,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 appropriate l9e l5g?1 "s tables h be5 transpos$1 i4e4 r[s are columns & vice v]sa4 ,,mission>y ,,survey ,,z ,,an ,,aid ,,to ,,intellig5t ,,co-,,op]ation ,,9 ,,=eign ,,missions ,,by ,,rol& ,,all51 ,m4,a4 ,,sometime ,s4,p4,g4 ,,mission>y ,,9 ,,nor? ,,*9a ,,au?or ,,( ,,mission>y ,,me?ods1 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,or ,,ours1 ,,etc4 ,,& ,,?omas ,,co*rane1 ,m4,b41 ,c4,m4 ,,late ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,union ,,m$ical ,,college1 ,,pek+1 ,,& ,,hon4 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,laym5',s ,,movem5t1 ,,london ,,mission>y ,,society #aibj ,,preface4 ,?is book1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,all51 be>s bo? our names because we /udi$ ! mat]ial toge!r1 & settl$ :at %\ld be includ$ & :at exclud$4 ,we discuss$ & disput$1 & f9ally f\nd ourselves 9 complete agreem5t4 ,we !re=e decid$ to issue ! book 9 our jo9t names1 on ! und]/&+ t ,i %\ld be all[$ to disclaim ! cr$it = writ+ x4 ,b ! book w\ld nev] h be5 writt5 at all save = ! inspiration & help ( ,mr4 ,s4,j4,w4 ,cl>k1 :o1 9 8 travels 9 ne>ly e mission field1 has br\ght an unusually acute m9d1 tra9$ by a long bus9ess exp]i5ce1 to be> ^u mission problems1 & has done m h>d ?9k+ on ! "q ( survey ?an any man we "k4 ,let anyone :o d\bts ! ne$ = survey /udy ! pres5t di/ribution ( mission>y =ces4 ,he w f9d little evid5ce ( any plan or me?od4 ,9 "o region ( ! _w !re are ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty mission>ies to a population ( ?ree millions1 :ile 9 ano!r area ) m ?an d\ble ! numb] ( p1 !re are only ab\t tw5ty mission>ies4 ,aft] travell+ 9 ! latt] region ,i ask$ "o ( ! s5ior work]s :at 9 8 op9ion w\ld be a l>ge en\gh =eign /aff1 & he indicat$ q a mod]ate addition to ! exi/+ =ce4 ,suppose ,i _h sugge/$ a total ( a hundr$ mission>ies1 he w\ld h decl>$ ! numb] f> too l>ge4 ,p]haps he 0 too mode/ 9 8 dem&s4 ,conditions 9 "o area diff] f ^? 9 ano!r4 ,b su* a wide diff]5ce 9 di/ribution & 9 dem&s makes ! ne$ ( survey to asc]ta9 facts & conditions absolutely imp]ative1 especially :5 we rememb] t to ! =ce ( f\r hundr$ & fifty 9 ! t]ritory ) ! small] population1 mission>ies w probably cont9ue to be add$ & unevangelis$ regions w h to wait4 ,aft] survey+ "o ( ! bett] /aff$ divisions ( ! mission field1 a mission>y decl>$ t n m mission>ies 7 ne$$1 b a m effective use ( ! =ce at "w2 & =tunately 9 t p>ticul> field c5tral direction is beg9n+ to secure t end4 ,b usually !re is no c5tral direction & no comp>ison ( plans betwe5 neighb\r+ missions on ! field1 al?\gh sev]al missions may be locat$ 9 ! same t[n or city2 & two ,mission ,h\ses 9 ,london may be almo/ next door neighb\rs1 & may h missions 9 ! same city 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 & may yet be entirely ignorant ( ea* o!r's plans = "w 9 t city4 ,!y might be rival bus9esses gu>d+ trade secrets6 ,h5ce x is n /range t :5 late 9 ! day a survey ( a city 9 ,*9a is made 9 :i* !re are ab\t two hundr$ mission>ies1 x is f\nd t n "o ( !m is giv+ full "t to evangeli/ic "w6 ,across ! city ( ,tokyo a l9e c\ld be drawn we/ ( :i* all ! =eign work]s live1 :ile ea/ ( x !re are n9e hundr$ & sixty ?\s& p )\t a s+le resid5t mission>y6 ,b n only is int]mission plann+1 bas$ on survey1 sadly lack+2 few missions h ?or\ghly survey$ _! own fields & _! own "w1 & few] /ill h survey$ !m 9 relation to ! "w ( o!rs4 ,! result is t policies are adopt$ & /affs increas$ 9 a way :i*--= all adm9i/rators "k to ! contr>y--may be add+ weight :]e x %\ld be dim9i%$1 & may be pil+ up exp5diture 9 ! wrong place4 ,x %\ld be po9t$ out1 h[ev]1 t survey is beg9n+ to come into its own4 ,x is be+ m & m realis$ t x %\ld be ! basis ( all co-op]ative "w1 & ! survey ( ,*9a n[ ne>+ completion places t c\ntry 9 a premi] position z f> z a f\ndation = wise build+ is conc]n$4 ,rec5tly 9 ,london1 neighb\r+ ,mission ,h\ses h be5 gett+ into t\* ) ea* o!r1 & ! ,conf]5ce ( ,briti% ,mission>y ,societies & ! analog\s body 9 ,am]ica h made conf]5ce betwe5 missions frequ5t & fruitful4 ,b !re is a long way yet to travel be=e we c h t compreh5sive plann+ :i* ! pres5t _w situation imp]atively & urg5tly dem&s4 ,b j z neighb\r+ missions %\ld get to "k ab\t ea* o!r's "w & plans 9 ord] t funds may be sp5t mo/ effectively2 s a _w survey is necess>y if ! comm& ( ,*ri/ is to be adequately obey$4 ,! unit is ! _w1 & survey 9 pat*es may misdirect money :i* w\ld h be5 sp5t diff]5tly if ! :ole ne$ _h be5 be=e ! eyes ( ^? :o are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( adm9i/ration4 ,we make bold to affirm t no ,society c be sure t x is sp5d+ ! money entru/$ to x wisely unless x has a satisfactory sy/em ( survey 9 op]ation1 a sy/em :i* takes acc\nt n only ( its own "w b also ( ! "w ( o!rs4 ,we g fur!r & say t ! *ances are ! money is n br++ ! maximum return4 ,:5 _w ne$ is s va/ x is "t to *all5ge a reason$ contradiction ( ?is ass]tion4 ,if ea* ,society did :at 9 ju/ice to its con/itu5cy x ought to d1 a survey ( an area su* z a prov9ce or a c\ntry w\ld be an easy task1 & a survey ( ! _w w\ld be nei!r difficult nor exp5sive1 & aft] all1 until we "k ! :ole1 we _c intellig5tly adm9i/] ! "p4 ,! mission>y ent]prise waits = ! m5 :o w take ! compreh5sive view & become lead]s 9 ! greate/ & mo/ fundam5tal task ( all "t4 ,until ^! lead]s appe>1 mission "w1 = ^? :o seek to und]/& x z a _w ent]prise1 w1 z a layman said rec5tly1 rema9 worse ?an a jigsaw puzzle6 ,,?os4 ,,co*rane4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,a ,,dom9ant ,,purpose4 ,! mod]n dem& = intellig5t co-op]ation ,! same dem& 9 relation to ,=eign ,missions ,! ne$ = a def9ition ( purpose ,! failure ( our pres5t reports 9 ?is respect ,is def9ition ( purpose desirable8 ,x is necess>y = =mulation ( policy ,societies ) limit$ incomes _c af=d to pursue e good object ,! admission ( div]se purposes has blurr$ ! purpose ( ,m$ical ,missions ,! admission ( div]se purposes has confus$ ! adm9i/ration ( ,educational ,missions ,! admission ( div]se purposes has di/ract$ ,evangeli/ic ,missions ,h5ce ! abs5ce ( unity 9 ! "w ,h5ce ! t5d5cy to support details r ?an ! :ole ,! ne$ = a dom9ant purpose & expression ( relations ,! ne$ = a /atem5t ( factors :i* gov]n action ,! ne$ = a mission>y survey :i* expresses ! facts 9 relation ,?is dem& is n unreasonable ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,prelim9>y ,,consid]ations4 #a4 ,all survey is prop]ly gov]n$ by ! purpose = :i* x is made ,! purpose decides :at is to be includ$1 :at exclud$ ,a sci5tific survey is a survey ( select$ factors ,?is is n to be confus$ ) ! collection ( facts to prove a !ory ,! collection ( facts is indep5d5t ( ! conclusions :i* may be drawn #b4 ,! survey propos$ is a mission>y survey ,! diff]5ce betwe5 m$ical & educational surveys & mission>y survey #c4 ,! survey propos$ is design$ to embrace ! "w ( all ,societies #d4 ,def9ition ( aim necess>ily sugge/s a policy ,we h n hesitat$ to set out t policy ,we make criticism easy #e4 ,survey %\ld provide facts 9 relation to an aim1 s z to guide action #f4 ,tw(old aspect ( survey--survey ( /ate1 survey ( position ,survey is !re=e a cont9ual process #g4 ,possible objections to me?od propos$-- 7i7 ,! in=mation ask$ = /ati/ical ,all bus9ess & organis$ ef=t is bas$ on /ati/ics ,e ,society publi%es /ati/ics 7ii7 ,! admission ( e/imates ,! value ( e/imates 7iii7 ,! difficulty ( _m small tables ,:y burd5 ! mission>y ) ! work+ out ( proportions8 ,! tables %\ld assi/ ! mission>y 9 *>ge 7iv7 ,! objection t we _c obta9 all ! in=mation ,p>tial k ! guide ( all human action 7v7 ,! tables conta9 items at pres5t unkn[n ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,/ation ,,& ,,its ,,di/rict4 ,! ,"w to be ,done1 & ! ,=ce to ,d x4 ,we beg9 ) survey ( ! /ation & its di/rict ,if ! /ation exi/s to e/abli% ! ,*ur* 9 a def9ite area !n we c survey on a t]ritorial basis ,! def9ition ( ! area involves a policy ,i4 ,:5 ! area is def9$ we c di/+ui% "w done & "w to be done1 9 t]ms ( cities1 t[ns1 & villages2 9 t]ms ( population ,! mean+ ( ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy ,! reasons = adopt+ x ,example ( table1 & ( ! impression produc$ by x ,example ( value ( proportions ,tables ( proportions ,! difficulty ( procur+ ?is in=mation ,! value ( ! lab\r exp5d$ 9 procur+ x ,,ii4 ,! =ce at "w ,! p]man5t & transitory elem5ts 7a7 ,! =eign =ce ,! use ( m]ely quantitative expressions ,su* tables ess5tial = decid+ que/ions ( re9=cem5t 7b7 ,! native =ce ,reasons = putt+ total ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy 9 ! fir/ place ,! ,communicants4 ,! paid work]s4 ,! unpaid work]s ,! difficulty 9 ?is classification ,! int]e/ ( ^! tables lies 9 ! proportions ,summ>y ,b we ne$ to "k some?+ ( capacity ( ! native =ce 7#a7 ,proportion ( ,communicants ,! importance ( ?is proportion 9 itself ,9 relation to ! "w to be done 7#b7 ,proportion ( paid work]s to ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy & to ,communicants ,! difficulty ( appreciat+ ! mean+ ( ?is proportion ,x mu/ be *eck$ by 7a7 ! proportion ( unpaid volunt>y work]s 7b7 ,! /&>d ( weal? 7#c7 ,! contribution to mission>y "w 9 lab\r & money 7#d7 ,! lit]acy ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy ,! importance ( widespread k ( ! ,bible ,! importance ( ,*ri/ians hav+ a wid] k ?an _! hea!n neighb\rs ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,emphasis ,,laid ,,^u ,,diff]5t ,,types ,,( ,,"w4 ,i4 ,"w among/ m5 & wom5 respectively ,we fir/ di/+ui% m51 wives1 & s+le wom5 among ! ,=eign ,mission>ies ,! reasons = apply+ ! di/9ction betwe5 m5 & wom5 to ! ,native ,=ce ,,ii4 ,! diff]5t classes 9 ! population *iefly rea*$ by ! mission ,,iii ,! diff]5t races & religions ,emphasis ^u "o class or race or religion is no prop] basis = adv]se criticism ( ! mission ,,iv4 ,! emphasis laid on evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 & educational "w respectively ,! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ m$ical1 educational1 & evangeli/ic mission>ies ,! reason :y grades ne$ n "h be di/+ui%$ ,v4 ,sunday ,s*ools-- ,! div]se "* ( ,sunday ,s*ools ,! table propos$ ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,m$ical ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,/ation ,,di/rict4 ,! t5d5cy to treat m$ical & educational "w z di/9ct f evangeli/ic ,m$ical & educational bo>ds & _! surveys ,! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! aim ( ! m$ical mission ,fir/ ( m$ical missions z design$ to meet a di/9ct m$ical ne$ ,two tables design$ to pres5t ! m$ical =ce 9 relation to area & population ,! necessity ( consid]+ non-mission>y m$ical "w 9 ?is connection ,! ext5t ( ! "w done 9 ! ye> ,!n ( ! m$ical mission z design$ to assi/ evangeli/ic "w 7i7 ,! ext5t to :i* evangeli/s "w ) ! m$icals ,caution z reg>ds ! use ( ?is table 7ii7 ,! ext5t to :i* m$icals assi/ ! evangeli/s outside ! in/itutions 7iii7 ,! ext5t to :i* ! evangeli/ic influ5ce ( ! hospital c be trac$ ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,educational ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,/ation ,,di/rict4 ,! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! aim ( educational missions ,! difficulty pres5t$ by diff]5t grades & /&>ds ,! reason = exclud+ ,colleges & ,normal ,s*ools at ?is /age ,fir/ ( ! educational mission z design$ to meet a di/9ct educational ne$ ,two tables design$ to pres5t ! educational "w 9 relation to area & population ,! necessity ( consid]+ non-mission>y educational "w ,! exi/5ce ( non-mission>y s*ools may ei!r increase ! ne$ = mission>y s*ools or decrease x ,! ext5t to :i* education is provid$ = ! bett] educat$ & ! m illit]ate ,! ext5t to :i* education is provid$ = boys & girls1 = ,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian s*ol>s ,! ext5t to :i* mission s*ools receive ,gov]nm5t grants ?r[s light on _! "* & purpose ,! ext5t to :i* education is provid$ = illit]ate adults ,! importance ( ?is ,! importance ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ,*ri/ians & non-,*ri/ians 9 ?is table ,!n ( ! educational mission z design$ to assi/ evangeli/ic "w 7i7 ,! ext5t to :i* evangeli/s "w ) ! educationali/s 9 s*ools ,caution ne$$ 9 ! use ( ?is table 7ii7 ,! ext5t to :i* educationali/s "w ) evangeli/s outside s*ools ,! importance ( ! "w done by educationali/s outside ! s*ools 7iii7 ,! imm$iate evangeli/ic results ( education giv5 ,! difficulty ,! table propos$ ,! support giv5 by ! ,natives to m$ical & educational "w ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,co-,,op]ation4 ,! importance ( ! relation betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! mission ,! relations already express$ 9 e>li] tables ,! *ief difficulty lies 9 ! relation%ip betwe5 m$icals & educationali/s ,! importance ( m$ical "w 9 s*ools ,! table %[+ ! "w ( m$icals 9 connection ) s*ools ,! importance ( educational "w 9 hospitals ,! table %[+ ! "w ( educationali/s 9 hospitals ,summ>y ( co-op]ation betwe5 evangeli/s1 m$icals1 & educationali/s ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,native ,,*ur*4 ,! end ( ! /ation1 a ,native ,*ur* ,?is end a condition into :i* ! ,*ur* mu/ be gr[+ ,survey mu/ !re=e deal ) ! ,native ,*ur* ,! reason = beg9n+ ) self-support ,! mean+ ( self-support+ ,*ur*es ,9 r>e cases x means indep5d5ce ( ext]nal support ,9 mo/ cases x means atta9m5t ( an arbitr>y /&>d ,9 mo/ cases x does n repres5t ! p[] ( ! p to supply _! own ne$s ,9 mo/ cases x is n sure evid5ce ( gr[+ lib]ality ,nev]!less we mu/ beg9 by consid]+ ! self-support+ ,*ur*es ,we ask = proportion ( self-support+ ,*ur*es ,?is w n reveal ! p[] ( ! ,*ur*es to /& alone ,we inquire !n ! proportion ( inquir]s 9 self-support+ ,*ur*es ,we inquire !n ! proportion ( unpaid work]s 9 self-support+ ,*ur*es ,:]e self-support+ ,*ur*es are n recognis$ we inquire-- 7i7 ,p[] ( ,*ri/ians to conduct _! own s]vices 7ii7 ,p[] to ord] ,*ur* gov]nm5t 7iii7 ,p[] to provide exp5ses ( ,*ur* organisation ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,survey ,,( ,,di/ricts ,,:]e ,,two ,,or ,,m ,,societies ,,are ,,at ,,"w4 ,,survey ,,( ,,missions ,,) ,,no ,,def9$ ,,di/ricts4 ,i4 ,! possibility ( unit$ survey by mission>ies ( two or m ,societies ,! evil ( ignor+ ! "w ( o!rs ,survey is conc]n$ ) facts n ) ecclesia/ical prejudices ,! difficulty ( obta9+ ! facts ,! use ( e/imates ,,ii4 ,! mission :i* has no def9$ di/rict--,a g5]al expression ( ! purpose ( su* a mission ,9 its wide/ t]ms survey ( ! "w ( su* a mission w\ld involve survey ( ! :ole /ate ( society ,9 its n>r[] t]ms x is survey ( a mission e/abli%+ a ,*ur* ,9 ?is case mo/ ( ! prec$+ tables c\ld be us$1 omitt+ proportions to area & population ,!n we c\ld see =ce at "w ,!n we c\ld see =ms ( "w ,!n we c\ld place ! mission 9 a survey ( ! ,c\ntry ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,"w ,,9 ,a ,,prov9ce4 ,! mission /ation is n an isolat$ unit ,! relation%ip ( /ation ) /ation is recognis$ ,s ! relation%ip ( all missions 9 a c\ntry is recognis$ ,we c !n consid] ! "w ( a mission /ation 9 relation to all mission "w done 9 ! ,prov9ce or ,c\ntry ,consid]$ 9 relation to ! l>g] area1 impressions produc$ by ! e>li] tables may h to be revis$ ,! fir/ necessity is to ga9 a view ( ! :ole "w 9 ! ,c\ntry ,! difficulty pres5t$ by capitals & o!r l>ge cities ,i4 ,! items propos$ z necess>y = su* a g5]al view-- 7#a7 ,! "w to be done2 a b>e quantitative expression 9 t]ms ( population1 p]haps also 9 t]ms ( cities1 t[ns1 & villages unoccupi$ ,?is expression ought n to sugge/ t ! "w to be done is to be done by ! =eign]s 7#b7 ,! ,=eign ,=ce at "w 9 relation to ! "w to be done is l>g] ?an t pres5t$ by returns f all mission /ations ,! ,native ,=ce also is m ?an ! sum ( ! /ation di/rict returns 7#c7 ,diff]5t =ms ( "w2 "o table reveal+ proportion ( ,mission>ies1 ,native ,work]s1 ,=eign ,funds1 & ,native ,contributions employ$ 9 diff]5t =ms ( "w ,"o table ( results ,a s]i\s flaw 9 ?is table 7#d7 ,! ext5t to :i* diff]5t classes1 etc41 are rea*$4 ,"o table includ+ ! /ation returns ) ! addition ( special missions :i* "w among special classes 9 ! :ole ,prov9ce or ,c\ntry 7#e7 ,self-support4 ,"o table %[+ ! relation ( ! native contribution to ! total sal>ies ( all paid native evangeli/ic work]s ,,ii4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ tables ( /ud5ts 9 tra9+ = diff]5t =ms ( mission "w ,fir/ ! relative proportion ( /ud5ts 9 tra9+ = diff]5t types ( "w ,!n ( ea* m p>ticul>ly-- 7#a7 ,evangeli/ic ,confusion ( nom5clature prev5ts m ?an a r\gh classification 7#b7 ,educational3 divid$ r\ghly into f\r classes 7#c7 ,m$ical3 divid$ into ?ree classes ,^! tables are prophetic ( l9e ( advance 9 ! ne> future ,! "q ( p]sev]ance ,,iii4 ,!n ! ,educational ,in/itutions exclud$ f ! di/rict survey mu/ be add$ to ! sum ( ! /ation returns to %[ ! relation ( ! educational "w to ! population ( ! l>g] area ,! importance ( ! relation ( ! high] to ! l[] grade in/itutions ,! educational "w ( non-mission>y ag5cies mu/ also be consid]$ ,,iv4 ,m$ical "w ne$s only ! addition ( prov9cial hospitals & non-mission>y m$ical "w ,v4 ,two o!r subjects claim att5tion "h1 lit]ature & indu/rial "w ,! difficulty ( deal+ ) lit]ature4 ,x ne$s special treatm5t ,two brief tables sugge/$ ,! difficulty ( deal+ ) indu/rial "w /ill great] ,= indu/rial missions1 o!r ?an ^? :i* are really educational1 we sugge/ ?ree tables ,,vi4 ,union "w ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,/ation ,,to ,,! ,,_w4 ,a _w-wide "w c only be conduct$ on _w-wide pr9ciples ,^! _w-wide pr9ciples mu/ gov]n ! "w 9 e "p1 h[ev] small ,no c\ntry1 h[ev] l>ge1 c be an isolat$ unit f mission>y po9t ( view ,h[ %all we ga9 a view ( ?is l>ge :ole8 ,we sugge/ t f\r tables w\ld suffice = our purpose3-- 7#a7 ,a table %[+ ! =ce at "w 9 relation to population 7#b7 ,a table design$ to reveal some?+ ( ! "* & p[] ( ! =ce 7#c7 ,a table %[+ ! relative /r5g? exp5d$ 9 evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 & educational "w 7#d7 ,a table %[+ ! ext5t to :i* ! native ,*ri/ians support exi/+ "w ,?is is only a t5tative sugge/ion propos$ to invite criticism ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,a ,,dom9ant ,,purpose4 ,x is a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( our age t e appeal = an expression ( en]gy %\ld be an intellectual appeal4 ,emotional appeals are ( c\rse made1 & made ) trem5d\s =ce1 b1 ) ! emotional appeal1 an emphasis is laid to-day ^u ! intellectual appreh5sion ( ! mean+ ( ! ef=t dem&$ :i* is some?+ q new to u4 ,soldi]s 9 ! ranks h ! objective ( _! attack expla9$ to !m1 & ?is explanation has a great influ5ce ov] ! "* & quality ( ! ef=t :i* !y put =?4 ,lab\r]s dem& & expect e day a l>g] & full] und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( ! "w :i* !y are ask$ to p]=m4 ,!y ne$ to enjoy ! intellectual appreh5sion ( ! l>g] aspects ( ! "w1 & ! relation ( _! own detail$ op]ations to ^? l>g] aspects2 & x is commonly recognis$ t ! und]/&+ ( ! mean+ & purpose ( ! detail ^u :i* ea* op]ative may be engag$ is a mo/ p[]ful inc5tive to good "w4 ,9 ! pa/ lead]s reli$ m ^u implicit1 unreason+ ob$i5ce1 support$ (t5 by affection = ! lead]'s own "*1 & pr(\nd tru/ 9 8 wisdom1 & a g5]al hope ( advantage = ea* individual :o c>ri$ out ord]s unhesitat+ly & exactly2 b !y did n ?9k x necess>y1 or ev5 desirable1 t ! common work]s %\ld und]/& _! plans & act 9 intellig5t co-op]ation ) !m3 to-day1 intellig5t co-op]ation is priz$ z x has nev] be5 priz$ be=e1 & its value is realis$ z x has nev] be5 realis$ be=e4 ,if ?is is true 9 ! _w ( arms1 ( lab\r1 ( comm]ce1 x is equally true 9 ! _w ( =eign missions4 ,! common work]1 ! subscrib]1 ! daily lab\r]1 is beg9n+ to dem& t he %all be all[$ to take an intellig5t "p 9 ! "w1 & mission>y lead]s are beg9n+ to see ! importance ( secur+ intellig5t co-op]ation4 ,9 ! pa/ ! appeal has be5 r to bl9d ob$i5ce1 & imm5se /ress has be5 laid ^u ! comm&2 ! appeal has be5 to ! emotions1 & love = ,*ri/1 love = ! s\ls ( m51 hope ( et]nal bless+s1 hope ( ! com+ ( ! ,k+dom1 & 7= direction ( ! "w7 tru/ 9 ! wisdom ( great mission>y lead]s or committees1 h be5 ?\ght suffici5t to inspire all to put =? _! be/ ef=ts2 b to-day1 z 9 ! lab\r _w1 z 9 comm]ce1 z 9 ! army1 s 9 ! _w ( missions1 ! intellect is tak+ a new place4 ,m5 want to und]/& :y & h[ _! "w assi/s t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( ! goal1 !y want to "k :at !y are do+1 !y want to und]/& ! plan & to see _! "w influ5c+ ! accompli%m5t ( ! plan4 ,x is no d\bt true t ! dem& = intellig5t co-op]ation1 bo? on ! "p ( ! subscrib]s & work]s on ! "o side & ( ! great lead]s & bo>ds ( directors on ! o!r1 is at pres5t slight1 weak1 unc]ta9 & hesitat+2 b x is already beg9n+ to make itself felt1 & mu/ increase4 ,c]ta9ly x is true t ! support ( a v l>ge body ( m5 is lo/ because !y h nev] yet be5 able to und]/& ! "w ( =eign missions4 ,!y are accu/om$ 9 _! daily bus9ess to "k :at !y are driv+ at1 & to relate _! action to def9ite ends2 & !y h n se5 =eign missions direct$ to ! atta9m5t ( def9ite ends4 ,!y h n se5 9 !m any cle> dom9ant purpose to :i* !y c\ld relate ! manifold activities ( ! mission>ies :om !y 7 ask$ to support2 & !y _c give to ! vague & *aotic t support :i* !y might give to "w :i* !y saw cle>ly to be direct$ to ! atta9m5t ( a great goal :i* !y desir$ by a policy :i* !y und]/ood4 ,! attitude ( ^! m5 is ! attitude ( ^? :o await an intellig5t appeal to _! intellig5ce4 ,= a true und]/&+ ( =eign missions x is necess>y fir/ t _! aim & object %\ld be cle>ly def9$4 ,)\t su* a def9ition intellig5t co-op]ation is impossible4 ,unless ! objective is und]/ood m5 _c e/imate ! value ( _! "w4 ,!y _c trace progress unless !y c see cle>ly ! end to be atta9$2 !y _c zeal\sly support action unless !y are p]suad$ t ! action is truly design$ to atta9 ! def9$ end4 ,!re may inde$ be _m subord9ate objects1 & m5 may be ask$ to "w = ! atta9m5t ( any "o ( ^!1 b !re ought to be "o f9al end & purpose :i* gov]ns all1 & intellig5t co-op]ation involves ! appreciation ( ! relation betwe5 ! subord9ate & ! f9al end4 ,consequ5tly if _m objects are set be=e u1 z !y are 9 our =eign missions1 x is ess5tial t ^! _m purposes & objects %\ld be pres5t$ to u n simply z ends to be atta9$1 b 9 _! relation to "o ano!r & 9 _! relation to ! f9al end :i* ! directors ( our missions h cle>ly be=e _! eyes4 ,n[ x is j at ?is po9t t we fail to atta9 satisfaction4 ,all societies publi% reports & /ati/ics1 b ! reports & /ati/ics d n provide u ) any cle> & intelligible acc\nt ( progress t[>ds any def9ite end4 ,!y seem r design$ to attract & to appeal to our sympa?y ?an to satisfy our intellig5ce4 ,!y set be=e u all k9ds ( "w unrelat$1 indef9ite1 *angeable1 & *ang+ f ye> to ye>1 z ?\gh ! compil]s select$ f ! lett]s ( mission>ies any /rik+ /atem5ts :i* !y ?\ght w\ld attract support 9 !mselves & by !mselves4 ,no goal is set be=e u1 & ! progress t[>ds t goal /eadily trac$ f ye> to ye>2 /ill less is ! relation betwe5 ! diff]5t me?ods & means employ$ to atta9 ea* subord9ate objective express$ s t we c see1 n only :at progress ea* is mak+ t[>ds its own imm$iate end1 b :at is ! effective value ( all toge!r t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( a f9al end to :i* !y all contribute4 ,b w\ld n ! def9ition ( "o great end or purpose h9d] u8 ,are n all ! great ends :i* we set be=e ourselves indef9ite en\gh to include a ho/ ( diff]5t & mutually sep>ate & ev5 occasionally incompatible subsidi>y objects1 aims1 & me?ods8 ,w\ld n ! rigid def9ition ( ! aim ( our =eign missions1 by exclud+ a great _m legitimate aims & me?ods1 weak5 & begg> our missions1 :i* are /rong 9 proportion z !y admit all sorts ( diff]5t aims & me?ods8 ,!re are m5 :o speak & act z if !y ?\ght s1 & 9 consequ5ce welcome z a prop] "p ( ! mission>y programme all ,*ri/ian1 social1 & political activities4 ,any?+1 !y ?9k1 :i* makes = ! amelioration ( life1 ev]y?+ :i* t5ds to enlight5 & uplift ! bodies1 ! s\ls1 & ! m9ds ( m51 is a prop] object = ! mission>y to pursue1 & ! mission>y %\ld assi/ e movem5t t[>ds a high] life 9 ! hea!n community z well z 9 ! ,*ri/ian1 & %\ld introduce e me?od & plan1 indu/rial1 social1 or political1 lit]>y1 or arti/ic1 :i* t5ds to ennoble ! life ( m54 ,x may be s4 ,x may be true t ! introduction ( ev]y?+ :i* t5ds to uplift & enlight5 is a prop] object = mission>y activity1 b we v5ture to argue n all at once1 9 ! same place1 nor ev5 any "o ( !m at ! :im ( any mission>y at any "t1 any:]e4 ,nor all 9 ! same ord]4 ,!re is a m & a less important4 ,& we d urge t if we are to take an intellig5t "p 9 =eign missions & to give ^? missions intellig5t support1 we mu/ "k :at is ! m important & :at ! less4 ,we are told t ! duty ( ! =eign mission is to br+ all nations into ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 & t all ! nations means all ! p ( all ! nations1 & all ! capacities1 p[]s1 & activities ( all ! p ( all ! nations1 individually & collectively1 & t any "w :i* t5ds to br+ any "p ( ! collective action ( any non-,*ri/ian p "u ! direction ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples is1 !re=e1 ! prop] "w ( ! mission>y1 & t ! mo/ important is ! p>ticul> social1 indu/rial1 or political s*eme :i* ! mission>y :o is address+ u believes to be ! press+ ne$ ( ! mom5t 9 8 di/rict4 ,s long z =eign missions are pres5t$ to u 9 t way1 s long z any mission may s]ve any purpose1 we _c possibly take any intellig5t %>e 9 =eign missions z a :ole4 ,we are lo/4 ,we _c co-ord9ate 9 ?