,! ,la/ ,re=mation ,by ,f4,g4 ,smi? ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,,:at ,,! ,,bible ,,tea*es ,,! ,,revelation ,,expla9$ ,,prophetic ,,lectures ,,on ,,daniel ,,& ,,revelation ,,preface ,god's true p ev]y:]e are look+ = light on ! *ur* "q4 ,a deep und]curr5t ( dissatisfaction ) ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s exi/s 9 ! ecclesia/ical _w4 ,! hi/oric cre$s are /ation>y & cons]vative1 b religi\s ?\ght c n always be b\nd nor its progress p]man5tly h9d]$4 ,hone/ ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 w ?9k1 & !y are n[ ?9k+ 9 ! t]ms ( a univ]sal ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ,i am able to disc]n ! signs ( ! times1 ! ris+ tide ( ,*ri/ian love & fell[%ip is ab\t to ov]fl[ ! l9es ( sect & br+ toge!r 9 "o common hope & 9 "o common bro!rhood all ^? :o love our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 s9c]ity4 ,:at w con/itute ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! *ur* ( ! future8 ,?is is ! burn+ "q4 ,spiritual-m9d$ m5 are consci\s t ?+s c n long cont9ue z !y n[ are1 b :at & :]e is ! rem$y8 ,aft] ?is book 0 complet$ & 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t]s1 ,i receiv$ a copy ( ,! ,*ur* & its ,organization1 by ,walt] ,l[rie1 & 0 surpriz$ to f9d 9 x mu* tru? t ,i _h already receiv$ ?r\gh indep5d5t inve/igation & embodi$ 9 my manuscript4 ,i ref] p>ticul>ly to ! *>ismatic organization & gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*4 ,x is gratify+ to "k t o!r m9ds are be+ l$ to ! same conclusions reg>d+ a subject ( su* vital importance to ! future ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 writ+ ! pres5t "w ,i h endeavor$ to pres5t ! ,scriptural solution ( ?is great problem1 a solution :i* takes into acc\nt1 & gives due respect to1 hi/oric ,*ri/ianity1 ! prophecies respect+ ! *ur* & its de/9y1 & ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( our holy religion z x emanat$ f ! div9e ,f\nd]4 ,if ?is "w c be ( s]vice 9 po9t+ out ,*ri/'s plan & purpose to ga!r toge!r 9 "o ! *ildr5 ( ,god :i* are scatt]$ abroad1 & also be in/rum5tal 9 help+ to accompli% ?is gr& ,*ri/ian ideal1 ,i %all feel abundantly repaid4 ,f4,g4 ,,smi?4 ,&]son1 ,indiana1 ,may #f1 #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,introduction--,! ,"t ( ,re=mation #i ,"p ,i--,! ,*ur* 9 ,apo/olic ,days ,,*apt] ,i ,! ,*ur* ,def9$ #ai ,,ii ,! ,univ]sal ,*ur* #ba ,,iii ,! ,local ,*ur* #cc ,,iv ,! ,organization & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* #da ,"p ,,ii--,! ,*ur* 9 ,hi/ory ,v ,corruption ( ,evangelical ,fai? #gc ,,vi ,rise ( ,ecclesia/icism #hg ,,vii ,! ,re=mation #aja ,,viii ,mod]n ,sects #aaa ,,ix ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,future #abe ,"p ,,iii--,! ,*ur* 9 ,prophecy ,x ,int]pretation ( ,prophetic ,symbols #ada ,,xi ,! ,apo/olic ,p]iod #adi ,,xii ,! ,m$ieval ,p]iod #afi ,,xiii ,era ( ,mod]n ,sects #bji ,,xiv ,! ,la/ ,re=mation #bbc ,,introduction ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,re=mation ,9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory ! t]m ,re=mation has be5 appli$ specifically to ! important religi\s movem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury :i* result$ 9 ! =mation ( ! v>i\s ,prote/ant *ur*es ( t p]iod4 ,s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury !re h be5 o!r religi\s re=mations1 "s ( consid]able importance & influ5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,a pres5t re=mation ,!re is a pres5t re=mation specially di/+ui%$ f all ^? t h gone be=e4 ,x is result+ f ! p>ticul> op]ation ( ! ,_s ( ,god z pr$ict$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & its influ5ces are be+ felt 9 v>y+ degrees ?r\gh\t all ,*ri/5dom4 ,_m ,*ri/ians are already /irr$ to action by ! consci\s k ( ,*ri/'s message = ^! times1 :ile multipli$ ?\s&s ( o!rs :o love ! ,"l ,jesus are exp]i5c+ )9 _! own he>ts ! awak5+ ( new aspirations & impulses1 ! real mean+ ( :i* !y d n z yet und]/&1 b :i* are1 ?r\gh ! lead]%ip ( ! ,holy ,_s1 unconsci\sly fitt+ !m = _! true place 9 ?is great _w-wide movem5t :i* is de/9$ to exce$ 9 importance & influ5ce all o!r religi\s re=mations s9ce ! days ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,s9ce1 z we %all %[1 ! pres5t re=mation is ! "w ( ! ,_s affect+ all true ,*ri/ians1 draw+ !m toge!r = ! realization ( a gr& ,scriptural ideal1 x is evid5t t no p>ticul> b& ( p enjoy its exclusive monopoly4 ,may ! same ,holy ,_s illum9ate our he>ts & m9ds 9 ! contemplation ( ! tru?s ( ! div9e ,^w4 ,! t]m re=mation signifies ! act ( re=m+ or ! /ate ( be+ re=m$2 *ange f worse to bett]2 correction or am5dm5t ( life1 mann]s1 or ( any?+ vici\s or corrupt4 ,9 its application to ! religion ( ,*ri/1 re=mation means ! correction ( abuses & corrupt practises t h become associat$ ) ! ,*ri/ian sy/em2 ! elim9ation ( all unwor?y1 =eign elem5ts4 ,9 o!r words1 x implies re/oration1 a return to ! practises & ideals ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at ! f9al re=mation mu/ include ,if we inquire conc]n+ ! limits ( true re=matory "w1 we see at once t1 if !re is to be a f9al re=mation1 su* a movem5t mu/ re/ore 9 its fundam5tal aspects apo/olic ,*ri/ianity--its doctr9es1 its ord9ances1 its p]sonal reg5]at+ & sanctify+ exp]i5ces1 its spiritual life1 its hol9ess1 its p[]1 its purity1 its gifts ( ! ,_s1 its unity ( believ]s1 & its fruits4 ,?is assumes1 ( c\rse1 t dur+ ! c5turies !re has be5 a dep>ture f ?is /&>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! *ur* itself ! real object ( re=mation ,no re=mation s9ce apo/olic times has cov]$ all ?is gr\nd4 ,all ! re=mations tak5 toge!r fall f> %ort ( ?is /&>d4 ,!y h be5 re=mations only 9 "p1 ea* movem5t simply plac+ special emphasis on p>ticul> doctr9es1 or ord9ances1 or p]sonal exp]i5ces4 ,h5ce ! ne$ ( fur!r re=mation4 ,! pres5t movem5t embraces all ! tru? conta9$ 9 all ! previ\s re=mations ( ,prote/antism4 ,b x does n /op !re4 ,x /&s committ$ to all ! tru? ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x goes /raight to ! he>t ( ! re=mation subject & reveals ! pure1 holy1 univ]sal *ur* ( ! apo/olic times z made up ( all ^? :o 7 reg5]at$1 unit+ !m all ,,9 ,,*ri/2 9 ! *ur* ( ! liv+ ,god1 :i* *ur* 0 ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru? 7#a ,tim4 #c3ae72 ! *ur* t 0 grac$ ) ! gifts ( ! ,_s & fill$ ) holy p[]4 ,! true apo/olic *ur* has be5 l>gely lo/ to view s9ce ! e>ly ,*ri/ian c5turies1 :5 a g5]al apo/asy dimm$ ! light ( tru? & plung$ ! _w into ! d>kness ( papal night4 ,9 mod]n times ! t]m *ur* z appli$ to a g5]al body ( religi\s wor%ip]s is usually employ$ 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 specify+ "s p>ticul> organization1 z ! hi]>*y ( ,rome or ! aggregation ( local congregations con/itut+ a ,prote/ant sect4 ,by a natural reaction f ! ,romi% extreme1 :]e9 ! *ur* & *ur* relation%ip are exalt$ above ! p]sonal relation%ip ( ! individual ) 8 ,god1 _m tea*]s n[ incl9e to an opposite extreme1 :i* makes little ( ! *ur* z an in/itution1 sub/itut+ !re= a sort ( loyalty to ,*ri/1 individualism1 subv]sive ( true ,new ,te/am5t /&>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,! true *ur* ,scripturally important ,! *ur* is n to be exalt$ above ! ,*ri/1 nor is x a sub/itute = ! ,*ri/2 b 9 ! light ( ,new ,te/am5t tea*+ we mu/ reg>d ! true *ur* z ! in/rum5t--! div9ely appo9t$ in/rum5t us$ by ! ,holy ,_s 9 c>ry+ =w>d ! "w ( ,*ri/ on e>?4 ,jesus himself said1 ,^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x 7,matt4 #af3ah74 ,at a lat] "t we read1 ,& ! ,"l add$ to ! *ur* daily su* z %\ld be sav$ 7,acts #b3dg74 ,if ,paul 7 liv+ today1 he also might despise ! *ur* idea 9 its n>r[ sect>ian s5se4 ,b f ! apo/le's words1 x is v evid5t t he reg>d$ ! *ur* z x exi/$ 9 8 day z an in/itution cr[n$ ) glory & honor1 ! concrete expression ( ,*ri/ & 8 tru?4 ,god ha? set "s ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur*1 fir/ apo/les1 second>ily prophets1 ?irdly tea*]s1 aft] t miracles1 !n gifts ( heal+s1 helps1 gov]nm5ts1 div]sities ( tongues 7#a ,cor4 #ab3bh74 ,& he gave "s1 apo/les2 & "s1 prophets2 & "s1 evangeli/s2 & "s1 pa/ors & tea*]s2 = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! edify+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/2 till we all come 9 ! unity ( ! fai? 444 t we 444 may gr[ up into him 9 all ?+s1 :i* is ! head1 ( ! body1 ! *ur*1 ,col4 #a3ah ev5 ,*ri/ 7,eph4 #d3aa-ae74 ,sid5ote3 ,! *ur* z a div9e in/itution ,inasmu* z ,god set 9 ! *ur* apo/les1 prophets1 evangeli/s1 gifts ( miracles1 ( heal+s1 etc41 we mu/ reg>d ! *ur* z orig9ally in/itut$ z be+ m ?an a m]e aggregate ( individuals associat+ !mselves toge!r = p>ticul> purposes4 ,we mu/ recognize ! div9e elem5t4 ,?is company 0 ! ho/ ( r$eem$ ones :om ,*ri/ _h sav$1 9 :om he dwelt1 & ?r\gh :om he reveal$ ,god & accompli%$ 8 "w on e>?4 ,x 0 8 body--! organism to :i* he gave spiritual life & ?r\gh :i* he manife/$ ! fulness ( 8 p[] & glory4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ur* relation%ip vs4 individualism ,any re=mation t has n = its object ! full re/oration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur*1 c n be a complete re=mation1 b mu/ be succe$$ by ano!r4 ,9 ?is respect ! *ur* subject is fundam5tal & all-inclusive4 ,to emphasize a m]e p]sonal-union-)-,*ri/ !ory to ! disp>agem5t ( ! div9e ekklesia1 is to evade ! real issue4 ,jesus decl>$1 ,i w build my *ur*1 & t *ur* 0 an objective reality1 :i* 0 n int5d$ to be conceal$ "u high-s\nd+ !ological v]biage nor dissipat$ 9 glitt]+ g5]alities4 ,x is true t ,*ri/ himself mu/ be pres5t$ z ! gr\nd ( our hope & salvation & z ! object ( our p]sonal fai?1 love1 & devotion2 z ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life2 b we mu/ n =get t !re is also a revelation ( ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life 9 ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,! apo/les prea*$ ,*ri/ z ! div9e way2 b :5 m5 believ$ on him1 he /raightway set ! memb]s e "o ( !m 9 ! body--! *ur* 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ah74 ,& ! ,"l add$ to ! *ur* daily su* z %\ld be sav$ 7,acts #b3dg74 ,!y prea*$ ,*ri/ z ! p]sonification ( tru?4 ,b !y also taught t ! gospel 0 a special treasure committ$ to ! *ur* = disp5s+ to ! nations4 ,paul said t ,god ha? committ$ unto u ! ^w ( reconciliation 7#b ,cor4 #e3ai74 ,!re=e he c\ld repres5t ! *ur* ( ,god z ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?4 ,!y prea*$ him z life1 b he 0 also ! life ( ! collective body ( believ]s z well z ( individuals4 ,he dwelt 9 8 *ur*4 ,he 0 its life1 & ?r\gh x he manife/$ himself 9 ! only =m 9 :i*1 s9ce ! inc>nation1 he c be fully exhibit$ to m54 ,sid5ote3 ,avoid+ extremes ,! fact t ,romanism has /ress$ ! *ur* idea1 p>ad+ be=e ! _w z ! *ur* an organic body devoid ( true spiritual life1 a m]e corpse1 is no reason ju/ify+ a view :i*1 ignor+ ! practical *ur* relation%ip taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 talks glibly ( an e!real1 intangible1 gho/ly some?+ :i*1 )\t a body1 lacks all practical contact ) m54 ,! ,bible /&>d is ! prop] union ( s\l & body4 ,x is c]ta9 t1 z 9 apo/olic days1 su* union is necess>y to ! prop] exhibition ( ! div9e life & absolutely ess5tial to ! full accompli%m5t ( ! div9e purposes 9 ,*ri/'s great r$emptive plan4 ,*ri/1 ! life ( 8 spiritual body1 & ! life-giv]1 rema9s ! same 9 all ages4 ,h5ce ! *ur* body is ! "p t has be5 disrupt$ & corrupt$ by apo/asy & sect>ianism1 & is !re=e ! sph]e ( re=matory ef=t4 ,& :ile re=mation p]ta9s to hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 x implies1 z we h already %[n1 a return to ! primitive /&>d4 ,!re=e1 be=e proce$+ to describe p>ticul>ly ! pres5t re=mation1 we mu/ give att5tion to ! con/itution ( ! apo/olic *ur*1 ! div9e orig9al4 ,,"p ,i ,! ,*ur* 9 ,apo/olic ,days ,! ,la/ ,re=mation ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,*ur* ,,def9$ ,sid5ote3 ,! t]m *ur* ,! ^w *ur* z us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is1 9 mo/ cases1 d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w ekklesia4 ,! compon5t p>ts ( ?is ^w lit]ally mean to summon or call toge!r 9 public convocation4 ,x 01 !re=e1 us$ to designate any popul> assembly :i* met = ! transaction ( public bus9ess4 ,z an example ( ! secul> use ( ! t]m1 see ,acts #ai3 #cb1 #ci4 ,?is p>ticul> application ( ! ^w1 h[ev]1 does n "h conc]n u4 ,s9ce ! ^w ekklesia conveys ! idea ( an assembly ( call$ ones1 x expresses beautifully ! ,*ri/ian's call to *ur*ly association4 ,! div9e call ( believ]s is frequ5tly express$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 !y are call$ ) an holy call+ 7#b ,tim4 #a3i72 call$ 9 "o body 7,col4 #c3ae72 call$ unto 8 k+dom & glory 7#a ,!ss4 #b3ab72 or1 z ,pet] expresses x1 ,ye are a *os5 g5]ation1 a royal prie/hood1 an holy nation1 a peculi> p2 t ye %\ld %[ =? ! praises ( him :o ha? call$ y out ( d>kness into 8 m>vel\s light 7#a ,pet4 #b3i74 ,:ile ^! texts & _m o!rs describe ! exalt$ rights & privileges accord$ ! call$ ones1 !re is di/9ctly impli$ ! idea ( _! organic association1 & x 0 ?is association t con/itut$ !m ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,its two ,*ri/ian phases ,! *ur* ( ,god1 :i* he ha? pur*as$ ) 8 own blood 7,acts #bj3 #bh71 is ,cle>ly set =? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& ! t]m *ur* 9 its religi\s usage is giv5 two significations4 ,9 its l>ge/ & prim>y signification1 ! *ur* ( ,god is ! entire body ( reg5]at$ p]sons 9 all times & places1 & is 9 ?is respect id5tical ) ! spiritual k+dom ( ,god1 ! div9e family4 ,9 a second>y s5se1 *ur* designates an individual assembly 9 :i* ! univ]sal *ur* takes local & tempor>y =m & 9 :i* ! idea ( ! g5]al *ur* is concretely exhibit$4 ,besides ^! two significations ( ! ,*ri/ian t]m *ur*1 !re are1 prop]ly speak+1 no o!r 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is true t ekklesia is sometimes us$ z a collective t]m to d5ote ! body ( local *ur*es exi/+ 9 a giv5 region1 b !re is no evid5ce t ^! *ur*es 7 b\nd toge!r 9 gr\ps by any outw>d organization :i* sep>at$ or di/+ui%$ !m f o!r congregations ( ! g5]al *ur*4 ,!re=e ?is use ( ! t]m *ur* c n be reg>d$ z add+ any new s5se to ^? ( ! g5]al *ur* & ! local *ur* already ref]r$ to4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,*ur* ,matt4 #af3ah introduces 9 ! gospel hi/ory ! subject ( ! *ur*4 ,jesus said1 ,i w build my *ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,?is text implies t ! *ur* z an in/itution 0 n yet f\nd$1 & x also cle>ly implies t ,*ri/ himself 0 to be ! f\nd] & build] ( 8 *ur*4 ,jesus _h already prea*$ t ! k+dom ( heav5 0 at h&1 & :5 he s5t =? 8 twelve apo/les he comm&$ !m to prea* & say1 ,! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,jesus himself taught ! doctr9es ( ! k+dom1 b 9 ! words ( our text !re is impli$ deep] ideas ( ! k+dom ( ,god yet to be reveal$ 9 all _! fulness ( mean+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ ,we %\ld dive/ our m9ds1 tempor>ily at lea/1 ( preconceiv$ ideas ( =mal *ur* organization & e>ne/ly seek to und]/& ! real signification ( t *ur* ( :i* ,*ri/ 0 himself p]sonally ! f\nd]4 ,a few texts make ?is po9t cle>3 ,& ha? put all ?+s "u 8 ,*ri/'s feet1 & giv5 him to be ! head ov] all ?+s to ! *ur*1 :i* is 8 body1 ! fulness ( him t fille? all 9 all 7,eph4 #a3 #bb1 #bc74 ,! *ur*1 !n1 is ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,( ?is body ,jesus himself is ! head4 ,& he is ! head ( ! body1 ! *ur* 444 t 9 all ?+s he might h ! preem95ce 7,col4 #a3ah74 ,= 8 body's sake1 :i* is ! *ur* 7v]se #bd74 ,*ri/ is head ( b "o body4 ,!re is "o body 7,eph4 #d3d74 ,9 ^! texts ! body & ! *ur* are us$ int]*angeably1 ref]r+ to "o & ! same ?+4 ,! body ( :i* ,*ri/ is ! head is ! *ur* t he built1 ! *ur* ( ,god1 :i* he ha? pur*as$ ) 8 own blood 7,acts #bj3 #bh74 ,sid5ote3 ,! atonem5t its procur+ cause ,x is !re=e to ,calv>y t we mu/ look = ! specific act by virtue ( :i* ,*ri/ p]sonally became ! f\nd] ( 8 *ur*4 ,!re x 0 pur*as$ ) 8 own blood4 ,!re we f9d ! application ( ^? sublime words ( ! ,savior1 ,& ,i1 if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 w draw all m5 ,,unto ,,me 7,john #ab3 #cb74 ,by virtue ( t act1 ,god put all ?+s "u 8 feet1 & gave him to be ! head ov] all ?+s to ! *ur*4 ,yea1 by virtue ( t act1 ,god also ha? highly exalt$ him1 & giv5 him a "n :i* is above e "n3 t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee %\ld b[1444 & t e tongue %\ld confess 7,phil4 #b3i-aa74 ,! *ur*1 !n1 proce$s f ,calv>y3 ,p5teco/ 0 b its initial manife/ation to m5 & its d$ication = s]vice4 ,( ?is we %all h m to say h]eaft]4 ,sid5ote3 ,compos$ ( true ,*ri/ians ,s9ce ?r\gh 8 dea? ,*ri/ propos$ to draw all m5 unto him1 x is evid5t t all ! memb]s ( ,*ri/ are !re=e memb]s ( 8 body1 ! *ur*4 ,to ?is agrees ! words ( ! apo/le ,paul1 ,= z we h _m memb]s 9 "o body1 & all memb]s h n ! same (fice3 s we true ,*ri/ians1 be+ _m1 are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & e "o memb]s "o ( ano!r 7,rom4 #ab3 #d1 #e74 ,n[ ha? ,god set ! memb]s e "o ( !m 9 ! body1 z x ha? pleas$ him 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ah74 ,sid5ote3 ,mode ( admission ,becom+ a memb] ( ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/ is necess>ily a spiritual op]ation4 ,m5 may admit memb]s to a =mal *ur* relation%ip1 b only ! ,_s ( ,god c make u memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,= by "o ,_s are we all baptiz$ or induct$ into "o body1 :e!r we be ,jews or ,g5tiles1 :e!r we be bond or free2 & h be5 all made to dr9k into "o ,_s 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ac74 ,?is text does n ref] to lit]al wat]-baptism1 b to ! "w ( ! ,_s1 by :om we are induct$ into ,*ri/4 ,god ha? set ! memb]s e "o ( !m 9 ! body 7v]se #ah74 ,& s9ce ?is is ! "w ( ! ,_s1 x is evid5t t none b ! sav$ c possibly f9d admittance into ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/4 ,"u a diff]5t figure ,jesus conveys ! same tru?4 ,i am ! door3 by me if any man ent] 91 he %all be sav$ 7,john #aj3 #i74 ,& ! ,"l add$ to !m day by day ^? t 7 be+ sav$ 7,acts #b3dg1 ,r4,v474 ,salvation1 !n1 is ! condition ( memb]%ip4 ,sid5ote3 ,family relation%ip ,! memb]s ( ,*ri/ are memb]s ( ,god's family4 ,h[ d we become memb]s ( ! div9e family8 ,except a man be born aga91 he c n see ! k+dom ( ,god 7,john #c3c74 ,z _m z receiv$ him1 to !m gave he p[] to become ! sons ( ,god 444 :i* 7 born 444 ( ,god 7,john #a3ab1 #ac74 ,belov$1 n[ are we ! sons ( ,god 7#a ,john #c3b74 ,s9ce ?is family1 or *ur*1 is compos$ ( ! sav$1 or ^? :o are born aga91 & excludes all ! unsav$1 we c und]/& ,paul's ref]5ce to a glori\s *ur*1 n hav+ spot1 or wr9kle1 or any su* ?+1 b holy & )\t blemi% 7,eph4 #e3bg74 ,we h spok5 ( ! union ( all believ]s ) ,*ri/ :5 he draws !m unto himself & becomes _! spiritual life4 ,b ?is unity ( all believ]s ) ,*ri/ is a spiritual relation%ip & exp]i5ce n to be confus$ ) ext]nal ?+s4 ,! ,bible speaks ( ,*ri/ians z be+ 9 ,*ri/4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,x c]ta9ly means to be born aga91 = )\t t exp]i5ce we c n see ! k+dom ( ,god 7,john #c3c74 ,!re=e if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 ,,he ,,is ,a ,,new ,,creature3 old ?+s are pass$ away2 behold1 all ?+s are become new 7#b ,cor4 #e3ag74 ,:osoev] abide? 9 him s9ne? n3 :osoev] s9ne? ha? n se5 him1 nei!r kn[n him 7#a ,john #c3f74 ,sid5ote3 ,unity ( believ]s ,b our union ) ,*ri/1 by :i* we become memb]s ( ! div9e family1 necess>ily fixes our relation%ip ) all ^? :o are memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,if1 ?r\gh salvation1 we are br\ght into a sacr$ unity ) ,*ri/1 we are by ! same act br\ght into ess5tial unity & fell[%ip ) ! memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,?is ! ,^w di/9ctly affirms3 ,we1 be+ _m1 are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & e "o memb]s "o ( ano!r 7,rom4 #ab3 #d1 #e74 ,!re %\ld be no s*ism 9 ! body2 b ! memb]s %\ld h ! same c>e "o = ano!r 7#a ,cor4 #ab3be74 ,:ile ?is la/ text relates lit]ally to ! physical body1 ! apo/le applies x 9 an illu/rative way to ! spiritual body4 ,n[ ye are ! body ( ,*ri/1 & memb]s 9 p>ticul> 7v]se #bg74 ,sid5ote3 ,unity & uni=mity ,h>mony 9 a normal physical body is n effect$ by ext]nal means1 b is organic4 ,! memb]s may be _m & div]se1 b !y are all necess>y & h _! respective places & "w4 ,s also ) ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,union ) ,*ri/ is n dep5d5t ^u absolute uni=mity except 9 ! "o ?+--! fundam5tal exp]i5ce by :i* we are made memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! apo/olic p]iod ! *ildr5 ( ,god :o lov$ our ,"l & 7 kn[n ( him 7 n all ( "o age or size or nationality4 ,!y _h n all enjoy$ ! same social advantages1 nor _h !y _h ! same intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,! act ( receiv+ ,*ri/ & 8 salvation did n p]fect _! k2 !re=e !y _h to be pati5tly taught 9 ord] to br+ !m into ! unity ( ! fai?4 ,& = ?is purpose div9ely *os5 in/ructors 7 appo9t$1 :o mu/ !mselves /udy & give c>eful att5tion to doctr9e 7,eph4 #d3aa-ad2 #a ,tim4 #c3ac-af74 ,b ! gospel p5etrates b5ea? ! surface2 x goes /raight to ! he>t & rea*es fundam5tal ?+s4 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek2 !re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female3 = ye are all "o ,,9 ,,*ri/ ,,jesus 7,gal4 #c3bh74 ,! unity ( believ]s ) ,*ri/ is1 !re=e1 bas$ on div9e relation%ip1 & ?is is ! fundam5tal basis ( ! true relation%ip ( believ]s ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ord] to ma9ta9 spiritual relation%ip ) ,*ri/ & 8 p1 ! ,*ri/ian mu/ h an ob$i5t he>t & walk 9 ! light ( ! ,"l2 b we %\ld always be ready to ext5d our fell[%ip to ^? :om ,*ri/ really receives & approves4 ,h[ prone m5 h ev] be5 to ignore ?is simple1 div9e /&>d & set up arbitr>y rules ( _! own by :i* to measure o!rs6 ,?is wrong t5d5cy comb9$ ) ! c>nal ambitions ( m5 :o love to p>ade _! own unscriptural ideas be=e ! _w & ga9 adh]5ts has be5 ! real cause ( ! disunion ( ,*ri/ians4 ,b ! ,bible /&>d is :at we are n[ consid]+4 ,x tea*es t ! sav$ p 7 memb]s "o ( ano!r z well z memb]s ( ,*ri/2 t !y 71 9 fact1 all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,sid5ote3 ,unity a practical reality ,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t /&>d1 unity ( believ]s is m ?an an invisible1 intangible1 spiritual fell[%ip4 ,!y are memb]s "o ( ano!r z well z memb]s ( ,*ri/4 ,t unity 0 design$ to be visible & to =m a conv9c+ sign to ! _w ( ! mighty p[] ( ,*ri/4 ,?is /&s out prom95tly 9 t notable pray] ( our ,"l record$ 9 ,john #ag1 :i* 0 utt]$ on ! mo/ solemn night ( 8 e>?ly life4 ,fir/ he pray$ = 8 imm$iate disciples1 !n = all believ]s1 9 ^! words3 ,nei!r pray ,i = ^! twelve alone1 b = !m also :i* %all believe on me ?r\gh _! ^w2 ,,t ,,!y ,,all ,,may ,,be ,,"o2 z ?\1 ,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e1 t !y also may be "o 9 u3 ,,t ,,! ,,_w ,,may ,,believe t ?\ ha/ s5t me 7v]ses #bj1 #ba74 ,su* unity is a real /&>d4 ,x w conv9ce ! _w4 ,! practical =ce ( ?is la/ scripture c n be less5$ by ref]5ce to ^? o!r words ( ,jesus1 ,by ?is %all all m5 "k t ye are my disciples1 if ye h love "o = ano!r 7,john #ac3 #ce71 = ,jesus taught ! insep>able nature ( love & unity4 ,love1 z an inw>d affection1 produces de$s & results1 & is measur$ !reby4 ,jesus said1 ,if a man love me1 he w keep my words2 & my ,fa!r w love him1 & we w come unto him1 & make our abode ) him 7,john #ad3 #bc74 ,& j z love to ,god inv>iably produces union ) ,god1 s also true love to man w result 9 unity4 ,my little *ildr51 let u n love 9 ^w1 nei!r 9 tongue2 b 9 de$ & 9 tru? 7#a ,john #c3ah74 ,c>nal divisions c n exi/ :]e true love reigns4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ di$ = unity ,= ?is visible unity ,*ri/ pray$--,t !y all may be "o1444 t ! _w may believe4 ,m ?an ?is1 he di$ t unity might be effect$4 ,john #aa3eb cle>ly %[s t "o purpose ( ,*ri/'s dea? 0 t he %\ld ga!r toge!r 9 "o ! *ildr5 ( ,god t 7 scatt]$ abroad4 ,!re=e unity ( believ]s is a sacr$ tru? re/+ on ! solid basis ( ! atonem5t4 ,t ?is unity is m ?an t g5]al union result+ f ! p]sonal atta*m5t ( sep>ate individuals to ,*ri/ z a common c5t]1 is prov$ by ! fact t x is design$ to ga!r toge!r 9 "o ! scatt]$ *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,jesus himself said1 ,o!r %eep ,i h ,g5tiles1 :i* are n ( ?is ,jewi% fold3 !m also ,i mu/ br+1 & !y %all he> my voice2 & ,,!re ,,%all ,,be ,,"o ,,fold flock ,,& ,,"o ,,%eph]d 7,john #aj3af74 ,sid5ote3 ,jew & ,g5tile unit$ ,broadly speak+1 !re 7 at t "t b two classifi$ divisions ( m5--,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,jesus pr$ict$ t 8 %eep f bo? sections %\ld be br\ght toge!r into "o flock4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ,ephesians1 ,paul tells u h[ ?is 0 accompli%$4 ,al?\gh 9 times pa/ ! ,g5tiles 7 /rang]s f ! cov5ants ( promise1 hav+ no hope & )\t ,god 9 ! _w1 9 ,*ri/ !y 7 made nigh by ! blood4 ,= he is our peace1 :o ha? made bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles ,,"o1 & ha? brok5 d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition betwe5 u 444 t he might reconcile bo? unto ,god 9 "o body by ! cross 7v]ses #ab-af74 ,s9ce ?is glori\s reunion ?r\gh ,*ri/1 ! ,g5tiles are no m /rang]s & =eign]s1 b fell[ citiz5s ) ! sa9ts1 & ( ! h\sehold ( ,god4 ,!y also are built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets1 ,jesus ,*ri/ himself be+ ! *ief corn]-/one 444 9 :om ye also are build$ toge!r = an habitation ( ,god ?r\gh ! ,_s 7v]ses #ai-bb74 ,on acc\nt ( ! high /&>d ( unity set =? 9 8 epi/les1 ,paul has be5 br&$ an ideali/4 ,b :at %all we say ( ,*ri/ :o pray$ = su* visible unity & di$ = x8 ,an ideali/ is "o :o =ms picturesque fancies1 "o giv5 to romantic expectations impossible ( accompli%m5t4 ,! ideali/ usually has b few practical results4 ,b ,paul accompli%$ ?+s4 ,he broke away f 8 ,jewi% prejudices1 :i* br\ght d[n ^u 8 head ! wra? ( 8 fell[s4 ,he w5t into ! synagogs ( ! ,jews & br\ght out ^? :o 7 will+ to become disciples ( ,jesus4 ,to build up ! "w ( ! ,"l he labor$ night & day ) te>s2 he laid broad & deep ! v f\ndations ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 hea!n l&s4 ,)9 a v few ye>s he e/abli%$ ,*ri/ian *ur*es 9 f\r prov9ces ( ! ,roman ,empire--*ur*es 9 :i* ,jew & ,g5tile met toge!r 9 common fell[%ip1 9 "o body4 ,if ?is is idealism1 ,"l1 give u _m m su* ideali/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! burd5 ( ,paul's m9i/ry ,b ! unity describ$ by ,paul 9 ! epi/les :i* he wrote late 9 life is n giv5 z a m]e ideal /&>d = ! future t[>d :i* m5 %\ld /rive4 ,x is giv5 z ! record ( a hi/oric fact1 ! accompli%m5t ( :i* lay at ! v f\ndation ( ,paul's call to ! m9i/ry4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ,ephesians1 already quot$1 ,paul decl>es t bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 reconcil$ to ,god 9 "o body by ! cross4 ,9 ! next *apt] he %[s 8 "p 9 ! accompli%m5t ( t end4 ,fir/1 he 0 call$ ( ,god z ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles2 !n by revelation 0 made kn[n unto him ! my/]y ( ,*ri/ :i* 9 o!r ages 0 n made kn[n unto ! sons ( m5 444 t ! ,g5tiles %\ld be fell[ heirs1 & ,,( ,,! ,,same ,,body1 & p>tak]s ( 8 promise 9 ,*ri/ by ! gospel 7,eph4 #c3d-f74 ,! promise ref]r$ to 0 d\btless ! promise ( ! ,fa!r1 ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,t ! bless+ ( ,abraham might come on ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/2 t we might receive ! promise ( ! ,_s ?r\gh fai? 7,gal4 #c3ad74 ,= ?is cause1 says ,paul1 ,i 0 made a m9i/] 444 t ,i %\ld prea* among ! ,g5tiles ! unse>*able ri*es ( ,*ri/2 & to make all m5 see :at is ! fell[%ip ( ! my/]y 444 to ! int5t t n[ unto ! pr9cipalities & p[]s 9 heav5ly places might be kn[n ,,by ,,! ,,*ur* ! manifold wisdom ( ,god 7,eph4 #c3 #a-aj74 ,sid5ote3 ,0 div9ely atte/$ ,paul 0 giv5 a trem5d\s task--,,to ,,make ,,all ,,m5 ,,see t my/]y4 ,?is task requir$ f ,god ! effectual work+ ( 8 p[] 7v]se #g74 ,& 9 ano!r place he also %[s t ?is p[] 0 n lack+3 ,= ,i w n d>e to speak ( any ( ^? ?+s :i* ,*ri/ ha? n wr\ght by me1 to make ! ,g5tiles ob$i5t1 by ^w & de$1 ?r\gh mighty signs & wond]s1 by ! p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god 7,rom4 #ae3 #ah1 #ai74 ,paul1 !n1 0 div9ely commission$ to make all m5 see ! my/]y ( ?is union ( all classes ( m5 9 "o body by ! cross 7,eph4 #b3 #af71 all 9 ! ,,same body1 & p>tak]s ( 8 promise 9 ,*ri/ by ! gospel 7,eph4 #c3 #f74 ,& :5 ,paul's c>e] 0 f9i%$1 ! same my/]y 0 giv5 ov] to o!rs t x might be kn[n ,,by ,,! ,,*ur* 7v]se #aj71 ! *ur*1 :i* is 8 body 7,eph4 #a3 #bb1 #bc74 ,! m9i/ry1 !n1 %\ld h held ! gr\nd already atta9$1 ! actual union ( all ! sav$ 9 "o body1 & h labor$ e>ne/ly to make all m5 see t t body only is ! *ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,local ,,*ur* ,! words ( ,*ri/1 ,i w build my *ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x 7,matt4 #af3 #ah71 convey a deep] mean+ ?an ! simple prea*+ ( ! k+dom4 ,z we h already %[n1 ! "o specific p]sonal act by virtue ( :i* ,*ri/ became ! f\nd] ( ! *ur* 0 8 atonem5t on ,calv>y1 :]e ! *ur* 0 pur*as$ ) 8 own blood 7,acts #bj3 #bh74 ,! *ur*1 !n1 z an in/itution1 result$ f ! atonem5t4 ,paul1 describ+ ! union ( ,jews & ,g5tiles 9 "o body1 ! *ur*1 decl>es t x 0 effect$ by ! cross 7,eph4 #b3 #af74 ,!re 0 p[] 9 r$emption4 ,x br\ght into ! lives ( believ]s =ces t c\ld n b unite !m 9 social compact4 ,x ?rew !m toge!r 9 liv+ sympa?y & unit$ _! he>ts firmly 9 ! /rong bonds ( bro!rly love4 ,_! outw>d organic union z a *ur* 0 ! natural & inevitable result ( ?is inw>d life & love4 ,sid5ote3 ,local *ur* def9$ ,by ! imp>tation ( spiritual life to believ]s & by ! ag5cy ( ! ,holy ,_s op]at+ 9 ! apo/les z special ag5ts appo9t$ to d 8 "w1 ,*ri/ built 8 *ur* on e>?4 ,!re 0 a build+ ( ! *ur*1 !n1 :i* p]ta9$ specifically to its local & visible developm5t among m54 ,! expression ,i w build indicates ! transc5d5t elem5t1 ! div9e elem5t1 9 *ur* organization4 ,?is be+ true1 x foll[s t ! local *ur* 0 n m]ely an aggregate ( individuals accid5tly ga!r$ toge!r1 b 0 ! local1 concrete embodim5t ( ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/2 ! unifi$ company ( reg5]at$ p]sons :o1 z a body1 7 d$icat$ to ,*ri/1 ackn[l$g$ ( ,*ri/1 & us$ by ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s = ! accompli%m5t ( 8 "w4 ,j]usalem furni%es ! fir/ example1 dat+ f ,p5teco/ 7,acts #b74 ,sid5ote3 ,p>ticul> example3 ,cor9? ,t ?is is1 g5]ally speak+1 ! ,scriptural def9ition ( a local *ur* ( ,god1 is fur!r %[n by ano!r p>ticul> example4 ,paul address$ two ( 8 epi/les to ! *ur* ( ,god :i* is at ,cor9? 7#a ,cor4 #a3 #b2 #b ,cor4 #a3 #a74 ,z individuals !y are call$ sa9ts & bre?r51 b collectively z a *ur* !y are call$ ! *ur* ( ,god & ref]r$ to z ,god's build+ 7#a ,cor4 #c3 #i74 ,& ! apo/le says to !m1 ,"k ye n t ye are a temple ( ,god1 & t ! ,_s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y8 7v]se #af1 ,r4,v474 ,!y _h be5 induct$ by ! ,_s into ! "o body1 & !y 7 fill$ ) ! gifts ( ! ,_s--wisdom1 k1 fai?1 heal+1 miracles1 prophecy1 disc]nm5t1 & tongues 7*ap4 #ab74 ,9 fact1 ! apo/le said1 ,ye come beh9d 9 no gift 7*ap4 #a3 #g74 ,& he said p>ticul>ly1 ,ye are ! body ( ,*ri/ 7*ap4 #ab3 #bg74 ,a true local *ur*1 !n1 0 ! concrete embodim5t ( ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/ 9 a giv5 place4 ,x 0 ! body ( ,*ri/ because x 0 made up ( ! p ( ,god1 manife/$ ! p[] ( ,god1 0 ! repository ( ! tru? ( ,god1 0 fill$ ) ! gifts ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 & 0 actually us$ by ! ,_s 9 p]=m+ ! works ( ,god4 ,su* *>act]i/ics made x ! *ur* ( ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,local memb]%ip ,memb]%ip 9 ! g5]al body ( ,*ri/ 0 condition$ solely on ! new bir?1 or salvation4 ,s9ce ! individual *ur* 0 ! local embodim5t ( ! g5]al *ur*1 none b ! sav$ c\ld prop]ly become memb]s !re(1 & all :o 7 truly sav$ 79 ! same locality7 belong$ to x by div9e "r4 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 ! human elem5t 9 ! con/itution ( ! local *ur* became manife/4 ,we h po9t$ out ! div9e elem5t 9 ! true *ur*--! elem5t t p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ x z ! *ur* ( ,god1 b ! br++ toge!r ( _m individuals 9 "o assembly involv$ also a social elem5t & requir$ ! pr9ciple ( recognition4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no evid5ce t su* recognition 0 giv5 by a =mal1 (ficial act ( ! *ur* 9 its corporate capacity4 ,& s9ce salvation is ( ! he>t1 x 0 possible = human recognition to tempor>ily miss its true purpose4 ,?us1 9 ! *ur* at ,j]usalem we f9d recogniz$ z a con/itu5t "p ( ! assembly two false memb]s--,ananias & ,sapphira4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! conv]t$ ,saul 0 come to ,j]usalem1 he essay$ to jo9 himself to ! disciples3 b !y 7 all afraid ( him1 & believ$ n t he 0 a disciple 7,acts #i3 #bf74 ,! *ur* at ,cor9?1 already ref]r$ to1 _h "s false memb]s at ! "t ! ,paul9e epi/les 7 writt54 ,! *ur* at ,sam>ia also tol]at$ = a "t "o ^: he>t 0 n "r 9 ! sight ( ,god 7,acts #h74 ,sid5ote3 ,a holy *ur* ,s9ce ! local *ur* 0 design$ to exhibit concretely ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/1 none b sav$ p]sons c\ld prop]ly hold memb]%ip !re92 !re=e ! local *ur* :5 9 its normal condition 0 free f s9 & s9n]s4 ,! physical body1 :i* ,paul uses to illu/rate ! spiritual body1 is normal only :5 e memb] possesses ! life ( ! body & functions prop]ly4 ,s also 0 ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 n ,god's w t !re %\ld be 7z recogniz$ memb]s7 s9n]s 9 ! congregation ( ! righte\s 7,psa4 #a3 #e74 ,x 0 8 w to purge ,j]usalem by ! _s ( judgm5t & by ! _s ( burn+ until he t is left 9 ,zion1 & he t rema9e? 9 ,j]usalem1 %all be call$ holy1 ev5 e "o t is writt5 among ! liv+ 9 ,j]usalem 7,isa4 #d3c1d74 ,sid5ote3 ,disc]nm5t & judgem5t necess>y ,! local congregation 9 ,j]usalem did n cease to be ! *ur* ( ,god because two unwor?y p]sons obta9$ recognition 9 x4 ,?is incid5t gave occasion = ! *ur* to manife/ its inh]5t life by its ability to disc]n & !n ca/ (f ! secret (f5d]s j z a heal?y physical body ca/s (f effete matt]4 ,z a result ( ! judgm5t pron\nc$ on ,ananias & ,sapphira1 great fe> came ^u all ! *ur* 444 & ( ! re/ dur/ no man jo9 himself to !m2 b ! p magnifi$ !m 7,acts #e3aa1 #ac74 ,! fi]y judgm5ts ( ,god put an end to =mal *ur*-jo9+ !re1 z a result ( :i* believ]s 7 ! m add$ to ! ,"l1 multitudes bo? ( m5 & wom5 7v]se #ad74 ,& ! ,"l add$ to !m day by day ^? t 7 be+ sav$ 7,acts #b3dg1 ,r4,v474 ,a clean1 pure local *ur* 0 ! div9e /&>d4 ,x is evid5t t su* c\ld nev] be obta9$ & ma9ta9$ except by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :o disc]n$ evil & prompt$ its elim9ation4 ,pet] disc]n$ ! condition ( ! two false memb]s 9 ! *ur* at ,j]usalem & remov$ t blemi%4 ,he also expos$ ! hypocrisy ( ,simon at ,sam>ia1 & ,paul po9t$ out ! evil affection 9 ! *ur* at ,cor9? & direct$ its removal4 ,*ief responsibility = ! ma9t5ance ( ! normal condition ( ! *ur* w be consid]$ 9 our discussion ( ! p>ticul> features ( *ur* organization & gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,apo/asy possible ,we h %[n ! *>act]i/ic1 spiritual features ( a ,new ,te/am5t congregation 9 its normal condition2 also ! possibility ( deviation f t /&>d4 ,a practical "q is1 ,h[ f> c\ld su* a congregation lapse into an abnormal /ate & /ill be a *ur* ( ,god8 ,or1 ,c a *ur* z a body backslide8 ,! *ur* at ,ephesus evid5tly 0 on ! v]ge ( su* an apo/asy4 ,!re=e 9 ! special message address$ to x 9 ,revelation ! ,"l said3 ,i h some:at aga9/ !e1 because ?\ ha/ left ?y fir/ love4 ,rememb] !re=e f :5ce ?