at ! inception ( ! ,bac*analian fe/ivals 9 ,greece1 ! tragic song ( ! ,goat1 a sacr$ hymn 0 sung1 & f :i* rude beg9n+ sprang ! ,trag$y & ,com$y ( ,greece4 ,! ,greeks place e ev5t z happ5+ 9 _! c\ntry1 & x is n surpris+ t !y claim = !mselves ! inception ( ,trag$y & ,com$y1 :i* !y und\bt$ly 7 ! orig9ators ( 9 ,greece1 b ! religi\s fe/ivals ( ,dionysus1 ,osiris1 & ,bac*us1 to :i* we are suppos$ to owe ! inception ( ,trag$y & ,com$y1 7 kn[n long be=e ! ,greeks knew !m4 7,dionysus 0 ! patron & protector ( !atres47 ,! purport ( ! song 0 t ,bac*us imp>t$ 8 secret ( ! cultivation ( v9es to a petty pr9ce 9 ,attica1 nam$ ,ic>ius1 :o happ5$ "o day to espy a goat br\z+ ^u 8 plantations1 imm$iately seiz$1 & (f]$ x up z a sacrifice to 8 div9e b5efactor2 ! peasants assembl$ r\nd _! ma/]1 assi/$ 9 ! c]emony1 & express$ _! joy & gratitude 9 music1 songs1 dances1 & ,pantomime on ! occasion2 ! sacrifice grew into a fe/ival1 & ! fe/ival into an annual solemnity1 att5d$ mo/ probably e ye> ) additional circum/ances1 :5 ! c\ntrym5 flock$ toge!r 9 cr[ds1 & sang 9 ru/ic /ra9s ! praises ( _! fav\rite deity4 ,among/ ! report$ foll[]s ( ^! ,bac*analian fe/ivals 7 ^? fabul\s race ( grotesque sylvan be+s1 previ\sly ref]r$ to1 kn[n z ! ,satyrs4 ,!y 7 ( a /urdy frame1 9 features !y _h broad snub noses1 & appe>$ 9 r\gh sk9s ( animals ) l>ge po9t$ e>s1 heavy knots on _! =eheads1 & a small tail4 ,! eld] ,satyrs 7 kn[n z ,sil5i4 ,! y\ng] 7 m pleas+ & n s grotesque or repulsive 9 appe>ance z ! eld] ,satyrs4 ,to ! ,satyrs c be trac$ ! v>iegat$ dress ( ! mod]n ,h>lequ91 z 9 anci5t ,greek hi/ory m5tion is made ( ! p]=m]s enact+ ,satyrs be+ sometimes habit$ 9 a tig]'s sk9 ( v>i\s col\rs1 :i* encircl$ ! p]=m]'s body tightly1 & :o c>ri$ a wood5 sword1 wore a :ite hat1 & a br[n mask4 ,accord+ to ,s]vius 7z we h se57 ,pan _h also a bright spott$ dress 9 lik5ess ( ! />s4 ,f ^! ru/ic fe/ivals orig9at$ ! ,satyr1 or ,satirical ,drama1 z did its ,italian prototype1 ! ,fabulae ,atellanae or1 ,laudi ,osci4 ,^! rural sacrifices became1 9 process ( "t1 a solemn fa/1 & assum$ all ! pomp & spl5d\r ( a religi\s c]emony2 poets 7 employ$ by ! magi/rate to compose hymns1 or songs1 = ! occasion2 su* 0 ! rud5ess & simplicity ( ! age t _! b>ds cont5d$ = a prize1 :i*1 z ,horace intimates1 0 sc>ce wor? cont5d+ =1 be+ no m ?an a goat or sk9 ( w9e1 :i* 0 giv5 to ! happy poet :o acquitt$ himself be/ 9 ! task assign$ him4 ,f su* small beg9n+s ,trag$y & ,com$y took _! rise2 & l 7z ! be/ writ]s on ^! subjects tell u7 e o!r production ( human art1 extremely contemptible2 t wide & deep /ream1 :i* fl[s ) su* /r5g? & rapidity ?r\gh cultivat$ ,greece1 took its rise f a small & inconsid]able f\nta91 :i* hides itself 9 ! recesses ( antiquity1 & is almo/ buri$ 9 oblivion2 ! "n alone rema9s to give u "s light into its orig9al nature1 & to in=m u1 t ,trag$y & ,com$y1 l e o!r species ( poetry1 owe _! bir? to ,religion4 ,appropriately does ,horace obs]ve3-- ,nor 0 ! flute at fir/ ) silv] b\nd1 ,nor rivall$ emul\s ! trumpet's s\nd2 ,few 7 its notes1 its =ms 7 simply pla91 ,yet n unuseful 0 its feeble /ra91 ,to aid ! *orus1 & _! songs to raise1 ,fill+ ! little !atre ) ease1 ,to :i* a ?9 & pi\s audi5ce came ,( frugal mann]s1 & unsulli$ fame4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,indian ,drama--,aryan ,my?ology--,cl[n & ,columb9e--,orig9 ( ! ,*9ese ,drama--,inception ( ! ,japanese ,drama--,! ,siamese ,drama--,dramatic p]=mances ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 ,p]uvians1 ,aztecs1 ,zulus1 & ,fijis--,! ,egyptian ,drama4 ,( ! ,indian ,drama we le>n t ! union ( music1 song1 dance1 & ,pantomime took place c5turies ago ,b4,c41 at ! fe/ivals ( ! native gods1 to :i* 0 aft]w>ds add$ dialogue1 & long be=e ! adv5t1 out ( :i* x grew1 ( ! native drama itself4 ,! prog5itors ( ! ,indo-,european race1 ! ,aryans--9 ,sanscrit mean+ ,agriculturi/s--:o cross$ ! ,indus f ,amoo1 :]e !y dwelt ne> ! ,oxus1 "s two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 7 ! orig9al ance/ors & p ( ,india4 ,! ,aryan race 7,h9dus & ,p]sians only speak ( !mselves z ,aryans7 laid ! f\ndation ( ! ,grecian & ,roman ,my?ology1 ! d>k & m sombre leg5ds ( ! ,sc&9avian & ! ,teuton2 & all d]iv$ f ! v>i\s names gr\p$ r\nd ! ,sun god1 :i* 9 ! light] !mes ! ,aryans associat$ ) ! ris+ & ! sett+ ( ! sun1 9 all its heav5ly glory1 & ) ! sombre leg5ds ! com+ ( ! w9t]1 & m>k+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 lightness & d>kness4 ,9 ,india ! orig9 ( dramatic ent]ta9m5ts has be5 attribut$ to ! sage ,bh>ata 7mean+ an actor71 :o receiv$1 x is said1 a communication f ! god ,brahma to introduce !m1 z ! latt] _h receiv$ 8 k ( !m f ! ,v$as4 ,bh>ata 0 also said to be ! ,fa!r ( dramatic criticism4 ,pantomimic sc5es d]iv$ f ! hea!n ,my?ology ( ,vi%nu--a collection ( poems & hymns on ! ,aryan religion--are ev5 n[ 9 ,india occasionally enact$ by ! ,jatras ( ! ,b5galis & ! ,rasas ( ! prov9ces 9 ! we/1 &1 j z _! =efa!rs did ages & ages ago4 ,an episode f ! hi/ory ( ! god ,vi%nu1 9 relation to 8 m>riage ) ,laxmi1 0 a fav\rite subject = ! e>ly ,indian ,drama4 ,( ,v$ic ,my?ology ,pr(essor ,max ,mll] obs]ves t 9 x ,!re are no g5ealogies1 no settl$ m>riages betwe5 gods & goddesses4 ,! fa!r is sometimes ! son1 ! bro!r1 ! husb&1 & %e :o 9 "o hymn is ! "m1 is 9 ano!r ! wife4 ,z ! conceptions ( ! poet v>y s v>ies ! nature ( ^! gods4 ,! ,h9doo dramatic writ]1 ,babhavti--! ,indian ,%akespe>e--introduc$ ) success 9 "o ( 8 dramas1 l 9 our ,hamlet1 a play )9 a play1 & mu* 9 a simil> way z our e>ly dramati/s us$ 9 _! plays1 ! dumb %[s4 ,betwe5 ! native ,trag$y & ,com$y1 z 9 ,*9a1 !re 0 no def9ite di/9ction1 &1 al?\gh bo? conta9$ "s ( ! be/ & noble/ s5tim5ts1 yet ! racial philosophy ( ca/e ent]s greatly into ! con/ruction ( ea*4 ,9 ! ,h9doo ,my?ology we h prototypes ( ! gods ( ! ,egyptian1 ,grecian1 & ,roman ,my?ologies4 ,! god ,vi%nu1 :o1 9 ,aryan ,my?ology1 is ! w9d & ,trav]ses ! heav5s 9 ?ree /rides1 is ! greate/ ( all hea!n deities4 ,8 dwell+-place 0 ,! a]ial m\nta9s1 :]e ! _m horn$ & swiftly mov+ cattle abide4 ,9 ,grecian ,my?ology ,h]mes or ,m]cury took on "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,vi%nu4 ,9 ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies ( ! ,greeks1 ! signs & symbols t m>k$ ! wor%ip ( ,vi%nu by ! ,aryans1 are app>5t2 & 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! sc5es ( ! vases ( ! ,hamilton collection agree closely ) ! ,sacti rites ( ,h9du/an4 ,aft] hav+ briefly notic$ & introduc$ ,vi%nu or ,h]mes to ! notice ( ! read]1 we w n[ take ano!r ( ! ,aryan deities--,see-,va1 ! ,w9e god4 ,?is my? 0 ! ,dionysus1 or ,bac*us1 ( ! ,greeks1 & ! exp$ition ( ?is immortal ?r\gh ! _w to in/ruct mank9d 9 agriculture1 is lik5$ z well z ! god himself by ! ,egyptians to _! deity ,osiris--! god ( ! ,nile4 ,! wor%ip ( ,see-,va1 ,bac*us1 or ,osiris ext5d$ ov] ,asia ,m9or1 ,greece1 & ,italy4 ,! visit & adv5t ( ! ,w9e or ,pleasure god ,bac*us to ,india1 ) 8 accompany+ tra9 ( sylvan & rural deities1 & nymphs1 is suppos$ to h conqu]$ ! ,h9doos1 & taught !m civilization1 besides ! cultivation ( ! v9e4 ,/range to relate t :5 ,alex&] & 8 army rea*$ ! pres5t ,cabul !y f\nd ivy & wild v9es 7bo? sacr$ to ,bac*us7 gr[+ 9 abundance1 & !y 7 met by processions dress$ 9 p>ti-col\r$ dresses1 play+ on drums l ! ,bac*ic fe/ivals ( ,greece & ,l[] ,asia ( t "t4 ,female p>ts 7 act$ by wom51 b x 0 n a g5]al cu/om2 & ! ,cl[n ( ! piece 0 always a ,brahma1 or if n1 at any rate a pupil ( ,brahma4 ,also among ! m9or *>act]s 0 ! ,vita1 ! accompli%$ companion1 a "p sometimes play$ by m5 & sometimes by wom54 ,probably 9 ?is 9 ! latt] in/ance we h ! orig9 ( ! ,columb9e & ,s\brette "p 9 aft] ye>s ( ! ,european /age z ! t]m accompli%$ companion1 w\ld equally apply to bo?4 ,x is only a surmise1 yet hi/ory z we "k is cont9ually repeat+ itself--ev5 9 ,s\brette p>ts1 & 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,( sc5ic displays t x possess$ !re 0 little or none1 ?\gh ! exits & entrances to ! /age _h probably "s device to d5ote !m4 ,:at !y possess$ 9 ! way ( prop]ties x is m ?an useless to speculate1 z1 :atev] c\ld be said1 c\ld only be conjectural4 ,9 dress+ _! p>ts propriety 9 co/ume1 & 9 adh]+ to ! habits ( ! ,indian ,drama1 seems to h be5 obs]v$ ) "s %[ ( consi/5cy4 ,! ,*9ese ,drama also arose f ! ,h9doo develop+ itself z "t roll$ on f ,pantomimes & ballets4 ,a v anci5t ,pantomime is said to h be5 symbolical ( ! conque/ ( ,*9a by ,w\ ,wang4 ,o!rs 7 on subjects ( ! ,h>ve/1 ,w>1 & ,peace2 :il/ _m 7 only ( an obscure nature4 ,) ! rise & progress ( ! native drama ab\t five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ ,pantomimes fell into disrepute4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t "o ( ! p5al codes ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire 01 t ^? :o wrote plays ) vici\s1 or immoral t5d5cies1 %\ld /ay 9 purgatory z long z _! plays 7 p]=m$4 ,?is precept 0 all "r 9 !ory1 b 9 practice x 0 m hon\r$ 9 ! brea* ?an 9 ! obs]vance1 z among/ ! :ole ( ! ,cele/ial dramatic writ]s only "o 9 ab\t t5 ?\s& seems to h con=m$ to ?is rule4 ,! dramatic writ]s ( ,*9a duly obs]v$ ! "q ( rank & priority1 & j z mu* z ! native ,h9doo writ]s obs]v$ t ( ! v>i\s phases ( ca/e4 ,plays 7 divid$ into acts & sc5es1 & occasionally 7 prefix$ by a prologue4 ,p]=mances took sometimes a s+le day1 & fav\rite plays (t5times long]4 ,! ,japanese type ( drama seems to h orig9ally evolv$ itself f t ( ! ,*9ese1 ?\gh its s++1 danc+1 hi/orical1 & ,pantomimical displays are1 ( c\rse1 purely native4 ,a native ( ,japan1 ?\gh ( ,*9ese desc5t1 ,hadu ,kawatsa1 at ! close ( ! #f? c5tury 7,a4,d47 gave dramatic ent]ta9m5ts 9 ,japan4 ,! ,japanese claim = ! ,pantomimical dance ,sambs z a prev5tative ( e>?quakes & volcanic eruptions2 & ?is dance1 x is said1 t )9 rec5t ye>s1 is us$ z a prelude to dramatic ent]ta9m5ts4 ,isono ,z5ji is ?\ght to h be5 ! orig9ator ( ! ,japanese ,drama1 b h] p]=mances 7 m ^? ( ! ,mima--danc+ & po/ur+4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,s>uwaka ,kanzabur introduc$ ! drama prop] into ,japan by ! erection1 9 #afbd1 ( a !atre1 & ne>ly fifty ye>s lat] ?an ! fir/ p]man5t !atre t 0 erect$ 7#aegf7 9 ,engl&4 ,popul> hi/orical subjects 7 *os5 = ! plays1 ?\gh ! names ( ! *>act]s 7 trans=m$4 ,fancy plays1 op]as1 ballets1 :i* 9 ! latt] wom5 appe>$1 became also v popul>4 ,)9 sight ( ! clos+ ye>s ( ! la/ c5tury 7! n9ete5?71 ,japanese actors 7 m or less "u a ban :5 ! same 0 happily remov$4 ,siam 0 cont5t ) ! ,indian /yle ( dramatic & ,pantomimic ent]ta9m5ts4 ,!atrical p]=mances 7 also slightly kn[n--?\gh no regul> type ( drama is kn[n--among/ ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 ! ,p]uvians1 ! ,aztecs1 ! ,zulus1 & ! ,fijis1 ! two la/ nam$ hav+ a simil> v]sion ( our popul> ,pantomime subject1 ,jack & ! ,bean/alk4 ,! ,egyptians possess$ no regul> type ( drama1 yet 9 bo? ! ,books ( ,job & ,ru? ! dramatic elem5t is /rongly m>k$4 ,at ! ru/ic fe/ivals ( ! native gods1 z 9 ,greece & ,italy1 !re 01 h[ev]1 ! dramatic elem5ts ( ! union ( song1 dance1 & ,pantomime1 & we are told t ! prie/s n only /udi$ music1 b also taught ! art to o!rs4 ,aga9 9 ! rites ( ! dead ! ,my/]ies ( ! sepulture ov] ! transmigration ( s\ls1 ! dramatic elem5t ent]$ l>gely into ^! my/ic rites & celebrations4 ,among/ ! ,pagan ,greeks1 z ,i h previ\sly /at$1 & ! ,romans1 we le>n ( simil> celebrations1 c>ri$ out ) great pomp & c]emony1 su* z ! apo!osis ( ! s\l dep>t+ f its e>?ly to its heav5ly abode4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,danc+1 i4e4 ,pantomime--,grecian ,danc+ & ,pantomimic ,sc5es--,ari/otle--,hom]--,dances common to bo? ,greeks & ,romans4 ,9 trac+ ! ,hi/ory ( ,pantomime x becomes a matt] ( consid]able difficulty1 &1 z ,b>on1 9 8 ,lettres sur la ,danse1 obs]ves t :5 ! ^w ,danc+ occurs 9 an old au?or1 t x %\ld always be translat$ by ge/iculation1 declamation1 or ,pantomime4 ,:5 we read t an actress danc$ h] "p well 9 ! trag$y ( ,m$ea1 t a c>v] cut up food danc+1 t ,heligobalus & ,caligula danc$ a disc\rse = an audi5ce ( /ate1 we are to und]/& t !y--actress1 c>v]1 & emp]or--declaim$1 ge/iculat$1 made !mselves und]/ood 9 a language )\t words4 ,act+ is also (t5times conf\nd$ ) danc+1 & x is1 !re=e1 manife/ly impossible to di/+ui% n[ "o f ! o!r4 ,! ,greeks1 m5tions ,butteux1 appli$ ! t]m ,danc+ to all measur$ movem5ts1 ev5 to milit>y m>*+4 ,!y danc$ any:]e & ev]y:]e2 & we are told t bo? _! limbs & bodies spoke4 ,cybele 0 suppos$ by ! ,greeks to h taught danc+ on ,m\nt ,ida to ! ,corybantes1 & !y also say t x 0 9 _! c\ntry t ,apollo reveal$ ! ,t]psi*orean ,art1 & t ( ,music & ,poetry4 ,aft] all ?is1 x is n v surpris+ t !y make claim = ! innovation ( ,pantomime4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 we "k is diff]5t1 z we h se5 t1 f "t immemorial ,pantomimic sc5es & dances h be5 repres5t$4 ,cassiodorus attributes its in/itution to ,phili/ion2 ,a!na5s assigns x to ,rhodaman?us1 or to ,palam$es4 ,) ! ,greeks1 ,pantomimes became v popul>1 & !y 7 di/+ui%$ by v>i\s names4 ,be=e !y began _! ,trag$ies ! ,greeks us$ to give a ,pantomimic display4 ,! pr9cipal ,pantomimi/s 7 kn[n z ,e?ologues1 mean+ pa9t]s ( mann]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ^! ,mimes 0 ,sophron ( ,syracuse4 ,9 depict+ ! conduct ( man s fai?fully1 ! ,pantomimes ( ! ,greek ,mimes s]v$ to tea* & inculcate useful moral lessons4 ,! moral philosophy ( ! ,mime1 ,sophron1 0 s pure t ,plato kept a book ( 8 poems "u 8 pill[ :5 on 8 dea?-b$4 ,besides ^! ,moralities1 z !y 7 t]m$1 !re 71 9 addition1 light pieces ( a f>cical k9d1 9 ! portrayal ( :i* ! ,mimes 7 equally z successful z 9 ! o!r species4 ,! danc+ ( ! ,greeks 0 an actual language1 9 :i* all s5tim5ts & passages 7 int]pret$4 ,by ! aid ( ! ,t]psi*orean ,art1 ,pr(essor ,desrat says1 ,t ! ,greeks1 a nation ( h]oes1 tra9$ !mselves 9 ! art ( h&-to-h& combat4 ,danc+1 says ano!r writ]1 & imitative act+ 9 ! l[] /ages ( civilization are id5tical1 & 9 ! sacr$ dances ( anci5t ,greece we may trace ! :ole ,dramatic ,art ( ! mod]n _w4 ,! ,sp>tans practis$ danc+ z a gymna/ic ex]cise1 & made x compulsory ^u all *ildr5 f ! age ( five4 ,& we are also told t religi\s processions w5t ) song & dance 7&1 ( c\rse1 ,pantomime71 to ! ,egyptian temples2 ! ,cretan *orus sang hymns to ! ,greek gods2 ,david danc$ 9 procession be=e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant2 & t we are to ,praise ! ,"l ) ! s\nd ( ! trumpet1 praise ,him ) ! psalt]y & ! h>p2 praise ,him ) ! timbrel & ! dance4 ,ari/otle speaks ( ,mimetic dances ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,augu/an era4 ,he also says t danc]s want nei!r poetry or music1 z by ! assi/ance ( measure & cad5ce only !y c imitate human mann]s1 actions1 & passions4 ,aga91 ,hom]1 describ+ ! employm5t ( ! ,delian prie/esses1 or ,nuns1 ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,apollo ( ,delos1 t !y 7 great adepts 9 ! ,art ( ,mimicry1 & t "p ( ! ent]ta9m5t :i* !y af=d$ to ! num]\s p ( diff]5t nations2 :o =m$ _! congregations 01 z ! poet expresses x1 f _! be+ skill$ to imitate ! voices & ! pulsation or measure ( all nations1 & s exactly 0 _! song adapt$ t e man w\ld ?9k he himself 0 s++4 ,hom] also m5tions a dance inv5t$ = ,ariadne4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! danc]s1 !re 7 two danc]s :o sang ! adv5tures ( ,da$alus1 supplem5t+ _! s++ by ge/ures1 & expla9+ 9 ,pantomime ! subject ( ! :ole p]=mance4 ,! ,pyrrhic dance ( ! ,greeks 0 a sort ( milit>y ,pantomime4 ,! ,greeks _h sev]al k9ds ( ,pyrrhic dances1 ! names ( :i* v>i$ ) ! "* ( ! p]=mance4 ,! ,hyploma*ia imitat$ a fight ) %ields4 ,! ,skiama*ia 0 a battle ) %ad[s1 ,! ,monoma*ia 0 an imitation ( s+le combat4 ,"s ( ! ,mimetic dances common to bo? ,greeks & ,romans 7 ,! ,loves ( ,adonis & ,v5us1 ! ,exploits ( ,ajax1 ! ,adv5tures ( ,apollo1 ! ,rape ( ,ganym$e1 ! ,loves ( ,jupit] & ,danae1 ! ,bir? ( ,jupit]1 ,hector1 ! ,rape ( ,europa1 ! ,lab\rs ( ,h]cules1 ,h]cules ,mad1 ! ,graces1 ,saturn dev\r+ 8 ,*ildr51 ! ,cybele 9 hon\r ( ,cybele1 ! ,cyclops1 ! ,sorr[s ( ,niobe1 ! ,tragic ,end ( ,semele1 ! ,w>s ( ! ,titans1 ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is1 ,daphne pursu$ by ,apollo1 ! ,bucolic ,dance1 & ! ,dance ( ,fl[]s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,!spis--,! ,progress ( ,trag$y & ,com$y--,aes*ylus--,! ,epope--,hom]--,sophocles--,euripides--, grecian ,mimes--,! ,fir/ ,a!nian ,!atre--,sc5]y & ,effects4 ,:5 ,!spis fir/ po9t$ out ! tragic pa?1 & :5 7z ,horace tells u 9 8 ,odes7 t ,! inv5tor ( ! ,art c>ri$ 8 vagrant play]s on a c>t1 by 8 introduction ( a new p]sonage1 :o reliev$ ! *orus1 or troop ( s+]s1 by recit+ "s "p ( a well-kn[n hi/ory1 or fable1 :i* gave "t = ! *orus to re/4 ,all t ! actors repeat$ betwe5 ! songs ( ! *orus 0 call$ an episode1 or additional "p1 consi/+ (t5 ( diff]5t adv5tures1 :i* _h no connexion ) ea* o!r4 ,?us ,pantomime1 ! song1 & ! dance1 :i* 7 at fir/ ! only p]=mances1 became gradually & ins5sibly a necess>y & ornam5tal "p ( ! drama4 ,f ?is "t1 ! actor1 or recit]1 0 m att5d$ to ?an ! *orus2 h[ev]1 8 "p 0 execut$1 & x _h ! p[]ful *>ms ( novelty to recomm5d x1 & quickly obscur$ ! lu/re ( ! *orus1 ^: songs 7 n[ ( a diff]5t nature1 insomu* t ! orig9al subject ( !m1 ! praise ( ,bac*us1 0 by degrees ei!r slightly m5tion$1 or totally pass$ ov] & =gott52 ! prie/s1 :o we may suppose = a long "t presid$ ov] ! :ole1 7 al>m$ at s op5 a contempt ( ! deity1 & unanim\sly exclaim$1 t ?is 0 no?+ to ,bac*us2 ! contempt grew into a k9d ( prov]bial say+1 & z su* is h&$ d[n to u4 ,f ! orig9 ( ,trag$y & ,com$y1 & to ! days ( ,!spis1 & f ?is "t to t ( ,aes*ylus1 all is d\bt1 conjecture1 & obscurity2 nei!r ,ari/otle1 nor any o!r anci5t writ]1 gives u ! lea/ insight into ! /ate & progress ( ! ,greek ,drama2 ! names ( a few1 & b a few1 trag$ians1 dur+ ?is d>k p]iod1 are h&$ d[n to u2 su* 7 ,epig5es1 ! ,sicyonion1 & ,prat9as1 :o wrote fifty-two plays1 ?irty-two ( :i* are said to be satirical4 ,aft] ,!spis1 came 8 s*ol> ,phrynicus1 :o wrote n9e trag$ies2 = "o ( :i*1 we are told1 he 0 f9$ fifty dra*mas1 because he _h made x 7an odd reason7 too deep1 & too affect+2 !re 0 ano!r1 also nam$ ,phrynicus1 au?or ( two trag$ies3 to ^! mu/ be add$ ,alcaeus1 ,phormus1 & ,*o]itas1 toge!r ) ,cephisodorus1 an ,a!nian1 :o wrote ! ,amazon1 & ,apollophanes1 suppos$ to h be5 ! au?or ( a trag$y nam$ ,daulis1 ?\gh ,suidas is ( ano!r op9ion4 ,trag$y _h1 dur+ ! lives ( ^! writ]s1 probably made b a sl[ progress1 & receiv$ b v little culture & improvem5t2 :5 at l5g? ! great ,aes*ylus arose1 :o1 f ?is rude & undige/$ *aos1 creat$ z x 7 a new _w 9 ! sy/em ( lett]s4 ,poets1 & p]haps epic poets1 !re might h be5 be=e ,hom] 7! latt]1 :o1 9 all probability1 liv$ )9 fifty ye>s ( ! ,fall ( ,troy--#abej ,b4,c474 ,dramatic writ]s !re c]ta9ly 7 be=e ,aes*ylus ! =m] not)/&+1 we may1 ) ! utmo/ propriety1 /yle ! inv5tor & fa!r ( h]oic poetry1 & ! latt] ( ! anci5t drama1 :i*1 be=e 8 "t1 does n appe> to h _h any p>ticul> =m b t ( ,pantomime1 song1 & ! union ( song & dance4 ,aes*ylus fir/ introduc$ dialogue1 t mo/ ess5tial "p ( trag$y1 & by ! addition ( ! second p]sonage1 ?rew ! :ole fable into action1 & re/or$ ! *orus to its anci5t dignity4 ,aes*ylus hav+1 l a t5d] p>5t1 end[$ 8 d>l+ *ild ) e m5tal accompli%m5t1 seem$ resolv$ t no ext]nal ornam5ts %\ld be want+ to r5d] h] univ]sally amiable2 he clo!d h]1 !re=e1 9 ! mo/ spl5did habit1 & be/[$ ^u h] ev]y?+ t ,art c\ld produce1 to height5 & improve h] *>ms4 ,aes*ylus1 :o be+ himself au?or1 actor1 & manag]1 took ^u him ! :ole conduct ( ! drama1 & did n neglect any "p ( x2 he improv$ ! sc5]y & decorations1 br\ght 8 actors into a well con/ruct$ !atre1 rais$ 8 h]oes on ! co?urnus1 or busk91 inv5t$ ! masks1 & introduc$ spl5did habits ) long tra9s1 t gave an air ( maje/y & dignity to ! p]=m]s4 ,f ! "t :5 ,trag$y began to assume a regul> =m1 we f9d h] closely foll[+ ! /eps ( epic poetry2 all ! p>ts ( epope1 or h]oic poem1 may be trac$ 9 trag$y1 ?\gh1 z ,ari/otle obs]ves1 all ! p>ts ( trag$y are n to be f\nd 9 ! epope2 :5ce ! p>tisans ( ! /age ) "s reason conclude1 t p]fection 9 ! =m] is m difficult to be atta9$ ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,)\t ent]+ into a dispute1 we may v5ture1 h[ev]1 to say t f ,hom] ! trag$ians drew ! plan1 con/ruction1 & conduct ( _! fables1 & n unfrequ5tly1 ! fable itself2 to him !y appli$ = propriety ( mann]s1 "*1 s5tim5t1 & diction4 ,f ?is era !n1 we are to consid] ,trag$y z an elegant & noble /ructure1 built accord+ to ! rules ( art1 symmetry1 & proportion2 ^: e "p 0 9 itself fair1 firm1 & compact--& at ! same "t contribut$ to ! beauty1 utility1 & duration ( ! :ole edifice4 ,sophocles & ,euripides c>efully /udi$ ! plan laid d[n by ,aes*ylus1 & by _! sup]ior g5ius & judgm5t1 improv$ x 9 a %ort "t to its highe/ /ate ( p]fection1 f :i* x gradually decl9$ to ! rise ( ! ,roman ,drama4 ,aes*ylus1 ,sophocles1 & ,euripides 7 ! ?ree great tragic poets2 & f ! works ( ^! ?ree illu/ri\s writ]s1 & f !m alone1 we mu/ draw all our k ( ! anci5t ,greek ,trag$y4 ,com$y1 l ,trag$y1 owes its orig9 to ! union ( music1 song1 dance1 & ,pantomime2 ,trag$y to ! di?yrambick1 & ,com$y to ! phallica2 & ea* ( !m 7emulat+ ,pantomime71 began to =m !mselves into dramatic imitations2 ea* /udi$ to adopt a measure suit$ to _! purpose3--,trag$y1 ! m l(ty1 *ose ! tetramet]2 & com$y1 :i* aim$ at famili>ity1 ! iambic4 ,b1 z ! /yle ( trag$y improv$1 ,nature h]self1 says ,ari/otle1 direct$ ! writ]s to ab&on ! cap]+ tetramet]1 & to embrace t measure :i* 0 mo/ accommodat$ to ! purposes ( dialogue2 :5ce ! iambic became ! common measure ( bo? ,trag$y & ,com$y4 ,sophocles br\ght on a ?ird actor1 :i* numb] 0 n exce$$ 9 ! ,greek trag$ies dur+ ! same sc5e4 ,horace alludes to ?is1 nec qu>ta loqui p]sona laboret1 7,let n a f\r? p]son /rive to speak73 b x 0 n obs]v$ 9 com$y4 ,play]s ( second p>ts 7 oblig$ to speak s l[ z n to dr[n ! voice ( ! *ief actor4 ,tyrants 7 always play$ by subalt]ns4 ,! wom5 7 only danc]s 7& ,pantomimi/s74 ,female p>ts 7 p]=m$ by eunu*s4 ,on ! ,grecian /age1 ^? p]=m]s :o devot$ !mselves entirely to ! ,art ( ,mim+ orig9ally came f ,sicily & s\!rn ,italy1 ?\gh ! exact p]iod is difficult to det]m9e ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,! figures ( tragic or comic actors 7 kn[n by ! long & /rait sleeves :i* !y wore4 ,! s]vants 9 com$y1 bel[ ! dress ) /rait sleeves1 _h a %ort cassock ) half-sleeves4 ,t ! *>act]s might be di/+ui%$ 7a difficulty 9 ?is respect aris+ f ! size ( ! !atres7 p>asites c>ri$ a %ort trun*eon2 ! rural deities1 %eph]ds1 & peasants1 ! crook2 h]alds & ambassadors1 ! caduceus2 k+s1 a long1 /raight sceptre2 h]oes1 a club1 etc4 ,! tunic ( tragic actors desc5d$ to ! heels1 & 0 call$ palla4 ,!y g5]ally c>ri$ a long /aff or an erect sceptre4 ,!y :o repres5t$ old m51 lean$ ^u a long & crook$ /aff4 ,! fir/ ,greek !atre at ,a!ns 7says ,fosbroke1 9 8 ,antiquities17 0 a tempor>y /ructure ( bo>ds1 remov$ aft] ! p]=mances 7 clos$4 ,?is fa%ion cont9u$ till ! erection ( ! !atre ( ,bac*us1 at ,a!ns1 :i* s]v$ z a model = ! o!rs4 ,! ,greek !atre 0 no m ?an a concave sweep1 scoop$ out ( ! holl[ side ( a hill1 g5]ally fac+ ! sea4 ,! sweep 0 fill$ ) seats1 ris+ above ea* o!r1 & asc5d$ by /aircases1 plac$ l ! radii ( a circle4 ,?is semi-circul> =m 0 adopt$ n m]ely = conv5i5ce ( vision1 b = an aid to ! s\nd4 ,?is range = spectators 0 call$ ! coilon or holl[4 ,! area bel[ 0 ! coni/ra1 or pit4 ,!re 0 no sup]/ructure = a gall]y1 b ar\nd ! rim ( ! build+ 7 porticos1 by :i* ! spectators ent]$1 & :i!r !y c\ld retire1 if x ra9$4 ,! portico j ab\t ! highe/ corridor1 or lobby1 0 d5om9at$ ! c]cys1 & us$ by ! wom54 ,:]e is n[ ! or*e/ra1 0 a plat=m1 call$ by t "n2 & "h1 among ! ,greeks1 7 /ation$ ! musicians2 *orus & ,mimes2 among ! ,romans1 ! ,emp]or1 ,s5ate1 & o!r p]sons ( quality4 ,sev5 feet above ! or*e/ra1 & elev5 above ! coni/ra1 or pit1 0 ! front /age1 or prosc5ium1 ^u :i* /ood an alt> to ,apollo4 ,"h ! pr9cipal actors p]=m$1 & ! site ( ! alt> 0 devot$ to ! dances 7( ! ,mimes7 & songs ( ! *orus4 ,! "p call$ ! sc5a 0 9 l9e ) ! ornam5tal columns1 ^u ! sides ( ! /age4 ,! anci5t sc5]y at fir/ consi/$ ( m]e b\ghs1 b aft]w>ds ( tape/ry1 n pa9t$ canvas4 ,! ,greek /age consi/$ ( ?ree p>ts1 ! sc5a1 across ! !atre1 ^u ! l9e ( ! curta9 9 our !atres2 ! prosc5ium1 :]e ! actors p]=m$2 & ! po/-sc5ium1 ! "p beh9d ! h\se1 be=e-m5tion$4 ,to =m p>ts ( ! sc5es !re 7 prisms ( framework1 turn+ ^u pivots1 ^u ea* face ( :i* 0 /ra9$ a di/9ct picture1 "o = trag$y1 consi/+ ( l>ge build+s1 ) columns1 /atues1 & o!r correspond+ ornam5ts2 a second face1 ) h\ses1 w9d[s1 & balconies1 = com$y2 a ?ird appli$ to f>ce1 ) cottages1 grottoes1 & rural sc5es4 ,!re 7 ! sc5ae v]satiles ( ,s]vius4 ,besides ^!1 !re 7 sc5ae ductiles1 :i* drew backw>ds & =w>ds1 & op5$ a view ( ! h\se1 :i* 0 built ^u ! /age1 & conta9$ ap>tm5ts = ma*9]y1 or retirem5t = ! actors4 ,z to ! patt]ns ( ! sc5es1 9 com$y1 ! mo/ consid]able build+ 0 9 ! c5tre2 t on ! "r side 0 a little less elevat$1 & t on ! left g5]ally repres5t$ an inn4 ,9 ! satirical pieces !y _h always a cave 9 ! middle1 a wret*$ cab9 on ! "r1 & on ! left an old ru9$ temple1 or "s l&scape4 ,9 ^! repres5tations p]spective 0 obs]v$ = ,vitruvius rem>ks 7,c4 #h7 t ! rules ( x 7 inv5t$ & practis$ f ! "t ( ,aes*ylus1 by a pa9t] nam$ ,ag>>*us1 :o has ev5 left a treatise ^u x4 ,aft] ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ^! decorations ( ! /age 7 neglect$1 till ,p]uzzi1 a ,si5nese1 :o di$ 9 #aecf1 reviv$ !m4 ,!re 7 ?ree entries 9 front1 & two on ! sides2 ! middle entry 7t]m$ ! ,royal door7 0 always t ( ! pr9cipal actor2 ?us1 9 trag$y1 x 0 commonly ! gate ( a palace4 ,^? on ! "r & left 7 de/9$ to ! second-"p play]s1 & ! two o!rs1 on ! sides1 "o to p f ! c\ntry1 ! o!r to ^? f ! h>b\r1 or any public place4 ,pollux in=ms u1 t !re 7 trap-doors = gho/s1 furies1 & ! inf]nal deities4 ,"s "u ! doors1 on "o side1 introduc$ ! rural deities1 & on ! o!r ! m>9e4 ,! asc5ts or desc5ts 7 manag$ by cords1 :eels1 & c\nt]-weights4 ,( ^! ma*9es none 7 m common ?an ^? :i* desc5d$ f heav5 9 ! end ( ! play1 9 :i* ! gods came to extricate ! poet 9 ! d5\em5t4 ,! k9ds 7 *iefly ?ree2 "s convey$ ! p]=m] across ! !atre 9 ! air2 by o!rs1 ! gods desc5d$ on ! /age2 & a ?ird contrivance1 elevat$1 or support$ 9 ! air1 p]sons :o seem$ to fly1 f :i* accid5ts (t5 happ5$4 7,x is f ?is t ! well-kn[n phrase ,deus ex ma*9a has its orig947 ,z ! anci5t !atres 7 l>g] ?an ours1 & unro($1 !re 0 no :eel-"w al(t1 b ! p]=m] 0 elevat$ by a sort ( crane1 ( :i* ! beam 0 above ! /age2 & turn+ ^u itself1 :il/ ! c\nt]-weight made ! actor desc5d or asc5d1 caus$ him to describe curves1 jo9tly compos$ ( ! circul> motion ( ! crane1 & ! v]tical asc5t4 ,! anapesmata 7 cords = ! sudd5 appe>ance ( furies1 :5 fa/5$ to ! l[e/ /eps2 & to ! asc5sion ( riv]s1 :5 atta*$ to ! /age4 ,! c]aunoscopium 0 a k9d ( moveable t[]1 :5ce ,jupit] d>t$ lightn+1 suppos$ to be ! ,greek fire1 z 9 ,ajax ,oielus4 ,! ma*9e = ?und] 7bronton7 0 a braz5 vase1 conceal$ "u ! /age1 9 :i* !y roll$ /ones4 ,fe/us calls x ! ,claudian ?und]1 f ,claudius ,pul*]1 ! inv5tor4 ,! mo/ dreadful ma*9es 71 h[ev]1 ! pegmata 7a g5]al t]m also = all ! ma*9es71 :i* fir/ consi/$ ( scaffolds 9 /ories1 c4 ,^! fir/ exhibit$ crim9als fight+ at ! top1 & !n1 dropp+ to pieces1 precipitat$ !m to ! l[] /ory1 to be torn to pieces by wild bea/s4 ,sometimes !y 7 = vomit+ flames1 c4 ,! !ologium 0 a place m elevat$ ?an ! /age1 :]e ! gods /ood & spoke1 & ! ma*9es :i* held !m re/$4 ,! seats ( ! spectators 7 divid$ into /ories1 ea* conta9+ sev5 r[s ( seats1 ) two passages 7praec9ctiones7 ar\nd !m above & bel[4 ,small /aircases divid$ ! seats into sections1 call$ cunei1 & end$ 9 a gate at ! top1 :i* communicat$ ) passages 7! vomitoriae7 = admission4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,roman ,!atres--,description--,deadheads--,pant omime 9 ,italy--,livius ,&ronicus--,fabulae ,atellanae--,extemporal ,com$y--,orig9 ( ! ,masque1 ,op]a1 & ,vaudeville--,orig9 ( ! t]m ,hi/rionic--,etruscans--,popul>ity ( ,pantomime 9 ,italy--,pantomimi/s bani%$ by ,trajan--,n]o z a ,mime--,pylades & ,ba?yllus--,subjects *os5 = ! ,roman ,pantomimes--,! ,ballet--,! ,mimi & ,pantomimi--,ar*imimus--,vespasian--,h>l equ9--,mr4 ,pun*--,zany1 h[ ! ^w orig9at$--,anci5t ,masks--,lucian1 ,cassiodorus1 & ,demetrius 9 praise ( ,pantomime--,a celebrat$ ,mima--,pantomimes d5\nc$ by e>ly writ]s--,! purity ( ! ,engli% /age contra/$ ) t ( ! ,grecian & ,roman--,female p>ts on ! ,grecian & ,roman /ages--,! pr9cipal ,roman ,mimas--,! orig9 ( ! ,cl[n ( ! e>ly ,engli% ,drama4 ,! ,roman !atres 7cont9ues ,fosbroke7 7 ( a simil> ,d =m4 ,two l(ty ar*$ doorways ent]$ into ! pit4 ,9 front ( ! /age1 :i* 0 v %all[1 0 a pew-l or*e/ra4 ,! prosc5ium 0 v n>r[1 & in/ead ( a drop sc5e 0 ! elisium1 a h\se1 n>r[1 ) a k9d ( b[ w9d[ front 9 ! c5tre1 & a door on ea* side3 = ,pollux says t a h\se ) two /ories =m$ "p ( ! /age1 :5ce old wom5 & p&]s us$ to look d[n & peep ab\t !m4 ,)9 ! h\se 7 ap>tm5ts4 ,ar\nd ! back ( ! /age 0 a porticus4 ,at ,h]culaneum1 on a balu/rade :i* divid$ ! or*e/ra f ! /age1 0 f\nd a r[ ( /atues1 & on ea* side ( ! pulpitum1 an eque/rian figure4 ,bel[ ! !atre 7great & small7 0 a l>ge squ>e con/ruct$1 says ,vitruvius1 = ! reception ( ! audi5ce 9 bad wea!r4 ,x consi/$ ( ,doric columns1 ar\nd an op5 area1 =m+ an ample portico = ?is purpose1 :il/ "u x 7 arrang$ cellae1 or ap>tm5ts1 among/ :i* 7 a soap manufactory1 oil mill1 corn mill1 & prison4 ,an inn] logia 0 connect$ ) a suite ( ap>tm5ts4 ,!re 0 also an ex$ra1 or recess4 ,among ! ,romans1 !atrical approbation 0 signifi$ by an artificial musical k9d ( noise1 made by ! audi5ce to express satisfaction4 ,!re 7 ?ree species ( applause d5om9at$ f ! diff]5t noises made 9 !m1 viz43 ,bombus1 ,imbrius1 & ,te/ae4 ,fir/1 a confus$ d91 made ei!r by ! h&s or m\?4 ,! second & ?ird1 by beat+ on a sort ( s\nd+ vessel plac$ 9 ! !atres = t purpose4 ,p]sons 7 in/ruct$ to give applause ) skill--& !re 7 ev5 ma/]s :o pr(ess$ to tea* ! art4 ,! pr(ici5ts 9 ?is way let !mselves out = hire to ! poets1 actors1 c41 & 7 s dispos$ z to support a l\d applause4 ,^! !y call$ ,laudic5a4 ,at ! end ( ! play1 a l\d peal ( applause 0 expect$1 & ev5 ask$ ( ! audi5ce ei!r by ! *orus or by ! p]son :o spoke la/4 ,! =mula 0 ,spectatore ,claudite1 or ,valete et ,plaudite4 ,! applaud]s 7 divid$ into ,*ori1 & dispos$ 9 !atres opposite to ea* o!r1 l ! *ori/]s 9 ca!drals1 s t !re 0 a k9d ( conc]t ( applause4 ,! free admission tickets 7 small ivory dea?'s heads1 & specim5s ( ^! are to be se5 9 ! ,museum ( ,naples4 ,f ?is cu/om1 x is /at$1 t we d]ive our ^w ,deadhead1 z d5ot+ "o :o has a free entrance to places ( amusem5t4 ,) ! dawn ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,pantomime1 9 ,italy1 is fir/ au!ntically m5tion$4 ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us always display$ great fav\r to ! ,art1 & ev5 by "s writ]s he has be5 cr$it$ ) be+ ! orig9ator ( ,pantomime4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 z we h se51 is impossible1 & to use a famili> & trite say+1 ! ,pantomimic ,art is z old z ! hills !mselves4 ,aga91 ,ba?yllus & ,pylades 7bo? fre$ slaves1 ! =m] born 9 ,cilicia1 & ! latt] came f ,alex&ria71 & ,hylas1 ! pr9cipal expon5ts ( ,pantomime dur+ ! reign ( ,augu/us1 h also be5 cr$it$ ) ! hon\r ( orig9at+ ,pantomime4 ,! e>ly ,roman ent]ta9m5ts only consi/$ ( ! milit>y & sacr$ dances1 & ! sc5es 9 ! circus4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! arts ( ,greece ! au/]ity hi!rto practis$ by ! ,romans1 :i* _h aris51 says ,duray1 ,mu* m f pov]ty ?an conviction1 = ,two or ?ree g5]ations _h suffic$ to *ange a city :i* _h only kn[n meagre fe/ivities & ru/ic delights into ! home ( revelry & pleasure4 ,) ! ,romans1 9 _! ,pantomimic ent]ta9m5ts1 ! :ole gamut ( ! emotions 7 gone ?r\gh4 ,:5 ! ,greek drama 0 br\ght into ,rome by ,livius ,&ronicus1 ! ,fabulae ,atellanae1 or ,laudi ,osci--d]iv$ f ! t[n ( ,atella1 9 ,campania1 betwe5 ,capua & ,naples--0 /ill employ$ to furni% ! ,int]ludes1 & j 9 a simil> way z ! ,satyra ,extemporal ,int]ludes suppli$ ! ,grecian /age4 ,none ( ^! ,atellan ,f>ces h be5 committ$ to u1 b ,cic]o1 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,papyrius ,paetus1 speaks ( !m z ! ,m delicate burlesque ( ! old ,atellan ,f>ces4 ,f !m also1 we d]ive ! ,extemporal ,com$y1 or ,com$ia del' ,arte ( ,italy 7aft]w>ds to be not$71 ) its *>act]s1 ,h>lequ91 ,cl[n1 ,pi]rot1 & ! l1 associat$ ) ,engli% & ,italian ,pantomime1 & ! prog5itor also ( all ^? light =ms ( ent]ta9m5t kn[n z ! ,masque1 ! ,op]a1 & ! ,vaudeville4 ,on ,engli% dramatic lit]ature ! ,italian ,extemporal ,com$ies & _! ,pantomimical *>act]s h also _h a consid]able am\nt ( influ5ce4 ,livy m5tions t actors 7 s5t = 7circa #cfd ,b4,c47 f ,etruria1 :o1 )\t v]ses or any action expressive ( v]ses1 danc$ n ungracefully1 aft] ! ,tuscan mann] to ! flute4 ,9 process ( "t ! ,roman y\? began to imitate ^! danc]s int]mix+ raill]y ) unpoli%$ v]ses1 _! ge/ures correspond+ ) ! s5se ( ! words4 ,?us 7 ^! plays receiv$ at ,rome1 & be+ improv$ & ref9$ by frequ5t p]=mance ! ,roman actors acquir$ ! "n ( ,hi/riones1 f ! ,etruscan ,hi/]1 mean+ a danc] or a /age play]4 7,f ?is we obta9 our words hi/rion & hi/rionic74 ,b _! dialogue did n consi/ ( unprem$itat$ & co>se je/s 9 su* rude v]ses z 7 us$ by ! ,fesc5n9i1 b ( satires1 accompani$ ) music set to ! flute1 recit$ ) suitable ge/ures4 ,aft] satires1 :i* _h af=d$ ! p subject ( co>se mir? & laught]1 71 by ?is regulation1 r$uc$ to =m & act+1 by degrees became an art1 ! ,roman y\? left x to play]s by pr(ession1 & began1 z =m]ly1 to act f>ces at ! end ( _! regul> pieces4 ,^! dramas 7 call$ ,exodia1 & 7 g5]ally wov5 ) ! ,atellanae ,com$ies4 ,^! 