\ght ! activities ( ! missions1 z we see pla9ly t !y are n co-ord9at$ 9 action 9 ! field itself4 ,& x is practically impossible = u to imag9e t ! missions are direct$ on any ?\ght-out policy1 because a policy seems to involve necess>ily ! sub-ord9ation ( ! aim deem$ to be less important to ano!r :i* is deem$ to be m important1 & ! less or ! m mu/ dep5d1 n ^u p]sonal pr$ilections1 b ^u clos5ess ( relation to "s "o dom9ant idea2 &1 !re=e1 ! def9ition ( ! dom9ant idea is ! fir/ necessity = ! e/abli%m5t ( a reasonable mission>y policy4 ,to "s m9ds ! idea ( a policy 9 connection ) missions seems to be abhorr5t2 b c a society ) an income ( some?+ betwe5 half & a qu>t] ( a million p\nds1 or ev5 less1 af=d to aim at e type & =m ( mission>y activity8 ,is x n necess>y t x %\ld "k & express to itself1 to its mission>ies1 & to its support]s :at =ms ( activity x deems ess5tial1 :at less important1 :at aims x w pursue ) all its /r5g?1 & :at x w refuse to pursue at all8 ,x _c af=d to pursue e good or desirable object :i* x may meet 9 its c\rse4 ,x mu/ h a dom9ant purpose :i* really controls its op]ations1 & =ces x to set aside "s great & noble actions because !y are n s closely relat$ to ! dom9ant purpose z "s o!r4 ,a society ) ! limit$ res\rces :i* mo/ ( u lam5t _c d ev]y?+4 ,9 m$ic9e x _c af=d to aim at a /rictly evangeli/ic use ( its m$ical missions & at a use :i* is n /rictly evangeli/ic4 ,we he> m5 talk sometimes z if x 7 ! bus9ess ( a mission>y society to und]take ! task ( heal+ ! physical afflictions ( ! p almo/ 9 ! same s5se z x is ! bus9ess ( a mission>y society to seek to heal _! s\ls4 ,we he> !m talk sometimes z if x 0 ! duty ( a mission>y society to supplant ! native m$ical practice by we/]n m$ical sci5ce z surely z x is _! bus9ess to supplant idolatry by ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,& ! tol]ance ( ^! ideas has c]ta9ly influ5c$ ! direction ( missions4 ,! evangeli/ic value ( m$ical missions has n be5 ! "o dom9ant direct+ pr9ciple 9 _! adm9i/ration1 & ! consequ5ces h be5 confusion ( aim & wa/e ( p[]4 ,nor has any o!r dom9ant purpose tak5 control2 no o!r purpose1 philan?ropic1 social1 or economic1 ev] w take control s long z ! va/ majority ( ! support]s ( =eign missions are p ^: "o real desire is ! salvation ( m5 9 ,*ri/4 ,b ! admission ( ano!r purpose has blurr$ ! aim4 ,because !y h be5 pione]s 9 education1 missions e>n l>ge praise & n 9-consid]able support f gov]nors & philan?ropi/s2 b !y h sometimes paid = ^! praises & grants de>ly 9 confusion ( aim4 ,_m ( !m />t$ ) ! int5tion ( relat+ _! educational "w v closely to _! evangeli/ic "w2 b because ! evangeli/ic idea 0 n dom9ant1 a gov]nm5t grant sometimes l$ ! educational mission f> f its fir/ objective4 ,simil>ly1 ! e/abli%m5t ( great educational in/itutions alt]$ ! :ole policy ( a mission ov] v l>ge areas1 because no dom9ant purpose controll$ ! action ( ! mission au?orities4 ,! in/itutions dem&$ su* l>ge support1 f9ancial & p]sonal1 t :5 once !y _h be5 f\nd$ !y t5d$ to draw into !mselves a v l>ge proportion ( ! be/ m5 :o jo9$ ! mission4 ,9 ?is way a great educational in/itution has (t5 alt]$ ! policy ( a mission to an ext5t :i* its orig9al f\nd]s nev] anticipat$1 & a mission :i* 0 design$ prim>ily to be an evangeli/ic mission has be5 compell$ n only to *eck advance1 b ev5 to )draw its evangeli/ic work]s & to close its out/ations4 ,b t 0 n ! int5tion ( ! f\nd]s ( ! in/itution4 ,! difficulty arose because !re 0 no dom9ant purpose :i* gov]n$ ! direction ( ! mission4 ,!re 0 no purpose s /rong & cle> t x c\ld prev5t ! f\ndation (1 or close :5 f\nd$1 an in/itution :i* 0 lead+ x f> f its prim>y object4 ,aga9 x is notori\s t :at we call ! "w ( ! evangeli/ic mission>y is s manifold & v>iegat$ t x includes e k9d ( activity1 e sort ( social & economic re=m4 ,our evangeli/ic mission>ies are busy ab\t ev]y?+1 f it9]ant prea*+ to ! e/abli%m5t ( banks & asylums4 ,c we af=d x8 ,:at purpose is dom9ant1 :at aim really gov]ns ! policy ( ^? :o s5d out evangeli/ic mission>ies8 ,:at decides ! =m ( _! "w & ! me?od by :i* !y pursue x8 ,x is h>d to guess1 x is h>d to discov]1 x is h>d to und]/&4 ,n[ :5 our missions are pres5t$ to u & we are ask$ to support !m on all sorts ( gr\nds1 z ?\gh a society ) its slight funds c\ld really successfully practise e k9d ( philan?ropic "w1 we beg9 to d\bt :e!r x c really be wisely guid$4 ,ea* mission /ation1 ea* in/itution1 seems to be an isolat$ fragm5t4 ,! mission>y 9 *>ge (t5 appeals to u z an exce$+ly good & able man1 & we support him1 & we support ! society :i* s5ds him & o!rs l him4 ,& we call ?is ! support ( =eign missions2 b =eign missions z a unity we d n support because we c see no unity4 ,! directors ( =eign missions appe> n to h hit*$ _! wagon to a />1 b r to all ! visible />s1 & we _c tell :i!r !y are go+4 ,s we fall back on ! individual mission>y1 or ! isolat$ mission :i* at any rate = ! mom5t seems to h an intelligible objective4 ,h5ce ! common conception ( mission>y "w z small4 ,we look at ! p>ts1 & ! smalle/ p>ts1 because our m9ds in/9ctively seek a unity1 & only 9 ! p>ts d we f9d a unity1 nor !re (t51 unless we conc5trate our att5tion on "o aspect ( ! "w4 ,b by ?9k+ ( =eign missions 9 ?is small way & speak+ ( !m 9 ?is small way1 we ali5ate m5 :o are accu/om$ to ?9k 9 l>ge t]ms ( l>ge und]tak+s design$ on l>ge policies4 ,:at we ne$ to-day is to und]/& =eign missions z a :ole4 ,we want to take an intellig5t "p 9 !m view$ z a unity4 ,we want to "k :at is ! gr& objective & h[ ! p>ts are relat$ to t end4 ,we d n want m]ely to support ?is mission because ?is mission>y appeals to u2 we want to "k :at dom9ant purpose gov]ns ! activities ( ! diff]5t societies1 directs1 & controls !m1 decid+ :at "w good & excell5t 9 itself ! mission _c af=d to und]take1 :at x c & mu/ d ) ! means at its disposal 9 ord] to atta9 an end :i* x has delib]ately adopt$4 ,we ne$ m1 we ne$ to "k on :at pr9ciples ! mission>ies are s5t "h or !re4 ,we ne$ to "k :at facts mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation be=e any mission1 evangeli/ic1 educational1 or m$ical1 is plant$ 9 any place1 :at facts decide ! "q :e!r "w is begun1 or re9=cem5ts s5t1 to ?is place r ?an to t4 ,x is n en\gh to be assur$ t !re is a ne$4 ,!re is ne$ ev]y:]e4 ,we _c supply all ne$2 b we c h "s settl$ & cle> judgm5t :at facts ought to weigh ) u1 :at in=mation we mu/ possess be=e we c decide prop]ly :e!r ! claim ( ?is place is m urg5t ?an ! claim ( t4 ,we ought to h same basis ( comp>ison4 ,! m]e appeal ( an e>ne/ & devot$ man1 ! m]e clam\r ( a body ( m51 ! m]e insi/5ce ( a p]sev]+ man1 is n suffici5t to guide u aright4 ,! m]e (f] ( "s support] to provide a build+ ought n to suffice4 ,acceptance ( ! (f] may alt] ! :ole balance & "* ( ! mission4 ,we ought to "k :at facts mu/ be consid]$ & h[4 ,we ne$ !re=e a reason$ /atem5t ( ! "w ( our =eign missions express$ z a unity1 :i* sets =? ! "w actually done 9 diff]5t dep>tm5ts %[+ _! relation "o to ano!r & ! relation ( all to a dom9ant object4 ,9 o!r words1 :at we ne$ is a survey ( ! mission>y situation 9 ! _w 9 t]ms ( ^! relation%ips4 ,x may be said t su* a claim is outrage\s & impossible2 b we are p]suad$ t ) our pres5t enlight5m5t1 ) ! means ( k :i* we n[ possess1 we c\ld1 if we ?\ght x wor? :ile1 lay our h&s on ! necess>y in=mation4 ,our firm conviction is t1 if we did t1 & set out ! results ( our exam9ation 9 a =m intelligible to ?\ghtful laym51 we %\ld obta9 ! support ( a great numb] ( m5 to :om =eign missions at pres5t appe> z no?+ b ! ill-organis$1 fragm5t>y & indef9ite ef=ts ( pi\s p to propagate _! peculi> s*emes = ! bett]m5t ( humanity4 ,)\t "s su* /atem5t we d n "k h[ anyone c take an intellig5t1 ?\gh he may take a s5tim5tal1 int]e/ 9 =eign missions4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,prelim9>y ,,consid]ations4 #a4 ,we ne$ a survey ( ! mission>y situation 9 ! _w :i* w express ! facts 9 t]ms ( ! relation%ips betwe5 ! diff]5t mission>y activities & betwe5 !m all 9 relation to a dom9ant idea or purpose4 ,su* a survey is /rictly sci5tific4 ,all sci5tific survey is prop]ly gov]n$ by ! end or purpose = :i* x is made4 ,x is ?is purpose or end :i* decides :at is to be includ$ & :at is to be exclud$ f ! survey4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we are mak+ a survey ( ! ac\/ic prop]ties ( *ur* build+s 9 ,engl&1 x is n sci5tific to introduce que/ions z to ! "* ( ! gospel prea*$ 9 !m4 ,a sci5tific survey is n necess>ily a collection ( all possible in=mation ab\t any p or c\ntry2 t is an encyclopa$ia2 a sci5tific survey is a survey ( ^? facts only :i* ?r[ light on ! bus9ess 9 h&4 ,a sci5tific survey ( =eign missions ought n !n necess>ily to look at ! "w c>ri$ on f e po9t ( view4 ,! po9t ( view mu/ be def9$1 ! end to be s]v$ def9$1 & !n only ^? factors :i* ?r[ light ^u t end h any place 9 a sci5tific survey4 ,we _c be too cle> ab\t ?is1 because 9 survey ( a "w s va/ & s _m sid$ z =eign missions we might easily include e human activity1 unless we def9$ be=eh& ! end to be s]v$ & select$ c>efully only ! appropriate factors4 ,c>efully def9$1 mission>y survey is n ! unwieldy1 amorph\s ?+ :i* p (t5 imag9e4 ,!re is inde$ a dang]\s type ( survey :i* />t+ ) a hypo!sis proce$s to prove x by collect+ any facts :i* seem to support x to ! neglect ( all o!r facts :i* might disprove x4 ,! proc$ure advocat$ "h is ! adoption ( a def9ite & ackn[l$g$ purpose = :i* ! survey is to be made & ! collection ( all ! facts :i* be> ^u ! subject 9 h&4 ,! facts are select$1 b !y are select$ n by ! prejudices or p>tiality ( ! surveyor1 b by _! own innate & inh]5t relation%ip to ! subject4 ,a sci5tific survey c only be a collection ( facts2 b inf]5ces w c]ta9ly be drawn f ! facts :i* w direct ! policy ( ^? :o adm9i/] =eign mission>y societies4 ,! draw+ ( ^! inf]5ces f ! mat]ial collect$ mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! collection ( ! mat]ial 7i4e4 ! mak+ ( ! survey74 ,! latt] prec$es ! =m] & is indep5d5t ( x4 ,inf]5ces ha/ily drawn1 or prematurely adopt$1 w\ld only t5d to discr$it mission>y survey z a means to ! atta9m5t ( tru?4 ,! adoption ( a hypo!sis & ! mak+ ( a survey 9 ord] to prove x by a c>eful selection & manipulation ( facts w\ld n discr$it survey z a means to ! atta9m5t ( tru?2 x w\ld only discr$it & debase ! moral "* ( ! man :o made su* a survey4 #b4 ,! survey "h treat$ ( is mission>y survey1 t is to say1 x treats ( missions & is gov]n$ by a mission>y purpose4 ,& x is a survey ( ,*ri/ian missions2 !re=e x is gov]n$ by ! purpose ( spread+ ! k ( ,*ri/4 ,?is /atem5t is ( great importance & ne$s to be c>efully conn$ be=e x is accept$1 because by x mission>y survey w be di/+ui%$ f all o!r survey4 ,= in/ance1 m$ical bo>ds survey m$ical in/itutions4 ,_! sole conc]n is :e!r ^? in/itutions are well f\nd & effici5t4#a ,b :5 a mission>y surveys a mission>y hospital 7if ! pr9ciple :i* we prop\nd is accept$71 he surveys x n qua m$ical e/abli%m5t b qua mission>y ut5sil4 ,! object is n to f9d out ! m$ical effici5cy ( ! hospital1 b its mission>y effectiv5ess4 ,x may be answ]$ t a m$ically ineffici5t hospital _c be truly effective f a mission>y po9t ( view4 ,t may be true2 b x is n c]ta9ly true4 ,:e!r x is true or n1 t does n alt] ! fact t an effici5t m$ical e/abli%m5t is n necess>ily effective f a mission>y po9t ( view2 x is n necess>ily ei!r mission>y or ,*ri/ian at all4 ,!n to survey m$ical missions simply z m$ical in/itutions is to ignore _! real significance4 ,mission>y survey mu/ relate ! in=mation ask$ = to ! mission>y purpose2 & unless x is s relat$ ! survey is a m$ical survey1 n a mission>y survey4 ,! same holds good ( educational "w1 & ( pa/oral "w4 ,footnote #a3 ,we c\ld produce surveys ( m$ical & educational mission "w :i* are ess5tially ( ?is "*1 deal+ solely ) m$ical & educational effici5cy4 #c4 ,! survey "h propos$ is design$ = all societies s f> z ! societies c be p]suad$ to supply ! in=mation4 ,x w\ld p]haps be m simple to provide /ati/ical returns = "o society ( :i* ! ecclesia/ical organisation is kn[n & ! ecclesia/ical t]ms us$ consequ5tly fix$4 ,b survey ( ! "w ( a society1 invaluable & necess>y z t is = a society1 is n suffici5t by itself4 ,x is ess5tial to-day t we %\ld be able to place our "w 9 ! _w 9 relation to all ! mission>y "w done4 ,we c no long] af=d to ignore ! "w ( o!rs & to plan our missions z ?\gh o!r missions did n exi/4 ,z we try to po9t out f "t to "t no society c act rightly 9 ignorance ( ano!r's "w4 ,!re=e we h attempt$ to design a survey :i* w\ld %[ :at is ! "w ( any mission 9 su* a =m t its "w c be relat$ 9 "s sort to ! mission>y "w ( all1 & n only to ! o!r missions ( its own society4 #d4 ,see+ t all survey is sci5tifically gov]n$ by ! object = :i* x is made1 x is ess5tial t 9 a survey su* z we propose ! end = :i* x is made %\ld be /at$ 9 ea* case z cle>ly & def9itely z possible4 ,?is involves (t5 su* a def9ition ( ! end z implies a c]ta9 mission>y policy4 ,realis+ ?is1 we h n hesitat$ to set =? ! policy impli$ 9 ! t]ms :i* we use & ! que/ions :i* we ask4#a ,we are well aw>e t ?is lays u op5 to attack f m5 :o may "q ! policy & dispute ! value ( ! survey4 ,x w\ld be f> m easy to set d[n simply ! facts :i* we ?9k any true survey %\ld conta91 leav+ !m unrelat$ to "o ano!r1 s t no "o c\ld tell exactly :at we 7 driv+ at4 ,?is is ! common plan4 ,m5 say !y want to "k ! facts ( ! mission>y situation1 any facts1 all facts1 indiscrim9ately1 & !y draw up a li/ ( all ! facts t !y c ?9k ( & issue a que/ionnaire :i* leaves ! compil] ( ! answ]s 9 complete ignorance conc]n+ ! purpose ( ! que/ions4 ,su* heaps ( in=mation might be us$ anyh[ if !y 7 really complete2 b 9 fact s9ce !y h n be5 design$ = any def9ite use !y are g5]ally defici5t = any def9ite use1 & rema9 m]e masses ( in=mation on :i* no true judgm5ts c be bas$4 ,s f> f reveal+ ! mission>y situation !y obscure x4 ,we h1 !re=e1 tak5 ! risk ( expla9+ :y we want ea* piece ( in=mation1 h[ we ?9k x might be us$1 & h drawn our tables 9 su* a =m t x is actually se5 at "w4 ,by s do+ we op5 ! door at once1 bo? = intellig5t co-op]ation & intellig5t opposition4 ,we frankly make criticism easy2 we invite x2 = we believe t frank criticism on ! basis ( agre$ facts is extremely fruitful4 ,footnote #a3 ,x does n foll[ t we approve ! policy impli$4 ,we may well ackn[l$ge t ! aim :i* above all o!rs has appeal$ to u is ! aim ( ! e/abli%m5t 9 ! _w ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 native1 indig5\s1 liv+1 self-support+1 self-gov]n+1 self-ext5d+1 indep5d5t ( =eign aid4 ,t has no d\bt col\r$ our "w & w p]haps r5d] x less acceptable to "s2 = ! facts :i* mu/ be includ$ 9 a survey :i* accepts t aim are precisely ! facts :i* societies d n n[ tabulate & are (t5 e/imat$ ) "s difficulty4 ,b ?\gh ?is ?\ght has inevitably gov]n$ our conception ( survey & we h made no attempt to conceal x1 we h nev]!less tri$ to avoid ! dang] ( select+ = survey only ^? facts :i* might s]ve to support a !ory ( ! me?od by :i* t aim is to be atta9$2 & we h kept 9 our m9ds con/antly ! ne$s ( m5 ^: idea ( ! aim ( =eign missions diff]s f our own4 #e4 ,mission>y survey mu/ ju/ify itself by assi/+ def9itely & cle>ly ^? :o make x & ^? :o h to direct & support mission>y "w 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! fir/ "q :i* we ought to answ] 9 e case :]e our help is ask$ is ?is3 ,:at d we want to d8 ,:at is our purpose 9 do+ any?+ at all "h8 ,! second "q is3 ,:at mu/ we "k to enable u to act discreetly & wisely 9 ?is case8 ,:at facts are prop]ly to be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ?is matt]8 ,! fir/ "q is ! "q ( aim1 ! second is ! "q ( relation4 ,suppose we say t we want to s5d our mission>ies :]e !y are mo/ ne$$1 :at in=mation mu/ we h to direct u8 ,fir/ we mu/ "k :at we mean by ne$1 :at k9d ( ne$ we are to put fir/ 9 our ?\ghts2 t is ! "q ( def9ition ( aim4 ,!n1 h[ %all we decide :]e t ne$ is greate/ at ! pres5t "t1 = u1 t is1 )9 our possibility ( active assi/ance2 t is ! "q ( relation4 ,! facts ( ne$ z we def9e x mu/ be relat$ & comp>$4 ,! survey ( :i* we speak z necess>y = an intellig5t und]/&+ ( =eign missions mu/ provide ^! facts 9 a =m easily grasp$ & und]/ood & comp>$ = diff]5t c\ntries & di/ricts1 s t ^? :o direct action & ^? :o support ! action may be able to d s ) reason1 n be+ guid$ m]ely by ! mo/ influ5tial voice or ! l\de/ %\t4 #f4 ,to s]ve ?is purpose survey mu/ h tw(old aspect4 ,x mu/ be a review ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! "w1 x mu/ also be a review ( ! pres5t position ( ! "w4 ,x is a review ( ! /ate ( ! "w1 ! /ations1 ! conv]ts1 ! ,*ur*2 x is a review ( ! position1 ! progress made comp>$ ) ! "w to be done4 ,b ! /ate v>ies1 ! position *anges1 & action mu/ be tak5 cont9ually4 ,! survey1 !re=e1 %\ld be n simply a s+le act b a cont9ual process4 ,mission "w is n a task :i* c be und]tak5 & f9i%$ on a pr$et]m9$ plan1 l ! con/ruction ( a railway4 ,x is a task ! conditions ( :i* v>y f "t to "t1 & consequ5tly plans & policies & me?ods mu/ v>y1 & ?is v>iation c only be rational if x is det]m9$ by recognition ( ! *ang+ circum/ances1 & ! *ange ( circum/ances c only be und]/ood & appreciat$ if ! survey ( missions is a cont9u\s process kept con/antly up to date4 ,x is a =m ( mission hi/ory 9 :i* ! omission ( a few ye>s may break ! connection ( ! :ole n>rative4 #g4 7i7 ,x may p]haps cause surprise to "s t ! in=mation = :i* we ask is ma9ly su* z c be express$ 9 a /ati/ical =m4 ,b ! fact rema9s t all /atesman%ip 7& =eign missions involve l>ge elem5ts ( /atesman%ip71 & all organis$ ef=t 7& =eign missions are highly organis$71 is 9 ! _w always bas$ ei!r ^u c>efully compil$ /ati/ics1 or ^u guess "w2 & t ! bus9ess :i* is direct$ by guess "w does n enjoy ! same confid5ce z ! bus9ess :i* is direct$ by k d]iv$ f c>efully compil$ /ati/ics4 ,take1 = example1 ?is extract f a lett] writt5 by a firm 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica :i* deals ) c&y securities3-- ,! c&y bus9ess1 ! hi/ory ( :i* %[s a rem>kable record ( fre$om f failure1 is to-day enjoy+ unp>allel$ prosp]ity1 & !re is e reason to believe t ! pres5t high e>n+s ( all ! l>ge c&y conc]ns 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w cont9ue indef9itely4 ,^? =tunate en\gh to hold %>es 9 well-e/abli%$ c&y manufactur+ conc]ns may expect1 !re=e1 to enjoy l>g] e>n+s ?an c\ld reasonably be expect$ f funds plac$ 9 mo/ o!r ent]prises4 ,prohibition is prov+ a trem5d\s factor 9 increas+ c&y sales4 ,be/ e/imates %[ t ! ,am]ican public is n[ sp5d+ betwe5 #hjj1jjj1jjj & #a1jjj1jjj1jjj annually = c&y4 ---- ,co4 are speciali/s 9 ! c&y & sug> securities4 ,we ma9ta9 a /ati/ical dep>tm5t1 & endeav\r to furni% in=mation conc]n+ all ( ! prom95t issues bas$ on ^! indu/ries4 ,y are invit$ to avail y\rself ( ?is s]vice1 & if y are int]e/$ 9 any c&y or sug> /ock1 we w be pleas$ to h y conf] ) u4 ,?is dep>tm5t n[ has 9 prep>ation an analysis ( ! c&y & sug> situation z x exi/s to-day 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,int]e/+ data is also be+ collect$ f mo/ reliable s\rces1 giv+ figures & /ati/ics = ! _w4 ,! numb] ( copies :i* we are prep>+ = g5]al di/ribution is limit$4 ,if y w sign ! enclos$ c>d1 & return x to u1 we w take pleasure 9 ext5d+ to y ! c\rtesy ( a copy ( ?is analysis free ( *>ge4 ,:5 individuals "w individually1 = !mselves1 z !y please1 /ati/ics are only necess>y = ! onlook] :o wants to comp>e individual ef=t ) individual ef=t2 ! individuals :o want to make no comp>ison ( _! own "w ) t ( o!rs1 nor to keep any record ( ! progress ( _! "w1 ne$ keep no /ati/ics2 b societies always want to keep a record ( _! "w1 & t record mu/ be l>gely /ati/ical4 ,x is va9 to attack /ati/ics to-day4 ,e society publi%es /ati/ical %eets4 ,e society by publi%+ !m %[s t x recognises ! value ( /ati/ics4 ,! difficulty to-day is n t ! societies d n publi% /ati/ics1 b t ! /ati/ics :i* !y publi% are n relat$ to any aim or purpose1 & d n include factors or /&>ds :i* enable u to measure progress4 7ii7 ,x may also cause surprise t we ask = e/imates 9 "s cases :]e exact in=mation is n imm$iately accessible4 ,x may be said t /ati/ics are mislead+1 b e/imates are hopelessly mislead+3 let u h correct figures or none4 ,t attitude is easily und]/ood1 b "u ! circum/ances x is va94 ,correct figures1 t is1 meticul\sly exact figures1 are unatta9able4 ,an e/imate is 9 ne>ly all matt]s ( daily life & bus9ess ! basis1 & rightly ! basis1 ( our action4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 t lett] :i* we quot$ above conc]n+ ! /ati/ics ( ! c&y trade 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 e/imates _h a place1 & =eign missions involve matt]s ab\t :i* correct figures are m difficult to obta9 ?an ! c&y bus9ess4 ,an e/imate c>efully made & und]/ood1 a delib]ate /atem5t express$ 9 r\nd numb]s1 is n unsci5tific3 x is only unsci5tific to mi/ake su* figures = :at !y d n pr(ess to be4 ,:5 m5 object t ! figures are n exact1 if ! figures d n pr(ess to be exact1 x is ! objector :o is unsci5tific1 n ! /ati/ics4 ,nev]!less1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! admission ( e/imates & r\nd figures does op5 ! door to s]i\s error4 ,m5 w be tempt$ to mi/ake an e/imate = a guess4 ,an e/imate is a /atem5t = :i* reasons c be giv51 a guess is--a m]e guess4 ,! great safegu>d aga9/ guesses1 z aga9/ all slip%od /ati/ical entries1 is ! assurance t ! /atem5ts made w be us$4 ,at pres5t mission>y /ati/ics are untru/wor?y ma9ly because s few p use !m1 & consequ5tly ^? :o supply !m d n feel ! ne$ ( revis+ !m c>efully4 ,fur!rmore1 x is important to be> 9 m9d t ! field = e/imate 9 /ati/ics ( ! k9d propos$ is limit$2 x only embraces figures = :i* exact totals are unobta9able1 = in/ance1 area1 population1 & figures ( societies :i* refuse to give /ati/ics1 etc41 & 9 e case precision 9 ^! /ati/ics is n ( vital importance4 7iii7 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 our tables & ^? ( o!rs is t we make !m v small & express 9 ea* a relation4 ,! figures suppli$ by ! societies 9 _! reports are seldom relat$ to any?+2 !y are m]e bundles ( /icks2 we sugge/ ! introduction ( a relation into e table :i* gives to ea* figure a significance :i* by itself x does n possess4 ,9 our tables e figure is set to "w4 ,our idea ( mission>y /ati/ics dem&s t !y %\ld be a basis = action4 ,we ?9k t x is wa/e ( "t to collect /ati/ics f :i* no conclusion c be c]ta9ly drawn bo? by ! compil] & ! read]--a conclusion :i* ought to be sugge/ive :5 tak5 alone by itself1 &1 :5 consid]$ 9 relation to ! conclusions sugge/$ by simil> tables1 compell+4 ,b x may be said t we are add+ to ! already ov]:elm+ burd5 ( acc\nts & reports ov] :i* mission>ies toil to ! great detrim5t ( _! prop] "w4 ,! tables 9 ?is book are arrang$ app>5tly = ! work] on ! spot z well z = ! intellig5t support] & director at home2 :y multiply tables & tr\ble ! mission>y ) ! sums ( proportion8 ,:y n ask ! man !re simply to give ! necess>y facts & !n let ! man at home "w out = special purposes ! v>i\s relations8 ,! answ] is simple3 we ourselves h be5 ask$ to fill up long s*$ules ( unrelat$ facts2 & we "k t ! lab\r is intol]able4 ,! supply ( unrelat$1 mean+less facts dulls & we>ies ! bra94 ,few m5 c d ! "w ) pleasure or pr(it1 & consequ5tly ! s*$ules are (t5 fill$ up1 n inde$ ) delib]ate c>elessness1 b ) t heavy pa9fulness :i*1 tak+ no int]e/ 9 ! "w1 (t5 produces z pitiful a result z d[nright c>elessness4 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! ox t treade? out ! corn is a maxim :i* has a great application "h4 ,! man :o provides ! in=mation %\ld be ! fir/ to pr(it by x & to be int]e/$ 9 x4 ,! fir/ man to criticise ^! tables %\ld be ! mission>y :o fills !m up on ! spot2 & 8 mo/ valuable criticism might be a demon/ration t ! la/ column 9 a table 0 futile2 t ! table l$ him to no conclusions & sugge/$ no rem>ks4 ,t column ( conclusions & rem>ks we hold to be ! mo/ preci\s ( !m all4 ,we w\ld h no man supply mean+less in=mation4 ,only1 we believe1 :5 ! in=mation is ( vital importance & int]e/ to ! man :o supplies x w x be suppli$ c>efully1 correctly1 will+ly1 & above all1 intellig5tly4 ,we v5ture to hope t our tables may be "o /ep t[>ds ! day :5 ! supply ( /ati/ical in=mation by ! mission>y w cease to be m]e drudg]y4 7iv7 ,see+ t ! mission>y task is ess5tially _w-wide1 x is obvi\s t a _w-wide "w _c be prop]ly direct$ )\t a _w-wide view4 ,n[1 mission>y survey is 9 its infancy1 & 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! _w x has yet to be begun4 ,a full & complete mission>y survey ( ! :ole _w w\ld necess>ily be a consid]able und]tak+1 = _m important facts c\ld n be easily or quickly collect$4 ,!re is !n a /rong t5d5cy = m5 to argue t1 s9ce all ! facts desirable _c be kn[n at once )\t mu* "t & exp5se1 x is futile & dang]\s to collect ^? facts :i* c be collect$ spe$ily )\t great exp5se4 ,a little k1 !y say1 is a dang]\s ?