,transcrib]'s note3 ,sup]script$ lett]s & numb]s h be5 m>k$ ) a prec$+ c>et 774 ,! ,life ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ,a ,/udy ,by ,ru% ,rhees #aijb ,copyright1 #aijj1 ,by ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons ,to ,c4 ,w4 ,mc,c4 ,9 ,recognition ( ,wise ,c\nsel1 ,g5]\s ,help & ,lov+ ,appreciation ,i w\ld prea* 444 ! ne$ to ! _w ( ! fai? 9 a ,*ri/1 ! claim t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 & ! dem& = an intellig5t fai?1 :i* inde$ %all transc5d b %all n despise k1 or neglect to h a k to transc5d4--,john ,patt]son ,coyle ,preface ,! aim ( ?is book is to help ?\ghtful read]s ( ! gospels to disc]n m cle>ly ! features ( him :om ^? writ+s inimitably portray4 ,x is av[$ly a /udy r ?an a /ory1 & z a companion to ! read+ ( ! gospels x seeks to answ] "s ( ! que/ions :i* are rais$ by a sympa!tic consid]ation ( ^? n>ratives4 ,^! answ]s are (f]$ 9 an un>gum5tative way1 ev5 :]e ! que/ions are /ill 9 debate among s*ol>s4 ,?is me?od has be5 adopt$ because te*nical discussion w\ld be ( int]e/ to b few ( ^? :om ! book hopes to s]ve4 ,on "s ( ! que/ions a non-committal attitude is tak5 9 ! belief t = ! und]/&+ ( ! life ( ,jesus x is ( little importance :i* way ! decision f9ally goes4 ,less att5tion has be5 giv5 to que/ions ( geography & ar*ology ?an to ^? :i* h a m vital biographical significance4 ,a ^w conc]n+ ! po9t ( view adopt$4 ,! *ur* has inh]it$ a ri* treasure ( doctr9e conc]n+ its ,"l1 ! result ( pati5t /udy &1 frequ5tly1 ( heat$ controv]sy4 ,x is cu/om>y to approa* ! gospels ) ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/ z a premise1 & su* a /udy has "s unque/ionable advantages4 ,) ! apo/les & evangeli/s1 h[ev]1 ! recognition ( ! div9e nature ( ,jesus 0 a conclusion f _! acqua9tance ) him4 ,! ,man ( ,naz>e? 0 = !m prim>ily a man1 & !y s reg>d$ him until he %[$ !m t he 0 m4 ,_! k ( him progress$ 9 ! natural way f ! human to ! div9e4 ,! gospels1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/ ?ree1 are m>vels ( simplicity & objectivity4 ,_! au?ors cle>ly reg>d$ ,jesus z ! ,man f heav52 yet 9 _! ?9k+ !y 7 dom9at$ by ! influ5ce ( a p]sonal ,"l r ?an by ! =ce ( an accept$ doctr9e4 ,x is ) no lack ( rev]5ce = ! importance & tru? ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ t ?is book essays to br+ ! ,man ,jesus be=e ! m9d 9 ! read+ ( ! gospels4 ,! inc>nation means t ,god *ose to reveal ! div9e ?r\gh a human life1 r ?an ?r\gh a s]ies ( propositions :i* =mulate tru? 7,heb4 i4 #a-d74 ,! mo/ p]5nially refre%+ influ5ce = ,*ri/ian life & ?\ght is p]sonal disciple%ip to t ,reveal] :o is able to-day z ( old to exhibit 9 8 humanity ^? qualities :i* compel ! recognition ( ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,an ,app5dix is add$ to furni% ref]5ces to ! wide lit]ature ( ! subject = ! aid ( ^? :o wi% to /udy x m ext5sively & te*nically2 also to discuss "s que/ions ( detail :i* c\ld n be consid]$ 9 ! text4 ,?is app5dix w indicate ! ext5t ( my indebt$ness to o!rs4 ,i w\ld ackn[l$ge special obligation to ,pr(essor ,erne/ ,d4 ,burton1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 = g5]\s help & p]mission to use mat]ial f\nd 9 8 ,notes on ! ,life ( ,jesus2 to ,pr(essor ,%ail] ,ma!ws1 also ( ,*icago1 = v valuable criticisms2 to my colleague1 ,pr(essor ,*>les ,rufus ,br[n1 = mo/ s]viceable assi/ance2 & to ! editors ( ?is s]ies = helpful sugge/ions & criticism dur+ ! mak+ ( ! book4 ,an unmeasur$ debt is due to ano!r :o has sat at my side dur+ ! writ+ ( ^! pages1 & has giv5 con/ant inspiration1 mo/ disc]n+ criticism1 & practical aid4 ,! ,newton ,!ological ,in/itution1 ,april1 #aijj4 ,cont5ts ,"p ,i ,prep>atory ,i ,! ,hi/orical ,situation ,sections #a-ai4 ,pages #a-bj ,section #a4 ,! ,roman e/imate ( ,judea4 #b1 #c4 ,h]od ! ,great & 8 sons4 #d4 ,roman procurators 9 ,pale/9e4 #e4 ,taxes4 #f4 ,! army4 #g4 ,adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 #h4 ,! ,sadducees4 #i1aj4 ,! ,ph>isees4 #aa4 ,! ,zealots4 #ab4 ,! ,ess5es4 #ac4 ,! ,dev\t4 #ad4 ,h]odians & ,sam>itans4 #ae4 ,! synagogue4 #af4 ,life "u ! law4 #ag4 ,! ,messianic hope4 #ah4 ,contempor>y lit]ature4 #ai4 ,language ( ,pale/9e4 ,,ii ,s\rces ( ,our ,k ( ,jesus ,sections #bj-ce4 ,pages #ba-cg ,section #bj4 ,! te/imony ( ,paul4 #ba4 ,secul> hi/ory4 #bb4 ,! writt5 gospels4 #bc4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! fir/ gospel4 #bd4 ,( ! second4 #be4 ,( ! ?ird4 #bf-cj4 ,! synoptic problem4 #ca-cb4 ,! ,johann9e problem4 #cd4 ,! two n>rative s\rces4 #ce4 ,agrapha & ,apocrypha4 ,,iii ,! ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels ,sections #cf-dd4 ,pages #ch-ad ,section #cf4 ,! value ( f\r gospels4 #cg4 ,tatian's ,diatess>on4 #ch4 ,agreem5t ( ! gospels conc]n+ ! *ief ev5ts4 #ci4 ,! pr9cipal problems4 #dj4 ,relation ( ,m>k & ,john4 #da1 #db4 ,mat!w & ,luke4 #dc4 ,d\blets4 #dd4 ,! degree ( c]ta9ty atta9able4 ,,iv ,! ,*ronology ,sections #de-eg4 ,pages #de-ef ,sections #de-dh4 ,! l5g? ( ,jesus' public m9i/ry4 #di4 ,date ( ! fir/ ,passov]4 #ej4 ,date ( ! crucifixion4 #ea-ef4 ,date ( ! nativity4 #eg4 ,summ>y4 ,v ,! ,e>ly ,ye>s ( ,jesus ,sections #eh-ga4 ,pages #eg-fi ,section #eh4 ,apocryphal /ories4 #ei4 ,sil5ce ( ! ,new ,te/am5t outside ! gospels4 #fj-fb4 ,! miracul\s bir?4 #fc4 ,! *ildhood ( ,jesus4 #fd4 ,home4 #fe4 ,religion1 ,education4 #ff4 ,gr[?4 #fg4 ,religi\s developm5t4 #fh4 ,! view f ,naz>e?4 #fi ,! fir/ visit to ,j]usalem4 #gj-ga4 ,! c>p5t] ( ,naz>e?4 ,,vi ,john ! ,bapti/ ,sections #gb-hd4 ,pages #gj-ha ,section #gb4 ,! gospel picture4 #gc4 ,notice by ,josephus4 #gd4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! prophet #ge-gh4 ,john's relation to ! ,ess5es2 ! ,ph>isees2 ! ,zealots2 ! ,apocalypti/s4 #gi4 ,john & ! ,prophets4 #hj-hb4 ,orig9 ( 8 baptism4 #hc4 ,8 greatness4 #hd4 ,8 limitations & self-effacem5t4 ,,vii ,! ,messianic ,call ,sections #he-if4 ,pages #hb-ia ,sections #he1 #hf4 ,john & ,jesus4 #hg4 ,! baptism ( ,jesus4 #hh1 #hi4 ,! ,messianic call4 #ij4 ,! gift ( ! ,_s4 #ia-id4 ,! temptation4 #ie4 ,s\rce ( ! n>rative4 #if4 ,! issue4 ,,viii ,! ,fir/ ,disciples ,sections #ig-aje4 ,pages #ib-ig ,section #ig4 ,john at ,be?any beyond ,jordan4 #ih4 ,! deputation f ! prie/s4 #ii4 ,john's fir/ te/imony4 #ajj4 ,! fir/ disciples4 #aja4 ,! e>ly ,messianic confessions4 #ajb4 ,! visit to ,cana4 #ajc4 ,! miracles z disclosures ( ! "* ( ,jesus4 #ajd4 ,jesus & 8 "m4 #aje4 ,removal to ,cap]naum4 ,"p ,,ii ,! ,m9i/ry ,i ,g5]al ,survey ( ! ,m9i/ry ,sections #ajf-aab4 ,pages #aja-aje ,section #ajf4 ,! e>ly ,judean m9i/ry4 #ajg4 ,)drawal to ,galilee2 a new beg9n+4 #ajh4 ,! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee a unit4 #aji4 ,be/ /udi$ topically4 #aaj4 ,! la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem4 #aaa4 ,! la/ week4 #aab4 ,! resurrection & asc5sion4 ,,ii ,! ,e>ly ,judean ,m9i/ry ,sections #aac-abd4 ,pages #ajf-aad ,outl9e ( ev5ts 9 ! ,e>ly ,judean m9i/ry4 ,section #aac4 ,! op5+ m9i/ry at ,j]usalem4 #aad4 ,! record incomplete4 #aae4 ,! cleans+ ( ! temple4 #aaf4 ,relation to synoptic acc\nt4 #aag4 ,jesus' reply to ! *all5ge ( 8 au?ority4 #aah4 ,! res]ve ( ,jesus4 #aai4 ,disc\rse ) ,nicodemus4 #abj4 ,measure ( success 9 ,j]usalem4 #aba4 ,! ,bapti/'s la/ te/imony4 #abb4 ,! arre/ ( ,john4 #abc4 ,! second sign at ,cana4 #abd4 ,summ>y4 ,,iii ,! ,m9i/ry 9 ,galilee--,its ,aim & ,me?od ,sections #abe-adi4 ,pages #aae-acg ,outl9e ( ev5ts 9 ! ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,section #abe4 ,g5]al view4 #abf1 #abg4 ,developm5t ( popul> en?usiasm4 #abh4 ,ph>isaic opposition4 #abi1 #acj4 ,jesus & ! ,messianic hope4 #aca4 ,injunctions ( sil5ce4 #acb-ace4 ,jesus' tw(old aim 9 ,galilee4 #acf1 #acg4 ,"* ( ! tea*+ ( ?is p]iod3 ! s]mon on ! m\nt4 #ach4 ,! p>ables4 #aci4 ,! in/ructions = ! mission ( ! twelve4 #adj4 ,jesus' tone ( au?ority4 #ada4 ,8 mighty works4 #adb-add4 ,demoniac possession4 #ade4 ,jesus' p]sonal influ5ce4 #adf4 ,! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&4 #adg1 #adh4 ,revulsion ( popul> feel+4 #adi4 ,results ( ! "w 9 ,galilee4 ,,iv ,! ,m9i/ry 9 ,galilee--,! ,new ,lesson ,sections #aej-afe4 ,pages #ach-aeb ,section #aej4 ,! *ang$ m9i/ry4 #aea4 ,! "q ( tradition4 #aeb4 ,fur!r ph>isaic opposition4 #aec4 ,jesus 9 ,phnicia4 #aed4 ,confirmation ( ! disciples' fai?4 #aee4 ,! "q at ,cs>ea ,philippi4 #aef4 ,! corn]-/one ( ! ,*ur*4 #aeg-aei4 ,! new lesson4 #afj4 ,! transfiguration4 #afa4 ,cure ( ! epileptic boy4 #afb4 ,! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 #afc4 ,/ory ( ,jesus & ! adult]ess4 #afd4 ,! new note 9 ,jesus' tea*+4 #afe4 ,summ>y ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,v ,! ,j\rney ?r\gh ,p]ea to ,j]usalem ,sections #aff-agf4 ,pages #aec-afe ,outl9e ( ev5ts4 ,section #aff4 ,! ,p]ean m9i/ry4 #afg4 ,acc\nt 9 ,john4 #afh1 #afi4 ,acc\nt 9 ,luke4 #agj4 ,! mission ( ! sev5ty4 #aga4 ,! fea/ ( ,d$ication4 #agb4 ,)drawal beyond ,jordan4 #agc4 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us4 #agd4 ,ephraim & ,j]i*o4 #age1agf4 ,summ>y4 ,,vi ,! ,f9al ,controv]sies 9 ,j]usalem ,sections #agg-ahh4 ,pages #aff-ahj ,outl9e ( ev5ts 9 ! la/ week ( ,jesus' life4 ,section #agg4 ,! cross 9 apo/olic prea*+4 #agh4 ,! ano9t+ 9 ,be?any4 #agi4 ,! ,messianic entry4 #ahj4 ,! b>r5 fig-tree4 #aha4 ,! ,monday ( ,passion week4 #ahb-ahf4 ,! controv]sies ( ,tuesday4 #ahg4 ,judas4 #ahh4 ,w$nesday1 ! day ( seclusion4 ,,vii ,! ,la/ ,supp] ,sections #ahi-aie4 ,pages #aha-ahg ,section #ahi4 ,prep>ations4 #aij1aia4 ,date ( ! supp]4 #aib4 ,! lesson ( humility4 #aic4 ,! new cov5ant4 #aid4 ,! supp] & ! ,passov]4 #aie4 ,f>ewell words ( admonition & com=t2 ! int]cessory pray]4 ,,viii ,! ,%ad[ ( ,dea? ,sections #aif-bjh4 ,pages #ahh-bjj ,sections #aif1 #aig4 ,ge?semane4 #aih4 ,! betrayal4 #aii4 ,! trial4 #bjj4 ,pet]'s d5ials4 #bja4 ,! rejection ( ,jesus4 #bjb4 ,! greatness ( ,jesus4 #bjc1 #bjd4 ,! crucifixion4 #bje4 ,! words f ! cross4 #bjf4 ,! dea? ( ,jesus4 #bjg4 ,! burial4 #bjh4 ,! ,sabba? re/4 ,,ix ,! ,resurrection ,sections #bji-bbb4 ,pages #bja-baf ,section #bji4 ,! prim>y ,*ri/ian fact4 #baj4 ,! incr$ulity ( ! disciples4 #baa-baf4 ,! appe>ances ( ! ris5 ,"l4 #bag-bbj4 ,ef=ts to expla9 ! belief 9 ! resurrection4 #bba4 ,! asc5sion4 #bbb4 ,! new fai? ( ! disciples4 ,"p ,,iii ,! ,m9i/] ,i ,! ,fri5d ( ,m5 ,sections #bbc-bbi4 ,pages #bai-bbe ,section #bbc4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,jesus' attitude & ,john's t[>ds common social life4 #bbd4 ,contra/ ) ! scribes4 #bbe1 #bbf4 ,8 int]e/ 9 simple manhood4 #bbg4 ,reg>d = human ne$4 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,s5sitiv5ess to human sympa?y4 ,,ii ,! ,tea*] ) ,au?ority ,sections #bcj-bda4 ,pages #bbf-bcg ,section #bcj4 ,contra/ betwe5 ,jesus & ! scribes4 #bca4 ,8 appeal to ! consci5ce4 ,8 attitude to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 #bcd4 ,8 tea*+ occasional4 #bce4 ,! pati5ce ( 8 me?od4 #bcf4 ,8 use ( illu/ration4 #bcg4 ,p>able4 #bch4 ,irony & hyp]bole4 #bci4 ,object lessons4 #bdj4 ,jesus' intellectual sup]iority4 #bda4 ,8 *ief !me1 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,,iii ,jesus' ,k ( ,tru? ,sections #bdb-bea4 ,pages #bch-bdh ,sections #bdb1 #bdc4 ,jesus' sup]natural k4 #bdd4 ,8 pr$ictions ( 8 dea?4 #bde4 ,( 8 resurrection4 #bdf4 ,8 apocalyptic pr$ictions4 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,limitation ( 8 k4 #bdi1 #bej4 ,jesus & demoniac possession4 #bea4 ,8 c]ta9ty ( 8 own mission4 ,,iv ,jesus' ,conception ( ,himself ,sections #beb-bge4 ,pages #bdi-bfi4 ,section #beb4 ,jesus' confid5ce 9 8 call+4 #bec4 ,8 indep5d5ce 9 tea*+4 #bed4 ,8 self-ass]tions 9 response to ph>isaic criticism4 #bee4 ,8 desire to beget fai? 9 himself4 #bef1beg4 ,8 extraord9>y p]sonal claim4 #beh4 ,8 acceptance ( ,messianic titles4 #bei-bff4 ,! ,son ( ,man4 #bfg-bfi4 ,! ,son ( ,god4 #bgj1 #bga4 ,8 consci\sness ( on5ess ) ,god4 #bgb4 ,8 confession ( dep5d5ce2 8 habit ( pray]4 #bgc4 ,no confession ( s94 #bgd1 #bge4 ,! ,^w made fle%4 ,app5dix ,index ( ,names & ,subjects ,index ( ,biblical ,ref]5ces ,map ( ,pale/9e ,"p ,i ,prep>atory ,i ,! ,hi/orical ,situation #a4 ,:5 ,tacitus1 ! ,roman hi/orian1 records ! attempt ( ,n]o to *>ge ! ,*ri/ians ) ! burn+ ( ,rome1 he has pati5ce = no m ?an ! cursory rem>k t ! sect orig9at$ ) a ,jew :o _h be5 put to dea? 9 ,judea dur+ ! reign ( ,tib]ius4 ,?is prov9ce 0 small & despis$1 & ,tacitus c\ld acc\nt = ! influ5ce ( ! sect :i* sprang !nce only by ! fact t all t 0 infam\s & abom9able fl[$ into ,rome4 ,! ,roman's scornful judgm5t fail$ to grasp ! nature & p[] ( ! movem5t ^: unpopul>ity invit$ ,n]o's ly+ accusation1 yet x emphasizes ! significance ( him :o did n /rive1 nor cry1 nor cause 8 voice to be he>d 9 ! /reet1 ^: influ5ce1 nev]!less1 0 work+ z leav5 ?r\gh\t ! empire4 #b4 ,pale/9e 0 n "u imm$iate ,roman rule :5 ,jesus 0 born4 ,h]od ! ,great 0 draw+ ne> ! close ( ! long reign dur+ :i*1 ow+ to 8 skill 9 secur+ ,roman favor1 he _h tyranniz$ ov] 8 unwill+ p4 ,8 claim 0 t ( an adv5tur] :o _h p[] to succe$1 ev5 z 8 me?od _h be5 t ( a suspici\s tyrant1 :o murd]$ "r & left1 le/ "o ( ! _m ) bett] "r ?an he %\ld rise to dispute ) him 8 ?rone4 ,:5 ,h]od di$1 8 k+dom 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 & ,rome ass]t$ a full] sov]eignty1 all[+ none ( 8 sons to take 8 royal title4 ,h]od's successors rul$ ) a measure ( indep5d5ce1 h[ev]1 & foll[$ _m ( _! fa!r's ways1 ?\gh none ( !m _h 8 ability4 ,! be/ ( !m 0 ,philip1 :o _h ! t]ritory f>!