7 borr[$ f ! ,osci1 & 7 always act$ by ! ,roman y\?4 ,tacitus speaks ( ,atellanae ,com$ies writt5 9 ! _s & language ( ! ,osci hav+ be5 act$ 9 8 "t4 ,x is ?\ght t ! ,etruscans possess$ hi/ories1 poems1 & dramas1 &1 if ^!1 !n c]ta9ly !y knew ! ,pantomimic ,art1 out ( :i*1 9 all probability1 _! dramatic ent]ta9m5ts grew4 ,to ! ,etruscans ! ,romans owe _! e>ly civilization4 ,! ,etruscan era is suppos$ to h comm5c$ ab\t #ajdd ,b4,c41 & we are told t ! ,etruscans %>$ ) ! ,greeks1 & ! ,pho5icians1 ! m>itime supremacy ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,9 ! sepul*ral *amb]s ( ! ,necropolis ( ,t>qu9ii1 :i* ext5ds = _m miles1 !re are sev]al sc5es pa9t$ 9 ! ar*aic /yle by ! ,etruscans1 repres5t+ ! ,*ase1 ! ,circus1 & ,danc+ ,girls4 ,soon aft] its innovation among ! ,romans1 ,pantomime spread all ov] ,italy & ! prov9ces4 ,s attractive did x become 9 ,rome1 & s popul>1 t ,tib]ius issu$ a decree =bidd+ ! knights & nobles to frequ5t _! h\ses ( ent]ta9m5t1 or to be se5 walk+ 9 ! /reets ) !m4 ,trajan also oppress$ & bani%$ ! ,pantomimi/s4 ,"u ,caligula1 h[ev]1 !y 7 receiv$ ) great fav\r1 & ,aurelius made !m prie/s ( ,apollo4 ,n]o1 :o c>ri$ ev]y?+ to ! extremity ( fooli%ness1 0 n cont5t 9 patronis+ ! ,pantomimes1 b mu/ ne$s assi/1 & appe> himself1 z a ,mimi4 ,"h aga91 9 ,n]o1 ano!r claimant z ! au?or ( ,pantomime has be5 put =w>d4 ,s great 7obs]ves ,ga/on ,vuilli]1 9 8 ',hi/ory ( ,danc+1'7 0 ! admiration = ,pylades & ,ba?yllus t ! !atrical support]s clo!d !mselves 9 diff]5t liv]ies1 & broils 9 ! public /reets 7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! rivalries ( ,pylades & ,ba?yllus1 says ,de ,laulnaye1 occupi$ ! ,romans z mu* z ! grave/ affairs ( /ate4 ,e citiz5 0 a ,ba?yllian or a ,pyladian4 ,augu/us reprov$ ,pylades on "o occasion = 8 qu>rels ) ,ba?yllus4 ,! ,mime retort$1 ,x is well = y t ! p are engross$ by our disputes2 _! att5tion is ?us div]t$ f y\r actions4 ,a bold retort1 b x %[s h[ important ^! ,mimes 74 ,! bani%m5t ( ,pylades br\ght ab\t an insurrection1 & ! ,emp]or _h to recall him4 ,cassius attributes ! disgrace ( ,pylades to ! intrigues ( ,ba?yllus1 ,suetonius to 8 effront]y2 = on "o occasion1 :5 act+ ,h]cules1 annoy$ by ! criticism ( ! spectators1 he tore (f 8 mask1 & %\t$ to !m3 ,fools1 ,i am act+ a madman4 ,!y ?\ght 8 ge/ures too extravagant4 ,ano!r "t he %ot (f arr[s among/ ! spectators4 ,among/ o!r privileges ext5d$ by ! ,emp]or ,augu/us to ! ,mimis 0 be+ exempt f magi/]ial control & immunity f milit>y s]v+4 ,! subjects *os5 = ! ,roman ,pantomimes1 l ^? ( ! ,grecian my/]ies1 f :i* !y d\btless 7 borr[$1 7 ( a ,my?ological description1 & !y 7 ( su* a nature t ! audi5ce c\ld foll[ !m easily1 ev5 if !y 7 n already previ\sly acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,betwe5 ! ,roman ,pantomime1 & ! ,we/]n ballet d'action1 !re is h>dly any diff]5ce4 ,! ,romans always lik$ to see _! /ages well peopl$2 & to help 9 ! action ( _! ,pantomimes1 a *orus accompani$ ) music1 =m$ "p ( ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,! ,mimis & ,mimas1 l ! ballet ( ! pres5t day1 provid$ ! dances 9 addition to _! ,pantomimic ,art ( pos+ & po/ur+4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,disraeli1 9 8 "w1 ,curiosities ( ,lit]ature1 edit$ by ! late ,e>l ( ,beaconsfield1 ?us di/+ui%es betwe5 ! ,mimi & ! ,pantomimi ( ! ,anci5ts4 ,! ,mimi 7 an impud5t race ( buffoons :o excell$ 9 mimicry1 & l our dome/ic fools1 7 admitt$ into convivial p>ties to ent]ta9 ! gue/s4 ,_! p[]s enabl$ !m to p]=m a m extraord9>y (fice2 = !y appe> to h be5 introduc$ into fun]als to mimic ! p]son1 & ev5 ! language ( ! deceas$4 ,suetonius describes an ar*imimus accompany+ ! fun]al ( ,vespasian4 ,?is ar*imimus p]=m$ 8 "p admirably1 n only repres5t+ ! p]son1 b imitat+1 accord+ to cu/om1 ut e/ mos1 ! mann]s & language ( ! liv+ ,emp]or4 ,he contriv$ a happy /roke at ! prevail+ foible ( ,vespasian1 :5 he enquir$ ! co/ ( all ?is fun]al pomp--,t5 million ( se/]ces6 ,on ?is he obs]v$ t if !y w\ld give him b a hundr$ ?\s& !y might ?r[ 8 body into ! ,tib]4 ,! ,pantomimi 7 q ( a diff]5t class4 ,!y 7 tragic actors1 & usually mute2 !y comb9$ ! arts ( ge/ure1 music1 & dances ( ! mo/ impressive "*4 ,_! sil5t language has (t5 drawn te>s by ! pa!tic emotions !y excit$2 ,_! v nod speaks1 _! h&s talk1 & _! f+]s h a voice1 says "o ( _! admir]s4 ,^! ,pantomimi/s seem to h be5 held 9 great hon\r4 ,! tragic & ! comic masks 7 among ! ornam5ts ( ! sepul*ral monum5ts ( an ,ar*mime & a ,pantomimi4 ,montfaucon conjectures t !y =m$ a select frat]nity4 ,! p>ti-col\r$ h]o 7,h>lequ971 ) e "p ( 8 dress1 has be5 drawn out ( ! greate/ w>drobe ( antiquity2 he 0 a ,roman ,mime4 ,h>lequ9 is describ$ ) 8 %av5 head 7rasis capitibus72 8 sooty face 7fulig9e faciem abducti72 8 flat un%od feet1 7planip$es71 & 8 pat*$ coat ( _m col\rs1 7,mimi c5tunculo74 ,ev5 ,pulc9ello1 :om we famili>ly call ,pun*1 may receive1 l o!r p]sonages ( no great importance1 all 8 dignity f antiquity2 "o ( 8 ,roman ance/ors hav+ appe>$ to an antiqu>y's vision>y eye 9 a bronze /atue2 m ?an "o erudite diss]tation au!nticates ! family lik5ess2 ! nose long1 prom95t & hook$2 ! />+ goggle eyes2 ! hump at 8 back1 & at 8 brea/2 9 a ^w1 all ! "* :i* s /rongly m>ks ! ,pun* race1 z di/9ctly z :ole dyna/ies h be5 featur$ by ! ,au/rian lip & ! ,b\rbon nose4 ,! g5ealogy ( ! :ole family is confirm$ by ! g5]al t]m :i* includes !m all3 9 ,engli%1 ,zany2 9 ,italian1 ,zanni2 9 ! ,lat91 ,sannio2 & a passage 9 ,cic]o ,de ,oratore1 pa9ts ,h>lequ9 & 8 bro!r ge/iculators aft] ! life2 ! p]petual trembl+ motion ( _! limbs1 _! ludicr\s & flexible ge/ures1 & all ! mimicry ( _! faces3 ,quid enim pote/ tam ridiculum quam ,sannio esse8 ,qui ore vultu1 imit&is motibus1 voce1 d5ique corpore ridetur ipso4 ,lib ,,ii41 ,sect4 #ea4 7,= :at has m ( ! ludicr\s ?an ,sannio8 ,:o1 ) 8 m\?1 8 face1 imitat+ e motion ) 8 voice1 &1 inde$1 ) all 8 body1 provokes laught]47 ,! ,lat9 ,sannio 0 *ang$ by ! ,italians into 7z ,a9swor? expla9s7 ,zanni1 z1 9 words l ,smyrna & ,sambuco1 !y *ange ! s into z1 :i* gives ,zmyrna & ,zambuco1 & h5ce we d]ive our ^w ,zany4 ,! ^w is1 h[ev]1 orig9ally obta9$ f ! ,greek ,sannos 7obs]ves ,quadrio71 f :5ce ! ,lat9s d]iv$ _! ,sannio4 ,f ! size ( ! anci5t !atres x 0 n possible to notice ! visage ( ! actors1 & ?is 0 "o1 b n ! only reason1 :y masks 7 adopt$4 ,! ,anci5ts did n l a "* to be attempt$1 to :i* a prop] appropriation 0 n annex$1 & ^! masks 7 s contriv$1 t ! pr(ile on "o side exhibit$ *agr91 & on ! o!r s]5ity1 or :atev] o!r passion 0 mo/ requir$4 ,! actor ?us1 accord+ to ! "p he 0 play+1 pres5t$ ! side ( ! mask be/ suit$ to ! passage :i* he 0 recit+4 ,! l>ge m\?s ( ^! masks 7 presum$ to h conta9$ "s bronze in/rum5t suit$ to assi/ ! voice1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! speak+ trumpet2 = ! mask 0 wid]1 & ! recitation 9 trag$y mu* l\d] ?an 9 com$y1 s t ! voice might be he>d all ov] ! !atre4 ,! masks ( ! danc]s 7 ( regul> features4 ,by "s x has be5 cont5d$ t ^! masks cov]$ bo? ! head & ! %\ld]s "u ! suppos$ idea t :5 ! head 0 ?us enl>g$ x w\ld ?r[ ! :ole body into symmetry :5 rais$ ^u /ilts4 ,x has1 also1 be5 argu$ t ! masks = "s ( ! *>act]s 7 made ( gold-beat]s sk91 or "s transp>5t sub/ance j cov]+ ! face s t ! facial muscles c\ld be se5 ?r\gh x1 & ! eyes1 m\?1 & e>s be+ left uncov]$4 ,^! masks1 h[ev]1 del9eat$ v c>efully ! features ( ! "* t 7 to be repres5t$4 ,some?+ n unlike ! huge ,pantomime masks ( a hide\s & frightful %ape t we sometimes see 9 our pres5t day ,pantomimes mu/ h appe>$1 especially ^? t cov]$ ! head & %\ld]s ( ! ,mimis 9 ! days ( ! ,romans4 ,^? t 7 j ( ! size ( ! face 9 all probability 7 fanta/ic & picturesque2 & ! ?ird & rema9+ species ( mask made ( a transp>5t sub/ance c\ld h>dly h be5 v effective4 ,mr4 ,wright tells u1 9 8 book on ! ,*e/] ,my/]y plays 7:i* "w ,i %all aga9 ref] to lat] on71 t masks 7 us$ 9 ! ,my/]y s]ies ( plays act$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,julius ,pollux is /ill m ample 9 8 acc\nt ( !atrical masks us$ 9 ,trag$y1 ,satyr1 & ,com$y4 ,niobe weep+1 ,m$ea furi\s1 ,ajax a/oni%$1 & ,h]cules enrag$4 ,9 ,com$y1 ! slave1 ! p>asite1 ! cl[n1 ! capta91 ! old woman1 ! h>lot1 ! au/]e old man1 ! debau*$ "y man1 ! prodigal1 ! prud5t "y woman1 ! matron1 & ! fa!r ( a family1 7 all con/antly *>act]is$ by p>ticul> masks4 ,lucian & ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,augu/an era1 h h&$ d[n to u suffici5t in=mation to %[ h[ ,pantomime 9 ,rome 0 s highly ?\ght (4 ,cassiodor\s1 speak+ ( !m1 says3--,m5 ^: eloqu5t h&s _h a tongue1 z x 71 on ! tip ( ea* f+]--m5 :o spoke :ile !y 7 sil5t1 & knew h[ to make a recital )\t op5+ _! m\?s--m51 9 %ort1 :om ,polyhymnia _h =m$ 9 ord] to %[ t !re 0 no necessity = articulation 9 ord] to convey our ?\ghts4 ,demetrius1 a cynic philosoph]1 laugh$ at ! ,romans = p]mitt+ s /range an ent]ta9m5t2 b hav+ be51 ) mu* difficulty1 prevail$ ^u to be pres5t at ! repres5tation ( "o ( !m1 he 0 conf\nd$ ) wond]4 ,! /ory repres5t$ 0 t ( ,m>s & ,v5us1 ! :ole p]=m$ by a s+le actor1 :o describ$ ! fable 9 dumb %[4 ,at l5g? ! philosoph]1 wr\ght up to ! highe/ pit* ( admiration1 exclaim$1 ,t ! actor _h no occasion = a tongue1 he spoke s well ) 8 h&s4 ,( "o ,pontus1 :o _h come on a visit to ,n]o1 we are told t he 0 pres5t at a p]=mance1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* a fav\rite ,mime gave a repres5tation ( ! ,lab\rs ( ,h]cules4 ,! ,mime's ge/ures 7 s precise t he c\ld foll[ ! action )\t ! slighte/ hesitation4 ,be+ /ruck by ! p]=mance1 on tak+ leave he begg$ ,n]o to give him ! actor1 expla9+ t !re 0 a b>b>\s tribe adjo9+ 8 dom9ions1 ^: language no "o c\ld le>n1 & t ,pantomime c\ld express 8 int5tions to !m s fai?fully by ge/ures t !y w\ld at once und]/&4 ,! dress ( ! p]=m]s ( ,pantomime 0 made to reveal1 & n to conceal1 _! figures4 ,aft] ! second c5tury wom5 began to act 9 _! repres5tations1 & ev5 d[n to ! six? c5tury we f9d !m associat+ !mselves ) ,pantomime1 & m5tion is made ( a celebrat$ ,mima1 :o 0 ultimately rais$ to ! imp]ial ?rone4 ,?r\gh ! lewdness ( ! ,mimis & mimas 9 ,pantomime1 _! dress1 or r lack ( dress1 ,pantomimes 7 d5\nc$1 n only by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 b also by "s ( ! ,pagan writ]s1 l ,juv5al1 z be+ v prejudicial to morality4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 always be5 a fav\rite topic ( ! ,prynne's1 ! ,j]emy ,colli]'s & ! ,dr4 ,/yle's1 & su* l oppon5ts ( ! !atre1 to contra/ ! ,engli% /age ) ! purity ( ! ,grecian & ,roman ,!atres4 ,n[1 )\t /opp+ to enquire :e!r ?is has any p>ticul> connection ) ! subject ( _! diss]tations1 or :e!r x is n 9 fact q irrelevant to ! "q1 x is impossible n to rem>k ! crass ignorance :i* ^! ass]tions display ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! !atres ( ei!r ! ,greeks or ! ,romans4 ,)\t we>y+ ! read] by ent]+ into a long discussion ^u ! subject1 x w be suffici5t to recall c]ta9 passages 9 ,ari/ophanes1 ,x5ophon1 ,plautus1 & ,t]5ce to induce !m to hesitate 9 ass5t+ to su* vague ass]tions ( ! purity ( ei!r ! ,grecian or ,roman dramatic writ]s4 ,william ,prynne1 ! ,engli% ,puritan writ]1 9 8 viol5t attack on ! /age 9 ! ,hi/rio-,ma/ix or ,play]s ,sc\rge--:i* book1 by ! way1 = "s unfav\rable comm5ts !re9 on ! ,que5 ( ,*>les ,i41 & ! ladies ( h] ,c\rt1 = att5d+ !atrical repres5tations1 0 deb>r$ 8 rooms 7he 0 a b>ri/]71 by ! ,c\rt ( ,/> ,*amb]1 s5t5c$ to be imprison$ = life1 f9$ #e1jjj1 committ$ to ! ,t[]1 plac$ 9 ! pillory1 bo? e>s cut (f1 & 8 book burnt by ! common hangman2 yet aft] und]go+ all ^! pa9s & p5alties1 he publi%$ a recantation ( all t he _h previ\sly writt5 9 8 ,hi/rio-,ma/ix--says ,x seems t ! ,grecian actors did n[ & !n to refre% ! spectators1 br+ a k9d ( ci/]ne on ! /age1 :]e9 nak$ wom5 did swim & ba! !mselves betwe5 ! acts & sc5es2 :i* wick$1 impud5t1 & execrable practice ! holy fa!r ,*ryso/om do? %>pely & excell5tly declaime aga9/4 ,x5ophon m5tions ! tale ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 ,pantomimically play$1 & ,m>tial tells u he saw ! :ole /ory ( ,pasiphae1 m9utely repres5t$ on ! /age ( ! ,mimis1 & ,plautus1 9 8 epilogue to ,cas9a1 has-- ,nunc vos aequim e/1 manibus m]itis1 ,m]itam m]c$em d>e4 ,qui faxit1 clam uxorem1 ducat scortum ,semp] quod volet4 ,v]um qui non manibus cl>e1 quantum ,pot5t1 plaus]it1 ,ei1 pro scorto1 supponetur hircus unctus nantea4 ,on ! ,roman /age female p>ts 7 repres5t$ 9 trag$y by m51 is asc]ta9$ 7says ,malone7 by "o ( ,cic]o's lett]s to ,atticus1 & by a passage 9 ,horace4 ,horace m5tions1 h[ev]1 a female p]=m] call$ ,arbuscula1 b z we f9d f 8 own au?ority m5 p]sonat$ wom5 on ! ,roman /age1 %e 0 probably an ,emboli>iae4 ,s]vius calls h] a ,mima1 or "o :o danc$ 9 ! ,pantomimic dances1 & :i* seems m probable1 z %e is m5tion$ by ,cic]o1 :o says ! "p ( ,&roma*e 0 play$ by a male p]=m] on ! v day ,arbuscula also p]=m$4 ,! pr9cipal ,roman ,mimas 73--,arbuscula1 ,?ymele1 ,licilia1 ,dionysia1 ,cy!ris1 ,val]ia1 & ,cloppia4 ,9 ! satirical int]ludes ( ! ,grecian /age1 & ! ,fabulae ,atellanae ( ! ,roman !atres1 ! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! ,mimes1 7 ! remote prog5itors 7says ,malone7 ( ! ,vice or ,devil1 & ! ,cl[n ( our ,engli% ,my/]y plays1 ! latt] s]ies ( plays be+ ! orig9 ( ! drama ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! exact con=mity betwe5 our ,cl[n & ! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! ,roman /age is asc]ta9$ by t passage 9 ,pl9y--,lucceia ,mima c5tum annis 9 sc5a pronuntiavit4 ,gal]ia1 ,copiola1 ,emboli>iae1 r$ucta e/ 9 sc5am3 annum c]tissimum qu>tum ag5s1 is ?us translat$ by an ,engli% au?or1 ,philemon ,holl&1 ,lucceia1 a common ,vice 9 a play1 foll[$ ! /age1 & act$ !reupon #ajj ye]es4 ,su* ano!r ,vice t plai$ ! foole1 & made sporte betwe5 :iles 9 int]ludes1 nam$ ,gal]ia ,copiola1 0 br\ght to act ^u ! /age :5 %e 0 9 ! #ajd? ye]e ( h] age4 ,we %all1 9 ano!r *apt]1 return to ! ,vice1 or ,cl[n4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,introduction ( ! ,roman ,pantomimic ,art into ,brita9--,fir/ ,engli% ref]5ce to ! ^w ,pantomime--,! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire--,! sacr$ play--,corni% ,amphi!atres--,pantomimical & ,lyrical elem5ts 9 ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass--,*ri/ian bani%m5t ( ! ,mimis--,p5alties impos$ by ! ,*ur*--,/4 ,an?ony on ,h>lequ9 & ,pun*--,v&5h(f--:at we owe to ! ,mimis4 ,) ! adv5t ( ,julius ,caes> & ! conque/ ( ,brita9 by ! ,romans1 ab\t ! ye> #eb ,b4,c41 we h1 9 all probability1 ! fir/ introduction ( ! ,roman ,pantomimic ,art into ?is c\ntry4 ,inasmu* z we h x ^u ! au?ority ( hi/ory t ,caes> travell$ ) 8 ,mimes1 & x is1 !re=e1 n improbable t !y came into ,brita9 ) him4 ,engl&1 !n1 dur+ ! occupancy ( ! ,romans1 mu/ h kn[n ! ,dramatic ,art1 or else 7z ,dibd9 obs]ves7 ,pacuvius1 ,accius1 & ,livius ,&ronicus 7 ignorant ( x4 ,m>tial tells u t x did1 & s does ,boadicea1 s t we h n only ,roman au?orities = x1 b also ,briti%4 ,! ^w ,pantomime c\ld n1 ,i may say "h1 h be5 ,anglicis$ e>li] ?an sometime dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,dr4 ,johnson's e>lie/ example is f ,hudibras-- ,n t ,i ?9k ^? ,pantomimes1 ,:o v>y action ) ! times1 ,are less +5i\s 9 _! art ,?an ^? :o duly act "o "p4 ,bacon & ,b5 ,jonson use ! ,lat9 ,pantomimi--,"h be c]ta9 ,pantomimi t w repres5t ! voices ( play]s4 ,aga9 9 ! ,masque ( ,love's ,triumph1 etc41 #afcj1 ,aft] ! mann] ( ! old ,pantomimi !y dance ov] a di/ract$ ,com$y ( ,love4 ,! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire & ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe s\nd$ ! dea? knell ( ,paganism & its attributes1 ( :i* ,pantomime 0 deem$ to be "o1 ow+ to ! bad od\r 9 :i* ?is =m ( ent]ta9m5t _h got to dur+ ! la/ days ( ! ,empire4 ,not)/&+ ?is ! *ur* 0 only too glad to avail itself ( ,pantomime z a vehicle to portray be=e ! _w at l>ge1 & 9 ord] to turn att5tion to ! great moral tru?s to be d$uc$ f ! dea? ( ,him on ,calv>y ,hill4 ,^! exhibitions ( religi\s subjects1 9 ! =m ( tableaux vivants1 took place 9 ! *ur*es1 &1 hav+ reg>d to ! sacr$ edifices 9 :i* !y 7 giv51 !y 71 especially 9 ! beg9n+1 ,i conjecture1 p]=m$ 9 dumb %[1 )\t any dialogue4 ,aft]w>ds dialogue 0 introduc$1 & !y began to be1 n only held 9 ! *ur*es1 b also 9 ! *ur*-y>ds1 ! /reets1 & 9 boo?s4 ,x is true ! sacr$ play 0 n a new in/itution1 z "o is said to be m5tion$ ab\t ! "t ( ! ,fall ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 ,cornwall1 plays 7 giv5 9 ! anci5t times 9 ! op5 air1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,roman ,amphi!atre1 ) ! dialogue 9 ! ,cymric tongue4 ,pantomimical p]=mances might also h be5 giv5 9 ^? op5-air !atres by ! ,romans4 ,p]haps no bett] example ( ! e>ly ,sacr$ ,drama ,i c give1 & :i* is /ill ) u1 & p]=m$ daily1 is ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass 9 all ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*es ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! _w4 ,9 ! ,mass we h a dramatic action pantomimically pres5t$1 9 "p aid$ by lyrical & epical elem5ts4 ,i w n1 h[ev]1 pursue ?is portion ( my subject fur!r1 save ?an to add t at ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*es' fe/ivals1 especially dur+ ,holy ,week or ,passion ,week1 :at ,i h m5tion$ ( ! ,mass becomes at ^! times m>k$ 9 ev5 a great] degree4 ,) ! decl9e & fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ! ,mimis became w&]]s on ! face ( ! e>?1 only appe>+ at fe/ivals & ! l1 :5 !y 7 want$1 & return+ to _! haunts z my/]i\sly z !y came4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ,a4,d4 !y 7 exclud$ f ! b5efit ( ! rites ( ! ,*ur*1 & ev5 ^? :o visit$ _! ent]ta9m5ts1 in/ead ( *ur*es1 on ! ,sundays & holidays1 7 excommunicat$4 ,! ,!odosian cre$ provid$ t ! actors 7 n to h ! sacram5ts adm9i/]$ to !m save :5 dea? 0 imm95t1 & !n only t1 9 case ( recov]y1 _! call+ %\ld be r5\nc$4 ,9 ! second c5tury "o ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* wrote a special treatise aga9/ plays 7,t]tulian ,de ,spectaculis71 9 :i* he asks ^? :o w n r5\nce !m ,:e!r ! ,god ( tru?1 :o hates all falsehood1 c be will+ to receive into ,8 k+dom ^? ^: features & hair1 ^: age & sex1 ^: sighs & laught]1 love & ang]1 are all feign$4 ,he promises !m a trag$y ( _! own :51 9 ! day ( ,judgm5t1 !y %all be consign$ to ev]la/+ suff]+4 ,h[ev]1 ! *ur* 0 n always aga9/ ! /age1 ev5 9 ^? e>ly times1 z ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as says t ,! (fice ( ! play] z be+ s]viceable = ! enliv5m5t ( m51 & z n be+ blamewor?y if ! play] leads an upright life4 ,bo? ,sa9ts ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,an?ony support$ ! /age1 ! latt] only /ipulat+ t ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 %\ld n be repres5t$ by a cl]gyman1 nor t ,pun* %\ld be exhibit$ 9 *ur*4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ?+s t1 despite ! bitt]ness1 ho/ility1 & deadly enmity t has be5 levell$ at ! /age1 & its play]s t]m$ ,rogues & ,vagabonds f "t immemorial1 h[ x has liv$ ?r\gh x all4 ,9 connection ) ?is h[ ! l9es ( t great actor1 ,v&5h(f1 occurs to me1 a few ( :i*1 ) ! read]'s p]mission1 ,i subjo94 ,! drama's n[ a great e/abli%$ fact1 ,t c't be bl9k'd1 ignor$ h['er attack'd ,by va9 abuse or angry prejudice2 ,! "t's gone by :5 play+ 0 a vice2 ,:5 bigots m>k'd ! actor ) a ban1 7,?o' sa9tly cr[ds to he> 8 acc5ts ran71 ,d5i$ him sacr$ rite & hall[$ grave-- ,fil*+ f ,god ! s\l he made to save-- ,&1 = ! pleasure :i* 8 life _h giv'n ,on e>?1 refus$ him dead1 a place 9 heav'n4 ,no6 wis] days br+ g5tl] feel+s 91 ,& ',nature's t\*es makes ! :ole _w k9'4 ,by degrees ! ,mimis1 or mumm]s1 ) _! fell[s1 spread !mselves all ov] ,europe4 ,! humbl] ( ! craft1 9 fact x might be said ( !m all1 z ,o!llo's occupation _h 7= !m7 long s9ce be5 gone1 /roll$ f ca/le to ca/le1 f village to t[n1 & e>n+ _! livelihood z be/ !y c\ld4 ,to ^! w&]+ ,bohemians we owe su* traditions ( ! drama t surviv$ ) !m into succe$+ ages2 & to !m also we are indebt$ = keep+ alive by inculcat+ unto o!rs ! ,art ( ,pantomimus1 :5 9 ! heyday ( its popul>ity 9 ! ,roman ,empire4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,pantomime 9 ! ,engli% ,my/]y or ,miracle ,plays & ,pageants--,a retrospect ( ! ,e>ly ,drama--,my/]ies on ,biblical ev5ts--,*e/]1 ,cov5try1 ,york1 & ,t[neley ,my/]y ,plays--,plays 9 ,*ur*es--,traces ( ! ,my/]y ,play 9 ,engl& 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury--,my/]y ,plays on ! ,cont95t--,! ,*e/] s]ies ( ,plays--,! ,devil or ,cl[n & ! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! ,anci5t ,mimes4 ,x is presum$ t1 n only 7 ! e>ly sacr$ plays act$ 9 dumb-%[1 b t ! ,miracle or ,my/]ies ( ,religion s]ies ( plays--:i* grew out ( ! sacr$ play--also ! ,pageants 9 ! beg9n+1 & = long aft]w>ds 7 act$ 9 ?is wise4 ,p]cy1 9 8 ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,engli% ,poetry1 also takes ?is view4 ,he says3--,!y 7 7! ,my/]ies7 probably a k9d ( dumb %[1 int]m+l$1 x may be1 ) a few %ort spee*es1 at l5g? !y grew into regul> sc5es ( connect$ dialogues1 =mally divid$ into acts & sc5es4 ,colley ,cibb] has3 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ! actors ( ! ,my/]ies ( ,religion 7 mumm]s1 a ^w signify+ "o :o makes & disguises himself to play ! fool )\t speak+4 ,!y 7 dress$ 9 an antic mann]1 danc+1 mimick+1 & %[+ po/ures4 ,mr4 ,wright also obs]ves 79 8 "w on ! ,my/]y ,plays ( ,*e/]1 publi%$ by ! ,%akespe>ean ,society7 t ! *ief effect seems to h be5 caus$ by ! dumb %[4 ,be=e deal+ ) ! ,my/]ies1 & z p]haps a k9d ( retrospect1 let u h a look :at ,:>ton has to say ( ! e>ly drama4 ,trade1 he says 79 ! e>ly c5turies7 0 c>ri$ on by means ( fairs1 :i* la/$ sev]al days4 ,*>lemagne e/abli%$ _m great m>ts ( ?is sort 9 ,france1 z did ,william ! ,conqu]or & 8 ,norman successors 9 ,engl&4 ,! m]*ants1 :o frequ5t$ ^! fairs 9 num]\s c>avans & companies1 employ$ e art to draw ! p toge!r4 ,!y 71 !re=e1 accompani$ by juggl]s1 m9/rels1 & buffoons 7i4e41 ,pantomimi/s71 :o 7 no less int]e/$ 9 giv+ _! att5dance & ex]cis+ _! skill on ^! occasions4 ,few l>ge t[ns exi/$1 no public spectacles or popul> amusem5ts 7 e/abli%$2 & z ! s$5t>y pleasures ( dome/ic life & private society 7 yet unkn[n1 ! fair "t 0 ! season = div]sion4 ,9 proportion z ! %[s 7 att5d$ & enc\rag$1 !y began to be set (f ) new decorations & improvem5ts2 & ! arts ( buffoon]y be+ r5d]$ /ill m attractive by ext5d+ _! circle ( exhibition1 acquir$ an importance 9 ! eyes ( ! p4 ,by degrees ! ,cl]gy1 obs]v+ t ! ent]ta9m5ts ( danc+1 music1 & mimicry exhibit$ at ^! annual celebrations made ! p less religi\s by promot+ idl5ess & a love ( fe/ivity1 proscrib$ ^! sports & excommunicat$ ! p]=m]s4 ,my/]y plays 7 aft]w>ds divid$ into ?ree classes1 ?\gh ! g5]ic t]m ,my/]ies1 mean+ all ?ree1 is g5]ally us$4 ,9 ! ,my/]ies1 ,biblical ev5ts 7 pr9cipally us$2 ,miracle plays 7 obta9$ f ! leg5ds ( ! sa9ts2 & ! la/1 ,moralities1 allegorical /ories ( a moral "* n ess5tially tak5 f ! ,bible1 or f ! leg5ds ( ! sa9ts1 compris$ ! ?ird head+4 ,! ,my/]ies 7 = sev]al c5turies kn[n on ! ,cont95t be=e !y 7 p]=m$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! e>lie/ ,my/]y play kn[n to h be5 act$ 9 ,engl& 0 at ,dun/able ab\t ! ye> #aaaj4 ,x 0 probably 9 ,lat91 & compos$ by a ,norman monk4 ,x is a peculi>ity ( ! ,engli% ,my/]y plays t !y 7 comb9$ into a s]ies ( plays on ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t2 & 9 :i* ! :ole c\rse ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 f ! ,creation to ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 is set be=e ! spectator4 ,f\r not$ gr\ps ( plays 7 ! ,*e/]1 ! ,t[neley1 ,cov5try1 & ,york ,my/]y plays4 ,! ,*e/] plays began on ,:it ,monday1 &1 cont9u$ till ! foll[+ ,w$nesday4 ,p]mission to p]=m !m1 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! in/itution1 _h twice to be ask$ ( ! ,pope4 ,!y consi/$ ( #bd plays1 & 7 almo/ annually p]=m$ till #aegg4 ,be=e ! suppression ( ! mona/]ies ! ,grey ,fri>s at ,cov5try 7 celebrat$ = _! exhibitions ( ! ,my/]y plays usually on ,corpus ,*ri/i4 ,! ,t[neley1 or ,woodkirk gr\p ( plays 7 act$ at ,woodkirk1 ab\t f\r miles f ,wakefield1 & !y are ( a /yle t may be lik5$ to ! times ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 or ,edw>d ,,iv4 ,until ! ,my/]y play fell into disuse1 ! trad+ companies & guilds seem pr9cipally to h ma9ta9$ !m4 ,! mixture ( secul> ) ecclesia/ical play]s help$ to *ange ! *>act]s ( ! ,engli% plays & to provoke c5sure1 :i* began to be levell$ at !m f ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! practise ( p]=m+ plays 9 sacr$ edifices 9 ,engl&1 _h n ceas$ 9 #aedb1 :5 ,bi%op ,bonn] prohibit$ !m 9 8 diocese4 ,h[ev]1 s late z #aegb1 x appe>s t ,int]ludes 7 occasionally p]=m$ 9 ,*ur*es4 ,colli] speaks ( a k9d ( ,my/]y1 or ,miracle play1 exhibit$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ) ! *>act]s ( ,h]od1 ,beelzebub1 & o!rs4 ,9 #ahch ,s&y m5tions ( hav+ se5 ! play ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 pres5t$ 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,we/]n p>ts ( ! ,k+dom1 or r ,que5dom1 z ,victoria _h j asc5d$ ! ?rone4 ,i myself rememb] q well1 )9 a c\ple ( decades ago1 :at 0 probably at ! "t a remnant ( ! old ,my/]y play pres5t$ 9 a rural "p ( ,lanca%ire by m5 9 a fanta/ic g>b1 & t]m$ by ! c\ntry folk1 ,pa/e-egg]s4 ,!y g5]ally appe>$ ab\t ,good ,friday & on to ,ea/]2 & _! p]=mance consi/$ ( a mixture ( music 7871 songs1 & sometimes n ov] *oice language4 ,?is cu/om does n n[ exi/ :]e ,i write (1 b x may d--?