file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #acdfg-;h4htm or #acdfg-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/c_ /d_/f_/acdfg_/acdfg-;h_/#acdfg-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/c_ /d_/f_/acdfg_/acdfg-;h4zip7 ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life by ,,m>ion ,,fo/] ,,wa%burne ,,! ,,libr>y ,,( ,,home ,,economics ,a ,,complete ,,home-,,/udy ,,c\rse ,,on ,,! ,,new ,,pr(ession ,,( ,,home-,,mak+ ,,& ,,art ,,( ,,"r ,,liv+2 ,,! ,,practical ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,rec5t ,,advances ,,9 ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,sci5ces ,,to ,,home ,,& ,,heal? ,,= ,,home-,,mak]s1 ,,mo!rs1 ,,tea*]s1 ,,physicians1 ,,nurses1 ,,dietitians1 ,,pr(essional ,,h\se ,,manag]s1 ,,& ,,all ,,int]e/$ ,,9 ,,home1 ,,heal?1 ,,economy ,,& ,,*ildr5 ,,twelve ,,volumes ,,ne>ly ,,?ree ,,?\s& ,,pages1 ,,"o ,,?\s& ,,illu/rations ,,te/$ ,,by ,,use ,,9 ,,correspond5ce ,,in/ruction ,,revis$ ,,& ,,supplem5t$ ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics #aijg ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,mod]n ,,madonna4 ,,au?ors ,,isabel ,,bevi]1 ,ph4,m4 ,pr(essor ( ,h\sehold ,sci5ce1 ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois4 ,au?or ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s1 ,developm5t ( ! ,home ,economics ,movem5t 9 ,am]ica1 etc4 ,,alice ,,pel\bet ,,norton1 ,m4,a4 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,home ,economics1 ,s*ool ( ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago2 ,director ( ! ,*autauqua ,s*ool ( ,dome/ic ,sci5ce4 ,s4 ,,m>ia ,,elliott ,in/ructor 9 ,home ,economics1 ,simmons ,college2 ,=m]ly ,in/ructor ,s*ool ( ,h\sekeep+1 ,bo/on4 ,,anna ,,b>r[s ,director ,*autauqua ,s*ool ( ,cook]y2 ,lectur] ,tea*]s' ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 & ,simmons ,college2 =m]ly ,editor ,am]ican ,kit*5 ,magaz9e2 ,au?or ,home ,sci5ce ,cook ,book4 ,,alfr$ ,,clevel& ,,cotton1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d4 ,pr(essor ,diseases ( ,*ildr51 ,ru% ,m$ical ,college1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago2 ,visit+ ,physician ,presbyt]ian ,hospital1 ,*icago2 ,au?or ( ,diseases ( ,*ildr54 ,,b]?a ,m4 ,,t]rill1 ,a4,b4 ,pr(essor 9 ,home ,economics 9 ,h>t=d ,s*ool ( ,p$agogy2 ,au?or ( ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s4 ,,kate ,,he9tz ,,watson ,=m]ly ,in/ructor 9 ,dome/ic ,economy1 ,lewis ,in/itute2 ,lectur] ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,,m>ion ,,fo/] ,,wa%burne ,editor ,! ,mo!rs' ,magaz9e2 ,lectur] ,*icago ,froebel ,association2 ,au?or ,ev]yday ,essays1 ,family ,secrets1 etc4 ,,m>g>et ,e4 ,,dodd ,graduate ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology2 ,tea*] ( ,sci5ce1 ,woodw>d ,in/itute4 ,,amy ,,elizabe? ,,pope ,) ! ,panama ,canal ,commission2 ,=m]ly ,in/ructor 9 ,practical & ,!oretical ,nurs+1 ,tra9+ ,s*ool = ,nurses1 ,presbyt]ian ,hospital1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,maurice ,,le ,,bosquet1 ,s4,b4 ,director ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,home ,economics2 ,memb] ,am]ican ,public ,heal? ,association & ,am]ican ,*emical ,society4 ,,contributors ,,& ,,editors ,,ell5 ,h4 ,,ri*>ds ,au?or ,co/ ( ,food1 ,co/ ( ,liv+1 ,co/ ( ,%elt]1 ,food ,mat]ials & ,_! ,adult]ation1 etc41 etc42 ,*airman ,lake ,placid ,conf]5ce on ,home ,economics4 ,,m>y ,,h9man ,,abel ,au?or ( ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s1 ,practical ,sanit>y & ,economic ,cook+1 ,safe ,food1 etc4 ,,?omas ,d4 ,,wood1 ,m4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,physical ,education1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,h4,m4 ,,lufk91 ,m4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,physical ,diagnosis & ,cl9ical ,m$ic9e1 ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota4 ,,otto ,,fol91 ,ph4,d4 ,special ,inve/igator1 ,mc,lean ,hospital1 ,wav]ly1 ,mass4 ,t4 ,,mit*ell ,,prudd51 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,au?or ,du/ & ,its ,dang]s1 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,bact]ia1 ,dr9k+ ,wat] & ,ice ,supplies1 etc4 ,,frank ,,*\teau ,,br[n ,ar*itect1 ,bo/on1 ,mass42 ,au?or ( ,! ,five ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture1 ,lett]s & ,lett]+4 ,,mrs4 ,,melvil ,,dewey ,secret>y ,lake ,placid ,conf]5ce on ,home ,economics4 ,,hel5 ,,l\ise ,,johnson ,pr(essor ( ,home ,economics1 ,james ,millikan ,univ]sity1 ,decatur4 ,,frank ,w4 ,,all51 ,m4,d4 ,in/ructor ,ru% ,m$ical ,college1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manag+ ,,editor ,,maurice ,,le ,,bosquet1 ,s4,b4 ,director ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,home ,economics4 ,,bo>d ,,( ,,tru/ees ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mrs4 ,,ar?ur ,,c\rt5ay ,,neville ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d4 ,,miss ,,m>ia ,,p>loa ,f\nd] ( ! fir/ ,cook+ ,s*ool 9 ,bo/on2 ,au?or ( ,home ,economics1 ,"y ,h\sekeep]1 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s1 etc4 ,,mrs4 ,,m>y ,,h9man ,,abel ,co-work] 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,kit*51 & ! ,rum=d ,food ,laboratory2 ,au?or ( ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s1 ,practical ,sanit>y & ,economic ,cook+1 etc4 ,,miss ,,alice ,,rav5hill ,special ,commission] s5t by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to report on ! ,s*ools ( ,home ,economics 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,sanit>y ,in/itute1 ,london4 ,,mrs4 ,,ell5 ,m4 ,,h5rot9 ,honor>y ,presid5t ,g5]al ,f$]ation ( ,woman's ,clubs4 ,,mrs4 ,,fr$]ic ,w4 ,,s*(f ,presid5t ,national ,congress ( ,mo!rs4 ,,mrs4 ,,l9da ,,hull ,,l>n$ ,pa/ ,presid5t ,national ,h\sehold ,economics ,association2 ,au?or ( ,ho/ess ( ,to-day4 ,,mrs4 ,,walt] ,mc,n,a,b ,,mill] ,*airman ( ! ,pure ,food ,committee ( ! ,g5]al ,f$]ation ( ,woman's ,clubs4 ,,mrs4 ,j4,a4 ,,kimb]ly ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,national ,h\sehold ,economics ,association4 ,,mrs4 ,,john ,,hoodless ,gov]nm5t ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,dome/ic ,sci5ce = ! prov9ce ( ,ont>io2 ,f\nd] ,ont>io ,normal ,s*ool ( ,dome/ic ,sci5ce1 n[ ! ,mac,donald ,in/itute4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,wild4 ,a ,takima "m1 ) papoose ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,by ,,m>ion ,,fo/] ,,wa%burne ,associate ,editor ,"m's ,magaz9e2 ,au?or ,ev]yday ,essays1 ,family ,secrets1 etc42 ,lectur] to ,*icago ,froebel ,association ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics #aijg ,,cont5ts ,,an ,,op5 ,,lett] ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,*ild ,,faults ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies ,,"* ,,build+ ,,play ,,occupations ,,art ,,& ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,*ild ,,life ,,/udies ,,& ,,accompli%m5ts ,,f9ancial ,,tra9+ ,,religi\s ,,tra9+ ,,application ,,( ,,pr9ciples ,,o!r ,,p',s ,,*ildr5 ,,! ,,sex ,,"q ,,fa!rs ,,! ,,unconsci\s ,,influ5ce ,,answ]s ,,to ,,que/ions ,,bibliography ,,supplem5tal ,,/udy ,,program ,,index ,,am]ican ,,s*ool ,,( ,,home ,,economics ,,*icago ,janu>y #a1 #aijg4 ,my de> ,madam3 ,9 beg9n+ ?is subject ( ! ,/udy ( ,*ild ,life !re may be lurk+ d\bts 9 y\r m9d z to :e!r any reliable rules c really be laid d[n4 ,!y seem to arise mo/ly f ! p]ception ( ! great diff]5ce betwe5 *ildr54 ,:at w d = "o *ild w n d = ano!r4 ,"s *ildr5 are easily p]suad$ & g5tle1 o!rs willful1 /ill o!rs sull5 unresponsive4 ,h[1 !n1 is x possible t a sy/em ( education & tra9+ c be devis$ suitable = _! v>i\s dispositions8 ,we mu/ rememb] t *ildr5 are mu* m alike ?an !y are diff]5t4 ,"o may h blue eyes1 ano!r gray1 ano!r black1 b !y all h two4 ,we are1 !re=e1 9 a position to make rules = creatures hav+ two eyes & ^! rules apply to eyes ( all colors4 ,*ildr5 may be n]v\s1 sangu9e1 bili\s1 or ple?oric1 b !y all h ! same k9d ( int]nal organs end ! same g5]al rules ( heal? apply to !m all4 ,9 ?is s]ies ( lessons ,i h endeavor$ to set =? pr9ciples briefly & to confirm !m by in/ances )9 ! exp]i5ce ( e obs]v] ( *ildhood4 ,! rules giv5 are su* z are held at pres5t by ! be/ educators to be bas$ ^u s\nd philosophy1 n at v>iance ) ! slight array or sci5tific facts at our comm&4 ,p]haps y y\rself may be able to add to ! numb] ( reliable facts intellig5tly report$ t mu/ be collect$ be=e mu* great] sci5tific advance is possible4 ,!re is1 to be sure1 an art ( application ( ^! rules bo? 9 matt]s ( heal? ( body & ( heal? ( m9d & ?is art mu/ be work$ out by ea* "m = ea* individual *ild4 ,we all recognize t x is a long endeavor be=e we c apply to our own lives su* pr9ciples ( conduct z we he>tily ackn[l$ge to be "r4 ,:y1 !n1 expect to be able to apply pr9ciples in/antly & un]r+ly to a little *ild8 ,if a rule fails :5 y attempt to apply x1 be=e que/ion+ ! pr9ciple1 may x n be well to "q y\r own tact & skill8 ,s f> z ,i c advise ) y 9 special in/ances ( difficulty1 ,i %all be v glad to d s2 n t ,i %all always "k :at to d myself1 b t we c get a little m light ^u ! problems by conf]r+ toge!r4 ,i "k well h[ difficult a matt] ?is ( *ild tra9+ is1 = e day1 9 ! managem5t ( my own family ( *ildr51 ,i f9d ea* philosophy1 sci5ce & art z ,i c comm& v mu* put to ! te/4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,signature3 ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 ,in/ructor ,illu/ration3 ,,freidri* ,,froebel ,by c\rtesy ( ,! ,p]ry ,pictures ,co41 ,mald51 ,mass4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,"p ,i4 ,! "y ( ! human species is less able to c>e = itself ?an ! "y ( any o!r species4 ,mo/ o!r creatures are able to walk1 or at any rate /&1 )9 a few h\rs ( bir?4 ,b ! human baby is absolutely dep5d5t & helpless1 unable ev5 to manufacture all ! animal heat t he requires4 ,! /udy ( 8 condition at bir? at once sugge/s a numb] ( practical proc$ures1 "s ( !m q at v>iance ) ! traditional proc$ures4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,*ild ,,develops ,sid5ote3 ,condition at ,bir? ,let u see1 !n1 exactly :at 8 condition is4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he is1 z ,vir*[1 an au?ority on physiological subjects decl>es1 m]ely a sp9al animal4 ,"s ( ! high] bra9 c5t]s d n yet exi/ at all1 :ile o!rs are 9 too incomplete a /ate = s]vice4 ,! v>i\s s5sations :i* ! baby exp]i5ces--heat1 light1 contact1 motion1 etc4--are s _m /imuli to ! developm5t ( ^! c5t]s4 ,if ! /imulus is too great1 ! developm5t is sometimes unduly ha/5$1 ) s]i\s results1 :i* %[ !mselves *iefly 9 lat] life4 ,! *ild :o is br\ght up a noisy room1 is con/antly talk$ to & fondl$1 is likely to develop prematurely1 to talk & walk at an e>ly age2 also to fall into n]v\s decay at an e>ly age4 ,& ev5 if by reason ( an unusually good h]$ity he escapes ^! dang]s1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t 8 intellectual p[] is n s great 9 adult life z x w\ld h be5 "u m favorable conditions4 ,a new baby1 l a "y plant1 requires d>kness & quiet = ! mo/ "p4 ,z he gr[s old]1 & %[s a spontane\s int]e/ 9 8 surr\nd+s1 he may fitt+ly h m light1 m companion%ip1 & exp]i5ce m s5sations4 ,sid5ote3 ,weight at ,bir? ,! av]age boy baby weighs ab\t sev5 p\nds at bir?2 ! av]age girl1 ab\t six & a half p\nds4 ,! head is l>g] 9 proportion to ! body ?an 9 aft] life2 ! nose is incomplete1 ! legs %ort & b[$1 ) a t5d5cy to fall back ^u ! body ) ! knees flex$4 ,?is natural t5d5cy %\ld be all[$ full play1 = ! flex$ position is said to be favorable to ! gr[? ( ! bones1 p]mitt+ ! c>tilag9\s ends ( ! bones to lie free f pressure at ! jo9ts4 ,! plates ( ! skull are n complete & d n fit toge!r at ! edges4 ,great c>e ne$s to be tak5 ( ! s(t spot ?us left expos$ on ! top ( ! head--! undevelop$ place :]e ! edges ( ^! bones come toge!r4 ,any injury "h 9 e>ly life is liable to affect ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ate ( ,developm5t ,! bony enclosures ( ! middle e> are unf9i%$ & ! eyes also are unf9i%$4 ,x is a "q yet to be settl$1 :e!r a new-born baby is bl9d & deaf or n4 ,at a rate1 he soon acquires a s5sitiv5ess to bo? light & s\nd1 al?\gh x is ?ree ye>s or m be=e he has amass$ suffici5t exp]i5ce to e/imate ) accuracy ! di/ance ( objects se5 or h]d4 ,he c cry1 suck1 sneeze1 c\gh1 kick1 & hold on to a f+]4 ,all ( ^! acts1 ?\gh !y d n yet imply p]sonality1 or ev5 m9d1 give evid5ce ( a wond]ful organism4 ,!y require ! co-op]ation ( _m delicate n]ves & muscles--a co-op]ation t has z yet baffl$ ! p[] ( sci5ti/s to expla94 ,al?\gh ! "y baby is 9 almo/ con/ant motion :ile he is awake1 he is altoge!r too weak to turn himself 9 b$ or to escape f an uncom=table position1 & he rema9s s = _m weeks4 ,?is con/ant motion is necess>y to 8 muscul> developm5t1 8 control ( 8 own muscles1 8 circulation1 &1 v probably1 to ! free transmission ( n]v\s en]gy4 ,!re=e1 x is ( ! fir/ importance t he has fre$om to move1 & he %\ld be giv5 "t e day to move & /ret* be=e ! fire1 )\t clo!s on4 ,x is well to rub 8 back & legs at ! same "t1 ?us supplem5t+ 8 gymna/ics ) a g5tle massage4 ,sid5ote3 ,educational ,beg9n+s4 ,by ! "t he is f\r or five weeks old x is safe to play ) him1 a little e day1 & ,froebel has made 8 ,play ) ! ,limbs "o ( 8 fir/ educational ex]cises4 ,9 ?is play ! "m lays ! baby1 undress$1 ^u a pill[ & cat*es ! little ankles 9 h] h&s4 ,sometimes %e prev5ts ! baby f kick+1 s t he has to /ruggle to get 8 legs free2 sometimes %e helps him1 s t he kicks m freely & regul>ly2 sometimes %e lets him pu% h>d aga9/ h] brea/4 ,all ! "t %e laughs & s+s to him1 & ,froebel has made a little song = ?is purposes4 ,s9ce consci\sness is r\s$ & deep5$ by s5sations1 rememb]$1 exp]i5c$1 & comp>$1 x is evid5t t ?is is m ?an a fanciful play2 t x is :at ,froebel claim$ = x--a real educational ex]cise4 ,by means1 ( x ! *ild may ga9 "s consci\sness ( companion%ip1 & ?us1 by contra/1 a deep] self-consci\sness4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ ,ef=ts ,! baby is at fir/ unable to hold up its head1 & 9 ?is he is j l all o!r animals1 = no animal1 except man1 holds up its head con/antly4 ,! human baby app>5tly makes ! ef=t1 because he desires to see m cle>ly--he c\ld d\btless see cle>ly en\gh = all physical purposes ) 8 head hung d[n1 b n en\gh to satisfy 8 awak5+ m5tality4 ,! ef=t to hold ! head up & to look ar\nd is !re=e reg>d$ by mo/ psy*ologi/s z "o ( ! fir/ tok5s ( an awak5+ intellectual life4 ,& ?is is true1 al?\gh ! fir/ ef=t seems to arise f an ov]plus ( n]v\s en]gy :i* makes ! neck muscles contract1 j z x makes o!r muscles contract4 ,! fir/ slight rais+s ( ! head are l ! fir/ kick+ movem5ts1 m]ely impulsive2 b ! *ild soon sees ! advantage ( ?is app>5tly accid5tal movem5t & tries to ma/] x4 ,prey],a consid]s t ! ef=ts to balance ! head among ! fir/ indications t ! *ild's w is tak+ possession ( 8 muscles4 ,8 own boy arriv$ at ?is po9t :5 he 0 betwe5 ?ree & f\r mon?s old4 ,sid5ote3 ,reflex ,grasp+ ,! grasp ( ! new-born baby's h& has a surpris+ p[]1 b ! baby himself has little to d ) x4 ,! muscles act because ( a /imulus pres5t$ by ! t\* ( ! f+]s1 v mu* z ! muscles ( a decapitat$ frog contract :5 ! curr5t ( electricity passes ov] !m4 ,?is is call$ reflex grasp+1 & ,dr4 ,l\is ,rob9son1,b ?9k+ t ?is e>ly /r5g? ( gasp 0 an important illu/ration ( & evid5ce = evolution1 tri$ exp]im5ts on "s sixty new-born babies4 ,he f\nd t !y c\ld su/a9 _! :ole weight by ! arms alone :5 _! h&s 7 clasp$ ab\t a sl5d] rod4 ,!y grasp$ ! rod at once & c\ld be lift$ f ! b$ by x & kept 9 ?is position ab\t half a m9ute4 ,he argu$ t ?is e>ly /r5g? ( arm1 :i* soon beg9s to disappe>1 0 survival f ! remote p]iod :5 ! baby's ance/ors 7 monkeys or monkey-l p :o liv$ 9 trees4 ,sid5ote3 ,beg9n+s ,( ,w ,p[] ,h[ev] ?is may be1 dur+ ! fir/ week ! baby's h&s are mu* ab\t 8 face4 ,by accid5t !y rea*1 ! m\?1 !y are suck$2 ! *ild feels himself suck its own fi/2 he feels 8 fi/ be+ suck$4 ,"s day x w occur to him t t fi/ belongs to ! same be+ :o owns ! suck+ m\?4 ,b at ?is po9t1 ,miss ,%9n,c has obs]v$1 ! baby is (t5 surpris$ & indignant t he _c move 8 arms ar\nd & at ! same "t suck 8 fi/4 ,?is discom=t helps him to make an ef=t to get 8 fi/ into 8 m\? & keep x !re1 & ?is ef=t %[s 8 w1 beg9n+ to take possession ( 8 h&s & arms4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ,w ,s9ce any faculty gr[s by its own ex]cise1 j z muscles gr[ by ex]cise1 e "t ! baby succe$s 9 gett+ 8 h&s to 8 m\? z a result ( desire1 e "t t he succe$s 9 grasp+ an object z result ( desire1 8 w p[] gr[s4 ,action ( ?is nature br+s 9 new s5sations1 & ! bra9 c5t]s us$ = record+ su* s5sations gr[4 ,z ! s5sations multiply1 he comp>es !m1 & an idea is born4 ,= ! beg9n+s ( m5tal developm5t no o!r me*anism is actually ne$$ ?an a bra9 & a h& & ! n]ves connect+ !m4 ,laura ,bridgeman & ,hel5 ,kell]1 bo? ( !m deaf & bl9d1 receiv$ _! education almo/ entirely ?r\gh _! h&s1 & yet !y 7 unusually capable ( ?9k+4 ,! *ild's h&s1 !n1 f ! beg9n+1 are ! s]vants ( 8 bra9-in/rum5ts by means ( :i* he c>ries impressions f ! out] _w to ! seat ( consci\sness1 & by :i* 9 turn he impr9ts 8 consci\sness ^u ! out] _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5tional ,grasp+ ,! av]age baby does n beg9 to grasp objects ) int5tion be=e ! f\r? mon?4 ,! fir/ grasp+ seems to be done by feel+1 )\t ! aid ( ! eye1 & is done ) ! f+]s ) no attempt to oppose ! ?umb to !m4 ,s closely does ! use ( ! ?umbs set opposite ! f+]s 9 grasp+ co9cide ) ! fir/ grasp+ ) ! aid ( sight1 t "s obs]v]s h be5 l$ to believe t z soon z ! baby le>ns to use its ?umb 9 ?is way he proves t he is beg9n+ to grasp ) int5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,ord] ( ,developm5t ,! ord] ( developm5t seems to be1 fir/1 automatism1 ! muscles contract+ ( !mselves 9 response to n]v\s /imuli2 second1 in/9ct1 ! inh]it$ wisdom ( ! race1 :i* discov]$ ages ago t ! h& c\ld be us$ to great] advantage :5 ! ?umb 0 sep>at$ f ! f+]s2 & ?irdly1 ! *ild's own intellig5ce & w mak+ use ( ?is natural & inh]it$ ma*9]y4 ,?is ord] holds true ( ! developm5t1 n only ( ! h&1 b ( ! :ole organism4 ,sid5ote3 ,look+ ,a little e>li] ?an ?is1 dur+ ! ?ird mon?1 ! baby fir/ looks ^u 8 own h&s & notices !m4 ,d>w9 tells u t 8 boy look$ at 8 own h&s & seem$ to /udy !m until 8 eyes cross$4 ,ab\t ! same !n ! *ild notices 8 foot & uses 8 h& to c>ry x to its m\?4 ,x is "s "t lat] t he discov]s t he c move 8 feet )\t 8 h&s4 ,sid5ote3 ,te>+ ,ab\t ?is "t1 ?ree or f\r mon?s old1 ! *ild beg9s to te> pap] into pieces1 & may be easily taught to let ! piece1 t h f\nd _! way into 8 m\? be tak5 out aga94 ,n[1 too1 he beg9s to ?r[ ?+s1 or to drop !m2 !n he wants to get !m back aga91 & ! pati5t "m mu/ pick !m up & give !m back _m times4 ,sometimes a baby is puni%$ = ?is proclivity1 b x is really a "p ( 8 developm5t1 & at lea/ once a day he %\ld be all[$ to play 9 ?is mann] to 8 he>t's cont5t4 ,x is tact1 n discipl9e1 t is ne$$1 & ! m he is help$ ! soon] he w live ?r\gh ?is /age & come to ! next po9t :]e he beg9s to ?r[ ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,?r[+ ,9 ?is /age1 ( c\rse1 he mu/ be giv5 ! prop] ?+s to ?r[--small1 bright-color$ wor/$ balls1 bean-bags1 & o!r h>mless objects4 ,if he is all[$ to discov] ! pleasure !re is 9 sma%+ glass & *9a1 he w c]ta9ly be1 = a "t1 a v de/ructive little p]son4 ,:5 lat] he is able to creep ?r[ 8 ball & creep aft] x--he w amuse himself = h\rs at a "t1 & s relieve ^? :o h pati5tly att5d$ him up to ?is "t4 ,9 g5]al we may lay d[n ! rule1 t ! m "t & att5tion ( ! "r sort is to a "y *ild1 ! less w ne$ to be giv5 z he gr[s old]4 ,x is poor economy to neglect a "y *ild1 & try to make x up on ! gr[+ boy or girl4 ,?is is to sub/itute a complicat$ & difficult problem = a simple "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,grasp+ ,in/9ct ,x is "s "t be=e a *ild's w c s ov]come 8 newly-acquir$ t5d5cy to grasp e possible object t he c keep 8 h& (f ( any?+ t invites him4 ,! _m battles betwe5 mo!rs & *ildr5 x ! subject ( n t\*+ =bidd5 ?+s are at ?is /age a g5u9e wrong & inju/ice to ! *ild4 ,s "y a *ild is sc>cely m responsible = t\*+ :atev] he c rea* t is a piece ( /eel = be+ drawn t[>d a p[]ful magnet4 ,prey] says t x is ye>s be=e volunt>y inhibitions ( grasp+ become possible4 ,! *ild has n ! necess>y bra9 ma*9]y4 ,comm&s & sp>r+ ( ! h&s create bewild]m5t & t5d to build up a b>ri] betwe5 "m & *ild4 ,in/ead ( do+ su* ?+1 simply put high out ( rea* & sight :atev] ! *ild mu/ n t\*4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* "y *ildr5 are (t5 made to suff] because ( ! ignorance ( p>5ts is ! leav+ ( undesir$ food on ! *ild's plate4 ,e *ild1 :5 he does n want 8 food1 pu%es ! plate away f him1 & _m mo!rs pu% x back & scold4 ,! real tru? is t ! motor sugge/ion ( ! food ^u ! plate is s /rong t ! *ild feels z if he 7 be+ =c$ to eat x e "t he looks at ! plate2 to escape f eat+ x he is oblig$ to pu% x out ( sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,?ree ,mon?s' ,baby ,b ?is difficulty comes lat]4 ,n[ we are conc]n$ ) a ?ree-mon?s-old baby4 ,at ?is /age ! *ild is usually able to balance 8 head1 to sit up aga9/ pill[s1 to seize & grasp objects1 & to hold out 8 arm1 :5 he wi%es to be tak54 ,al?\gh he may h made numb] ( ef=ts to sit erect1 & may h succe$$ = a few m9utes at a "t1 he /ill is f> f be+ able to sit alone1 unsupport$4 ,?is he does n accompli% until ! fif? or ! mon?4 ,sid5ote3 ,dang] ( ,=c+ ,!re is no?+ to be ga9$ by try+ to make him sit alone soon]2 inde$1 !re is dang] 9 x--dang] 9 =c+ "y bones & muscles to d "w beyond _! /r5g?1 & dang] also to ! n]ves4 ,x is safe to say t a normal *ild always ex]cises all its faculties to ! utmo/ )\t ne$ ( urg+1 & any ex]cise beyond ! po9t ( natural fatigue1 if p]si/$ 91 is sure to br+ ab\t abnormal results4 ,sid5ote3 ,creep+ ,! fir/ ef=ts t[>d creep+ (t5 appe> 9 ! ba? :5 ! *ild turns ov] & raise1 himself ^u 8 h&s & knees4 ,?is is sign t he might creep soon]1 if he 7 n imp$$ by clo?+4 ,he %\ld be all[$ to spread himself ^u a blanket e day = an h\r or two1 & to get on 8 knees z frequ5tly z he pleases4 ,(t5 he ne$s a little help to make him creep =w>d1 = mo/ babies creep backw>d at fir/1 _! arms be+ /rong] ?an _! legs4 ,"h ! "m may safely int]f]e1 pu%+ ! legs z !y ought to g & %[+ ! *ild h[ to manage himself2 = v (t5 he becomes mu* excit$ ov] 8 inability to creep =w>d4 ,! climb+ in/9ct beg9s to appe> by ?is "t--! sev5? mon?--& "h ! /air-case has its great advantages4 ,x ought n to be %ut f him by a gate1 b he %\ld be taught h[ to climb up & d[n x 9 safety4 ,to d ?is1 />t him at ! head ( ! /airs1 &1 y y\rself be+ bel[ him1 draw fir/ "o knee & !n ! o!r ov] ! /ep1 ?us %[+ him h[ to creep backw>d4 ,two lessons ( ab\t tw5ty m9utes ea* w be suffici5t4 ,! only dang] is creep+ d[n head =emo/1 b if he once le>ns ?or\ghly to g backw>d1 & has n be5 all[$ ! o!r way at all1 he w nev] dream ( try+ x4 ,9 go+ d[n backw>d1 if he %\ld slip1 he c easily save himself by cat*+ ! /airs ) 8 h&s z he slips pa/4 ,! *ild :o creeps is (t5 lat] 9 8 attempts to walk ?an ! *ild :o does n2 &1 !re=e1 :5 he is ready to walk1 8 legs w be all ! /rong]1 & ! dang] ( b[-legs w be pa/4 ,z long z ! *ild rema9s satisfi$ ) creep+1 he is n yet ready ei!r m5tally or physically = walk+4 ,sid5ote3 ,/&+ ,if ! *ild has be5 all[$ to creep ab\t freely1 he w soon be /&+4 ,he w pull himself to 8 feet by means ( any *air1 table1 or inde$ any?+ t he may get hold (4 ,to avoid injur+ him1 no flimsy *airs or sp9dle-legg$ tables %\ld be all[$ 9 8 nurs]y4 ,he w next beg9 to sidle ar\nd a *air1 %uffl+ 8 feet 9 a vague fa%ion1 & sometimes1 ne$+ bo? ( 8 h&s to seize "s covet$ object1 he w /& )\t cl++1 lean+ on 8 /oma*4 ,an unhurri$ *ild may rema9 at ?is /age = weeks4 ,sid5ote3 ,walk+ ,let alone1 z he %\ld be1 he w walk )\t kn[+ h[ he does x1 & w be ! /rong] = hav+ ov]come 8 difficulties himself4 ,he %\ld n be coax$ to /& or walk4 ,! ?+s 9 8 room actually urge him to come & get !m4 ,any fur!r p]suasion is =c$1 & may urge him beyond 8 /r5g?4 ,walk+-*airs & baby-jump]s are injuri\s 9 ?is respect4 ,!y keep ! *ild f 8 native fre$om ( sprawl+1 climb+1 & pull+ himself up4 ,! activity !y d p]mit is less v>i$ & helpful ?an ! normal activity1 & ! *ild1 re/rict$ f ! prep>atory motions1 beg9s to walk too soon4 ,sid5ote3 ,alt]nate ,gr[? ,a curi\s fact 9 ! gr[? ( *ildr5 is t !y seem to gr[ heavi] = a c]ta9 p]iod1 & !n to gr[ tall] = a simil> p]iod4 ,t is1 a v "y baby1 say1 two mon?s old1 w gr[ fatt] = ab\t six weeks1 & !n = ! next six weeks w gr[ long]1 :ile ! *ild ( six ye>s *anges 8 mann] ( gr[? e ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,^! p]iods are v>iable1 or at lea/ _! law has n yet be5 e/abli%$1 b ! obs]vant "m c soon make ! p]iod out = h]self 9 ! case ( h] own *ild4 ,= two or ?ree days1 :5 ! mann] ( gr[? seems to be *ang+ f bread? to l5g?1 & vice v]sa1 ! *ildr5 are likely to be unusually n]v\s & irritable1 & ^! ab]rations mu/1 ( c\rse1 be pati5tly borne )4 ,sid5ote3 ,precocity ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly ,rip5+ ,9 all ^! ?+s "s *ildr5 develop e>li] ?an o!rs1 b too e>ly developm5t is to be regrett$4 ,precoci\s *ildr5 are always ( a delicate n]v\s organization4 ,fiske,d has prov$ to u t ! reason :y ! human "y is s f> m helpless & dep5d5t ?an ! "y ( any o!r species is because ! activities ( ! human race h become s _m1 s widely v>i$1 & s complex1 t !y c\ld n fix !mselves 9 ! n]v\s /ructure be=e bir?4 ,!re a only a few ?+s t ! *ick ne$s to "k 9 ord] to lead a successful *ick5 life2 z a consequ5ce ^! few ?+s are well impress$ ^u ! small bra9 be=e ev] he *ips ! %ell2 b ! baby ne$s to le>n a great _m ?+s--s _m t !re is no "t or room to implant !m be=e bir?1 or inde$1 9 ! few ye>s imm$iately succe$+ bir?4 ,to hurry ! developm5t1 !re=e1 ( c]ta9 few ( ^! faculties1 l ! faculties ( talk+1 & walk+1 ( imitation or response1 is to cr[d out _m o!r faculties p]haps j beg9n+ to gr[4 ,su* =c+ w limit ! *ild's future developm5t to ! few faculties ^: gr[? is ?us e>ly /imulat$4 ,precocity 9 a *ild1 !re=e1 is a ?+ to be deplor$4 ,8 e>ly rip5+ =etells a e>ly decay & a wise "m is %e :o gives h] *ild ample opportunity = gr[+1 b no urg+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ample ,opporunity = ,gr[? ,ample opportunity = gr[? includes 7#a7 ,:olesome surr\nd+s1 7#b7 ,suffici5t sleep1 7#c7 ,prop] clo?