/ f ,j]usalem1 & lea/ relat$ to ,jewi% life4 ,he rul$ ov] ,iturea & ,tra*onitis1 ! c\ntry to ! nor? & ea/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 hav+ 8 capital at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 a city built & nam$ by him on ! site ( an old] t[n ne> ! s\rces ( ! ,jordan4 ,he also rebuilt ! city ( ,be?saida1 at ! po9t :]e ! ,jordan fl[s into ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 call+ x ,julias1 aft] ! daught] ( ,augu/us4 ,philip ent]s ! /ory ( ! life ( ,jesus only z ! rul] ( ^! t[ns & ! int]v5+ region1 & z husb& ( ,salome1 ! daught] ( ,h]odias4 ,liv+ f> f ,j]usalem & ! ,jewi% p1 he ab&on$ ev5 ! %[ ( ,judaism :i* *>act]iz$ 8 fa!r1 & liv$ z a frank hea!n 9 8 hea!n capital4 #c4 ,! o!r two :o inh]it$ ,h]od's dom9ion 7 bro!rs1 ,ar*elaus & ,antipas1 sons ( ,mal?ace1 "o ( ,h]od's _m wives4 ,ar*elaus _h be5 designat$ k+ by ,h]od1 ) ,judea1 ,sam>ia1 & ,idumea z 8 k+dom2 b ! emp]or all[$ him only ! t]ritory1 ) ! title e?n>*4 ,antipas 0 nam$ a tetr>* by ,h]od1 & 8 t]ritory 0 ,galilee & ! l& ea/ ( ! ,jordan to ! s\?w>d ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 call$ ,p]ea4 ,antipas 0 ! ,h]od "u ^: sway ,jesus liv$ 9 ,galilee1 & :o execut$ ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,he 0 a man ( passionate temp]1 ) ! pride & love ( luxury ( 8 fa!r4 ,hav+ ,jews to gov]n1 he held1 z 8 fa!r _h done1 to a %[ ( ,judaism1 ?\gh at he>t he 0 z mu* ( a pagan z ,philip4 ,he1 too1 lov$ build+1 & ,tib]ias on ! ,sea ( ,galilee 0 built by him = 8 capital4 ,8 unscrupul\s tyranny & 8 gross disreg>d ( common righte\sness appe> 9 8 relations ) ,john ! ,bapti/ & ) ,h]odias1 8 p>am\r4 ,jesus describ$ him well z t fox 7,luke xiii4 #cb71 = he 0 sly1 & work$ (t5 by indirection4 ,:ile 8 fa!r _h en]gy & ability :i* comm& a sort ( admiration1 ,antipas 0 n only bad b weak4 #d4 ,bo? ,philip & ,antipas reign$ until aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 ,philip dy+ 9 ,a4,d4 #cd1 & ,antipas be+ depos$ sev]al ye>s lat]1 probably 9 #ci4 ,ar*elaus _h a mu* %ort] rule1 = he 0 depos$ 9 ,a4,d4 #f1 hav+ be5 accus$ by ! ,jews ( unbe>able b>b>ity & tyranny1--a *>ge 9 :i* ,antipas & ,philip jo9$4 ,! t]ritory ( ,ar*elaus 0 !n made an imp]ial prov9ce ( ! second grade1 rul$ by a procurator appo9t$ f among ! ,roman knights4 ,9 prov9ces "u an imp]ial legate 7propraetor7 ! procurator 0 an (fic] = ! adm9i/ration ( ! rev5ues2 9 prov9ces ( ! rank ( ,judea he 01 h[ev]1 ! repres5tative ( ! emp]or 9 all ! pr]ogatives ( gov]nm5t1 hav+ comm& ( ! army1 & be+ ! f9al resort 9 legal proc$ure1 z well z sup]vis+ ! collection ( ! cu/oms & taxes4 ,v little is kn[n ( ! procurators appo9t$ aft] ! deposition ( ,ar*elaus1 until ,tib]ius s5t ,pontius ,pilate 9 ,a4,d4 #bf4 ,he held (fice until he 0 depos$ 9 #cf4 ,josephus gives sev]al examples ( 8 wanton disreg>d ( ,jewi% prejudice1 & ( 8 extreme cruelty4 ,8 conduct at ! trial ( ,jesus 0 rem>kably g5tle & judicial 9 comp>ison ) o!r acts record$ ( 8 gov]nm5t2 yet ! fe> ( trial at ,rome1 :i* f9ally induc$ him to give ,jesus ov] to be crucifi$1 0 ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic2 9 fact1 8 d[nfall result$ f a compla9t lodg$ aga9/ him by c]ta9 ,sam>itans :om he _h cruelly puni%$ = a ,messianic upris+4 #e4 ,!re 7 two sorts ( ,roman taxes 9 ,judea3 direct1 :i* 7 collect$ by sal>i$ (ficials2 & cu/oms1 :i* 7 f>m$ out to ! highe/ bidd]4 ,! direct taxes consi/$ ( a l& tax & a poll tax1 9 ! collection ( :i* ! procurator made use ( ! local ,jewi% c\rts2 ! cu/oms consi/$ ( v>i\s duties assess$ on exports1 & !y 7 ga!r$ by repres5tatives ( m5 :o _h b\ght ! "r to collect ^! dues4 ,! *iefs z well z _! und]l+s are call$ publicans 9 our ,new ,te/am5t1 al?\gh ! "n /rictly applies only to ! *iefs4 ,^! tax-ga!r]s1 small & great1 7 ev]y:]e despis$ & execrat$1 because1 9 addition to _! subs]vi5cy to a hat$ gov]nm5t1 !y _h a reputation1 usually des]v$1 = all sorts ( extortion4 ,because ( ?is evil repute !y 7 commonly drawn f ! unscrupul\s among ! p1 s t ! frequ5t c\pl+ ( publicans & s9n]s 9 ! gospels probably re/$ on fact z mu* z on prejudice4 #f4 ,9 ,sam>ia & ,judea soldi]s 7 "u ! comm& ( ! procurator2 !y took ord]s f ! tetr>*1 9 ,galilee & ,p]ea4 ,! g>rison ( ,j]usalem consi/$ ( "o ,roman cohort--f five to six hundr$ m5--:i* 0 re9=c$ at ! "t ( ! pr9cipal fea/s4 ,^! & ! o!r =ces at ! disposal ( ! procurator 7 probably recruit$ f ! c\ntry itself1 l>gely f among ! ,sam>itans4 ,! c5turion ( ,cap]naum 7,matt4 viii4 #e2 ,luke vii4 #b-e7 0 an (fic] 9 ! army ( ,antipas1 :o1 h[ev]1 d\btless organiz$ 8 army on ! ,roman patt]n1 ) (fic]s :o _h _h _! tra9+ ) ! imp]ial =ces4 #g4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ,sam>ia & ,judea 0 !oretically 9 ! h&s ( ! procurator2 practically1 h[ev]1 x 0 left ) ! ,jewi% c\rts1 ei!r ! local c\ncils or ! great sanh$r9 at ,j]usalem4 ,?is la/ body consi/$ ( sev5ty-"o eld]s4 ,its presid5t 0 ! high-prie/1 & its memb]s 7 drawn 9 l>ge degree f ! mo/ prom95t repres5tatives ( ! prie/ly ari/ocracy4 ,! scribes1 h[ev]1 _h a controll+ influ5ce because ( ! rev]5ce 9 :i* ! multitude held !m4 ,! sanh$r9 ( ,j]usalem _h jurisdiction only )9 ! prov9ce ( ,judea1 :]e x tri$ all k9ds ( (f5ces2 its judgm5t 0 f9al1 except 9 capital cases1 :5 x _h to yield to ! procurator1 :o alone c\ld s5t5ce to dea?4 ,x _h great influ5ce also 9 ,galilee1 & among ,jews ev]y:]e1 b ?is 0 due to ! reg>d all ,jews _h = ! holy city4 ,x 01 9 fact1 a sort ( ,jewi% s5ate1 :i* took cognizance ( ev]y?+ t seem$ to affect ! ,jewi% int]e/s4 ,9 ,galilee & ,p]ea1 ,antipas held 9 8 h&s ! judicial z well z ! milit>y & f9ancial adm9i/ration4 #h4 ,to ! majority ( ! prie/s religion _h become *iefly a =m4 ,!y repres5t$ ! worldly p>ty among ! ,jews4 ,s9ce ! days ( ! prie/-pr9ces :o rul$ 9 ,j]usalem aft] ! return f ! exile1 !y _h con/itut$ ! ,jewi% ari/ocracy1 & held mo/ ( ! weal? ( ! p4 ,x 0 to _! int]e/ to ma9ta9 ! ritual & ! traditional cu/oms1 & !y 7 pr\d ( _! ,jewi% h]itage2 ( g5u9e int]e/ 9 religion1 h[ev]1 !y _h little4 ,?is secul> prie/ly p>ty 0 call$ ! ,sadducees1 probably f ,zadok1 ! high-prie/ 9 ,solomon's "t4 ,:at !ology ! ,sadducees _h 0 = ! mo/ "p reaction>y & negative4 ,!y 7 oppos$ to ! m e>ne/ _s & new ?\ght ( ! scribes1 & naturally produc$ "s *ampions :o argu$ = _! !ological position2 b ! mass ( !m c>$ = o!r ?+s4 #i4 ,! lead]s ( ! popul> ?\ght1 on ! o!r h&1 7 *iefly not$ = _! religi\s zeal & !ological acum54 ,!y repres5t$ ! outgr[? ( t _s :i* 9 ! ,maccabean "t _h risk$ all to def5d ! sanctity ( ! temple & ! "r ( ,god's p to wor%ip him accord+ to 8 law4 ,!y 7 kn[n z ,ph>isees1 because1 z ! "n 7sep>at$7 indicates1 !y insi/$ on ! sep>ation ( ! p ( ,god f all ! defilem5ts & sn>es ( ! hea!n life r\nd ab\t !m4 ,! ,ph>isees con/itut$ a frat]nity devot$ to ! scrupul\s obs]vance ( law & tradition 9 all ! conc]ns ( daily life4 ,!y 7 speciali/s 9 religion1 & 7 ! ideal repres5tatives ( ,judaism4 ,_! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic 0 rev]5ce = ! law2 _! religion 0 ! religion ( a book4 ,by punctili\s ob$i5ce ( ! law man might hope to ga9 a record ( m]it :i* %\ld /& to 8 cr$it & secure 8 rew>d :5 ,god %\ld f9ally judge ! _w4 ,because life furni%$ _m situations n dealt ) 9 ! writt5 law1 !re 0 ne$ ( its au?oritative int]pretation1 9 ord] t ignorance might n cause a man to transgress4 ,^! int]pretations con/itut$ an oral law :i* practically sup]s$$ ! writt5 code1 & !y 7 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation z ! traditions ( ! fa!rs4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is oral law made necess>y a company ( scribes & lawy]s ^: bus9ess x 0 to "k ! traditions & transmit !m to _! pupils4 ,^! scribes 7 ! tea*]s ( ,israel1 ! lead]s ( ! ,ph>isees1 & ! mo/ highly rev]$ class 9 ! community4 ,ph>isaism at its beg9n+ 0 int5sely e>ne/1 b 9 ! "t ( ,jesus ! e>ne/ _s _h di$ out 9 zeal\s =malism4 ,?is 0 ! inevitable result ( _! virtual sub/itution ( ! writt5 law = ! liv+ ,god4 ,_! excessive rev]5ce _h bani%$ ,god f practical relation to ! daily life4 ,!y held t he _h decl>$ 8 w once = all 9 ! law4 ,8 "n 0 scrupul\sly rev]$1 8 wor%ip 0 cultivat$ ) m9ute/ c>e1 8 judgm5t 0 anticipat$ ) dread2 b he himself1 l an ,ori5tal mon>*1 0 kept f> f common life 9 an isolation suitable to 8 awful hol9ess4 ,by a natural consequ5ce consci5ce gave place to scrupul\s reg>d = tradition 9 ! religion ( ! scribes4 ,! *ief "q ) !m 0 n1 ,is ?is "r8 b1 ,:at say ! eld]s8 ,! s\l's s5sitiv5ess ( response to ,god's w & ,god's tru? 0 lo/ 9 a maze ( traditions :i* awoke no spontane\s ,am5 9 ! moral nature1 consequ5tly !re 0 frequ5t sub/itution ( reputation = "*4 ,! ,ph>isees c\ld make void ! comm&1 ,honor ?y fa!r1 by an +5i\s application ( ! pr9ciple ( d$ication ( prop]ty to ,god 7,m>k vii4 #h-ac71 & ?us "u ! guise ( scrupul\s reg>d = law discov]$ ways = legal disreg>d ( law4 ,_! !ory ( religion gave abundant room = a piety :i* made broad its phylact]ies & l5g!n$ its pray]s1 :ile neglect+ judgm5t1 m]cy1 & ! love ( ,god4 #aj4 ,yet ! e>ne/ & true developm5t 9 ,jewi% ?9k+ 0 f\nd among ! ,ph>isees4 ,! e>ly hope ( ,israel 0 almo/ exclusively national4 ,9 ! lat] books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 connection ) an enl>g$ s5se ( ! importance ( ! individual1 ! doctr9e ( a p]sonal resurrection to %>e ! bless+s ( ! ,messiah's k+dom began to appe>4 ,x _h its cle> developm5t & def9ite adoption z "p ( ! fai? ( ,judaism1 h[ev]1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,along ) ?is increas$ emphasis on ! wor? ( ! individual came a l>ge developm5t ( ! doctr9e ( angels & spirits4 ,t[>ds bo? ( ^! doctr9es ! ,sadducees took a reaction>y position4 ,politically ! ,ph>isees 7 !ocratic 9 !ory1 b opportuni/s 9 practice1 accommodat+ !mselves to ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s s long z ! de facto gov]nm5t did n int]f]e ) ! religi\s life ( ! p4 ,!y look$ = a k+dom 9 :i* ,god %\ld be evid5tly ! k+ ( 8 p2 b !y believ$ t 8 sov]eignty 0 to be realiz$ ?r\gh ! law1 h5ce _! sole int]e/ 0 9 ! ob$i5ce ( ,god's p to t law z int]pret$ by ! traditions4 #aa4 ,! !ocratic _s 0 m aggressive 9 a p>ty :i* orig9at$ 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ,h]od ! ,great1 & f\nd a reckless lead] 9 ,judas ( ,galilee1 :o />t$ a revolt :5 ! gov]nor ( ,syria und]took to make a c5sus ( ! ,jews aft] ! deposition ( ,ar*elaus4 ,?is p>ty bore ! "n ,cananeans or ,zealots4 ,!y reg>d$ ) passionate res5tm5t ! subjection ( ,god's p to a =eign p[]1 & wait$ eag]ly = an opportune "t to take ! sword & set up ! k+dom ( ,god2 x 0 ) !m t ! f9al w> aga9/ ,rome began4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 l>ge/ numb]s 9 ,galilee1 :]e ! s*ola/icism ( ! scribes 0 n s dom9at+ an influ5ce z 9 ,judea4 ,dr4 ,ed]%eim has call$ !m ! nationali/ p>ty4 ,9 matt]s belong+ /rictly to ! religi\s life !y foll[$ ! ,ph>isees1 only hold+ a m mat]ial conception ( ! hope ( ,israel4 #ab4 ,ano!r developm5t 9 ,jewi% religi\s life c>ri$ sep>ati/ doctr9es to ! extreme4 ,its repres5tatives 7 call$ ,ess5es1 ?\gh :at ! significance ( ! "n 0 is no long] cle>4 ,al?\gh !y 7 alli$ ) ! ,ph>isees 9 doctr9e1 !y %[ 9 "s p>ticul>s ! influ5ce ( ,hell5i/ic ,judaism4 ,?is is sugge/$ n only by ! att5tion :i* ,philo & ,josephus give to !m1 b also by c]ta9 ( _! views1 :i* 7 v l ! doctr9es ( ! ,py?agoreans4 ,!y c>ri$ ! ph>isaic dem& = sep>at5ess to ! extreme ( asceticism4 ,:ile !y 7 f\nd 9 ne>ly e t[n 9 ,pale/9e1 "s ( !m ev5 practis+ m>riage1 ! l>ge/ gr\p ( !m liv$ a celibate1 mona/ic life ne> ! %ores ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,?is community 0 recruit$ by ! initiation ( conv]ts1 :o only aft] a novitiate ( ?ree ye>s 7 admitt$ to full memb]%ip 9 ! ord]4 ,!y 7 *>act]iz$ by an extreme scrupul\sness conc]n+ c]emonial purity1 _! meals 7 reg>d$ z sacrifices1 & 7 prep>$ by memb]s ( ! ord]1 :o 7 look$ ^u z prie/s1 nor 7 any all[$ to p>take ( ! food until !y _h fir/ ba!d !mselves4 ,_! regul> g>m5ts 7 all :ite1 & 7 reg>d$ z ve/m5ts = use at ! sacrificial meals1--o!r clo?+ be+ assum$ z !y w5t out to _! "w4 ,!y 7 indu/ri\s agriculturi/s1 _! life 0 communi/ic1 & !y 7 r5[n$ = _! uprightness4 ,!y rev]$ ,moses z highly z did ! scribes2 yet !y 7 oppos$ to animal sacrifices1 &1 al?\gh !y s5t gifts to ! temple1 7 app>5tly exclud$ f its wor%ip4 ,_! k9%ip ) ! ,py?agoreans appe>s 9 t !y address$ an invocation to ! sun at its ris+1 & conduct$ all _! natural functions ) scrupul\s mode/y1 t !y might n (f5d ! brightness ( ,god 7,jos4 ,w>s1 ii4 #h1 #i74 ,_! rejection ( bloody sacrifices1 & _! view t ! s\l is imprison$ 9 ! body & at dea? is fre$ = a bett] life1 besides _m features ( _! life t are g5u9ely ,jewi%1 su* z _! reg>d = c]emonial purity1 also %[ simil>ity to ! ,py?agoreans4 ,x has always be5 a matt] ( p]plexity t ^! ascetics f9d no m5tion 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y seem to h liv$ a life too mu* ap>t1 & to h _h little sympa?y ) ! ideals ( ,jesus1 or ev5 ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 #ac4 ,! common p foll[$ ! lead ( ! ,ph>isees1 ?