\ art fall51 & rep5t1 & d ! fir/ works2 or else ,i w come unto !e quickly1 & w remove ?y c&le/ick out ( 8 place 7,rev4 #b3 #d1 #e74 ,s also ! *ur* at ,laodicea4 ,i "k ?y works1 t ?\ art nei!r cold nor hot3 ,i w\ld ?\ w]t cold or hot4 ,s !n because ?\ art luke w>m1 & nei!r cold nor hot1 ,i w spew !e out ( my m\? 7,rev4 #c3 #ae1 #af74 ,sid5ote3 ,! l9e ( di/9ction ,! physical body may exp]i5ce ! mutilation ( "s ( its memb]s & /ill survive1 b !re is a limit beyond :i* dea? w ensue4 ,s also ! spiritual body may survive ! encumbrance ( a few false memb]s4 ,f ! g5]al facts & pr9ciples already adduc$1 h[ev]1 we may safely ass]t t a local *ur* is a *ur* ( ,god only s long z x is able to function prop]ly z a body4 ,z long z ! ,_s ( ,god is 9 ! asc5d5cy1 s t ! p ( ,god z a body manife/ ! p[] ( ,god1 ma9ta9 ! tru? ( ,god1 are fill$ ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 & are actually us$ by ! ,_s 9 p]=m+ ! works ( ,god1 s long !y are ! *ur* ( ,god4 ,:5ev] ano!r _s ga9s ! asc5d5cy & ! div9e1 spiritual *>act]i/ics are lo/ to view1 !n is br\ght to pass ! say+ t is writt51 ,i w spew !e out ( my m\?4 ,beyond t "t !y may cont9ue _! =mal s]vices1 s++ hymns1 say+ pray]s1 & mak+ spee*es2 b ! real message ( ,god describ+ _! condition is1 z 0 true ( ,s>dis1 ,?\ ha/ a "n t ?\ live/1 & art dead 7,rev4 #c3 #a74 ,su* dead congregations are no long] a "p ( ! true *ur* & are unwor?y ( ! recognition ( spiritual congregations4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,organization ,,& ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,sid5ote3 ,! fact ( organization ,we h already %[n t ! words ( ,*ri/ ,i w build my *ur* h a deep] mean+ ?an ! simple prea*+ ( ! k+dom4 ,!y imply ! =mation ( an organiz$ /ructure aga9/ :i* ev5 ! gates ( hell %\ld n prevail4 ,!y c signify no?+ less ?an ! visible e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur* among m5 z ! concrete embodim5t ( ! div9e k+dom or family4 ,! *ur*1 !n1 z made up ( local congregations1 is an in/itution ( div9e appo9tm5t4 ,?is is %[n by ! words ( ,*ri/ 9 ,matt4 #ah3 #ag1 accord+ to :i* x sometimes becomes necess>y 9 admoni%+ & discipl9+ trespass]s to tell x unto ! *ur*2 & ! appellation *ur* ( ,god is frequ5tly appli$ to individual congregations 7#a ,cor4 #a3 #b1 et al474 ,_m tea*]s hold t ,*ri/ did n build a *ur* & t ! =m ( *ur* organization is n def9itely prescrib$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b is a matt] ( exp$i5cy1 e body ( believ]s be+ p]mitt$ to adopt t me?od ( organization :i* be/ suits its circum/ances & condition4 ,su* is ! ,prote/ant view put =? by ^? :o seek an excuse = ! mod]n sy/em ( sect-build+4 ,! incorrectness ( ?is !ory is easily %[n4 ,fir/1 z we %all see1 x und]e/imates ! ne$ ( div9e direction 9 *ur* relation%ip & ignores well-e/abli%$ facts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,secondly1 if x proves any?+1 x proves too mu*2 = to admit su* a pr9ciple ( *ur* p[]s is to admit t ! papacy & e o!r human sy/em ( *ur* control is ju/ifi$--sy/ems :i* c be hi/orically %[n to be subv]sive ( ! *ur* z a spiritual body4 ,t ! *ur* 0 actually organiz$ into local assemblies 9 apo/olic days is abundantly %[n by ! ,new ,te/am5t record4 ,!y _h regul> meet+s at /at$ times 7,heb4 #aj3be2 ,acts #bj3g2 ,i ,cor4 #af3ab72 (fic]s 7,acts #bj3bh2 #a ,pet4 #e3b2 ,eph4 #d3aa1 #ab72 recogniz$ au?ority 7#a ,tim4 #e3ag2 ,heb4 #ac3ag72 discipl9e 7#a ,cor4 #e3ac2 #b ,!ss4 #c3f1 #aj-ad72 a sy/em ( contributions 7#a ,cor4 #af3a1 #b72 ord9ances 7,acts #bj3g2 #a ,cor4 #aj3af2 #aa3 #bc-bi72 a common "w1 etc4 ,on "o occasion ,paul in/ruct$ ,titus to set 9 ord] ! ?+s t are want+1 & orda9 eld]s 9 e city 7,tit4 #a3e74 ,sid5ote3 ,by :om effect$ ,! words ( ,jesus ,i w build my *ur* po9t u to ! ,*ri/ z its real f\nd]4 ,s9ce ! life & g5ius ( ! *ur* is ! sup]human elem5t1 :i* elem5t mu/ at all times be giv5 prec$5ce ov] m]e outw>d =ms & human *>act]i/ics1 & s9ce ?is life proce$s f ,*ri/ z ! ,r$eem] ( m51 !re=e 9 all fundam5tal aspects he is ! p]sonal f\nd] ( ! *ur*4 ,b m ?an ?is1 work+ by proxy1 ,jesus gave ev5 ext]nal =m to 8 *ur*1 employ+ = ?is purpose 8 *os5 apo/les1 to :om he gave special in/ruction & au?ority4 ,ev5 dur+ 8 p]sonal m9i/ry ,jesus p]=m$ "s ( 8 "w by proxy4 ,x is expressly /at$ t he baptiz$ _m 7,john #c3 #bb2 #d3 #a71 & yet explanation is made t ,jesus himself baptiz$ n1 b 8 disciples 7,john #d3 #b74 ,s also 9 ! organization ( ! *ur*4 ,! g]m ( t organization exi/$ dur+ ,*ri/'s p]sonal m9i/ry4 ,doctr9e 0 giv51 m9i/]s prea*$1 baptism 0 adm9i/]$1 & p believ$1 b ?is embryonic organization c\ld n be completely e/abli%$ z a *ur* be=e ! outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,!re=e provision 0 made = its progressive developm5t "u ! tutelage ( specially inspir$ apo/les4 ,doctr9e 0 giv5 gradually1 yet inv>iably ?r\gh ! oral & writt5 tea*+ ( ^! inspir$ apo/les4 ,!re=e we c n b believe t ! same inv>iable guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s also p]fect$ ?r\gh !m ,god's own plan ( *ur* organization & "w4 ,! gradual developm5t ( *ur* organization "u ! labors ( ! apo/les1 !re=e1 no m proves ! !ory ( a con/ant hi/oric developm5t ?an does ! fact ( a gradual unfold+ ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? & doctr9e by ! apo/les prove a con/ant & un5d+ revelation ( ! gospel ?r\gh all succe$+ ages4 ,"o writ] has well said1 ,! same promise ( ! ,_s :i* r5d]s ! ,new ,te/am5t an un]r+ & suffici5t rule ( fai? r5d]s x also an un]r+ & suffici5t rule ( practise = ! *ur* 9 all places & times4 ,we mu/ !re=e reg>d ! organization ( ! *ur*1 z we d ! unfold+ ( ! gospel message1 z complete 9 all its fundam5tal & ess5tial aspects be=e ! close ( ! sacr$ canon4 ,sid5ote3 ,apo/olic ag5cy ,!re is no d\bt t ! apo/les occupi$ a special place 9 ! div9e e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur* & its message4 ,reg>d$ z a temple1 ! *ur* is built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets1 ,jesus ,*ri/ himself be+ ! *ief corn]-/one 7,eph4 #b3 #bj74 ,! ,old ,te/am5t ,scripture came n 9 old "t by ! w ( man3 b holy m5 ( ,god spake z !y 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ 7#b ,pet4 #a3 #ba74 ,b n[ we read1 ,god1 :o at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s spake 9 "t pa/ unto ! fa!rs by ! prophets1 ha? 9 ^! la/ days spok5 unto u ,,by ,,8 ,,son 7,heb4 #a3 #a1 #b74 ,moses1 repres5tative ( ! law1 & ,elias1 repres5tative ( ! prophets1 appe>$ 9 glory on ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration2 b :5 ,pet] sugge/$ t !y be accord$ equal honors ) ,jesus1 imm$iately a cl\d ov]%ad[$ ! company & a voice out ( ! cl\d said1 ,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$2 ,,he> ,,ye ,,him4 ,& :5 !y _h lift$ up _! eyes1 !y saw no man1 save ,jesus only 7,matt4 #ag3a-h74 ,sid5ote3 ,model = all ages ,! revelation ( div9e tru?1 !re=e1 z ! f\ndation ( our fai?1 rea*$ its highe/ level 9 ! ,son4 ,we ne$ n look = ano!r gospel--he> him4 ,he has also said1 ,i w build my *ur*2 h5ce we ne$ n look = ano!r *ur*--,,he> ,,him6 ,paul decl>es t ! gospel ) its revelation ( ! my/]y ( ! union ( ! sav$ 9 "o body1 ! *ur*1 0 9 8 day made manife/1 &1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( ! ev]la/+ ,god1 made kn[n to all nations = ! ob$i5ce ( fai? 7,rom4 #af3be1 #bf74 ,see ,eph4 #b2 #c3a-aj4 ,:ile !re=e ,*ri/ 0 ! au?or ( ! tru? 9 its highe/ =m ( revelation1 also ! f\nd] ( 8 *ur*1 bo? rea*$ _! fulness ( p]fection "u ! inspir$ apo/les & 0 by !m made kn[n to all nations = ! ob$i5ce ( fai?4 ,! unity ( all believ]s = :i* ,*ri/ solemnly pray$ 0 to be accompli%$ ?r\gh ! direct ag5cy ( ! apo/les1 ! result ( believ+ on ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,,_! ,^w 7,john #ag3bj74 ,9 describ+ h[ bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 reconcil$ 9 "o body by ! cross1 ,paul says t ,god ha? rais$ u up toge!r1 & made u sit toge!r 9 heav5ly places 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 t 9 ! ages to come he might %[ ! exce$+ ri*es ( 8 grace 7,eph4 #b3 #f1 #g74 ,! unifi$ *ur* ( ! apo/olic day is !re=e ! div9e model = all succe$+ ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul's relation !reto ,s9ce ! fir/ apo/les 7 employ$ z special ag5ts 9 e/abli%+ ! p]fect$ ,new ,te/am5t *ur*1 ,paul's connection !re) is ( p>ticul> importance4 ,paul 0 n "o ( ! orig9al twelve1 yet he ex]t$ a trem5d\s influ5ce 9 t p]iod & 0 und\bt$ly "o ( ! *ief ag5ts us$ 9 e/abli%+ ! *ur* & fix+ its ext]nal =m & "*4 ,_m believe t ,paul belong$ among ! twelve z ! real successor ( ,judas4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ! election ( ,mat?ias to ! apo/le%ip 0 )\t div9e sanction1 be+ propos$ by ! impetu\s ,pet]1 :o1 be=e ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 (t5 propos$ inadvis$ ?+s4 ,/r5g? is giv5 ?is view by ! (t-repeat$ ass]tion ( ,paul t he 0 an apo/le1 n ( m51 nei!r by m51 b by ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #a3 #a74 ,we are n =c$ to t conclusion conc]n+ ,mat?ias1 h[ev]4 ,9 writ+ ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,luke ! companion ( ,paul1 records ! appo9tm5t ( ,mat?ias )\t intimat+ t x 0 a mi/ake4 ,9 ,scripture usage a c]ta9 p>allelism is ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! twelve apo/les ( ! ,lamb & ! twelve tribes ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,:5 we recall t !re 7 lit]ally ?irte5 tribes 9 ,israel1 ,ephriam & ,manasseh /&+ = ,joseph1 we ne$ n be surpriz$ t !re %\ld be lit]ally ?irte5 f\ndational apo/les 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ,mat?ias & ,paul /&+1 z x 71 9 ! place ( ,judas4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,paul really rank$ ) ! ,twelve4 ,he 0 a *os5 vessel1 ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,al?\gh z "o born out ( due "t1 he himself saw ,jesus & f him receiv$ ! entire gospel by direct revelation4 ,consequ5tly ! o!r apo/les possess$ no advantage ov] him4 ,he himself says1 ,! gospel :i* 0 prea*$ ( me 0 n aft] man4 ,= ,i nei!r receiv$ x ( man1 nei!r 0 ,i taught x1 b by ! revelation ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #a3aa1 #ab74 ,he 0 n a :it beh9d ! v *iefe/ apo/les 7#b ,cor4 #aa3e74 ,& x 0 ?r\gh ,paul p>ticul>ly t ! revelation ( ! my/]y 0 made complete--t bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles %\ld be fell[ heirs & ( ! ,,same body1 & he 0 commission$ to make all m5 see x4 ,! g5]al *ur* 01 !re=e1 made up ( v>i\s local congregations1 :i* 7 set 9 ord] by apo/olic au?ority4 ,! ess5tial nature ( ?is organization is det]m9$ by ! object = :i* ^! congregations 7 =m$1 ! conditions ( memb]%ip !re91 & ! k9d ( laws by :i* !y 7 gov]n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ( its organization ,! prim>y object = :i* ! local *ur* 0 =m$ 0 ! e/abli%m5t & ext5sion ( ! k+dom ( ,god among m54 ,a second>y object 0 ! enc\ragem5t & mutual edification ( ! believ]s !mselves1 :i* 0 be/ obta9$ by unit$ wor%ip 9 pray]1 exhortation1 praise1 ?anksgiv+1 & religi\s in/ruction4 ,we h already not$ ! conditions ( memb]%ip 9 ! local *ur*4 ,none b ^? :o 7 already memb]s ( ! body ( ,*ri/ c\ld prop]ly be recogniz$ z memb]s 9 a congregation :i* 0 design$ by ,*ri/ to exhibit 9 local & tempor>y =m ! true idea ( ! *ur* univ]sal4 ,accord+ to ?is /&>d ( memb]%ip1 e individual ow$ allegiance directly to ,*ri/ himself z ! great head ( ! *ur*4 ,*ri/ 0 ! only lawgiv]4 ,! relation ( ! individual to ! local *ur*1 !n1 did n 9 any s5se sup]s$e 8 p]sonal relations to ,*ri/1 b simply /r5g!n$ & fur!r express$ ?is high] relation%ip4 ,9 ?is /&>d ( *ur*-memb]%ip is f\nd ! secret ( ! union 9 "o body ( all apo/olic ,*ri/ians4 ,! /&>d 0 p]sonal relation%ip to ,*ri/1 & ?is relation%ip c\ld be obta9$ only by an exp]i5ce ( salvation & humble ob$i5ce to ! law ( ,*ri/4 ,!re=e all ! truly sav$ 7 memb]s ( ,*ri/ & memb]s ( ea* o!r4 ,?is /&>d be+ ! same = all1 x l$ to absolute equality among memb]s4 ,h5ce ,paul c\ld say1 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 !re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female3 = ye are all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus 7,gal4 #c3bh74 ,! law ( ! *ur*1 z already /at$1 0 simply ! law ( ,*ri/2 fir/ z deliv]$ orally by specially inspir$ apo/les1 & aft]w>ds express$ by !m 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,sid5ote3 ,organization & gov]nm5t ,! close/ relation%ip necess>ily exi/$ betwe5 ! organization ( ! *ur* & its me?od ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is impossible = u to get a cle> conception ( ei!r indep5d5tly ( ! o!r2 & 9 ord] to und]/& ! subject at all1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d ! fundam5tal nature ( ! *ur* itself1 :at x 0 & :at x 0 design$ to accompli%4 ,! *ur* 0 n1 z we h se51 a m]e aggregate ( individuals t happ5$ to ga!r or t assembl$ = ord9>y purposes4 ,a social club or a bus9ess organization w\ld h possess$ all ^? features4 ,! *ur* 0 ! body ( ,*ri/1 ! body to :i* he gave spiritual life & ?r\gh :i* he design$ to manife/ 8 p[] & glory4 ,h5ce its visible organization 0 second>y1 m]ely incid5tal z ! means = ! accompli%m5t ( ^? high] ends involv$ 9 ! transc5d5tal elem5t ( ! *ur*4 ,! relation ( ! div9e & ! human *>act]i/ics 01 !re=e1 ! relation ( s\l & body--,*ri/1 ! s\l2 r$eem$ humanity1 ! body4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ?is relation%ip 0 ! manife/ation to ! _w ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 organization ( ! *ur*4 ,f ! =ego+ consid]ations1 we are c]ta9 t 9 ! apo/olic *ur* ! real emphasis 0 plac$ on life & t ! gov]nm5tal p[] & au?ority ( ! *ur* 0 d]iv$ f its div9e life 9 ,*ri/ & n f its organization4 ,apo/olic *ur* gov]nm5t 01 !re=e1 m ?an ! adoption ( "s p>ticul> =m ( ext]nal organization & adm9i/ration4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e adm9i/ration ,! orig9 ( ! *ur* 0 div9e4 ,jesus said1 ,i w build my *ur*4 ,& ?\gh1 z we h se51 he employ$ human ag5ts 9 its completion1 ^! ag5ts 7 s specially inspir$ & direct$ by ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s t x 0 9 reality 8 "w4 ,jesus 0 n only ! initial f\nd] ( ! *ur*1 b he 0 its p]man5t head & gov]nor4 ,isaiah1 pr$ict+ ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 decl>es t ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u ,,8 %\ld] 7,isa4 #i3f74 ,& aga91 we read t ,,he is ! head ( ! body1 ! *ur* 444 t 9 all ?+s he might h ! preem95ce 7,col4 #a3ah74 ,he x 0 :o call$ & commission$ ,paul & !n p]sonally direct$ 8 m9i/]ial labors 7,acts #bf3ac-ai2 #af3f-i74 ,he x 0 :o walk$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sev5 gold5 c&le/icks1 enc\rag+ or reprov+ ! congregations ( ,asia 7,rev4 #a3ag1 et seq474 ,he is alive =ev] m 7,rev4 #a3ah72 ! same ye/]day1 & today1 & =ev] 7,heb4 #ac3 #h72 uphold+ all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[] 7,heb4 #a3c74 ,to him be glory 9 ! *ur* 444 ?r\gh\t all ages1 _w )\t end4 ,am5 7,eph4 #c3ba74 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ ! liv+ head ,?us1 ! g5]al nature ( *ur* gov]nm5t 0 an absolute mon>*y1 or1 to use a bett] t]m1 a !ocracy4 ,*ri/ 0 k+ & lawgiv]1 gov]nor & adm9i/rator4 ,:oev] ! in/rum5ts employ$ 9 c>ry+ out 8 purposes1 :atev] ! scope ( _! p>ticul> activities1 all 7 gov]n$ directly by ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x 0 8 *ur*4 ,he 0 its liv+ head4 ,no o!r *ur* 0 kn[n 9 ^? days4 ,x 0 only :5 ! liv+1 vital union ( ,*ri/ ) 8 *ur* 0 lo/ to view t m5 began endeavor+ to /r5g!n ! bonds ( ext]nal union by unscriptural human organization1 j z :5 life is dep>t$ f ! physical body we seek by an embalm+ process to prev5t its spe$y dissolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,delegat$ au?ority ,9 ord] to und]/& *ur* gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 we mu/ beg9 at ! c5tral s\rce ( au?ority & proce$ to its v>i$ manife/ations4 ,we h se5 t ,*ri/ employ$ human ag5ts 9 accompli%+ 8 "w2 h5ce1 9 ?us p]=m+ ! "w ( ,*ri/ z comm&$ by ,*ri/1 & z p]sonally direct$ by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 ^! m5 possess$ ! au?ority ( ,*ri/4 ,any *ur* gov]nm5tal au?ority t does n proce$ directly f ,*ri/ ?r\gh 8 ,holy ,_s is b human au?ority1 an usurp$ au?ority1 & has no place 9 ! real *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9i/]ial ov]sight ,! apo/les 7 ! fir/ to :om ,*ri/ delegat$ au?ority4 ,!y became 8 special repres5tatives4 ,!y e/abli%$ ! *ur* & became responsible = its g5]al direction & ov]sight1 ! ,"l work+ ) !m1 & confirm+ ! ^w ) signs foll[+ 7,m>k #af3bj74 ,b ^! twelve did n /& alone 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*4 ,soon a ho/ ( m9i/]s 7 rais$ up1 & ^! also possess$ div9e au?ority = _! repres5tative l9es ( "w4 ,to ! eld]s ( ,ephesus1 ,paul said1 ,take he$ !re=e unto y\rselves1 & to all ! flock1 ov] :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? made y ov]se]s1 to fe$ ! *ur* ( ,god 7,acts #bj3bh74 ,pet] also writes3 ,! eld]s :i* are among y ,i exhort 444 fe$ ! flock ( ,god :i* is among y1 tak+ ! ov]sight !re( 7#a ,pet4 #e3a1 #b74 ,! ,holy ,gho/ said1 ,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul = ! "w :]eunto ,i h call$ !m 444 s !y1 be+ s5t =? by ! ,holy ,gho/1 dep>t$ 7,acts #ac3 #b-d74 ,,& ,,he ,,gave "s1 apo/les2 & "s1 prophets2 & "s1 evangeli/s2 & "s1 pa/ors & tea*]s2 = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! edify+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/ 7,eph4 #d3aa1 #ab74 ,9 accordance ) ?is /&>d1 we read1 ,obey !m t h ! rule ov] y1 & submit y\rselves3 = !y wat* = y\r s\ls1 z !y t mu/ give acc\nt to him :o is t great %eph]d ( ! %eep 7,heb4 #ac3ag1 #bj74 ,! m9i/]s 7 "u-%eph]ds appo9t$ to fe$ ! flock ( ,god1 = :i* s]vice !y _h to give acc\nt to ! great ,%eph]d4 ,! =ego+ scriptures & _m o!rs %[ conclusively t1 :ile 9 ! apo/olic *ur* spiritual ov]sight 01 9 g5]al1 ve/$ 9 ! m9i/ry1 x did n orig9ate ) !m2 t x did n proce$ f ! g5]al body ( believ]s by a majority vote or by conf]5ce appo9tm5t2 b t x came by ! ,holy ,_s direct f ! great head ( ! *ur*1 :o alone det]m9$ ! g5]al b\nds ( t au?ority & responsibility4 ,?is m9i/ry1 or presbyt]y1 consi/$ ( two classes--local m9i/]s & g5]al m9i/]s4 ,be=e proce$+ f ?is g5]al classification to a discussion ( ! m specific duties & responsibilities ( ! individual m9i/]s compris+ ?is presbyt]y1 ,i %all call att5tion briefly to ! geographical di/ribution ( _! "w z a body4 ,sid5ote3 ,local & g5]al phase ,we h already %[n t ! *ur* 9 its visible phase 0 made up ( v>i\s local congregations set 9 ord] by apo/olic au?ority4 ,s f> z _! own local affairs 7 conc]n$1 ^! congregations 7 autonom\s4 ,:5 a matt] 0 purely local1 su* z ! f9ancial ov]sight & m9i/ration 9 ! *ur* at ,j]usalem1 ! local congregation itself det]m9$ ! c\rse ( action & 7except+ t class ( (ficials :o 7 div9ely *os57 :o %\ld be appo9t$ to ov]see x4 ,9 ! ,j]usalem example cit$1 ! apo/les sugge/$1 ,look ye out among y sev5 m51 etc41 & ! say+ pleas$ ! :ole multitude3 & !y *ose ! prop] p]sons = t "w 7,acts #f3a-e74 ,b :ile ^! congregations possess$ su* autonomy & 7 di/ribut$ ov] a wide t]ritory1 !y 7 n 9 all respects indep5d5t1 isolat$ units4 ,z memb]s ( ,*ri/ %>+ 9 a common life & engag$ 9 a common cause1 !y 7 b\nd toge!r 9 "o bro!rhood by ties ( fell[%ip & love4 ,9 addition to ! union ( sep>ate individuals 9 "o locality "u ! c>e ( ! local presbyt]y1 ! local congregations !mselves 7 br\ght into close1 sympa!tic relation%ip ) "o ano!r ?r\gh ! labors & influ5ce ( ^? g5]al m9i/]s :o 7 n atta*$ to p>ticul> *ur*es1 b ^: gifts1 call+s1 & qualifications fitt$ !m = g5]al s]vice ?r\gh\t ! v>i\s congregations4 ,! responsibility & au?ority ( ^! g5]al m9i/]s v>i$ 9 accordance ) _! own gifts & qualifications & ! degree ( developm5t atta9$ by ! *ur*es among :i* !y labor$4 ,9 ! case ( infant *ur*es1 x is evid5t t ov]sight 0 ( ! apo/olic k9d--direct & imm$iate4 ,b :5ev] !y became ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 ! pr9ciple ( local autonomy 0 recogniz$ & ! relation ( ! g5]al m9i/]s to su* congregations 0 evangeli/ic r ?an apo/olic--help]s & advisors1 n adm9i/rative directors4 ,sid5ote3 ,geographical di/ribution ,t ! =ego+ analysis is correct is abundantly prov$ by ! hi/ory ( ev5ts 9 ! ,acts respect+ ! geographical di/ribution ( ! *ur*es & _! relation to "o ano!r4 ,j]usalem 0 ! orig9al seat ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,isaiah prophesi$1 ,out ( ,zion %all g =? ! law1 & ! ^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem 7,isa4 #b3c74 ,jesus told ! apo/les t rep5tance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 8 "n among all nations1 beg9n+ at ,j]usalem 7,luke #bd3dg74 ,& aga91 ,ye %all be witnesses unto me bo? 9 ,j]usalem1 & 9 all ,judea1 & 9 ,sam>ia1 & unto ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>? 7,acts #a3h74 ,philip w5t f ,j]usalem to ,sam>ia & !re prea*$ ,*ri/ ) great success4 ,n[ :5 ! apo/les :i* 7 at ,j]usalem he>d t ,sam>ia _h receiv$ ! ,^w ( ,god1 !y s5t unto !m ,pet] & ,john 7,acts #h3ad74 ,lat] we read t :5 *ur*es _h be5 e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t all ,judea & ,galilee & ,sam>ia1 x came to pass1 z ,pet] pass$ ?r\gh\t all qu>t]s1 he came d[n also to ! sa9ts :i* dwelt at ,lydda 7,acts #i3 #ca1 #cb74 ,x 0 :ile he 0 on ?is g5]al t\r visit+ ! *ur*es t he came to ,joppa & !re receiv$ ! vision :i* l$ him to ! h\sehold ( ,cornelius1 aft] :i* he came to ,j]usalem & 0 !re call$ to acc\nt = 8 action 9 visit+ ! uncircumcis$ ,g5tiles4 ,!re is no d\bt t !re 0 ex]t$ f ,j]usalem a g5]al c>e ov] ! surr\nd+ *ur*es4 ,"s ( ! disciples :o 7 scatt]$ f ,j]usalem at ! "t ( p]secution1 w5t z f> z ,cyprus & ,antio*1 prea*+ ! ^w1 & _m believ$ & turn$ to ! ,"l4 ,!n tid+s ( ^! ?+s came unto ! e>s ( ! *ur* :i* 0 9 ,j]usalem3 & !y s5t =? ,b>nabas t he %\ld g z f> z ,antio* 7,acts #aa3 #ai-bb74 ,b>nabas w5t to ,antio* & !re f\nd su* a spl5did "w t he dep>t$ at once = ,t>sus seek+ ,saul1 & toge!r !y return$ to ,antio* & prea*$ = a :ole ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,op]ative c5t]s ,:ile ?is pr9ciple ( g5]al sup]9t5d5ce ( infant *ur*es orig9at$ ) ! apo/les !mselves1 x 0 ext5d$ to o!rs :o 7 n ( ! fir/ apo/les4 ,b>nabas & ,saul 7 successful at ,antio* & !re e/abli%$ ! fir/ ,*ri/ian community outside ! conf9es ( ,judaism1 z ! result ( :i* ,antio* became ! seat ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds c]ta9 prophets & tea*]s 9 ! *ur* at ,antio*1 m5 :o 7 n ( ! orig9al apo/les1 7 direct$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ to s5d =? ,b>nabas & ,saul on _! fir/ mission>y j\rney1 & !y w5t =? e/abli%+ local *ur*es & aft]w>ds sett+ !m 9 ord] by orda9+ eld]s1 aft] :i* ^! m9i/]s return$ to ,antio*1 ga!r$ ! *ur* toge!r1 & gave !m a report ( _! "w4 ,antio* 01 !re=e1 an op]ative c5t]4 ,at a lat] "t ,paul e/abli%$ ! tru? 9 ,ephesus1 ! *ief city ( ,proconsul> ,asia4 ,z might naturally be expect$ f ! /rategic position & political importance ( t city1 ,ephesus also became an op]ative c5t] = ,*ri/ianity1 s t all !y :i* dwelt 9 ,asia he>d ! ^w ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 bo? ,jews & ,greeks 7,acts #ai3aj74 ,!ssalonica 9 ,mac$onia & ,cor9? 9 ,a*aia are o!r examples ( ! k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,regional units ,! "w ( ! *ur* naturally fell into ^! geographical units2 !re=e ! ^w *ur* is sometimes us$ z a collective t]m designat+ a body ( regional congregations4 ,! *ur* ?r\gh\t all ,judea & ,galilee & ,sam>ia 7,acts #i3ca71 ! sev5 *ur*es :i* are 9 ,asia 7,rev4 #a3aa71 ! *ur*es ( ,mac$onia 7#b ,cor4 #h3a71 ! *ur*es ( ,galatia 7#a ,cor4 #af3a74 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ?is regional concept ( ! *ur* 0 n an integral "p ( fundam5tal apo/olic *ur* gov]nm5t1 b 0 m]ely incid5tal1 ! result ( geographical location4 ,9 fundam5tal analysis di/9ctions are always drawn betwe5 ?+s t are diff]5t1 n betwe5 ?+s ( ! same k9d4 ,^! regional *ur*es 7 n diff]5t k9ds ( *ur*es2 !y 7 n b\nd toge!r 9 sep>ate gr\ps by an ext]nal organization :i* plac$ a wall betwe5 !m & o!r congregations ( ! sa9ts4 ,!re 0 no au?ority "h = ! national-*ur* !ory nor = ! sect>ian *ur* idea4 ,geographical sep>ation !re 01 b n d5om9ationalism4 ,sid5ote3 ,common bond ( unity ,we h already %[n f ,paul's writ+s t "u 8 m9i/ry bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 unit$ 9 "o body1 ! same body4 ,t ^! regional units to :i* we h ref]r$ 7 no d5ial ( ?is cle> tru?1 b t collectively !y con/itut$ "o body1 is fur!r %[n by ! indications we h ( _! op]ative unity4 ,not)/&+ ! poor facilities = communication & travel 9 ^? days1 :i* made g5]al coop]ation v difficult1 & not)/&+ ! fact t ! record ( hi/oric ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,acts is exce$+ly brief1 we h1 nev]!less1 cle> pro( t !re 0 coop]ation ?r\gh\t ! apo/olic *ur*4 ,two in/ances1 "o ( a bus9ess nature1 ! o!r ecclesia/ical1 e/abli% ?is po9t4 ,! *ur*es ( at lea/ ?ree prov9ces ( ! ,roman ,empire--,galatia1 ,mac$onia1 & ,a*aia--unit$ "u ,paul's direction 9 e/abli%+ a weekly f9ancial sy/em1 ! imm$iate object ( :i* 0 to assi/ 9 accompli%+ a p>ticul> object 9 :i* !y 7 all int]e/$ 7#b ,cor4 #h3i2 #a ,cor4 #af3a-c74 ,! ecclesia/ical example is ! c\ncil ( ! apo/les & eld]s held 9 ,j]usalem & record$ 9 ,acts #ae4 ,a "q ( doctr9e & practise arose 9 ,antio*2 ! *ur* !re 0 n able to settle x2 !re=e x 0 det]m9$ t ,paul & ,b>nabas1 & c]ta9 o!r ) !m1 %\ld g up to ,j]usalem unto ! apo/les & eld]s ab\t ?is "q 7v]se #b74 ,?is 0 n a g5]al c\ncil ( ! *ur*4 ,no o!r sections or prov9ces 7 repres5t$4 ,nor did x meet z a legislative body1 ev5 ?\gh !re 7 pres5t specially inspir$ apo/les1 to :om _h be5 giv5 ! commission to unfold ! gospel z an au?oritative revelation4 ,x is cle> t ! m9i/]s ( ?is c\ncil ev5 s\ght to avoid ! legislative function4 ,= x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & to u1 to lay ^u y no great] burd5 ?an ^! necess>y ?+s 7v]se #bh74 ,:ile ?is incid5t does n prove an adm9i/rative human head%ip ( ! :ole *ur* c5traliz$ at ,j]usalem1 x does prove t ! individual congregations 7 n isolat$ units1 b t !y _h respect =1 & s\ght ! advice & c\nsel (1 old] e/abli%$ congregations1 & p>ticul>ly ( ^? g5]al m9i/]s ^: gifts1 qualifications1 & reputation fitt$ !m = g5]al c>e ( all ! *ur*es4 ,:5 we consid] ! div9e nature ( ! *ur*'s organization1 ) ! ev]-liv+ ,*ri/ work+ mightily 9 all 8 m9i/]s & ?r\gh !m 9 p>ticul> adm9i/]+ its gov]nm5t1 we c see t ! entire *ur* 0 necess>ily "o body jo9$ toge!r 9 a common fell[%ip & actually labor+ toge!r 9 ! p]=mance ( common tasks4 ,sid5ote3 ,bi%op & eld] ,! presbyt]y1 to :om 0 giv5 p>ticul> ov]sight & gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*1 0 set ap>t by ! ,holy ,gho/ = ?is special "w4 ,diff]5t t]ms1 su* z eld] & bi%op1 7 us$ to designate ?is (fice4 ,! t]m bi%op1 :i* lit]ally means ov]se]1 implies ! duties ( ! (fice1 :ile eld] d5otes its rank4 ,t ^! t]ms 7 us$ int]*angeably & appli$ to ! same ord] ( p]sons is prov$ by ,acts #bj3bh 7cf4 #ag72 ,phil4 #a3a2 #a ,tim4 #c3a1 #h2 ,tit4 #a3e1 #g2 #a ,pet4 #e3a1 #b4 ,?is 0 admitt$ by _m e>ly writ]s1 z ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e1 ,urban ,,ii1 ,petrus ,lomb>dus1 ,*ryso/om1 ,!odoret1 & o!rs4 ,f ! g5]al classification already giv51 let u proce$ to ! specific4 ,?is body 0 made up ( eld]s or bi%ops4 ,! fact t ! t]ms eld] & bi%op 7 appli$ to all ! presbyt]s %[s equality ( rank2 t ! (fice 0 "o4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t ^! eld]s z individuals 7 div]sifi$ 9 _! gifts & call+s 9 accordance ) ! specific "w :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ design$ !m to p]=m4 ,"u "o classification !re 71 broadly speak+1 two k9ds ( eld]s--local & g5]al2 t is1 ^? ^: sph]e ( op]ation 0 p>ticul>ly local & ^? ^: influ5ce1 "w1 & responsibility ext5d$ beyond any congregational limitation4 ,?is di/9ction 0 n made arbitr>ily1 h[ev]2 = x 0 ess5tial to ! p]=mance ( ! tw(old class ( "w to be done & 0 ! inevitable result ( t op]ation ( ! ,_s 9 individual m9i/]s :i* fitt$ !m p>ticul>ly = ^! di/9ctive l9es ( activity4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e gifts ,to be /ill m specific1 we mu/ g a /ep f>!r & consid] ! reason :y & ! process by :i* m9i/]s became diff]5tiat$ f o!r sa9ts4 ,9 ?is we %all f9d ! inn] secret1 bo? ( p>ticul> spiritual organization & ( div9e *ur* gov]nm5t4 ,! apo/le says1 ,by "o ,_s are we all baptiz$ into "o body & ,god ha? set ! memb]s e "o ( !m 9 ! body1 z x ha? pleas$ him 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ac1 #ah74 ,^! texts sugge/ m ?an a m]e atta*m5t to ! body3 !y imply functional activity 9 ! body4 ,! functions ( ! body z describ$ by ,paul means ! ex]cise ( spiritual gifts4 ,n[ !re are div]sities ( gifts1 b ! same ,_s 444 !re are div]sities ( op]ations1 b x is ! same ,god :i* worke? all 9 all4 ,b ! manife/ation ( ! ,_s is giv5 to e man to pr(it )al4 ,= to "o is giv5 by ! ,_s ! ^w ( wisdom2 to ano!r ! ^w ( k by ! same ,_s2 to ano!r fai? by ! same ,_s2 to ano!r ! gifts ( heal+ by ! same ,_s2 to ano!r ! work+ ( miracles2 to ano!r prophecy2 to ano!r disc]n+ ( spirits2 to ano!r div]s k9ds ( tongues2 to ano!r ! int]pretation ( tongues2 b all ^! worke? t "o & ! selfsame ,_s1 divid+ to e man sev]ally z he w 7#a ,cor4 #ab3 #d-aa74 ,sid5ote3 ,basis ( m9i/]ial au?ority ,! =ego+ scripture is a m]e enum]ation ( ! gifts t ,god implant$ 9 ! *ur* z a body4 ,! m p>ticul> application ( ^! gifts & _! relation to *ur* organization & gov]nm5t are giv5 fur!r on 9 ! same *apt]4 ,n[ ye are ! body ( ,*ri/1 & memb]s 9 p>ticul>4 ,& ,god ha? set "s 9 ! *ur*1 fir/ apo/les1 second>ily prophets1 ?irdly tea*]s1 aft] t miracles1 !n gifts ( heal+s1 helps1 gov]nm5ts1 div]sities ( tongues4 ,are all apo/les8 are all prophets8 are all tea*]s8 are all work]s ( miracles8 h all ! gifts ( heal+8 d all speak ) tongues8 d all int]pret8 ,b covet e>ne/ly ! be/ gifts 7v]ses #bg-ca74 ,comp>ison ( v]ses #d to #aa ) v]ses #bg to #ca ( ! *apt] j quot$ %[s conclusively t "o is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! o!r1 ! latt] m]ely amplify+ & expla9+ ! =m]4 ,f ?is cle> tea*+ x is evid5t t ! "w ( apo/le%ip1 ( tea*+1 ( gov]n+1 etc41 7 all bas$ ^u & grew out ( div9e gifts implant$ 9 ! he>t by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! same tru? is taught by ,paul 9 ano!r place4 ,speak+ ( ,*ri/1 ! apo/le says1 ,:5 he asc5d$ up on high1 he 444 gave gifts unto m5 444 & he gave "s1 apo/les2 & "s1 prophets2 & "s1 evangeli/s2 & "s1 pa/ors & tea*]s2 = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 = ! "w ( ! m9i/ry1 = ! edify+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/ 7,eph4 #d3 #h-ab74 ,accord+ to ^! scriptures1 ! v gov]nm5tal positions ( ! *ur* ) _! au?ority & responsibility 7 ! product ( ^? gifts & qualifications be/[$ ^u c]ta9 individuals 9 p>ticul>4 ,su* gifts c\ld be legitimately covet$ ) a view to spiritual edification ( ! body 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ca2 #ad3ab74 ,if a man desire ! (fice ( a bi%op1 he desire? a good "w 7#a ,tim4 #c3a74 ,helps d\btless includ$ t class ( assi/ants commonly call$ deacons 7#a ,tim4 #c3h-aa74 ,s9ce 9 ! primitive *ur* organization & gov]nm5t 7 det]m9$ by ! div9e gifts & call+s possess$ by individuals1 x is evid5t t we h 9 ?is some?+ totally diff]5t f t lat] conception ( *ur* gov]nm5t z a m]e human arrangem5t4 ,at a subsequ5t "t1 z we %all %[1 *ur* gov]nm5t 0 patt]n$ aft] ! =ms ( political gov]nm5t 9 t x 0 ve/$ inh]5tly 9 m54 ,f\r su* =ms h be5 develop$--! imp]ial1 or papal2 ! episcopal2 ! presbyt]ial2 & ! congregational4 ,:ile ^! f\r diff] 9 ext]nal =m1 !y are all alike 9 fundam5tal "*1 9 t !y assume t ! gov]n+ p[] re/s inh]5tly 9 m54 ,none ( ^! =ms ( gov]nm5t repres5t ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur*4 ,! organization & gov]nm5t ( t *ur* 0 bas$ ^u ! *>isma1 or div9e gifts & call+s1 ( individuals compos+ ! *ur*4 ,! p[] & au?ority ( an apo/le or ( an evangeli/1 = example1 did n re/ ^u any selection or appo9tm5t made by m54 ,! *ur* did n act 9 a corporate capacity & conf] ecclesia/ical p[] & au?ority ^u any "o4 ,all su* p[] & au?ority came direct f ,god ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s1 & x 0 9 ,god's "n & by 8 au?ority alone t !y act$4 ,! organization ( ! *ur* 0 !re=e *>ismatic4 ,if1 = example1 ! gifts ( an apo/le 7 conf]r$ by ! ,holy ,_s ^u an individual1 he possess$ apo/olic responsibility & au?ority4 ,! bre?r5 recogniz$ su* gifts :5 ^! 7 evid5t1 & submitt$ !mselves volunt>ily to su* spiritual lead]%ip & ov]sight2 = at ?is p]iod !re _h n be5 develop$ t ecclesia/ical sy/em by :i* human election & appo9tm5t gave positions & au?ority to m54 ,9 fact1 we %all cle>ly %[ lat] t ! true *ur* c n be legally organiz$4 ,e attempt ( m5 to assume ! re9s ( au?ority & give gov]nm5tal =m & adm9i/rative direction to ! *ur* has be5 d5om9ational & sect>ian4 ,sid5ote3 ,ord9ation ,! true *ur* 0 ! :ole family ( ,god direct$ by 8 ,holy ,_s4 ,m9i/]ial appo9tm5t1 ) its au?ority & responsibility1 0 !re=e div9e4 ,we h se5 t ?r\gh ! spiritual op]ation call$ ! new bir?1 "o became a memb] ( ,*ri/1 & h5ce by div9e "r belong$ to :i*ev] congregation ( ! *ur* he might be able to associate )2 b t 9 practical exp]i5ce1 su* local memb]%ip involv$ recognition on ! "p ( ! o!r memb]s4 ,s x 0 ) ! div9e appo9tm5t to ! m9i/ry4 ,! only o!r ess5tial to its practical op]ation 0 simply recognition ( t call4 ,su* recognition1 9 ! la/ analysis1 belong$ to ! :ole *ur* 7#a ,tim4 #c3 #b-g2 ,tit4 #a3 #f-i71 b 0 giv5 =mally by ! lay+ on ( ! h&s ( ! presbyt]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,plurality ( local eld]s ,! developm5t ( m9i/]s 9 an apo/olic *ur* 0 a div9e1 natural process1 ! inevitable result ( ! emphasis plac$ on ! gifts & call+s ( ! ,_s4 ,?is free ex]cise ( ! ,_s's gifts work+ 9 ! memb]s d\btless acc\nts = ! plurality ( rul+ eld]s f\nd 9 ^? local *ur*es4 ,see ,acts #ad3bc2 #bj3ag2 ,phil4 #a3a2 #a ,tim4 #e3af1 #ag2 ,tit4 #a3e4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise z long z ! *ur*es 7 ,_s-fill$1 work+ congregations & ! ,_s ( ,god _h 8 way4 ,! sy/em t limit$ local *ur* gov]nm5t to a "o-man rule orig9at$ 9 ! apo/asy1 aft] ! gifts ( ! ,_s _h di$ out4 ,x is simply "o "p ( t great sy/em ( human organization t develop$ ! full-gr[n papacy4 ,( ?is we %all le>n m h]eaft]4 ,! same pr9ciples t develop$ local m9i/]s produc$ also m9i/]s ( ! g5]al class4 ,:ile "s naturally became pa/ors1 tea*]s1 & help]s 9 ! local *ur*1 p>ticul> gifts & qualifications fitt$ o!rs = apo/les & evangeli/s1 ^: p>ticul> sph]e 0 g5]al ov]sight & "w 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! prophet 0 n limit$ to ei!r class4 ,sid5ote3 ,apo/olic ov]sight ,z x is n g]mane to my pres5t purpose1 ,i %all n "h attempt to def9e ! v>i\s phases ( m9i/]ial "w designat$ by v>i\s t]ms b all includ$ "u ! "o g5]ic t]m eld]4 ,! "w describ$ by ! t]m apo/le1 h[ev]1 requires brief notice1 on acc\nt ( its be>+ on ! subject ( *ur* gov]nm5t4 ,! fact t ,paul _h p>ticul> c>e ( all ! *ur*es 7#b ,cor4 #aa3bh7 & t he gave special in/ructions to ,timo?y & ,titus1 o!r m9i/]s 7#a ,tim4 #e3 #ba2 ,tit4 #a3e71 =ms ! basis = ! episcopacy argum5t--*ur* rule by a sup]ior ord] ( cl]gy call$ bi%ops4 ,apo/le lit]ally signifies a plant]4 ,! t]m belongs specifically to ! fir/ f\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b is loosely appli$ 9 a m g5]al s5se to any m9i/] :o plants ,*ri/ianity 9 a new t]ritory4 ,x is cle> t ! fir/ apo/les 7 especially inspir$ = a p>ticul> "w 9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* & 9 writ+ ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,h5ce ! apo/olic (fice 9 ?is special s5se pass$ away ) !m4 ,b !re 01 nev]!less1 an apo/olic "w su* z plant+ & ov]see+ ! infant "w 9 a new field1 & 9 ?is s5se ,b>nabas also 0 an apo/le 7,acts #ac3df ) #ad3d74 ,t ! ^w apo/le really signifi$ a plant] & 0 !re=e descriptive ( ! k9d ( "w done is %[n by ! words ( ,paul himself3 ,= he t wr\ght effectually 9 ,pet] to ! apo/le%ip ( ! circumcision1 ! same 0 mighty 9 me t[>d ! ,g5tiles 7,gal4 #b3h74 ,& aga91 he says to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,if ,i be n an apo/le unto o!rs1 yet d\btless ,i am to y2 = ! seal ( m9e apo/le%ip are ye 9 ! ,"l 7#a ,cor4 #i3b74 ,9 ano!r place he says to ! same *ur*1 ,?