+1 7#d7 ,n\ri%+ food4 ,we w take up ^! topics 9 ord]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,w4 ,prey]4 ,pr(essor ( ,physiology1 ( ,j5a1 au?or ( ,! ,m9d ( ! ,*ild4 ,d4 ,appleton ,co4 ,footnote ,b3 ,dr4 ,rob9son4 ,physician & ,evolutioni/1 pap] 9 ,! ,eclectic1 ,vol4 #bi4 ,footnote ,c3 ,miss ,millic5t ,%9n1 ,am]ican ,psy*ologi/1 au?or ( ,biography ( a ,baby4 ,footnote ,d3 ,john ,fiske1 writ] on ,evolution>y ,philosophy4 ,8 !ory ( infancy is p]haps 8 mo/ important contribution to sci5ce4 ,,:olesome ,,surr\nd+s ,! :ole h\se 9 :i* ! *ild lives ought to be well w>m$ & equally well air$4 ,sunlight also is necess>y to 8 well-be+4 ,if x is impossible to h ?is 9 e room1 z sometimes happ5s 9 city homes1 at lea/ ! nurs]y mu/ h x4 ,9 ! c5tral ,/ates ( ! ,union plants & trees expos$ to ! s\!rn sun put =? _! leaves two weeks soon] ?an ^? expos$ to ! nor?4 ,! infant _c fail to pr(it by ! same condition1 = ! "y *ild may be said to lead 9 "p a vegetative z well z an animal life1 & to ne$ air & sun%9e & w>m? z mu* z plants d4 ,! v be/ room 9 ! h\se is n too good = ! nurs]y1 = 9 no o!r room is su* important & delicate "w be+ done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,fiske ,sid5ote3 ,temp]ature ,! temp]ature is a matt] ( importance4 ,x %\ld n be decid$ by guess-"w1 b a !rmomet] %\ld be hung ^u a wall at a place equally remov$ f draft & f ! s\rce ( heat4 ,! temp]ature = *ildr5 dur+ ! fir/ ye> %\ld be ab\t #gj degrees ,fahr5heit dur+ ! day & n l[] ?an #ej degrees at night4 ,*ildr5 :o sleep ) ! "m w n be injur$ by a temp]ature #e to #bj degrees l[] at night4 ,sid5ote3 ,fre% ,air ,x is important to provide means = ! +ress ( fre% air4 ,x is n suffici5t to air ! room f ano!r room unless t o!r room has 9 x an op5 w9d[4 ,ev5 !n ! nurs]y w9d[s %\ld be op5$ wide f fifte5 m9utes to half an h\r night & morn+1 :ile ! *ild is 9 ano!r room2 & ?is ev5 :5 ! wea!r is at z]o or bel[4 ,x does n take long to w>m up room t has be5 air$4 ,p]haps ! be/ means ( obta9+ ! +ress ( fre% air )\t creat+ a draft ^u ! floor1 :]e ! baby sp5ds s mu* ( 8 "t1 is to raise ! w9d[ six in*es at ! top or bottom & ins]t a bo>d cut to fit ! ap]ture4 ,sid5ote3 ,daily ,out+ ,b no matt] h[ well v5tilat$ ! nurs]y may be1 all *ildr5 m ?an six weeks old ne$ unmodifi$ outside air1 & ne$ x e day1 no matt] :at ! wea!r1 unless !y are sick4 ,! daily out+ secures !m bett] appetites1 quiet sleep1 & calm] n]ves4 ,let !m be prop]ly clo!d & protect$ 9 _! c>riages1 & all wea!rs are good = !m4 ,*ildr5 :o take _! naps 9 _! baby-c>riages may ) advantage be :eel$ into a %elt]$ spot1 cov]$ w>mly1 & left to sleep 9 ! out] air4 ,!y are likely to sleep long] ?an 9 ! h\se1 & f9d m refre%m5t 9 _! sleep4 ,,suffici5t ,,sleep4 ,few *ildr5 9 ,am]ica get z mu* sleep z !y really ne$4 ,prey] gives ! record ( 8 own *ild1 & ! h\rs :i* ?is *ild f\nd necess>y = 8 sleep & gr[? may be tak5 = a /&>d4 ,9 ! fir/ mon?1 sixte51 9 full1 out ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs 7 sp5t 9 sleep4 ,! sleep r>ely la/$ beyond two h\rs at a "t4 ,9 ! second mon? ab\t ! same am\nt 0 sp5t 9 sleep1 :i* la/$ f ?ree to six h\rs at a "t4 ,9 ! six? mon?1 x la/$ f six to eight h\rs at a "t1 & began to dim9i% to fifte5 h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,9 ! ?irte5? mon?1 f\rte5 h\rs' sleep daily2 x ! sev5te5?1 prolong$ sleep began1 t5 h\rs )\t int]ruption2 9 ! tw5tie?1 prolong$ sleep became habitual1 & sleep 9 ! day-"t 0 r$uc$ to two h\rs4 ,9 ! ?ird ye>1 ! night sleep la/$ regul>ly f elev5 to twelve h\rs1 & sleep 9 ! daytime 0 no long] requir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,naps ,prey]'s record /ops "h4 ,b x may be add$ t *ildr5 f ?ree to eight ye>s /ill require elev5 h\rs' sleep2 &1 al?\gh ! *ild ( ?ree nay n ne$ a daily nap1 x is well = him1 until he is six ye>s old1 to lie /ill = an h\r 9 ! middle ( ! day1 amus+ himself ) a picture book or pap] & p5cil1 b n play$ ) or talk$ to by any o!r p]son4 ,su* a re/ 9 ! middle ( ! day favors ! relaxation ( muscles & n]ves & breaks ! /ra9 ( a long day ( int5se activity4 ,,prop] ,,clo?+4 ,prop] clo?+ = a *ild includes ?ree ?+s3 7a7 ,equal di/ribution ( w>m?1 7b7 ,fre$om f re/ra9t1 7c7 ,light weight4 ,equal di/ribution ( w>m? is ( great importance1 & is seldom atta9$4 ,! ord9>y dress = a "y baby1 = example1 leaves ! arms & ! upp] "p ( ! *e/ unprotect$ by m ?an "o ?ickness ( flannel & "o ( cotton--! %irt & ! dress4 ,ab\t ! *ild's middle1 on ! contr>y1 !re are two ?icknesses ( flannel--a %irt & b&--& five ( cotton1 i4e41 ! d\ble b&s ( ! :ite & flannel petticoats1 & ! dress4 ,ov] ! legs1 aga91 are two ?icknesses ( flannel & two ( cotton1 i4e41 ! p9n+ blanket1 flannel skirt1 :ite skirt1 & dress4 ,! *ild 9 a com=tably w>m h\se ne$s two ?icknesses ( flannel & "o ( cotton all ov] x1 & no m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,g]trude ,suit ,! practice ( putt+ extra wrapp+s ab\t ! abdom5 is responsible = undue t5d]ness ( ^? organs4 ,dr4 ,grosv5or1 ( ,*icago1 :o design$ a model co/ume = a baby1 :i* he call$ ! ,g]trude suit1 says t _m cases ( rupture are due to b&ag+ ( ! abdom54 ,:5 ! *ild cries ! abdom9al walls normally exp&2 if !y are tightly b\nd1 !y _c d ?is1 & ! pressure ^u "o s+le "p1 :i* ! b&ages may n hold q firmly1 becomes ov]:elm+1 & results 9 rupture4 ,dr4 ,grosv5or also ?9ks t _m cases ( weak lungs1 & ev5 ( consumption 9 lat] life1 are due to ! tight b&s ( ! skirts press+ ^u ! s(t ribs ( ! "y *ild1 & n>r[+ ! lung space4 ,sid5ote3 ,objection to ! ,p9n+ ,blanket ,fre$om f re/ra9t44 ,n only %\ld ! clo!s n b9d ! *ild's body 9 any way1 b !y %\ld n be s long z to prev5t free ex]cise ( ! legs4 ,! p9n+-blanket is objectionable on ?is acc\nt4 ,x is difficult = ! *ild to kick 9 x2 & z we h se5 be=e1 kick+ is necess>y to ! prop] developm5t ( ! legs4 ,undue l5g? ( skirt op]ates 9 ! same way--! weight ( clo? is a *eck ^u activity4 ,! fir/ g>m5t ( a "y baby %\ld n be m ?an a y>d 9 l5g? f ! neck to ! bottom ( ! hem1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( a y>d is en\gh = ! inn] g>m5t4 ,! sleeves1 too1 %\ld be l>ge & loose1 & ! arm-size %\ld be roomy1 s z to prev5t *af+4 ,! sleeves may be ti$ 9 at ! wri/ ) a ribbon to insure w>m?4 ,lightness ( weight4 ,! und]clo?+ %\ld be made ( pure wool1 s z to ga9 ! greate/ am\nt ( w>m? f ! lea/ weight4 ,9 ! few cases :]e wool w\ld cause irritation1 a silk & wool fixture makes a s(t] b m exp5sive g>m5t4 ,"u ! be/ conditions1 clo!s re/rict & imp$e free developm5t some:at1 & ! heavi] !y are ! m !y imp$e x4 ,!re=e1 ! ef=t %\ld be to get ! greate/ am\nt ( w>m? ) ! lea/ possible weight4 ,knit g>m5ts atta9 ?is mo/ p]fectly1 b ! next be/ ?+ is all-wool flannel ( a f9e grade4 ,! weave kn[n z /ock9et is be/ ( all1 because goods ?us made cl+ to ! body & yet re/rict its activity v little4 ,! be/ g>m5ts = a baby are made accord+ to ! accompany+ diagram4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9cess ,g>m5t ,!y consi/ ( ?ree g>m5ts1 to be worn "o ov] ! o!r1 ea* "o an in* long] 9 e way ?an ! und]ly+ "o4 ,! fir/ is a pr9cess g>m5t1 made ( :ite /ock9et1 :i* takes ! place ( %irt1 p9n+-blanket1 & b&4 ,be=e cutt+ ?is out1 a box-pleat an in* & a half wide %\ld be laid d[n ! middle ( ! front1 & a side pleat ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* wide on ei!r side ( ! placket 9 ! back4 ,! sleeve %\ld h a tuck an in* wide4 ,^! tucks & pleats are bett] run 9 be h&1 s t !y may be easily ripp$4 ,z ! baby gr[s & ! flannel %r9ks1 ^! tucks & pleats c be let out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,,( ,,! ,,g]trude ,,suit4 ,! next g>m5t1 :i* goes ov] ?is1 is made 9 ! same way1 only an in* l>g] 9 e measurem5t4 ,x is made ( baby flannel1 & takes ! place ( ! flannel petticoat ) its cotton b&4 ,ov] ^! two g>m5ts any ord9>y dress may be worn4 ,dress$ 9 ?is suit1 ! *ild is ev5ly cov]$ ) too ?icknesses ( flannel & "o ( cotton4 ,z ! skirts are r %ort1 h[ev]1 & he is expect$ to move 8 legs ab\t freely1 he may well we> long :ite wool /ock+s4 ,z ! *ild gr[s old]1 ! pr9ciples und]ly+ ?is me?od ( clo?+ %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 & clo!s %\ld be design$ & adapt$ s z to meet ^! ?ree requirem5ts4 ,,food4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural ,food ,sid5ote3 ,bottle-f$ ,babies ,! natural food ( a "y baby is 8 "m's milk1 & no satisfactory sub/itute = x has yet be5 f\nd4 ,"s manufactur$ baby foods d well = c]ta9 *ildr52 to o!rs !y are almo/ poison2 & = none ( !m are !y suffici5t4 ,! milk ( ! c[ is n design$ = ! human infant4 ,x conta9s too mu* case91 & is too difficult ( dige/ion4 ,v>i\s prep>ations ( milk & gra9s are recomm5d$ by nurses & physicians1 b no consci5ti\s nurse or physician pret5ds t any ( !m beg9s to equal ! nutritive value ( human milk4 ,m wom5 c nurse _! babies ?an n[ ?9k !y c2 ! adv]tisem5ts ( pat5t foods lead !m to ?9k ! r ( little importance1 & !y d n make ! necess>y ef=t to pres]ve & increase ! natural supply ( milk4 ,! family physician c almo/ always bett] ! condition ( ! "m :o really desires to nurse h] own *ild1 & he %\ld be consult$ & 8 directions obey$4 ,! importance ( a really great ef=t to ?is direction is %[n by ! fact t ! physical culture records1 n[ s c>efully kept 9 _m ( our s*ools & colleges1 prove t bottle-f$ babies are m likely to be ( small /ature1 & to h defici5t bones1 tee? & hair1 ?an *ildr5 :o h be5 f$ on "m's milk4 ,sid5ote3 ,simple ,diet ,! food "q is und\bt$ly ! mo/ important problem to ! physical welf>e ( ! *ild1 & has1 z well1 a mo/ pr(\nd effect ^u 8 disposition & "*4 ,indiscrim9ate fe$+ is ! cause ( mu* ( ! tr\ble & worry ( mo!rs4 ,?is subject is tak5 up at l5g? 9 o!r pap]s ( ?is c\rse1 & x w suffice to say "h t ! table ( ! family ) "y *ildr5 %\ld be regulat$ l>gely by ! ne$s ( ! gr[+ sons & daught]s4 ,! simplifi$ diet necess>y may well be ( b5efit to o!r memb]s ( ! family4 ,,faults ,,& ,,_! ,,rem$ies4 ,! *ild born ( p]fect p>5ts1 br\ght up p]fectly1 9 a p]fect environm5t1 w\ld probably h no faults4 ,ev5 su* a *ild1 h[ev]1 w\ld be at times inconv5i5t1 & w\ld d & say ?+s at v>iance ) ! ord] ( ! adult _w4 ,!re=e he might seem to a ha/y1 prejudic$ obs]v] to be naughty4 ,&1 inde$1 imp]fectly born1 imp]fectly tra9$ z *ildr5 n[ are1 _m ( _! s-call$ faults are no m ?an su* inconv5i5t cross+s ( an immature w ) an adult w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jean ,,paul ,,ri*t] ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ild's ,_w & ! ,adult's ,_w ,no gr[n p]son1 = in/ance1 likes to be int]rupt$1 & is likely to reg>d ! *ild :o int]rupts him wilfully naughty4 ,no "y *ild1 on ! contr>y1 objects to be+ int]rupt$ 9 8 spee*1 ?\gh he may object to be+ int]rupt$ 9 8 play2 & he _c und]/& :y an adult %\ld set s mu* /ore on ! quiet li/5+ :i* is s infrequ5t 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,gr[n p]sons object to noise2 *ildr5 delight 9 x4 ,gr[n p]sons l to h ?+s kept 9 _! places2 to a *ild1 "o place z good z ano!r4 ,gr[n p]sons h a prejudice 9 favor ( cleanl9ess2 *ildr5 l to swim1 b hate to wa%1 & h no objections :atev] to grimy h&s & faces4 ,none ( ^! ?+s imply ! lea/ degree ( obliquity on ! *ild's "p2 & yet x is safe to say t n9e-t5?s ( ! *ildr5 :o are puni%$ are puni%$ = "s ( ^! ?+s4 ,! rem$y = ^! inconv5i5ces is "t & pati5ce4 ,! *ild1 if left to himself1 )\t a ^w ( admoni%m5t1 w\ld probably *ange 8 conduct 9 ^! respects1 m]ely by ! =ce ( imitation1 provid$ t ! adults ar\nd him set him1 a p]si/5t example ( c\rtesy1 g5tl5ess1 & cleanl9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,real ,faults ,! faults t are real faults1 z ,ri*t],a says1 are ^? faults :i* increase ) age4 ,^! x is t ne$ att5tion r ?an ^? t disappe> ( !mselves z ! *ild gr[s old]4 ,?is rule ought to be put 9 l>ge lett]s1 t e "o :o has to tra9 *ildr5 may be daily rem9d$ by x2 & n ex]cise 8 s\l & sp5d 8 =ce 9 try+ to ov]come little ?+s :i* may p]haps be objectionable1 b :i* w vani% to-morr[4 ,conc5trate y\r en]gies on ! ov]com+ ( su* t5d5cies z may 9 "t develop into p]man5t evils4 ,sid5ote3 ,tra9+ ! ,w ,to accompli% ?is1 y mo/1 ( c\rse1 tra9 ! *ild's own w1 because no "o c =ce ano!r p]son into virtue aga9/ 8 w4 ,! *ief object ( all tra9+ is1 z we %all see 9 ! next section1 to lead ! *ild to love righte\sness1 to pref] "r do+ to wrong do+2 to make "r do+ a p]man5t desire4 ,!re=e1 9 all ! proc$ures ab\t to be sugge/$1 an ef=t is made to conv9ce ! *ild ( ! ugl9ess & pa9fulness ( wrong do+4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural ,puni%m5t ,puni%m5t1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c],b agrees ) ,froebel,c 9 po9t+ out1 %\ld be z ne>ly z possible a repres5tation ( ! natural result ( ! *ild's action2 t is1 ! fault %\ld be made to puni% itself z mu* z possible )\t ! int]f]5ce ( any outside p]son2 = ! object is n to make ! *ild b5d 8 w to ! w ( ano!r1 b make him see ! fault itself z an undesirable ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,break+ ! ,w ,! ef=t to break ! *ild's w has long be5 recogniz$ z disa/r\s by all educators4 ,a brok5 w is worse mis=tune ?an a brok5 back4 ,9 ! latt] case ! man is physically crippl$2 9 ! =m]1 he is morally crippl$4 ,x is only a /rong1 unbrok51 p]si/5t w t is adequate to a*ieve self-ma/]y1 & ma/]y ( ! difficulties ( life4 ,! *ild :o is too yield+ & ob$i5t 9 8 e>ly days is only too likely to be weak & incompet5t 9 8 lat] days4 ,! habit ( submission to a m mature judgm5t is a bad habit to insi/ ^u4 ,! *ild %\ld be enc\rag$ to ?9k out ?+s = himself2 to exp]im5t & discov] = himself :y 8 ideas d n "w2 & to refuse to give !m up until he is g5u9ely conv9c$ ( _! impracticability4 ,sid5ote3 ,em]g5cies ,x is true t !re are em]g5cies 9 :i* 8 immature judgm5t & undiscipl9$ w mu/ yield to wis] judgm5t & /eadi] w2 b su* yield+ %\ld n be suff]$ to become habitual4 ,x is a safety valve m]ely1 to be employ$ only :5 ! pressure ( circum/ances ?reat5s to become dang]\s4 ,an eng9e ^: safety valve %\ld be always 9 op]ation c\ld nev] g5]ate mu* p[]4 ,nor is !re mu* difficulty 9 lead+ ev5 a v /rong-will$ & ob/9ate *ild to give up 8 own way "u extraord9>y circum/ances4 ,if he is n 9 ! habit ( sett+ up 8 own w aga9/ t ( 8 "m or tea*]1 he w n set x up :5 ! quick1 unfamili> ^w ( comm& seems to fit 9 ! ) ! unusual circum/ances4 ,_m p>5ts practice cry+ ,wolf6 wolf6 to _! *ildr51 & call ! practice a drill ( self-control2 b !y meet inevitably ) ! famili> consequ5ces3 :5 ! real wolf comes ! hackney$ cry1 (t5 prov$ false1 is disreg>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ,sid5ote3 ,disob$i5ce ,:5 ! w is rightly tra9$1 disob$i5ce is a fault t r>ely appe>s1 because1 ( c\rse1 :]e ob$i5ce is seldom requir$1 x is seldom refus$4 ,! *ild ne$s to obey--t is true2 b s does 8 "m ne$ to obey1 & all o!r p]sons ab\t him4 ,!y all ne$ to obey ,god1 to obey ! laws ( nature1 ! impulses ( k9dness1 & to foll[ aft] ! ways ( wisdom4 ,:]e su* ob$i5ce is a settl$ habit ( ! entire h\sehold1 x easily1 &1 z x 71 unconsci\sly1 becomes ! habit ( ! *ild4 ,:]e su* ob$i5ce is n ! habit ( ! h\sehold1 x is only ) great difficulty t x c become ! habit ( ! *ild4 ,8 w mu/ set itself aga9/ its in/9ct ( imitativ5ess1 & 8 small h\se1 n yet q built1 mu/ be divid$ aga9/ itself4 ,probably no cold ev5 r5d]$ entire ob$i5ce to any adult :o did n himself hold 8 own wi%es 9 subjection4 ,z ,em]son says1 ,9 deal+ ) my *ild1 my ,lat9 & my ,greek1 my accompli%m5ts & my money1 /ead me no?+1 b z mu* s\l z ,i h avails4 ,if ,i a willful1 he sets 8 w aga9/ m9e1 "o = "o1 & leaves me1 if ,i please1 ! degradation ( beat+ him by my sup]iority ( /r5g?4 ,b1 if ,i r5\nce my w & act = ! s\l1 sett+ t up z an umpire betwe5 u two1 out ( 8 "y eyes looks ! same s\l2 he rev]es & loves ) me4 ,sid5ote3 ,negative ,goodness ,suppose ! *ild to be br\ght to su* a /age t he is will+ to d any?+ 8 fa!r or "m says2 suppose1 ev51 t !y nev] tell him to d any?+ t he does n aft]w>ds discov] to be reasonable & j2 /ill1 :at has he ga9$8 ,= tw5ty ye>s he has n _h ! responsibility = a s+le action1 = a s+le decision1 "r or wrong4 ,:at is p]mitt$ is "r to him2 :at is =bidd5 is wrong4 ,:5 he goes out into ! _w )\t 8 p>5ts1 :at w happ58 ,at ! be/ he w n lie1 or /eal1 or commit murd]4 ,t is1 he w d none ( ^! ?+s 9 _! bald & simple =m4 ,b 9 _! beg9n+s ^! are hidd5 "u a mask ( virtue & he has nev] be5 tra9$ to look b5ea? t mask2 z happ5$ to ,ri*>d ,fev]il1,d s9 may spr+ ^u him unaw>e4 ,"s "o else1 all 8 life1 has label$ ?+s = him2 he is n 9 ! habit ( judg+ = himself4 ,he is bl9d1 deaf1 & helpless--a play?+ ( circum/ances4 ,x is a *ance :e!r he falls into s9 or rema9s blameless4 ,sid5ote3 ,real ,disob$i5ce ,disob$i5ce1 !n1 9 a true s5se1 does n mean failure to d z he is told to d4 ,x means failure to d ! ?+s t he kn[s to be "r4 ,he mu/ be taught to li/5 & obey ! voice ( 8 own consci5ce2 & if t voice %\ld ev] speak1 z x sometimes does1 diff]5tly f ! voice ( ! consci5ce ( 8 p>5ts or tea*]s1 its dictates mu/ /ill be respect$ by ^! old] & wis] p]sons1 & he mu/ be p]mitt$ to d ?is ?+ :i* 9 itself may be fooli%1 b :i* is n fooli%1 to him4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]ty ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! *ild :o w h 8 own way ev5 :5 he kn[s x to be wrong %\ld be all[$ to h x )9 reasonable limits4 ,ri*t] says1 leave to him ! sorry victory1 only ex]cis+ suffici5t +5uity to make sure t x is a sorry "o4 ,:at he mu/ be taught is t x is n at all a pleasure to h 8 own way1 unless 8 own way happ5s to be "r2 & ?is he c only be taught by hav+ 8 own way :5 ! results are pla9ly disa/r\s4 ,e "t t a willful *ild does :at he wants to d1 & suff]s %>ply = x1 he le>ns a lesson t no?+ b ?is exp]i5ce c tea* him4 ,sid5ote3 ,self-,puni%m5t ,b 8 suff]+ mu/ be pla9ly se5 to be ! result ( 8 de$1 & n ! result ( 8 "m's ang]4 ,= example1 a v "y *ild :o is det]m9$ to play ) fire may be all[$ to t\* ! hot lamp or a /ove1 :5ev] affairs c be s arrang$ t he is n likely to burn himself too sev]ely4 ,"o su* lesson is wor? all ! h&-spatt+s & cries ( ,no1 no6 ev] resort$ to by anxi\s p>5ts4 ,if he pulls d[n ! blocks t y h built up = him1 !y %\ld /ay d[n1 :ile y get out ( ! room1 if possible1 9 ord] to evade all responsibility = t unpleasant result4 ,prohibitions are almo/ useless4 ,9 ord] to conv9ce y\rself ( ?is1 get "s "o to comm& y n to move y\r "r arm or to w9k y\r eye4 ,y w f9d x almo/ impossible to obey = ev5 a few mom5ts4 ,! desire to move y\r arm1 :i* 0 n at all consci\s be=e1 w become ov]p[]+4 ,! prohibition acts l a sugge/ion1 & is an implication t y w\ld d ! negative act unless y 7 comm&$ n to4 ,miss ,alcott1 9 ,little ,m51 well illu/rates ?is fact 9 ! /ory ( ! *ildr5 :o 7 told n to put beans up _! noses & :o /raightway fill$ _! noses ) beans4 ,sid5ote3 ,positive ,comm&s ,z we %all see 9 ! next section1 ,froebel meets ?is difficulty by sub/itut+ positive comm&s = prohibitions2 t is1 he tells ! *ild to d in/ead ( tell+ him n to d4 ,ti$emann,e says t example is ! fir/ great evolution>y tea*]1 & lib]ty is ! second4 ,9 ! ov]com+ ( disob$i5ce1 no o!r tea*]s are ne$$4 ,! me?od may be t$i\s2 x may be _m ye>s be=e ! erratic w is f9ally l$ to "w 9 ord]ly *annels2 b !re is no possibility ( abridg+ ! process4 ,!re is no %ort & sudd5 cure = disob$i5ce1 & ! only hope = f9al cure is ! /eady work+ ( ^! two great =ces1 example & lib]ty4 ,to illu/rate ! pr9ciples already indicat$1 we w consid] "s specific problems toge!r ) sugge/ive treatm5t = ea*4 ,footnote ,a3 ,jean ,paul ,ri*t]1 ,d] e9sige4 ,g]man writ] & philosoph]4 ,8 r :imsical & fragm5t>y book on education1 call$ ,levana1 conta9s "s r>e scraps ( wisdom mu* us$ by lat] writ]s on educational topics4 ,footnote ,b3 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,engli% ,philosoph] & ,sci5ti/4 ,8 book on ,education is s\nd & practical4 ,footnote ,c3 ,freidri* ,froebel1 ,g]man ,philosoph] & ,educator1 f\nd] ( ! ,k9d]g>t5 sy/em1 & inaugurator ( ! new education4 ,8 two great books are ,! ,education ( ,man & ,! ,"m ,play4 ,footnote ,d3 ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]il1 by ,george ,m]$i?4 ,footnote ,e3 ,ti$emann1 ,g]man ,psy*ologi/4 ,,quick ,,temp]4 ,?is1 z well z irritability & n]v\sness1 v (t5 spr+s f a wrong physical condition4 ,! dige/ion may be bad1 or ! *ild may be ov]/imulat$4 ,he may n be sleep+ en\gh1 or may n get en\gh outdoor air & ex]cise4 ,9 "s cases ! fault appe>s because ! *ild lacks ! discipl9e ( "y companion%ip4 ,ev5 ! mo/ exempl>y adult _c make up to ! *ild = ! influ5ce ( o!r *ildr54 ,he p]ceives ! diff]5ce betwe5 himself & ^! giants ab\t him1 & ! p]ception sometimes makes him furi\s4 ,8 /ruggl+ individuality f9ds x difficult to ma9ta9 itself "u ! pressure ( s _m /rong] p]sonalities4 ,he makes1 !re=e1 spasmodic & viol5t attempts ( self-ass]tion1 & ^! attempts g "u ! "n ( fits ( temp]4 ,! *ild :o is n ord9>ily /rong en\gh to ass]t himself effectively w "w himself up into a passion 9 ord] to ga9 /r5g?1 mu* z m5 sometimes /imulate _! c\rage by liquor4 ,9 fact1 passion is a sort ( moral intoxication4 ,sid5ote3 ,rem$y--,solitude & ,quiet ,b :e!r ! fits ( passion are physical or moral1 ! imm$iate rem$y is ! same--8 environm5t mu/ be promptly *ang$ & 8 audi5ce remov$4 ,he ne$s solitude & quiet4 ,?is does n mean %utt+ him into a closet1 b leav+ him alone 9 a quiet room1 ) pl5ty ( pleasant ?+s ab\t4 ,?is gives an opportunity = ! di/urb$ organism to "r itself1 & = ! w to recov] its normal tone4 ,"s occupation %\ld be at h&--blocks or o!r toys1 if he is too "y to read2 a good book or two1 su* z ,miss ,alcott's ,little ,m5 & ,little ,wom51 :5 he is old en\gh to read4 ,if he is de/ructive 9 8 passion1 he mu/ be put 9 a room :]e !re are v few breakables to tempt him4 ,if he does break any?+ he mu/ be requir$ to help m5d x aga94 ,to %\t a ?reat to ?is effect ?r\gh ! door :5 ! /orm ( temp] is /ill on1 is only to goad him into fre% acts ( rebellion4 ,let him alone :ile he is 9 ?is tempor>ily insane /ate1 & lat]1 :5 he is sorry & wants to be good1 help him to repair ! mis*ief he has wr\ght4 ,x is z fooli% to argue ) or to ?reat5 ! *ild 9 ?is /ate z x w\ld be 7 he a pati5t 9 a lunatic asylum4 ,x is sometimes impossible to get an old] *ild to g into retreat4 ,!n1 s9ce he _c be c>ri$1 & he is n op5 to remon/rance or comm&s1 g out ( ! room y\rself & leave him alone !re4 ,at any co/1 lonel9ess & quiet mu/ be br\ght to be> ^u him4 ,su* outbur/s are exce$+ly exhau/+1 us+ up 9 a few m9utes z mu* en]gy z w\ld suffice = _m days ( ord9>y activity4 ,aft] ! attack ! *ild ne$s re/1 ev5 sleep1 & usually seeks x himself4 ,! desire %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,sid5ote3 ,precautions to be ,tak5 ,e reasonable precaution %\ld be tak5 aga9/ ! recurr5ce ( ! attacks1 = e lapse into ?is excit$ /ate makes him m c]ta9 ! next lapse & weak5s ! n]v\s control4 ,?is does n mean t y %\ld give up any necess>y or "r regulations = fe> ( ! *ild's temp]4 ,if ! *ild sees t y d ?is1 he w on occasion delib]ately "w himself up into a passion 9 ord] to get 8 own way4 ,b :ile y d n relax any j regulations1 y may safely help him to meet !m4 ,give him w>n+4 ,= in/ance1 d n spr+ any disagreeable comm&s ^u him4 ,h 8 duties z sy/ematiz$ z possible s t he may "k :at to expect2 & d n "u any circum/ances nag him nor all[ o!r *ildr5 to tease him4 ,,sull5ness4 ,?is fault likewise (t5 has a physical cause1 seat$ v frequ5tly 9 ! liv]4 ,see t ! *ild's food is n too heavy4 ,give him mu* fruit1 & insi/ ^u vigor\s ex]cise out ( doors4 ,or he may p]haps n h en\gh *ildi% pleasures4 ,= :ile mo/ *ildr5 are ov]/imulat$1 !re /ill rema9 "s *ildr5 ^: lives are unduly colorless & ev5tless4 ,a sull5 *ild is bel[ ! normal level ( responsiv5ess4 ,he ne$s to be r\s$1 wak5$1 lift$ out ( himself1 & made to take an active int]e/ 9 o!r p]sons & 9 ! outside _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,inh]itance & ,example ,9 _m cases sull5ness is an inh]it$ disposition int5sifi$ by example4 ,x is un*ildlike & morbid to an unusual degree & v difficult to cure4 ,! "m ( a sull5 *ild may well look to h] own conduct & exam9e ) a se>*+ eye ! peculi>ities ( h] own family & ( h] husb&'s4 ,%e may !n f9d ! cause ( ! evil1 & by remov+ ! *ild f ! bad example & see+ to x t e day conta9s a numb] ( *ildi% pleasures1 %e may w9 him away f a fault t w o!rwise cl\d 8 :ole life4 ,,ly+ ,all lies are n bad1 nor all li>s immoral4 ,a "y *ild :o _c yet und]/& ! obligations ( tru?fulness _c be held morally acc\ntable = 8 dep>ture f tru?4 ,ly+ is ( ?ree k9ds4 7#a47 ,! imag9ative lie4 7#b47 ,! evasive lie4 7#c47 ,! politic lie4 ,sid5ote3 ,imag9ative ,ly+ 7#a47 ,x is r h>d to call ! imag9ative lie a lie at all4 ,x is s closely relat$ to ! creative in/9ct :i* makes ! poet & noveli/ & :i*1 common among ! peasantry ( a nation1 is responsible = folk-lore & my?ology1 t x is r an intellectual activity misdirect$ ?an a moral obliquity4 ,v imag9ative *ildr5 (t5 d n "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at !y imag9e & :at !y actually see4 ,_! m9ds eye sees z vividly z _! bodily eye2 & !re=e !y ev5 believe _! own /atem5ts4 ,e attempt at contradiction only br+s ab\t a fre% ass]tion ( ! impossible1 :i* to ! *ild becomes m & m c]ta9 z he he>s himself affirm+ its exi/5ce4 ,puni%m5t is ( no use at all 9 ! attempt to regulate ?is exub]ance4 ,! *ild's l>ge /atem5ts %\ld be smil$ at & pass$ ov]4 ,9 ! meantime1 he %\ld be enc\rag$ 9 e possible way to get a firm1 grasp ( ! actual _w ab\t him4 ,manual tra9+1 if x c be obta9$1 is ( ! greate/ advantage1 & = a v "y *ild1 ! p]=mance e day ( "s little act1 :i* dem&s accuracy & close att5tion1 is necess>y4 ,= ! re/1 wait2 ?is is "o ( ! faults t disappe> ) age4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,lie ( ,evasion 7#b47 ,! lie ( evasion is a =m ( ly+ :i* seldom appe>s :5 ! relations betwe5 *ild & p>5ts are absolutely fri5dly & op54 ,h[ev]1 ! *ild :o is v desir\s ( approval may f9d x difficult to own up to a fault1 ev5 :5 he is c]ta9 t ! consequ5ce ( 8 (f5se w n be at all t]rible4 ,?is is ! m difficult1 because ! m subtle condition4 ,x is obvi\s t ! *ild :o lies m]ely to avoid puni%m5t c be cur$ ( t fault by remov+ f him ! fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,to ?is end1 he %\ld be in=m$ t !re w be no puni%m5t :atev] = any fault t he freely confesses4 ,= ! *ief object ( puni%m5t be+ to make him face 8 own fault & to see x z some?+ ugly & disagreeable1 t object is obvi\sly accompli%$ by a free & op5 confession1 & no fur!r puni%m5t is requir$4 ,b :5 ! *ild 9 spite ( su* reassurance /ill cont9ues to lie1 bo? because he _c be> to h y ?9k him capable ( wrong-do+1 & because he is n will+ to ackn[l$ge to himself t he is capable ( wrong-do+1 ! situation becomes m complex4 ,all y c d is to urge ^u him ! sup]ior beauty ( frankness2 to praise him & love him1 especially :5 he does ackn[l$ge a fault1 ?us lead+ him to see t ! way to w9 y\r approval--t approval :i* he desires s int5sely--is to face 8 own %ortcom+s ) a /eady eye & confess !m to y un%r9k+ly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,politic ,lie 7#c47 ,! politic lie is ( c\rse ! wor/ =m ( ly+1 p>tly because x is s un*ildlike4 ,?is is ! k9d ( fault t w gr[ ) age2 & gr[ ) su* rapidity t ! "m mu/ set h]self aga9/ x ) all ! =ce at h] comm&4 ,! *ild :o lies = policy's sake1 9 ord] to a*ieve "s end :i* is mo/ easily a*iev$ by ly+1 is a *ild l$ into wrong-do+ by 8 ard5t desire to get some?+ or d some?+4 ,discov] :at ?is some?