\gh af> (f4 ,!y accept$ ! tea*+ conc]n+ tradition1 z well z t conc]n+ ! resurrection1 con=m+ _! lives to ! prescriptions ( ! scribes m or less /rictly1 accord+ z !y 7 m or loss rul$ by religi\s consid]ations4 ,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( _! hold on ! p t ! scribes 9 ! sanh$r9 7 able (t5 to dictate a policy to ! ,sadducean majority4 ,jesus voic$ ! popul> op9ion :5 he said t ! scribes sit 9 ,moses' seat 7,matt1 xxiii4 #b74 ,_! lead]s despis$ ?is multitude :i* kn[e? n ! law 7,john vii4 #di71 yet delight$ to legislate = !m1 b9d+ heavy burd5s & griev\s to be borne4 ,_m ( ! p 7 d\btless too int5t on "w & ga9 to be v reg>dful ( ! m9uti ( conduct z orda9$ by ! scribes2 _m m 7 too simple-m9d$ to foll[ ! !ories ( ! rabbis conc]n+ ! alo(ness ( ,god f ! life ( m54 ,^! la/ rev]5c$ ! scribes1 foll[$ _! directions1 9 ! ma91 = ! conduct ( life1 yet liv$ 9 fell[%ip ) ,god z _! fa!rs _h1 tru/+ 9 8 fai?fulness1 & hop+ 9 8 m]cy4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t by su* z ,simeon & ,anna1 ,za*>iah & ,elizabe?1 ,joseph & ,m>y1 & ! majority ( ^? :o he>d & he$$ ,john's call to rep5tance4 ,!y 7 ,israel's remnant ( pure & undefil$ religion1 & con/itut$ :at !re 0 ( good soil among ! p = ! reception ( ! se$ s[n by ,john's successor4 ,!y _h no "n1 = !y did n con/itute a p>ty2 = conv5i5ce !y may be call$ ! ,dev\t4 #ad4 ,two o!r classes among ! p are m5tion$ 9 ! gospels1--! ,h]odians & ! ,sam>itans4 ,! ,h]odians d n appe> outside ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & seem to h be5 h>dly m ?an a gr\p ( m5 9 :om ! secul> _s 0 dom9ant1 :o ?\ght x be/ = _! int]e/s & = ! p's to *ampion ! claims ( ! ,h]odian family4 ,!y 7 probably m ak9 to ! ,ph>isees ?an to ! ,sadducees1 = ! latt] 7 ho/ile to ! ,h]odian claims1 f ! fir/2 yet 9 _s !y seem m l to ! worldly ari/ocracy ?an to ! pi\s scribes4 ,! ,sam>itans liv$ 9 ! l&1 a p despis+ & despis$4 ,_! t]ritory sep>at$ ,galilee f ,judea1 & !y 7 a con/ant s\rce ( irritation to ! ,jews4 ,! hatr$ 0 inh]it$ f ! days ( ,ezra1 :5 ! zeal\s ,jews refus$ to all[ any int]c\rse ) ! inhabitants ( ,sam>ia4 ,^! ,sam>itans 7 spurn$ z ( impure blood & mix$ religion 7,,ii4 ,k+s xvii4 #bd-da74 ,! sev]e attitude adopt$ t[>ds !m by ,ezra & ,nehemiah l$ to ! build+ ( a temple on ,m\nt ,g]izim1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( a wor%ip :i* s\ght to rival t ( ,j]usalem 9 all p>ticul>s4 ,v little is kn[n ( ! t5ets ( ! ,sam>itans 9 ! "t ( ,jesus beyond _! belief t ,g]izim 0 ! place :i*1 accord+ to ! law1 ,god *ose = 8 temple1 & t a ,messiah %\ld come to settle all que/ions ( dispute 7,john iv4 #be74 #ae4 ,al?\gh ! religi\s life ( ! ,jews c5tr$ ideally 9 ! temple1 x f\nd its practical expression 9 ! synagogue4 ,?is 9 itself is evid5ce ( ! relative influ5ce ( prie/s & scribes4 ,!re 0 no confess$ rivalry4 ,! ,ph>isee 0 mo/ insi/5t on ! sanctity ( ! temple & ! importance ( its ritual4 ,yet ) ! gr[+ s5se ( ! religi\s significance ( ! individual z di/9ct f ! nation1 !re arose ( necessity a practical ne$ = a sy/em ( wor%ip possible = ! great majority ( ! p1 :o c\ld at be/ visit ,j]usalem b once or twice a ye>4 ,! synagogue seems to h be5 a developm5t ( ! exile1 :5 !re 0 no temple & no sacrifice4 ,x 0 ! *>act]i/ic in/itution ( ,judaism z a religion ( ! law1 furni%+ 9 e place opportunity = pray] & /udy4 ,! eld]s ( ea* community seem ord9>ily to h be5 9 control ( its synagogue1 & to h _h au?ority to exclude f its fell[%ip p]sons :o _h come "u ! ban4 ,9 addition to ^! (ficials !re 0 a rul] ( ! synagogue1 :o _h ! direction ( all t conc]n$ ! wor%ip2 a *azzan1 or m9i/]1 :o _h ! c>e ( ! sacr$ books1 adm9i/]$ discipl9e1 & in/ruct$ ! *ildr5 9 read+ ! scripture2 & two or m receiv]s ( alms4 ,! ,sabba? s]vices consi/$ ( pray]s1 & read+ ( ! scriptures--bo? law & prophets1--& an address or s]mon4 ,x 0 9 ! s]mon t ! p le>n$ to "k ! traditions ( ! eld]s1 :e!r z applications ( ! law to ! daily life1 or z leg5d>y embelli%m5ts ( ,hebrew hi/ory & prophecy4 ,! prea*] might be any "o :om ! rul] ( ! synagague recogniz$ z wor?y to address ! congregation4 #af4 ,! religi\s life :i* c5tr$ 9 ! synagogue f\nd daily expression 9 ! obs]vance ( ! law & ! traditions4 ,9 ! measure ( its control by ! scribes x 0 conc]n$ *iefly ) ! ,sabba?1 ) ! v>i\s ablutions ne$ful to ! ma9t5ance ( c]emonial purity1 ) ! di/9ctions betwe5 clean & unclean food1 ) ! times & ways ( fa/+1 & ) ! we>+ ( fr+es & phylact]ies4 ,^! lifeless c]emonies seem to our day we>isome & petty 9 ! extreme4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! gr[? ( ! v>i\s traditions _h be5 s gradual t1 z has be5 aptly said1 ! :ole usage seem$ no m unreasonable to ! ,jews ?an ! etiquette ( polite society does to its devotees4 ,! evil 0 n s mu* 9 ! m9ut5ess ( ! regulations z 9 ! ext]nal & sup]ficial notion ( religion :i* !y induc$4 #ag4 ,optimism 0 ! mood ( ,israel's prophets f ! e>lie/ times4 ,e g5]ation look$ = ! dawn+ ( a day :i* %\ld bani% all ill & realize ! dreams inspir$ by ! cov5ant 9 :i* ,god _h *os5 ,israel = 8 own4 ,9 proportion z ! rabb9ic =malism held control ( ! he>ts ( ! p1 ! ,messianic hope lo/ its w>m? & vigor4 ,yet ! scribes did n ab&on ! prophetic optimism2 !y held to ! lett] ( ! hope1 b z its fulfilm5t 0 = !m dep5d5t on p]fect ob$i5ce to ! law1 oral & writt51 _! int]e/ 0 div]t$ to ! traditions1 & _! /r5g? 0 giv5 to legal disputations4 ,( ! re/ ( ! p1 ! ,sadducees naturally gave little ?\ght to ! promise ( future deliv]ance1 !y 7 too absorb$ ) reg>d = pres5t conc]ns4 ,nor is !re any evid5ce t ! ,ess5es1 ) all _! reput$ k ( ! future1 *]i%$ ! hope ( a ,messiah4 ,! o!r elem5ts among ! p :o own$ ! g5]al lead]%ip ( ! scribes look$ eag]ly = ! com+ "t :5 ,god %\ld br+ to pass :at he _h promis$ ?r\gh ! prophets4 ,:ile "s expect$ ,god himself to come 9 judgm5t1 & gave no ?\ght to an ,ano9t$ "o :o %\ld repres5t ! ,mo/ ,high to ! p1 ! majority look$ = a ,son ( ,david to sit ^u 8 fa!r's ?rone4 ,ev5 s1 h[ev]1 !re 7 wide diff]5ces 9 ! nature ( ! hope :i* 0 set on ! com+ ( ?is ,son ( ,david4 ,! ,zealots 7 look+ = a victory1 :i* %\ld set ,israel on high ov] all 8 foes4 ,to ! re/ ( ! p1 h[ev]1 ! me?od ( ! consummation 0 n s cle>1 & !y 7 ready to leave ,god to "w out 8 purpose 9 8 own way1 long+ mean:ile = ! fulfilm5t ( 8 promise4 ,"o class 9 p>ticul> gave !mselves to vision>y repres5tations ( ! promis$ r$emption4 ,!y diff]$ f ! ,zealots 9 t !y saw ) unwelcome cle>ness ! futility ( physical attack ^u _! enemies2 b _! fai? 0 /rong1 & at ! mom5t :5 outw>d conditions seem$ mo/ di%e>t5+ !y look$ = a revelation ( ,god's p[] f heav51 de/roy+ all s9n]s 9 8 wra?1 & deliv]+ & com=t+ 8 p1 giv+ !m _! lot 9 a v]itable ,canaan situat$ 9 a r5ew$ e>?4 ,su* visions are record$ 9 ! ,book ( ,daniel & ! ,revelation ( ,john4 ,!y are f\nd 9 _m o!r apocalypses n includ$ 9 our ,bible1 & indicate h[ p]si/5tly ! m9ds ( ! p turn$ t[>ds ! promises spok5 by ! prophets1 & m$itat$ on _! fulfilm5t4 ,! ,dev\t 7 midway betwe5 ! ,zealots & ! ,apocalypti/s4 ,! songs ( ,za*>iah & ,m>y & ! ?anksgiv+ ( ,simeon express _! fai?4 ,!y hop$ = a k+dom z tangible z ! ,zealots s\ght1 yet !y pref]r$ to wait = ! consolation ( ,israel4 ,!y believ$ t ,god 0 /ill 9 8 heav51 t he 0 n disreg>dful ( 8 p1 & t 9 8 own "t he w\ld raise up unto !m _! k+4 ,!y look$ = a ,son ( ,david1 yet 8 reign 0 to be z rem>kable = its purification ( 8 own p z = its victories ov] _! foes4 ,^! victories inde$ 7 to be l>gely spiritual1 = _! ,messiah 0 to conqu] 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,_s ( ,god & by ! ^w ( 8 m\?4 ,su* z ^! 7 ready = a m9i/ry l ,john's1 & n unready = ! new ideal :i* ,jesus 0 ab\t to (f] !m1 ?\gh _! highe/ spiritualization ( ! ,messianic hope 0 b a %ad[ ( ! reality :i* ,jesus ask$ !m to accept4 #ah4 ,?is la/ conception ( ! ,messiah is f\nd 9 a gr\p ( psalms writt5 9 ! fir/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 dur+ ! e>ly days ( ! ,roman int]f]5ce 9 ,judea4 ,^! ,psalms ( ,solomon1 z !y are call$1 are ph>isaic 9 po9t ( view1 yet !y are n rabb9ic 9 _! ideas4 ,_! feel+ is too deep1 & _! reliance on ,god too imm$iate2 !y fitly foll[ ! psalms ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?\gh af> (f4 ,( ano!r type ( contempor>y lit]ature1 ,apocalypse1 at lea/ two repres5tatives besides ! ,book ( ,daniel h come d[n to u f ! "t ( ,jesus or e>li]1--! s-call$ ,book ( ,eno*1 & ! fragm5t kn[n z ! ,assumption ( ,moses4 ,^! writ+s h peculi> int]e/1 because !y are probably ! s\rce ( quotations f\nd 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,jude2 moreov]1 "s say+s ( ,jesus report$ 9 ! gospels1 & 9 p>ticul> 8 *os5 title1 ,! ,son ( ,man1 are /rik+ly simil> to expressions f\nd 9 ,eno*4 ,c ,jesus h read ^! books8 ,! psalms ( ! ,dev\t 7 ! k9d ( lit]ature to pass rapidly f he>t to he>t1 until all :o sympa?iz$ ) _! hope & fai? _h he>d or se5 !m4 ,! case 0 diff]5t ) ! apocalypses4 ,!y are m elaborate & enigmatical1 & may h be5 only slightly kn[n4 ,yet1 z ,jesus 0 famili> ) ! canonical ,book ( ,daniel1 al?\gh x 0 n read 9 ! synagogue s]vice 9 8 "t1 x is possible t he may also h read or he>d o!r books :i* _h n won recognition z canonical4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he knew no?+ ( !m1 ! simil>ity betwe5 ! apocalypses & "s ( ,jesus' ideas & expressions becomes all ! m significant2 = x %[s t ^! writ+s gave utt]ance to ?\ghts & feel+s %>$ by m5 :o nev] read !m1 :i* 71 !re=e1 no isolat$ fancies1 b *>act]i/ic ( ! religion ( _m ( ! p4 ,) ^! ideas ,jesus 0 famili>2 :e!r he ev] read ! books mu/ rema9 a "q4 #ai4 ,?is lit]ature exi/s = u only 9 translations made 9 ! days ( ! e>ly *ur*4 ,mo/ ( ^! books 7 orig9ally writt5 9 ,hebrew1 ! language ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or 9 ,aramaic1 ! language ( ,pale/9e 9 ! "t ( ,jesus4 ,traces ( ?is language z spok5 by ,jesus h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! gospels1--! "n ,rabbi2 ,abba1 translat$ ,fa!r2 ,tali?a cumi1 address$ to ! daught] ( ,jairus2 ,ephpha?a1 to ! deaf man ( ,be?saida2 & ! cry f ! cross1 ,eloi1 ,eloi1 lama saba*?ani 7,john i4 #ch2 ,m>k xiv4 #cf2 v4 #da2 vii4 #cd2 xv4 #cd74 ,x is altoge!r probable t 9 8 common deal+s ) m5 & 9 8 tea*+s ,jesus us$ ?is language4 ,greek 0 ! language ( ! gov]nm5t & ( trade1 & 9 a measure ! ,jews 7 a bil+ual p4 ,jesus may ?us h _h "s k ( ,greek1 b x is unlikely t he ev] us$ x to any ext5t ei!r 9 ,galilee1 or ,judea1 or 9 ! regions ( ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,,ii ,s\rces ( ,our ,k ,( ,jesus #bj4 ,! e>lie/ exi/+ record ( ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus is giv5 to u 9 ! epi/les ( ,paul4 ,8 acc\nt ( ! appe>ances ( ! ,"l aft] 8 dea? & resurrection 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #c-h7 0 writt5 )9 ?irty ye>s ( ^! ev5ts4 ,! date ( ! te/imony1 h[ev]1 is mu* e>li]1 s9ce ,paul ref]s to ! exp]i5ce :i* trans=m$ 8 own life1 & s c>ries u back to )9 a few ye>s ( ! crucifixion4 ,o!r facts f ,jesus' life may be ga!r$ f ,paul1 z 8 desc5t f ,abraham & ,david 7,rom4 i4 #c2 ix4 #e72 8 life ( ob$i5ce 7,rom4 v4 #ai2 xv4 #c2 ,phil4 ii4 #e-aa72 8 pov]ty 7,,ii4 ,cor4 viii4 #i72 8 meekness & g5tl5ess 7,,ii4 ,cor4 x4 #a72 o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ+s outside ( our gospels add some:at to ?is re/rict$ b v cle> te/imony4 #ba4 ,secul> hi/ory kn[s little ( ! obscure ,galilean4 ,! te/imony ( ,tacitus is t ! ,*ri/ians d]iv$ _! "n & orig9 f "o ,*ri/1 :o 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius _h suff]$ dea? by ! s5t5ce ( ! procurator1 ,pontius ,pilate 7,annals1 xv4 #dd74 ,suetonius makes an obscure & seem+ly ill-in=m$ allusion to ,*ri/ 9 ! reason he assigns = ! edict ( ,claudius expell+ ! ,jews f ,rome 7,vit4 ,claud4 #be74 ,! y\ng] ,pl9y 9 ! second c5tury _h le>n$ t ! num]\s ,*ri/ian community 9 ,bi?ynia 0 accu/om$ to honor ,*ri/ z ,god2 b he %[s no k ( ! life ( ,jesus beyond :at mu/ be inf]r$ conc]n+ "o :o caus$ m5 to b9d !mselves ) an oa? n to ent] into any wick$ness1 or commit !fts1 robb]ies1 or adult]ies1 or falsify _! ^w1 or repudiate tru/s committ$ to !m 7,epi/les ,x4 #if74 ,?is secul> ignorance is n surpris+2 b ! sil5ce ( ,josephus is4 ,he m5tions ,jesus 9 b "o cle>ly g5u9e passage1 :5 tell+ ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,jesus1 :o is call$ ! ,*ri/ 7,ant4 xx4 #i4 #a74 ,( ,john ! ,bapti/1 h[ev]1 he has a v appreciative notice 7,ant1 xviii4 #e4 #b71 & x _c be t he 0 ignorant ( ,jesus4 ,8 appreciation ( ,john sugge/s t he c\ld n h m5tion$ ,jesus m fully )\t "s approval ( 8 life & tea*+4 ,?is w\ld be a condemnation ( 8 own p1 :om he desir$ to comm5d to ,g5tile reg>d2 & he seems to h tak5 ! c[>dly c\rse ( sil5ce conc]n+ a matt] m notewor?y1 ev5 = t g5]ation1 ?an mu* else ( :i* he writes v fully4 #bb4 ,! reason = ! lack ( writt5 ,*ri/ian records ( ,jesus' life f ! e>lie/ "t seems to be1 n t ! apo/les _h a small s5se ( ! importance ( 8 e>?ly m9i/ry1 b t ! e>ly g5]ation pref]r$ :at at a lat] "t 0 call$ ! liv+ voice 7,papias 9 ,euseb4 ,*4 ,hi/4 iii4 #ci74 ,! impression made by ,jesus 0 supremely p]sonal2 he wrote no?+1 did n comm& 8 disciples to write any?+1 pref]r+ to influ5ce m5's m9ds by p]sonal p[]1 appo9t+ !m1 9 turn1 to repres5t him to m5 z he _h repres5t$ ! ,fa!r to !m 7,john xx4 #ba74 ,b ! "t came :5 ! fir/ witnesses 7 pass+ away1 & !y 7 n _m :o c\ld say1 ,i saw him4 ,our gospels are ! result ( ! natural desire to pres]ve ! apo/olic te/imony = a g5]ation t c\ld no long] he> ! apo/olic voice2 & !y are precisely :at su* a s5se ( ne$ w\ld produce1--vivid pictures ( ,jesus1 agree+ 9 g5]al features1 diff]+ m or less 9 details1 reflect+ individual feel+ = ! ,ma/]1 & writt5 n simply to in=m m5 b to conv9ce !m ( t ,ma/]'s claims4 ,"o evid5ce ( ! reality ( ! gospel pictures is ! fact t we s seldom feel ! individual *>act]i/ics ( ea* gospel4 ,?is is especially true ( ! fir/ ?ree1 :i*1 to ! vividness ( _! picture1 add a rem>kable simil>ity ( detail4 ,tatian1 9 ! second c5tury1 felt x necess>y to make a cont9u\s n>rative = ! use ( ! *ur* by int]weav+ ! f\r gospels into "o1 & he has _h _m successors d[n to our day2 b ! fact t unity ( impression has practically result$ f ! f\r pictures )\t rec\rse to su* an int]weav+1 invites consid]ation ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! rem>kable docum5ts4 #bc4 ,! fir/ gospel impresses ! c>eful read] ) ?ree ?