\gh ye h t5 ?\s& in/ructors 9 ,*ri/1 yet h ye n _m fa!rs3 = 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ,i h begott5 y ?r\gh ! gospel 7#a ,cor4 #d3ae74 ,! special1 p]sonal relation t ! apo/le1 or plant]1 su/a9$ to ! "w :i* he _h f\nd$ & ov] :i* he ex]cis$ g5]al jurisdiction1 0 b tempor>y1 a sort ( fa!rly c>e4 ,he 0 oblig$ to ov]see ! "w z a :ole1 includ+ "y m9i/]s1 until x became ?or\ghly e/abli%$4 ,aft] o!rs 7 able = ! "w & ! apo/le's special ov]sight 0 )drawn1 !re might be t5 ?\s& o!r in/ructors1 b no m fa!rs4 ,?is disproves entirely ! episcopal idea z an ess5tial feature ( *ur* gov]nm5t4 ,! apo/le ,pet] ev5 classes himself simply z an eld] 9 common ) o!r eld]s 7#a ,pet4 #e3a74 ,b ) ! exception ( ! orig9al apo/les1 :o 7 specially commission$ to reveal ! doctr9e & message ( ! gospel & to e/abli% ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! diff]5ce exi/+ betwe5 eld]s 9 ! primitive *ur* 0 n a diff]5ce 9 k9d1 b 9 degree only1 v>y+ 9 accordance ) _! ability to put =? "s portion ( t moral & spiritual p[] by :i* alone ,*ri/ gov]ns 8 *ur*4 ,,"p ,,ii ,! ,*ur* 9 ,hi/ory ,,*apt] ,v ,,corruption ,,( ,,evangelical ,,fai? ,x is n my purpose to write an ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 b 9 ord] to make cle> ! "w ( f9al re=mation1 x w be necess>y to pres5t at lea/ a brief sket* ( hi/oric ,*ri/ianity1 outl9+ p>ticul>ly ^? lead+ features :i* %[ a radical dep>ture f ! true *ur* z orig9ally con/itut$ by our ,"l & 8 apo/les4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fai? ,9 ! days ( primitive ,*ri/ianity !re 0 some?+ call$ ! gospel1 ! tru?1 ! =m ( s\nd words1 ! fai?4 ,to und]/& its fundam5tal nature is n difficult1 = x has be5 pres]v$ & h&$ d[n to u 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,accord+ to ?is record1 ! gospel message1 or ! fai?1 c5t]$ 9 ! p]son ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o di$ & rose aga9 t he might be a ,pr9ce & a ,savior1 = to give rep5tance to ,israel1 & =giv5ess ( s9s 7,acts #e3ca74 ,& t rep5tance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 8 "n among all nations1 beg9n+ at ,j]usalem 7,luke #bd3dg74 ,ar\nd ?is c5tral fact ( salvation f s9 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/ clu/]$ ^? o!r tru?s & facts :i* ei!r necess>ily result$ f ! new relation%ip ( r$eem$ humanity ) ,god or 7 ess5tial to its visible manife/ation & propagation4 ,prom95t among ^! features 7 ! entire sanctification ( believ]s1 holy life & conduct1 ! baptism1 gifts1 & lead]%ip ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! visible unity & relation%ip ( believ]s 9 "o body1 ! *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,an apo/asy =etold ,i ne$ n take "t or space to describe ! wond]ful successes ( ,*ri/ianity z long z ! primitive purity & p[] ( ! gospel message 0 su/a9$ & its results realiz$ 9 a liv+1 ,_s-fill$ *ur*4 ,b facts compel me to record a *ange f t happy condition4 ,?is transition 0 =ese5 by ^? :o spake z !y 7 mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,paul decl>$3 ,"s %all dep>t f ! fai?1 giv+ he$ to s$uc+ spirits & doctr9es ( devils 7#a ,tim4 #d3a72 ,also ( y\r own selves %all m5 arise1 speak+ p]v]se ?+s1 to draw away disciples aft] !m 7,acts #bj3cj74 ,pet] pr$ict$1 ,!re %all be false tea*]s among y1 :o privily %all br+ 9 damnable h]esies 7#b ,pet4 #b3a74 ,jesus himself decl>$1 ,_m false prophets %all arise1 & %all deceive _m4 ,& because iniquity %all ab\nd1 ! love ( _m %all wax cold 7,matt4 #bd3aa1 #ab74 ,paul gives a m p>ticul> description ( ! com+ apo/asy 9 ! second *apt] ( ,second ,!ssalonians4 ,ass]t+ t ! second com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 n at t "t imm95t1 he says3 ,let no man deceive y by any means3 = t day %all n come1 except !re come a fall+ away fir/1 & t man ( s9 be reveal$1 ! son ( p]dition2 :o oppose? & exalte? himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ip$2 s t he z ,god sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god 7v]ses #c1 #d74 ,! developm5t ( ! man ( s91 :i* 0 occasion$ by ! fall+ away1 0 to be gradual1 b %\ld f9ally assume great proportions1 s t he z ,god sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god %[+ himself t he is ,god4 ,! apo/le fur!r /ates3 ,= ! my/]y ( iniquity do? already "w3 only he :o n[ lette? w let1 until he be tak5 out ( ! way4 ,& !n %all t wick$ be reveal$1 :om ! ,"l %all consume ) ! _s ( 8 m\?1 & %all de/roy ) ! brightness ( 8 com+ 7v]ses #g1 #h74 ,we %\ld n seek = ! fulfilm5t ( ?is pr$iction 9 ^? m9or sects & h]esies :i* at an e>ly date arose & soon pass$ away3 ! description ref]s to "s great p[] occupy+ ! greate/ prom95ce1 mak+ ! mo/ pret5ti\s claims1 a p[] t is to endure until ! second adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 look = its fulfilm5t 9 :at we may t]m ! ma9 l9e ( hi/oric ,*ri/ianity4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ evid5ces ( decl9e ,! fall+ away f ! simple tru?s & /&>ds ( ! gospel began at a v e>ly date4 ,! my/]y ( iniquity 0 already work+ 9 ! apo/les' day4 ,be=e ! close ( ! fir/ c5tury we f9d 9 ! *ur*es ( ,asia ,m9or a sad deflection f _! primitive condition4 ,! *ur* at ,ephesus _h left its fir/ love 7,rev4 #b3d72 ! *ur* at ,p]gamos 0 tol]at+ false tea*]s & be+ ru9$ by false doctr9es 7#b3ad1 #ae72 ,?yatira _h lo/ ! _s ( holy judgm5t aga9/ wrong-do+ & 0 !re=e affect$ by a %ock+ degree ( immorality 7#b3 #bj-bc72 ! message to ,s>dis 01 ,?\ ha/ a "n t ?\ live/1 & art dead 7#c3a72 ,laodicea _h become s lukew>m t ! ,"l said1 ,i w spew !e out ( my m\? 7#c3ae1 #af74 ,sid5ote3 ,! apo/olic fa!rs ,! transition f ! apo/les to ! age ( ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs is involv$ 9 consid]able d>kness4 ,n until ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 :5 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr appe>s on ! sc5e1 does ! *ur* em]ge f its obscurity into ! cle> light ( hi/ory4 ,! apo/olic fa!rs--,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,ignatius1 ! ,pa/or ( ,h]mas1 ,papias1 & ! unkn[n au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ,diognetus--all ^! liv$ & wrote dur+ t transitional p]iod1 & !y c\ld h told u mu*1 b !y h told u little4 ,we c n b admire ! beautiful _s 9 :i* !y wrote1 & _! /yle is e>ne/ & vital4 ,nev]!less1 we disc]n 9 ^! works two lead+ t5d5cies :i* /&1 s to speak1 z prophecies ( :at 0 to pr$om9ate 9 ! ecclesia/ical ?\ght ( succe$+ c5turies4 ,9 ! m9d ( ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ,diognetus1 ! gr& c5tral ?\ght is ! inc>nation & ! spiritual pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 r$eem$ humanity1 by :i* !y are l$ to ! free imitation ( ,god1 z a result ( :i* !y become to ! _w :at ! s\l is to ! body--its life & ! means ( hold+ x toge!r4 ,?is tea*+ is an epitome ( ! ,greek !ology develop$ lat] by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,orig51 & ,a?anasius4 ,b 9 ,papias1 :o atta*es mu* importance to oral traditions t came f ! liv+ & abid+ voice2 9 ,ignatius1 :o exalts ! bi%op above o!r presbyt]s2 & 9 ,clem5t1 :o1 writ+ z a ,roman1 is conc]n$ ) matt]s ( adm9i/ration & subord9ation to au?ority--9 ^! we disc]n ! beg9n+s ( ! ,lat9 !ology develop$ lat] by ,t]tullian1 ,ir5aeus1 ,cyprian1 & ,augu/9e1 :i* produc$ ! papacy1 & :i*1 z we %all %[1 has 9 a great measure dom9at$ ! ecclesia/ical ?\ght ( ! _w until ! pres5t day4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ante-,nic5e age ,aft] em]g+ into ! cle> field ( hi/oric ,*ri/ianity 9 ! "t ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 we f9d ev]y:]e evid5ces ( a rapidly develop+ apo/asy4 ,9 "o respect we approa* an exam9ation ( ! ,ante-,nic5e *ur* ) feel+s ( admiration4 ,?is 0 a h]oic age1 an age ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrs4 ,! /ruggles ( ,*ri/ianity aga9/ ! p[]s ( hea!nism en?ron$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire & ?r\gh\t ! _w =m a bright *apt] 9 ! annals ( hi/oric de$s & supreme loyalty to l(ty ideals4 ,:5 we view ! subject f ?is angle1 x w\ld almo/ seem to be an act ( irrev]5ce or ( sacrilege to call 9 "q ! doctr9es & practises ( t p]iod :5 ! *ur* 0 baptiz$ by fire & wad$ ?r\gh riv]s ( blood4 ,rev]5ce = ! m>tyrs & = _! noble ef=ts to ext5d ! cause ( ,*ri/ is praisewor?y1 b 9 ju/ice to tru?1 we mu/ rememb] t ev5 ! m>tyrs 7 n inspir$ tea*]s commission$ to build a model = all succe$+ ages4 ,t !y 7 h]oic does n prove !m infallible4 ,we %\ld nev] hesitate1 !re=e1 to comp>e _! tea*+ ) ! pure doctr9es ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & :]e9 !re is any lack ( h>mony1 we %\ld be guid$ by ! tru? z x is 9 ,jesus4 ,h[ev] mu* we may admire ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs1 we c n help notic+ ! %>p contra/ betwe5 !m & ! fir/ apo/les2 betwe5 _! writ+s & ! sublime1 inspir$ tea*+ ( ! div9e ,^w4 ,if1 aft] read+ ,paul1 ,pet]1 or ,john1 we turn to ,t]tullian1 ,ir5aeus1 or ,cyprian1 we in/9ctively realize t we h1 s to speak1 be5 transf]r$ f sunny ,italy to frigid ,sib]ia4 ,we are consci\s ( a *ange to ano!r era1 & to ano!r c\ntry4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t we f9d num]\s famili> objects1 we "k t we are mov+ 9 ano!r atmosph]e amid =eign surr\nd+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ritualism ,! *ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 ! natural fruitage ( ! se$s plant$ dur+ ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,!re we began to notice p>ticul>ly =eign elem5ts :i* /& out 9 bold contra/ to ! simple =ms ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o ( ^! innovations 0 ! developm5t ( ! rituali/ic _s1 accord+ to :i* undue importance 0 atta*$ to p>ticul> =ms ( wor%ip1 su* z "t1 place1 positions ( ! body1 & c]emonial obs]vances 9 g5]al4 ,take baptism = an example4 ,ap>t f errone\s notions conc]n+ ! efficacy ( baptism1 :i* w be ref]r$ to "u ano!r head1 ! writ+s ( ! *ur* fa!rs ab\nd ) ! mo/ m9ute & pu]ile details conc]n+ h[ ! act is to be p]=m$--details ( cate*ism1 ( consecration ( wat]s1 ( dress+ & undress+1 exorcism1 ano9t+ f head to foot ) oil1 ! lay+ on ( h&s1 etc41 all ( :i* 7 to be c>ri$ out 9 ! mo/ exact+ & solemn mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,example f ,t]tullian ,z an example ( ! rituali/ic "* ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ,i w cite a passage f ,t]tullian4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ( 8 "w ,de ,corona1 ?is celebrat$ ,lat9 fa!r und]takes to def5d cu/oms & practises t he confesses 7 receiv$ on ! gr\nd ( tradition alone4 ,he says3 ,i %all beg9 ) baptism4 ,:5 we are go+ to ent] ! wat]1 b a little be=e1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! congregation & "u ! h& ( ! presid5t1 we solemnly pr(ess t we dis[n ! devil1 & 8 pomp1 & 8 angels4 ,:]eupon we are ?rice imm]s$1 mak+ a some:at ampl] pl$ge ?an ! ,"l has appo9t$ 9 ! gospel4,a ,!n :5 we are tak5 up 7z new-born *ildr57 we ta/e1 fir/ ( all1 a mixture ( milk & honey1 & f t day we ab/a9 f ! daily ba? = a :ole week4 ,we take also1 9 congregations be=e daybreak1 & f ! h& ( none b ! presid5t1 ! sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* ! ,"l bo? comm&$ to be done at mealtimes & enjo9$ to be tak5 by all alike4 ,z (t5 z ! anniv]s>y comes r\nd1 we make (f]+s = ! dead z bir?day honors4 ,we c\nt %\t+ or kneel+ 9 wor%ip on ! ,"l's day to be unlawful4 ,we rejoice 9 ! same privilege also f ,ea/] to ,:itsunday4 ,we feel pa9$ %\ld any w9e or bread1 ev5 ?\gh our own1 be ca/ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,at e =w>d /ep & movem5t1 at e go+ 9 & out1 :5 we put on our clo!s & %oes1 :5 we ba!1 :5 we sit at table1 :5 we light ! lamps1 on c\*1 on seat1 9 all ! ord9>y actions ( daily life1 we trace ^u ! =ehead ! sign ( ! cross4 ,9 words imm$iately foll[+1 at ! beg9n+ ( ,*apt] #d1 ,t]tullian says3 ,if = ^! & o!r su* rules y insi/ ^u hav+ positive ,scriptural injunction1 y w f9d none4 ,tradition w be held =? to y z ! orig9ator ( !m1 cu/om z _! /r5g!n]1 & fai? z _! obs]v]4 ,accord+ to ?is confession1 all ! c]emonial obs]vances "h set =? are )\t ,scriptural au?ority4 ,:5 we read 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t conc]n+ ! simple act ( baptiz+ believ]s1 & comp>e x ) ! cu/oms & practises t _h gr[n up 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e *ur*1 we d n wond] t evangelical fai? 0 soon aft]w>ds almo/ entirely lo/ 9 rituali/ic =ms2 t1 l ! ,ph>isees ( old1 m5 made ! fai? ( ,god ( none effect by _! traditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,false doctr9es & h]esies ,ano!r evid5ce ( ! decl9e ( evangelical fai? is f\nd 9 ! pres5ce ( _m false doctr9es among ! lead]s ( s-call$ or?odox ,*ri/ianity 9 t p]iod ( :i* ,i n[ write4 ,paul n only taught t at a lat] "t "s %\ld dep>t f ! fai?1 giv+ he$ to s$uc+ spirits & devils 7#a ,tim4 #d3a71 b he ref]r$ to "s :o _h already err$ conc]n+ ! fai? 7#a ,tim4 #f3ba71 & nam$ two p]sons1 ':o1 conc]n+ ! tru?1 _h err$1 say+ t ! resurrection 0 pa/ already1 & ov]?rew ! fai? ( "s' 7#b ,tim4 #b3ah74 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! apo/les1 error made deep] inroads1 & its baneful influ5ce ca/ a %ad[ ov] ! *ur*1 :i* rapidly deep5$ into ! d>kness ( spiritual night4 ,sid5ote3 ,baptismal reg5]ation ,"o ( ! e>lie/ corruptions ( apo/olic tru? conc]n$ ! design & purpose ( baptism4 ,x 0 n long until unscriptural significance 0 atta*$ to ! lit]al rite itself1 s t :at 0 orig9ally a m]e sign1 0 sub/itut$ = ! ?+ signifi$1 & ?us baptism took ! place ( spiritual reg5]ation4 ,9 sev]al places 9 ! writ+s ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 :o liv$ ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 8 language seems to atta* undue importance to ! lit]al rite2 b o!r passages f ! same au?or indicate t he _h n z yet entirely lo/ sight ( ! apo/olic /&>d4 ,9 8 ,dialog ) ,trypho1 *apt] #ad1 he says3 ,we h believ$ & te/ify t t v baptism :i* he ,isaiah ann\nc$ is alone able to purify ^? :o h rep5t$ 444 & :at is ! use ( t baptism :i* cleanses ! fle% & body alone8 ,baptize ! s\l f wra? & covet\sness1 f envy & f hatr$1 & lo1 ! body is pure4 ,9 8 ,fir/ ,apology1 *apt] #fa1 ! same writ] draws a cle> ,biblical di/9ction betwe5 spiritual reg5]ation secur$ ?r\gh rep5tance & fai?1 & ritual reg5]ation 9 baptism z a m]e outw>d sign ( ! inw>d "w4 ,he says3 ,i w also relate ! mann] 9 :i* we d$icat$ ourselves to ,god :5 we _h be5 made new ?r\gh ,*ri/ 444 z _m z are p]suad$ & believe t :at we tea* & say is tru?1 & und]take to be able to live accord+ly1 are in/ruct$ to pray & to entreat ,god ) fa/+ = ! remission ( _! s9s t are pa/1 we pray+ & fa/+ ) !m4 ,!n !y are br\ght by u :]e !re is wat] & are reg5]at$ 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* we 7 ourselves reg5]at$4 ,=1 9 ! "n ( ,god1 ! ,fa!r & ,"l ( ! ,univ]se1 & ( our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ( ! ,holy ,_s1 !y !n receive ! wa%+ ) wat]4 ,o!r writ]s ( ! p]iod "u consid]ation1 h[ev]1 praise ! sav+ efficacy ( baptism 9 ! mo/ exalt$ t]ms4 ,accord+ to _! m9ds1 x is ! actual means ( ! r$emption ( s9s1 n a m]e lit]al rite express+ c]emonially ! "w ( ,god's ,_s )9 ! he>t2 x is an illum9ation2 x ext+ui%es ! fire ( s92 x removes ! unclean spirits f m5 & seals !m = heav54 ,t]tullian wrote ext5sively on ?is subject4 ,9 8 "w ,on ,baptism1 *apt]s #c to #h1 he ma9ta9s ! doctr9e ( baptismal reg5]ation by :i* we are wa%$ f ! s9s ( our =m] bl9dness & set free = et]nal life4 ,he decl>es t by ?is act m5 are prep>$ to receive ! ,holy ,gho/2 t 9 ! lit]al act1 ! _s is corporeally wa%$ 9 ! wat]s1 & ! fle% is1 9 ! same1 spiritually cleans$4 ,cyprian1 bi%op ( ,c>?age 7?ird c5tury71 9 8 treatise conc]n+ ! ,baptism ( ,h]etics1 tea*es ! same doctr9e 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r errone\s doctr9es & practises ,! limits ( ?is "w preclude ! hi/oric treatm5t ( ! rise & developm5t ( ! ho/ ( false doctr9es & practises t f9ally b\nd ! p 9 ! ?ralldom ( sup]/ition & plung$ ! _w into ! d>kness ( spiritual night4 ,"o :o is free f su* influ5ces c sc>cely read )\t feel+s ( disgu/ ! elaborate treatises ( ^! *ur* fa!rs :]e9 !y extol ! virtues ( virg9ity z =m+ a new ord] ( life1 z an evid5ce ( div9ity1 z mak+ virg9s :ile 9 ?is _w equal to ! angels ( ,god1 & z a c]ta9 surety ( special rew>ds 9 heav54 ,f ?is false /&>d proce$$ at l5g? ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy & monk]y ) all _! att5dant evils4 ,& ! "t w\ld fail me to tell ( ! introduction ( images & image-wor%ip 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* & ( t sup]/iti\s reg>d = mis]able relics ( e description & k9d4 ,true evangelical fai? 0 at l5g? lo/ to view1 buri$ b5ea? ! rubbi% ( m5's traditions4 ,! treatm5t ( su* matt]s1 h[ev]1 belongs to ! *ur* hi/orian1 & z ! g5]al facts are well-kn[n1 x is unnecess>y "h to make m ?an a brief ref]5ce to !m s z to prep>e ! m9d = t treatm5t ( ! re=mation :i* is a special object ( ! pres5t "w4 ,footnote ,a3 ,t]tullian is ! e>lie/ writ] t cle>ly & unmi/akably tea*es tr9e imm]sion1 or records its practise4 ,b "h he hone/ly confesses t x is a some:at ampl] pl$ge ?an ! ,"l has appo9t$ 9 ! gospel4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,rise ,,( ,,ecclesia/icism ,sid5ote3 ,two phases ( apo/acy ,9 ord] to und]/& ! place :i* ! "w ( re=mation has 9 ! plan & purpose ( ,god respect+ 8 *ur*1 we mu/ c>efully obs]ve ! tw(old "* ( ! apo/asy4 ,bo? ^! phases are cle>ly outl9$ 9 t rem>kable pr$iction ( ,paul to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 record$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ,second ,!ssalonians4 ,! fir/ phase1 describ$ z a fall+ away1 0 t decl9e f true ,*ri/ianity :i* we h consid]$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] z ! ,corruption ( ,evangelical ,fai?4 ,! second phase 0 ! rise & developm5t ( a =eign elem5t :i* 0 f its beg9n+ ! my/]y ( iniquity & :i* 9 c]ta9 respects usurp$ ! true place ( ,jehovah himself 9 spiritual wor%ip 9 ! temple ( ,god4 ,?is phase n[ dem&s our special att5tion4 ,s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury re=mation a l>ge "p ( ! ,*ri/ian _w has r5\nc$ ! "r ( ! pope to sit z ! supreme e>?ly head ( ! *ur*1 b we %all %[ lat] t ^! same mod]n ,*ri/ians :o h s\ght ! re/oration ( ! evangelical fai? h n disc>d$ ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! papal hi]>*ical sy/em1 b h p]petuat$ !m 9 _! own ecclesia/ical con/itutions1 & t ?is relic ( m$ievalism is ! *ief b>ri] to a reunit$ ,*ri/5dom & ! re/oration ( pure apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is highly ess5tial1 !re=e1 t ?is phase ( ! apo/asy be c>efully consid]$4 ,x is n en\gh to reject ! pope & 8 college ( c>d9als4 ,if t tree1 z judg$ by its fruits1 is an evil tree1 we %\ld seek to "k :]e1 :51 & by :om ! evil se$ f :i* x grew 0 fir/ plant$1 & !n reject x f ! roots up4 ,!n1 & n until !n1 c ! "w ( re=mation be made complete4 ,we h1 !re=e1 to trace ! rise & developm5t ( :at may be =cibly express$ by ! app>5tly pleona/ic phrase human ecclesia/icism4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e au?ority vs4 positional au?ority ,we h already se5 t 9 ! *ur*1 z orig9ally con/itut$1 organization1 au?ority1 & gov]nm5t proce$$ f ! div9e & n f ! human4 ,! ag5ts :om ,*ri/ us$ 9 p]=m+ 8 "w & 9 ov]see+ 8 *ur* 7 call$ & end[$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 & ?is div9e end[m5t 0 ! real basis ( _! au?ority & responsibility4 ,paul's au?ority & responsibility z an apo/le1 = example1 0 n positional au?ority1 or au?ority proce$+ f a c]ta9 position to :i* he _h be5 appo9t$ or elect$4 ,8 au?ority 0 div9e1 & out ( t div9e au?ority grew 8 positional responsibility z ! apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,ov] & ov] he affirm$ t he 0 an apo/le1 n ( m51 nei!r by man1 b by ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #a3a74 ,on ! same pr9ciple ! position1 "w1 & responsibility ( all ! memb]s ( ! body ( ,*ri/ grew out ( ! gifts & qualifications possess$ by !m1 & ?us ! *ur* 0 div9ely organiz$ & div9ely gov]n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al bond ( union ,! bonds :i* unit$ primitive ,*ri/ians 9 "o body 7 ess5tially moral & spiritual4 ,*ri/ 0 _! ev]-liv+ & ev]-act+ head4 ,_! life proce$$ f him1 & !y 7 all "o 9 him4 ,:ile ^? liv+ 9 widely sep>at$ di/ricts consult$ toge!r conc]n+ matt]s ( g5]al conc]n1 or unit$ 9 coop]ative ef=ts to accompli% common tasks1 !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce t !re 0 an ext]nal human organization ( ! primitive *ur*--ei!r sectionally1 nationally1 or univ]sally--c5traliz$ "u a human head%ip ( ! adm9i/rative1 legislative1 & judicial k9d4 ,*ri/ 0 ! head ( ! g5]al *ur*1 ! head ( all ! local *ur*es1 ! head ( all ! individual memb]s ( ! *ur*4 ,9 him1 ! s\rce ( _! common life1 ! primitive ,*ri/ians 7 ess5tially "o1 & by 8 ,_s he op]at$ 9 all he>ts1 9 all ! individual *ur*es1 & 9 all ! m9i/]s ^: p>ticul> gifts & qualifications fitt$ !m = div9ely appo9t$ ov]sight1 bo? local & g5]al4 ,by ?is means ! primitive *ur* 0 able to p]=m ! "w ( ,*ri/ h>moni\sly & pres5t to ! _w ! gr& spectacle ( "o body4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ /eps to ecclesia/icism ,jesus taught ! humble equality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t m9i/ry4 ,all ye are bre?r5 7,matt4 #bc3h74 ,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t !y 7 all ( "o g5]al ord] or rank1 al?\gh greatly div]sifi$ 9 gifts & qualifications & ! k9d ( "w accompli%$ by ea*4 ,! fir/ example we h 9 ,scripture ( positional au?ority 9 ! m9i/ry z di/+ui%$ f ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is ! case ( ,diotrephes1 ( :om ! apo/le ,john wrote 9 8 ?ird epi/le4 ,we are also in=m$ z to ! nature ( ! au?ority ex]cis$ by him & ! direction 9 :i* x l$4 ,x 0 human au?ority1 some?+ additional & =eign to ! au?ority & gov]nm5t ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! fir/ example ( *ur* gov]nm5t by a s+le man4 ,x proce$$ f ! evil root ( pride & ambition1 ! love ( preem95ce among ! bre?r52 & ?is usurp$ p[] & au?ority l$ to a judicial process by :i* innoc5t bre?r5 7 'ca/ out ( ! *ur*4' ,:at a contra/ ?is pres5ts to t ,new ,te/am5t picture ( ! div9e ecclesia1 exhibit+ ! highe/ =m ( human society kn[n to hi/ory1 a body 9 :i* e memb] _h 8 gift & use = x4 ,among ^! _m activities1 ov]sight & prea*+ _h _! place1 b did n con/itute ! :ole sum ( ,*ri/ian s]vice4 ,paul describes ,*ri/ z ! liv+ head f :om ! :ole body fitly jo9$ toge!r & compact$ by t :i* e jo9t supplie?1 accord+ to ! effectual work+ 9 ! measure ( e "p1 make? increase ( ! body unto ! edify+ ( itself 9 love 7,eph4 #d3af74 ,! object ( ! m9i/]ial function 0 ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts1 unto ! "w ( m9i/]+1 unto ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/ 7v]se #ab1 ,r4,v474 ,9 8 e>ly epi/le to ! ,philippians1 ,paul makes ref]5ce to ! (fic]s t guid$ t *ur*4 ,he s5ds greet+s to all ! sa9ts 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus :i* are at ,philippi1 ) ! bi%ops & deacons 7,phil4 #a3a74 ,polyc>p1 writ+ to ! same *ur* 9 ! next c5tury1 addresses ! presbyt]s & deacons1 %[+ t ! apo/olic ord] 0 /ill pres]v$ !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,bi%ops vs4 ,presbyt]s ,9 ! ,ignatian epi/les1 h[ev]1 writt5 e>ly 9 ! second c5tury1 !re appe>s positional au?ority ( a new ord]4 ,9 place ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /&>d ( a plurality ( eld]s1 or bi%ops1 jo9tly tea*+ & guid+ ! local *ur*1 we f9d recognition ( an (fice :i* 0 sup]ior to t ( ! presbyt]s & to ^: incumb5ts alone ! t]m bi%op 0 appli$4 ,a few extracts f 8 writ+s w make cle> ?is recognition ( a ?reefold ord] ( ! m9i/ry--bi%ops1 eld]s1 & deacons4 ,:]e=e1 x is fitt+ t ye %\ld run toge!r 9 accordance ) ! w ( y\r bi%op1 :i* ?+ also ye d4 ,= y\r ju/ly r5[n$ presbyt]y1 wor?y ( ,god1 is fitt$ exactly to ! bi%op z ! /r+s are to ! h>p 7,to ! ,ephesians1 *ap4 #d74 ,he is subject to ! bi%op z to ! grace ( ,god1 & to ! presbyt]y z to ! w ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,to ! ,magnesians1 *ap4 #b74 ,& aga91 9 ! same epi/le he says1 ,i exhort y to /udy to d all ?+s ) a div9e h>mony1 :ile y\r bi%op presides 9 ! place ( ,god1 & y\r presbyt]y 9 ! place ( ! assembly ( ! apo/les 7*ap4 #f74 ,9 l mann]1 let all rev]5ce ! deacons z ! appo9tm5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! bi%op z ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,son ( ! ,fa!r1 & ! presbyt]s z ! ,sanh$r9 ( ,god1 & assembly ( ! apo/les4 ,ap>t f ^! !re is no *ur* 7,to ! ,trallians1 *ap4 #c74 ,to ! ,smyrnaeans he writes3 ,see t ye all foll[ ! bi%op1 ev5 z ,jesus ,*ri/ does ! ,fa!r4444 ,let no man d any?+ connect$ ) ! *ur* )\t ! bi%op 7*ap4 #h74 ,x is n lawful )\t ! bi%op ei!r to baptize or to celebrate a love-fea/2 b :atsoev] he %all approve (1 t is also pleas+ to ,god 7*ap4 #h74 ,x is well to rev]5ce bo? ,god & ! bi%op4 ,he :o honors ! bi%op has be5 honor$ ( ,god2 b he :o does any?+ )\t ! k ( ! bi%op1 does 9 reality s]ve ! devil 7*ap4 #i74 ,t ?is e>ly recognition ( a sup]ior ord] ( m9i/]s 0 a di/9ct innovation is also %[n f ! lit]ature ( t p]iod4 ,9 ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 dat+ f ! fir/ "p ( ! second c5tury1 eld]s & presbyt]s are di/9ctly nam$ b no bi%op 9 contra/ !re)4 ,9 ! s-call$ ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 also dat+ f ! fir/ "p ( ! second c5tury1 bi%ops & deacons only are nam$ z tea*]s & lead]s ( ! *ur*1 %[+ t ! orig9al signification ( ! t]m bi%op is "h reta9$4 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 9 8 fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 speaks ( ! m9i/ry z an in/itution ( ! apo/les1 b he m5tions1 nev]!less1 only a tw(old ord]--eld]s & deacons1 presbyt]s & deacons1 or bi%ops & deacons4 ,! same classification is made 9 ! second epi/le ( ,clem5t to ! ,cor9?ians1 a "w :i* is g5]ally ascrib$ to ano!r au?or2 s also 9 ! epi/le ( ,polyc>p to ! ,philippians4 ,sid5ote3 ,innovation becomes g5]al ,! sup]ior (fice ( ! bi%op z di/+ui%$ f ! local presbyt]y 01 !re=e1 an innovation1 b 9 process ( "t its recognition became g5]al4 ,x is probable t 9 ! local presbyt]y ( ! primitive *ur* "s "o m9i/] excell$ 9 special gifts & qualifications & consequ5tly became a natural lead] ( 8 bre?r54 ,su* lead]%ip 0 ( ,god1 comes g5]al because x 0 bas$ on ! au?ority proce$+ f ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,su* 0 ! lead]%ip :i* ,paul held 9 a sph]e ( activity wid] ?an a local congregation4 ,b su* 0 n positional au?ority or au?ority proce$+ f a humanly creat$ sup]ior (fice & appo9tm5t !reto4 ,x 0 ( div9e ord]4 ,b ?is fact ( di/+ui%$ lead]%ip at fir/1 d\btless furni%$ an excuse = ! creation ( a di/9ct (fice ) c>efully def9$ functions & limits ( au?ority4 ,! p[] ( ! bi%op ?us con/itut$ advanc$ /eadily4 ,! *ur*es ( ! cities :]e !y 7 locat$ ext5d$ _! influ5ces ov] small] t[ns 9 ! surr\nd+ t]ritory1 & ?us ! city bi%op came to rule ov] ! eld]s ( ! less] *ur*es ( a di/rict4 ,sid5ote3 ,developm5t ( hi]>*y ,:5 ! fir/ /ep t[>d ecclesia/icism 0 def9itely tak51 by ! recognition ( (ficial position au?ority1 & gov]nm5t proce$+ f human appo9tm5t alone1 ! way 0 prep>$ = rapid progress t[>d a highly organiz$ sy/em ( man-rule4 ,:5 ! bi%ops met 9 prov9cial c\ncils1 special def]5ce 0 giv5 ^? bi%ops f cities ( great political importance1 & !y 7 exalt$ to ! presid5cy ( ^! c\ncils1 & ?is 9 "t l$ to ! recognition ( a new ord] ( *ur* (ficials--metropolitans4 ,lat] ! metropolitans seem$ too num]\s = g5]al utility 9 gov]nm5tal functions2 !re=e g5]al lead]%ip gradually became c5traliz$ m & m 9 ! bi%ops or metropolitans ( c]ta9 ( ! mo/ important cities1 until !y 7 f9ally giv5 recognition z an ord] sup]ior to t ( metropolitans & 7 /yl$ patri>*s4 ,! fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,nice recogniz$ ?is sup]ior au?ority possess$ by ! patri>*ates ( ,alex&ria1 ,rome1 & ,antio*4 ,! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople plac$ ! bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! same rank ) ! o!r ?ree patri>*s1 & ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on exalt$ ! see ( ,j]usalem to a simil> dignity4 ,! race = lead]%ip betwe5 ! patri>*ates !n began4 ,on acc\nt ( ! ,moslem invasion 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 ,j]usalem1 ,alex&ria1 & ,antio* fell away f _! =m] positions ( greatness2 !re=e ! rivalry = lead]%ip 0 h5ce=? betwe5 ! see ( ,rome & ! bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,rome possess$ _m natural advantages1 & consequ5tly ! bi%op ( ,rome ga9$ ! great] pre/ige4 ,! full-fl$g$ papacy 0 ! result4 ,sid5ote3 ,fundam5tal causes ,:at produc$ t transition f ! humble apo/olic *ur* ( ! bre?r5 to ! m$ieval *ur* ( ! impi\s ,hildebr&1 :o caus$ mon>*s to tremble on _! ?rones8 ,! *ange result$ f two p>ticul> causes1 & x is highly ess5tial to our purpose t we und]/& !m4 ,"o 0 a misconception bo? ( ! ,fundam5tal con/itution ( ! true *ur* itself z design$ by its ,f\nd] & ( ,*ri/'s p]petual relation%ip to x2 & ! second 0 ! imp]iali/ic t5d5cies ( t age to :i* ! fir/ error naturally expos$ ! *ur*4 ,x is unnecess>y "h to recite at l5g? t conception ( ! primitive *ur* :i* we h describ$ 9 prec$+ *apt]s z ! concrete expression ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,su* 0 ! only true ca?olic1 or univ]sal1 *ur*4 ,its ca?olicity1 h[ev]1 0 a moral & spiritual dom9ion ex]cis$ ov] m5 by ! tru? & ,_s ( ,god1 & 0 r5d]$ visible only 9 ! society ( r$eem$ believ]s :o held ! tru? & bore its appropriate fruits ( righte\sness4 ,be+ compos$ ( ! r$eem$1 x lov+ly embrac$ )9 its memb]%ip ! entire bro!rhood ( ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,two !ories ( ca?olicity ,x is n too mu* to say t 9 ! age 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity fir/ appe>$ x 0 difficult = m5 to appreciate ! conception ( a purely moral & spiritual au?ority :i* 0 to be univ]sal & p]petual4 ,ano!r idea ( ca?olicity soon began to take possession ( m5's m9ds--! idea ( a temporal & e>?ly organization ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,9 ?is conception ( ! *ur* ! bond ( union 0 n moral & spiritual--n ! inevitable result ( div9e life & love 9 ! individual memb]s--b its pret5d$ ca?olicity 0 to be secur$ by (ficial1 adm9i/rative1 legislative1 & judicial functions "u a human head%ip & a self-p]petuat+ human magi/racy4 ,su* 0 ! my/]y ( iniquity1 & 9 its develop$ =m hi/orically x 0 ! man ( s94 ,! /ud5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t c easily see t ! great ,f\nd] nev] int5d$ t ! b\nd>y ( 8 *ur* %\ld be det]m9$ by ! adm9i/rative functions ( a self-p]petuat+ cl]ical corporation4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! real *ur* embraces ! entire spiritual bro!rhood1 & out ( ?is spiritual memb]%ip 0 develop$ by ! ,_s ( ,god ! capacity & au?ority to tea*1 guide1 & in/ruct4 ,:at a contra/ ^! two conceptions pres5t6 ,sid5ote3 ,! p[] ( ! keys ,out ( t worldly conception ( ! k+dom ( ,god grew ! ,romi% figm5t ( ! p[] ( ! keys4 ,accord+ to ?is idea1 ,*ri/ con/itut$ 8 m9i/]s a sort ( cl]ical1 close corporation inve/$ ) direct au?ority ov] s\ls s t )\t _! prie/ly m$iation ! k+dom ( heav5 is =ev] %ut aga9/ m54 ,! words keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5 7,matt4 #af3ai7 are evid5tly no?+ m ?an a figurative expression indicat+ ! moral influ5ce 9 ! k+dom :i* ,pet] 9 p>ticul> %\ld wield ) peculi> en]gy & effici5cy4 ,accord+ to ,matt4 #ah3ah all ! apo/les & o!rs 7 to ex]cise ! same functions4 ,9 "t1 ?is expression d5ot+ moral influ5ce & usefulness 9 ! s]vice ( ,*ri/ 0 tortur$ into an eng9e ( despotism & made ! means ( spiritual tyranny ov] ! consci5ces ( millions ( m5 & wom54 ,! corporation entru/$ ) su* p[] dur/ n be resi/$1 & ! *ur* 0 id5tical ) ! hi]>*y4 ,b all ( ,rome's boa/$ ca?olicity1 c5traliz$ 9 an (ficial1 adm9i/rative corporation1 is a *im]a2 = x is a fact t multitudes are accept$ ( ,god z memb]s ( ! div9e family :o are n id5tifi$ ) ! hi]>*y4 ,! real ca?olic *ur*1 embrac+ ! :ole spiritual bro!rhood1 is !re=e some?+ else4 ,sid5ote3 ,ma9 s\rce ( ecclesia/icism ,b we h n yet rea*$ 9 ?is discussion ! tap-root ( ! evil tree ( human ecclesia/icism4 ,! fundam5tal error und]ly+ all o!r errors on ?is subject1 0 ! idea ( an abs5t ,*ri/4 ,not)/&+ ! def9ite ass]tions ( our ,"l1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w & ,:]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m--not)/&+ ^! reassur+ promises & ! def9ite /atem5ts ( ! apo/les :i* repres5t ,*ri/ z ! ev]-liv+ & ev]-act+ head ( ! *ur*1 soon aft] ! apo/olic p]iod m5 lo/ ! consci\sness ( ! div9e pres5ce & began to ?9k & to act z if ,*ri/ 7 inde$ abs5t & w\ld n return aga9 = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,! pres5ce ( gigantic evils 9 ! _w ) no app>5t available means ( r$ress+ !m1 ! dead weight ( hea!nism1 & ! di/urb+ influ5ces ( speculative ,ori5tal philosophies impress$ ^u ! consci5ce ( ! _w a despair+ pessimism4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is trial !re 0 a revival ( ! ,platonic philosophy4 ,! treatise ( ,plato t made ! mo/ pr(\nd impression ^u ! religi\s ?\ght ( ! second c5tury 0 ! ,timaeus1 :]e9 ! ,deity is pictur$ z )drawn f ! _w into a di/ant heav5 sep>at$ f all creation because ( ! evil ) :i* matt] is ess5tially connect$4 ,) ,god )drawn f ! _w & ,*ri/ abs5t on a long j\rney1 :at 0 man to d8 ,:at 0 ! hope ( ! _w8 ,"h ecclesia/icism f\nd its real opportunity4 ,"h human au?ority & gov]nm5t c\ld be & 0 sub/itut$ = t spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/ :i* gave life1 =m1 & "* to 8 *ur* 9 primitive days4 ,"h grew up t conception ( ! *ur* z id5tical ) ! hi]>*y ^: p[] & au?ority 0 h&$ d[n by direct desc5t f ! apo/les & )\t ^: prie/ly m$iation !re 0 no hope ( salvation4 ,"h 0 introduc$ ! idea ( _w-wide c5tralization ( adm9i/rative1 legislative1 & judicial functions 9 a self-p]petuat+ human head%ip4 ,:at a contra/6 ,) ,*ri/ abs5t1 ! *ur* an ark = ! sav+ ( ! _w1 ! tru? a m]e deposit made to ! *ur* = safe keep+ to be h&$ d[n l a heirloom f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & ) a self-p]petuat+ prie/ly corporation z ma/] ( ! de/9ies ( ! univ]se1 we are prep>$ to und]/& ! tyrannical rule ( ! *ur* ( ,hildebr& & ,innoc5t ,,iii4 ,trac$ to its s\rce1 ?is evil sy/em is f\nd to h sprung f t worldly conception ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 sub/itut$ = ! inconceivably gr&] conception ( its ,f\nd]--a k+dom ^: dom9ion is moral & spiritual "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( ,*ri/ himself 9 all ages1 & :i* embraces 9 its memb]%ip ! entire spiritual bro!rhood4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,re=mation ,! age ( pop]y's greate/ glory 0 ! _w's midnight4 ,i h n attempt$ to give an adequate description ( t long reign ( sup]/ition & error prec$+ ! re=mation ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,su* is ! p>ticul> prov9ce ( ecclesia/ical hi/orians4 ,i h simply conf9$ ! discussion to c]ta9 features ess5tial to our pres5t purpose4 ,"o po9t ( importance ,i h endeavor$ to impress1 namely1 t ! papal hi]>*y1 ) all its att5dant evils1 corruption1 sup]/ition1 & spiritual despotism1 0 ! logical successor ( ! ,ante-,nic5e *ur*2 t ! rip5$ fruits ( papalism 7 ! direct results ( ! se$s ( error plant$ 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,9 view ( ?is fact1 "o is l$ to inquire :y true ,*ri/ianity 0 n p]man5tly buri$ 9 oblivion beyond ! possibility ( resurrection1 h[ any re=mation c\ld be possible4 ,if ,*ri/ianity 7 no?