+ 444 let u rema9 ignorant4 ,we w\ld v5ture to sugge/ t a little k is only dang]\s :5 x is mi/ak5 = mu* k2 t x is f> bett] to act on k :i* c be obta9$ ?an to act 9 total ignorance1 bl9dly4 ,:]e we mu/ act x is our duty to "k all t we c "k1 & if1 because we _c collect all ! in=mation t we %\ld wi% to possess1 we refuse to collect t in=mation :i* we c obta91 because we realise t x w be incomplete1 we commit a s]i\s moral & intellectual crime4 ,if we c "k only "o factor out ( "o hundr$1 we (f5d if we refuse to "k t "o4 ,we mu/ act4 ,we h no "r to %ut our eyes to k :i* ought to guide our action because we are aw>e t action tak5 on t "o factor w be insuffici5tly guid$4 ,! "o factor is an important "o & mu/ influ5ce our action1 & w\ld influ5ce our action if we knew all ! o!r factors4 ,we ought to all[ x to influ5ce our action ev5 9 ignorance ( ! o!r factors4 ,9 daily life we habitually act on p>tial k1 & we %\ld ?9k t man mad :o urg$ u to refuse to be guid$ by our p>tial k until our k 0 complete2 we %\ld ?9k a man mad :o1 be+ "u necessity to act1 refus$ to "k :at he c\ld "k1 because he 0 aw>e t full] k might lead him to modify 8 action4 ,n[ mission>ies & mission>y societies are act+ & mu/ act1 & ! refusal to collect ! in=mation :i* !y c obta9 is z culpable z ! ignorance ( a man :o refuses to att5d to ! "o ^w poison pr9t$ on ! label ( a bottle :i* he c read1 because he _c read ! "n ( ! /uff writt5 on ! label4 ,yet x is v commonly argu$ t unless survey c be made complete1 unless1 t is1 e factor :i* we c ?9k ( z ex]cis+ an influ5ce on our action is duly weigh$1 x is futile to survey ! l>g]1 common]1 & m easily accessible factors4 ,?is objection recurs aga9 & aga91 & unless x c be put out ( ! way x mu/ prejudice mission>y survey4 ,x w\ld be wise1 x w\ld be "r1 to collect in=mation on only "o po9t1 if t 7 all t we c\ld d4 ,x w\ld be bett] ?an to re/ cont5t ) total ignorance4 ,nev]!less1 :5 anyone collects ) c>e /ati/ics on any p>ticul> po9t1 he is c]ta9 to meet ! objection t 8 lab\r ought to be ignor$ because he has n collect$ in=mation ab\t some?+ else4 ,z if total ignorance 7 pref]able to p>tial k6 ,is !re any answ] to ! argum5t1 t ,:]e ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise1 :5 support$ by ,a little k is a dang]\s ?+1 o!r ?an ,dr4 ,arnold's maxim1 ,:]e x is our duty to act x is also our duty to le>n8 7v7 ,we h n be5 c>eful to avoid ask+ = details ( :i* we are well aw>e t ! /ati/ics d n n[ exi/4 ,we h ?\ght x our duty r to po9t out ! in=mation necess>y = arriv+ at "r conclusions ?an to mislead our read]s by pret5d+ t x is possible to =m judgm5ts & act prop]ly )\t tak+ ! tr\ble to collect in=mation :i* is really necess>y4 ,?is is no contradiction ( ! argum5t :i* we set =? t p>tial in=mation is bett] ?an none1 b x does w>n ! surveyor t blanks 9 ! =ms leave him n fully equipp$1 & t /eps ought to be tak5 to secure in=mation )\t :i* 8 conclusions are unc]ta94 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,/ation ,,di/rict ,,survey4 ,,! ,,"w ,,to ,,be ,,done1 ,,& ,,! ,,=ce ,,to ,,d ,,x4 ,mission>y "w is pres5t$ to u "h at home ma9ly at two po9ts2 ! "o1 "w at a mission /ation1 ! o!r1 ! condition & ne$s ( a c\ntry or ( a cont95t4 ,9 ! "o case we he> a great deal ab\t ! mission>y's life & "w2 9 ! o!r we he> ab\t great problems1 religi\s1 moral1 social1 & v little ab\t ! facts ( ! "w4 ,we propose to beg9 ) ! mission /ation & to set d[n ! in=mation :i* we ne$1 9 ord] t we may take an intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! "w at ! /ation1 view$ by itself1 z progress is made t[>ds ! imm$iate object ( its exi/5ce2 & !n we propose to look at x 9 relation to o!r /ations 9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry1 bo? comp>atively to see h[ !y diff]1 & z p>ts ( a :ole1 to see :at is ! position ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry1 & :at place ea* /ation occupies 9 ! "w done 9 ! l>g] :ole4 ,:5 we look at ! mission /ation view$ by itself1 ! fir/ "q :i* we ask is3 ,has ! /ation any def9$ area1 di/rict1 or p>i%1 connect$ ) x 9 :i* x is ! bus9ess ( ! mission>ies to prea* ! ,gospel & e/abli% ! ,*ur*8 ,if ! answ] to t "q is1 ,yes1 x has1 & t answ] w\ld v commonly be giv51 !n at once we get our feet on firm gr\nd4 ,we c />t our survey on a t]ritorial basis2 & ) a common t]ritorial basis we c imm$iately comp>e ! "w ( "o /ation ) t done at ano!r /ation4 ,we h fur!r a t]m9us ad quem1 & 9 our survey we c tell :e!r progress is 9 t direction & h[ rapid x is4 ,we c d ?is1 because ! def9ition ( a p>i% or di/rict implies ! recognition on ! "p ( ^? :o def9e ! p>i% or di/rict1 ( ! purpose1 if n ! duty1 ( prea*+ ! ,gospel & e/abli%+ ! ,*ur* 9 ! area ( t p>i% or di/rict4 ,! m]e def9ition ( ! area1 !re=e1 implies a policy = ! mission :i* def9es ! area & = ! /ation = :i* ! area is def9$4 ,= su* a /ation1 !re=e1 we design our fir/ survey1 ! object ( ! survey be+ to discov] h[ f> ! "w ( ! /ation is succe$+ 9 p]=m+ ! task :i* x obvi\sly und]took :5 x accept$ ! def9ition ( area4 #a4 ,we beg9 !n by survey+ ! position ( ! "w 9 ! /ation di/rict ext5sively3 we ask--,:at is ! relation betwe5 ! "w done & ! "w rema9+ to be done8 ,we ask ?is "q 9 two =ms2 fir/1 9 t]ms ( ! cities1 t[ns1 & villages :i* lie 9 ! /ation area1 & secondly1 9 t]ms ( population4 ,we ask ! "q 9 ?is d\ble =m because we believe t by ?is means ! surveyor w obta9 a cle> view ( ! situation & w be able easily to see :at has be5 done 9 relation to ! "w yet to be done1 & x is ! relation ( ^? two t is mo/ illum9at+4 ,if ^! tables 7 con/antly revis$ ! progress ( ! "w c\ld be trac$ f ye> to ye> easily & helpfully4 ,put side by side !y illum9ate ea* o!r1 & ea* af=ds a *eck ^u ! o!r4 ,progress 9 numb]s 9 proportion to population & progress 9 ! numb] ( places occupi$ %\ld (t5 prop]ly advance side by side4 ,progress 9 numb]s 9 proportion to population )\t any increase 9 ! numb] ( places occupi$ may (t5 occur2 progress 9 ! numb] ( places occupi$ )\t a correspond+ increase ( ! ,*ri/ian population 9 proportion to ! non-,*ri/ian population may also occur1 & ea* mu/ give ! mission>y food = ?\ght4 ,! tables are simple1 deal+ ) b>e num]ical proportions3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,date ( ,occupi$ ,unoccupi$ ,"w to ,di/rict4 ,area4 ,f\ndation ,cities1 ,cities1 be ,done4 ( ,/ation4 ,t[ns1 ,t[ns1 ,villages4 ,villages4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,by occupi$ we mean places :]e !re are resid5t ,*ri/ians1 few or _m4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,total ,total ,total ,"w to ,rem>ks ,population4 ,*ri/ian ,non-,*ri/ian be ,done4 & ,con/itu5cy4 ,con/itu5cy4 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,by ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy we mean ! total numb] ( p :o call !mselves ,*ri/ian 9 ! area 9 "q4 ,!y may n be baptis$1 !y may be m]e inquir]s or he>]s2 b if ask$ _! religion !y w\ld call !mselves ,*ri/ians r ?an any?+ else4 ,! reasons :y we adopt ?is extremely wide expression are3 7#a7 ,"s societies1 ^: memb]s are und5iably ,*ri/ian 9 morals & ?\ght1 d n baptise adults2 _m societies d n baptise infants2 yet ^! unbaptis$ p are c]ta9ly n hea!n2 !y c]ta9ly d n belong to any o!r religi\s organisation ?an ! ,*ri/ian4 ,aga91 "s societies baptise v mu* m freely ?an o!rs1 & c\nt z memb]s l>ge numb]s ( p :om o!r societies w\ld consid] to be 9 ! position ( inquir]s or he>]s4 ,consequ5tly any j comp>ison betwe5 diff]5t areas 9 :i* diff]5t societies are work+ is impossible unless a v wide expression is employ$1 & a v wide int]pretation giv5 to x4 7#b7 ,! ,*ri/ian cause1 bo? = good & evil1 is l>gely influ5c$ by ! exi/5ce ( ^! unbaptis$4 ,!y are call$ ,*ri/ian1 !y are consid]$ to be su* by _! hea!n neighb\rs1 !y suff] p]secution (t5 ) ! o!r ,*ri/ians :5 any outbreak occurs4 ,_! numb]s & conduct ex]cise a wide influ5ce 9 ! society 9 :i* !y live1 = or aga9/ ! progress ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 7#c7 ,! attitude ( ^! p to ! ,*ri/ian mission>y is q diff]5t f t ( ! hea!n4 ,!y ackn[l$ge ,*ri/ z ! "o ,div9e ,tea*] & ,"l4 ,! mission>y _c c\nt !m z belong+ to ! hea!n2 he _c approa* !m z ! tea*] ( a new religion4 ,he mu/ approa* !m z an expon5t ( ! religion :i* !y already pr(ess4 ,h[ev] inadequate & confus$ _! ideas ab\t ,*ri/ian !ology & practice may be1 !y expect to receive f a ,*ri/ian tea*] in/ruction 9 _! own religion1 & t religion is a religion common to him & to !m4 ,consequ5tly to omit !m f ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy is to d an inju/ice to !m1 & to misrepres5t ! true facts ( ! case4 7#d7 ,9 _m areas two or m societies are at "w & _! conception ( ! qualifications = ! "n ( ,*ri/ian diff]4 ,9 a survey ea* society is tempt$ to ignore ! memb]s ( ! o!r1 & to reckon z ,*ri/ians only ^? :o fulfil ! conditions :i* are appli$ by ! "o society4 ,s c]ta9 ,prote/ant societies ignore all ,roman ,ca?olics2 b t = ! reasons already /at$ is mo/ mislead+1 = :5 p]secution arises ,prote/ants & ,roman ,ca?olics alike suff] = ! ,"n ( ,*ri/4 ,:atev] ! memb]s ( ano!r society may be1 !y are c]ta9ly n hea!n2 ! hea!n d5y !m4 ,consequ5tly !y _c prop]ly be c\nt$ ) ! hea!n by any surveyor :o wi%es to pres5t ! facts4 ,= ^! reasons we h be5 compell$ to adopt a v wide expression1 & ! expression us$ by ! ,*9a ,cont9uation ,committee seem$ to be suffici5tly ela/ic to s]ve our purpose4 ,nev]!less1 to avoid error z f> z possible1 :5 we in/itute comp>isons betwe5 ,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian population1 we introduce side by side ) ! total ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy ! total ,communicants 7or ,full ,memb]s71 :i* is a valuable *eck4 ,take !n an example4 ,! figures "h giv5 are obvi\sly n ! figures ( a /ation area2 !y are figures = a prov9ce2 b !y s]ve to illu/rate ! po9t4 ,we _c fill up ! area table2 we c only supply figures = ! population4 ---------------------------------------- ,population4 3 ,total 3 ,total ,non- 3 ,*ri/ians4 3 ,*ri/ians4 ---------------------------------------- #cb1ega1jjj 3 #ecd1bch 3 #b1jcf1gfb ---------------------------------------- ,n[1 "h ( ! #ecd1bch ,*ri/ians #ejj1fee are ,roman ,ca?olics1 ! ,prote/ants numb]+ #cc1ehc4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ?is area began "w ab\t #cjj ye>s e>li] ?an ! ,prote/ants4 ,are we to elim9ate !m8 ,are all ^! #cc1ehc ,prote/ants m wor?y ( ! "n ( ,*ri/ian ?an "s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics8 ,or %all we elim9ate "s ( ! #cc1ehc8 ,if s1 h[ _m1 & on :at gr\nds8 ,is n ! d5ial ( ! ,"n to ^? :o claim to be s]vants ( ,*ri/ absurd8 ,are !re n en\gh non-,*ri/ians to be conv]t$8 ,suppose ! ,roman ,ca?olic figures to be an e/imate4 ,is x n pla9 t 9 deal+ ) consid]able areas e/imates may be useful ?\gh faulty8 ,h[ little diff]5ce 9 ! "w to be done does an error 9 t e/imate make8 ,knock (f or add on #ej1jjj & is ! "w to be done s]i\sly affect$8 ,x is true t 9 "s calculations an error ( t magnitude might mislead u some:at1 b h>dly en\gh to vitiate our :ole view ( ! situation1 especially if we c>efully *eck our conclusions by ! results ( o!r tables giv5 lat]4 ,at ! fir/ glance ^! figures produce ! impression t v little has be5 done4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 & t 0 _m ye>s ago1 !re 7 ov] #cb million non-,*ri/ians2 !re are ov] #cb million to-day4 ,b let u look at proportions & see :at a diff]5t impression is produc$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,population4 3 ,total 3 ,total ,non- 3 ,proportion 3 ,*ri/ians4 3 ,*ri/ians4 3 ( ,*ri/ians to 3 3 3 ,non-,*ri/ians4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #cb1ega1jjj 3 #ecd1bch 3 #cb1jcf1gfb 3 #a to #fj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,"o ,*ri/ian to e sixty non-,*ri/ians gives u a totally diff]5t impression4 ,we beg9 to feel t if only ! ,*ri/ians awoke to _! duty !y c\ld influ5ce ! :ole population pr(\ndly4 ,t is precisely ! effect produc$ ^u ! ,*ri/ians by a mission>y survey und]tak5 ) !m1 & und]/ood by !m2 !y beg9 to see ! imm5sity ( ! "w to be done1 !y beg9 to see t x c be done4 ,!re %\ld prop]ly !n "h be two tables p>allel to ! fir/ two4 ,?us3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,occupi$ ,unoccupi$ ,proportion ( ,rem>ks ,area4 ,cities1 ,t[ns1 ,cities1 ,t[ns1 ,occupi$ to & ,villages4 ,villages4 ,unoccupi$4 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,total ,total ,total ,non- ,proportion ( ,rem>ks ,population4 ,*ri/ian ,*ri/ian ,*ri/ian to & ,population4 ,population4 ,non-,*ri/ian4 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,obs]ve :at light is ?r[n ^u a di/rict by ! m]e juxtaposition ( ^? few facts4 ,i ?9k ^? two tables alone %\ld suffice to prove t a survey :i* reg>d$ only a v few factors might be ( imm5se s]vice1 if ^? :o us$ x kept cle>ly be=e !m its p>tial "* & did n all[ !mselves to treat x z complete4 ,b1 un=tunately1 ^! fir/ facts :i* we h desir$ are1 l o!r facts ( importance1 procur$ only ) difficulty & toil4 ,9 ord] to fill up ! prec$+ tables ! mission>y surveyor mu/ be able to /ate :at is ! area & :at ! population 9 ! /ation di/rict4 ,b "s c\ld n supply t in=mation4 ,its acquisition might involve a j\rney ( _m mon?s giv5 up to c>eful exam9ation & inquiry4 ,x is no small dem& to make4 ,9 _m cases a reason$ e/imate is inde$ ! only possible /atem5t2 b z we h already argu$ c>eful e/imates are invaluable1 & :]e a c5sus does n exi/ !y give u = ! "t some?+ to "w ^u4 ,:]e ! physical survey c be und]tak5 x is mo/ illum9at+ "w1 illum9at+ bo? to ! mission>ies & to _! native help]s1 :o (t5 ga9 an entirely new view ( _! "w & its possibilities f su* p]sonal exam9ation4 ,te/imony to ! value ( ?is exp]i5ce is gr[+ daily 9 weight & volume4 ,?is physical survey w\ld naturally result 9 ! production ( a map ( ! area 9 :i* ! cities1 t[ns1 & villages 9 ! /ation di/rict 7 m>k$ ) notes on _! "* f ! mission>y po9t ( view4 ,9 ?is map all places :]e ,*ri/ians resid$1 :]e !re 7 ,*ri/ian congregations1 *ur*es1 prea*+ places1 s*ools1 hospitals1 disp5s>ies1 etc41 w\ld be m>k$4 ,x w\ld be a pictorial pres5tation ( ! facts s f> z !y 7 capable ( expression 9 map =m4 ,b :e!r 9 map =m or 9 /ati/ical =m1 ! area & ! population = :i* ! mission is work+ mu/ be express$ ei!r by exact figures or by e/imates if we are to trace progress4 ,if ^! tables 7 kept ov] a numb] ( ye>s1 ! mission>ies on ! spot & directors & inquir]s at home w\ld be able to see :at progress 0 be+ made t[>ds fulfill+ ! obligation impli$ by ! def9ition ( ! /ation area or di/rict1 & :at t obligation involv$4 ,,ii4 ,:5 we "k ! "w to be done we turn to ! consid]ation ( ! =ce available4 ,?is =ce consi/s ( p]man5t & m or less tempor>y memb]s4 ,"s w 9 all human probability rema9 9 ! place till !y die2 !y are ( x1 !y belong to x2 o!rs w probably dep>t else:]e2 !y are n ( ! place2 !y speak ( home z f> away2 !y are liable to removal2 sickness :i* does n kill !m takes !m away2 ! call ( fri5ds or bus9ess c>ries !m back to _! own l&2 !y are /rang]s all _! days 9 ! mission di/rict4 ,nev]!less1 !y are g5]ally ! mov+1 active =ce2 ^u !m progress seems to dep5d4 ,x is /range1 b x is true g5]ally3 ! p]man5t is ! passive elem5t1 ! imp]man5t is ! active4 ,"h we simply /ate ! fact to excuse or condemn ! plac+ ( ! mission>y =ce fir/ 9 our tables4 ,fir/ x is to-day4 ,we ne$ !n a table ( ! =eign mission>y =ce4 ,9 its =m x w be a m]e /atem5t ( proportions4 ,! proportions are ess5tial 9 ord] to make comp>ison betwe5 "o area & ano!r possible2 & comp>ison is ! sweet sav\r ( survey4 ,we _c comp>e ! "w ( ?ree m5 lab\r+ among an un/at$ population ) ! "w ( two o!r m5 work+ 9 an un/at$ population2 ! mom5t t ! proportions are work$ out ! cases c be comp>$4 ,b "s m5 dete/ ?is purely quantitative comp>ison4 ,!y insi/1 & rightly1 t !re is no true equality 9 ! comp>ison4 ,"o man diff]s f ano!r man & 8 "w diff]s f ! "w ( ! o!r man3 ov] l>ge areas x is (t5 ! "w ( "o man among _m :i* really saves ! situation4 ,x is q true4 ,9 ! la/ resort survey becomes survey ( p]sonalities4 ,b 9 a survey ( ! k9d :i* we propose1 survey ( p]sonalities is impossible & mo/ undesirable4 ,! survey propos$ _c deal ) p]sonalities1 b t does n invalidate ! importance ( ! in=mation ask$ =4 ,su* =ms receiv$ f _m diff]5t /ations w\ld c]ta9ly ?r[ light on ! s]i\s "q ( re9=cem5t4 ,x is ( c\rse obvi\s t re9=cem5ts c\ld n be allott$ rightly on su* slight evid5ce z ! proportion ( mission>ies to ! population ( a di/rict4 ,! "q is n :e!r re9=cem5ts c\ld be allott$ on ?is factor alone2 b :e!r !y c\ld be allott$ rightly 9 ignorance ( x4 ,tak5 9 conjunction ) ! prec$+ & foll[+ tables1 ?is table w\ld reveal some?+ t we may call ne$ 9 a purely quantitative expression1 & comp>ative ne$ %\ld c]ta9ly influ5ce ! allotm5t ( re9=cem5ts4 ,?\gh ! /atem5t ( ne$ 9 ?is table is inde$ utt]ly insuffici5t by itself1 x is nev]!less true t no /atem5t ( comp>ative ne$ :i* ignor$ ! proportions "h set out w\ld be satisfactory4 ,?is quantitative expression is n suffici5t2 b no /atem5t is suffici5t )\t x1 &1 z (t51 s "h1 x is ! proportion r ?an ! actual figures :i* make comp>ison possible3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,proportion ,proportion ,rem>ks ,di/rict4,popula- ,=eign to ( ,wom5 & tion4 ,mission>ies4,population4 to ,conclusions4 ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,we turn n[ to ! p]man5t ,*ri/ian =ce 9 ! di/rict4 ,we want to "k :at is ! =ce4 ,we ask1 !re=e1 t ! total ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy may be accept$ z ! fir/ expression ( ! native =ce4 ,! progress ( ! ,gospel is mo/ s]i\sly affect$ by ! :ole numb] ( ^? :o 9 any s5se call !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,!y are ! =ce 9 ! place :i* influ5ces ! hea!n = or aga9/ x4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t !y %\ld be reckon$ fir/1 & treat$ fir/1 z ! =ce :i* above all o!rs works sl[ly1 quietly1 imp]ceptibly1 b mightily4 ,! :ole body ( ^? :o pr(ess & call !mselves ,*ri/ians %\ld be put 9 ! v fir/ place4 ,!n ! communicants 7or full memb]s7 are commonly ! body to :i* all turn = volunt>y zeal\s ef=t4 ,! communicants are ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we comp>e !m next ) ! "w to be done4 ,!n ! paid work]s4 ,!n ! volunt>y unpaid work]s1 recognis$ z su*4 ,! difficulty ( calculat+ ! unpaid volunt>y work]s is inde$ v great4 ,we "k ( no def9ition :i* w\ld s]ve to give any uni=mity to returns made by diff]5t missions4 ,we recognise t diff]5t missions w\ld make ! returns on diff]5t bases4 ,we e>ne/ly desire a common def9ition1 :i* all might accept4 ,b "u exi/+ circum/ances x seems impossible to f9d "o4 ,nev]!less1 )\t "s /atem5t ( ! numb] ( volunt>y work]s1 we are1 z we %all see1 9 grave dang] ( misjudg+ ! situation & wrong+ our mission>ies & ! native ,*ri/ians4 ,= ! "t !n we sugge/ t x w\ld be f> bett] to accept ! returns giv5 to u by ! mission>ies on _! own basis1 ask+ !m to app5d a note to ! return expla9+ h[ !y calculat$ _! volunt>y =ce4 ,we %\ld !n h ! foll[+ table3-- ,! ,native ,=ce4 7a7 ,! ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,population4 ,*ri/ian ,proportion to ,rem>ks & ,con/itu5cy ,non-,*ri/ian ,conclusions4 ,population4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 7b7 ,! ,communicants or ,full ,memb]s4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,population4 ,communicants4 ,proportion to ,rem>ks & ,non-,*ri/ian ,conclusions ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 7c7 ,! ,paid ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,population4 ,paid ,work]s4 ,proportion to ,rem>ks & ,non-,*ri/ian ,conclusions ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 7d7 ,! ,unpaid ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,population4 ,unpaid ,proportion to ,rem>ks & ,work]s4 ,non-,*ri/ian ,conclusions4 ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,"h aga9 x is ! proportions :i* are illum9at+ & enable comp>isons ( diff]5t areas to be made4 ,! b>e figures ( ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians & communicants & work]s by !mselves w\ld tell u v little2 only :5 we h !m relat$ to a common factor d we get any real light4 ,let u n[ sum up our inquiry ?us f>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,"w to be ,done3 ,non-,*ri/ian ,population4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,unt\*$1 ,unoccupi$ ,villages4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,=eign ,=ce ,comp>$ ) ,"w to be ,done4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,native ,=ce ,comp>$ ) ,"w to be ,done4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,paid ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,unpaid ,volunt>y ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,if ^! tables 7 kept ov] a s]ies ( ye>s1 ! progress ( ! =ce 9 relation to ! "w to be done w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ly reveal$4 ,b 9 e/imat+ ! ,*ri/ian =ce 9 ! di/rict we ne$ to "k m ?an its numb]2 we ne$ to "k s mu* ( its "* z /ati/ical tables c %[4 ,"o ,*ri/ian to e #abi hea!n may mean mu* or little4 ,x might mean t ! day :5 ! ,*ri/ian =ce w\ld be ! controll+ =ce 9 ! area 0 close at h&4 ,t w\ld dep5d l>gely ^u ! capacity ( ! ,*ri/ians1 _! education1 _! zeal4 ,! tables :i* we n[ sugge/ are design$ to reveal1 s f> z tables c reveal1 ! tru? 9 ^! matt]s4 ,we beg9 !n ) ! proportion ( communicants 9 ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy4 ,if we take ! la/ table &1 in/ead ( consid]+ ! proportion ( ! communicants to ! non-,*ri/ian population1 consid] ! proportion ( communicants to ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy1 we ga9 a v diff]5t view4 ,we ga9 !n an idea ( ! "* ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,in/ead ( an idea ( ! size ( ! =ce at "w we receive an impression ( ! quality ( ! =ce4 ,ev5 "o :o lays little /ress on ! value & necessity ( sacram5ts w\ld n d5y t he w\ld expect m f a ,*ur* ( #ajjj 9 :i* #ejj 7 communicants ?an he w\ld f a ,*ur* ( #ajjj ( :i* only #ajj 7 communicants4 ,he might d5y t 8 expectation 0 bas$ ^u any fai? 9 ! virtue ( sacram5ts1 b he w\ld ackn[l$ge ! fact t 9 our exp]i5ce ! ,*ur* :i* possesses l>ge numb]s ( communicants is g5]ally /rong] ?an ! ,*ur* :i* possesses a small numb]4 ,! comp>ison ( ! numb] ( communicants 9 relation to ! numb] ( ! total ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy does prop]ly produce an impression ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ian body4 ,if we c fill up ! table ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,total4 ,communicants ,proportion ( ,rem>ks & ,*ri/ian or ,full ,communicants ,conclusions ,con/itu5cy4 ,memb]s4 to ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- we ga9 an impression ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x is important to obs]ve t x is only 9 relation to ! e>li] tables1 :i* set out ! =ce 9 relation to ! "w to be done1 t ?is impression ( /r5g? is ( imm$iate importance to u4 ,we are deal+ ) a mission>y survey1 a survey conc]n$ ) ! propagation ( ! ,gospel4 ,! m]e /r5g? ( ! ,*ur*1 unrelat$ to any "w 9 :i* ! /r5g? is to be employ$1 is a v diff]5t matt]4 ,we might take pleasure 9 ! sight ( x4 ,we might congratulate ourselves & ! mission>ies on ! beauty ( ! /r5g? reveal$1 b n until x is relat$ to "w to be done does /r5g? appe> 9 its true glory4 ,we f9d 9 ne>ly all mission>y /ati/ics ! numb] ( communicants & conv]ts set =?1 & we (t5 wond] :at =4 ,x _c be t we may glory 9 our conque/s & say3 ,see h[ _m conv]ts & communicants we h made6 ,b1 unrelat$ to any task to be done1 t is all t appe>s4 ,!re=e we h in/itut$ ?is comp>ison "h1 9 close relation to ! e>li] tables1 t we may "k :at is ! =ce on ! spot at "w 9 ! area def9$4 ,next1 ! proportion ( ,paid ,work]s 9 proportion to ! numb] ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy & ! communicants is a mo/ illum9at+ factor4 ,by itself x is a difficult factor to appreciate rightly4 ,suppose we f9d1 z we d sometimes f9d1 t "o out ( e t5 communicants is a paid work]4 ,t may imply t ! proportion ( rice ,*ri/ians is v high1 or x may imply a high /&>d ( zeal1 v _m ( ! conv]ts be+ able & will+ to devote !mselves to ,*ri/ian "w & at ! same "t too poor to be able to support !mselves )\t pay4 ,?is proportion1 !re=e1 %\ld be c>efully *eck$ by a table :i* %[s ! proportion ( unpaid work]s & ano!r :i* %[s ! /&>d ( weal?4 ,b commonly we are giv5 ! numb] ( paid work]s1 & giv5 nei!r ! numb] ( unpaid volunt>y work]s1 nor ! /&>d ( weal?1 & !re=e ! dang] ( read+ amiss ! numb] ( paid work]s is great4 ,we h already expla9$ ! difficulty ( obta9+ exact figures1 or ev5 e/imates1 ( ! numb] ( volunt>y unpaid work]s1 b a m]e glance at ! proportion ( paid work]s to communicants %\ld be en\gh to p]suade any man :o desires to judge our "w fairly ( ! necessity = su* a table z we n[ sugge/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,paid ,proportion ,proportion ( ,rem>ks & ,work]s4 ( ,paid ,work]s ,paid ,work]s ,conclusions to ,*ri/ian to ,con/itu5cy4 ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,unpaid ,proportion ,proportion ( ,rem>ks & ,work]s4 ( ,unpaid ,work]s,unpaid ,work]s ,conclusions to ,*ri/ian to ,con/itu5cy4 ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,proportion ( ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ,accord+ to ,local ,/&>d4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,di/rict4 ,*ri/ian ,well ,poor ,9 ,rem>ks & ,con/itu5cy4 to d4 ,pov]ty ,conclusions ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,!re is inde$ a way ( judg+ ! zeal ( native ,*ri/ians = ! propagation ( ! ,gospel v popul> among mission>ies1 ! way ( tabulat+ & comp>+ ! am\nt :i* !y subscribe = mission>y "w4 ,obvi\sly ?is me?od is ! =m mo/ natural to u1 b x is "o ( ! wor/ conceivable4 ,:5 a ,*ri/ian congregation lives surr\nd$ by hea!n1 = x to le>n to satisfy ! div9e _s ( missions by putt+ money into a box1 is mo/ dang]\s4 ,! zeal ( ,*ri/ians = ! spread ( ! ,gospel ought always to be express$ fir/ 9 active p]sonal s]vice4 ,we %\ld pref] to omit any "q z to ! am\nt subscrib$ = mission>y "w f> (f4 ,we believe x to be a mo/ delusive & delud+ te/4 ,x deceives ! giv]1 x deceives ! inquir]4 ,we %\ld pref] to inquire ! numb] ( he>]s or inquir]s br\ght to ! ,*ur* by ! undirect$ ef=t ( ! ,*ur* memb]s1 or ! numb] ( ,*ur* memb]s :o g out to tea* or prea* 9 _! neighb\rhood1 or p]haps be/ ( all1 ! numb] ( little ,*ri/ian congregations :i* z a body are actively engag$ 9 evangelis+ _! neighb\rs4 ,b we admit mission>y contributions z an additional "q ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,*ri/ian ,inquir]s ,congregations ,am\nt ,rem>ks & ,con/itu5cy4br\ght 9 ,evangelis+ ,subscrib$ ,conclusions by ,native _! = ,mission>y ,*ri/ians4,neighb\rs4 ,purposes4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,t a ,*ur* mu/ be in/ruct$ & in/ruct its *ildr5 all are agre$3 :]e m5 diff] is ) respect to ! mann] ( ! tea*+4 ,on ! "o side are ^? :o w\ld safegu>d ! fai? by committ+ ! tea*+ ( x to a small body ( c>efully tra9$ m51 ! cl]gy1 :il/ ! majority ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ! laity1 rema9 unle>n$ & accept :at is taught by ! tra9$ (ficial tea*]s3 on ! o!r side are ^? :o w\ld boldly commit ! fai? to all1 op5+ to all ! door ( le>n+4 ,! "o p>ty w\ld pres]ve ! fai? 9 ! h&s ( a select few1 ! o!r w\ld put ! ,bible into e man's h&s4 ,x is an old controv]sy2 b we suppose ne>ly all ^? = :om we write are ( ! second p>ty1 m5 :o w\ld gladly see e ,*ri/ian able to read ! ,bible & to base 8 religi\s life ^u x4 ,we /& = ! op5 ,bible2 we believe t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 e c\ntry w progress & develop /rongly if x is bas$ on a widespread k ( ,holy ,writ1 & we are prep>$ to believe t a capacity to read ! ,bible is a sure sign ( heal? 9 any ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! te/ ( lit]acy commonly adopt$ 9 our missions is ! capacity to read ! ,holy ,gospels3 we accept t gladly & confid5tly4 ,fur!rmore1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! c\ntry w l>gely dep5d ^u ! ext5t to :i* ! ,*ri/ians are bett] able to read & und]/& lit]>y expression ?an _! hea!n neighb\rs4 ,we want !n to "k ! lit]acy ( ! ,*ri/ian community z comp>$ ) ! lit]acy ( ! non-,*ri/ian population f :i* x spr+s1 &1 if possible1 a little m ?an t--:at proportion ( ! ,*ri/ians h _h a suffici5t education to enable !m n only to satisfy ! v slight dem&s ( a lit]>y te/1 b to h "s wid] k ) :i* to improve _! own position & to enlight5 o!rs4 ,! table :i* results is z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,non-,*ris-,propor- ,total ,propor- ,proportion ,rem>ks & tian tion ( ,*ri/ian tion ( ( ,*ri/ians ,conclusions4 ,popula- ,lit]- ,con/i- ,lit]- ( ,high] tion4 ates4 tu5cy4 ates4 ,education4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,9 ?is table we t\* "o ( ! po9ts on :i* exact figures are (t5 inaccessible & an e/imate mu/ be made4 ,an e/imate :i* is recognis$ z an e/imate is n mislead+1 &1 if x is c>efully made & bas$ on evid5ce und]/ood1 is g5]ally mo/ useful1 only e/imates c>elessly made & mi/ak5 = precise & accurate /atem5ts ( fact are mislead+4 ,^! tables w\ld1 we sugge/1 suffice to give u a fairly cle> idea ( ! /r5g? ( ! =ce at "w1 especially if !y are tak5 9 conjunction ) ! tables :i* we sugge/ "u ! head+ ( ! ,native ,*ur* 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 :]e we deal p>ticul>ly ) organisation4 ,we ought n[ to be able to =m "s idea ( ! "w to be done & ( ! =ce to d x4 ,we "k 9 quantitative t]ms ! "w to be done1 we "k ! relative =ce ( mission>ies1 we "k ! relative /r5g? ( ! native ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy1 its communicants1 its work]s1 its education1 its weal?1 9 relation to ! "w to be done4 ,we h n[ to consid] h[ ! =ce is direct$1 along :at l9es x is appli$1 & h[ its ef=ts are co-ord9at$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,emphasis ,,laid ,,^u ,,diff]5t ,,types ,,( ,,"w4 ,:5 we "k ! area & ! =ce at "w 9 x1 we mu/ next consid] h[ ?is =ce is appli$4 ,we ne$ to "k 9 :at proportion x works among/ m5 & wom51 h[ f> diff]5t classes ( ! population are rea*$ by x1 & :at emphasis is plac$ ^u diff]5t =ms ( "w1 evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 & educational4 ,we propose !n f\r tables :i* w help u to und]/& ^! ?+s4 ,fir/1 we inquire into ! relative /r5g? ( ! =ce 9 relation to "w among m5 & wom54 ,9 ! =eign mission>y =ce we di/+ui% m51 wives1 & s+le wom52 9 ! native =ce we di/+ui% only m5 & wom52 because m>riage g5]ally affects ! "* ( ! =eign]'s "w m ?an x affects ! "* ( ! "w done by ! native ,*ri/ians :o live 9 _! own homes among _! own p4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,s+le ,wom5 & ,rem>ks & ,m5 ,wives ,wid[s ,conclusions ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,=eign mission>ies4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,wom5 ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,native work]s 7paid7 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,s9ce x is g5]ally agre$ t m5 9 ! ma9 appeal to m51 & wom5 to wom51 t table %\ld tell u r\ghly :at is ! =ce at "w 9 relation to m5 & wom52 & any mi/ake 9 t supposition w be *eck$ by ! /ati/ics = ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy1 :i* s]ve a d\ble purpose4 ,! /ati/ics ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy %[ u n only an important "p ( ! ,*ri/ian =ce at "w 9 relation to ! m5 & wom5 ( ! non-,*ri/ian population2 b 9 relation to ! =eign]s & ! native work]s !y also help u to see h[ f> ! idea t m5 appeal to m5 & wom5 to wom51 is 9 fact a good work+ rule4 ,next x is desirable to "k to :at classes ! mission especially appeals4 ,"h we %all probably h to accept e/imates1 sometimes r\gh e/imates1 = "p at lea/ ( ! in=mation desirable2 9 "s cases ! table may be impossible2 9 "s x may be mo/ useful4 ,! table :i* we sugge/ is3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,9 ! ,population ( ,/ation ,di/rict-- ,p] ,c5t4,p] ,c5t4,p] ,c5t4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,rem>ks ,/ud5ts4,(ficials,agricultural ,trad]s4 ,lab\r]s1 & ,small ,hold]s4 ,craftsm54 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy-- ,p] ,c5t4,p] ,c5t4,p] ,c5t4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,p] ,c5t4 ,rem>ks ,/ud5ts4,(ficials,agricultural ,trad]s4 ,lab\r]s1 & ,small ,hold]s4 ,craftsm54 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,if t table c\ld be fill$ up x w\ld %[ at a glance :at class ( ! p 0 rea*$ mo/ easily & fully1 & :e!r any 7 unduly neglect$4 ,!n1 9 _m /ation areas !re are div]g5cies ( race & religion1 & x is important to "k h[ f> ! mission is rea*+ ea* ( ^!4 ,9 "s areas1 = in/ance1 l>ge numb]s ( conv]ts are made f ! pagan population :il/ a ,moslem population 9 ! area is practically unt\*$2 9 "s ne>ly all ! conv]ts are made f "o ca/e out ( _m4 ,t is no reason = adv]se criticism ( ! mission3 x may be1 & (t5 is1 a reason = /rik+ h>d] at ! po9t on :i* ! "w is n[ mo/ successful2 b x is a fact :i* ?r[s great light on ! nature ( ! "w done & ^u ! "* ( ! ,*ur* :i* is ris+ 9 ! area1 & !re=e _c be ignor$4 ,we app5d !n a table to reveal ?is3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,area ( ,races1 ,ca/es1 ,rem>ks & ,religions1 etc4 ,conclusions ,proportion ( ,population ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,proportion ( ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy d]iv$ f ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,we _c possibly supply ! table complete = all areas 9 ! _w4 ,we sugge/ t su* a table kept up to date w\ld reveal n only facts useful to illu/rate ! progress ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b also to %[ ! progress ( aggressive non-,*ri/ian religions su* z ,mohamm$anism4 ,!n we want to "k :at is ! emphasis put on diff]5t =ms ( mission>y "w1 evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 educational4 ,"h we come to a difficulty4 ,m$ical mission>ies1 ?ank ,god1 d evangeli/ic "w1 & s d educational mission>ies1 & "o day we %all le>n t ! evangeli/ic mission>y1 te*nically s call$1 is do+ a mo/ important educational "w1 & (t5 truly m$ical1 heal+ "w4 ,! division is a te*nical "o & mission>y-he>t$ m5 beg9 to res5t x2 !y are all evangelic 9 _! "w1 if n te*nically evangeli/ic1 & ! division seems unreal1 unnatural1 untrue4 ,x w\ld be a sad day = our missions if m$ical & educational mission>ies ceas$ to be at he>t evangeli/s1 & 7 cont5t to leave evangeli/ic "w to o!rs4 ,nev]!less1 ! te*nical di/9ction is a real "o & mu/ be express$4 ,"s m5 express _! evangeli/ic f]v\r naturally & provid5tially 9 m$ical =m1 o!rs 9 s*ola/ic1 o!rs 9 tea*+1 prea*+1 & organis+ ( ! conv]ts & ! he>]s4 ,b h[ %all we divide !m8 ,! be/ plan seems to be to put ea* man into t category 9 :i* he sp5ds mo/ ( 8 "t1 & 9 cases ( d\bt to use fractions1 e4g4 a doctor may be z ke5 an evangeli/ & may prea* & /rive to conv]t 8 pati5ts z eag]ly z 8 colleague :o is call$ an evangeli/ic mission>y4 ,an evangeli/ic mission>y is p]haps a doctor by tra9+ or exp]i5ce1 & heals ! sick z eag]ly z 8 colleague :o is call$ a m$ical mission>y4 ,ea* is unwill+ to be catalogu$ 9 "o column only4 ,he feels1 & feels rightly1 t t s+le figure belies ! facts4 ,! evangeli/ic mission>y may be ! only doctor 9 ! :ole area :o really und]/&s ! use ( we/]n drugs & implem5ts1 ! doctor may be ! only evangeli/ 9 ! :ole area :o really kn[s h[ to prea* ! ,gospel 9 language :i* ! p c und]/&4 ,cle>ly1 9 su* cases ! only possible ?+ to d is to use a fraction1 ?\gh ! inn] tru? might be m easily express$ by figures :i* repres5t$ t "o man z two or ?ree4 ,! table !n is z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,mission>ies4 ,paid ,am\nt ( ,am\nt ( ,total ,rem>ks ,native ,=eign ,native ,funds & ,work]s ,funds ,funds includ+ ,con- ,sp5t ,sp5t ,gov]nm5t clusions on3 #a on3 #b ,grants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,evangeli/ic ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,m$ical4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,educational ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,o!r ,=ms ( ,"w4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,all funds d]iv$ f =eign]s except ,gov]nm5t grants4 ,footnote #b3 ,includ+ fees & contributions4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is table is design$1 l all ! o!rs1 to s]ve prim>ily "o s+le purpose4 ,s9ce t purpose is to %[ ! relative weight ?r[n by ! mission & ! ,*ri/ians into diff]5t =ms ( evangeli/ic expression1 all mission>ies1 all native work]s1 all funds ma9ly occupi$ 9 ea* =m are lump$ toge!r4 ,!re is no ne$ at ?is /age to di/+ui% doctors f nurses1 or ,bible-wom5 f pa/ors or prie/s4 ,f ^! tables we %\ld hope to ga9 a g5]al idea ( ! direction ( ! =ce at "w4 ,we ?ru/ 9 "h an inquiry conc]n+ a =m ( "w ^u :i* _m missions lay great /ress4 ,x is exce$+ly difficult to classify4 ,x is n c]ta9ly evangeli/ic "w1 ?\gh x is commonly organis$ by evangeli/ic work]s2 x is n educational 9 ! s5se t educational mission>ies accept x z a def9itely recognis$ "p ( _! "w1 ?\gh educational me?ods are employ$ & x (t5 has a di/9ctly educational purpose4 ,x is sometimes a =m ( ,sunday s]vice almo/ ak9 to a ,*ur* s]vice4 ,x is (t5 a =m ( *ildr5's s*ool :]e ! religi\s tea*+ giv51 or neglect$1 dur+ ! week 9 ! day s*ool is supplem5t$3 x is sometimes a =m ( elem5t>y s*ool = adults1 ,*ri/ian1 or inquir]s3 x is a =m ( ,bible s*ool = adult ,*ri/ian work]s4 ,x is a me?od ( propag&a = ! conv]sion ( hea!n *ildr5 or adults4 ,x is a =m ( "w :]e untra9$ ,*ri/ian volunt>y work]s f9d opportunity = express+ _! religi\s zeal2 x is a =m ( "w 9 :i* exp]ts 9 c]ta9 types ( elem5t>y religi\s tea*+ revel4 ,x is educational "w c>ri$ on by ^? :o are n te*nically educationali/s3 x is evangeli/ic "w c>ri$ on by ^? :o are n te*nically evangeli/s4 ,:at sort ( in=mation !n are we to seek conc]n+ x8 ,x is s important t x _c be omitt$2 x is s widespread t x almo/ dem&s special consid]ation2 x is s protean t tables design$ to reveal all its aspects & values w\ld be ) difficulty design$1 & t$i\sly m9ute4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ?is survey x w\ld be futile to ask1 z mo/ ( ! societies ask1 simply = ! numb] ( ,sunday s*ools1 ! numb] ( tea*]s1 & ! numb] ( s*ol>s4 ,f ^? b>e numb]s we c ga9 no in=mation :i* really enlight5s u4 ,we want to "k :at ! ,sunday s*ools exi/ =1 & :e!r !y are accompli%+ ! object ( _! exi/5ce4 ,b we _c def9e1 nor ev5 enum]ate all ! objects4 ,we !re=e arbitr>ily select ?ree :i* are directly relat$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur*1 & make "o table s]ve4 ,we inquire3 7#a7 ,h[ !y are relat$ to ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy2 f ?is we hope to le>n ! ext5t to :i* ,sunday s*ools are a "p ( ! ,*ur* life4 7#b7 ,h[ ! tea*]s are relat$ to ! communicants 7or full memb]s72 f ?is we hope to le>n ! ext5t to :i* ! volunt>y ef=t ( ! communicants f9ds expression 9 ?is "w4 7#c7 ,h[ ! s*ol>s are relat$ to baptisms & confirmations 7or admission z full memb]s72 f ?is we hope to le>n to :at ext5t ! ,sunday-s*ools are a recruit+ gr\nd = ! ,*ur*4 ,! table !n is z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,di/rict ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,numb] ( ,sunday ,s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,sunday ,s*ools to ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,sunday ,s*ool ,tea*]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,sunday ,s*ool ,s*ol>s4 7,m4_/,f47 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,sunday ,s*ool ,s*ol>s ,baptis$ 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,s*ol>s ,confirm$ or ,admitt$ ,full ,memb]s 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,m$ical ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,/ation ,,di/rict4 ,?us f> ( ! =ce 9 its g5]al aspect4 ,:5 we turn to clos] consid]ation ( ! m$ical & educational "w we meet ) a difficulty4 ,m$ical & educational "w1 z we h already po9t$ out1 (t51 if n g5]ally1 h a def9itely evangeli/ic "*1 b ea*1 nev]!less1 appe>s to be design$ to meet a special ne$ ( ! ,*ur* & p4 ,!re is a /rong t5d5cy 9 ?\ght1 & (t5 9 spee*1 to emphasise ?is special ne$ & to make x a di/9ct1 sep>ate ne$4 ,h]e9 lies a dang]4 ,m$ical missions are sometimes urg$ ^u our att5tion z ?\gh !y 7 f\nd$ to meet a m$ical ne$ ( ! p1 z if x 7 ! recognis$ & accept$ duty ( mission>y societies & ( mission>ies to supplant ! native m$ical practice by we/]n sci5tific me?ods z c]ta9ly & fully z x is _! recognis$ & accept$ duty to supplant native religion by ! fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,b t we = our "p emphatically d5y4 ,! "o may be a philan?ropic duty2 ! o!r c]ta9ly is a religi\s duty4 ,consequ5tly we d5y t !re is a m$ical ne$ :i* x is ! duty ( mission>ies to supply 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we affirm t !re is a religi\s ne$ :i* x is ! duty ( mission>ies to supply4 ,m$ical missions are1 & ought to be1 evangeli/ic 9 _! aim1 m]e h&maids#a ( evangelism4 ,simil>ly we d5y a sep>ate & di/9ct educational ne$ :i* x is ! duty ( mission>y societies to supply4 ,! mission>y societies ought n to take ^u !mselves ! supply ( e ne$4 ,we ?9k ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is misl$ :5 x all[s ! m$ical ne$ ( a c\ntry to be pres5t$ z a di/9ct ne$ :i* x is ! duty ( mission>ies to meet1 & :5 x all[s ! ignorance ( a c\ntry to be pres5t$ z a di/9ct ne$ :i* x is ! duty ( mission>ies to meet4 ,f su* a pres5tation educational missions become deta*$1 m$ical missions become deta*$1 ea* design$ to meet a di/9ct & sep>ate ne$ ( ! p4 ,footnote #a3 ,if any read] exp]i5ces a revulsion at ?is expression1 he w "k at once :at we mean :5 we say t a di/9ction has be5 drawn betwe5 evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 & educational missions z ?\gh !y 7 ?ree co-equal & sep>ate ?+s4 ,!y are n co-equal & !y ought n to be sep>ate4 ,education does n necess>ily reveal ,*ri/1 m$ical sci5ce does n necess>ily reveal ,*ri/1 only z education & m$ic9e assi/ ! revelation ( ,*ri/ are !y prop] subjects = ,*ri/ian mission>y ent]prise1 t is1 only :5 !y are cle>ly & unmi/akably subord9ate to an evangeli/ic purpose4 ,( c\rse we d n und]value m$ical & educational effici5cy3 effici5cy %\ld increase evangeli/ic p[]4 ,"o result ( ! %>p di/9ction :i* is drawn betwe5 m$ical & educational & evangeli/ic "w is t 9 "s c\ntries !re are di/9ct m$ical & educational associations :i* collect in=mation ab\t ! /ate ( m$ical & educational missions 9 ! c\ntry1 deal+ ) ^! mission>y activities mo/ prom95tly1 if n :olly1 f ! po9t ( view ( m$ical & educational effici5cy4 ,^! associations issue que/ionnaires & publi% reports (t5 m full1 detail$1 & c>efully compil$ ?an any evangeli/ic reports4 ,consequ5tly x is peculi>ly dang]\s = a layman unacqua9t$ ) ! work+ ( ^! associations to trespass ^u _! pres]ves4 ,^! dep>tm5tal surveys %\ld be treat$ sep>ately by exp]ts4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce we are deal+ ) ! "w ( ! /ation 9 its area1 & ?is "w includes (t5 m$ical & educational "w1 we _c pass ov] x ) no m ?an ! g5]al treatm5t :i* we h hi!rto giv54 ,we ne$ to "k :at is ! m$ical & :at ! educational "w c>ri$ on at ! /ation1 :5 ^! are view$1 z !y are view$1 sep>ately1 z di/9ct expressions ( mission>y zeal4 ,deal+ fir/ ) m$ical missions we suppose t ! "q might be put 9 ?is =m1 ,:at are ! m$ical mission>y res\rces available 9 ! di/rict 9 relation to ! ne$ :i* x is propos$ to meet8 ,"h aga9 !re arises ! difficulty t !re is no common agreem5t z to ! purpose ( ! m$ical "w ( ! mission>y societies4 ,:at are ! doctors !re =8 ,:at does ! hospital exi/ to d8 ,:o c tell8 ,s div]se are ! ideas ( diff]5t m5 on ?is subject1 s little ?\ght out1 t a man ( unusual exp]i5ce told u t he _h met few mission>y doctors :o c\ld answ] ! "q3 ,on ! basis ( :at facts ought ! "q ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a hospital to be decid$8 ,few c\ld tell him :e!r 9 s5d+ doctors ! mission>y societies ought to consid] ! duty ( c>+ = ! heal? ( _! mission>ies fir/ or la/4 ,few c\ld tell him :e!r ! c>e ( ! heal? ( ! *ildr5 9 s*ools & in/itutions 0 ! fir/ duty1 or ! la/1 or any duty at all1 ( ! m$ical mission>y4 ,yet obvi\sly1 ^? two po9ts if !y 7 once admitt$ w\ld influ5ce l>gely ! location ( doctors & hospitals4 ,aga91 we he> x argu$ t mission>y societies ought to e/abli% m$ical s*ools1 hospitals1 & in/itutions ( ! f9e/ possible type 9 ord] to %[ h[ ! ?+ really ought to be done1 to demon/rate ! v be/ example ( we/]n m$ical "w1 & to tra9 natives to a we/]n effici5cy4 ,t w\ld n only influ5ce ! location ( doctors & hospitals1 x w\ld also affect ! "* ( ! build+s & w\ld dem& a special type ( m$ical mission>y4 ,or aga91 we he> x argu$ t m$ical missions are ! po9t ( ! mission>y sword2 b if x is ! po9t ( ! sword !n x ought to be 9 front ( ! blade4 ,t1 too1 w\ld direct ! location ( ! doctors & hospitals4 ,x w\ld also affect ! "* ( ! build+ unless ! mission>y sword is to become an immovable object1 :i* hav+ once cleft a rock rema9s fa/ 9 ! brea* until a ,god-s5t h]o1 l ,k+ ,ar?ur1 appe>s to pull x out & set x to "w aga94 ,we _c /ate all ! diff]5t aims4 ,!y are n simple & =mulat$2 !y are complex & confus$4 ,v (t5 ! e/abli%m5t ( a m$ical mission turns ^u no m ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! facts ( ! situation ?an ! conviction ( a capable mission>y t !re is ne$ = m$ical "w 9 8 di/rict1 & t he mu/ supply x if he c1 & t he mu/ p]sev]e 9 appeals till he c supply x4 ,:5 a man asks3 ,on ! basis ( :at facts ought ?is or t to be done 9 ! mission field8 he has got a long way into ! complexity ( ! problem1 & ! ne$ = survey1 if a society is to act ) wisdom1 is already app>5t to him4 ,b mo/ m5 9 ! pa/ h act$ simply1 )\t mu* argum5t3 !y said1 ,"h is a ne$2 ,i c supply x1 & ! societies 7 ! fe$]s ( su* m54 ,naturally4 ,s "o hospital & a doctor 0 ! po9t ( a sword :i* 9 tw5ty ye>s' "t 0 /uck fa/ 9 ! rock2 & !n ! hospital 0 enl>g$ & became a m$ical s*ool "u ! f]v5t direction ( a doctor :o 0 a natural tea*]2 & !n x became an in/itution1 & !n "p ( a college4 ,& 9 all ?is !re may h be5 no def9ite policy1 any m ?an !re 0 any def9ite policy 9 ! guidance ( its tw9 bro!r1 :i*1 in/ead ( *ang+ its "*1 rema9$ :at x _h always be51 ! po9t ( a sword1 only buri$ 9 a rock1 compet+ feebly ) a ,gov]nm5t in/itution4 ,:5 "o writes ( mix$ motives1 & mix$ policies1 & mix$ me?ods1 x is natural to use mix$ metaphors4 ,b to return to our po9t4 ,x is n easy to say :at "s hospitals are !re =4 ,if we knew1 we c\ld at lea/ =mulate tables to set out ! progress :i* !y h made t[>ds ! object propos$4 ,t w\ld be reasonable survey z we h def9$ x4 ,to collect all possible in=mation conc]n+ all ! ?+s :i* ! doctor or hospital might d1 or may be do+1 unrelat$ to any end1 is to collect a mass ( in=mation :i* we _c use2 & t we h decl9$ to d4 ,:at c\rse !n c we pursue8 ,we propose fir/ to accept ! notion t ! m$ical mission is !re to supply a m$ical ne$ ( ! p1 & to consid] h[ f> x does t2 & !n to look at ! m$ical "w at ! /ation z def9itely design$ to assi/ ! evangelisation ( ! p1 z evangeli/ic 9 its purpose4 ,we h1 !re=e1 design$ a d\ble set ( tables to s]ve ^! two purposes4 ,fir/1 tables to %[ ! m$ical "w 9 relation to ! presum$ ne$ ( ! di/rict = we/]n m$ic9e4 ,"h1 z be=e = evangeli/ic "w1 s n[ = m$ical1 we h express$ ! relation betwe5 ! m$ical "w & ! di/rict 9 t]ms bo? ( area & population 9 ord] t ea* table may be a *eck ^u ! o!r4 ,?us3-- 7i7 ,9 t]ms ( area4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,numb] ( ,qualifi$,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,numb] (,numb] ( ,m$icals4,assi/ants4,hospitals4 ,nurses4 ,disp5s- aries4 ,di/rict4,area4------------------------- ----------------------- ,m4 ,f4 ,m4 ,f4 ,= ,= ,m4 ,f4 m5 wom5 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- 7ii7 ,9 t]ms ( population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,di/rict4 ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,proportion ( ,m$icals to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,proportion ( ,assi/ants to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,proportion ( ,nurses to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,proportion ( ,b$s to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,proportion ( ,disp5s>ies to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ?is second table ! items are n id5tical ) ^? 9 ! prec$+ table4 ,9 ! place ( hospitals we h b$s2 because 9 relation to ! area ! ?+ ( importance is ! numb] ( ! hospitals2 b 9 relation to population ! ?+ ( importance is ! numb] ( b$s available4 ,two hospitals 9 a s+le area are probably n 9 ! same place & imply m widespread influ5ce2 b if ea* has tw5ty b$s1 9 proportion to population x is ( no importance :e!r ! =ty b$s are 9 "o place or two3 =ty 9-pati5ts fill ! b$s4 ,b 9 m$ical "w1 :5 we are consid]+ ! ne$ ( ! di/rict1 ano!r factor ( importance (t5 ent]s4 ,! m$icals ( ! mission are (t5 n ! only m5 meet+ t ne$4 ,!re are (t5 o!rs1 ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 or private practition]s1 :o1 f ! po9t ( view ( m$ical practice1 are do+ ! same "w4 ,! m$ical ne$ ( a di/rict :]e ! mission>y doctor is ! only expon5t ( we/]n m$ic9e is n ! same z t ( ! di/rict :]e he is compet+ ) ,gov]nm5t or private doctors fully tra9$ z he is4 ,consequ5tly x is ess5tial 9 ord] to und]/& ! position t we %\ld "k :at o!r1 non-mission>y1 m$ical assi/ance is available1 & we ne$ ! foll[+ table3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,hospitals4,qualifi$,assi/ants4,nurses4, disp5s>ies4,b$s4 ,practi- tion]s4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,mission- ary ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,non- ,mission- ary ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,if any surveyor f9ds x difficult to fill 9 su* a table1 he mu/ make an e/imate1 b he ought to realise t a table ( ! k9d is a necess>y "p ( any appeal = increas$ support2 = support _c be reasonably giv5 to 8 "w on ! gr\nd ( ?is m$ical ne$ unless ^! facts are kn[n4 ,( c\rse t does n mean t support ought to be giv5 or )held solely on ! /ati/ics s provid$4 ,!re may be a ?\s& reasons = /r5g!n+ & enl>g+ "w :]e ?is table w\ld sugge/ less ne$2 b no support %\ld be giv5 9 ignorance ( ^! facts4 ,!n we ne$ tables to reveal1 z f> z su* tables c reveal any?