\gh ,i v mu* d\bt--9 "s rural p>ts4 ,on ! ,cont95t1 z at ,ob]amm]gau1 ,my/]y plays are /ill enact$4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,*e/] ,my/]ies may be ( int]e/1 & appe>s 7says ,w>ton7 9 ! ,h>leian ,catalogue4 ,m4,s4 ,h>l4 #bjac1 etc4 ,exhibit$ at ,*e/] 9 ! ye> #acbg at ! exp5se ( ! diff]5t trad+ companies ( t city4 ,! ,fall ( ,lucif]1 by ! tann]s2 ,! ,creation1 by ! drap]s2 ,! ,deluge1 by ! dy]s2 ,abraham1 ,mel*iz$eck & ,lot1 by ! b>b]s2 ,moses1 ,balak & ,balaam1 by ! capp]s2 ,! ,salutation & ! ,nativity1 by ! wrights 7c>p5t]s72 ,! ,%eph]ds fe$+ ! ,flocks by ,night1 by ! pa9t]s & glazi]s2 ,! ,?ree ,k+s1 by ! v9tn]s2 ,! oblation ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 by ! m]c]s2 ,! ,kill+ ( ! ,holy ,innoc5ts1 by ! goldsmi?s2 ,! ,purification1 by ! blacksmi?s2 ,! ,temptations1 by ! but*]s2 ,! ,bl9dm5 & ,laz>us1 by ! glov]s2 ,jesus & ! ,lep]s1 by ! c[es>ys2 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 by ! b[y]s1 flet*]s & ironmong]s2 ,desc5t into ,hell1 by ! cooks & inn-keep]s2 ,resurrection1 by ! sk9n]s2 ,asc5sion1 by ! taylors2 ,! ,election ( ,/4 ,mat?ias1 ,s5d+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 etc41 by ! fi%mong]s2 ,anti-*ri/1 by ! clo?i]s2 & ,! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 by ! web/]s 7weav]s74 ,! read] w p]haps smile at "s ( ^! comb9ations4 ,?is is ! sub/ance & ord] ( ! =m] "p ( ! play4 ,god ent]s1 creat+ ! _w1 he brea!s life into ,adam1 leads him into ,p>adise1 & op5s 8 side :ile sleep+4 ,adam & ,eve appe> nak$1 & n a%am$2 & ! old ,s]p5t ent]s1 lam5t+ 8 fall4 ,he conv]ses ) ,eve4 ,%e eats "p ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 & gives "p to ,adam4 ,!y propose1 accord+ to ! /age directions1 to make !mselves1 subligacula a folis quibus tegamus pud5da1 cov] _! nak$ness ) leaves & conv]se ) ,god4 ,god's curse4 ,! ,s]p5t exits1 hiss+4 ,!y are driv5 f ,p>adise by f\r angels1 & ! ,*]ubim ) a flam+ sword4 ,adam appe>s digg+ ! gr\nd1 & ,eve sp9n+4 ,_! *ildr51 ,ca9 & ,abel1 ent]1 ! =m] kills 8 bro!r4 ,adam's lam5tation4 ,ca9 is bani%$1 etc41 etc4 ,adam & ,eve1 9 ! altoge!r1 s to speak1 7 act$ l ?is z late z ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 a play call$ ,! ,travails ( ! ,?ree ,engli% ,bro!rs1 act$ 9 #afjg1 !re occurs ?is3-- ,_m idle toyes1 b ! old play t ,adam & ,eve act$ 9 b>e action "u ! figge tree draws mo/ ( ! g5tlem54 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,proclamation ( ! ,my/]y plays1 act$ 9 ,ye ,citye on ye ,dee1 may prove ( int]e/1 & ! copy ( :i* ,i subjo9 is tak5 f ! ,h>leian ,m4,s4 ,no4 #bjac4 ,! proclamation = ,:itsone playes made by ,wm4 ,newell1 ,cl>ke ( ! ,p5dice1 #bd ,h54 #h4 ,wm4 ,snead #bnd y]e ,maior4 ,= z mu* z auld tyme1 n only = ! augm5tation & increese ( ! holy & ca?olick fai? ( our ,savi\r ,jesu ,*ri/1 & to exort ! m9des ( comon p to good devotion & holsome doctr9e !re(1 b also = ! comonwel? & prosp]ity ( ?is citty1 a play & decl>ation ( div]s /oryes ( ,bible beg9n+ ) ! ,creation & fall ( ,lucif]1 & end+ ) ! g5]all ,judgm5t ( ! _w1 to be decl>$ & play$ 9 ,:itsonne weeke1 0 devis$ & made by "o ,sir ,h5ry ,frances1 sometyme moonck ( ?is mona/rey disolv$1 :o obtayn+ & gat ( ,clemant1 !n ,bu%op ( ,rome1 a #ajjj dayes ( p>don1 & ( ! ,bu%op ( ,*e/] at t tyme #dj dayes ( p>don1 graunt$ f !ns=? to e p]son resort+1 9 peaceable mann] ) good devotion1 to he>e & see ! sayd playes1 f "t to "t z (t z !y %all be play$ )9 ! said citty 7& t e p]son or p]sons di/urb+ ! sayd playes 9 ! man] wise to be acus$ by ! au?ority ( ! sayd pope ,clemant's bulls1 untill su* tyme z he or !y be absolv$ !re(7 :i* playes 7 devis$ to ! honor ( ,god by ,john ,arnway1 !n maior ( ?is citty ( ,*e/]1 8 bre?r5 & :ole com9alty !re(1 to be br\ght =?1 decl>$1 & play$1 at ! co/ & *>ges ( ! craftesman & occupations ( ! sayd citty1 :i* hi!rto h f tyme to tyme us$ & p]=m$ ! same accord+ly4 ,:]e=e ,mr4 maior1 9 ! ,k+'s "n1 /ratly *>ge? & comm&e? t e p]son & p]sons ( :at e/ate1 degree1 or condition s ev] he or !y be resort+ to ! sayd playes1 d use !mselves peaciblie1 )\t mak+ any assault1 affray1 or o!r di/urbance1 :]eby ! same playes %all be di/urb$1 & t no mann] ( p]son or p]sons1 :i*e s ev] he or !y be1 d use or we> any unlawfull weapons )9 ! prec9ct ( ! sayd citty dur+ ! tyme ( ! sayd playes 7n only ^u payn ( curs+ by au?ority ( ! sayd ,pope ,clemant's bulls b also7 ^u payn ( imprisonm5t ( _! bodyes1 & mak+ f9e to ! ,k+ at ,mr4 maior's pleasure4 ,ar*deacon ,rog]s1 :o di$ 9 #aeie1 & saw ! ,:itsuntide plays p]=m$ at ,*e/] 9 ! prec$+ ye>1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! mode ( exhibition3-- ,! "t ( ! ye>e !y 7 play$ 0 on ,monday1 ,tuesday1 & ,w5s$ay 9 ,:itson weake4 ,! man] ( ^! playes we>e e company _h 8 pagiant1 or p>te1 :i* pagiants we>e a high scafolde ) #b r[mes1 a high] & a l[]1 ^u #d :eeles4 ,9 ! l[] !y app>ell$ !mselves1 & 9 ! high] r[me !y play$1 be+ all op5 on ! tope1 t all beh\ld]s might he>e & see !m4 ,! places :]e !y play$ !m 0 9 e /reete4 ,!y begane fir/ at ! abay gates1 & :5 ! fir/ pagiante 0 play$1 x 0 :eel$ to ! high crosse be=e ! mayor1 & soe to e /reete2 & soe e /reete _h a pagiant play+e be=e !m at "o "t1 till all ! pagiantes = ! daye appoynt$ we>e play$1 & :5 "o pagiant 0 ne]e end$1 ^w 0 br\ghte f /reete to /reete t soe !y mighte come 9 place !re( exce$+e ord]lye1 & all ! /reetes h _! pagiantes a=e !m all at "o "t playe+e togea!r2 to se :i* playes 0 greate resorte1 & also scafoldes & /ages made 9 ! /reetes 9 ^? places :]e !y det]m9$ to playe _! pagiantes4 ,/rutt has ! foll[+ description ( ! ,my/]y plays3--,9 ! e>ly dawn ( lit]ature1 & :5 ! sacr$ ,my/]ies 7 ! only !atrical p]=mances1 :at is n[ call$ ! /age did !n consi/ ( ?ree sev]al plat=ms or /ages1 rais$ "o above ano!r2 on ! upp]mo/ sat ! ,pat] ,caele/is1 surr\nd$ ) 8 angels2 on ! second appe>$ ! holy sa9ts & glorifi$ m52 & ! la/ & l[e/ 7 occupi$ by m]e m5 :o _h n pass$ ?r\gh ?is life to ! regions ( et]nity4 ,on "o side ( ?is l[e/ plat=m 0 ! resemblance ( a d>k pit*y cav]n1 f :5ce issu$ appe>ance ( fire & flames2 & :5 x 0 necess>y ! audi5ce 7 treat$ ) hide\s yell+s & noises1 z imitations ( ! h[l+s & cries ( ! wret*$ s\ls torm5t$ by ! rel5tless demons4 ,f ?is yawn+ cave ! devils !mselves con/antly asc5d$1 to delight & in/ruct ! spectators2 to delight because !y 7 usually ! greate/ je/]s & buffoons t !n appe>$2 & to in/ruct = t !y treat$ ! wret*$ mortals :o 7 deliv]$ to !m ) ! utmo/ cruelty1 w>n+ !reby all m5 c>efully to avoid ! fall+ into ! clut*es ( su* h>d5$ & rel5tless spirits4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,hell 0 imitat$ by a :ale's op5 jaws1 beh9d :i* a fire 0 light$1 9 su* a way1 h[ev]1 s z n to injure ! damn$1 :o _h to pass into its gap+ m\?4 ,! p]=m] :o imp]sonat$ ,god _h n only 8 face b also ! hair ( 8 wig gild$4 ,*ri/ 0 dress$ 9 a long %eep's sk94 ,! ,devil1 or ,vice 7! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! anci5t ,mimis71 0 easily recognisable by 8 horns & 8 tail1 :il/ 8 be>d 0 ( a bright r$ col\r1 to indicate ! flames ( ! region 9 :i* he dwelt4 ,judas also wore a wig ( a fi]y hue1 &1 aft] be+ hung1 _h sometimes to d ! cock cr[+1 z "s old acc\nts ( ! ,york ,my/]ies %[4 ,x appe>s to h be5 cu/om>y = ! ,devil to appe> be=e ! audi5ce ) a cry ( ,ho6 ho6 ho6 some:at simil> to ! ejaculations ( ! ,pantomime ,cl[n 9 aft] ye>s4 7,see ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 ,act ,,ii41 ,sc4 #c1 & ,! ,devil is an ,ass1 by ,b5 ,jonson1 ,act ,i41 ,sc4 #a47 ,! foll[+ passage occurs 9 ,wily ,beguil$1 #afjf4 ,tu%6 fe>e n ! dodge2 ,i'll r put on my fla%+ r$ nose1 & my flam+ face1 & come wrapp$ 9 a calfe's sk91 & cry ',ho6 ho6 ho6' ,aga91 ,i'll put me on my great c>nation nose1 & wrap me 9 a r\s+ calf's-sk9 suit1 & come l "s hob-gobl91 or "s ,devil asc5d$ f ! grisly pit ( hell1 & l a sc>ebabe make him take to 8 legs2 ,i'll play ! ,devil1 ,i w>rant ye4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,cl[n or ,fool ( ! e>ly ,engli% ,drama--,moralities--,! ,int]lude--,! rise ( ,engli% ,trag$y & ,com$y--,dumb ,%ews 9 ! ,old ,plays--,plays suppress$ by ,elizabe?--,a retrospect4 ,9 ! six? *apt] ( ?is "w1 9 quot+ ,malone1 ,i h m5tion$ t ! ,exodi>ii & ,emboli>iae ( ! ,mimis 7 ! remote prog5itors ( ! ,cl[n ( ! ,my/]y ,plays ( ?is c\ntry4 ,n[ let u see :at 7 ! duties ! ,cl[n fulfill$ 9 ! old plays ( ?is c\ntry1 & also briefly ( ! o!rs :o 7 kn[n "u ! g5]ic "n ( ,cl[n or fool4 ,9 ! e>ly drama ! ,cl[n 0 a p]sonage ( no mean importance & ^: duty 0 to pres]ve ! /age f vacancy by amus+ ! audi5ce ) extempor>y buffoon]y1 & also at ! end ( ! p]=mance4 ,&1 z ,heywood1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,wom5 7#afbd71 says ,by 8 mimic ge/ures to bre$ 9 ! less capable mir? & laught]4 ,on ^! occasions1 x 0 usual to descant1 9 a hum\r\s /yle1 on v>i\s subjects propos$ to him by ! spectators2 b !y 7 m commonly ent]ta9$ ) :at 0 t]m$ a jig3 ?is 0 a ludicr\s composition 9 rhyme1 sung by ! ,cl[n1 accompani$ by 8 pipe & tabor4 ,9 ^! jigs !re 7 sometimes m actors ?an "o1 & ! mo/ unb\nd$ lic5se ( tongue 0 all[$2 ! pi? ( ! matt] be+ usually "s scurril\s exposure ( p]sons among1 or well kn[n to ! audi5ce4 ,"h aga9 hi/ory repeats itself 9 ?is once m1 & 9 imitation ( ! satirical int]ludes ( ! ,grecian /age & ! ,atellans & ,mimis ( ! ,roman !atres4 ,! practice ( putt+ ! fools & ,cl[ns 9 requisition betwe5 ! acts & sc5es 7obs]ves ,francis ,d\ce71 & aft] ! play 0 f9i%$1 to amuse ! spectators ) _! tricks1 may be trac$ to ! ,greek & ,roman !atres2 & _! usages be+ pres]v$ 9 ! middle ages1 :]ev] ! ,roman influ5ce _h spread1 x w\ld n1 ( c\rse1 be peculi> to ,engl&4 ,! records ( ! ,fr5* !atre demon/rate ?is fact2 9 ! ,my/]y ( ,sa9t ,b>b>a1 we f9d ?is /age direction3--,pausa4 ,vadunt1 et /ultus loquitur4 7,a pause4 ,!y quit ! /age1 & ! fool speaks74 ,& 9 ?is way he is frequ5tly br\ght on betwe5 ! sc5es4 ,x is q obvi\s t ! t]ms ,cl[n & fool 7 us$1 ?\gh improp]ly1 p]haps1 z synonym\s by our old dramati/s4 ,_! confus$ introduction might r5d] ?is d\btful to "o :o _h n well consid]$ ! matt]4 ,! fool ( our e>ly plays d5ot$ a m]e idiot or natural1 or else a witty hirel+ reta9$ to make sport = 8 ma/]s4 ,! ,cl[n 0 a "* ( m v>iety2 sometimes he 0 a m]e ru/ic2 &1 (t51 no m ?an a %rewd dome/ic4 ,!re are in/ances 9 :i* any l[ "* 9 a play s]v$ to amuse ) 8 co>se sallies1 & ?us became ! ,cl[n ( ! piece4 ,9 fact1 ! fool ( ! drama 0 a k9d ( het]og5e\s be+1 copi$ 9 "p f real life1 b highly col\r$ 9 ord] to produce effect4 ,?is op9ion d]ives =ce f :at is put into ! m\? ( ,hamlet1 :5 he admoni%es ^? :o p]=m ! ,cl[ns1 to speak no m ?an is set d[n = !m4 ,inde$1 ,%akespe>e himself _c be absolv$ f ! imputation ( mak+ m]e c>icatures ( 8 m]ry ,&rews1 unless we suppose1 :at is v probable1 t 8 compositions h be5 mu* int]polat$ ) ! extemporane\s jokes ( ! play]s4 ,to ?is folly1 allusions are made 9 a clev] satire1 entitl$1 ,pasquils ,mad-cappe1 ?r[ne at ! ,corruptions ( ^! ,times1 #afbf1 qu>to4 ,tell c\ntry play]s1 t old paltry je/s ,pron\nc$ 9 a pa9t$ motley coate1 ,filles all ! _w s full ( cuckoo ne/s1 ,t night+ales c sc>cely s+ a note4 ,oh6 bid !m turn _! m9ds to bett] mean+s2 ,fields are ill s[ne t give no bett] glean+s4 ,sir ,philip ,sidney reprobates ! cu/om ( introduc+ fools on ! /age2 & decl>es t ! plays ( 8 "t 7 nei!r "r trag$ies nor "r com$ies1 = ! au?ors m+l$ k+s & ,cl[ns1 n1 says he1 because ! matt] s c>rie? x1 b ?ru/ 9 ! ,cl[ne by head & %\ld]s to play a "p 9 maje/ical matt]s1 ) nei!r dec5cie nor discretion2 s z nei!r ! admiration & commiss]ation1 nor ! "r sportfulnesse1 is by _! mongrell tragie-com$ie obta9$4 ,rank91 a puritan1 contempor>y ) ,%akespe>e1 wrote a mo/ bitt] attack on plays & play]s1 :om he calls mon/]s2 ,& :ie mon/]s8 says he1 because "u col\r ( humanitie !y pres5t no?+ b prodigi\s vanitie2 ^! are wels )\t wat]1 dead bran*es fit = fuell1 cockle among/ corne1 un:olesome we$es among/ sweete he>bes2 &1 f9allie1 fe5ds t are crept into ! worlde by /eal?1 & hold possession by subtill invasion4 ,9 ano!r place1 he says1 "s trans=m$ !mselves to rogues1 o!rs to ruffians1 "s o!rs to ,cl[nes1 a f\r? to fools2 ! rogues 7 ready1 ! ruffians 7 rude1 !yr ,cl[nes cladde z well ) c\ntry condition1 z 9 ruffe russet2 !yr fooles z fond z might be4 ,to give a cle> view ( our subject1 some?+ ( ! diff]5t sorts ( fools may be ?us class$3 #a4--,! g5]al dome/ic fool1 t]m$ (t51 b improp]ly1 a ,cl[n2 describ$ by ,putt5ham z a buff\ne1 or c\nt]fett foole4 #b4--,! ,cl[n1 :o 0 a m]e c\ntry booby1 or a witty ru/ic4 #c4--,! female fool1 :o 0 g5]ally an idiot4 #d4--,! city or corporation fool1 an assi/ant 9 public ent]ta9m5ts4 #e4--,! tav]n fool1 reta9$ to amuse ! cu/om]s4 #f4--,! fool ( ! anci5t ,my/]ies & ,moralities1 o!rwise ! ,vice4 #g4--,! fool 9 ! old dumb %[s1 (t5 allud$ to by ,%akespe>e4 #h4--,! fool 9 ! ,:itsun ales & morris dance4 #i4--,! m\ntebank's fool1 or m]ry ,&rew4 ,!re may be o!rs 9 our anci5t dramas1 ( an irregul> k9d1 n r$ucible to any ( ^! classes2 b to exemplify !m is n )9 ! scope ( ?is essay3 :at has be5 /at$ may assi/ ! read]s ( old plays to judge = !mselves :5 !y meet ) su* *>act]s4 ,! practice ( reta9+ fools c be di/9ctly trac$ f ! remote/ times4 ,!y 7 to be f\nd alike 9 ! palace & ! bro!l2 ! ,pope _h 8 fool1 & ! bawd h]s2 !y excit$ ! mir? ( k+s & begg>s2 ! hovel ( ! villa9 & ! ca/le ( ! b>on 7 alike exhil>at$ by _! jokes4 ,) respect to ! antiquity ( ?is cu/om 9 ,engl&1 x appe>s to h exi/$ ev5 dur+ ! p]iod ( our ,saxon hi/ory1 b we are c]ta9 ( ! fact 9 ! reign ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,maitre ,wace1 an hi/orian ( t "t1 has an acc\nt ( ! pres]vation ( ,william's life1 :5 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 by 8 fool1 ,goles2 &1 9 ,domesday book1 m5tion is made ( ,b]d9 joculator regis2 & ?\gh ?is t]m sometimes d5ot$ a m9/rel1 evid5ce might be adduc$ to prove1 t 9 ?is in/ance x signifi$ a buffoon4 ,! ent]ta9m5t1 fools 7 expect$ to af=d1 may be collect$ 9 great v>iety f our old plays1 especially f ^? ( ,%akespe>e2 b1 p]haps1 a good idea may be =m$ ( _! g5]al conduct f a passage 9 a curi\s tract by ,lodge1 entitl$1 ,wit's ,mis]ie1 #aeii1 qu>to3 ,immod]ate & disord9ate joy became incorporate 9 ! bodie ( a jea/]2 ?is fell[ 9 p]son is comely1 9 app>ell c\rtly1 b 9 behavi\r a v ape1 & no man2 8 /udie is to co9 bitt] jea/s1 or to %ew antique motions1 or to s+ baudie sonnets & ballads2 give him a little w9e 9 8 head1 he is cont9ually fle>+ & mak+ ( m\!s2 he laughs intemp]ately at e little occasion1 & dances ab\t ! h\se1 leaps ov] tables1 outskips m5's heads1 trips up 8 companions' heeles1 burns sack ) a c&le1 & ha? all ! feats ( a "l ( misrule 9 ! c\ntrie3 fe$ him 9 8 hum\r1 y %all h 8 he>t2 9 m]e k9dness he w hug y 9 8 armes1 kisse y on ! *eeke1 & rapp+ out an horrible oa?1 crie ',god's s\le1 ,tum1 ,i love y1 y kn[e my poore he>t1 come to my *amb] = a pipe ( tobacco1 !re lives n a man 9 ?is _w t ,i m honor4' ,9 ^! c]emonies y %all "k 8 c\rt+1 & x is a speciall m>k ( him at table1 he sits & makes faces3 keep n ?is fell[ company1 = 9 j+l+ ) him1 y\r w>dropes %all be wa/$1 y\r cr$its crackt1 y\r cr[nes consum$1 & "t 7! mo/ preci\s ri*es ( ! _w7 utt]ly lo/4 ,) reg>d to ! fool's bus9ess on ! /age1 x 0 ne>ly ! same z 9 reality1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! wit 0 m highly season$4 ,9 ,middleton's ,mayor ( ,qu9bor\gh1 a company ( actors1 ) a ,cl[n1 make _! appe>ance1 & ! foll[+ dialogue ensues3-- #a/ ,*eat]4 ,?is is our ,cl[n1 sir4 ,simon4 ,fye1 fye1 y\r company ,mu/ fall ^u him & beat him2 he's too fair i'fai?1 ,to make ! p laugh4 #a/ ,*eat]4 ,n z he may be dress'd1 sir4 ,simon4 ,fai?1 dress him h[ y w4 ,i'll give him ,t gift1 he w nev] look half scurvily en\gh4 ,oh6 ! ,cl[ns t ,i h se5 9 my "t1 ,! v peep+ out ( "o ( !m w\ld h ,made a "y heir laugh1 ?\gh 8 fa!r lay a-dy+2 ,a man undone 9 law ! day be=e1 7,! sadde/ case t c be7 might = 8 second ,h bur/ himself ) laugh+1 & end$ all ,8 mis]ies4 ,"h 0 a m]ry _w1 my ma/]s6 ,"s talk ( ?+s ( /ate1 ( pul+ /uff2 ,!re's no?+ 9 a play l to a ,cl[n1 ,if he h ! grace to hit on x1 t's ! ?+ inde$4 ,away !n1 %ift2 ,cl[n1 to ?y motley crupp]4 ,9 ! praeludium to ,g(fe's ,c>eless ,%eph]dess1 #afef1 qu>to1 !re is a panegyric on !m1 & "s conc]n is %[n = ! fool's abs5ce 9 ! play itself1 :ile x is /at$ t ,! motley coat 0 bani%$ ) trunk-hose4 ,yet 9 ,*>les ,,ii4's reign1 "s ef=ts 7 made to re/ore ! "*4 ,9 ! trag$y ( ,?orney ,abbey1 or ! ,london ,maid1 #affb1 #abmo41 ! prologue is deliv]$ by a fool1 :o uses ^! words3--,! poet's a fool :o made ! trag$y1 to tell a /ory ( a k+ & a c\rt1 & leave a fool out on't1 :5 9 ,pacey's1 & ,somm]'s1 & ,pat*e's1 & ,ar*]'s times1 my v5]able pr$ecess\rs1 a fool 0 alwaies ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,%adwell's play ( ,! ,woman ,capta91 #afhj1 is p]haps ! la/ 9 :i* a regul> fool is introduc$2 & ev5 !re1 8 ma/] is made to say t ! "* 0 explod$ on ! /age4 ,9 real life1 z 0 =m]ly /at$1 ! pr(ess$ fool 0 to be met ) at a mu* lat] p]iod1 b ! cu/om has long be5 obsolete4 ,:at ,i h said ( ! ,my/]ies ( ,religion plays w1 ,i hope1 be suffici5t to %[ ! read] h[ !y 7 associat$ ) ,pantomime4 ,! ,moralities1 f\nd$ on ! ,my/]ies1 7 ! means us$ to inculcate1 by ! aid ( a slight plot1 religi\s tru?s )\t directly us+ scriptural or leg5d>y subjects4 ,malone says ( !m3--,i am unable to asc]ta9 :5 ! fir/ ,morality appe>$1 b incl9e to ?9k n soon] ?an ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 7ab\t #adfj74 ,! public pageants ( ! reign ( 8 pr$ecessor 7 uncommonly spl5did1 & be+ !n fir/ enliv5$ by ! introduction ( speak+ allegorical p]sonages1 prop]ly & *>act]i/ically habit$1 naturally l$ ! way to ^! p]sonifications1 by :i* ,moralities 7 di/+ui%$ f ! simple religi\s dramas call$ ,my/]ies4 ,! ,int]lude1 t 0 ! prog5itor ( ,engli% ,com$y1 next arriv$4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,int]lude is cr$it$ to ,john ,heywood4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t a play1 entitl$1 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 is cr$it$ ) be+ our fir/ ,engli% ,com$y1 ?\gh its hum\r & wit1 x is /at$1 is ( a l[ & sordid k9d4 ,o!rs make claim = ! com$y1 ,ralph ,roi/] ,doi/]4 ,trag$y & ,com$y n[ began to raise _! heads1 yet !y c\ld n1 = "s "t1 d m ?an blu/] & quibble4 ,!re is an excell5t criticism on !m by t di/+ui%$ /atesman1 poet1 s*ol>1 & brave soldi]1 ,sir ,philip ,sydney4 ,"s ( _! pieces 7 only 'dumb %ews1' "s ) *oruses1 & "s !y expla9$ by an ,int]locutor1 says an old writ] on ! subject4 ,! m5tion ( ,pantomime 9 connection ) trag$y1 & z an example h[ ,pantomime 0 requisition$ 9 ,%akespe>e's "t1 is %[n 9 ! ,second ,sc5e ( ,act ,,iii4 ( ,hamlet1 :]e9 ! dumb %ew is giv5 by ! play]s4 ,! true drama1 h[ev]1 receiv$ bir? & p]fection f ! creative g5iuses ( ,%akespe>e1 ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 ,jonson1 & o!rs4 ,?\gh ! /age no soon] began to talk ?an x grew scurril\s1 & plays 7 ?\ght ,dang]\s to ,religion1 ! ,/ate1 ,hone/y1 & ,mann]s1 & also = ,infection1 9 ,"t ( ,sickness4 ,:]e=e !y 7 aft]w>ds = "s "t suppress$4 ,b ^u application to ! ,que5 & ,c\ncil !y 7 aga9 tol]at$ "u ! foll[+ re/rictions3 ,t no ,plays be act$ on ,sundays at all1 nor on any o!r ,holidays till aft] ,ev5+ ,pray]4 ,t no play+ be 9 ! ,d>k1 nor cont9ue & su* ,"t1 b ! ,auditors may return to _! ,dwell+s 9 ,london be=e ,sunset1 or at lea/ be=e x be ,d>k4 ,! =ego+ is f ,/[1 & ?is ,act 0 made 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,! ,virg9 ,que5 does n seem to h c>$ mu* ab\t ?is enactm5t1 z we f9d t on ,sunday1 ! #bd? ,septemb]1 #aeib1 %e & h] ,c\rt att5d$ a play at ,ox=d4 ,z ,trag$y & ,com$y progress$ on ! ,engli% /age1 ,pantomime1 z f> z x 0 associat$ ) ! dumb %[s 9 ! e>ly ,engli% drama1 became1 little by little1 a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,we h se51 & trac$1 f ! ,creation ( ?is planet1 & ?r\gh succe$+ ages1 h[ ,pantomime has always fl\ri%$2 we h se5 also h[ ! ,int]lude gave way to ! ,com$y2 we w n[ see h[ ?is love ( light ent]ta9m5t =mulat$ 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,int]lude1 &1 ab\t ! same "t1 by ! ,italian ,masque ,com$y1 ! prog5itor ( ,pantomime 7ref]r+ to ! :ole z a spectacle71 & ! =]unn] 9 ,france1 also ( t o!r =m ( light ent]ta9m5t kn[n z ! ,fr5* ,vaudeville1 cultivat$ by ,le ,sage & o!r ,fr5* writ]s ( note4 ,to g to ! b$-rock = our facts1 & = ! innovation ( all ?is1 x is necess>y 9 ?\ght1 & p]haps z well 9 _s1 to j\rney to ,italy4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,! ,italian ,masque--,! ,masque 9 ,engl&--,fir/ appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry ( ,h>lequ9--,joe ,ha9es z ,h>lequ9--,m>l[e's ,fau/us--,a ,curi\s ,play--,! ,italian ,h>lequ9--,colley ,cibb]1 ,p5ke?man--,%akespe>e's ,burlesques ( ! ,masque--,decl9e ( ! ,masque4 ,9 ,italy ! ,masque ent]ta9m5t long held sway1 & 0 a light =m ( amusem5t1 consi/+ ( ,pantomime1 music1 s++1 & danc+1 & an adaptation ( ! ,fabulae ,atellanae ( anci5t ,italy4 ,! p]=m]s wore masks1 also high-heel$ %oes1 fitt$ ) brass or iron heels1 :i* j+l$ z !y danc$4 ,?is anci5t cu/om to pres5t-day /age danc]s w d\btless be ( int]e/4 ,masks1 l on ! /ages ( ! ,greeks & ! ,romans1 7 us$1 h5ce ! title ,mask1 or ,masque1 z x is sometimes writt5 bo? ways4 ,9 ! days ( ,elizabe? ! cu/om 0 also practis$ 9 ! ,elizabe!an ,masque4 ,! ,masqu]ade & ! ,mask$ ball1 or ,bal-,masque1 are survivals ( ?is anci5t cu/om4 ,cross+ ! ,alps1 if ! read] w accompany me1 ! ,italian ,masque ,com$y we f9d 0 already kn[n 9 ,france 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! days ( ,m>y de ,m$ici ballets 7 introduc$1 & by ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,op]a 7i4e41 ! ,masque7 0 9 full sw+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is reign4 ,on ! ,spani% /age ballets1 ) allegorical *>act]s1 7 kn[n 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 &1 9 fact1 ?r\gh\t ,europe ab\t ?is age1 & "s "t previ\sly ?is improvis$ =m ( ,italian ,com$y1 & ! sev]al *>act]s 9 x1 belong+ to ! family ( ,h>lequ91 _h long be5 famili> subjects4 ,return+ to ,engl& aft] our little holiday1 ! ,masque 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies _h become v popul>4 ,! ar*itect1 ,inigo ,jones1 be+ frequ5tly employ$ to furni% ! decorations ) all ! magnific5ce ( 8 inv5tion4 ,at ! ,c\rts ( ,elizabe?1 ,james ,i41 ,*>les ,i41 & up to ! "t :5 all plays 7 totally suppress$1 0 x ! rage4 ,at ! ,re/oration ! ,masque 0 reviv$ aga91 & "h1 borr[+ ! "n f ! cont95t1 x is call$ ,op]a4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 9 ,dryd5's "w1 ,albion & ,albanius1 #afhe1 ,op]a is def9$ z a poetical tale or picture repres5t$ by vocal & in/rum5tal music1 & end[$ ) ma*9es & dances4 ,! dramatic poet & au?or1 ,b5 ,jonson1 collaborat$ ) ,inigo ,jones1 ! ar*itect1 9 devis+ ^! ,masque plays1 ,jonson supply+ ! words1 & ,jones ! sc5ic effects1 ! latt] be+ v gorge\s1 consi/+ ( l&scapes1 m\nta9s1 & cl\ds1 :i* op5$ to display hea!n deities illum9at$ by v>iegat$ col\r$ lights4 ,ov] ^! ,masques or ,op]atic ent]ta9m5ts ,jonson & ,jones qu>rell$1 z ! =m]'s grievance 0 t he receiv$ no m = 8 librettos ?an ,jones did = 8 sc5ic devices4 ,b5 ,jonson !reupon wrote satires ^u ,inigo ,jones1 & 9 "o ( 8 squibs appe>s ! satirical l9e1 ,pa9t+ & ,c>p5try are ! ,s\l ( ,masque4 ,is n ?is applicable to _m ( our pres5t-day ,pantomimes1 :i*1 z ,i h j /at$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ! ,masque 0 "o ( ! orig9al prog5itors8 ,inigo ,jones & ,jonson fir/ collaborat$ 9 ! ,masque ( ,blackness1 p]=m$ at ,:itehall on ,twelf? ,night1 #afjc4 ,9 our money ?is ,masque co/ "s #aj1jjj4 ,jones & ,jonson's qu>rel orig9at$ because ! poet _h1 9 ! ,masque ( ,*loridia1 p]=m$ 9 #afcj1 prefix$ 8 own "n be=e t ( ,jones4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is r>e old ,b5 0 depriv$--?r\gh ,jones' influ5ce--( employm5t at ,c\rt4 ,gif=d1 9 8 ,memoirs ( ,b5 ,jonson1 says t ,9 poetry1 pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 !y 7! ,masques7 h n s9ce be5 equall$4 ,! ,masque1 cont9ues ,gif=d1 z x atta9$ its highe/ degree ( excell5ce1 admitt$ ( dialogue1 s++ & danc+2 ^! 7 n indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 b comb9$ by ! introduction ( "s +5i\s fable into an h>moni\s :ole4 ,:5 ! plan 0 =m$1 ! aid ( ! si/]-arts 0 call$ 92 = ! ess5ce ( ! ,masque 0 pomp & glory4 ,movable sc5]y ( ! mo/ co/ly & spl5did k9d 0 lavi%$ on ! ,masque2 ! mo/ celebrat$ ma/]s 7 employ$ on ! songs & dances2 & all t ! k+dom af=d$ ( vocal & in/rum5tal excell5ce 0 employ$ to embelli% ! exhibition4 ,?us1 magnific5tly con/ruct$1 0 compos$1 z ,"l ,bacon says1 = pr9ces1 & by pr9ces x 0 play$4 ,( ^! ,masques1 ! skill ) :i* _! ornam5ts 7 design$1 & ! inexpressible grace ) :i* !y 7 execut$ appe> to h left a vivid impression on ! m9d ( ,jonson4 ,8 g5ius awak5s at once1 & all 8 faculties attune to sprightl9ess & pleasure4 ,he makes 8 appe>ance l 8 own ,delight1 accompani$ ) ,grace1 ,love1 ,h>mony1 ,revel1 ,sport1 & ,laught]4 ,9 ! ,masques ! ,pantomimic dances ( ! ,masqu]s 7 kn[n z motions3-- ,9 curi\s knot & mazes s ,! ,spr+ at fir/ 0 taught to g2 ,& ,zephyr1 :5 he came to woo ,8 ,flora _h 8 motions too2 ,& ?us did ,v5us le>n to lead ,! ,idalian brawls1 & s to tread1 ,z if ! w9d1 n %e did walk1 ,nor press'd a fl[]1 nor b['d a /alk4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! ,italian ,masque 9 ,engl&1 ! ,h>lequ9 family 7 unkn[n1 &1 d\btless1 ,h>lequ9's fir/ appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry 0 9 consonance ) ! ,masque itself4 ,heywood1 9 a tract1 publi%$ 9 #afji1 entitl$1 ,troia ,britannica1 m5tions ,zanyes1 ,pantaloons1 ,h>lakeans1 9 :i* ! ,fr5*1 b especially ! ,italians1 h be5 excell5t z kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! e>lie/ record ,i c f9d ( a ,h>lequ9 p]=m+ 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 ! ,masque giv5 be=e ,*>les ,i4 & 8 ,c\rt on ! ,sunday ev5+ foll[+ ,twelf? ,night1 #afcg4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is ,masque1 z well z o!r in=mation deal+ ) ! ,masque ent]ta9m5ts1 w be f\nd 9 my volume1 ,/age ,:isp]s1 & 9 ! article on !atrical sc5]y4 ,9 a com$y1 writt5 by ,rav5scr(t1 aft] ! ,italian mann]1 ,joe ,ha9es1 9 #affg1 donn$ ! motley jacket ( ,h>lequ91 & :i*1 9 all probability1 0 ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,h>lequ9 on ! ,engli% bo>ds1 ?\gh n 9 ,engl&1 z /at$ above4 ,9 a f>ce ( ! audaci\s ,mrs4 ,aphra ,behn's1 produc$ tw5ty ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,h>lequ9 & ,sc>am\* 7 two ( ! *>act]s4 ,mrs4 ,behn di$ ,april #af1 #afhi1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! cloi/]s ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,to ,m>l[e's ,fau/us1 ,m\nt=t add$ comic sc5es to ! trag$y1 introduc+ ,h>lequ9 & ,sc>am\*4 ,a ,h>lequ91 ,pantaloon1 ,columb9e1 & ,cl[n appe>$ 9 a curi\s piece 9 #afig1 entitl$1 ,novelty2 or ,e ,act a ,play4 ,! fir/ act consi/$ ( a pa/oral ,drama1 ! second ( a ,com$y1 ! ?ird a ,masque1 ! f\r? a ,trag$y1 & ! fif? act a ,f>ce4 ,9 ,italy ! fame ( ,h>lequ9 0 at its z5i? at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 ?is c\ntry 9 #afhg a ,h>lequ9 7,p5ke?man7 appe>$ 9 a f>ce call$ ,! ,emp]or ( ! ,moon )\t a mask4 ,colley ,cibb] says ( ?is p]=mance ,t :5 he 7,p5ke?man7 fir/ play$ ,h>lequ9 9 ',! ,emp]or ( ! ,moon' sev]al g5tlem5 7:o inadv]t5tly judg$ by ! rules ( nature7 fanci$ t a great deal ( ! droll]y1 & _s ( 8 grimace 0 lo/ by 8 we>+ t useless1 unmean+ mask1 !re=e insi/$ t ! next "t ( 8 act+ t "p he %\ld play )\t x4 ,_! desire 0 accord+ly compli$ )1 b alas6 9 va9--,p5ke?man 0 no m ,h>lequ94 ,8 hum\r 0 q disconc]t$4 ,9 ,! ,tempe/1 ,%akespe>e introduces a ,masque1 & also 9 8 ,midsumm] ,nights' ,dream1 ! play ( ,pyramus & ,?isbe1 p]=m$ by ! ,cl[ns1 is 9 burlesque ( ! ,masque plays4 ,9 bo? ^! two plays ( ! b>d's1 & 9 connection ) ! ,masque plays1 we see1 f ! /age directions 9 !m1 h[ ,pantomime =m$ "p ( _! effective repres5tation4 ,9 out h]od+-h]od 9 ! way ( spl5d\r1 %[y dresses & exp5sive ma*9]y1 ! ,masque soon fell into decay2 &1 z ,b5 ,jonson /ates1 ,! glory ( all ^! solemnities _h p]i%$ l a blaze1 & gone out 9 ! behold]'s eyes2 s %ort-liv$ are ! bodies ( all ?+s 9 comp>ison ) _! s\ls4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,italian ,pantomime--,riccoboni--,broom's ,antipodes--,gh]>di--,extemporal ,com$ies--,salvator ,rosa--,impromptu ,act+4 ,pantomime 9 ,italy _h two di/9ct features1 "o a species ( buffoon]y1 t]m$ ,lazzi1 & ! o!r ,extemporal or ,improvis$ ,com$ies4 ,lazzi1 m5tions ,riccoboni1 9 8 ,hi/oire du ,!tre ,itali51 is a t]m corrupt$ f ! old ,tuscan ,lacci1 :i* signifies a knot1 or some?+ t connects4 7,bo? ! ,lazzi & ! ,extemporal ,com$ies 7 all d]iv$ f ! "o orig9al s\rce1 t ( ! ,satirical drama ( ! ,greeks1 & p]petuat$ 9 ! ,fabulae ,atellanae or ,laudi ,osci ( ,italy47 ,riccoboni cont9ues3 ,^! pleasantries1 call$ ,lazzi1 are c]ta9 actions by :i* ! p]=m] breaks into ! sc5e1 to pa9t to ! eye 8 emotions ( panic or jocul>ity2 b z su* ge/ures are =eign to ! bus9ess go+ on1 ! nicety ( ! art consi/s 9 n int]rupt+ ! sc5e1 & connect+ ! ,lazzi ) x2 ?us to tie ! :ole toge!r4 ,lazzi is :at we might t]m bye play1 :i*1 by ge/ure & action1 c\ld n detract1 b r add$ to ! effectiv5ess ( ! sc5e 9 progress4 ,9 ,broom's ,antipodes1 :i* 0 p]=m$ at ! ,salisbury ,c\rt ,!atre1 ,london1 9 #afch1 a by-play1 z he calls x1 is repres5t$ 9 ?is com$y--,a ^w 7expla9s ,malone7 = ! application ( :i* we are indebt$ to ?is writ]1 !re be+ no o!r t]m 9 our language t ,i "k (1 :i* s prop]ly expresses t species ( ,int]lude :i* we f9d 9 our poet's ',hamlet1' & o!r pieces4 ,riccoboni1 9 describ+ "s ,lazzi1 says t ,h>lequ9 & ,scap9 be+ 9 a fami%$ condition1 ,scap91 9 ord] to br+ _! "y mi/ress out1 asks ,h>lequ9 to groan4 ,scap9 expla9s to h] ! reason1 & :ile !y are talk+1 ,h>lequ9 is p]=m+ 8 ,lazzi4 ,?is consi/s ( eat+ an imag9>y hatful ( *]ries1 & ?r[+ ! /ones at ,scap92 or cat*+ imag9>y flies1 & *opp+ (f _! w+s4 ,lazzi1 we are told1 al?\gh !y seem to int]rupt ! progress ( ! action1 yet 9 cutt+ x !y slide back into x1 & connect or tie ! :ole4 ,:5 ,riccoboni & 8 company fir/ appe>$ 9 ,france1 ?\gh be+ unable to speak no?+ b ,italian1 _! audi5ces1 ?