+ m ?an a human religion1 its re=mation at su* a p]iod ( decl9e & corruption w\ld appe> impossible4 ,b ,*ri/ianity 0 ( div9e orig94 ,no matt] h[ deeply x 0 buri$ "u ! rubbi% ( human tradition & sup]/ition1 no matt] h[ grossly x 0 p]v]t$ & misund]/ood by m51 x /ill reta9$ )9 itself ! vital sp>k ( div9e life1 ! liv+ pr9ciple ( re=mation4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ cause ( re=mation ,! secret ( ?is re=matory p[] 0 ,jesus ,*ri/ himself1 ! great ev]-liv+ head ( ! *ur*4 ,not)/&+ ! decl9e ( fai? & morals among ^? pr(ess+ ,*ri/1 ! wond]ful "* ( ,jesus /ill /ood out ) rem>kable cle>ness & p[] 9 ! records ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & c\ld n b ex]t a trem5d\s influ5ce 9 spite ( prevail+ /&>ds2 c\ld n b %$ rays ( light & w>m? 9 ! mid/ ( ! surr\nd+ d>kness4 ,al?\gh m5's ideas ( ! *ur* became p]v]t$1 !y c\ld n entirely lose sight ( ! great ,f\nd] ( ! *ur*1 & !y c\ld n escape ! conviction t ! record ( ! f\nd+ ( t *ur* 0 giv5 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & t ^! writ+s 7 wor?y ( peculi> v5]ation4 ,p]haps ?is is ! ma9 reason :y ! le>n+ ( antiquity 0 *iefly pres]v$ 9 mona/]ies & *ur*es4 ,!re 7 ecclesia/ics 9 all ^! ages :o 7 acqua9t$ ) ! ,scriptures 9 ,lat91 & ?is acqua9tance t5d$ to pres]ve ! k ( ,jesus ! ,*ri/ z portray$ 9 ! orig9al gospel records4 ,! hi/ory ( t epo* proves t !re 7 m5 :o lov$ ! ,"l m ?an prie/ly =ms & c]emonial obs]vances4 ,john ,wyclif1 ,j]ome ( ,prague1 ,john ,huss1 & o!rs exp]i5c$ t deep] long+ = p]sonal relation%ip ) ,*ri/1 & !y proclaim$ ! gospel ( ,*ri/ 9 a mann] t c\ld n be und]/ood by ! hi]>*y ( _! times4 ,sid5ote3 ,classical le>n+ ,jesus 0 inde$ ! ,*ri/ ( ,god4 ,! light :i* %one =? f 8 pres5ce c\ld n be totally obscur$1 & ! moral p[] & influ5ce ( 8 life & tea*+ c\ld n be de/roy$4 ,! revival ( classical le>n+ re/or$ ! ,greek ,te/am5t to we/]n ,europe & attract$ ! att5tion ( /ud5ts & le>n$ m5 9 all ! mona/]ies & univ]sities4 ,:ile ! hi]>*y insi/$ on ! exclusive "r to int]pret ! ,scriptures1 ! simple read+ ( ^! wond]ful records c\ld n b create new conceptions ( tru? :i* no cl]ical prohibition c\ld bani%4 ,life 0 spr++ up 9 ! mid/ ( dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,love = tru? ,! ,re=mation 0 ! s9c]e ef=t ( hone/ m5 to re/ore ! tru? ( primitive ,*ri/ianity1 t ! _w might aga9 exp]i5ce ! triumph ( evangelical fai?4 ,to ! ev]la/+ cr$it ( ! ,cont95tal re=m]s be x said t _! motives 7 n selfi%4 ,!y s\ght n = !mselves fre$om ( ?\ght & spee* nor *ur* p[]4 ,_! imm$iate object 0 ! re/oration ( ! gospel2 all o!r results 7 b second>y4 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t at ! fir/ ,lu!r _h no idea ( assail+ ! organization ( ! papal *ur*4 ,mo/ ( ! re=m]s at ! fir/ /ill believ$ mo/ e>ne/ly 9 ! imp]ial gov]nm5t ( ! univ]sal *ur*2 & !y rel9qui%$ ?is long-*]i%$ ideal only :5 driv5 by =ce ( circum/ances :i* 7 at fir/ unse5 & unsuspect$4 ,lu!r did n at fir/ "q ! doctr9e ( ! supremacy ( ! pope2 b :5 he f\nd t ! reign+ pope c\ld n be reconcil$ ) ! pr9ciples ( tru? :i* he taught1 ,lu!r propos$ to appeal ! matt]s 9 "q to a g5]al c\ncil1 not)/&+ ! melan*oly example1 a c5tury e>li]1 ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance & ! fate ( ,john ,huss & ,j]ome ( ,prague4 ,sid5ote3 ,indulg5ces ,! real occasion = ! outbreak ( ! ,re=mation 0 ! papal traffic 9 indulg5ces4 ,leo ,x _h great ne$ ( money = ! build+ ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 & o!r und]tak+s1 & 9 ord] to fill ! c(f]s ( ! *ur* he _h rec\rse to ! sale ( indulg5ces4 ,! p[] ( disp5s+ ^! indulg5ces 9 ,saxony 9 ,g]many 0 committ$ to a ,dom9ican fri> nam$ ,tetzel1 a fanatical en?usia/ :o ent]ta9$ ! mo/ extravagant notions conc]n+ _! efficacy 9 =giv+ n only ! s9s already committ$ b ev5 ^? :i* 7 contemplat$4 ,lu!r's s\l burn$ ) righte\s indignation4 ,( :at use 0 ! doctr9e t =giv5ess ( s9 came by ! dea? ( ,*ri/ on ! cross if any s9n] c\ld obta9 x f an emiss>y ( ! pope = a pecuni>y consid]ation4 ,lu!r felt t ?is infam\s traffic 0 mak+ ! ,^w ( ,god ( none effect4 ,he !re=e drew up n9ety-five !ses aga9/ ! doctr9e ( indulg5ces & nail$ !m on ! *ur*-door at ,witt5b]g4 ,! pr9t+-press scatt]$ copies ( ^! !ses ev]y:]e1 & soon ! cont95t ( ,europe 0 9 a blaze ( controv]sy4 ,su*1 9 %ort1 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation & "s ( ! causes lead+ !reto4 ,sid5ote3 ,gospel /&>d s\ght ,! key-note ( ! re=m]s 01 !re=e1 ! gospel4 ,! views ( ! re=m]s ) respect to tru? 7 n altoge!r h>moni\s1 & x is evid5t t "s ( !m _h mu* cle>] conception ( ! gospel ?an _h o!rs4 ,nev]!less1 _! prim>y purpose 0 ! same4 ,!y 7 gradually =c$ to ! conviction t ,rome _h made ! fai? ( ,god ( none effect by h] traditions1 errors1 & sup]/itions1 s mu* s z to make x practically unkn[n4 ,x 0 ! purpose ( ^! h]oic prea*]s to br+ out ^! long-obscur$ tru?s & ?us make !m effectual 9 ! sav+ ( m54 ,! ma9 doctr9e ar\nd :i* ! ,re=mation c5t]$ 0 ju/ification by fai? indep5d5t ( human m$iation4 ,s f> z ! ,re=mation re/or$ to ! _w "r doctr9e1 x t5d$ to correct ! evils ( t phase ( ! apo/asy :i* we h *>act]iz$ z ! corruption ( evangelical fai?4 ,b x did n remove t o!r evil *>act]i/ic ( ! apo/asy1 ! p>5t ( ne>ly all o!r evils--human ecclesia/icism4 ,view$ f "o angle1 t p[] appe>s to h be5 modifi$2 b f ano!r po9t ( view1 we c see t :at 0 =m]ly an imp]ial sy/em ( c5traliz$ ecclesia/ical control simply end$ n[ 9 nationally c5traliz$ sy/ems p]petuat+ ! same pr9ciples4 ,?us1 f ! c5traliz$ dom9ion ( ! papal hi]>*y !re sprang ! national1 or /ate1 *ur*es 9 ,switz]l&1 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,engl&1 ,sw$51 & ,scotl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,l+]+ influ5ce ( ,rome ,we h already %[n t developm5t ( ecclesia/icism :i* culm9at$ 9 ! papacy4 ,f ! primitive autonomy ( ! local *ur*es1 !re came ! c5tralization & consolidation ( *ur*es sectionally "u a human head%ip ) adm9i/rative functions1 !n prov9cial or national c5tralization1 !n f9ally ! primacy ( ,rome ov] !m all4 ,! reason = ?is is evid5t4 ,:5 ! moral & spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/'s k+dom 0 lo/ to view or c\ld n be appreciat$1 ! wrong conception ( ! *ur* z a _w-empire naturally took possession ( m5's m9ds2 = 9 t age va/1 c5traliz$1 imp]ial p[] 0 ! ideal gov]nm5t4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! political empire fell1 & m5 witness$ ! ru9 ( _! political ideal1 !y s\ght to realize ! same univ]sal conception 9 a _w-*ur* possess+ imp]ial p[]s "u ! pope ( ,rome4 ,sid5ote3 ,national *ur*es ,at ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation ! ,*ri/ian _w _h be5 9 ! grip ( ?is _w-*ur* idea = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,z already /at$1 ! re=m]s1 ^: m9ds 7 direct$ *iefly t[>d ! re/oration ( evangelical doctr9e1 _h at fir/ no idea ( break+ away f ?is /&>d4 ,evid5tly !y _h no conception ( t moral & spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/ by :i* alone he gov]ns 8 *ur*--a 'k+dom t is n ( ?is _w4' ,!y !re=e ab&on$ ! _w-*ur* idea reluctantly1 & n until ! opposition ( ! hi]>*y drove !m to sep>ation4 ,:5 ! issue 0 cle>ly drawn1 !y ( c\rse decid$ to obey ,god r ?an man4 ,hav+ no idea ( ! real spiritual "* ( ! div9e ecclesia1 !y _h to cont5t !mselves ) t national *ur* unity :i* 0 /ill 9 _! p[]4 ,! cl]gy1 :o _h long be5 accu/om$ to ! imp]ial tie1 believ$ t a national head%ip 0 n[ necess>y4 ,! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe at t "t 7 = ! mo/ "p absolute mon>*ies1 ab\t ! only limits to ! sov]eign p[] ( ^! k+s be+ ! control :i* ! pope ex]cis$ ov] ! ecclesia/ical affairs ( ! nations4 ,f ?is control ! ,re=mation lib]at$ !m4 ,!re=e !y eag]ly took ^u !mselves ! ov]sight ( ! national *ur*es1 & ?us came into exi/5ce ! *ur*-&-/ate sy/em ( ,prote/ant ,europe4 ,to a great ext5t ! p[] t ! imp]ial head ( ! *ur* lo/ 0 acquir$ by ! national heads4 ,all ?is seem$ p]fectly consi/5t to ! re=m]s4 ,!y felt ! necessity ( lodg+ some:]e t p[] ( human control :i* _h be5 =m]ly ex]cis$ by ! pope4 ,z "o writ] has said1 ,!y c\ld n und]/& t ,*ri/ianity c\ld prosp] )\t a /rongly organiz$ & gov]n$ *ur* or )\t ! pres5ce ( a /rong & vigor\s h& ready at all times to repress diss5t & en=ce uni=mity ( fai? & wor%ip4 ,! "t ( absolute religi\s fre$om 0 n yet4 ,sid5ote3 ,ecclesia/icism p]petuat$ ,z might be expect$1 num]\s modifications ( ! pr9ciples & usages ( ! papal *ur* occurr$ 9 ! *ange f imp]ial control to ! /ate-*ur* sy/em4 ,?is div]sity took place 9 ! diff]5t c\ntries 9 accordance ei!r ) prevail+ conditions & s5tim5ts or ) ! :ims & caprices ( ! reign+ sov]eigns4 ,:ile "s reta9$ ! episcopate1 o!rs greatly modifi$ x or reject$ x altoge!r4 ,9 =ms ( wor%ip1 ritual1 & o!r ?+s num]\s *anges 7 also made4 ,b not)/&+ ! div]sity 9 =ms ( wor%ip & 9 *ur* polity1 9 two respects !re 0 p]fect agreem5t among all ! ,re=m$ *ur*es--two ?+s br\ght ov] f ! papacy--namely1 fir/1 ! idea ( a self-p]petuat+ cl]ical ca/e possess+ 9 _! corporate capacity legislative & judicial au?ority ov] ! *ur*2 & second1 ! c5tralization "u a human head%ip ( adm9i/rative functions1 in/ead ( t local autonomy :i* prevail$ 9 ! congregations ( apo/olic times4 ,! doctr9e ( ! p[] ( ! keys1 a p[] wield$ by a cl]ical corporation ) au?ority to prescribe ! v mann] & =m ( wor%ip+ ,god & to require m5 to comply !re) or else exclude !m f gospel privileges4 ,t doctr9e 0 accept$ )\t "q4 ,x 0 ! same p[] 9 pr9ciple z t :i* 0 wield$ s t]ribly by ,gregory ,,vii 9 ! papal *ur* ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,mod]n ,,sects ,sid5ote3 ,a m5tal picture ,picture a ke5 obs]v] liv+ 9 ! middle ( ! fir/ c5tury ( our era4 ,he travels ab\t f place to place /udy+ ! developm5t1 nature1 & fruits ( ! rec5tly e/abli%$ religi\s ph5om5on--,*ri/ianity4 ,he obs]ves ! purity ( its doctr9es & ! high moral /&>d exemplifi$ 9 ! lives ( its adh]5ts1 & he inquires p>ticul>ly conc]n+ ! secret ( t my/]i\s bond :i* unites 9 "o body & 9 "o fell[%ip1 sympa?y1 & love ! entire society ( believ]s 9 ,jesus4 ,he dep>ts4 ,aft] ! lapse ( long ages he returns ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 & lo1 :at is x t meets 8 a/oni%$ vision8 ,! m\rnful spectacle ( a divid$ ,*ri/5dom2 ( rival sects compass+ l& & sea to make proselytes2 ( ! spiritual ali5ation ( ^? :o1 9 reality1 belong to ! "o div9e family2 ( wa/e & ineffici5cy 9 me?ods ( evangelical ef=t2 n to m5tion ! error1 pride1 & worldl9ess inh]5t 9 ! gigantic ecclesia/ical sy/ems kn[n z d5om9ational *ur*es4 ,:at a *ange6 ,x is useless to m9imize ! evils inh]5t 9 ! sect sy/em4 ,intellig5t m5 ! _w ov] ne$ n ! s]vices ( an eye-speciali/ to see cle>ly t !re is some?+ wrong ) mod]n ,*ri/5dom2 t ! sect sy/em does n repres5t ! /&>d ( primitive ,*ri/ianity1 b t 9 reality ! sect pr9ciple misrepres5ts ! apo/olic ideal z portray$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we may z well face ! facts hone/ly & seek = a rem$y = ?is disease t has s long m>r$ ! beauty & corrupt$ ! nature ( ! true ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,inh]5t evils ,i *e]fully admit t ,god has work$ among 8 p 9 all ages 9 accordance ) ! degree ( light & tru? :i* !y possess$4 ,b ,i c n =get t ! greate/ revivals ( evangelical religion h ei!r tak5 place 9 spite ( ! sect sy/em or among ^? :o _h j made _! escape f ! bondage ( ecclesia/ical despotism & _h n z yet become v deeply affect$ by ! sect>ian pr9ciple4 ,to :at s\rce1 !n1 are we to trace sects8 ,:at is _! cause8 ,sid5ote3 ,alleg$ causes ( sect-mak+ ,a l>ge proportion ( ! ,*ri/ian _w w\ld reply )\t hesitation t ! exi/5ce ( ! mod]n sects is due to ^! two ?+s3 ! pr9ciple ( religi\s lib]ty & ! limitations ( human k4 ,su* an answ] reveals a sup]ficial view ( ! :ole subject4 ,religi\s lib]ty among ,*ri/ians exi/$ 9 ! primitive *ur* be=e ! rise ( ecclesia/ical tyranny ov] ! consci5ce1 & ! masses ( m5 9 ^? days 7 at lea/ z limit$ 9 k z are we4 ,/ill1 ! *ur* 0 "o2 x 0 n divid$ into rival & ho/ile sects4 ,!re 0 no ne$ 9 ^? days ( con/ruct+ *ur*es to con=m to ! limit$ capacity ( m5's m9ds2 = !re 0 already 9 exi/5ce a *ur* suffici5tly ca?olic 9 its nature & _s to accommodate all classes ( m9ds1 because !re 0 9 op]ation ! p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god :i* reveal$ tru? to m5 & ?us enlight5$ _! m9ds & br\ght !m into h>mony ) ! div9e /&>d4 ,conc]n+ ! pr9ciple ( religi\s lib]ty1 ,i %all h m to say h]eaft]4 ,sid5ote3 ,human limitations ,! natural limitations ( human k may acc\nt = diff]5ce ( op9ion1 b m ?an ?is is requir$ to acc\nt = ! entire sy/em ( organiz$ sects su* z we see x today4 ,millions ( evangelical ,*ri/ians possess+ spiritual aff9ity & hold+ op9ions no m div]g5t ?an (t5 exi/ betwe5 memb]s ( ! same sect1 are1 nev]!less1 divid$ into indep5d5t1 rival p>ties4 ,some?+ else orig9at$ & n[ p]petuates t b>ri] betwe5 !m4 ,:5 diff]5ces are fundam5tal & !re=e unavoidable1 !y w become m pron\nc$ "u te/ ?an at any o!r "t4 ,if1 dur+ an epidemic1 a physician believes t ! me?od ( treatm5t employ$ by ano!r doctor is actually kill+ ! pati5ts1 8 opposition to su* a me?od w !n he /rong] ?an at any o!r "t4 ,z long z t me?od is simply a !ory1 x is h>mless4 ,only :5 put into practise does x become dang]\s4 ,x is a matt] ( common k t evangelical ,*ri/ians are n driv5 fur!r ap>t b are really driv5 toge!r :5ev] ,*ri/ianity itself is plac$ "u any special trial1 z1 = example1 9 =eign mission>y "w 9 hea!n l&s4 ,& ev5 9 our own c\ntry1 :5ev] a great local int]e/ is tak5 9 ! "w ( s\l-sav+ !re is a correspond+ t5d5cy = ,*ri/ians ( diff]5t sects to ignore _! diff]5ces ( op9ion & get toge!r z if !y believ$ 9 a common ,"l ov] all & 7 all memb]s ( ! same family4 ,?us1 :5ev] ! high tide ( evangelism comes 91 ! l&m>ks ( sects are sc>cely visible2 b :5ev] ! tide goes out1 behold1 ! anci5t b\nd>ies ( sects appe> z be=e4 ,?is fact proves t !re are no fundam5tal reasons :y sects %\ld exi/4 ,x proves t 9 reality sects are a b>ri] to ! true "w ( ,*ri/2 h5ce are1 9 _! ess5tial nature1 anti*ri/ian4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! real cause ( sects'8 ,trac$ to ! orig9al s\rce1 mod]n sects1 we f9d1 orig9at$ :]e ! papacy orig9at$--9 ! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! e>ly c5turies4 ,all came f ! same roots ( error4 ,sid5ote3 ,true causes ( sects ,h[ev] modifi$ & div]sifi$ 9 ext]nal =m & 9 doctr9al tea*+ !y may n[ be1 !y exhibit 9 _! ecclesia/ical con/itutions a =eign "* d]iv$ f ! =eign /ock f :i* !y sprang4 ,into ?is sy/em !re h be5 engraft$ _m noble scions ( tru? f ! good olive-tree1 & ^! h produc$ comm5dable fruits ( righte\sness4 ,b we are "h conc]n$ ) po9t+ out ^? fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! sy/em t are =eign to ! true *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,errone\s ideas ( ! *ur* ,! fir/ cause to :i* ,i call att5tion is an errone\s conception ( ! *ur* itself4 ,at ! co/ ( "s repetition ,i mu/ po9t out t 9 ! beg9n+ ! *ur* 0 ! univ]sal company ( ! r$eem$1 ! :ole spiritual bro!rhood1 :e!r isolat$ memb]s ( ,*ri/ or ^? wor%ip+ 9 local assemblies di/ribut$ ov] ! e>?4 ,! tie :i* unit$ ^! memb]s ( ,*ri/ 9 "o body 0 _! common fai? 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! life ( ! ,_s4 ,b z 9 ^? times va/ c5traliz$ imp]ial p[] 0 a div9ity t e "o wor%ip$1 x 0 impossible prop]ly to appreciate ! moral & spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/ by :i* alone he design$ to rule 8 *ur*2 !re=e m5 soon proce$$ to patt]n ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ aft] ! political gov]nm5t1 fir/ by gr\p+ toge!r "u "o adm9i/rative human head%ip ! congregations ( a prov9ce or section ( ! empire1 & !n f9ally unit+ ^! diff]5t prov9ces "u "o adm9i/rative head%ip at ,rome4 ,f t day until ! pres5t "t ! *ur*-idea t has g5]ally prevail$ 9 ,*ri/5dom has be5 an organization fa%ion$ accord+ to ! k+doms ( ?is _w2 a human organization 9 :i* ! adm9i/rative functions ( gov]nm5t are c5traliz$ "u "s =m ( human head%ip2 a unity t is n moral & spiritual1 b (ficial & adm9i/rative1 z well z legislative & judicial4 ,sid5ote3 ,wrong /&>d ( *ur*-memb]%ip ,co9cid5t ) ! creation ( =eign ideals conc]n+ *ur* societies 0 ! =mation ( ( a =eign idea ( *ur*-memb]%ip & *ur*-relation%ip4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 z we h %[n1 ! *ur* 0 simply ! div9e family4 ,!re=e salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/ 0 its sole condition ( memb]%ip4 ,& ! ,"l add$ to !m day by day ^? t 7 be+ sav$ 7,acts #b3dg1 ,r4,v474 ,& z ! local congregation 0 b ! concrete expression ( ! ideals ( ! g5]al body or *ur*1 t memb]%ip 9 ,*ri/ :i* made m5 memb]s ( ! g5]al body1 made !m1 by a moral & spiritual law1 memb]s ( all ! o!r memb]s ( ,*ri/1 & !re=e fix$ _! local relation%ip3 !y belong$ by div9e "r ) :i*ev] company ( believ]s !y happ5$ to be associat$4 ,no?+ m ?an simple recognition ( :at ,god _h done = !m & ! accord+ to !m ( ! local rights & privileges t naturally belong$ to !m 0 necess>y on ! "p ( a local congregation to make ! actual union complete4 ,! wrong conception ( ! con/itution ( ! *ur* necess>ily requir$ ano!r /&>d ( *ur*-memb]%ip4 ,:5 *ur* came to signify m]ely a gr\p ( congregations consolidat$ "u a c5traliz$ human head%ip possess+ adm9i/rative1 legislative1 & judicial functions 7s organiz$ z to di/+ui% x f all o!r organiz$ gr\ps or congregations71 simple memb]%ip 9 ,*ri/ 0 insuffici5t to m>k ! conv]t ) ! /amp ( d5om9ational individuality4 ,salvation itself made no "o a memb] ( a *ur* fa%ion$ accord+ to ! k+doms ( ?is _w4 ,consequ5tly ano!r /&>d ( memb]%ip 0 necess>y1 a /&>d :i* requir$ acceptance ( & con=mity to ! self-made rules & regulations ( t =eign society call$ a *ur*4 ,& :5 ^! e>?-born in/itutions became id5tifi$ 9 ! public m9d ) ! real *ur* ( ,*ri/ & memb]%ip 9 !m became confus$ ) memb]%ip 9 ! true *ur* ( ,god1 ! natural result 0 t millions compli$1 9 a =mal mann] at lea/1 ) ! conditions ( ! c\nt]feit *ur* memb]%ip :o nev] knew :at x meant to be vitally jo9$ to ,*ri/4 ,9 ?is we see ! evil fruit :i* grew on t tree ( error4 ,! multitudes t h be5 by ?is means deceiv$ ) ! ?\ght t !y 7 ,*ri/ians1 only to be lo/ at la/1 w n be kn[n until t awful day ( f9al reckon+4 ,sid5ote3 ,divisive nature ( ! cre$s ,! =mation ( cre$s t5ds to create division & to p]petuate division4 ,cs>'s maxim illu/rates _! hi/ory3 ,soldi]s w raise money1 & money w make soldi]s4 ,s cre$s w make sects1 & sects w make cre$s4 ,a cre$ or confession ( fai? is an ecclesia/ical docum5t--! m9d & w ( "s synod or c\ncil possess+ au?ority--z a t]m ( communion by :i* p]sons & op9ions are to be te/$1 approbat$ or reprobat$4 ,! sect *ur*es are built on _! cre$s1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !y affirm t _! cre$s are built on ! ,bible4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 x is usually app>5t to ! c>eful obs]v] t ! ,bible is t "p ( ! f\ndation :i* is buri$ out ( sight bel[ ! gr\nd4 ,! cre$ is ! real te/ appli$ to p]sons1 ! measure by :i* _! op9ions are judg$4 ,x is ! cre$ ^u :i* ! sect is built t gives ! d5om9ational "* & di/9ctiv5ess4 ,x is a fact ( hi/ory t ! prim>y purpose ( ! hi/orical cre$s 0 n to unite m5 b to sep>ate !m4 ,! ,nic5e ,cre$ 0 made to exclude ! ,arians4 ,! ,decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7 fram$ to exclude ,prote/ants2 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession1 to exclude ,arm9ians2 & ! ,episcopal ,articles1 to exclude ,ca?olics & ,indep5d5ts4 ,to rally ar\nd a cre$ fram$ by human au?ority & make x ! basis ( union is b to tea* a sy/em--a sect sy/em2 b to rally ar\nd ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & make him ! supreme object ( our fai?1 hope1 & love is to cont5d = :at ! ,bible t]ms ! fai?1 ! tru?1 ! gospel4 ,?is is inf9itely bett] ?an any docum5t proce$+ f ,nicea1 ,tr5t1 ,dort1 ,augsburg1 or ,we/m9/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( ! keys ,ano!r cause1 bo? = ! orig9 ( ! sect sy/em & its p]petuation1 is ! assum$ p[] ( ! keys :i* has be5 c>ri$ ov] f ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,! idea t ! adm9i/rative rule & gov]nm5t ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ has be51 by div9e decree1 c5traliz$ 9 a self-p]petuat+ cl]ical ca/e ) au?ority to legislate = ! *ur* & !n to en=ce its decisions by judicial proc$ure1 is =eign to ! primitive *ur* z record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is a product ( ,papalism1 & yet x has be51 9 its ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 transf]r$ directly to ! sects ( ,prote/antism4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t recognizes no su* human positional au?ority4 ,x recognizes only t div9e au?ority :i* op]ates ?r\gh ,god's *os5 m9i/]s & help]s by virtue ( ! ,_s-be/[$ gifts & qualifications4 ,! only gov]nm5tal au?ority ex]cis$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t m9i/]s 0 9 coop]ation ) ,*ri/1 ! visible head1 by putt+ =?1 9 accordance ) ! ,_s's gifts & qualifications1 "s portion ( t moral p[] by :i* alone ,*ri/ gov]ns4 ,! idea t to a cl]ical ord] has be5 committ$ ! exclusive gu>dian%ip ( ! *ur*1 ) full p[] to admit to or exclude f ! wor%ip & s]vice ( ,god all except ^? :o come by way ( _! prie/ly m$iation1 is ! base/ assumption4 ,x is a violation ( ! rights ( individual consci5ce4 ,yet j su* p[] has be5 & /ill is be+ ex]t$ z a means ( en=c+ acquiesc5ce 9 matt]s ( op9ion & submission to cu/oms & practises :i* e unprejudic$ man kn[s1 or c soon see1 is no "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*+ & requirem5ts4 ,:at a weapon has ?is ecclesia/ical assumption be56 ,"o always ready = use4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r x is wield$ by a ,me?odi/ conf]5ce1 an ,episcopal judicatory1 a ,presbyt]ian synod1 or a ,ca?olic pope1 x is all ! same 9 pr9ciple--! p[] ( ! keys4 ,sid5ote3 ,lack ( religi\s fre$om ,?is assum$ corporate p[] ( ! cl]gy has be5 "o ( ! fundam5tal causes ( sect-mak+4 ,:5 a g5]al cl]ical body assumes ! "r 9 its corporate capacity to prescribe rules ( ei!r fai? or practise1 writt5 or unwritt51 & !n to en=ce !m by judicial action1 x is a direct violation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /&>d1 & ( ! rights ( individual consci5ces4 ,x 0 because ( ?is lordly1 unscriptural rule t _m s9c]e m5 ( ,god h be5 =c$ to sev] _! connection ) ! old] sects 9 ord] to f9d a place :]e a great] degree ( light & tru? c\ld be exp]i5c$ & proclaim$4 ,9 su* cases x 0 n religi\s lib]ty t caus$ ! =mation ( new movem5ts & new sects1 b ! lack ( religi\s lib]ty4 ,t p[] ( ! keys1 mak+ & !n en=c+ ! /&>ds ( cre$s1 has done viol5ce to ! consci5ce ( bo? ! cl]gy & ! laity4 ,consci5celess p]sons subscribe to ! cre$ )\t any p>ticul> hesitation1 b ! truly consci5ti\s suff] ! greate/ emb>rassm5t ,!y mu/ ei!r refuse altoge!r & )draw f all connection1 or else subscribe ) a m5tal res]vation am\nt+ practically to hypocrisy4 ,sid5ote3 ,inflexible "* ,?is inflexible "* ( ! sect in/itution has be5 a mo/ fruitful cause = ! production ( new sects4 ,no matt] h[ spiritual ! movem5t at its beg9n+1 :5 its lead]s 7 n long+ = *ur* p[] b 7 e>ne/ly prea*+ ! ,^w ( ! ,"l z x came unto !m1 z soon z ! sect ma*9]y 0 ?or\ghly organiz$ & 0 set 9 motion ! inevitable t5d5cy has be5 to ?r[ ar\nd ! movem5t a wall ( cre$al & ecclesia/ical exclusiv5ess :i* %ut out o!r true p ( ,god2 & !n began a process ( cry/alization :i* ev] aft]w>ds preclud$ ! unfold+ ( new tru?4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! high tide ( tru?-discov]y 9 e religi\s movem5t 9 ,prote/antism has be5 at ! "t ( its beg9n+4 ,a fix$ law ( immobility has ev] aft]w>ds prevail$4 ,! reason is cle>3 :5ev] m5 grasp ! re9s ( gov]nm5t & assume ^? pr]ogatives :i* belong to ,god alone1 ! rule ( ! ,_s ends4 ,! unfold+ ( new tru?s by ! op]ation ( ! ,_s is impossible )9 ! limits ( ! old ord] :]e human ecclesia/icism reigns4 ,b tru? c n be p]man5tly suppress$4 ,if x c n f9d room = developm5t )9 ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 ,god w raise up m5 :o w1 indep5d5tly1 proclaim ! ,^w ( ! ,"l4 ,?is he has done repeat$ly1 only to h ! new movem5ts end 9 ! same mann]--9 a rule ( human ecclesia/icism4 ,human ecclesia/icism has always be5 ! greate/ b>ri] to ! free spiritual developm5t ( ! "w ( ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to t relic ( ! papal *ur*1 au?ority & rule is ve/$ 9 ! cl]ical corporation & is by !m conf]r$ ^u o!r individuals by ! act ( ord9ation4 ,h[ diff]5t ! /&>d ( ! ,^w6 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t times ! (fice ( prophet did n come 9 ! prie/ly l9e1 b on :omsoev] ! _s ( prophecy desc5d$--:e!r ^u ,amos1 ! h]dsman1 or ,david1 ! k+--he spake z he 0 mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!re has nev] be5 a "t "u ! div9e economy :5 any man to :om ! ,^w ( ! ,"l came 0 n div9ely au?oriz$ to proclaim 8 message :]ev] he c\ld get a he>+1 :e!r 9 synagog or temple1 or out "u ! broad canopy ( heav54 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,future ,:at ab\t ! *ur* ( ! future8 ,is ! mod]n sect sy/em ! ultimate goal ( ,*ri/ian atta9m5t 9 ?is _w8 ,:ile ! sects conta9 mu* tru? & _m ( ! p ( ,god1 _! ecclesia/ical con/itutions are =eign to ! true *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & x is inconceivable t ! great ,f\nd] w\ld make no provision ei!r 9 8 ,^w or 9 8 plan = ! correction ( ! evils :i* h gr[n up ar\nd ! ,*ri/ian sy/em dur+ ! d>k ages ( ! _w & :i* h 9 a great measure p]v]t$ ! gospel itself & less5$ its :olesome effici5cy z ! univ]sal rem$y = human ills4 ,s9ce no sect c make good a claim to be+ exclusively ! *ur* ( ,god1 a g5]al feel+ ( tol]ation at lea/ 7if n 9 all cases ( s9c]e respect7 has come to prevail respect+ ! diff]5t d5om9ational *ur*es4 ,m5 h come to look ^u ! sects z a m]e matt] ( fact1 n to be s]i\sly que/ion$1 & we are suppos$ to cov] ! :ole sc5e ) ! mantle ( pati5ce & *>ity & make ! be/ ( a bad situation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prote/ant truce ,dr4 ,j4,m4 ,/urtevant has express$ ?is g5]al attitude s well t ,i %all quote 8 own words3 ,x has long be5 true 9 ?is c\ntry t no ,prote/ant c freely expose ! errors & sup]/itions ( ! papal *ur*1 especially f ! pulpit1 )\t incurr+ ! *>ge ( intol]ance1 bigotry1 & un*>itabl5ess4 ,religi\s controv]sy itself has be5 plac$ "u ! ban1 z 9 its own nature un*>itable4 ,:5 once any religi\s op9ion has organiz$ itself into a sect1 x is ?\ght to h acquir$ a sacr$ness :i*1 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ian *>ity & 9 ! int]e/ ( ! tranquility ( ! community1 def5ds x f any op5 assault4 ,we h come into ! condition 9 :i* ,rome 0 :5 %e _h ext5d$ h] conque/s f ! ,briti% ,isles to ! ,euphrates & _h transf]r$ to ,rome ! div9ities ( all ! c\ntries conqu]$4 ,p ( e nationality might wor%ip _! own div9ities1 b mu/ respectfully tol]ate ! wor%ip ( e o!r4 ,9 ?is way only c\ld religi\s conflict be avoid$4 ,! *ief reason :y ,*ri/ianity 0 p]secut$ 0 t f its v nature x c\ld accept no su* truce4 ,x is ei!r a univ]sal religion or no religion at all4 ,x is1 l all o!r sy/ems :i* claim to be ! true1 9 its own nature exclusive4 ,x is because ( its univ]sal "* t tru? c accept no su* truce z has be5 decl>$ by ! mod]n sects4 ,tru? is exclusive1 & h5ce c make no compromises4 ,! *ur* ( ,god is univ]sal or x is no *ur* at all4 ,! :ole tru? conc]n+ ! *ur* "q mu/ & w come out4 ,! times dem& x2 ! p ( ,god dem& x2 ! ,_s ( ,god dem&s x2 &1 z we %all %[1 ! ,scriptures decl>e x4 ,sid5ote3 ,a new awak5+ ,x is v evid5t t ! p ( ,god are n satisfi$ ) ! pres5t sect>ian situation4 ,ev]y:]e !re is manife/$ a re/lessness & uneas9ess respect+ ! arbitr>y l9es ( sect :i* sep>ate betwe5 ^? :o h a recogniz$ spiritual aff9ity--recogniz$ except =mally by ! ecclesia/ical p[]s t be4 ,! ,*ri/ian consci\sness is becom+ awak5$4 ,m5 are com+ to see t ,*ri/ianity is to be measur$1 n by sect l9es1 b by t broad]1 ,scriptural rule ( ! div9e family embrac+ all true disciples ( ,jesus--^? :o possess 8 life & be> ! appropriate fruits ( righte\sness4 ,?is awak5+1 ) its logical consequ5ces1 is :at ,i h t]m$ ,,! ,,la/ ,,re=mation4 ,x w give =m & "* to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,future4 ,sid5ote3 ,apologies = sects ,sect>ianism /ill has its def5d]s1 h[ev]4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ris+ tide ( spiritual fell[%ip & love1 !re are ^? :o br+ =w>d a few sickly apologies = sects1 apologies :i* g5]ally impress ! e>ne/ /ud5t ( ! ,scriptures ) ! ?\ght t ! apologi/ has a h>d case to make out4 ,! excuse mo/ commonly advanc$ is t ! sect sy/em is a useful arrangem5t = accommodat+ ! v>iety ( ta/es & feel+s f\nd among ,*ri/ian p4 ,x is assum$ t "s are natural-born ,episcopalians1 ) an innate fondness = =mal liturgies & ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts1 & t o!rs are s con/itut$ by nature z to require c]ta9 o!r p>ticul> =ms ( wor%ip4 ,sid5ote3 ,div]sity ( ta/e & culture ,if !re is any su* fundam5tal dem& 9 human nature = a v>iety ( sects1 z diff]5t climates are requir$ to suit diff]5t ord]s ( life on our planet1 x is /range inde$ t ! apo/les ov]look$ su* an important po9t & fail$ to provide = x4 ,:y 0 n ! primitive *ur* con/ruct$ s z to br+ into exi/5ce at once a v>iety ( human sects to accommodate ! diff]5t classes ( p !n exi/+8 ,f ! mod]n po9t ( view !y _h an excell5t excuse = />t+ ) at lea/ two *ur*es--"o = ! ,jews & ano!r = ! ,g5tiles2 & if ^! _h n be5 suffici5t1 be=e ! end ( _! p]sonal m9i/ry !y c\ld h br\ght into exi/5ce a :ole brood ( sects4 ,n[1 ! /ud5t ( ! ,scriptures kn[s t ! apo/les proce$$ exactly 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!y labor$ e>ne/ly to br+ all classes into love & fell[%ip 9 "o body4 ,?is c\rse 0 n 9 accordance ) ! wisdom ( ! _w1 b ! tw5tie? c5tury is beg9n+ to see t x 0 ! wisdom ( ,god4 ,! reason :y m5 h a lik+ = =mal liturgies1 /ately c]emonies1 & ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts is because ( environm5t4 ,!y h be5 tra9$ t way4 ,"h aga9 we see ! natural t5d5cy ( sects to make sect>ians & ?us reproduce _! k9d4 ,:5 p>ticul> =ms & c]emonies1 :i* are n requir$ by ,scripture1 are en=c$ ^u m5 by a self-con/itut$1 self-p]petuat+ ecclesia/ical au?ority1 ! inevitable result is to /amp ! same pr9ciples ^u succe$+ g5]ations & ?us p]petuate ! sect sy/em ex]cis+ su* au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sect _s ,9 a f9al ef=t to less5 ! odium atta*+ to :at is n[ widely recogniz$ z an evil1 "s ass]t t ! cause ( mis*ief is ! sect _s4 ,?is /atem5t conta9s tru?1 b x does n tell ! :ole tru?4 ,"o ( ! wor/ evils ( human slav]y 0 ! extreme tyranny :i* "s slave-ma/]s ex]cis$4 ,b ! real fact 0 t ! sy/em itself t5d$ to conv]t good m5 & wom5 into tyrants4 ,! special manife/ation ( evil 0 bo? effect & cause4 ,x 0 ! natural t5d5cy ( ! sy/em to make tyrants1 & tyrants p]petuat$ ! sy/em4 ,s also ) sect>ianism4 ,?\gh all c realize a !oretical diff]5ce betwe5 ! sect _s & simple d5om9ationalism1 yet ! v t5d5cy ( ! sy/em itself is to create p>ty int]e/s & to introduce p>ty rivalries1 :i* naturally fo/] ! sect _s4 ,)\t t devotion to p>ty & p>ty int]e/s--a devotion almo/ equal to _! devotion to ! gospel itself--sects w\ld p]i%4 ,if sect-memb]s %\ld become s univ]sal 9 _! love & sympa?y z to devote !mselves to ! "w ( ,*ri/ alone--=gett+ p>ty int]e/s--sects w\ld die4 ,! sect _s is1 !re=e1 ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance ( ! life & individuality ( ! sect body4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at is ! rem$y8 ,! rem$y = sect>ianism is n a return to imp]ialism4 ,! _w-*ur* idea z exemplifi$ 9 ! papal *ur* is n ! goal ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* might hold dom9ion ov] m5 9 ! b>b>ic ages ( ! _w1 b its univ]sal sway has ceas$4 ,! ,inquisition w nev] be ree/abli%$4 ,! unity ( ! *ur* is n to be f\nd 9 an imp]ial hi]>*y4 ,nor is ,*ri/ian unity to be obta9$ by adh]5ce to ! hi/oric cre$s4 ,^! docum5ts may express _m noble s5tim5ts respect+ ,*ri/ & 8 tru?1 & !y may express ! fulle/ k ( ! tru? kn[n 9 ! days :5 !y 7 writt54 ,b k ( ! tru? is progressive1 :ile cre$s are /ation>y4 ,no human docum5t1 !re=e1 c s]ve z a p]man5t basis ^u :i* to build our fai?4 ,& !n1 too1 we h se5 t cre$s are 9 _! v nature divisive4 ,h5ce !y c n be made ! basis = ! realization ( unity4 ,nor is ! unity ( ! *ur* to be f\nd 9 "s p>ticul> =m ( exclusive *ur* polity1 z ,episcopalianism1 ,presbyt]ianism1 or ,congregationalism4 ,we h conclusively prov$ t t conception ( ! *ur* patt]n$ aft] ! =ms ( political gov]nm5t1 9 :i* gov]nm5t & au?ority are ve/$ inh]5tly & exclusively 9 human h&s1 is =eign to ! orig9al conception ( ! *ur* z x exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( its ,f\nd] & 8 apo/les4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* is a !ocracy4 ,*ri/ is head4 ,he rules ?r\gh 8 ,holy ,_s by moral suasion & spiritual influ5ce1 & ! m9i/]s & help]s :om he calls & qualifies %>e 9 t ov]sight & responsibility to ! same ext5t t !y are able to wield ! same moral & spiritual p[]4 ,?is is ! only *ur* au?ority & gov]nm5t recogniz$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! p]petual !ocracy ,"h ,i %all digress long en\gh to po9t out by way ( contra/ ! true =m ( div9e gov]nm5t4 ,e "o is famili> ) ! !ocratic gov]nm5t ( ,israel "u ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation4 ,god rul$4 ,he :o c>efully reads ! ,new ,te/am5t c n fail to disc]n ! same type ( gov]nm5t 9 ! *ur* be=e ! rise ( human ecclesia/icism4 ,! fir/ prea*]s ( ! gospel spoke ) an au?ority n d]iv$ f a human s\rce4 ,:5 ,pet] & ,john 7 ?reat5$ be=e ! ,c\ncil & comm&$ n to speak or tea* 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y gave ! sublime answ]3 ,:e!r x be "r 9 ! sight ( ,god to he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye4 ,= we c n b speak ! ?+s :i* we h se5 & he>d 7,acts #d3 #ai1 #bj74 ,! same pr9ciple /&s out 9 bold relief 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ,paul4 ,al?\gh t great apo/le 0 =w>d to coop]ate ) o!r apo/les & m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 "o c n fail to see t 8 :ole c>e] exemplifi$ ! pr9ciple ( !ocracy4 ,he 0 n disob$i5t unto ! heav5ly vision4 ,sid5ote3 ,an important p>allelism ,p]mit me to call att5tion p>ticul>ly to an important p>allelism betwe5 ! gov]nm5t ( ,israel "u ! !ocracy & ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* be=e ! rise ( ecclesia/icism4 ,god l$ 8 p out ( ,egypt by ,moses & ,jo%ua4 ,^! m5 are a type ( ,*ri/1 :o leads 8 p4 ,aft] ! ,israelites 7 settl$ 9 ,canaan1 !y _h no c5tral gov]nm5t1 b ea* locality or city 0 autonom\s1 hav+ its local judges or eld]s4 ,9 a "t ( crisis ,god rais$ up a judge to lead ! p 9 ! necess>y coop]ative ef=ts to pres]ve or rega9 _! lib]ties4 ,_! mis]ies ,7 always ! result ( _! own s9s1 n a failure ( ! div9e =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,_! appo9t+ a k+ & ?us sett+ up a c5traliz$ human gov]nm5t 0 call$ reject+ ,god z rul]4 ,& ?is is exactly p>allel ) :at ecclesia/icism has done & is do+ ) ! same results4 ,god's gov]nm5t ( ! *ur* is set aside & reject$4 ,sid5ote3 ,n *ur* f$]ation ,nor w an organic union ( all ! sects solve ! problem ( unity4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! t5d5cy ( su* a union is t[>d imp]ialism1 ! creation on ! f$]ation plan ( ano!r _w-*ur*4 ,9 ! second place1 su* a f$]ation w\ld /r5g!n r ?an less5 ! au?ority ( human rule1 :ile ! compromises necess>y to make su* a project possible w\ld less5 9 ! same degree t fre$om ( ! ,_s by :i* alone ! full gospel c be giv5 to ! _w4 ,& 9 ! ?ird place1 su* a f$]ation w\ld n be ! *ur* ( ,god1 = ! v framework on :i* x w\ld re/1 human ecclesia/icism1 is =eign to ! orig9al conception ( ! *ur*4 ,x w\ld be only a human arrangem5t patt]n$ aft] ! model ( a _w-empire4 ,& = ano!r reason su* w\ld n be ! *ur*4 ,! div9e ekklesia includes 9 its memb]%ip ! :ole family ( ,god4 ,?