+1 ! ext5t ( ! m$ical mission "w done 9 ! ye>4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,di/rict,area,popul-,hospital ,disp5s>y1,total,propor- ,rem>ks ation ,pati5ts 9,pati5ts 9,pat- tion ( & ,ye> ,ye> i5ts,pati5ts ,conclu- to ,popul-sions ation ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,m4,f4,*ild,m4,f4,*ild ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,turn+ !n f ! m$ical ne$ to be met1 we propos$ to inquire into ! m$ical "w z an evangeli/ic ag5cy4 ,?is inquiry is h>d to =mulate2 b we sugge/ t ! ?ree tables app5d$1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! prec$+1 w\ld ?r[ c]ta9 light on ?is "q1 & w\ld help t[>ds a true und]/&+4 ,fir/1 we inquire into ! relative ext5t to :i* ! m$ical work]s make use ( ! assi/ance ( evangeli/ic work]s4 ,?is table w\ld n reveal ! evangeli/ic influ5ce ( ! hospital4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re is sometimes a t5d5cy = ! m$ical m5 & wom5 to d m$ical "w exclusively1 & to leave all religi\s "w to ! evangeli/ic work]s1 & to give way to ! temptation to imag9e t if evangeli/ic work]s read or prea* 9 ! wait+-room & visit ! pati5ts1 ! m$icals c be satisfi$ t !y h done _! duty z m$ical mission>ies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a m$ical :o does 8 m$ical "w 9 ! ,_s1 :o speaks to & prays ) 8 pati5ts1 ex]cises an evangeli/ic influ5ce wid] & deep] ?an t ( _m ( ! evangeli/ic work]s directly s call$1 & 9 su* a case ! fact t ! evangeli/ic work]s are app>5tly lack+ 9 ! hospital does n at all %[ t ! m$ical "w is n a /rong evangeli/ic =ce4 ,b any dang] ( misguidance :i* might arise if ?is table /ood alone mu/ be c\nt]act$ by ! o!r tables2 = ! ?ree c be tak5 toge!r4 ,& :5 ?is all[ance has be5 made ! table is useful ) ! o!rs1 & lights "o side ( ! "q be=e u4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,hospitals ,disp5s>ies 7,:]e ^! are n atta*$ to hospitals7 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,numb] ( ,m$icals on ,/aff4#a ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,proportion to ,pati5ts4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,numb] ( ,evangeli/ic ,work]s on ,/aff4#a ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,proportion to ,pati5ts4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,by on /aff we mean regul>ly atta*$ to1 or regul>ly visit+4 ,:5 we h se5 ! ext5t to :i* ! m$icals use ! evangeli/ic work]s 9 _! in/itutions1 we ne$ to "k ! ext5t to :i* ! m$icals assi/ ! evangeli/ic work]s outside ! in/itutions4 ,we put ?is 9 ! =m ( a table design$ to reveal ! ext5t to :i* ! m$icals assi/ 9 evangeli/ic t\rs1 help+ ! evangeli/ic work]s on t\r1 ei!r by heal+ ! sick on ! spot1 or by s5d+ !m to ! hospitals1 or by prea*+1 or 9 all ^! ways4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,rem>ks ,evange- ,evangeli/ic,m$icals ,days sp5t by,days sp5t& li/ic ,work]s ,assi/+4,evangeli/ic by ,conclu- ,t\rs4 ,assi/+4 ,work]s4 ,m$icals4 sions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,f9ally1 we inquire h[ f> ! direct evangeli/ic influ5ce ( ! hospitals & disp5s>ies c be trac$4 ,we might at fir/ suppose t ?is c\ld be done by ask+ ! numb] ( inquir]s enroll$ z a direct consequ5ce ( att5dance at hospitals & disp5s>ies2 b x is n surpris+ t pati5ts are will+ to enrol _! names z inquir]s simply to please ! doctors or nurses1 )\t any int5tion ( pursu+ ! matt] fur!r :5 !y leave ! hospital2 & consequ5tly su* a "q by itself might be v mislead+4 ,we !re=e add two fur!r que/ions1 ! fir/1 :at numb] ( communicants trace _! conv]sion to _! visits to hospitals or disp5s>ies1 ! second1 :at numb] ( places h be5 op5$ to ,*ri/ian tea*]s & prea*]s by ! influ5ce ( doctors & pati5ts4 ,"s mission>y doctors are mu* int]e/$ 9 ?is inquiry1 & we all might well be int]e/$ 9 x4 ,! answ]s w\ld be a mo/ important contribution to our /udy1 & might g f> to ju/ify m$ical missions z an evangeli/ic ag5cy4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,numb] ( ,inquir]s ,enroll$ 9 ! ,ye> z a ,direct ,consequ5ce ( ,att5dance at ,hospitals & ,disp5s>ies4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,total ,inquir]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,enroll$ 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,numb] ( ,communicants ,d]iv$ f ,att5dance at ,hospitals & ,disp5s>ies 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,communicants ,enroll$ 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,numb] ( ,places ,op5$ to ,*ri/ian ,tea*]s ?r\gh ! ,influ5ce ( ,doctors or ,pati5ts 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,proportion ( ,total ,places ,op5$ 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,conclusions & ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,educational ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,/ation ,,di/rict4 ,! difficulty ( provid+ tables = ! survey ( educational "w is z great z t ( f9d+ tables = m$ical "w1 & = ! same reasons4 ,!re is ! same sep>at5ess1 ! same div]sity ( imm$iate aim1 ! same alt]ation ( "*1 ! same unc]ta9ty ( policy4 ,educational missions h be5 design$ to conv]t ! "y :il/ !y 7 yet pliable1 to influ5ce ! gr[+ g5]ation 9 ord] to prep>e = a great advance ( ,*ri/ianity lat]1 to ,*ri/ianise society1 to educate "y ,*ri/ians 9 a ,*ri/ian atmosph]e1 to prep>e lead]s = ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 to elevate an ignorant & illit]ate ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,all ^! v>i\s objects h be5 set be=e u z ! reasons = ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools1 bo? sep>ately1 ea* 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 & unit$ly1 all at ! same "t1 z ?\gh "o s*ool c\ld fulfil all ^! diff]5t purposes )\t any confusion4 ,at "o & ! same mom5t ,*ri/ian *ildr5 7 to be educat$ 9 a ,*ri/ian atmosph]e1 & non-,*ri/ian *ildr5 9 l>ge numb]s 7 admitt$1 & non-,*ri/ian tea*]s employ$4 ,at ! same "t non-,*ri/ian *ildr5 7 to be conv]t$ & n conv]t$1 b fill$ ) ,*ri/ian ideas4 ,all ^! aims & objects are confus$ly set =?1 ea* z its turn comes r\nd1 z ! imm$iate aim ( our educational missions2 b ! attempt to draw tables = a survey :i* %all embrace imp>tially all ^! objects is en\gh to satisfy ! inquir] t !y are n easily comb9$ into "o4 ,we propose1 !re=e1 9 ?is bewild]+ maze ( mix$ purposes & ideas1 to foll[ ! l9e :i* seem$ possible 9 ! case ( m$ical missions--to accept ! idea t !re is an educational ne$ ( ! p :i* x is ! bus9ess ( ! educational mission to meet s f> z x c2 & !n to add a fur!r inquiry conc]n+ ! direct evangeli/ic influ5ce ( ! educational mission1 & its relation to ! evangeli/ic & m$ical "w4 ,b 9 educational mission survey !re is an add$ difficulty :i* arises f ! fact t s*ola/ic education is divid$ into _m grades1 & ?is division has no common /&>d 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 sometimes n ev5 9 ! same c\ntry4 ,we1 !n1 :o are seek+ light n f "o c\ntry only b f all1 are compell$ to simplify ^! grade di/9ctions z mu* z possible1 & to accept ! local def9itions4 ,?is does n really invalidate comp>isons betwe5 diff]5t areas s s]i\sly z we might at ! fir/ glance be tempt$ to expect4 ,!re is 9 e c\ntry a grade :i* is prim>y2 !re is a second>y1 or middle1 or high s*ool2 !re is a normal1 or college1 or arts c\rse4 ,! prim>y 9 "o c\ntry may run into high] prim>y & be at its be/ f> 9 advance ( ! prim>y 9 ano!r c\ntry2 & s f> ! two are incomp>able2 b1 nev]!less1 ?is prim>y grade is ! l[e/ grade 9 ea* c\ntry1 & if ! inquiry is1 :at numb] ( pupils are taught 9 ?is local fir/ grade1 !n ! comp>ison is admissible4 ,simil>ly ( ! second grade & ! ?ird4 ,if ! inquiry is und]/ood to imply no m ?an x /ates1 & no conclusion is drawn z to ! relative /age or m]its ( ! education 9 ! two c\ntries 9 relation to "o ano!r1 x may ju/ly be argu$ t ! prim>y pupils 9 "o c\ntry /& 9 relation to ! illit]ate & m highly educat$ pupils 9 _! own c\ntry 9 a simil> position to t 9 :i* ! prim>y pupils 9 ano!r c\ntry /& to ! illit]ate & m highly educat$ pupils 9 _! own c\ntry2 ?\gh ! prim>y pupils 9 ! "o may be f> m advanc$ ?an ! prim>y pupils 9 ! o!r4 ,on ?is basis a possible comp>ison c be made4 ,b s9ce colleges & normal s*ools g5]ally s]ve a l>g] area ?an ! /ation di/rict1 ^! are res]v$ = prov9cial survey1 & ! pres5t tables deal ) no?+ above ! second>y1 or middle1 or high s*ool4 ,9 ! /ation di/rict area ! matt] ( *ief importance is ! ext5t to :i* ! ne$ ( ! di/rict = prim>y & second>y education is met1 & ! proportion 9 :i* ! ne$s ( ! _m & ! few are met4 ,( c\rse :]e ! surveyor has be=e him m elaborate tables prep>$ = "s bo>d1 he c s]ve all purposes be/ by keep+ ^? tables c>efully & s5d+ copies ( !m to ^? :o may be int]e/$4 ,our ha/y division into prim>y & high] ?an prim>y is only design$ to save tr\ble 9 ^? di/ricts :]e no elaborate di/9ctions & def9itions h be5 made4 ,if x is desirable = purposes ( comp>ison to r$uce tables f diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w to a common basis1 s long z ! tables suppli$ f any "p d n conta9 less ?an ! tables "h sugge/$1 ! comp>ison c easily be made1 = :at x is wor?4 ,we beg9 !n ) ! educational "w done 9 ! /ation di/rict z design$ to meet a di/9ct educational ne$4 ,! fir/ tables1 !re=e1 correspond to ! fir/ evangeli/ic & m$ical tables & set =? ! quantitative ext5t ( ! educational "w 9 relation to ! area & to ! population4 ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,second>y or ,rem>ks & ,di/rict4 ,area4 ,prim>y ,s*ools4 ,middle or ,conclusions4 ,high ,s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,propor- ,propor- ,numb] tion ,numb] tion ,popula- ( to ( to ,re- ,di/rict4 tion4 ,prim>y ,popula- ,high] ,popula-m>ks4 ,tea*]s4 tion4 ,tea*]s4 tion4 ,"h x w be not$ t :]eas 9 ! area x is ! numb] ( s*ools :i* is consid]$1 9 relation to population x is ! numb] ( tea*]s1 because 9 ! area ! po9t ( importance is ! accessibility ( ! s*ools2 :il/ 9 relation to ! population x is ! numb] ( tea*]s :i* reveals to :at ext5t ! population is s]v$4 ,!n simil> reasons to ^? :i* l$ u to take into acc\nt ! non-mission>y m$ical assi/ance 9 ! area =ce u to consid] ! non-mission>y education4 ,if we are to consid] s*ola/ic education z a ne$ ( ! p at all1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! pres5ce ( ,gov]nm5t or private s*ools makes a great diff]5ce to ! situation1 & if an appeal = m$ical missions ought to be affect$ by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( non-mission>y m$ical assi/ance1 equally ought an appeal = educational missions 9 any area to be affect$ by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( non-mission>y educational facilities4 ,x may be true t if ! aim ( educational missions 7 def9$ z ! provision ( educational facilities "u ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 ! pres5ce ( non-,*ri/ian educational facilities1 9 proportion to _! magnitude1 might be a *all5ge to ,*ri/ians to increase !irs4 ,on ?is basis ! mission w\ld delib]ately compete ) ,gov]nm5t s*ools :]e ,gov]nm5t s*ools 7 /ronge/4 ,b if ! mission is design$ to supply a lib]al education = ,*ri/ians1 ! pres5ce ( ,gov]nm5t s*ools does n necess>ily induce competition4 ,we might well pond] ! "q put by a ,*ri/ian conv]t 9 ,india1 :5 discuss+ ! use ( educational missions by ! mission>y societies3 ,h9dus1 he said1 are n det]r$ f s5d+ _! *ildr5 to ,*ri/ian s*ools by ! fe> t !y w cease to be ,h9dus1 & d ! societies ?9k s little ( our religion t !y are afraid t our *ildr5 w\ld cease to be ,*ri/ians if !y att5d$ a ,gov]nm5t s*ool8 ,:atev] answ] we give to t "q1 9 ei!r case ! exi/5ce ( non-,*ri/ian s*ools is a s]i\s & important factor 9 ! situation4 ,we !re=e inquire into ! non-mission>y educational "w done 9 ! area4 ,we are well aw>e t 9 _m cases ! surveyor w f9d x difficult to supply ! requir$ in=mation1 & may be driv5 to make an e/imate2 b ! in=mation ought to be provid$ = any true & j adm9i/ration ( educational mission funds1 & e/imates mu/ be "h reg>d$ z at ! be/ a poor sub/itute1 ?\gh "u exi/+ circum/ances p]haps a necess>y "o4 ,propor- ,high] ,propor- ,prim>y tion ( or ,tea*- tion ( ,re- ,s*ools,tea*]s,tea*]s ,second- ers4 ,tea*]sm>ks4 to ,popu- ary to ,popu- lation4 ,s*ools4 lation4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,mission>y -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,non- ,mission>y -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,!n we ne$ to consid] ! ext5t to :i* ! educational ef=ts ( ! mission are us$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! bett] educat$ & ( ! m ignorant4 ,?is w be reveal$ by ! av]age att5dance 9 ! diff]5t classes ( s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,propor- ,propor- ,re- ,s*ol>s tion ( tion (m>ks 9 ,prim>y ,s*ol>s,total ,second>y ,s*o- ,total & ,mission ,s*ools4 ,s*o- ,s*ools4 l>s4 ,s*o- ,conclu- ,s*ools4 l>s4 l>s4 sions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,!n we mu/ inquire into ! proportion 9 :i* ! education giv5 9 ! s*ools is giv5 to boys & to girls4 ,?is is peculi>ly important 9 consid]+ ! influ5ce ( s*ool education ^u ! ris+ g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians1 s9ce well-taught girls make intellig5t & helpful wives & mo!rs1 & ?is t5ds enorm\sly to ! advancem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,& ! same tru? applies to ! non-,*ri/ian population4 ,mission ,mission ,rem>ks & ,prim>y ,s*ools4 ,second>y ,s*ools4 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,boys4 ,girls4 ,boys4 ,girls4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,*ri/ian or ,f ,*ri/ian homes4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,non-,*ri/ian ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,"h we divid$ ,*ri/ians f non-,*ri/ians1 & ?us ! table s]ves a d\ble purpose4 ,x tells u ! division ( ! s*ol>s by sex & also by fai?4 ,x ?r[s light ^u ! condition ( ! ,*ri/ian community & ^u ! ext5t to :i* mission s*ool education is giv5 to ,*ri/ians & non-,*ri/ians4 ,"o o!r po9t mu/ be consid]$ 9 connection ) mission s*ools because x ?r[s great light ^u ! "* ( ! s*ools & _! purpose4 ,x is ! ext5t to :i* ! educational mission receives ,gov]nm5t support4 ,if !re is any d\bt z to ! dom9ant aim & purpose ( a s*ool1 ! fact t x receives ,gov]nm5t aid reveals at once t 9 ! eyes ( ! ,gov]nm5t x /&s = ! g5]al enlight5m5t ( ! population r ?an = any direct evangelisation4 ,! dom9ant aim ( ! ,gov]nm5t is g5]al enlight5m5t1 & ! ,gov]nm5t gives no grant )\t "s sort ( control4 ,if !n a s*ool receives a ,gov]nm5t grant ! dom9ant idea ( g5]al enlight5m5t w c]ta9ly ex]cise great influ5ce ov] its direction4 ,consequ5tly1 if we "k :at proportion ( ! s*ools 9 any mission receive a ,gov]nm5t grant1 we h at lea/ "s guidance z to ! ext5t to :i* ! mission accepts ! aim ( g5]al enlight5m5t4 ,we h also "s assurance t ! s*ools rea* ! ,gov]nm5t /&>d ( effici5cy 9 ! tea*+ ( secul> subjects4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,prim>y ,proportion ,high] ,proportion ,rem>ks ,s*ools ,receiv+ ,s*ools4 ,receiv+ & ,gov]nm5t ,gov]nm5t ,conclusions4 ,grant1 if any4 ,grant4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,hi!rto we h dealt only ) s*ools 9 :i* ! pupils are probably = ! mo/ "p *ildr52 b 9 "s c\ntries ! mission makes a great ef=t to enlight5 ! illit]ate adults1 especially ! illit]ate adult ,*ri/ians1 & ?us1 z 9 ,*9a1 mission>ies propagate simplifi$ sy/ems ( writ+ ! language1 or 9 o!r c\ntries h r$uc$ to writ+1 languages :i* possess$ no script4 ,we h already set out ! reason :y ?is appeals especially to ,prote/ant mission>ies4 ,! read+ ( ! ,bible is a key/one 9 _! evangeli/ic sy/em1 & ) !m ,*ri/ianity & read+ g h& 9 h&4 ,we mu/ !n make room 9 our survey = a movem5t s pr(\nd1 s widespread1 & s vitally important1 & a movem5t ( ?is "* des]ves & dem&s a sep>ate table4 ,x _c be conf\nd$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ord9>y prim>y s*ools4 ,x is ess5tial t we %\ld inquire :at education is giv5 to ! illit]ate adults ( ! area2 & we mu/ inquire 9 :at proportion ?is tea*+ is giv5 to ,*ri/ians & non-,*ri/ians1 because ?is proportion is v significant4 ,! tea*+ ( read+ to ! illit]ate is by "s mission>ies view$ z a means prep>atory to ! prea*+ ( ! gospel1 a gift to be giv5 z widely z possible1 9 ! belief t ! m :o c read1 ! bett] w be ! he>+ giv5 to ! prea*]s ( ,*ri/2 by o!rs ! tea*+ is giv5 r to illit]ate inquir]s & conv]ts1 & x is giv5 to !m z a def9itely ,*ri/ian gift = ! edification ( ! individual & ( ! ,*ur*4 ,by ! "o ?is tea*+ w\ld be class$ ) ! g5]al "w ( ,*ri/ian educational missions = ! :ole community1 ! meet+ ( ! g5]al intellectual ne$ ( ! di/rict2 by ! o!r x w\ld be class$ z a "p ( ! "w done by ! educational mission = ! enlight5m5t ( ! ,*ur*1 ! meet+ ( a ne$ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,by ! "o x w\ld be class$ ) ! tables :i* deal ) ! relation ( ! educational to ! evangeli/ic "w2 by ! o!r ) ! tables :i* deal ) ! educational "w view$ z meet+ a special ne$4 ,! table sugge/$ is3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,illit]ate ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,tea*]s ( ,illit]ate ,adults4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,illit]ate ,adult ,s*ol>s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,*ri/ian4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,non-,*ri/ian ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,illit]ate ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,tea*]s to ,illit]ate ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,?is table leads u naturally to consid] ! educational "w done 9 ! /ation area f an evangeli/ic po9t ( view4 ,we mu/ inquire !n into ! ext5t to :i* evangeli/ic mission>ies assi/ 9 ! s*ools1 & educational mission>ies assi/ 9 evangeli/ic "w1 & ! evangeli/ic results s f> z !y c be trac$ ( ! "w 9 s*ools4 ,we ask fir/ ! ext5t to :i* educationali/s employ ! s]vices ( evangeli/ic work]s 9 _! s*ools & in/itutions4 ,z we po9t$ out 9 deal+ ) ! relation betwe5 m$ical & evangeli/ic "w1 s "h we w\ld insi/ t ?is p>ticul> table is n by itself a good guide4 ,!re is a s]i\s dang] 9 an in/itution1 :e!r m$ical or educational1 ( divid+ ! "w 9 ?is way4 ,we h already ass]t$ our conviction t m$ical mission>ies %\ld be evangeli/ic1 & educational mission>ies evangeli/ic also4 ,b :5 evangeli/ic work]s di/9ctly s call$ are on ! /aff ( hospitals or s*ools1 !re is a dang] le/ ! m$icals & ! educationali/s %\ld consid] !mselves absolv$ f p]sonal ef=t by ! occasional pres5ce ( an evangeli/4 ,let him d ! religi\s prea*+1 & let me d ! secul> tea*+4 ,prea*+ is 8 job1 tea*+ is m9e4 ,?us a division is creat$ :i* reacts s]i\sly ^u ! "w ( bo?4 ,! pupils le>n to di/+ui% ! "o "w f ! o!r1 z sep>ate & di/9ct dep>tm5ts4 ,!y pref] ! "o1 !y are bor$ by ! o!r4 ,no man c s]ve two ma/]s2 & if ! religi\s tea*+ is pla9ly 9 ! h&s ( "o tea*] & ! secul> tea*+ pla9ly 9 ! h&s ( ! o!r1 !y w t5d to ?9k t !y c hold to ! "o & despise ! o!r4 ,?is we say is a dang]1 b x is n an unavoidable dang]4 ,only we mu/ n judge t an in/itution is do+ good evangeli/ic "w because evangeli/ic s]vices are held 9 x4 ,! table is z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,s*ools4 ,numb] ( ,s*ools ,proportion ( ,s*ools ,rem>ks & ,regul>ly ,visit$ ,visit$ by ,conclusions4 by ,evangeli/s4 ,evangeli/s4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,!n !re is a mo/ important "w :i* ! educational evangeli/ does1 or might d1 outside ! s*ool4 ,p]haps we ought to expla9 ?is2 = _m support]s ( missions are unfamili> ) ! idea4 ,!y ?9k ( ! "w ( educational mission>ies z necess>ily b\nd up ) s*ools & in/itutions4 ,a tea*] )\t a s*ool1 or outside a s*ool1 seems to !m r l a gunn] )\t a gun4 ,if an educational mission>y goes on an evangeli/ic t\r x is1 !y ?9k1 z an evangeli/ t he goes1 n z an educationali/4 ,yet1 if we und]/ood ! "w ( an evangeli/ic educationali/1 we %\ld n ?9k x /range to meet an educational mission>y on t\r1 do+ evangeli/ic educational "w4 ,evangeli/ic "w is educational to ! core1 & x leads to educational results4 ,no evangeli/ic "w among/ an illit]ate1 or a lit]ate1 p c be really complete1 if x does n lead at once to ! organisation ( education among/ ! conv]ts & he>]s4 ,! illit]ate mu/ be taught to read ! ,gospels1 & x dem&s an exp]t 9 ! tea*+ ( illit]ates to direct _! /udies2 ! illit]ate & ! lit]ate conv]ts alike mu/ be taught to trans=m t education :i* !y all give daily to _! *ildr51 :e!r 9 ! home or 9 a s*ool1 into ,*ri/ian education1 & ?is too dem&s ! att5tion ( a skill$ educationali/4 ,?is "w is invaluable & mo/ excit+ & int]e/+ "w1 & mu/ produce results :i*1 = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur*1 are almo/ incalculably important4 ,z !n = ! m$ical mission>ies1 s = ! educationali/s we ask3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,evangeli/ic ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,conclusions ,t\rs4 ,evangeli/ic,educationali/s,days ,sp5t by& ,rem>ks4 ,work]s4 ,assi/+4 ,evangeli/s on ,t\r4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,:5 we turn to ! imm$iate evangeli/ic results ( ! education giv5 9 ! /ation di/rict1 we lab\r "u difficulties ev5 great] ?an ^? :i* we met :5 we tri$ to =mulate tables to reveal ! ext5t to :i* m$ical missions 7 effective z an evangeli/ic ag5cy4 ,! difficulty lies 9 ! fact t ! educational mission>ies :o set be=e !mselves z ! aim ( _! "w a f> di/ant goal to be atta9$ by ! cumulative effect ( ,*ri/ian influ5ce br\ght to be> ^u g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( *ildr5 :o d n !mselves become ,*ri/ians1 naturally res5t a table :i* seems to dem& a pres5t1 imm$iate1 result 9 ! tabulation ( baptisms1 & we fe> t ! o!r tables w h>dly reconcile !m1 because we are afraid t few educational mission>ies h yet le>n$ to und]/& :at a va/ & important & absorb+ly int]e/+ "w ! education ( ! conv]ts outside ! s*ools af=ds4 ,consequ5tly we %iv] :5 we ?9k ( ! reception :i* ^! tables are likely to receive at ! h&s ( "s ( our fri5ds 9 =eign c\ntries1 & our e>s t+le 9 anticipation4 ,nev]!less1 if we are to be told1 & to act on ! he>+1 t ,*ri/ian s*ools are f\nd$ because x is easi] to conv]t ! "y ?an ! old1 & ! twig c be b5t :ile ! tree resi/s till x breaks1 we mu/ inquire h[ f> ?is say+ is ju/ifi$ by exp]i5ce4 ,a survey :i* neglect$ ! factors :i* ?r[ light ^u x w\ld be a p>tial & unju/ "o4 ,h5ce we ask fir/-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,s*ol>s ,baptism ,baptism ,confirmation ,rem>ks ( ( or ,admission & ,s*ol>s ,p>5ts z ,full ,conclusions ,memb]s ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,prim>y ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,second>y ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- & secondly-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,numb] ( ,places ,op5$ to ,rem>ks ,*ri/ian ,tea*]s by ! ,proportion ( ,total & ,influ5ce ( ,s*ol>s4 ,places ,occupi$4 ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,^! two tables w give u "s idea ( ! direct influ5ce ( ! educational mission z an evangeli/ic =ce4 ,"s are anxi\s to "k :at support ! educational & m$ical "w call =? f ! natives = :om ^! are set 9 h&4 ,!y want ?is in=mation1 we suppose1 z a help t[>ds an und]/&+ ( ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by ^! diff]5t =ms ( "w4 ,if ! natives support !m g5]\sly !n !y h obvi\sly be5 impress$ by !m fav\rably4 ,& p]haps ! ext5t ( native support may sugge/ ! measure to :i* our "w z m$ical & educational mission>ies is approa*+ a successful end4 ,we !re=e include a table id5tical = m$ical & educational work]s3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,total ,total ,native ,volunte]s ,exp5se ,=eign ,contribution = ( ,"w 9 ,contribution4 ,fees & ,tra9+4 ,/ation ,donations4 ,area4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,m$ical ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,educational ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,co-,,op]ation ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,mission4 ,we h n[ survey$ ! evangeli/ic1 m$ical1 & educational "w 9 ! /ation di/rict1 view$ sep>ately4 ,x rema9s to unify ! results1 t we may get1 if possible1 a def9ite conception ( ! :ole4 ,! effectiv5ess ( ! mission ma*9]y l>gely dep5ds ^u ! relation ( ^! p>ts to "o ano!r4 ,! mission ought n to be ?ree sep>ate ?+s b "o ?+2 = ! impression produc$ ^u ! non-,*ri/ian population is ! result ( ! comb9ation ( all ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* ! "o mission>y _s expresses itself4 ,! _s :i* produces !m all is "o1 & x is t "o _s :i* influ5ces & conv]ts ! hea!n4 ,n[ we already "k ! proportion 9 :i* work]s & funds are divid$ betwe5 ! ?ree bran*es 7p4 #fh74 ,we already "k some?+ ( ! "w done by evangeli/s 9 hospitals 7p4 #hc71 & by doctors 9 evangeli/ic t\rs 7p4 #hd72 & ( ! ext5t to :i* ! "w 9 ! hospitals op5s up ! way = evangeli/s 7p4 #he74 ,we already "k some?+ ( ! "w done by evangeli/s 9 s*ools 7p4 #ii71 & ( ! evangeli/ic influ5ce ( ! educational "w 7p4 #ajb1 #ajc71 & ( ! ext5t to :i* educationali/s assi/ 9 evangeli/ic t\rs 7p4 #aja74 ,if !n we n[ add tables to %[ ! help giv5 by ! m$icals 9 ! s*ools & ! "w done by ! educationali/s 9 ! hospitals we %all be able to ga9 a fairly complete idea ( ! co-op]ation betwe5 ! ?ree bran*es4 ,b x is j at ?is po9t1 ! relation betwe5 ! m$ical & educational "w1 t we %all probably f9d mo/ difficulty4 ,?is relation%ip has n be5 c>efully ?\ght out 9 ! pa/1 & co-op]ation betwe5 m$icals & educationali/s is1 we fancy1 some:at r>e4 ,few m5 c\ld tell u exactly :at policy is foll[$1 or ought to be foll[$4 ,?is is p>tly due to t confusion ( purpose ( :i* we spoke 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 a confusion :i* obscures & conf\nds our m$ical & educational missions4 ,if bo? m$ical & educational missions _h _h "o common dom9ant purpose1 ! relation betwe5 !m w\ld h be5 m easily se52 b s9ce !y 7 sep>at$ 9 ?\ght1 ea* hav+ its own p>ticul> & sep>ate objects to pursue1 !y naturally work$ along p>allel l9es & consequ5tly did n meet4 ,if !y _h _h "o common dom9ant object !y w\ld h met4 ,b g5]ally speak+ !re is no cle> und]/&+ :e!r ! m$ical mission has any def9ite relation to ! educational mission1 or ! educational mission to ! m$ical4 ,on ! m$ical side1 x is n cle>ly und]/ood :e!r x is ! fir/ duty1 or ! la/ duty1 ( m$icals to att5d to ! *ildr5 :om we ga!r toge!r 9 su* l>ge numb]s1 :e!r ! m$icals ought to inspect all ! *ildr51 :e!r !y ought to be at h& to treat *ildr5 :o are obvi\sly sick1 :e!r ^! consid]ations ought to influ5ce ! location ( ! hospital1 or ( ! place ( resid5ce ( ! m$ical mission>ies1 or :e!r ?is "w1 if !y really gave mu* "t to x1 %\ld be consid]$ z )draw+ !m f _! prop] "w4 ,consequ5tly1 ! heal? ( ! *ildr5 9 mission s*ools has (t5 suff]$1 & ! "w ( ! s*ool be5 h9d]$4 ,9 "o s*ool some?