+s3 7#a7 ,a cle> s5se ( ! developm5t ( ,jesus' m9i/ry4 ,! au?or introduces 8 n>rative by an acc\nt ( ! bir? ( ,jesus1 ( ! m9i/ry ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ( ,jesus' baptism & temptation & )drawal into ,galilee 7i4 #a to iv4 #ag74 ,he !n depicts ! public m9i/ry by gr\p+ toge!r1 fir/1 tea*+s ( ,jesus conc]n+ ! law ( ! k+dom ( heav51 !n a s]ies ( great miracles confirm+ ! new doctr9e1 !n ! expansion ( ! m9i/ry & deep5+ ho/ility ( ! ,ph>isees1 lead+ to ! tea*+ by p>ables1 & ! f9al )drawal f ,galilee to ! nor?4 ,?is m9i/ry result$ 9 ! *ill+ ( popul> en?usiasm :i* _h be5 /rong at ! beg9n+1 b 9 ! w9n+ ( a few he>ts to ,jesus' own ideals ( ! k+dom ( ,god 7iv4 #ah to xvi4 #bj74 ,f ?is po9t ! evangeli/ leads u to ,j]usalem1 :]e rejection culm9ates1 ! /]n] tea*+s ( ,jesus are mass$1 & 8 victory 9 seem+ defeat is exhibit$ 7xvi4 #ba to xxviii4 #bj74 7#b7 ,! evangeli/'s int]e/ is n satisfi$ by ?is cle>1 /rong1 picture2 he wi%es to conv9ce m5 t ,jesus is ,israel's ,messiah1 h5ce1 ?r\gh\t1 he indicates ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy4 ,! ?+s 9 :i* he sees ! fulfilm5t are /rik+1 =1 ) b "o or two exceptions1 !y are features ( ! life ( ,jesus objectionable to ,jewi% feel+4 ,?is fact1 tak5 9 connection ) ! emphasis :i* ! gospel gives to ! dea? ( ,jesus at ! h&s ( ! ,jews1 & to ! resurrection z ,god's seal ( approval ( him :om 8 p reject$1 =ms a =cible argum5t to prove ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 n simply 9 spite ( 8 rejection by ! ,jews1 b by appeal to t rejection z lead+ to ,god's signal v9dication ( ! crucifi$ "o4 7#c7 ,?is evangeli/1 :ile prov+ t ,jesus is ! ,messiah promis$ to ,israel1 recognizes cle>ly ! fre$om ( ! new fai? f ! exclusiv5ess ( ,jewi% feel+4 ,! *oice ( ,galilee = ! ,messianic m9i/ry 7iv4 #ab-ag71 ! comm5t ( ,jesus on ! fai? ( ! c5turion 7viii4 #aj-ab71 ! rebuke ( ,israel 9 ! p>able ( ! ,wick$ ,husb&m5 7xxi4 #cc-df71 & especially ! la/ commission ( ! ris5 ,"l 7xxviii4 #ah-bj71 %[ t ?is gospel s\ght to conv9ce m5 ( ,jewi% feel+ n only t ,jesus is ,messiah1 b also t z ,messiah he came to br+ salvation to all ! _w4 #bd4 ,! second gospel is mu* simpl] 9 con/ruction ?an ! fir/1 :ile pres5t+ ess5tially ! same picture ( ! m9i/ry z is f\nd 9 ,mat!w4 ,to its simplicity x adds a vividness ( n>ration :i* comm5ds ,m>k's acc\nt z probably repres5t+ mo/ ne>ly ! actual c\rse ( ! life ( ,jesus4 ,:ile x reports few] incid5ts & tea*+s ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs1 a comp>ison ) ,mat!w & ,luke %[s a pref]5ce 9 ,m>k = ,jesus' de$s1 ?\gh addresses are n want+2 &1 :ile %ort] z a :ole1 = matt]s :i* he reports ,m>k's record is mo/ ri* 9 detail1 mo/ dramatic 9 pres5tation1 & actually long] ?an ! p>allel acc\nts 9 ! o!r gospels4 ,! :ole n>rative is animat$ 9 /yle 7note ! (t-repeat$ imm$iately7 & full ( graphic traits4 ,! /ory ( ,jesus seems to be reproduc$ f a memory :i* reta9s fre% p]sonal impressions ( ev5ts z !y occurr$4 ,h5ce ! frequ5t comm5ts on ! effect ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 su* z ,we nev] saw x on ?is fa%ion 7ii4 #ab71 or ,he ha? done all ?+s well 7vii4 #cg71 & ! introduction into ! n>rative ( ,aramaic words1--,boan]ges 7iii4 #ag71 ,tali?a1 cumi 7v4 #da71 & ! l1 :i* imm$iately h to be translat$4 ,! gospel discloses no artificial plan1 ! *ief ^w ( transition is &4 ,:ile "s ( ! incid5ts record$1 su* z ! second ,sabba? controv]sy 7iii4 #a-f7 & ! "q ab\t fa/+ 7ii4 #ah-bb71 may owe _! place to association 9 memory ) an ev5t ( l "*1 ! book impresses u z a collection ( annals fre% f ! liv+ memory1 :i* pres5t ! actual ,jesus tea*+ & heal+1 & go+ on 8 way to ! cross & resurrection4 ,aft] ! briefe/ possible ref]5ce to ! m9i/ry ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ! baptism & temptation ( ,jesus 7i4 #a-ac71 ?is gospel proce$s to set =? ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee 7i4 #ad to ix4 #ej74 ,! n>rative !n foll[s ,jesus to ,j]usalem1 by way ( ,p]ea1 & closes ) 8 victory ?r\gh dea? & resurrection 7x4 #a to xvi4 #h74 #be4 ,! ?ird gospel is m ne>ly a biography ?an any ( its companions4 ,x op5s ) a preface /at+ t aft] a /udy ( _m e>li] attempts to record ! life ( ,jesus ! au?or has und]tak5 to pres5t z complete an acc\nt z possible ( t life f ! beg9n+4 ,! book is address$ to "o ,!ophilus1 d\btless a ,greek ,*ri/ian1 & its *ief aim is practical1--to confirm conviction conc]n+ matt]s ( fai? 7i4 #a-d74 ,! au?or's int]e/ 9 ! complet5ess ( 8 acc\nt appe>s 9 ! fact t x beg9s ) incid5ts antec$5t to ! bir? ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,jesus4 ,moreov]1 to 8 desire = complet5ess we owe mu* ( ! /ory ( ,jesus1 o!rwise unrecord$ = u4 ,l ! fir/ two gospels1 ,luke repres5ts ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus z inaugurat$ 9 ,galilee1 & c>ri$ on !re until ! approa* ( ! trag$y at ,j]usalem 7iv4 #ad to ix4 #ej74 ,x is 9 connection ) ! j\rney to ,j]usalem 7ix4 #ea to xix4 #bg7 t he ins]ts mo/ ( t :i* is peculi> to 8 gospel4 ,8 acc\nt ( ! rejection at ,j]usalem1 ! crucifixion1 & resurrection1 foll[s 9 ! ma9 ! same l9es z ,mat!w & ,m>k2 b he ga9$ 8 k ( _m p>ticul>s f diff]5t s\rces 7xix4 #bh to xxiv4 #ec74 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,luke to "n ,jesus ,"l m (t5 ?an ei!r ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,) ?is exalt$ conception is c\pl$ a noticeable emphasis on ,jesus' m9i/ry ( compassion2 "h m ?an 9 any o!r gospel he is pictur$ z ! fri5d ( s9n]s4 ,moreov]1 we owe *iefly to ,luke our k ( him z a man ( pray] & z subject to repeat$ temptation4 ,an artificial exaltation ( ,*ri/1 su* z is (t5 attribut$ to ! lat] apo/olic ?\ght1 w\ld t5d to r$uce1 n multiply1 su* evid5ces ( human dep5d5ce on ,god4 ,?is fact increases our confid5ce 9 ! accuracy ( ,luke's picture4 ,! gospel is v full ( com=t to ^? "u ! pressure ( pov]ty1 & ( rebuke to unbeliev+ weal?1 ?\gh ! p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,/ew>d & /ory ( ,zac*u %[ t x does n exalt pov]ty = its own sake4 ,if our fir/ gospel pictures ,jesus z ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's promises to 8 p1 & ,m>k1 z ! man ( p[] at "w be=e our v eyes1 a/oni%+ ! multitude :ile w9n+ ! few1 ,luke sets be=e u ! ,"l m9i/]+ ) div9e compassion to m5 subject to l temptations ) himself1 ?\gh1 unlike !m1 he knew no s94 #bf4 ,! fir/ ?ree gospels1 diff]+ z !y d 9 po9t ( view & aim1 pres5t ess5tially "o picture ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus2 = !y agree conc]n+ ! locality & progress ( 8 ,messianic "w1 & ! =m & cont5ts ( 8 tea*+1 %[+1 9 fact1 v]bal id5tity 9 _m p>ts ( _! n>rative4 ,= ?is reason !y are commonly kn[n z ! ,synoptic ,gospels4 ,yet ^! gospels exhibit diff]5ces z rem>kable z _! lik5esses4 ,!y diff] p]plex+ly 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y arrange "s ( ! ev5ts 9 ,jesus' life4 ,:i* ( !m %\ld be giv5 pref]5ce 9 con/ruct+ a h>moni\s picture ( 8 m9i/ry8 ,!y (t5 agree to ! lett] 9 _! report ( de$s or words ( ,jesus1 yet f beg9n+ to end rem>kable v]bal diff]5ces /& side by side ) rem>kable v]bal id5tities4 ,"s ( ! id5tities ( language sugge/ irresi/ibly t ! evangeli/s h us$1 at lea/ 9 "p1 ! same previ\sly exi/+ writt5 record4 ,"o ( ! cle>e/ evid5ces ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! introduction1 at ! same place 9 ! p>allel acc\nts1 ( ! p>5!sis !n sai? he to ! sick ( ! palsy :i* int]rupts ! words ( ,jesus 9 ! cure ( ! p>alytic 7,m>k ii4 #aj2 ,matt4 ix4 #f2 ,luke v4 #bd74 ,:5 ! ?ree gospels are c>efully comp>$ x appe>s t ,m>k conta9s v little t is n f\nd 9 ,mat!w & ,luke1 & t1 ) "o or two exceptions1 ,luke pres5ts 9 ,m>k's ord] ! matt] t he has 9 common ) ! second gospel4 ,! same is also true ( ! relation betwe5 ! latt] "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w 7,matt4 xiv4 #a to ! end7 & ! p>allel portion ( ,m>k2 :ile ! comp>ison ( ,mat!w's arrangem5t ( 8 e>li] half ) ,m>k sugge/s t ! ord] 9 ! fir/ gospel has be5 det]m9$ by o!r ?an *ronological consid]ations4 ,9 a s5se1 !re=e1 we may say t ! ,gospel ( ,m>k reveals ! *ronological framework on :i* all ?ree ( ^! gospels are con/ruct$4 ,comp>ison discloses fur!r ! int]e/+ fact t ! matt] :i* ,mat!w & ,luke h 9 common1 aft] subtract+ _! p>allels to ,m>k1 consi/s almo/ entirely ( tea*+s & addresses4 ,ea* gospel1 h[ev]1 has "s matt] peculi> to itself4 #bg4 ,9 consid]+ ! problem pres5t$ by ^! facts1 x is well to rememb] t no "o ( ^! gospels conta9s )9 itself any /atem5t conc]n+ ! id5tity ( its au?or4 ,we are indebt$ to tradition = ! names by :i* we "k !m1 & no "o ( !m makes any claim to apo/olic orig94 ,! e>lie/ ref]5ce 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature :i* may be appli$ to our gospels comes f ,papias1 a ,*ri/ian ( ,asia ,m9or 9 ! second c5tury4 ,he reports t an e>li] tea*] _h said1 ,m>k1 hav+ become ! int]pret] ( ,pet]1 wrote d[n accurately1 ?\gh n1 inde$1 9 ord]1 :atsoev] he rememb]$ ( ! ?+s said or done by ,*ri/1 = he nei!r he>d ! ,"l nor foll[$ him1 b aft]w>d1 z ,i said1 he foll[$ ,pet]1 :o adapt$ 8 tea*+s to ! ne$s ( 8 he>]s1 b ) no int5tion ( giv+ a connect$ acc\nt ( ! ,"l's disc\rses4 ,s t ,m>k committ$ no error :5 he ?us wrote "s ?+s z he rememb]$ !m1 = he 0 c>eful ( "o ?+1 n to omit any ( ! ?+s :i* he _h he>d & n to /ate any ( !m falsely4444 ,mat!w wrote ! oracles ( ! ,"l 9 ! ,hebrew language ,aramaic1 & e "o int]pret$ !m z he 0 able 7,euseb4 ,*4 ,hi/4 iii4 #ci74 ,! result ( _m ye>s' /udy by s*ol>s ( all %ades ( op9ion is ! v g5]al conclusion t ! writ+ :i* ,papias attribut$ to ,m>k 0 ess5tially :at we h 9 our second gospel4 #bh4 ,x is almo/ z univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t ! "w ascrib$ by ! second c5tury eld] to ! apo/le ,mat!w _c be our fir/ gospel2 = its language has n ! *>act]i/ics :i* o!r translations f ,hebrew or ,aramaic lead u to expect1 :ile ! complet5ess ( its n>rative exce$s :at is sugge/$ by ! words ( ,papias4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! matt] :i* ,mat!w & ,luke h 9 su* ri* measure 9 addition to ,m>k's n>rative be consid]$1 ! lik5ess betwe5 ?is & ! writ+ attribut$ by ,papias to ! apo/le ,mat!w is notewor?y4 ,! conclusion is n[ v g5]al1 t t apo/olic writ+ is 9 l>ge measure pres]v$ 9 ! disc\rses 9 our fir/ & ?ird gospels4 ,! relation ( our gospels to ! two books m5tion$ by ,papias may be conceiv$1 !n1 some:at z foll[s3 ,! e>lie/ gospel writ+ ( :i* we "k any?+ 0 a collection ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus made by ! apo/le ,mat!w1 9 :i* he collect$ ) simple n>rative introductions1 ^? say+s ( ! ,"l :i* f ! beg9n+ _h pass$ f m\? to m\? 9 ! circle ( ! disciples4 ,at a lat] "t ,m>k wrote d[n ! acc\nt ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus :i* ,pet] _h be5 accu/om$ to relate 9 8 apo/olic prea*+4 ,! "w ( ! apo/le ,mat!w1 :ile mu* ri*] 9 ! say+s ( ,jesus1 lack$ ! complet5ess t *>act]izes a n>rative2 h5ce x occurr$ to "s e>ly disciple to bl5d toge!r ^! two primitive gospel records1 add+ su* o!r items ( k z came to 8 h& f oral tradition or writt5 memor&a4 ,z 8 aim 0 practical r ?an hi/orical1 he add$ su* editorial comm5ts z w\ld make ( ! new gospel an argum5t = ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 z we h se54 ,s9ce ! mo/ preci\s elem5t 9 ?is new gospel 0 ! apo/olic record ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,"l1 ! "n ( ,mat!w & n ( 8 lit]>y successor1 0 giv5 to ! book4 #bi4 ,! ?ird gospel is ascrib$1 by a probably tru/wor?y tradition1 to ,luke1 ! companion ( ,paul4 ,! au?or himself says t he made use ( su* e>li] records z 7 accessible1 among :i* ! *ief seem to h be5 ! writ+s ( ,m>k & ! apo/le ,mat!w4 ,to ,luke's indu/ry1 h[ev]1 we owe our k ( _m incid5ts & tea*+s f ! life ( ,jesus :i* 7 n conta9$ 9 ^! two records1 & ) :i* we c\ld ill af=d to "p4 ,"s ( ^! he d\btless f\nd 9 writt5 =m1 & "s he ga!r$ f oral te/imony4 ,8 close agreem5t ) ,m>k 9 ! arrangem5t ( 8 n>rative sugge/s t he f\nd no cle> evid5ce ( a m9i/ry ( wid] ext5t 9 "t & place4 ,he !re=e us$ ,m>k z 8 n>rative framework1 & ( ! ri* mat]ials :i* he _h ga!r$ made a gospel1 ! complete/ ( any writt5 up to 8 "t4 #cj4 ,su* 9 ! ma9 is ! conclusion ( mod]n /udy ( our fir/ ?ree gospels2 x expla9s ! g5]al id5tity ( _! picture ( ,jesus & ( _! report ( 8 tea*+2 x leaves room = ^? individual *>act]i/ics :i* give !m s mu* ( _! *>m2 & x traces ! mat]ials ( ! gospels f> back ( ! writ+s z we h !m1 br++ u ne>] to ! ev5ts :i* !y describe4 ,! dates ( ^! docum5ts c be only approximately kn[n4 ,x is probable t ! logia collect$ by ! apo/le ,mat!w 7 writt5 n lat] ?an #fj to #fe ,a4,d41 :ile ! ,gospel ( ,m>k dates f be=e ! fall ( ,j]usalem 9 #gj4 ,our fir/ gospel mu/ h be5 made betwe5 #gj & #ajj1 & ! ,gospel ( ,luke may be dat$ ab\t ! ye> #hj1--;all )9 sixty or sev5ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus4 #ca4 ,! f\r? gospel gives u a picture ( ,jesus 9 /rik+ contra/ to t ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,^! pres5t *iefly ! works ( ! ,ma/] & 8 tea*+s conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god & human conduct1 leav+ ! tru? conc]n+ ! tea*] himself to be inf]r$4 ,john op5s ! he>t ( ,jesus & makes him disclose 8 ?