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 :o are unit$ to ,*ri/ & 9 fell[%ip ) all ! sav$ are n memb]s ( ! =mally organiz$ sects4 ,!re=e ! union ( all su* *ur*es 9 "o f$]ation w\ld n include ! :ole family4 ,sid5ote3 ,back to ! ,bible /&>d ,?us1 ! rem$y = sects is n *ur* f$]ation1 nor a return to ! hi/oric cre$s1 nor ! adoption ( "o ( ! exclusive =ms ( *ur* polity2 nei!r is x an attempt to hide ! s9 ( ! obnoxi\s sect sy/em by cov]+ x ) a mantle ( *>ity & pati5ce--z a sort ( necess>y evil4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! real rem$y = sects8 ,x is ! absolute rejection ( e =eign elem5t t has crept into ! ,*ri/ian sy/em & ! return to t primitive conception ( ! *ur* z made up ( ! entire bro!rhood ( ,*ri/1 organiz$ & controll$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,= true unity we mu/ turn f hi]>*ies & apo/olical successions & prie/ly corporations & *ur* synods & human cre$s to ,,! ,,*ri/ :o alone is ! head ( ! *ur*4 ,sid5ote3 ,true memb]%ip ,su* a movem5t requires a moral revolution ) respect to ! attitude ( ,god's p t[>d memb]%ip 9 sects4 ,x requires ! oblit]ation ( sect l9es & ! recognition ( no o!r bond ( union ?an t ( a common bro!rhood ?r\gh union ) ,*ri/4 ,div9e life secur$ ?r\gh rep5tance & fai? is ! sole condition ( memb]%ip 9 ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & ?is relation%ip is ma9ta9$ by ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( ,*ri/ & consi/5t ,*ri/ian conduct4 ,if we walk 9 ! light1 z he is 9 ! light1 we h fell[%ip "o ) ano!r1 & ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 ,son cleanse? u f all s9 7#a ,john #a3g74 ,sid5ote3 ,elim9ation ( ecclesia/icism ,su* a movem5t & su* a /&>d ( *ur* relation%ip require ! elim9ation ( all ideas ( prie/ly ecclesia/icism4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* is n an abs5t ,*ri/4 ,he has nev] resign$ 8 position z head ( ! *ur* & ve/$ ! gov]nm5tal au?ority 9 a self-p]petuat+ cl]ical ca/e4 ,8 gov]nm5t is !ocratic4 ,he adm9i/]s x himself ?r\gh 8 ,holy ,_s4 ,h5ce no m5 or set ( m5 c conf] any p[] or au?ority :atsoev] ^u any individual to act = ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ calls 8 own assi/ants1 & any man unto :om ! ,^w ( ! ,"l comes is div9ely au?oriz$ to proclaim ,8 message4 ,! only sph]e ( human op]ation respect+ ?is adm9i/ration ( div9e gov]nm5t is simple recognition ( :at ,god has done1 & ?is recognition 9 ! la/ analysis belongs to ! :ole body ( ,god's p4 ,! basis ( e man's au?ority & responsibility is1 !re=e1 n human appo9tm5t or (ficial position1 b ! div9e call1 gifts1 & qualifications1 t he possesses4 ,if1 = example1 he is call$ to apo/olic "w & end[$ ) gifts & qualifications fitt+ him = su* s]vice1 he has apo/olic au?ority & responsibility1 & !re is no?+ = o!r m9i/]s or ,*ri/ians to d b to recognize :at ,god has done4 ,n[ ha? ,god set ! memb]s e "o ( !m 9 ! body1 z x ha? pleas$ him 7#a ,cor4 #ab3ah74 ,su*1 9 %ort1 is ! div9e organization & gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at ( ! future8 ,! realization ( ?is gr& ideal ( ! re/oration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t /&>d ( *ur* memb]%ip1 gov]nm5t1 & au?ority1 is impossible )9 ! sect sy/em4 ,= ! sects to turn all ! p ( ,god loose f subjection to e =eign yoke & make !m free to associate )\t re/riction ) all ! sav$ ( ,god1 w\ld be an act ( suicide4 ,only by division & by hold+ ! grasp ( ecclesia/ical rule c sects survive4 ,b he is bl9d to ! signs ( ! times :o c n see t ! grip ( ecclesia/icism is slipp+ & ! bonds ( true ca?olicity becom+ /r5g!n$4 ,! true p ( ,god are becom+ m & m dissatisfi$ ) pres5t conditions & are beg9n+ to ?9k 9 t]ms ( a univ]sal ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ris+ tide ( evangelism among su* is already beg9n+ to ov]fl[ ! l9es ( sect4 ,:at may we expect 9 ! future8 ,?+s c n cont9ue z !y h be5 9 ! ecclesia/ical _w4 ,a sweep+ re=mation is imp]ative & imm95t4 ,9 fact1 ! vangu>d ( ?is great movem5t is already visible4 ,:at w ! future br+ =?8 ,w ! sects !mselves fade away & gradually become dissolv$8 or w ! p[]s t rule 9 ! ecclesia/ical _w f9ally set !mselves aga9/ ! _s ( ca?olicity & ?us practically =ce ! true p ( ,god to ignore absolutely all sect>ian l9es & /ep out on ! broad plat=m ( tru? & univ]sality1 unit$ 9 ,*ri/ alone1 kn[+ no head b ,*ri/ & no cre$ b ,8 tru?8 ,:o c tell8 ,sid5ote3 ,a fundam5tal diff]5ce ,9 ! pres5t "w ,i h giv5 a brief hi/orical sket* ( ! lead+ ecclesia/ical ev5ts1 %[+ ! apo/asy z x exi/$ "u two phases1 ! corruption ( evangelical fai? & ! reign ( ecclesia/icism4 ,i h also %[n t ! re=mations ( ,prote/antism h t5d$ to ! correction ( t fir/ phase p]ta9+ to doctr9e1 b t a complete re=mation requires ! elim9ation ( ecclesia/icism4 ,h5ce :at ,i h t]m$ ! ,la/ ,re=mation1 if x is to be ! la/1 n only mu/ include ! re/oration ( pure doctr9al tru? b mu/ also re/ore ! real *ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,s f> z true doctr9e is conc]n$1 su* a re=mation w diff] f o!r evangelical movem5ts 9 degree only--x mu/ ultimately compreh5d ! :ole tru?4 ,b ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! re=mation h]e9 consid]$ & all o!r prec$+ re=mations is t x /rikes ! dea?-bl[ to ! v root ( error t produc$ ! sect sy/em--human ecclesia/icism--& sub/itutes !re= ! adm9i/rative au?ority ( ! ,holy ,_s work+ 9 v>y+ degrees 9 all ! memb]s ( ,*ri/ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! la/ re=mation !re=e mu/ diff] f all o!rs1 n 9 degree only1 b also 9 k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! witness ( prophecy ,god alone und]/&s ! future4 ,dur+ ! ages pa/ he has n left 8 own "w )\t ! witness ( prophecy4 ,we may re/ assur$1 !re=e1 t 9 ! prophecy ( ! div9e ,^w he has giv5 u an outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( 8 *ur*4 ,s ,i %all ask ! read] to pati5tly foll[ me ?r\gh a brief sket* ( ecclesia/ical ev5ts z describ$ 9 ! prophecies ( ! ,revelation4 ,su* an exam9ation w ?r[ a l>ge am\nt ( additional light on ! subjects ,i h already treat$ hi/orically1 & w also give u a div9ely drawn picture ( ! *ur* ( ! future4 ,su* w enable u to und]/& bett] ! real "* & ext5t ( ,,! ,,la/ ,,re=mation4 ,,"p ,,iii ,! ,*ur* 9 ,prophecy ,,*apt] ,x ,,int]pretation ,,( ,,prophetic ,,symbols ,sid5ote3 ,value ( prophecy ,! value ( prophecy 9 e/abli%+ ! religion ( ! ,bible z ! religion1 ( ,god has be5 g5]ally recogniz$4 ,its value1 h[ev]1 is n limit$ to ! pro( ( ! div9ity ( ,biblical tru? :i* x furni%es3 x s]ves a def9ite & mo/ important purpose 9 ! life & "w ( ,god's believ+ *ildr5 9 all ages4 ,by x we are bett] able to und]/& ,god's own plan & purposes 9 human hi/ory1 & by x we are made consci\s ( our own :]eab\ts along ! pa?way ( "t4 ,! movem5ts ( ,god 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ t 7 pr$ict$ by e>li] prophets h receiv$ _! *ief inspiration f ! consci\s k ! lead]s _h ( ! prophetic "* ( _! "w4 ,x 0 ,daniel's /udy ( prophecy t /irr$ 8 s\l = ! re/oration ( ,israel to ! favor ( ,god & to _! own l& 7,dan4 #i3b71 & at ! same "t op5$ 8 own he>t = ! wond]ful revelation conc]n+ future ev5ts4 ,x 0 ! consci\sness ( prophetic fulfilm5t t gave ,john ! ,bapti/ 8 inspiration = "w 7,john #a3bc72 & 9 e/abli%+ ! tru?s ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/1 ! apo/les plac$ lead+ emphasis on ! fact t ^! ?+s 7 writt5 9 ! law & 9 ! prophets4 ,! love & c>e t ,*ri/ _h = 8 p did n cease 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! gospel disp5sation2 = he gave ! promise1 ,i am ) y alway1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4 ,x is altoge!r reasonable1 !n1 t we %\ld receive ! revelation ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* ,god gave unto him1 to %[ unto 8 s]vants ?+s :i* mu/ %ortly come to pass 7,rev4 #a3a74 ,?r\gh ! v>y+ conditions ( "t1 ,*ri/ leads 8 p on to c]ta9 victory4 ,s9ce ! mission ( ! *ur* 0 to be _w-wide & p]petual1 x is fitt+ t ! *ur* %\ld be describ$ prophetically 9 ord] t we might h def9ite in=mation conc]n+ ! op]ations ( ! div9e h& 9 work+ out ! great problem ( ! *ur*'s de/9y aft] ! close ( ! sacr$ canon4 ,sid5ote3 ,prophetic symbols ,be=e proce$+ ) our discussion ( ^? prophecies :i* conc]n ! *ur*1 let u pause & consid] briefly ! "* ( symbols4 ,! prophecy ( ! ,scriptures is pres5t$ to u 9 two di/9ct =ms--direct /atem5ts 9 ! ord9>y language ( life & 9 symbolic repres5tations1 b f> ! great] "p is express$ 9 symbols1 z 9 ! book ( ,daniel & 9 ! ,revelation ( ,john4 ,)\t an und]/&+ ( ! nature ( symbols we c n get a prop] und]/&+ ( su* prophecies4 ,spok5 or writt5 language is a v complicat$ affair1 b x is 9 reality an arbitr>y arrangem5t4 ,! "n t we atta* to a p>ticul> object c\ld z well be giv5 to a totally diff]5t object in/ead if we only agre$ to make ! *ange4 ,= ?is reason spok5 language is v>iable4 ,*anges are con/antly tak+ place4 ,! language ( ,bible symbols1 on ! o!r h&1 is n subject to ! law ( *ange1 z we %all see2 x is n bas$ on arbitr>y arrangem5t or m]e conv5i5ce1 b its f\ndational pr9ciples exi/ 9 ! v nature ( ?+s4 ,web/] def9es symbol z foll[s3 ,! sign or repres5tation ( any moral ?+ by ! images or prop]ties ( natural ?+s4 ,?us1 a lion is ! symbol ( c\rage2 ! lamb is ! symbol ( meekness or pati5ce4 ,horne1 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,bible1 says3 ,by symbols we mean c]ta9 repres5tative m>ks1 r ?an express pictures2 or1 if pictures1 su* z 7 at ! "t *>act]s1 & besides pres5t+ to ! eye ! resemblance ( a p>ticul> object1 sugge/$ a g5]al idea to ! m9d1 z :5 a horn 0 made to d5ote /r5g?1 an eye & scept]1 maje/y1 & 9 numb]less su* in/ances1 :]e ! picture 0 n drawn to express m]ely ! ?+ itself1 b some?+ else1 :i* 0 or 0 conceiv$ to be1 analog\s to x4 ,accord+ to ^! def9itions1 ! ma9 idea ( a symbol is ! repres5tation ( an object or quality1 n by exhibition ( itself1 b by ano!r object or "* analog\s to x4 ,nor are we limit$ 9 ! use ( symbols to ! exhibition ( moral subjects alone4 ,any object may be symboliz$1 provid$ a correspond+ object c be f\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,analogy ! basic law ,analogy1 !n1 is ! fundam5tal law ( symbols4 ,?is be+ true1 x is cle> t symbols mu/ be def9itely appli$4 ,!y are n arbitr>y4 ,!re is no reason :y we c\ld n call a book a table1 & a table x w\ld be1 provid$ we agre$ univ]sally to adopt t designation2 b we violate nature if we attempt to repres5t ! quiet1 peaceful1 g5tle disposition ( a *ild by a lion or a tig]1 or a cruel1 v9dictive1 tyrannical disposition by a lamb4 ,a pollut$ h>lot may repres5t an apo/ate *ur*1 b n ! true *ur*4 ,a prop] correspond5ce ( "* & quality mu/ be obs]v$4 ,we mu/ foll[ nature /rictly4 ,& ?is is ! law ( symbols4 ,symbols are drawn f diff]5t dep>tm5ts--f angelic life1 human life1 animal life1 & inanimate creation4 ,b 9 e case !re is 9 ! selection & use ( ! symbol a prop] correspond5ce ( "* & quality4 ,sid5ote3 ,tw(old object ( symbols ,! decid+ factor 9 ! orig9al selection ( a symbolic object is ! nature ( ! ?+ to be symboliz$4 ,9 ! field ( ,bible prophecy ! g5]al design is 9 ! ma9 tw(old--! repres5tation 7#a7 ( ! affairs ( ! *ur* & 7#b7 ( ! political hi/ory ( ^? nations & k+doms :i* 7 to ex]t an important influ5ce on ! life & developm5t ( ! *ur*4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! div9e e/imation ! *ur* & its welf>e is ( inf9itely great] importance ?an ! affairs ( nations & k+doms4 ,!re=e we may reasonably expect t1 accord+ to ! nature ( symbolic language1 symbols design$ to repres5t ! *ur* w be f\nd to be ( ! mo/ exalt$ type1 :]eas ^? repres5t+ political ?+s w be f\nd to be select$ f an inf]ior dep>tm5t4 ,9 accordance ) ?is fundam5tal classification we %all f9d t symbols drawn f angelic life & human life inv>iably ref] to ! dep>tm5t ( ecclesia/ical affairs1 :ile ^? drawn f animal life or inanimate nature repres5t political ?+s4 ,! only app>5t exception to ?is rule is t c]ta9 inanimate objects =m]ly consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ,god & ?us associat$ ) ! dep>tm5t ( ! *ur* are sometimes us$ to repres5t spiritual ?+s1 because ! analogy is obvi\s4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ?is fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ! repres5tation ( ?+s political & ?+s ecclesia/ical1 we are prep>$ to und]/& o!r %ades ( di/9ction4 ,nations may be peaceful or tyrannical & oppressive1 & *ur*es may be good or apo/ate2 b ! exact "* c be analog\sly repres5t$ by ! symbolic object4 ,a vici\s wild bea/ /amp+ & dev\r+ w\ld naturally repres5t a cruel1 tyrannical gov]nm5t2 & a good woman repres5ts ! true *ur*1 :ile a vile h>lot repres5ts ! *ur* apo/ate4 ,b :atev] ! nature ( ! symbol1 :e!r bea/1 locu/1 lion1 horse1 temple1 angel1 or man1 we may "k at once f ! nature ( ! symbol :]e to look = its fulfilm5t4 ,?is important guide 9 ! /udy ( prophetic tru?--a guide ov]look$ by mo/ ( ! comm5tators--relieves u ( mu* ( ! unc]ta9ty hi!rto connect$ ) ! subject4 ,s9ce1 z we h se51 symbolic language is bas$ on analogy1 x is evid5t t !re are "s objects ^: nature =bids _! symbolization1 !re be+ no correspond+ object 9 exi/5ce4 ,god c n be symboliz$4 ,to :om !n w ye lik5 ,god8 or :at lik5ess w ye comp>e unto him 7,isa4 #dj3ah74 ,!re may be c]ta9 symbols connect$ ) 8 p]son sett+ =? ! dignity1 maje/y1 & et]nal spl5dor ( 8 "n1 b he himself appe>s unrepres5t$ by ano!r4 ,! same is true also ( ! p]son ( ,jesus1 our ,r$eem]1 al?\gh 9 ?is case we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,*ri/ inc>nate & ,jesus 9 8 ess5tial div9ity4 ,consid]$ z inc>nate--bo? ,god & man--! human aspect ( 8 "* z manife/$ 9 8 sacrificial dea? may be analog\sly repres5t$ z a ,lamb sla94 ,b consid]$ 9 8 ess5tial div9ity1 he c n be symbolically repres5t$4 ,!re=e1 :5ev] ! glorifi$ ,*ri/ appe>s on ! symbolic /age1 he always appe>s 9 8 own p]son proclaim+ 8 own "n4 ,i am he t live?1 & 0 dead2 &1 behold1 ,i am alive = ev]more 7,rev4 #a3ah74 ,he ha? on 8 ve/ure & on 8 ?igh a "n writt51 ,k+ ( k+s1 & ,"l ( lords4 ,9 ,rev4 #f3i ! s\ls ( ! m>tyrs are repres5t$ z cry+ unto ,god = ! av5g+ ( _! blood on !m t dwell on ! e>?4 ,!re is no object analog\s to a disembodi$ _s4 ,x is easy to give !m an arbitr>y "n4 ,!re=e !y simply appe> "u _! own appropriate titles z ! s\ls ( !m t 7 sla94 ,:5ev] we atta* a lit]al significance to a symbolic object1 we imm$iately de/roy its "* z a symbol4 ,?is %\ld n be done4 ,) ! exception ( ^? in/ances :]e ! nature ( an object =bids its symbolization & :]e ! description mu/ !re=e ( necessity be lit]al1 we %\ld always look = ! true fulfilm5t1 n 9 t dep>tm5t f :i* ! symbol is drawn1 b 9 ano!r dep>tm5t--t to :i* ! symbol by analogy ref]s u4 ,sid5ote3 ,field ( pres5t inquiry ,! limits & object ( ! pres5t "w preclude an exhau/ive treatm5t ( prophecy 9 g5]al4 ,our imm$iate purpose is to set =? p>ticul>ly ^? prophecies ( ! div9e ,^w :i* cle>ly portray & outl9e ! "* ( a _w-wide religi\s movem5t 9 ! la/ days4 ,to d ?is effectually1 h[ev]1 we mu/ briefly consid] ^? prophecies :i* describe ! pr9cipal ecclesia/ical ev5ts 9 hi/ory :i* =m ! basis (1 or lead up to1 ! ,la/ ,re=mation4 ,! subject z outl9$ 9 ! prophecies & z bas$ on ! facts ( hi/ory1 naturally divides into f\r p>ts1 or epo*s1 z foll[s3 ,i ,! ,apo/olic ,p]iod ,,ii ,! ,m$ieval ,p]iod ,,iii ,era ( ,mod]n ,sects ,,iv ,! ,la/ ,re=mation ,= ! sake ( brevity1 we %all1 z f> z possible1 exclude f our pres5t inquiry ^? prophecies p]ta9+ to civil & political affairs1 reta9+ only su* z h an important be>+ on ! *ur* subject4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,p]iod ,sid5ote3 ,! />-cr[n$ woman ,! twelf? *apt] ( ,revelation introduces an important l9e ( prophetic tru? respect+ ! *ur*1 beg9n+ ) ^! words3 ,& !re appe>$ a great wond] 9 heav52 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s3 & %e be+ ) *ild cri$1 travail+ 9 bir?1 & pa9$ to be deliv]$4 ,& %e br\ght =? a man *ild1 :o 0 to rule all nations ) a rod ( iron3 & h] *ild 0 caught up unto ,god1 & to 8 ?rone4 ,& ! woman fl$ into ! wild]ness1 :]e %e ha? a place prep>$ ( ,god1 t !y %\ld fe$ h] !re a ?\s& two hundr$ & ?reescore days 7v]ses #a1 #b1 #e1 #f74 ,z we h already /at$ & z w be made v cle> h]eaft]1 symbols drawn f human life are us$ to repres5t ecclesia/ical affairs4 ,!re=e 9 ! symbol n[ be=e u we h a repres5tation ( ! *ur*1 & f ! g5]al description giv5 we inf] t x mu/ be ! pure *ur* ( ,god1 = ! brighte/ lum9>ies ( heav5 are ga!r$ ar\nd h] & no evil ?+ is said conc]n+ h]4 ,t ?is woman is ! special object ( ,god's c>e & conc]n is fur!r %[n by ! fact t :5 %e fl$ into ! wild]ness1 %e _h a place prep>$ ( ,god1 t !y %\ld fe$ h] !re4 ,t ?is int]pretation ( ! woman is correct is also %[n by o!r texts 9 ,revelation4 ,9 *apt] #ba3i an angel talk+ ) ,john said1 ,come hi!r1 ,i w %ew !e ! bride1 ! ,lamb's wife4 ,& aga91 9 *apt] #ai3g1 :]e ! *ur* is und\bt$ly ref]r$ to1 a great multitude is repres5t$ z say+1 ,let u be glad & rejoice1 & give honor to him3 = ! m>riage ( ! ,lamb is come1 & 8 wife ha? made h]self ready4 ,9 ! sev5te5? *apt] ! *ur* apo/ate is )\t d\bt describ$ by ! symbol ( a vile1 pollut$ h>lot4 ,! pure woman ( *apt] #ab1 !n1 repres5ts ! apo/olic *ur* 9 all its beauty & glory4 ,%e is repres5t$ z clo!d ) ! sun1 a /rik+ emblem ( ! light ( ! glori\s gospel ( ,*ri/ :i* %one =? f ! e>ly *ur*4 ,! moon "u h] feet is g5]ally und]/ood to designate ! typical wor%ip ( ! ,jewi% age1 :i* 0 a %ad[ ( ?+s to come b :i* n[ /&s eclips$ 9 ! sup]ior light & glory ( ! new & bett] disp5sation4 ,! moon is ! less] light & d]ives its illum9ation f ! sun2 s also ! ,mosaic p]iod 0 ! moonlight age ( ! *ur* & reflect$ a "p ( ! gospel :i*1 at a lat] "t1 0 to be reveal$ 9 all its glory ) ! rise ( ! ,sun ( righte\sness4 ,! cr[n ( twelve />s adorn+ ! diadem ( ! *ur* is a fit repres5tation ( ! twelve apo/les ( ! ,lamb1 !y be+ 9 "o important s5se p]man5t fixtures 9 ! *ur*4 ,accord+ to *apt] #a3bj1 />s are sometimes us$ to repres5t ,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 ! analogy z light-giv]s be+ obvi\s4 ,!y t be wise %all %9e z ! brightness ( ! firmam5t2 & !y t turn _m to righte\sness z ! />s =ev] & ev] 7,dan4 #ab3c74 ,! prom95t position occupi$ by ?is woman & ! light :i* %one =? f ! sun ) :i* %e 0 clo!d /& out 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! lat] description giv5 ( h] flight into & seclusion 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! latt] /age ( h] exp]i5ce ,i %all describe fur!r on1 b a brief allusion to x w make h] fir/ appe>ance m impressive4 ,! wild]ness describes ! apo/asy :i* 0 to envelop ! woman & ?us obscure h] light4 ,!re=e h] fir/ appe>ance z 9 ! planet>y heav5s pres5ts a sublime description ( h] dignity & excell5ce 9 ! morn+ "t ( ! gospel era4 ,h] light %one ^u all & h] glory c\ld be se5 by all4 ,%e pres5ts t fundam5tally di/9ct *>act]i/ic ( ! true *ur* ( ,god--univ]sality2 n a m]e isolat$ /> %$d+ its feeble rays 9 competition ) ! o!r orbs ( night2 b a clu/] ( bright1 %9+ />s & ! v sun itself4 ,! light ( ! apo/olic *ur* 01 !re=e1 all-inclusive 9 ! s5se ( reflect+ all ! tru?4 ,x is ess5tial to our prop] und]/&+ ( ! symbols t foll[ t we compreh5d ! true "* ( ! *ur* ( ,god--! bride ( ,*ri/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! man *ild ,! next object to claim our att5tion 9 ! vision "u consid]ation is t ( ! man *ild to :om ! woman is said to give bir?4 ,a v>iety ( int]pretations ( ?is man *ild h be5 giv54 ,"s say t x ref]s to ,jesus ,*ri/1 b ?is application is objectionable = diff]5t reasons4 ,fir/1 ,jesus is ev]y:]e repres5t$ z ! f\nd] ( ! *ur*1 n z its *ild4 ,second1 true analogy is lack+3 !re is no?+ ab\t a m]e *ild to proclaim div9ity4 ,o!rs h id5tifi$ ! *ild ) ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e2 b "h aga9 ! consi/5t use ( symbolic language is ov]look$2 = if ! woman1 ! "m1 repres5ts ! *ur*1 !n ! *ild horn ( h] c n repres5t a s+le1 def9ite individual1 b r a collection ( individuals or ano!r phase ( ! *ur* itself4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! "o s+le symbol repres5ts a p>ticul> individual1 ! o!r mu/ also repres5t an individual4 ,?us1 if ! man *ild is id5tifi$ ) ,*ri/1 ! "m %\ld signify ! ,virg9 ,m>y2 or if ,con/ant9e is int5d$1 !n ,hel5a1 "m ( ,con/ant9e1 %\ld be repres5t$ by ! woman4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t ! woman signifies1 n a s+le individual1 b ! *ur*4 ,!re=e ! *ild born ( h] mu/ simply signify ano!r phase ( ! *ur* b ! same family4 ,by means ( ?is tw(old symbol--involv+ ! close/ relation%ip kn[n--is set =? ! fruitfulness & p]petuity ( ! *ur*4 ,!re is also ano!r reason :y a d\ble symbol %\ld be select$ to set =? ! true *ur*--to repres5t two di/9ct phases ( ! *ur*'s life & hi/ory1 :i*1 9 ! nature ( ! case1 c\ld n be repres5t$ "u a s+le symbol4 ,accord+ to ! description giv51 ! man *ild 0 caught up to ,god & to 8 ?rone1 :ile ! woman rema9$ on e>? & fl$ into ! wild]ness1 :]e %e _h a place prep>$ ( ,god = #a1bfj days4 ,! man *ild1 !n1 repres5ts t phase ( ! *ur* :i* 0 caught up f ! e>? b asc5d$ to heav5 & !re liv$ & reign$ ) ,*ri/2 :ile ! woman repres5ts t phase ( ! *ur* :i* cont9u$ on e>? & fl$ into ! wild]ness dur+ ! p]iod ( ! great apo/asy4 ,!re is also direct ,scriptural te/imony ju/ify+ ?is int]pretation ( ! man *ild4 ,9 ,isaiah #ff we h a sublime description ( ,zion1 ,god's *ur* & p1 repres5t$ z a woman1 a "m4 ,! context %[s t ?is scripture is a prophetic allusion to ! *ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t age4 ,be=e %e travail$1 %e br\ght =?2 be=e h] pa9 came1 %e 0 deliv]$ ( a man *ild4 ,:o ha? he>d su* a ?+8 :o ha? se5 su* ?+s8 ,%all ! e>? he made to br+ =? 9 "o day8 or %all a nation be born at once8 = z soon z ,zion travail$1 %e br\ght =? h] *ildr5 7v]ses #g1 #h74 ,"h ,zion is repres5t$ z a "m br++ =? a man *ild1 b ?is is int]pret$ to be a nation born at once4 ,accord+ to ,heb4 #ab3bb1 #bc1 ?is ,zion1 or ,sion1 repres5ts ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur*4 ,!re is no d\bt1 !n1 t ! man *ild ( ,revelation #ab ref]s to ! great ho/ ( new conv]ts ) :i* ! e>ly *ur* 0 bless$4 ,! scripture 9 ,isaiah j cit$ met its fulfilm5t on ! day ( ,p5teco/ & %ortly aft]w>ds1 :5 ?\s&s 7 br\ght into ! *ur* 9 a day4 ,! apo/le ,paul also ref]s to ! great company ( ,jews & ,g5tiles :o 7 reconcil$ to ,god z con/itut+ "o new man 9 ,*ri/ 7,eph4 #b3ae74 ,sid5ote3 ,! great r$ dragon ,! next object 9 ! vision to :i* our att5tion is direct$ is introduc$ 9 ^! words3 ,& !re appe>$ ano!r wond] 9 heav52 & behold a great r$ dragon1 hav+ sev5 heads & t5 horns1 & sev5 cr[ns ^u 8 heads4 ,& 8 tail drew ! ?ird "p ( ! />s ( heav51 & did ca/ !m to ! e>?3 & ! dragon /ood be=e ! woman :i* 0 ready to be deliv]$1 = to dev\r h] *ild z soon z x 0 born 7,rev4 #ab3c1 #d74 ,! dragon is ! "n giv5 by ! anci5ts to a fabul\s mon/] repres5t$ z a l>ge w+$ liz>d or s]p5t4 ,x 0 reg>d$ z ! enemy ( mank9d1 & its ov]?r[ is made to figure among ! greate/ exploits ( ! gods & h]oes ( hea!n my?ology4 ,! symbol1 be+ drawn f ! natural _w1 directs u by analogy to p]secut+1 tyrannical gov]nm5t4 ,we mu/ n suppose t ?is is a lit]al description ( ,beelzebub2 = !re is no pro( t ! p]sonal devil has any su* appe>ance z ?is mon/] ) sev5 heads & t5 horns1 & a tail dragg+ aft] him a ?ird "p ( ! />s ( heav54 ,9 ! second v]se ( ! next *apt] ,john describes ! rise ( a bea/ t also _h sev5 heads & t5 horns2 & ! dragon gave him 8 p[]1 & 8 seat1 & great au?ority4 ,! fact t ! dragon 0 succe$$ by ! bea/1 :o reign$ 9 8 /ead1 is pro( t ! dragon does n signify ! p]sonal devil2 =1 z f> z we "k1 ! ar*fi5d has nev] resign$ 8 position1 b is /ill do+ 8 inf]nal bus9ess at ! same /&4 ,9 _m respects ! bea/ is simil> to ! dragon4 ,9 ! sev5te5? *apt] ! bea/ appe>s aga91 & ! explanation giv5 by ! angel w enable u to und]/& ! signification bo? ( ! dragon & ( ! bea/4 ,! bea/ t ?\ sawe/ 01 & is n2 & %all asc5d out ( ! bottomless pit1 & g into p]dition 444 & "h is ! m9d :i* ha? wisdom4 ,! sev5 heads are sev5 m\nta9s1 on :i* ! woman sitte?4 ,& !re are sev5 k+s3 five are fall51 & "o is1 & ! o!r is n yet come2 & :5 he come?1 he mu/ cont9ue a %ort space4444 ,& ! t5 horns :i* ?\ sawe/ are t5 k+s1 :i* h receiv$ no k+dom z yet2 b receive p[] z k+s "o h\r ) ! bea/ 7v]ses #h-ab74 ,) ^! facts be=e u & ) our und]/&+ ( ! nature ( symbols1 x is easy to id5tify ! dragon & ! bea/ z ! ,roman ,empire1 fir/ "u ! pagan =m & lat] "u ! papal =m4 ,al?\gh ! bea/ 0 to succe$ ! dragon1 yet 9 id5tify+ ! heads ( ! bea/1 ! angel in=m$ ,john t 9 8 day five _h already fall51 :ile "o !n exi/$ & ! o!r 0 future4 ,?is proves1 !n1 t ! same heads s]v$ bo? = ! dragon & = ! bea/1 ?us e/abli%+ _! ess5tial id5tity4 ,& x is a fact well kn[n t !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ,rome pagan & ,rome papal4 ,! sev5 heads ( ,rome1 !re=e1 signify ! di/9ct =ms ( gov]nm5t t rul$ successively 9 ! empire1 = !y are repres5t$1 n z simultane\s p[]s1 b z consecutive p[]s4 ,! five t _h already fall5 :5 ,john receiv$ ! vision 7 ! regal p[]1 ! consul>1 ! decemvirate1 ! milit>y tribunes1 & ! triumvirate4 ,"o is--! imp]ial4 ,! sev5?1 or future "o1 0 ! patriciate4 ,x is natural t ! pagan ,roman ,empire %\ld be repres5t$ z a dragon4 ,9 ! prophecy ( ,daniel ! ,grecian k+dom is repres5t$ by a he goat = no o!r app>5t reason ?an ! fact t ! goat 0 ! national milit>y /&>d ( ! ,grecian mon>*y4 ,s also ! dragon 0 ! pr9cipal milit>y /&>d ( ! ,romans next to ! eagle4 ,arian1 an e>ly writ]1 m5tions ! fact t dragons 7 us$ z milit>y /&>ds by ! ,romans4 ,! dragon ( ,revelation #ab is also describ$ z a r$ dragon4 ,! dragon /&>ds ( ! ,romans 7 pa9t$ r$4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us m5tions ! purple /&>d ( ! dragon4 ,by ?is fabul\s bea/ describ$ z a great r$ dragon1 !n1 is symbolically repres5t$ ! hea!n ,roman ,empire4 ,! t5 horns1 or k+doms1 :i* _h n yet ris5 :5 ! revelation 0 giv51 7 ! t5 m9or k+doms t grew out ( ! ,roman ,empire dur+ its decl9e & fall4 ,^! are z foll[s3 #a4 ,anglo-,saxons2 #b4 ,burgundians2 #c4 ,franks2 #d4 ,huns2 #e4 ,h]uli2 #f4 ,lomb>ds2 #g4 ,o/rogo?s2 #h4 ,suevi2 #i4 ,v&als2 #aj4 ,visigo?s4 ,! dragon is describ$ ) ! horns1 al?\gh !y 7 n yet 9 exi/5ce & did n arise until ab\t ! "t ! dragon became ! bea/4 ,he is also repres5t$ ) sev5 heads1 al?\gh he really possess$ only "o head at a "t & five _h already fall5 & "o 0 yet to come4 ,he is describ$ ) all ! heads & horns he _h ev] _h or 0 to h4 ,! reason :y ! same g5]al p[] is describ$ "u two =ms--fir/ z ! dragon & lat] z ! bea/--w appe> m cle>ly h]eaft]4 ,! fact t ! dragon 0 call$ ! devil & ,satan has l$ "s to ?9k t ! p]sonal devil himself is meant4 ,! =ego+ explanation conc]n+ ! heads & ! horns %[s conclusively1 h[ev]1 t by ! dragon is meant ! pagan ,roman ,empire1 & n ,beelzebub4 ,! ,hebrews appli$ ! t]m ,satan to an adv]s>y1 or oppos]1 z c be se5 by exam9+ 9 ! orig9al ! foll[+ & _m o!r texts3 ,num4 #bb3bb2 #a ,sam4 #bi3d2 #b ,sam4 #ai3bb2 #a ,k+s #aa3be4 ,! t]m is also ?us us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 signify+ m]ely an oppos]4 ,b he turn$1 & said unto ,pet]1 ,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan 7,matt4 #af3bc74 ,! ?+s :i* ! ,g5tiles sacrifice1 !y sacrifice to devils 7#a ,cor4 #aj3bj74 ,paganism 0 ! great oppos] ( ,*ri/ianity2 h5ce 0 a ,satan to x1 :ile ! apo/le ,paul d5om9at$ its religi\s rites z devil-wor%ip4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! text does n say t ! dragon 0 ! devil & ,satan1 b t he 0 call$ ! devil & ,satan4 ,he p>took ( ! nature & "* ( ! p]sonal devil1 0 ! *ief in/rum5t ?r\gh :i* ! devil work$1 & 0 !re=e call$ by 8 "n4 ,! tail ( ?is dragon drew ! ?ird "p ( ! />s ( heav51 & did ca/ !m to ! e>?4 ,?is is n a lit]al description1 = ! fix$ or planet>y />s nev] fall to ! e>?4 ,if !y did1 !y w\ld de/roy x4 ,! />s are d\btless employ$ z symbols set 9 ! ecclesia/ical firmam5t1 giv+ light amid ! surr\nd+ d>kness4 ,light is s (t5 us$ z ! repres5tative ( gospel tru? t ! application ( ! />s to prom95t *>act]s 9 ! *ur* is obvi\s4 ,jesus is ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 & 8 m9i/]s are bright1 %9+ />s--light-giv]s4 ,! m9i/]s ( ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia ,m9or are repres5t$ z />s 7*ap4 #a3bj74 ,!y t be wise %all %9e z ! brightness ( ! firmam5t2 & !y t turn _m to righte\sness z ! />s =ev] & ev] 7,dan4 #ab3c74 ,! ca/+ d[n ( ! ?ird "p ( ! />s1 !re=e1 signifies ! w>f>e :i* ! dragon p[] wag$ aga9/ ! e>ly *ur*1 9 :i* conflict ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ became ! m>k$ objects ( hea!n wra?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! w> 9 heav5 ,& !re 0 w> 9 heav53 ,mi*ael & 8 angels f\ght aga9/ ! dragon2 & ! dragon f\ght & 8 angels1 & prevail$ n2 nei!r 0 _! place f\nd any m 9 heav54 ,& ! great dragon 0 ca/ out1 t old s]p5t call$ ! ,devil & ,satan1 :i* deceive? ! :ole _w3 he 0 ca/ out into ! e>?1 & 8 angels 7 ca/ out ) him4 ,& ,i he>d a l\d voice say+ 9 heav51 ,n[ is come salvation1 & /r5g?1 & ! k+dom ( our ,god1 & ! p[] ( 8 ,*ri/3 = ! accus] ( our bre?r5 is ca/ d[n1 :i* accus$ !m be=e our ,god day & night4 ,& !y ov]came him by ! blood ( ! ,lamb1 & by ! ^w ( _! te/imony2 & !y lov$ n _! lives unto ! dea? 7,rev4 #ab3g-aa74 ,! symbolic sc5e sudd5ly *anges1 & in/ead ( ! woman & ! man *ild1 ,mi*ael & 8 angels appe> 9 conflict ) ! dragon & 8 angels4 ,?is *ange ( symbols indicates ! introduction ( a diff]5t phase ( ?\ght4 ,f ! nature ( ! symbols we c quickly asc]ta9 ! reason = ?is *ange4 ,! woman repres5ts ! true *ur* & is a prop] symbol ( its unity1 beauty1 purity1 & glory4 ,b !re is ano!r phase ( ! *ur* :i* c n be repres5t$ symbolically by a woman--! militant phase4 ,! *ur* is also an aggressive1 fight+ p[]1 ready to wage w>f>e aga9/ ! p[]s ( evil4 ,we w\ld n expect to see ! *ur* left helpless l a woman be=e a great dragon4 ,we w\ld naturally expect to see div9e aid ext5d$1 & ?is is done by ! *ange ( symbolic imag]y1 ,mi*ael 7,*ri/7 & 8 angels appe>+ to wage w> aga9/ ! dragon4 ,! battle betwe5 ,mi*ael & ! dragon signifies ! great conflict :i* took place betwe5 primitive ,*ri/ianity & ! p[]s ( paganism en?ron$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is scripture has no ref]5ce to ! orig9 ( ,satan himself1 z "s p h suppos$2 = ! conflict 0 f\ght 9 ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 z is prov$ by ! weapons :i* ! foll[]s ( ,mi*ael employ$--,& !y ov]came him by ! blood ( ! ,lamb1 & by ! ^w ( _! te/imony2 & !y lov$ n _! lives unto ! dea?4 ,"u ?is figure1 ! foll[]s ( ,mi*ael are repres5t$ z victors1 ! dragon be+ ca/ d[n to ! e>?1 or ov]?r[n4 ,x is a fact ( hi/ory t primitive ,*ri/ianity succe$$ 9 its fight aga9/ paganism4 ,9 ! n9ete5? *apt] ( ,acts we h an acc\nt ( ! effect ,*ri/ianity _h on hea!nism4 ,paul w5t to ,ephesus1 :i* at t "t 0 ! *ief capital ( proconsul> ,asia1 a lead+ m>t ( hea!n idolatry1 & 9 :i* 0 situat$ "o ( ! sev5 wond]s ( ! anci5t _w--! temple ( ,diana4 ,! prea*+ ( ! gospel produc$ su* a mighty effect t ! foll[]s ( ,diana1 fe>+ le/ _! magnific5t sy/em ( wor%ip %\ld be de/roy$1 /irr$ up ! p 9 a tumult until ! city 0 9 an upro>1 a great mob %\t+1 ,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians4 ,be=e ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 ! temples ( ! gods ( ,asia ,m9or 7 almo/ =sak54 ,well has ,butl] said1 ,! f9al victory ( ,*ri/ianity ov] hea!nism & ,judaism1 & ! mightie/ empire ( ! anci5t _w1 a victory ga9$ )\t physical =ce1 by ! moral p[] ( fai? & p]sev]ance1 ( fai? & love1 is "o ( ! /ronge/ evid5ces ( ! div9ity & inde/ructible life ( our holy religion4 ,x is a fact wor?y ( m5tion t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians reg>d$ ! ,roman ,empire z a great enemy to ! tru?1 & describ$ x z a dragon1 ! victory ( ,*ri/ianity ov] hea!nism be+ repres5t$ by ! ov]?r[ ( ! dragon4 ,con/ant9e & o!rs ( 8 "t describe ^! ev5ts ?us4 ,says ,bi%op ,newton1 ,moreov]1 a picture ( ,con/ant9e 0 set up ov] ! palace gate1 ) a cross ov] 8 head1 & "u 8 feet ! great enemy ( mank9d 7:o p]secut$ ! *ur* by means ( impi\s tyrants71 9 ! =m ( a dragon1 transfix$ ) a d>t ?r\gh ! mid/ ( its body1 & fall+ headlong into ! dep? ( ! sea4 ,v]se #aa seems to indicate t _m ( ! foll[]s ( ,*ri/ lo/ _! lives 9 ?is conflict1 & ?is d\btless is p>allel ) ! /atem5t t ! man *ild 0 caught up to ,god & to 8 ?rone4 ,x may also imply t 9 ! conflict ! dragon employ$ ! arm ( civil p[] 9 8 opposition to ! tru?4 ,b ,*ri/ianity increas$ not)/&+ ! viol5t opposition4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,septimus ,sev]us1 ab\t ! close ( ! second c5tury1 :5 a viol5t p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians occurr$1 ,t]tullian1 ! fir/ ( ! great ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 wrote a notable apology = ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 address$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,9 ?is important docum5t ?is noble def5d] ( ,*ri/ianity sets =? s cle>ly ! nature ( ! conflict betwe5 tru? & error t ,i %all make r a l5g?y quotation f 8 writ+4 ,rul]s ( ! ,roman ,empire1 he beg9s1 y surely c n =bid ! tru? to rea* y by ! secret pa?way ( a noiseless book4 ,%e kn[s t %e is b a soj\rn] on ! e>?1 & z a /rang] f9ds enemies2 & m1 h] orig91 h] dwell+-place1 h] hope1 h] rew>ds1 h] honors1 are above4 ,"o ?+1 mean:ile1 %e anxi\sly desires ( e>?ly rul]s--n to be condemn$ unkn[n4 ,:at h>m c x d to give h] a he>+8444 ,! outcry is t ! /ate is fill$ ) ,*ri/ians2 t !y are 9 ! fields1 9 ! citadels1 9 ! isl&s4 ,! lam5t is1 z = "s calamity1 t bo? sexes1 e age & condition1 ev5 high rank1 are pass+ ov] to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! outcry is a confession & an argum5t = our cause2 = we are a p ( ye/]day1 & yet we h fill$ e place belong+ to y--cities1 isl&s1 ca/les1 t[ns1 assemblies1 y\r v camp1 y\r tribes1 companies1 palace1 s5ate1 =um4 ,we leave to y y\r temples alone4 ,we c c\nt y\r armies3 our numb]s 9 a s+le prov9ce w be great]4 ,we h x 9 our p[]1 )\t arms & )\t rebellion1 to fight aga9/ y ) ! weapon ( a simple divorce4 ,we c leave y to wage y\r w>s alone4 ,if su* a multitude %\ld )draw into "s remote corn] ( ! _w1 y w\ld d\btless tremble at y\r own solitude1 & ask1 ',( :om are we ! gov]nors8' ,x is a human "r t e man %\ld wor%ip accord+ to 8 own convictions 444 a =c$ religion is no religion at all4444 ,m5 say t ! ,*ri/ians are ! cause ( e public disa/]4 ,if ! ,tib] rises z high z ! city walls1 if ! ,nile does n rise ov] ! fields1 if ! heav5s give no ra91 if !re be an e>?quake1 if a fam9e or pe/il5ce1 /raightway !y cry1 ,away ) ! ,*ri/ians to ! lions4444 ,b g zeal\sly on1 ye good gov]nors1 y w /& high] ) ! p if y kill u1 torture u1 condemn u1 gr9d u to ! du/2 y\r inju/ice is ! pro( t we are innoc5t4 ,god p]mits u to suff]4 ,y\r cruelty avails y no?+4444 ,! (t5] y m[ u d[n1 ! m 9 numb] we gr[2 ! blood ( ,*ri/ians is se$4 ,:at y call our ob/9acy is an in/ructor4 ,= :o t sees x does n inquire = :at we suff]6 ,:o t inquires does n embrace our doctr9es8 ,:o t embraces !m is n ready to give 8 blood = ! fulness ( ,god's grace8 ,sid5ote3 ,! woman's flight ,"u ! figure ( ,mi*ael & 8 angels1 ! e>ly *ur* is repres5t$ z victori\s 9 ca/+ d[n ! p[]s ( hea!nism2 b "u ! symbol ( ! woman1 ! *ur* is app>5tly repres5t$ z defeat$2 = aft] ! ca/+ d[n ( ! dragon x is said1 ,to ! woman 7 giv5 two w+s ( a great eagle1 t %e might fly into ! wild]ness1 into h] place1 :]e %e is n\ri%$ = a "t1 & times1 & half a "t1 f ! face ( ! s]p5t 7v]se #ad74 ,?is agrees ) v]se #f1 :]e x is said t ! woman fl$ into ! wild]ness1 :]e %e ha? a place prep>$ ( ,god1 t !y %\ld fe$ h] !re a ?