+ is1 & help him to get x by m legitimate means4 ,if y po9t out ! /raight pa?1 & %[ ! goal well 9 view1 at ! end ( x1 he may be p]suad$ n to take ! crook$ pa?4 ,sid5ote3 ,inh]it$ ,crook$ness ,b !re are occasionally natures t delight 9 crook$ness & t ev5 9 e>ly *ildhood4 ,!y w\ld r g ab\t gett+ _! he>t's desire 9 "s crook$1 intricate1 und]h&$ way ?an by ! direct r\te4 ,su* a fault is almo/ c]ta9 to be an inh]it$ "o2 & "h aga91 a close /udy ( ! *ild's relatives w (t5 help ! "m to make a good diagnosis1 & ev5 sugge/ to h] ! l9e ( treatm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,extreme ,cases ,9 an extreme case1 ! family may unite 9 disbeliev+ ! *ild :o lies1 n m]ely disbeliev+ him1 :5 he is ly+1 b disbeliev+ him all ! "t1 no matt] :at he says4 ,he mu/ be made to see1 &1 t )\t room = any fur!r d\bt1 t ! crook$ pa?s t he loves d n lead to ! goal 8 he>t desires1 b away f x4 ,8 words1 n be+ true to ! facts1 h lo/ _! value1 & no "o ar\nd him li/5s to !m4 ,he is1 z x 71 r5d]$ spee*less1 & 8 favorite means ( gett+ 8 own way is ?us made utt]ly valueless4 ,su* a rem$y is 9 tru? a t]rible "o4 ,:ile x is be+ adm9i/]$1 ! *ild suff]s to ! limit ( 8 endurance2 & x is only ju/ifi$ 9 an extreme case1 & aft] ! failure ( all g5tl] means4 ,,jeal\sy4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/ice & ,love ,too (t5 ?is deadly evil is enc\rag$ 9 infancy1 in/ead ( be+ promptly uproot$ z x ought to be4 ,x is v amus+1 if "o does n consid] ! consequ5ces1 to sec a little *ild slap & pu% away ! fa!r or ! old] bro!r1 :o attempts to kiss ! "m2 b ?is is ano!r fault t gr[s ) ye>s1 & a fault s deadly t once firmly root$ x c utt]ly de/roy ! beauty & happ9ess ( an o!rwise lovely nature4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>d ov]com+ x mu/ be to make ! reign ( /rict ju/ice 9 ! home s obvi\s z to remove all excuse = ! evil4 ,! second /ep is to enc\rage ! *ild's love = ^? v p]sons ( :om he is mo/ likely to be jeal\s4 ,if he is jeal\s ( ! baby1 give him special c>e ( ! baby4 ,jeal\sy indicates a temp]am5t ov]balanc$ emotionally2 !re=e1 put y\r =ce ^u ! upbuild+ ( ! *ild's intellect4 ,give him responsibilities1 make him ?9k out ?+s = himself4 ,call ^u him to assi/ 9 ! family conclaves4 ,9 e way cultivate 8 p[] ( judgm5t4 ,! :ole object ( ! treatm5t %\ld be to /r5g!n 8 intellect & to accu/om 8 emotions to f9d outlet 9 :olesome1 helpful activity4 ,"o wise "m made x a rule to pet ! next to ! baby4 ,! baby1 %e said1 0 b\nd to be pett$ a good deal because ( its helplessness & sweetness1 !re=e %e made a consci\s ef=t to pet ! next to ! y\nge/1 ! "o :o _h j be5 cr[d$ out ( ! w>m ne/ ( "m's lap by ! adv5t ( ! newcom]4 ,su* a rule w\ld g f> to prev5t ! beg9n+s ( jeal\sy4 ,,selfi%ness4 ,?is is a fault to :i* /rong-will$ *ildr5 are especially liable4 ,! fir/ ex]cise ( w-p[] aft] x has pass$ ! /age ( tak+ possession ( ! *ild's own organism usually br+s him into conflict ) ^? ab\t him4 ,to succe$ 9 gett+ hold ( a ?+ aga9/ ! wi% ( someone else1 & to hold on to x :5 someone else wants x1 is to w9 a victory4 ,! covet$ object becomes de>1 n s mu* = its own sake1 z because x is a trophy4 ,su* a *ild kn[s n ! joy ( %>+2 he kn[s only ! joys ( wre/+ victory aga9/ odds4 ,?is is inde$ an evil t gr[s ) ! ye>s4 ,! *ild :o holds onto 8 apple1 8 ,c&y1 or toy1 fights too? & nail ev]yone :o wants to take x f him1 & resi/s all coax+1 is liable to become a h>d1 sordid1 grasp+ man1 :o /ops at no ob/acle to accompli% 8 purpose4 ,yet 9 ! beg9n+1 ?is fault (t5 hides itself & escapes att5tion4 ,! selfi% *ild may be quiet1 clean1 & "u ord9>y circum/ances1 ob$i5t4 ,he may n ev5 be qu>relsome2 & may !re=e come "u a mu* less degree ( discipl9e ?an 8 ob/rep]\s1 impulsive1 rebelli\s little bro!r4 ,yet1 9 reality1 8 condition calls = mu* m c>eful att5tion ?an does ! condition ( ! y\ng] bro!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,only ,*ild ,h[ev]1 ! *ild :o has no bro!r at all1 ei!r old] or y\ng]1 nor any si/]1 is almo/ invit$ by ! fact ( 8 isolation to fall into ?is s94 ,only *ildr5 may be--inde$1 (t5 are--precoci\s1 bright1 capable1 & well-mann]$1 b !y are seldom spontane\sly g5]\s4 ,_! own small selves occupy an undue proportion ( ! family horizon1 & !re=e ( _! own4 ,sid5ote3 ,k9d]g>t5 a ,rem$y ,?is is :]e ! ,k9d]g>t5 has its great value4 ,9 ! true ,k9d]g>t5 ! *ildr5 live "u a disp5sation ( lov+ ju/ice1 & selfi%ness betrays itself in/antly !re1 because x is ali5 to ! :ole _s ( ! place4 ,%[+ itself1 x is promptly condemn$1 & ! *ild /&s convict$ by ! only tribunal ^: v]dict really moves him--a jury ( 8 pe]s4 ,normal *ildr5 hate selfi%ness & condemn x1 & ! selfi% *ild himself1 foll[+ ! /rong1 *ildi% impulse ( imitation1 le>ns to hate 8 own fault2 & s quick is ! =giv5ess ( *ildr5 t he ne$s only to beg9 to rep5t be=e ! circle ( 8 mates receives him aga94 ,?is is "o reason :y ! ,k9d]g>t5 takes *ildr5 at su* an e>ly age4 ,aim+1 z x does1 to lay ! f\ndations = "r ?9k+ & feel+1 x mu/ beg9 be=e wrong f\ndations are too deeply laid4 ,its g5tle1 se>*+ me?ods /raight5 ! /rong w t is gr[+ crook$1 & /r5g!n ! enfeebl$ "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,intimate ,association a ,help ,b if ! selfi% *ild is too old = ! ,k9d]g>t51 he %\ld belong to a club4 ,consi/5t selfi%ness w n long be tol]at$ "h4 ,! tacit or outspok5 rebuke ( 8 mates has _m times ! =ce ( a dome/ic rebuke2 because !reby he sees himself1 at lea/ = a "t1 z 8 comrades see him1 & nev] !reaft] entirely loses 8 suspicion t !y may be "r4 ,_! individual judgm5t he may defy1 b _! collective judgm5t has 9 x an almo/ magical p[]1 & conv9ces him 9 spite ( himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,cultivate ,affections ,:atev] /rong affections ! selfi% boy %[s mo/ be c>efully cultivat$4 ,love = ano!r is ! only sure cure = selfi%ness4 ,if he loves animals1 let him h pets1 & give into 8 h&s ! :ole responsibility = ! c>e ( !m4 ,x is bett] to let ! poor animals suff] "s neglect1 ?an to take away f ! boy ! responsibility = _! condition4 ,!y s]ve him only s f> z he c be induc$ to s]ve !m4 ,! *ief rule = ! cure ( selfi%ness is1 !n1 to wat* e affection1 small & l>ge1 enc\rage x1 give x room to gr[1 & see to x t ! *ild does n m]ely get delight out ( x1 b t he works = x1 t he sacrifices himself = ^? :om he loves4 ,,laz9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,physical ,cause ,?is condition is (t5 normal1 especially dur+ adolesc5ce4 ,! develop+ boy or girl wants to lop & to l\nge1 to lie sprawl$ ov] ! floor or ! s(a4 ,quick movem5t is di/a/eful to him1 & (t5 has an undue effect ^u ! he>t's action4 ,he is normally dreamy1 languid1 indiff]5t1 & subject to v>i\s moods4 ,^! ?+s are m]ely tok5s ( ! trem5d\s *ange t is go+ on )9 8 organism1 & :i* heavily dra9s 8 vitality4 ,c]ta9 duties may1 ( c\rse1 be requir$ ( him at ?is /age1 b !y %\ld be light & /eady4 ,he %\ld n be expect$ to fill up *9ks & run err&s ) joyful alacrity4 ,! six- or eight-ye>-old may be call$ ^u = ^! ?+s1 & n he h>m$1 b ?is is n true ( ! *ild betwe5 twelve & sev5te54 ,he has absorb+ bus9ess on h& & %\ld n be too (t5 call$ away f x4 ,sid5ote3 ,laz9ess & ,rapid ,gr[? ,laz9ess ord9>ily accompanies rapid gr[? ( any k9d4 ,! unusually l>ge *ild1 ev5 if he has n yet rea*$ ! p]iod ( adolesc5ce1 is likely to be lazy4 ,8 n]v\s en]gies are deflect$ to keep up 8 gr[?1 & 8 intellig5ce is (t5 tempor>ily dull$ by ! rapidity ( 8 increase 9 size4 ,sid5ote3 ,hurry ,n ,natural ,moreov]1 x is n natural = any *ild to hurry4 ,hurry is 9 itself bo? a result ( n]v\s /ra9 & a cause ( x2 & gr[n p ^: n]ves h be5 p]man5tly wr5*$ away f normal quietude & /ead9ess1 (t5 =m a habit ( hurry :i* makes !m bo? unfri5dly t[>d *ildr5 & v bad = *ildr54 ,^! "y creatures ought to g along ?r\gh _! days r dreamily & altoge!r s]5ely4 ,e turn ( ! screw to tight5 _! n]ves makes m c]ta9 "s =m ( e>ly n]v\s breakd[n4 ,!y ought to h "w to d1 ( c\rse1--en\gh ( x to occupy bo? m9d & body--b x %\ld be quiet1 sy/ematic1 regul> "w1 mu* ( x p]=m$ automatically4 ,only occasionally %\ld !y be requir$ to d ?+s ) a consci\s ef=t to atta9 spe$4 ,sid5ote3 ,abnormal ,laz9ess ,h[ev]1 !re is a degree ( laz9ess difficult ( def9ition :i* is abnormal2 ! *ild fails to p]=m any "w ) regul>ity1 & falls beh9d bo? at s*ool & at home4 ,?is may be ! result ( 7#a7 poor assimilation1 7#b7 ( anaemia1 or x may be 7#c7 ! fir/ symptom ( "s disease4 7#a47 ,poor assimilation may %[ itself ei!r by 7a7 ?9ness & lack ( appetite2 7b7 fat & abnormal appetite2 7c7 ret>d$ gr[?2 or 7d7 irregul> & poorly made tee? & weak bones4 ,sid5ote3 ,anaemia 7#b47 ,anaemia betrays itself mo/ *>act]i/ically by ! color ( ! lips & gums4 ,^!1 in/ead ( be+ r$1 are a pale yell[i% p9k1 & ! :ole complexion has a sort ( waxy pallor4 ,9 extreme cases ?is pallor ev5 becomes gre5i%4 ,z ! disease is accompani$ ) little pa91 & few if any m>k$ symptoms1 beyond sleep9ess & weakness1 x (t5 exi/s = "s "t )\t be+ suspect$ by ! p>5ts4 7#c47 ,! adv5t ( _m o!r diseases is ann\nc$ by a languid indiff]5ce to surr\nd+s1 & a sl[ response to ! cu/om>y /imuli4 ,! *ild's bra9 seems cl\d$1 & a light =m ( torpor invades ! :ole body4 ,! *ild1 :o is usually active & int]e/$ 9 ?+s ab\t him1 b :o loses 8 activity & becomes dull & irresponsive1 %\ld be c>efully wat*$4 ,x may be t he is m]ely *ang+ 8 =m ( gr[?--i4e41 is beg9n+ to gr[ tall aft] completion ( 8 p]iod ( lay+ on fle%1 or vice v]sa4 ,or he may be ent]+ ^u ! p]iod ( adolesc5ce4 ,b if x is nei!r ( ^! ?+s1 a physician %\ld be consult$4 ,sid5ote3 ,monotony ,a mild] degree ( laz9ess may be induc$ by a too monoton\s r\nd ( duties4 ,try *ang+ !m4 ,make !m z attractive z possible4 ,=1 ( c\rse1 y d n require him to p]=m ^! duties = y\r sake1 :atev] y all[ him to suppose ab\t x1 b *iefly = ! sake ( _! influ5ce on 8 "*4 ,!re=e1 if ! influ5ce ( any "w is bad1 y w *ange x1 al?\gh ! new "w may n be ne>ly s mu* :at y pref] to h him d4 ,:atev] ! "w is1 if x is only empty+ wa/e-baskets1 don't nag him1 m]ely expect him to d x1 & expect x /eadily4 ,sid5ote3 ,help+ ,9 _! e>li] ye>s all *ildr5 love to help "m4 ,!y l any piece ( real "w ev5 bett] ?an play4 ,if ?is love ( activity 0 prop]ly enc\rag$1 if ! "m p]mitt$ ! *ild to help1 ev5 :5 he succe$$ only 9 h9d]+1 he might well become "o ^? =tunate p]sons :o love to "w4 ,?is is ! real "t = prev5t+ laz9ess4 ,b if ?is e>ly p]iod has be5 miss$1 ! next be/ ?+ is to take advantage ( e spontane\s int]e/ z x arises2 to hit* ! impulse1 z x 71 to "s task t mu/ be /eadily p]=m$4 ,= example1 if ! *ild wants to play ) tools1 help him to make a small wat]-:eel1 or any o!r int]e/+ contrivance1 & keep him at x by v>i\s devices until he has br\ght x to a fair degree ( completion ,y\r aim is to /ret* 8 w ea* "t he attempts to d some?+ a little fur!r ?an x t5ds to g ( itself2 to let him "w a little pa/ 8 fir/ impulse1 s t he may le>n by degrees to "w :5 "w is ne$$1 & n only :5 he feels l x4 ,,untid9ess ,sid5ote3 ,neatness ,n ,natural ,ess5tially a fault ( immaturity z ?is is1 we mu/ bew>e h[ we measure x by a too sev]e adult /&>d4 ,x is n natural = any "y creature to take an int]e/ 9 cleanl9ess4 ,ev5 ! "y animals are c>$ = 9 ?is respect by _! p>5ts2 ! c[ licks h] calf2 ! cat1 h] kitt5s2 & nei!r calf nor kitt5s seem to take mu* int]e/ 9 ! process4 ,! consci\s love ( cleanl9ess & ord] gr[s ) ye>s1 & seems to be l>gely a matt] ( cu/om4 ,! *ild :o has always liv$ 9 dec5t surr\nd+s by-&-by f9ds !m necess>y to 8 com=t1 & is will+ to make a degree ( ef=t to secure !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! /reet boy :o sleeps 9 8 clo!s1 does n "k :at x is to desire a well-made b$1 & an ord]ly room4 ,sid5ote3 ,rem$ies ,sid5ote3 ,example ,sid5ote3 ,habit ,! obvi\s me?od ( ov]com+ ?is difficulty1 !n1 is n to *ide ! *ild = ! fault1 b to make him s accu/om$ to pleasant surr\nd+s t he n help b desire !m4 ,! :ole process ( mak+ ! *ild love ord] is sl[ b sure4 ,x consi/s 9 7#a7 ,pati5t wait+ on nature3 fir/1 keep ! baby himself sweet & clean1 wa%+ ! "y *ild y\rself1 two or ?ree times a day1 & %[+ y\r delight 9 8 sweetness2 dress+ him s simply t he keeps 9 respectable ord] )\t ! necessity ( a pa9ful am\nt ( att5tion4 7#b7 ,example3 ,he is to be accu/om$ to ord]ly surr\nd+s1 & ?\gh y ord9>ily require him to put away "s ( 8 ?+s himself1 y d also assi/ ?is process by putt+ away a good deal to :i* y d n call att5tion4 ,y make y\r home n only ord]ly b pretty1 & y\rself1 also1 t 8 love = y may lead him into a love = da9t9ess4 7#c7 ,habits3 ,a few set obs]vances may be safely & /eadfa/ly dem&$1 b ^! %\ld be v few3 ,su* z t he %\ld n come to breakfa/ )\t bru%+ 8 tee? & comb+ 8 hair1 or sit d[n to any meal ) unwa%$ h&s4 ,make !m s few t y c be practically c]ta9 t !y are att5d$ to1 = ! :ole value ( ! discipl9e is n 9 ! sup]ior condition ( 8 tee?1 b 9 ! habit ( m9d t is be+ =m$4 ,,impud5ce4 ,impud5ce is l>gely due to1 7#a7 lack ( p]ception3 7#b7 to bad example & to sugge/ion2 & 7#c7 to a d\ble /&>d ( morality4 ,sid5ote3 ,lack ( ,p]ception 7#a47 ,9 ! fir/ place1 too mu* mu/ n be expect$ ( ! "y savages 9 ! nurs]y4 ,rememb] t ! *ildr5 !re are 9 a /ate v mu* m ne>ly resembl+ t ( savage or half-civiliz$ nation ?an resembl+ y\r own1 & t1 !re=e1 :ile !y w und\bt$ly take k9dly to %[y c]emonial1 !y are n ripe yet = mo/ ( ! delicate obs]vances4 ,at be/1 y c only hope to get ! crude mat]ial ( good mann]s f !m4 ,y c hope t !y w be 9 ! ma9 k9d 9 int5tion1 & z c\rte\s "u provocation z is consi/5t ) _! /age ( developm5t4 ,if y secure ?is1 y ne$ n tr\ble y\rself unduly ov] occasional lapses into p]fectly innoc5t & :olesome b>b>ism4 ,good mann]s are 9 ! ma9 dep5d5t ^u quick sympa?ies1 because sympa?ies develop ! p]ceptions4 ,a *ild is mu* less likely to hurt ! feel+s or %ock ! s5sibilities ( a p]son :om he loves t5d]ly ?an ( "o = :om he c>es v little4 ,?is is ! *ief reason :y all *ildr5 are mu* m likely to be (f5sive 9 spee* & action be=e /rang]s ?an :5 alone 9 ! bosom ( _! families4 ,!y are s f> f c>+ :at a /rang] ?9ks or feels t !y _c ev5 =eca/ 8 displeasure1 nor imag9e its reaction ^u "m or fa!r4 ,! m1 !n1 t ! *ild's sympa?ies are broad5$1 ! m he is enc\rag$ to take an int]e/ 9 all p1 ev5 /rang]s1 ! bett] mann]$ w he become4 ,sid5ote3 ,bad ,example 7#b47 ,bad example is m common ?an is usually suppos$4 ,v few p>5ts are consi/5tly c\rte\s t[>d _! *ildr54 ,!y p]mit !mselves a %>p tone ( voice1 & r\gh & abrupt habits ( spee*1 t w\ld sc>cely be tol]at$ by any adult4 ,ev5 an o!rwise g5tle & amiable woman is (t5 disagreeable 9 h] mann] t[>d h] *ildr51 comm&+ !m to d ?+s 9 a way well calculat$ to excite opposition1 & rebuk+ wrong-do+ 9 unmeasur$ t]ms4 ,%e usually res]ves h] s(t & g5tle spee*es = h] own fri5ds & = h] husb&'s1 yet disc\rtesy _c beg9 to h>m !m z x h>ms h] *ildr54 ,x is true t ! *ildr5 are (t5 "u foot :5 %e is busie/1 :51 inde$1 %e is s di/ract$ z to n be able to ?9k ab\t mann]s1 b if %e w\ld ackn[l$ge to h]self t %e ought to be polite1 & t :5 %e fails to be1 x is because %e has yield$ to temptation2 & if1 moreov]1 %e w\ld make ?is ackn[l$gm5t op5ly to h] *ildr5 & beg _! p>don = h] %>p words1 z %e expects !m to beg h]s1 ! _s ( c\rtesy1 at any rate1 w\ld prevail 9 h] h\se1 & w\ld influ5ce h] *ildr54 ,*ildr5 are lov+ly ready to =give an ackn[l$g$ fault1 b ke5-ey$ beyond belief 9 detect+ a hidd5 "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\ble ,/&>d 7#c47 ,! mo/ f]tile cause ( impud5ce is assumption ( a d\ble /&>d ( morality1 "o = ! *ild & ano!r = ! adult4 ,impud5ce is1 at bottom1 ! *ild's p]ception ( ?is inju/ice1 & 8 rebellion aga9/ x4 ,:5 to ?is d\ble /&>d1--a /&>d t measures up gossip1 = in/ance1 "r = ! adult & li/5+ to gossip z wrong = ! *ild--:5 to ?is is add$ ! assumption ( infallibility1 x is no wond] t ! *ild fairly rages4 ,=1 if we come to analyze !m1 :at are ! spee*es :i* f9d s objectionable8 ,d x y\rself1 if y are s sm>t4 ,maybe1 ,i am rude1 b ,i'm n any rud] ?an y are4 ,i ?9k y are j z mean z mean c be2 ,i w\ldn't be s mean6 ,is ?is la/ spee* any worse 9 reality ?an ,y are a v naughty little girl1 & ,i am a%am$ ( y1 & all sorts ( o!r expressions ( c&id adv]se op9ion8 ,besides ^! =ms ( impud5ce1 !re is ! peculi>ly irritat+3 ,well1 y d x y\rself2 ,i guess ,i c if y c4 ,9 all ^! cases ! *ild is p>tly x ! "r4 ,he is /at+ ! feet z he sees x1 & viol5tly ass]t+ t y are n privileg$ to dem& m ( him ?an ( y\rself4 ,! evil comes 9 ?r\gh ! fact t he is do+ x 9 an ugly _s4 ,he is n only desir\s ( /at+ ! tru?1 b ( putt+ y 9 ! wrong & himself 9 ! "r1 & if ?is hurts y1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,all ?is is because he is angry1 & !re=1 9 impud5ce1 ! true evil to be ov]come is ! evil ( ang]4 ,sid5ote3 ,example ,%[ him1 !n1 t y are op5 to correction4 ,admit ! ju/ice ( ! rebuke z f> z y c1 & set him an example ( c>eful c\rtesy & =be>ance at ! v mom5t :5 ^! traits are mo/ conspicu\sly lack+ 9 him4 ,if "s special po9t is involv$1 "s "q ( privilege1 quietly1 b v firmly1 def] ! consid]ation ( x until he is ma/] ( himself & c discuss ! situation ) an op5 m9d & 9 a c\rte\s mann]4 ,,corporal ,,puni%m5t4 ,9 all ^! examples1 :i* are m]ely sugge/ive1 x is impossible to lay d[n an absolute moral recipe1 because circum/ances s truly alt] cases--9 all ^! no m5tion is made ( corporal puni%m5t4 ,?is is because corporal puni%m5t is nev] necess>y1 nev] "r1 b is always h>mful4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral ,confusion ,!re are ?ree pr9cipal reasons :y x %\ld n be resort$ to3 ,fir/1 because x is indiscrim9ate4 ,to inflict bodily pa9 z a consequ5ce ( widely v>i\s faults1 leads to moral confusion4 ,! *ild :o is spank$ = ly+1 spank$ = disob$i5ce1 & spank$ aga9 = te>+ 8 clo!s1 is likely en\gh to consid] ^! ?ree ?+s z mu* ! same1 z1 at any rate1 ( equal importance1 because !y all lead to ! same result4 ,?is is to lay ! f\ndation = a p]man5t moral confusion1 & a man :o _c see ! nature ( a wrong de$1 & its relative importance1 is incapable ( guid+ himself or o!rs4 ,corporal puni%m5t tea*es a *ild no?+ ( ! reason :y :at he does is wrong4 ,wrong mu/ seem to him to be dep5d5t ^u ! w ( ano!r1 & its disagreeable consequ5ces to be escapable if only he c evade ! w ( t o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe> v]sus ,love ,second3 ,corporal puni%m5t is wrong because x inculcates fe> ( pa9 z ! motive = conduct1 in/ead ( love ( righte\sness4 ,x t5ds directly to cultivate c[>dice1 deceitfulness1 & ang]--?ree faults worse ?an almo/ any fault aga9/ :i* x c be employ$4 ,true1 "s p]sons gr[ up bo? g5tle & /raight=w>d 9 spite ( ! fact t !y h be5 :ipp$ 9 _! y\?1 b x is 9 spite (1 & n because ( x4 ,9 _! homes o!r good qualities mu/ h c\nt]act$ ! p]nici\s effect ( ?is mi/ak5 proc$ure4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5sibilities ,blunt$ ,?ird3 ,corporal puni%m5t may1 inde$1 a*ieve imm$iate results su* z seem at ! mom5t to be em95tly desirable4 ,! *ild1 if he be "y en\gh1 weak en\gh1 & helpless en\gh1 may be made to d almo/ any?+ by fe> ( ! rod2 & "s ( ! ?+s he may ?us be made to d may be exactly ! ?+s t he ought to d2 & ?is c]ta9ty ( result is exactly :at prompts _m o!rwise j & ?\ghtful p]sons to ! use ( corporal puni%m5t4 ,b ^! good results are obta9$ at ! exp5se ( ! future4 ,! effect ( ea* spank+ is a little less ?an ! effect ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,! *ild's s5sibilities blunt4 ,z 9 ! case ( a man ) ! drug habit1 x requires a l>g] & l>g] dose to produce ! requir$ effect4 ,t is1 if he is a /rong *ild capable ( endur+ & resi/+ mu*4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he is a weak *ild1 ^: sl[ budd+ w come only timidly into exi/5ce1 "o or two :ipp+s foll[$ by ?reats1 may suffice to keep him 9 a p]man5tly c[$ condition1 incapable ( initiative1 incapable ( spontaneity4 ,! me?od ( discipl9e "h indicat$1 :ile x is m se>*+ ?an any corporal puni%m5t1 does n h any ( its disadvantages4 ,x is m se>*+1 because x nev] blunts ! *ild's s5sibilities1 b r t5ds to ref9e !m1 & to make !m m responsive4 ,sid5ote3 ,educative ,discipl9e ,sid5ote3 ,p]man5t ,results ,! *ild ?us tra9$ %\ld become m susceptible1 day by day1 to g5tle & elevat+ influ5ces4 ,?is discipl9e is educative1 expla9+ to ! *ild :y :at he does is wrong1 %[+ him ! pa9ful effects z inh]5t 9 ! de$ itself4 ,he _c1 !re=e1 conceive ( himself z be+ ev] set free f ! obligation to d "r2 = t obligation )9 8 exp]i5ce does n re/ ^u 8 "m's w or ability to inflict puni%m5t1 b ^u ! v nature ( ! univ]se ( :i* he is a "p4 ,! effects ( su* discipl9e are !re=e p]man5t4 ,t :i* happ5s to ! *ild 9 ! nurs]y1 also happ5s to him 9 ! great _w :5 he rea*es manhood4 ,8 nurs]y tra9+ int]prets & ord]s ! _w = him4 ,he comes1 !re=e1 into ! _w n desir+ to exp]im5t ) evil1 b cle>-ey$ to detect x1 & /rong-arm$ to ov]come x4 ,we are n[ ready to consid] our subject 9 "s ( its l>g] aspects4 ,,te/ ,,que/ions ,! foll[+ que/ions con/itute ! writt5 recitation :i* ! regul> memb]s ( ! ,a4,s4,h4,e4 answ] 9 writ+ & s5d 9 = ! correction & comm5t ( ! in/ructor4 ,!y are int5d$ to emphasize & fix 9 ! memory ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! lesson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>itas ,f a ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 by ,abbot ,h4 ,?ay] ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life4 ,,"p ,i4 ,read ,c>efully4 ,9 answ]+ ^! que/ions y are e>ne/ly reque/$ n to answ] accord+ to ! text-book :]e op9ions are ask$ =1 b to answ] accord+ to conviction4 ,9 all cases cr$it w be giv5 = ?\ght & orig9al obs]vation4 ,place y\r "n & full address at ! head ( ! pap]2 use y\r own words s t y\r in/ructor may be sure t y und]/& ! subject4 #a4 ,h[ does ,fiske acc\nt = ! prolong$ helplessness ( ! human infant8 ,to :at practical conclusions does ?is lead8 #b4 ,"n ! f\r ess5tials = prop] bodily gr[?4 #c4 ,h[ does ! *ild's _w diff] f t ( ! adult8 #d4 ,9 tra9+ a *ild morally1 h[ d y "k :i* faults are ! mo/ important & %\ld h1 !re=e1 ! *ief att5tion8 #e4 ,9 tra9+ ! w1 :at end mu/ be held /eadily 9 view8 #f4 ,:at are ! advantages or disadvantages ( a brok5 w8 #g4 ,is ob$i5ce important8 ,ob$i5ce to :at8 ,h[ d y tra9 = prompt ob$i5ce 9 em]g5cies8 #h4 ,:at is ! object ( puni%m5t8 ,does corporal puni%m5t accompli% ?is object8 #i4 ,:at k9d ( puni%m5t is mo/ effective8 #aj4 ,h any faults a physical orig98 ,if s1 "n "s ( !m & expla94 #aa4 ,:at are ! two great tea*]s accord+ to ,ti$]man8 #ab4 ,:at c y say ( ! fault ( untid9ess8 #ac4 ,:at are ! dang]s ( precocity8 #ad4 ,:at d y consid] 7 ! errors y\r own p>5ts made 9 tra9+ _! *ildr58 #ae4 ,are !re any que/ions :i* y w\ld l to ask 9 reg>d to ! subjects tak5 up 9 ?is lesson8 ,,note4--,aft] complet+ ! te/1 sign y\r full "n4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,"* ,,build+ ,sid5ote3 ,froebel's ,philosophy ,al?\gh we h tak5 up ! "q ( puni%m5t & ! mann] ( deal+ ) v>i\s *ildi% iniquities be=e ! "q ( "*-build+1 x has only be5 done 9 ord] to cle> ! m9d ( "s curr5t misconceptions4 ,9 ! /atem5ts ( ,froebel's simple & positive philosophy ( *ild culture1 misconception on ! "p ( ! read] mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/1 & ^! misconceptions g5]ally arise f a feel+ t1 beautiful z 8 optimi/ic philosophy may be1 !re are "s *ildr5 too bad to pr(it by x--or at lea/ t !re are occasions :5 x w n "w out 9 practice4 ,9 ! prec$+ section we h endeavor$ to %[ 9 detail h[ ?is me?od applies to a repres5tative li/ ( faults & %ortcom+s1 & hav+ ?us1 we hope1 prov$ t ! me?od is applicable to a wide range ( cases--inde$ to all possible cases--we w proce$ to rec\nt ! fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* ,froebel1 & be=e him ,pe/alozzi1,a enunciat$2 :i* times :o adh]e to ! new education are to-day work+ out into ! detail ( s*ool-room practice4 ,sid5ote3 ,object ( ,moral ,tra9+4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ! object ( ! moral tra9+ ( ! *ild is ! inculcation ( ! love ( righte\sness4 ,froebel is n conc]n$ ) lay+ d[n a mass ( obs]vances :i* ! *ild mu/ foll[1 & :i* ! p>5ts mu/ insi/ ^u4 ,he ?9ks r t ! *ild's nature once turn$ into ! "r direction & surr\nd$ by "r influ5ces w gr[ /raight )\t con/ant yank+s & twi/+s4 ,! *ild :o loves to d "r is safe4 ,he may make mi/akes z to :at ! "r is1 b he w le>n by ^! mi/akes1 & w nev] g f> a/ray4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,reason ,:y ,h[ev]1 x is well to save him z f> z possible f ! pa9 ( ^! mi/akes4 ,we ne$ to pres]ve 9 him :at has already be5 implant$ !re2 ! love ( und]/&+ ! reasons = conduct4 ,:5 ! *ild asks ,:y8 !re=e1 he %\ld seldom be told ,because "m says s4 ,?is is to d5y a rightful activity ( 8 "y m9d2 to give him a monoton\s & insuffici5t reason1 tempor>y 9 its nature1 in/ead ( a la/+ reason :i* w rema9 ) him ?r\gh life4 ,dante says all ^? :o h lo/ :at he calls ! good ( ! intellect are 9 ! ,inf]no4 ,& :5 y refuse to give y\r *ild satisfactory reasons = ! conduct y require ( him1 y refuse to cultivate 9 him t v good ( ! intellect :i* is necess>y = 8 salvation4 ,sid5ote3 ,advantage ( ,positive ,comm&s ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z y\r comm&s become positive in/ead ( negative1 ! difficulty ( meet+ ! situation beg9s to disappe>4 ,x is usually mu* easi] to tell ! *ild :y he %\ld d a ?+ ?an :y he %\ld n d its opposite4 ,= example1 x is mu* easi] to make him see t he ought to be a helpful memb] ( ! family ?an to make him und]/& :y he %\ld /op mak+ a l\d noise1 or refra9 f wak+ up ! baby4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! *ild :i* 9 calm mom5ts recognizes t love dem&s "s sacrifice4 ,to ?is some?+ y mu/ appeal & ^! calm mom5ts1 = ! mo/ "p1 y mu/ *oose = mak+ ! appeal4 ,! ef=t is to prev5t ! appe>ance ( evil by ! active pres5ce ( good4 ,! *ild :o is busy try+ to be good has little "t to be naughty4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al ,goodness ,froebel's mo/ *>act]i/ic utt]ance is p]haps ?is3 ,a suppress$ or p]v]t$ good quality--a good t5d5cy1 only repress$1 misund]/ood1 or misguid$--lies orig9ally at ! bottom ( e %ortcom+ 9 man4 ,h5ce ! only & infallible rem$y = c\nt]act+ any %ortcom+ & ev5 wick$ness is to f9d ! orig9ally good s\rce1 ! orig9ally good side ( ! human be+ t has be5 repress$1 di/urb$1 or misl$ into ! %ortcom+1 & !n to fo/]1 build up1 & prop]ly guide ?is good side4 ,?us ! %ortcom+ w at la/ disappe>1 al?\gh x may involve a h>d /ruggle aga9/ habit1 b n aga9/ orig9al depravity 9 man1 & ?is is accompli%$ s mu* ! m rapidly & surely because man himself t5ds to ab&on 8 %ortcom+s1 = man pref]s "r to wrong4 ,! natural d$uction f ?is is t we %\ld say d r ?an don't2 op5 up ! natural way = rightful activity in/ead ( utt]+ l\d w>n+ cries at ! entrance to e wrong pa?4 ,sid5ote3 ,k9d]g>t5 ,me?ods ,x is = ?is reason t ! k9d]g>t5 tries by e means to make "r do+ delightful4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons = its songs1 dances1 plays1 its bright colors1 birds1 & fl[]s4 ,& 9 ?is respect x may well be imitat$ 9 e home4 ,no "o loves t :i* is disagreeable1 ugly1 & =bidd+2 yet _m little *ildr5 are expect$ to love "r do+ :i* is seldom attractively pres5t$ to !m4 ,! results ( su* treatm5t are app>5t 9 ! gr[n p ( to-day4 ,mo/ p]sons h an und]ly+ conviction t s9n]s1 or at any rate unconsci5ti\s p]sons1 h a mu* easi] & pleasant] "t ( x ?an ^? :o try to d "r4 ,to ! imag9ation ( ! majority ( adults s9 is dress$ 9 glitt]+ colors & virtue 9 gray1 somb] g>m5ts4 ,!re are few :o d n take cr$it = "r do+ z if !y _h *os5 a h>d & disagreeable "p in/ead ( ! m allur+ ways ( wrong4 ,?is is because !y h be5 mis-taught 9 *ildhood & h come to ?9k ( wrongdo+ z pleasant & virtue z h>d1 :]eas ! real tru? is exactly ! opposite4 ,x is wrongdo+ t br+s unpleasant consequ5ces & virtue t br+s happ9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r ,do+ ,made ,easy ,!re are ^? :o object t by ! k9d]g>t5 me?od "r do+ is made too easy4 ,! *ildr5 d n h to put =? en\gh ef=t1 !y say2 !y are n call$ ^u to endure suffici5t pa92 !y d n h ! discipl9e :i* causes !m to *oose "r no matt] h[ pa9ful "r may be = ! mom5t4 ,:e!r ?is dictum is ev] true or n1 x c]ta9ly is n true 9 e>ly *ildhood4 ,! love ( righte\sness ne$s to be firmly root$ 9 ! "* be=e x is /ra9$ & pull$ ^u4 ,we d n />t se$l+s 9 ! rocky soil or plant out sapl+s 9 "t ( fro/4 ,if te/s & trials ( virtue mu/ come1 let !m come 9 lat] life :5 ! love ( virtue is s firmly e/abli%$ t x may be tru/$ to f9d a way to its own satisfaction ?r\gh :atev] difficulties may oppose4 ,sid5ote3 ,neighbors' ,op9ions ,9 ! v beg9n+ ( any ef=t to live up to ,froebel's requirem5ts x is evid5t t *ildr5 mu/ n be measur$ by ! way !y appe> to ! neighbors4 ,?is is to reaffirm ! p[] ( t rigid tradition :i* has w>p$ s _m "y lives4 ,%e :o is try+ to fix h] *ild's he>t ^u true & holy ?