\gh n be+ able to und]/& ! words1 yet ! p]=m]s 7 su* pa/-ma/]s 9 ! ,mimetic ,art t _! repres5tations 7 j z intelligible & z expressive z if !y _h be5 ) words4 ,gh]>di1 9 8 treatise1 ,!tre ,itali51 speaks ( a ,sc>am\*1 :o1 wait+ = 8 ma/]1 ,h>lequ91 seats & plays on ! guit>4 ,sudd5ly1 by ,pasqu>iel1 he is ?r[n into a fright4 ,x 0 !n1 says ,gh]>di1 t incomp>able model ( our mo/ em95t actors display$ ! miracles ( 8 art2 t art :i* pa9ts ! passions 9 ! face1 ?r[s !m into e ge/ure1 & ?r\gh a :ole sc5e ( frights ^u frights1 conveys ! mo/ p[]ful expression ( ludicr\s t]ror4 ,?is man mov$ all he>ts by ! simplicity ( nature1 m ?an skilful orators c ) all ! *>ms ( p]suasive rhetoric4 ,! ,extemporal ,com$ies 7 all improvis$1 ! actors und]w5t no rehe>sal1 &1 z ! "n d5otes1 ev]y?+ 0 impromptu4 ,! ,sc5>io1 or plot1 _h j simply ! sc5es & ! *>act]s set =?1 & x 0 !n hung 9 a conspicu\s place on ! /age2 & j 9 a simil> way z ! gas or lime light plots are affix$ 9 pres5t day !atres1 ?\gh ! ,sc5>ios 7 n z elaborate z :at "s ( our gas or limelight plots are4 ,be=e go+ on ! /age1 ! ,mimes j inspect$ ! ,sc5>io ( ! ,com$ia ,del' ,arte1 & = ! dialogue & action ev]y?+ dep5d$ solely ^u _! ,pantomimic g5ius4 ,disraeli m5tions t m5 ( great g5ius _h a passion = p]=m+ 9 ^! ,extemporal ,com$ies1 &1 among/ o!rs1 ! great pa9t]1 ,salvator ,rosa4 ,a fav\rite "* ( ,rosa's 0 t ( ,=mica1 a ,cl[n ( ,calabria4 ,pass]i1 9 8 life ( ,rosa1 tells ! foll[+ anecdote3-- ,"o summ]1 ,salvator ,rosa jo9$ a company ( "y p]sons1 :o 7 curi\sly addict$ to ! mak+ ( ,com$ie all' ,improviso4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a v9ey>d !y rais$ a ru/ic /age1 "u ! direction ( "o ,mussi1 :o enjoy$ "s lit]>y reputation1 p>ticul>ly = 8 s]mons prea*$ 9 ,l5t4 ,_! second ,com$y 0 num]\sly att5d$1 & ,i w5t among ! re/4 ,i sat on ! same b5* by good =tune ) ,cavali] ,b]n9i1 ,romanelli1 & ,guido1 all well-kn[n p]sons4 ,salvator ,rosa1 :o _h already made himself a fav\rite ) ! ,roman p1 "u ! "* ( ,=mica1 op5$ ) a prologue 9 company ) o!r actors4 ,he propos$ = reliev+ !mselves ( ! extreme heats & ennui t !y %\ld make a ,com$y1 & all agre$4 ,=mica 7,rosa7 !n spoke 79 ! satirical ,v5etian dialect7 ^! exact words1 :i* ,mr4 ,disraeli translates z foll[s3--,i w n1 h[ev]1 t we %\ld make a ,com$y l c]ta9 p]sons :o cut clo!s1 & put !m on ?is man's back1 & on t man's back2 = at la/ ! "t comes :i* %[s h[ mu* fa/] w5t ! cut ( ! %e>s ?an ! p5 ( ! poet2 nor w we h ent]+ on ! sc5e1 c\ri]s1 br&y sell]s1 & goa!rds1 & !re />e %y & blocki%1 :i* ,i ?9k wor?y ! s5seless inv5tion ( an ass4 ,pass]i cont9ues3 ,at ?is "t ,b]n9i _h made a ,com$y 9 ! ,c>nival v pung5t & bit+2 & t summ] he _h "o ( ,ca/elli's p]=m$ 9 ! suburbs1 :]e1 to repres5t ! dawn ( day1 appe>$ on ! /age wat]-c>ri]s1 c\ri]s1 & goat-h]ds1 go+ ab\t--all :i* is contr>y to rule1 :i* all[s ( no "* :o is n conc]n$ 9 ! dialogue to mix ) ! gr\ps4 ,at ^! words ( ! ,=mica1 ,i1 :o well knew 8 mean+1 in/antly glanc$ my eye at ,b]n9i1 to obs]ve 8 movem5ts2 b he1 ) an artificial c>elessness1 %[$ t ?is 'cut ( ! %e>s' did n t\* him2 & he made no app>5t %[ ( be+ hurt4 ,b ,ca/elli1 :o 0 also ne>1 toss+ 8 head & smil+ 9 bitt]ness1 %[$ cle>ly t he 0 hit4 ,9 conclud+1 ,mr4 ,disraeli obs]ves t3 ,?is ,italian /ory1 told ) all ! poignant reli% ( ^! vivaci\s natives1 to :om su* a /++ incid5t 0 an important ev5t1 also %[s ! p]sonal fre$oms tak5 on ^! occasions by a man ( g5ius1 entirely 9 ! _s ( ! anci5t ,roman ,atellanae or ! ,grecian ,satyra4 ,( ,extemporal ,com$ies1 ,riccoboni m5tions t3 ,?is k9d ( spectacle is peculi> to ,italy2 "o _c d5y t x has graces p]fectly its own1 & :i* writt5 ,com$y c nev] exhibit4 ,?is impromptu mode ( act+ furni%es opportunities = a p]petual *ange 9 ! p]=mance1 s t ! same ,sc5>io repeat$ /ill appe>s a new "o3 ?us "o ,com$y may become tw5ty ,com$ies4 ,an actor ( ?is description1 always suppos+ an actor ( g5ius1 is m vividly affect$ ?an "o :o has coldly got 8 "p by rote4 ,b figure1 memory1 voice1 & ev5 s5sibility1 are n suffici5t = ! actor all' improvi/a2 he mu/ be 9 ! habit ( cultivat+ ! imag9ation1 p\r+ =? ! fl[ ( expression1 & prompt 9 ^? fla%es :i* in/antly vibrate 9 ! plaudits ( an audi5ce4 ,aga91 ,gh]>di3 ,anyone may le>n a "p by rote1 & d some?+ bad1 or indiff]5t1 on ano!r !atre4 ,) u ! affair is q o!rwise2 & :5 an ,italian actor dies1 x is ) inf9ite difficulty t we c supply 8 place4 ,an ,italian actor le>ns no?+ by head2 he looks on ! subject = a mom5t be=e he comes =w>d on ! /age1 & entirely dep5ds ^u 8 imag9ation = ! re/4 ,! actor :o is accu/om$ m]ely to recite :at he has be5 taught is s completely occupi$ by 8 memory1 t he appe>s to /&1 z x 71 unconnect$ ei!r ) ! audi5ce or 8 companions2 he is s impati5t to deliv] himself ( ! bur!n he is c>ry+ t he trembles l a s*oolboy1 or is z s5seless z an e*o1 & c\ld nev] speak if o!rs _h n spok5 be=e4 ,su* a tutor$ actor among u w\ld be l a p>alytic arm to a body3 an uns]viceable memb]1 only fatigu+ ! heal?y action ( ! s\nd p>ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,pantomimical ,*>act]s--,neapolitan ,pantomime--,! ,h>lequ9 ,family--,! ,orig9al ,*>act]s 9 ! ,italian ,pantomimes--,celebrat$ ,h>lequ9s--,italian & ,fr5* ,h>lequ9s--,a ,fr5* view ( ! ,engli% ,cl[n--,pi]rots' orig9--,pantaloon1 h[ ! "n has be5 d]iv$--,columb9e--,m>ionette & ,puppet ,%[s4 ,aft] hav+ %[n :at ! ,lazzi & ,extemporal ,com$ies 7 l1 let u n[ turn to ! ,pantomimical *>act]s associat$ ) _! repres5tations4 ,e "o1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,isaac ,disraeli1 ( ?is grotesque family 7 ! creatures ( national g5ius1 *os5 by ! p = !mselves4 ,italy1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 exhibits a ge/iculat+ p ( com$ians1 & ! same comic g5ius *>act]is$ ! nation ?r\gh all its revolutions1 z well z ! individual ?r\gh all 8 =tunes4 ,! l[] classes /ill betray _! aptitude 9 t vivid hum\r1 :]e ! action is suit$ to ! ^w--sil5t ge/ures sometimes express+ :ole s5t5ces4 ,!y c tell a /ory1 & ev5 raise ! passions1 )\t op5+ _! lips4 ,no nation 9 mod]n ,europe possesses s ke5 a reli% = ! burlesque1 insomu* z to %[ a class ( unrivall$ poems1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! v title2 & p]haps !re nev] 0 an ,italian 9 a =eign c\ntry1 h[ev] deep 9 tr\ble1 b w\ld drop all remembrance ( 8 sorr[s1 %\ld "o ( 8 c\ntrym5 pres5t himself ) ! p>aph]nalia ( ,pun* at ! corn] ( a /reet4 ,i 0 acqua9t$ ) an ,italian1 a philosoph] & a man ( =tune1 resid+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o f\nd s lively a pleasure 9 p]=m+ ,pun*9ello's little com$y1 t1 = ?is purpose1 ) consid]able exp5se & curiosity1 he _h 8 wood5 company1 9 all _! co/ume1 s5t ov] f 8 native place4 ,! %rill squeak ( ! t9 :i/le _h ! same comic effect on him z ! notes ( ! ,ranz des ,va*es h 9 awak5+ ! t5d]ness ( dome/ic emotions 9 ! w&]+ ,swiss--! national g5ius is dramatic4 ,lady ,wortley ,montagu :5 %e resid$ at a villa ne> ,brescia1 0 appli$ to by ! villag]s = leave to erect a !atre 9 h] saloon3 !y _h be5 accu/om$ to turn ! /ables into a playh\se e ,c>nival4 ,%e compli$1 &1 z %e tells u1 0 ,surpris$ at ! beauty ( _! sc5es1 ?\gh pa9t$ by a c\ntry pa9t]4 ,! p]=mance 0 yet m surpris+1 ! actors be+ all peasants2 b ! ,italians h s natural a g5ius = com$y1 !y act$ z well z if !y _h be5 br\ght up to no?+ else1 p>ticul>ly ! ,arle*9o1 :o f> surpass$ any ( our ,engli%1 ?\gh only ! tailor ( our village1 & ,i am assur$ nev] saw a play 9 any o!r place4 ,italy is ! "m1 & ! nurse1 ( ! :ole ,h>lequ9 race4 ,h5ce x is t no s*ol>s 9 ,europe b ! mo/ le>n$ ,italians1 smit by ! national g5ius1 c\ld h devot$ _! vigils to n>rate ! evolutions ( ,pantomime1 to compile ! annals ( ,h>lequ91 to unroll ! g5ealogy ( ,pun*1 & to discov] ev5 ! mo/ secret anecdotes ( ! obscur] bran*es ( t grotesque family1 amid/ _! *angeful =tunes1 dur+ a p]iod ( two ?\s& ye>s4 ,nor is ?is all2 pr9ces h rank$ !m among ! ,rosciuses2 & ,h>lequ9s & ,sc>am\*es h be5 ennobl$4 ,ev5 ,h>lequ9s !mselves h writt5 elaborate treatises on ! almo/ insurm\ntable difficulties ( _! art4 ,i despair to convey ! sympa?y !y h inspir$ me ) to my read]2 b e ,tramontane g5ius mu/ be in=m$1 t ( :at he has nev] se51 he mu/ re/ cont5t to be told4 ,( ! anci5t ,italian troop we h reta9$ ?ree or f\r ( ! *>act]s1 :ile _! orig9 has ne>ly escap$ our recollection2 b ( ! burlesque com$y1 ! extempore dialogue1 ! humor\s fable1 & its peculi> species ( comic act+1 all has vani%$4 ,_m ( ! popul> pa/imes ( ! ,romans unque/ionably surviv$ _! dom9ion1 = ! p w amuse !mselves1 ?\gh _! ma/]s may be conqu]$2 & tradition has nev] prov$ m fai?ful ?an 9 pres]v+ popul> sports4 ,_m ( ! games ( our *ildr5 7 play$ by ,roman boys2 ! m\ntebanks1 ) ! danc]s & tumbl]s on _! moveable /ages1 /ill 9 our fairs1 are ,roman2 ! disord]s ( ! ,bac*analia1 ,italy appe>s to imitate 9 h] ,c>nivals4 ,among ^! ,roman div]sions c]ta9 comic *>act]s h be5 transmitt$ to u1 along ) "s ( _! *>act]i/ics1 & _! dresses4 ,! speak+ ,pantomimes & ,extemporal ,com$ies :i* h delight$ ! ,italians = _m c5turies1 are f ?is anci5t s\rce4 ,ri*1 9 8 ,companion to ! ,lat9 ,diction>y1 has an excell5t illu/ration ( ?is passage3--,?is ,art 0 ( v great antiquity1 & mu* practic$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 bo? on ! /age & 9 ! tribune1 induc$ by _! habit ( address+ l>ge assemblies 9 ! op5 air1 :]e x w\ld h be5 impossible = ! majority to compreh5d :at 0 said )\t ! assi/ance ( "s conv5tional signs1 :i* enabl$ ! speak] to address himself to ! eye1 z well z ! e> ( ! audi5ce4 ,^! 7 *iefly made by c]ta9 positions ( ! h&s & f+]s1 ! mean+ ( :i* 0 univ]sally recognis$ & famili> to all classes1 & ! practice itself r$uc$ to a regul> sy/em1 z x rema9s at ! pres5t "t among/ ! populace ( ,naples1 :o w c>ry on a long conv]sation betwe5 !mselves by m]e ge/iculation1 & )\t pron\nc+ a ^w4 ,t _m ( ^! signs are simil> to ^? us$ by ! ,anci5ts1 is prov$ by ! same au?or1 :o copies f an antique vase a sc5e :i* he expla9s by ! action ( ! h&s ( ! figures1 add+1 ,a common lazz>oni1 :5 %[n "o ( ^! compositions1 w at once expla9 ! purport ( ! action1 :i* a s*ol> ) all 8 le>n+ _c div9e4 ,! ge/ure to signify love1 employ$ by ! ,anci5ts & mod]n ,neapolitans1 0 jo9+ ! tips ( ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&2 an imputation or assev]ation by hold+ =? ! "r h&2 a d5ial by rais+ ! same h&1 ext5d+ ! f+]s4 ,9 m$iaeval works ( art1 a p>ticul> attitude ( ! f+]s is adopt$ to exhibit malici\s hate3 x is done by cross+ ! =ef+] ( ea* h&1 & is g5]ally se5 9 figures ( ,h]od or ,judas ,isc>iot4 ,d[n to ! fifte5? c5tury !re is n mu* kn[n ( ! family ( ,h>lequ91 ) ! exception1 p]haps1 t ! "n ,zany became m widely di/ribut$ into su* z ,drolls1 ,cl[ns1 ,pantaloons1 ,pun*es1 ,sc>am\*es1 & ! l4 ,9 ! ,italian ,com$y1 ( purely native gr[?1 ! orig9al *>act]s 7 ,pantaloon1 a ,v5etian ,m]*ant2 ,dottore1 a ,bolognese physician2 ,spav5to1 a ,neapolitan bragg>t2 ,pulc9ello1 a wag ( ,apalia2 ,giangurgoto & ,corviello1 two ,cl[ns ( ,cala-simpleton2 & ,arle*9o1 a blund]+ s]vant ( ,b]gamo4 ,! latt] ,! ,h>lequ9 ( ! ,italian !atre1 has pass$ ?r\gh1 m5tions ,mr4 ,disraeli1 all ! vicissitudes ( =tune4 ,at fir/ 7z we h se57 he 0 a true repres5tative ( ! anci5t ,mime2 b1 dur+ ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 he deg5]at$ into a booby & a g\rm&1 ! p]petual butt = a %>p-witt$ fell[1 8 companion1 ,brighella1 ! knife & ! :et/one4 ,h>lequ91 h[ev]1 "u ! re=m+ h& ( ,goldoni1 became1 9 aft] ye>s1 a *ild ( nature1 & ! delight ( 8 c\ntry2 & he has commemorat$ ! hi/orical "* ( ! great ,h>lequ9 ,sac*i4 ,x may s]ve ! read] to correct 8 notions ( "o1 f ! absurd pret5d] ) u :o has usurp$ ! title4 ,sac*i possess$ a lively & brilliant imag9ation4 ,:ile o!r ,h>lequ9s m]ely repeat$ !mselves1 ,sac*i1 :o always adh]$ to ! ess5ce ( ! play1 contriv$ to give an air ( fre%ness to ! piece by 8 new sallies & unexpect$ rep>tees4 ,8 comic traits & 8 je/s 7 nei!r tak5 f ! language ( ! l[] ord]s1 nor t ( ! com$ians4 ,he levi$ contributions on comic au?ors1 on poets1 orators1 & philosoph]s2 & 9 8 impromptus !y (t5 discov]$ ! ?\ghts ( ,s5eca1 ,cic]o1 or ,montaigne4 ,he possess$ ! art ( appropriat+ ! rema9s ( ^! great m5 to himself1 & ally+ !m to ! simplicity ( ! blockhead2 s t ! same proposition :i* 0 admir$ 9 a s]i\s au?or1 became highly ridicul\s 9 ! m\? ( ?is excell5t actor4 ,9 ,france ,h>lequ9 0 improv$ into a wit1 & ev5 conv]t$ into a morali/2 he is ! graceful h]o ( ,florian's *>m+ compositions1 :i* please ev5 9 ! closet4 ,?is imag9>y be+1 inv5t$ by ! ,italians1 & adopt$ by ! ,fr5*1 says ! +5i\s ,goldoni1 has ! exclusive "r ( unit+ naivet ) f9esse1 & no "o ev] surpass$ ,florian 9 ! del9eation ( ?is amphibi\s "*4 ,he has ev5 contriv$ to imp>t s5tim5t1 passion1 & morality to 8 pieces4 ,h>lequ9 mu/ be modell$ z a national "*1 ! creature ( mann]s2 & ?us ! hi/ory ( su* a ,h>lequ9 might be t ( ! age & ( ! p1 ^: g5ius he ought to repres5t4 ,! hi/ory ( a p is (t5 detect$ 9 _! popul> amusem5ts2 "o ( ^! ,italian ,pantomimic *>act]s %[s ?is4 ,!y _h a ,capitan1 :o probably orig9at$ 9 ! ,miles gloriosus ( ,plautus2 a bro!r1 at lea/1 ( our ,anci5t ,pi/ol & ,bobadil4 ,! ludicr\s names ( ?is milit>y poltroon 7 ,spav5to 7,horrid fright71 ,spezza-f] 7,%iv]-spe>71 & a trem5d\s recreant 0 ,capta9 ,spav5to de ,val inf]no4 ,:5 ,*>les ,v4 ent]$ ,italy1 a ,spani% ,capta9 0 introduc$2 a dreadful man he 0 too1 if we are to be fright5$ by names3 ,sangre e ,fuego6 & ,matamoro6 ,8 bus9ess 0 to deal 9 ,spani% rhodomontades1 to kick out ! native ,italian ,capitan1 9 complim5t to ! ,spani>ds1 & !n to take a quiet can+ f ,h>lequ91 9 complim5t to !mselves4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds lo/ _! influ5ce 9 ,italy1 ! ,spani% ,capta9 0 turn$ into ,sc>am\*1 :o /ill wore ! ,spani% dress1 & 0 p]petually 9 a panic4 ,! ,italians c\ld only av5ge !mselves on ! ,spani>ds 9 ,pantomime6 ,on ! same pr9ciple ! g[n ( ,pantaloon ov] 8 r$ wai/coat & bree*es1 commemorates a circum/ance 9 ,v5etian hi/ory expressive ( ! popul> feel+4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ,italian ,pantomime became s num]\s1 t e dramatic subject 0 easily furni%$ ) ! necess>y p]sonages ( com$y4 ,t loquaci\s p$ant1 ! ,dottore1 0 tak5 f ! lawy]s & ! physicians1 babbl+ false ,lat9 9 ! dialect ( le>n$ ,bologna4 ,scap9 0 a liv]y s]vant1 :o spoke ! dialect ( ,b]gamo1 a prov9ce prov]bially ab\nd+ ) rank intrigu+ knaves1 :o1 l ! slaves 9 ,plautus & ,t]5ce1 7 always on ! wat* to fur!r any wick$ness2 :ile ,calabria furni%$ ! booby ,giangurgello ) 8 grotesque nose4 ,molire1 x has be5 asc]ta9$1 discov]$ 9 ! ,italian !atre at ,p>is 8 ,m$ec9 malgre ,lui1 8 ,et\rdi1 8 ,l',av>e1 & 8 ,scap94 ,milan (f]$ a pimp 9 ,brighella2 ,flor5ce1 an ape ( fa%ion 9 ,gelsom9o4 ,^! & o!r ,pantomimic *>act]s1 & "s ludicr\s ones1 z ! ,t>taglia1 a spectacl$ dot>d1 a /amm]]1 & usually 9 a passion1 _h be5 gradually introduc$ by ! inv5tive p[]s ( an actor ( g5ius1 to call =? 8 own peculi> tal5ts4 ,! ,pantomimes1 or1 z !y h be5 describ$1 ! cont9ual ,masqu]ades1 ( ,ruzzante1 ) all ^! div]sifi$ p]sonages1 talk+ & act+1 =m$1 9 tru?1 a burlesque com$y4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ g5iuses ( ,italy became ! vot>ies ( ,h>lequ92 & ! ,italian ,pantomime may be said to =m a s*ool ( its own4 ,! inv5tion ( ,ruzzante 0 "o capable ( p]petual novelty4 ,_m ( ^! actors h be5 *ronicl$ ei!r = ! inv5tion ( "s comic "*1 or = _! true imitation ( nature 9 p]=m+ "s fav\rite "o4 ,"o1 already immortalis$ by hav+ lo/ 8 real "n 9 t ( ,capta9 ,matamoros1 by ^: inimitable hum\rs he became ! mo/ popul> man 9 ,italy1 inv5t$ ! ,neapolitan ,pullic9ello2 :ile ano!r1 by deep] /udy1 add$ new graces to ano!r burlesque rival4 ,"o ,con/ant9i inv5t$ ! "* ( ,mezet91 z ! ,n>cissus ( ,pantomime4 ,he act$ )\t a mask1 to *>m by ! beautiful play ( 8 c\nt5ance1 & display ! graces ( 8 figure2 ! float+ drap]y ( 8 fanciful dress c\ld be arrang$ by ! *angeable hum\r ( ! we>]4 ,cr[ds foll[$ him 9 ! /reets1 & a ,k+ ( ,pol& ennobl$ him4 ,! ,wit & ,h>lequ9 ,dom9ic sometimes d9$ at ! table ( ,l\is ,,xiv4--,tib]io ,florillo1 :o inv5t$ ! "* ( ,sc>am\*1 _h be5 ! amus+ companion ( ! boyhood ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 & f him ,molire le>nt mu*1 z appe>s by ! v]ses "u 8 portrait3-- ,cet illu/re comdi5 ,de son art traa la c>rire3 ,,ii fut le matre de ,molire1 ,et la ,nature fut le si54 ,! la/ l9es ( an epitaph on "o ( ^! ,pantomimic actors may be appli$ to _m ( !m dur+ _! fl\ri%+ p]iod3-- ,t\te sa vie il a fait rire2 ,il a fait pleur] a sa mort4 ,sev]al ( ^! admirable actors 7 lit]>y m51 :o h writt5 on _! art1 & %[n t x 0 "o4 ,! ,h>lequ9 ,cec*9i compos$ ! mo/ anci5t treatise on ?is subject1 & 0 ennobl$ by ! ,emp]or ,mat?ias2 & ,ni*olas ,b>bi]i1 = 8 excell5t act+ call$ ! ,beltrame1 a ,milanese simpleton1 9 8 treatise on com$y1 tells u t he 0 hon\r$ by ! conv]sation ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 & rew>d$ ) =tune4 ,a sket* ( ,h>lequ9's orig9al "p is wor? record+4 ,he is a mixture ( wit1 simplicity1 ignorance1 & grace1 he is a half made up man1 a great *ild ) gleams ( reason & intellig5ce1 & all 8 mi/akes & blund]s h some?+ ar* ab\t !m4 ,! true mode ( repres5t+ him is to give him suppl5ess1 agility1 ! playfulness ( a kitt5 ) a c]ta9 co>s5ess ( ext]ior1 :i* r5d]s 8 actions m absurd4 ,8 "p is t ( a fai?ful valet2 gre$y2 always 9 love2 always 9 tr\ble1 ei!r on 8 own or 8 ma/]'s acc\nt2 afflict$ & consol$ z easily z a *ild1 & ^: grief is z amus+ z 8 joy4 ,8 co/ume consi/$ ( a jacket fa/5$ 9 front ) loose ribbons1 & pantaloons ( wide dim5sions1 pat*$ ) v>i\s col\r$ pieces ( clo? sewn on 9 any fa%ion4 ,8 be>d 0 worn /raight1 & ( a black col\r2 on 8 face he _h a half black mask & 9 8 belt ( untann$ lea!r he c>ri$ a wood5 sword4 ,9 ,italy !re 7 _m v>ieties ( ,h>lequ91 ! mo/ notable be+ ,trivel91 & ,truffald94 ,! dress ( ! =m]1 in/ead ( ! pat*es symmetrically arrang$1 _h triangul> pat*es along ! seams1 & suns & moons only = pat*es4 ,he wore ! s(t hat & h>e's foot1 b did n c>ry ! wood5 sword4 ,! h>e's foot d5ot+ spe$1 has 9 all probability its orig9 9 ! w+$ cap ( ! god ,m]cury4 ,truffald9 is a species ( ,h>lequ91 :o fir/ appe>$ ab\t #aecj4 ,he repres5t$ 7truffa1 ! villa97 a sneak+ k9d ( knave1 & 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ?is "* 0 v popul>4 ,9 ,france1 ab\t #affj1 ,c>d9al ,maz>9 invit$ "o ,joseph ,dom9ique ,biancolelli1 to come to ,p>is to give ent]ta9m5ts4 ,%ortly aft] 8 arrival ,biancolelli gave q a new read+ to ! "* ( ,arle*9o1 z he made him n only a wit & pun/]1 b also a bit ( a philosoph]4 ,biancolelli's improvem5ts did n end "h1 z he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! dress ( ,arle*9o1 :i* 0 n[ made ( f9] & bett] quality1 :il/ ! p>ti-col\r$ pat*es 7 made m arti/ic & attractive4 ,on ! dea? ( ,lolatelli1 :o1 9 8 lifetime1 _h play$ a k9d ( ,arle*9o "p1 ,biancolelli succe$$ him1 & soon sprang into prom95ce1 & acquir$ a great arti/ic reputation4 ,:il/ danc+ be=e ,l\is ,,xv4 ,biancolelli contract$ a cold1 :i* set up inflammation ( ! lungs1 caus+ 8 dea?4 ,8 companions1 at ! !atre 9 :i* he p]=m$1 to m>k ! s5se ( _! great grief1 clos$ ! !atre = a mon?4 ,biancolelli di$ 9 #afhh4 ,z ,arle*9o1 ,biancolelli 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 ,pi]re1 :o play$ "u ! "n ( ,dom9ique4 ,a ,tuscan1 nam$ ,gh]>di1 :o _h obta9$ celebrity z a s+]1 0 ! next successful ,fr5* ,h>lequ94 ,9 consequ5ce ( a fall ,gh]>di met 8 dea?1 9 ! ye> #agjj4 ,ne>ly a c\ple ( decades aft]w>ds1 9 #agaf1 ,?omass9 made 8 appe>ance z ,h>lequ91 9 pieces writt5 = him by ,m>ivaux1 su* z ,le ,pr9ce ,trave/i1 ,la ,surprise de l',am\r1 & 9 :i* he appe>$ ) great success4 ,s d>+ 7 ,?omass9's tricks1 & 9 su* popul>ity 0 he held1 t1 fe>ful ( los+ _! fav\rite l ,gh]>di1 he 0 oblig$ to discont9ue !m4 ,ano!r competitor n[ arose to take ! cr[n f ,?omass91 & 9 ! p]son ( "o ,c>lo ,b]t9azzi1 commonly call$ ,c>l94 ,our actor1 ,g>rick1 0 an admir] ( ?is fam\s ,mime4 ,( ,c>l91 ,m4 ,s& speaks3--,l mo/ clev] buffoons1 he _h a v melan*oly disposition1 &1 z ) ,dom9ique1 8 gaiety 0 :at ! ,engli% t]m hum\r4 ,x belong$ to 8 m9d1 & n to 8 temp]am5t4 ,c>l9 also wrote a book entitl$1 ,les ,metamorphosis d',arlequ94 ,9 #aghc ,c>l9 di$1 & 8 place 9 ! fav\r ( ! public 0 fill$ by ,gal9etti4 ,! ,fr5* view ( ! ,engli% ,cl[n is int]e/+3 ,! ,engli% cl[n 7^: ne>e/ repres5tative on ! ,fr5* /age is ,pi]rot7 is an odd & fanta/ical be+4 ,! ,flor5t9e ,/5torella alone resembles him 9 8 je/s & tricks4 ,8 /range dress seems to h be5 tak5 f ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,x consi/s ( a :ite1 r$1 yell[1 & gre5 net "w1 ornam5t$ ) diamond-%ap$ pieces ( /uff ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,8 face is fl\r$1 & /reak$ ) pa9t a deep c>m9e2 ! =ehead is prolong$ to ! top ( ! head1 :i* is cov]$ ) a r$ wig1 f ! c5tre ( :i* a little /iff tail po9ts to ! sky4 ,8 mann]s are no less s+ul> ?an 8 co/ume4 ,he is n dumb1 l our ,pi]rot1 b1 on ! contr>y1 he su/a9s an animat$ & witty conv]sation2 he is also an acrobat1 & v exp]t 9 feats ( /r5g?4 ,m4 ,bl&elaire gives a m poetical description3 ,! ,engli% ,pi]rot is n a p]son z pale z ! moon1 my/]i\s z sil5t1 /raight & long1 l ! gall[s to :om we h be5 accu/om$ 9 ,deburean4 ,! ,engli% ,pi]rot ent]s l ! tempe/1 & tumbles l a p>cel2 8 laugh resembles joy\s ?und]4 ,he is %ort & fat2 8 face is fl\r$ & /reak$ ) pa9t2 he has a great pat* ( r$ on ea* *eek2 8 m\? is enl>g$ by prolongation ( ! lips by means ( two r$ b&s1 s t :5 he laughs 8 m\? appe>s to op5 f e> to e>4 ,! ,pi]rots--n only 9 ,france1 b on ! ,cont95t g5]ally--took all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,zanys1 ,b]toldo1 ,paggliaccio1 ,gros1 ,giullaume1 ,p$rol9o1 ,gilles1 ,corviello1 & ,peppe ,nappa1 ( ! ,italian ,com$y1 & all ow+ at lea/ _! orig9al conception to ! !atres ( ! ,greeks1 & ! ,romans4 ,on ! ,italian /age !re 0 n a pr9cipal ,cl[n l 9 ,engl&1 ! =emo/ place be+ occupi$ by ,arle*9o4 ,! f\r pr9cipal mask$ *>act]s ( ! ,italian ,com$ia del' ,arte 9 ,v5ice consi/$ ( ,t>taglia 7a /amm]]71 ,truffild9o1 ,brighella 7a repres5tative ( orators & public p]sonages71 & ,pantaloon 7a native ( ,v5ice74 ,! "n ( ,pantaloon is d]iv$ f planta-leone 7plante-lion--he plant$ ! lion74 ,! probable mean+ ( x 9 ?is p>ticul> is t ! ,v5etian m]*ants1 x is said1 9 boa/+ ( _! conque/s set up _! /&>d--! ,v5etian /&>d be+ ! lion ( ,/4 ,m>k--on v>i\s isl&s 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 & f :i* !y 7 nicknam$1 x is said1 plant lion4 ,a m probable d]ivation ( ! ^w is t ! anci5t patron sa9t ( ,v5ice is ,san ,pantaleone4 ,/4 ,pantaleone's day is ,july #bg4 ,he 0 m>tyr$ ,a4,d4 #cjc4 ,9 ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,"l ,byron1 9 ,canto ,,iv41 /anza #ad1 has t ,! ,v5etian "n ( ,pantaleone is h] v by-^w4 ,pantaloon has be51 at v>i\s times1 husb&1 fa!r1 & wid[]4 ,sometimes he is ri*1 !n poor1 & occasionally a sp5d?rift4 ,! dress t he wore consi/$ ( tight r$ bree*es1 r %ort1 a long black robe1 r$ /ock+s & wai/coat1 a little wooll5 skull-cap & slipp]s4 ,:5 ! ,v5etian republic lo/ ,negropont m\rn+ g5]ally 0 adopt$1 & ,pantaloon adopt$ x ) ! re/1 & on ! ,cont95t m\rn+ has1 ,i believe1 =m$ a compon5t "p ( ,pantaloon's dress ev] s9ce4 ,9 #agej ,d>bes1 9 ,italy1 0 "o ( ! be/ ,pantaloons4 ,d>bes1 on "o occasion1 v5tur$ to play ?is "* 9 "o ( ,goldoni *>act]s1 )\t a mask1 & :i*1 we are told1 0 a failure4 ,a simil> attempt 0 made on ! ,engli% /age1 :i* ,i h previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,m5tion has be5 previ\sly made ( females appe>+ on ! /age dur+ ! ,grecian & ,roman p]iods4 ,f ?is1 h[ev]1 !re arose on ! ,italian /age1 9 aft] ye>s1 ! ,s]vetta or ,fantesca1 a k9d ( wait+ maid1 or accompli%$ companion "p1 & call$ lat]1 9 ,france1 ,s\brette1 & ! orig9 ( :i*1 9 all probability1 c be trac$ to ! ,mimas ( ,pantomimus4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury m5tion is made ( a tr\pe ( p]=m]s kn[n z ,amorosos or ,innamortos1 appe>+ 9 ,italy4 ,^? :o only appe>$ 9 ! female p>ts 7 kn[n z ,colomb9a1 ,oliva1 ,fianetta1 ,pasquella1 & ,nespella4 ,columb9a's "p1 ! accompli%$ companion1 l ! ,vita ( ! ,indian ,drama1 0 sometimes t ( mi/ress1 & sometimes t ( maid4 ,up to #aefj wom5 7 unkn[n on ! ,italian /age4 ,9 ,engl& j "o hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,?ree g5]ations ( ! family ( ,biancolelli1 ! ,h>lequ91 gr&mo!r1 gr&-daught]1 & great gr&-daught] appe>$ z ,columb9es 9 ,france4 ,! mo/ tal5t$ 0 ,ca!r9e1 ! daught] ( ,dom9ique1 & %e made h] debut 9 #afhc1 9 ,arlequ9 ,prote1 ) great success4 ,ab\t #afie1 ,columb9e appe>$ 9 a p>ti-col\r$ g[n l a female ,h>lequ91 & 9 ! piece ,le ,ret\r de la foie de ,besons1 act$ at ! ,com$ie ,itali5e4 ,z ! innovation 0 mu* lik$1 ! "p ( ,columb9e came to be dress$ l ! ,h>lequ94 ,! ,columb9e dress$ 9 %ort musl9 skirts is a creation ( mod]n times4 ,9 ! ,fr5* ,com$ies ,columb9e 0 (t5 ,h>lequ9's wife1 b %e nev] _h ! p[]s ( a magical w&4 ,9 ! old =m ( ,pantomime !re 7 _m o!r p]sonages 9 ^! dumb %[s :i* we nev] _h 9 ! ,engli% ,pantomimes4 ,to note a few ( !m3--,! ,capta91 a bragg+ swa%-buckl]2 ! ,apo!c>y1 a half-/>v$ individual ) a r$ nose2 & a female s\brette1 :o act$ = h] mi/ress1 ,columb9e1 simil> duties z :at ,cl[n p]=m$ z valet = 8 ma/]4 ,! ,doctor br\ght at fir/ on ! /age 9 #aefj1 0 suppos$ to be a lawy] or a physician4 ,f #aefj 8 dress 0 t ( a pr(essor's1 a %ort1 black tunic1 /ock+s1 & a black mask cov]+ ! =ehead & nose4 ,ano!r1 ,faanappa1 _h a long p>rot nose1 surm\nt$ by a pair ( gre5 spectacles1 a flat hat1 ) a broad brim1 a wai/coat cov]$ ) t9sel1 & a long :ite coat ) l>ge pockets4 ,l ! ,cl[n ( our e>ly ,engli% plays1 & l 8 ance/ors1 ! ,atellans & ,mimes1 he _h ! privilege ( mak+ allusions f ! /age1 9 :at1 ,i suppose1 7 some?+ l ! ,int]ludes4 ,il ,b>one is ano!r v>iety4 ,he 0 a ,sicilian "l1 deceiv$ by 8 daught]1 & also dup$ by 8 valets4 ,il ,b>one 0 a fav\rite subject = ano!r =m ( ,mim+1 t ( ! wood5 figures call$ ,m>ionettes4 ,m>ionette ent]ta9m5ts 7 kn[n bo? to ! ,greeks & ! ,romans4 ,! adv5tures ( ,don ,juan & ,don ,giovanni1 ( ! ,italian ,op]a1 9 all probability sprang orig9ally f ! adv5tures ( ,pun* 9 ! puppet %[s4 ,puppet %[s introduc$ into ,france 7temp4 ,*>les ,,ix47 f ,italy1 :]e !y 7 & are /ill kn[n z ,fantocc9i1 by ,m>ion--h5ce _! "n--& !n into ?is c\ntry1 are m5tion$ by ,%akespe>e1 ,pepys1 ,jonson1 ,swift1 & ! ,essayi/s4 ,puppet %[s1 9 ?is c\ntry1 7 =m]ly kn[n z ,motions4 ,%akespe>e's ,antolycus frequ5t$ fairs & ! l1 & he also compos$ a ,motion ( ,! ,prodigal ,son4 ,my/]y plays 7 also repres5t$ by puppets4 ,9 ,engl&1 especially at ,b>?olomew ,fair1 !y 7 always v popul>1 & ! *ief survivor ( ?is =m ( dumb %[ is ,mr4 ,pun* ( our /reets1 ^: anci5t hi/ory ,i h briefly m5tion$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 b n t ( ,mrs4 ,pun*1 on ^: hi/ory ,i am unable--h[ev] s brief--to ?r[ any light4 ,let u n[1 de> read]1 return to ,engl&1 & trace 9 ?is c\ntry some?+ m ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,pantomime1 & = :i* we w n[ op5 ano!r *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,italian ,sc5>ios & ,engli% ,platts--,pantaloon--,t>leton1 ! ,cl[n--,extemporal ,com$y--,! ,poet ,milton--,b5 ,jonson--,! ,commonweal?--,a ,reign ( ,dramatic ,t]ror--,rob]t ,cox & 8 ,hum\rs & ,droll]ies--,! ,re/oration4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t our dramatic poet1 ,mass+]1 drew ^u ! ,italian ,com$y = ! hum\r ( "s ( 8 plays4 ,t !re 0 "s =m ( int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,italian /age is %[n by ! discov]y ( "o ( ! ,italian ,sc5>ios1 or ,platts1 z we "k !m1 at ,dulwi* ,college1 :i* discov]y ,/eev5s describes z a my/]i\s fragm5t ( anci5t /age direction1 & ( a species ( dramatic ent]ta9m5t :i* no memorial is pres]v$ 9 any annals ( ! ,engli% /age4 ,! ,platt1 writt5 9 a l>ge h&1 ,& conta9+ directions1 0 ?