\s& two hundr$ & ?ree score days4 ,! flight ( ! woman into an obscure place 9 ! wild]ness pres5ts a /rik+ contra/ ) h] fir/ appe>ance 9 ! planet>y heav5s1 :]e %e 0 clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4 ,by ?is sudd5 *ange 9 ! symbolic repres5tation ( ! woman's position is set =? ! ecclesia/ical *ange t took place 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! *ur*'s hi/ory4 ,fir/ %e appe>s z ! glori\s bride ( ,*ri/ adorn$ 9 beauty & spl5dor & radiat+ ! light ( 8 glori\s gospel4 ,%e 0 !n ! light ( ! _w4 ,lat] we f9d a great *ange tak+ place4 ,in/ead ( ! *ur* repres5t+ all ! tru? to ! _w1 we f9d ! beg9n+ ( a great apo/asy1 :i* 9 "t 0 to eclipse & well nigh ext+ui% ! light & glory ( primitive ,*ri/ianity by sub/itut+ 9 its place ! d>kness ( ! apo/asy born 9 ages ( ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,t su* a *ange 9 ! hi/ory ( ! true *ur* %\ld occur 0 pr$ict$ by ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,jesus said1 ,& because iniquity %all ab\nd1 ! love ( _m %all wax cold 7,matt4 #bd3ab74 ,pet] said1 ,!re %all be false tea*]s among y1 :o privily %all br+ 9 damnable h]esies 7#b ,pet4 #b3a74 ,paul said1 ,also ( y\r own selves %all m5 arise1 speak+ p]v]se ?+s1 to draw away disciples aft] !m 7,acts #bj3cj74 ,to ! ,!ssalonians :o _h be5 tr\bl$ ) ! report t ! second com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 !n ne> at h&1 ,paul said1 ,let no man deceive y by any means3 = t day %all n come1 except !re come a fall+ away fir/1 & t man ( s9 be reveal$1 ! son ( p]dition2 :o oppose? & exalte? himself above all t is call$ ,god1 or t is wor%ip$2 s t he z ,god sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 & %[+ himself t he is ,god4444 ,= ! my/]y ( iniquity do? already "w3 only he :o n[ lette? w let1 until he be tak5 out ( ! way4 ,& !n %all t ,wick$ be reveal$1 :om ! ,"l %all consume ) ! _s ( 8 m\?1 & %all de/roy ) ! brightness ( 8 com+ 7#b ,!ss4 #b3c-h74 ,! read] c sc>cely consid] ^! texts )\t p]ceiv+ cle>ly t *ange :i* came ov] ! primitive *ur* result+ 9 a transition f h] glori\s /ate ( innoc5t beauty to ! full-gr[n papacy--! my/]y ( iniquity4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,m$ieval ,,p]iod ,! fact ( hi/ory p]ta9+ to ! true *ur* :i* ,paul describ$ z a fall+ away is repres5t$ by ! ,revelator by ! symbol ( ! woman flee+ into ! wild]ness4 ,! o!r fact m5tion$ by ,paul p]ta9+ to ! rise & developm5t ( ! man ( s9 is repres5t$ 9 ! visions ( ! ,revelation z foll[s3 ,sid5ote3 ,! t5-horn$ leop>d-bea/ ,& ,i /ood ^u ! s& ( ! sea1 & saw a bea/ rise up out ( ! sea1 hav+ sev5 heads & t5 horns1 & ^u 8 horns t5 cr[ns1 & ^u 8 heads ! "n ( blasphemy4 ,& ! bea/ :i* ,i saw 0 l unto a leop>d1 & 8 feet 7 z ! feet ( a be>1 & 8 m\? z ! m\? ( a lion3 & ! dragon gave him 8 p[]1 & 8 seat1 & great au?ority4 ,& ,i saw "o ( 8 heads z x 7 w\nd$ to dea?2 & 8 deadly w\nd 0 heal$3 & all ! _w wond]$ aft] ! bea/4 ,& !y wor%ip$ ! dragon :i* gave p[] unto ! bea/3 & !y wor%ip$ ! bea/1 say+1 ,:o is l unto ! bea/8 :o is able to make w> ) him8 & !re 0 giv5 unto him a m\? speak+ great ?+s & blasphemies2 & p[] 0 giv5 unto him to cont9ue =ty & two mon?s4 ,& he op5$ 8 m\? 9 blasphemy aga9/ ,god1 to blaspheme 8 "n1 & 8 tab]nacle1 & !m t dwell 9 heav54 ,& x 0 giv5 unto him to make w> ) ! sa9ts1 & to ov]come !m3 & p[] 0 giv5 him ov] all k9dr$s1 & tongues1 & nations4 ,& all t dwell ^u ! e>? %all wor%ip him1 ^: names are n writt5 9 ! book ( life ( ! ,lamb sla9 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,if any man h an e>1 let him he>4 ,he t leade? into captivity %all g into captivity3 he t kille? ) ! sword mu/ be kill$ ) ! sword4 ,"h is ! pati5ce & ! fai? ( ! sa9ts 7,rev4 #ac3 #a-aj74 ,f ! nature ( ! symbol employ$1 we %\ld naturally inf] t a p]secut+1 tyrannical k+dom or empire is meant4 ,t su* an application ( ! t]m bea/1 :5 us$ 9 connection ) prophetic symbols1 is correct1 is %[n by a ref]5ce to ! int]pretation giv5 conc]n+ ! f\r? bea/ ( ,daniel's vision4 ,! f\r? bea/ %all be ! f\r? k+dom ^u ! e>? 7,dan4 #g3bc74 ,we h already %[n conclusively t by ! dragon 0 meant ! pagan ,roman ,empire1 & ! same heads & horns are app>5tly ascrib$ to ?is leop>d-bea/1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! cr[ns--a symbol ( sov]eignty--h be5 transf]r$ f ! heads to ! horns4 ,?is sub/antial agreem5t ) ! facts ( hi/ory makes c]ta9 ! id5tification ( ?is bea/ ) ! revis$ we/]n ,roman ,empire "u ! papal =m1 ! sov]eignty be+ ve/$ 9 ! t5 m9or k+doms until !y *ose to give _! p[] & /r5g? unto ! bea/ 7,rev4 #ag3ac74 ,! symbol ( a bea/ consid]$ m]ely z a bea/1 c\ld n1 9 ! nature ( ! case1 signify any?+ m ?an a temporal k+dom or political empire4 ,x w be notic$1 h[ev]1 t ?is p>ticul> prophetic symbol is m ?an a bea/2 =1 comb9$ ) 8 bea/ly nature1 !re are c]ta9 *>act]i/ics :i* unmi/akably belong to ! dep>tm5t ( human life--a m\? speak+ great ?+s2 p[] to magnify himself aga9/ ! ,god ( heav51 to set himself up z an object ( wor%ip1 to s+le out ! sa9ts ( ,god & kill !m1 etc4 ,?is comb9ation ( symbols f ! two dep>tm5ts--animal life & human life--po9ts u ) absolute c]ta9ty to ! political-religi\s sy/em ( ,rome4 ,e hi/orian kn[s t pagan ,rome 0 succe$$ by papal ,rome4 ,! transf] is express$ ?us3 ,& ! dragon gave him 8 p[]1 & 8 seat1 & great au?ority 7v]se #b74 ,! ris+ papacy succe$$ to ! p[] & au?ority =m]ly ex]cis$ by pagan ,rome2 & :5 ! political capital 0 remov$ to ,con/ant9ople1 ! pope 0 left 9 possession ( ! anci5t seat ( empire & gov]nm5t4 ,! bea/ !re=e ref]s to ,rome ei!r z a political p[] or z an ecclesia/ical p[]1 ! context det]m9+ :e!r ! political or ! ecclesia/ical phase is meant 9 a giv5 in/ance4 ,x w be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! lead+ actions ascrib$ to ?is bea/ are d]iv$ f its human *>act]i/ics1 po9t+ un]r+ly to ! papacy = its fulfilm5t4 ,?is bea/ ! _w admir$4 ,& !y wor%ip$ ! dragon :i* gave p[] unto ! bea/2 & !y wor%ip$ ! bea/1 say+1 ,:o is l unto ! bea/8 :o is able to make w> ) him8 ,! expression wor%ip$ ! dragon %[s t ref]5ce is made to ! dragon1 n z a political p[]1 b z a religi\s p[]4 ,?is wor%ip ( ! dragon by ^? :o wor%ip$ ! bea/ :i* succe$$ ! dragon 0 fulfill$ by ! p]petuation "u ! papacy ( ! rites & c]emonies ( paganism4 ,roman ,ca?olicism is a /range amalgamation ( ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & hea!nism4 ,! "p d]iv$ f paganism occupies su* a prom95t place 9 ,roman ,ca?olic practise & wor%ip t we c n fail to obs]ve its close resemblance to1 if n absolute id5tity )1 hea!nism4 ,j to m5tion a few po9ts3 #a4 ,! high prie/ ( ! pagan religion 0 call$ ,pontifex ,maximus1 & he claim$ spiritual & temporal au?ority ov] m54 ,! pope ( ,rome borr[$ ! title & made ! same claims1 ev5 be+ clad 9 ! same attire4 #b4 ,! hea!n wore scapul>s1 m$als1 & images = p]sonal protection4 ,romani/s we> ! same ?+s = ! same purpose4 #c4 ,pagans1 by an (ficial process call$ deification1 rais$ m51 aft] _! dea?1 to a dignifi$ position & accord$ !m special honors & wor%ip4 ,papi/s1 by a simil> process call$ canonization1 exalt m5 aft] _! dea? to ! dignity ( sa9ts & !n (f] up pray]s to !m4 #d4 ,papi/s' adoration ( idols & images 0 also borr[$ direct f ! hea!n2 = all su* practises 7 absolutely =bidd5 by ! ,mosaic law & _h no place 9 primitive ,*ri/ianity4 #e4 ,_! religi\s ord]s ( monks & nuns 7 also 9 imitation ( ! ve/al virg9s ( antiquity4 ,! bea/ is describ$ z a blasphem\s p[]4 ,adam ,cl>ke has /at$ t blasphemy1 9 ,scripture1 signifies impi\s speak+1 :5 appli$ to ,god2 & injuri\s speak+1 :5 direct$ aga9/ our neighbor4 ,a "n ( blasphemy w\ld !re=e prop]ly signify ! pro/itution ( a sacr$ "n to an unholy purpose4 ,an example ( ?is k9d is giv5 9 ,rev4 #b3i1 :]e we read1 ,i "k ! blasphemy ( !m :i* say !y are ,jews1 & are n1 b are ! synagog ( ,satan4 ,9 ?is case c]ta9 wick$ m5 blasphem$ ! "n by call+ !mselves ,jews1 s9ce accord+ to ,scripture 'he only is a ,jew :o is "o inw>dly4' ,b to pro/itute a sacr$ "n to an unwor?y use w\ld be no m impi\s or blasphem\s ?an w\ld ! assumption by man ( ^? rights & pr]ogatives :i* belong to ,god alone4 ,?is ! pope has done = ages4 ,among ! blasphem\s titles :i* he has assum$ are ^!3 ,"l ,god ! ,pope1 ,k+ ( ! ,_w1 ,holy ,fa!r1 ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords1 ,viceg]5t ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,= ages he has claim$ infallibility1 & ?is claim became a dogma ( ! *ur* :5 adopt$ by ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( #ahgj4 ,fur!r1 he claims p[] to disp5se ) ,god's laws1 to =give s9s1 to release f purgatory1 to damn & to save4 ,to call ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! holy *ur* ( ! ,bible is to pro/itute a sacr$ "n to an unwor?y in/itution4 ,& to elevate a man to ! place :]e he z ,god sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 %[+ himself t he is ,god1 by claim+ ^? pr]ogatives :i* belong to ,god only1 is mo/ flagrant blasphemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,a p]secut+ p[] ,& x 0 giv5 unto him to make w> ) ! sa9ts1 & to ov]come !m3 & p[] 0 giv5 him ov] all k9dr$s1 & tongues1 & nations 7*ap4 #ac3 #g74 ,"h we h a direct pr$iction ( t reign ( tyranny 9 ! ,d>k ,ages 9 :i* millions ( p suff]$ m>tyrdom at ! h&s ( papal ,rome4 ,i am aw>e t _m ,ca?olics affirm t _! *ur* nev] p]secut$1 t x 0 ! civil p[] t did ?is dread "w ( slaught]4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ! bea/ ( ,revelation #ac signifies ! imp]ial & ! ecclesia/ical p[] 9 ! close/ union possible2 = ! bea/ appe>s z "o1 ! two phases be+ repres5t$ by ! comb9ation ( symbols f ! two di/9ct dep>tm5ts ( life--human & animal4 ,9 ! sev5te5? *apt] we h ! same di/9ct *>act]i/ics aga9 set =?1 b 9 a diff]5t comb9ation1 ! bea/ appe>+ simply z a bea/1 ?us repres5t+ ! political p[] ( ,rome2 :ile ! ecclesia/ical p[] is repres5t$ by a corrupt woman sitt+ on ! bea/ & direct+ its c\rse4 ,9 t description x is /at$1 ,& ,i saw ! woman drunk5 ) ! blood ( ! sa9ts1 & ) ! blood ( ! m>tyrs ( ,jesus 7v]se #f74 ,! ,romi% *ur* itself is1 !re=e1 repres5t$ z p>ticipat+ 9 ! "w ( m>tyrdom4 ,does ?is div9e pr$iction agree ) ! facts ( hi/ory8 ,x is altoge!r impossible to compute correctly ! numb] ( ^? :o 7 9 diff]5t ways put to dea? = oppos+ ! corruption ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,a million ,wald5ses p]i%$ 9 ,france4 ,n9e hundr$ ?\s& ,*ri/ians 7 sla9 )9 ?irty ye>s aft] ! in/itution ( ! ,jesuits4 ,! ,duke ( ,alva boa/$ t he _h put to dea? #cf1jjj 9 ! ,ne!rl&s by ! h&s ( ! common execution]4 ,! ,inquisition de/roy$ #aej1jjj )9 ?irty ye>s4 ,if x be ass]t$ t ?is 0 accompli%$ by ! secul> arm1 ,i reply t s5t5ce ( dea? 0 pron\nc$ ^u s-call$ h]etics by ! *ur* & t ! secul> p[] 0 simply a tool = c>ry+ ! b>b>\s s5t5ce into execution4 ,we c n =get t ! pope applaud$ ,*>les ,,ix ( ,france & 8 infam\s "m1 ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 = _! "p 9 ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & ord]$ a m$al /ruck 9 honor ( ! ev5t2 t foll[+ ! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 :5 #cjj1jjj 7 cruelly but*]$ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,xi extoll$ ! k+ by special lett]1 z foll[s3 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* %all mo/ assur$ly record 9 h] sacr$ annals a "w ( su* devotion t[>d h] & ,,celebrate ,,y\r ,,"n ,,) ,,nev]-,,dy+ ,,praises 444 = ?is mo/ excell5t und]tak+4 ,pop]y has = ages claim$ ! "r to ext]m9ate by dea? ^? :o 7 h]etics4 ,num]\s prov9cial & national c\ncils h issu$ cruel & bloody laws = ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,wald5ses & o!r s-call$ h]etics4 ,besides ^!1 at lea/ six ( _! ,g5]al ,c\ncils1 ! highe/ judicial assemblies ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ) ! popes !mselves sometimes pres5t 9 p]son1 h by _! decrees pron\nc$ ! puni%m5t ( dea? = h]esy3 #a4 ,! ,second ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an 7#aaci7 9 its tw5ty-?ird canon4 #b4 ,! ,?ird ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an 7#aagi71 "u ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii4 #c4 ,! ,f\r? ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an 7#abae71 "u ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii4 #d4 ,! ,sixte5? ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 held at ,con/ance 9 #adad4 ,?is c\ncil1 ) ,pope ,m>t9 pres5t 9 p]son1 condemn$ ! re=m]s ,huss & ,j]ome to be burn$ at ! /ake1 & !n prevail$ on ! ,emp]or ,sigismund to violate ! safe conduct :i* he _h giv5 ,huss & sign$ by 8 own h& & 9 :i* he _h gu>ante$ ! re=m] a safe return to ,bohemia2 & ?is inhuman s5t5ce aga9/ ,huss 0 !n c>ri$ out4 #e4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,si5na 7#adbc71 :i* 0 aft]w>ds cont9u$ at ,basil4 #f4 ,! ,fif? ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,lat]an 7#aead74 ,t su* tea*+s & practises 7 an integral "p ( ,romanism is easily %[n4 ,/4 ,aqu9as1 ! angelic doctor1 argu$ t h]etics might ju/ly be kill$4 ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 9 a ,lat9 "w1 ,de ,laicis1 /ill extant1 ent]$ into a regul> argum5t to prove t ! *ur* has ! "r ( puni%+ h]etics ) dea? & %\ld ex]cise t "r4 ,bell>m9e 0 a nephew ( "o pope & a close fri5d & associate ( o!rs1 a *ampion ( ,romanism1 & a def5d] ( its doctr9es4 ,9 ! "w above ref]r$ to be decl>es t h]etics 7 (t5 burn$ ,,by ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,! ,donati/s1 ,mani*eans1 & ,albig5ses 7 r\t$ & annihilat$ by arms4 ,_m timid-he>t$ ,*ri/ians 9 ! pres5t age ( religi\s tol]ation ?9k t x is almo/ un*ri/ianlike = u to br+ up & lay to ! *>ge ( ,rome su* a sweep+ indictm5t = ^? massacres ( ,*ri/ians 9 a b>b>\s age4 ,su* x w\ld be _h ,rome ev] disav[$ ^! acts or %[n any signs ( true rep5tance4 ,! fact is t x is ! boa/ ( ,ca?olics t ,rome nev] *anges4 ,well has ,*>les ,butl] said1 ,x is mo/ true t ! ,roman ,ca?olics believe ! doctr9es ( _! *ur* to be un*angeable2 & t x is a t5et ( _! cre$1 t :at _! fai? ev] has be51 su* x 0 f ! beg9n+1 su* x is n[1 & su* x ev] w be4 ,9 a copy ( ! elev5? edition ( ,! ,fai? ( ,our ,fa!rs1 by ,c>d9al ,gibbons1 page #ie1 ,i read3 ,x is a m>vel\s fact1 wor?y ( record1 t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! *ur*1 f ! n9ete5? c5tury to ! fir/1 no solit>y example c be adduc$ to %[ t any pope or g5]al c\ncil ev] revok$ a decree ( fai? or morals enact$ by any prec$+ pontiff or c\ncil4 ,h] record 9 ! pa/ ought to be a suffici5t w>rant t %e w tol]ate no doctr9al v>iations 9 ! future4 ,s ! doctr9e ( h] inh]5t "r to p]secute & slay e "o :o disagrees ) h]1 :i* has be5 enact$ by popes & g5]al c\ncils & c>ri$ out 9 ! pa/1 is /ill 9 vogue4 ,& ,i saw ! woman drunk ) ! blood ( ! sa9ts1 & ) ! blood ( ! m>tyrs ( ,jesus4 ,9 our /udy ( ,revelation #ab & #ac we h obs]v$ t ,rome 9 its tw(old =m--pagan & papal--is repres5t$ by ! dragon & ! bea/ respectively4 ,?is has be5 e/abli%$ s cle>ly z to remove well nigh all d\bt conc]n+ ! id5tification4 ,x w be pr(itable1 h[ev]1 to give brief consid]ation to c]ta9 p>allel prophecies 9 ,daniel2 = 9 addition to cov]+ ! same gr\nd & describ+ "u o!r symbols ! same g5]al facts ( hi/ory1 !y furni% u an infallible />t+-/ake1 ?us e/abli%+ def9itely ! tru? ( ! int]pretation conc]n+ ! ,roman p[]1 & giv+ u a solid basis f :i* we c proce$ ) logical c]ta9ty to ! int]pretation ( o!r symbols 9 ! ,revelation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! image ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream ,9 ! second *apt] ( ,daniel we h ! n>rative ( a dream :i* ,nebu*adnezz>1 k+ ( ,babylon1 _h dur+ ! "t ( ! ,jewi% captivity 9 t city4 ,aft] ! k+ awoke1 he 0 s confus$ t not)/&+ ! deep impression made by 8 nocturnal exp]i5ce1 he c\ld n recall to m9d ! dream itself4 ,he !re=e _h rec\rse to ! ,*aldeans & wise m5 ( 8 realm4 ,!y fail$ to make kn[n 8 dream1 :]eupon he became furi\s & decre$ _! dea?4 ,at ?is juncture ,daniel came =w>d & ann\nc$ t if giv5 "t he w\ld fulfil ! k+'s desire1 & %ortly aft]w>d he appe>$ be=e ! k+ & address$ him z foll[s3 ,?\1 ,o k+1 sawe/1 & behold a great image4 ,?is great image1 ^: brightness 0 excell5t1 /ood be=e !e3 & ! =m !re( 0 t]rible4 ,?is image's head 0 ( f9e gold1 8 brea/ & 8 arms ( silv]1 8 belly & 8 ?ighs ( brass1 8 legs ( iron1 8 feet "p ( iron & "p ( clay4 ,?\ sawe/ till t a /one 0 cut out )\t h&s1 :i* smote ! image ^u 8 feet t 7 ( iron & clay1 & brake !m to pieces4 ,!n 0 ! iron1 ! clay1 ! brass1 ! silv]1 & ! gold1 brok5 to pieces toge!r1 & became l ! *aff ( ! summ] ?re%+-floors2 & ! w9d c>ri$ !m away1 t no place 0 f\nd = !m3 & ! /one t smote ! image became a great m\nta91 & fill$ ! :ole e>? 7,dan4 #b3ca-ce74 ,! int]pretation ( ?is dream1 z giv5 by ! prophet1 p>ticul>ly conc]ns & int]e/s u4 ,said ,daniel3 ,?is is ! dream2 & we w tell ! int]pretation !re( be=e ! k+4 ,?\1 ,o k+1 art a k+ ( k+s3 = ! ,god ( heav5 ha? giv5 !e a k+dom1 p[]1 & /r5g?1 & glory4 ,& :]esoev] ! *ildr5 ( m5 dwell1 ! bea/s ( ! field & ! f[ls ( ! heav5 ha? he giv5 into ?9e h&1 & ha? made !e rul] ov] !m all4 ,?\ art ?is head ( gold 7v]ses #cf-ch74 ,at ! "t ( ?is vision ! ,*aldean mon>*y 0 9 ! height ( h] p[] & glory4 ,babylon1 ! capital city1 0 ! *ief pride ( ! ,*aldees' excell5cy1 conta9+ ^? magnific5t hang+ g>d5s1 "o ( ! ,sev5 ,wond]s ( ! anci5t _w4 ,nebu*adnezz> 0 po9t$ out p>ticul>ly z ! head ( gold 9 ! image1 b we %\ld be> 9 m9d t 9 ! g5]al language ( prophecy1 k+s signify n m]ely individual mon>*s b mon>*ies "u a succession ( pr9ces ( ! same nation4 ,t ! real significance ( ! head ( gold is ! ,babylonian ,k+dom or ,mon>*y is %[n by ! fact t 9 ! description ( ! o!r ?ree divisions ( ! same image !y are ref]r$ to directly z k+doms4 ,! ,babylonian ,k+dom came to an end ) ! dea? ( ,bel%azz>1 & ! ov]?r[ ( 8 fa!r ,nabonadius 9 #ech ,b4,c4 ,& aft] !e %all arise ano!r k+dom inf]ior to !e 7v]se #ci74 ,?is is ! explanation giv5 ( t "p ( ! image repres5t$ by ! brea/ & arms ( silv]4 ,?is ref]s to ! ,m$o-,p]sian empire1 :i*1 "u ,cyrus ! ,great1 captur$ ,babylon #ech ,b4,c4 & t]m9at$ ! ,*aldean empire4 ,! ,p]sian k+dom 0 9 c]ta9 respects inf]ior to ! ,*aldean1 j z silv] is inf]ior to gold4 ,x 0 nei!r z weal?y nor z prosp]\s1 & 0 p>ticul>ly inf]ior 9 ! "* ( its k+s1 = f ! dea? ( ,cyrus !y are said to h be5 z vile a set ( m5 z ev] disgrac$ human nature4 ,& ano!r ?ird k+dom ( brass1 :i* %all be> rule ov] all ! e>?4 ,?is ref]s to ! ,mac$onian1 or ,greek1 empire f\nd$ by ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,aft] subdu+ ,greece & r$uc+ ,egypt1 ,alex&] p5etrat$ into ,asia1 took ,tyre1 met & ov]?rew ,d>ius ! ,p]sian at ,arbela1 9 #cca ,b4,c41 ?us t]m9at+ ! ,p]sian ,empire4 ,! ,grecian ,k+dom _h less ext]nal magnific5ce ?an ^? :i* prec$$ x & 0 f\nd$ & ma9ta9$ by =ce ( arms2 b x 0 m ext5sive ?an ! o!rs1 includ+ _m dom9ions 9 ,europe1 ,africa1 & regions f>!r to ! ea/ 9 ,asia ?an _h be=e be5 p5etrat$4 ,x 0 =etold t ?is k+dom %\ld be> rule ov] all ! e>?2 x 0 ! ma9 boa/ ( ,alex&] t he _h subdu$ ! :ole _w4 ,& ! f\r? k+dom %all be /rong z iron3 =asmu* z iron breake? 9 pieces & subdue? all ?+s3 & z iron t breake? all ^!1 %all x break 9 pieces & bruise 7v]se #dj74 ,?is corresponds to ! legs ( iron1 8 feet "p ( iron & "p ( clay1 9 ! dream itself4 ,! ref]5ce is to ! ,roman ,empire1 :i* succe$$ ! ,grecian4 ,:e!r or n ! two legs _h any special significance is n /at$1 b comm5tators frequ5tly ref] u to ! two divisions into :i* ! empire ( ,rome 0 aft]w>ds divid$--,ea/ & ,we/4 ,s also ! t5 toes ( ! image are (t5 expla9$ z signify+ ! t5 m9or k+doms :i* grew out ( ! empire4 ,b we %\ld be> 9 m9d t ?is is n /at$ ei!r 9 ! vision itself or 9 its inspir$ int]pretation4 ,only f\r k+doms are ref]r$ to z su*4 ,! f\r? division1 repres5t+ ,rome 79 bo? its /rong & its weak condition71 is describ$ simply z ! k+dom1 ! f\r? k+dom4 ,! ,roman ,k+dom 0 at fir/ z /rong z iron4 ,no o!r p h ev] made su* ext5sive conque/s ?r\gh a long p]iod ( "t z did ! ,romans4 ,if ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream br\ght a man into prom95ce z a symbolic object1 we %\ld ?9k t1 9 accordance ) ! nature ( symbols1 a religi\s p[] or p[]s only 7 int5d$2 b ! symbol is n a man1 b only ! image ( a man1 & t image is compos$ ( inanimate mat]ials1 :i*1 drawn f ! dep>tm5t ( nature1 ref] to some?+ political4 ,we !re=e h political k+doms set =?4 ,! v fact t !y are repres5t$ z appe>+ 9 ! =m ( a man1 h[ev]1 may at lea/ allude to _! be+ political p[]s comb9$ ) religi\s sy/ems4 ,b ! comb9ation is n su* a "o z w\ld naturally lead u to conclude t ref]5ce is made to ,god's *ur*4 ,! description ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream repres5t$ a /one cut out )\t h&s1 :i* smote ! image ^u 8 feet t 7 ( iron & clay1 & brake !m to pieces 7v]se #cd74 ,! int]pretation ( ?is ev5t is giv5 z foll[s3 ,& 9 ! days ( ^! k+s %all ! ,god ( heav5 set up a k+dom1 :i* %all nev] be de/roy$3 & ! k+dom %all n be left to o!r p1 b x %all break 9 pieces & consume all ^! k+doms1 & x %all /& =ev] 7v]se #dd74 ,! k+dom ( ,god appe>s z ! fif? univ]sal k+dom1 de/9$ to survive & surpass all o!rs4 ,x is ( div9e orig91 cut out )\t h&s4 ,! o!r k+doms are simil> 9 _! nature & closely connect$1 9 ! s+le image ( a man2 b ! k+dom ( ,god is altoge!r diff]5t & antagoni/ic4 ,! prophecy ref]s to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity2 =1 be x obs]v$1 ?is /one /ruck ! image :5 all its f\r divisions 7 yet /&+4 ,n1 only 0 ! iron & ! clay brok5 by ! impact1 b ! iron1 ! clay1 ! brass1 ! silv]1 & ! gold 7 brok5 to pieces ,,toge!r1 & became l ! *aff ( ! summ] ?re%+-floors 7v]se #ce74 ,"h is a mo/ important fact :olly unnotic$ by ^? mill5niali/s :o look to ! future ( our day = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,if ! /one has n yet /ruck ! image1 !n ! *ief "p ( ! prophetic description nev] c be fulfill$2 = !re is no s5se 9 :i* ! adv5t ( ! div9e k+dom 9 ?is late age ( ! _w c break 9 pieces ! entire image ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream1 !re be+ no way 9 :i* x c tru?fully be said t its f\r divisions are yet /&+4 ,all ^! facts 7 true 9 ! days ( ,rome1 h[ev]1 :5 ,*ri/ appe>$4 ,! ,roman ,k+dom possess$ all ! di/+ui%+ m>ks & *>act]i/ics ( ! prec$+ empires4 ,?is is true n only ( _! t]ritorial possession b ( _! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics4 ,! opul5ce ( ! ,babylonians1 ! spl5dor ( ! ,p]sians1 ! /r5g? & discipl9e ( ! ,greeks1 7 all m]g$ into ! ,roman ,empire4 ,& m ?an ?is1 ^! k+doms 7 all idolatr\s1 & ! religion ( ! ,babylonians 0 m]ely absorb$ 9 ! ,p]sian ,k+dom 7n de/roy$72 t ( ! ,p]sian 0 p]petuat$ "u ! ,greek reign2 & all ^! f\nd recognition 9 ! div]s =ms ( paganism exi/+ "u ,rome4 ,9 ?is s5se ! image1 z oppos$ to ! div9e k+dom ( ,*ri/1 0 all /&+ at ! "t ( ! fir/ adv5t ( ! ,messiah1 & ! ov]?r[ ( paganism by e>ly ,*ri/ianity corresponds ) ! /roke giv5 by ! little /one ( ,daniel #b4 ,notice h[ ?is fulfilm5t is p>allel ) ! prophecies ( ! ,revelation4 ,9 *apt] #ab ! ,roman ,empire "u its pagan =m is repres5t$ by ! dragon4 ,*ri/ianity wag$ w>f>e ) ?is huge sy/em ( false religion & ov]?rew x4 ,& ,i he>d a l\d voice say+ 9 heav51 ,n[ is come salvation1 & /r5g?1 & ! k+dom ( our ,god1 & ! p[] ( 8 ,*ri/ 7*ap4 #ab3aj74 ,! k+dom repres5t$ 9 ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream came 9 ! day ( inc>nation & soon smote ! k+doms ( hea!n d>kness z exi/+ 9 ! embrace ( ,rome1 & broke !m 9 pieces4 ,x 0 !n 9 ! /age repres5t$ by a /one4 ,at a lat] "t we %all obs]ve ! k+dom 9 its m\nta9 epo*1 :5 x becomes a great m\nta9 & fills ! :ole e>?4 ,sid5ote3 ,vision ( f\r bea/s ,! f\r con/itu5t p>ts ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s vision>y image 7 int]pret$ to signify f\r successive mon>*ies1 ! ,babylonian be+ ! fir/4 ,9 ! sev5? *apt] ,daniel records 8 own vision ( f\r great bea/s t arose out ( ! viol5tly agitat$ sea1 & ^! repres5t ! same f\r k+doms describ$ 9 ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream4 ,^! great bea/s1 :i* are f\r1 are f\r k+s1 :i* %all arise out ( ! e>? 7v]se #ag74 ,to ! worldly1 c>nal m9d ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 empires possess$ a %[ ( gr&eur & glory1 & !y 7 !re=e repres5t$ accord+ly 9 8 vision2 b to ! spiritual-m9d$ ,daniel !y w\ld appe> odi\s & t]rible1 & !y 7 !re=e repres5t$ to him "u ! symbol ( dev\r+ bea/s4 ,! k+doms symboliz$ by ! fir/ ?ree bea/s ( ?is vision h no p>ticul> be>+ on our subject1 aside f assi/+ u 9 fix+ ! *ronology ( c]ta9 ev5ts4 ,! fir/ bea/ signifies ! ,babylonian ,empire1 correspond+ to ! head ( ! image 9 ,nebu*adnezz>'s vision2 ! second1 ! ,m$o-,p]sian1 correspond+ to ! brea/ & arms ( silv]2 ! ?ird1 ! ,grecian1 correspond+ to ! belly & ?ighs ( brass4 ,! description ( ^! bea/s %[s t 9 "o s5se !y are successive & 9 ano!r s5se simultane\s4 ,i h already %[n t ! entire image ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s dream 0 /&+ 9 ! days ( ,roman asc5d5cy1 :5 ! k+dom ( ,god came4 ,! same fact is br\ght out 9 ! *apt] n[ "u consid]ation4 ,aft] m5tion+ p>ticul>ly ! f\r? bea/1 ,daniel says1 ,z conc]n+ ! re/ ( ! bea/s1 !y _h _! dom9ion tak5 away3 yet _! lives 7 prolong$ = a season & "t 7v]se #ab74 ,:5 ^! k+doms lo/ _! indep5d5t sov]eignty1 !y /ill cont9u$ z prov9ces1 rul$ by ano!r simil> p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! f\r? bea/ ,! description ( ! f\r? bea/ directly conc]ns our subject3 ,aft] ?is ,i saw 9 ! night visions1 & behold a f\r? bea/1 dreadful & t]rible1 & /rong exce$+ly2 & x _h great iron tee?3 x dev\r$ & brake 9 pieces1 & /amp$ ! residue ) ! feet ( x3 & x 0 div]se f all ! bea/s t 7 be=e x2 & x _h t5 horns4 ,i consid]$ ! horns1 &1 behold1 !re came up among !m ano!r little horn1 be=e :om !re 7 ?ree ( ! fir/ horns pluck$ up by ! roots3 &1 behold1 9 ?is horn 7 eyes l ! eyes ( man1 & a m\? speak+ great ?+s 7v]ses #g1 #h74 ,! int]pretation ( ?is bea/ giv5 by ! angel possesses unusual int]e/4 ,?us he said1 ,! f\r? bea/ %all be ! f\r? k+dom ^u e>?1 :i* %all be div]se f all k+doms1 & %all dev\r ! :ole e>?1 & %all tread x d[n1 & break x 9 pieces4 ,& ! t5 horns out ( ?is k+dom are t5 k+s t %all arise 7v]ses #bc1 #bd74 ,s9ce ! int]pretation giv5 by ,daniel id5tifies ! fir/ k+dom ) ! ,babylonian ,empire1 we h an infallible />t+-/ake4 ,!re=e ! f\r? k+dom repres5t$ by ! t]rible nondescript bea/ ( *apt] #g is none o!r ?an ! ,roman4 ,! t5 horns ( ?is bea/ are int]pret$ to signify t5 k+s1 or k+doms1 ?us repres5t+ ! t5 m9or k+doms into :i* ! ,roman ,empire 0 f9ally subdivid$4 ,! description giv5 ( ! tyrannical reign ( ?is f\r? bea/ aptly portrays ! hi/ory ( ,rome4 ,by w>s & conque/s ! ,roman p[] broke d[n all opposition & r$uc$ almo/ e k+dom 9 ! !n-kn[n _w to a /ate ( dep5d5ce4 ,%e drew ! spoils ( _! capitals to enl>ge h] own pr\d metropolis & ?us tyranniz$ ov] all :o did n quietly yield to h] unque/ion$ ob$i5ce4 ,! bea/ consid]$ z a bea/1 c\ld signify no?+ m ?an a political p[]1 & ! t5 horns temporal k+doms4 ,b 9 ?is connection ,i wi% to call att5tion to a s+ul> fact2 namely1 t1 associat$ ) ! animal prop5sities1 !re are c]ta9 *>act]i/ics drawn f human life4 ,i consid]$ ! horns1 &1 behold1 !re came up among !m ano!r little horn1 be=e :om !re 7 ?ree ( ! fir/ horns pluck$ up by ! roots3 &1 behold1 9 ?is horn 7 eyes l ! eyes ( a man1 & a m\? speak+ great ?+s 7v]se #h74 ,sid5ote3 ,! m>vel\s horn ,a horn ) ! eyes & m\? ( a man is a mo/ unusual ?+1 & yet x is j su* a comb9ation z we might expect :5 we possess a correct und]/&+ ( ! nature ( symbols4 ,^! closely unit$ symbols drawn f two dep>tm5ts--human & animal life--po9t u ) absolute c]ta9ty to a temporal p[] comb9$ ) an ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,! *ronology ( ! ev5t is fix$ by ! fact t ?is elev5? horn came up among ! t5 horns1 ?ree ( ! orig9al t5 be+ remov$ 9 ord] to give x room4 ,! t5 k+doms all arose )9 two c5turies aft] #cef ,a4,d42 !re=e ! facts br\ght out 9 ! symbol direct u to ! p]iod ( ! d[nfall ( ,we/]n ,rome = ! rise into prom95ce ( ! little horn4 ,9 giv+ ,daniel ! int]pretation ( ! f\r? bea/1 ! angel also describ$ m p>ticul>ly ?is little horn & ! nature ( its "w4 ,fir/ ,daniel said3 ,i w\ld "k ! tru? ( ! f\r? bea/ 444 & ( ! t5 horns t 7 9 8 head1 & ( ! o!r :i* came up1 & be=e :om ?ree fell2 ev5 ( t horn t _h eyes1 & a m\? t spake v great ?+s1 ^: look 0 m /\t ?an 8 fell[s4 ,i beheld1 & ! same horn made w> ) ! sa9ts1 & prevail$ aga9/ !m 7v]ses #ai-ba74 ,& ! angel expla9$3 ,! f\r? bea/ %all be ! f\r? k+dom ^u e>? 444 & ! t5 horns out ( ?is k+dom are t5 k+s t %all arise3 ano!r %all rise aft] !m2 & he %all be div]se f ! fir/1 & he %all subdue ?ree k+s4 ,& he %all speak great words aga9/ ! mo/ ,high1 & ?9k to *ange times & laws3 & !y %all be giv5 into 8 h& until a "t & times & ! divid+ ( "t4 ,b ! judgm5t %all sit1 & !y %all take away 8 dom9ion1 to consume & to de/roy x unto ! end 7v]ses #bc-bf74 ,) ! explanation t ! f\r? bea/ signifi$ ! f\r? k+dom1 x is impossible to evade ! conclusion t ! politico-religi\s p[] symboliz$ by ! little horn t came up among ! t5 horns ref]s directly to ! papacy4 ,!re is no o!r object t c fulfil ! prophecy4 ,! papacy 0 j beg9n+ to make itself /rongly felt among ! divisions ( ! ,we/]n ,roman ,empire1 & x is a fact ( hi/ory t ?ree ( ! orig9al t5 divisions 9 ! t]ritory ( ,italy 7 actually pluck$ up successively be=e ! ris+ papacy z if to give x room = developm5t4 ,:5 ! ,we/]n ,empire 0 ov]?r[n 9 ,a4,d4 #dgf1 ! k+dom ( ! ,h]uli 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,italy4 ,9 #dic ?is 0 succe$$ by ! ,o/rogo?s1 :i* cont9u$ = sixty ye>s & 0 aft]w>ds succe$$ by ! ,lomb>ds4 ,! ,lomb>d ,k+dom 0 ov]?r[n by ,pep9 & ,*>lemagne1 :o gave a l>ge "p ( ! conqu]$ t]ritory to ! pope1 ?us favor+ ! papacy ) h] fir/ temporal p[]4 ,?is grant complet$ ! symbol ( ,daniel's vision by con/itut+ ! papacy a temporal z well z an ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,! description ( ! great ?+s spok5 by ! m\? ( ! little horn & ( ! p]secution ( ! true sa9ts ( ,god by ?is p[] corresponds s m9utely ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ! fir/ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac t no fur!r description is "h necess>y4 ,x is said t he w\ld also ?9k to *ange times & laws4 ,! language is spok5 z if ?is 7 a mo/ extraord9>y ?+ to d4 ,surely x is no extraord9>y ?+ = a k+ to alt] secul> laws 9 8 own dom9ion2 & s f> z hea!n k+doms are conc]n$1 x w\ld be no sacrilegi\s act = !m to alt] _! religi\s laws & cu/oms4 ,b ! little horn 0 to set himself up aga9/ ! ,mo/ ,high & ?9k to *ange ,8 times & laws--an act ( unp>allel$ audacity1 impiety1 & blasphemy4 ,?is description ! papacy has consi/5tly & con/antly fulfill$4 ,! pope has assum$ ! p[] to make "t holy or unholy z he sees fit2 to comm& m5 to ab/a9 f meat & to cease "w1 contr>y to ! dem&s ( ,god4 ,he has claim$ ! p[] to disp5se ) ,god's laws or ob$i5ce to !m1 =bidd+ to m>ry1 & ?r\gh 8 indulg5ces to remit ! p5alty due to s94 ,! /ud5t ( prophecy c n fail to see ! /rik+ simil>ity betwe5 ! description ( ! little horn 9 ,daniel #g & t ( ! t5-horn$ leop>d-bea/ ( ,revelation #ac4 ,! foll[+ p>allels prove _! id5tity3 #a4 ,bo? are blasphem\s p[]s 7,dan4 #g3be2 ,rev4 #ac3f74 #b4 ,!y speak great ?+s & blasphemies 7,dan4 #g3h1 #bj2 ,rev4 #ac3e74 #c4 ,bo? are p]secut+ p[]s mak+ w> on ! sa9ts 7,dan4 #g3ba2 ,rev4 #ac3g74 #d4 ,! *ronology ( ea* %[s t ! p[] rose to prom95ce ab\t ! "t ( ! cessation ( ! pagan ,roman ,empire4 #e4 ,! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* !y 7 to cont9ue is ! same--=ty-two mon?s1 or twelve hundr$ & sixty days4 #f4 ,bo? are to be gradually b f9ally de/roy$ 7,dan4 #g3bf2 ,rev4 #ac3aj74 ,^! p[]s1 !n1 appe> at ! same "t1 9 ! same t]ritory1 h ! same "*1 d ! same "w1 cont9ue ! same l5g? ( "t1 & meet ! same fate4 ,^! facts prove id5tity4 ,we h1 !re=e1 positive pro( drawn f ! p>allel prophecies 9 ,daniel t ! fir/ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac signifies ! politico-religi\s sy/em ( ,rome4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5g? ( papal reign ,! id5tification ( ! little horn ( ,daniel #g ) ! leop>d-bea/ ( ,revelation #ac is n[ complete4 ,t bo? apply to ! papacy has be5 conclusively %[n4 ,we %all n[ turn our att5tion to ! l5g? ( "t t ?is p[] 0 to reign4 ,daniel limits ! triumph ( ! little horn to a "t & times & ! divid+ ( "t 7,dan4 #g3be74 ,"t1 9 ! s+ul>1 ( c\rse1 signifies "o "t4 ,times1 plural1 )\t a designat+ numb]1 signifies two times4 ,! divid+ ( "t is r5d]$ 9 *apt] #ab3g1 also 9 bo? texts 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 a half4 ,s ! entire p]iod is ?ree & a half times4 ,! sev5-ye> p]iod ( ,nebu*adnezz>'s insanity is describ$ z sev5 times 7*ap4 #d3be74 ,we !re=e conclude t ! p]iod ( ?ree & a half times signifies ?ree & a half ye>s4 ,?is agrees ) ! reign ( ! leop>d bea/ ( ,revelation #ac1 namely1 =ty & two mon?s 7v]se #e71 or accord+ to ! ,jewi% me?od ( comput+ "t--?irty days to ! mon?--twelve hundr$ & sixty days4 ,notice t ?is also agrees bo? 9 ! mann] ( /atem5t & 9 po9t ( duration ) ! flight ( ! woman into ! wild]ness1 z describ$ 9 ,revelation #ab4 ,%e 0 to be n\ri%$ = a "t1 & times1 & half a "t 7v]se #ad71 :i* p]iod is spok5 ( 9 v]se #f ( ! same *apt] z a ?\s& two hundr$ & ?reescore days4 ,! t]ms ord9>ily us$ to measure ! duration ( "t may be & (t5 are us$ 9 a symbolic s5se2 = "t1 z well z any?+ else1 c be symboliz$4 ,?us days may prop]ly symbolize ye>s2 = !y are analog\s p]iods ( "t1 ! diurnal revolution ( ! e>? be+ tak5 to repres5t ! e>?'s annual movem5t4 ,o!r /&>ds ( reckon+ may also be employ$ symbolically1 b ! "o "h ref]r$ to is d\btless mo/ frequ5tly employ$4 ,su* a sy/em ( reckon+ "t 0 kn[n anci5tly4 ,! ,mosaic law recogniz$ two k9ds ( weeks1 ! fir/ ( sev5 days' duration1 ! la/ day ( :i* 0 a ,sabba?2 ano!r week ( sev5 ye>s' duration1 ! la/ ye> be+ a ,sabba? ( re/ = ! l&4 ,?is fact expla9s su* expressions z =ty days1 ea* day = a ye> 7,num4 #ad3cd71 & ,i h appo9t$ !e ea* day = a ye> 7,ezek4 #d3f74 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ye>-day me?od ( comput+ "t is us$ 9 ! prophecy ( ,daniel #i1 ! sixty-n9e weeks rea*+ f ! "t ( ! decree ( ,artax]xes 9 #deg ,b4,c4 until ,a4,d4 #bf1 ! ye> :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ & ent]$ on 8 p]sonal m9i/ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,! correct />t+-po9t ,apply+ ! ye>-day /&>d to ! p]iod ( twelve hundr$ & sixty days1 we h twelve hundr$ & sixty ye>s4 ,! next "q to arise is1 ,:at date %all we select z ! prop] "t f :i* to measure ?is #a1bfj-ye> p]iod8 ,x is important t we correctly solve ?is "q4 ,expositors h select$ diff]5t dates4 ,!y usually po9t out "s p>ticul> hi/orical date hav+ an important be>+ on ,rome's developm5t2 z1 = example1 ,a4,d4 #fjf1 :5 ,phocas1 ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/1 accord$ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome special recognition4 ,b ! papacy grew up 9 ! ,we/4 ,if we are to reg>d z ( unusual importance political recognition ( ! claims ( ! papacy1 :y n give pref]5ce to imp]ial recognition 9 ! v section t con/itut$ ! home ( ! papacy8 ,be=e consid]+ fur!r ! relation ( ! gr[+ papacy to ! imp]ial p[] 9 ! ,we/]n ,empire1 ,i mu/ call att5tion to an important fact g5]ally ov]look$ or disreg>d$ by expositors4 ,! #a1bfj-ye> p]iod n only m>ks ! "t ( triumph by ! bea/-p[]1 b also measures ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! woman1 or true *ur*1 0 to be seclud$ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,two p>allel l9es ( prophetic tru?