\ght ab\t himself 9 a rem>kable s]ies ( tea*+s ( :i* he is ! prime topic4 ,?is gospel is av[$ly an argum5t 7xx4 #cj1 #ca72 its selection ( mat]ial is confess$ly p>tial2 its aim is to confirm ! fai? ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! heav5ly nature & sav+ p[] ( _! ,"l2 & its me?od is t ( appeal to te/imony1 to signs1 & to 8 own self-disclosures4 ,! op5+ v]ses ( ! gospel h a some:at ab/ract !ological "*2 ! body ( ! book1 h[ev]1 consi/s ( a succession ( incid5ts & tea*+s :i* foll[ ea* o!r 9 un/udi$ fa%ion l a collection ( annals4 ,?is impression is n compromis$ by ! recognition1 at "s po9ts1 ( accid5tal displacem5ts1 l t :i* has plac$ xiv4 #cj1 #ca be=e xv4 & xvi41 or t :i* has left a long gap betwe5 vii4 #bc & ! incid5t ( v4 #a-i1 to :i* x ref]s4 ,! !me ( ! gospel is ! self-disclosure ( ,jesus4 ,?is seems to h det]m9$ ! evangeli/'s *oice ( mat]ial1 &1 z ! gospel is an argum5t1 he does n hesitate to m+le 8 own comm5ts ) 8 report ( ,jesus' words1 = example 7iii4 #af-ba1 #cj-cf2 xii4 #cg-dc74 ,! book is *>act]iz$ by a vividness ( detail :i* indicates a cle> memory ( p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,:ile x is evid5t t ! au?or has ! mo/ exalt$ conception ( ! nature ( 8 ,"l1 ?is seems to h be5 ! result ( lov+ m$itation on a fri5d :o _h e>ly won ! ma/]y ov] 8 he>t & life1 & :o ?r\gh long ye>s ( contemplation _h =c$ ^u 8 disciple's m9d ! conviction ( 8 transc5d5t nature4 ,! book discloses a pr(\ndly objective attitude2 ! ,*ri/ :om ,john portrays is n ! creature ( 8 speculations1 b ! ,ma/] :o has ent]$ into 8 exp]i5ce z a liv+ influ5ce & has compell$ recognition ( 8 significance4 ,! ,son ( ,god is = ,john ! human ,jesus :o1 ?\gh nam$ at ! outset ! ,^w--! ,logos1--is ! ,^w :o 0 made fle%1 t m5 ?r\gh him might become ! sons ( ,god4 #cb4 ,! contra/ :i* ! ,gospel ( ,john pres5ts to ! o!r ?ree conc]ns n only ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 b ! sc5e ( 8 m9i/ry & its hi/oric developm5t z well4 ,:atev] may be ! f9al judgm5t conc]n+ ! f\r? gospel1 x is manife/ly con/ruct$ z a simple collection ( incid5ts foll[+ ea* o!r 9 :at 0 meant to appe> a *ronological sequ5ce4 ,x has be5 se5 t ! biographical framework ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels is pr9cipally ,m>k's report ( ,pet]'s n>rative4 ,n[ x is a fact t 9 portions ( ,mat!w & ,luke1 d]iv$ else:]e ?an f ,m>k1 !re are v>i\s allusions mo/ easily und]/ood if x be assum$ t ,jesus visit$ ,j]usalem be=e 8 appe>ance !re at ! end ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan 7,luke x4 #be-cg71 ! /ory ( ! visit to ,m>y & ,m>?a 7,luke x4 #ch-db71 & ! lam5tation ( ,jesus ov] ,j]usalem 7,luke xiii4 #cd1 #ce2 ,matt1 xxiii4 #cg-ci74 ,all ?ree gospels1 moreov]1 agree 9 attribut+ to emiss>ies f ,j]usalem mu* ( ! ho/ility manife/$ aga9/ ,jesus 9 8 ,galilean m9i/ry 7,luke v4 #ag2 ,m>k iii4 #bb2 ,matt4 xv4 #a2 ,m>k vii4 #a71 & presuppose su* an acqua9tance ( ,jesus ) h\seholds 9 & ne> ,j]usalem z is n easy to expla9 if he nev] visit$ ,judea be=e 8 passion 7,m>k xi4 #b1 #c2 xiv4 #ad2 xv4 #dc & p>allels2 comp>e especially ,matt1 xxvii4 #eg2 ,john xix4 #ch74 ,^! all sugge/ t ! n>rative ( ,m>k does n tell ! :ole /ory1 a conclusion q 9 accordance ) ! acc\nt ( 8 "w giv5 by ,papias4 ,x has be5 assum$ t ,pet] 0 a ,galilean1 a man ( family liv+ 9 ,cap]naum4 ,x is n impossible t on "s ( ! e>li] visits ( ,jesus to ,j]usalem he did n accompany 8 ,ma/]1 & 9 report+ ! ?+s :i* he knew he naturally conf9$ himself to 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,if ?is c expla9 ! pr$om9ance ( ,galilean incid5ts 9 ! m9i/ry z depict$ 9 ,m>k1 x w expla9 ! pr$om9ance ( ,galilee 9 ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 & ! contradiction betwe5 ,john & ! ?ree is r$uc$ to a div]g5ce betwe5 two acc\nts ( ,jesus' m9i/ry writt5 f two diff]5t po9ts ( view4 #cc4 ,! "q ( ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! f\r? gospel is greatly simplifi$ by ! consid]ation ( ! "o-sid$ness ( ,m>k's repres5tation4 ,x is fur!r reliev$ by ! fact t a m9i/ry by ,jesus 9 ,j]usalem mu/ h be5 "o ( con/ant self-ass]tion1 = ,j]usalem repres5t$ at its highe/ ^? aspects ( ?\ght & practice :i* 7 fundam5tally oppos$ to all t ,jesus did & taught4 ,:5ev] 9 ,galilee1 9 ! m9i/ry pictur$ by ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 ,jesus came 9 contact ) ! _s & feel+ *>act]i/ic ( ,j]usalem1 we f9d him meet+ x by unqualifi$ ass]tion ( 8 own indep5d5ce & exalt$ claim to au?ority1 altoge!r simil> to t emphasis ( 8 own significance & importance :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( 8 tea*+s 9 ! f\r? gospel4 ,if x be rememb]$ t t gospel 0 av[$ly an argum5t writt5 to comm5d to o!rs ! rev]5t conclusion conc]n+ ! ,"l rea*$ by a disciple ^: ?\ght _h dwelt = long ye>s on ! m>vel ( t life1 & if we recognize t = su* an argum5t ! au?or w\ld select ! in/ances & tea*+s mo/ tell+ = 8 own purpose1 & w\ld d ?is z naturally z ! magnet draws to itself iron fil+s :i* are m+l$ ) a pile ( s&1 ! exclusively p]sonal "* ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus 9 ?is gospel ne$ cause little p]plexity4 ,nor ne$ x seem surpris+ t ! words ( ,jesus z report$ 9 ,john %>e ! peculi>ities ( /yle :i* m>k ! "w ( ! evangeli/ 9 ! prologue to ! gospel & 9 8 epi/les4 ,8 purpose 0 n prim>ily biographical b argum5tative1 & he has set =? ! picture ( 8 ,"l z x rose be=e 8 own he>t1 8 memory ( ev5ts be+ int]wov5 ) contemplation on ! significance ( t life ) :i* 8 _h be5 s bless$ly associat$4 ,9 a gospel writt5 av[$ly to produce 9 o!rs a conviction l 8 own1 ! evangeli/ w\ld n h be5 s5sible ( any obligation to draw %>p l9es betwe5 8 recollection ( 8 ,"l's words & 8 own contemplations ^u !m & ^u _! significance = 8 life4 ,if ^! consid]ations be kept 9 m9d we may accept ! uni=m tradition ( antiquity1 confirm$ by ! pla9 intimation ( ! gospel itself1 t x is ess5tially ! "w ( ,john1 ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 writt5 ne> ! close ( 8 life 9 ,ephesus1 9 ! la/ decade ( ! fir/ c5tury4 #cd4 ,we h 9 our gospel records1 !re=e1 two au?orities = ! g5]al c\rse ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus1--,m>k & ,john4 ,ev5 if ! f\r? gospel %\ld be prov$ n to be ! "w ( ,john1 its picture ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus mu/ be recogniz$ z com+ f "s apo/olic s\rce4 ,a =g] w\ld h>dly h invit$ ! rejection ( 8 "w by inv5t+ a n>rative :i* seems to contradict at s _m po9ts ! tradition ( ! o!r gospels4 ,! fir/ & ?ird gospels furni% u f v>i\s s\rces ri* additions to ,m>k's n>rative1 & x is to ^! two ) ! f\r? t we turn *iefly = ! tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,ea* gospel %\ld be read1 !re=e1 rememb]+ its incomplet5ess1 rememb]+ also ! p>ticul> purpose & individual en?usiasm = ,jesus :i* produc$ x4 #ce4 ,a ^w may be due to two o!r claimants to recognition z orig9al records f ! life ( ,jesus4 ,"o class is repres5t$ by t ^w ( ! ,"l :i* ,paul quot$ to ! ,ephesian eld]s at ,miletus 7,acts xx4 #ce74 ,scatt]$ "h & !re 9 writ+s ( ! apo/olic & succe$+ ages are o!r say+s attribut$ to ,jesus :i* _c be f\nd 9 our gospels4 ,a few ( ^! s-call$ ,agrapha seem wor?y ( him1 & are recogniz$ z probably g5u9e4 ,! mo/ important ( !m is ! /ory ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y 7,john vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa71 :i*1 ?\gh n a "p ( ! gospel ( ,john1 d\btless gives a true incid5t f ,jesus' life4 ,!y repres5t ! _m o!r ?+s :i* ,john & ! o!r gospels h omitt$1 b _! small numb] proves t our gospels h pres]v$ = u practically all t 0 kn[n ( ,jesus aft] ! fir/ witnesses fell asleep4 ,x is c]ta9ly surpris+ t s little exi/s to supplem5t ! /ory ( ! gospels1 = !y are manife/ly fragm5t>y1 & leave mu* ( ,jesus' public life )\t any record4 ,! o!r class ( claimants is ( a q diff]5t "*1--! s-call$ ,apocryphal ,gospels4 ,^! consi/ *iefly ( leg5ds connect$ ) ! bir? & e>ly ye>s ( ,jesus1 & ) 8 dea? & resurrection4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p crude tales t h entirely mi/ak5 ! real "* ( him :om !y seek to exalt1 & ne$ only to be read to be reject$4 ,,iii ,! ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels #cf4 ,! *ur* e>ly appreciat$ ! value & ! difficulty ( hav+ f\r diff]5t pictures ( ! life & tea*+s ( ! ,"l4 ,ir5u at ! close ( ! second c5tury felt x to be z ess5tial t !re %\ld be f\r gospels z t !re %\ld be f\r zones ( ! _w1 f\r pr9cipal w9ds1 & f\r faces ( ! *]ubim 7,aga9/ ,h]esies ,,iii4 ii4 #h74 #cg4 ,be=e ,ir5u1 h[ev]1 ano!r _h s\ght to obviate ! difficulty ( hav+ f\r records :i* seem at "s po9ts to disagree1 by mak+ a comb9ation ( ! gospels1 to :i* he gave ! title ,diatess>on4 ,tatian1 ! au?or ( ?is "w1 0 conv]t$ f paganism ab\t #aeb ,a4,d41 & prep>$ 8 unifi$ gospel1 probably = ! use ( ! ,syrian *ur*es1 sometime aft] #agb4 ,8 "w is "o ( ! treasures ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature recov]$ = u )9 ! la/ qu>t]-c5tury4 ,x seems to h won great popul>ity 9 ! ,syrian *ur*es1 hav+ practically displac$ ! canonical gospels = ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 :51 ow+ to its suppos$ h]etical t5d5cy1 x 0 suppress$ by ! det]m9$ ef=t ( ! *ur* au?orities4 ,x is a cont9u\s record ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ six v]ses ( ! ,gospel ( ,john1 pass+ !n to ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,luke4 ,x closes ) an acc\nt ( ! resurrection int]wov5 f all f\r gospels1 conclud+ ) ,john xxi4 #be4 ,! arrangem5t foll[s g5]ally ! ord] ( ,mat!w1 additional matt] f ! o!r gospels be+ ins]t$ at places :i* approv$ !mselves to ,tatian's judgm5t4 ,"s portions--9 p>ticul> ! g5ealogies ( ,jesus--7 omitt$ altoge!r1 9 accordance ) views held by ! compil]4 #ch4 ,f ,tatian's "t to ! pres5t !re h be5 repeat$ attempts to con/ruct a h>moni\s repres5tation ( ev5ts & tea*+s 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 g5]ally by sett+ ! p>allel acc\nts side by side1 foll[+ su* a succession ( ev5ts z seem$ mo/ probable4 ,our evangeli/s c>$ little1 if !y ?\ght at all1 ab\t ! requirem5ts ( /rict biography1 & !y h left u records n easy to arrange on any "o *ronological s*eme4 ,conc]n+ ! *ief ev5ts1 h[ev]1 ! gospels agree4 ,all f\r report1 = in/ance1 ! beg9n+ ( ! "w 9 ,galilee 7,matt4 iv4 #ab1 #ag2 ,m>k i4 #ad1 #ae2 ,luke iv4 #ad1 #ae2 ,john iv4 #dc-de72 ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s& :5 ,jesus' popul>ity 9 ,galilee pass$ its climax 7,matt4 xiv4 #ac-bc2 ,m>k vi4 #cj-df2 ,luke ix4 #aj-ag2 ,john vi4 #a-ae72 ! dep>ture f ,galilee = ! f9al visit to ,j]usalem 7,matt4 xix4 #a1 #b2 ,m>k x4 #a2 ,luke ix4 #ea2 ,john vii4 #a-aj72 & ! week ( suff]+ & victory at ! end 7,matt4 xxi4 #a to xxviii4 #bj2 ,m>k xi4 #a to xvi4 #h #bj2 ,luke xix4 #bi to xxiv4 #ec2 ,john xii4 #a to xxi4 #be74 #ci4 ,^! facts are en\gh to give u a cle> & unifi$ impression ( ! c\rse ( ,jesus' m9i/ry4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we seek to fill 9 ! details giv5 9 ! diff]5t gospels1 difficulties at once arise4 ,?us1 fir/1 :at %all be done ) ! long section :i* ,john introduces 7i4 #ai to iv4 #db7 be=e ,jesus' )drawal into ,galilee8 ,! o!r gospels make t )drawal ! beg9n+ ( 8 public "w4 ,a second difficulty arises f ! unnam$ fea/ ( ,john v4 #a4 ,by "o or ano!r s*ol> ?is fea/ has be5 id5tifi$ ) almo/ e ,jewi% fe/ival kn[n to u4 ,ano!r problem is furni%$ by ! long section 9 ,luke :i* is s ne>ly peculi> to 8 gospel 7ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad74 ,if ! section _h no p>allels 9 ! o!r gospels we might easily conclude t x all belongs to a "t subsequ5t to ! f9al dep>ture = ,j]usalem2 b x conta9s at lea/ "o incid5t f ! e>li] m9i/ry 9 ,galilee 7,luke xi4 #ad-cf2 comp>e ,m>k iii4 #ai-cj71 & _m tea*+s ( ,jesus giv5 by ,mat!w 9 an e>li] connection appe> "h 9 ,luke4 ,fur!rmore1 ! section has to be adju/$ to t portion ( ! ,gospel ( ,john :i* deals ) ! same p]iod & yet reports none ( ! same details4 #dj4 ,if ,m>k has furni%$ ! n>rative framework adopt$ 9 ! ma9 by ! fir/ & ?ird gospels1 ! problem ( ! ord] ( ev5ts 9 ,jesus' life becomes a "q ( ! *ronological value ( ,m>k1 & ( ! e/imate to be plac$ on ! n>rative ( ,john4 ,if ! f\r? gospel is held to be ( apo/olic orig9 & tru/wor?y1 ! task ( ! h>moni/ is *iefly t ( comb9+ ^! two records ( ,m>k & ,john4 ,! te/imony ( ! ,bapti/1 ) :i* ! f\r? gospel op5s1 mu/ h be5 giv5 "s "t aft] he _h baptiz$ ,jesus1 & ! m9i/ry :i* prec$$ ,jesus' return to ,galilee 7i4 #ai to iv4 #db7 belongs to a p]iod ignor$ by ! o!r gospels4 ,! fir/ ?ree gospels conta9 indications t ,jesus mu/ h visit$ ,judea be=e ! close ( 8 life4 ,!y give no h9t1 h[ev]1 ( ! "t or circum/ances ( su* e>li] ,judean labor4 ,9 giv+ ! emphasis !y d to ! "w 9 ,galilee1 !y pres5t a "o-sid$ picture4 ,:51 !re=e1 we f9d 9 ,john a n>rative ( "w 9 ,judea1 confirm$ by h9ts 9 ! o!r gospels1 we may ju/ly assume t ! arrangem5t :i* fills out ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus by ins]t+ at ! prop] places 9 ,m>k's record ! ev5ts f\nd 9 ,john is ess5tially true4 #da4 ,! consid]ation ( ! "o-sid$ness ( ,m>k's n>rative simplifies ! problem ( h>mony1 b x does n solve all ( ! p]plexities4 ,mat!w & ,luke h mu* matt]1 "s ( x n>rative1 :i* ,m>k has n1 & = :i* he sugge/s no place4 ,:]e %all we put1 = in/ance1 ! cure ( ! c5turion's s]vant 7,matt4 viii4 #e-ac2 ,luke vii4 #a-aj71 or ,john ! ,bapti/'s la/ message 7,matt4 xi4 #b-ai2 ,luke vii4 #ah-ce78 ,x w\ld simplify matt]s if we c\ld take ,luke's /atem5t t he _h trac$ ! c\rse ( all ?