\ght to h be5 affix$ ne> ! prompt]'s /&1 & x has ev5 an oblong hole 9 its c5tre to admit ( be+ susp5d$ on a wood5 peg 7,disraeli74 ,on x1 & 9 a famili> way1 appe> ! names ( ! play]s1 su* z3 ,pigg1 ,:ite & ,black1 ,dick & ,sam1 ,little ,w ,b>ne1 ,jack ,gregory1 & ! ,r$-fac$ fell[4 ,a ,platt ( ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9nes1 suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ,dick ,t>leton1 ! fam\s ,cl[n1 is pres]v$1 ,i believe1 9 ,dulwi* ,college4 ,x consi/s ( a pa/ebo>d fifte5 in*es high1 & n9e 9 bread?1 & on x is writt51 9 two columns1 ! foll[+3-- ,a t5t be+ plac$ on ! /age = ,h5ry ! ,six?2 he 9 x asleep4 ,to him ! lieut5ant1 & a pursuivant 7,r4 ,c[ley1 ,jo4 ,duke71 & "o w>d] 7,r4 ,pallant74 ,to !m ,pride1 ,gluttony1 ,wra?1 & ,covet\sness at "o door2 at ano!r door ,envy1 ,slo?1 & ,le*]y4 ,! ?ree put back ! f\r1 & s exeunt4 ,h5ry awak+1 ent] a keep] 7,j4 ,s9clair71 to him a s]vant 7,t4 ,belt71 to him ,lidgate & ! keep]4 ,exit1 !n ent] aga9--!n ,envy passe? ov] ! /age4 ,lidgate speaks4 ,^! ,platts 71 9 all probability1 "o ( ! fir/ writt5 =ms ( ,pantomimic ent]ta9m5ts kn[n 9 ,engl&1 & borr[$1 z m5tion$1 f ! ,sc5>ios ( ! ,italians4 ,t =m ( home amusem5t well-kn[n 9 family circles1 ,act+ ,*>ades1 may be lik5$ to !m4 ,to get all ! in=mation t we c obta9 ( ! ,platts1 ,i am sure ,i _c d bett] ?an quote ! words ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,disraeli1 well assur$ t !y w be m acceptable ?an any ,i c make4 ,"s ( ^! ,platts are on solemn subjects1 l ! tragic ,pantomimes2 & 9 "s appe> ,pantaloon1 & 8 man ,peascod1 ) spectacles4 ,/eev5s obs]ves1 t he met ) no e>li] example ( ! appe>ance ( ,pantaloon1 z a specific "* on our /age2 & t ?is direction conc]n+ ! spectacles _c fail to rem9d ! read] ( a celebrat$ passage 9 ,z y l x4 7,sc5e #f1 ,act ,,ii474 444 ,! six? age %ifts ,into ! lean & slipp]$ pantaloon2 ,) spectacles on nose1 & p\* on side2 ,8 y\?ful hose well sav$1 a _w too wide ,= 8 %runk %ank2 & 8 big manly voice1 ,turn+ aga9 t[>d *ildi% treble1 pipes ,& :i/les 9 8 s\nd4 ,p]haps1 he adds1 ,%akespe>e alludes to ?is p]sonage1 z habit$ 9 8 own "t4 ,! old age ( ,pantaloon is m>k$ by 8 leanness1 & 8 spectacles & 8 slipp]s4 ,he always runs aft] ,h>lequ91 b _c cat* him2 z he runs 9 slipp]s & )\t spectacles1 is liable to pass him by )\t see+ him4 ,c we d\bt t ?is ,pantaloon _h come f ! ,italian !atre1 aft] :at we h already said8 ,does n ?is confirm ! conjecture1 t !re exi/$ an int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,italian !atre & our own8 ,fur!r1 ,t>leton1 ! com$ian1 celebrat$ = 8 ,extemporal wit1 0 ! writ] or inv5tor ( "o ( ^! ,platts4 ,/[ records ( "o ( our actors t he _h a quick1 delicate1 ref9$ ,extemporal wit4 ,& ,h[es1 ! cont9uator ( ,/['s ,*ronicles ( ano!r1 t he _h a wondr\s1 pl5tiful1 pleasant1 ,extemporal wit4 ,praisewor?y ref]5ce is also made ( ,t>leton 9 ,k9de-,h>t's ,dream1 #dto41 publi%$ 9 #aeib4 ,9 #afaa a book 0 publi%$ entitl$ ,t>leton's ,jea/s4 ,t>leton 0 s celebrat$ 9 8 "t t 8 portrait 0 hung out z a sign = aleh\ses4 ,to sit ) ,t>leton on an ale-po/'s signe1 obs]ves ,bi%op ,hall 9 8 satires4 ,oldys1 9 8 ,m4,s4 notes1 m5tions t ,!re is an aleh\se sign ( a tabor & pipe man1 ) ! "n ( ,t>leton "u x1 9 ! bor\gh ( ,s\?w>k1 & x 0 tak5 f ! pr9t be=e ! old #dto4 book ( ',t>leton's ,jea/s2' & ,"l ,ox=d _h a portrait ( him ) 8 tabor & pipe1 :i* 0 probably tak5 f ! pamphlet call$ ',t>leton's ,jea/s1' on ! title page ( :i* !re is a wood5 plate ( ,t>leton1 at full l5g? 9 8 ,cl[n's dress1 play+ on 8 pipe ) "o h&1 & beat+ 8 drum ) ! o!r4 ,^! actors !n 7cont9ues ,mr4 ,disraeli71 :o 7 9 ! habit ( ex]cis+ _! impromptus1 resembl$ ^? :o p]=m$ 9 ! unwritt5 com$ies ( ! ,italians4 ,gabriel ,h>vey1 ! ,ari/>*us ( ! day1 complim5ts ,t>leton = hav+ br\ght =w>d a new species ( dramatic exhibition4 ,if ?is complim5t paid to ,t>leton m]ely alludes to 8 dext]ity at extemporane\s wit 9 ! "* ( ! ,cl[n1 z my fri5d ,mr4 ,d\ce ?9ks1 ?is w\ld be suffici5t to %[ t he 0 attempt+ to introduce on our /age ! ,extemporal ,com$y ( ! ,italians1 :i* ,gabriel ,h>vey di/+ui%es z a new species4 ,z = ^! ,platts1 :i* ,i %all n v5ture to call ,sc5>ios1 !y surprise by _! b>5ess1 convey+ no notion ( ! piece itself1 ?\gh q suffici5t = ! actors4 ,!y consi/ ( m]e exits & entrances ( ! actors1 & (t5 ! real names ( ! actors are famili>ly mix$ ) ^? ( ! dramatis p]sonae4 ,/eev5s has ju/ly obs]v$1 h[ev]1 on ^! skeletons1 t al?\gh ,! drift ( ^! dramatic pieces _c be collect$ f ! m]e outl9es be=e u1 yet we mu/ n *>ge !m ) absurdity4 ,ev5 ! sc5es ( ,%akespe>e w\ld h worn z unpromis+ an aspect1 _h _! skeletons only be5 discov]$4 ,! pr9t$ ,sc5>ios ( ! ,italian !atre 7 n m intelligible2 exhibit+ only ! h9ts = sc5es4 ,?us1 ,i ?9k1 we h suffici5t evid5ce ( an int]c\rse subsi/+ betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,italian !atres1 n hi!rto suspect$2 & ,i f9d an allusion to ^! ,italian ,pantomimes1 by ! great t[n-wit ,tom ,na%1 9 8 ,pi]ce ,p5nilesse1 :i* %[s t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) _! nature4 ,he1 inde$1 exults ov] !m1 obs]v+ t our plays are hon\rable & full ( gallant resolution1 n consi/+1 l !irs1 ( ,pantaloon1 a ,zany1 & a w---e 7allud+ to ! wom5 actors ( ! ,italian /age72 b ( emp]ors1 k+s1 & pr9ces4 ,my conviction is /ill confirm$1 :5 ,i f9d t ,/eph5 ,gosson wrote ! com$y ( ,capta9 ,m>io2 x has n be5 pr9t$1 b ,capta9 ,m>io is "o ( ! ,italian *>act]s4 ,ev5 at a lat] p]iod1 ! influ5ce ( ^! p]=mances rea*$ ! greate/ "n 9 ! ,engli% ,p>nassus4 ,"o ( ! great actors & au?ors ( ^! pieces1 :o publi%$ eighte5 ( ^! irregul> productions1 0 ,&re9i1 ^: "n mu/ h ! hon\r ( be+ associat$ ) ,milton's1 = x 0 8 com$y or op]a :i* ?rew ! fir/ sp>k ( ! ,p>adise ,lo/ into ! s\l ( ! epic poet--a circum/ance :i* w h>dly be que/ion$ by ^? :o h exam9$ ! diff]5t s*emes & allegorical p]sonages ( ! fir/ project$ drama ( ,p>adise ,lo/3 nor 0 ,&re9i1 z well z _m o!rs ( ?is race ( ,italian dramati/s1 inf]ior poets4 ,! ,adamo ( ,&re9i 0 a p]sonage suffici5tly orig9al & poetical to s]ve z ! model ( ! ,adam ( ,milton4 ,! y\?ful ,engli% poet1 at its repres5tation1 c>ri$ x away 9 8 m9d4 ,wit1 inde$1 is a great travell]2 & ?us also ! ,empiric ( ,mass+] might h rea*$ u f ! ,bolognese ,dottore4 ,! late ,mr4 ,hole1 ! +5i\s writ] on ! ,arabian ,nights1 obs]v$ to me t ,molire1 x mu/ be presum$1 nev] read ,flet*]'s plays1 yet 8 ,b\rgeois ,g5tilhomme1 & ! o!r's ,noble ,g5tleman1 be> 9 "s in/ances a great resemblance4 ,bo? may h be5 drawn f ! same ,italian s\rce ( com$y :i* ,i h "h indicat$4 ,_m ye>s aft] ?is article 0 writt51 appe>$ ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,poetry1 by ,mr4 ,colli]4 ,t v labori\s inve/igator has an article on ,extemporal ,plays & ,plots1 iii41 #cic4 ,! nature ( ^! ,platts or ,plots1 he obs]ves1 ,our !atrical antiqu>ies h n expla9$4 ,! tru? is t !y nev] suspect$ _! orig9 9 ! ,italian ,sc5>ios4 ,my conjectures are amply confirm$ by ,mr4 ,colli]'s notices ( ! int]c\rse ( our play]s ) ! ,italian actors4 ,:et/one's ,heptam]on1 9 #aehb1 m5tions ,! com$ians ( ,rav5na1 :o are n ti$ to any writt5 device4 ,9 ,kyd's ,spani% ,trag$y ! ,extemporal ,art is describ$3-- ,! ,italian trag$ians 7 s %>p ( wit1 ,t 9 "o h\r ( m$itation ,!y w\ld p]=m any?+ 9 action4 ,^! ,extemporal plays 7 witness$ mu* ne>] ?an 9 ,italy--at ! ,!tre des ,itali5s at ,p>is--= "o ( ! *>act]s replies3-- ,i h se5 ! l1 ,9 ,p>is1 among ! ,fr5* trag$ians4 ,b5 ,jonson has m5tion$ ! ,italian ,extemporal ,plays1 9 8 ,case is ,alt]$2 & an ,italian comm$iante & 8 company 7 9 ,london 9 #aegh1 :o probably let our play]s into _m a secret4 ,evil times1 ) ! adv5t ( ! ,commonweal?1 soon fell ^u our !atres1 & :5 !y1 z well z plays1 7 suppress$ by ord] ( ! ,puritan ,p>liam5t1 "s ( ! actors foll[$ ! ,royali/ cause 7we d n he> ( any tak+ ! side ( ! ,p>liam5t71 & lo/ _! lives fight+ = ! k+4 ,o!rs attempt$ to enact plays 9 secret1 b ^! p]=mances m (t5 ?an n1 caus$ ! actors inc>c]ation 9 "s prison4 ,at ,holl& ,h\se1 9 ,k5s+ton1 _m ( ^! secret p]=mances1 by ! aid ( brib]y1 took place4 ,to give timely w>n+ ( ! p]=mances ,mr4 ,wright1 9 8 ,hi/oria ,hi/ronica1 m5tions t ,alex&] ,g(f1 ! woman-actor1 0 ! jackal to give notice ( "t & place to ! lov]s ( ! drama4 ,all ?is h[ev]1 c\ld n1 & w\ld n1 keep ! _s ( ! drama alive4 ,! !atres 71 we "k1 totally suppress$1 s !re might be no m plaies act$4 ,play-go]s !re 71 z ,i h %[n1 b !y nev] knew :51 9 witness+ a p]=mance1 !y might be seiz$ by ! milit>y1 to be f9$ or imprison$1 or p]haps bo?4 ,a m l5g?y reign ( ,dramatic ,t]ror ?an :at we _h at ?is p]iod1 w\ld1 9 all probability1 h left u little or no trace ( ! ,drama ( ?is c\ntry4 ,b a savi\r 0 at h&1 & t 0 ,pantomime4 ,pantomime1 z previ\sly /at$1 kept alive = ages1 aft] ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ! ,dramatic ,art1 & dur+ ! ,commonweal? ( ?is c\ntry1 x practically did ! same = u4 ,ow+ to ! exig5ces ( ! times1 "o ,rob]t ,cox1 an actor ( consid]able g5ius1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,extemporal ,com$ies ( ,italy1 inv5t$ a s]ies ( dramatic exhibitions at ! ,r$ ,bull ,!atre 7:]e ! fir/ ,engli% actress made h] appe>ance ,decemb] #h1 #affj7 & else:]e1 "u ! guise ( rope-danc+1 a numb] ( comic sc5es f ,%akespe>e1 ,%irley1 ,m>/on1 ,beaumont1 & ,flet*]1 & o!rs4 ,cox's exhibitions1 kn[n z ,hum\rs or ,droll]ies1 7 collect$ by ,m>%1 & repr9t$ 7#afgb7 by ,francis ,kirkman1 ! au?or & book-sell]4 ,?is collection is entitl$ ,! ,wits1 or ,sport ^u ,sport1 9 select pieces ( ,droll]y1 dige/$ into sc5es by way ( dialogue4 ,toge!r ) v>iety ( ,hum\rs ( sev]al nations fitt$ = ! pleasure & cont5t ( all p]sons1 ei!r 9 ,c\rt1 ,city1 ,c\ntry1 or ,camp4 ,( ^! ,hum\rs ,kirkman obs]ves1 ,z meanly z y may n[ ?9k ( ^! ,drolls1 !y 7 !n act$ by ! be/ com$ians2 &1 ,i may say1 by "s t !n exce$$ all n[ liv+2 ! incomp>able ,rob]t ,cox1 :o 0 n only ! pr9cipal actor1 b also ! contriv] & au?or ( mo/ ( ^! f>ces4 ,h[ ,i h he>d him cri$ up = 8 ,john ,swabb]1 & ,simpleton ! ,smi?2 9 :i* he be+ to appe> ) a l>ge piece ( bread & butt]1 ,i h frequ5tly kn[n sev]al ( ! female spectators & auditors to long = x2 & once t well-kn[n natural1 ,jack ,adams ( ,cl]k5well1 see+ him ) bread & butt] on ! /age1 & kn[+ him1 cri$ out1 ',cuz6 ,cuz6 give me "s6' to ! great pleasure ( ! audi5ce4 ,& s naturally did he act ! smi?'s "p1 t be+ at a fair 9 a c\ntry t[n1 & t f>ce be+ pres5t$ ! only ma/]-smi? ( ! t[n came to him1 say+1 ',well1 al?\gh y\r fa!r speaks s ill ( y1 yet :5 ! fair is done1 if y w come & "w ) me1 ,i w give y twelve p5ce a week m ?an ,i give any o!r j\rneyman4' ,?us 0 he tak5 = a smi? br$1 t 01 inde$1 z mu* ( any trade4 ,) ! dea? ( ! ,"l ,protector1 ,cromwell1 ,! m]ry rattle ( ,monk's drums com+ up ! ,gray's ,inn ,road1 welcom$ by ?\s&s ( du/y spectators1 ! return ( ,*>les ,,ii41 #affj1 & ?\gh ,*>les 0 m a lov] ( ! /age ?an ( ! drama1 ! !atre aga9 recov]$ its cr$it1 & to vigor\sly fl\ri% once m4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,introduction ( ,pantomimes to ! ,engli% ,/age--,weav]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,mimes & ,pantomimes--,weav]'s ,pantomimes--,! prejudice aga9/ ,pantomimes--,boo?'s c\nsel4 ,! ye> #agjb m>ks ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ ,pantomime introduc$ to ! ,engli% /age1 writt5 by ,john ,weav]1 a fri5d ( ,addison & ,/eele's1 & entitl$ ,tav]n ,bilk]s4 ,x 0 produc$ at ,drury ,lane4 ,! au?or 0 by pr(ession a danc+-ma/]2 8 "n is n to be f\nd 9 any biographical diction>y1 yet1 x is evid5t t ! little dapp]1 *e]ful man _h bra9s 9 8 head z well z tal5t 9 8 heels4 ,john ,weav] 0 ! son ( a ,mr4 ,weav]1 :om ! ,duke ( ,ormond1 ! ,*ancellor ( ,ox=d1 lic5s$ 9 #afgf to ex]cise ! pr(ession ( a danc+-ma/] )9 ! univ]sity4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is unkn[n1 b we fir/ he> ( him z /age-manag+ ! production ( 8 own ,pantomime at ,drury ,lane1 #agjb1 an ent]ta9m5t :i* he describ$ z "o ( danc+1 action1 & motion4 ,! latt] w\ld appe> to h be5 a failure1 z 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,mimes & ,pantomimes1 publi%$ 9 #agbh1 ,weav] /ates t 8 next attempt on simil> l9es did n take place until _m ye>s aft]w>ds--n until ! ye> #agaf1 9 fact4 ,9 #agaf ,weav] 0 back 9 ,london produc+ two burlesque ,pantomimes1 ,! ,loves ( ,m>s & ,v5us1 & ,p]seus & ,&rom$a4 ,at ,drury ,lane1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ,orpheus & ,eurydice1 & ,h>lequ9 ,turn'd ,judge1 0 produc$1 & ,cupid & ,bac*us 9 #agai4 ,weav] also wrote _m treatises on danc+1 "s ( :i* 7 highly comm5d$ by ,/eele4 ,ano!r ,pantomime ( ,weav]'s 0 ,! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is--date unc]ta9--p]=m$ by ! au?or's pupils 9 ! great room ov] ! ,m>ket-h\se1 ,%rewsbury--9 :i* t[n he _h tak5 up 8 resid5ce--9 ! ye> #agej4 ,john ,weav] di$ ,septemb] #bh?1 #agfj1 & 0 buri$ at ,/4 ,*ads1 ,%rewsbury4 ,! m5tion above ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a calls to m9d t !re 7 sev]al pieces ( ?is "n4 ,"o ( !m 0 sev]ely comm5t$ on 9 ,! ,grub-,/reet ,j\rnal ( ,april #h1 #agca4 ,its title 03--,p]seus & ,&rom$a2 or ! ,fly+ ,lov]s1 9 five ,int]ludes1 ?ree s]i\s & two comic4 ,! s]i\s compos$ by ,monsieur ,rog]1 ! comic by ,john ,weav]1 danc+-ma/]s4 ,x is only j to assign to ,weav] ! entire cr$it ( be+ ! fir/ to introduce ,pantomimes on ! ,engli% /age1 ?\gh ! au?or's orig9al b5t 0 sc5ical danc+1 or ballet danc+1 by repres5tations ( hi/orical incid5ts ) graceful motion4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,pantomimes ! au?or is c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 ^? ent]ta9m5ts :]e ,gr9 & grimace usurp ! passions & affections ( ! m9d1 & ^? :]e ,a nice address & managem5t ( ! passions take up ! ?\ghts ( ! p]=m]4 ,spectators1 says ,weav]1 9 #agcj1 or !reab\ts1 are n[ s p&]+ away _! applause on int]polations ( pseudo-play]s1 m]ry ,&rews1 tumbl]s1 & rope danc]s2 & are b r>ely t\*$ )1 or enc\rage a natural play] or j ,pantomime4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 left to ,john ,ri* to place ,pantomime on a firm foot+4 ,be=e deal+ ) ,ri* & 8 ,pantomimes1 :i* ,i %all treat ( 9 ! next *apt]1 x is appropriate "h to note h[ ,pantomimes g5]ally came to be introduc$ on ! ,engli% /age4 ,colley ,cibb] m5tions3--,ab\t ?is "t ! pat5tee 7,ri*7 hav+ v ne> f9i%$ 8 h\se 9 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields1 began to ?9k ( =m+ a new company2 &1 9 ! meantime1 f\nd x necess>y to apply = leave to employ !m4 ,by ! weak def5ce he _h always made aga9/ ! sev]al attacks ^u 8 int]e/s1 & =m] ,gov]nm5t ( ! !atre 7,drury ,lane71 x might be a "q1 if 8 h\se _h be5 ready1 9 ! ,que5's 7,anne7 "t1 :e!r he w\ld !n h _h ! _s to ask1 or int]e/ en\gh to obta9 leave to use x2 b 9 ! foll[+ reign1 z x did n appe> he _h done any?+ to =feit ! "r ( 8 pat5t1 he prevail$ ) ,mr4 ,craggs1 ! y\ng]1 to lay 8 case be=e ! k+1 :i* he did 9 s effectual a mann] t 7z ,mr4 ,craggs himself told me7 8 ,maje/y 0 pleas$ to say ^u x1 ,t he rememb]$ :5 he _h be5 9 ,engl& be=e1 9 ,k+ ,*>les's "t1 !re _h be5 two !atres 9 ,london2 & z ! pat5t seem$ to be a lawful grant1 he saw no reason :y two play-h\ses might n be cont9u$4 ,! susp5sion ( ! pat5t be+ ?us tak5 (f1 ! y\ng] multitude seem$ to call al\d = two play-h\ses6 ,_m desir$ ano!r1 f ! common notion1 t two w\ld always create emulation1 9 ! actors4 ,o!rs too 7 z eag] = !m1 f ! natural ill-w t foll[s ! =tunate or prosp]\s 9 any und]tak+4 ,( ?is l[ malevol5ce we _h1 n[ & !n1 rem>kable in/ances2 we _h be5 =c$ to dismiss an audi5ce ( a hundr$ & fifty p\nds1 f a di/urbance spirit$ up1 by obscure p1 :o nev] gave any bett] reason = x ?an t x 0 _! fancy to support ! idle compla9t ( "o rival actress aga9/ ano!r1 9 _! sev]al pret5sions to ! *ief "p 9 a new trag$y4 ,b z ?is tumult seem$ only to be ! wantonness ( ,engli% lib]ty1 ,i %all n presume to lay any fur!r c5sure ^u x4 ,n[1 not)/&+ ?is public desire ( re-e/abli%+ two h\ses2 & ?\gh ,i h all[$ ! =m] actors greatly our sup]iors2 & ! manag]s ,i am speak+ ( n to h be5 )\t _! private errors1 yet "u all ^! disadvantages1 x is c]ta91 ! /age1 = tw5ty ye>s be=e ?is "t1 _h nev] be5 9 s fl\ri%+ a condition4 ,b1 9 :at ,i h said1 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to be an advocate = two play-h\ses2 = we %all soon f9d t two sets ( actors1 tol]at$ 9 ! same place1 h con/antly end$ 9 ! corruption ( ! !atre2 ( :i* ! auxili>y ent]ta9m5ts1 t h s b>b>\sly suppli$ ! defects ( weak action1 h1 = "s ye>s pa/1 be5 a flagrant in/ance2 x may n1 !re=e1 be "h improp] to %ew h[ our *ildi% ,pantomimes fir/ came to take s gross a possession ( ! /age4 ,i h ^u sev]al occasions1 already obs]v$1 t :5 "o company is too h>d = ano!r1 ! l[] 9 reputation has always be5 =c$ to exhibit f9e newfangl$ fopp]y1 to draw ! multitude aft] !m2 ( ^! exp$i5ts1 s++ & danc+ _h =m]ly be5 mo/ effectual2 b1 at ! "t ,i am speak+ (1 our ,engli% music _h be5 s disc\nt5anc$ s9ce ! ta/e ( ,italian ,op]as prevail$1 t x 0 to no purpose to pret5d to x4 ,danc+1 !re=e1 0 n[ ! only weight1 9 ! opposite scale1 & z ! new !atre sometimes f\nd _! acc\nt 9 x1 x c\ld n be safe = u :olly to neglect x4 ,cibb]'s antagoni/ical views t[>ds ,pantomime 7 %>$1 z we %all see1 by a good _m o!rs4 ,boo?1 h[ev]1 a great] actor ?an ,cibb]1 & a trag$ian to boot1 took a m bus9ess-l view ( ! proce$+s1 ?9k+ ?9 h\ses ! greate/ indignity ! /age c\ld suff]4 ,m5 ( ta/e & judgm5t 7said he7 mu/ necess>ily =m b a small proportion ( ! spectators at a !atre1 & if a great] numb] ( p 7 entic$ to sit out a play because a ,pantomime 0 tack$ to x1 ! ,pantomime did good s]vice to all conc]n$4 ,besides1 if p ( position & ta/e c\ld1 if s m9d$1 leave be=e ! nons5se comm5c$--an opportunity !y d n seem to h embrac$ s9ce ,boo? rem9d$ ! oppon5ts ( ,pantomime h[ ,italian op]a _h drawn ! nobility & g5try away f ! play-h\ses1 z appe>$ by ! melan*oly te/imony ( _! receipts1 until ,pantomime came to ! rescue :5 pit & gall]y 7 bett] fill$1 & ! boxes too put on a nobl] appe>ance4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,john ,ri* & 8 ,pantomimes--,ri*'s ,mim+---,g>rick1 ,walpole1 ,foote--,anecdotes ( ,ri*--,pope--,! dance ( inf]nals 9 ,h>lequ9 ,sorc]]--,drury ,lane--,colley ,cibb]--,h5ry ,field+1 ! ,noveli/--,contempor>y ,writ]s' op9ion ( ,pantomime--,woodw>d1 ! ,h>lequ9--,! mean+ ( ! ^w ,actor--,h>lequ9s--,dr4 ,fau/us1 a description--,william ,rufus ,*etwood--,accid5ts--,v&]m]e1 ! ,h>lequ9--,orpheus & ,eurydice at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,a description--,sam4 ,hoole1 ! ma*9i/--,prejudice aga9/ ,pantomime--,mrs4 ,oldfield--,rob]t ,wilks--,mackl9--,riot at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre--,dea? ( ,ri*4 ,x 0 9 #agag t ,ri* devis$ ?is new =m ( ent]ta9m5t1 ?\gh x 0 n till #agbd1 :5 ,! ,necromanc]1 or ,hi/ory ( ,dr4 ,fau/us 0 produc$ by ,ri*1 :i* took ! t[n by /orm1 t ,pantomime became su* a rage4 ,x has be5 /at$ t :at induc$ ,ri* to turn 8 att5tion to ,pantomime 0 ! br++ ov] ( a ,g]man1 nam$ ,sw>tz1 :o _h two p]=m+ dogs t c\ld dance4 ,!y 7 engag$ at #aj a night2 & br\ght full h\ses4 ,h[ev]1 be ?is z x may1 9 ! ,daily ,c\rant1 ( ,decemb] #bj1 #agag1 we f9d him1 adv]tis+ = 8 ,italian ,mimic ,sc5es--z he1 = long en\gh1 s t]m$ 8 ,pantomimes--z foll[s3-- ,h>lequ9 ,execut$3 a new ,italian ,mimic ,sc5e betwe5 a ,sc>am\*1 a ,h>lequ91 a ,c\ntry ,f>m]1 8 ,wife1 & o!rs4 ,( ,ri* & 8 e>ly ,pantomimes1 ,davies obs]ves3-- ,john ,ri* 0 ! son ( ,*ri/oph] ,ri*1 =m]ly pat5tee ( ,drury ,lane ,!atre1 & he imbib$ f 8 fa!r a dislike ( p ) :om he 0 oblig$ to live & conv]se4 ,8 fa!r wi%$ to acquire weal? by ,fr5* danc]s & ,italian s+]s1 ?an by ! unit$ skill ( ! mo/ accompli%$ com$ians4 ,! son inh]it$ ! same ta/e1 & :5 he came into ! pat5t1 ) 8 bro!r ,*ri/oph]1 ( ,drury ,lane1 & aft] hav+ ineffectually tri$ 8 tal5t = act+ 9 ! "p ( ! ,e>l ( ,essex1 & o!r important *>act]s1 he appli$ himself to ! /udy ( ,pantomimical repres5tations at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre4 ,to retrieve ! cr$it ( 8 !atre ,ri* creat$ a species ( dramatic composition unkn[n to ?is1 &1 ,i believe1 to any o!r c\ntry1 :i* he call$ ,pantomime4 ,x consi/$ ( two p>ts1 "o s]i\s1 ! o!r comic2 by ! help ( gay sc5es1 f9e habits1 gr& dances1 appropriate music1 & o!r decorations1 he exhibit$ a /ory f ,ovid's ,metamorphosis1 or "s o!r fabul\s hi/ory4 ,betwe5 ! pauses ( ! acts he int]wove a comic fable1 consi/+ *iefly ( ! c\rt%ip ( ,h>lequ9 & ,columb9e1 ) a v>iety ( surpris+ adv5tures & tricks1 :i* 7 produc$ by ! magic w& ( ,h>lequ92 su* z ! sudd5 trans=mation ( palaces & temples to huts & cottages2 ( m5 & wom5 into :eelb>r[s & jo9t /ools2 ( trees turn$ to h\ses2 colonnades to b$s ( tulips2 & me*anics' hops into s]p5ts & o/ri*es4 ,x is a mo/ rem>kable fact t ! ,pantomimes t ,ri* br\ght out1 all ( !m c\ld be writt5 d[n z successes4 ,9 ! exhibition ( 8 ,pantomimes1 ,mr4 ,ri* always display$ ! greate/ ta/e4 ,he _h also acquir$ a consid]able reputation z a p]=m] ( ! motley h]o "u ! "n ( ,lun ,junr1 z he 0 s designat$ on ! bills at t "t1 & he 0 ! fir/ p]=m] :o r5d]$ ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 at all intelligible 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,to o!rs he taught ! art ( sil5t1 b expressive1 action1 ! int]pret] ( ! m9d4 ,feel+ 0 pre-em95t 9 8 ,mim+2 & he us$ to r5d] ! sc5e ( a sep>ation ) ,columb9e z graphic z x 0 affect+4 ,excell5t 7 8 /atue sc5es & 8 cat*+ ! butt]fly2 s also 7 8 o!r dumb %[ p]=mances4 ,( ,ri*1 ,g>rick wrote3-- ,:5 ,lun appe>$ ) mat*less art & :im1 ,he gave ! p[] ( spee* to e limb2 ,?\gh mask$ & mute convey$ 8 quick int5t1 ,& told 9 frolic's ge/ures all he meant4 ,ri*1 h[ev]1 err$ 9 ?9k+ himself a bett] actor ?an a ,pantomimi/2 &1 9 fact1 he ?\ght himself a f9] actor ?an ! great ,g>rick himself4 ,y %\ld see me play ,ri*>d6 0 a fav\rite cry ( 84 ,9 #aghb1 aft] see+ ! ,pantomime ( ,rob9son ,crusoe1 ,walpole said1 ,h[ unlike ! ,pantomimes ( ,ri*1 :i* 7 full ( wit1 & coh]5t1 & c>ri$ on by a /ory4 ,z ,i h %[n above1 ,ri* _h1 l _m o!r p1 8 own p>ticul> little idiosyncrasies1 & :5 9 ! season #agdf-g he nett$ ne>ly #i1jjj f 8 ,pantomimes1 to ! *agr9 ( ,g>rick & ,qu91 he 0 v angry & mu* annoy$ because he1 z ,h>lequ91 _h contribut$ little or no?+4 ,ano!r mann]ism ( 8 0 to despise ! regul> drama on ^! occasions1 & he has be5 kn[n to look at ! pack$ audi5ce ?r\gh a small hole 9 ! curta91 & !n ejaculate1 ,ah6 y are !re1 y fools1 are y8 ,mu* good may x d y6 ,ri* us$ to address ev]yone z ,mi/]4 ,on "o occasion ,foote1 be+ inc5s$ at be+ s address$1 ask$ ,ri* :y he did n call him by 8 "n4 ,don't be angry1 says ,ri*1 ,i sometimes =get my own "n4 ,i "k1 repli$ ,foote1 t y c't write y\r own "n1 b ,i wond] y %\ld =get x4 ,! fir/ ( ,ri*'s successes 0 ,h>lequ9 ,sorc]]4 ,on its production ,pope wrote3-- ,behold a sob] sorc]] rise ,swift to ^: w& a w+$ volume flies2 ,all sudd51 gorgon's hiss & dragon's gl>e1 ,& t5 horn$ fi5ds & giants ru% to w>4 ,hell rises1 heav5 desc5ds1 & dance on e>?1 ,gods1 imps & mon/]s1 music1 rage & mir?1 ,a fire1 a jig1 a battle1 & a ball1 ,till "o wide conflagration swall[s all2 ,!nce a new _w to nature's laws unkn[n1 ,breaks out refulg5t ) a heav5 its own2 ,ano!r ,cyn?ia h] new j\rney runs1 ,& o!r planets circle aft] suns4 ,! =e/s dance1 ! riv]s upw>ds rise1 ,:ales sport 9 woods1 & dolph9s 9 ! skies2 ,at la/1 to give ! :ole creation grace1 ,lo6 "o va/ egg produces human race4 ,( ,h>lequ91 9 ,h>lequ9 ,sorc]]1 be+ hat*$ f an egg by ! rays ( ! sun4 ,?is has be5 call$ a ma/]-piece ( ,ri*'s ,mim+ ,f ! fir/ *ipp+ ( ! egg 7says ,jackson7 8 receiv+ ( motion1 8 feel+ ( ! gr\nd1 8 /&+ upright1 to 8 quick ,h>lequ9 trip r\nd ! empty %ell1 ?r\gh ! :ole progression1 e limb _h its tongue1 & e motion a voice4 ,z probably occurr+ 9 ,h>lequ9 ,sorc]]1 !re is an amus+ incid5t4 ,! belief 9 ! possibility ( a sup]natural appe>ance on ! /age exi/$ 7says an old writ]7 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,a dance ( inf]nals hav+ to be exhibit$1 !y 7 repres5t$ 9 dresses ( black & r$1 ) fi]y eyes & snaky locks1 & g>ni%$ ) e p5dage ( horror4 ,!y 7 twelve 9 numb]4 ,9 ! middle ( _! p]=mance1 :ile int5t ^u ! figure 9 :i* !y _h be5 completely practis$1 an actor ( "s hum\r1 :o _h be5 accommodat$ ) a sp>e dress1 appe>$ among !m4 ,he 01 if possible1 m t]rific ?an ! re/1 & seem$ to ! behold]s z design$ by ! conductor = ! pr9cipal fi5d4 ,8 fell[ furies took ! al>m2 !y knew he did n belong to !m1 & !y judg$ him an inf]nal 9 e>ne/4 ,_! fe>s 7 excit$1 a g5]al panic ensu$1 & ! :ole gr\p fl$ diff]5t ways2 "s to _! dress+-rooms1 & o!rs1 ?r\gh ! /reets1 to _! own homes1 9 ord] to avoid ! de/ruction :i* !y believ$ to be com+ ^u !m1 = ! pr(ane mock]y !y _h be5 guilty (4 ,! odd devil 0 non inv5tus4 ,he took himself invisibly away1 ?r\gh fe>s ( ano!r k9d4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 se5 by _m1 9 imag9ation1 to fly ?r\gh ! ro( ( ! h\se1 & !y fanci$ !mselves almo/ suffocat$ by ! /5* he _h left beh9d4 ,! confusion ( ! audi5ce is sc>cely to be describ$4 ,!y retir$ to _! families1 in=m+ !m ( ?is suppos$ appe>ance ( ! devil1 ) _m ( 8 additional frolics 9 ! exploit4 ,s ?or\ghly 0 its reality believ$ t e (ficial assurance :i* c\ld be made ! foll[+ day did n entirely c\nt]act ! idea4 ,! explanation 0 giv5 by ,ri* himself1 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 fri5d ,b5craft1 ! contriv]1 & p]haps ! actor ( ! s*eme1 :i* he design$ only z an innoc5t affair1 to confuse ! danc]s1 )\t adv]t+ to ! s]i\s consequ5ces :i* succe$$4 ,i h met ) ano!r au?or1 :o1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is transaction1 places x z a mu* e>li] p]iod1 & says x 0 dur+ ! p]=mance ( ,dr4 ,fau/us1 & t :5 ! devil took flight he c>ri$ away ) him ! ro( ( ! !atre4 ,?is /ory may be allud$ to 9 a v curi\s "w1 entitl$1 ,! ,blacke ,booke 7a prop] depository71 ,london1 pr9t$ 9 black lett]1 by ,t4,c4 = ,jeff]y ,*orlton1 #afjd4 ,! light burn+ s]jant ,lucif] says ( "o1 runn+ away ?r\gh fe> ( fire at a bro!l1 ,hee _h a head ( hayre l "o ( my divells 9 ',doctor ,fau/us1' :5 ! olde !atre crakt & fright$ ! audi5ce4 ,emulat+ ,ri*1 ,drury ,lane !n foll[$ ) ,m>s & ,v5us1 ( :i* ,colley ,cibb] says3 ,0 =m$ into some?+ m ?an motion )\t mean+ into a connect$ pres5tation ( dances 9 "*1 :]e9 ! passions 7 s happily express$1 & ! :ole /ory s intelligibly told by a mute n>ration ( ge/ure only1 t ev5 ?9k+ spectators all[$ x to be bo? a pleas+ & a rational ent]ta9m5t2 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 f our di/ru/ ( its reception we dur/ n v5ture to decorate x ) any extraord9>y exp5se ( sc5es or habits2 b ^u ! success ( ?is attempt x 0 rightly conclud$ t if a visible exp5se 9 bo? 7 add$ to some?+ ( ! same nature1 x c\ld n fail ( draw+ ! t[n proportionately aft] x4 ,f ?is orig9al h9t !re 7b e way unequal to x7 sprang =? t succession ( mon/r\s m$lies1 t h s long infe/$ ! /age1 & :i* arose ^u "o ano!r alt]nately1 at bo? h\ses1 outvy+ 9 exp5se1 l cont5d+ bribes on bo? sides at an election1 to secure a majority ( ! multitude4 ,if ,i am ask$ 7aft] condemn+ ^! fool]ies myself7 h[ ,i came to ass5t or cont9ue my %>e ( exp5se to !m8 ,i h no bett] excuse = my error1 ?an confess+ x4 ,i did x aga9/ my consci5ce1 & _h n virtue en\gh to />ve by oppos+ a multitude t w\ld h be5 too h>d = me4 7,! ,drama's laws ! ,drama's patrons give1 has always be5 an axiom ( ! /age2 & wor?y ,colley ,cibb]1 not)/&+ 8 antagonism1 & ! rivalry ( ,ri*1 _h too good a k ( ?is truism n to d o!rwise b foll[ ! popul> voice47 ,not)/&+ !n 7,cibb] cont9ues7 ?is1 our compliance ) ! vulg> ta/e1 we g5]ally made use ( ^! ,pantomimes1 b z crut*es to our weake/ plays4 ,nor 7 we s lo/ to all s5se ( :at 0 valuable1 z to di%onor our be/ au?ors 9 su* bad company4 ,we /ill _h a due respect to sev]al select plays1 t 7 able to be _! own support2 & 9 :i* we f\nd con/ant acc\nt1 )\t pa9t+ & pat*+ !m out4444 ,x is a reproa* to a s5sible p to let folly s quickly gov]n _! pleasures4 ,h5ry ,field+1 ! noveli/1 0 "o ( ,h>lequ9's assailants4 ,! comic "p ( ! ,engli% ,pantomimes1 he says1 be+ dull] ?an any?+ be=e %[n on ! /age c\ld only be set (f by ! sup]lative dulness ( ! s]i\s portion1 9 :i* ! gods & goddesses 7 s insuff]ably t$i\s1 t ,h>lequ9 0 always a relief f /ill worse company4 ,eag] = !atrical re=m1 ! ,weekly ,miscellany ( #agcb1 said t plays 7 n int5d$ = tradesm51 & d5\nc$ ,pantomimes z infam\s4 ,ano!r competitor1 :o ent]$ ! li/s aga9/ ,ri*1 0 ,?ormond1 a danc+-ma/]1 & at ,drury ,lane ,!atre he produc$ ,dr4 ,fau/us1 9 #agcc4 ,speak+ ( ?is ,pantomime1 ,pasqu9 m5tions t ,an acc\nt is v hone/ly publi%$1 to save p ! tr\ble ( go+ to see x4 ,9 a ,pantomime produc$ at ,drury ,lane 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 !re 7 ,mackl91 ,!o4 ,cibb] 7:o ultimately lo/ 8 life by %ipwreck 9 ! ,iri% ,sea1 9 company ) a tr\pe ( ,pantomimi/s71 ,mrs4 ,clive1 & ,mrs4 ,cibb]4 ,at ! p]=mance x 0 ann\nc$ t ! money paid w\ld be return$ to anyone :o w5t out be=e ! ov]ture2 b no "o avail$ !mselves ( ! concession4 ,comm5t+ on ! occurr5ce1 a contempor>y writ] obs]ves3--,happy is x t we live 9 an age ( ta/e1 :5 ! dumb eloqu5ce & natural wit & hum\r ( ,h>lequ9 are ju/ly pref]r$ to ! :9+ ( ,trag$y1 or ! vulg>ity ( ,com$y4 ,g>rick1 at ,drury ,lane1 f9d+ 8 audi5ce ) no he>t = trag$y1 & t !y mu/ h ,pantomime1 v wisely said1 ,if y won't come to ',le>' & ',hamlet1' ,i mu/ give y ,h>lequ94 ,& ,h>lequ9 he did give !m1 9 ! p]son ( ,woodw>d1 "o ( ! be/ ( ,h>lequ9s t ev] trod ! /age4 ,a contempor>y pr9t ( ! "t1 repres5ts ,woodw>d be+ weigh$ 9 "o scale1 ) all ! great actors ( ! day 9 ! o!r1 & ,woodw>d makes !m all kick ! beam4 ,to satirise ! prevail+ fa%ion1 ,g>rick p5n$ ! foll[+3-- ,!y 9 ! drama f9d no joys1 ,b doat on mimicry & toys2 ,?us1 :5 a dance is on my bill1 ,nobility my boxes fill2 ,or s5d ?ree days be=e ! "t ,to cr[d a new-made ,pantomime4 ,g>rick's success1 h[ev]1 01 ,i am ( op9ion1 und\bt$ly ow+ to 8 be+ su* a clev] ,pantomimi/4 ,we saw him1 says ,grimm1 play ! dagg] sc5e 9 ',macbe?' 9 a room 9 8 ord9>y dress1 )\t any /age illusion2 &1 z he foll[$ ) 8 eyes ! air-drawn dagg]1 he became s gr& t ! assembly broke into a cry ( g5]al admiration4 ,:o w\ld believe t ?is same man1 a mom5t aft]1 c\nt]feit$1 ) equal p]fection1 a pa/ry cook's boy1 :o1 c>ry+ a tray ( t>tlets on 8 head1 & gap+ ab\t him at ! corn] ( ! /reet1 lets 8 tray fall1 &1 at fir/ /upifi$ by ! accid5t1 bur/s at la/ into a fit ( cry+8 ,all our great actors h be5 good ,mimics1 & h]e91 d\btless1 lies ! secret ( _! success4 ,! m]e intonation ( words unaccompani$ by a /rict k ( t dumb1 sil5t language1 ,pantomime1 is only p>rot+4 ,h]e91 !re=e1 lies ! true imitativ5ess ( ! actor1 & ! natural =m ( act+4 ,! ^w actor ,is a "n only giv5 to ! p]sons 9 a dramatic "w1 because !y ought to be 9 cont9ual action dur+ ! p]=mance ( x4 ,x does n mean t ! actor is to /& /ill1 & to be 9 action only ) 8 tongue :5 speak+ 8 l9es4 ,no6 he be>s ! hon\r$ "n ( actor1 & he %\ld br+ ! full p[] ( ge/ure language--,pantomime--t he has at 8 control into play 9 ord] to be conv9c+ 9 ! "* t1 = ! "t be+1 he is4 ,action 7m5tions ,bett]ton1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,/age1 #agda71 c nev] be 9 its p]fection b on ! /age4 ,action1 inde$1 has a natural excell5ce 9 x sup]ior to all o!r qualities2 action is motion1 & motion is ! support ( nature1 :i* )\t x w\ld s9k into ! sluggi% mass ( *aos4 ,life is motion1 & :5 t ceases1 ! human body s beautiful1 nay s div9e1 :5 enliv5$ by motion1 becomes a dead & putrid corpse1 f :i* all turn _! eyes4 ,! eye is caught by any?+ 9 motion1 b passes ov] ! sluggi% & motionless ?