+s may well disreg>d h] neighbor's comm5ts on ! *ild's mann]s or clo!s or ev5 ^u mom5t>y ebullitions ( temp]4 ,%e is work+ bel[ ! surface ( ?+s1 is sett+ et]nal =ces to "w1 & %e _c af=d to int]rupt ?is "w = ! sake ( %9+ ! *ild up ) any premature outside poli%4 ,if %e is to h any peace ( m9d or to all[ any to ! *ild1 if %e is to live 9 any way a simple & s]5e life1 %e mu/ e/abli% a few fundam5tal pr9ciples by :i* %e judges h] *ild's conduct & regulates h] own1 & /& by ^! pr9ciples ?r\gh ?ick & ?94 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,family ,republic ,p]haps ! mo/ fundam5tal pr9ciple is t enunciat$ by ,fi*te4 ,ea* man1 he says1 is a free be+ 9 a _w ( o!r free be+s4 ,!re=e 8 fre$om is limit$ only by ! fre$om ( ! o!r free be+s4 ,t is1 !y mu/ divide ! _w among/ !m4 ,/at$ 9 ! =m ( a comm& he says aga91 ,re/rict y\r fre$om ?r\gh ! fre$om ( all o!r p]sons ) :om y come 9 contact4 ,?is is a rule t ev5 a ?ree-ye>-old *ild c be made to und]/&1 & x is a/oni%+ ) :at read9ess he w admit its ju/ice4 ,he call d any?+ he wants to1 y expla9 to him1 except bo!r o!r p4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 ! coroll>y foll[s t e "o else c d :atev] he pleases except to bo!r ! *ild4 ,sid5ote3 ,rights ( ,o!rs ,?is cle> & simple doctr9e c be driv5 home ) amaz+ =ce1 if y /rictly respect ! *ild's "r z y require him to respect y\rs4 ,y %\ld nei!r all[ any encroa*m5ts ^u y\r own prop] privileges1 except s f> z y expla9 t ?is is only a lov+ p]mission on y\r "p1 & n to be assum$ z a prec$5t or to be dem&$ z a "r2 nor %\ld y y\rself encroa* ^u 8 privileges4 ,if y d n expect him to int]rupt y1 y mu/ n int]rupt him4 ,if y expect him to let y alone :5 y are busy1 y mu/ let h9t alone :5 he is busy1 t is1 :5 he is h>d at "w play+4 ,if y mu/ call him away f 8 play+1 give him w>n+1 s t he may h "t to put 8 small affairs 9 ord] be=e obey+ y\r comm&4 ,! m c>efully y d ?is ! m will+ w be 8 response on ! infrequ5t occasions :5 y mu/ dem& imm$iate att5tion4 ,9 "s su* fa%ion y tea* ! *ild to respect ! rights ( o!rs by scrupul\sly respect+ ^? rights to :i* he is mo/ alive1 namely1 8 own4 ,! next /ep is to require him ) y to ?9k out ! rights ( o!rs1 & bo? ( y toge!r %\ld %ape y\r conduct s z to leave ^! rights unfr+$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ild's ,%>e 9 ,rul+ ,z soon z ! "y *ild's w has fully tak5 possession ( 8 own organism he w inevitably try to rule y\rs4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! law ( :i* ,i h j spok5 w g f> t[>d regulat+ ?is new-born desire4 ,b /ill he mu/ be all[$ 9 "s degree to rule o!rs1 because p[] to rule o!rs is likely to be at "s "t dur+ 8 life ( great importance to him4 ,to ?w>t him absolutely 9 ?is respect1 nev] yield+ y\rself to 8 imp]i\s dem&s1 is alike impossible & undesirable4 ,8 w mu/ n be %ut up to himself & to ! ?+s t he c make himself d4 ,9 v>i\s ways1 ) due consid]ation = o!r p's feel+s1 ) c\rtesy1 ) mode/y1 he may well be enc\rag$ to d 8 %>e ( rul+4 ,& :ile1 ( c\rse1 he w n beg9 8 rul+ 9 su* re/ra9$ & ?\ghtful fa%ion z is impli$ by ^! limitations1 yet he mu/ be suff]$ to beg92 & ! rule = ! respect ( ! rights ( o!rs %\ld be suff]$ gradually to "w out ^! modifications4 ,a safe di/9ction may be made z foll[s3 ,p]mit him1 s9ce he is s helpless1 to rule & p]suade o!rs to satisfy 8 legitimate desires1 su* z ! desire = food1 sleep1 affection1 & k2 b :5 be dem&s indulg5cies1 res]ve y\r own lib]ty ( *oice1 s z to cle>ly demon/rate to him t y are ex]cis+ *oice1 & 9 do+ s1 are well )9 y\r own rights4 ,sid5ote3 ,l[ ,voice ,comm&s ,!re is "o simple outw>d obs]vation :i* greatly assi/s u ! inculcation ( ^! fundam5tal tru?s--t is ! habit ( us+ a l[ voice 9 speak+1 especially :5 issu+ a comm& or adm9i/]+ a rebuke4 ,a l\d1 insi/5t voice practically insures rebellion4 ,?is is because ! l[ voice means t y h comm& ( y\rself1 ! l\d voice t y h lo/ x4 ,! *ild submits to a controll$ w1 b n to "o z uncontroll$ z 8 own4 ,9 bo? cases he foll[s y\r example4 ,if y are self-controll$1 he t5ds to become s2 if y are excit$ & angry1 he also becomes s1 or if he is already s1 8 excitem5t & ang] increases4 ,:ile mo/ mo!rs rely altoge!r too mu* ^u spee* z a means ( expla9+ life to ! *ild1 yet x mu/ be admitt$ t spee* has a great function to p]=m 9 ?is reg>d4 ,nev]!less x is well to be> 9 m9d t x is n true t a *ild w always d :at y tell him to d1 no matt] h[ pla9 y may tell him1 nor h[ p]fectly y may expla9 y\r reasons4 ,sid5ote3 ,limitations ( ,words ,9 ! fir/ place1 spee* means less to *ildr5 ?an to gr[n p]sons4 ,ea* ^w has a small] cont5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,!y _c get ! full =ce ( ! mo/ cle> & eloqu5t /atem5t4 ,!re=e all spee* mu/ be re9=c$ by example1 & by z _m =ms ( concrete illu/rations z c be comm&$4 ,ea* necess>y tru? %\ld ent] ! *ild's m9d by sev]al *annels2 he>+1 eye-sight1 motor activity %\ld all be call$ ^u4 ,_m tru?s may be dramatiz$4 ,?is1 :]e ! "m is clev] en\gh to employ x1 is ! sure/ me?od ( appeal4 ,b 9 any case1 spee* alone mu/ n be reli$ ^u1 nor ! *ild consid]$ a hopeless case :o does n respond to x4 ,d5unciatory spee* especially ne$s wise regulation4 ,z ,ri*t] says1 ,:at is to be foll[$ z a rule ( prud5ce1 yea1 ( ju/ice1 t[>d gr[n-up p1 %\ld be mu* m obs]v$ t[>d *ildr51 namely1 t "o %\ld nev] judg+ly decl>e1 = in/ance1 ',y are a li>1' or ev51 ',y are a bad boy1' in/ead ( say+1 ',y h told an untru?1' or ',y h done wrong4' ,= s9ce ! p[] to comm& y\rself implies at ! same "t ! p[] ( obey+1 man feels a m9ute aft] 8 fault z free z ,socrates1 & ! br&+ m>k ( 8 nature1 n 8 de$1 mu/ seem to him blamewor?y ( puni%m5t4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ t e individual's wrong actions1 ow+ to 8 inali5able s5se ( a moral aim & hope1 seem to him only %ort1 usurp$ int]regnums ( ! devil1 or comets 9 ! uni=m sol> sy/em4 ,! *ild1 consequ5tly1 "u su* a moral annihilation1 feels ! wrong-do+ ( o!rs m ?an 8 own2 & ?is all ! m because1 9 him1 want ( reflection & ! g5]al w>m? ( 8 feel+s1 repres5t ! inju/ice ( o!rs 9 a m ugly light ?an 8 own4 ,sid5ote3 ,example v]sus ,precept ,if any "o desires to prove ! sup]ior =ce ( example ov] precept1 let him try tea*+ a baby to say ,?ank y or ,please1 m]ely by be+ scrupul\sly c>eful to say ^! ?+s to ! baby on all fit occasions4 ,no "o has tak5 ! /ati/ics ( ! numb] ( times e small *ild is exhort$ to p]fect himself 9 ?is p>ticul> obs]vance2 b x is safe to say t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone ^! injunctions are spok5 some?+ l a million times a day & all q unnecess>ily4 ,! *ild w say ,please & ,?ank y )\t be+ told to d s1 if he m]ely has 8 att5tion call$ to ! fact t ! p ar\nd him all use ^! phrases4 ,sid5ote3 ,polit5ess to ,*ildr5 ,! tru? is1 too _m p>5ts =get to speak ^! agreeable words :5ev] !y ask favors ( _! own *ildr52 s ! =ce ( _! example is m>r$4 ,:at y d to ! *ild himself1 rememb]1 always outweighs any?+ y d to o!rs be=e him4 ,?is is ! reason :y x is necess>y t y %\ld ackn[l$ge y\r own %ortcom+s to ! *ild1 if y expect him to ackn[l$ge 8 to y4 ,x is also necess>y sometimes to po9t out cle>ly ! k9d & consid]ate ?+s t y are 9 ! habit ( do+ to o!rs1 le/ ! untra9$ m9d ( ! "y *ild may fail to see & s miss ! =ce ( y\r example4 ,b 9 ?us reveal+ y\r own good de$s to ! *ild1 rememb] ! motive1 & reveal !m only 7a7 :5 he _c p]ceive !m ( himself1 7b7 :5 he ne$s to p]ceive !m 9 ord] t 8 own conduct may be influ5c$ by !m1 & 7c7 at ! "t :5 he is mo/ likely to appreciate !m4 ,?is latt] requirem5t precludes y f ann\nc+ y\r own righte\sness :5 he is naughty1 & compels y1 ( c\rse1 to g directly aga9/ y\r native impulse1 :i* is to m5tion y\r de$s ( sacrifice & k9dness only :5 y are angry & mean to reproa* him ) !m4 ,:5 y tell him h[ devot$ y h be5 at "s mom5t :5 y are bo? ?or\ghly angry1 he is 9 dang] ( ei!r d5y+ or hat+ y\r devotion2 b :5 y ref] to x t5d]ly1 &1 z y\r he>t w !n prompt y1 mode/ly1 at "s lov+ mom5t1 he w give x recognition1 & be mov$ to love goodness m devot$ly because y embody x4 ,sid5ote3 ,law-,mak+ ,habit ,ano!r important rule is ?is3 ,d n make too _m rules4 ,"s wom5 are l legislatures 9 p]petual session4 ,! *ild :o is confus$ & tantaliz$ by ! con/ant succession ( new laws le>ns pres5tly to disreg>d !m1 & to regulate 8 life accord+ to c]ta9 d$uctions ( 8 own--sometimes surpris+ly wise & politic d$uctions4 ,! way to re y\rself ( ?is law-mak+ habit is to /op ?9k+ ( e little misde$ z ! beg9n+ ( a great wrong4 ,x is v likely an accid5t & a comb9ation ( circum/ances su* z may n happ5 aga94 ,to treat misdemeanors :i* are n habitual nor *>act]i/ic z evanesc5t is ! be/ way to make !m evanesc5t4 ,!y %\ld n be all[$ to ent] too deeply into y\r consci\sness or into t ( y\r *ild4 ,sid5ote3 ,live ) ,y\r ,*ildr5 ,9 ord] to be able to discrim9ate betwe5 accid5tal wrong-do+1 & t :i* is ! fir/ symptom ( wrong-?9k+1 y mu/ be 9 close t\* ) y\r *ildr54 ,?is br+s u to ,froebel's great motto1 ,come1 let u live ) our *ildr56 ,?is means t y are n m]ely to talk ) y\r *ild1 to he> f 8 lips :at he is do+1 b to live s closely ) him1 t 9 mo/ cases y "k :at he is do+ )\t any ne$ ( 8 tell+ y4 ,:51 h[ev]1 he does tell y some?+ :i* happ5$ 9 ! s*ool play-gr\nd or o!rwise out ( ! range ( y\r k1 be c>eful n to moralize ov] x4 ,make y\rself z agreeable a secret-keep] z 8 be/ fri5d ( 8 own age2 let y\r moraliz+ be s r>e t x is effective = t v reason4 ,if ! occasion ne$s moral reflection at all--& t seldom happ5s--! wise way is to lead ! *ild to d 8 own reflect+2 to arrive at 8 own conclusions1 & if y mu/ lead him1 by all means d s z invisibly z possible4 ,= ! mo/ "p x is safe to take ! confessions lightly1 & well to keep y\r own m9d "y by look+ at ?+s f ! boy's po9t ( view4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,subject ( ,sex ,if1 h[ev]1 !re is to be p]fect confid5ce betwe5 y1 ! "o subject :i* is usually kept out ( spee* betwe5 mo!rs & *ildr5 mu/ be no =bidd5 subject betwe5 !m2 y mu/ n refuse to answ] que/ions ab\t ! my/]y ( sex4 ,if y are n ! fit p]son to tea* y\r *ild ^! important facts1 :o is8 ,c]ta9ly n ! s*ool-mates & s]vants f :om he is likely to le>n !m if y refuse to furni% ! in=mation4 ,usually x is suffici5t simply to answ] ! *ild's hone/ que/ions hone/ly2 b any "m :o f9ds h]self unable to cope ) ?is simple matt] 9 ?is simple _s1 w f9d help 9 ,m>g>et ,morley's ,song ( ,life1 9 ! ,wood-,all5 ,publications1 & ! books ( ! ,rev4 ,sylvanus ,/all4,b ,9 respect to ^! matt]s m ?an 9 respect to o!rs1 b also 9 respect to all matt]s1 *ildr5 (t5 d n "k t !y are do+ wrong1 ev5 :5 x x v difficult = p>5ts to believe t !y d n int5d wrong-do+4 ,z we h se5 f our analysis ( tru?fulness1 ! *ild may v (t5 lie )\t a qualm ( consci5ce1 & he may /ill m readily break ! unwritt5 rules ( c\rtesy1 ask+ abrupt & ev5 cruel que/ions ( /rang]s1 & haul ! family skeleton out ( its closet at critical mom5ts4 ,su* ?+s _c be :olly gu>d$ aga9/1 ev5 by ! ex]cise ( ! utmo/ wisdom1 b ! habit ( reason+ ?+s out = himself is ! greate/ help a *ild c h4 ,sid5ote3 ,righte\sness ,! =mation ( ! b5t ( ! *ild's nature z a :ole is a matt] ( unconsci\s education1 b z he gr[s 9 ! p[] to reason1 consci\s education mu/ direct 8 m5tal activity4 ,x is n en\gh = him1 z x is n en\gh = any gr[n p]son1 to d ! be/ t he kn[s2 he mu/ le>n to "k ! be/4 ,! ^w righte\sness itself means "r-wis5ess1 i4e41 "r kn[+ness4 ,to quote ,froebel aga91 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to imp>t true1 g5u9e firmness to ! natural w-activity ( ! boy1 all ! activities ( ! boy1 8 entire w %\ld proce$ f & h ref]5ce to ! developm5t1 cultivation1 & repres5tation ( ! int]nal4 ,in/ruction 9 example & 9 words1 :i* lat] on become precept & example1 furni%es ! means = ?is4 ,nei!r example alone1 nor words w d2 n example alone1 = x is p>ticul> & special1 & ! ^w is ne$$ to give ! p>ticul> individual example univ]sal applicability2 n words alone1 = example is ne$$ to int]pret & expla9 ! ^w1 :i* is g5]al1 spiritual1 & ( _m mean+s4 ,b in/ruction & example alone & 9 !mselves are n suffici5t2 !y mu/ meet a good pure he>t & ?is is ! outcome ( prop] educational influ5ces 9 *ildhood4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral ,precocity ,le/ ^! directions %\ld seem to dem& an almo/ sup]human degree ( control & wisdom on ! "p ( ! "m1 rememb] t moral precocity is z mu* to be gu>d$ aga9/ a m5tal precocity4 ,rememb] t y are nei!r requir$ to be a p]fect "m nor to re> a p]fect *ild4 ,z ,sp5c] rem>ks1 a p]fect *ild 9 ?is imp]fect _w w\ld be sadly out ( jo9t ) ! times1 w\ld inde$ be a m>tyr4 ,if y\r basic pr9ciples are "r & if y\r *ild has be=e him ! daily & h\rly spectacle ( a "m :o is try+ to con=m h]self to high /&>ds1 he w gr[ z fa/ z x is safe = him to gr[4 ,sp5c] says3 ,our high] moral faculties l our high] intellectual ones1 are comp>atively complex4 ,z a consequ5ce !y are bo? comp>atively late 9 _! evolution1 & ) ! "o z ) ! o!r1 a v e>ly activity produc$ by /imulation w be at ! exp5se ( ! future "*4 ,h5ce ! n uncommon fact t ^? :o dur+ *ildhood 7 in/anc$ z models ( juv5ile goodness1 by & by und]go "s disa/r\s & seem+ly inexplicable *ange1 & end by be+ n above b bel[ p>2 :ile relatively exempl>y m5 are (t5 ! issue ( a *ildhood n s promis+4 ,be cont5t1 !re=e1 ) mod]ate measures & mod]ate results1 con/antly be>+ 9 m9d ! fact t ! high] morality1 l ! high] intellig5ce1 mu/ be rea*$ by a sl[ gr[?2 & y w !n h m pati5ce ) ^? imp]fections ( nature :i* y\r *ild h\rly displays4 ,y w be less prone to con/ant scold+1 & ?reat5+1 & =bidd+1 by :i* _m p>5ts induce a *ronic irritation1 9 a fooli% hope t !y w ?us make _! *ildr5 :at !y %\ld be4 ,sid5ote3 ,rules 9 ,"* ,build+ ,9 conclusion1 ! rules t may be safely foll[$ 9 "*-build+ may be summ$ up ?us3 7#a7 ,recognize t ! object ( y\r tra9+ is to help ! *ild to love righte\sness4 ,comm& little & !n use positive comm&s r ?an prohibitions4 ,use d r ?an don't4 7#b7 ,make "r-do+ delightful4 7#c7 ,e/abli% ,fi*te's doctr9e ( "r1 see page #fd4 7#d7 ,tea* by example r ?an precept4 ,!re=e respect ! *ild's rights z y wi% him to respect y\rs4 7#e7 ,use a l[ voice1 especially 9 comm&+ or rebuk+4 7#f7 ,9 *id+1 rememb] ,ri*t]'s rule & rebuke ! s9 & n ! s9n]4 7#g7 ,confess y\r own misde$s1 by ?is means & o!rs secur+ ! confid5ce ( y\r *ildr54 ,f9ally1 rememb] t ?is is an imp]fect _w1 y are an imp]fect "m1 & ! be/ results y c hope = are likely to be imp]fect4 ,b ! results may be s f\nd$ ^u et]nal pr9ciples z to t5d cont9ually to give place to bett] & bett] results4 ,footnote ,a3 ,pe/alozzi1 ,educator1 ,philosoph]1 & ,re=m]4 ,au?or ( ,h[ ,g]trude ,tea*es ,h] ,*ildr54 ,footnote ,b3 ,:at a ,"y ,girl ,ought to ,"k & ,:at a ,"y ,woman ,ought to ,"k by ,dr4 ,m>y ,wood ,all54 ,:at a ,"y ,boy ,ought to ,"k1 ,:at a ,"y ,man ,ought to ,"k1 by ,rev4 ,sylvanus ,/all4 ,,play ,al?\gh ,froebel is be/ kn[n z ! educator :o fir/ took advantage ( play z a means ( education1 he 0 n1 9 reality1 ! fir/ to recognize ! high value ( ?is spontane\s activity4 ,he 0 inde$ ! fir/ to put ?is recognition into practice & to use ! =ce g5]at$ dur+ play to help ! *ild to a high] /ate ( k4 ,b be=e him ,plato said t ! plays ( *ildr5 h ! mightie/ influ5ce on ! ma9t5ance or ! non-ma9t5ance ( laws2 t dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ! *ild %\ld be made *e]ful & k9d by hav+ sorr[ & fe> & pa9 kept away f him & by soo?+ him ) music & rhy?mic movem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle ,ari/otle held t *ildr5 until !y 7 five ye>s old %\ld be taught no?+1 n ev5 necess>y labor1 le/ x h9d] gr[?1 b %\ld be accu/om$ to use mu* motion z to avoid a indol5t habit ( body1 & ?is1 he add$1 c he acquir$ by v>i\s means1 among o!rs by play1 :i* ought to be nei!r illib]al1 nor labori\s1 or lazy4 ,sid5ote3 ,lu!r ,lu!r rebukes ^? :o despise ! plays ( *ildr5 & says t ,solomon did n prohibit s*ol>s f play at ! prop] "t4 ,f5elon1 ,locke1 ,s*ill]1 & ,ri*t] all admit ! deep significance ( ?is univ]sal in/9ct ( y\?4 ,prey]1 speak+ n z a philosoph] or educator1 b z a sci5ti/1 m5tions ! new k9ds ( pleasurable s5sations ) "s admixture ( intellectual elem5ts1 :i* are ga9$ :5 ! *ild gradually beg9s to play4 ,mu* t is call$ play he consid]s true exp]im5t+1 especially :5 ! *ild is se5 to be /udy+ ! *anges produc$ by 8 own activity1 z :5 he te>s pap] into small bits1 %akes a bun* ( keys1 op5s & %uts a box1 plays ) s&1 & empties bottles1 & ?r[s /ones into ! wat]4 ,! zeal ) :i* ^! seem+ly aimless movem5ts are execut$ is rem>kable4 ,! s5se ( gratification mu/ be v great1 & is pr9cipally due to ! feel+ ( 8 own p[]1 & ( be+ ! cause ( ! v>i\s *anges4 ,sid5ote3 ,educational ,value ( ,play ,all ^! au?orities are quot$ "h 9 ord] to %[ t ! practical recognition ( play :i* obta9s among ! advanc$ educators to-day is n a piece ( s5tim5talism1 z /]n critics sometimes decl>e1 b ! unit$ op9ion ( "s ( ! wise/ m9ds ( ?is & =m] ages4 ,z ,froebel says1 ,play & spee* con/itute ! elem5t 9 :i* ! *ild lives4 ,at ?is /age 7! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( *ildhood7 he imp>ts to ev]y?+ ! virtues ( sight1 feel+1 & spee*4 ,he feels ! unity betwe5 himself & ! :ole ext]nal _w4 ,& ,froebel conceives x to be ( ! pr(\nde/ importance t ?is s5se ( unity %\ld n be di/urb$4 ,he f9ds t play is ! mo/ spiritual activity ( man at ?is age1 & at ! same "t typical ( human life z a :ole--( ! inn]1 hidd51 natural life ( man & all ?+s2 x gives1 !re=e1 joy1 fre$om1 cont5tm5t1 inn] & out] re/1 peace ) ! _w3 x holds ! s\rces ( all t is good4 ,! *ild t plays ?or\ghly until physical fatigue =bids w surely be a ?or\gh1 det]m9$ man1 capable ( self-sacrifice = ! promotion & welf>e ( himself & o!rs4 ,b all play does n des]ve ?is high praise4 ,x fits only ! play "u "r conditions4 ,=tunately ^! are su* t e "m c comm& !m4 ,!re are ?ree ess5tials3 7#a7 ,fre$om1 7#b7 ,sympa?y1 7#c7 ,"r mat]ials4 ,sid5ote3 ,fre$om 7#a7 ,fre$om is ! fir/ ess5tial1 & "h ! *ild ( pov]ty (t5 has ! advantage ( ! *ild ( weal?4 ,!re are few ?+s 9 ! pov]ty-/rick5 home too good = him to play )2 9 its n>r[ qu>t]s1 he becomes1 p]=ce1 a "p ( all dome/ic activity4 ,he le>ns ! uses ( h\sehold ut5sils1 & 8 play m]ges by imp]ceptible degrees into true1 heal?ful "w4 ,9 ! home ( weal?1 h[ev]1 !re is no su* fre$om1 no su* ri*ness ( opportunity4 ,! *ild ( weal? has pl5ty ( toys1 b few real ?+s to play )4 ,he is %ut out ( ! common activity ( ! family1 & %ut 9 to ! imitation activity ( 8 nurs]y4 ,he nev] gets 8 small h&s on realities1 b 9 8 elegant clo!s is conf9$ to ! n>r[ conv5tional r\nd t is falsely suppos$ to be good = him4 ,froebel insi/s ^u ! importance ( ! *ild's dress be+ loose1 s]viceable1 & inconspicu\s1 s t he may play z mu* z possible )\t consci\sness ( ! re/rictions ( dress4 ,! play+ *ild %\ld also h1 z we h notic$ 9 ! fir/ section1 ! fre$om ( ! outside _w4 ,?is does n mean m]ely t he %\ld g out 9 8 baby-buggy1 or take a ride 9 ! p>k1 b t he %\ld be able to play out-(-doors1 to creep on ! gr\nd1 to be a little op5-air savage1 & play ) nature z he f9ds x4 ,sid5ote3 ,sympa?y 7#b7 ,sympa?y is mu* m likely to rise spontane\sly 9 ! "m's brea/ = ! *ild's tr\bles ?an = ! *ild's joys4 ,%e w /op to take him up & pet him :5 he is hurt1 no matt] h[ busy %e is1 b %e too (t5 consid]s x wa/e ( "t to ent] into 8 plays ) him2 yet he ne$s sympa?y 9 joy z mu* z 9 sorr[4 ,h] pres5ce1 h] int]e/ 9 :at he is do+1 d\bles 8 delight 9 x & d\bles its value to him4 ,moreov]1 x (f]s h] opportunity = t t\* & direction n[ & !n1 :i* may trans=m a rambl+ play1 )\t mu* sequ5ce or mean+1 into a consci\sly useful p]=mance1 a dramatization1 p]haps1 ( "s ( ! *ild's obs]vations1 or an inve/igation into ! nature ( ?+s4 7#c7 ,"r ,mat]ial4 ,ev5 giv5 fre$om & sympa?y1 ! *ild ne$s some?+ m 9 ord] to play well3 he ne$s ! "r mat]ials4 ,! be/ mat]ials are ^? t are common to him & to ! re/ ( ! _w1 f> bett] ?an exp5sive toys t m>k him ap>t f ! _w ( less =tunate *ildr54 ,su* toys are n 9 any way desirable1 & !y may ev5 be h>mful4 ,:at he ne$s are v>i\s simple arrangem5ts ( ! f\r elem5ts--e>?1 air1 fire & wat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,mud-pies 7#a7 ,e>?4 ,! *ild has a not$ aff9ity = x1 & he is specially happy :5 he has pl5ty ( x on h&s1 face1 & clo!s4 ,! love ( mud-pies is univ]sal2 *ildr5 ( all nationalities & ( all degrees ( civilization delight 9 x4 ,no activity c\ld be m :olesome4 ,sid5ote3 ,s& ,next to mud comes s&4 ,x is clean] 9 appe>ance & c be br\ght into ! h\se4 ,a tray ( moi/5$ s&1 set ^u a l[ table1 %\ld be 9 e nurs]y1 & ! s& pile 9 e y>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,clay ,clay is m difficult to manage indoors1 because x gets dry & sifts all ab\t ! h\se1 b if a corn] ( ! cell>1 :]e !re is a good light1 c be giv5 up = a /rong table & a j> ( clay mix$ ) "s wat]1 x w be f\nd a great res\rce = ra9y days4 ,if model+ aprons ( /rong mat]ial1 button$ ) "o button at ! neck1 be hung ne> ! j> ( clay1 ! *ildr5 may "w 9 ?is mat]ial )\t spoil+ _! clo!s4 ,clay-model+ is an excell5t =m ( manual tra9+1 develop+ )\t =c+ ! delicate muscles ( ! f+]s & wri/s1 & giv+ wide opportunity = ! ex]cise ( ! imag9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,digg+ ,e>? may be play$ ) 9 /ill ano!r way4 ,*ildr5 %\ld dig 9 x2 = all pass ?r\gh ! digg+ /age & ?is %\ld be giv5 free sw+4 ,x develops _! muscles & keeps !m busy at helpful & con/ructive "w4 ,!y may dig a well1 make a cave1 or a pond1 or burr[ und]gr\nd & make tunnels l a mole4 ,give !m spades & a piece ( gr\nd !y c d ) z !y l1 dress !m 9 ov]alls1 & x w be long be=e y are ask$ to ?9k ( ano!r amusem5t = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,patt]n ( a modell+ apron ,sid5ote3 ,g>d5s ,9 /ill ano!r way ! e>? may be utiliz$1 = *ildr5 may make g>d5s ( x4 ,inde$1 !re are ^? :o say t no *ild's education is complete until he has _h a g>d5 ( 8 own & gr[n 9 x all sorts ( se$s f pansies to potatoes4 ,b a g>d5 is too mu* = a "y *ild to c>e = all alone4 ,he ne$s ! help1 advice1 & companion%ip ( "s old] p]son4 ,y mu/ be c>eful1 h[ev]1 to give help only :5 x is really desir$2 & c>eful also n to let him feel t ! g>d5 is a task to :i* he is driv5 daily1 b a joy t draws him4 ,sid5ote3 ,kites ,w9dmills ,soap-bubbles 7#b7 ,! ,air4 ,! next important play?+ is ! air4 ,! kite & ! balloon are only two in/rum5ts to help ! *ild play ) x4 ,little w9dmills made ( color$ pap] & /uck by means ( a p9 at ! end ( a :ittl$ /ick1 make satisfactory toys4 ,"o ( _! great advantages is t ev5 a v "y *ild c make !m = himself4 ,bl[+ soap-bubbles is ano!r means ( play+ ) air4 ,by giv+ ! *ildr5 wool5 mitt5s ! bubbles may be caught & toss$ ab\t z well z bl[n4 7#c7 ,wat]4 ,p]haps ! v fir/ ?+ he le>ns to play ) is wat]4 ,almo/ be=e he kn[s ! use ( 8 h&s & legs he plays ) wat] 9 8 ba?1 & sucks 8 sponge ) joy1 ?us feel+ ! wat] ) 8 *ief organs ( t\*1 8 m\? & tongue4 ,a few mon?s lat] he w be glad to p\r wat] out ( a t9 cup4 ,ev5 :5 he is two or ?ree ye>s old1 be may be amus$ by ! h\r1 by dress+ him 9 a wool5 g[n1 ) 8 sleeves roll$ high1 & sett+ him d[n be=e a big b[l or 8 own ba?-tub half full ( w>m wat]4 ,to ?is may be add$ a sponge1 a t9 cup1 a few bits ( wood1 & "s pap]4 ,!y %\ld n be giv5 all at once1 b "o at a "t1 ! *ild all[$ to exhau/ ! possibilities ( ea* be=e ano!r is add$4 ,/ill lat] he may be giv5 ! bits ( soap left aft] a cake ( soap is us$ up4 ,give him also a few empty bottles or b[ls & let him put !m away ) a solid mass ( soap-suds 9 !m & see :at w happ54 ,:5 he is old]--pa/ ! p]iod ( putt+ ev]y?+ 9 8 m\?--he may be giv5 a few bits ( bright ribbons1 petals ( artificial fl[]s1 or any bright color$ bits ( clo? :i* c color ! wat]4 ,*ildr5 love to spr9kle ! grass ) ! hose or to wat] ! fl[]s ) ! spr9kl+ c4 ,!y enjoy also ! metal fi%es1 ducks1 & boats :i* may be drawn ab\t 9 ! wat] by means ( a magnet4 ,pres5tly !y rea* ! /age :5 !y mu/ h toy-boats1 & next !y long to g into real boats & g r[+ & sail+4 ,!y want to fi%1 wade1 swim1 & skate4 ,sid5ote3 ,dang]\s ,pa/imes ,"s ( ^? pa/imes are dang]\s1 b !y are sure to be indulg$ 9 at "s "t or o!r1 ) or )\t p]mission4 ,!re nev] grew a *ild to /urdy manhood :o 0 successfully kept away f wat]4 ,! wise "m1 !n1 w n =bid ?is play1 b w d h] be/ to regulate x1 to make x safe4 ,%e w ?9k out plans = p]mitt+ *ildr5 to g swimm+ 9 a safe place ) "s old] p]son4 ,%e w let !m g wad+1 & at holiday "t w take !m boat-rid+4 ,if %e p]mits z mu* activity 9 ^! respects z possible1 h] refusal :5 x does come w be respect$2 & ! *ild w n1 unless p]haps 9 ! fir/ bitt]ness ( disappo9tm5t1 ?9k h] unfri5dly & fussy4 ,above all1 he is n likely to try to deceive h]1 to run (f & take a swim on ! sly1 & ?us fall into true dang]4 ,sid5ote3 ,precaution ) ,fire 7#d7 ,fire is ano!r inevitable play?+4 ,miss ,%9n reports t ! fir/ act ( h] little niece t %[$ ! dawn ( volunt>y control ( ! muscles 0 ! cl++ ( h] eyes to ! flame ( a c&le1 at ! end ( ! second week4 ,! s5se ( light & ! pleasure d]iv$ f x is ( ! *ief inc5tives to a baby's intellectual developm5t4 ,b s9ce fire is dang]\s ! *ild mu/ be taught ?is fact z quickly & pa9lessly z possible4 ,he w probably h to be burn$ once be=e he really und]/&s x1 b by wat*+ y c make ?is pa9 v small & slight1 b>ely suffici5t to give ! *ild a :olesome fe> ( play+ ) ungu>d$ fire4 ,= in/ance1 %[ t ! lamp globe is hot4 ,x is n hot en\gh to injure him1 b q hot en\gh to be unpleasant to 8 s5sitive n]ves4 ,put y\r own h& on ! lamp & draw x away ) a %>p cry1 say+ w>n+ly1 ,hot1 hot6 ,d n put 8 h& on ! lamp1 b let him put x !re himself & !n be v sympa!tic ov] ! result4 ,usually "o su* lesson is suffici5t4 ,only d n p]mit y\rself to call ev]y?+ hot :i* y d n want him to t\*4 ,he w soon discov] t y are untru?ful & w nev] aga9 tru/ y s fully4 ,sid5ote3 ,bonfires ,"u prop] regulations1 h[ev]1 fire may be play$ ) safely4 ,bonfires ) "s old] p]son 9 att5dance are safe en\gh & prev5t unlawful bonfires 9 dang]\s places4 ,! rule %\ld be t none ( ! *ildr5 may play ) fire except ) p]mission2 & !n t p]mission %\ld be grant$ z (t5 z possible t ! *ildr5 may be enc\rag$ to ask = x4 ,a /ick sm\ld]+ at "o end & wav$ ab\t 9 circles & ellipses is n dang]\s :5 eld]s are by1 b x is dang]\s if play$ ) on ! sly4 ,play+ ) fire on ! sly is ! mo/ dang]\s ?+ a *ild c d1 & ! only way to prev5t x is to p]mit him to play ) fire 9 ! op54 ,a beautiful game c be made f numb] ( ,*ri/mas tree c&les ( v>i\s colors & a b[l ( wat]4 ,! c&les are light$ & ! wax dropp$ into ! wat]1 mak+ little color$ circles :i* float ab\t4 ,^! c be l9k$ toge!r su* a fa%ion z to =m patt]ns :i* may be lift$ out on %eets ( pap]4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic ,lant]n ,! magic lant]n is an innoc5t & comp>atively *eap means ( play+ ) light4 ,if x is well tak5 c>e ( & fre% slides add$ f "t to "t x c be made a s\rce ( pleasure = ye>s4 ,jack-o'-lant]ns are great fun1 & :5 pumpk9s are n available1 oranges may be us$ in/ead4 ,sid5ote3 ,rhy?mic ,movem5ts ,besides ^! elem5tal play?