+s accurately f ! fir/ 7,luke i4 #c71 z indicat+ t he _h arriv$ at exact c]ta9ty conc]n+ ! ord] ( ev5ts ( ,jesus' life4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t 8 /atem5t 0 simply a claim t he _h c>efully ga!r$ mat]ial = a record ( ! :ole life ( ,jesus1 f ! annunciation ( 8 bir? to 8 asc5sion4 ,:ile we may believe t "s tru/wor?y tradition l$ him to give ! place he has to _m ( ! incid5ts :i* he adds to ,m>k's /ory1 x seems impossible to foll[ him 9 all respects2 = in/ance1 9 sev]+ ! acc\nt ( ! blasphemy ( ! ,ph>isees 7xi4 #ad-cf7 f ! place :i* x holds 9 ,m>k 7iii4 #ai-cj74 #db4 ,/ill m unc]ta9ty exi/s conc]n+ ! hi/oric connection ( tea*+s ( ,jesus to :i* ,mat!w & ,luke give diff]5t sett+s2 = example1 ! ,"l's ,pray] 7,matt4 vi4 #i-ae2 ,luke xi4 #a-d71 & ! exhortations aga9/ anxiety 7,matt4 vi4 #be-cd2 ,luke xii4 #bb-ca74 ,we h se5 t mu* ( ! tea*+ common to ^! gospels is probably d]iv$ f ! collection ( ! oracles ( ! ,"l made by ! apo/le ,mat!w4 ,ev]y?+ t we c inf] conc]n+ su* a collection ( oracles indicates t1 :ile "s ( ! tea*+s may h be5 connect$ ) p>ticul> hi/oric situations 7comp>e ,luke xi4 #a71 _m w\ld altoge!r lack su* introductory words4 ,a lat] example ( :at su* a collection may h be5 has come to light rec5tly 9 ! s-call$ ,say+s ( ,jesus1 discov]$ 9 ,egypt & publi%$ 9 #ahig4 ,9 ^! ! occasion = ! tea*+ has be5 q lo/2 ! sole int]e/ c5tres 9 ! fact t ,jesus is suppos$ to h said ! ?+s record$4 ,if ,mat!w's book conta9$ su* logia or oracles1 x is probable t ! orig9al connection 9 :i* mo/ ( !m 7 spok5 0 a matt] ( no conc]n to ! apo/le1 & consequ5tly has be5 lo/ ,?is 9 no way compromises ! g5u95ess ( ^! say+s ( ,jesus4 ,! treatm5t ( ,luke ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad is mu* simplifi$ by ?is consid]ation4 ,to ,luke's indu/ry 7i4 #a-d7 we owe ! pres]vation ( "s ev5ts & v _m tea*+s :i* no o!r evangeli/ has record$4 ,"s ( ?is new mat]ial 7= in/ance1 vii4 #aa-ag1 #cf-ej7 he has assign$ a place 9 ! mid/ ( ,m>k's n>rative4 ,mo/ ( x1 h[ev]1 he has ga!r$ toge!r 9 :at seems to be a sort ( app5dix1 :i* he has ins]t$ betwe5 ! close ( ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee & ! f9al arrival 9 ,judea4 ,= _m ( ! tea*+s x is n[ impossible to assign a "t or place4 ,t ?is is s w cause no surprise or difficulty if we rememb] t 9 ! e>lie/ days ! report ( :at ,jesus said & did circulat$ 9 ! =m ( oral tradition only4 ,x 0 ! k t fir/-h& witnesses 7 pass+ away t l$ to ! writ+ ( ! gospels4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( oral tradition _m tea*+s ( ! ,"l 7 d\btless kept cle>ly & accurately 9 memory aft] ! hi/oric situations :i* l$ to _! fir/ utt]ance 7 q =gott54 #dc4 ,?is fact helps to expla9 ano!r p]plexity 9 our gospel n>ratives4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two acc\nts ( ! cure ( ! c5turion's s]vant reveals diff]5ces ( detail mo/ p]plex+1 if we ask = m9ute agreem5t 9 records ( ! same ev5ts4 ,:5 we see t ( two acc\nts evid5tly report+ ! same incid5t1 "o c say t ! c5turion himself s\ght ,jesus & ask$ ! cure ( 8 s]vant 7,matt4 viii4 #e1 #h71 :ile ! o!r makes him decl>e himself unwor?y to come 9 p]son to ! ,"l 7,luke vii4 #g71 ! "q arises :e!r o!r acc\nts1 simil> 9 ! ma9 b diff]+ 9 detail1 %\ld n be id5tifi$ z indep5d5t records ( "o ev5t4 ,7 !re two cleans+s ( ! temple 7,john ii4 #ac-bb2 ,m>k xi4 #ae-ai71 two miracul\s draughts ( fi%es 7,luke v4 #d-aa2 ,john xxi4 #e-h71 two rejections at ,naz>e? 7,m>k vi4 #a-f2 ,luke iv4 #af-cj71 two p>ables ( ! ,leav51 ( ! ,mu/>d ,se$ 7,matt4 xiii4 #ca-cc2 ,luke xiii4 #ah-ba71 & ( ! ,lo/ ,%eep 7,matt1 xviii4 #ab-ad2 ,luke xv4 #d-g78 ,su* simil> records are (t5 call$ d\blets1 & ! "q ( id5tity or di/9ctness c be answ]$ only aft] a special /udy ( ea* case4 ,x is important to notice t a giv5 tea*+1 p>ticul>ly if x took ! =m ( an illu/ration1 w\ld naturally be us$ by ,jesus on _m diff]5t occasions4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d two acc\nts ( specific do+s ( ,jesus simil> 9 detail x is ne$ful to recognize t def9ite hi/oric situations d n s (t5 repeat !mselves z d occasions = simil> or id5tical tea*+s4 #dd4 ,all ^! consid]ations %[ t :ile ! g5]al ord] ( ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus may be det]m9$ ) a good degree ( probability1 we mu/ be cont5t to rema9 unc]ta9 conc]n+ ! place to be giv5 to _m incid5ts & to m tea*+s4 ,su* unc]ta9ty is ( small conc]n1 s9ce our unh>moniz$ gospels h n fail$ dur+ all ^! c5turies to produce "o fair picture1 to ! total impression ( :i* ea* tea*+ & de$ make def9ite contribution q indep5d5tly ( our ability to give to ea* its p>ticul> place 9 relation to ! :ole4 ,! degree ( c]ta9ty atta9able ju/ifies1 h[ev]1 a cont9u$ int]e/ 9 ! old /udy ( h>mony1 because ( ! m compreh5sive idea x gives ( ! m9i/ry depict$ 9 ! p>tial n>ratives ( our sev]al gospels4 ,,iv ,! ,*ronology #de4 ,! l5g? ( ! public m9i/ry ( ,jesus 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ que/ions :i* arose 9 ! /udy ( ! f\r gospels4 ,9 ! second & ?ird c5turies x 0 n uncommon to f9d ! answ] 9 ! passage f ,isaiah 7lxi4 #a1 #b71 :i* ,jesus decl>$ 0 fulfill$ 9 himself4 ,! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l 0 tak5 to indicate t ! m9i/ry cov]$ little m ?an a ye>4 ,! fact t ! fir/ ?ree gospels m5tion b "o ,passov] 7t at ! end71 & b "o j\rney to ,j]usalem1 seems at fir/ to be favorable to ?is conclusion1 & to make peculi>ly significant ! c>e tak5 by ,luke to give ! exact date = ! op5+ ( ,jesus' m9i/ry 7iii4 #a1 #b74 ,9 fact1 ! second c5tury ,gno/ics1 rely+ app>5tly on ,luke1 assign$ bo? ! m9i/ry & dea? ( ,jesus to ! fifte5? ye> ( ,tib]ius ,cs>1--an int]pretation :i* may h giv5 rise to ! widely spread1 e>ly tradition1 f\nd1 = example1 9 ,t]tullian 7,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs1 94 #afj71 :i* plac$ ! dea? ( ,jesus 9 ,a4,d4 #bi1 dur+ ! consul%ip ( ,l4 ,rubellius ,gem9us & ,c4 ,fufius ,gem9us4 #df4 ,! !ory t ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus ext5d$ ov] b little m ?an "o ye> is beset1 h[ev]1 by difficulties t seem insup]able4 ,! fir/ is pres5t$ by ! ?ree ,passov]s di/9ctly m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john 7ii4 #ac2 vi4 #d2 xii4 #a74 ,! la/ ( ^! is pla9ly id5tical ) ! "o nam$ 9 ! o!r gospels4 ,! second gives ! "t ( ye> = ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&1 & agrees ) ! m5tion ( ! gre5 grass 9 ! acc\nt ( ,m>k & ,mat!w 7,m>k vi4 #ci2 ,matt4 xiv4 #ai74 ,john's fir/ ,passov] falls 9 a section :i* dem&s a place be=e ,m>k i4 #ad 7comp>e ,john iii4 #bd74 ,h5ce x mu/ be %[n t ?is fir/ ,passov] is *ronologically out ( ord] 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 or ! "o ye> m9i/ry advocat$ by ! second c5tury ,gno/ics1 by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 by ,orig51 & ( late ye>s by ,keim & o!rs1 is se5 to be impossible4 ,! fact t at ?is ,passov] ,jesus cleans$ ! temple1 & t ! o!r gospels assign su* a cleans+ to ! close ( ! m9i/ry1 sugge/s ! possibility t ,john has set x at ! op5+ ( 8 n>rative = reasons connect$ ) 8 argum5t4 ,?is int]pretation falls1 h[ev]1 be=e ! p]fect simplicity ( /ructure ( ,john's n>rative4 ,! transitions f incid5t to incid5t 9 ?is gospel are ^? ( simple succession1 & indicate1 on ! writ]'s "p1 no suspicion t he 0 contradict+ notions conc]n+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus famili> to 8 contempor>ies4 ,:atev] ! conclusion rea*$ conc]n+ ! au?or%ip ( ! gospel1 ! fact t x ga9$ curr5cy v e>ly z apo/olic w\ld seem to prove t its conception ( ! l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry 0 n oppos$ to ! recogniz$ apo/olic te/imony4 ,x is safe to conclude1 !re=e1 t "t mu/ be all[$ 9 ,jesus' m9i/ry = at lea/ ?ree ,passov] seasons4 #dg4 ,) ?is conclusion mo/ mod]n discussions ( ! "q re/1 & x is possible t x may f9ally w9 common cons5t4 ,! ord] ( ,m>k's n>rative1 h[ev]1 *all5ges x4 ,?is gospel records ne> ! beg9n+ 7ii4 #bc7 a controv]sy ) ! ,ph>isees occasion$ by ! fact t ,jesus' disciples pluck$ & ate ! rip5+ gra9 z !y pass$ on a ,sabba? day ?r\gh ! fields4 ,z ,m>k places mu* lat] 7vi4 #cj-cd7 ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&1 :i* occurr$ at a ,passov]1 t is ! beg9n+ ( ! h>ve/ 7,lev4 xxiii4 #e-aa71 8 ord] sugge/s ! necessity ( includ+ two h>ve/ seasons 9 ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee1 & consequ5tly f\r ,passov]s 9 ! public life ( ,jesus4 ,two consid]ations are urg$ aga9/ ?is conclusion4 7#a7 ,papias 9 8 ref]5ce to ! ,gospel ( ,m>k criticises ! ord] ( ! gospel2 7#b7 ,m>k ii4 #a to iii4 #f conta9s a gr\p ( five conflicts ) ! critics ( ,jesus1 :i* repres5ts a mass+ ( opposition t seems unlikely at ! outset ( 8 ,galilean "w4 ,! rem>k ( ,papias mu/ rema9 obscure until 8 /&>d ( comp>ison is kn[n4 ,"s sugge/ t he knew ,john's ord] & pref]r$ x1 o!rs t he agre$ ) t adopt$ by ,tatian 9 8 ,diatess>on4 ,m>k is 9 accord ) nei!r ( ^!4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 kn[s :at ord] ,papias pref]r$4 ,! e>ly conflict gr\p does appe> l a collection drawn f diff]5t p>ts ( ! m9i/ry4 ,yet ! nucleus ( ! gr\p--! cure ( ! p>alytic 7ii4 #a-ab7 & ! call ( ,levi 7ii4 #ac-ag7--;is cle>ly 9 its "r place 9 ,m>k 7see ,holtzmann1 ,h&-comm5t>1 ,i4 #aj74 ,! "q ab\t fa/+ 7ii4 #ah-bb7 may h be5 ask$ mu* lat]1 & its pres5t place may be due to association 9 tradition ) ! criticism ( ,jesus' fell[%ip ) publicans 7ii4 #af74 ,9 l mann] ! cure ( ! )]$ h& 7iii4 #a-f7 may h become artificially gr\p$ ) ! incid5t ( ! cornfields4 ,x is possible1 also1 t bo? ,sabba? controv]sies owe _! e>ly place 9 ! gospel to traditional association ) ! e>ly conflicts 7ii4 #a-ag74 ,if s1 ! pluck+ ( ! gra9 actually occurr$ "s weeks aft] ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&1 & probably aft] ! controv]sy ab\t tradition 7vii4 #a-bc71 ) :i*1 accord+ to ,m>k1 ,jesus' activity 9 ,galilee practically clos$4 ,x is n cle>1 h[ev]1 :at pr9ciple ( association drew =w>d to ! e>ly gr\p ! ,sabba? conflict1 & left 9 its place ! controv]sy ab\t tradition4 ,x is ?us possible t ! incid5t ( ! cornfields belongs also to ! e>ly nucleus ( ! gr\p2 & 9 ?is case ! long] m9i/ry1 includ+ f\r ,passov]s1 mu/ be accept$4 ,! decision ( ! "q is n ( vital importance1 b x affects ! det]m9ation ( ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts 9 ,jesus' life4 ,:atev] ! explanation ( ! rem>k ( ,papias1 ! m ! gospels are /udi$ ! m does ,m>k's ord] ( ev5ts comm5d itself 9 g5]al z repres5t+ ! probable fact4 ,_m /ud5ts h inf]r$ ! ?ree ye> m9i/ry f ! ,gospel ( ,john alone1 id5tify+ ! unnam$ fea/ 9 ,john v4 #a ) a ,passov]4 ,b ,john's allusion to t fea/ is s indef9ite t ! l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry mu/ be det]m9$ q indep5d5tly ( x4 #dh4 ,s long a m9i/ry z ?ree ye>s pres5ts "s difficulties1 = all t is told u 9 ! f\r gospels w\ld cov] b a small fraction ( ?is "t4 ,john's /atem5t 7xx4 #cj7 t he omitt$ _m ?+s f ,jesus' life 9 mak+ 8 book is evid5tly true ( all ! evangeli/s1 & long gaps1 su* z are evid5t 9 ! f\r? gospel1 mu/ be assum$ 9 ! o!r ?ree4 ,recall+ ! "* ( ! gospels z pictures ( ,jesus r ?an n>ratives ( 8 life1 we may easily ackn[l$ge ! incomplet5ess ( our record ( ! ?ree ye>s ( m9i/ry1 & wond] ! m at ! vividness ( impression produc$ ) su* economy ( mat]ial4 ,?is meagr5ess ( mat]ial is n decisive = ! %ort] r ?an ! long] m9i/ry1 = x is evid5t t to effect su* a *ange 9 conviction & feel+ z ,jesus wr\ght 9 ! m9ds ( ! ard5t ,galileans :o 7 8 disciples1 requir$ "t4 ,?ree ye>s are bett] suit$ to effect ?is *ange ?an two4 #di4 ,closely relat$ to ! "q ( ! l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry is ano!r3 ,c def9ite dates be giv5 = ! *ief ev5ts 9 8 life8 ,= ! ye> ( ! op5+ ( 8 public activity ! gospels furni% two indep5d5t te/imonies3 ! rem>k ( ! ,jews on ! occasion ( ,jesus' fir/ visit to ,j]usalem1 ,=ty & six ye>s 0 ?is temple 9 build+ 7,john ii4 #bj71 & ,luke's c>eful dat+ ( ! appe>ance ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 9 ! fifte5? ye> ( ,tib]ius ,cs> 7iii4 #a1 #b74 ,john ii4 #bj leads to ! conclusion t ! fir/ ,passov] fell 9 ! spr+ ( ,a4,d4 #bf or #bg1 s9ce we le>n f ,josephus 7,ant4 xv4 #aa4 #a7 t ,h]od began to rebuild ! temple 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 :i* clos$ 9 ! spr+ ( ,b4,c4 #ai4 ,luke iii4 #a gives a date contradictory to ! "o j f\nd1 if ! fifte5? ye> ( ,tib]ius is to be c\nt$ f ! dea? ( 8 pr$ecessor1 = ,augu/us di$ ,augu/ #ai1 ,a4,d4 #ad4 ,reckon$ f ?is "t ! op5+ ( ,john's "w falls 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #bh1 & ! fir/ ,passov] ( ,jesus' m9i/ry c\ld n be e>li] ?an ! spr+ ( #bi4 ,?is is at lea/ two ye>s lat] ?an is indicat$ by ! /atem5t 9 ,john4 ,! rem>k 9 ,john is1 h[ev]1 s incid5tal & s lack+ 9 significance = 8 argum5t t its def9it5ess c be expla9$ only z due to a cle> hi/oric rem9isc5ce2 b x does n foll[ t ,luke has err$ 9 ! date giv5 by him4 ,al?