+s z n ! pleas+ object ( its view4 ,! natural p[] ( motion1 or action1 is ! reason t ! att5tion ( ! audi5ce is fix$ by any irregul>1 or ev5 fanta/ic action1 on ! /age1 ( ! mo/ indiff]5t play]2 & sup9e & dr[sy :5 ! be/ actor speaks )\t ! addition ( action4 ,! /age ought to be ! seat ( passion 9 its v>i\s k9ds1 &1 !re=e1 ! actors ought to be ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! :ole nature ( ! affections1 & habits ( ! m9d1 or else !y w nev] be able to express !m ju/ly 9 _! looks & ge/ures1 z well z 9 ! tone ( _! voice & mann] ( utt]ance4 ,!y mu/ "k !m 9 _! v>i\s mixtures1 z !y are diff]5tly bl5d$ toge!r 9 ! diff]5t *>act]s !y repres5t2 & !n t excell5t rule 9 ! ,essay on ,poetry w be ( equal use to ! poet & play]3-- ,:o mu/ look )9 to f9d ,^! secret turns ( ,nature 9 ! m9d2 ,)\t ?is "p 9 va9 w\ld be ! :ole1 ,& b a body all )\t a s\l8 ,a few words m j to lay fur!r /ress on ! importance ( ,pantomime1 & !n to return to our ,hi/ory4 ,take any "p 9 any play1 /rip f x 9 its enactm5t ! :ole ( its ge/ure language1 c\ld we realise t ! actor appe>+ 9 x 0 portray+ nature = u8 ,replace ! ,pantomime s ess5tial to ! "p1 & ! "* becomes--or r %\ld become if prop]ly play$--a creature ( fle% & blood ! same z ourselves4 ,pantomime1 on ! o!r h&1 does n require words to be spok5 to express its mean+1 z x is q expressible )\t4 ,a contempor>y acc\nt ( ! production ( ! ,pantomime ,h>lequ9 ,dr4 ,fau/us1 at ,drury ,lane ,!atre1 =ms int]e/+ read+1 9 addition to provid+ a contra/ ) pres5t-day ,pantomime4 ,e action is execut$ to diff]5t agreeable music1 s adapt$ t x prop]ly expresses :at is go+ =w>d2 9 ! ma*9]y !re is some?+ s highly surpris+ t words _c give a full idea ( x4 ,! effects describ$ seem to be m>vell\s1 consid]+ ! /ate ( !atrical me*anism4 ,a devil rid+ on a fi]y dragon rides swiftly across ! /age4 ,two c\ntry m5 & wom5 ent] to be told _! =tunes1 :5 ,dr4 ,fau/us waves 8 w&1 & f\r pictures turn out ( ! sc5es opposite1 repres5t+ a judge & a soldi]1 a dress$ lady1 & a lady 9 rid+ habit2 ! sc5e *anges to ! outside ( a h&some h\se1 :5 ! l\t+ m51 runn+ 91 place _! backs aga9/ ! door4 ,! front ( ! h\se turns1 & at ! same in/ant ! ma*9e turns1 a supp] ready dress$ rises up4 ,! c\ntrym5's wives rema9 ) ! ,doctor1 :o 7aft]w>ds7 goes out4 ,he beckons ! table1 & x foll[s him4 ,pun*1 ,sc>am\*1 & ,pi]rot are next met by ! ,doctor1 :o invites !m into a banquet4 ,! table asc5ds into ! air4 ,he waves 8 w&1 & asses' e>s appe> at ! sides ( _! heads4 ,a usur] l5d+ money to ,dr4 ,fau/us dem&s a limb z security1 & cuts (f ! ,doctor's leg1 sev]al legs appe> on ! sc5e1 & ! ,doctor /rikes a woman's leg ) 8 w&1 :i* imm$iately flies f ! re/1 & fixes to ! ,doctor's /ump1 :o dances ) x ridicul\sly4 ,! next sc5e op5s1 disclos+ ! ,doctor's /udy4 ,he ent]s affright$1 & ! clock /rikes "o2 ! figures ( ,"t & ,dea? appe>4 ,sev]al devils ent] & te> him 9 pieces1 "s s9k1 "s fly out1 ea* be>+ a limb ( him4 ,! la/1 :i* is ! gr& sc5e1 is ! mo/ magnific5t t ev] appe>$ on ! ,engli% /age--all ! gods & goddesses discov]$ ) ! apo!osis ( ,diana1 asc5d+ into ! air4 ,! tricks t =m$ "p & p>cel ( ! ,pantomimes1 9 caus+ surprise & wond]m5t1 plac$ ,h>lequ91 = 8 extraord9>y feats1 9 ! fir/ rank ( magicians4 ,(t5times1 h[ev]1 !y 7 ! cause ( _m accid5ts4 ,*etwood--,william ,rufus ,*etwood--:o _h1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 a booksell]'s %op 9 ,cov5t ,g>d51 & 01 = tw5ty ye>s1 prompt] = ,drury ,lane1 a writ] ( f\r plays1 & a volume ( sket*es ( ! actors :om he _h met1 says3--,a tumbl] at ! ,haym>ket beat ! brea? out ( 8 body by an accid5t1 & :i* rais$ su* vocif]\s applause t la/$ ! poor man's life1 = he nev] brea!d m4 ,inde$1 8 wife _h ?is com=t1 :5 ! tru? 0 kn[n1 pity succe$$ to ! ro> ( applause4 ,ano!r accid5t occurr$ 9 ! ,pantomime ( ',dr4 ,fau/us' 7previ\sly ref]r$ to71 at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre1 :]e a ma*9e 9 ! work+ ?rew ! mock ,pi]rot d[n headlong ) su* =ce t ! poor man broke a plank on ! /age ) 8 fall1 & expir$2 ano!r 0 sorely maim$ t he did n survive _m days2 & a ?ird1 "o ( ! s(t] sex1 broke h] ?igh4 ,v&]m]e1 ! ,h>lequ91 "o ( ! mo/ agile t ev] trod ! /age1 on "o occasion1 9 ! pursuit by ! ,cl[n1 leap$ ?r\gh a w9d[ on to ! /age1 a full ?irte5 feet4 ,p]=m+ at ! ,dubl9 !atre "o night1 hav+ a prodigi\s leap to make1 ! p]sons beh9d ! sc5es n be+ ready to receive him 9 ! cu/om>y blanket1 he fell ^u ! /age & 0 badly bruis$4 ,?is accid5t occasion$ him to take a solemn oa? t he w\ld nev] take ano!r leap ^u ! /age2 nor did he violate 8 oa?1 = :5 he aft]w>ds play$ ,h>lequ9 ano!r actor ( 8 size1 & ( consid]able activity 0 equipp$ ) ! p>ti-col\r$ habit1 & :5 a leap 0 necess>y ,v&]m]e pass$ (f on "o side ( ! /age z ,dawson--,v&]m]e's und]/udy--ent]$ at ! o!r1 & und]took x4 ,h[ little d we "k ( ! tragic end+ ( ^! poor unhappy ,pantomimi/s' lives4 ,_! names ev5 h n be5 h&$ d[n to u1 & !y1 l probably _m m ) ^: quips & quiddities we h laugh$ at ) inf9ite ze/1 h long s9ce gone to t b\rne f :5ce no travell] returns1 & p]haps1 unwept1 unhon\r$1 & unsung4 ,on ,febru>y #ab1 #agci1 ,ri* produc$1 at ,cov5t ,g>d5 7op5$ 9 ,decemb] #agcb1 ) ,congreve's ,way ( ! ,_w71 ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,on ! m\nt+ some?+ l #b1jjj 7 sp5t4 ,ri* devis$ ! sc5>io & comic sc5es4 ,lewis ,!obald wrote ! libretto1 & ,george ,lamb]t--f\nd] ( ! ,beef/eak ,club--pa9t$ ! sc5]y4 ,hippisley play$ ,cl[n1 ,manag] ,ri* 0 ! ,h>lequ91 & ,signor ,grimaldi1 fa!r ( ! celebrat$ ,mime1 to be not$ fur!r on1 0 ! ,pantaloon4 ,?is is ! fir/ in/ance ( a memb] ( ! ,grimaldi family 7says ,mr4 ,w4,j4 ,lawr5ce7 appe>+ 9 ,engli% ,pantomime4 ,! foll[+ 0 ! argum5t & ! curi\s arrangem5t ( ! sc5es3--,int]lude ,i4--,rhodope1 ,que5 ( ,?race1 practis+ art magic1 makes love to ,orpheus4 ,he rejects h] love4 ,%e is enrag$4 ,a s]p5t appe>s :o receives ,rhodope's comm&s1 & ^! end$1 glides (f ! /age4 ,"h ! comic "p beg9s4 ,9 ! ,op]a 7z practically x 07 a sc5e takes place betwe5 ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,eurydice's heel is pi]c$ by ! s]p5t1 beh9d ! sc5es4 ,%e dies on ! /age--aft] :i* ! comic "p is cont9u$4 ,int]lude ,,ii4 ,sc5e3 ,hell4 ,pluto & ,orpheus ent]4 ,orpheus prevails on ,pluto to re/ore ,eurydice to him4 ,ascalox tells ,orpheus t ,eurydice %all foll[ him1 b t if he %\ld look back at h] be=e !y %all h pass$ ! b\nds ( ,hell1 %e w die aga94 ,orpheus turns back to look = ,eurydice1 ,fi5ds c>ry h] away4 ,aft] ?is ! comic "p is resum$4 ,int]lude ,,iii4--,orpheus aga9 rejects ,rhodope's solicitations4 ,dep>ts4 ,! sc5e draws1 & discov]s ,orpheus sla94 ,sev]al ,baccants ent] 9 a triumphant mann]4 ,!y br+ 9 ! lyre & *aplet ( ,orpheus4 ,rhodope /abs h]self4 ,! piece concludes ) ! rema9d] ( ! comic "p4 ',! ,scots ,magaz9e' = ,m>*1 #agdj1 says3--',orpheus & ,eurydice' draws ! :ole t[n to ,cov5t ,g>d51 :e!r = ! ,op]a itself 7! words ( :i* are mis]able /uff7 or = ! ,pantomimical ,int]lude1 ) :i* x is int]mix$1 ,i _c det]m9e4 ,! music is pretty good1 & ! tricks are n fooli%] ?an usual1 & "s h said t !y h m mean+ ?an mo/ t h prec$$ !m4 ,! p]=mance is gr& z to ! sc5]y4 ,:at pleases ev]ybody is a regul> gr[? ( trees1 repres5t$ m l nature ?an :at has yet be5 se5 ^u ! /age1 & ! repres5tation ( a s]p5t s lively z to fright5 half ! ladies :o see x4 ,x is1 inde$1 curi\s 9 its k9d1 be+ :olly a piece ( ma*9]y1 t ent]s1 p]=ms its ex]cise ( head1 body1 & tail 9 a mo/ surpris+ mann]1 & makes beh9d ! curta9 ) a velocity sc>cely cr$ible4 ,x is ab\t a foot & a half 9 circumf]5ce ( ! ?icke/ "p1 & f> exce$s ! =m] cu/om ( /uff+ a bag into su* lik5ess4 ,x is believ$ to h co/ m ?an #bjj2 & :5 ! multitude ( w+s1 spr+s1 etc41 :]e( x consi/s1 are consid]$1 ! *>ge w n appe> extravagant4 ,! :ole ,royal family h be5 to see ?is p]=mance2 &1 f :at c be judg$1 ev]ybody else w see x be=e ! end ( ! season1 ! h\se be+ e day full at #c o'clock1 ?\gh seldom empty till aft] elev54 ,sam ,hoole--fa!r ( ! translator ( ,tasso & ,ario/o--0 ,ri*'s *ief ma*9i/ at ?is p]iod1 & ! inv5tor ( ?is fam\s s]p5t4 ,he _h1 accord+ to ,cumb]l&1 a %op :]e he sold me*anical toys4 ,hav+ a l>ge /ock ( s]p5t toys left on 8 h&s he became a ru9$ & bankrupt man4 ,orpheus & ,eurydice 0 reviv$ by ,ri* 9 #agdg1 & aga9 9 #agee2 :5 x ran #ca nights4 ,9 #agfh x 0 reproduc$ by 8 successors at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,9 ,octob]1 #aghg1 x 0 aga9 put 9 ! bill1 & ?is "t by ,royal ,comm&1 x 0 said4 ,( ! numb] ( ,pantomimes br\ght out by ,ri* ,i %all n dilate on1 & ^? t ,i h ref]r$ to w1 d\btless1 %[ :at all ^! plays )\t words 7 l4 ,dur+ ! summ] season ( #agfa1 at ,drury ,lane1 ,murphy & ,foote endeav\r$ ,f ,pantomime to free ! /age ,& combat all ! m9i/]s ( ! age1 by ridicul+ ! popul> amusem5t 9 hav+ ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 hung 9 full view ( ! audi5ce 9 a play entitl$ ,! ,wi%es4 ,:5 ! cata/rophe 0 at h& ,murphy :isp]$ to ,cumb]l&3 ,if !y don't damn ?is1 !y des]ve to be damn$ !mselves6 ,no soon] 7 ! words utt]$ ?an a turbul5t mob 9 ! pit broke out1 & quickly put an end to ! dire fatality ) :i* ,pantomime & its h]o1 ,h>lequ91 7 ?reat5$4 ,*ri/oph] ,ri* gave ! fir/ engagem5t to ! aft]w>ds celebrat$ actress1 ,mrs4 ,oldfield1 &1 previ\sly1 a simil> k9dness to ,rob]t ,wilks1 ab\t ! ye> #afij1 at ! sal>y ( fifte5 %ill+s a week1 ) two %ill+s & sixp5ce d$uct$ = tea*+ him to dance4 ,ano!r fam\s p]=m]1 ,mackl91 0 also introduc$ to ! /age by ?is family4 ,at ! ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre1 9 #agba1 !re 0 a memorable riot1 caus$ by "s drunk5 ari/ocratic beaux1 ow+ to an alleg$ insult1 :i* "o ( _! numb] 0 suppos$ to h receiv$4 ,! beau ref]r$ to1 a noble ,e>l1 _h cross$ ! /age :il/ ,macbe? & 8 lady 7 ^u x1 9 ord] to speak to a companion :o 0 loll+ 9 ! w+s4 ,ri* told ! noble ,e>l t = 8 indecorum he w\ld n be all[$ beh9d ! sc5es aga91 :i* s inc5s$ ! latt] t he gave ,manag] ,ri* a sm>t slap on ! face1 :i* ,ri* return$4 ,swords !n 7 drawn1 & betwe5 ! actors & ! beaux a free fight ensu$1 :i* end$ 9 ! =m] driv+ ! latt] out ( ! !atre4 ,! riot]s1 h[ev]1 aga9 obta9$ access1 & ru%+ into ! boxes1 cut d[n ! hang+s1 besides do+ o!r damage1 :51 l$ by ,qu9 & a numb] ( con/ables1 sev]al ( ! beaux 7 captur$1 & tak5 be=e ! magi/rates4 ,! end ( x all 0 t ! matt] 0 compromis$2 b1 9 ord] to prev5t a recurr5ce ( su* disord]ly sc5es1 a gu>d %\ld att5d ! p]=mances4 ,! cu/om ( hav+ ! milit>y 9 att5dance at our !atres--:i* ! above affray 0 ! prim>y cause--0 9 vogue = ov] a hundr$ ye>s aft] ?is ev5t4 ,ri* liv$ to see ,pantomimes firmly e/abli%$ at ,drury ,lane & ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,drury ,lane did1 = a few ye>s1 disc>d x 9 fav\r ( spectacle1 b ultimately f\nd x advisable to return to ,pantomime4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! 'sixties ( ! eighte5? c5tury--#agfa--;di$ ! fa!r ( ,h>lequ9s 9 ,engl&1 & also--z he has be5 call$--( ,engli% ,pantomimes1 & !re is1 ,i believe1 a co/ly tomb erect$ to 8 memory 9 ,hill+don ,*ur*-y>d1 ,middlesex4 ,ri* left ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre to 8 son-9-law1 ,be>d1 ! vocali/1 ) ! n unpleasant re/riction1 h[ev]1 t ! prop]ty %\ld be sold :5 #fj1jjj 0 bid = x1 & = :i* sum x ultimately pass$ into ! h&s ( ,h>ris1 ,colman1 & _! p>tn]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,joseph ,grimaldi4 ,! ye> #aggh m>ks an epo* 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,pantomime1 z j ov] ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury be=e m>k$ ano!r epo*1 ! introduction ( ,pantomimes to ! ,engli% /age4 ,on ,decemb] #ah?1 #aggh1 0 born ,joseph ,grimaldi--aft]w>ds ! ,pr9ce ( ,cl[ns1 & ! son ( ,giuseppe ,grimaldi 7,iron ,legs74 ,joe's fir/ appe>ance 0 at ,sadl]'s ,wells on ,april #af1 ,ea/] ,monday1 #agha1 he n be+ q ?ree ye>s old4 ,dick5s1 9 ! ,memoirs ( ,grimaldi1 has giv5 u f ! ,cl[n's own di>y1 :i* ,grimaldi kept close up to ! "t ( 8 dea?1 on ,may1 #ca/1 #ahcg1 a full & true acc\nt ( ! life ( ?is rem>kably clev] ,pantomimi/4 ,to add to :at ,dick5s has writt5 ( ,only a ,cl[n 7:i* d\btless ! read] is already acqua9t$ )7 w\ld only be l pa9t+ ! lily2 &1 p]haps1 ,i _c d bett] 9 hon\r+ 8 memory ?an by quot+ ! words ( ,mr4 ,h>ley at ! annual d9n] ( ! ,drury ,lane ,fund1 spok5 9 ! ,june foll[+ ,grimaldi's dea?3--,yet1 %all delicacy suff] no viol5ce 9 adduc+ "o example1 = dea? has hu%$ 8 cock-cr[+ ca*9ation1 & upro>i\s m]rim5t4 ,! mortal ,jupit] ( practical ,joke1 ! ,mi*ael ,angelo ( buffoon]y1 :o1 if he 0 ,grim-all-day1 0 sure to make y *uckle at night4 ,a contempor>y writ] ( ,grimaldi's days ?us eulogises ! ,pr9ce ( ,cl[ns3-- ,z a ,cl[n1 ,mr4 ,grimaldi is p]fectly unrivall$4 ,o!r p]=m]s ( ! "p may be droll 9 _! g5]ation2 b1 :i* ( !m c = a mom5t compete ) ! ,cov5t ,g>d5 h]o 9 acute obs]vation ^u ! foibles & absurdities ( society1 & 8 happy tal5t ( hold+ !m up to ridicule4 ,he is ! f9e/ practical satyri/ t ev] exi/$4 ,he does n1 l _m ,cl[ns1 cont5t himself ) rais+ a horse-laugh by contortions & grimaces1 b tickles ! fancy1 & excites ! risibility ( an audi5ce by devices z v>i$ z !y are +5i\s4 ,he uses 8 folly z a /alk+-horse1 "u cov] ( :i* he %oots 8 wit2 & fully des]ves ! encomium be/[$ ^u him by ,kemble1 :o1 x is said1 pron\nc$ him to be ! be/ l[ com$ian ^u ! /age4 ,!re are few ?+s1 we ?9k1 m delightful ?an a ,pantomime--t is1 a good ,pantomime1 su* z is usually produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,we "k !re are a set ( solemn pomp\s mortals ab\t t[n1 :o express mu* dignifi$ horror at ! absurdities ( ^! ?+s1 & declaim v flu5tly1 9 good set t]ms1 ^u ! necessity ( _! abolition4 ,su* fell[s z ^! are ev] y\r dulle/ ( blockheads4 ,consci\s ( _! lack ( ideas1 !y ?9k to e>n ! reputation ( m5 ( /]l+ s5se1 by inveigh+ cont9ually aga9/ :at !y deem to be frivolity2 :ile !y only expose m cle>ly to all obs]v]s ! sad vacuum :i* exi/s 9 _! p]icraniums4 ,f>1 f> f u be su* dull>ds1 & su* op9ions2 & let u cont9ue to laugh he>tily at our ,pantomimes1 undi/urb$ by _! t$i\s h>angues2 ,d !y ?9k1 because !y are wise1 !re %all be no m cakes & ale8 ,! man :o refuses to smile at ! hum\rs ( ,grimaldi is made ( bad mat]ials--hic nig] e/--let no su* man be tru/$6 ,c !re possibly be a m captivat+ sight ?an t :i* ! !atre pres5ts nightly1 ( hundr$s ( beautiful *ildr5 all happy & laugh+1 z if a ma/]-spr+ con/ra9$ !m all2 & fill$ ) delight1 unalloy$ & unb\nd$1 at ! p]=mance ( "o man8 ,& %all t man g )\t 8 due me$ ( praise8 ,nev] be x said6 ,no1 ,joey6 ,:5 we =get !e1 may our "r h& =get its cunn+6 ,we owe !e mu* = ! delight ?\ ha/ already af=d$ u2 & rely ^u !e1 ) confid5t expectation1 = _m a future h\r ( gay =getfulness4 ,well d we rememb]1 9 our boyi% dreams ( bliss1 h[ prom95t a feature ?\ did/ /& among/ ! anticipat$ enjoym5ts ( ,*ri/mas2 h[ ! ?\ghts ( home1 ( k9dr$1 & release f s*ool1 7 r5d]$ t5-fold m delightful by ! idea ( ?y motley g>b & mir?-inspir+ voice1 :i* ev] =m$ ! greate/ enjoym5t our holidays af=d$4 ,heav5 be prais$1 we /ill are *ildr5 9 "s respects1 = we /ill feel gladd5$ by ?y gambols1 z he>tily z we did ye>s ago1 :5 we made our p]iodical escape f ! t]rors ( our old p$agogue's fr[n1 & w5t ) ,aunt ,bridget 7,happi] ?an ourselves ! :ile7 to banquet ^u ! ,pantomimic treat provid$ = u4 ,all wisdom is folly1 says ! philosoph]2 b we (t5 incl9e to ?9k ! conv]se ( ! proposition correct1 :5 we see !e put ?y antic disposition on1 & set ! audi5ce 9 a ro> by ! magic ( ?y p[]s4 ,x is ?\ght by _m p]sons t ,grimaldi is se5 to great] advantage on ! small /age ( ,sadl]'s ,wells1 ?an on ! m capaci\s "o ( ,cov5t ,g>d52 b1 ?is is an op9ion ) :i* we _c co9cide4 ,he always appe>s to u m at 8 ease at ! latt] h\se2 to come =? exult+ 9 8 p[]1 & exclaim+1 ,ay1 m>ry1 "h my s\l ha? elb[-room4 ,8 engagem5t !re has c]ta9ly be5 a lucrative speculation = ! proprietors4 ,"m ,goose1 we believe1 drew m money ?an any o!r piece :i* has be5 produc$ dur+ ! pres5t c5tury2 & no ,pantomime s9ce br\ght =w>d at ,cov5t ,g>d5 has be5 unsuccessful2 :i* is ma9ly to be attribut$ to 8 inimitable p]=mance ( ,cl[n4 ,x is sc>cely possible = language to d ju/ice to 8 unequall$ p[]s ( ge/ure & expression4 ,d our read]s recollect a ,pantomime "s ye>s ago1 9 :i* he 0 introduc$ begg+ a t>t f a pieman8 ,! simple expression1 ,may ,i8 ) ! look & action :i* accompani$ x1 are impress$ ^u our recollection1 z =m+ "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( act+ we ev] witness$4 ,inde$1 let ! subject be :at x may1 x nev] fails to become highly amus+ 9 ! h&s ( ,grimaldi2 :e!r x is to rob a pieman1 or op5 an oy/]1 imitate a *imney-sweep1 or a d&y1 grasp a r$-hot pok]1 or dev\r a pudd+1 take snuff1 sneeze1 make love1 mimic a trag$ian1 *eat 8 ma/]1 pick a pocket1 beat a wat*man1 or nurse a *ild1 x is all p]=m$ 9 s admirably humor\s & extravagantly natural a mann]1 t spectators ( ! mo/ saturn9e disposition are irresi/ibly mov$ to laught]4 ,mr4 ,grimaldi also possesses great m]it 9 ,pantomimic p]=mances ( a diff]5t "*1 :i* all are aw>e (1 :o h ev] se5 him 9 ! melodrama1 call$ ,p]\se1 & o!r pieces ( ! same description4 ,we _c bett] t]m9ate ?is article1 ?an ) a poetical tribute to 8 p[]s1 address$ to him by "o ( ! au?ors ( ,horace 9 ,london1 :o appe>s to h _h a true reli% ( 8 subject3-- ,faceti\s ,mime6 ?\ enemy ( gloom1 ,gr&son ( ,momus1 bli! & debonair1 ,:o1 ap+ ,pan1 ) an inv]t$ broom1 ,c'/ bru% ! cobwebs f ! br[s ( c>e4 ,our gall]y gods immortalize ?y song2 ,?y ,newgate !fts imp>t ec/atic pleasure2 ,?\ bid'/ a ,jew's h>p *>m a ,*ri/ian ?rong1 ,a ,go?ic salt-box teem ) attic treasure4 ,:5 ,h>lequ91 entangl$ 9 ?y clue1 ,by magic seeks to dissipate ! /rife1 ,?y furtive f+]s snat* 8 faul*ion too2 ,! luckless wiz>d loses w& & wife4 ,! fabl$ egg f !e obta9s its gold2 ,?\ sett'/ ! m9d f critic bondage loose1 ,:]e male & female cackl]s1 "y & old1 ,birds ( a fea!r1 hail ! sacr$ ,goose4 ,ev5 pi\s s\ls1 f ,bunyan's durance free1 ,at ,sadl]'s ,wells applaud ?y agile wit1 ,=get old ,c>e :ile !y rememb] !e1 ,laugh ! he>t's laugh1 & haunt ! jovial pit4 ,long may'/ ?\ gu>d ! prize ?y hum\r won1 ,long hold ?y c\rt 9 ,pantomimic /ate1 ,&1 to ! equipoise ( ,engli% fun1 ,exalt ! l[ly1 & br+ d[n ! great4 ,aga9 we are told ,t 8 ,pantomime 0 su* t y c\ld fancy he w\ld h be5 ! ,pulc9ello ( ! ,italians1 ! ,h>lequ9 ( ! ,fr5*1 t he c\ld h return$ a sm>t rep>tee f ,c>l94 ,8 motions1 ecc5tric z !y 71 7 evid5tly n a m]e lesson f ! gymnasium2 !re 0 a w & m9d ov]fl[+ )1 nay liv+ ^u fun1 real fun4 ,he 0 s extravagantly natural1 t ! mo/ saturn9e look]-on ackn[l$g$ 8 sway2 & nei!r ! wise1 ! pr\d1 or ! fair1 ! "y nor ! old1 7 a%am$ to laugh till te>s c\rs$ d[n _! *eeks at ,joe & 8 comicalities4 ,grimaldi us$ sometimes to play 9 two diff]5t ,pantomimes at two diff]5t !atres1 :5 he w\ld h to g ?r\gh "s tw5ty sc5es4 ,unlike ! pa9t+ ( ! face ) a few pat*es adopt$ by ! mod]n ,cl[n1 ,grimaldi us$ to give "o ! idea ( a gre$y boy1 :o _h cov]$ himself ) jam 9 robb+ f a cupbo>d4 ,grimaldi dress$ ! "p l a ,cl[n %\ld be dress$4 ,8 tr\s]s 7 l>ge & baggy1 & 7 fa/5$ to 8 jacket1 & r\nd 8 neck he wore a s*oolboy's frill--"p ( ! dress1 9 all probability1 borr[$ f ! ,spani% ,capta9 & ! ,fr5* ,pi]rot4 ,at ,drury ,lane on ,friday1 ,june #bg1 #ahbh1 he took 8 f>ewell b5efit4 ,! foll[+ be+ ! bill3-- ,mr4 ,grimaldi's ,f>ewell ,b5efit1 ,on ,friday1 ,june #bg?1 #ahbh1 w be p]=m$ ,,jona?an ,,9 ,,engl&1 aft] :i* ,a ,,musical ,,melange1 ,to be succe$$ by ,,! ,,adopt$ ,,*ild1 & conclud$ by ,,h>lequ9 ,,hoax1 ,9 :i* ,mr4 ,grimaldi w act ,cl[n 9 "o sc5e1 s+ a song1 & speak 8 ,,f>ewell ,,address4 ,) ! read]'s p]misson1 ,i w give1 f 8 ,memoirs1 ! address he spoke3-- ,ladies & ,g5tlem53--,9 putt+ (f ! ,cl[n's g>m5t1 all[ me to drop also ! ,cl[n's taciturnity1 & address y 9 a few p>t+ s5t5ces4 ,i ent]$ e>ly on ?is c\rse ( life1 & leave x prematurely4 ,eight-&-=ty ye>s only h pass$ ov] my head--b ,i am go+ z fa/ d[n ! hill ( life z t old] ,joe--,john ,&]son4 ,l vault+ ambition1 ,i h ov]leap$ myself1 & pay ! p5alty 9 an advanc$ old age4 ,if ,i h n[ any aptitude = tumbl+ x is ?r\gh bodily infirmity1 = ,i am worse on my feet ?an ,i us$ to be on my head4 ,x is f\r ye>s s9ce ,i jump$ my la/ jump--fil*$ my la/ oy/]--boil$ my la/ sausage--& set 9 = retirem5t4 ,n q s well provid$ =1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge1 z 9 ! days ( my ,cl[n%ip1 = !n1 ,i d>e say1 "s ( y rememb]1 ,i us$ to h a f[l 9 "o pocket & sauce = x 9 ! o!r4 ,to-night has se5 me assume ! motley = a %ort "t--x clung to my sk9 z ,i took x (f1 & ! old cap & bells rang m\rnfully z ,i quitt$ !m = ev]4 ,) ! same respectful feel+s z ev] d ,i f9d myself 9 y\r pres5ce--9 ! pres5ce ( my la/ audi5ce--?is k9dly assemblage s happily contradict+ ! adage t a fav\rite has no fri5ds4 ,= ! b5vol5ce t br\ght y hi!r--accept1 ladies & g5tlem51 my w>me/ & mo/ grateful ?anks1 & believe1 t ( "o & all1 ,joseph ,grimaldi takes a d\ble leave1 ) a f>ewell on 8 lips1 & a te> 9 8 eyes4 ,f>ewell6 ,t y & y\rs may ev] enjoy t greate/ e>?ly good--heal?1 is ! s9c]e wi% ( y\r fai?ful & oblig$ s]vant4 ,god bless y all6 ,poor ,joe 0 buri$ 9 ! bury+-gr\nd ( ,/4 ,james' ,*apel1 on ,p5tonville ,hill1 & 9 a grave next to 8 fri5d1 ,*>les ,dibd94 ,may ! e>? lie lightly ov] him6 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,plots ( ! old =m ( ,pantomimes--,a description ( ,h>lequ9 & ! ,ogress2 or ! ,sleep+ ,beauty ( ! ,wood1 produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,grimaldi1 ,pre et ,fils--,tom ,ell>1 ! ,h>lequ91 & ,b>nes1 ! ,pantaloon--,an acc\nt ( ! fir/ production ( ! ,h\se t ,jack built1 at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,spectacul> display--,antiquity & ,orig9 ( "s ,pantomimic devices--,devoto1 ,angelo1 & ,fr5*1 ! ,sc5ic ,arti/s--,transp>5cies--,bev]ley--,trans =mation ,sc5es4 ,( ! plots ( ! old =m ( ,pantomime & :at ^! ent]ta9m5ts 7 g5]ally l1 graphically1 does ,plan* describe !m4 ,h[ diff]5t 7he says7 7 ! ,*ri/mas ,pantomimes ( my y\ng] days4 ,a pretty /ory--a nurs]y tale--dramatically told1 9 :i* ! c\rse ( true love nev] did run smoo?1 =m$ ! op5+2 ! *>act]s be+ a cross-gra9$ old fa!r1 ) a pretty daught]1 :o _h two suitors--"o a poor "y fell[1 :om %e pref]r$1 ! o!r a weal?y fop1 ^: pret5sions 71 ( c\rse1 fav\r$ by ! fa!r4 ,!re 0 also a body s]vant ( "s sort 9 ! old man's e/abli%m5t4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ! "y lady 0 ab\t to be =cibly m>ri$ to ! fop %e despis$1 or1 on ! po9t ( elop+ ) ! y\? ( h] *oice1 ! good fairy made h] appe>ance1 &1 *ang+ ! refractory pair into ,h>lequ9 & ,columb9e1 ! old curmudgeon into ,pantaloon1 & ! body s]vant into ,cl[n3 ! two latt] 9 company ) ! reject$ lov]1 z he 0 call$1 comm5c$ ! pursuit ( ! happy pair1 & ! comic bus9ess consi/$ ( a doz5 or m clev]ly con/ruct$ sc5es1 9 :i* all ! tricks & *anges _h a mean+1 & 7 introduc$ z contrivances to fav\r ! escape ( ,h>lequ9 & ,columb9e1 :5 too closely foll[$ by _! enemies4 ,!re 0 z regul> a plot z might be f\nd 9 a melodrama4 ,an int]e/ 9 ! *ase :i* increas$ ! admiration ( ! +5uity & ! enjoym5t ( ! fun ( ! tricks1 by :i* ! runaways escap$ capture1 till ! inevitable d>k sc5e came1 a cav]n or a =e/1 9 :i* !y 7 ov]tak51 seiz$1 & ! magic w&1 :i* _h s uni=mly aid$ !m1 snat*$ f ! grasp ( ! despair+ ,h>lequ91 & fl\ri%$ 9 triumph by ! ,cl[n4 ,aga9 at ! critical mom5t ! protect+ fairy appe>$1 &1 exact+ ! cons5t ( ! fa!r to ! m>riage ( ! devot$ c\ple1 transport$ ! :ole p>ty to :at 0 really a gr& la/ sc5e1 :i* ev]ybody did wait =4 ,!re 0 "s congruity1 "s dramatic con/ruction1 9 su* ,pantomimes2 & !n ! act+4 ,= x 0 act+1 & fir/-rate act+4 ,to give ! read] a fur!r insight into ! old =m ( ,*ri/mas ,pantomimes1 ,i cull ! foll[+ f ,! ,drama1 a contempor>y magaz9e ( ! p]iod 7#ahbb73-- ,9 compliance ) ! long-e/abli%$ cu/om ( gratify+ ! holiday visitors ( ! !atres ) ,pantomimic repres5tations at ?is season ( ye>1 a new piece ( t description 0 produc$ at ?is !atre 7,cov5t ,g>d57 la/ night1 ,decemb] #bf?1 #ahbb1 "u ! title ( ,h>lequ9 & ! ,ogress2 or ! ,sleep+ ,beauty ( ! ,wood4 ,! introductory /ory is tak5 f ! well-kn[n tale ( ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty1 9 ,"m ,bun*'s ,fairy ,tales1 :i* _h be=e be5 melodramatis$1 b _h n hi!rto be5 tak5 = ! gr\ndwork ( a ,h>lequ9ade4 ,! piece op5s 9 "o ( ! fabl$ gr& cav]ns "u ! ,pyramids ( ,egypt1 9 :i* ! ?ree fatal si/]s ( ,"m ,bun*'s ,my?ology are se5 sp9n+ & w9d+ a ball ( gold5 ?read1 ! fa/5+ ( :i* to ! wri/ ( ! ,sleep+ ,beauty is int5d$ to add ano!r c5tury to ! duration ( h] life1 & ( ! p[] :i* ! ,ogress1 or ,fairy1 has ex]cis$ ov] h]1 & h] possessions1 = ! prec$+ hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ball hav+ be5 complet$1 ) ! due quantum ( magic incantation 9 su* cases prescrib$1 is consign$ to ! c>e ( ,grim ,gribb]1 ! port] ( ! ca/le1 ) directions to atta* x to ! wri/ ( ! lady 9 ! *amb] ( sleep1 :i!r he accord+ly proce$s = t purpose2 b ov]come by ! soporific influ5ces ( ! atmosph]e ( t en*ant$ place1 he falls into a deep sleep ere 8 task is accompli%$4 ,! ,pr9ce ,az(f1 ) 8 ,squire ,abnab1 /ray+ f a hunt+ p>ty into ! en*ant$ c$> grove1 enc\nt]s ! ,fairy ,blue-bell1 protector ( ! ,sleep+ ,beauty1 :o imp>ts to ! ,pr9ce ! /ory ( h] en*antm5t1 furni%es him ) a magic fl[] to protect him f ! influ5ce ( ! ,ogress1 & in/ructs him 9 ! means ( releas+ ! ,beauty at ! expiration ( ! t]m ( h] fir/ en*ant$ sleep1 :i* is !n draw+ to a close4 ,9 ! amazem5t :i* seizes ! ,pr9ce on f9d+ himself 9 ! *amb] ( sleep1 at ! spl5d\r ( ev]y?+ ar\nd him1 & ! sight ( ! ,sleep+ ,beauty ) h] surr\nd+ tra9 ( att5dants1 ^: faculties are all en*a9$ 9 ! same pret]natural slumb]1 he lets fall ! magic fl[]1 & becomes !reby subject to ! p[] ( ! ,ogress1 f :i* he is1 h[ev]1 rescu$ on ! in/ant by ! protect+ int]f]5ce ( ! ,fairy ,blue-bell4 ,b 9 puni%m5t ( 8 neglect1 he is condemn$ to w&] = a "t 9 se>* ( happ9ess ) ! n[-awak5$ ,beauty1 pursu$ by ! rel5tless ,ogress & h] s]vant1 ,grim ,gribb]4 ,! :ole ( ! p]sons engag$ 9 ! sc5e n[ und]go ! prescriptive ,pantomimic *anges1 & ! ord9>y succession ( ,h>lequ9ade adv5tures1 tricks1 & trans=mations ensue4 ,our old fav\rites1 ! ,grimaldis1 fa!r & son1 ,mr4 ,ell> z ,h>lequ91 & ,mr4 ,b>nes z ,pantaloon1 7 hail$1 on _! appe>ance1 ) ! w>m? ( greet+ to :i* _! excell5ce 9 _! sev]al p>ts fully entitles !m1 & display$ _! wont$ droll]y1 gracefulness1 & agility3 & ,miss ,brissak1 :o1 = ! fir/ "t1 appe>$ z ,columb9e1 acquitt$ h]self ) tol]able cr$it1 & 0 v well receiv$4 ,! sc5]y 9 g5]al 0 m>k$ ) t *>act]i/ic beauty & highly-f9i%$ excell5ce1 :i* h long di/+ui%$ ! productions ( ?is !atre3 & ! panoramic s]ies ( views ( ! ,riv] ,?ames1 f ,gre5wi* to ! ,nore1 on ! passage ( ! ,royal flotilla = ,scotl&1 & its arrival 9 ,lei? ,roads1 probably surpass ev]y?+ ( ! k9d be=e exhibit$4 ,!re are sev]al div]t+ tricks & +5i\s *anges4 ,grimaldi's equipm5t ( a pat5t safety coa* at ,brighton1 9 p>ticul> 0 highly amus+4 ,! ma*9]y1 :i* is1 9 _m in/ances1 ( a mo/ complicat$ description1 work$ rem>kably well = a fir/ night's exhibition2 & ! :ole w5t (f ) a degree ( eclat1 :i* mu/ h be5 exce$+ly gratify+ to ! manag]s1 z augur+ ! probability ( su* a l5g!n$ run = ! piece z may amply recomp5se ! pa9s & exp5se :i* h be5 s lavi%ly be/[$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,! h\se 0 fill$ 9 e "p1 & ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,pantomime's repetition 0 receiv$ ) ! mo/ clamor\s approbation1 undi/urb$ by a s+le diss5ti5t voice4 ,! fir/ production ( ,! ,h\se t ,jack ,built1 at ,cov5t ,g>d51 on ,decemb] #bf1 #ahbd1 also reads int]e/+ly3-- ,! ,pantomime is be=e u1 & we %\ld ill-repay ! pleasure x af=d$ u1 if we did n ackn[l$ge & make public its excell5ce4 ,! "n implies ! s\rce f :i* x is tak51 & we _h1 !re=e1 ! supreme pleasure ( r5ew+ our fri5d%ip ) ^? v old acqua9tances1 ! ,prie/ all %av5 & %orn1 ! maid5 all =lorn1 ! c[ ) ! crumpl$ horn1 ! dog t worri$ ! cat1 t kill$ ! rat1 t eat up ! malt1 t lay 9 ! ,h\se t ,jack built4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 gave u1 z x appe>$ to d _m o!rs1 great pleasure1 ,= %\ld auld acqua9tance be =got1 & nev] br\ght to m9d4 ,mr4 ,f>ley1 h[ev]1 :o supports 7l an ,atlas7 all ! weight ( br++ =w>d ^! annual pieces ( fun & fool]y1 & :o appe>s to be z le>n$ 9 ! my/ic lore ( ho>y antiquity1 z he is 9 ! my/]ies ( all ! wond]s ( ! tricks1 *anges1 & me*anism ( ! ,pantomimic _w1 has let u ?is "t into a secret1 :i* w d\btless cause mu* erudite argum5t1 & pros & cons f v>i\s sage antiqu>ians = mon?s to come1 9 t invaluable "w ( old ,sylvanus ,urban1 'yclept ! ,g5tlem5's ,magaz9e4 ,z ! play-bills on :i* ?is important piece ( in=mation is to be f\nd1 w d\btless be b\ght up by all ! my/ogogii ( ! ,metropolis1 & %ortly become sc>ce1 we %all take ! lib]ty ( ins]t+ x 9 our imp]i%able pages1 = ! b5efit1 n only ( po/]ity1 b = ^? ( our own day1 :o are infect$ ) ! build+ mania1 & :o1 we ?9k1 ought to make ,mr4 ,f>ley "s v valuable pres5t to m>k _! s5se ( ! obligation !y are "u to him1 9 consequ5ce ( ! b5efit :i* mu/ accrue to !m f x4 ,x appe>s f ?is fragm5t 9 :at mann] ,jack became possess$ ( 8 h\se1 & :i* x nev] be=e occurr$ to u1 to enquire4 ,?us !n ! my/]y is elucidat$ by ,mr4 ,f>ley4 ,jack's ,wag]2 ,by virtue ( "o ( our =e/ *>t]s1 if a man d build a dwell+ ^u common l&1 f sun-set to sun-rise1 & enclose a piece ( gr\nd1 :]e9 !re %all be a tree gr[+1 a bea/ fe$+1 a fire k9dl$1 & provision 9 ! pot1 su* dwell+ %all be freely held by ! build]1 any?+ to ! contr>y1 nev]!less1 not)/&+4 ,=e/ ,laws4 ,accord+ly ,jack1 9 ! op5+ sc5e1 is repres5t$ j be=e nightfall1 z complet+ 8 dwell+1 by putt+ on ! *imney pot z ! f9i%+ /roke2 he !n claims 8 bride1 ,rosebud1 f h] fa!r1 ,gaff] ,g&y1 :o refuses 8 cons5t1 hav+ det]m9$ on be/[+ h] h& on "o ,squire ,sap4 ,jack1 9 despair1 repairs to ,poor ,rob91 ! village a/rolog]1 :o is int5tly obs]v+ an eclipse ( ! moon 7:i*1 by-!