+s ! *ild gets mu* valuable pleasure out ( ! rhy?mic use ( 8 own muscles4 ,all su* plays ,plato ?\ght %\ld be regulat$ by music1 & ) ?is ,froebel agre$1 b 9 ! ,h\sehold ?is is (t5 impossible4 ,! *ildr5 mu/ indulge 9 _m movem5ts :5 !re is no "o ab\t :o has leisure to make music = !m4 ,/ill1 :5 !y come to ! qu>relsome age1 a few m9utes' rhy?mic play to ! s\nd ( music w be f\nd to h>monize ! :ole gr\p wond]fully4 ,= ?is purpose ! ord9>y hippity-hop1 fa/ or sl[ accord+ to ! music1 is suffici5t4 ,x is z if ! regulation ( ! body to ! laws ( h>mony react$ ^u m9ds & n]ves4 ,su* an ex]cise is p>ticul>ly valuable j be=e b$-"t4 ,! *ildr5 g to sleep !n ) _! m9ds "u ! influ5ce ( h>mony & wake 9 ! morn+ incl9$ to be peaceful & happy4 ,sid5ote3 ,songs ,a book ( ,k9d]g>t5 songs1 su* z ,mrs4 ,gaynor's ,songs ( ! ,*ild ,_w & ,eleanor ,smi?'s ,songs = ! ,*ildr51 ought to be 9 e h\sehold1 & ! "m ought to famili>ize h]self ) a doz5 or s ( ^! p]fectly simple melodies4 ,( c\rse ! *ildr5 mu/ le>n !m ) h]4 ,:5 once ?is has be5 done %e has a valuable means ( amus+ !m & br++ !m )9 h] control at any "t4 ,%e may hum "o ( ! songs or play x4 ,! *ildr5 mu/ guess :at x is & !n act out _! guess 9 pantomime1 s t %e c see :at !y mean4 ,p]haps x is a w9dmill song2 _! arms fly ar\nd & ar\nd 9 "t to ! music1 n[ fa/1 n[ sl[4 ,p]haps x is a ,spr+ song2 ! *ildr5 are birds build+ _! ne/s4 ,o!r songs turn !m into %oemak]s1 gallop+ horses1 or soldi]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,dramatic ,plays ,dramatic plays1 :e!r simple1 l ?is1 or elaborate1 are1 z ,goe! %[s 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 ( ! greate/ possible educational advantage4 ,9 !m ! *ild expresses 8 ideas ( ! _w ab\t him & becomes ma/] ( 8 own ideas4 ,he acts out :atev] he has he>d or se54 ,he acts out also :atev] he is puzzl+ ab\t1 & by mak+ ! t]ms ( 8 problem cle> to 8 consci\sness usually solves x4 ,sid5ote3 ,danc+ ,z = danc+1 ,ri*t] exclaims3 ,i "k n :e!r ,i %\ld mo/ deprecate *ildr5's balls or mo/ praise *ildr5's dances4 ,= ! h>mony connect$ ) x 7danc+7 imp>ts to ! affections & ! m9d t mat]ial ord] :i* reveals ! highe/1 & regulates ! beat ( ! pulse1 ! /ep1 & ev5 ! ?\ght4 ,music is ! met] ( ?is poetic movem5t1 & is an invisible dance1 z danc+ is a sil5t music4 ,f9ally1 ?is also ranks among ! advantages ( 8 eye & heel pleasure2 t *ildr5 ) *ildr51 by no h>d] canon ?an ! musical1 light z s\nd1 may be jo9$ 9 a rosebud fea/ )\t ?orns or /rife4 ,! dances may be ( ! simple/ k9d1 su* z ,r+ ,ar\nd a ,rosy1 ,"h ,we ,g1 ,to & ,fro1 ,old ,dan ,tuck] & ! ,virg9ia ,reel4 ,! old-fa%ion$ s++ plays1 su* z ,london ,bridge1 ,:]e ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans1 & ,b>ley ,gr[1 & ,pop ,goes ! ,weasel h _! place & value4 ,sev]al collections ( !m h be5 made & publi%$1 b usually q en\gh mat]ial may be f\nd = ^! plays 9 ! memories ( ! p ( any neighborhood4 ,sid5ote3 ,toys ,all ^! plays1 x w be notic$1 call = v simple & inexp5sive app>atus1 9 mo/ cases = no app>atus at all4 ,nev]!less !re is a place = toys4 ,all *ildr5 ought to h a few1 bo? because ( ! innoc5t pleasure !y af=d & because !y ne$ to h c]ta9 possessions :i* are inali5ably _! own4 ,a simple & inexp5sive li/ ( suitable toys adapt$ to v>i\s ages is giv5 at ! end ( ?is section4 ,mo/ ( !m are exactly ! toys t p>5ts usually buy4 ,b x w be notic$ t none ( !m are v elaborate or exp5sive1 & t ! patrol wagon is n among !m4 ,?is is because ! patrol wagon directly leads to plays t are n only un$ucational b positively h>mful 9 _! t5d5cies4 ,! *ildr5 ( a :ole neighborhood 7 once l$ into ! habit ( committ+ v>i\s imitation crimes = ! sake ( be+ arre/$ & c>ri$ (f 9 m9iature patrol wagon4 ,x any su* exp5sive & elaborate toys are b\ght1 x may well be ! pla9 express wagon or ! hook & ladd] & fire eng9e4 ,! fir/ ( ^! leads to plays ( indu/ry1 ! second to ^? ( h]oism4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,toys ,,suitable ,,= ,,v>i\s ,,ages4 ,ball1 rubb] r+1 s(t animals & rag dolls 444444444 ,be=e #a ye> ,blocks & ,bells 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #a ye> ,small *air & table 444444444444444444444444444444444444#a #a_/b ye>s ,noah's ,ark 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444 #b ye>s ,picture books 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #b ye>s ,mat]ials & in/rum5ts 444444444444444444444444444444 #b to #c ye>s ,c>ts1 /ick-horses1 & re9s 444444444444444444444 #b #a_/b to #c ye>s ,boats1 %ips1 eng9es1 t9 or wood5 animals1 dolls1 di%es1 broom1 spade1 s&-pile1 bucket1 etc 4444444444444444 #c ye>s ,hoop1 games & /ory books 444444444444444444444444444444444 #e ye>s ,,occupations ,sid5ote3 ,home ,k9d]g>t5 ,!re are a numb] ( books design$ to tea* mo!rs h[ to c>ry ! ,k9d]g>t5 occupations ov] into ! home2 b :ile su* books may be helpful 9 a few cases1 9 mo/ cases bett] occupations pres5t !mselves 9 ! c\rse ( ! day's "w4 ,! ,k9d]g>t5 occupations !mselves foll[ increas+ly ! ord] ( dome/ic r\t9e4 ,= example1 _m *ildr5 9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 make mitt5s out ( eid]d[n flannel 9 ! ,fall1 :5 _! own mo!rs are knitt+ _! mitt5s1 & make little hoods ei!r = !mselves or = _! dolls4 ,at o!r p]iods !y put up little glasses ( pres]ves or jelly1 & /udy ! indu/ry ( ! bees & ! way !y put up _! t9y j>s ( jelly4 ,_! att5tion is call$ also to ! prep>ations t ! squirrels & o!r animals make = w9t]1 & to t ( ! trees & fl[]s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! occupations 9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 are design$ to br+ ! *ildr5 into consci\s sympa?y ) ! life ( nature & ( ! home4 ,sid5ote3 ,k9d]g>t5 ,me?ods ,t "m :o keeps ?is purpose 9 m9d & applies x to ! occupations t come up naturally 9 ! c\rse ( a day's "w1 w !reby br+ ! ,k9d]g>t5 _s into h] own home mu* m truly ?an if %e inve/s 9 a numb] ( p]=at$ sew+ c>ds & color$ /rips ( pap] = weav+4 ,n t !re is any h>m 9 ^! bits ( app>atus1 provid$ t ! sew+ c>ds are l>ge & s p]=at$ z n to task ! eyes & "y f+]s ( ! sew]4 ,b unless = "s special purpose1 su* z ! mak+ ( a ,*ri/mas or bir?day gift1 ^! devices are unnecess>y & bett] left to ! s*ool1 :i* has less ri*ness ( mat]ial at h& ?an has ! home4 ,sid5ote3 ,help+ ,"m ,9 all[+ ! *ildr5 to ent] a work]s into ! full life ( ! home sev]al good ?+s are accompli%$4 7#a7 ,! eag] int]e/ ( ! develop+ m9d is utiliz$ to bright5 ^? duties :i* are likely to rema9 p]man5t duties4 ,n does ?is obs]vation apply only to girls4 ,dome/ic obligations are suppos$ to re/ *iefly ^u !m1 b ! tru? is t boys ne$ to feel ^! obligations z ke5ly z ! girls1 if !y are to gr[ into consid]ate & helpful husb&s & fa!rs4 ,! usual division ( labor into =ms falsely call$ mascul9e & fem99e is1 !re=e1 mu* to be deplor$4 ,moreov]1 at an e>ly age *ildr5 are seldom sex-consci\s1 & any precocity 9 ?is direction is especially evil 9 its results2 yet _m mo!rs f ! beg9n+ make su* a division betwe5 :at !y require ( _! boys & ( _! girls z to =ce ?is consci\sness ^u !m4 ,all k9ds ( "w1 !n1 %\ld be all[$ 9 ! beg9n+1 h[ev] x may diff]5tiate lat] on1 & little boys z well z little girls %\ld be taught to take an int]e/ 9 sew+1 di%-wa%+1 sweep+1 du/+1 & cook+--9 all ! =ms ( dome/ic activity4 ,?is is s f> recogniz$ among educators t ! mo/ progressive prim>y s*ools n[ tea* cook+ to mix$ classes ( boys & girls1 & also sew+4 ,^! activities are recogniz$ z highly educational1 be+1 z !y are1 int]wov5 ) ! hi/ory ( ! race & ) its daily ne$s4 ,:5 !y are /udi$ 9 _! full sum ( relation%ip1 !y increase ! *ild's k ( bo? ! pa/ & ! liv+ _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,tea*+ ,"m 7#b7 ,besides ! deep5+ ( ! *ild's int]e/ 9 t "w :i* 9 "s =m or o!r he w h ) him always1 is ! quick5+ ( ! "m's own int]e/ 9 :at may h come to seem to h] m]e daily drudg]y4 ,any woman :o und]takes to p]=m s simple an op]ation z di%-wa%+ ) ! help ( a bright happy *ild1 ask+ sixte5 que/ions to ! m9ute1 w f9d t common-place op]ation full ( possibilities2 & if %e w answ] all ! que/ions %e w probably f9d h] k /ra9$ to ! break+ po9t1 & w discov] !re is m to be kn[n ab\t di%-wa%+ ?an %e ev] dream$ ( be=e2 :ile 9 cook+1 if %e w make an ef=t to look up ! sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & e?ics involv$ 9 ! cook+ & s]v+ ( a v simple meal1 %e w n be likely to reg>d ! task z "o b5ea? h]1 b r z "o beyond h]4 ,no "o c s lead h] away f false conv5tions & n>r[ prejudices z a little *ild :om %e p]mits to help h] & tea* h]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,love ( ,"w 7#c7 ,! *ild's spontane\s joy 9 be+ active & 9 do+ any s]vice is be+ utiliz$1 z x %\ld be1 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 daily duties4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! fact t all *ildr5 9 ! beg9n+ love to "w1 & t !re mu/ be some?+ ! matt] ) our education s9ce ?is love is s e>ly lo/ & s seldom reacquir$4 ,if :5 "y *ildr5 wi% to help "m !y are almo/ inv>iably p]mitt$ to d s1 & _! ef=ts greet$ lov+ly1 ?is delight 9 helpfulness w rema9 a bless+ to !m ?r\gh\t life4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ,make ,help+ ( ,b5efit ,b 9 ord] to get ^! b5efits f ! dome/ic activities two or ?ree simple rules mu/ be obs]v$4 7#a7 ,d n g sil5tly ab\t y\r "w1 expect+ y\r *ild to be int]e/$ & to und]/& )\t be+ talk$ to4 ,play ) him :ile y "w ) him1 & see ! realization ( y\?fulness t comes to y\rself :ile y d x4 ,_m tasks fit = *ildi% h&s are 9 _! nature too monoton\s = *ildi% m9ds4 ,"h y\r imag9ation mu/ come into play to r\se & excite 8 activity4 ,= in/ance1 y are bo? %ell+ peas4 ,:5 he beg9s to be tir$ y sugge/ to him1 ,"h is a cage full ( birds1 let u op5 ! door = !m2 or y may tell a /ory :ile y "w1 b x %\ld be a /ory ab\t t v activity1 or ! *ild w =m ! habit ( dream+ & dawdl+ ov] 8 "w4 ,su* /ories may be p]fectly simple & ev5 r po9tless & yet d good "w2 ! :ole object is to keep ! *ild's fly-away imag9ation turn$ ^u ! "w at h&1 ?us l5d+ w+s to 8 ?\ght1 & lightness to 8 f+]s4 ,moreov]1 ! "m :o talks ) h] *ild :ile work+ is tra9+ 9 him ! habit ( bright unconsci\s conv]sation1 ?us giv+ him a mo/ useful accompli%m5t4 ,mak+ a game or a play out ( ! "w is1 ( c\rse1 conducive to ! same good results4 ,:5 ! /ory or ! talk drags1 ! game ) its great] dramatic p[] may be sub/itut$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fatigue 7#b7 ,*ildr5 %\ld nei!r be all[$ to "w to ! po9t ( fatigue nor to /op :5 !y please4 ,fatigue1 z our late/ inve/igators 9 physiological psy*ology h conclusively prov$1 is productive ( an actual poison 9 ! blood & z su* is peculi>ly h>mful to "y *ildr54 ,b :ile "w--or = t matt] play ei!r--mu/ nev] be pu%$ pa/ ! po9t ( heal?ful fatigue1 x may well be pu%$ pa/ ! po9t ( spontane\s int]e/ & desire3 ! *ild may be happily p]suad$ by v>i\s hidd5 means to d a little m ?an he is q ready to d4 ,by ?is device1 :i* is "o ( ! recogniz$ devices ( ! ,k9d]g>t51 mo!rs increase by imp]ceptible degrees t p[] ( att5tion :i* makes w p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,will+ ,indu/ry 7#c7 ,set ! example ( will+ indu/ry4 ,nei!r let ! *ild conceive ( y z an imp]sonal necess>y "p ( ! h\sehold ma*9]y1 nor z an unwill+ m>tyr to h\sehold necessities4 ,mo/ mo!rs err 9 "o or ! o!r ( ^! two directions1 & _m ( !m err 9 bo?3 !y ei!r1 7a7 p]=m ! innum]able s]vices ( ! h\sehold s quietly & /eadily t ! *ild does n p]ceive ! ef=t t ! p]=mance co/s &1 !re=e1 z f> z 8 consci\sness is conc]n$1 is depriv$ ( ! =ce ( 8 "m's example1 or 7b7 !y groan al\d ov] _! burd5s & make _! daily m>tyrdom vocal4 ,ei!r way is wrong1 = x is a mi/ake n to let a *ild see t y\r /eady p]=mance ( tasks1 :i* _c be always delightful1 is a result ( self-discipl9e2 & x is equally a mi/ake to let him ?9k t ?is discipl9e is "o aga9/ :i* y rebel4 ,= 9 reality y are s f> f be+ unwill+ to b9d y\rself 9 8 s]vice t if he ne$$ x y w\ld promptly d\ble & quadruple y\r ex]tions4 ,x is exactly :at y d :5 he is sick or 9 dang]2 & if he dies ! sore/ a*e ( y\r he>t is ! a*e ( ! love t c no long] be ( s]vice to ! belov$4 ,sid5ote3 ,monotony 7#d7 ,rememb] t monotony is ! curse ( labor = bo? *ild & adult1 b t monotony _c exi/ :]e new intellectual insights are con/antly be+ giv54 ,!re=e1 :ile ! daily r\nd ( labor1 %ap$ by ! daily recurr+ dem&s = food1 w>m?1 cleanl9ess1 & sleep1 goes on )\t mu* *ange1 seize e opportunity to deep5 ! *ild's p]ception ( ! relation ( ?is r\t9e to ! ord] ( ! l>g] _w4 ,= in/ance1 if a new h\se is be+ built ne> by1 visit x ) ! *ildr51 comp>+ x ) y\r own h\se1 figure out :e!r x is go+ to be easi] to keep clean & to w>m ?an y\r h\se is & :y4 ,if y ne$ to call 9 ! c>p5t]1 ! plumb]1 ! pap]-hang]1 or ! /oveman1 try to h him come :5 ! *ildr5 are at home1 & let !m satisfy _! int5se curiosity z to 8 "w4 ,?is k w soon] or lat] be ( practical value1 & x is imm$iately ( spiritual value4 ,sid5ote3 ,beautiful ,"w 7#e7 ,beautify ! "w z mu* z possible by lett+ ! arti/ic s5se h full play4 ,?is rule is s important t ! attempt to e/abli% x 9 ! l>g] _w outside ( ! home has giv5 rise to ! movem5t kn[n z ! arts & crafts movem5t1 :i* has its rise 9 ! p]ception t no great art c come into exi/5ce among u until ! common ?+s ( daily liv+--! furniture1 ! books1 ! c>pets1 ! *9aw>e--are made to express t creative joy 9 ! mak] :i* di/+ui%es an arti/ic product f an in>ti/ic "o4 ,?is creative joy1 9 h[soev] small degree1 may be pres5t 9 mo/ ( ! ?+s t ! *ild does4 ,if he sets ! table1 he may set x beautifully1 tak+ real pleasure 9 ! color+ ( ! *9a & ! %9e ( ! silv] & glass4 ,he ought n to be p]mitt$ to set x untidily ^u a soil$ tableclo?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,"r ,_s 7#f7 ,?is is a negative rule1 b p]haps ! mo/ important ( all3 ,,d ,,n ,,nag4 ,! *ild :o is driv5 to 8 "w & kept at x by means ( a con/ant pressure ( a /rong] w ^u 8 own1 is d]iv+ little1 if any1 b5efit f x2 & z y are n tea*+ him to "w = ! sake ( 8 pres5t usefulness1 :i* is small at ! be/1 b = ! sake ( 8 future developm5t1 y are m desir\s t he %\ld p]=m a s+le task 9 a day 9 ! "r _s1 ?an t he %\ld run a doz5 err&s 9 ! wrong _s4 7#g7 ,besides a regul> "t ea* day = ! p]=mance ( 8 set %>e 9 ! h\sehold "w1 give him w>n+ be=e ! arrival ( t h\r4 ,*ildr5 h v incomplete notions ( "t2 !y become mu* absorb$ 9 _! own play2 & !re=e no *ild "u n9e or t5 ye>s ( age %\ld be expect$ to d a giv5 ?+ at a giv5 "t )\t w>n+ t ! "t is at h&4 ,sid5ote3 ,busy ,"w ,besides ^! occupations :i* are truly "p ( ! bus9ess ( life come any numb] ( o!r occupations--a sort ( a cross betwe5 real play & /eady "w1 :at tea*]s call busy "w--& "h ! sugge/ions ( ! ,k9d]g>t5 may be ( practical value to ! "m4 ,= in/ance1 weav+1 already ref]r$ to1 may keep an active *ild int]e/$ & quiet = consid]able p]iods ( "t4 ,besides ! regul> weav+ mats ( pap]1 to be _h f any ,k9d]g>t5 supply /ore1 wide grasses & ru%es may be braid$ into mats1 raffia & rattan may be wov5 into baskets1 & /rips ( clo? wov5 into iron-hold]s4 ,a visit to any neighbor+ ,k9d]g>t5 w acqua9t ! "m ) a numb] ( useful1 simple objects t c be wov5 by a *ild4 ,:atev] he weaves or :atev] he makes %\ld be appli$ to "s useful purpose1 n m]ely ?r[n away2 & :ile x is true t a consci5ti\s desire to live up to ?is rule (t5 results 9 a consid]able clutt] ( flimsy & r undesirable objects ab\t ! h\se1 /ill1 ways may be devis$ = sl[ly retir+ ! olde/ ( !m f view1 & dispos+ ( o!rs among pati5t relatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,sew+ ,sew+ is ano!r occupation ran* us$ 9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 z well z 9 ! home4 ,beg9n+ ) ! simple /r++ ( l>ge wood5 beads ^u %oe-/r+s1 x passes on to sew+ on buttons1 & sew+ doll clo!s to ! mak+ ( real clo?+4 ,?is la/ 9 its simple/ =m c be begun soon] ?an mo/ p>5ts suppose1 especially if ! *ild is taught ! use ( ! sew+ ma*9e4 ,!re is really no reason :y a *ild1 say six ye>s old1 %\ld n le>n to sew ^u ! ma*9e4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ma*9]y is ke5 at ?is p]iod1 & two or ?ree lessons are usually suffici5t to tea* him en\gh ab\t ! me*anism to keep him f injur+ x4 ,once he has le>n$ to sew ^u ! ma*9e1 he may be giv5 %eets & t[els to hem1 & ev5 sew up ! seams ( l>g] & m complex articles4 ,he w soon be able to make aprons = himself & 8 si/]s & "m4 ,toy sew+ ma*9es are n[ sold :i* are really useful play?+s1 & on :i* ! *ild c manufacture a numb] ( small articles4 ,^? run by a treadle are pref]able to ^? run by a h& crank1 because !y leave ! *ild's h&s free to guide ! "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,draw+ ,cutt+ ,pa/+ ,draw+1 pa9t+1 cutt+ & pa/+ are excell5t occupations = *ildr54 ,a l>ge black-bo>d is a useful addition to ! nurs]y furni%+s1 b ! *ildr5 %\ld be requir$ to wa% x (f ) a damp clo?1 in/ead ( us+ ! eras] furni%$ = ! purpose1 z ! *alk du/ gets into ! room & fills ! *ildr5's lungs4 ,pl5ty ( s(t p5cils & crayons1 also l>ge %eets ( inexp5sive draw+ pap]1 %\ld be at h& ^u a l[ table s t !y c draw ! l>ge free outl9es :i* be/ develop _! skill1 :5ev] ! impulse moves !m4 ,if !y h also blunt scissors = cutt+ all sorts ( color$ pap]s & a bottle ( innocu\s libr>y pa/e1 !y w be able to amuse !mselves at almo/ any "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa9t+ ,"s wat] colors are n[ made :i* are h>mless = *ildr5 s "y t !y are likely to put ! pa9ts 9 _! m\?s4 ,pa9ts are on ! :ole less objectionable ?an color$ *alks1 because ! crayons drop ^u ! floor & get trodd5 into ! c>pet4 ,if *ildr5 are prop]ly clo!d z !y %\ld be 9 simple wa%able g>m5ts1 !re is practically no difficulty connect$ ) ! free use ( pa9ts1 & _! educational value is1 ( c\rse1 v high4 ,,te/ ,,que/ions ,! foll[+ que/ions con/itute ! writt5 recitation :i* ! regul> memb]s ( ! ,a4,s4,h4,e4 answ] 9 writ+ & s5d 9 = ! correction & comm5t ( ! in/ructor4 ,!y are int5d$ to emphasize & fix 9 ! memory ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! lesson4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,"p ,,ii ,read ,c>efully4 ,9 answ]+ ^! que/ions y are e>ne/ly reque/$ n to answ] accord+ to ! text-book :]e op9ions are ask$ =1 b to answ] accord+ to conviction4 ,9 all cases cr$it w be giv5 = ?\ght & orig9al obs]vation4 ,place y\r "n & full address at ! head ( ! pap]2 use y\r own words s t y\r in/ructor may be sure t y und]/& ! subject4 #a4 ,/ate ,fi*te's doctr9e ( rights & %[ h[ x applies to *ild tra9+4 ,if possible1 give an example f y\r own exp]i5ce4 #b4 ,:at is ! aim ( moral tra9+8 #c4 ,:at two say+s ( ,froebel mo/ *>act]i/ically sum up 8 philosophy8 #d4 ,:at is ! value ( play 9 education8 #e4 ,:at are ! natural play?+s8 ,tell :at1 9 y\r *ildhood1 y got out ( ^! ?+s1 or if y 7 kept away f !m1 :at ! prohibition meant to y4 #f4 ,:at d y ?9k ab\t *ildr5's danc+8 ,& act+8 #g4 ,d y agree ) ^? :o ?9k t ! ,k9d]g>t5 makes "r do+ too easy8 ,/ate ! reasons = y\r op9ion4 #h4 ,:at c y say ( comm&s1 repro(s1 & rules8 #i4 ,%\ld y let ! *ildr5 help y ab\t ! h\se1 ev5 :5 !y are s little z to be tr\blesome8 ,:y8 ,if !y are unwill+ to help1 h[ d y induce !m to help8 #aj4 ,:at w\ld y sugge/ z regul> duties = *ildr5 ( #d to #e ye>s8 ,( #g to #h ye>s8 #aa4 ,:i* d y consid] ! m important1 ! h\sework or ! *ild8 #ab4 ,:]e9 may ! "m le>n f ! *ild8 #ac4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 amus+ *ildr5 & play+ ) !m8 ,:at is ! prop] me?od8 #ad4 ,m5tion "s good rules 9 "* build+4 #ae4 ,f y\r own exp]i5ce z a *ild :at c y say ( tea*+ ! my/]ies ( sex8 #af4 ,are !re any que/ions y w\ld l to ask1 or subjects :i* y wi% to discuss 9 connection ) ?is lesson8 ,note4--,aft] complet+ ! te/ sign y\r full "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,by ,murillo1 ,spani% pa9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,"p ,,iii ,,art ,,& ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,*ild ,,life ,! influ5ce ( art ^u ! life ( a "y *ild is difficult ( measurem5t4 ,x may freely be said1 h[ev]1 t !re is little or no dang] 9 exagg]at+ its influ5ce1 & consid]able dang] 9 und]rat+ x4 ,x is difficult ( measurem5t because ! influ5ce is l>gely an unconsci\s "o4 ,inde$1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r t =m ( art :i* gives him ! mo/ consci\s & outspok5 pleasure is ! =m t 9 reality is ! mo/ b5eficial2 =1 unque/ionably1 he w get great satisfaction f circus po/]s1 & ! poorly pr9t$1 abom9ably illu/rat$ *eap picture-books af=d him und5iable joy4 ,he is f> less likely to be expressive ( 8 pleasure 9 a sun-%9y nurs]y1 ^: walls1 rugs1 :ite b$s1 & sun-%9y w9d[s are all well design$ & well adapt$ to 8 ne$s4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! end ! influ5ce ( ?is room is likely to be ! great] influ5ce & to p]man5tly %ape 8 ideas ( ! beautiful2 :ile he is entirely c]ta91 if all[$ to develop arti/ically at all1 to gr[ pa/ ! circus po/] p]iod4 ,?is fact--! fact t ! highe/ influ5ce ( art is a secret influ5ce1 ex]cis$ n only by ^? decorations & pictures :i* flaunt !mselves = ! purpose1 b also by ^? quiet1 necess>y1 e-day ?+s1 :i* nev]!less may mo/ truly express ! art _s--?is fact makes x difficult to tell :at art & :at k9d ( art is really influ5c+ ! *ild1 & :e!r x is influ5c+ him 9 ! "r directions4 ,sid5ote3 ,color ,until he is ?ree ye>s old1 = example1 & (t5 until he is pa/ t age1 he is unable to di/+ui% cle>ly betwe5 gre51 gray & blue2 & h5ce ^! cool colors 9 ! decorations ar\nd him1 or 9 8 pictures1 h practically no mean+ = him4 ,he has a "r1 "o might suppose1 to ! gratification ( 8 love = cle> r$s & yell[s1 = ! %>p1 well-def9$ l9es & flat surfaces1 ^: mean+ is pla9 to 8 grop+ little m9d4 ,"s ( ! be/ illu/rators ( *ildr5's books h seem$ to recognize ?is4 ,= example1 ,b\tet de ,monvil 9 8 admirable illu/rations ( ,joan ( ,arc meets ^! requirem5ts p]fectly1 & yet 9 a mann] :i* mu/ satisfy any adult lov] ( good art4 ,! ,caldecott picture books1 & ,walt] ,crane's are also good 9 ?is respect1 & ! ,p]k9s pictures issu$ by ! ,prang ,educational ,co4 h ga9$ a j recognition z excell5t pictures = hang+ on ! nurs]y wall4 ,_m ( ! illu/rations 9 color 9 ! /&>d magaz9es are well wor? cutt+ out1 m\nt+ & fram+4 ,?is is especially true ( ,h[>d ,pyle's "w & t ( ,elizabe? ,%ipp5 ,gre54 ,sid5ote3 ,classic ,art ,s9ce photogravures & photographs ( ! ma/]pieces c be _h 9 ?is c\ntry v inexp5sively1 !re is no reason :y *ildr5 %\ld n be made acqua9t$ at an e>ly age ) ! art classics1 b !re is dang] 9 giv+ too mu* space to black & :ite1 especially 9 ! nurs]y :]e ! *ildr5 live4 ,_! natural love ( color %\ld be appeal$ to d deep5 _! int]e/ 9 really good pictures4 ,illu/ration3 ,my ,m>y ,illu/ration3 ,bl[1 ,w9d ,bl[ ,,p]k9s' ,,pictures ,nev]!less1 x is a matt] ( consid]able difficulty /ill to f9d color$ pictures :i* are inexp5sive & yet really good4 ,! ,detaille pr9ts1 :ile n yet *eap1 are n exp5sive ei!r1 & are excell5t = ?is purpose2 b ! insipid little pictures ( fairies1 fl[]s1 & birds may be really h>mful1 z help+ to =m 9 ! "y *ild's m9d too l[ an ideal ( beauty--( cultivat+ 9 him :at someone has call$ ! lu/ ( ! eye4 ,sid5ote3 ,pla/ic ,art ,:at holds true ( ! pictorial art holds equally true ( ! pla/ic art4 ,z ,pr(4 ,vebl9 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago has sca?+ly decl>$1 our ideals ( ! beautiful are s m+l$ ) wor%ip ( exp5se t few ( u c see ! g5u9e beauty 9 any object ap>t f its exp5siv5ess4 ,= ?is reason z well z1 p]haps1 because ( a remnant ( b>b>ism 9 u1 we love gold & glitt]1 & a great deal ( elaboration 9 our vases1 & are f> f be+ ov]-critical ( any piece ( /atu>y :i* co/s a respectable sum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,relief ,,m$allion ,by ,&rea della ,robbia1 9 ,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 ,flor5ce4 ,a c]ta9 appreciation1 h[ev]1 ( ! real value ( a good pla/]-ca/ has be5 ga9+ among u ( late ye>s1 & _m public s*ools1 especially 9 ! l>ge cities1 h be5 e/abli%+ /&>ds ( good ta/e 9 ?is respect4 ,good ca/s & bas-relief1 decorate _! halls & class-rooms4 ,!re are few homes t _c af=d to foll[ _! example4 ,b 9 buy+ ^! ?+s be n misl$ by sales & adv]tis$ b>ga9s4 ,x is m ?an seldom t ! placques1 ca/s1 & vases ?us obta9$ are su* z c\ld h any valuable influ5ce :atev] ^u ! "y lives ) :i* !y are br\ght 9 contact4 ,m]etrici\s & %[y ornam5ts1 design$ to look z if !y co/ m ?an !y really d1 h no bus9ess 9 ! s9c]e home :]e ! *ildr5 are be+ s9c]ely educat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,music ,! same g5]al laws apply to music4 ,no art has a great] & m ins9uat+ influ5ce4 ,! v songs ) :i* ! "m s+s ! baby to sleep h an occult influ5ce :i* is lat] reveal$ & made pla94 ,su* songs1 !n1 %\ld be simple4 ,!y may be no?+ b improvisations1 ! "m's m9d & he>t mak+ music1 b !y %\ld n be melodramatic songs ( ! music-hall ord]4 ,no su* mawki% s5tim5talism z t %[n 9 ,! ,gypsy's ,w>n+1 = example1 or o!r songs :i* belong to ! *eap !at] %\ld h a place 9 ! holy ( holies--t inmo/ self ( ! *ild--:i* responds to music4 ,! simple folk-songs ( all nations1 ,eleanor ,smi?'s & mo/ ( ,mrs4 ,gaynor's songs1 already m5tion$1 & ! songs collect$ by ,re9ecke1 call$ ,fifty ,*ildr5's ,songs1 are excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,! old-fa%ion$ nons5se songs1 su* z ,billy ,boy1 ,m>y _h a ,little ,lamb & ,hey ,diddle ,diddle1 ! ,cat & ! ,fiddle1 may also h a pleasant & h>mless place ( _! own4 ,in/rum5tal music %\ld be on ! same g5]al ord]1 n l\d & %[y1 b cle>1 simple1 sweet1 & free f />tl+ effects4 ,da%+ pieces1 rag-"t pieces1 m>*es1 two-/eps1 & famili> tunes ) v>iations1 in/ead ( br++ ab\t a _s ( g5tl5ess & h>mony1 actually t5d to produce self-ass]tiv5ess & qu>relsom5ess4 ,let any "m :o does n believe ?is try ! ef=t ( an h\r ( ! "o k9d ( music on "o ev5+1 & an h\r ( ! o!r k9d on ano!r ev5+4 ,! diff]5ce w be imm$iately app>5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,drama ,! influ5ce ( ! drama mu/ n be =gott54 ,?is =m ( art1 fall5 s l[ among u s9ce ! "t ( ! ,puritans t x c sc>cely be call$ an art at all1 is1 nev]!less1 ! art :i* p]haps above all o!rs has an imm$iate & yet la/+ influ5ce4 ,*ildr5 are !mselves in/9ctively dramatic4 ,!y l to compose & act out all sorts ( dramas ( _! own1 f play+ h\se 7:i* is no?+ b a drama prolong$ f day to day71 to su* dramatic games z ,/atue-pos+ & ,dumb ,crambo4 ,all *ildr5 l to dress up1 to we> masks1 & to imitate ! peculi>ities ( p]sons ab\t !m2 to try on1 z x 71 ! _w z !y see x1 & discov] !reby h[ ! actors 9 x feel4 ,goe!'s ,wilhelm ,mei/] has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,9 ?is--8 great book on education--he practically bases all education ^u ! drama1 & ev5 ?r[s ! treatise itself into dramatic =m4 ,?is does n mean1 h[ev]1 t all *ildr5 %\ld be p]mitt$ to g to ! !at] z freely z !y l4 ,no2 ! plays :i* !y compose & act = !mselves h a f> high] value educationally ?an mo/ ( ! spectacul> pres5tations ( ! old fairy tales ) :i* !y are usually regal$1 & c]ta9ly m ?an ! s5sational melodramas :i* give !m false ideas ( art & morality4 ,!y %\ld g sometimes to ! !at] to see really good & simple plays1 b !y %\ld be (t5] enc\rag$ to get up = !mselves plays at home4 ,if1 z !y gr[ old]1 !y are help$ to ?9k out _! co/umes ) some?