+ approa*+ to a revolution 0 produc$ by ! con/ant c>e & att5tion ( a doctor4 ,ph?isis1 :i* _h be5 a cont9ual s\rce ( tr\ble & weakness1 0 r$uc$ consid]ably1 & ! :ole "w & tone ( ! s*ool improv$ enorm\sly4 ,if m$ical mission>ies & educational mission>ies always realis$ t !y 7 engag$ 9 a common "w1 ?is exp]i5ce w\ld be almo/ univ]sal4 ,9 our tables we _c possibly ent] into any details4 ,! "w ( m$icals 9 s*ools _c be exactly /at$1 x v>ies greatly 9 ext5t & "*2 b x w\ld1 we suppose1 always include att5tion to ! heal? ( ! *ildr5 & consultation ) ! tea*]s1 bo? ab\t ! welf>e ( ! s*ool z a :ole & ( ! c>e ( individual pupils4 ,x might also include lectures 9 hygi5e & k9dr$ topics1 sanitation ( build+s1 & o!r assi/ance too v>i$ to specify4 ,! table c only include visits & inspection ( pupils4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,total ,numb] ,total ,numb] ,rem>ks ,numb] ,regul>ly ,numb] ,regul>ly & ( ,s*ools4 ,visit$ by ( ,inspect$4 ,conclusions4 ,m$icals4 ,s*ol>s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! relation ( ! educational mission to ! m$ical has n be5 ?\ght out any m c>efully4 ,!re is 9 hospitals an opportunity ( extraord9>y importance1 a field ( great fruitfulness :i* is l>gely neglect$4 ,if ! hospital is a mission>y hospital1 f\nd$ to heal ! s\ls z well z ! bodies ( m51 ought n ! pati5ts 9 !m to be taught z well z m$ically treat$8 ,h !y any claim ^u ! c>e ( educational mission>ies8 ,h ! educational mission>ies any duty 9 hospitals8 ,v few1 we ?9k1 h giv5 mu* att5tion to ^! que/ions3 no society1 s f> z we "k1 has foll[$ any def9ite policy 9 reg>d to !m4 ,a s+le in/ance w reveal h[ important !y may be4 ,a doctor :o 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*9ese illit]ates took /eps to h ! illit]ate convalesc5ts 9 8 hospital taught to read4 ,! av]age "t :i* ^! pati5ts sp5t 9 ! hospital 0 ?ree weeks1 & 9 t "t !y c\ld le>n to read ! ,gospels 9 simplifi$ script flu5tly4 ,!y ?us left ! hospital n only heal$ 9 body1 b ) a new int]e/ 9 life1 & a consid]able k ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 & a p[] to advance 9 x1 & a p[] also to in/ruct o!rs4 ,9 a hospital = ,*9ese coolies 9 ,france ?is doctor taught "o pati5t to read ! ,gospel4 ,! pati5t 0 !n remov$ to ano!r hospital :]e he taught no less ?an =ty ( 8 fell[-pati5ts to read4 ,if su* results c be obta9$1 x w\ld be well to consid] :e!r we are mak+ full use ( ! opportunities af=d$ by ! ga!r+ ( l>ge numb]s ( pati5ts into hospitals all ov] ! _w4 ,illit]ates are n ! only p :o might pr(it by ,*ri/ian tea*+1 classes = lit]ates might be equally valuable4 ,l>ge numb]s might leave our hospitals ) a consid]able k ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 & a new int]e/ 9 life1 ) p[] to advance & to tea* o!rs1 if !y 7 sy/ematically taught4 ,9 "o mission>y hospital regul> c\rses 7 giv5 on ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces1 & c\rses on ! education ( *ildr5 might well be giv5 to p>5ts 9 hospitals4 ,"h aga9 a table _c reveal ! type & "* ( ! "w done3 x c only tabulate visits4 ,! "w w\ld include ! tea*+ ( illit]ates to read1 & in/ruct+ convalesc5ts ( high] education ei!r 9 classes or individually4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,numb] ,total ,numb] ,rem>ks ,numb] ( ,regul>ly ,numb] ( ( & ,hospitals4 ,visit$ by ,pati5ts4 ,s*ol>s ,conclusions4 ,educationali/s4 ,taught4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,we might n[ sum up ?is bran* ( our inquiry ?us3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,=eign ,native ,assi/+,assi/+,assi/+,rem>ks ,mission ,assi/ 9 9 9 & -aries4 ants4 ,evangel-,hosp- ,s*ools4 ,conclusions4 i/ic itals4 ,t\rs4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,evange- li/ic ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,m$ical ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,educa -tional ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,!n we %all surely h "s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! :ole =ce works toge!r t[>ds "o end4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,native ,,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,introduction we po9t$ out t ! end = :i* ! "w survey$ is und]tak5 ought to gov]n ! survey ( ! "w4 ,n[ we are con/antly told t ! end = :i* ! /ation is f\nd$ is ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! di/rict s /rongly t if ! /ation ) its =eign /aff disappe>$1 ! ,*ur* w\ld rema9 & br+ up ea* g5]ation 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,?is proposal sets be=e u a real end = ! mission /ation4 ,x sugge/s a po9t at :i* ! /ation w h done its "w2 ! mission w\ld !n h no m place 9 ^? p>ts4 ,! /ation has ?us an end1 n only 9 ! s5se t x has an object at :i* x aims1 b a po9t at :i* x ceases4 ,b ?is end is n simply a po9t 9 ! f> di/ant future2 x is a condition1 or /ate ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! di/rict1 into :i* x mu/ be gr[+4 ,!n ! gr[? ( ! native ,*ur* is m important ?an ! gr[? ( ! mission1 & all ?+s %\ld be direct$ prim>ily to t end1 s t z ! native ,*ur* wax$ ! mission %\ld wane1 & ?us ! end %\ld be rea*$ naturally & easily & n by a cata/rophe4 ,if t is ! end1 !n ! survey ( ! /ation & its di/rict _c fail to take ! =m ( an inquiry h[ f> progress 9 ?is direction has be5 made4 ,s9ce our ideas ( mission>y "w are wrapp$ up ) ! e/abli%m5t ( mission /ations & consequ5tly ) ! pur*ase ( l& & build+s1 s9ce we rely almo/ :olly ^u paid work]s = ! prosecution ( ! "w1 s9ce we employ mo/ exp5sive me?ods ( propag&a1 su* z ! e/abli%m5t ( great m$ical & educational in/itutions1 s9ce our societies at home are almo/ :olly absorb$ 9 ! ef=t to procure funds to pay = all ^! ?+s1 x is n surpris+ t money takes a supremely important position 9 our ?\ght ( all mission>y "w4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 we ?9k ( ! gr[? ( ! native ,*ur* 9 p[] to c>ry on ! "w :i* we h begun we naturally ?9k fir/ ( self-support4 ,self-support is n[ "o ( ! mo/ common mission>y cat*words4 ,we he> x on e plat=m at home2 we he> x 9 ! m\?s ( l>ge numb]s ( our conv]ts abroad4 ,!re exi/ 9 ! mission field l>ge numb]s ( :at are call$ self-support+ *ur*es4 ,our mission>ies (t5 set ?is self-support be=e _! conv]ts z a /atus ( hon\r1 & (f] !m enc\ragem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds to induce !m to become self-support+ z soon z possible4 ,at home1 if we ask conc]n+ ! progress ( ! native ,*ur*1 !y (t5 answ] u by tell+ u ! numb]s ( ^! self-support+ *ur*es4 ,:at !n is meant by a self-support+ ,*ur*8 ,we might naturally suppose t a self-support+ ,*ur* 0 a ,*ur* :i* 0 indep5d5t ( ext]nal support2 we might suppose t x c\ld ma9ta9 itself )\t any assi/ance f mission funds2 we might suppose t1 :5 a ,*ur* became self-support+1 ! mission1 s f> z f9ance 0 conc]n$1 c\ld )draw & move to "s fre% place4 ,t is sometimes ! case1 b v r>ely4 ,we "k1 = in/ance1 a case :]e f\rte5 ,*ri/ians 9 a small t[n provid$ _! own *apel & its furni%+ & upkeep1 & all subsidi>y exp5ses )\t any assi/ance4 ,!y _h no paid m9i/]s & !re=e no sal>ies to pay4 ,!y 7 f ! v beg9n+ entirely self-support+1 & ! mission>y c\ld1 & did1 leave !m & g to o!rs :o ne$$ him m4 ,b 9 ?is case !re 0 no mission comp\nd1 no elaborate sy/em ( mission education1 & no mission fund f :i* ! *apel c\ld be built & a pa/or provid$1 be=e ! conv]ts 7 ready to provide ^! ?+s = !mselves4 ,mo/ commonly ! mission does all ^! ?+s1 & !n self-support does n necess>ily imply indep5d5ce ( =eign support4 ,we h met native ,*ri/ians :o assur$ u 9 "o brea? t !y 7 memb]s ( a self-support+ ,*ur* & t _! ,*ur* did n receive its fair %>e ( mission funds4 ,self-support does n necess>ily mean indep5d5ce ( ext]nal pecuni>y aid4 ,:at !n does ! /atus ( a self-support+ ,*ur* imply8 ,no?+ c]ta91 b j :at ! society1 or ! mission>y1 *ooses4 ,take a case4 ,9 a newly op5$ out/ation ! conv]ts subscrib$ #e ,mexican1 a head1 p] annum4 ,! mission>y 9 *>ge ( ! di/rict e/imat$ t #ejj p] annum w\ld pay ! r5t & upkeep ( ! *apel1 & ! sal>y ( ! pa/or4 ,!re=e he calculat$ t :5 ! memb]%ip ( ! *apel rea*$ #ajj1 ! congregation w\ld be self-support+4 ,b if a s*ool 7 f\nd$ & fees paid1 !n ! day ( self-support w\ld be v f> (f4 ,h5ce x is obvi\s t self-support is an arbitr>y /&>d fix$ on no c]ta9 gr\nds2 & progress t[>ds self-support is simply a progress t[>ds a l9e :i* ! =eign] prescribes4 ,j z ea* fa!r among u "h 9 ,engl&1 accord+ to 8 class & /&>d ( liv+1 fixes a /&>d = 8 son1 say+1 ,:5 he e>ns s mu* he w be able to ma9ta9 himself1 s ! society1 or ! individual mission>y1 fixes ! /&>d = conv]ts4 ,9 ?is case1 ! =eign] insi/$ on ! sal>y = ! pa/or1 he creat$ ! build+1 its ornam5ts & exp5ses2 & :]e ?is is done ! day ( self-support mu/ be m or less delay$4 ,m or less1 = :at "o man consid]s abundant ano!r ?9ks h>dly dec5t1 simply because ea* has le>nt 9 a diff]5t s*ool diff]5t ideas ( :at is necess>y or desirable4 ,consequ5tly "o man makes ! day ( self-support easy ( atta9m5t1 ano!r l\dly proclaims t 8 p are s poor t !y _c possibly be expect$ to provide = !mselves4 ,fur!rmore1 we mu/ obs]ve t 9 ! fir/ case ! conv]ts arriv$ spe$ily at self-support because ! =eign mission>y nev] = a mom5t all[$ !m to be any?+ else1 :il/ 9 ! second ! mission>y provid$ :at he ?\ght necess>y until su* "t z ! ,*ur* 0 suffici5tly weal?y to pay = x4 ,! "o ,*ur* decid$ = itself :at x ne$$1 & :at x ne$$ x took ! necess>y /eps to supply3 ! o!r accept$ :at 0 giv5 to x & 0 ask$ to subscribe m & m to pay = x4 ,b :5 ! provision is fir/ made l>gely f "s m or less my/]i\s =eign s\rce1 ! conv]ts w nev] subscribe to a fund s organis$ z !y w to a fund :i* !y raise & adm9i/] !mselves to supply :at !y !mselves want1 & _c h unless !y provide ! necess>y money to get x4 ,self-support !n1 z ! ^w is mo/ commonly us$1 means any?+ b g5u9e self-support1 & does n repres5t ! p[] ( ! p to supply _! ne$s4 ,x means only ! subscription ( money suffici5t to pay = c]ta9 ?+s :i* are m or less arbitr>ily fix$ by ! mission>y or 8 society4 ,nei!r is x any sure evid5ce ( ! zeal & lib]ality ( ! ,*ur* :i* is call$ self-support+4 ,! exi/5ce ( self-support+ *ur*es is inde$ sometimes us$ z an argum5t to %[ t ! ,*ur* is gr[+ 9 ?is ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,b ?is is l>gely deceptive4 ,! exi/5ce ( self-support+ *ur*es does n necess>ily prove ,*ri/ian lib]ality4 ,take ! case :i* we quot$ above :]e ! ,*ri/ians subscrib$ #e a head4 ,x 0 said t :5 !y numb]$ #ajj memb]s !y w\ld be self-support+4 ,b1 if !y /ill subscrib$ #e a head1 !re w\ld be no m lib]ality 9 ! ,*ur* ( #ajj1 :i* 0 self-support+1 ?an 9 ! ,*ur* ( t51 :i* 0 n self-support+4 ,!re might be m1 if ! n9ety memb]s add$ 7 v poor2 !re might be less if "o weal?y man jo9$ ! ,*ur*4 ,s9ce ! /atus ( a self-support+ ,*ur* is "o ( hon\r & privilege1 ! memb]s might ev5 be tempt$ to admit an unwor?y memb] :o 0 well (f 9 ! hope t 8 subscriptions might aid !m to atta9 t glori\s position )\t mu* self-d5ial or ef=t on _! own "p4 ,moreov]1 ! collection ( money is a highly develop$ art4 ,x is extraord9>y :at pressure m5 c br+ to be> ^u conv]ts to induce !m to subscribe1 s t ! contribution is 9 _m cases little diff]5t f ! paym5t ( a tax4 ,x is truly amaz+ to read h[ _m =ms ( appeals & fees c be inv5t$ to collect money f m or less unwill+ giv]s4#a ,we _c !n accept ! exi/5ce ( self-support+ *ur*es z an evid5ce ( lib]ality1 nor base our calculation on ! sum subscrib$ = ! upkeep ( su* *ur*es4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is is a li/ ( ! means employ$ to raise money by "o mission>y 9 ord] to assi/ ! p 9 8 di/rict to arrive at self-support3-- 7#a7 ,sunday collections4 7#b7 ,%>e ( fir/ fruits 7crop seasons74 7#c7 ,mon?ly memb]%ip family assessm5t4 7#d7 ,special mission>y or h>ve/ ?anksgiv+ 7twice a ye>74 7#e7 ,p9* ( rice at e meal z ?anksgiv+ 7wom5's %>e74 7#f7 ,box 9 h\ses = pray] meet+s1 etc4 7#g7 ,*ur* box4 7#h7 ,d$ication ( special pepp] or cocoa-nut trees = *ur* repair4 7#i7 ,bible society collections4 7#aj7 ,hospital collection4 7#aa7 ,baptism (f]+s4 7#ab7 ,m>riage (f]+s4 7#ac7 ,"l's ,supp] (f]+s4 7#ad7 ,special gifts = *ur* build+ or equipm5t4 ,x is n surpris+ t he adds t he is told t "s ( ! new conv]ts h gone back because !y see ! regul>ity & frequ5cy ( giv+4 ,nev]!less1 see+ t self-support+ *ur*es are widely recognis$1 let u beg9 ) ^! & seek to f9d out :at in=mation a table ( inquiry might supply4 ,we %\ld ask fir/ = ! numb] ( self-support+ *ur*es 9 relation to 7a7 ! numb] ( communicants 7or full memb]s7 9 ! di/rict1 & 7b7 ! numb] ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es organis$1 b n self-support+4 ,by an organis$ ,*ur* we und]/& a body ( ,*ri/ians 9 any place :o hold regul> religi\s s]vices1 & may s5d delegates to any c\ncil :i* may exi/ = ! :ole /ation di/rict4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,communicants4,proportion ( ,organis$,proportion ( ,rem>ks ,communicants ,*ur*es4,organis$ & connect$ ) ,*ur*es ,conclusions4 ,self-support+ ,self-support+4 ,*ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,f ?is we %\ld le>n briefly1 & z a />t+-po9t1 ! proportion ( ! self-support+ *ur*es1 & t might help u to und]/& ! progress made t[>ds self-support z x is und]/ood 9 ! di/rict1 & enable u to comp>e x ) t ( o!r di/ricts4 ,b ?is by itself w\ld n be ( any great value 9 assi/+ u to und]/& :at progress _h be5 made t[>ds ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,*ur* :i* c\ld /& alone1 if ! /ation ) its =eign /aff 7 )drawn4 ,no ,*ur* :i* does n advance c /&1 & ! m]e atta9m5t ( ?is arbitr>y /&>d does n necess>ily prove capacity to advance or to /&4 ,! ef=t to atta9 x sometimes leads ! conv]ts to conc5trate _! att5tion ^u !mselves4 ,!y set self-support be=e _! eyes z an end to be atta9$ = _! own sake4 ,x has consequ5tly sometimes happ5$ t native *ur*es1 e/abli%$ on ?is self-support+ basis1 h become self-absorb$1 self-seek+4 ,!y h s look$ on _! own ?+s t !y h t5d$ to lose sight ( ! ?+s ( o!rs4 ,!y h become1 l _m little ,*ri/ian communities at home1 s entangl$ 9 ! ef=t to ma9ta9 _! own dignity1 _! own s]vices1 _! own progress 9 outw>d prosp]ity1 t !y h =gott5 ! real purpose ( _! exi/5ce1 &1 in/ead ( becom+ c5tres ( light & attraction & active zeal = ! spread ( ! gospel1 h deg5]at$ into self-conta9$ units indulg+ a self-satisfi$ pride 9 ! glori\s position to :i* !y h atta9$ z self-support+ *ur*es4 ,! hi/ory ( "s *ur*es on ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa & 9 ,s\? ,india sugge/s ! ne$ = su* a w>n+1 & urges u to pursue ! inquiry fur!r4 ,we %\ld inquire1 !n1 :at numb] ( inquir]s1 adh]5ts1 he>]s1 cate*um5s1 etc41 are seek+ entrance into ! ,*ur* 9 connection ) ! self-support+ *ur*es z comp>$ ) ! total numb] ( su* inquir]s1 adh]5ts1 etc41 9 ! di/rict & comp>$ ) ! numb] ( communicants 9 connection ) ^? *ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,9 ,di/rict 7exclud+ ,self-support+ ,*ur*es74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,inquir]s & ,adh]5ts4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,inquir]s to ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,9 ,self-support+ ,*ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,inquir]s & ,adh]5ts4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,inquir]s to ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,su* a table %\ld1 we ?9k1 prove illum9at+ z reveal+ ! influ5ce & zeal ( ! memb]s ( ! self-support+ *ur*es4 ,a fur!r light on ?is subject might be ga9$ by comp>+ ! numb] ( unpaid work]s connect$ ) ! self-support+ *ur*es ) ! numb] ( su* work]s 9 ! :ole di/rict1 exclud+ ! self-support+ *ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,9 ,di/rict 7exclud+ ,self-support+ ,*ur*es74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,unpaid ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,unpaid ,work]s to ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,9 ,self-support+ ,*ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,unpaid ,work]s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,unpaid ,work]s to ,communicants4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,?is w\ld supplem5t ! previ\s table & t5d to correct any mi/akes to :i* x might give rise4 ,?us f> ( ! missions :i* recognise self-support+ *ur*es4 ,z = ! mission di/ricts 9 :i* no su* di/9ctions h be5 made1 all t ,i ?9k we ne$ to d is to recall ! tables :i* we made :5 consid]+ ! native =ce 7p4 #ed sqq471 & to supplem5t !m ) tables design$ to reveal 7#a7 ! p[] ( ! ,*ri/ians to conduct _! own religi\s s]vices indep5d5tly ( ! =eign]2 7#b7 _! p[] to direct _! own ,*ur* gov]nm5t2 7#c7 _! p[] to supply ! mat]ial ne$s ( _! organisation accord+ to ! ideas :i* !y h receiv$ & hold4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ "q1 all t we ne$ to "k is :at proportion ( ! ,*ri/ians are 9 a position to c>ry on _! own religi\s life indep5d5tly ( =eign help4 ,9 ! ,anglican ,communion t involves ! pres5ce ( a duly orda9$ prie/3 9 "s societies :i* d5y ! necessity ( ord9ation1 yet give a position n unlike t ( ! prie/ to _! orda9$ m51 x w\ld involve ! pres5ce ( a pa/or4 ,o!rs d5y ! necessity or advantage ( any orda9$ m9i/]s4 ,"u ^! circum/ances we _c use accept$ ecclesia/ical t]ms2 b by capacity = conduct+ _! own religi\s s]vices we mu/ c]ta9ly at lea/ mean capacity to p]=m all necess>y religi\s rites1 & t1 = ,anglicans at any rate1 mu/ include ,baptism & ,holy ,communion4 ,suppose !n t we accept$ ! organis$ *ur*es z a basis & inquir$ :at proportion ( ^! organis$ *ur*es c\ld1 & did1 p]=m all necess>y religi\s rites1 we %\ld inde$ omit ! float+ & isolat$ memb]s ( ! unorganis$ ,*ri/ian community :i* 9 "s di/ricts might be v l>ge1 b we %\ld nev]!less1 we hope1 get a def9ite & common basis :i* w\ld really give u "s light on ?is difficult b important problem1 & if we add$ a "q z to ! proportion ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy connect$ ) ^! organis$ *ur*es we %\ld h "s *eck ^u a s]i\s misund]/&+4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,organis$ ,*ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy ,connect$ ) ^!4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,*ur*es ,capable ( ,p]=m+ all ,necess>y ,religi\s ,rites )\t ,ext]nal ,assi/ance4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ^! to ,numb] ( ,organis$ ,*ur*es4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! second "q is1 ,h[ f> ! ,*ur* 9 ! di/rict c direct its own life & ord] its own gov]nm5t4 ,! difficulty "h arises f ! v div]se =ms ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t :i* h be5 taught to ! natives by _! =eign tea*]s1 "s ( !m late & difficult repres5tative sy/ems1 n easily grasp$ ev5 by educat$ m54 ,is !re !n any g5]al "q :i* w suffice to ?r[ light on ?is problem1 :]e ! p are 9 ! mid/ ( ! process ( le>n+ an unfamili> =m ( gov]nm5t8 ,7 v simple & almo/ univ]sal ideas always foll[$1 z = in/ance 9 episcopacy1 :i* naturally adapts itself to ! simple/ & mo/ common conceptions & exp]i5ces ( m51 9 t ! bi%op is closely relat$ 9 idea to ! fa!r ( ! family1 or ! head man ( a village1 or ! gov]nor ( a prov9ce1 or a *ief ( a tribe1 or an autocratic emp]or1 or a con/itutional mon>*1 accord+ to ! notions & exp]i5ce ( ! p--s t a bi%op is z easily und]/ood by a nomad family1 or a village community1 z by a democratic nation1 accord+ to its /age ( developm5t1 & if native bi%ops 7 univ]sal1 z !y are n1 ! problem w\ld be comp>atively simple4 ,inde$ !n we ne$ sc>cely ask ! "q at all4 ,ei!r patri>*al episcopacy1 or mon>*ical episcopacy1 or con/itutional episcopacy all m5 c und]/&1 :e!r ! bi%op is elect$ by 8 p1 or appo9t$ by 8 pr$ecessor1 or by 8 fell[s1 or bo? elect$ by 8 p & confirm$ by 8 fell[s--su* ?+s all m5 c und]/& & ma9ta91 ea* ! =m suit$ to _! own /age4 ,b con/itutional episcopacy :5 ! p are at ! patri>*al /age ( developm5t1 or republicanism :5 ! p are at ! mon>*ical /age1 !y _c und]/&1 until !y h le>nt to und]/& x by long & sl[ exp]i5ce4 ,b _m ( ! sy/ems introduc$ by u are ! late/ & mo/ advanc$ sy/ems4 ,h[ !n c we discov] to :at ext5t ! ,*ri/ians h ma/]$ !m8 ,we c f9d no "q :i* solves ?is problem4 ,we c only sugge/ ! b>e que/ions1 :at proportion ( ! p take a prop] & active "p 9 ! sy/em ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t "u :i* !y live2 & :at proportion ( ! congregations take an active "p z congregations 9 t sy/em ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,*ri/ians :o take any "p 9 ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t by ,vote or ,voice4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,total ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,numb] ( ,congregations :o take a %>e z ,congregations 9 ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,proportion ( ,*ri/ian ,congregations4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,by ! fir/ "q we und]/& ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians :o vote or speak or act 9 any way1 ei!r p]sonally or by elect+ repres5tatives1 9 ! direction ( ! common action ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian community view$ z a unity2 by ! second "q we und]/& ! numb] ( congregations :i* are repres5t$ at any c\ncil high] ?an ! c\ncil ( _! own congregation4 ,we ?9k ^! que/ions mo/ unsatisfactory1 b we c devise no o!rs4 ,we h no d\bt t1 if all ! =eign]s disappe>$ sudd5ly1 ! native ,*ri/ians w\ld ei!r p]i% or w\ld spe$ily adopt a =m ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t :i* !y und]/ood4 ,! :ole necessity = ^! que/ions arises f ! fact t we h foi/$ ^u !m =eign sy/ems & are unc]ta9 to :at ext5t !y h really grasp$ !m4 ,! consequ5ce is t :5 we ?9k ( a ,*ur* capable ( /&+ alone we are 9 d\bt4 ,we d n feel c]ta9 t ! conv]ts c\ld c>ry on _! gov]nm5t2 & "s ( u ?9k a *ange 9 ! =m ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t z s]i\s a matt] z ! *ange f ,paganism to ,*ri/ianity3 x is an excommunicat+ matt]4 ,inevitably !n 9 an inquiry su* z ours we mu/ try to discov] h[ f> ! p are advanc$ 9 ! und]/&+ ( ! organisation :i* !y h be5 taught4 ,until !y are q s\nd 9 ?is fai? & fully tra9$ 9 ?is sy/em1 :e!r x is a circuit or a presbyt]y or a democratic episcopacy1 or a papacy1 !y _c possibly /& alone4 ,:o w\ld d>e to sugge/ su* a revolution>y idea6 ,:y1 !y might adopt a native gov]nm5tal sy/em--some?+ :i* !y und]/ood at once1 q easily1 & !n :]e %\ld we be8 ,we "k h[ to adm9i/] ! sy/em 9 :i* we 7 br\ght up3 x is bett] t !y %\ld le>n t4 ,f9ally we make an inquiry conc]n+ ! p[] ( ! ,*ri/ians to supply ! mat]ial ne$s ( _! religi\s organisation4 ,we want to "k to :at ext5t !y are really dep5d5t on =eign funds1 & to :at ext5t !y c /& alone f9ancially4 ,x is tempt+ to imag9e t we c discov] ?is by a m]e calculation ( ! total exp5diture on all "w c>ri$ on 9 ! di/rict & comp>+ ?is ei!r ) ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians & _! relative weal? or pov]ty1 or simply ) ! contribution :i* !y actually make1 conclud+ t ! diff]5ce betwe5 _! contribution1 or _! e/imat$ p[] to give1 & ! co/ ( ! "w c>ri$ on 9 ! area is ! diff]5ce betwe5 _! p[] to supply _! ne$s & _! real ne$s4 ,b =eign funds are l>gely sp5t ^u ?