--respect+ ! true *ur* & a false *ur*--are !re=e set =? z coexi/5t & 9 contra/ ) ea* o!r4 ,! correct />t+-/ake c n1 !re=e1 be :5 ! papacy _h obta9$ complete asc5d5cy1 = ?is w\ld be too late to consi/5tly beg9 to measure ! decay$ /ate ( ! true *ur*4 ,! date select$ mu/ be consi/5t ) bo? l9es ( prophecy4 ,! apo/asy did n take place sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 b 0 a gradual decl9e1 a fall+ away2 & ! papacy1 on ! o!r h&1 did n rise to great p[] sudd5ly1 b grew up by degrees4 ,x 0 at fir/ a little horn1 b f9ally 8 look 0 m /\t ?an 8 fell[s4 ,paul says t ! my/]y ( iniquity--! se$ ( apo/asy--0 already work+ 9 8 day & t lat] t ,wick$ %\ld be reveal$ 9 all its t]rible features 7see #b ,!ss4 #b3c-h74 ,we !re=e h to deal ) a slid+-scale1 a gradual decl9e on ! "p ( ! true *ur*1 & a con/ant increase ( t false1 apo/ate p[] :i* f9ally culm9at$ 9 ! full-gr[n papacy4 ,be>+ 9 m9d t ! #a1bfj-ye> p]iod measures bo? phases1 we are oblig$ to select = our beg9n+ a "t ab\t half way betwe5 bo? extremes1 a "t :51 we might say1 ! fall+ away f ! pure apo/olic tru? & /&>d 0 ab\t half complet$ & :5 ! papacy 0 ab\t half develop$4 ,:ile ! woman 0 seclud$ 9 ! wild]ness1 ! bea/-p[] occupi$ ! public view2 & ?is 0 exactly ! rev]se ( apo/olic times1 :5 ! woman 0 exalt$ above all & be=e all1 clo!d ) ! sun & ) ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! extreme ( d>ke/ night succe$$ ! light ( glori\s day4 ,! p]iod ( ! fir/ apo/les 0 ! p]iod ( ! *ur*'s purity & triumph4 ,9 _! h&s ! cause 0 safe & ! pure tru? %[n =? 9 beauty & p[]4 ,b ) ! close ( ! apo/olic era1 ! apo/asy came on at a rapid rate1 z ! extant writ+s ( ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs %[4 ,by ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ! light ( ! gospel 0 eclips$ 9 ! d>kness ( ,romanism4 ,dur+ ?is c5tury ! papacy secur$ political recognition ( its claims to direct jurisdiction ov] all *ur*es4 ,?is occurr$ dur+ ! pontificate ( ,leo ,i1 :o1 because ( 8 success 9 fur!r+ ! int]e/s ( ! pop$om1 %>es alone ) ,pope ,gregory ! title ( ! ,great4 ,to quote f ! ,new ,s*aff-,h]zog ,encyclop$ia1 ,leo ent]$ ^u a pontificate :i* 0 to be epo*-mak+ = ! c5tralization ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*4 ,political causes comb9$ to advance ! claims ( ! papacy to univ]sal recognition4 ,attila1 ) 8 fi]ce b>b>ians1 invad$ ,italy & laid wa/e _m ( h] faire/ prov9ces & !n advanc$ boldly on ,rome1 :]eupon ,pope ,leo w5t out to ! camp ( ! invad]s & secur$ ! evacuation ( ,italy4 ,! pope obta9$ ! full support ( ,val5t9ian ,,iii4 ,9 #dde ,leo en=c$ au?ority 9 ! di/ant patri>*ate ( ,alex&ria4 ,9 #ddd-ddf he 0 9 conflict ) ! ,illyrian bi%ops4 ,dur+ ?is "t 9 a lett] address$ to !m he laid d[n ! pr9ciple t ,/4 ,pet] _h receiv$ ! primacy & ov]sight ( ! :ole *ur* & t h5ce all important matt]s mu/ be ref]r$ to & decid$ by ,rome4 ,he also proce$$ to ext5d 8 au?ority ov] ,gaul4 ,9 ?is ef=t he obta9$ f ,val5t9ian ,,iii ! fam\s decree ( ,june #f1 #dde1 :i* recogniz$ ! primacy ( ! ,pope ( ,rome bas$ on ! m]its ( ,pet]1 ! dignity ( ! city1 & ! decrees ( ,nice 79 _! int]polat$ =m72 orda9$ t any opposition to ?is rul+s1 :i* 7 to h ! =ce ( law1 %\ld be treat$ z treason2 & provid$ = ! =cible extradition by prov9cial gov]nors ( any "o :o refus$ to answ] a summons to ,rome4 ,! apo/le ,john 0 bani%$ to ! ,isle ( ,patmos 9 #ie4 ,reg>d+ t date z ! close ( ! pure apo/olic era1 & #dde1 :5 ! pope receiv$ f ! emp]or ( ! ,we/ (ficial recognition ( 8 claims to univ]sal supremacy 9 ! *ur*1 z repres5t+ "o o!r extreme1 we h b to calculate ! "t half way betwe5 ^! extremes to f9d ! consi/5t />t+-/ake = ! beg9n+ ( t "t prophecy :i* is to measure bo? l9es ( prophetic tru?4 ,f #ie to #dde is a p]iod ( #cej ye>s4 ,half ( ?is p]iod is #age ye>s4 ,!re=e #age ye>s aft] #ie1 or #bgj1 is ! correct />t+-po9t4 ,prote/ant *ur* hi/orians recognize ! decl9e t came 9 ! e>ly *ur*4 ,_m ( !m1 z ,d',aubigne1 ,m>%1 ,rutt]1 ,wadd+ton1 & o!rs1 po9t to ! ?ird c5tury1 or ! latt] half ( ! ?ird c5tury1 z m>k+ an unusual epo* 9 ?is decl5sion4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 :o view ?+s almo/ :olly f ! ext]nal po9t ( view1 reg>d ! accession ( ,con/ant9e 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! foll[+ c5tury z m>k+ ! important epo*4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is subject1 ,i quote ,joseph ,miln]1 ! ,engli% ecclesia/ical hi/orian3 ,i "k x is common = au?ors to repres5t ! decl5sion ( ,*ri/ianity to h tak5 place only aft] its ext]nal e/abli%m5t "u ,con/ant9e4 ,b ! ev5ts ( hi/ory h compell$ me to diss5t f ?is view ( ?+s4--,*4 ,hi/41 ,c5t4 ,,iv1 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,x is also evid5t f ! facts ( hi/ory t1 9 addition to ! corruption ( evangelical fai?1 t o!r phase ( ! apo/asy--human ecclesia/icism--0 also highly develop$ be=e ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,george ,p4 ,fi%] says1 ,! accession ( ,con/ant9e ,a4,d4 #cab f\nd ! *ur* s firmly organiz$ "u ! hi]>*y t x c\ld n lose its id5tity by be+ absolutely m]g$ 9 ! /ate4--,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 p4 #ii4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #bgj ,an?ony1 an ,egyptian1 ! fa!r ( mona/icism1 fix$ 8 abode 9 ! des]ts ( ,egypt & =m$ monks into organiz$ bodies4 ,d[l+1 describ+ ! extravagance ( monk]y & ! false /&>d ( piety & hol9ess x creat$1 decl>es t monk]y actually affect$ ! *ur* univ]sal4 ,see ,hi/ory ( ,romanism1 pp4 #hh1 #hi4 ,v few m>ks ( g5u9e piety rema9$4 ,) ! decl9e ( evangelical k came a reign ( sup]/ition & ignorance4 ,miln]1 adv]t+ to ! in/itution ( monk]y 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 expresses 8 regret t ! fai? & love ( ! gospel receiv$ t[>d ! close ( x a dreadful bl[ f ! enc\ragem5t ( ?is un*ri/ian practise4--,c5tury ,,iii1 ,*ap4 ,,xx4 ,9 ano!r place ! same hi/orian1 speak+ ( ! abs5ce ( tru? & ! preval5ce ( error 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 says3 ,x is va9 to expect ,*ri/ian fai? to ab\nd )\t ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,moral & philosophical & mona/ical in/ructions w n effect = m5 :at is to be expect$ f evangelical doctr9e4 ,& if ! fai? ( ,*ri/ 0 s mu* decl9$ 7& its decay$ /ate ought to be dat$ f ab\t ! ye> #bgj17 we ne$ n wond] t su* sc5es z ,eusebius h9ts at )\t any circum/antial details1 took place 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4--,c5tury ,,iv1 ,*ap4 ,i4 7,p>5!tical clause is ,miln]'s2 italiciz+1 m9e47 ,9 addition to ?is quotation1 & z if to give emphasis1 ! hi/orian places prom95tly 9 a side-head ! words1 ,decay ( pure ,*ri/ianity1 ,a4,d4 #bgj4 ,measur+ =w>d f ,a4,d4 #bgj ! allot$ p]iod ( twelve hundr$ & sixty ye>s br+s u to ,a4,d4 #aecj1 a ye> :i* m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ,prote/antism 9 its organiz$ =m4 ,! fir/ ,prote/ant cre$1 ! ,confession ( ,augsburg1 0 made t ye>4 ,! description ( ! papal p[] "u ! symbol ( ! t5-horn$ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac & ! little horn ( ,daniel #g pres5ts a melan*oly picture ( _w-ev5ts dur+ ! long p]iod ( twelve hundr$ & sixty ye>s end+ ) ! sixte5? c5tury re=mation4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9ciple ( p>allelism ,be=e proce$+ to give 9 *ronological ord] a description ( ev5ts foll[+ ! reign ( ! bea/1 ,i wi% to call att5tion to an important plan foll[$ 9 ! ,biblical pres5tation ( prophetic tru?2 namely1 t ! ev5ts are tak5 up by p>allel s]ies cov]+ ! same p]iod ( "t4 ,b 9 addition to ?is po9t1 we obs]ve ! pr9ciple ( contra/4 ,:5 ! hi/ory ( political ev5ts is describ$1 we h 9 contra/ !re) a description ( ecclesia/ical ev5ts2 & ) ! repres5tation ( a false *ur* or an apo/ate /ate ( ,*ri/ianity1 we h 9 imm$iate contra/ ! hi/ory ( ,god's *os5 p4 ,or p]haps ! ord] is rev]s$1 b ! pr9ciple rema9s ! same4 ,:ile1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 ^! di/9ct l9es c n always be well repres5t$ symbolically z occurr+ at ! same "t1 !y are pres5t$ 9 p>allel s]ies1 ?us prov+ t !y 7 to be fulfill$ simultane\sly4 ,9 direct contra/ ) ! p[] ( apo/ate ,*ri/5dom repres5t$ by ! papacy1 :i* = c]ta9 reasons ,i h pres5t$ fir/1 we h 9 *apt] #aa ( ! ,revelation a brief hi/ory ( ,god's true p t exi/$ dur+ ! papal reign4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 a description ( ! apo/asy & ( ! true *ur* are pres5t$ 9 ! same s]ies & 9 su* a way z to give special emphasis to ! po9t ( contra/ z well z to prove _! simultane\s fulfilm5t4 ,?us we read3 ,& !re 0 giv5 me a re$ l unto a rod3 & ! angel /ood1 say+1 ,rise1 & measure ! temple ( ,god1 & ! alt>1 & !m t wor%ip !re94 ,b ! c\rt :i* is )\t ! temple leave out1 & measure x n2 = x is giv5 unto ! ,g5tiles3 & ! holy city %all !y tread "u foot =ty & two mon?s4 ,& ,i w give p[] unto my two witnesses1 & !y %all prophecy a ?\s& two hundr$ & ?ree score days1 clo!d 9 sackclo? 7*ap4 #aa3a-c74 ,x is cle> t two p[]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian era are "h repres5t$1 ! "o cont9u+ =ty & two mon?s & ! o!r twelve hundr$ & sixty days1 or ye>s1 h]et(ore expla9$ z measur+ ! l5g? ( ! bea/'s reign1 also ( ! woman's seclusion 9 ! wild]ness4 ,?is simil>ity naturally sugge/s t we h "h ! same g5]al facts set =? "u o!r symbols4 ,j]usalem1 ! holy city1 ! temple1 & ! two witnesses !re=e correspond to ! woman ( *apt] #ab4 ,! cr[d ( uncircumcis$ ,g5tiles & _! pr(anation ( ! city ( ,god = twelve hundr$ & sixty ye>s correspond to ! bea/-p[] ( *apt] #ac4 ,wond]ful tru? is repres5t$ 9 ! vision ( ?is *apt]4 ,! symbols are drawn f ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory1 f ! religi\s life ( ! ,jews--,god's *os5 p 9 contra/ ) ! uncircumcis$ ,g5tiles4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! true *ur* & ! false *ur* ( ! gospel era are repres5t$4 ,notice c>efully ! symbols3 holy city1 temple1 alt>1 wor%ip]s1 & liv+ witnesses1 or prophets4 ,^! repres5t ! sum & sub/ance ( all div9e revelation 9 ! ,mosaic age3 holy city1 ,j]usalem--! place :]e ,god set 8 "n2 ! temple--div9ely au?oris$1 holy1 acceptable wor%ip bas$ on c>eful adh]5ce to ,god's comm&m5ts =m]ly giv52 ! alt>--! great symbol ( atonem5t1 ! reconciliation ( humanity ) ! div9ity2 ! wor%ip]s 9 "o temple--all ( ,god's p 9 unity2 ! prophets--! div9ely commission$ repres5tatives ( ,god be>+ a liv+ message = ! p ( _! "t4 ,^! conditions repres5t ! ,judaic ideal4 ,:e!r !y 7 ev] able to rea* _! ideal or n1 x is evid5t t ! ,jews _h ! conception ( a unifi$1 holy1 acceptable s]vice 7see ,isa4 #d3c2 #eb3a2 #fb3a-g74 ,! two witnesses ref]r$ to are cle>ly repres5t$ z prophets2 = ! "w ascrib$ to !m z atte/+ _! div9e commission is a repetition ( ! miracul\s works ( ,moses & ,elijah by :i* !y e/abli%$ _! claims to be prophetic lead]s au?oriz$ by ,jehovah4 ,! witnesses seem to be di/+ui%$ f ! wor%ip]s simply on acc\nt ( _! p[] & message4 ,sid5ote3 ,! two witnesses ,^! symbols repres5t ! true apo/olic *ur*4 ,x is ! holy city1 ,j]usalem1 8 temple1 ^: holy1 unit$ wor%ip]s obey ! comm&s ( ,god4 ,! application ( ! witnesses p>ticul>ly specifi$ z !y are 9 ! description1 requires fur!r explanation4 ,x is said1 ,^! are ! two olive trees & ! two c&le/icks /&+ be=e ! ,god ( ! e>? 7,rev4 #aa3d74 ,:atev] ^! two witnesses signify 9 p>ticul>1 !y are ! same z ! olive trees & c&le/icks spok5 (4 ,x appe>s t allusion is made to ,ze*>iah #d1 :]e two olive trees are repres5t$ z /&+1 "o on ea* side ( a gold5 c&le/ick1 di/ill+ into x _! oil = light4 ,:5 ! angel 0 ask$ = an explanation ( ^! two olive trees & ! c&le/ick1 he answ]$1 ,?is is ! ,^w ( ! ,"l 444 by my ,_s sai? ! ,"l 7v]se #f74 ,we are to und]/&1 !re=e1 t ,god's ,^w & ,_s are ! two witnesses 9 8 *ur*2 t is1 !y signify ! div9e elem5t op]at+ 9 8 *ur*4 ,j z ! m$iation ( ! prophets 0 necess>y 9 ! old5 times to ma9ta9 con/ant contact ) ,god1 )\t :i* ! religi\s ex]cises deg5]at$ to m]e =malism1 s ! liv+ ,^w & ,_s ( ,god 7 pres5t 9 ! apo/olic *ur* to elevate its s]vice above m]e human sy/ems & =ms ( wor%ip4 ,t ! ,^w ( ,god & ! ,_s ( ,god are special witnesses is prov$ by _m texts4 ,jesus said1 ,se>* ! scriptures 444 !y are !y :i* te/ify ( me 7,john #e3ci74 ,?is gospel ( ! k+dom %all be prea*$ 9 all ! _w = a witness unto all nations 7,matt4 #bd3ad74 ,! ,holy ,gho/ also is a witness 7,heb4 #aj3ae74 ,! ,_s itself be>e? witness 7,rom4 #h3af74 ,x is ! ,_s t be>e? witness 7#a ,john #e3f74 ,( ! uncircumcis$ ,g5tiles x is said1 ,! holy city %all !y tread "u foot =ty & two mon?s4 ,?is signifies ! great apo/asy t ov]spread ! e>?1 defil+ & p]v]t+ ! true wor%ip ( ,god4 ,! burd5 ( ?is s]ies1 h[ev]1 is n to describe ! =eign elem5t ?us introduc$1 b to set =? 9 great] fulness ! fact t dur+ ! same "t t ! idolatr\s multitude ( ,g5tiles trod d[n ! holy city ,god pres]v$ 8 own p4 ,! temple /ill rema9$1 & x _h dev\t wor%ip]s2 ! two witnesses /ill prophesi$1 al?\gh clo!d 9 sackclo?1 an emblem ( melan*oly & m\rn+4 ,:ile ! visions ( ! ,revelator describe p>ticul>ly ! p[] ( apo/asy & iniquity reign+ dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 !y d n fail to give u ! assurance t at ! same "t ,god _h a p ^: names 7 writt5 9 ! book ( life 7*ap4 #ac3h7--sa9ts 7*ap4 #ac2aj74 ,& ^! 7 made ! object ( ! mo/ viol5t p]secution 7*ap4 #ac3ag2 #ag3f74 ,x is r difficult to trace ! true "w ( ,god dur+ ^? times2 = 8 sa9ts 7 ei!r ignor$ by ! pr(ess$ multitude or else reg>d$ z h]etics4 ,b !re exi/$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries b&s ( p :o oppos$ ! doctr9es & ecclesia/ical tyranny ( ,rome & :o claim$ adh]5ce to ! simple1 primitive fai? ( ,*ri/ z express$ 9 ! gospel4 ,among ^! 7 ! ,ca?>i1 ,lomb>ds1 ,albig5ses1 ,wald5ses1 & ,vaudois4 ,i w n say t all ^! s-call$ h]etics are to be reg>d$ z ! true p ( ,god1 b f ! few records t we h ( !m1 d]iv$ *iefly f _! enemies1 x seems cle> t !re 7 among !m _m :o 7 truly sa9ts & :o clung t5aci\sly to ! true fai? ( ,*ri/4 ,god's ,^w & ,_s 7 !re=e prophesy+1 al?\gh 9 an unnatural condition1 symboliz$ by ! sackclo? /ate ( ! witnesses4 ,we mu/ also rememb] t ev5 among ! ,ca?olic p>ty 7 to be f\nd noble p]sons ^: he>ts 7 true to :atev] tru? !y _h & ^: emotions & aspirations at times broke ov] ! b\nds ( traditional !ology & gave expression to s5tim5ts ,scriptural & sublime4 ,! "t p]iod fir/ specifi$ 9 ?is special sc5e is ! same twelve hundr$ & sixty ye>s t m>ks ! reign ( ! bea/ & !re=e closes ) ! re=mation ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,we %all h occasion to return to ?is s]ies lat] & trace its pr$ictions d[n to our own times4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,era ,,( ,,mod]n ,,sects ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r epo* pr$ict$ ,we h se5 t ! #a1bfj-ye> univ]sal reign ( ! fir/ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac ends ) ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! exact mann] 9 :i* ?is %\ld be accompli%$ is n def9itely giv5 9 ! prophecy1 aside f ! /atem5t1 ,he t leade? into captivity %all g into captivity3 he t kille? ) ! sword mu/ be kill$ ) ! sword 7v]se #aj74 ,?is description w\ld seem to indicate a p]iod ( captivity 9 :i* ! papacy w\ld be depriv$ ( its great p[]1 aft] :i* x w\ld be f9ally de/roy$2 & ?is agrees ) ,paul's description ( ! papacy 9 #b ,!ssalonians #b1 :]e he speaks ( t ,wick$ :om ! ,"l %all consume ) ! _s ( 8 m\?1 & %all de/roy ) ! brightness ( 8 com+ 7v]se #h74 ,& ,daniel1 speak+ ( ! end ( ! #a1bfj-ye> reign ( ! same papal bea/1 po9ts out a re=mation "t :5 !y %all take away 8 dom9ion1 to consume & to de/roy x unto ! end 7,dan4 #g3bf74 ,!re is no d\bt t ^! ref]5ces po9t out ! "w ( ! ,re=mation :i* broke ! p[] ( ,rome's univ]sal supremacy & h] long reign ( tyranny ov] ! e>?4 ,humanism1 discov]y ( ! art ( pr9t+1 ! revival ( le>n+1 & o!r causes contribut$ to ?is result4 ,b ! real revolt came 9 #aeag1 :5 ,lu!r 9 ,saxony nail$ to ! *ur* door 9 ,witt5b]g 8 n9ety five !ses aga9/ ! papal traffic 9 indulg5ces4 ,! ,re=m]s made _! appeal f ! decisions ( ,c\ncils to ! inspir$ ,^w ( ,god1 & ?is 0 ! secret ( _! success4 ,) wond]ful p[] & boldness !y proclaim$ tru? t _h be5 neglect$ or discr$it$ = ages4 ,! holy fire spread ov] ,we/]n ,europe4 ,m5 became agitat$ z if mov$ by a mighty unse5 p[]1 until ! papacy 0 %ak5 f end to end4 ,sid5ote3 ,prote/antism 9 prophecy ,we regret t ! true "w ( re=mation did n long cont9ue4 ,a4,d4 #aecj m>ks a new epo*--! rise ( organiz$ ,prote/antism2 m>ks ! end ( ! #a1bfj-ye> p]iod1 & ! introduction ( ano!r ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,! hi/orian ,d',aubigne recognizes ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,re=mation z su* & organiz$ ,prote/antism4 ,9 8 well-kn[n "w1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 he says3 ,! fir/ two books ( ?is volume conta9$ ! mo/ important epo*s ( ! ,re=mation--! ,prote/ ( ,spires & ! ,confession ( ,augsburg4444 ,i det]m9$ on br++ ! re=mation ( ,g]many & ,g]man-,switz]l& to ! decisive epo*s ( #aecj & #aeca4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 prop]ly s-call$1 is !n 9 my op9ion almo/ complete 9 ^? c\ntries4 ,! "w ( fai? has !re atta9$ its apogee3 t ( conf]5ces1 ( int]ims1 ( diplomacy beg9s4444 ,! movem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury has !re made its ef=t4 ,i said f ! v fir/1 ,x is ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 & n ( ,prote/antism1 t ,i am relat+4--,preface to ,volume ,,iv4 ,prote/antism1 !n1 is to be di/+ui%$ f ! ,re=mation4 ,consid]+ its prom95ce 9 ! ecclesia/ical _w1 we %\ld naturally expect to f9d x repres5t$ 9 ! symbols ( ! ,revelation4 ,/rangely en\gh1 few comm5tators ev] make ! lea/ ef=t to id5tify ,prote/antism ) any ( ! symbols ( ?is book4 ,mohamm$anism is !re2 ,paganism is !re2 ! true *ur* is !re1 &1 x is univ]sally admitt$1 ! false *ur* is !re4 ,!re=e1 :e!r ,prote/antism be true or false1 x mu/ be !re1 b :]e8 ,! application ( ! fir/ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac to ! papacy has be5 s cle>ly e/abli%$ t ! po9t is well-nigh indisputable4 ,! p]iod ( its univ]sal supremacy is cle>ly limit$ to ! #a1bfj ye>s4 ,& ev]yone kn[s t x 0 ! sixte5? c5tury re=mation t end$ t p]iod ( tyranny4 ,we h %[n t t p]iod ends ) ,a4,d4 #aecj4 ,! prophecy imm$iately foll[+ describes ,prote/antism 9 ^! words3 ,sid5ote3 ,! two-horn$ bea/ ,& ,i beheld ano!r bea/ com+ up out ( ! e>?2 & he _h two horns l a lamb1 & he spake z a dragon4 ,& he ex]cise? all ! p[] ( ! fir/ bea/ be=e him1 & cause? ! e>? & !m :i* dwell !re9 to wor%ip ! fir/ bea/1 ^: deadly w\nd 0 heal$4 ,& he doe? great wond]s1 s t he make? fire come d[n f heav5 on ! e>? 9 ! sight ( m51 & deceive? !m t dwell on ! e>? by ! means ( ^? miracles :i* he _h p[] to d 9 ! sight ( ! bea/2 say+ to !m t dwell on ! e>?1 t !y %\ld make an image to ! bea/1 :i* _h ! w\nd by a sword1 & did live4 ,& he _h p[] to give life unto ! image ( ! bea/1 t ! image ( ! bea/ %\ld bo? speak1 & cause t z _m z w\ld n wor%ip ! image ( ! bea/ %\ld be kill$4 ,& he cause? all1 bo? small & great1 ri* & poor1 free & bond1 to receive a m>k 9 _! "r h&1 or 9 _! =eheads3 & t no man might buy or sell1 save he t _h ! m>k1 or ! "n ( ! bea/1 or ! numb] ( 8 "n4 ,"h is wisdom4 ,let him t ha? und]/&+ c\nt ! numb] ( ! bea/3 = x is ! numb] ( a man2 & 8 numb] is ,six hundr$ ?reescore & six 7,rev4 #ac3 #aa-ah74 ,prote/ant comm5tators g5]ally apply bo? ! t5-horn$ bea/ & ! two-horn$ bea/ to ,rome1 ! fir/ repres5t+ ! political p[]1 & ! second ! ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,b ?is position1 :ile cle>+ ,prote/antism ( any moral /igma1 is su* a manife/ violation ( ! laws ( symbolic language & ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ,scriptural int]pretation t ,i m>vel t any critical ?9k] c\ld decide to adopt x4 ,! two bea/s are especially di/+ui%$1 & 9 ea* case ! symbol is complete4 ,! fir/ bea/ comb9es ) its bea/ly *>act]i/ics ! qualities ( ! human1 z did ! little horn ( ,daniel #g1 ?us cle>ly & positively repres5t+ bo? ! political & ! ecclesia/ical dom9ion ( ,rome4 ,x is ! human *>act]i/ics t con/itute ! lead+ feature ( ! t]rible "w ascrib$ to ! fir/ bea/2 !re=e1 ! papacy z a religi\s p[] is p>ticul>ly int5d$4 ,h5ce ! second bea/ c n be int5d$ to repres5t ! ecclesia/ical phase ( ,rome4 ,notice1 also1 t ! symbol ( ! second bea/ is likewise complete 9 itself--animal & human--?us embrac+ bo? ! political & ! ecclesia/ical4 ,ano!r sy/em totally di/9ct f ! fir/ is !re=e repres5t$4 ,i call att5tion to c]ta9 di/9ct po9ts prov+ t ^! two bea/s are n id5tical or simultane\s3 #a4 ,! fir/ is spok5 ( z a bea/2 ! second is call$ ano!r bea/4 #b4 ,! fir/ came up f ! sea2 ! second came out ( ! e>?4 #c4 ,! fir/ 0 l a leop>d2 ! second 0 l a lamb4 #d4 ,! fir/ _h t5 horns signify+ t5 temporal k+doms2 ! second _h two horns1 ref]r+ to b two temporal p[]s t support$ x4 #e4 ,! fir/ blasphem$ ,god & 8 tab]nacle1 & 0 !re=e anti*ri/2 ! second claim$ to be ! true prophet ( ,god & br\ght d[n fire f heav5 to atte/ 8 claim1 b he 0 9 reality a false prophet 7*ap4 #af3ac2 #ai3bj74 #f4 ,! fir/ obta9$ 8 p[] & au?ority f ! dragon :i* prec$$ him2 :ile ! second d]iv$ 8 p[] f ! t5-horn$ bea/ be=e him4 #g4 ,! fir/ caus$ p to wor%ip ! prec$+ p[] /yl$ ! dragon2 :ile ! second caus$ p to wor%ip ! fir/ bea/4 #h4 ,! fir/ 0 to cont9ue #a1bfj ye>s2 :ile ! reign ( ! second is n "h /at$1 b is cov]$ 9 a p>allel prophecy to :i* we %all ref] lat]4 ,! fir/ bea/ came up out ( ! sea1 :i* signifies ! empire 9 an agitat$ /ate2 & x is a fact ( hi/ory t ! t5 k+doms came up ?r\gh great political convulsions4 ,! empire 0 9 a /ate ( comp>ative quiet1 h[ev]1 :5 ! second bea/ came up out ( ! e>?4 ,?is bea/ /&s z ! symbol ( ,prote/antism 9 ,europe1 al?\gh 8 p[] & influ5ce 0 aft]w>ds to ext5d to ! :ole _w 7*ap4 #af3ad74 ,b ?is bea/ exi/$ fir/ on ! same t]ritory occupi$ by ! papacy2 !re=e ! two horns d\btless signify temporal k+doms also1 & two ( ! orig9al t54 ,! two nations fir/ to turn viol5tly aga9/ ! papacy & to become ! *ief support]s & def5d]s ( ,prote/antism 7 ,g]many & ,engl&4 ,x is evid5t t ! second bea/ ( ,revelation #ac 0 n to be su* a t]rible p[] politically z 0 ! fir/ bea/1 = x is describ$ m]ely z hav+ two horns l a lamb4 ,b z soon z we ent] ! dep>tm5t to :i* speak+ by analogy ref]s u1 we f9d him to be a great religi\s p[]1 & x is 9 ?is "* alone t he is del9eat$ 9 ! rema9d] ( ! *apt]4 ,t 8 religi\s p[] is 8 lead+ *>act]i/ic is fur!r prov$ by ! fact t 9 e subsequ5t ref]5ce he is /yl$ ! false prophet 7*ap4 #af3ac2 #ai3bj2 #bj3aj74 ,e ref]5ce :i* ,i give to ! second bea/ mu/ !re=e be und]/ood z signify+ ! religi\s sy/em kn[n z ,prote/antism4 ,?is bea/ 0 to ex]cise great p[]--all ! p[] ( ! fir/ bea/ be=e him4 ,by ?is expression we are to und]/& t ,prote/antism 0 to ex]t a univ]sal influ5ce2 t x 0 to become a lead+ factor 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 z 0 ,romanism be=e x4 ,?is has already be5 fulfill$4 ,! lead+ nations ( ! _w today1 ! nations t h contribut$ mo/ to ! developm5t ( mod]n civilization & to ! light & progress ( ! age1 are ,prote/ant nations4 ,^? c\ntries t h reta9$ ! yoke ( ,romanism are /ill )]+ "u its blight+ influ5ce4 ,x is said t ?is bea/ causes p to wor%ip ! fir/ bea/4 ,?is is p>allel to ! /atem5t t dur+ ! reign ( ! fir/ bea/ ! p wor%ip$ ! dragon1 :i* 9 reality prec$$ x4 ,i h %[n t ! devotees ( ,romanism wor%ip$ ! dragon by p]petuat+ 9 _! religi\s c]emonies & wor%ip ! practises ( paganism4 ,likewise ,prote/ants h br\ght ov] & incorporat$ 9 _! religi\s sy/em doctr9es1 rites1 & c]emonies t orig9at$ 9 ,romanism2 & 9 ?is respect !y wor%ip ! fir/ bea/1 ev5 9 ! v act ( r5d]+ s]vice to _! own sy/em4 ,su* doctr9es z infantile damnation1 spr9kl+ = baptism1 ! et]nal de/ruction ( all ^? :o are outside ! pales ( ! *ur*1 infant baptism1 & o!r ?+s are all *ildr5 ( ! apo/asy orig9at+ 9 ,rome4 ,! ,romi% ,*ur* possesses a human ecclesia/ical head%ip & an e>?ly gov]nm5t rul+ 9 ! place ( ,*ri/1 & ,prote/ants make an image to ?is bea/ by build+ _! sects 9 imitation--sects made & rul$ by m54 ,to ^! !y atta* _! own names & ! di/9ctive cre$s & doctr9es ( m51 & ?us _! devotees receive ! m>k & "n ( ! bea/4 ,at ?is po9t we mu/ make a di/9ction :i*1 be+ true 9 ! facts ( hi/ory1 mu/ necess>ily be int5d$ 9 ! symbolic repres5tation4 ,?is bea/ 0 to br+ d[n fire f heav54 ,accord+ to ! symbols ( *apt] #ab1 ! woman1 or true *ur*1 fl$ into ! wild]ness1 :]e %e ha? a place prep>$ ( ,god1 t !y %\ld fe$ h] !re a ?\s& two hundr$ & ?reescore days4 ,! "t prophecy is ! same1 & cov]s ! same p]iod1 z ! reign ( ! papal bea/4 ,!re=e1 j z an important *ange 9 ! papacy occurr$ at ! expiration ( t prophetic p]iod1 s also a radical *ange mu/ be expect$ ) ref]5ce to ! true *ur*3 x mu/ be no long] completely obscur$ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,n[1 z ! ,re=mation & ,prote/antism z a religion 7 ! means ( end+ ,rome's univ]sal spiritual supremacy1 s also !y mu/ be reg>d$ z possess+ suffici5t light & tru? to br+ into prom95ce once m ! "w ( ! ,_s & ! true p ( ,god4 ,fire f heav5 may !re=e be reg>d$ z describ+ ! div9e "w ( re=mation1 ! unfold+ ( tru? accompani$ by ! sav+ p[] ( ,god4 ,su* spiritual "w has accompani$ ! orig9 ( v>i\s religi\s movem5ts dur+ ! ,prote/ant era4 ,! g5]al description ( ! two-horn$ bea/1 h[ev]1 makes prom95t an evil *>act]i/ic--! disposition to lead ! p into deception by mak+ an image to ! bea/ & !n wor%ip+ x4 ,! evil is n locat$ 9 ! ability to br+ d[n fire f heav51 b 9 ! deceptive "w ( image-mak+ & image-wor%ip1 = :i* ! spiritual "w simply furni%$ an occasion4 ,! spiritual "w ( re=mation is1 !re=e1 to be di/+ui%$ f ! lat] "w ( cre$-& sect-mak+2 & s9ce ! bea/ takes advantage ( ! manife/ation ( spiritual p[] & deceives m51 he becomes a sort ( apo/ate & is d5om9at$ ! false prophet 7see *ap4 #af3ac2 #ai3bj74 ,! bea/1 ecclesia/ically consid]$1 /&s z ! symbol ( ! religi\s sy/em & practise ( ,prote/antism z a :ole--a peculi> comb9ation ( tru? & error1 ( good & bad1 ( fire f heav5 & false miracle-work+ p[] 7*ap4 #af3ad72 :ile ! image to ! bea/ signifies ! sect>ian in/itution--! man-made & man-controll$ unscriptural sect ma*9]y con/ruct$ 9 imitation ( ! papal orig9al4 ,to con/ruct su* e>?-born *ur*es & lead p to adore & wor%ip !m is b a species ( idolatry & ! ranke/ deception4 ,x is a sad fact1 9 ,prote/antism z well z 9 ,ca?olicism1 t va/ multitudes ( p are m devot$ to _! respective *ur*es ?an to ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!y c witness ! op5 rejection ( ,god's preci\s ,^w & ! vile/ pr(anation ( 8 holy "n )\t utt]+ a ^w ( prote/2 b let any "o say a ^w aga9/ _! *ur*1 & in/antly !y are ar\s$ to ! highe/ pit* ( indignation4 ,bea/-wor%ip]s6 ,! ,prote/ant era has witness$ _m wond]ful re=mations 9 :i* ! true fire ( ,god fell ^u wait+ s\ls1 b ?is initial "w ( ! ,_s has 9 ea* in/ance be5 employ$ z an excuse = tak+ ! next /ep--mak+ an image2 & ?\s&s ( hone/ s\ls1 lack+ bett] light1 h be5 induc$ to submit to su* human organization4 ,^? ( ?is numb] :o 7 truly sav$1 h[ev]1 always lov$ & ador$ _! ,"l m ?an ! human *ur* to :i* !y 7 atta*$1 & consequ5tly !y %\ld n be reg>d$ z bea/-wor%ip]s4 ,!y are ! ones :om ! ,"l d5om9ates 8 p :5 ! voice calls !m out ( ,babylon 7*ap4 #ah3d74 ,! second bea/ also exhibits ! *>act]i/ics ( a p]secut+ p[]1 & 9 ?is respect x is simil> to ! t5-horn$ bea/4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ,prote/antism %[s t at t "t ! pr9ciple ( religi\s intol]ance br\ght ov] f ,romanism manife/$ itself 9 ! actual putt+ to dea? ( num]\s diss5t]s4 ,?us1 we f9d ,calv91 at ,g5eva1 cons5t+ to ! burn+ ( ,s]vetus because ( a diff]5ce 9 religi\s views4 ,at a conv5tion 9 ,torgau1 9 #aegd1 ! ,lu!rans e/abli%$ ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! eu*>i/ & !n in/igat$ ! ,elector ( ,saxony to seize1 imprison1 & bani% ^? :o diff]$ f !m 9 s5tim5t1 z a result ( :i* ,peuc] suff]$ t5 ye>s ( ! sev]e/ imprisonm5t & ,crellius 0 put to dea?4 ,! ,prote/ant ,c\ncil ( ,zuri* condemn$ ,felix ,mantz to be dr[n$ because he insi/$ t infant spr9kl+ 0 n baptism4 ,9 ,engl& ! ,bloody ,six ,articles ( ,h5ry ,,viii are a sil5t te/imony to ! intol]ant _s ( t age1 :5 ! royal re=m] dragg$ diss5t]s =? to execution4 ,witness also ! twelve ye>s' imprisonm5t ( ,john ,bunyan & hundr$s ( o!rs conf9$ 9 jails ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 ! p]secution ( ! ,quak]s2 ! rel5tless opposition to ! ,cov5ant]s ( ,scotl&1 :o 7 hunt$ & de/roy$ l bea/s because !y insi/$ on _! "r to wor%ip ,god 9 _! own way4 ,x 0 ?is intol]ant _s t drove ! ,puritans to ! inhospitable %ores ( ,am]ica1 :]e !y might h ! free privilege ( wor%ip+ ,god accord+ to ! dictates ( _! own consci5ce4 ,x is possible t ! p]secut+ pr9ciple ascrib$ to ! two-horn$ bea/ may include bo? ! lit]al & ! ecclesia/ical cutt+ (f1 ref]5ce be+ made directly to ! _s ( intol]ance :i* manife/$ itself fir/ 9 lit]al slaught] & lat] 9 an unw>rant$ ecclesia/ical exclusiv5ess4 ,! numb] ( ! bea/ alludes to 8 pret5ti\s claims & is probably a symbol ( division4 ,! def9ite numb] #fff is said to be also ! numb] ( a man1 & s9ce ! pope is ! mo/ important man connect$ ) ! papal sy/em1 x is natural to id5tify him ) ! individual ref]r$ to4 ,paul d\btless po9t$ out ! pope p>ticul>ly z ! man ( s91 ! son ( p]dition 7#b ,!ss4 #b3c74 ,9 =m] ages1 be=e ! mod]n sy/em ( notation 0 introduc$1 ! only me?od ( d5ot+ numb]s 0 by employ+ ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 c]ta9 lett]s hav+ ! p[] ( numb] z well z ( s\nd4 ,we /ill employ ! same sy/em = c]ta9 purposes4 ,! numb] ( a "n 0 simply ! numb] d5ot$ by ! sev]al lett]s ( t "n4 ,! pope has a special title4 ,he we>s 9 jewel$ lett]s ^u 8 mitre ! inscription1 ,vic>ius ,filii ,dei--,vic> ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,tak+ f 8 "n all ! lett]s t ! ,lat9s us$ = num]als1 we h j #fff4 ,! era ( mod]n sects is also cov]$ 9 o!r places 9 ,revelation1 = ! ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation is describ$ "u diff]5t p>allel s]ies ( symbolism4 ,9 ! o!r s]ies1 h[ev]1 ! symbols repres5t+ ,prote/antism /& s closely connect$ ) pr$ictions ( ! la/ re=mation t ,i %all n attempt to enum]ate !m 9 ?is *apt]1 b %all consid] !m briefly 9 connection ) ^? symbols describ+ ! great f9al religi\s movem5t t[>d :i* all ! prophetic l9es ( tru? conv]ge & :i* =ms ! special subject ( ! pres5t "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,la/ ,,re=mation ,! sc5e *anges1 & aga9 we h ! picture ( ,god's *os5 p set 9 bright relief aga9/ ! d>k backgr\nd ( ,prote/antism & ! /ill d>k] %ades ( papal apo/asy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! #add1jjj on ,m\nt ,zion ,& ,i look$1 &1 lo1 a ,lamb /ood on ,m\nt ,sion1 & ) him an hundr$ =ty & f\r ?\s&1 hav+ 8 ,fa!r's "n writt5 9 _! =eheads4 ,& ,i he>d a voice f heav51 z ! voice ( _m wat]s1 & z ! voice ( a great ?und]3 & ,i he>d ! voice ( h>p]s h>p+ ) _! h>ps3 & !y sung z x 7 a new song be=e ! ?rone1 & be=e ! f\r bea/s1 & ! eld]s3 & no man c\ld le>n t song b ! hundr$ & =ty & f\r ?\s&1 :i* 7 r$eem$ f ! e>?4 ,^! are !y :i* 7 n defil$ ) wom52 = !y are virg9s4 ,^! are !y :i* foll[ ! ,lamb :i!rsoev] he goe?4 ,^! 7 r$eem$ f among m51 be+ ! fir/-fruits unto ,god & to ! ,lamb4 ,& 9 _! m\? 0 f\nd no guile3 = !y are )\t fault be=e ! ?rone ( ,god 7,rev4 #ad3a-e74 ,:at a contra/ ) ! bea/ p[]s describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] ( ! ,revelation6 ,?is r$eem$ company is on ,m\nt ,zion1 n hidd5 9 ! d>kness ( ! wild]ness4 ,!y are ) ! ,lamb1 n w&]+ aft] ! bea/4 ,in/ead ( be+ oppress$ & ov]come by oppos]s1 !y are s++ ! joyful song ( r$emption & h>p+ ) _! h>ps2 & in/ead ( hav+ ! m>k ( ! bea/1 !y h _! ,fa!r's "n writt5 9 _! =eheads4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ?is joyful1 r$eem$ company is di/+ui%$ f ! ho/ ( bea/-wor%ip]s br\ght to light "u ! prec$+ symbols1 proclaims unmi/akably ! fact t we h "h a description ( ! true p ( ,god :o h obta9$ victory ov] ! apo/asy4 ,9 o!r words1 a di/9ct re=mation is pr$ict$4 ,?is sublime sc5e is n a description ( heav51 = ! context %[s its direct contact ) ! =ms ( apo/ate ,*ri/ianity ) :i* x is plac$ 9 contra/ on e>?4 ,c]ta9 lead+ figures 9 ! sc5e1 z ,*ri/ ! ,lamb & a numb] ( angels1 are heav5ly be+s2 b _! pres5ce simply %[s ! div9e "* ( ! "w 9 contra/ ) ^? o!r religi\s p[]s1 "o ( :i* came up out ( ! sea & ! o!r out ( ! e>?4 ,besides1 we h already %[n t :5ev] angels figure 9 ! symbolic sc5e on e>?1 !y repres5t di/+ui%$ ag5cies among m51 & ! message ( good angels1 be+ obvi\sly f heav51 is !re=e ! message ( ,god4 ,:5 diff]5t angels1 be>+ diff]5t messages1 appe> 9 ! same g5]al symbolic sc5e1 !y repres5t n isolat$ or indep5d5t movem5ts1 b diff]5t phases ( ! same "w4 ,! ,revelator introduces ano!r phase ( ! religi\s movem5t "u consid]ation ) ^! words3 ,& ,i saw ano!r angel fly 9 ! mid/ ( heav51 hav+ ! ev]la/+ gospel to prea* unto !m t dwell on ! e>?1 & to e nation1 & k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p1 say+ ) a l\d voice1 ,fe> ,god1 & give glory to him2 = ! h\r ( 8 judgm5t is come3 & wor%ip him t made heav51 & e>?1 & ! sea1 & ! f\nta9s ( wat]s 7v]ses #f1 #g74 ,9 ! message ( ! angel !re are set =? a numb] ( di/9ct tru?s4 ,prom95ce is giv5 to ! call to wor%ip ! "o true ,god4 ,?is /&s 9 contra/ ) ! apo/asy prec$+2 = "u ! papacy its adh]5ts wor%ip$ ! dragon & !y wor%ip$ ! bea/1 :ile ! second bea/ caus$ p to wor%ip ! fir/ bea/ & to wor%ip ! image ( ! bea/4 ,! message ( ?is angel is univ]sal & indicates a _w-wide mission>y ef=t 9 :i* ! true ,god & 8 holy wor%ip alone w be exalt$1 & t be=e ! end ( "t1 = ! judgm5t is set =? z an imp5d+ ev5t = :i* m5 mu/ spe$ily prep>e4 ,b ! description does n end "h4 ,an awful revelation1 fall+ l hail-/ones or coals ( fire ^u ! heads ( ! devotees ( mod]n *ur*ianity1 is proclaim$ by div9e au?ority3 ,& !re foll[$ ano!r angel1 say+1 ,babylon is fall51 is fall51 t great city1 because %e made all nations dr9k ( ! w9e ( ! wra? ( h] =nication4 ,& ! ?ird angel foll[$ !m1 say+ ) a l\d voice1 ,if any man wor%ip ! bea/ & 8 image1 & receive 8 m>k 9 8 =ehead1 or 9 8 h&1 ! same %all dr9k ( ! w9e ( ! wra? ( ,god1 :i* is p\r$ out )\t mixture into ! cup ( 8 indignation 7v]ses #h-aj74 ,"h we are br\ght face to face ) "s ( ! mo/ solemn tru?s conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,god4 ,! v p[]s ( apo/ate ,*ri/ianity j describ$ "u ! symbols ( two bea/s are n[ repres5t$ by ! angel z ,babylon2 =1 be x obs]v$1 ! div9e message is aga9/ ^? :o wor%ip ! bea/ & 8 image4 ,! image 0 made by ! second bea/4 ,!re=e ,babylon includes bo? ,romanism & ,prote/antism--! :ole realm ( =mal *ur*ianity2 & bea/-wor%ip is "h condemn$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ t]rible d5unciations f\nd 9 all ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,all ! evils inh]5t 9 ! false1 unscriptural sy/ems ( s-call$ ,*ri/ianity are "h summ$ up "u ! "o ^w ,babylon1 ( :i* we %all h m to say lat]4 ,two ?+s prom95tly br\ght out 9 ^! symbols %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]--fir/1 t ev5 dur+ ! reign ( ! bea/ & 8 image1 ,god _h true p :o 7 c>efully di/+ui%$ 9 ! prophecy z ^? ^: names 7 writt5 9 ! book ( life & :o w\ld n wor%ip ! image ( ! bea/2 & second1 t ! symbolic sc5e n[ be+ consid]$ repres5ts ^! sav$ individuals z ga!r$ out into "o company ) ! ,lamb on ,m\nt ,zion1 be=e ! end ( "t4 ,! illu/ration is t ( ! joyful ,israelites :o made _! return to ,zion aft] ! fall ( lit]al ,babylon1 :]e !y 7 long held 9 captivity4 ,?is is ! illu/ration & ! prophetic description2 !re=e we may re/ assur$ t j z truly z "t reveal$ ! rise ( ! papal & ,prote/ant sy/ems1 z set =? 