\gh ,augu/us did n die until ,a4,d4 #ad1 !re is evid5ce t ,tib]ius 0 associat$ ) him 9 au?ority ov] ! army & ! prov9ces n lat] ?an ,janu>y1 ,a4,d4 #ab4 ,"o :o liv$ & wrote 9 ! reign ( ,titus may possibly h appli$ to ! reign ( ,tib]ius a mode ( reckon+ cu/om>y 9 ! case ( ,titus1 z ,pr(essor ,ramsay has %[n 7,0 ,*ri/ born at ,be?lehem1 #bjb74 ,if ?is is ! fact1 ,luke reckon$ f ! co-reg5cy ( ,tib]ius2 h5ce ! fifte5? ye> w\ld be ,a4,d4 #be or #bf1 accord+ z ! co-reg5cy began be=e or aft] ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 ,a4,d4 #ab4 ,?is w\ld place ! fir/ ,passov] ( ,jesus' m9i/ry 9 ! spr+ ( #bf or #bg1 9 agreem5t ) ! h9t f\nd 9 ,john4 #ej4 ,if ! public m9i/ry ( ,jesus began ) ! spr+ ( #bf or #bg1 ! close ( ?ree ye>s ( activity w\ld1 come at ! ,passov] ( #bi or #cj4 ,! =m] ( ^! dates agrees ) ! e>ly ,*ri/ian tradition already m5tion$4 ,b be=e accept+ t traditional date ano!r matt] mu/ be consid]$4 ,jesus 0 crucifi$ on ! ,friday at ! op5+ ( ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,:e!r x 0 ! day ( ! sacrifice ( ! ,passov] 7#ad ,nisan7 or ! day foll[+ 7#ae ,nisan71 is n ess5tial = ! pres5t "q4 ,z ! ,jewi% mon? began ) ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! new moon1 x is evid5t t1 9 ! ye> ( ,jesus' dea?1 ! mon? ( ,nisan mu/ h begun on a day t w\ld make ! #ad? or ! #ae? fall on ,friday4 ,n[ x c be %[n t 9 ! ye> #cj ! #ad? ( ,nisan 0 ,?ursday 7,april #f7 or ,friday 7,april #g71 = at be/ only approximate c]ta9ty is atta9able4 ,! tradition :i* assigns ! passion to #bi1 g5]ally names ,m>* #be z ! day ( ! mon?4 ,?is date is impossible1 because x does n co9cide ) ! full moon ( t mon?4 ,! *oice ( ,m>* #be by a late tradition may be expla9$ by ! fact t x 0 commonly reg>d$ z ! date ( ! spr+ equ9ox1 ! turn+ ( ! ye> t[>ds its r5ew+4 ,mr4 ,turn] has %[n 7,hast,b,d4 ,i4 #dae7 t ano!r date f\nd 9 an e>ly docum5t _c be s expla9$4 ,epiphanius 0 famili> ) copies ( ! ,acts ( ,pilate1 :i* gave ,m>* #ah z ! date ( ! crucifixion2 & x is rem>kable t ?is date co9cides ) ! full moon1 & also falls on ,friday4 ,su* a comb9ation gives unusual weight to ! tradition1 p>ticul>ly z !re is no ready way to acc\nt = its rise1 z 9 ! case ( ,m>* #be4 ,f ?is supplem5t>y tradition ! ye> #bi ga9s 9 probability z ! ye> ( ! passion4 ,)\t attempt+ to arrive at a f9al conclusion1--a task :i* mu/ be left = *ronological speciali/s1--x is safe to assume t ,jesus di$ at ! ,passov] ( ,a4,d4 #bi or #cj4 #ea4 ,conclud+ t ,jesus' active m9i/ry fell )9 ! ye>s ,a4,d4 #bf to #cj1 is x possible to det]m9e ! date ( 8 bir?8 ,f\r h9ts are furni%$ by ! gospels3 he 0 born be=e ! dea? ( ,h]od 7,matt4 ii4 #a2 ,luke i4 #e72 he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age at 8 baptism 7,luke iii4 #bc72 he 0 born dur+ a c5sus conduct$ 9 ,judea 9 accordance ) ! decree ( ,augu/us at a "t :5 ,quir9ius 0 9 au?ority 9 ,syria 7,luke ii4 #a1 #b72 aft] 8 bir? wise m5 f ! ,ea/ 7 l$ to visit him by obs]v+ 8 /> 7,matt4 ii4 #a1 #b74 ,f ^! facts x foll[s t ! bir? ( ,jesus _c be plac$ lat] ?an ,b4,c4 #d1 s9ce ,h]od di$ ab\t ! fir/ ( ,april 9 t ye> 7,jos4 ,ant4 xvii4 #f4 #d2 #h4 #a1 #d74 ,! awkw>dness ( hav+ to f9d a date ,be=e ,*ri/ = ! bir? ( ,jesus is due to ! miscalculation ( ! monk1 ,dionysius ! ,little1 :o 9 ! six? c5tury introduc$ our mod]n reckon+ f ! ye> ( our ,"l4 #eb4 ,b is x impossible to det]m9e ! "t ( ,jesus' bir? m exactly8 ,luke 7ii4 #a1 #b7 (f]s :at seems to be m def9ite in=mation1 b 8 ref]5ce to ! decree ( ,augu/us & ! enrolm5t "u ,quir9ius are among ! mo/ s]i\sly *all5g$ /atem5ts 9 ! gospels4 ,x has be5 said 7#a7 t hi/ory kn[s ( no edict ( ,augu/us ord]+ a g5]al enrolm5t ( ! _w2 7#b7 t a ,roman c5sus c\ld n h be5 tak5 9 ,pale/9e be=e ! dea? ( ,h]od2 7#c7 t if su* an enrolm5t _h be5 tak5 x w\ld h be5 unnecess>y = ,joseph & ,m>y to j\rney f ,naz>e? to ,be?lehem2 7#d7 t ! c5sus tak5 :5 ,quir9ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria is def9itely assign$ by ,josephus to ! ye> aft] ! deposition ( ,ar*elaus1 ,a4,d4 #f 7,ant4 xviii4 #a4 #a2 see also ,acts v4 #cg72 7#e7 t if ,luke's ref]5ce to ?is c5sus z ! fir/ be appeal$ to1 x mu/ be repli$ t ,quir9ius 0 n gov]nor ( ,syria at any "t dur+ ! lifetime ( ,h]od4 ,?is array ( difficulties is impressive1 & has p]suad$ _m cons]vative /ud5ts to conc$e t 9 8 ref]5ce to ! c5sus ,luke has fall5 into error4 ,"s rec5t discov]ies 9 ,egypt1 h[ev]1 h furni%$ new in=mation conc]n+ ! imp]ial adm9i/ration ( t prov9ce4 ,inf]r+ t a policy adopt$ 9 ,egypt may h prevail$ also 9 ,syria1 ,pr(essor ,ramsay has rec5tly put =? a /rong argum5t = ,luke's accuracy 9 respect ( ?is c5sus 7,0 ,*ri/ born at ,be?lehem1 #ie-bdh74 ,t argum5t may be cond5s$ z foll[s3 ,we h evid5ce ( a sy/em ( ,roman enrolm5ts 9 ,egypt tak5 e f\rte5 ye>s1 & already trac$ back to ! "t ( ,augu/us1 ! e>lie/ docum5t s f> recov]$ belong+1 app>5tly1 to ! c5sus ( ,a4,d4 #bj4 ,x is at lea/ possible t ?is sy/em ( ,egyptian enrolm5ts may h be5 "p ( an imp]ial policy1 ( :i* all o!r trace is lo/ except+ ! /atem5t ( ,luke4 ,x is significant t ! date ( ! c5sus ref]r$ to by ,josephus 7,a4,d4 #f7 fits exactly ! f\rte5-ye> cycle :i* obta9$ 9 ,egypt4 ,if ! c5sus ( ,a4,d4 #f 0 prec$$ by an e>li] "o its date w\ld be ,b4,c4 #h2 t is1 x w\ld be actually tak5 9 ,b4,c4 #g1 9 ord] to secure ! full acts = ,b4,c4 #h4 #ec4 ,! /atem5t ( ,t]tullian 7,aga9/ ,m>cion1 iv4 #ai7 t a c5sus _h be5 tak5 9 ,judea "u ,augu/us by ,s5tius ,saturn9us1 :o 0 gov]nor ( ,syria ab\t #i to #g ,b4,c41 c]ta9ly comes f "s s\rce indep5d5t ( ! gospels1 & t5ds to confirm ,luke's acc\nt ( a c5sus be=e ! dea? ( ,h]od4 ,t a ,roman c5sus might h be5 tak5 9 ,pale/9e dur+ ,h]od's life is se5 f ! fact t 9 ,a4,d4 #cf ,vitellius1 ! gov]nor ( ,syria1 _h to s5d ,roman =ces into ,cilicia ,tra*a to assi/ ,ar*elaus1 ! k+ ( t c\ntry1 to quell a revolt caus$ by native resi/ance to a c5sus tak5 aft] ! ,roman fa%ion 7,tacitus1 ,ann4 vi4 #da74 ,h]od w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly res5t z a m>k ( subjection ! ord] to enrol 8 p2 & ! fact t he 0 9 disfavor ) ,augu/us dur+ ! gov]nor%ip ( ,saturn9us 7,josephus1 ,ant4 xvi4 #i4 #a-c71 sugge/s to ,pr(essor ,ramsay t he may h s\ght to avoid ob$i5ce to ! imp]ial w 9 ! matt] ( ! c5sus4 ,if aft] "s delay ,h]od 0 =c$ to obey1 ! enrolm5t may h be5 tak5 9 ! ye> #g-f4 ,s9ce x is probable t ! ,romans w\ld all[ ,h]od to give ! c5sus z di/9ctly ,jewi% a "* z possible1 x is easy to cr$it ! ord] t all ,jews %\ld be regi/]$1 s f> z possible1 9 _! ance/ral homes4 ,h5ce ! j\rney ( ,joseph to ,be?lehem2 & if ,m>y wi%$ to h h] *ild also regi/]$ z f ,david's l9e1 h] removal ) ,joseph to ,be?lehem is expla9$4 ,su* a delay 9 ! tak+ ( ! c5sus w\ld h po/pon$ x until aft] ! recall ( ,saturn9us4 ,! /atem5t ( ,t]tullian may !re=e indicate simply t he knew t a c5sus 0 tak5 9 ,syria by ,saturn9us4 #ed4 ,! successor ( ,saturn9us 0 ,v>us1 :o held ! gov]nor%ip until aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od4 ,h[ !n does ,luke ref] to ! enrolm5t z tak5 :5 ,quir9ius 0 9 au?ority8 ,x has = a long "t be5 kn[n t ?is man 0 9 ,syria be=e he 0 !re z legate ( ! emp]or 9 ,a4,d4 #f4 ,!re seems to be evid5ce t ,quir9ius 0 9 ! ,ea/ ab\t ! ye> ,b4,c4 #f1 putt+ d[n a rebellion on ! bord]s ( ,cilicia1 a di/rict jo9$ ) ,syria into "o prov9ce "u ! e>ly empire4 ,v>us 0 at ?is "t gov]nor1 b ,quir9ius might easily h be5 look$ ^u z repres5t+ = ! "t ! p[] ( ! ,roman arms4 ,if ,h]od 0 =c$ to yield to ! imp]ial wi% by ! pres5ce 9 ,syria ( ?is r5[n$ capta91 ! /atem5t ( ,luke is confirm$1 & ! c5sus at :i* ,jesus 0 born 0 tak51 accord+ to a ,jewi% fa%ion1 dur+ ! life ( ,h]od1 b "u compulsion ( ,rome exact$ by ,quir9ius1 :ile he 0 9 comm& ( ! ,roman =ces 9 ! prov9ce ( ,syria-,cilicia4 ,?is gives z a probable date = ! bir? ( ,jesus ,b4,c4 #f1 :i* accords well ) ! h9ts previ\sly consid]$1 inasmu* z x is e>li] ?an ! dea? ( ,h]od1 &1 if born 9 ,b4,c4 #f1 ,jesus w\ld h be5 ?irty-two at 8 baptism 9 ,a4,d4 #bf4 #ee4 ,! acc\nt giv5 9 ,mat!w ( ! /> :i* drew ! wise m5 to ,judea gives no sure help 9 det]m9+ ! date ( ! bir? ( ,jesus1 b x is at lea/ sugge/ive t 9 ! spr+ & autumn ( ,b4,c4 #g !re occurr$ a rem>kable conjunction ( ! planets ,jupit] & ,saturn4 ,?is 0 fir/ notic$ by ,kepl] 9 consequ5ce ( a simil> conjunction obs]v$ by him 9 ,a4,d4 #afjc4 ,m5 mu* influ5c$ by a/rology mu/ h be5 impress$ by su* a cele/ial ph5om5on1 b t x furni%es an explanation ( ! /> ( ! wise m5 is n cle>4 ,if x does1 x confirms ! date o!rwise probable = ! nativity1 t is1 n f> f ,b4,c4 #f4 #ef4 ,c we g fur!r & det]m9e ! "t ( ye> or ! mon? & day ( ! nativity8 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t our ,*ri/mas fe/ival 0 n obs]v$ e>li] ?an ! f\r? c5tury1 & t ! evid5ce is well-nigh conclusive t ,decemb] #be? 0 f9ally select$ = ! ,nativity 9 ord] to hall[ a mu* e>li] & widely spread pagan fe/ival co9cid5t ) ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,if any?+ exi/s to sugge/ ! "t ( ye> x is ,luke's m5tion ( %eph]ds 9 ! field keep+ wat* by night ov] _! flock 7ii4 #h74 ,?is seems to indicate t x mu/ h be5 ! summ] season4 ,9 w9t] ! flocks w\ld be fold$1 n pa/ur$1 by night4 #eg4 ,x !re=e seems probable t ,jesus 0 born 9 ! summ] ( ,b4,c4 #f2 t he 0 baptiz$ 9 ,a4,d4 #bf2 t ! fir/ ,passov] ( 8 m9i/ry 0 9 ! spr+ ( #bf or #bg2 & t he 0 crucifi$ 9 ! spr+ ( #bi or #cj4 ,v ,! ,e>ly ,ye>s ( ,jesus ,matt4 i4 #a to ii4 #bc2 ,luke i4 #e to ii4 #eb2 iii4 #bc-ch #eh4 ,x is surpris+ t )9 a c5tury ( ! life ( ! apo/les1 ,*ri/ian imag9ation c\ld h s completely mi/ak5 ! real greatness ( ,jesus z to let its ?ir/ = wond] fill 8 e>ly ye>s ) sc5es 9 :i* 8 conduct is z unlovely z x is %ock+4 ,t he :o 9 manhood 0 holy1 h>mless1 undefil$1 sep>ate f s9n]s 7,heb4 vii4 #bf71 c\ld 9 y\?1 9 a fit ( ill-temp]1 /rike a companion ) dea? & !n meet remon/rance by curs+ 8 accus]s ) bl9dness 7,gospel ( ,?omas1 #d1 #e72 t he c\ld mock 8 tea*]s & spitefully res5t _! control 7,pseudo-,mat!w1 #cj1 #ca72 t x c\ld be ?\ght wor?y ( him to exhibit 8 sup]iority to common human conditions by c>ry+ wat] 9 8 mantle :5 8 pit*] _h be5 brok5 7same1 #cc71 or by mak+ clay birds 9 play on ! ,sabba? & caus+ !m to fly :5 he 0 rebuk$ = naught9ess 7same1 #bg72--^! & _m l leg5ds exhibit incr$ible bl9dness to ! real glory ( ! ,"l4 ,yet su* ?+s ab\nd 9 ! e>ly attempts ( ! pi\s imag9ation to write ! /ory ( ! y\? ( ,jesus1 & ! acc\nt ( ! nativity & its antec$5ts f>es z ill1 be+ pitifully trivial :]e x is n revolt+4 #ei4 ,h[ completely =eign all ?is is to ! apo/olic ?\ght & feel+ is cle> :5 we notice t except+ ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,mat!w & ,luke ! ,new ,te/am5t tells u no?+ :atev] ( ! ye>s :i* prec$$ ,john ! ,bapti/'s m9i/ry 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! gospels are books ( te/imony to :at m5 _h se5 & he>d 7,john i4 #ad72 & ! epi/les are practical int]pretations ( ! same 9 its be>+ on religi\s life & hope4 ,! apo/les f\nd no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ! div9ity & s9lessness ( _! ,"l )\t inquir+ h[ he came into ! _w or h[ he sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s2 x 0 :at he %[$ himself to be1 n h[ he came to be1 t =m$ _! conception ( him4 ,yet ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,mat!w & ,luke %\ld n be class$ ) ! lat] leg5ds4 ,not)/&+ ! attempts ( ,keim to associate ! n>ratives ( ! infancy 9 ! canonical & apocryphal gospels1 a great gulf sep>ates !m3 on ! "o side !re is a rev]5t & beautiful res]ve1 on ! o!r indelicate1 unlovely1 & trivial audacity4 #fj4 ,! gospel n>ratives h1 h[ev]1 p]plexities ( _! own1 = ! two acc\nts agree only 9 ! ma9 features1--! miracul\s bir? 9 ,be?lehem 9 ! days ( ,h]od1 ,m>y be+ ! "m & ,joseph ! fo/]-fa!r1 & ,naz>e? ! subsequ5t resid5ce4 ,9 fur!r details !y are q diff]5t1 & at fir/ sight seem contradictory4 ,moreov]1 :ile ,mat!w %$s a halo ( glory ov] ! bir? ( ,jesus1 ,luke draws a picture ( humble circum/ances & obscurity4 ,^! diff]5ces1 tak5 ) ! sil5ce ( ! re/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t conc]n+ a miracul\s bir?1 con/itute a real difficulty4 ,to _m x seems /range t ! disciples & ! bre?r5 ( ,jesus did n ref] to ^! ?+s if !y knew !m to be true4 ,b x mu/ n be ov]look$ t any famili> ref]5ce to ! circum/ances ( ! bir? ( ,jesus :i* are n>rat$ 9 ! gospels w\ld h invit$ f ! ,jews simply a *all5ge ( ! honor ( 8 home4 ,moreov]1 z ! k ( ^! wond]s did n keep ,m>y f misund]/&+ h] son 7,luke ii4 #ai1 #ea2 comp>e ,m>k 94 #ba1 #ca-ce71 ! publication ( !m c\ld h>dly h help$ greatly ! belief ( o!rs4 ,! fact t ,m>y 0 s p]plex$ by ! c\rse ( ,jesus 9 8 m9i/ry makes x probable t ev5 until q late 9 h] life %e kept ^! ?