+s :i*1 h[ev] excell5t !y may be 9 !mselves1 are n really necess>y = ! religi\s life ( ! ,*ri/ians1 su* z mission>ies' sal>ies1 high s*ools1 colleges1 m$ical in/itutions1 & exp5sive build+s4 ,consequ5tly to "k ! total exp5diture 9 ! area is n to "k ! necess>y exp5diture4 ,! native ,*ur* might ma9ta9 its life & conqu] ! :ole di/rict )\t sp5d+ 9 actual money a ti! ( t :i* we sp5d on provid+ ! p ) m$ic9e & education & build+s & =eign mission>ies4 ,yet ! "q _c be avoid$4 ,mission>ies all ov] ! _w c>efully c\nt e p5ny :i* ! conv]ts subscribe1 & se>* dilig5tly = "s new me?od ( d\bl+ x1 9 ord] to lead _! conv]ts t[>ds ! goal ( self-support4 ,:at t goal is we d n "k4 ,we _c tell h[ f> ! ,*ri/ians c supply _! own ne$s1 if we d n "k :at ! ne$s really are4 ,& t we d n "k4 ,9 a c]ta9 v real s5se ,*ri/ians c always provide :at is necess>y = _! religi\s life4 ,!y c\ld all always be self-support+1 if we did n inv5t ne$s & insi/ ^u !m2 & :at we insi/ ^u dep5ds entirely ^u ! s*ool 9 :i* we 7 br\ght up4 ,! /&>d set1 z we h already expla9$1 is purely arbitr>y4 ,"u ^! circum/ances h[ c we express ! position ( ! native ,*ur* ) any approximation to tru?8 ,we c only sugge/ t ^! arbitr>y /&>ds %\ld be accept$1 & ask t !y %\ld be def9$ 9 e case4 ,we %\ld ask ! mission>ies1 or ! societies1 to e/imate ! am\nt requir$ to supply t m9imum ^u :i* !y insi/4 ,if we did t1 rememb]+ always t ! e/imate made mu/ be d\btful & arbitr>y1 & t ! native contribution1 :il/ comp>atively l>ge funds are regul>ly suppli$ f a =eign s\rce1 w nev] repres5t ! p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian community to supply its own ne$s1 we %\ld at lea/ h "s /&>d by :i* we might e/imate ! position ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! c\ntry1 & its progress4 ,we sugge/ !n t ?ree items %\ld be includ$ 9 ! table3 7#a7 ! total exp5se ( c>ry+ on all ! "w 9 ! /ation di/rict1 :e!r ! funds 7 provid$ f =eign or native s\rces2 7#b7 ! am\nt e/imat$ to cov] ! necess>y exp5ses ( ! native ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 & 7#c7 ! am\nt subscrib$ by ! native ,*ri/ian community4 ,we ?9k ^! ?ree items tak5 toge!r w\ld help u to und]/& ! situation4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,total ,exp5se ( ,*ur* & ,mission 9 ! ,area p] ,head ( ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,am\nt ,e/imat$ to ,cov] all ,necess>y ,exp5ses ( ! ,native ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy p] ,head4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,am\nt ,subscrib$ = all ,purposes by ! ,native ,*ri/ian ,con/itu5cy p] ,head4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,we h n[1 we hope1 "s light on ! "q h[ f> we are really succe$+ 9 atta9+ a purpose :i* we he> con/antly proclaim$1 z if x 7 inde$ a gov]n+ object ( our "w1 ! creation ( an indep5d5t native ,*ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,survey ,,( ,,di/ricts ,,:]e ,,two ,,or ,,m ,,societies ,,are ,,at ,,"w ,,& ,,survey ,,( ,,missions ,,) ,,no ,,def9$ ,,di/ricts4 ,i4 ,di/ricts 9 :i* ,two or m ,societies are at ,"w4 ,hi!rto we h tak5 = grant$ t only "o mission>y society is at "w 9 ! di/rict & t ! survey is !re=e simple2 b 9 _m mission /ation di/ricts "s o!r society is also at "w4 ,occasionally ! di/rict ( "o /ation ov]laps "p ( ! di/rict ( a /ation ( ano!r society4 ,9 _m di/ricts ,roman ,ca?olics are at "w1 & c]ta9 =ms ( _! "w _c be ignor$1 & no =m ( _! "w ought to be ignor$ 9 survey+ ! di/rict4 ,if two missions s5t by diff]5t societies are at "w 9 ! same di/rict !n1 x w\ld be an imm5se advantage if ! survey ( ! di/rict c\ld be made a jo9t production4 ,union = /udy is (t5 possible1 :5 union 9 "w is impossible1 & ! common und]/&+ ( ! situation is mo/ useful4 ,b if t is impossible1 !n ea* society mu/ survey ! :ole di/rict1 &1 :at an imm5se am\nt ( lab\r w\ld be wa/$ 9 ! prelim9>y survey1 ! physical toil ( travell+ ov] ! c\ntry to see ! villages & t[ns1 :i* mu/ be se5 to be kn[n1 & mu/ be kn[n to reveal ! secret ( ! task :i* ! mission is f\nd$ to fulfil1 t lab\r is kn[n only to "o :o has und]tak5 su* a task1 & w soon be kn[n to anyone :o />ts out consci5ti\sly to survey any di/rict4 ,b x is helpful & illum9at+ lab\r1 & x w\ld be f> bett] t ! heads ( two missions %\ld survey ! :ole ( ! same di/rict sep>ately ?an t nei!r %\ld survey any ( x4 ,if bo? feel t 9 any real s5se t is _! di/rict1 !n !y ought bo? to survey x all2 = to call a di/rict m9e :i* ,i h n ev5 survey$ & d n "k ev5 by sight is absurd2 b x w\ld light5 _! lab\r & help _! mutual und]/&+ if !y survey$ x toge!r4 ,if a "p ( ! di/rict ov]laps "p ( ano!r mission di/rict1 t "p %\ld be survey$ toge!r if possible1 or if t is n possible1 by ea* sep>ately4 ,9 ?is survey ! "w ( no ,*ri/ian society1 h[ev] remote ecclesia/ically or !ologically f ! surveyor's po9t ( view1 %\ld be omitt$4 ,ignorance ( ! "w done by o!rs is ! wor/ possible =m ( sep>ation4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* x is true t ! m remote ! ecclesia/ical position ( ano!r is f our own1 ! m ne> we are to def9ite opposition1 ! m important x is t we %\ld "k :at 8 "w is4 ,we may f9d 9 x s mu* to admire t our annoyance at :at seem to u 8 ecclesia/ical absurdities may be s(t5$4 ,if we survey ! di/rict toge!r we %all p]haps f9d !re is room = bo?1 ev5 if we ea* />t ) ! p]suasion t !re is no room = ! o!r any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,on no acc\nt mu/ we fail to consid] ano!r's "w4 ,9 educational or m$ical "w we mu/ recognise t a s*ool or a hospital :i* exi/s1 by :omsoev] creat$1 9 ! di/rict makes a diff]5ce to ! situation4 ,to deal ) ! di/rict z if t s*ool or hospital did n exi/ is to deal ) an imag9>y di/rict1 n ) ! real "o2 & no "o supposes t !re is any advantage 9 deal+ ) ?+s t are :at !y are z if !y 7 some?+ else4 ,we h obs]v$ a c]ta9 t5d5cy to recognise ?is tru? 9 ! matt] ( education & m$ic9e1 & to introduce into survey proposals a note1 :5 ! educational & m$ical tables 7 rea*$1 to rem9d ! surveyor t ! educational & m$ical "w ( "s society ( :i* he is afraid1 or f :i* he ?9ks himself widely sep>at$1 z extreme ,prote/ants f ,roman ,ca?olics1 mu/ n be ignor$2 b 9 ! evangeli/ic & ,*ur* tables no su* note is ins]t$4 ,?is is1 we suppose1 a tacit acceptance ( ! idea t ! opposite p>ty's evangelical & *ur* build+ "w c be ignor$ ) trifl+ loss--t to ignore x does n mu* matt]4 ,b if a man is survey+ :at he calls habitually 8 di/rict1 he is survey+ x presumably to get at ! facts1 & "o ( ! mo/ important facts :i* he ne$s to "k is h[ f> ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/ has ext5d$ & :]e ,*ri/ian *ur*es h be5 e/abli%$4 ,unless !n he is prep>$ to d5y ! "n ( ,*ri/ to ! opposite p>ty 7& t is a v s]i\s ?+ to d71 he _c ignore _! *ur*es4 ,! p claim to be ,*ri/ians & decl>e t !y believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,if ! surveyor )\t fur!r inquiry rejects !m because !y belong to a society :i* he does n l1 t may be an exhibition ( ecclesia/ical zeal1 b x is n ! sci5ce ( survey+4 ,:atev] he may ?9k ( !m1 z a surveyor he has no "r to ignore !m4 ,he is survey+ 8 di/rict4 ,!re are 9 x s _m p]sons ( v>i\s religi\s belief1 among/ !m 8 own conv]ts & ^! ,*ri/ians ( ! opposite p>ty4 ,he p]haps refuses to recognise ! latt] z ,*ri/ians2 b !y are und\bt$ly nei!r ,moslems nor ,confuciani/s1 nor ,buddhi/s1 nor ,h9doos1 nor d !y belong to any ( ! non-,*ri/ian religions4 ,he _c ignore !m4 ,he mu/ take c\nt ( !m4 ,!re=e if 9 a di/rict ! ,prote/ant & ! ,roman ,ca?olic _c survey toge!r1 ! ,prote/ant :o does survey mu/ c>efully consid] ! facts be=e 8 face1 & endeav\r to f9d out :at ! facts really are z well z he possibly c4 ,! facts are t ,roman ,ca?olics are work+ 9 :at he calls 8 di/rict2 ! facts are t !re are *ur*es "h1 & "h1 & "h1 & p :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians s _m1 & t ! hea!n population is by s _m less4 ,& !re are s _m mission prie/s1 & !y w9 conv]ts1 & ! conv]ts won by !m cease to be hea!n1 = !y are sometimes p]secut$ by _! hea!n neighb\rs1 ev5 z 8 own conv]ts are p]secut$4 ,happily all lead+ surveyors are realis+ ^! obvi\s facts & are n[ tak+ ^! ?+s into s]i\s acc\nt2 b x is /ill necess>y to insi/ on _! importance4 ,9 ^! tables1 :5 o!r missions are at "w 9 ! di/rict1 all t is necess>y is to add "o column ( ! "w ( ! o!r missions s f> z x is kn[n1 or c be asc]ta9$4 ,we are well aw>e t t easy phrase cov]s 9 _m cases great practical difficulty4 ,"h is "o ( ! places :]e e/imates may be inevitable4 ,if !y are inevitable1 !y %\ld be e/imates1 n guesses1 & a note %\ld be made ( ! process by :i* !y 7 rea*$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 an e/imate & a guess is t an e/imate is ! result ( a def9ite tra9 ( reason$ calculation & a guess is n4 ,= an e/imate reasons c be giv51 = a guess none o!r ?an--x occurr$ to me4 ,,ii4 ,! ,mission :i* has no ,def9$ ,di/rict4 ,we believe t ! va/ majority ( missions accept a t]ritorial di/rict2 b !re are missions :]e ! /ation di/rict has n & _c be def9$4 ,! idea ( ! mission is n t]ritorial4 ,! object propos$ is n to cov] any area ) mission /ations1 nor to e/abli% 9 e t[n & village a *ur* or *apel1 b to create at a c5tre a ,*ur* ( liv+ sons tra9$ & educat$ by _m ye>s1 p]haps g5]ations1 ( c>e to become ! c5tre ( a movem5t :i* may cov] ! :ole c\ntry2 or x may be to influ5ce movem5ts :i* arise 9 ! religi\s1 political1 or social life ( ! p1 & to direct ^! into ,*ri/ian *annels4 ,9 su* cases a t]ritorial f\ndation is impossible4 ,! mission exi/s 9 ! mid/ ( a p & influ5ces ! p2 x makes conv]ts1 x e/abli%es !m 9 ! fai?1 x c>es = !m 9 m9d & body1 x prep>es !m to set ! moral & religi\s /&>d = any ,*ur* ( ! future4 ,x is n conc]n$ directly ) ! wide/ possible prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,:5 ! native ,*ri/ians :om x is pa9fully & sl[ly educat+ & tra9+ come to maturity !y w spread ! ,gospel ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l&4 ,x is n1 we are told1 ! bus9ess ( ! ,=eign ,mission to prea* ! ,gospel 9 e village ( a def9$ area nor to make itself responsible = su* prea*+ directly3 x %\ld give to conv]ts 9 e c\ntry ! highe/ & be/ & fulle/ tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian civilisation1 9 ord] t by s do+ x may %[ to all ! p ( ! c\ntry an example1 by :i* !y may be attract$ & influ5c$4 ,if we take ! wide/ expression ( su* mission activity we f9d t to e/imate ! true value ( su* "w we %\ld be compell$ to survey n only ! mission & its activities b ! social1 moral1 mat]ial1 & spiritual /ate ( ! p among :om ! mission 0 plant$1 & seek = signs ( a *ange :i* we c\ld trace ) "s c]ta9ty to ! influ5ce ( ! mission4 ,t w\ld be a /up5d\s & mo/ intricate und]tak+4 ,:]e innum]able =ces are at "w su* z are impli$ 9 ! impact ( we/]n civilisation ^u ! peoples ( ! ,ea/1 or ( ,africa1 x w\ld be extremely difficult to /ate ! exact impression made by ! mission1 ev5 if we c\ld survey ! :ole /ate ( ! p at regul> & def9ite p]iods4 ,we d n = a mom5t d\bt t all ,*ri/ian missions d ex]cise an influ5ce ( ?is wide & f>-rea*+ "*1 & f "t to "t we c see results :i* cle>ly spr+ f x1 b we _c ?9k x wise to set out ?is vague influ5ce z ! prim>y purpose ( a mission4 ,we believe t ! ,*ri/ian missions :i* aim directly & prim>ily at ! conv]sion ( m5 & ! e/abli%m5t ( a liv+ native ,*ur* produce ?is fruit by ! way4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we take ! n>r[] expressions 9 ! /atem5t ( aim :i* we h set out above1 we f9d 9 x ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a ,*ur*1 b ! e/abli%m5t is view$ z ! result ( a long & elaborate tra9+ & cultivation ( a comp>atively small body ( ,*ri/ians1 r ?an z ! imm$iate result ( widespread "w4 ,9 su* a case we ought to be able to trace progress & to place ^! missions 9 a common s*eme4 ,! e>ly tables ( "w to be done & ( ! =ce 9 relation to t "w on a t]ritorial basis c]ta9ly fail4 ,! lead]s ( ! mission h n ! in=mation & d n want x1 b !y c\ld almo/ c]ta9ly provide ! facts conc]n+ ! =ce at "w conta9$ 9 ! tables )\t ! proportions = ! di/rict1 & !y w\ld p]haps be able to fill up mo/ ( ! o!r tables omitt+ proportions to area & population4 ,n[ if !y did t we %\ld be able to see ! =ce at "w & ! type ( "w 9 :i* ! mission 0 /ronge/ & weake/1 & ! relation ( ! diff]5t types ( "w to ea* o!r1 ?\gh x is probable t ! tables deal+ ) ! native ,*ur* z di/9ct f ! ,mission w\ld n be fill$ up4 ,) t in=mation we c\ld almo/ c]ta9ly def9e m or less exactly ! place ( ! mission 9 a l>ge area su* z ! prov9ce1 or ! c\ntry2 = 9 deal+ ) ! prov9ce or ! c\ntry we mu/ necess>ily mass figures1 & we h !re a kn[n1 or e/imat$1 area & population1 to use z a basis = calculation ( proportions & comp>ison1 & we are aim+ at plac+ ea* mission 9 a l>g] :ole & try+ to see :at "p ea* takes 9 ! p]=mance ( a great "w :i* is _w wide 9 its scope4 ,if ! missions !n :i* decl9e a t]ritorial basis = _! "w w\ld fill up ^? tables :i* reveal ! nature ( _! "w & ! =ce engag$ 9 x we %\ld be able to advance to ! next /age4 ,?is is :at we meant :5 at an e>li] /age we rem>k$ t we _h drawn our tables to s]ve a def9ite purpose1 b t we _h n ignor$ ! case ( ! man ^: idea ( ! purpose ( a mission diff]$ f our own4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,"w ,,9 ,a ,,prov9ce4 ,9 few p>ts ( ! _w is a mission /ation really an isolat$ unit4 ,9 mo/ ( ! c\ntries to :i* we g !re are _m /ations ( _m diff]5t missions1 all aim+ m or less def9itely at ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur*1 :atev] _! conception ( ! ,*ur* may be4 ,9 ! va/ majority ( cases ^! /ations h "s relation%ip to "o ano!r4 ,! def9ition ( di/ricts = ! mission /ations is commonly recognis$1 & 9 plann+ new "w directors ( missions frequ5tly all[ !mselves to be influ5c$1 9 "s way & 9 "s degree1 by ! position ( exi/+ mission /ations4 ,!re are also 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w bodies compos$ ( lead+ memb]s ( _m ( ! missions t "w 9 ! c\ntry1 :o meet to consid] ! progress ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ! prov9ce or ! c\ntry z a :ole1 & delib]ately plan _! "w ) "s consid]ation ( ! position & "* ( ! "w done by ! o!rs4 ,n[ 9 all ?is !re is a manife/ approa* to ! idea t mission "w 9 ! c\ntry or prov9ce is a common "w1 & t ! v>i\s missions engag$ 9 x are n antagoni/s1 b allies4 ,x is c]ta9ly true t we are f> f hav+ rea*$ ! /age ( a common direction & a real unification ( "w ,rivalry & antagonism are /ill rampant1 b ! recognition ( ! fact t we mu/ consid] ! position & "* ( o!r missions 9 direct+ our own is a mo/ important advance2 & x implies t we ought1 9 "s measure at lea/1 to be able to express ! "w ( any mission /ation 9 relation to all ! mission "w done 9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry1 & to und]/&1 at any rate 9 "s degree1 :at place x takes 9 ! mission "w 9 ! prov9ce view$ z a :ole4 ,x is true t a great _m mission>ies w\ld refuse to admit t ! recognition ( o!r /ations 9 ! plant+ ( our own is an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! unity ( our "w2 b :e!r !y ackn[l$ge x1 or :e!r !y d n1 x is s1 & we = our "p recognise x ) ?ankfulness & look =w>d to a day :5 missions w n only recognise o!rs by avoid+ !m1 b by plann+ missions delib]ately to assi/ ea* o!r4 ,= t seems to u ! necess>y conclusion4 ,! mom5t we recognise a /ation z a ,*ri/ian mission /ation :i* we mu/ n di/urb1 we h gone a long way t[>ds recognis+ x z a mission /ation :i* our own mu/ n only n di/urb1 b mu/ complem5t2 & :5 we "k t "o mission mu/ complem5t ano!r we are really n f> remov$ f e/abli%+ our missions ) common consultation ea* to supply :at is lack+ to ! o!r4 ,hold+ ?is view1 we desire to discov] :at place ea* mission /ation occupies :5 we take a wid] view & survey ! prov9ce or c\ntry4 ,"h we %all be able to adju/ _m app>5t inequalities 9 ! mission /ations view$ by !mselves4 ,f our previ\s survey ( ! mission /ations "o by "o we may h got ! impression t "s ( !m z mission /ations design$ = "w 9 a di/rict 7 v ill-balanc$4 ,! m$ical "w1 or in/itutional "w ( "s k9d1 may h seem$ to be out ( all proportion to ! o!r =ms ( ! "w1 & ?is impression may rema9 :5 we view ! prov9ce4 ,b on ! o!r h& x may be s]i\sly modifi$2 because :5 we review ! "w ( ! prov9ce z a :ole1 we may f9d t ! in/itutional "w ( ! prov9ce z a :ole is out ( proportion to ! evangeli/ic "w1 & 9 t case we %\ld ?9k ! disproportion at ! /ation m s]i\s4 ,on ! o!r h& we might f9d ! in/itutional "w 9 ! prov9ce inadequate1 & 9 t case ! emphasis :i* seem$ undue 9 ! "o place1 & may really be improp] 9 t "o place1 nev]!less1 9 view ( ! situation 9 ! :ole prov9ce1 may be %[n to be reasonable 9 relation to ! :ole prov9ce4 ,h[ !n c we ga!r toge!r ! returns f all ! /ations s z to pres5t a view ( ! "w 9 ! prov9ce8 ,= t is ! fir/ ?+4 ,we _c put ! /ation into its prop] place 9 ! prov9ce until we h a view ( ! "w 9 ! prov9ce treat$ z a unity4 ,9 prov9ces1 l>ge cities & t[ns1 :i* are n reckon$ z "p ( any mission /ation di/rict1 h to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,^! l>ge cities1 capitals ( prov9ces1 c\ntries1 or empires1 ne$ special consid]ation1 & mu/ (t5 be survey$ sep>ately4 ,!y are c5tres 9 :i* _m societies h _! head-qu>t]s1 & _m mission>ies live1 yet ! "w done 9 !m is n always s impressive or ext5sive z ! numb]s ( mission>ies might sugge/3 occasionally ! mission>ies are all congregat$ 9 "o qu>t] ( ! city1 & l>ge portions are practically unt\*$4 ,9 !m1 too1 are sometimes l>ge city congregations1 self-support+ inde$ & self-gov]n+1 b suck+ into !mselves all ! m vigor\s elem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian community & employ+ !m )9 a some:at n>r[ circle4 ,! problem ( ! evangelisation ( ^! cities is a v s]i\s "o4 ,we sugge/ t ^! great cities might be treat$ ei!r z "o di/rict or z sev]al1 & t !y ought to be survey$ sy/ematically by a body repres5tative ( all ! missions 9 ea* city4 ,if a prop] survey 7 made & ! facts tabulat$1 ! /ati/ical tables w\ld be simil> to ^? = ! /ation di/rict1 & we c\ld use !m to complete a survey ( ! "w done 9 ! prov9ce treat$ z a unity4 ,b to view ! "w 9 ! prov9ce z a unity we d n ne$ all ! detail ( ! /ation di/ricts1 inde$ we %\ld only f9d ! multiplication ( detail confus+4 ,to ga9 a g5]al view ( "w 9 a l>ge area su* z a prov9ce or a small c\ntry we mu/ fir/ ( all select ^? features :i* are common to all ! p>ts & vitally important4 ,we v5ture to sugge/ t ! important features to be repres5t$ are five4 7#a7 ,! "w to be done 9 ! :ole area4 7#b7 ,! /r5g? ( ! :ole =ce at "w 9 relation to ! "w to be done4 7#c7 ,! ext5t to :i* emphasis is laid on v>i\s =ms ( "w4 7#d7 ,! ext5t to :i* diff]5t classes1 races1 & religions 9 ! area are rea*$4 7#e7 ,! ext5t to :i* ! ,*ur* has atta9$ to self-support4 #a4 ,if ! mission /ations & _! allott$ di/ricts cov]$ ! :ole c\ntry1 we %\ld ne$ to d no m ?an add toge!r ! returns obta9$ f ! /ation /ati/ics :i* we h already drawn up4 ,b 9 mo/ c\ntries !re are l>ge unoccupi$ areas ( ! size & population ( :i* we are m or less ignorant4 ,:at we h is1 ei!r a c5sus return = ! :ole prov9ce1 or an e/imate ( its area & population4 ,9 deal+ ) ! :ole prov9ce !n we mu/ treat ! /ation returns ( t[ns & villages occupi$ & ( ! numb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy z "w done2 & !n we mu/ f9d out ! relation ( ^! to ! :ole area & population4 ,?is w\ld h to be done probably fir/ on a l>ge scale map :i* w\ld %[ ! d5sity ( ! population 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! area1 & w\ld %[ ! /ations & ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy 9 relation to ! area & population4 ,^! facts c\ld !n be express$ 9 a table1 & we %\ld ga9 at once an idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! missions 7 9 a position to rea* ! population4 ,! table w\ld be exce$+ly simple & give u no m ?an ! b>e/ idea ( ! "w to be done 9 its vague/ expression4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,*ri/ian ,con- ,non-,*ri/ian ,prov9ce4 ,area4 ,population4 /itu5cy4 ,population4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,if1 9 addition to ?is1 !re 0 ei!r a c5sus return or a cr$ible e/imate ( ! cities1 t[ns1 & villages1 9 ! area1 a table c\ld be drawn ( ! cities1 t[ns1 & villages occupi$1 9 ! s5se t !re 7 ,*ri/ians resid5t 9 !m1 & ! "w c\ld be express$ 9 t =m also1 :i* w\ld greatly assi/ ! und]/&+ ( ! o!r4 ,occupi$4 ,unoccupi$4 ,prov9ce4 ,cities4 ,t[ns4 ,villages4 ,cities4 ,t[ns4 ,villages4 ,we ought "h to repeat t we d n imag9e = a mom5t t ! ,=eign ,missions are to occupy all ! villages or ev5 all ! cities & t[ns4 ,we believe t a c>eful /atem5t ( "w to be done 9 ?is =m w\ld v spe$ily =ce u to realise1 ) a cle>ness & p[] nev] be=e exp]i5c$1 ! tru? :i* we (t5 repeat1 t ! conv]sion ( ! c\ntry mu/ be ! "w ( native ,*ri/ians4 #b4 ,! =ce at "w 9 relation to ! "w to be done4 ,"h aga9 x w\ld n be suffici5t to add toge!r ! figures return$ f ! /ations1 because 9 a l>ge area l a prov9ce or a small c\ntry !re are (t5 _m mission>ies n at mission /ations b at "s l>ge c5tre engag$ 9 "w = ! :ole prov9ce r ?an = any p>ticul> mission di/rict2 z1 = in/ance1 translators or j\rnali/s2 m5 engag$ 9 ho/els or ,y4,m4,c4,a4 "w2 or 9 l>ge in/itutions1 su* z tra9+ colleges1 m$ical or educational or indu/rial2 or 9 "s special =m ( ,*ri/ian philan?ropy1 su* z "w among/ lep]s1 bl9d1 deaf & dumb1 & o!r infirm or defective p]sons2 or m5 engag$ 9 assi/+ ! mission>ies all ov] ! c\ntry z directors1 or =w>d+ ag5ts2 & all ^! mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 consid]+ ! =eign =ce 9 ! prov9ce4 ,includ+ all ^! we %\ld get a table = ! =eign =ce simil> to t :i* we _h = ! /ation1 & t =ce we c\ld relate directly to ! "w to be done4 ,re- m>ks ,popu- ,total ,propor- ,propor- ,s+le,propor- & lation4,=eigntion to ,m54 tion to ,wives4,wom54tion to ,con- ,=ce4 ,popu- ,popu- ,popu- clu- lation4 lation4 lation4sions4 ,we _c sacrifice ! proportions1 because ! life is 9 !m4 ,comp>ison ( conditions 9 diff]5t areas c only be made on proportions4 ,! m]e /atem5t ( ! figures ) ! sugge/ion t anyone c "w out ! proportions w\ld reveal a s+ul> ignorance ( human nature4 ,= ! native =ce all t we ne$ = ! pres5t purpose is a table t w %[ u ! ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy1 communicants1 & work]s 9 ! :ole prov9ce 9 proportion to "o ano!r4 ,"h also we mu/ include _m work]s & "s congregations 9 l>ge t[ns :i* ! /ation di/rict survey may h omitt$4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total4 ,proportion ,proportion ,proportion ,rem>ks ( ( ,*ri/ian ( & ,population4 ,con/itu5cy4 ,communicants4,conclu- sions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,*ri/ian con/itu5cy ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,communicants ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,paid work]s ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,unpaid ,work]s ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #c4 ,x is important to consid] c>efully ! proportions 9 :i* ! =ce is engag$ 9 diff]5t =ms ( "w s9ce1 z we h already expla9$1 ^! diff]5t =ms are (t51 if n g5]ally1 treat$ z di/9ct & sep>ate me?ods ( propag&a1 & m5 want to "k :at is ! effectiv5ess ( ea*4 ,!y ask1 :at are ! fruits ( m$ical & educational "w1 & !y expect an answ] 9 t]ms ( additions to ! ,*ur*4 ,if ! dom9ant object ( missions is ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur* ?is is inde$ n unnatural2 b1 z we h already said1 _m educational & m$ical mission>ies might res5t ?is dem&1 = !y h o!r ideas ( ! nature & purpose ( _! "w4 ,nev]!less1 s9ce ?is native ,*ur* is con/antly pres5t$ to u z ! dom9ant purpose ( all our ef=ts1 x is only "r t we %\ld make ! inquiry "h1 z we did 9 ! e>li] *apt]s1 & ask h[ ! =ce 9 ! field is divid$4 ,x seems almo/ absurd t we %\ld h no idea 9 :at proportion m$icals1 educationali/s1 & evangeli/s %\ld be employ$ 9 any field4 ,9 "s c\ntries m$ical "w is by f> ! mo/ effective1 if n ! only possible =m ( propag&a2 9 "s fields ! evangeli/s c "w effectively almo/ alone1 & m$ical in/itutions are n ! same necessity1 & _! e/abli%m5t does n produce great results 9 ! build+ ( ! ,*ur* :5 comp>$ ) ! "w ( evangeli/s & educationali/s4 ,9 "s places _! aid 0 at fir/ app>5tly necess>y to success1 b z "t w5t on t fir/ desp]ate importance ceas$4 ,we h n s l>ge a m$ical =ce t we c af=d to use x = any b ! mo/ important & necess>y purposes2 yet1 if ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur* is ! dom9ant purpose1 l>ge numb]s ( m$icals are do+ "w :i* is 7f ?is po9t ( view only7 ( second-rate importance1 :il/ "w :i* only !y c\ld d is left undone1 & cries al\d = _! assi/ance4 ,simil>ly1 if ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur* is really ! dom9ant object1 educationali/s are (t5 wrongly direct$ & plac$4 ,!y are n produc+ fruit 9 ?is reg>d 7( c\rse 9 ?is reg>d only7 9 any?+ l ! abundance :i* !y might produce if !y 7 free to attack ! real que/ions ( ! education ( ! native ,*ur*4 ,9 _m c5tres !y are do+ spl5did "w = ! enlight5m5t ( ! p1 b close beside !m are l>ge bodies ( ,*ri/ians :o f ! po9t ( view ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ur* ne$ _! help mu* m4 ,we ought !n to "k 9 ea* prov9ce h[ ! =ce is divid$ & :at is ! fruit ( ! lab\rs ( ea* class ( mission>ies view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! build+ up ( ! native ,*ur*4 ,n[ if we "k ! proportions ( ! work]s 9 ea* class 9 ea* c\ntry1 & if we c\ld h a table :i* told u ) any degree ( accuracy ! numb]s ( ! inquir]s1 communicants1 & places op5$ by ! lab\rs ( ea* class1 we %\ld surely h "s facts f :i* we might ga9 light on ?is mo/ practical "q1 9 :at proportion ! "w ( ea* class ( work]s 0 mo/ effective 9 ea* c\ntry z an evangeli/ic & *ur*-build+ ag5cy4 ,we propose !n two tables 7see opposite page74 7i7 ,paid ,am\nt ( ,am\nt ( ,rem>ks ,mission- ,native ,=eign ,native & ,con- aries ,work]s4 ,funds4 ,contributions4 clusions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,evangeli/ic -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,m$ical -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,educational -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,o!r =ms ( "w4 -- -- -- -- 7ii7 ,inquir]s ,places ,op5$ ,rem>ks ,d]iv$ ,communicants ,directly ,?r\gh & ,con- ,f ,d]iv$ f ,influ5ce ( clusions4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,evangeli/ic -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,m$ical -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,educational -- -- -- ,if we desire to "k ! influ5ce ( our m$ical & educational "w ^u ! native ,*ur* we ought c]ta9ly to h a table :i*1 = ! s*ools at lea/1 w\ld %[ u :at proportion ( ! pupils :o pass$ ?r\gh ! s*ools became valuable memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b e "o :o has _h any s*ola/ic exp]i5ce1 & has tri$ to foll[ ! aft]-hi/ory ( 8 pupils1 kn[s t t is n easy1 ev5 9 ext]nal & mat]ial affairs1 & :5 ! inquiry is conc]n$ ) int]nal convictions & religi\s influ5ce t difficulty is insup]able4 ,a few specially end[$ & devot$ educationali/s c\ld inde$ tell ! aft]-hi/ory ( a consid]able numb] ( _! pupils1 & ideally all s*ools ought to h a record ( ! hi/ory ( pupils = at lea/ a few ye>s aft] leav+ ! s*ool2 b !re w\ld always be a p]c5tage ( loss2 9 _m cases t p]c5tage w\ld be v high1 & we d\bt :e!r _m s*ools h any record at all4 ,"u ^! circum/ances to put into an inquiry su* z t :i* we propose a "q conc]n+ ! aft]-life ( s*ol>s or pati5ts seems almo/ impossible4 ,yet we _c be cont5t4 ,!re are mission s*ools :i* g on ye> aft] ye> educat+ boys = a bus9ess c>e]1 & g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( boys pass ?r\gh ! s*ool1 l>ge sums ( mission money are exp5d$ on !m1 & ! results f a mission>y po9t ( view are %r\d$ 9 ,cimm]ian gloom2 or ! g5]al d>kness is reliev$ by "o or two exceptional pupils :o1 because !y d v well1 appe> to ju/ify ! exi/5ce ( ! in/itution 9 :i* !y 7 educat$1 ?