-bye1 is mo/ excell5tly manag$71 & relates 8 griefs4 ,! old man *e]s 8 droop+ spirits1 by ca/+ 8 nativity & f9d+ by 8 obs]vations1 t ,jack's />s are ( ! mo/ b5ign influ5ce1 & t all 8 wi%es %all be fulfill$4 ,! m>riage ( ! maid5 all =lorn ) ! ,squire is on ! po9t ( be+ complet$1 :5 ,v5us 7"o ( ^: doves _h be5 pres]v$ by ,jack7 dispat*es ,cupid to ! assi/ance ( ! despair+ lov]s1 by ! magic ( ^: p[]ful w& ! usual ,pantomimic *anges are effect$ 9 a trice--,jack becomes ,h>lequ92 ,rosebud1 ,columb9e2 ,gaff]1 ,pantaloon2 ! ,squire1 ! ,lov]2 & ! ,prie/1 ! ,cl[n4 ,mir?1 revelry1 fun1 frolic1 & joviality are n[ ! ord] ( ! day1 & ! sc5e *anges to a view ( ,hyde ,p>k & ! ,s]p5t9e ,riv] on a fro/y morn+ 9 ,janu>y3 9 :i* is repres5t$1 ) admirable effect1 a display ( pat5t skat+4 ,an oil clo? is spread ^u ! /age1 a gr\p compris$ ( v>i\s laughable *>act]s are assembl$ on x1 & skate ab\t ) z mu* rapidity1 & precisely z ?\gh x 7 a %eet ( ice4 ,! adroit skill ( old /ag]s on ! slipp]y surface1 ) ! clumsy awkw>dness & t]ror ( novices 9 ! art1 are well repres5t$4 ,a prodigi\s fat man makes 8 appe>ance2 :5 a race is call$ =1 he1 ( c\rse1 tries 8 pr[ess1 :5 ! ice crack+ b5ea? ! heavy weight assembl$ on x gives way ) a heavy cra%1 & ,fatty is consign$ to a wat]y b$4 ,assi/ance is imm$iately t5d]$1 :51 by ,h>lequ9's p[]1 a lean & %rivell$ _s ( ! deep rises f bel[ to ! great al>m ( ! behold]s1 & ^: limbs cont9ue to exp& till 8 head t\*es ! cl\ds4 ,! :ole ( ! sc5e is "o ( ! mo/ laughable & be/ manag$ 9 ! ,pantomime4 ,kew ,g>d5s1 on a ,may-day morn+1 is also a v pleas+ sc5e1 9 :i* "s pretty ,morris danc+ is introduc$4 ,! ,b>b]'s %op1 9 :i* %av+ by /eam is hit (f1 is excell5t 9 its way1 b n s well und]/ood 9 its details1 z to make x equally effective 9 repres5tation4 ,vauxhall ,bridge1 & ! ,g>d5s :i* succe$s x1 are also *>m+ly pa9t$ by ! ,grieves1 & f h5ce ! ,cl[n & ,pantaloon take an ,a]onautic excursion to ,p>is4 ,?is is a revolv+ sc5e--! balloon asc5ds--& ! ,engli% l&scape gradually rec$es f ! view--! gradual approa* ( night--! ris+ ( ! moon--! pass+ ( ! balloon ?r\gh heavy cl\ds--& ! return ( day1 are beautifully repres5t$2 ! sea cov]$ ) %ips1 is se5 9 di/ant p]spective ) ! ,fr5* coa/2 a bird's-eye view ( ,p>is foll[s1 & ! balloon safely desc5ds 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies4 ,! adjo9+ palace1 mansions1 & g>d5s be+ brilliantly illum9at$1 give ! sc5e a mo/ spl5did & picturesque effect4 ,a v>iety ( o!r sc5es1 b f> too num]\s to m5tion individually1 des]ve ! highe/ applause1 p>ticul>ly ! village ( ,b[1 ,lead5hall ,m>ket1 ) a *ange to an illum9at$ civic fea/ 9 ! ,guildhall2 ,burl+ton ,arcade at night1 & ! village ( ,g&]clue by sunrise4 ,! ,temple ( ,iris1 =m$ ( ! radiant panoply ( ! heav5ly ar*1 by ,grieve1 is mo/ brilliant4 ,! adv5t ( ,pantomime1 e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 gave a special fillip to spectacul> display1 z !y 7 all ann\nc$ to be set (f ) new sc5]y1 decorations1 & fly+s4 ,"s ( ! /age devices ( ,pantomime are ( consid]able antiquity2 z1 = in/ance1 ! basket-"w hobby-horses1 t figur$ z f> back z ! old ,engli% ,morris dances1 to be reviv$ 9 ! ,fr5* ballet ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 &1 9 aft] ye>s1 9 ,engli% ,pantomime4 ,! ,pantomime donkey is at lea/1 we are told1 #bjj ye>s old4 ,9 ,arlequ9 ,m]cure ,galant1 produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #afhb1 by ! ,italian ,com$ians1 ,h>lequ9 made 8 entrance on a moke's back--& ! m]rim5t aft]w>ds be+ greatly enhanc$ :5 ,ma/] ,n$dy1 ) ,pan seat$ on its back1 sudd5ly came 9 two1 to ! con/]nation ( ! behold]s4 ,to ! ,italian ,pantomime ,com$ians we owe _m ( our /age devices & tricks4 ,! /atue sc5e 9 ,frivolity1 play$ by ! ,messrs4 ,leopolds1 0 introduc$ by ! ,italians 9 ,arlequ9 ,l+]e du ,palais1 :5 ?is piece 0 p]=m$ at ,p>is 9 #afhb4 ,aga91 ! device ( cutt+ a hole 9 a portrait = an eaves-dropp]'s head to be ins]t$1 0 us$ 9 ,columb9e ,avocat z f> back z #afhe4 ,9 ,arlequ9 ,l+]e du ,palais1 play$ at ! ,hotel de ,b\rgogne 9 ,octob]1 #afhb1 !re 0 repres5t$ two /alls--an und]clo?i]'s & a confection]'s4 ,h>lequ9 dress$ half l a man & half l a woman1 ) a mask on ea* side ( 8 face to mat* presides 9 ?is dual capacity at bo? /alls4 ,pasqu>iel1 :o comes to buy1 is utt]ly bewild]$1 & is made ! t>get ( bo? je/s & missiles ( monsieur ( ! confection]s1 & mademoiselle ( ! adjo9+ /all4 ,possibly ! %op sc5es 9 our ,engli% ,h>lequ9ades may h orig9at$ f ?is4 ,a simil> idea to ! above 0 giv5 9 ,o',keefe's ,pantomime ( ,h>lequ9 ,teague2 or ! ,giants' ,causeway1 p]=m$ at ! ,haym>ket 9 #aghb4 ,*>les ,banni/] appe>$ 9 ?is ,pantomime & sang a duet z a giant ) two heads1 "o side repres5t+ a g5tleman ( quality1 & ! o!r a hunt+ squire4 ,mrs4 ,g]man ,re$1 ab\t #ahee1 appe>$ repres5t+ two old wom51 betwe5 :om an imag9>y conv]sation 0 held1 ,mrs4 ,re$ turn+ fir/ "o side ( h] face to ! audi5ce1 & !n ! o!r4 ,fr$ ,maccabe1 9 8 ,ess5ce ( ,fau/1 _h also a simil> allusion1 & by _m trans=mation danc]s 0 x us$4 ,! antiquity ( _m o!r devices c\ld be not$1 b ,i mu/ desi/1 yet ,i _c help rem>k+ t ev5 "h we h m exemplifications ( hi/ory repeat+ itself4 ,sc5ical repres5tations & me*anical devices 9 ,italy _h long be5 made a f9e art1 & an ,engli% travell] & critic obs]ves t our pa9t+ comp>$ to !irs is only daub+4 ,i f9d among _! decorations /atues ( m>ble1 alaba/]1 palaces1 colonnades1 gall]ies1 & sket*es ( ar*itecture2 pieces ( p]spective t deceive ! judgm5t z well z ! eye2 prospects ( a prodigi\s ext5t 9 spaces n ?irty feet deep4 ,z = _! ma*9es ,i c't ?9k x 9 ! p[] ( human wit to c>ry _! inv5tions fur!r4 ,9 #afig1 ,i saw at ,v5ice an elephant discov]$ on ! /age1 :51 9 an in/ant1 an army 0 se5 9 its place2 ! soldi]s1 hav+ by ! disposition ( _! %ields1 giv5 s true a repres5tation ( x z if x _h be5 a real elephant4 ,9 ,rome1 at ! ,!atre ,capranio1 9 #afih1 !re 0 a gho/ ( a woman surr\nd$ by gu>ds4 ,?is phantom1 ext5d+ h] arms & unfold+ h] clo!s1 01 ) "o motion1 trans=m$ into a p]fect palace1 ) its front1 its w+s1 body1 & c\rty>d4 ,! gu>ds1 /rik+ _! halb]ds on ! /age1 7 imm$iately turn$ into s _m wat]works1 cascades1 & trees1 t =m$ a *>m+ g>d5 be=e ! palace4 ,at ! same !atre1 9 ! op]a ,n]one ,infante1 ! int]ior ( hell 0 %[n4 ,"h "p ( ! /age op5$1 & discov]$ a sc5e und]nea?1 repres5t+ sev]al caves1 full ( inf]nal spirits1 t flew ab\t1 dis*>g+ fire & smoke1 on ano!r side ! riv] ( ,le! & ,*>on's boat4 ,^u ?is l&+ a prodigi\s mon/] appe>$1 ^: m\? op5+ to ! great horror ( ! spectators1 cov]$ ! front w+s ( ! rema9+ "p ( ! /age4 ,)9 8 jaws 0 discov]$ a ?rone ( fire1 & a multitude ( mon/r\s snakes1 on :i* ,pluto sat4 ,aft] ?is ! great mon/]1 exp&+ 8 w+s1 began to move v sl[ly t[>ds ! audi5ce4 ,"u 8 body appe>$ a great multitude ( devils1 :o =m$ !mselves into a ballet1 & plung$1 "o aft] ! o!r1 into ! op5+ ( ! floor4 ,! great mon/] 0 9 an in/ant trans=m$ into an innum]able multitude ( broad :ite butt]flies1 :i* flew all into ! pit1 & s l[ t "s (t5 t\*$ ! hats ( sev]al ( ! spectators1 & at la/ !y disappe>$4 ,dur+ ?is circum/ance1 :i* suffici5tly employ$ ! eyes ( ! spectators1 ! /age 0 refitt$1 & ! sc5e *ang$ into a beautiful g>d51 ) :i* ! ?ird act began4 ,! sc5e pa9t]1 ,devoto1 pa9t$ ! sc5]y & decorations = ! ,goodman's ,fields ,!atre1 :]e1 x is int]e/+ to note1 ,david ,g>rick made 8 fir/ ,london appe>ance 9 #agda4 ,8 fir/ appe>ance on any /age _h be5 made at ,ipswi* on ,tuesday1 #ba/ ,july1 9 ! same ye>1 "u ! "n ( ,lyddall4 ,g>rick1 dur+ 8 "t1 introduc$ _m novelties 9 ! way ( sc5]y & transp>5cies1 act+ on ! sugge/ions ( ,signor ,seiv&oni1 ! sc5ic arti/ at ! ,op]a-h\se1 & ! f5c+ ma/]1 ,dom9ico ,angelo4 ,^! transp>5cies became ! talk ( ,london1 & x has be5 kn[n = sev]al plays to h be5 writt5 s z to introduce !m4 ,! fir/ transp>5t sc5e is said to h be5 ! ,en*ant$ ,wood1 introduc$ 9 ,h>lequ9's ,invasion1 at ,drury ,lane1 ! pa9t] be+ "o ,fr5*1 ! sc5ic arti/ ( ! !atre4 ,bev]ley1 ! sc5e pa9t] = ,madame ,ve/ris1 half a c5tury ago1 br\ght fairy1 or ,pantomime1 sc5es to great p]fection4 ,leopold ,wagn]1 speak+ ( !m1 says3--,we h x ^u ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,plan* t ^! 7 almo/ entirely due to ! skill$ ef=ts & successes ( ,mr4 ,william ,bev]ley1 :o1 9 ! nature ( ,extravaganza1 s impress$ ! public ) 8 f9e tal5ts z an arti/ ^u !atrical canvas1 t gorge\s sc5es became q ! rage1 & h[1 ye> aft] ye>1 ,mr4 ,bev]ley's p[]s 7 tax$ to ! utmo/ to outdo 8 =m] triumphs1 & h[ ! mo/ co/ly mat]ials & complicat$ ma*9]y 7 annually put into requisition until ! manag]s began to suff]4 ,speak+ ( ! production on ! #bf? ,decemb]1 #ahdi1 ( ,! ,isl& ( ,jewels1 ,plan* says1 ,! novel1 & yet exce$+ly simple1 fall+ ( ! leaves ( a palm tree1 :i* discov]$ six fairies1 support+ a coronet ( jewels1 produc$ su* an effect z ,i sc>cely rememb] hav+ witness$ on any simil> occasion up to t p]iod4 ,! la/ sc5e became ! fir/ 9 ! e/imation ( ! managem5t4 ,! mo/ complicat$ ma*9]y1 ! mo/ co/ly mat]ials 7 annually put into requisition1 until _! bacon 0 s butt]$ t x 0 impossible to save x4 ,no?+ 0 consid]$ brilliant b ! la/ sc5e4 ,dut* metal 0 9 ! asc5dant4 ,x 0 no long] ev5 pa9t+1 x 0 uphol/]y4 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,ma!ws h]self in=m$ me t %e _h paid betwe5 #fj & #gj = gold tissue = ! dresses ( ! ,sup]num]>ies alone4 ,i wond] :at ,mrs4 ,ma!ws w\ld say if %e c\ld n[ visit ?is t]re/rial sph]e ( ours8 ,all ?is love ( spectacul> display soon began to sup]s$e ! good old-fa%ion$ ,*ri/mas ,pantomimes4 ,9 8 "w1 ,beh9d ! ,sc5es1 ,mr4 ,fitzg]ald v graphically describes ! ,trans=mation sc5e ( lat] days1 & n[ becom+ ne>ly z obsolete z ! ,h>lequ9ade4 ,all w recall 9 "s elaborate trans=mation sc5e h[ quietly & gradually x is evok$4 ,fir/ ! gauzes lift sl[ly "o beh9d ! o!r--p]haps ! mo/ pleas+ ( all sc5ic effects--giv+ glimpses ( ! ,realms ( ,bliss se5 beyond 9 a tantalis+ fa%ion4 ,!n is reveal$ a k9d ( half glorifi$ c\ntry1 cl\ds & banks evid5tly conceal+ mu*4 ,always a sort ( pa!tic1 &1 at ! same "t1 exultant /ra9 rises1 & is repeat$ z ! *anges g on2 n[ we he> ! fa9t t9kle--signal to ^? al(t on ! bridges to op5 m glories4 ,n[ "s ( ! banks beg9 to "p sl[ly1 %[+ realms ( light ) a few div9e be+s--fairies--ris+ sl[ly "h & !re4 ,m breaks beyond1 & m fairies ris+ ) a pyramid ( ^! ladies beg9n+ to m\nt sl[ly 9 ! c5tre4 ,?us x goes on1 ! lights /ream+ on full 9 e col\r & f e qu>t] 9 ! ri*e/ effulg5ce4 ,9 "s ( ! m d>+ ef=ts ! femmes susp5dues seem to float 9 ! air or re/ on ! frail support ( sprays or bran*es ( trees4 ,:ile1 f9ally1 at ! back ( all ! mo/ glori\s p>adise ( all w op51 reveal+ ! pure empyrean itself1 & "s fair _s al(t 9 a cl\d among ! />s2 ! apex ( all4 ,!n all motion ceases2 ! "w is complete2 ! fumes ( crimson1 r$1 & blue fire beg9 to rise at ! w+s2 ! music bur/s into a cra% ( exultation2 &1 possibly to ! g5]al dis5*antm5t1 a burly man1 9 a black frock coat1 /eps out f ! side & b[s awkw>dly4 ,!n1 to a %rill :i/le1 ! fir/ sc5e ( ! ,h>lequ9ade closes 91 & %uts out ! brilliant vision4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,pantomimic ,families--,giuseppe ,grimaldi--,james ,byrne1 ! ,h>lequ9 & ,inv5tor ( ! mod]n ,h>lequ9's dress--,joseph ,grimaldi1 ,junior--,! ,bologna ,family--,tom ,ell>--,! ,ridgways--,! ,bradburys--,! ,montgom]ys---,! ,paynes--,! ,m>%alls--,*>les & ,ri*>d ,/ilt--,ri*>d ,flexmore--,tom ,gray--,! ,paulos--,dubois--,ar?ur & ,*>les ,lecl]q--,jimmy ,b>nes--,fam\s ,pantaloons--,miss ,f>r5--,mrs4 ,siddons--,columb9es--,notable ,actors 9 ,pantomime4 ,9 ! hi/rionic pr(ession ! g5ius ( h]$it>y is %[n ov] & ov] aga92 & no m s ?an 9 ,pantomimic families4 ,=1 if bless$ ) a num]\s prog5y1 ! sons became--! elde/1 ( c\rse1 c\ld only1 z ! place ( hon\r1 be ,cl[n--! o!rs1 ,h>lequ9s1 ,pantaloons2 ! daught]s1 ,columb9es2 &1 p]haps1 ,h>lequ9as4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] b "o ,i h ref]r$ to ,grimaldi's fa!r1 ,giuseppe ,grimaldi1 ,iron ,legs1 & n[ let u recall some?+ m ( ! sire ( s wor?y a son4 ,z a danc]--z 8 fa!r 0 be=e him--& ,pantomimi/1 ,giuseppe ,grimaldi1 be=e com+ to ,engl&1 _h appe>$ at ! fairs ( ,france & ,italy4 ,9 #ageh ,giuseppe made 8 fir/ appe>ance on ! /age ( ,drury ,lane1 "u ,g>rick's managem5t1 9 a new ,pantomime dance1 entitl$1 ,! ,mill]s4 ,= "s ?irty ye>s aft]w>ds ! ,signor cont9u$ to be a memb] ( ! ,drury ,lane corps de ballet1 & appe>+ z ,cl[n1 ,h>lequ91 & ,pantaloon4 ,9 #agfd1 ,giuseppe play$ ,h>lequ9 9 a ,cl[n-less ,pantomime at ,sadl]'s ,wells1 & 9 ! ,drury ,lane ,pantomime ( ! same ye>1 ?\gh !re 7 ,h>lequ91 ,pantaloon1 & ,columb9e 9 x1 !re 0 no ,cl[n4 ,drury ,lane 0 !n only op5 9 ! w9t]1 & ,sadl]'s ,wells 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,a notable ,h>lequ9 0 ,mr4 ,james ,byrne1 ! ballet-ma/]4 ,mr4 ,byrne1 says ,grimaldi1 9 8 ,memoirs1 0 ! be/ ,h>lequ9 on ! bo>ds1 & nev] has be5 excell$1 or ev5 equall$1 s9ce t p]iod4 ,mr4 ,byrne came ( a well-kn[n danc+ family1 & to him we owe ! introduction ( ! tight-fitt+ dress worn by ,h>lequ94 ,until ! production ( ! ,pantomime ( ,h>lequ9 ,amulet1 or ! ,magic ( ,mona1 at ,drury ,lane ,!atre1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,p[ell1 produc$ at ,*ri/mas1 #agii1 by ,mr4 ,byrne1 & :i* ran until ,ea/]1 #ahjj--;x _h be5 ! loose jacket & tr\s]s ( ! anci5t ,mimes4 ,x _h also be5 consid]$ indisp5sable t ,h>lequ9 %\ld be cont9ually attitud9is+ 9 ! five diff]5t positions ( ,admiration1 ,flirtation1 ,?\ght1 ,defiance1 & ,det]m9ation2 & cont9ually pass+ f "o to ! o!r )\t paus+4 ,byrne1 = new] attitudes1 aboli%$ ^! po/ures1 b long aft]w>ds ! old =m ( pos+ 01 & is /ill1 reta9$ by ! expon5ts ( ,h>lequ94 ,9 ?is ,pantomime1 ,byrne1 z ,h>lequ91 appe>$ 9 a :ite silk close-fitt+ %ape1 fitt+ )\t a wr9kle1 & into :i* ! v>iegat$ col\rs ( "t-hon\r$ memory 7 wov51 & cov]$ ) spangles1 pres5t+ a v bright appe>ance4 ,mr4 ,byrne1 also gave ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 an entirely new read+4 ,! col\rs ( ,h>lequ9's dress _h e "o a significance1 z foll[s3--,r$1 temp]2 blue1 love2 yell[1 jeal\sy2 br[n or mauve1 con/ancy4 ,:5 ,h>lequ9 wore 8 mask d[n he 0 suppos$ to be invisible4 ,on 8 mask he _h two bumps1 d5ot+ k on ! "o h&1 & ?\ght on ! o!r1 :il/ 9 8 cap he wore a h>e's foot1 & a work$ device on 8 %oes1 indicat+ flight & spe$4 ,c we n f ! bumps ( k & ! h>e's foot trace ! *>act]i/ics ( ! god ,m]cury1 :i*1 z previ\sly /at$1 0 ! prototype ( ,h>lequ94 ,) ! bat1 or magic sword1 ! gift f ! fairies to him1 ,h>lequ9 0 suppos$ to be invuln]able1 & if he lo/ 8 sword he w\ld fall into ! p[] ( ! ,cl[n4 ,byrne's innovation 0 n resi/$1 & x 0 well receiv$1 & ev] s9ce ?is memorable occasion1 ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 has1 = ! mo/ "p1 be5 dress$ z ,byrne dress$ x4 ,! significance ( ! pres5t-day v>iegat$ col\rs ( ,h>lequ9's co/ume are some:at diff]5t to ! above1 & d5ote3 r$1 fire2 blue1 wat]2 yell[1 air2 & black1 e>?4 ,^!--! f\r elem5ts--are typical ( ! regions gov]n$ by ,m]cury4 ,mr4 ,byrne 0 at ,drury ,lane 9 ! "t ( ,g>rick4 ,he di$ ,decemb] #d?1 #ahde1 9 ! eighty-n9? ye> ( 8 age4 ,mrs4 ,byrne1 :o 0 also a danc]1 pre-deceas+ h] husb& by a few mon?s 9 h] sev5ty-f\r? ye>4 ,joseph ,grimaldi1 son ( ,old ,joe1 made1 at twelve ye>s ( age1 8 fir/ appe>ance at ,sadl]'s ,wells 9 #ahad1 play+ ,man ,friday to 8 fa!r's ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,= sev]al ye>s bo? fa!r & son play$ toge!r 9 v>i\s ,pantomimes2 & x 0 ?\ght t be=e "y ,joe !re 0 a brilliant future4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 soon dissipat$1 z he emb>k$ ^u vici\s c\rses1 & ?r\gh a bl[ on ! head receiv$ 9 "s brawl ,he became a wild & furi\s savage2 he 0 frequ5tly attack$ ) dreadful fits ( epilepsy1 & cont9ually committ$ actions :i* no?+ b insanity c\ld prompt4 ,9 #ahbh he _h a decid$ attack ( insanity1 & 0 conf9$ 9 a /rait wai/coat 9 8 fa!r's h\se = "s "t4 ,f engagem5ts at ,drury ,lane1 ,sadl]'s ,wells1 ! ,pavilion & ! ,surrey ,!atre 9 turn1 he 0 dismiss$1 f9ally ,fall+ into ! l[e/ /ate ( wret*$ness & pov]ty4 ,8 dress _h fall5 to rags1 8 feet 7 ?ru/ into two worn-out slipp]s1 8 face 0 pale ) disease1 & squalid ) dirt & want1 & he 0 /eep$ 9 degradation4 ,?is unhappy life came to a f9al close 9 a public-h\se 9 ,pitt ,/reet1 (f ! ,tott5ham ,c\rt ,road4 ,signor ,pietro ,bologna1 a c\ntry-man & fri5d ( ,giuseppe ,grimaldi1 ,joe ,grimaldi's fa!r1 br\ght ) him f ,g5oa 8 wife1 two sons & a daught]4 ,!y 7 all ,mimes1 &1 9 a ,pantomime produc$ 9 #agie1 entitl$1 ,! ,magic ,fea/1 ,signor ,bologna 0 ,cl[n1 & 8 son1 ,jack ,bologna1 0 ,h>lequ92 ! latt] be+ also ,h>lequ9 to ,grimaldi's ,cl[n1 bo? at ,cov5t ,g>d5 & ,sadl]'s ,wells4 ,jack ,bologna m>ri$ a si/] ( ,m>y ,bri/[1 ,joe ,grimaldi's second wife1 & ! "m ( poor "y ,joe4 ,tom ,ell> 0 ano!r fam\s ,h>lequ91 fir/ mak+ 8 appe>ance at ! ,royalty1 ,goodman's ,fields1 9 #ahjh4 ,= sev]al seasons he play$ ,h>lequ9 at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,_m ye>s ago p5ny portraits ( ,mr4 ,ell> ,9 8 fav\rite "* ( ,h>lequ91 7 publi%$ by a ,mr4 ,skelt1 or a ,mr4 ,p>k1 ( ,long ,lane1 ,smi?field1 & 7 ! delight ( ^?1 :o1 if liv+ n[1 are old & gray4 ,tom ,ell> di$ ,april #h1 #ahdb1 ag$ #fb4 ,previ\s to 8 dea? he mu/ h fall5 ^u evil days1 z ,?ack]ay1 9 #ahdj1 wrote3 ,tom1 :o comes b\nd+ home f s*ool1 has ! doctor's acc\nt 9 8 trunk1 & 8 fa!r goes to sleep at ! ,pantomime to :i* he takes him4 ,pat] infelix1 y too1 h laugh$ at ,cl[n1 & ! magic w& ( spangl$ ,h>lequ93 :at delightful en*antm5t did x wave r\nd y 9 ! gold5 days ':5 ,george ! ,?ird 0 ,k+8' ,b our ,cl[n lies 9 8 grave2 & our ,h>lequ9 ,ell>1 pr9ce ( _m ( our en*ant$ isl&s1 0 he n at ,b[ ,/reet ! o!r day1 9 8 dirty1 fad$1 tatt]$ motley--seiz$ z a law break] = act+ at a p5ny !atre1 aft] hav+ well nigh />v$ 9 ! /reets1 :]e nobody w\ld li/5 to 8 old guit>8 ,no "o gave a %ill+ to bless him3 n "o ( u :o owe him s mu*6 ,ano!r ,pantomime family 7 ! ,ridgways4 ,tom ,ridgway 0 ,cl[n "u ,madame ,ve/ris's managem5t at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,!re h be5 sev]al ,bradburys s9ce ! "t ( ,grimaldi's great rival1 ,rob]t ,bradbury1 di$ ,july #ba1 #ahca1 :o wore on 8 p]son n9e /rong pads1 9 ord] to g ?r\gh "s extraord9>y feats4 ,! ,montgom]ys2 ! ,paynes1 ,h>ry & ,fr$2 nor %\ld ! "n ( ,old ,billy ,payne be omitt$4 ,billy ,payne x 01 x w be rememb]$1 :o1 9 #ahcc1 help$1 f ! /age ( ,cov5t ,g>d51 ! dy+ ,edmund ,kean4 ,!n !re 7 ! ,m>%alls1 ,h>ry & ,joseph2 ,*>les & ,ri*>d ,/ilt2 & a v orig9al & amus+ ,cl[n1 ,ri*>d ,flexmore1 di$ ,augu/ #bj1 #ahfj1 ag$ #cf4 ,tom ,gray1 a fam\s ,cl[n ( ,cov5t ,g>d51 di$ ,janu>y #bh?1 #agfh1 ag$ upw>ds ( #ajj ye>s2 ! ,paulo family ( ,pantomimi/s2 ,dubois1 ,ar?ur & ,*>les ,lecl]q1 ,walt] ,hily>d1 & _m1 _m o!rs4 ,9 ! 'tw5ties & '?irties a popul> & fam\s ,pantaloon 0 ,jimmy ,b>nes1 di$ ,septemb] #bh?1 #ahch4 ,b>nes1 9 ! summ] ( #ahcj1 0 engag$ to play 9 an ,engli% company at ,p>is1 b !y _h h>dly comm5c$ to p]=m :5 ! ,revolution ( ,july broke out4 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds ,b>nes publi%$ 9 ,b5tley's ,miscellany1 f 8 old orig9al ,m4,s41 an amus+ & illu/rat$ acc\nt ( 8 w&]+s4 ,among/ o!r ,pantaloons !re h be5--,?omas ,blan*>d1 di$ ,augu/ #bj1 #ahei1 ag$ #gb2 ,william ,lyn*1 di$ ,june #bi1 #ahfa1 ag$ #gh2 ,r4 ,norman1 di$ ,septemb] #af1 #aheh1 ag$ #gj2 ,george ,tann]1 di$ ,febru>y #h1 #ahgj2 & ,paulo1 a memb] ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,kean's ,company at ! ,pr9cess's ,!atre1 _h z ,pantaloon appe>$ 9 _m ,pantomimes4 ,x is a notable fact t a good numb] ( our ,mimes 7 long-liv]s4 ,long be=e ,miss ,f>r51 aft]w>ds ,c\ntess ( ,d]by 7di$ ,april #ba1 #ahbi71 fir/ *>m$ a ,london audi5ce1 we he> ( h] 9 #aggb at ,wakefield 9 "o ( h] fir/ p>ts--if n h] fir/--t ( ,columb9e4 ,%e c\ld bo? s+ well & dance gracefully4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ p>ts t ev5 ! great ,mrs4 ,siddons 7t aft]w>ds 071 :5 a "y girl1 play$1 0 9 connection ) ,pantomime1 z ,combes rememb]$ to h se5 h] ,/&+ by ! side ( h] fa!r's /age1 & knock+ a pair ( snuff]s aga9/ a c&le-/ick to imitate ! s\nd ( a w9d-mill1 dur+ ! repres5tation ( "s ,h>lequ9ade4 ,9 days gone by ,madame ,lecl]q1 ,c>lotta ,lecl]q1 ,*>les ,kean's ,columb9e 9 ! seasons ( #ahej-a-b1 ,e4 ,d5nett1 ,emma ,bol5o1 di$ ,octob] #ah?1 #ahfg1 ag$ #ce2 ,m>ie ,*>les1 :o di$ f an accid5t by fire1 ,pavilion ,!atre1 ,janu>y #ba1 #ahfd1 & o!rs h won consid]able fame 9 ! "p ( ,columb9e4 ,among/ ^? :o h play$ ,h>lequ9 9 days gone by1 h be5 ! eld] ,kean1 & ! well-kn[n actor1 ,mr4 ,wilson ,b>rett1 :o1 e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 play$ ?is "p = an extra two %ill+s & sixp5ce ?r[n 91 to augm5t 8 !n weekly sal>y ( sev5te5 %ill+s & sixp5ce2 :il/ ,sir ,h5ry ,irv+ tells u t he also has appe>$ 9 ,pantomime1 9 ! "* ( a wick$ fairy1 nam$ ,v5oma1 9 days s9ce pa/1 = a small monet>y emolum5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,popul> ,pantomime subjects--,poor ,pantomime ,librettos--,pantomime subjects ( our prog5itors--,! v>i\s v]sions ( ,aladd9--,! ,babes 9 ! ,wood--,blue ,be>d--,beauty & ! ,bea/--,c9d]ella--,dick ,:itt+ton--,! ,h\se t ,jack ,built--,jack ! ,giant ,kill]--,jack & ! ,bean/alk--,r$ ,rid+ ,hood--,! ,sleep+ ,beauty 9 ! ,wood--,unlucky subjects--,ali ,baba & ! ,=ty ,?ieves--,! ,fair ,"o ) ,gold5 ,locks--,! s\rce ( ,s9dbad ! ,sailor & ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,x may be ( int]e/ 9 ?is ,hi/ory ( ,pantomime to note ! orig9 ( "s ( our mo/ popul> pres5t day ,pantomime subjects1 besides %[+ _m ( our pres5t day ,pantomime libretto writ]s t 9 su* well-kn[n !mes z ,aladd91 ,c9d]ella1 & o!rs1 !re is no ne$ to ca/ _! /ories pretty mu* 9 ! same groove1 ye> aft] ye>1 :5 by draw+ on ! fairy-lore ( ! ,ea/ mu* t is new & orig9al1 = pres5t-day ,engli% ,pantomimes1 is wait+ ! att5tion ( _! skill & +5uity4 ,?\gh ! /ories ( popul> ,engli% ,pantomimes are practically ! same ea* ye> 7:y ,i d n "k71 yet1 n cont5t ) ?is1 9 _m ( our l>ge cities & t[ns we frequ5tly see ! same ,pantomime title n only bill$ at "o !atre1 b p]haps at sev]al o!rs4 ,?is cla%+ & cla%+ ye> aft] ye> ) "o ano!r's titles 7,i say no?+ ab\t ! plots1 z ^!1 9 _m in/ances1 only consi/ ( a half-p5ny wor? ( au?or to an intol]able deal ( music-hall gag71 _c b1 ,i h long be5 ( op9ion1 adv]sely affect ! box-(fice receipts1 unless1 ( c\rse1 ! ,pantomime-go] makes a po9t ( do+ ! r\nd1 s to speak1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n g5]ally ! case4 ,z ,pantomime writ]s 9 ! e>ly days !re 7 ,?omas ,dibd91 son ( ,*>les ,dibd91 ! writ] ( nautical ballads1 ,pocock & ,%]idan4 ,dibd9 0 "o ( ! be/ ( ,pantomime libretti/s1 & f ! ye>s #agga to #ahda 8 prolific p51 z a writ] ( ,pantomimes1 0 nev] idle1 z f x came "s ?irty-?ree ,pantomimes1 & all successes4 ,among/ o!r lit]>y lum9>ies1 9 aft] ye>s1 z writ]s ( ,pantomime ,extravaganzas1 !re 7 ,j4,r4 ,plan*1 ,e4,l4 ,blan*>d1 ,w4 ,br\gh1 ,m>k ,lemon1 ,h4,j4 ,byron1 ,wilton ,jones1 & ,john ,francis ,mc,ardle4 ,hi/ory always repeats itself we "k1 & poor ,pantomime books 7 n unkn[n z f> back z half a c5tury ago1 z ! subjo9$ p>ody on ! ,burial ( ,sir ,john ,moore1 by ! late ,alb]t ,smi? pla9ly %[s3-- ,n a laugh 0 he>d1 n a topical joke1 ,z its corse to oblivion we hurri$2 ,n a pap] a ^w 9 its fav\r spoke ,on ! ,pantomime go+ to be buri$4 ,we buri$ x aft] ! ,box+ ,night1 ,! folks f ! gall]ies turn+2 ,= 'twas pla9 x w\ld sc>cely pay = ! light ,( ! /> 9 ! la/ act burn+4 ,no useless play-bill put =? a puff1 ,h[ spl5did ! public _h f\nd x1 ,b x lay l a piece t _h be5 call$ /uff1 ,) a v wet blanket ar\nd x4 ,aft] ?is digression = "o brief mom5t m1 let u take a pass+ glance at "s ( ! ,pantomime subjects :i* our prog5itors delight$ 94 ,!y _h n ! cont9ual r++ ( ! *anges on half-a-doz5 ,pantomime subjects1 z we h at pres5t1 b revell$ 9 su* attractions z ,h>lequ9 ,don ,quixote1 ,! ,triumph ( ,mir?1 or ,h>lequ9's ,w$d+1 ,! ,en*ant$ ,wood or ,h>lequ9's ,vag>ies1 ,hurly ,burly1 or ! ,fairy ( ! ,wells1 ,blue ,be>d1 ,black ,be>d1 & ,grey ,be>d1 & _m o!rs4 ,h[ev]1 to return4 ,( ! ,pantomime subjects1 ^: orig9 we are go+ to enquire into1 let u fir/ comm5ce ) ,aladd94 ,accord+ to ! _m v]sions ( ?is popul> /ory 9 ,europe & ,asia1 x w\ld seem t its orig9 orig9ally 0 ( ,buddhi/ extraction4 ,9 our common ,engli% v]sion ( ,aladd91 9 ,! ,arabian ,nights1 :i* 0 tak5 f ,gall&'s ,fr5* v]sion1 x is d\btless an ,ea/]n picture4 ,x does n occur1 h[ev]1 9 any kn[n ,arabian text 7says ,mr4 ,cl\/on1 9 ,popul> ,tales1 & to ^: "w ,i am indebt$ = mu* ( ! in=mation = ?is *apt]7 ( ,! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights 7,elf ,laila wa ,laila71 al?\gh ! *ief incid5ts are f\nd 9 _m ,asiatic fictions1 & x _h become orally curr5t 9 ,greece & ,italy be=e x 0 publi%$ by ,gall&4 ,a popul> ,italian v]sion1 :i* pres5ts a close analogy to ! famili> /ory ( ,aladd9 7prop]ly ,al-u-d-,d91 signify+ ,exaltation ( ! ,fai?7 is giv5 by ,miss ,m4,h4 ,busk1 9 h] ,folklore ( ,rome1 "u ! title ( ,h[ ,cajusse 0 m>ri$4 ,a good natur$ look+ old man "o day knocks at ! door ( a poor tailor out ( "w2 8 son1 op5+ ! door1 is told by ! old man t he is 8 uncle1 & he gives him half a pia/re to buy a good d9n]4 ,:5 ! tailor comes home--he 0 abs5t at ! "t--he is surpris$ to he> ! old man claim him z a bro!r1 b f9d+ him s ri* he does n dispute ! matt]4 ,aft] ! old man _h liv$ "s "t ) ! tailor & 8 family1 lit]ally defray+ all ! h\sehold exp5ses1 he f9ds x necess>y to dep>t1 & ) ! tailor's cons5t takes ! boy ,cajusse ) him1 9 ord] t he may le>n "s useful bus9ess4 ,b no soon] d !y get outside ! t[n ?an he tells ,cajusse t x is all a dodge4 ,i'm n y\r uncle1 he says1 ,i want a /rong1 d>+ boy to d some?+ ,i am too old to d4 ,i'm a wiz>d--don't attempt to escape = y c't4 ,cajusse1 n a bit fright5$1 asks him :at x is he wants him to d2 & ! wiz>d raises a flat /one f ! gr\nd1 & ord]s him to g d[n1 & aft] he gets to ! bottom ( ! cave to proce$ until he comes to a beautiful g>d51 :]e he w see a fi]ce dog keep+ wat*4 ,"h's bread = him4 ,don't look back :5 y he> s\nds beh9d y4 ,on a %elf y w see an old lant]n2 take x d[n1 & br+ x to me4 ,s say+ ! wiz>d gave ,cajusse a r+1 9 case any?+ awkw>d %\ld happ5 to him aft] he _h got ! lant]n1 :5 he _h only to rub ! r+1 & wi% = deliv]ance4 ,cajusse f9ds preci\s /ones hang+ l fro/ f ! trees 9 ! g>d5 und]gr\nd1 & he fills 8 pocket ) !m4 ,return+ to ! entrance ( ! cave1 he refuses to give up ! lant]n till he has be5 drawn out2 s ! wiz>d ?9k+ m]ely to fright5 him replaces ! /one4 ,cajusse f9d+ himself ?us entrapp$ rubs ! r+1 :5 in/antly ! ,slave ( ! ,r+ appe>s1 & ! y\? at once ord]s ! table to be laid = d9n]4 ,he !n calls = 8 "m & fa!r1 & !y all h an unusually good meal4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds1 ,cajusse _h return$ home1 ! t[n 0 illum9at$1 "o day 9 hon\r ( ! m>riage ( ! ,sultan's daught] to ! ,vizi]'s son4 ,he s5ds 8 "m to ! palace ) a basket ( jewels1 &1 to dem& ! ,sultan's daught] 9 m>riage4 ,! ,sultan is a/\nd$ at ! purity ( ! gems1 & says he w give 8 answ] 9 a mon?4 ,at ! end ( ! same week ! ,gr& ,vizi]'s son is m>ri$ to ! ,pr9cess4 ,cajusse rubs 8 lant]n & says ,g to-night & take ! daught] ( ! ,sultan & lay h] on a poor pallet 9 our ou?\se4 ,?is is done1 & ,cajusse beg9s to talk to h]1 b %e is f> too fright5$ to answ]4 ,! ,sultan le>ns ( 8 daught]'s :]eab\ts1 & does n "k :at to make ( ! /range bus9ess4 ,! son ( ! ,vizi] compla9s to 8 fa!r t 8 wife disappe>s e night1 & comes back j be=e dawn4 ,cajusse n[ s5ds 8 "m to ! ,sultan ) ?ree m baskets full ( jewels1 & ! ,sultan tells h] he may come & see him at ! palace4 ,hav+ receiv$ ?is message1 ,cajusse rubs ! lant]n1 gets a dress ( gold & silv]1 a ri*ly cap>ison$ horse1 f\r pages ) ri* dresses to ride beh9d !m1 & "o to g be=e1 di/ribut+ money to ! p4 ,cajusse is next m>ri$ to ! ,pr9cess1 & !y live toge!r 9 a mo/ magnific5t palace ) great happ9ess4 ,by-&-bye ! old wiz>d he>s ( ?is1 & resolves to obta9 ! lant]n by hook or by crook4 ,disguis+ himself z a p$l> he comes to ! palace call+ out ! famili> ,new lamps = old4 ,by ?is means he obta9s ! preci\s lamp1 & imm$iately transports ! palace & ! pr9cess to an isl& 9 ! high seas4 ,cajusse1 by ! aid ( ! magic r+1 quickly foll[s1 to f9d 8 pr9cess a prison] 9 ! p[] ( ! wiz>d4 ,he !n gives h] ?is advice3 ,make a fea/ to-night2 say y'll m>ry ! old wiz>d if he'll tell y :at ?+ w\ld be fatal to him1 & y w gu>d him aga9/ x4 ,! pr9cess gets f ! magician ! fatal secret4 ,"o mu/ g into a f> di/ant =e/1 he says ,:]e !re is a bea/ call$ ! hydra1 & cut (f 8 sev5 heads4 ,if ! middle head is split op5 a lev]et w jump out & run (f4 ,if ! lev]et is split op51 a bird w fly out4 ,if ! bird is caught & op5$1 9 its body is a preci\s /one1 & %\ld t be plac$ "u my pill[ ,i %all die4 ,cajusse accompli%es all ^! ?+s1 & gives ! life-/one to ! pr9cess1 toge!r ) a bottle ( opium4 ,! pr9cess drugs ! wiz>d's w9e1 & :5 he _h laid 8 head on 8 pill[ 7"u :i* 0 ! /one7 he gave ?ree t]rible yells1 turn$ himself r\nd ?ree times1 & 0 dead4 ,aft] ?us ridd+ !mselves ( _! enemy1 ,cajusse & 8 bride liv$ happy ev] aft]w>ds4 ,aladd9's adv5ture ) ! magician 9 ! en*ant$ cave has also its c\nt]p>t 9 ,g]many 7see ,grimms' ,g]man ,collection74 ,ano!r ,aladd9 v]sion is ! tale ( ,m>f1 ! la/ 9 ! ,blk & ,calcutta pr9t$ ,arabic texts ( ! ,book ( ,m>f 9 ,! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights4 ,! /ory is to ! effect t ,m>f _h giv5 out t he 0 a ri* man1 "u :i* false pret5ce he m>ries ! ,sultan's daught]4 ,! tale he spread ab\t 0 t he 0 expect+ ! arrival ( a ri* c>avan1 :i* conta9$ all 8 pr9cely weal?4 ,aft] !y 7 m>ri$1 ,m>f confesses to 8 wife ! impo/ure he has practis$ on !m4 ,%e urges him to fly1 or 8 head w\ld be =feit$1 & procures him a disguise to flee ! c\ntry4 ,he does s1 &1 :il/ j\rney+ ?r\gh a village1 he sees a man pl\gh+ 9 a field1 :om he asks = food4 ,:il/ ! latt] is away1 ,m>f cont9ues ! pl\gh+1 :]e ! man _h left (f1 & ! pl\gh%>e /rikes aga9/ some?