9 ! symbols ( ! ,revelation1 j s surely w !re come be=e ! end ( "t a revival ( pure1 apo/olic ,*ri/ianity1 a re=mation 9 :i* ! true p ( ,god w take _! /& outside ( all =ms ( ! apo/asy & c>ry ! full gospel ( ! ,son ( ,god to e nation1 & k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p4 ,we h trac$ 9 prophetic symbolism ! f\r epo*s ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation repres5t$ respectively by ! />-cr[n$ woman1 ! leop>d-bea/1 ! two-horn$ bea/1 & ! r$eem$ company ga!r$ toge!r ) ! ,lamb on ,m\nt ,zion4 ,! papal p]iod1 repres5t$ by ! leop>d-bea/1 cont9u$ = #a1bfj ye>s1 its univ]sal sway t]m9at+ ) ! sixte5? c5tury re=mation4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,prote/ant reign foll[+ is n /at$ 9 ?is s]ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,! two witnesses ,let u n[ return to ! description ( ! two witnesses giv5 9 ,revelation #aa4 ,we h already consid]$ ! fir/ "p ( t symbolic description p]ta9+ to ! #a1bfj ye>s dur+ :i* ! holy city 0 to be trodd5 "u foot & ! two witnesses 7 to prophesy 9 sackclo?2 & we h %[n t ?is description is exactly p>allel ) ! prophecy t set =? ! p]iod ( ! papal supremacy4 ,b ! description cont9ues1 cov]+ ! era ( mod]n sects & lead+ up to ! "w ( a f9al re=mation4 ,aft] describ+ ! #a1bfj-ye> prophecy ( ! two witnesses1 ! n>rative cont9ues3 ,& :5 !y %all h f9i%$ _! te/imony1 ! bea/ t asc5de? out ( ! bottomless pit %all make w> aga9/ !m1 & %all ov]come !m1 & kill !m4 ,& _! dead bodies %all lie 9 ! /reet ( ! great city1 :i* spiritually is call$ ,sodom & ,egypt1 :]e also our ,"l 0 crucifi$4 ,& !y ( ! p & k9dr$s & tongues & nations %all see _! dead bodies ?ree days & an half1 & %all n suff] _! dead bodies to be put 9 graves4 ,& !y t dwell ^u ! e>? %all rejoice ov] !m1 & make m]ry1 & %all s5d gifts "o to ano!r2 because ^! two prophets torm5t$ !m t dwelt on ! e>? 7,rev4 #aa3g-aj74 ,sid5ote3 ,! witnesses sla9 ,?is intricate picture ( symbolical imag]y is plac$ *ronologically j aft] ! #a1bfj-ye> reign ( ,romanism & h5ce x 0 to meet its fulfilm5t dur+ ! ,prote/ant era4 ,x describes 9 ! mo/ graphic & reali/ic mann] ! evil *>act]i/ics & t5d5cies ( ! sect-sy/em4 ,i h already %[n t 9 ! primitive *ur* ! two witnesses--! ,^w & ! ,_s ( ,god--7 ! real vic>s ( ,*ri/1 giv+ bo? "* & gov]nm5t to ! univ]sal *ur* ( ,god on e>?4 ,we h also se5 t ) ! rise ( human ecclesia/icism ! reign ( ! ,^w & ,_s end$ 9 s f> z ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 conc]n$4 ,! same is true also ( ,prote/antism4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( man-made cre$s & ! conc5tration & c5tralization ( *ur* p[] & gov]nm5tal au?ority 9 human h&s--a *ur*-rule patt]n$ aft] ! k+doms ( ?is _w--is a rejection ( ! div9e gov]nm5t ( ,god j z ! appo9tm5t ( a k+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t times 0 a rejection ( ,god's plan ( gov]n+ ,israel4 ,9 ?is s5se ,god's two witnesses h be5 op5ly ignor$ & reject$ 9 ,prote/antism z well z 9 ,romanism & ! anci5t *ur*es ( ! ,ea/1 & man-made cre$s & sy/ems ( gov]nm5t sub/itut$ 9 _! /ead4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 repres5t$ z sla91 al?\gh ( c\rse a c]ta9 am\nt ( respect is /ill %[n !m 9 t !y are n suff]$ to be :olly put out ( sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,! witnesses resurrect$ ,& aft] ?ree days & an half ! _s ( life f ,god ent]$ into !m1 & !y /ood ^u _! feet2 & great fe> fell ^u !m :i* saw !m4 ,& !y he>d a great voice f heav5 say+ unto !m1 ,come up hi!r4 ,& !y asc5d$ up to heav5 9 a cl\d2 & _! enemies beheld !m4 ,& ! same h\r 0 !re a great e>?quake1 & ! t5? "p ( ! city fell1 & 9 ! e>?quake 7 sla9 ( m5 sev5 ?\s&3 & ! remnant 7 affright$1 & gave glory to ! ,god ( heav54 ,! second woe is pa/2 &1 behold1 ! ?ird woe come? quickly 7v]ses #aa-ad74 ,! resurrection ( ! witnesses d\btless signifies a "t ( re=mation & implies its true "*4 ,if ! dea? ( ! witnesses 0 ! result ( ecclesia/icism & false tea*+1 _! resurrection mu/ signify a f9al triumph ov] ecclesia/icism & ! re/oration ( primitive ,*ri/ianity "u ! direct au?ority & gov]nm5t ( ,god4 ,ev5 omitt+ all details 9 ?is complex description1 we c sc>cely avoid ! conclusion t if ! g5]al description giv5 9 ?is *apt] means any?+1 x means ! re/oration ( ,*ri/ianity be=e ! end ( "t to ! condition 9 :i* x exi/$ be=e ! apo/asy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! "t prophecy ,! "t prophecy ?ree days & a half is difficult to expla9 except 9 ! light ( cle>ly asc]ta9$ hi/orical facts4 ,! t]m day is ( itself v indef9ite1 be+ us$ 9 ! ,scriptures to designate p]iods ( diff]5t l5g?4 ,9 ! description "u consid]ation x evid5tly c n signify ! ord9>y #bd-;h\r day nor yet ! ye>-day2 = x cov]s ! ,prote/ant p]iod foll[+ ! #a1bfj-ye> reign ( ,romanism & prec$+ ! ,la/ ,re=mation--! same p]iod ( "t cov]$ by ! second bea/ ( ,revelation #ac4 ,! ev5ts ( ! ,prote/ant p]iod naturally divide x into %ort] epo*s ( ab\t a c5tury ea* 9 l5g?4 ,! hi/orian ,d',aubigne1 :o wrote ab\t #ahce1 notic$ ?is di/9ction & ref]r$ to x 9 8 fam\s ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation4 ,^! are 8 words3 ,x has be5 said t ! ?ree la/ c5turies1 ! sixte5?1 ! sev5te5?1 & ! eighte5? may be conceiv$ z an imm5se battle ( ?ree days' duration4 ,we will+ly adopt ?is beautiful comp>ison 444 ! fir/ day 0 ! battle ( ,god1 ! second ! battle ( ! prie/1 ! ?ird ! battle ( ,reason4 ,:at w be ! f\r?8 ,9 our op9ion ! confus$ /rife1 ! deadly conte/ ( all ^! p[]s toge!r ,,to ,,end ,,9 ,,! ,,victory ,,( ,,him ,,to ,,:om ,,triumph ,,belongs4--,book ,,xi1 ,*ap4 #i4 ,?ree days & a half1 or ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 aft] ! =mation ( ! fir/ ,prote/ant cre$1 9 #aecj1 ,god began to reveal special light & tru? on 8 ,^w & to cause a great awak5+1 :i* is gradually result+ 9 ! rejection ( human ecclesia/ical rule1 ! recognition ( ! primitive gov]nm5t ( ,god1 & ! re/oration ( all ! pure tru?s ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,ano!r po9t 9 ! prophecy "u consid]ation assi/s u 9 fix+ ! *ronology ( ! re=mation pr$ict$4 ,! great e>?quake /&s closely associat$ ) ! "t ( ! resurrection & exaltation ( ! witnesses4 ,! pr9ciples ( int]pret+ symbols w\ld lead u to id5tify ?is e>?quake z a mighty political convulsion de/ructive 9 its nature1 & yet "o t w\ld be ov]rul$ = ! fur!rance ( ,*ri/'s k+dom--a convulsion t w\ld also t]m9ate ! de/ructive reign ( ! second woe4 ,i c n "h digress to give pro(s1 b !re is no d\bt t ! second woe ( ,revelation 7see *ap4 #i3ac-bj7 signifies ! political dom9ancy ( ! ,ottoman ,empire4 ,?is p[]1 con/itut+ ! political backbone ( ,mohamm$anism1 has inde$ be5 a mo/ s]i\s woe ^u ! inhabitants ( ! e>? & an ob/acle 9 ! pa? ( true mission>y progress4 ,) ^! facts be=e u1 we c cle>ly see t ! e>?quake 0 ! great ,european ,w> & t we are n[ liv+ 9 ! "t :5 a special re=mation is due4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r important s]ies ,ano!r p>allel s]ies ( prophecies cov]+ ! same gr\nd & t]m9at+ at ! same po9t w br+ ! subject ( ! ,la/ ,re=mation to a gr& climax4 ,i h %[n t ! religi\s p[]s describ$ 9 ,revelation #ac z two bea/s 7 also t]m$ ,babylon4 ,we %all n[ give a m p>ticul> description ( ?is antitype ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,babylon4 ,! ,euphratean city--,babylon--! pr\d metropolis ( ! ,*aldean mon>*y1 comb9$ 9 itself ! corruptions & wick$ness ( ! _w & !n fill$ up ! measure ( its s9s by de/roy+ ! temple 9 ,j]usalem & lead+ into captivity ! *os5 p ( ,god4 ,:5 ,john wrote1 h[ev]1 ?is anci5t city 0 no m4 ,x _h long s9ce be5 de/roy$1 & x has nev] be5 rebuilt to ?is day4 ,ev5 ! ,arab refuses to pit* 8 t5t among its lonely1 s]p5t-infe/$ ru9s4 ,! city to :i* ! apo/le alludes 9 ^! prophecies mu/ !re=e ref]1 n to anci5t ,babylon1 b to "s o!r analog\s p[] :i* 0 yet to arise & ( :i* ! old ,babylon 0 a type4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,p>allel ,,prophecies ,,%[+ ,,f\r ,,ecclesia/ical ,,epo*s ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,! ,apo/olic ,! ,m$ieval ,p]iod ,era ( ,mod]n ,! ,la/ ,p]iod ,sects ,re=mation ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,dragon ,,leop>d-,,bea/ ,,two-,,horn$ ,,fall ,,( ,rev4 #ab3c1 #d1 ,rev4 #ac3a-aj ,,bea/ ,,babylon #g-ag ,rev4 #ac3aa-ah ,rev4 #ad3a-i ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,pure ,,woman ,,woman ,,seclud$ ,,9 #add1jjj ,,on ,,m\nt ,rev4 #ab ,,! ,,wild]ness ,,zion ,rev4 #ab3f ,rev4 #ad3a-f ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,temple ,,& ,,holy ,,city ,,trodd5 ,,two ,,witnesses ,,witnesses ,,true ,,wor%ip ,,d[n ,,sla9 ,,resurrect$ ,rev4 #aa3a ,rev4 #aa3b ,rev4 #aa3g-aj ,rev4 #aa3aa-ad ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,great ,,babylon ,,h>lot ,,god',s ,,p ,rev4 #ag3a-f ,,daught]s ,,call$ ,,out ,rev4 #ag3e ,rev4 #ah3a-d ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,f\r? ,,reign ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/',s ,,k+dom ,,bea/ ,,little ,,horn ,,triumphant ,dan4 #i3g1 #bc1 ,dan4 #g3h1 #bj-be ,dan4 #g3bf1 #bg2 #bd #b3cd1 #ce ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,sid5ote3 ,great ,babylon ,a m p>ticul> description ( ! antitypical ,babylon is giv5 by ! ,revelator 9 ! sev5te5? *apt]1 z foll[s3 ,& !re came "o ( ! sev5 angels :i* _h ! sev5 vials1 & talk$ ) me1 say+ unto me1 ,come hi!r2 ,i w %[ unto !e ! judgm5t ( ! great :ore t sitte? ^u _m wat]s3 ) :om ! k+s ( ! e>? h committ$ =nication1 & ! inhabitants ( ! e>? h be5 made drunk ) ! w9e ( h] =nication4 ,s he c>ri$ me away 9 ! _s into ! wild]ness3 & ,i saw a woman sit ^u a sc>let-color$ bea/1 full ( names ( blasphemy1 hav+ sev5 heads & t5 horns4 ,& ! woman 0 array$ 9 purple & sc>let color1 & deck$ ) gold & preci\s /ones & pe>ls1 hav+ a gold5 cup 9 h] h& full ( abom9ations & fil?9ess ( h] =nication3 & ^u h] =ehead 0 a "n writt51 ,,my/]y1 ,,babylon ,,! ,,great1 ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,h>lots ,,& ,,abom9ations ,,( ,,! ,,e>?4 ,& ,i saw a woman drunk5 ) ! blood ( ! sa9ts1 & ) ! blood ( ! m>tyrs ( ,jesus3 & :5 ,i saw h]1 ,i wond]$ ) great admiration 7v]ses #a-f74 ,! c>eful /ud5t w imm$iately p]ceive t we h "h ano!r repres5tation ( ! same apo/ate p[]s already describ$ "u o!r symbols4 ,! lead+ figures--a woman & a bea/--comb9e symbols f human life & animal life1 ?us repres5t+ cle>ly ! union ( civil & ecclesia/ical p[]4 ,! comb9ation is exactly ! same 9 its ess5tial *>act]i/ics z t pres5t$ by ! fir/ bea/ ( ,revelation #ac4 ,& s9ce x is ! same sev5-head$ & t5-horn$ bea/1 repres5t+ ! same political p[]1 we conclude t ! human *>act]i/ics exhibit$ 9 ?is connection symbolize ! same religi\s p[]--! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,9 ! pres5t vision1 h[ev]1 ! ecclesia/ical phase is s+l$ out & p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ & describ$1 ?us plac+ special emphasis on ! papal *ur* itself 9 contradi/9ction to ! temporal p[] ( ! empire4 ,! political phase ( ,rome's hi/ory has already be5 suffici5tly describ$ = our pres5t purpose4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 devote our att5tion to ! ecclesia/ical phase z develop$ "u ?is p>ticul> symbol ( ! woman4 ,! nature ( ! symbol itself fixes ! int]pretation4 ,a woman mu/ ( necessity symbolize a *ur*1 b we mu/ det]m9e by ! "* ( ! woman :e!r or n ! true *ur* or a false *ur* is repres5t$4 ,! woman ( ! vision 0 spl5didly attir$ & evid5tly occupi$ a prom95t place2 = %e is repres5t$ z rid+ on ! bea/1 ! political empire1 ?us direct+ its c\rse2 & %e is also repres5t$ z sitt+ ^u _m wat]s1 int]pret$ z peoples1 & multitudes1 & nations1 & tongues 7v]se #ae71 d5ot+ h] wide influ5ce ov] di/ant nations4 ,%e is n simply repres5t$ z a prom95t p]son1 h[ev]1 b z a vile "*4 ,%e is a great :ore1 ) :om ! k+s ( ! e>? h committ$ =nication4 ,x is cle> t 9 ,scripture false1 idolatr\s wor%ip is repres5t$ z :or$om 7see #a ,*ron4 #e3 #be2 ,ezekiel #af & #bc74 ,h5ce a false *ur* is repres5t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,"m & daught]s ,!re is only "o *ur* t c fulfil ! description1 & t is ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,long has %e delight$ 9 call+ h]self ! "m *ur*1 b c5turies be=e %e made ?is claim1 ! p5 ( inspiration affix$ to h] indelibly ! title ( "m--,,"m ,,( ,,h>lots ,,& ,,abom9ations ,,( ,,! ,,e>?4 ,%e bore ^u h] =ehead ?is inscription1 toge!r ) ! title ,my/]y1 ,babylon ! ,great4 ,o!r false apo/ate *ur*es !re are1 b %e heads ! li/ & is ! "m ( !m all4 ,no wond] ! apo/le m>vel$ :5 he saw ?is pr(ess$ *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ defil$ by ! mo/ abom9able wick$ness1 9 league ) all ! evil p[]s ( e>?1 &1 above all1 drunk5 ) ! blood ( ! sa9ts1 & ) ! blood ( ! m>tyrs ( ,jesus4 ,t ,rome f ! date %e became firmly e/abli%$ 9 p[] has ev] be5 a con/ant p]secutor ( ! sa9ts1 ! pages ( all hi/ory abundantly atte/4 ,ev5 ,rome's ecclesia/ical writ]s & hi/orians !mselves admit h] use ( =ce 9 de/roy+ ^? :om %e d5om9at$ h]etics4 ,revelation #ag cov]s ! same p]iod *ronologically & ends at ! same po9t ( "t z did *apt] #ac4 ,h5ce we %\ld naturally suppose t x w\ld also describe 9 "s mann] ! p[] symboliz$ by ! two-horn$ bea/--,prote/antism--z well z duplicate ! description ( ! t5-horn$ bea/--,ca?olicism4 ,t ! papacy is symboliz$ 9 *apt] #ag by ! corrupt :ore sitt+ on ! t5-horn$ bea/1 is too pla9 to ne$ any p>ticul> demon/ration4 ,! o!r division ( ! apo/asy is includ$ "u ! t]m h>lots1 ! daught]s ( ! "m *ur*4 ,9 our int]pretation ( *apt] #ad we %[$ t ! angel cle>ly appli$ ! t]m ,babylon to ! wor%ip]s ( ! second bea/--,prote/antism--z well z to ^? ( ! fir/ bea/4 ,!re=e we mu/ reg>d ,babylon z a g5]al t]m d5ot+ ! :ole city ( religi\s confusion1 ! "m & h] h>lot daught]s be+ simply specific divisions4 ,sid5ote3 ,te/imony ( comm5tators ,_m comm5tators1 ev5 ,prote/ant comm5tators1 h be5 frank en\gh to admit ! real application & =ce ( ^! symbols ( ,revelation z apply+ to bo? ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism4 ,aub]l5 ass]ts t 'h>lot' means1 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 ! apo/ate *ur* ( ,god4--,prophecies ( ,daniel & ! ,revelation1 p4 #bgh4 ,aga91 he says1 ,n simply ,rome1 b ,*ri/5dom z a :ole1 ev5 z ,israel z a :ole1 has become a h>lot4 ,! true believ]s are hidd5 & disp]s$4--,ibid41 p4 #bij4 ,:ile x may n be exactly 9 accordance ) ! ,scriptures to speak ( ! true *ur* ( ,god z be+ apo/ate1 yet 9 a s5se x is true1 = a l>ge "p ( ^? :o orig9ally con/itut$ ! *ur* ( ,god actually did apo/atize1 until a false *ur* assum$ almo/ univ]sal sway & div]s =ms ( error prevail$1 practically eclips+1 = a long p]iod1 ! true *ur* ( ,god on e>?4 ,aub]l5 /at$ 8 conclusion 9 ^! words3 ,not)/&+ ! univ]sal "* ( ! h>lot1 x rema9s true t ! ,roman & ,greek *ur*es are 9 a m peculi> s5se ! h>lot ?an ! ,evangelical ,prote/ant4--,p4 #bid4 ,9 ! well-kn[n ,comm5t>y by ,jamieson1 ,fausset1 & ,br[n1 ! ,rev4 ,a4,r4 ,fausset1 writ+ on ,rev4 #ag3b1 says ( ! h>lot3 ,x c n be ,pagan ,rome b ,papal ,rome1 if a p>ticul> seat ( error be meant1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! judgm5t 7*ap4 #ah3b7 & ! spiritual =nication 7*ap4 #ah3c71 ?\gh f9d+ _! culm9ation 9 ,rome1 are n re/rict$ to x1 b comprise ! :ole apo/ate *ur*--,roman1 ,greek1 & ev5 ,prote/ant1 s f> z x has be5 s$uc$ f its 'fir/ love' to ,*ri/1 ! heav5ly ,bridegroom1 & giv5 its affections to worldly pomps & idols4 ,william ,k9caid1 9 ,bible ,doctr9e1 p4 #bdi1 says3 ,i ?9k ,*ri/ has a true *ur* on e>?1 b its memb]s are scatt]$ among ! v>i\s d5om9ations1 & are m or less "u ! influ5ce ( my/]y ,babylon & h] daught]s4 ,alex&] ,campbell said3 ,! wor%ip+ e/abli%m5ts n[ 9 op]ation ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 increas$ & cem5t$ by _! respective volum9\s confessions ( fai?1 & _! ecclesia/ical con/itutions1 are n *ur*es ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 b ! legitimate daught]s ( t "m ( h>lots1 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,lor5zo ,d[ says ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*3 ,if %e be ! "m1 :o are ! daught]s8 ,x mu/ be ! corrupt1 national1 e/abli%$ *ur*es t came out ( h]4--,d['s ,life1 p4 #edb4 ,aga91 ,hahn 9 ,aub]l5 says3 ,! h>lot is n ,rome alone 7?\gh %e is preem95tly s71 b e *ur* t has n ,*ri/'s m9d & _s4 ,false ,*ri/5dom1 divid$ into v _m sects1 is truly ,babylon1 i4e41 confusion4 ,! description ( ! two =ms ( ! apo/asy1 ,papal & ,prote/ant1 giv5 9 ! ?irte5? *apt] ( ,revelation1 0 convey$ "u ! symbols ( two bea/s1 diff]+ 9 ext]nal appe>ance1 b 9 c]ta9 respects simil> 9 "*4 ,imm$iately foll[+ t repres5tation !re is1 z we h already %[n1 a description ( a di/9ct re=matory "w set =? by ! #add1jjj ) ! ,lamb on ,m\nt ,zion1 ! fall ( ,babylon1 & ! promulgation ( ! ev]la/+ gospel 9 all ! _w4 ,! t]m ,babylon z us$ 9 t scripture is appli$ to bo? ! wor%ip]s ( ! bea/ & ! wor%ip]s ( ! image ( ! bea/ 7made by ! second bea/72 !re=e x embraces bo? =ms ( ! apo/asy4 ,we h j se5 t ! description ( ,babylon1 giv5 9 ,revelation #ag "u ! symbols ( a corrupt woman & h] h>lot daught]s1 repres5t ! papal *ur* & ! divisions ( ,prote/antism4 ,we %all n[ proce$ to %[ t ! two l9es ( prophecy 7*aps4 #ac & #ag7 are p>allel *ronologically1 = !y bo? end at ! same "t & 9 ! same mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! la/ re=mation ,z ! fir/ ( ^! two s]ies ( prophecy end$ ) ! fall ( ,babylon & ! deliv]ance !refrom ( a p :o 7 ) ! ,lamb1 n w&]+ aft] ! bea/1 & :o _h ! ,fa!r's "n writt5 9 _! =eheads1 n ! "n or ! m>k ( ! bea/1 s also ! second s]ies ends 9 ! same mann]4 ,aft] describ+ ,babylon "u its tw(old =m1 "m & daught]s1 ! ,revelator says3 ,aft] ^! ?+s ,i saw ano!r angel come d[n f heav51 hav+ great p[]2 & ! e>? 0 light5$ ) 8 glory4 ,& he cri$ mightily ) a /rong voice1 say+1 ,babylon ! great is fall51 is fall51 & is become ! habitation ( devils1 & ! hold ( e f\l _s1 & a cage ( e unclean & hateful bird4 ,= all nations h drunk ( ! w9e ( ! wra? ( h] =nication1 & ! k+s ( ! e>? h committ$ =nication ) h]1 & ! m]*ants ( ! e>? are wax$ ri* ?r\gh ! abundance ( h] delicacies4 ,& ,i he>d ano!r voice f heav51 say+1 ,come out ( h]1 my p1 t ye be n p>tak]s ( h] s9s1 & t ye receive n ( h] plagues 7*ap4 #ah3a-d74 ,a movem5t ( mighty p[] is symboliz$ 9 ^! v]ses4 ,! language is bas$ on ! exp]i5ce ( ! anci5t ,israelites 9 lit]al ,babylon1 :o1 :5 ! fall ( ! city occurr$1 obta9$ release f _! en=c$ captivity1 & 7 p]mitt$ to return to _! own l&4 ,! real mean+ 9 ?is case is cle>3 t apo/ate ,*ri/ianity has be5 a v]itable ,babylon 9 :i* ! true p ( ,god h be5 held z 9 captivity1 & t ! "t ( _! deliv]ance w\ld come1 :5 !y w\ld1 by div9e au?ority1 be call$ out4 ,notice ! p>allelism 9 ! two descriptions ( ! fall ( ,babylon4 ,9 *apt] #ad an angel decl>es ,babylon is fall51 is fall5 7v]se #h71 & ! next angel ) a l\d voice w>ns t ^? :o wor%ip ! bea/ & 8 image 444 %all dr9k ( ! w9e ( ! wra? ( ,god 7v]ses #i1 #aj72 :ile 9 *apt] #ah ! fir/ angel cries mightily ) a /rong voice1 say+1 ,babylon ! great is fall51 is fall5 7v]se #b71 & ano!r voice f heav5 says1 ,,come ,,out ,,( ,,h]1 ,,my ,,p1 t ye be n p>tak]s ( h] s9s1 & t ye receive n ( h] plagues 7v]se #d74 ,t ?is symbolic picture repres5ts a wond]ful religi\s re=mation is almo/ too cle> to ne$ pro(1 = x succe$$ *ronologically1 & is plac$ 9 direct contra/ )1 ! apo/asy2 h5ce !re c be b "o logical conclusion1 namely1 t nei!r ,ca?olicism nor ,prote/antism is ! la/ "w & t ,god has au?oriz$ a "w t %all ga!r 8 true p out ( ! entire babel ( sect confusion4 ,& t ?is movem5t is to be effect$ be=e ! end ( "t is also cle>ly %[n4 ,9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 aft] describ+ ,god's judgm5t on ,babylon1 & ! call ( 8 p out ( h]1 a voice came out ( ! ?rone1 say+1 ,praise our ,god1 all ye 8 s]vants1 & ye t fe> him1 bo? small & great 7v]se #e74 ,god's s]vants are call$ ^u to rejoice on acc\nt ( _! deliv]ance4 ,^? :o are at he>t image-mak]s & bea/-wor%ip]s w oppose ?is tru?1 & :5 !y witness ! dep>ture ( ! fai?ful foll[]s ( ! ,"l1 leav+ to ,babylon no?+ b ! godless1 graceless pr(essors1 !y w weep & m\rn ov] h] 7*ap4 #ah3af7 & cry1 ,alas1 alas t great city 7v]se #af74 ,b ! voice ( heav5 calls on ! sa9ts = a song ( ?anksgiv+1 say+1 ,rejoice ov] h]1 ?\ heav51 & ye holy apo/les & prophets 7v]se #bj74 ,yea1 praise our ,god1 all ye 8 s]vants1 & ye t fe> him1 bo? small & great 7*ap4 #ai3e74 ,are we to expect su* a response8 ,yes4 ,x is true 9 ! prophecy & w !re=e be true 9 fact be=e "t ends4 ,& ,i he>d z x 7 ! voice ( a great multitude1 & z ! voice ( _m wat]s1 & z ! voice ( mighty ?und]+s1 say+1 ,alleluia3 = ! ,"l ,god omnipot5t reigne?4 ,let u be glad & rejoice1 & give honor to him3 = ! m>riage ( ! ,lamb is come1 & 8 wife ha? made h]self ready4 ,& to h] 0 grant$ t %e %\ld be array$ 9 f9e l951 clean & :ite3 = ! f9e l95 is ! righte\sness ( sa9ts 7*ap4 #ai3f-h74 ,! scriptures j cit$ complete ano!r l9e ( symbolic tru?4 ,! primitive *ur* 0 repres5t$ z a pure woman1 ! bride 7*ap4 #ab3a74 ,dur+ ! reign ( ! papacy a false1 immoral woman reign$ ov] ! k+s ( ! e>?1 :ile ! true woman1 or *ur*1 0 hidd5 '9 ! wild]ness' 7*ap4 #ab3 #f74 ,"u ! reign ( ,prote/antism h] memb]s 7 scatt]$ 9 all p>ts ( ! city ( ,babylon4 ,b1 ?ank ,god1 !y are to be call$ out ( _! scatt]$ condition1 & z a company are repres5t$ 9 two =ms--fir/1 z a r$eem$ ho/ ) ! ,lamb on ,m\nt ,zion1 be>+ ! ,fa!r's "n only 7*ap4 #ad3a-e71 & second1 z ! bride ( ,*ri/ prep>+ h]self = ! soon com+ ( ! ,"l4 ,?is is pro( positive t ! true *ur* is to be br\ght out & plac$ on exhibition be=e ! end ( "t4 ,o!rs ( ! sacr$ writ]s describe ?is same prophetic movem5t4 ,ze*>iah pr$icts x ?us3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t ! light %all n be cle>1 nor d>k3 b x %all be "o day :i* %all be kn[n to ! ,"l1 n day1 nor night3 b x %all come to pass1 t at ev5+ "t x %all be light 7,ze*4 #ad3f1 #g74 ,^! v]ses /& a little cle>] 9 ! ,septuag9t ,v]sion3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day ! papal day t !re %all be no light3 & !re %all be = "o day ! ,prote/ant day cold & fro/3 & t day %all be kn[n to ! ,"l2 x %all n be day or night a mixture ( light & d>kness3 b t[>ds ev5+ x %all be light4 ,we h se5 t ,daniel pr$ict$ ! long reign ( d>kness & apo/asy 9 ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,desir+ to und]/& ! matt]1 he made inquiry1 & al?\gh ! same ?\ghts are beautifully express$ 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 ,i %all1 nev]!less1 quote f ! ,septuag9t1 :i* makes ! ?\ght /ill cle>]3 ,:5 w be ! end ( ! wond]s :i* ?\ ha/ m5tion$8 ,& ,i he>d ! man clo!d 9 l95 444 swe> by ,him t lives =ev]1 t x %\ld be = a "t ( times & half a "t3 :5 ! disp]sion is end$ !y %all "k all ^! ?+s 7,dan4 #ab3f1 #g74 ,a "t1 & times1 & ! divid+ ( "t is ! same prophetic p]iod ( #a1bfj ye>s1 ! reign ( ! papacy4 ,?is 0 to be foll[$ by a p]iod ( disp]sion1 & su* ,prote/antism has be51 = ! p ( ,god h be5 scatt]$ 9 hundr$s ( bodies4 ,b ?is disp]sion 0 to be end$ "s "t1 & !n ! p ( ,god w\ld "k all ^! ?+s4 ,& ,i he>d1 b ,i und]/ood n3 & said ,i1 ,o ,"l1 :at w be ! end ( ^! ?+s8 ,& he said1 ,g1 ,daniel3 = ! words are clos$ & seal$ up to ! "t ( ! end 7v]se #i74 ,at ! "t ( ! end ! disp]sal ( ,god's sa9ts 0 to cease4 ,?is pr$icts ! ev5+-"t re=mation1 & ! nature ( its "w is %[n 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 ,_m mu/ be ,,*os5 ,,out1 & ?or\ghly :it5$1 & tri$ ) fire1 & sanctifi$ 7v]se #aj74 ,! same spiritual movem5t is also pr$ict$ by ,ezekiel4 ,9 *apt] #cd he describes ! p ( ,god z %eep 7see v]se #ca74 ,^! %eep are repres5t$ z abus$1 oppress$1 & scatt]$ by false %eph]ds4 ,_! ga!r+ 9 ?is ,la/ ,re=mation is pr$ict$ 9 v]ses #aa & #ab3 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god2 ,behold ,i1 ev5 ,i1 w bo? se>* my %eep1 & seek !m out4 ,z a %eph]d seeke? out 8 flock 9 ! day t he is among 8 %eep t are scatt]$2 s w ,i seek out my %eep1 & w deliv] !m out ( all places :]e !y h be5 scatt]$ 9 ! cl\dy & d>k day4 ,read]1 ?is is ! "w ( re=mation t ,god is n[ accompli%+ 9 ! _w4 ,babylon is spiritually fall51 & ,god is call+ 8 p out4 ,9 ! well-kn[n ,jamieson1 ,fausset1 & ,br[n ,comm5t>y1 ,rev4 ,a4,r4 ,fausset1 comm5t+ on ,rev4 #ah3d1 has well said3 ,ev5 9 ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 ,god has a p2 b !y are 9 great dang]2 _! only safety is 9 com+ out ( h] at once4 ,s also 9 e apo/ate or _w-con=m+ *ur*1 !re are "s ( ,god's visible & true *ur*1 :o1 if !y w\ld be safe1 mu/ come out4 ,:5 lit]al ,babylon 0 ov]?r[n1 ! ,jews escap$ to _! own l&4 ,likewise ,god's p 9 spiritual ,babylon are comm&$ to come out1 & ) songs ( rejoic+ !y are to make _! way to ,m\nt ,zion1 & !n l5d all _! ef=ts to ! "o "w ( re/or+ primitive tru?1 ?us mak+ ,j]usalem ! joy ( ! :ole e>?4 ,l ! ,jews ( old1 ! ransom$ ( ! ,"l %all return & ,,come ,,to ,,zion ) songs & ev]la/+ joy ^u _! heads3 !y %all obta9 joy & gladness1 & sorr[ & sigh+ %all flee away 7,isa4 #ce3aj74 ,! ,psalmi/ in=ms u t 9 ,babylon ! ,jews hung _! h>ps on ! will[s & wept :5 !y rememb]$ ,zion4 ,:5 _! captors dem&$ ( !m ! songs ( ,zion1 !y answ]$ despair+ly1 ,h[ %all we s+ ! ,"l's song 9 a /range l&8 7,psa4 #acg3a-d74 ,zion's songs 7 songs ( deliv]ance2 h5ce ! ,jews c\ld n s+ !m 9 captivity4 ,s also has x be5 9 spiritual ,babylon4 ,b :5 ! ransom$ ( ! ,"l return & come to ,zion1 songs & ev]la/+ joy break =? aga94 ,! ,revelator describes ?is glori\s result aft] ! p]iod ( ! apo/asy 9 ^! words3 ,& ,i saw z x 7 a sea ( glass m+l$ ) fire3 & !m t _h gott5 ! victory ov] ! bea/1 & ov] 8 image1 & ov] 8 m>k1 & ov] ! numb] ( 8 "n1 /& on ! sea ( glass1 hav+ ! h>ps ( ,god4 ,& !y s+ ! song ( ,moses a song ( deliv]ance ! s]vant ( ,god1 & ! song ( ! ,lamb a song ( r$emption 7,rev4 #ae3b1 #c74 ,^? :o h return$ f ,babylon h heav5ly h>ps & c s+ ! songs ( ,zion4 ,praise ,god6 ,f ,babel confusion mo/ gladly ,i fl$1 ,& came to ! heights ( fair ,zion in/ead2 ,i'm fea/+ ?is mom5t on heav5ly bread2 ,i'll nev] g back1 ,i'll nev] g back4 ,! bea/ & 8 image1 8 m>k1 & 8 "n1 ,my love or allegiance no long] c claim1 ,?\gh m5 may exalt !m to honor & fame2 ,i'll nev] g back aga94 ,! prophecies already cit$ make cle> a mighty religi\s movem5t be=e ! end ( "t1 a movem5t design$ to triumph ov] ! apo/asy4 ,s9ce ! apo/asy 0 tw(old 9 its nature1 compreh5d+ a corruption ( evangelical fai? & ! developm5t ( ecclesia/icism1 x is evid5t t ! ,la/ ,re=mation mu/ bo? re/ore primitive tru? & elim9ate ecclesia/icism1 ?us br++ back to ! _w ! orig9al conception ( ! *ur* z embrac+ ! :ole div9e family "u ! direct moral & spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/4 ,x is also evid5t f ! prophecies t ?is is to be accompli%$ by lit]ally =sak+ ! sy/ems ( man-rule j z anci5t ,israel 0 re/or$ aft] ! captivity by ,god's p leav+ ,babylon & com+ home to ,zion4 ,zion repres5ts ! *ur* 9 its primitive1 unifi$ condition "u ! gov]nm5t & law ( ,*ri/ alone4 ,babylon repres5ts a =eign rule & ano!r law4 ,! two sy/ems are fundam5tally diff]5t4 ,?is diff]5ce 0 true 9 ! type & mu/ !re=e be true 9 ! antitype4 ,9 ! old days ( ,israel's glory =eign]s visit$ ,j]usalem1 b _! pres5ce 9 ! city ( ,god did n make !m ,israelites4 ,& at "o "t ! p ( ,god 7 c>ri$ into captivity 9 ,babylon1 b _! pres5ce 9 t =eign1 hea!n city did n make !m ,babylonians4 ,?is di/9ction is also cle> 9 ! antitypical relation4 ,we d n h to g to prophetic symbols to f9d 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t cle> pr$ictions ( ! rise ( a false ,*ri/ianity 9 opposition to ! true4 ,!y /& out 9 m>k$ contra/ 9 ! prophecy4 ,on ! "o side !re is a false religi\s sy/em describ$ z a bea/ p[] reign+4 ,on ! o!r side is plac$ 9 contra/ a company t h gott5 ! victory ov] ! bea/ & ov] 8 image & ov] 8 m>k1 & !y /& on ! sea ( glass1 hav+ ! h>ps ( ,god4 ,! "m ( h>lots appe>s1 b 9 contra/ !re) is se5 a pure woman1 ! bride ( ,*ri/4 ,9 contra/ ) ,babylon we h ,zion4 ,! sect sy/em1 :]e9 ecclesia/icism reigns & :]e ! full tru? 9 all its purity c n be taught & practis$1 does n repres5t ! true *ur*1 b ,babylon4 ,! sy/em is =eign4 ,x conta9s1 h[ev]1 _m :o are n ,babylonians b *ildr5 ( ! div9e family--,israelites inde$4 ,! awful judgm5ts ( ,god pron\nc$ aga9/ ,babylon are direct$ aga9/ ! false sy/em itself & ! real bea/-wor%ip]s x conta9s1 n aga9/ ! true p ( ,god1 :o love _! ,"l & are will+ to walk 9 ! light ( 8 ,^w z fa/ z !y are able to und]/& x4 ,:5 we consid] t ?is sect sy/em has be5 ! means ( deceiv+ millions--millions :o w come up 9 t la/ day & plead _! religi\s pr(ession1 only to he> ! awful words1 ,dep>t f me1 ,i nev] knew y--:5 we consid]1 ,i say1 ^! evil results1 we c n b repeat ! words ( ! prophecy conc]n+ ! ov]?r[ ( ,babylon1 ,true & righte\s are ,8 judgm5ts4 ,! comm&m5t ( ,god is1 ,come out ( h]1 ,,my ,,p1 t ye be n p>tak]s ( h] s9s1 & ,,t ,,ye ,,receive ,,n ,,( ,,h] ,,plagues4 ,! movem5t to ignore sect l9es & br+ ! true p ( ,god into unity is n bas$ ^u a m]e int]pretation ( prophecy1 h[ev]4 ,! necessity ( su* a "w is be+ felt by ! true p ( ,god ev]y:]e1 ev5 ^? :o make no p>ticul> claims to k ( prophetic int]pretation4 ,k t ! ecclesia/ical sy/ems ( ! pres5t day d n repres5t ! real *ur* outl9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is all t is absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to /ir ! he>t = re=matory action4 ,dep>ture f ! tru? ( ,god c>ries ) x responsibility on ! "p ( all ^? :o become awak5$ to t dep>ture--responsibility to return to ! ,bible /&>d4 ,a f9al re=mation !re mu/ & w\ld be ev5 if x _h nev] be5 pr$ict$ by ! prophets ( old2 = ,*ri/1 ! great ev]-liv+ head ( ! *ur*1 w\ld at ! prop] "t p\r out ^u 8 s]vants ! _s ( judgm5t aga9/ all unscriptural sy/ems & =ms ( wor%ip & dem& ! re/oration ( ! pure *ur* ( ! morn+ "t ( our era4 ,sid5ote3 ,! future prospect ,! "w ( ,god 9 ! latt] days is to be m ext5sive1 h[ev]1 ?an simply call+ ,god's p toge!r f _! scatt]$ condition 9 sect ,babylon4 ,!re are indications 9 ! prophecy already cit$ t ! ev]la/+ gospel is to be c>ri$ to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,! movem5t is to be _w-wide4 ,9 our consid]ation ( p>allel prophecies 9 ,daniel1 we saw t ! k+dom is repres5t$ 9 two phases--fir/ z a /one1 "u :i* symbol x broke d[n ! k+doms ( hea!n d>kness2 & !n z a m\nta91 :5 x is to fill ! :ole e>?4 ,& aga91 aft] describ+ ! #a1bfj-ye> reign ( ! papacy1 ,daniel said3 ,b ! judgm5t %all sit1 & !y %all take away 8 dom9ion1 to consume & to de/roy x unto ! end4 ,& ! k+dom & dom9ion1 & ! greatness ( ! k+dom "u ! :ole heav51 %all be giv5 to ! p ( ! sa9ts ( ! mo/ ,high1 ^: k+dom is an ev]la/+ k+dom1 & all dom9ions %all s]ve & obey ,,him 7,dan4 #g3 #bf1 #bg74 ,!re is abundant evid5ce to be se5 by ! c>eful obs]v] t !re are n[ at "w 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w =ces t are prep>+ = great *anges4 ,*ri/ian *>ity is refus+ to be conf9$ by sect>ian b>ri]s4 ,! ,*ri/ian consci\sness is becom+ ar\s$ to ! evils ( sect>ianism & sect>ian sy/ems z x has nev] be5 ar\s$ 9 any pa/ age4 ,!re is a long+ among spiritual p ev]y:]e to escape f ! blight+ effect ( a divid$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,evangelism is becom+ m & m deta*$ f organiz$ d5om9ations1 & ! d5om9ational l9es are be+ ignor$ 9 a way t w\ld h a/oni%$ ! p ( a c5tury ago4 ,num]\s attempts are be+ made to unite ! v>i\s d5om9ations on ! mission fields & 9 ! homel&4 ,:ile _m ( ^! ef=ts are m]e bl9d grop+ = a way out ( ! fogs ( sect>ianism1 !y %[ unmi/akably t back ( & und]ly+ all ^! ef=ts is a mighty =ce sl[ly b surely ga!r+ p[] t 7s f> z ,god's true p are conc]n$7 %all 9 "t rise to break once = all ! rigor\s reign ( human ecclesia/icism & ree/abli% 9 p[] & glory ! simple1 primitive !ocracy1 :]e ,*ri/ %all be exalt$ z ! true & only rul] ( 8 p4 ,ecclesia/icism1 h[ev]1 dies h>d4 ,9 fact1 x is sc>cely correct to say t x w die at all4 ,! *ur*es ( m5 are l>gely made up ( worldly-m9d$ pr(essors :o "k n ! bir? & life ( ! ,_s4 ,to su* ! *ur* w nev] appe> z any?+ diff]5t f an in/itution organiz$ & gov]n$ aft] ! patt]n ( ! k+doms ( ?is _w4 ,accord+ to ! prophecy1 ,god's true sa9ts w die to ecclesia/icism by =sak+ ! sect sy/em1 b ! rule ( human *ur*ly p[] w g "r on until ! end ( "t4 ,fur!rmore1 we may expect ! contra/ & ! conflict betwe5 ^! two =ces to become m pron\nc$ z ! ye>s g by4 ,:ile ! ,revelation repres5ts ! call ( ,god's p out ( ,babylon z ! movem5t t aga9 br+s into prom95ce ! bride1 ! true *ur* 7*ap4 #ai3a-i71 x also reveals ! fact t !re w be ano!r great movem5t 9 opposition to ! tru?4 ,& ,i saw ?ree unclean spirits l frogs come out ( ! m\? ( ! dragon1 & out ( ! m\? ( ! bea/1 & out ( ! m\? ( ! false prophet4 ,= !y are ! spirits ( devils1 work+ miracles1 :i* g =? unto ! k+s ( ! e>? & ( ! :ole _w1 to ga!r !m to ! battle ( t great day ( ,god ,almighty 7*ap4 #af3ac1 #ad74 ,! nature & purpose ( ?is ga!r+ is describ$ 9 ano!r place4 ,satan 444 %all g out to deceive ! nations :i* are 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 ,gog & ,magog1 to ga!r !m toge!r to battle3 ! numb] ( :om is z ! s& ( ! sea4 ,& !y w5t up on ! bread? ( ! e>?1 & compass$ ! camp ( ! sa9ts ab\t1 & ! belov$ city3 & fire came d[n f ,god out ( heav51 & dev\r$ !m 7*ap4 #bj3g-i74 ,let ?is be a solemn w>n+ to all1 t ,god's p may disc]n betwe5 ! false & ! true4 ,! movem5t t br+s toge!r 9 "o ! real sa9ts ( ! ,"l is effect$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 :ile unclean spirits op]at+ 9 ! apo/ate p[]s ( ! ecclesia/ical _w w effect a totally diff]5t union4 ,! di/9ction is cle> 9 ! prophecy & mu/ !re=e become true 9 fact4 ,! f9al re=mation is on4 ,f9al1 ,i say1 because x leaves no?+ to be re/or$ z reg>ds ei!r doctr9e1 practise1 or _s4 ,x /&s committ$ to ! re/oration ( ! :ole tru? & ! h>moni\s unity ( all true ,*ri/ians 9 "o ,*ri/-rul$1 ,_s-fill$ body4 ,9 %ort1 x /&s committ$ to ! re/oration ( apo/olic ,*ri/ianity 9 its entirety--its doctr9es1 its ord9ances1 its p]sonal reg5]at+ & sanctify+ exp]i5ces1 its spiritual life1 its hol9ess1 its p[]1 its purity1 its gifts ( ! ,_s1 its unity ( believ]s1 & its fruits4 ,?is re=mation w cont9ue until x becomes a great m\nta9 & fills ! :ole e>?1 until ! k+dom & dom9ion1 & ! greatness ( ! k+dom "u ! :ole heav51 %all be giv5 to ! p ( ! sa9ts ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,nor is ?is picture ( ev5ts a m]e dream ( fanciful ideali/s2 = x is already true 9 "p1 & ! m sure ^w ( prophecy to :i* we h appeal$ su/a9s our hope4 ,! actual fulfilm5t ( s _m pr$ict$ ev5ts assures u t !re %all n fail "o ^w ( all 8 good promises4 ,already multipli$ ?\s&s ( ! ,"l's r$eem$ p h disc]n$ ,god's plan ( effect+ unity & h completely ignor$ all ! l9es ( sect & human ecclesia/icism1 recogniz+ z ! *ur* no?+ else ?an ! entire bro!rhood 9 ,*ri/1 & recogniz+ z ecclesia/ical au?ority no?+ else ?an t moral & spiritual dom9ion ( ,*ri/ by :i* alone he gov]n$ 8 p 9 primitive times4 ,?is re=mation is ! movem5t ( ,god4 ,x is n a humanly organiz$ movem5t dep5d+ = its success on ! ability ( m5 to p]suade p to leave o!r *ur*es & jo9 !m4 ,god himself is break+ d[n ! b>ri]s t divide1 & 9 response to 8 call ! r$eem$ are =sak+ human sects & cre$s1 & _! he>ts are fl[+ toge!r4 ,! c5t] ( ?is movem5t is n a p>ticul> geographical location1 nor is its nucleus a p>ticul> set ( fallible m53 ! c5t] & nucleus ( ?is _w-wide movem5t is ,,our ,,"l ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 & its op]ative =ce is ! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,liv+ ,,god1 :i* draws ! fai?ful toge!r 9 bonds ( holy love & fell[%ip4 ,multitudes already recognize no o!r bonds ( union ?an t moral & spiritual aff9ity :i* is ! common h]itage ( all ! disciples ( ,jesus t "k ! bless$ exp]i5ce ( ! heav5ly bir?4 ,multitudes m are beg9n+ to see ! light ( ?is glori\s tru?1 & 9 due "t ,*ri/1 ! ,light1 w illum9ate ! he>ts ( all ! sav$ ones4 ,all hail ! day t lies j ahead6 ,back to ! "o f\ndation1 f sects & cre$s made free1 ,come sa9ts ( e nation to bless$ unity4 ,once m ! anci5t glory %9es z 9 days ( old1 ,& tells ! wondr\s /ory--"o ,god1 "o fai?1 "o fold4