+ ( hi/orical accuracy1 to be true to ! _s & sc5]y ( ! times 9 :i* ! repres5tations are laid1 ! activity c be made to increase 9 value to !m z ! ye>s g by4 ,!re is no o!r art1 p]haps1 by :i* ! *ild s intimately l9ks ! _w _s ) 8 own _s4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! ,s*ool ( ,education 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago is equipp$ ) small !at]s 9 :i* ! *ildr5 act4 ,sid5ote3 ,lit]ature ,z = ! art ( lit]ature1 n all *ildr5 love read+1 p]haps1 b c]ta9ly all *ildr5 love to he> /ories told1 & ! skilful "m w direct ?is spontane\s affection into a love = read+4 ,no o!r s+le love1 except p]haps ! love ( nature1 s emancipates ! *ild f ! ?rall ( circum/ances4 ,if he c escape f ! small ills ( life into fairy-l& m]ely by op5+ ! cov]s ( a book1 be sure t ^! ills w n h p[] to cru% him1 unless !y be v great ills inde$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fairy ,tales ,!re are ^? :o /ill believe t fairy-tales & fiction ( all sorts are no?+ b lies4 ,poor s\ls1 ) _! faces aga9/ ! /one wall ( h>d facts1 !y c nev] look up into ! sky & see ! w+$ & beautiful ?\ghts freely disport+ !re4 ,!y make no di/9ction betwe5 tru? & fact1 yet tru? is ( ! _s & fact ( ! fle%2 & tru?1 because x is ( ! _s1 may appe> "u _m =ms1 ev5 "u ! =m ( play4 ,all rightly told & rightly conceiv$ fairy-tales are true j z a good picture is true4 ,! pa9t] uses oil1 turp5t9e1 & pigm5t to repres5t ! wool ( a %eep1 ! wat] ( a pond1 ! gre5 spe>s ( grass4 ,"s lit]al-m9d$ p]son might say t he 0 ly+ because he pret5t$ t 8 little squ>e ( canvas tru?fully repres5t$ graz+ %eep at ! brook-side1 b mo/ ( u recognize t he is really tell+ ! tru? only 9 ano!r ?an an e day =m4 ,9 ! same way ! writ] ( fairy-tales tells ! tru?1 us+ ! pigm5ts ( ! imag9ation4 ,if *ildr5 ask :e!r a giv5 /ory is true or n1 answ] )\t hesitation1 yes4 ,x is true1 b x is a fairy k9d ( tru?2 x is inside tru?4 ,!re is magic 9 x & a my/]y4 ,! *ild :o is nev] all[$ to read fairy tales1 ! man or ! woman :o pref]s ! newspap] to a good book ( fiction1 misses mu* 9 life4 ,x is n only t ! imag9ation--! div9e/ quality ( man1 because ! quality t makes man 9 8 degree a creator--does n receive culture1 & t he misses ! indescribable intellectual ec/asy t comes only ) ! sett+ free ( ! w+s ( ! m9d1 b t also he is inevitably %orn ( 8 sympa?y & %ut up to a n>r[ circle ( int]e/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,imag9ation & ,sympa?y ,= sympa?y1 above all moral qualities1 is dep5d5t ^u imag9ation4 ,if y _c imag9e h[ y w\ld feel "u y\r neighbor's conditions1 y _c deeply sympa?ize ) him4 ,! p]son ( unimag9ative m9d sympa?izes only ) ^? ^: exp]i5ce & habits are simil> to 8 own4 ,he nev] escapes f ! n>r[ circle ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,b ! man ^: imag9ation has be5 kept flexible & ready f e>lie/ *ildhood has )9 him ! p[] ( sympa?iz+ ) :atev] is human--yes6 ev5 ) creatures & ?+s bel[ ! human level4 ,)\t imag9ation1 !re=e1 x is n possible = a man to be a great sci5ti/1 = sci5ce dem&s sympa?y ) processes & objects :i* are n yet human4 ,x is n possible1 obvi\sly1 = him to be a great arti/ ( any k9d1 = all art is int]pretation ( ! _w by means ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is n possible = him1 ev51 to be a good man 9 any broad s5se1 = ! man ^: sympa?ies are n>r[ is (t5 f\nd to be guilty ( inju/ice t[>d ^? :o lie outside ! pale ( ^? sympa?ies4 ,by all means1 !n1 enc\rage ! love ( read+ 9 y\r *ildr51 & get !m ! be/ ( /ory-books to read1 & subscribe to ! be/ magaz9es4 ,read ) !m4 ,let "s read+ ent] into e day's life2 talk ov] :at has be5 read at ! d9n]-table1 & s avoid h>mful p]sonalities & disagreeable criticisms4 ,sid5ote3 ,books ,z to ! books to *oose1 *oose ! be/4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! be/ are ^? t h "s dignity ( age ^u !m4 ,z 9 music y *ose ! folksongs1 s 9 *ildr5's lit]ature also *oose ! old fa%ion$ fairy /ories1 su* z ^? collect$ by ! ,bro!rs ,grimm & by ,&rew ,lang4 ,hans ,*ri/ian ,&]s5's ,fairy ,/ories ( c\rse are classics4 ,haw?orne's ,tanglewood ,tales give excell5t sugge/ions z to ! "r use to be made ( ! old my?ologies4 ,_m ( ! supplem5t>y read]s n[ be+ s widely us$ 9 ! public s*ools are good1 simple v]sions ( ^! old /ories :i* help$ to make ! _w :at x %\ld be4 ,= ! re/ !re are two /&>d *ildr5's magaz9es :i* help to =m a good ta/e 9 lit]ature & :i* are cont9ually sugge/ive ( ! "r sort ( read+ mat]ial4 ,^! are ,! ,y\?'s ,companion & ,/4 ,ni*olas4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ,/udy ,f9ally1 all appreciation ( lit]ature & art dep5ds ^u a love ( & "s k ( nature4 ,fairy /ories & my?ology especially are s dep5d5t ^u nature = _! inn] mean+ & significance z sc>cely to be intelligible )\t "s k ( natural processes & laws4 ,( c\rse1 x is true t art 9 its turn idealizes nature & fills h] beautiful =m ) a beautiful s\l2 s t ! *ild :o is be+ develop$ on all sides ne$s to take 8 books & 8 pictures out ( doors 9 ord] to get ! full good ( !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,art & ,nature ,no am\nt ( music1 art1 & lit]ature c make up = ! free life 9 ! fields & "u ! sky :i* all ^! arts describe & int]pret4 ,if he %\ld be s unhappy z to h to *oose betwe5 nature & art1 x w\ld be bett] = him to *oose nature1 because !n1 p]haps1 art might be born 9 8 own s\l4 ,b !re is happily no ne$ = su* a pa9ful *oice4 ,he c s+ 8 little song out ( doors ) ! birds & notice h[ !y jo9 9 ! *orus4 ,he c pa9t ev5+ sunsets ) ! p9e-trees aga9/ x f> bett] out ( doors ?an indoors ) copy p]*$ be=e him4 ,he c look d[n ! aisles ( ! real woods to wat* = ! en*ant$ pr9cess1 or = ! *ivalr\s knight ^: /ory he is read+4 ,art & nature belong toge!r 9 ! unifi$ s\l ( ! *ild4 ,well = him & = ! _w 9 :i* he lives if !y are nev] divorc$1 b he goes on to ! end lov+ !m bo? & see+ !m bo? z "o4 ,,*ildr5',s ,,associates ,if ! *ild 0 int5d$ to gr[ into a man ( family1 m]ely1 family tra9+ might be suffici5t = him1 b s9ce he mu/ gr[ into a memb] ( society1 social tra9+ is z necess>y = him z family tra9+4 ,failure to recognize ?is tru? is at ! bottom ( ! curr5t misconceptions ( ! ,k9d]g>t54 ,!re are /ill ?\s&s ( p]sons :o suppose x is only a sup]ior sort ( day-nurs]y :]e *ildr5 may be safely kept & innoc5tly employ$ :ile ! "m gets ! h\sework done4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,k9d]g>t5 ,:ile ?is might be a laudable en\gh function to p]=m1 x is by no means ! function ( ! ,k9d]g>t54 ,?is me?od ( in/ruction aims at mu* m4 ,x aims to lay f\ndations = a complete lat] education1 & especially to make firm 9 ! *ild ^? virtues & aptitudes :i*1 :5 !y are held by ! majority ( m51 con/itute ! safety & welf>e ( society4 ,= ?is reason no home1 h[ev] well ord]$1 c supply to ! *ild :at ! ,k9d]g>t5 supplies4 ,= ! home is necess>ily limit$ to ! memb]s ( "o family1 :ile ! ,k9d]g>t51 on ! contr>y1 makes pla9 to ! *ild ! claims ^u him ( society n made up ( 8 k9sfolk4 ,x is ! wide _w 9 m9iature1 & if x is a prop]ly organiz$ ,k9d]g>t51 x w conta9 )9 itself a wide v>iety ( *ildr5--*ildr5 ( weal? & ( pov]ty1 ( ignorance & ( g5tle bre$+--& w br+ !m all "u "o j rule4 ,= only by ?is comm+l+ ( _m *>act]s ^u a common level & "u ! /rict reign ( ju/ice c ! *ild be fitt$ practically1 & by means ( a s]ies ( progressive exp]im5ts1 = citiz5%ip 9 a g5u9e democracy4 ,sid5ote3 ,exclusive ,associates ,p>5ts sometimes s f> miss ! aim ( ! ,k9d]g>t5 z to desire t in/ead ( su* a comm+l+ !re %all be a n>r[ limit set2 t 9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 %all be only su* *ildr5 z ! *ild is accu/om$ to associate )4 ,b if ! ,k9d]g>t5 acc$$ to ?is dem&1 z x seldom does1 x w\ld lose mu* ( its usefulness1 = e "o kn[s t *ildr5 _c be p]man5tly %elt]$ f contact ) ! outside _w1 nor c !y be always re>$ 9 an atmosph]e ( exclusiv5ess4 ,a wisdom great] ?an ! "m's has ord]$ t no *ild %all be s n>r[ly n\ri%$4 ,if he has any fre$om :atev]1 any naturalness ( life1 he mu/ & w enl>ge 8 circle ( acqua9tances beyond ! limit ( 8 "m's call+ li/4 ,inde$1 ev5 ^? ,k9d]g>t5s :i* are pr(ess$ly exclusive1 & :i* conf9e _! m9i/rations to ! *ildr5 ( "o p>ticul> neighborhood1 are oblig$ by ! nature ( ?+s to conta9 nasc5t individualities ( almo/ e type4 ,= no neighborhood1 h[ev] equal 9 weal? & fa%ion1 ev] produc$ *ildr5 ( an unv>y+ quality4 ,9 any circle1 no matt] h[ exclusive1 !re are mis*iev\s *ildr51 *ildr5 :o use bad language1 *ildr5 :o h sly1 mean tricks1 *ildr5 :o d n speak ! tru?1 & :o are 9 o!r ways q z undesirable z ! *ildr5 ( ! poor & ignorant4 ,x is (t5 ass]t$1 inde$1 t ! *ildr5 ( exclusive neighborhoods v (t5 %[ m v>ieties ( badness ?an ! *ildr5 ( ! op5 /reet4 ,! records ( ! private ,k9d]g>t5 z comp>$ ) ! public ,k9d]g>t5 amply prove ?is /atem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,evil ,example ,s9ce1 !n1 :e!r y conf9e y\r *ild to ! limits ( y\r own circle or n1 y _c successfully keep him f play+ ) *ildr5 :o are m or less objectionable1 :at are y go+ to d to keep him f ! h>m ( su* association8 ,y h to make him /rong en\gh to )/& temptation & resi/ ! =ce ( evil example4 ,( c\rse1 he mu/ h z little ( ! wrong example1 especially 9 8 y\ng] & t5d]] ye>s1 z c be manag$ )\t too greatly *eck+ 8 activity & curtail+ 8 fre$om4 ,yet aft] all he is to be taught a positive & n a negative righte\sness1 & if 8 home tra9+ is n suffici5t to enable him to /& aga9/ a c]ta9 d[nw>d pull f ! outside1 !re is some?+ ! matt] ) x4 ,:ile he mu/ n be /ra9$ too h>d1 nor too con/antly associate ) *ildr5 ^: mann]s put 8 mann]s to ! te/1 /ill he ought by degrees1 almo/ imp]ceptibly1 to be accu/om$ to hold+ to ! tru?1 to t :i* is f\nd good1 no matt] :e!r 8 associates f9d x desirable or n4 ,sid5ote3 ,social ,tra9+ ,a good ,k9d]g>t5 is a "m's be/ help 9 ?is endeavor1 = !re h] *ild meets ) all sorts ( o!r *ildr54 ,! v influ5ce ( ! place1 & ! ev]-ready help ( ! tea*] are on 8 side4 ,e ef=t he makes to d "r is met & welcom$4 ,9 e /& t he takes aga9/ temptation1 he is unobtrusively re9=c$4 ,moreov]1 ! wrong-do+ ( 8 comrades is nev] all[$ to reta9 ! attractive glitt] t x sometimes acquires on ! play-gr\nd4 ,x is promptly held up to g5]al obloquy1 & ! good *ild f9ds to 8 surprise t he is n ! only "o :o ?9ks t teas+1 = example1 is mean & selfi% & t a viol5t temp] is ugly4 ,sid5ote3 ,responsibility to ,society ,moreov]1 9 ! ,k9d]g>t5 ! s5se ( social responsibility is borne 9 ^u him4 ,p]haps x comes to him fir/ :5 he is *os5 to lead ! m>* & f9ds t he mu/ be c>eful n to squeeze ?r\gh too n>r[ places1 le/ someone get into tr\ble4 ,9 deal+ out p5cils1 wor/$1 & o!r mat]ials he mu/ be c>eful to %[ /rict imp>tiality1 & give no pref]5ce to 8 own p]sonal fri5ds4 ,9 a hundr$ small ways he is help$ to regulate 8 own conduct1 s t x may conduce to ! welf>e ( ! :ole s*ool4 ,:]e !re are no ,k9d]g>t5s1 ! task becomes a m difficult "o = ! "m1 = x becomes necess>y1 !n1 t %e h]self %\ld und]take ! social tra9+ ( h] *ild1 & ?is means t %e mu/ "k 8 playmates1 n only ?r\gh 8 report ( !m1 b ?r\gh h] own obs]vation ( !m1 & t !y mu/ be suffici5tly at home ) h] to betray _! true *>act]s 9 h] pres5ce4 ,& ?is means1 ( c\rse1 t %e mu/ become h] *ild's playmate4 ,!re are few wom5 :o ?9k t !y h "t = ?is1 b !re are also few :o w\ld n be b5efit$ by x4 ,if any:]e !re is a f\nta9 ( y\?1 x gu%es up invisibly :]ev] play+ *ildr5 are1 & %e :o plays ) !m gets spr9kl$ by x4 ,sid5ote3 ,%>+ ! ,*ild's ,play ,if !re be no "t dur+ ! busy day :5 %e c ju/ly ent] into ! *ildr5's free play1 at lea/ !re is a little :ile 9 ! late aft]noon or 9 ! e>ly ev5+ :5 %e c d s1 if %e w4 ,an h\r or two a week sp5t 9 active association ) *ildr5 at _! games w make h] intimately acqua9t$ ) all _! playmates1 &1 moreov]1 con/itute h] a p[] ( fir/ magnitude among !m4 ,h] mo!rhood ?us ext5ds itself1 & %e blesses n only h] own *ildr51 b all ^? :o come ne> h] *ildr54 ,9 ?is respect no ,k9d]g>t5 c take ! place ( ! "m's own companion%ip ) ! *ild 9 8 social life4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ildr5's ,h\r ,9 an ideal condition ! *ild has 8 ,k9d]g>t5 9 ! morn+2 8 quiet h\rs1 "o ( !m entirely solit>y1 9 ! aft]noon2 8 social "t1 :5 he1 8 bro!rs & si/]s & "m1 are jo9$ ) ! o!r *ildr5 & mo!rs 9 ! neighborhood1 9 ! late aft]noon1 & 8 family "t1 ) bo? fa!r & "m1 9 ! ev5+ be=e go+ to b$4 ,9 ?us %>+ h] *ild's social life ! "m admits ! claim ^u h] ( social responsibility2 %e sees t h] duty is n to h] own home alone1 b to ! o!r homes ) :i* h]s is l9k$--n to h] own *ild alone1 b to all *ildr5 ^: lives t\* h] *ild's life4 ,h] own nature wid5s ) ! p]ception1 & %e enhances h] direct tea*+ ) ! =ce ( a beautiful example4 ,,/udies ,,& ,,accompli%m5ts ,sid5ote3 ,ab/ract ,/udies ,!re may easily be too _m /udies & too _m accompli%m5ts 9 ! life ( any *ild4 ,z our s*ools are con/itut$ !re are c]ta9ly too _m /udies ( ! wrong k9d be+ c>ri$ on e day4 ,b !re are also too few /udies ( ! "r k9d4 ,9 "o ( our l>ge cities a te/ 0 once made z to h[ mu* ! *ildr5 :o left s*ool at ! fif? grade1 z #gj p] c5t ( !m d1 _h actually le>n$ 9 a way t w\ld be ( practical value to !m1 & ! results 7 mo/ disc\rag+4 ,^! city *ildr5 :o c\ld recite _! tables ( measurem5ts ) glibness1 & :o p]=m$ ) a fair degree ( success sev]al hundr$ examples deal+ ) units ( measure1 c\ld n tell :e!r _! s*ool-room floor conta9$ "o acre or two hundr$ & =ty6 ,none ( !m suspect$ t x conta9$ less ?an an acre4 ,al?\gh !y c\ld b\nd ! ,/ates ( ! ,union1 & give ! pr9cipal exports & imports1 !y knew next to no?+ ( _! own city & ( its actual relation to ! c\ntries :i* !y /udi$ 9 _! geography lessons4 ,! tea*]s1 9 explanation1 laid mu* ( ! blame = ?is /ate ( affairs ^u ! p>5ts1 say+ t !y took b little int]e/ 9 _! *ildr5's /udies1 & nev] attempt$ to l9k !m to ! ?+s ( e-day life4 ,b :ile ?is claim might be ju/ifi$ to "s ext5t1 x 0 by no means suffici5t to cov] ! facts ( ! case4 ,! tru? is1 x 0 q z mu* ! tea*]s' duty to l9k ^! ab/ract /udies ) concrete facts1 z x 0 ! p>5ts'4 ,sid5ote3 ,dead ,k ,su* an exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 sugge/s ! mann] 9 :i* p>5ts c be/ help on ! "w ( *ildr5 9 s*ool4 ,s long z ^! /udies are /ill taught 9 ! dead1 monoton\s way common to text-books1 *ildr5 w be rack$ n]v\sly1 & n b5efit$ m5tally 9 ! ef=t to ma/] !m4 ,fa!rs & mo!rs :o by ! ex]cise ( "s +5uity manage to %[ ! *ild t 8 ari?metical k is ( actual help 9 solv+ ! que/ions ( e-day life2 t 8 hi/ory has be>+s ^u ! progress ( ev5ts ar\nd him1 & t 8 geography relates to actual places :i*1 p]haps1 fa!r & "m may h se51 or :i* _! books tell ab\t--su* fa!rs & mo!rs w make _! *ildr5's s*ool "w easi]1 at ! same "t t !y increase ! sum ( _! *ildr5's k4 ,x is dead k only--k wr5*$ f its liv+ cont5t--t is difficult ( dige/ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,education ,x is natural = a "y m9d to l to le>n1 z x is = a heal?y /oma* to be suppli$ ) food2 b k1 l ! food1 mu/ be fit = ! use t is to be made ( x & = ! organ t is to receive x2 & ! bra91 l ! /oma*1 has a signal :i* x flies to %[ :e!r ! food is :at x wants or n4 ,! bra9 exhibits int]e/ exactly z ! /oma* exhibits appetite4 ,! object ( sci5tific education is to discov] :at ! spontane\s1 univ]sal int]e/ ( *ildr5 ( c]ta9 ages is1 & to meet t int]e/ ) ! fulle/ possible supply ( k 9 e conceivable =m4 ,sci5tific education does n dep5d ^u text-books or ^u m]ely v]bal explanations1 b gets ! idea home to ! *ild by ! means ( a v>i$ appeal to all ! s5ses & s5sibilities4 ,= ?is reason ! mo/ advanc$ s*ools h _m m /udies & :at are commonly call$ accompli%m5ts ?an ! public or p>o*ial s*ools4 ,t is1 !y add to ! ?ree r's--read+1 'rit+ & 'ri?metic--draw+1 model+1 pa9t+1 manual tra9+1 physical culture1 dramatic repres5tation1 music1 field trips1 & laboratory "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,correlation ( ,/udies ,yet ?is app>5tly great increase ( subjects 9 ! numb] ( /udies actually less5s ! am\nt ( "w requir$ ( ! *ild1 because all ^! diff]5t activities1 by means ( :at is call$ correlation1 are br\ght to be> ^u ! same subject4 ,= example1 ! class :i* goes out = a field trip to visit a ne>-by brook sees ! wat] actually at "w1 cutt+ its way to ! riv]1 & !nce to ! sea4 ,!y measure its =ce & note its effects2 !y make a wat]-color sket* ( "s curve ( x2 !y notice :at birds & insects are ab\t2 :at fl[]s gr[ !re2 :at indications !re may be ( burr[+ animals4 ,:5 !y get back to s*ool !y model1 p]haps1 "s bird t !y h notic$2 or 9 ! geographical laboratory1 ) /reams ( wat] try to reproduce 9 m9iature ! action ( ! brook ^u ! soil ?r\gh :i* x fl[s4 ,= _! ari?metic lesson !y e/imate ! numb] ( ye>s ! brook mu/ h be5 fl[+ to h cut its valley to its pres5t dep?4 ,!y make a full report & description ( _! day's "w = _! read+ & writ+ lesson4 ,!y h ?us ga9$ an imm5se am\nt ( in=mation1 & h done a great deal ( h>d "w2 b in/ead ( be+ n]v\sly exhau/$1 !y are bright & exhil>at$4 ,su* fatigue z !y "k is :olesome & fits !m = a s\nd night's sleep4 ,sid5ote3 ,home ,exp$i5ts ,:5 x is impossible to s5d ! *ild to su* a s*ool z ?is1 some?+ may be done by supplem5t+ ! ord9>y s*ool by "s ( ^! proc$ures4 ,! clay j>1 ! crayons1 & ! pa9ts h already be5 sugge/$1 & ) ! p>5ts' int]e/ 9 ! *ild's /udies1 help+ him to model & pa9t ?+s :i* he /udies at s*ool1 he w in/antly %[ ! good effect ( ! home tra9+ & enc\ragem5t4 ,z = field trips1 ! regul> ,sunday walk1 or ev5+ /roll1 may be made to take its place4 ,if y ?9k t y d n "k en\gh to tea* y\r *ild on ^! walks1 give him !n ! privilege ( tea*+ y4 ,he w "w ! h>d] 9 ord] to rise to ! occasion4 ,sid5ote3 ,physical ,culture ,z = physical culture1 if y\r s*ool is )\t x1 y\r b>n1 y\r p>lor1 & y\r lawn may supply x 9 "s sort4 ,9 ! b>n may be a trapeze2 !re is already ! ladd] & ! hay-l(t2 on ! lawn may be a sw+1 trees to climb1 & ! t5nis c\rt4 ,9 y\r p>lor may be a little home danc+ s*ool1 :]e = a half an h\r or s1 ! *ildr5 m>*1 skip1 or two-/ep to music ( y\r mak+4 ,9 ! wood %$ may be a c>p5t]'s b5* ) real tools1 :]e he may "w & get "s ( ! good ( manual tra9+4 ,sid5ote3 ,%[y ,accompli%m5ts ,accompli%m5ts1 mean+ !reby %[y ?+s t *ildr5 d = ! edification ( gue/s1 are ( d\btful value4 ,x is pleasant1 ( c\rse1 to h y\r little girl play a piece or two on ! piano to ent]ta9 y\r visitors1 b x is n ne>ly s important z heal? & /r5g?1 & a *e]ful temp]4 ,sometimes all ?ree ( ^! are sacrific$ to ! two or ?ree h\rs' practice a day4 ,(t51 too1 ?is extra "w aft] s*ool h\rs--"w full z monoton\s & n]v\s & un9t]e/+ z ! s*ool "w itself--is j :at is ne$$ to trans=m a heal?y "y girl into a n]v\s invalid4 ,?is is especially true1 if %e und]takes1 z %e usually does1 to /udy music :5 %e is ab\t ?irte5 ye>s old--! v "t :51 if wise physicians c\ld regulate affairs to _! lik+1 %e w\ld be tak5 out ( s*ool altoge!r & requir$ to d no?+ m ?an a little light h\sework e day4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural ,tal5t ,( c\rse1 if %e is naturally musical "s k9d ( help & sympa?y mu/ be giv5 h] 9 h] attempt to ma/] ! piano or viol9 or to manage h] own voice4 ,b :ile %e %\ld be all[$ to le>n z mu* z h] unurg$ en]gies p]mit h] to le>n1 %e %\ld n be requir$ to practice m ?an a v small am\nt1 say half an h\r a day4 ,! bulk ( h] musical education %\ld be acquir$ 9 ! vacation "t1 :5 %e c give two h\rs a day )\t ov]/ra9+4 ,! same g5]al rules hold good ( danc+1 pa9t+1 ! acquirem5ts ( =eign languages1 a special c\rse ( read+1 or any o!r "w und]tak5 9 addition to ! regul> s*ool "w4 ,?is latt]1 z x is n[ con/itut$1 is q z sev]e a n]v\s & intellectual /ra9 z mo/ "y p c und]go ) safety4 ,sid5ote3 ,en?usiasms ,!re is "o *>act]i/ic 9 "y p :i* ne$s to be not$ 9 ?is connection3--! desire to take up "s =m ( "w1 to /rive ) x furi\sly = a brief :ile1 to drop x unf9i%$2 take up ano!r ) equal eag]ness1 drop t 9 turn & g on to a ?ird4 ,?is p]=mance is peculi>ly irritat+ to all sy/ematic & ambiti\s p>5ts4 ,sometimes !y rigidly insi/ t ea* task %all be f9i%$ be=e a new "o is assum$4 ,b 9 reality1 is ?is necess>y8 ,x seems to be z natural = a "y m9d to set eag]ly to "w = a %ort "t at ea* new bit ( k1 z x is = a nurs+ *ild to require refre%m5ts e two or ?ree h\rs4 ,x is an adult trait to /ick to a task1 ev5 ?\gh a v long "o1 until x is accompli%$4 ,! y\?ful trait is to take k9dly to a clutt] ( unf9i%$ tasks4 ,! y\?ful consci\sness is ( a _w full ( jo/l+ int]e/s4 ,:y n let ! *ildr5 alone1 & all[ !m to spr+ lightly f "o en?usiasm to ano!r8 ,( c\rse y w help !m to f9i%1 ei!r at ! fir/ sitt+ or at ! second or at ! ?ird1 ! task t 0 und]tak5 :5 t p>ticul> en?usiasm 0 at its height4 ,! draw+ :i* has rema9$ on ! easel dur+ ! foot-ball season may be sugge/ively br\ght to notice aga9 9 ! quiet times betwe5 ,?anksgiv+ & ,*ri/mas4 ,! boat begun la/ summ] may well be f9i%$ 9 ! days ( ! succe$+ ,spr+ :5 all ! e>? is full ( ! s\nd ( runn+ wat]4 ,?us ea* task1 ?\gh n complet$ at once1 gets done 9 ! end2 & ! y\?ful capacity = _m sympa?ies & _m desires has n be5 n>r[$4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>5tal ,vanity ,su* a l9e ( conduct presupposes1 ( c\rse1 t ! p>5t consid]s only ! *ild's be/ welf>e1 & n 8 own p>5tal vanity4 ,he is n desir\s t 8 son %all d any?+ s well z to attract ! att5tion & admiration ( ! neighbors4 ,he is desir\s m]ely t ! boy %all gr[ up :olesomely & happily1 %[+ su* sup]iority z !re may be 9 him :5 ! fitt+ "t & opportunity pres5t !mselves4 ,he w n attempt to make a musician ( an unmusical *ild1 nor a me*anic ( an arti/ic *ild4 ,he w n object to ! brilliant & impractical dreams ( ! "y inv5tor1 b w help to make !m practicable2 & ?\gh he may squirm at "s ( ! inve/igations ( ! budd+ sci5ti/1 he w n =bid !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,developm5t ( ,intellect ,= su* a p>5t recognizes t ! important ?+1 educationally1 is to secure ! reaction ( expression ^u ?\ght & feel+4 ,t is1 he is n try+ to secure at ?is "t--at any "t dur+ y\?--p]fect expression ( any ?\ght or feel+1 b only to deep5 feel+ & cl>ify ?\ght by enc\rag+ all attempts at expression4 ,he does n wi% 8 *ild to make a f9i%$ picture or a p]fect /atue1 b to acquire a great] s5sitiv5ess to color & =m by ea* attempt to express t color & =m :i* he already kn[s4 ,?us :atev] /udies & accompli%m5ts 8 *ild may be 9 ! act ( acquir+ are se5 to be no?+ z acquisitions1 b ! *ild himself is se5 to be gr[+ /age by /age )9 ! clumsy scaffold+4 ,,f9ancial ,,tra9+ ,! f9ancial tra9+ ( *ildr5 ought really to be consid]$ "u ! head ( moral tra9+1 b 9 "s respects x c come equally well "u ! head ( intellectual tra9+2 = to sp5d money well requires bo? self-control & intellig5ce4 ,"s p]sons seem to ?9k t all t a *ild c be taught 9 ?is reg>d is to save money1 & !y meet ! situation by pur*as+ v>i\s %apes & /yles ( sav+s banks4 ,b x is entirely possible to tea* ! *ild too ?or\ghly 9 ?is respect & to make him s fond ( 8 j+l+ p5nies safe )9 a yell[ crock]y pig or iron cupola$ mansion t be w n sp5d !m = any object1 h[ev] laudable4 ,o!rs evade ! issue z long z possible by giv+ ! *ild no money at all2 :ile mo/ ( u pursue an unc]ta9 & wabbly c\rse1 sometimes giv+ money1 sometimes )hold+ x1 sometimes exhort+ ! *ild to sp5d1 & sometimes to save4 ,sid5ote3 ,regul> ,all[ance ,9 tru? sp5d+ wisely is a difficult problem4 ,z a rule ! *ild may safely be induc$ to lay by = a season & !n enc\rag$ to sp5d = "s g5]\s purpose4 ,*ri/mas & o!r fe/ivals (f] excell5t opportunities = prop] disbursem5t ( ! ho>d$ funds4 ,^! may be suppos$ to h accumulat$ f irregul> gifts2 b z ! *ild gr[s old] he %\ld come into receipt ( a regul> def9ite all[ance1 p]haps condition$ ^u 8 p]=mance ( "s /at$ duty4 ,a c]ta9 "p ( 8 all[ance he may he p]mitt$ to sp5d ^u su* frivolities z are naturally de> to 8 "y he>t2 ano!r "p ( x he %\ld be enc\rag$--n comm&$--to put aside = l>g] purposes4 ,! giv+ ( ?is all[ance mu/ n be confus$ ) ! p]nici\s habit ( brib+ ! *ild to ! p]=mance ( ^? little daily c\rtesies & duties :i* he ought to be will+ to p]=m out ( love & a s5se ( "r4 ,a c]ta9 "p ( 8 daily "w1 su* z see+ t ! mat*-boxes all ov] ! h\se are fill$1 or "s simil> %>e ( ! g5]al labor ( ! h\sehold1 may be reg>d$ z t = :i* he is paid wages2 & any extra task :i* does n ju/ly belong to him1 he may sometimes be paid = p]=m+2 b n always4 ,= in/ance1 he ought to be will+ to run to ! groc]y = "m )\t dem&+ t he be paid a p5ny = ! job2 yet sometimes ! p5ny may be =?com+4 ,! po9t is t he %\ld be ready to "w1 ev5 to "w h>d1 )\t pay1 & yet t he %\ld nev] feel t 8 "m )holds pay f him :5 %e c give x & he receive x )\t injury4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp5d+ ,fooli%ly ,:5 ! money is once 81 he %\ld be all[$ to feel ! full happ9ess & responsibility ( possession1 & if he insi/s ^u sp5d+ x fooli%ly1 %\ld be all[$ to d x & to suff] to ! full ! uncom=table consequ5ces4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he w n sp5d x at all1 8 "m mu/ use e means 9 h] p[] to less5 ! desire = own]%ip & to increase 8 love = o!rs & 8 eag]ness to please !m4 ,z judgm5t develops ! all[ance may well be increas$ to provide = necessities 9 ! way ( incid5tals & clo?+ until at ! age ( discretion he is 9 full *>ge ( ! funds = 8 p]sonal exp5ses4 ,he %\ld be enc\rag$ to apply 8 k ( comm]cial ari?metic 9 ! keep+ ( p]sonal acc\nts4 ,exp]i5ce 9 sp5d+ a fix$ am\nt ( money is especially ne$ful = ! daught]s4 ,mo/ "y m5 h ! value ( money & f9ancial responsibility =c$ ^u !m 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 b too (t5 ! "y wife has n _h ! tra9+ qualify+ h] = ! equal f9ancial p>tn]%ip :i* %\ld exi/ 9 ! ideal m>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,infant ,,galahad--,,fir/ ,,sight ,,( ,,! ,,grail ,f ! mural pa9t+s by ,edw9 ,a4 ,abbey 9 ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y ,,religi\s ,,tra9+ ,sid5ote3 ,sunday ,s*ool ,tea*]s ,if ! common s*ool is n suffici5t = ! secul> education ( ! *ild1 c]ta9ly ! ,sunday ,s*ool is n suffici5t = 8 religi\s education4 ,9 ! common s*ools ! tea*]s are m or less tra9$ = _! "w4 ,x is a life occupation ) !m2 by means ( x !y e>n _! liv+1 & _! daily success ) _! pupils m>ks _! rate ( progress t[>d high] fields ( endeavor4 ,no?+ ( ?is sort is true 9 ! ,sunday ,s*ool4 ,:ile occasionally x happ5s t a day s*ool tea*] becomes a ,sunday ,s*ool tea*]1 ?is is seldom true1 = mo/ tea*]s :o tea* dur+ ! week feel t !y ne$ ! ,sunday = re/2 & :ile "s ,sunday ,s*ool tea*]s betray a comm5dable e>ne/ness & zeal = _! "w1 & associations & conv5tions h latt]ly add$ some:at to ! jo9t ef=t to bett] ! conditions1 /ill x rema9s true t ! tea*+ 9 ! ,sunday ,s*ools is f> bel[ ! p$agogic level ( ! common s*ools4 ,yet ! subject :i* is dealt ) 9 ! ,sunday ,s*ools1 in/ead ( be+ ( less importance ?an t dealt ) 9 ! common s*ools1 is ( pre-em95tly great] importance4 ,because ( its subtlety1 its intimacy ) ! hidd5 spr+s ( conduct1 x calls = ! ex]cise ( ! v highe/ tea*+ skill4 ,"s sort ( recognition ( ^! two facts--t ,sunday ,s*ool tea*]s are 9 mo/ cases v inadequately tra9$ = _! "w1 & t ! "w itself is ( great importance1 & ( equally great difficulty--has l$ to ! issu+ ( _m qu>t]lies1 ,int]national ,lesson ,leaflets1 & o!r ,sunday ,s*ool aids4 ,necess>y z su* help may be "u pres5t conditions1 !y _c possibly meet ! _m difficulties ( ! case4 ,if ! c5tral committees1 :o issue ^! leaflets1 7 compos$ :olly ( ! wise/ m5 & wom5 on e>?1 x w\ld /ill be impossible = !m to give lessons to ! millions ( *ildr5 9 _! v>i\s d5om9ations :i* %\ld meet ! p]sonal ne$s1 & daily int]e/s ( ^! "y p4 ,sid5ote3 ,sunday ,s*ool ,tra9+ ,z a consequ5ce1 ,sunday ,s*ool tea*+ is & mu/ be l>gely !oretical & /ill m l>gely exegetical1 & ) nei!r !ory nor exegesis is ! "y m9d ( ! develop+ *ild v mu* conc]n$4 ,:at he ne$s is n ! hi/orical side ( religion or ( t great body ( religi\s lit]ature :i* we call ! ,bible1 b a liv+ fai? :i* l9ks all t 0 taught by ! prophets & apo/les1 c5turies ago1 ) :at is happ5+ 9 ! *ild's own t[n & family at t v mom5t4 ,x is a wide gap to bridge1 & x _c be bridg$ by a semi-hi/orical review back$ by picture c>ds1 gold5 texts1 & />s = good behavior4 ,^! ?