\gh !y w\ld probably h be5 z valuable ,*ri/ians if !y _h be5 educat$ 9 any o!r s*ool4 ,9 ?is way a v l[ av]age is (t5 conceal$4 ,if a s*ool is judg$ by a few exceptionally good s*ol>s1 x %\ld also be judg$ by a few exceptionally bad ones4 ,x is inde$ ( s]i\s importance t ! mission>y value ( "s ( our m$ical & educational1 especially ! educational1 in/itutions %\ld be c>efully exam9$ & te/$ by an appeal to indisputable facts4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t education 9 mission s*ools mu/ necess>ily produce a /rong1 enlight5$1 & zeal\s ,*ri/ian community4 ,t x produces a l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ians intellectually enlight5$ is c]ta93 t !y are zeal\s evangeli/s is n z c]ta94 ,we want a /ati/ical table to reveal ! mission>y value1 n ! comm]cial value1 ( ! education giv54 ,b :at table c we draw8 ,! prec$+ table :i* sets =? inquir]s & communicants is cle>ly insuffici5t ?\gh x is bett] ?an no?+4 ,until e s*ool keeps a c>eful record ( ! aft]-hi/ory ( at lea/ a l>ge numb] ( its pupils x seems impossible to get any cle> light on ! "q4 #d4 ,) reg>d to ! ext5t to :i* diff]5t races & classes are rea*$ by ! missions1 we may safely assume t ! ,*ri/ian missions ought to ext5d _! b5efits to all classes & races 9 ! area1 & t !re ought to be "s proportion betwe5 ! ef=ts made 9 ea* case4 ,if1 & :51 ! responsible lead]s ( ! missions decid$ t ! "t _h come to conc5trate on "o p>ticul> k9d ( "w = "o p>ticul> class1 we may be p]fectly c]ta9 t !y w\ld h no difficulty 9 ju/ify+ _! action4 ,b 9 any case action %\ld n be tak5 )\t consid]ation ( proportions1 &1 !re=e1 x is important t ! proportions %\ld be kn[n4 ,b 9 deal+ ) "w 9 ! prov9ce or small c\ntry we _c simply repeat ! table prep>$ = ! mission di/rict4 ,9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry !re are (t5 mission>ies at "w :o give !mselves up :olly to "o class4 ,x is difficult1 if n impossible1 to di/+ui% e possible =m ( "w2 b see+ t v consid]able "w is done among/ /ud5ts1 we h ?\ght x well to add "o column 9 :i* ! proportion ( ! *ildr5 ( diff]5t classes :o are att5d+ ,*ri/ian s*ools or liv+ 9 ,*ri/ian ho/els is set =?3-- ,agri- ,rem>ks ,p]c5tage ,/ud-,(fi- cultural,trad]s4,lab\r]s4 ,crafts-& (3 ents4cials4,small- m54 ,conclu- ,hold]s4 sions4 ,9 ,population -- -- -- -- -- -- ,9 ,*ri/ian -- -- -- -- -- -- ,con/itu5cy ,9 ,*ri/ian s*ools & ho/els1 -- -- -- -- -- -- p]c5tage ( *ildr5 ( ,) respect to "w among diff]5t races1 ca/es1 etc41 no addition to ! table prep>$ = ! di/rict seems necess>y1 & we !re=e repeat x3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,races1 ,religi\s ,ca/es1 etc41 :atev] ,rem>ks !y may be4 ,& ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,9 ,population ---- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,9 ,*ri/ian ---- ,con/itu5cy ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #e4 ,conc]n+ self-support1 "o table %\ld1 we ?9k1 suffice4 ,we _c possibly adopt any e/imat$ necess>y exp5diture su* z we propos$ 9 ! table = ! /ation di/rict because 9 ! prov9ce t e/imate w\ld be almo/ impossible to make4 ,diff]5t missions h diff]5t ideas1 & _! e/imates h = !mselves "s reality2 b !y h no reality = o!rs1 & a m]e av]age ( ! e/imates giv5 = all ! missions ( ! prov9ce w\ld h /ill less reality4 ,x w\ld be an absurd guess1 mean+ no?+4 ,if we want to judge progress 9 self-support we mu/ h "s def9ite key figure by :i* to judge x4 ,:at figure !n c we use8 ,! total co/ ( all ! "w c>ri$ on 9 ! prov9ce is an impossible figure4#a ,! m]e contribution ( ! native ,*ri/ians by itself means no?+4 ,t is ! figure g5]ally giv54 ,! native ,*ri/ian subscrib$ #fjjj la/ ye>1 #gjjj ?is ye>4 ,"h is progress4 ,! progress is an addition ( #ajjj4 ,b does t tell u _! progress t[>ds self-support unless we "k :at self-support implies8 ,9 ! ye> ! ,*ur* ought to h increas$ 9 numb]s1 & ! #gjjj may repres5t exactly ! same position z ! #fjjj repres5t$ la/ ye>4 ,exp5ses may h increas$3 ! #gjjj may be actually fur!r remov$ f self-support ?an ! #fjjj la/ ye>4 ,we mu/ h a proportion ( :i* we c trace ! v>iation if we want to see progress4 ,b is !re any exp5se :i* we c use to /rike ! proportion8 ,suppose !n we sugge/ ! pay ( all evangeli/ic & pa/oral work]s & provision & upkeep ( *ur*es1 *apels1 & prea*+ rooms4 ,t w\ld at lea/ give u some?+ to "w by4 ,b x might be difficult to calculate4 ,we w\ld propose !n1 z a second>y item1 "s easily calculable & kn[n exp5se1 some?+ :i* e mission>y acc\ntant kn[s1 su* z ! pay ( all native pa/ors & evangeli/ic work]s1 & !n comp>e ) ^! ! contributions ( ! ,*ri/ians = ,*ur* & evangeli/ic "w only1 exclud+ all fees = education & m$ic9e4 ,t w\ld1 we ?9k1 give u a /&>d :i* we c\ld apply )\t hav+ to consid] complications introduc$ by su* ?+s z ,gov]nm5t grants to s*ools or hospitals4 ,we propose !n to judge progress 9 self-support ?us3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,total ,co/ ,total ,total ( all ,sal>ies ( ,native ,evangeli/ic all ,paid ,contribution1 ,prov9ce4 & ,native exclud+ ,rem>ks & ,pa/oral ,evangeli/ic ,s*ool or ,conclusions4 ,"w1 ,m5 ,work]s1 ,hospital & ,mat]ial4 includ+ ,fees or ,pa/ors4 ,donations4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,footnote #a3 ,9 ,dr4 ,eug5e ,/ock's ,hi/ory ( ! ,c4,m4,s41 vol4 ii41 p4 #dbj1 we are told t ,9 #ahfc1444 #djj families rais$ #acga rupees1 equal !n to #acg4 ,^! families consi/$ ma9ly ( lab\r]s e>n+ 7say7 #bs4 a week2 s t a correspond+ sum = #djj families ( ,engli% lab\r]s e>n+ #abs4 a week w\ld be #acg x #f #hbb1 or ov] #b a ye> f ea* family4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 tak+ ! :ole ( ! ,c4,m4,s4 di/ricts 9 ,t9nevelly & reckon+ cate*um5s z well z baptis$ ,*ri/ians1 _! contributions 7 su* t1 suppos+ ! :ole ?irty millions ( p 9 ,engl& 7 poor lab\r]s e>n+ #abs4 a week1 & !re 7 no o!r s\rce ( weal?1 _! correspond+ contributions %\ld am\nt to #f1jjj1jjj p] annum4 ,yet he says on ! v next page t ,x 0 n possible = ! native ,*ur*1 lib]al z its contributions 71 to ma9ta9 its pa/ors & meet its o!r exp5ses 7he does n say :at ! o!r exp5ses 77 entirely4 ,! society mu/ necess>ily help = a :ile4444 ,?is grant1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 _h to be l>ge en\gh to cov] mu* m ?an half ! exp5diture4 ,if ?is 0 ! case 9 "o "p ( a prov9ce1 :at w\ld happ5 if we took ! :ole exp5se ( all "w c>ri$ on 9 a :ole prov9ce or c\ntry & us$ t z a /&>d by :i* to te/ progress 9 self-support8 ,turn+ n[ f ! =ce at "w we mu/ consid] ! =ce 9 tra9+1 = ?is is prophetic4 ,let u !n take fir/ a table :i* %[s ! proportion 9 :i* /ud5ts are be+ tra9$ = pa/oral & evangeli/ic "w1 = m$ical mission "w1 & = educational mission "w1 9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry1 reg>dless ( ! place at :i* !y are be+ tra9$1 :e!r t place is inside or outside ! area "u consid]ation4 ,?is ought to %[ u on :at l9es we may expect ! "w to develop 9 ! ne> future4 ,total ,= ,evangel- ,/ud5ts i/ic ,"w1 ,propor- ,= ,propor-,= ,educa-,rem>ks 9 includ+ ! tion (,m$icaltion (tional & ,tra9+4,pa/orate4 ,total4 ,"w4 ,total4 ,"w4 ,conclu- sions ,!n we mu/ exam9e m closely1 if we c2--& fir/ ( ! evangeli/ic work]s4 ,! difficulty is to classify1 because ecclesia/ical nom5clature is s confus$ t x is almo/ impossible to use any t]ms :i* w\ld be widely recognis$4 ,! be/ we c d is to di/+ui% grades ( tra9+1 beg9n+ f ! top ?us3-- #a/ grade1 college or univ]sity4 #bnd high s*ool4 #crd regul> ,bible s*ool4 #d? int]mitt5t1 irregul> ,bible in/ruction4 ,x w probably be f\nd t ! fir/ grade is commonly prep>$ =1 & looks =w>d to1 ! *>ge ( a settl$ congregation1 or ( an organis$ *ur*1 & ! l[] grades d ! pione] "w1 & x may well sugge/ itself to ?\ghtful m5 :e!r ?is is rightly s4 ,!n1 educationali/s 9 tra9+3 aga9 we divide by grades r\ghly3-- #a/ grade1 college or univ]sity4 #bnd normal s*ool4 #crd high s*ool4 #d? tea*]s ( illit]ates4 ,! college /ud5ts presumably look =w>d to "w 9 ! high s*ools1 or colleges1 or normal s*ools2 ! normal s*ool pupils to "w 9 normal s*ools1 high s*ools1 & l>ge prim>y s*ools2 ! high s*ool pupils to "w 9 village s*ools2 & ! tea*]s ( illit]ates to village "w1 or "w among ! poor 9 ! t[ns4 ,( m$icals ! g5]ally recognis$ di/9ctions seem to be1 qualifi$ practition]s1 assi/ants1 & nurses4 ,foll[+ ^! l9es we %\ld obta9 simple prophetic tables = ea* ( ! ?ree bran*es ( "w4 7i7 ,/ud5ts 9 ,tra9+ = ,evangeli/ic ,"w4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a/ ,grade4 #bnd4 #crd4 #d?4 ,college4 ,high ,s*ool4 ,regul> ,int]mitt5t4 ,bible ,s*ool ,tea*+ ---------------------------------------- --- -------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ 7ii7 ,= ,educational ,"w4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a/ ,grade4 #bnd4 #crd4 ,tea*]s ( ,college4 ,normal4 ,high ,s*ool4 ,illit]ates4 ---------------------------------------- --- -------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ 7iii7 ,= ,m$ical ,"w4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ #a/ ,grade4 #bnd4 #crd4 ,to be ,qualifi$ ,doctors4 ,assi/ants1 includ+ ,disp5s]s1 ,nurses4 etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,if we _h ^? tables = m5 & wom5 we %\ld see fairly pla9ly h[ ! "w might be expect$ to develop4 ,b "h we ought to rememb] ! difficulty :i* we set =? e>li] 9 discuss+ ! mission>y influ5ce ( our v>i\s activities1 m$ical & educational1 f a ,*ur* build+ po9t ( view4 ,a great _m boys are educat$ & tra9$ at mission exp5se to be evangeli/s1 m$icals1 & tea*]s 9 mission employ1 :o s]ve inde$ = a p]iod accord+ to _! contract & !n disappe> into ,gov]nm5t s]vice or private practice4 ,x is a s]i\s "q :e!r mission>ies c be rais$ up successfully 9 ?is way4 ,i w give y tra9+ if y w promise to s]ve ! mission1 is n a v c]ta9 way ( secur+ ready1 :olehe>t$1 zeal\s s]vice ( ,*ri/4 ,we h f\nd out its unc]ta9ty 9 _m cases at home2 we h f\nd x out 9 /ill m frequ5t cases 9 ! mission field4 ,unless we keep a v c>eful record ( ! aft]-life ( ^? :om we tra91 & a v hone/ "o1 we are apt to ignore ! failure1 a failure :i* we _c prop]ly af=d1 & consequ5tly we _c "k :at we are really do+ by our tra9+4 ,we ought to "k ! tru? 9 ?is matt]1 bo? = our enc\ragem5t & our admonition4 ,happily "h1 we ?9k1 we c f9d an easy & a valuable te/4 ,if we ask :at proportion ( ^? :om we tra9 cont9ue 9 _! mission>y "w aft] ! end ( _! fir/ t]m ( s]vice1 we %all c]ta9ly h "s enlight5m5t2 = x is true ( m$icals & educationali/s1 & ( evangeli/s1 ?\gh 9 a mu* less degree1 t if any man cont9ues 9 mission>y "w aft] he has fulfill$ ! lett] ( 8 contract1 x w g5]ally be because he has 8 he>t 9 ! "w2 = mission>y "w seldom1 if ev]1 (f]s ! emolum5ts ( ,gov]nm5t s]vice1 or ( private practice4 ,we ask !n-- ,,survey ,,( ,,"w ,,9 ,a ,,prov9ce ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,evangeli/ic ,m$ical ,educational ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total ,/ud5ts ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,tra9$ at ,mission ,exp5se1 ,:olly or 9 ,"p4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,numb] :o ,cont9ue 9 ,mission ,"w aft] ! end ( ! ,t]m ( _! ,contract4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,proportion ( ,total ,/ud5ts :o s ,cont9ue4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,rem>ks & ,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,if ! in/itutions 9 :i* ! tra9+ is actually c>ri$ on lie )9 ! prov9ce1 !n we ought to h tables su* z we h = ! s*ools 9 ! /ation area = ^! in/itutions4 ,we ne$ no elaborate /ati/ics 9 ?is place1 because ! "w ( ^! in/itutions %\ld be specially treat$ 9 dep>tm5tal surveys4 ,"h1 all t we ne$ is to relate ! "w ( ! s*ools or hospitals :i* 7 omitt$ 9 ! /ation di/rict survey1 because !y s]v$ a l>g] area ?an ! /ation area1 to ! "w done 9 ! prov9ce or c\ntry4 ,! educational returns f ea* /ation area mu/ be add$ toge!r & ! returns ( ^! l>g] in/itutions add$ to ! total educational /ati/ics2 t w give u ! "w done 9 ! l>g] area 9 proportion to population4 ,b 9 ! prov9ce x is important to consid] ! relation 9 :i* ! diff]5t grade s*ools /& to "o ano!r2 because if ! aim ( ! mission>y educational sy/em is ! education ( ! ,*ri/ian community1 & ! high] s*ools are design$ prim>ily = ,*ri/ian pupils f ! l[] s*ools1 ?is relation is ( importance4 ,x is possible to build an organisation too n>r[ at ! base & too heavy at ! top1 & !n to fill ! high] s*ools ) non-,*ri/ian pupils )\t any def9ite und]/&+ ( ! way 9 :i* t practice is to s]ve ! ma9 purpose ( ! mission4 ,!n ^! s*ools /& on a di/9ct & sep>ate basis f ! re/ ( ! mission activities1 & ! "w ( ,*ri/ian missions 9 ! c\ntry is split1 "p aim+ directly at ! e/abli%m5t ( a native ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & "p aim+ at ! g5]al improvem5t ( morals1 & social1 religi\s1 & political enlight5m5t4 ,?us we arrive at t *aotic /ate 9 :i* ! mission z a :ole is n subord9ate to any dom9ant idea ( ! purpose = :i* x exi/s1 :i* alone c unify ! "w ( all its memb]s4 ,b if ! colleges & s*ools are design$ = mutual support1 & if ! high] h any relation to ! l[] grades1 !n !re mu/ be "s proportion betwe5 ! base & ! sup]/ructure1 & t proportion mu/ be kn[n & express$ 9 any survey wor?y ( ! "n4 ,we include1 !re=e1 ! foll[+ table3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,mission ,proportion ,proportion ,rem>ks ,s*ools1 to to & ,numb] ,population4 ,high ,conclusions4 (4 ,s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,prim>y ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,high ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,normal ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,colleges ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,9 ! prov9ce also we mu/ "k ! educational facilities af=d$ by non-mission>y ag5cies1 if we are to h any true conception ( ! "w ( ! educational missions4 ,we mu/ !re=e add a table = ^! s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,non- ,proportion ,rem>ks4 ,mission>y to ,s*ools1 ,population4 ,numb] (4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,prim>y ,s*ools ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,high ,s*ools4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,normal ,s*ool ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,colleges4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,"h x is n necess>y = u to f9d ! proportion betwe5 ! high] & l[] grade s*ools1 because we are n survey+ ! non-mission>y educational "w1 & _! s*eme ( proportions is n our bus9ess4 ,a comp>atively slight addition to ! tables = m$ical "w 9 ! v>i\s /ation di/ricts w suffice to give an adequate impression ( ! m$ical "w done 9 ! :ole area4 ,we ne$ n g into details1 = ! m$ical "w %\ld be1 & g5]ally is1 review$ by ,m$ical ,bo>ds 9 _! reports4 ,= u n[1 all t is ne$$ is ! addition ( tables1 simil> to ^? :i* we us$ = hospitals 9 ! /ation area1 = hospitals exclud$ f any /ation survey4 ,two o!r subjects ought to be includ$ 9 ?is prov9cial survey1 namely1 lit]ature & indu/rial "w4 ,fir/1 we mu/ try to f9d a table :i* w express ! "w done by ^? important mission>ies :o are engag$ 9 provid+ ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 bo? = ! ,*ri/ian community & ! hea!n outside4 ,"h we f9d once m ! difficulty t1 :il/ a few mission>ies are :olly engag$ 9 ?is =m ( mission>y "w1 mu* is produc$ by mission>ies :o h already be5 includ$ 9 ! tables z ei!r evangeli/ic or educational or m$ical mission>ies1 & we also t\* booksell+ & o!r k9dr$ comm]cial que/ions4 ,) ! comm]cial aspect ( ?is "w we _c deal4 ,! foll[+ tables w ?r[ light on ! ext5t to :i* ,*ri/ian lit]ature is be+ produc$ & read3-- 7i7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,numb] ( ,mission>ies :olly ,engag$ ,proportion ( ,total 9 ,lit]>y ,"w4 ,mission>ies4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,numb] ( ,v]nacul> ,numb] ( ,proportion ( ,sales ,*ri/ian ,books ,produc$ ,*ri/ian ,books to ,population4 9 ! ,ye>4 ,sold 9 ! ,ye>4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,bibles or ,bibles or ,scripture ,o!r ,scripture ,o!r ,portions4 ,books4 ,portions4 ,books4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,if ! bus9ess side ( lit]>y "w is difficult1 ! :ole position ( indu/rial missions is /ill m difficult4 ,9 "s c\ntries indu/rial missions seem to be trad+ v5tures ) a ,*ri/ian int5tion1 9 o!rs indu/rial missions are really almo/ entirely educational e/abli%m5ts4 ,! be/ tables :i* we h ev] se5 deal+ ) ?is subject 7 ^? drawn by ,mr4 ,sidney ,cl>k 9 "o ( 8 pap]s1 ,f a ,layman to a ,layman4#a ,all t we c d is to sugge/ t indu/rial missions :i* are 9 ! ma9 cle>ly & unmi/akably educational %\ld be includ$ 9 ! educational "w1 & t ! missions ) l>ge comm]cial int]e/s1 ev5 if !y are do+ a valuable educational "w = ! community1 %\ld be treat$ sep>ately1 ?us3-- ,footnote #a3 ,pr9t$ = private di/ribution by ,mr4 ,s4,j4,w4 ,cl>k1 #c ,tudor ,/reet1 ,blackfri>s1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 #d4 ,indu/rial ,missions1 7a7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,prov9ce4 ,numb] ( ,am\nt ( ,mission ,proportion ( ,indu/rial ,funds ,allott$ to ,total ,mission ,missions4 su* ,"w4 ,funds4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 7b7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,mission>ies ,proportion ( ,prov9ce4 ,indu/rial ,engag$ 9 su* ,total ,in/itutions4 ,in/itutions4 ,mission>ies ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 7c7 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,proportion ( ,prov9ce4 ,indu/rial ,native ,ag5ts ,native ,*ri/ian ,missions4 ,employ$4 ,work]s ,employ$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,9 "s missions ! proportion ( mission>ies & native work]s s employ$ w\ld be v small2 9 o!rs !y w\ld be v consid]able4 ,!re is n[ a t5d5cy to h& ov] "s ( ! indu/rial "w z x develops along comm]cial l9es to ,bo>ds ( ,*ri/ian m5 :o are int]e/$ 9 ! social & spiritual aspect ( ! "w4 ,9 ! prov9ce we mu/ also consid] union "w1 "w done 9 common by two or m societies1#a sometimes evangeli/ic1 sometimes m$ical or educational tra9+1 sometimes ! e/abli%m5t1 or enl>gem5t ( an educational or m$ical in/itution2 or sometimes1 z 9 ,kwangtung 9 ,s\? ,*9a1 sev]al societies unite 9 a ,bo>d ( ,co-op]ation4 ,?is union ( societies = ! bett] & m effici5t p]=mance ( _! "w is a mo/ important developm5t ( ! la/ few ye>s3 important bo? to ! work]s on ! field & to u at home4 ,we ought1 !re=e1 to h a %ort table to %[ :at is be+ done4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,numb] ( ,societies ,numb] ,co-op]at+ 9 ,numb] ( ( -------------------------------- ,societies ,rem>ks ,societies,evangeli/ic,m$ical,educationa l ,co-op]at+ & at ,"w4 ,"w4 ,"w4 ,"w4 9 all ,"w4,conclusions4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,footnote #a3 ,! l>g] & m important movem5ts t[>ds corporate union1 su* z ^? n[ tak+ place 9 ,s4 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,e4 ,africa1 lie outside ! scope ( ?is survey until _! completion affects _! /ati/ical returns4 ,!n ! importance ( !m w spe$ily appe>4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,/ation ,,to ,,! ,,_w4 ,we h n[ dealt ) ! survey ( ! /ation & ( ! prov9ce or small c\ntry1 b ! f9al end ( mission>y "w is ! atta9m5t ( a _w-wide purpose4 ,! ,gospel is = ! :ole _w1 n = a fragm5t ( x1 h[ev] big4 ,mission>y "w _c prop]ly be c>ri$ on 9 any place except by means & me?ods design$ ) a view to ! :ole1 & missions c nev] be prop]ly pres5t$ to u at home s long z we are taught to fix our eyes on small areas2 because ! great *>act]i/ic ( missions is _! va/ness4 ,?is is :at is s uplift+ & ennobl+ 9 ! "w4 ,e little piece ( mission "w ought to be direct$ on pr9ciples capable ( be>+ ! weight ( ! :ole4 ,we ought to be able to say1 ,! :ole _w c be conv]t$ by ^! means & on ^! pr9ciples :i* we are "h employ+ 9 ?is little village4 ,if ! me?ods & ! pr9ciples are s n>r[ t we c build no great _w-wide /ructure on !m1 we c take little m int]e/ 9 !m ?an we d 9 ! petty politics ( "s little p>i% at home4 ,we h !n yet to dem& t we %all be able to put e little /ation into its prop] place 9 ?is l>g] :ole1 & to see h[ its pr9ciples & me?ods are illum9$ by ! vision ( ! :ole1 be+ e/abli%$ ) ! design ( accompli%+ ! :ole task4 ,we turn !n n[ to ?is l>g] view ( mission "w4 ,! tables :i* we h drawn = a prov9ce or small c\ntry w\ld enable u to comp>e ! "w 9 ea* area ) ano!r su* area 9 ! l>g] :ole1 & to judge :e!r we 7 unduly neglect+ any2 :]e ! ,*ur* 0 /ronge/ & :]e x 0 lea/ e/abli%$2 :]e x 0 m capable & :]e x 0 less capable ( tak+ ov] t "w :i* rightly belongs to x1 ( ext5d+ its own b\nd>ies1 & ( ma9ta9+ its own life4 ,we %\ld n s5d ha/y missions "h or !re because "s int]e/+ political ev5t attracts ! eyes ( m5 to ?is or t p>ticul> c\ntry1 b on def9ite mission>y pr9ciples1 act+ on a cle> & reasonable und]/&+ ( ! mission>y situation 9 ! _w4 ,! commission ( ,*ri/ is _w-wide1 ! claim ( ,*ri/ is _w-wide1 ! "w ( ,*ri/1 ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ are all-embrac+2 & ! "w :i* mission>ies d 9 ,8 "n %\ld be all-embrac+ to4 ,we %\ld conduct all our "w1 & plan all our "w1 at home & abroad1 ) our eyes fix$ on ! f9al goal1 :i* is = u1 s long z we are on ?is e>?1 cot]m9\s only ) ! limits ( ! habitable globe4 ,we _c be cont5t to approa* ev5 ! l>ge/ areas z ?\gh our action 0 limit$ by !m4 ,all our policy 9 e "p %\ld be "p ( a policy design$ = ! :ole4 ,if x is n design$ to accompli% ! :ole x is n adequate = any "p4 ,h[ !n c\ld we ga9 a vision ( ! :ole1 a :ole compos$ ( su* va/ & div]se p>ts8 ,obvi\sly we mu/ h = e c\ntry 9 :i* any mission>y "w is c>ri$ on "s common returns1 ei!r ^? :i* we v5ture to sugge/ or o!rs :i* "s abl] m9ds might sugge/2 b t !y mu/ be common to all1 & fundam5tal 9 "*1 is obvi\s2 & !y mu/ be r$uc$ to proportions on a common basis1 or comp>ison & comb9ation w be impossible2 & !y mu/ be z few z possible 9 ord] to avoid confusion4 ,we sugge/1 !n1 t if we _h ! f\r tables :i* foll[ we %\ld possess a reasonable basis1 suffici5t = our pres5t ne$s1 especially s9ce we suppose !y w\ld be support$ by ! tables = ! diff]5t prov9ces1 c\ntries1 & /ations :i* we h already sugge/$1 & !y ought to be supplem5t$ by surveys made by ea* society ( its own "w & by dep>tm5tal surveys ( m$ical1 educational1 indu/rial1 & lit]>y "w made = ! special direction ( ea* ( ^! bran*es4 ,b = a fir/ g5]al view ( ! :ole we propose3-- 7#a7 ,a table %[+ ! =ce at "w 9 ! area 9 relation to ! population3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,proportion to ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,prov9ce ,popula- ,total ,*ris- ,com- or tion4 ,=eign tian municants ,paid ,unpaid ,c\ntry ,mission- ,con/itu- or ,full ,work]s4 ,work]s4 ,area4 aries4 ents4 ,memb]s ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,t w\ld give u a g5]al view ( ! =ce at "w 9 relation to ! "w to be done & ( ! proportions betwe5 its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,!n 7#b73-- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,proportion ( ,paid ,proportion ( ,work]s ,unpaid ,work]s ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,propor- ,*ri/ian tion ---------------------------------------- ------ ,con/itu- ( ,to ,to ency4 ,lit]- ,to ,*ri/ian ,to ,*ri/ian ates4 ,com- ,con/itu- ,com- ,con/itu- municants4 ency municants4 ency4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,t w\ld give u an idea ( ! "* & p[] ( ! =ce4 7#c7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,p]c5tage ,p]c5tage ,paid ( ,total ( ,total ,mission>ies4 ,native ,=eign ,funds ,native ,work]s4 ,employ$ 94 ,contributions ,employ$ 94 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,evangeli/ic -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,m$ical -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,educational -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,o!r =ms -- -- -- -- ( "w -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,t w\ld give u relative emphasis on diff]5t =ms ( "w4 7#d7 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,total ,am\nt ,paid ,relation ( ,native ,*ri/ian to ,native ,evangel- ,total ,native ,contribution to ,con/itu5cy4 i/ic ,work]s ,9- ,contribution4 ,pay ( ,work]s4 clud+ all ,pa/ors4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,t w\ld give u "s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! native ,*ri/ians support ! exi/+ "w4 ,n[ if we c\ld =m "s idea ( ! =ce at "w 9 relation to ! c\ntry 9 :i* x is work+2 & "s idea ( ! "* ( ! =ce2 & "s idea ( ! relative emphasis laid on diff]5t =ms ( "w1 & "s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! native ,*ri/ians support ! "w1 we %\ld1 we hope1 be able to =m a reasonable e/imate ( ! ext5t & progress ( our ef=ts 9 ! _w4 ,! :ole numb] ( =ms w\ld n be v l>ge1 = !re w\ld only be ab\t #aej areas f :i* su* =ms w\ld be requir$1 & ^! c\ld be comb9$ s z to give u a view ( ! situation 9 ! _w su* z ! m9d c\ld grasp4 ,?is is1 we admit1 r a ha/y & t5tative expression ( ! way 9 :i* we might satisfy ! pres5t ne$2 b x seems to u t ! "t is ripe = ! consid]ation ( ?is great subject1 & we c ?9k ( no bett] plan ?an to propose tables1 & !n to leave o!rs to criticise & am5d !m1 or to sugge/ bett] ones1 or bett] me?ods ( atta9+ an object :i* few w\ld d5y to be desirable4 ,) prop] tables1 ^! or o!rs1 we %\ld !n be able to trace ! mean+ & results ( ea* /ation :i* we f\nd$ & to put x into its place 9 a reason$ s*eme ( ?+s1 & t is ! cry+ ne$4