+ h>d 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* turns out to be an iron r+ 9 a m>ble slab4 ,he pulls at ! r+1 & ,m>f discov]s a small room cov]$ ) gold1 em]alds1 rubies1 & o!r preci\s /ones4 ,he also discov]s a c(f] ( cry/al1 hav+ a little box1 conta9+ a diamond 9 its entirety4 ,desir\s ( kn[+ :at ! box fur!r conta9s1 he f9ds a pla9 gold r+1 ) /range talismanic *>act]s engrav$ !reon4 ,plac+ ! r+ on 8 f+]1 he is sudd5ly confront$ by ! ,g5ii ( ! ,r+1 :o dem&s to "k :at are 8 comm&s4 ,m>f desires ! ,g5ii to transport all ! treasure to ! e>?1 :5 mules & s]vants appe>1 & c>ry x to ! city :i* ,m>f _h left1 mu* to ! *agr9 ( ! ,vizi]1 :o did n l ,m>f4 ,m>f1 dur+ a great fea/ prep>$ = ! occasion1 tells ! ,sultan h[ he became possess$ ( ! treasure1 :5 ! ,sultan begs ! loan ( ! r+1 :i* ,m>f h&s to ! ,vizi] to give him1 & :i* no soon] does he get1 ?an he comm&s ! ,g5ii to convey ,m>f to "s des]t isl&1 & leave him to die4 ,! ,vizi] also s]ves ! ,sultan ! same way1 & !n he turns 8 att5tion to ,mrs4 ,m>f1 :om he ?reat5s ) dea? if %e refuses to m>ry him4 ,at a banquet %e makes ! ,vizi] drunk1 obta9s possession ( ! r+1 secures ! return ( ,m>f & ! ,sultan1 & ! decapitation ( ! ,vizi]4 ,! ,babes 9 ! ,wood 0 regi/]$ on ! books ( ,/ation]s' ,hall z a ballad z f> back z #aeie4 ,to take ano!r famili> ,pantomime subject1 ,blue ,be>d1 ?is /ory is said to h be5 inv5t$ z a satire on our ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,!re is little d\bt1 h[ev]1 ( x orig9at+ f a v anci5t s\rce2 & to af=d ! read] all ! possible in=mation on ! subject1 a writ] 9 ,! ,drama1 a magaz9e ( ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury has ! foll[+1 ?\gh he does n /ate 8 au?ority = ! in=mation3-- ,z ?is extraord9>y p]sonage has long be5 ! !me1 n only ( *ildr5's e>ly /udy & t]ror1 x w be gratify+ to p]use ! "* ( t be+ :o really exi/$1 & :o 0 di/+ui%$ 9 horror & d]ision by ! /range appellation ( ,blue ,be>d4 ,he 0 ! fam\s ,gilles1 ,m>quis de ,laval1 a ,m>es*al ( ,france1 & a ,g5]al ( uncommon intrepidity1 :o greatly di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! reigns ( ,*>les ,,vi4 & ,,vii41 by 8 c\rage1 p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! ,engli%1 :5 !y invad$ ,france4 ,he r5d]$ su* s]vices to 8 c\ntry1 :i* 7 suffici5t to immortalize 8 "n1 _h he n = ev] t>ni%$ 8 glory by ! mo/ t]rible & cruel murd]s1 blasphemies1 & lic5ti\sness ( e k9d4 ,8 rev5ues 7 pr9cely2 b 8 prodigality 0 suffici5t to r5d] ev5 an ,emp]or a bankrupt4 ,:]ev] he w5t he _h 9 8 suite a s]aglio1 a b& ( play]s1 a company ( musicians1 a society ( sorc]]s & magicians1 an almo/ incr$ible numb] ( cooks1 packs ( dogs ( v>i\s k9ds1 & above #bjj l$ horses4 ,mez]ai1 an au?or ( great repute1 says1 t he enc\rag$ & ma9ta9$ m5 :o call$ !mselves sorc]]s1 to discov] hidd5 treasures1 & corrupt$ "y p]sons ( bo? sexes to atta* !mselves to him1 & aft]w>ds kill$ !m = ! sake ( _! blood1 :i* 0 requisite to =m 8 *>ms & incantations4 ,^! horrid excesses may be believ$1 :5 we reflect on ! age ( ignorance & b>b>ism 9 :i* !y 7 c]ta9ly too (t5 practis$4 ,he 0 at l5g?1 = a /ate crime aga9/ ! ,duke ( ,brittany1 s5t5c$ to be burnt alive 9 a field at ,nantz 9 #addj1 b ! ,duke1 :o 0 pres5t at 8 execution1 s f> mitigat$ ! s5t5ce1 t he 0 fir/ /rangl$1 !n burnt1 & 8 a%es buri$4 ,?\gh he 0 desc5d$ f "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s families 9 ,france1 he decl>$1 previ\s to 8 dea?1 t all 8 t]rible excesses 7 ow+ to 8 wret*$ education4 ,blue ,be>d 0 fir/ dramatis$ at ,p>is1 9 #agdf1 :5 ,b>be ,bleu 0 ?us ann\nc$3--,pantomime--repres5te p> la tr\pe des ,com$i5s ,pantomimes1 ,foir ,/4 ,laur5t4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds dramatis$ at ! ,e>l ( ,b>rymore's ,!atre1 ,w>grave1 ,b]ks41 & 9 #agia4 ,aft] t ! subject 0 produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre z a ,pantomime4 ,beauty & ! ,bea/1 ! latt] a :ite be>1 is to be f\nd 9 ,popul> ,tales f ! ,norse1 by ,mr4 ,das5t1 & 9 ! collection ( ,popul> ,tales f ! ,g]man by ! ,bro!rs ,grimm4 ,z a ballad ! /ory ( ,beauty & ! ,bea/ is a v old "o4 ,c9d]ella is to be f\nd 9 ! language ( e ,european c\ntry4 ,9 anci5t ,h9du leg5ds x appe>s2 9 tales relat$ by ! ,greek poets x is also to be f\nd4 ,! /ory ( ,c9d]ella1 accord+ to ! anci5t ,h9du leg5ds1 is t ( ! ,sun & ! ,dawn4 ,c9d]ella has be5 lik5$ to ,aurora1 ! ,_s ( ! ,dawn1 & ! fairy ,pr9ce ( ! leg5d is ! morn+ ,sun1 ev] closely pursu+ h] to make h] 8 bride4 ,! ,h9du leg5d ( ! lo/ slipp] is t a weal?y ,rajah's beautiful daught] 0 born ) a gold5 necklace1 :i* conta9$ h] s\l1 &1 if ! necklace 0 tak5 (f & worn by someone else1 ! ,pr9cess w\ld die4 ,! ,rajah gave h] on h] bir?day a pair ( slipp]s ) ornam5ts ( gold & gems ^u !m4 ,! pr9cess w5t out ^u a m\nta9 to ga!r fl[]s1 & :il/ /oop+ !re to pluck ! fl[]s1 "o ( h] slipp]s fell into ! =e/ bel[4 ,a ,pr9ce1 :o 0 hunt+1 pick$ up ! slipp]1 & 0 s *>m$ ) x t he said he w\ld make ! we>] 8 wife4 ,he made 8 wi% kn[n1 b no "o came to claim ! slipp]2 at l5g? ^w 0 giv5 to ! ,pr9ce :]e to f9d ! ,rajah's daught]2 & %ortly aft]w>ds !y 7 m>ri$4 ,"o ( ! wives ( ! ,pr9ce1 be+ jeal\s ( ! ,rajah's daught]1 /ole ! necklace1 put x on h] own neck1 & !n ! ,rajah's daught] di$4 ,! ,pr9ce1 aft]w>ds1 f\nd out ! secret ( ! necklace1 & got x back aga91 & put x on 8 dead wife's neck1 & %e came to life1 & !y liv$ ev] aft]w>ds 9 ! greate/ h>mony4 ,! anci5t ,grecian v]sion ( ,c9d]ella is t ( ! /ory ( a beautiful woman nam$ ,rhodope1 :o1 :il/ ba?+1 an eagle flew away ) "o ( h] slipp]s to ,egypt1 & dropp$ x 9 ! lap ( ! ,k+ z he sat at ,memphis on ! judgm5t seat4 ,! ,k+ 0 s attract$ by ! smallness & beauty ( ! slipp] t he fell 9 love ) ! we>]1 & aft]w>ds made h] 8 wife4 ,9 ,tuscany1 ,p]sia1 ,norway1 ,d5m>k1 ,russia1 ! /ory ( ,dick ,:itt+ton is well kn[n4 ,9 all probability1 l _m o!r fairy tales1 its orig9 0 f a ,buddhi/ s\rce4 ,! ,engli% v]sion1 t ! ,"l ,mayor ,:itt+ton 0 ! poor ill-us$ boy he is repres5t$ to h be5 9 ! popul> tale seems q impossible1 s9ce accord+ to ,/[ 7m5tions ,mr4 ,cl\/on7 he 0 ! son ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,:itt+ton1 ,knight4 ,! /ory 0 curr5t 9 ,europe 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! *ronicle ( ,alb]t1 ,abbot ( ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>y ( ,slade1 writt5 at t p]iod1 x is relat$ t !re 7 two citiz5s ( ,v5ice1 "o ( :om 0 ri*1 ! o!r poor4 ,x =tun$ t ! ri* man w5t abroad to trade1 & ! poor man gave him z 8 v5ture two cats1 ! sale ( :i*1 z 9 our tale ( ! r5[n$ ,dick ,:itt+ton1 procur$ him great weal?4 ,on ,septemb] #ba/1 #affh1 ,pepys makes m5tion 9 8 di>y ( go+ to ,s\?w>k ,fair1 & ( see+ ! puppet %[ ( ,:itt+ton1 :i* he says 0 pretty to see4 ,a ,pantomime on ! subject 0 also giv5 by ,ri* e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,tuscany1 ! ,dick ,:itt+ton /ory runs t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 a ,g5oese m]*ant1 :o pres5t$ two cats to ! ,k+1 0 rew>d$ by him ) ri* pres5ts4 ,9 ,norway1 a poor boy1 hav+ f\nd a box full ( silv] money "u a /one1 empti$ ! box & its cont5ts into a lake--"o piece1 h[ev]1 float$1 :i* he kept1 believ+ x to be good4 ,8 "m1 he>+ ( ?is1 ?ru/ him out ( doors2 & he ev5tually obta9$ employm5t 9 a m]*ant's h\se4 ,! m]*ant1 hav+ to make a voyage to =eign p>ts1 he ask$ ea* ( 8 s]vants :at he %\ld v5ture = him4 ,! poor boy (f]$ all he _h1 ! silv] p5ny1 ( :i* he 0 /ill ! possessor4 ,) ?is ! m]*ant pur*as$ a cat1 & sail$ away1 b ! vessel 9 :i* he 0 9 0 driv5 out ( h] c\rse on to ! %ores ( a /range c\ntry4 ,! m]*ant go+ a%ore w5t to an inn1 &1 9 a room1 he saw ! table laid = d9n]1 ) a long rod = ea* man :o sat at x4 ,:5 ! meat 0 set on ! table1 out sw>m$ ?\s&s ( mice1 & ea* "o :o sat at ! table beat !m (f ) 8 rod4 ,! cat 0 br\ght into s]vice1 & sold = a hundr$ doll>s1 & soon put an end to ! c>e] ( ! mice4 ,:5 ! m]*ant _h weigh$ an*or1 mu* to 8 surprise1 he saw ! cat sitt+ at ! ma/ head4 ,aga9 f\l wea!r came on1 & aga9 ! vessel 0 driv5 to ano!r /range c\ntry1 :]e ! mice 7 j z num]\s z be=e4 ,! cat 0 call$ 91 sold ?is "t = two hundr$ doll>s1 & away ! m]*ant sail$4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 0 he at sea1 ?an ! cat once m appe>$ be=e him4 ,! vessel 0 aga9 driv5 out ( h] c\rse to ano!r /range c\ntry1 ov]-run ) rats ?is "t1 :5 poor pussy 0 sold a ?ird "t1 = ! sum ( ?ree hundr$ doll>s4 ,aga9 ! cat made its appe>ance2 & ! m]*ant ?9k+ to d ! poor boy out ( 8 money1 a dreadful /orm arose1 :i* only subsid$ on ! m]*ant mak+ a v[ t ! boy %\ld h e p5ny4 ,:5 he arriv$ home ! m]*ant fai?fully kept 8 promise1 gave ! boy ! six hundr$ doll>s1 & ! h& ( 8 daught] besides4 ,a ,breton leg5d ( ! /ory ( ,dick ,:itt+ton runs t ?ree sons g to seek _! =tune1 ! elde/ ( :om1 ,yvon1 possesses a cat4 ,! cat aga9 plays an important "p4 ,yvon becomes ! fri5d ( ! ,"l ( ! ,manor1 & has gold & diamonds be/[$ ^u him 9 galore4 ,! ,russian v]sion is t a poor little orphan boy buys a cat1 :i* "s mis*iev\s boys 7 teas+1 = ?ree copecks 7ab\t a p5ny74 ,tak5 into ! s]vice ( a m]*ant ! latt] goes to a di/ant c\ntry1 accompani$ by ! cat ( ! orphan boy4 ,puss mak+ sad "w ( "s rats1 :i* ?reat5$ to make an end ( ! m]*ant 9 ! inn1 :i* he occupi$4 ,he ultimately sold ! cat to ! l&lord = a sack full ( gold4 ,return+ home1 on 8 way ?i!r1 he ?\ght h[ fooli% x w\ld be to give all ! money to ! boy4 ,:]eupon a dreadful /orm arose1 & ! vessel1 9 :i* 0 ! m]*ant1 0 9 dang] ( s9k+4 ,! m]*ant1 kn[+ t ! /orm _h aris5 ?r\gh 8 *ange ( purpose1 pray$ to heav5 = =giv5ess1 :5 ! sea became calm1 & ! vessel arriv$ safely 9 port1 :5 ! m]*ant paid ov] to ! orphan boy all ! weal? obta9$ by ! sale ( ! cat4 ,9 ! ,p]sian v]sion1 unlike ! o!r leg5ds1 ! cat is own$ by a poor wid[1 :o _h be5 impov]i%$ ?r\gh h] sons1 & 0 left ) only a cat4 ,! sale ( ! cat produces great weal?2 & ! wid[1 ,kays]1 imm$iately s5ds = h] sons to %>e h] newly-acquir$ =tune4 ,:at foll[s is diff]5t to ! o!r v]sions ( ^! wond]ful cat /ories4 ,! sons only too eag] to %>e ! weal? ( _! "m1 fit out _m vessels1 & beg9 to trade l>gely ) ,india & ,arabia4 ,?9k+ t to acquire weal? by comm]ce alone1 r sl[ "w1 !y turn$ pirates1 & 7 a s\rce ( tr\ble & annoyance to ! neighb\r+ /ates1 till ab\t #abcj ,a4,d41 :5 !y 7 r$uc$ to vassalage "u ,p]sian rule4 ,! ,h\se t ,jack ,built has its prototype 9 a sacr$ hymn 9 ! ,talmud ( ! ,hebrews4 ,jack1 ! ,giant ,kill] & ,jack & ! ,bean/alk are two v anci5t !mes com+ f ! ,nor?1 ( ! "t1 x is said1 ( ,k+ ,ar?ur1 & ( ! days :5 ,giants 7 ^u ! e>?4 ,! well-kn[n cry ( ! giants 9 ^! leg5ds-- ,fe1 ,fi1 ,fo1 ,fum1 ,i smell ! blood ( an ,engli%man2 ,be he alive or be he dead1 ,i'll gr9d 8 bones to make my bread1 is also ref]r$ to by ,%akespe>e 9 ,k+ ,le>1 9 ,act ,,iii41 ,sc5e #e1 :5 ,edg> s+s3-- ,*ild ,r[l& to ! d>k ,t[] came2 ,8 ^w 0 /ill1 fee1 foh1 & fum1 ,i smell ! blood ( an ,engli%man4 ,! ,engli% v]sion ( ! /ory ( ,jack ! ,giant ,kill]1 mu/1 !re=e1 be old] ?an ! "t ( ,elizabe?4 ,x is also a /range & significant fact t among/ ! ,zulus1 & ! inhabitants ( ! ,fiji ,isl&s1 !re are simil> leg5ds ( ! /ory ( ,jack & ! ,bean/alk4 ,! /ory ( ,jack & ! ,bean/alk is also to be f\nd 9 old ,h9doo tales1 9 :i* ! beans d5ote abundance4 ,! ,russians h a /ory 9 :i* a bean falls to ! gr\nd1 & an old man1 ! ,sun1 climbs up by x to heav54 ,! ogre 9 ! l& above ! skies1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,b>+ ,g\ld1 :o 0 once ! all-fa!r1 possess$ ?ree treasures--a h>p1 :i* play$ ( itself en*ant+ music2 bags ( gold & diamonds2 & a h5 :i* daily laid a gold5 egg4 ,! h>p is ! w9d1 ! bags ( gold are ! cl\ds dropp+ ! sp>kl+ ra91 & ! gold5 egg laid e day by ! r$ h5 is ! produc+ sun4 ,! same idea 9 ,jack & ! ,bean/alk occurs 9 ! fairy leg5ds ( ! ,nor? & ! ,ea/1 z well z 9 ,grecian /ories4 ,9 ,jack ! ,giant ,kill]1 ! gifts giv5 to ,jack are f\nd 9 ,t>t>1 ,h9doo1 ,sc&9avian1 & ,g]man leg5ds4 ,n[ let u note briefly ! orig9 ( ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood & ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty 9 ! ,wood4 ,all ! o!r fairy /ories t we "k ( are to be f\nd 9 o!r c\ntries1 & spr++ orig9ally f ,asia1 :]e !y 7 made ages & ages ago4 ,! ,wolf 9 ! /ory ( ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood has be5 lik5$ to ! days ( our own ,bluff ,k+ ,hal1 ow+ to ! latt]'s suppression ( ! mona/]ies1 & ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood h]self1 :om ! ,wolf subsequ5tly eats1 ) h] hood & habit1 0 suppos$ to be typical ( ! mona/ic ord]s4 ,! ,h9doo's v]sion ( ! ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood /ory is a pretty & fanciful "o4 ,_! idea 0 t !re 0 always a great ,dragon endeav\r+ to dev\r ,indra1 ! ,sun god1 & to prev5t ! ,sun f %9+ ^u ! e>?1 ,indra ultimately ov]comes ! ,dragon4 ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood1 ) h] w>m habit1 is suppos$ to be ! sett+ sun ca/+ its r$ & glitt]+ rays z x s9ks to re/4 ,! old ,gr&mo!r is ,"m ,e>?2 & ! ,wolf1 ! ,dragon2 & :5 all is d>k & /ill1 ! ,wolf swall[s ! ,gr&mo!r1 namely1 ! ,e>?2 & aft]w>ds1 z ,night has fall51 ! ,ev5+ ,sun4 ,! ,huntsman d5otes ! ,morn+ ,sun1 & he *ases away all ! d>k cl\ds ga!r$ dur+ ! night1 & by do+ s kills ! ,wolf2 recov]s ! old ,gr&mo!r ,e>?1 & br+s to life aga91 ,little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood4 ,ano!r v]sion 7obs]ves ,mr4 ,t4 ,bunce7 is t ! ,wolf is ! d>k1 & dre>y w9t]1 t kills ! ,e>? ) fro/1 b :5 spr+ comes aga9 x br+s ! ,e>? & ! ,sun back to life4 ,9 ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty 9 ! ,wood1 ! maid5 has be5 lik5$ to ! ,morn+ dawn1 & ! "y ,pr9ce1 :o awak5s h]1 ) a kiss1 to ! ,sun4 ,ali ,baba & ! ,=ty ,?ieves1 9 conclud+ ?is *apt]1 ,i may say1 ) ,! ,fair ,"o ) ,gold5 ,locks1 =ms to ! sup]/iti\s ! only two unlucky ,pantomime subjects4 ,s9dbad1 ! ,sailor1 tak5 f ! ,arabian ,nights1 has its orig9 9 ,p]sian & ,arabian tales4 ,( all our ,pantomime subjects1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 seems to be ! only "o we c prop]ly lay claim to z be+ ( our own make1 s to speak1 & writt5 by ,daniel ,de ,foe1 &1 9 ! ma91 f ! imag9ation4 ,de ,foe1 x has be5 /at$1 d]iv$ 8 idea = ?is /ory f ! adv5tures ( "o1 ,alex&] ,selkirk1 a ,scot*man1 :o _h be5 a ca/away on ! ,isl& ( ,juan ,f]n&ez4 ,! fir/ portion ( ,rob9son ,crusoe appe>$ 9 ,! ,family ,in/ructor1 9 #agai1 ( :i* ,de ,foe 0 ! f\nd]4 ,x1 at once1 sprang into popul>ity1 & has left its au?or undy+ fame4 ,de ,foe 0 born ab\t #affj 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,giles1 ,cripplegate1 di$ #bf? ,april1 #agca1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,bunhill ,fields4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,pantomime 9 ,am]ica4 ,pantomime1 9 ,am]ica1 _h n a v long run1 x be+ kill$ by ! f>cical com$y4 ,mr4 ,e4,l4 ,blan*>d supposes t ,"m ,goose 0 ! fir/ ,pantomime play$ 9 ,am]ica1 b ?is is an error1 z x 0 n until #aghf1 :5 ,g>rick's ,h>lequ9's ,invasion1 & ,r4 ,pocock's ,rob9son ,crusoe 7 play$ at ! ,john ,/reet ,!atre1 ,new ,york1 t ,pantomime made its adv5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,"m ,goose 0 aft]w>ds play$1 b x did n suit ! ,yankee's ta/e4 ,ri*'s ,h>lequ91 ,gay ( ,! ,begg>s ,op]a1 produc$ at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields ,!atre1 & :i* x is said made ,ri* ,gay1 & ,gay ,ri*1 also w5t to ,am]ica1 & :]e1 x is said1 he became ! ,*ief ( an ,indian tribe 9 ! ,f> ,we/4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,bubble ,gay held "s #bj1jjj4 ,8 fri5ds advis$ him to sell1 b he dream$ ( greatness & spl5d\r1 & refus$ _! c\nsel4 ,ultimately1 bo? ! pr(it & ! pr9cipal 0 lo/1 & ,gay sunk "u ! calamity s l[ t 8 life became 9 dang]4 ,am]ican ,pantomimes consi/$ ( a semi-pa/oral op5+1 p]=m$ almo/ entirely 9 dumb %[1 & a big trick ,h>lequ9ade1 & d[n to ! "t ( ,pantomime's decease 9 ,am]ica 0 x play$ l ?is4 ,george ,l4 ,fox made ,pantomime highly popul> 9 ,am]ica4 ,born 9 ,may ( #ahbe1 he1 z an actor & com$ian 9 ,yankee & ,iri% p>ts1 held 8 own 9 popul>ity ) ! great ,joseph ,jeff]son4 ,fox might be prop]ly t]m$ ,! ,grimaldi ( ,am]ica1 z he 0 ! repres5tative ,cl[n ( ! l& ( ! />s & /ripes4 ,8 ,cl[n's p>ts he dress$ l ,grimaldi1 & ) ! :it5$ face & bald head ( ,pi]rot1 ! ,fr5* type ( ,cl[n4 ,! ye> t ,"m ,goose came to ,new ,york saw ! introduction ( a ,fr5* tr\pe ( ,pantomimi/s1 kn[n z ! ,ravels4 ,9 imitation ( ^! p]=m]s ,fox introduc$ 9 ! 'fifties ballet ,pantomimes1 & sev]al ,ravelsque pieces l ,! ,r$ ,gnome & ,! ,s*oolma/] ) good results4 ,9 #ahfb ,fox 0 at ! ,b[]y ,!atre1 &1 dur+ 8 occupation ( ! same1 he did mu* to popul>ise ,pantomime4 ,half a doz5 ye>s aft]w>ds we f9d him at ! ,olympic ,!atre1 ,new ,york1 :]e he produc$ ,humpty ,dumpty1 :i* ran #dhc nights1 & = five ye>s1 till #ahgc1 x held its place1 on & (f1 9 ! bill4 ,altoge!r x 0 play$ #idc times4 ,fox1 f ?is1 0 kn[n z ,humpty ,dumpty1 &1 /rangely en\gh1 also1 ! ,am]icans = long en\gh aft]w>ds call$ e ,pantomime ,humpty ,dumpty4 ,fox 0 a v good mimic1 imitat+ all ! ,hamlets ( ! day1 besides be+ a good melodramatic actor4 ,he di$ ,octob] #bd?1 #ahgg1 at ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ( s(t5+ ( ! bra94 ,tony ,d5i]1 a pupil ( ! ,ravels1 & a quondam fri5d ( ,fox1 next took ,fox's place 9 ! e/imation ( ! ,am]ican public4 ,( ,d5i]1 we are told t he arriv$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #aheb1 ) ! prov]bial half-cr[n 9 8 pocket4 ,he 0 ( ,fr5* extraction1 & desc5d$ f "o ( ! be/ ,fr5* families4 ,9 #ahfc he 0 ) ,p4,t4 ,b>num1 & appe>+ z a "o-legg$ danc]4 ,9 #ahfh1 he w5t into ,pantomime1 t\r$ ,humpty ,dumpty1 & = "s tw5ty ye>s aft]w>ds kept ! ,pantomimic ball m]rily roll+ until 8 retirem5t at ,*icago into private life4 ,d5i] made ,h>lequ9ade tricks a speciality4 ,pantomime 9 ,am]ica may be said to h liv$ ab\t a qu>t] ( a c5tury2 b 9 ! autumn ( ?is ye> 7#aija7 ,pantomime1 z we n[ "k x 9 ?is c\ntry1 made its fir/ appe>ance at ! ,broadway ,!atre1 ,new ,york1 :5 la/ ye>'s ,drury ,lane annual1 ,! ,sleep+ ,beauty & ! ,bea/1 0 successfully pres5t$4 ,x is v probable t ?is class ( ent]ta9m5t w become v popul> 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,pantomimes made m attractive--,! ,re/rictive ,policy ( ! ,pat5t ,h\ses--,"m ,goose & ,george ,b>nwell at ,cov5t ,g>d5--,lively ,audi5ces--,jane ,%ore--,h>lequ9 ,pat & ,h>lequ9 ,bat--,! fir/ speak+ op5+--,extravag5ce 9 ,extravaganzas--,! doom ( ! old =m ( ,pantomime--,its revival 9 a new =m--,a piece ( pure ,pantomime--,pres5t day ,mimetic ,art--,l',enfant ,prodigue--,a retrospect--,! old ) ! new1 & conclusion4 ,pantomimes1 z !y grew1 7 made m & m attractive1 new sc5]y1 decorations1 & fly+s 7 introduc$1 & ) new fly+s1 ( c\rse1 m accid5ts4 ,! re/rictive policy adopt$ by ! ,pat5t !atres--till ! repeal ( _! pat5ts 7#ahdc7--t[>ds ! m9or h\ses1 :i* gave to ! =m] ! sole & only "r ( p]=m+ ! legitimate 01 by ! m9or !atres1 infr+$ 9 _m ways4 ,! means adopt$ 0 ! employm5t ( ,pantomime 9 ! depiction ( plays adapt$ & consid]$ suitable = ! m9or !atres4 ,^! 7 entirely c>ri$ on by action1 & :5 ! actor c\ld n express some?+ t _h to be expla9$1 l ! names ( *>act]s1 a scroll1 ) ! necess>y details inscrib$ !reon1 0 unroll$ 9 full view ( ! audi5ce4 ,^! ent]ta9m5ts 7 v popul> at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & !y 7 also ! means ( provid+ "s fir/-class ,pantomimi/s--z1 = in/ance1 ,bologna & ,d',egville4 ,9 a c\ple ( volumes by ,mr4 ,j4,c4 ,cross1 entitl$1 ,circusiana1 ! au?or ( _m ( ^! old dumb %[s1 ! read] c see :at !y 7 l4 ,! scripts ( ^! plays consi/$1 l our anci5t ,platts & ! ,italian ,sc5>ios1 ( pr9cipally /age directions4 ,john ,palm]1 ! actor :o di$ on ! /age ( ! ,!atre ,royal1 ,liv]pool--n[ us$ = ! purpose ( a cold /orage--aft] utt]+1 9 ! "p ( ,! ,/rang]1 ! words ,!re is ano!r & a bett] _w1 f\nd t1 aft] build+ 8 !atre1 ! ,royalty1 9 ,wellclose ,squ>e1 t he 0 prohibit$ its use1 us$ to give ,pantomimic repres5tations1 & j 9 a simil> way z :at ! m9or !atres did1 z m5tion$ above4 ,x is amus+ to note h[ ! titles ( "s ( ,%akespe>e's works--:i* at "o "t ! ,pat5t !atres _h ! monopoly--7 got ov]2 ,hamlet has be5 kn[n to h be5 play$ z ,me?9ks ,i see my ,fa!r2 ,o!llo1 z ,is ,he ,jeal\s82 ,romeo & ,juliet1 z ,h[ to ,die = ,love2 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 "u ,diamond ,cut ,diamond1 & s on4 ,music & danc+ also 7 introduc$ ad lib into ^! p]=mances4 ,! ,pantomime ( ,"m ,goose1 produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,decemb] #bi1 #ahjf1 :i* ran #ib nights1 0 prec$$ by ,george ,b>nwell1 & br\ght "s #bj1jjj into ! !atre treasury4 ,/rangely en\gh1 = ab\t ?irty ye>s1 x 0 ! unv>y+ rule to play ,george ,b>nwell at ?is !atre on a ,box+ ,night1 :i*1 f all acc\nts1 ow+ to ! livel9ess ( ! gods & goddesses assembl$ on ^! occasions--! ,trag$y 0 z mu* a ,pantomime z ! ,pantomime prop] t foll[$4 ,( ^! m]ry mom5ts ,dibd9 recalls t ,trag$ies1 ,com$ies1 & ,op]as 7 doom$ to suff] all ! complicat$ comb9ations ( ,pray ask t g5tleman to sit d[n1 ,take (f y\r hat8 & ! l4 ,b ! mom5t1 cont9ues ,dibd91 ! curta9 goes up 7on ! ,pantomime71 if any un=tunate g5tleman speaks a ^w !y make no reply1 b ?r[ him ov] directly4 ,seem+ly aft]w>ds1 at ,pantomime "t1 ,b>nwell 0 disc>d$ 9 fav\r ( ,jane ,%ore1 z 9 ,! ,!atrical ,magaz9e we f9d a writ] p5n+ ! foll[+3-- ,a few ye>s s9ce x 0 ! e/abli%$ rule to play ,george ,b>nwell1 by way1 we suppose1 ( a great moral lesson to ! appr5tices ( ,london4 ,9 ?is age ( innovation ?is v5]able cu/om has be5 brok5 d[n1 b ! pr9ciple seems n :olly to h be5 ab&on$4 ,jane ,%ore has supplant$ ,b>nwell1 & ! anxieties ( ! age1 are1 x w\ld appe>1 n[ direct$ t[>ds ! s(t] sex4 ,s]i\sly speak+1 we consid] ^! ,*ri/mas selections z exce$+ly absurd4 ,visitants at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> frequ5t ! !atre less = ! purpose ( see+ ! play ?an ! ,pantomime1 & at bo? !atres x 0 ?is ev5+ _! *ief1 & almo/ only1 attraction2 = ! trag$y ( ,r[e1 :i* is ( v little m]it1 d]iv$ b trifl+ int]e/ or effect f ! p]=m]s :o p]sonat$ ! prom95t *>act]s4 ,moreov] ! lessons ( ! pulpit h un=tunately b too slight an influ5ce on ^? :o att5d !m1 & we are r fe>ful ! moral b5efits to be d]iv$ f ^! /age lectures1 to ! appr5tices & s]vants ( ! metropolis1 d n c\nt]vail ! loss ( pleasure su/a9$ by ^? :o w\ld be s mu* bett] pleas$2 &1 !re=e1 p]haps1 taught by a lively com$y1 satiris+ "s ( ! light vices or laughable follies ( ! age4 ,we tru/ ?is !atrical nuisance w be = ! future re=m$2 we c almo/ excuse ! holiday folks = be+ turbul5t1 :5 we reflect ^u ! insult (f]$ to _! und]/&+s1 9 ! treatm5t !y receive on ^! occasions4 ,9 #ahcj1 at ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre1 ,peake introduc$ into ! ,pantomime ( ,h>lequ9 ,pat1 & ,h>lequ9 ,bat a speak+ op5+4 ,pantomime1 h[ev]1 pursu$ ! ev5 t5\r ( its way until ! production at ! ,adelphi1 ab\t #aheg1 ( a ,pantomime1 ) a burlesque op5+1 & ! ?9 end ( ! w$ge 0 provid$1 writt5 by ,m>k ,lemon4 ,9 ! ,h>lequ9ade1 ,madame ,cele/e appe>$ z ,h>lequ9 la ,watteau1 & ,miss ,m>y ,keeley 0 ! ,columb9e4 ,^! ,extravaganzas1 f ! p5 ( ,plan*1 ) sc5]y by ,bev]ley1 & all "u ! managem5t ( ,ve/ris1 aft]w>ds became q ! rage4 ,i h previ\sly ref]r$ to ! excell5ce ( ,bev]ley's sc5es "u ! regime ( ,madame ,ve/ris4 ,extravagance 9 ,extravaganzas1 l ,! ,blue ,bird1 ,once ,^u a ,"t1 & ! l1 caus$ ! manag]s1 9 ! matt] ( sc5]y1 to ent] into s]i\s competition ) "o ano!r4 ,pantomime1 x 0 ?\ght1 0 doom$1 z its decease at ?is epo* seem$ imp5d+4 ,x manag$1 h[ev]1 to come aga9 into popul> fav\r1 b 9 a v diff]5t %ape4 ,in/ead ( ! usual comic ,pantomime x 0 play$ by two diff]5t sets ( p]=m]s1 & hav+ no connection ) "o ano!r4 ,! op5+ sc5es1 l a soap bubble1 began to gr[ l>g] & l>g]1 ! d\ble plot 0 ab&on$1 ! ,trans=mation sc5e became ! pr9cipal feature1 & a long ,h>lequ9ade at ! end4 ,9 ! ,pantomime ( ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood1 writt5 by ,f4,w4 ,gre51 & produc$ at ,h] ,maje/y's ,!atre1 dur+ ! 'eighties1 an ef=t 0 made to compose & inv5t a piece ( pure ,pantomime4 ,! ,vokes family1 ,j4,t4 ,p[]s1 & o!rs1 appe>$ 9 ?is ,pantomime4 ,9 ,france & ,italy p>ticul>ly1 ! ,mimetic ,art /ill fl\ri%es2 b 9 ?is c\ntry x is practically a lo/ ,art4 ,"o ( ! be/ examples1 & mo/ successful1 we h _h 9 rec5t ye>s ( ?is anci5t =m ( ent]ta9m5t 9 ?is c\ntry 0 t ( ,l',enfant ,prodigue1 play$ by ,mdlle4 ,jane ,may & a ,fr5* ,company ( ,pantomimi/s4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al o!r v brilliant ,pantomimi/s excell5t 9 _! ,art1 l ! ,m>t9etti tr\pe1 ! two bro!rs ,r5ad1 & ! ,leopolds4 ,x is a pity 7obs]ves ,dick5s1 9 ',! ,!atre'7 t ! k ( x 7,pantomime7 _c be m ext5d$ among our mod]n actors & actresses1 s few ( :om und]/& any?+ ab\t ! effectiv5ess ( appropriate ge/ure4 ,a few lessons 9 ! bus9ess ( ,h>lequ9 w\ld tea* _m a "y man1 = in/ance1 ! simple lesson t arms may be mov$ ) advantage f ! %\ld] z well z f ! elb[2 & s we %\ld get rid ( "o ( ! awkw>de/1 uglie/1 & commone/ ( mod]n /age tricks4 ,& !re w\ld be no?+ d]ogatory 9 ! /udy4 ,_m ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ actors h graduat$ 9 ,pantomime4 ,mr4 ,dav5port ,adams1 writ+ 9 ,! ,!atre1 = ,janu>y1 #ahhb1 on ! decl9e ( ,pantomime1 says3-- ,we may say ( pres5t-day ,pantomime t ! trail ( ! music-hall is ov] x all4 ,i admit ! extreme ability ( c]ta9 music-hall com$ians4 ,i object1 h[ev]1 altoge!r1 to ! intrusion ( su* arti/s into ! doma9 ( ,pantomime1 & ,i d s because !y1 & o!rs n s able1 br+ ) !m1 s to speak1 an atmosph]e :i* x is sad to see import$ into ! !atre4 ,!y br+ ) !m1 n only _! songs1 :i*1 :5 (f5sive 9 _! word+1 are sometimes made d\bly dang]\s by _! tunefulness2 n only _! dances1 :i* are usually vulg>1 :5 !y are n inane1 b _! /yle & mann] & 'gags1' :i* are g5]ally ! mo/ deplorable ( all4 ,! objection to music-hall arti/s on ! /age is1 n only t !y take ! bread out ( ! m\?s ( '! pr(ession1' :i* is a m9or consid]ation = ! public1 b t !y h ! effect ( famili>is+ g5]al audi5ces1 & *ildr5 especially1 ) a /yle & a k9d ( s++1 danc+1 & 'bus9ess' :i*1 h[ev] x may be reli%$ by a c]ta9 class ( ! population1 ought /eadily to be conf9$ to its orig9al habitat4 ,! manag]s are1 ( c\rse1 v mu* to blame1 = x is by _! p]mission1 if n by _! desire1 t y\?ful e>s are regal$ ) ',w'/1 w'/1 w'/1' & simil> elegant compositions4 ,su* songs z ^! w\ld n be tol]at$ by pat]familias 9 8 draw+-room1 yet1 :5 he takes 8 *ildr5 to ! ,pantomime1 !y are ! mo/ prom95t portion ( ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury1 ,pantomimes1 9 ! =m s de> to our =efa!rs1 sometimes twice ye>ly--at ,ea/] & ,*ri/mas--7 giv54 ,! comic & o!r sc5es 7 9 t true s5se ( ! ^w humor\s & funny4 ,! reason 0 n f> to seek1 z !y 7 all play$ by actors4 ,! music-hall _h n1 z f> z ,pantomime 0 conc]n$1 made su* inroads z at ! pres5t "t x has done into ! dramatic pr(ession4 ,cl[n1 to pat] & mat]familias1 & o!rs1 0 a s\rce ( g5u9e enjoym5t2 & ?\gh !y may h pass$ ! s]e & yell[ leaf ( age1 ! laughs & he>ty m]rim5t ( _! gr&-*ildr5 ga!r$ ar\nd !m made !m ?9k ( o!r days1 :5 !y 7 "y !mselves4 ,picture !m all1 de> read]1 sitt+ 9 ! ,family ,circle--n[ t]m$ ! ,dress ,circle--a happy p>ty ) smil+ & cont5t$ faces1 laugh+ at "s g5u9e act+--,pantomime ?\gh x be--no d\ble ent5dre songs1 & no?+ to be a%am$ (4 ,to ! "y a visit to ! ,pantomime 0 inv>iably a ye>ly occurr5ce to be joyfully rememb]$ till ! next ,box+ ,day came r\nd aga94 ,d !y1 or c !y1 und]/& ,pantomime 9 its pres5t =m8 ,i v mu* d\bt x4 ,:5 t[>ds ! close ( ! 'fifties1 & ! d\ble plot 0 ab&on$1 ! "* ( ,h>lequ9 began to be play$ by wom51 ! orig9 ( :at is n[ kn[n z ! pr9cipal boy1 & "s acrobatic turns1 or o!r speciality bus9ess1 began to be introduc$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! ,pantomime1 :i* greatly disc\nt$ ! ef=ts ( ,h>lequ9 & ,cl[n4 ,ano!r competitor t took up ! runn+ to ! abolition ( ,cl[n & 8 companions1 0 ! music-hall1 :i* began introduc+ ,pantomimes & ballets4 ,! fir/ to d ?is1 "s ye>s ago1 0 ! ,cant]bury1 o!r halls soon foll[+ suit4 ,! manag]s ( ! !atres took up arms1 ) ! result t v>i\s decisions1 *iefly av]se to ! music-halls1 7 obta9$4 ,a decision ( ! ,c\rt ( ,common ,pleas left ! music-halls 9 a position to give ballets ) co/ume & sc5ic effects )\t any su* control or precautions z 0 ex]cis$ 9 !atres "u ! ,"l ,*amb]la9's au?ority4 ,! duration ( ! litigation 0 all ow+ to ! vague def9ition ,/ageplays 9 ! #f & #g ,vict4 c4 #fh1 & ( ,music1 danc+ & public ent]ta9m5ts 9 ! ,act #be1 ,geo4 ,,ii41 c4 #cj4 ,( pres5t-day ,pantomime1 ) ! imm5se sums sp5t annually on its gorge\s spectacul> display & co/ly dresses1 !re is no necessity = me "h to dilate ^u1 z x is a subject t is well kn[n to u all4 ,all t is beautiful ab\t x is due pr9cipally to ! sc5ic arti/s & ! co/umi]s4 ,! be/ p>ts are1 z a g5]al rule1 allott$ to music-hall />s1 ^: names w draw ! mo/ money4 ,& ! foll[]s ( ,!spis h1 until ! reign ( ,k+ ,pantomime is ov]1 to take (t5times second-class places 9 ! ,pantomimic =m ( ent]ta9m5t ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ! old days ev]yone look$ =w>d to ! p]=mances ( ,cl[n & 8 companions2 b little by little _! bus9ess w5t1 until f9ally ?is has dw9dl$ d[n to ab\t "o or two sc5es--:i*1 9 "s few in/ances is /ill reta9$4 ,& n[ to =mally r+ d[n1 & 9 writ+ ! tag1 !re is1 ,i may say1 ) ! s\nd ( ! prompt]'s bell1 a melan*oly r+ z ! pass+ knell ( ,cl[n & 8 m]ry companions1 & ! tag1 z x 71 _! epitaph4 ,pantomimes--z our =efa!rs knew !m--h become a ?+ ( ! pa/1 & ! survivors1 ,cl[n & 8 comrades1 ! =m] ^: quips & quiddities1 9 *ildhood's happy days1 _m ( u /ill lov+ly rememb]2 ! wond]m5t ) :i* we gaz$ at ! magical tricks wr\ght by ,h>lequ9 & 8 w&2 ! qua9t conceits & ambl+ gait ( ,pantaloon2 &1 la/ b n lea/1 bewit*+ ,columb9e1 ) :om1 mo/ likely z ea* ye> came r\nd1 9 y\?ful ard\r we fell anew 9 love's toils1 are all rapidly vani%+ into ! dim & di/ant pa/1 & to live 9 ! future only 9 ! memory4 ,,curta94