+s are m]ely ! m>ks ( an endeavor to fitly accompli% a great task1 an endeavor almo/ absurdly out ( proportion to ?is aim1 r5d]$ significant1 h[ev]1 because x is ! e>ne/ ( a great fai? & a great hope4 ,s f> z ,sunday ,s*ools help *ildr51 x is because ( ?is _s ( fai?fulness1 & n because ( ! =m :i* x has assum$4 ,9 *oos+1 !n1 :e!r y %all s5d y\r *ild to a ,sunday ,s*ool1 *oose by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ?is _s4 ,if y "k ! tea*]s ( ! ,sunday ,s*ool to be e>ne/1 lov+1 & devot$1 y may ) safety assume t _! p]sonal influ5ce w make up = :at is ar*aic 9 _! me?od ( tea*+4 ,:]e ! _s is pres5t only 9 a few1 or :]e x manife/s itself only occasionally1 z at seasons ( revival1 y may well hesitate to let y\r *ild att5d4 ,a great improvem5t w\ld come ab\t if p>5ts w\ld %[ a great] int]e/ & enc\rage prop] tea*]s to take *>ge ( classes4 ,x is a ?ankless task at pres5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory ,n ,practice ,!re is "o great dang] 9 ! tea*+ ( any ,sunday ,s*ool--"o :i* ! be/ ( !m _c :olly escape--& t is1 t1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 !y tea* !ory & n practice4 ,h>mful z ?is may be1 inde$ z x surely is 9 adult life1 x does n beg9 to be s h>mful z x does 9 y\?1 = ! "y *ild1 z we h se51 is & %\ld rema9 a unit 9 consci\sness4 ,8 life1 8 intellect1 & 8 w are "o--an undivid$ tr9ity4 ,! divorce ( ^! ?ree is at any "t a regrettable occurr5ce2 ! divorce ( !m 9 e>ly life is an almo/ irrep>able disa/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,useless ,tru?s ,! curr5t !ory is t *ildr5 w le>n _m tru?s 9 ! ,sunday ,s*ool :i* !y w n put into practice !n1 p]haps1 b :i* !y w f9d useful 9 lat] life4 ,?is fallacy und]lies1 ( c\rse1 almo/ all conv5tional education & has only be5 ov]?r[n by ! dictum ( mod]n psy*ology1 t !re is b small /orage accommodation 9 ! bra9 = facts :i* h no imm$iate relation to life4 ,:at may be t]m$ ! saturat+ p[] ( ! bra9 is limit$1 & aft] x has soak$ up a r small numb] ( tru?s1 x c conta9 no m until x has 9 "s way dispos$ ( ^? t x /ill has--ei!r by mak+ !m "p ( its own liv+ /ructure1 :i* is done only by mak+ imm$iate application ( !m2 or by dropp+ !m bel[ ! ?re%old ( consci\sness1 t is1 9 common language1 =gett+ !m4 ,moreov]1 ! bra9 may =m ! habit ( easily dropp+ all t relates to a giv5 subject into ! limbo :]e unus$ ?+s lie disreg>d$1 & :5 ?is becomes ! habitual me?od ( dispos+ ( religi\s in/ruction1 ! results are p>ticul>ly deplorable4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,"m z ,tea*] ,feeble z h] own k may be1 a "m has c]ta9 advantages z a tea*] ( h] *ildr5 ov] any b ! exceptional ,sunday s*ool tea*]4 ,=1 fir/1 %e kn[s ! *ildr51 &1 kn[+ !m1 kn[s _! ne$s4 ,secondly1 %e kn[s _! daily lives & cont9ually dur+ ! week c po9t out :]e9 !y fail to live up to _! ,sunday's lesson4 ,& aga9 & mo/ important1 %e loves !m t5d]ly1 & f love fl[s wisdom4 ,usually ! "m gives h] own *ildr5 a love f> beyond t giv5 by anyone else1 & ?is deep] love %>p5s h] intellectual faculties & makes h] bo? a ke5 obs]v] & a good tactician4 ,giv+ h] *ildr5 "s simple lesson on ,sunday aft]noon1 %e f9ds a hundr$ opportunities to make ! lesson liv+ & vital to !m dur+ ! succe$+ week4 ,sid5ote3 ,religi\s ,en?usiasm ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! *ild's life1 ! "m is usually ! "o to decide :e!r he %all att5d ,sunday ,s*ool or n1 b z he approa*es adolesc5ce he is likely to take ! matt] 9 8 own h&s1 & if x happ5s t "s revivali/ or a new /irr+ prea*] comes 9 contact ) 8 life at ?is "t1 he is v likely to be swept (f 8 feet ) a sudd5 zeal ( religi\s en?usiasm1 :i* 8 "m fe>s to *eck4 ,! reports ( memb]%ips1 baptisms1 etc41 %[ t a l>ge numb] become conv]t$ & jo9 ! *ur* dur+ adolesc5ce4 ,:ile ?is does n 9 ! lea/ argue t ! conclusions t !y rea* at t "t are !re=e uns\nd--= adolesc5ce is n a disease1 nor a =m ( insanity1 b a normal1 if excitable1 condition--/ill x does prove1 :5 c\pl$ ) ! fur!r fact t 9 adult life ^! "y conv]ts (t5 relapse into _! previ\s condition1 t a m la/+ basis = religion mu/ be f\nd ?an ! emotional int5sity ( ?is p]iod ( life4 ,a religion to be la/+ mu/ be coldly reaffirm$ by ! intellect3 ! dictum ( ! he>t alone is n suffici5t4 ,religi\s en?usiasm1 l all o!r =ms ( en?usiasm1 t5ds ( itself to br+ ab\t ! opposite condition1 & to be succe$$ by fits ( despond5cy & bitt]ness z int5se & sev]e z ! en?usiasm itself 0 brilliant & ec/atic4 ,! hi/ory ( all great religi\s lead]s amply proves ?is4 ,!y _h _! bitt] h\rs ( wre/l+ ) ! p[]s ( d>kness1 h\rs :i* almo/ c\nt]-balanc$ ! h\rs ( uplift4 ,only cle>ly ?\ght-out intellectual convictions re9=c$ by ! habit ( daily righte\s liv+ c secure ! s\l aga9/ su* emotional ab]rations4 ,sid5ote3 ,dang] ( ,reaction ,!re=e1 al?\gh ! religi\s excitability ( adolesc5ce mu/ n be ?w>t$ le/ x be turn$ into less helpful *annels1 & le/ religion lose all ! beauty & compell+ p[] l5t to x by ! gl[ ( y\?ful feel+s1 yet x mu/ be s balanc$ & ord]$ by a cle> reason1 & especially by ! habit ( putt+ ea* en?usiasm to ! te/ ( conduct1 t ! "y m9d may rema9 true to its law ( gr[?1 develop+ h>moni\sly on all ?ree sides at once4 ,! dang] ( p]mitt+ a "y boy or girl :ile "u ! influ5ce ( ?is emotional in/ability to ent] into any special =m ( religi\s s]vice is ! dang] ( reaction4 ,he w discov] t all is n z 8 e>ly vision l$ him to suppose--because t e>ly vision 0 ( ?+s too high & holy = any e>?ly realization--& he may turn aga9/ :at seems to him to be hypocrisy & pret5se ) a bitt]ness proportion$ to 8 =m] love4 ,_m hone/1 fai?ful m5 & wom5 rema9 9 ?is /ate ( reaction = ! re/ ( _! lives4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,difficult ,p]iod ,nev]!less1 x w n d to ?w>t ^! "y beg9n+s4 ,!y mu/ nei!r be nipp$ 9 ! bud nor =c$ to a premature rip5+4 ,above all !y mu/ n be suff]$ to endure ! kill+ fro/ ( ridicule4 ,! p]iod is a difficult "o1 b1 z ,dr4 ,/anley ,hall po9ts out1 x is supremely ! "m's opportunity4 ,if %e c hold h] boy's or h] girl's confid5ce n[1 c ease _! eag] "y he>ts ) an intellig5t sympa?y1 %e c probably keep !m f any public commitm5t4 ,p]haps !y may desire to confide 9 ! m9i/]2 if s1 let ! "m confide 9 him fir/4 ,p]haps !y h bosom fri5ds1 pass+ ?r\gh ! same /irr+ exp]i5ce2 !n let ! "m w9 ov] ^! fri5ds4 ,h] object %\ld be to %elt] ?is beautiful s5tim5t2 to keep x safe f exposure2 above all1 to utilize x z a motive-p[]--z an inc5tive to noble action4 ,! ,k9d]g>t5 rule is a good "o3 z quick z a love spr+s 9 a *ild's brea/1 give x some?+ to d4 ,:5 ! love ( ,god awakes !re1 give x mu* to d4 ,usually1 ! only way op5 is to jo9 ! *ur*1 to make a public pr(ession4 ,! wise "m w see to x t !re are o!r ways1 urg+ ! "y knight to s]ve 8 ,k+ by go+ =? into ! _w imm$iately ab\t him & fight+ aga9/ all =ms ( evil1 giv+ him a practical1 def9ite que/4 ,! result ( su* re/riction ( public spee*1 & /imulation ( private de$1 w be a s9c]e1 l[ly-m9d$ religion1 s inwov5 ) ! true/ activities z to be insep>able f !m4 ,su* a religion kn[s no reaction4 ,sid5ote3 ,bible ,/udy ,n[ is supremely ! "t = a /udy ( ! ,bible4 ,int]e/+ z a ,div9e ,/ory ,book to ! "y *ildr51 x becomes ! ,book ( ,life to ^! old] ones4 ,9 tea*+ x at home1 a few simple rules ne$ to be borne 9 m9d4 ,! fir/ is t ! ,bible mu/ be ?\ght ( n z a s]ies ( disconnect$ texts & ?\ghts1 b z a connect$ :ole4 ,! division ( ,k+ ,james' ,bible into v]ses & *apt]s is b poorly adapt$ to ?is purpose4 ,! illogical1 /range "* ( ! p>agraph+1 z measur$ by ! /&>ds ( mod]n ,engli%1 is app>5t at a glance1 = (t5 a v]se w end 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 & ! s5t5ce be conclud$ 9 ! next v]se4 ,! *apt]s 9 ! same way (t5 fail to f9i% ! subject ) :i* !y deal1 & sometimes include sev]al subjects4 ,!re=e1 ! "m :o und]takes to read ! ,bible to h] *ildr5 ne$s fir/ to g ?r\gh ! lesson h]self1 & to decide :at subject1 n :at *apt]1 %e w take up t day4 ,!re is a read]'s edition ( ! ,bible1 & "o call$ ! ,*ildr5's ,bible1 bo? ( :i* aim to leave out all repetition & ref]5ces & to arrange ! ,bible n>rative 9 a simple1 consecutive ord]1 nev]!less employ+ ! beautiful ,bible language4 ,^! editions might prove ( consid]able help to mo!rs :o feel unequal to do+ ! "w by !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ildr5's ,bible ,second1 comp>able to ?is 9 importance is ! read+ ( ! ,bible & talk+ ab\t x 9 a p]fectly ord9>y tone ( voice2 = :at y want is to make ! ,bible tea*+s live 9 to-day4 ,y mu/ n1 !re=e1 sugge/ by y\r tone or mann] t !y belong to ano!r day1 & t !y are1 9 "s s5se1 to be %ut out f common life & spee*4 ,?is does n mean su* common use ( ,biblical phrases 9 e day conv]sation z to cause x to gr[ into t =m or irrev]5ce kn[n z cant1 b x does mean simple usage ( ,bible ?\ght1 & ! ef=t to fit x to ! conditions ( daily life4 ,su* a habit 9 itself w =ce any family to discrim9ate z to :at ?+s 9 ! ,bible are liv+ & et]nal1 & :at ?+s belong rightly to t f> away "t & place ( :i* ! ,bible n>rative treats1 ?us practic+ bo? tea*] & pupils--t is1 bo? p>5ts & *ildr5--9 ! art ( f9d+ ! univ]sal _s ( tru? "u all temporal disguises4 ,)\t ?is art ! ,bible is a clos$ book1 ev5 to ! close/ /ud5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,mak+ ,lessons ,real ,aga91 e ef=t %\ld be made to help ! home ,bible class to und]/& ! p]iod /udi$ 9 t week's lesson1 & to ?is end secul> lit]ature & art %\ld be freely call$ ^u1 n only su* /ories1 = example1 z ,b5 ,hur1 b o!r /ories n necess>ily religi\s1 :i* deal ) ! same "t & place2 !y are ( great help 9 putt+ vividly be=e ! *ildr5 & p>5ts ! temporal sett+ ( ! et]nal /ories4 ,cannon ,f>r>'s ,life ( ,*ri/ is a v great help to ! realization ( ! ,new ,te/am5t sc5es1 z is also ,tissot's ,pictorial ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,9 %ort e art %\ld be made to deep5 & cl>ify ! conceptions r\s$ by ! /udy ( ! ,bible4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 ,conclusion ,! "m :o und]takes ! trem5d\s task ( rightly tra9+ h] *ildr51 w ne$ to ex]cise h]self daily 9 all ! ,*ri/ian virtues--& if !re are any ,pagan ones n includ$ "u fai?1 hope1 *>ity1 pati5ce1 & humility1 to ex]cise ^? also4 ,) ^! virtues to support h]1 %e w be able to use :atev] k %e may acquire4 ,)\t !m %e c d no?+4 ,,te/ ,,que/ions ,! foll[+ que/ions con/itute ! writt5 recitation :i* ! regul> memb]s ( ! ,a4,s4,h4,e4 answ] 9 writ+ & s5d 9 = ! correction & comm5t ( ! in/ructor4 ,!y are int5d$ to emphasize & fix 9 ! memory ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! lesson4 ,,"p ,,iii ,read ,c>efully4 ,9 answ]+ ^! que/ions y are e>ne/ly reque/$ n to answ] accord+ to ! text-book :]e op9ions are ask$ =1 b to answ] accord+ to conviction4 ,9 all cases cr$it w be giv5 = ?\ght & orig9al obs]vation4 ,place y\r "n & full address at ! head ( ! pap]2 use y\r own words s t y\r in/ructor may be sure t y und]/& ! subject4 #a4 ,h[ c y br+ ! influ5ce ( art to be> ^u y\r *ild8 #b4 ,:at is ! influ5ce ( music8 ,h[ c y employ x8 #c4 ,d y believe 9 fairy tales = *ildr58 ,/ate y\r reasons4 #d4 ,h[ w\ld y enc\rage ! love ( nature 9 y\r *ild8 #e4 ,:at is x t ! ,k9d]g>t5 c d bett] ?an ! home8 #f4 ,suppose t y\r *ild _h "s undesirable acqua9tances1 h[ w\ld y meet ! situation8 #g4 ,:at c y say ( accompli%m5ts = *ildr58 #h4 ,if manual tra9+1 physical culture1 dome/ic sci5ce1 etc41 are n taught 9 y\r s*ools & y wi% y\r *ildr5 to get "s ( ! advantages ( ^! /udies1 h[ w y set ab\t x8 #i4 ,:at d y und]/& to be ! correlation ( /udies8 #aj4 ,%\ld p>5ts become acqua9t$ ) ! tea*]s ( _! *ildr5 & _! me?ods8 ,:y8 #aa4 ,h[ may *ildr5 be taught ! use ( money8 #ab4 ,/ate ! advantages & disadvantages ( ,sunday s*ools4 ,:at h !y meant 9 y\r own exp]i5ce8 #ac4 ,h[ w y tra9 y\r *ild religi\sly8 ,c anyone take ?is task f y8 #ad4 ,:at rules mu/ be borne 9 m9d 9 tea*+ ! ,bible at home8 #ae4 ,give "s exp]i5ce ( y\r own 7or ( a fri5d7 9 ! tra9+ ( a *ild :]e9 a success has be5 a*iev$4 #af4 ,are !re any que/ions y w\ld l to ask or subjects :i* y wi% to discuss 9 connection ) ! lessons on ! ,/udy ( ,*ild ,life8 ,note4--,aft] complet+ ! te/ sign x ) y\r full "n4 ,supplem5t>y ,notes on ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,,by ,,m>ion ,,fo/] ,,wa%burne ,,application ,,( ,,pr9ciples4 ,9 ?is ,/udy ( ,*ild ,life we h consid]$ "s ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( education4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! complex inh]itance ( ! ,am]ican p x is1 p]haps1 no wond] t _m families conta9 individuals v>y+ s widely f ea* o!r z to seem to require ea* a complete sy/em ( education all to himself4 ,we are a p born late 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race1 & our blood is m+l$ ( ! ,norseman's1 ! ,celt's1 & ! ,lat9's4 ,advanc+ civilization alone w\ld t5d to make u m complex1 our problems m subtle2 b 9 addition to ?is we are mix$ ( all races1 & born 9 times s /r5u\s t1 soon] or lat]1 e fibre ( our weav+ is /ra9$ & br\ght into prom95ce4 ,9 ! lett]s f my /ud5ts ?is fact1 ) :i* ,i 0 already famili> 9 a g5]al sort ( way1 has be5 br\ght m p>ticul>ly to my att5tion4 ,9 all cases1 ! situation has be5 responsible = mu* confusion & difficulty4 ,9 a good _m1 x has l$ to family trag$ies1 v>y+ 9 magnitude f ! unhapp9ess ( ! misund]/ood *ild to t ( ! lonely woman1 suff]+ 9 adult life f ! faults ( h] upbr++1 & ! failure ( ! family ties ^: ne$ %e felt ! m z ! duties ( mo!rhood press$ ^u h]4 ,if x 7 possible = me to violate ! confid5ce ( my pupils ,i c\ld prove v conclusively t ! old-fa%ion$ sy/em ( br++ up *ildr5 on ! ?ree ,r's & a spank+ did n "w s well z "s p]sons seem to ?9k4 ,i c\ld prove t ! problem has gr[n pa/ ! po9t :]e in/9ct & tradition may be held z suffici5t to solve x4 ,ev]yone1 see+ ^! lett]s1 w\ld be oblig$ to confess1 ,yes1 inde$1 "h is pla9 ne$ ( tra9+ = p>5ts4 ,yet1 at ! same "t1 ^! same p]sons w\ld be tempt$ to inquire1 ,b c any tra9+ meet su* a difficult situation8 ,"h is despair2 & "s cause = x4 ,:5 "o's own "m has n und]/ood "o2 :5 "o has liv$ lonely 9 ! mid/ ( bro!rs & si/]s :o are m /range ?an /rang]s2 :5 "o's *ildhood is full ( ! memory ( obscure b int5se suff]+s1 "o flies = relief1 p]haps1 to any "o :o (f]s x hopefully en\gh2 b "o does n really expect to get x4 ,c tra9+1 especially by correspond5ce1 meet ! ne$8 ,n :olly1 ( c\rse1 let u be frank to admit4 ,no am\nt ( !ory1 h[ev] excell5t1 c take ! place ( ! drill giv5 only 9 ! h>d s*ool ( exp]i5ce4 ,b :5 ! !ory is n m]ely !ory1 b s\nd pr9ciple1 bas$ on sci5tific obs]vation1 confirm$ by ! wide exp]i5ce ( _m p]sons1 x is z valuable 9 practical life z any rule ( ma!matics to ! practical eng9e]4 ,we all "k t ! te*nical correspond5ce s*ools really d fit "y me*anics to move on & up 9 ! trade4 ,by correspond5ce he is giv5 :at ,froebel calls ! int]pret+ ^w4 ,! exp]i5ce 9 application ! /ud5t has to supply himself4 ,s 9 ! matt] ( education4 ,!re are g5u9e pr9ciples :i* und]lie ! developm5t ( e *ild t lives--ev5 ! feeble-m9d$1 deaf1 & bl9d4 ,read ,hel5 ,kell]'s wond]ful life1 if y want to see ! pro( ( x4 ,j z surely z a *ild has two legs & has to le>n to walk on !m by a s]ies ( prolong$ exp]im5ts1 j s surely he has 7a7 a s5se ( ju/ice1 7b7 an in/9ct = fre$om1 7c7 a love ( play4 ,e k9d ( *ild has all ^! in/9cts1 z mu* z he has love = food & dr9k2 & to educate him consi/s 9 develop+ ^! in/9cts into 7a7 ! habit ( deal+ ju/ly by o!rs1 7b7 ! "r use ( fre$om1 7c7 love ( "w4 ,! p>ticul> me?ods may diff]4 ,! pr9ciples d n & ,,_c ,,diff]4 ,%e :o w\ld succe$ 9 *ild tra9+ mu/ hold to ^! tru?s ) all h] might & ma9--mak+ !m1 9 fact1 h] religion1 = !y are ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian religion z appli$ to mo!rhood4 ,to hold !m lightly1 or ev5 exp]im5tally1 w n d4 ,"o mo/ walk 9 fai?4 ,& t ! fai? may n be bl9d1 b may be bas$ on exp]i5ce & und]/&+1 let me sugge/ ?is means ( pro(3 ,in/ead ( ask+ y\rself h[ ! laws laid d[n 9 ^! little books w\ld fit ?is or t p>ticul> *ild1 y\r own or ano!r's1 ask h[ !y w\ld h fitt$ y1 if !y _h be5 appli$ to y by y\r own "m4 ,take ! *apt] on faults1 pick out ! "o :i* 0 y\rs1 9 *ildhood--oh1 ( c\rse1 y've got ov] x n[6--?9k ( "s bitt] tr\ble into :i* t fault hurri$ y1 & conceive t1 in/ead ( ! puni%m5t y did receive1 y _h be5 treat$ z ! lesson sugge/s--:at1 d y ?9k1 w\ld h be5 ! result8 ,& s ) ! o!r *apt]s--ev5 ) t mu*-moot$ "q ( companion%ip4 ,te/ ! tru? ( !m all by _! imag9>y application to ! *ild y "k be/4 ,:5 y c1 f9d ! pr9ciples t y\r own "m did employ 9 y\r education1 & exam9e ! result ( :at %e did4 ,"s ( ! pr9ciples w sudd5ly become lum9\s to y1 ,i am sure2 & "s ?+s t happ5$ 9 ! pa/ receive an explanation4 ,su* a self-exam9ation1 to be ( any value1 mu/ be rigidly hone/4 ,!re is too mu* at /ake "h = y to p]mit any remnants ( bitt] feel+ to influ5ce y\r judgm5t--& y w surely be surpris$ to f9d h[ _m bitt] res5tm5ts w %[ t !y yet h life4 ,! pa/ is dead1 z f> z y\r p[] to *ange x is conc]n$2 b x lives1 z a ?+ t y c use4 ,"h is y\r own *ild1 to be help$ or h9d]$ by :at y may h endur$4 ,x w all h be5 wor? :ile1 if by means ( x y c save him f "s bruises & falls4 ,e bitt]ness w be sweet5$ if y c look ?r\gh x & f9d ! tru? :i* %all s]ve ?is de>] little self :o looks to y = guidance4 ,!n1 :5 y h f\nd ! pr9ciples true--& n "o m9ute be=e6--put !m rigidly into practice4 ,i say1 n "o m9ute be=e y are conv9c$1 because x is bett] to hold ! tru? lightly 9 ! memory z a m]e int]e/+ !ory y h nev] _h "t to te/1 ?an to swall[ x1 half assimilat$4 ,tru? is a real & liv+ p[]1 once x is appli$ to life2 & to half-use x 9 d\bt1 & fe>1 is to invite indige/ion & consequ5t disgu/4 ,take ( ^! tea*+s t :i* y are sure is s\nd & "r1 & use x fai?fully1 & unremitt+ly4 ,be c>eful t no plea ( exp$i5cy1 no hurry ( ! mom5t1 makes y false4 ,if y are ?us fai?ful 9 small ?+s1 "o aft] ! o!r1 9 a s]ies fitt$ to y\r own peculi> con/itution1 ! o!rs w prove !mselves to y2 = !y are coh]5t tru?s1 & n "o lives to itself alone1 b jo9s h&s ) all ! re/4 ,be+ tru?s1 !y fit all human m9ds--y\rs & m9e1 & ^? ( our *ildr51 no matt] h[ div]se we may be4 ,,o!r ,,p',s ,,*ildr5 ,isn't x ridicul\sly true t1 z soon z we get enlight5$ ourselves1 we burn to enlight5 ! re/ ( ! _w8 ,we d n seem to rememb] our own feel+s dur+ ! ye>s ( d>kness1 & ! cont5tm5t ( ^? :o rema9 z we 7 surpasses our p[] ( compreh5sion4 ,x is really com=t+ to my own s5se ( impati5ce & balk$ zeal to f9d h[ _m ( my pupils are dreadfully conc]n$ ab\t o!r p's *ildr54 ,?is "o's he>t burns ov] ! little boy next door :o is %amefully mismanag$ & :o already beg9s to %[ ! ill effects ( 8 treatm5t4 ,t "o has a si/]-9-law :o refuses to li/5 to a ^w spok5 9 season4 ,betwe5 my smiles--^? com=table smiles ) :i* we recognize our own %ortcom+s--,i1 too1 am really conc]n$ ab\t ! si/]-9-law's *ildr54 ,x is true t _! "m ought to be taught bett]1 & t1 if %e isn't1 ^? innoc5t lambs are go+ to suff] = x4 ,(f at ?is di/ance1 )\t ! ties ( k9dr$ to draw me too close = cle> judgm5t1 ,i see1 ?\gh1 t we h to walk v cauti\sly "h1 = fe> ( do+ m h>m ?an good4 ,bett] t ^? b5ight$ wom5 nev] he>d ! "n ( *ild-/udy1 ?an to he> x only to greet x ) rebellion & hatr$4 ,yet to =ce any ( our pr9ciples ^u h] att5tion :5 %e is 9 a ho/ile mood--or to =ce !m1 inde$1 9 any mood--is to invite j ?is attitude4 ,mo/ ( u1 by ! "t t we are suffici5tly gr[n up to und]take ! /udy ( *ild life1 h outgr[n ! habit ( pla9ly tell+ our fri5ds to _! faces j :at we ?9k ( _! faults2 yet ?is is a safe & pleasant pa/ime beside t o!r ( try+ to tell !m h[ to br+ up _! *ildr54 ,y /& x f me1 because y h invit$ x1 & p]haps /ill m because y nev] see me1 & ! p]sonal elem5t ent]s only slightly & pleasantly into our relation%ip4 ,i sometimes ?9k t /ud5ts p\r out _! he>ts to me1 mu* z we us$ to talk to our girl fri5ds 9 ! d>k4 ,i'm v sure ,i %\ld nev] d>e to say to _! faces :at ,i write s freely on ! backs ( _! pap]s6 ,y see1 ! adult1 too1 has 8 love ( fre$om2 & :ile he c /& an indirect1 imp]sonal prea*m5t1 :i* he may reject if he likes )\t apology1 he w n /& ! insi/5ce ( a p]sonal appeal4 ,i've let ,little ,wom5 %ame me into bett] conduct1 :5 ,i 0 a girl1 at times :5 no direct spee* f a liv+ s\l w\ld h br\ght me to any?+ b defiance--hav5't y8 ,we h to apply our pr9ciples to ! adult _w ab\t u1 well z to ! *ild-_w1 & tea*1 :5 we p]mit ourselves to tea* at all1 *iefly by example1 by *e]ful confession ( fallibility1 by op5-m9d$ness4 ,above all ?+s1 we h to respect ! fre$om ( ^! o!rs1 ab\t :om we are s inconv5i5tly anxi\s4 ,x is fair1 ?\gh1 t ! spok5 ^w %\ld int]pret :at we d4 ,x is fair en\gh to tell y\r si/]-9-law :at y ?9k & ask h] judgm5t ^u x1 if y c tru/ y\rself n to rub y\r own judgm5t 9 too h>d4 ,if y are unm>ri$1 & a tea*]1 y w h to conc$e to h] prepo/]\s m>ital conceit a humble & inquir+ attitude1 & console y\r flu/]$ s\l by sett+ x to ! +5i\s task ( tea*+ by means ( a graduat$ s]ies ( artful inquiries4 ,don't1 oh don't6 seek = an outspok5 victory4 ,be cont5t if "s day y he> h] proclaim y\r tru? z h] own discov]y4 ,x nev] 0 y\rs1 anyway1 any m ?an x is h]s or ?an x is m9e4 ,be glad t1 :ile %e claims x1 %e at lea/ holds x close4 ,if y are a "m1 y are 9 an easi] case4 ,y c d to y\r own *ildr5 j :at %e ought to d to h]s1 & tell ab\t x s(tly1 z if sure ( h] sympa?y4 ,if y are v s9c]e 9 y\r desire = ! welf>e ( h] *ild1 y may ev5 ask h] advice ab\t y\rs1 & s ga9 ! "r to (f] a little 9 ex*ange--say "o-t5? ( :at %e gives4 ,all ^! w>n+s apply to uns\ght advice--a dang]\s ?+ to (f] "u any circum/ances4 ,except !re is a real em]g5cy1 y _h bett] avoid x4 ,if y\r nephew or little neighbor is w9n+ along ?r\gh 8 tr\bles fairly well1 be/ keep h&s (f4 ,b if y absolutely mu/ int]f]e1 gu>d y\rself z ,i sugge/1 & rememb] t1 ev5 !n1 y w assur$ly get burn$1 if y play long ) t dang]\s fire ( mat]nal pride6 ,:5 y\r advice is s\ght1 y are 9 a diff]5t position4 ,!n y h a "r to speak out1 ?\gh if y are wise & lov+ y w temp] t "r ) *>ity4 ,no "o c be too g5tle 9 deal+ ) a s\l t hone/ly asks = help2 b "o c easily be too timid4 ,?9k1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ( y\rself n at all2 b put y\rself z mu* z possible 9 h] place2 be l$ by h] que/ions2 & answ] fe>lessly f ! dep?s ( ! be/ tru? y hold4 ,!n leave x4 ,y c d no m4 ,:at becomes ( t tru?1 once y h lov+ly spok5 x1 is no m ( y\r conc]n4 ,,! ,,sex ,,"q ,always conv9c$ ( ! importance ( ?is subject1 convictions h deep5$ to ! po9t ( dismay s9ce le>n+1 ?r\gh ?is s*ool1 ( ! _m wom5 :o h suff]$ & :o cont9ue to suff]1 bo? m5tally & physically1 because1 9 e>ly girlhood1 !y 7 n taught ^? f9] physiological facts ^u :i* ! v life ( ! race dep5ds4 ,yet1 /rangely en\gh1 ^! v victims f9d x almo/ impossible to give _! *ildr5 ! k necess>y to save !m f a simil> fate4 ,x is z if ! lack ( e>ly tra9+ 9 !mselves leaves !m helpless be=e a situation f :i* !y suff] b :i* !y h nev] ma/]$4 ,( c\rse su* feel+s1 9 !mselves morbid1 are n to be tru/$4 ,fac$ ) a task l ?is we h only to ask ourselves n ,is x h>d8 b ,is x 9 tru? my task8 ,if x is1 we may be sure t we %all be giv5 /r5g? to d x1 provid$ only t we are s9c]e 9 our will+ness to d x & d n c\nt our feel+s at all4 ,x is prepo/]\s to h su* feel+s1 9 ! fir/ place4 ,!y are :olly ! product ( false tea*+4 ,= we h no "r--z we recognize :5 we /op to ?9k ab\t x 9 calmness ( _s1 & ap>t f our special difficult--to sit 9 scornful judgm5t ^u any ( ! laws ( nature4 ,:5 we f9d ourselves 9 rebellion aga9/ !m1 :at we h to d is to *ange ! /ate ( our m9ds1 = *ange ! laws we _c4 ,if we wom5 c\ld inaugurate a gigantic /rike aga9/ ! pres5t me?od ( be>+ *ildr5--& ,i imag9e t millions w\ld jo9 su* a /rike if x held out any promise ( success6--we /ill c\ld accompli% no?+4 ,to fret ourselves into a frazzle ov] x1 is to accompli% less ?an no?+2--x is to ent] ^u ! pa?way to de/ruction4 ,9 tea*+ our *ildr51 !n1 we h fir/ to conqu] ourselves--t pa9ful1 reit]at$1 primal necessity1 :i* mu/ und]lie all tea*+4 ,hav+ done s1 we %all f9d our task easi] ?an we suppos$4 ,! *ildr5's own que/ions w lead u2 & if we simply make x a rule nev] to answ] a "q falsely no matt] h[ f> x may probe1 we %all f9d ourselves n only enlight5+ b receiv+ enlight5m5t4 ,= no?+ is s sure an antidote to morbidness z ! unspoil$ m9d ( a *ild4 ,he looks at ! facts ) su* a calm1 level gaze t proportions are re/or$ to u z we foll[ 8 look4 ,_m ( my lett]s %[ t adult wom51 wives & mo!rs1 /ill grope = ! tru? t lies pla9 to ! eyes ( any simple *ild--! tru? t !re is no su* ?+ z clean & unclean1 only use & misuse4 ,o!rs1 ?r\gh love1 & ! spl5did revelations t x makes1 h ris5 s f> above _! =m] misconceptions t !y fe> to tell a *ild ! facts be=e he has exp]i5c$ ! love4 ,i c imag9e t 9 an ideal _w "s su* retic5ce might be good & "r--b ?is is f> f an ideal _w4 ,we h to tra9 our *ildr5 relatively1 n absolutely1 9 ! k t we d n control all _! environm5t4 ,i ?9k ! solution ( ! difficulty is to tea* ! facts ( sex 9 a p]fectly calm1 unemotional1 matt]-(-fact mann]1 j z "o tea*es ! laws ( dige/ion4 ,:5 k ( evil is ?ru/ ^u our *ild let u be sorry ) him t ^? o!r *ildr5 h nev] be5 taught1 & t !y are do+ _! bodies su* sad mis*ief4 ,b don't exagg]ate x2 don't be too %ock$2 don't condemn ! poor little s9n]s1 :o are also victims1 too sev]ely4 ,*>ity t[>d wrong-do+ is ! be/ prophylactic aga9/ imitation4 ,we nev] feel ! lure ( a s9 :i* grieves u 9 ano!r2 b (t5 ! call ( a s9 :i* we too /rongly condemn4 ,because ! v /r5g? ( ! condemnation r\ses our imag9ations1 is 9 itself an emotion1 &1 s9ce x is c]ta9ly n a lov+ "o1 mu/ necess>ily be l9k$ ) all o!r unlov+ & !re=e evil emotions4 ,z f> z possible1 let u keep feel+ out ( ?is subject1 until su* "t z ! true & beautiful feel+ ( love betwe5 husb& & wife arises & uplifts x4 ,,fa!rs ,& n[ comes ! editor ( ^! lessons & accuses me ( neglect+ ! fa!rs6 ,no?+ 9 ?is _w c\ld be f>!r f my ?\ghts4 ,n only d ,i agree ) him t all ord9>y *ildr5 h fa!rs1 & x might be well to put 9 a p>agraph2 b ,i am *e]fully will+ to write a :ole book on ! subject1 provid$ t a m]e modicum ( read]s c be assur$ me4 ,i fairly a*e to talk to fa!rs1 hav+ a really great ideal ( !m1 & :5ev] a class ( !m c be induc$ to take up a correspond5ce c\rse ,i %all be glad to conduct x4 ,jok+ aside1 h[ev]1 ,i truly feel t ! sadde/ lack _m ( our *ildr5 h to suff] is ! lack ( fa!rs2 & ! sadde/ lack our m5 h to suff] is ! lack ( *ildr54 ,s little are mo/ m5 awake to ?is subject t ,i am p]fectly conv9c$ t mu* ( ! preval5t race suicide is due to _! objections to a l>ge family1 r ?an to _! wives'4 ,^u !m comes ! burd5 ( support4 ,!y get few ( ! joys :i* belong to *ildr51 & ne>ly all ( ! woes4 ,seldom d !y %>e ! games ( _! (fspr+1 or _! happy times2 & almo/ always ! wor/ difficulties are ?ru/ ^u !m = solution4 ,n t !y (t5 solve !m6 ,h[ c we expect x8 ,!re is ,edg> gr[+ v untru?ful & defiant4 ,we h conceal$ all ! fir/ /ages ( ! disease = fe> ( bo!r+ poor tir$ papa4 ,at la/ x rea*es su* a height t we c conceal x no long]4 ,we fl+ ! desp]ate boy at ! v head ( ! bewild]$ fa!r1 & !n h turns ( bitt] disappo9tm5t because ! rem$ies t are appli$ may be s mu* crud]1 ev51 ?an our own4 ,"h is a boy :o gets close to 8 fa!r only to f9d ! proximity v uncom=table2 & a fa!r :o becomes acqua9t$ ) 8 son only ?r\gh ! ugly revelations ( 8 wor/ faults4 ,n b t ! fa!rs are some:at to blame1 too4 ,)\t urg+ by u1 !y ought1 ( c\rse to take a spontane\s int]e/ 9 ! lives = :i* !y are responsible4 ,!y ought to1 & !y (t5 d2 b ! int]e/ is sometimes ill-advis$1 & consequ5tly unwelcome4 ,!re are fa!rs ^: int]e/ is a mo/ inconv5i5t ?+4 ,:5 !y are at home1 !y run ev]y?+1 gr[l at ev]y?+1 upset1 z l z n1 all t ! "m has be5 try+ to d dur+ ! day4 ,i "k wives :o are di/9ctly glad to enc\rage _! husb&s 9 ! habit ( lun*+ d[n-t[n1 s t !y c h a little room = _! own peculi> =m ( activity4 ,& maybe we all h times ( sympa?iz+ ) ! woman 9 ?is famili> /ory3 ,!re 0 a man once :o nev] left ! h\se )\t a li/ ( directions to 8 wife z to h[ %e %\ld manage ?+s dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,bett] h ! *ildr5 c>ry umbrellas ?is morn+2 x's go+ to ra91 said he1 z he w5t out ( ! door4 ,be sure to put on _! rubb]s4 ,& s9ce ! baby is s cr\py ,i'd get out 8 w9t] flannels1 if ,i 7 y4 ,yes1 de>1 said ! pati5t wife4 ,make y\r m9d easy4 ,i'll take j z good c>e ( !m z if !y 7 my own *ildr54 ,( c\rse ?is is an extreme case4 ,!re are o!r fa!rs ^: :ole idea ( ! p>5tal relation seems to be indulg5ce4 ,no sy/em ( discipl9e1 h[ev] mild1 c be c>ri$ out :5 su* a man w9s ! *ildr5's he>ts & ru9s _! dispositions4 ,x is he1 isn't x8 7,i don't q recollect ! tale7 :o 0 s5t1 aft] dea?1 to ! w>m regions1 !re to expiate 8 _m s9s ( omission4 ,& 8 ador+ *ildr51 :o _h be5 haul$ to heav5 by ! ma9 /r5g?1 let u say1 ( _! "m1 f\nd t ! only ?+ !y c\ld d = him 0 to call out cele/ial hose company numb] "o & ask !m to play a:ile ^u ! ov]heat$ ap>tm5ts ( poor tir$ papa4 ,! tru? is--sit close & let no man he> :at we say6--t ^! fa!rs are mu* :at we1 ! mo!rs1 make !m4 ,if1 "u ! mi/ak5 idea ( sav+ fa!r f all ! worries ( ! *ildr51 we hurry ! y\ng/]s (f to b$ be=e he comes home 9 ! ev5+1 conceal our he>t-burn+s ov] !m1 d our correspond5ce-s*ool "w 9 secret & solitude1 m$itate 9 ! same fa%ion ov] plans = _! upbr++1 talk to our neighbors b nev] to him ab\t ! daily tr\bles1 h[ c we expect any man on e>?1 no matt] h[ susceptible ( lat] angelic gr[?1 to become a wise & devot$ fa!r8 ,tir$ or n1 he is a fa!r1 n a m]e bread-w9n]4 ,:e!r he likes x at ! mom5t or n1 x is = 8 s\l's heal? = him to ent] into ! full life ( 8 family1 includ+ ^? problems :i* are at ! v he>t ( x1 aft] 8 day ( gr9d+1 & v likely unlov+1 "w at ! (fice4 ,"h love ent]s to int]pret1 to s(t51 to make all pr9ciples live4 ,"h alone he c give himself to ^? g5tl] =ms ( judgm5t :i* are necess>y z mu* to ! completion ( 8 own "* z to ! happ9ess & welf>e ( 8 wife & *ildr54 ,someone has said t we wrong our fri5ds :5 we ask no?+ ( !m2 & c]ta9ly x is true t we wrong our husb&s :5 we d n dem& big & spl5did ?+s ( !m4 ,t ^w dem& tr\bles me a little4 ,s _m wom5 dem&--& dem& t]ribly6 ,b :at !y dem& is indulg5ce1 sympa?y1 int]e/--,i ?9k sometimes t !y crave a man's utt] absorption 9 !mselves mu* z a man craves /rong dr9k4 ,x is _! =m ( intoxication4 ,su* dem&+ is n1 ( c\rse1 :at ,i mean4 ,dem& no?+ = y\rself1 beyond simple ju/ice4 ,n love1 = t flies at ! v s\nd ( dem&1 & dies be=e nagg+4 ,b dem& = ! man himself1 call ^u 8 nobl] qualities1 & don't let him palm (f on y 8 second-be/4 ,_m a man is lov$ & honor$ by 8 bus9ess associates ^: wife & *ildr5 nev] cat* a glimpse ( ! f9] side ( him4 ,dem& ! ex]cise ( ^! f9e traits 9 ! home4 ,dem& t he be a f9e man 9 ! eyes ( 8 *ildr5 z 9 ! eyes ( 8 fri5ds4 ,be sure t he w rise to ! occasion ) a spl5did s5se ( hav+1 n[1 a home t is a home1 ( hav+ a wife :o is wiv$ to ! man he likes be/ to be4 ,?is bids fair to be--z ,i knew x w\ld1 if once ,i p]mitt$ myself to write at all on ! subject--n a p>agraph1 b a :ole essay--or p]haps1 if ,i did n *eck myself1 a :ole volume6 ,b aft] all1 :at ,i want to say is m]ely t z no *ild c be born )\t a fa!r1 s he _c be prop]ly tra9$ )\t a fa!r's daily assi/ance4 ,& t1 s9ce mo/ fa!rs come to ! task ev5 m untra9$ ?an ! mo!rs1 "s tra9+ mu/ be und]tak54 ,by :om8 ,by ! "m4 ,x is1 ,i solemnly believe1 y\r duty to g ahead a little on ?is "p ( ! j\rney1 f9d out :at ought to be done1 & tea*1 coax1 induce y\r husb& to co-op]ate ) y 9 ^! ?+s4 ,no "o kn[s bett] ?an y d t he is only a boy at he>t aft] all--p]haps ! v de>e/ boy ( !m all4 ,?is boy y h to help :ile yet ! o!r *ildr5 are little--b be sure t1 z y tea* him1 s1 all ! "t1 w he tea* y4 ,e pr9ciple laid d[n 9 ?is book1 above all o!rs ! pr9ciple ( fre$om1 w apply to him4 ,he w take ! lessons a trifle m reluctantly b m la/+ly ?an ! y\ng] boys2 & 9 a little :ile y w be envi$ ( all y\r wom5 fri5ds because ( ! compet5cy1 ! reliability1 ! cont5tm5t ( y\r *ildr5's fa!r4 ,,! ,,unconsci\s ,,influ5ce ,:5 all is said & done1 x rema9s true t ! f9e/1 ! mo/ subtle & p5etrat+ influ5ce 9 education is precisely t education = :i* no rules c be laid d[n4 ,x is ! sil5t influ5ce ( ! motives :i* impel ! p]sons :o con/antly surr\nd u4 ,if we exam9e = a little our own *ildhood we see at once t ?is is s4 ,:at are ^? canons ( conduct by :i* we judge o!rs & ev5 occasionally ourselves8 ,:5ce came t li/ ( impossible ?+s1 ^? ?+s t are s clos$ to u t we _c1 ev5 "u great /ress1 ( temptation1 conceive ourselves z yield+ to !m8 ,!re is an enlight5+ /ory ( a "y man1 born & br$ a g5tleman1 :o1 by ! way ( fa/ liv+ falls ^u pov]ty4 ,9 ! h>d pressure ( 8 f9ancial affairs he is ab\t to commit suicide1 :5 sudd5ly he f9ds1 9 an empty cab1 a roll ( bills am\nt+ to "s ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,! circum/ances are su* t he kn[s t he c1 if he w1 discov] ! own]2 or1 he c1 )\t fe> ( detection1 keep ! money himself4 ,he makes up 8 m9d1 delib]ately1 to keep x1 & !n1 almo/ aga9/ 8 w1 subconsci\sly z x 71 walks to ! (fice ( ! man :o lo/ ! money & re/ores x to him4 ,n[1 d\btless1 9 8 d[nw>d c>e] he _h done _m ?+s :i* judg$ by any absolute /&>d ( morality 7 q z wrong z ! keep+ ( t money w\ld h be51 b ! fact rema9$ t he c\ld n d t de$4 ,o!rs1 yes1 b n t4 ,he 0 a g5tleman1 & g5tlem5 d n /eal private prop]ty1 :atev] !y may d ab\t public prop]ty4 ,yet probably1 9 all 8 life he _h n once be5 told n to /eal--n "o ^w _h he be5 taught1 op5ly1 on ! subject4 ,no "o :om he knew /ole4 ,he 0 nev] expect$ to /eal4 ,/eal+ 0 a s9 beyond ! pale4 ,s /rong 0 ?is unconsci\s1 b unv>y+ influ5ce1 t by x he 0 sav$1 9 ! h\r ( extreme ne$1 f ev5 feel+ ! =ce ( a temptation t to a boy born & re>$1 say1 9 ! slums1 w\ld h be5 ov]:elm+4 ,n[1 consid]+ su* ?+s1 ,i take x t x behooves u1 z p>5ts1 to look closely at ! sort ( p]sons t we are1 cle> inside ( u4 ,to exam9e1 z if ) ! cle> eyes ( our own *ildr51 wait+ to be cl\d$ by our sophi/ries1 ! motives f :i* we habitually act 9 ! small affairs ( ev]yday life4 ,are we influ5c$ by fe> ( :at ! neighbors w say8 ,h we "o /&>d ( c\rtesy = company times1 & ano!r = private mom5ts8 ,if s1 :y8 ,are we self-indulg5t ab\t trifles8 ,are we tru?ful 9 _s z well z 9 lett]8 ,d we p]mit ourselves to *eat ! /reet-c> & ! railroad company1 tea*+ ! *ild at our side to sit l[ t he may ride = half-f>e8 ,d we seek ju/ice 9 our b>ga9+1 or are we %>p & self-consid]ate8 ,d we practice democracy1 or only talk x & wave ! flag at x8 ,& s on ) a hundr$ o!r que/ions z to ^? small repeat$ acts1 :i*1 spr++ f base motives1 may put our unconsci\s influ5ce ) our *ildr5 9 ! already ov]-weight$ d[n-side ( ! scale2 or met bravely & nobly1 at "s exp5se ( conv5i5ce1 may help to enlight5 ! weight ( inh]it$ evil4 ,sometimes ,i wond] h[ mu* ( :at we call inh]it$ evil is ! result n ( h]$ity at all1 b ( ?is sort ( unconsci\s education4 ,,answ]s ,,to ,,que/ions ,,! ,,self-,,di/ru/ful ,,*ild4 ,y\r "q is an excell5t "o4 ,! answ] to x is really conta9$ 9 y\r answ] to ! "q ab\t ob$i5ce4 ,if a *ild obey laws n p]sons1 & is /eadily %[n ! reasonabl5ess ( :at is requir$ ( him1 he comes to tru/ ^? laws & to tru/ himself :5 he is consci\s ( obey+4 ,b 9 addition to ?is g5]al tra9+1 x might be well to give a self-di/ru/ful *ild easy "w to d--"w well )9 8 ability--!n to praise him = p]=m+ x2 give him some?+ a little h>d]1 b /ill )9 8 rea*1 & s on1 /eadily call+ on him = great] & great] ef=t1 b see+ to x t ! ef=t is n too great & t x be>s visible fruit4 ,he %\ld nev] be all[$ to be disc\rag$2 & :5 he droops ov] 8 "w1 "s /rong1 fri5dly help may well he giv5 him4 ,s5sitive1 consci5ti\s *ildr51 su* z ,i imag9e y 71 are sometimes ov]:elm$ 9 ?is way by p>5ts1 q unconsci\s ( ! pa9 !y are giv+ by assign+ tasks t are beyond ! /r5g? & c\rage ( ! "y toil]s4 ,at ! same "t1 mu* might be done by tra9+ ! *ild's att5tion f product to process4 ,y "k ! ,/4 ,l\is ,fair does n aim to %[ :at has be5 done1 b h[ ?+s are done4 ,s a *ild--s y--c f9d happ9ess & intellectual uplift 9 /udy+ ! laws at "w "u ! simple/ employm5t in/ead ( c\nt+ ! numb] ( ?+s f9i%$4 ,,company ,,ways ,a boy :o is visit+ u is s beset ) rules & 'nagg$' ev5 by glances & nudges1 t ,i wond] t he is n bewild]$ & rebelli\s4 ,he seems good & pleasant & ob$i5t 7#ab ye>s old71 b ,i keep wond]+ :y8 ,p]haps ^! 7 company ways inspir$ by an ov]-anxiety on 8 "m's "p t he %\ld appe> well4 ,oh1 ,i h be5 s tempt$ 9 ?is direction6--= ( c\rse p look at my *ildr5 to see if !y prove ! tru? ( my tea*+s1 & z !y are vigor\s1 free & active y\ng/]s1 ) decid$ *>act]i/ics !y (t5 d ! mo/ unexpect$ & uncom=table ?+s6 ,!re mu/ be good po9ts bo? 9 ! boy himself--! boy y m5tion--& 9 8 tra9+ :i* (fset ! bad effects ( ! 'nagg+' y notice--& possibly ! nagg+ itself may n be cu/om>y :5 he is at home4 ,& p]haps ! "m kn[s t y are a close obs]v] ( *ildr54 ,,!ory ,,be=e ,,practice ,!re is only "o dang] 9 le>n+ ab\t ! tra9+ ( *ildr5 9 advance ( _! adv5t1 & t is ! dang] ( be+ too sure ( ourselves--too sy/ematic4 ,! be/ tra9+ is t :i* is mo/ invisible--:i* leaves ! *ild mo/ 9 fre$om4 ,almo/ ! :ole duty ( mo!rs is to provide ! "r environm5t & !n j love & enjoy ! *ild z he moves & gr[s 9 x4 ,b to d ?is app>5tly easy ?+ requires s mu* simplicity & directness ( vision & mo/ ( u are s complex & confus$ t consid]able tra9+ & consid]able ef=t are requir$ to put u into ! "r attitude4 ,= myself1 soon aft] ,i took my k9d]g>t5 tra9+1 :i* ,i did ) ?ree babies creep+ & play+ ab\t ! s*oolroom1 ,i read ,george ,m]$i?'s ',ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]il' 7ref]r$ to on p4 #cc1 ,"p ,i7 & felt t t book 0 an excell5t c\nt]-balance1 sav+ me1 9 ! nick ( "t1 f impos+ any sy/em1 h[ev] p]fect1 ^u my *ildr54 ,p]haps y w enjoy read+ x1 too4 ,,! ,,emotional ,,appeal ,do+ "r f love ( p>5t may easily become too /rong a factor & too mu* reliance may be plac$ ^u x4 ,!re are few dang]s 9 *ild tra9+ m real ?an ! dang] ( ov] work+ ! emotional appeal4 ,y d n wi% y\r *ild to =m ! habit ( work+ = approval1 d y8 ,,! ,,food ,,"q ,! food "q c be met 9 less direct ways ) y\r "y baby4 ,no food b t :i* is good = him ne$ be se54 ,x is seldom good to h s "y a *ild come to ! family table4 ,x is bett] he w\ld h 8 own meals1 s t he is satisfi$ ) prop] foods be=e ! o!r appe>s4 ,or1 if he mu/ eat :5 y d1 let him h a little l[ table to himself1 spread ) 8 own pretty little di%es & 8 own *air1 ) p]haps a doll = companion or playmate4 ,f ?is level he _c see or be tempt$ by ! vi&s on ! l>ge table2 yet1 if 8 table is ne> y\r *air y c easily rea* & s]ve him4 ,x is a real torm5t to a "y *ild to see ?+s he mu/ n t\* or eat1 & x is a p]fectly unnecess>y s\rce ( tr\ble4 ,my f\r *ildr5 ate at su* a l[ table till ! olde/ 0 eight ye>s old1 :5 he 0 promot$ to our table1 & ! o!rs foll[$ 9 due ord]4 ,,air ,,ca/les ,:at a wond]ful read] y 7 z a *ild6 & c]ta9ly ! books y m5tion 7 f> beyond y4 ,yet ,i c n q agree t ! habit ( air-ca/le build+ is p]nici\s4 ,inde$ ,i believe 9 x4 ,x ne$s only to be balanc$ by practical ef=t1 direct$ t[>ds furni%+ an e>?ly f\ndation = ! ca/le4 ,build1 !n1 z high & spl5did z y l1 & love !m s h>d t y are mov$ to lay a few /ones on ! solid e>? z a beg9n+ ( a m sub/antial /ructure2 & "s day y may wake to f9d "s ( y\r ca/les com+ true4 ,^? practical f\ndation /ones und]ly+ a trem5d\s t[] ( idealism h a g5u9e magic p[]4 ,build all y l ab\t y\r baby1 = in/ance4 ,?9k :at ?+s ,m>y pond]$ 9 h] he>t4 ,no1 ,i'm nev] worri$ ab\t idealism except :5 x is cont5t$ ) itself & makes b little ef=t at outw>d realization4 ,b ! fact t y are tak+ ?is c\rse proves t y w "w to realize y\r ideals4 ,i don't ?9k x v bad ei!r to read to 'kill "t4' ,?\gh if y g on hav+ a family1 y won't h any "t to kill 9 a v little :ile4 ,b d read on :5 y c1 o!rwise y may be %ut 91 fir/ y "k1 to too small a _w1 & a "m ne$s to draw h] own n\ri%m5t f all ! _w1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,,duty ,,to ,,oneself ,yes1 ,i %\ld say y 7 di/9ctly precoci\s1 & t y are almo/ c]ta9ly suff]+ f ! effects ( t e>ly brilliancy4 ,b ! degree 0 n s great z to p]man5tly injure y1 especially if y see :at is ! matt]1 & gu>d aga9/ repeat+ ! mi/akes ( y\r p>5ts4 ,i mean t y c n[ treat y\r own body & m9d & n]ves z y wi% !y _h treat$ !m4 ,pret5d t y are y\r own little *ild1 & deal ) y\rself t5d]ly & g5tly1 mak+ all[ances = ! e>ly /ra9 to :i* y 7 subject$4 ,s few ( u ,am]ican wom51 ) our al]t m9ds1 & our ,puritanic consci5ces1 h ! good s5se & self-control to refra9 f driv+ ourselves2 & if1 z (t5 happ5s1 we h =m$ ! bad habit e>ly 9 life1 re=m is truly difficult1 b n impossible4 ,we c get ! good ( our disability by consci5ti\sly driv+ home ! pr9ciple t 9 ord] to 'love o!rs z ourselves' we mu/ le>n to love ourselves z we love o!rs4 ,we h lit]ally no "r to be unreasonably exact+ t[>d ourselves1--b p]haps ,i am tak+ too mu* ^u myself by prea*+ outside ! realm ( *ild /udy4 ,,! ,,"m ,,& ,,! ,,tea*] ,y\r pap] has be5 int5sely int]e/+ to me4 ,i h always held t a true tea*] 0 really a "m1 ?\gh ( a v l>ge flock1 j z a true "m is really a tea*]1 ?\gh ( a v small s*ool4 ,! two po9ts ( view complete ea* o!r & ,i d\bt if ei!r "m or tea*] c see truly )\t ! o!r4 ,!y tell u1 y "k1 t our two eyes1 ) _! slight div]g5ce ( position1 are necess>y to make u1 see ?+s z hav+ m ?an "o side2 & ! "m & ! tea*]1 "o see+ ! individual *ild1 ! o!r ! *ild z ! memb] ( ! race1 ne$ ea* o!r to see ! *ild z ! complex1 _m-sid$ individual he really is4 ,9 y\r s*ool1 d y manage to get ! mo!rs to co-op]ate8 ,"h1 ,i am try+ to get ne> my *ildr5's tea*]s4 ,!y try1 too2 b x is n altoge!r easy = any ( u4 ,we ne$ "s common meet+ gr\nd--"s neutral activity :i* we c\ld %>e4 ,if y h any sugge/ions1 ,i %all be glad to h !m4 ,( c\rse1 ,i visit s*ool & ! tea*]s visit me1 & we are fri5dly 9 an arm's l5g? sort ( fa%ion4 ,t is l>gely because !y believe 9 corporal puni%m5t & practice x freely & x is h>d = u to look /raight at ea* o!r ov] ?is disagreem5t4 ,,corporal ,,puni%m5t4 ,to ! ,matron ( a ,girls' ,orphan ,asylum ,n[ to ! specific que/ions y ask4 ,my answ]s mu/1 ( c\rse1 be bas$ ^u g5]al pr9ciples--! special application1 (t5 s v difficult a matt]1 mu/ be left to y4 ,to beg9 ) corporal puni%m5t4 ,y say y are 'p]sonally oppos$1 b t y\r e>ly tra9+ & ! lit]al int]pretation ( ,solomon's rod keep y undecid$4' ,surely y\r own comm5t lat] %[s t "p1 at lea/1 ( ! influ5ce ( y\r e>ly tra9+ 0 aga9/ corporal puni%m5t1 because y saw & felt its evils 9 y\rself4 ,su* e>ly tra9+ may h made y unapt 9 ?9k+ ( o!r means ( discipl9e2 b x c h>dly h made y ?9k ( corporal puni%m5t z "r4 ,& h[ c anyone take ,solomon's rod any m lit]ally ?an %e does ! ,savior's cross8 ,we are bid1 on a high] au?ority ?an ,solomon's prov]bs1 to take up our cross & foll[ ,him4 ,?is we all int]pret figuratively4 ,w\ld y dream1 = in/ance1 ( b9d+ heavy crosses ( wood ^u ! backs ( y\r *ildr5 because y felt y\rselves s enjo9$ 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ,scriptures8 ,:y1 !n1 take ! rod lit]ally8 ,x is z cle>ly us$ to designate any =m ( ord]ly discipl9e z ! cross is us$ to designate endurance ( necess>y sorr[s4 ',! lett] kille?1 b ! _s make? alive4' ,z to y\r next "q ab\t quick results1 ,i mu/ recognize t y are 9 a mo/ difficult position4 ,= n ! be/ conceivable int5tions1 nor ! highe/ wisdom1 c make ! unnatural conditions y h to meet1 z good z natural ones4 ,9 any asylum _m purely artificial requirem5ts mu/ be made to meet ! artificial situation4 ,"t & space1 ^? temporal appe>ances1 gr[ to be m5ac+ mon/]s1 take to !mselves ! *ief realities4 ,nev]!less1 s f> z y are able1 y surely want to d ! natural1 "r1 un=c$ ?+4 ,& ) ea* successful ef=t w come fre% wisdom & fre% /r5g? = ! next4 ,let me sugge/1 9 ! case y m5tion1 ( insol5ce1 t ?ree practical c\rses are op5 to y3 "o to s5d or lead ! *ild quietly f ! room1 ) ! lea/ aggressiv5ess possible1 s z n fur!r to excite h] opposition1 & to keep h] ap>t f ! re/ until %e is suffici5tly anxi\s = society to be will+ to make an ef=t to des]ve x2 or two1 to d no?+1 p]mitt+ a l>ge & eloqu5t sil5ce to acc5tuate ! rebelli\s words2 or ?ree1 to call = ! condemnation ( ! *ild's mates4 ,speak+ to "o or two ^: response y are sure ( fir/1 ask ea* "o pres5t = a expression ( op9ion4 ,?is is s sev]e a puni%m5t t x ought n (t5 to be invok$2 b x is deadly sure4 ,,/eal+ ,! "q ( hone/y is1 inde$1 mo/ difficult4 ,i d n ?9k x w\ld l[] ! /&>d ( morality to assume hone/y1 z ! ?+ y expect$ to f9d1 to accept almo/ any o!r explanation1 to agree ) ! :ole body ( *ildr5 t di%one/y 0 s mu* ! fault ( dreadfully poor p :o _h no?+ unless !y /ole x1 t x c\ld n be _! fault1 :o _h s mu*--c\ldn't be ! fault ( anyone :o 0 well br\ght up z !y 74 ,emphasize1 9 /ory & side allusion1 at all sorts ( odd mom5ts :5 no concrete desire call$ away ! *ildr5's m9ds1 ! fact t hone/y is to be expect$ ev]y:]e1 except among t]ribly un=tunate p--( c\rse assum+ t !y ) _! good %elt] & good s*ool+ are among ! =tunate ones4 ,!n y w give ea* *ild n only pl5ty ( ev]y?+1 b ?+s individualiz$1 easily di/+ui%$1 & a place to put !m 94 ,i've (t5 ?\ght t ! habit ( buy+ ?+s :olesale--s _m dolls1 all exactly alike1 s _m y>ds ( calico = dresses1 all exactly alike1 leads1 9 in/itutions l y\rs1 to a vague conception ( private prop]ty1 & ev5 ( individuality itself4 ,if "s room c\ld be all[$ = free *oice--! *ildr5 be all[$ to buy _! own calicoes1 )9 a giv5 price1 or to *oose ! trimm+s or /yle1 etc4 ,i feel sure ! result w\ld be a /urdi] self-respect & a great] s5se ( t diff]5ce betwe5 individuals :i* ne$s emphasiz+ j z mu* z does ! solid>ity ( individuals4 ,,bibliography ,,books ,,= ,,mo!rs ,fundam5tal ,books 7,philosophy ( ,education--,p$agogy7 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,rights 7#e4jj1 po/age #cj;c71 ,j4,g4 ,fi*te4 ,education ( ,man 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,fri$ri* ,froebel4 ,mottoes & ,comm5t>ies ( ,froebel's ,"m ,play 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 translat$ by ,susan ,e4 ,bl[4 ,! ,"p ,play$ by ,infancy 9 ! ,evolution ( ,man 7#b4jj1 po/age #ae;c71 f ,a ,c5tury ( ,sci5ce1 article by ,john ,fiske4 ,h[ ,g]trude ,tea*es ,h] ,*ildr5 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,pe/alozzi4 ,levana1 ,bohn ,libr>y 7#a4jj1 po/age #ab;c71 ,jean ,paul ,ri*t]4 ,education 7#a4be1 po/age #ab;c71 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,g5]al ,books on ,education ,h\sehold ,education 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c71 ,h>riet ,m>t9eau4 ,bits ( ,talk ,ab\t ,home ,matt]s 7#a4be1 ,po/age #aj;c71 ,h4,h4 ,jackson4 ,biography ( a ,baby 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,millic5t ,%9n4 ,/udy ( ,*ild ,nature 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,elizabe? ,h>rison4 ,two ,*ildr5 ( ! ,foot ,hills 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c71 ,elizabe? ,h>rison4 ,! ,moral ,in/ruction ( ,*ildr5 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,felix ,adl]4 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,future 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,nora ,a4 ,smi?4 ,*ildr5's ,rights 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,kate ,d\glas ,wigg9 & ,nora ,a4 ,smi?4 ,republic ( ,*ildhood 7#c vols41 ea* #a4jj2 po/age #aj;c71 ,kate ,d\glas ,wigg9 & ,nora ,a4 ,smi?4 ,educational ,re=m]s 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,quick4 ,lectures to ,k9d]g>tn]s 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,elizabe? ,peabody4 ,! ,place ( ! ,/ory 9 ,e>ly ,education 7#j4ej1 po/age #f;c71 ,s>a ,e4 ,wiltse4 ,*ildr5's ,ways 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c71 ,sully4 ,k9d]g>t5 & ,*ild ,culture ,pap]s 7#c4ej1 po/age #bj;c71 ,b>n>d4 ,adolesc5ce 7#b vols41 #g4ej2 po/age #ef;c71 ,g4 ,/anley ,hall4 ,psy*ology & ,advanc$ ,! ,m9d ( ! ,*ild 7#b vols41 ea* #a4ej1 po/age #aj;c71 ,w4 ,prey]4 ,! ,intellectual & ,moral ,developm5t ( ! ,*ild 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,g4 ,compayre4 ,*ild ,/udy 7#a4be1 po/age #ad;c71 ,amy ,tann]4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,m9d 7#j4ce1 po/age #f;c71 ,j4 ,m>k ,baldw94 ,psy*ology 7,brief] ,c\rse1 #a4fj2 po/age #af;c4 ,advanc$ ,c\rse1 #b vols41 #d4hj2 po/age #dd;c71 ,james4 ,s*ool & ,society 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,john ,dewey4 ,emile 7#j4ij1 po/age #h;c71 ,r\sseau4 ,p$agogics ( ! ,k9d]g>t5 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,froebel4 ,education by ,developm5t 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,froebel4 ,k9d]g>t5 & ,*ild ,culture ,pap]s1 ,h5ry ,b>n>d4 ,lett]s to a ,"m on ! ,philosophy ( ,froebel 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,bl[4 ,/udies ( ,*ildhood 7#b4ej1 po/age #bj;c71 ,sully4 ,m5tal ,developm5t 7#a4ge1 po/age #af;c71 ,baldw94 ,education ( ,c5tral ,n]v\s ,sy/em 7#a4jj1 po/age #af;c71 ,halleck4 ,*ild ,obs]vations1 ,imitative ,symbolic ,education 7#a4ej1 po/age #ab;c71 ,bl[4 ,int]e/ z ,relat$ to ,w 7#j4be1 po/age #f;c71 ,dewey4 ,religi\s ,tra9+ ,*ri/ian ,nurture 7#a4be1 po/age #ab;c71 ,horace ,bu%nell4 ,on ,holy ,gr\nd 7#c4jj1 ,po/age #cj;c71 ,w4,l4 ,worce/]4 ,! ,psy*ology ( ,religion 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,e4,d4 ,/>buck4 ,! ,sex ,"q ,! ,song ( ,life 7#a4be1 po/age #ab;c71 ,m>g>et ,morley4 ,:at a ,"y ,boy ,ought to ,"k 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,rev4 ,sylvanus ,/all4 ,:at a ,"y ,girl ,ought to ,"k 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,rev4 ,sylvanus ,/all4 ,duties ( ,p>5ts to ,*ildr5 9 ,reg>d to ,sex 7#j4dj1 po/age #d;c71 ,rev4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,worce/]4 ,h[ to ,tell ! ,/ory ( ,reproduction to ,*ildr51 ,pamphlet #e;c2 ord] f ,mo!rs' ,union1 #cdjh ,h>rison ,/reet1 ,kansas city1 ,mo4 ,( ,g5]al ,int]e/ to ,mo!rs ,wilhelm ,mei/] 7#a4jj1 po/age #ad;c71 ,goe!4 ,/ory ( ,my ,life 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,hel5 ,kell]4 ,! ,ordeal ( ,ri*>d ,fev]il 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,george ,m]$i?4 ,up f ,slav]y 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,emmy ,l\ 7#a4ej1 ,po/age #ad;c71 ,mrs4 ,george ,madd5 ,m>t54 ,! ,gold5 ,age 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,k5ne? ,grahame4 ,dream ,days 7#a4jj1 po/age #aj;c71 ,k5ne? ,grahame4 ,9 ! ,morn+ ,gl[ 7#a4be1 ,po/age #ab;c71 ,roy ,rolf ,gilson4 ,man & ,8 ,h&iwork1 ,wood4 ,primitive ,indu/ry 7#e4jj1 po/age #dj;c71 ,abbott4 ,e ,day ,essays 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c71 ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 ,family ,secrets 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c71 ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 ,,books ,,= ,,*ildr5 ,fairy ,tales ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales 7#j4ej1 po/age #ad;c74 ,&rew ,lang's ,gre51 ,yell[1 ,blue & ,r$ ,fairy ,books 7ea* #j4ej1 po/age #ad;c74 ,hans ,*ri/ian ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales 7#j4ej1 portage #ad;c74 ,tanglewood ,tales 7#j4ge1 po/age #ad;c71 ,haw?orne4 ,! ,wond] ,book 7#j4ge1 po/age #ab;c71 ,haw?orne4 ,old ,fa%ion$ ,fairy ,tales by ,tom ,hood1 retold by ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 7,9 press47 ,adv5tures ( a ,br[nie1 by ,d9ah ,m>ia ,mulock ,craik4 ,edit$ by ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 7,9 press47 ,a ,few ,books = ,v>i\s ,ages ,wat] ,babies 7#j4ge1 po/age #ab;c71 ,*>les ,k+sley4 ,at ! ,back ( ! ,nor? ,w9d 7#j4ge1 po/age #ab;c71 ,george ,mc,donald4 ,little ,lame ,price 7#j4ej1 po/age #h;c71 ,d9ah ,m>ia ,mulock ,craik4 ,9 ! ,*ild ,_w 7#b4jj1 po/age #af;c71 ,emilie ,p\lson4 ,nature ,my?s 7#j4ce1 po/age #f;c71 ,flora ,j4 ,cooke4 ,%>p ,eyes 7#b4ej1 po/age #ah;c71 ,gibson4 ,/ories ,"m ,nature ,told 7#j4ej1 po/age #f;c71 ,jane ,&rew4 ,jungle ,books 7#b vols1 ea* #a4ej2 po/age #af;c71 ,kipl+4 ,j-,s ,/ories 7#a4bj1 po/age #ab;c71 ,kipl+4 ,music = ,*ildr5 ,f+] ,plays 7#a4be1 po/age #ab;c71 ,emilie ,p\lson4 ,fifty ,*ildr5's ,songs1 ,re9ecke4 ,songs ( ! ,*ild ,_w 7#b vols41 ea* #a4jj2 po/age #ab;c71 ,gaynor4 ,songs = ! ,*ildr5 7#b vols41 ea* #a4be2 po/age #ad;c71 ,eleanor ,smi?4 #cj ,select$ ,/udies 7,in/rum5tal71 7#a4ej1 po/age #ad;c71 ,hell]4 ,pictures = ,*ildr5 ,detaille ,pr9ts1 ,b\tet de ,monvil1 ,joan ( ,arc4 ,caldecott3 ,picture ,books 7#d vols41 ea* #a4be2 po/age #ab;c74 ,walt] ,crane3 ,picture ,books 7#a4be1 po/age #aj;c74 ,color$ illu/rations cut f magaz9es1 notably ^? drawn by ,h[>d ,pyle1 ,elizabe? ,%ipp5 ,gre5e1 & ,jessie ,wilcox ,smi?4 ,see articles 9 ,craftsman = ,decemb]1 #aijd1 ,febru>y & ,april1 #aije1 ,decorations = ,s*ool ,room & ,nurs]y4 ,note4--,books 9 ! above li/ may be pur*as$ ?r\gh ! ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,home ,economics at ! prices giv54 ,memb]s ( ! ,s*ool w receive /ud5ts' disc\nt4 ,program = ,supplem5tal ,"w on ! ,,/udy ,,( ,,*ild ,,life ,by ,m>ion ,fo/] ,wa%burne4 ,,meet+ ,i ,infancy4 7,/udy pages #c-be7 7a7 ,its ,mean+4 ,see ,fiske on ,! ,"p ,play$ by ,infancy 9 ! ,evolution ( ,man 9 ,a ,c5tury ( ,sci5ce 7#af;c74 7b7 ,g5]al ,laws ( ,progression4 ,see ,millic5t ,%9n's ,biography ( a ,baby 7#ab;c71 & ,w4 ,prey]'s ,! ,m9d ( ! ,*ild 7#bj;c74 ,give resumes ( ^! two books4 7c7 ,practical ,conclusions4 ,hold ,exp]i5ce ,meet+ to conclude aft]noon4 ,,meet+ ,,ii ,faults & ,_! ,rem$ies4 7,/udy pages #bf-eg7 7a7 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,moral ,tra9+4 ,read ,h]b]t ,sp5c] on ,education 7#ab;c71 *apt] on ,puni%m5t2 also call = quotations f ,h4,h4 ,jackson's ,bits ( ,talk ,ab\t ,home ,matt]s 7#aj;c74 7b7 ,corporal ,puni%m5t4 ,:y ,x ,is ,wrong4 7c7 ,positive ,v]sus ,negative ,moral ,tra9+4 ,read extracts f ,froebel's ,education ( ,man 7#ab;c71 & ,ri*t]'s ,levana 7#ab;c71 ,kate ,d\glas ,wigg9's ,*ildr5's ,rights 7#aj;c71 & ,elizabe? 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(1 #h ,willful *ild1 #cd ,will+ indu/ry1 #id ,w1 undiscipl9$1 #cj ,"w1 beautiful1 #if love (1 #ic ,wrapp+s1 extra1 #ba