+s & pond]$ !m 9 h] he>t4 #fa4 ,no p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are *all5g$ s widely & s confid5tly z ^! n>ratives ( ! infancy4 ,b if !y are n to be cr$it$ ) ess5tial tru? x is necess>y to %[ :at ideas *]i%$ 9 ! apo/olic *ur* c\ld h l$ to _! inv5tion4 ,t ,john & ,paul ma9ta9 ! div9ity ( _! ,"l1 yet give no h9t t ?is involv$ a miracul\s bir?1 %[s t ^! /ories are no necess>y outgr[? ( t doctr9e4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians :e!r ,jewi% or ,g5tile w\ld n naturally *oose to give pictorial =m to _! belief 9 _! ,"l's div9ity by ! /ory ( an inc>nation4 ,! hea!n my?s conc]n+ sons ( ! gods 7 9 all _! associations revolt+ to ,*ri/ian feel+1 &1 :ile ! ,jewi% m9d 0 ready to see div9e influ5ce at "w 9 ! bir? ( great m5 9 ,israel 7z ,isaac1 & ,samson1 & ,samuel71 ! :ole t5d5cy ( lat] ,judaism 0 ho/ile to any su* idea z actual inc>nation4 ,"s w\ld expla9 ! /ory ( ! miracul\s bir? z a conclusion drawn by ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness f ! doctr9e ( ! s9lessness ( ,jesus4 ,yet nei!r ,paul nor ,john1 :o are bo? cle> conc]n+ ! doctr9e1 give any idea t a miracul\s bir? 0 ess5tial = a s9less be+4 ,"s appeal to ! eag]ness ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians to exalt ! virg9ity ( ,m>y1 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! animus ( _m apocryphal leg5ds4 ,b ! feel+ is z =eign to ,jewi% s5tim5t & ,new ,te/am5t tea*+ z x is contradictory to ! evid5ce 9 ! gospels t ,m>y _h o!r *ildr5 born aft] ,jesus4 #fb4 ,moreov]1 ! songs ( ,m>y 7,luke i4 #df-ee7 & ,za*>iah 7,luke i4 #fh--gi7 be> 9 !mselves ! evid5ce ( orig9 be=e ! doctr9e ( ! cross _h trans=m$ ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ! ,messiah4 ,t trans=m$ idea ab\nds 9 ! ,epi/les & ! ,acts1 & x is difficult to conceive h[ ^! songs 7if !y 7 lat] inv5tions7 c\ld h be5 left free ( any trace ( specifically ,*ri/ian ideas4 ,a ,jewi% ,*ri/ian w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h made !m m ,*ri/ian ?an !y are2 a ,g5tile ,*ri/ian c\ld n h made !m s /rongly & naturally ,jewi% z !y are2 :ile a non-,*ri/ian ,jew w\ld nev] h inv5t$ !m4 ,tak5 ) ! evid5ce 9 ,ignatius 7,ad ,eph4 xviii41 xix47 ( ! v e>ly curr5cy ( ! belief 9 a miracul\s bir?1 !y confirm ! impression t x is easi] to accept ! evid5ce (f]$ = ! miracle ?an to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! /ories z leg5ds4 ,! idea ( a miracul\s bir? is v =eign to mod]n ?\ght2 x becomes cr$ible only z ! transc5d5t nature ( ,jesus is recogniz$ on o!r gr\nds4 ,x may n be said t ! inc>nation requir$ a miracul\s conception1 yet x may be ackn[l$g$ t a miracul\s conception is a mo/ suitable me?od = a div9e inc>nation4 #fc4 ,^! gospel /ories are *iefly significant = u 9 t !y %[ t he 9 :om 8 disciples came to recognize a div9e nature began 8 e>?ly life 9 ! utt] helplessness & dep5d5ce ( infancy1 & grew ?r\gh boyhood & y\? to manhood ) su* naturalness t 8 neighbors1 dull conc]n+ ! ?+s ( ! _s1 c\ld n cr$it 8 exalt$ claims4 ,he is %[n z "o 9 all po9ts l unto 8 bre?r5 7,heb4 ii4 #ag74 ,two /atem5ts 9 ,luke 7ii4 #dj1 #eb7 describe ! gr[? ( ! div9e *ild z simply z t ( 8 =]unn] 7,luke i4 #hj71 or t ( ! prophet ( old 7,i4 ,sam4 ii4 #bf74 ,! cle> impression ( ^! /atem5ts is t ,jesus _h a normal gr[? f infancy to manhood1 :ile ! :ole c\rse ( ! lat] life z set be=e u 9 ! gospels confirms ! scripture doctr9e t 8 normal gr[? 0 free f s9 7,heb4 iv4 #ae74 #fd4 ,! k ( ! probable conditions ( 8 *ildhood is z satisfy+ z ! apocryphal /ories are revolt+4 ,! l(ty ,jewi% conception ( home & its relations is wor?y ( ,jesus4 ,! circum/ances ( ! home 9 ,naz>e? 7 humble 7,matt4 xiii4 #ee2 ,luke ii4 #bd2 comp>e ,lev4 xii4 #h74 ,probably ! h\se 0 n unlike ^? se5 to-day1 ( b "o room1 or at mo/ two or ?ree1--! tools ( trade m+l+ ) ! meagre furni%+s = home-life4 ,we %\ld n ?9k x a home ( p5ury2 d\btless ! circum/ances ( ,joseph 7 l ^? ( 8 neighbors4 ,9 "o respect ?is home 0 ri*4 ,! wife & "m _h an exalt$ place 9 ! ,jewi% life1 not)/&+ ! trivial op9ions ( "s sup]cili\s rabbis2 & :at ! gospel tells ( ! *ivalry ( ,joseph r5d]s x c]ta9 t love reign$ 9 8 home1 mak+ x fit = ! gr[? ( ! holy *ild4 #fe4 ,religion held sway 9 all ! phases ( ,jewi% life4 ,) "s x 0 a religion ( c]emony1--( pray]s & fa/+s1 ti!s & boa/ful alms1 fr+es & phylact]ies4 ,b ,joseph & ,m>y belong$ to ! simpl] folk1 :o1 :ile !y rev]5c$ ! scribes z tea*]s1 knew n en\gh ( _! subtlety to h sub/itut$ b>r5 rites = s9c]e love = ! ,god ( _! fa!rs & *ildlike tru/ 9 8 m]cy4 ,jesus knew n only home life at its faire/1 b religion at its be/4 ,a fa!r's mo/ sacr$ duty 0 ! tea*+ ( 8 *ild 9 ! religion ( 8 p 7,deut4 vi4 #d-i71 & !n1 z ev] s9ce1 ! son le>n$ at 8 "m's side to "k & love h] ,god1 to pray to him1 & to "k ! scriptures4 ,no /ory m ?rill+ & full ( int]e/1 no prospect m ri* & full ( gl[+ hope1 c\ld be f\nd to satisfy ! *ild's _s ( wond] ?an ! /ory ( ,israel's pa/ & ,god's promises = ! future4 ,religi\s culture 0 n conf9$ to ! home1 h[ev]4 ,! temple at ,j]usalem 0 ! ideal c5tre ( religi\s life = ?is ,naz>e? h\sehold 7,luke ii4 #da7 z = all ! p1 yet practically wor%ip & in/ruction 7 cultivat$ *iefly by ! synagogue 7,luke iv4 #af72 !re ,god 0 pres5t 9 8 ,holy ,^w4 ,week aft] week ! boy ,jesus he>d ! scripture 9 its orig9al ,hebrew =m1 foll[$ by translation into ,aramaic1 & receiv$ in/ruction f x = daily conduct4 ,! synagogue probably influ5c$ ! boy's intellectual life ev5 m directly4 ,9 ! "t ( ,jesus s*ools _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 all ! important t[ns1 & 7 app>5tly "u ! control ( ! synagogue4 ,to su* a s*ool he may h be5 s5t f ab\t six ye>s ( age to be taught ! scriptures 7comp>e ,,ii4 ,tim4 iii4 #ae71 toge!r ) ! read+ 7,luke iv4 #af-ai71 & p]haps ! writ+1 ( ! ,hebrew language4 ,( 8 s*ool exp]i5ce we "k no?+ beyond ! fact t he grew 9 wisdom & 9 /ature & 9 favor ) ,god & man 7,luke ii4 #eb71--;a suffici5t contradiction ( ! repulsive leg5ds ( ! apocryphal gospels4 #ff4 ,! physical gr[? incid5t to ,jesus' developm5t f boyhood to manhood is a famili> ?\ght4 ,! intellectual unfold+ :i* belongs to ?is developm5t is readily recogniz$4 ,n s commonly ackn[l$g$1 b none ! less cle>ly ess5tial to ! gospel picture1 is ! gradual unfold+ ( ! *ild's moral life "u circum/ances & /imulus simil> to ^? ) :i* o!r *ildr5 meet 7,heb4 iv4 #ae74 ,! man ,jesus 0 kn[n z ! c>p5t] 7,matt4 xiii4 #ee74 ,! le>n+ ( su* a trade w\ld contribute mu* to ! boy's ma/]y ( 8 own p[]s4 ,f> m discipl9e w\ld come f 8 fell[%ip ) bro!rs & si/]s :o did n und]/& 8 ways nor appreciate ! deepe/ realities ( 8 life4 ,)\t robb+ boyhood days ( _! naturalness & reality1 we may be sure t long be=e ,jesus knew h[ & :y he diff]$ f 8 fell[s he felt m or less cle>ly t !y 7 n l him4 ,! result+ s5se ( isolation 0 a s*ool = self-ma/]y1 le/ isolation fo/] any su* pride or unlovel9ess z t ) :i* lat] leg5d d>$ to /a9 ! picture ( ! ,"l's y\?4 ,f\r bro!rs ( ,jesus are nam$ by ,m>k 7vi4 #c71--;,james1 & ,joses1 & ,judas1 & ,simon1--! gospel adds also t he _h si/]s liv+ at a lat] "t 9 ,naz>e?4 ,!y 7 all subject ) him to ! same home influ5ces1 & app>5tly 7 n unresponsive to !m4 ,! simil>ity ( ?\ght & feel+ betwe5 ! s]mon on ! m\nt & ! ,epi/le ( ,james is n readily expla9$ by ! influ5ce ( ma/] ov] disciple1 s9ce ! days ( ,james's disciple%ip began aft] ! resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,9 any case !re is no reason to ?9k t ! companions ( ,jesus' home 7 uncommonly irritat+ or 9 any way irreligi\s1 only ,jesus 0 n altoge!r l !m 7,john vii4 #e71 & ! fact ( diff]5ce 0 a moral discipl9e1 :i* among o!r ?+s l$ to t moral gr[? by :i* innoc5ce pass$ into positive goodness4 ,if ! home 0 su* a s*ool ( discipl9e1 its neighbors1 less e>ne/ & less favor$ ) spiritual tra9+1 furni%$ m abundant occasion = self-ma/]y & gr[?4 ,! v fact t 9 8 lat] ye>s ,jesus 0 no des]t prea*]1 l ,john1 b social1 & socially s\ght =1 indicates t he did n w9 8 manhood's p]fection 9 solitude1 b 9 fell[%ip ) common life & 9 victory ov] ! trials & temptations incid5t to x 7,heb4 ii4 #ag1 #ah74 #fg4 ,yet he mu/ h be5 famili> ) ! life :i* is 9 secret 7,matt4 vi4 #a-ah74 ,he :o 9 8 lat] ye>s 0 a man ( mu* pray]1 :o began 7,luke iii4 #ba7 & clos$ 7,luke xxiii4 #df7 8 public life ) pray]1 z a boy 0 c]ta9ly famili> n only ) ! pray]s ( home & synagogue1 b also ) quiet1 p]sonal resort to ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,x w\ld be unju/ to ?9k ( any abnormal religi\s precocity4 ,jesus 0 ! be/ example ! _w has se5 ( p]fect spiritual heal?1 b we mu/ believe t he came e>ly to "k ,god & to live mu* ) him4 #fh4 ,x is in/ructive 9 connection ) ?is inw>dness ( ,jesus' life to recall ! ri* famili>ity ) ! :ole _w ( nature :i* appe>s 9 8 p>ables & o!r tea*+s4 ,! prospect :i* met 8 eye if he s\ght escape f ! di/ractions ( home & village life1 has be5 describ$ by ,r5an3 ,! view f ! t[n is limit$2 b if we asc5d a little to ! plateau swept by a p]petual breeze1 :i* /&s above ! highe/ h\ses1 ! l&scape is magnific5t4 ,on ! we/ /ret* ! f9e outl9es ( ,c>mel1 t]m9at+ 9 an abrupt spur :i* seems to run d[n %e] to ! sea4 ,next1 "o sees ! d\ble summit :i* t[]s above ,megiddo2 ! m\nta9s ( ! c\ntry ( ,%e*em1 ) _! holy places ( ! patri>*al p]iod2 ! hills ( ,gilboa1 ! small picturesque gr\p to :i* is atta*$ ! graceful or t]rible recollections ( ,%unem & ( ,endor2 & ,tabor1 ) its beautiful r\nd$ =m1 :i* antiquity comp>$ to a bosom4 ,?r\gh a gap betwe5 ! m\nta9s ( ,%unem & ,tabor are visible ! valley ( ! ,jordan & ! high pla9s ( ,p]ea1 :i* =m a cont9u\s l9e f ! ea/]n side4 ,on ! nor?1 ! m\nta9s ( ,saf$1 /ret*+ t[>ds ! sea1 conceal ,/4 ,jean d',acre1 b leave ! ,gulf ( ,khaifa 9 sight4 ,su* 0 ! horizon1 ( ,jesus4 ,?is en*ant$ circle1 cradle ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 0 = ye>s 8 _w4 ,inde$1 dur+ 8 :ole life he w5t b little beyond ! famili> b\nds ( 8 *ildhood4 ,= yond]1 nor?w>ds1 "o c almo/ see1 on ! flank ( ,h]mon1 ,cs>ea-,philippi1 8 f>!/ po9t ( advance into ! ,g5tile _w2 & to ! s\? ! less smil+ aspect ( ^! ,sam>itan hills =e%ad[s ! dre>9ess ( ,judea beyond1 p>*$ z by a burn+ w9d ( desolation & dea?4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* sc5es we are to und]/& t1 ) ! physical gr[?1 & op5+ ( m9d1 & moral discipl9e :i* fill$ ! e>ly ye>s ( ,jesus1 !re came also ! gradual spiritual unfold+ 9 :i* ! boy rose /ep by /ep to ! full] k ( ,god & himself4 #fi4 ,t unfold+ is pictur$ 9 an e>ly /age 9 ! /ory giv5 u f ! y\? ( ,jesus4 ,x 0 cu/om>y = a ,jewi% boy n long aft] pass+ 8 twelf? ye> to come "u full adult obligation to ! law4 ,! visit to ,j]usalem 0 probably 9 prep>ation = su* assumption ( obligation by ,jesus4 ,all 8 e>li] tra9+ _h fill$ 8 m9d ) ! sacr$ness ( ! ,holy ,city & ! glory ( ! temple4 ,x is easy to feel ) :at joy he w\ld fir/ look ^u ,zion f ! %\ld] ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 z he came ov] x on 8 j\rney f ,galilee2 to conceive h[ ! temple & ! ritual w\ld fill him ) awe 9 8 read9ess n to criticise1 b to idealize ev]y?+ he saw1 & to ?9k only ( ! significance giv5 by x all to ! scripture2 to imag9e h[ eag]ly he w\ld talk 9 ! temple c\rt ) ! le>n$ m5 ( 8 p ab\t ! law & ! promises ) :i* 9 home & s*ool 8 y\? _h be5 made famili>4 ,nor is x difficult to appreciate 8 surprise1 :5 ,joseph & ,m>y1 only aft] long se>*+ = him1 at la/ f\nd him 9 ! temple1 = he felt t x 0 ! mo/ natural place 9 :i* he c\ld be f\nd4 ,9 8 wond]+ "q to ,m>y1 ,did n y "k t ,i mu/ be 9 my ,fa!r's h\se8 7,luke ii4 #di71 !re is a premonition ( 8 lat] consci\sness ( peculi>ly intimate relation to ,god4 ,! "q 01 h[ev]1 a s9c]e inquiry4 ,x 0 no precoci\s rebuke ( ,m>y's anxiety4 ,! k ( himself z ,son ( ,god 0 only dawn+ )9 him1 & 0 n yet full & cle>4 ,?is is %[n by 8 imm$iate ob$i5ce & 8 subjection to 8 p>5ts 9 ,naz>e? ?r\gh _m ye>s4 ,x is safe1 9 ! int]pretation ( ! acts & words ( ,jesus1 to bani% utt]ly z inconceivable any?+ t savors ( ! !atrical4 ,we mu/ believe t he 0 always true to himself1 & t ! subjection :i* he r5d]$ to ,joseph & ,m>y sprang f a real s5se ( *ildhood's dep5d5ce1 & 0 n a %[ ( ob$i5ce = any edify+ end h[ev] high4 #gj4 ,t "q ,did n y "k8 is ! only h9t we possess ( ,jesus' inn] life be=e ,john's call to rep5tance rang ?r\gh ! l&4 ,mean:ile ! c>p5t]'s son became himself ! c>p5t]4 ,joseph seems to h di$ be=e ! op5+ ( ,jesus' m9i/ry4 ,= ,jesus z ! elde/ son1 ?is dea? made ^? ye>s f> o!r ?an a "t ( spiritual retreat2 responsibility = ! home & ! press+ duties ( trade mu/ h fill$ mo/ ( ! h\rs ( 8 days4 ,?is is a welcome ?\ght to our heal?ie/ s5tim5t1 & true also to ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian feel+ 7,heb4 iv4 #ae74 ,john ! ,bapti/ _h 8 tra9+ 9 ! wild]ness1 b ,jesus came f famili> int]c\rse ) m51 0 welcom$ 9 _! homes 7,john ii4 #b71 knew _! life 9 its homely ongo+1 & 0 ! fri5d ( all sorts & conditions ( m54 ,aft] t visit to ,j]usalem1 a few m ye>s may h be5 sp5t 9 s*ool1 =1 :e!r f s*ool in/ruction1 or synagogue prea*+1 or simple daily exp]i5ce1 ! "y man came to "k ! traditions ( ! eld]s & also to "k t obs]vance ( !m is a mock]y ( ! righte\sness :i* ,god requires4 ,yet he seems to h felt s fully 9 h>mony ) ,god z to be consci\s ( no?+ new 9 ! fre% & vital conceptions ( righte\sness :i* he f\nd 9 ! law & prophets4 ,we may be c]ta9 t mu* ( 8 ?\ght 0 giv5 to ,israel's hope ( r$emption1 & t ) ! prophets ( old & ! s+] mu* ne>] 8 own day 7,ps4 ( ,sol4 xvii4 #bc71 he long$ t ,god1 accord+ to 8 promise1 w\ld raise up unto 8 p1 _! ,k+1 ! ,son ( ,david4 #ga4 ,he mu/ also h read (t5 f t o!r book op5 be=e him z he walk$ ^u ! hills ( ,naz>e?4 ,! beauty ( ! grass & ( ! lilies 0 surely n a new discov]y to him aft] he began to prea* ! com+ k+dom1 nor is x likely t he wait$ until aft] 8 baptism to =m 8 habit ( sp5d+ ! night 9 pray] ^u ! m\nta94 ,we may be equally sure t he did n fir/ le>n to love m5 & wom5 & long = _! good aft] he receiv$ ! call1 ,?\ art my belov$ son 7,m>k i4 #aa74 ,he :o 9 lat] life read he>ts cle>ly 7,john ii4 #be7 d\btless ga9$ t skill1 z well z ! k ( human s9 & ne$1 e>ly 9 8 int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds & neighbors 9 ,naz>e?2 :ile a cle> conviction t ,god's k+dom consi/s 9 8 sov]eignty ov] loyal he>ts mu/ h fill$ mu* ( 8 ?\ght ab\t ! promis$ good :i* ,god w\ld br+ to ,israel 9 due "t4 ,?us we may ?9k t 9 quietness & homely indu/ry1 9 secret life ) ,god & op5 love = m51 9 /udy ( hi/ory & prophecy1 9 long+ = ! actual sway ( ,god 9 human life1 ,jesus liv$ 8 life1 did 8 "w1 & grew 9 wisdom & 9 /ature & 9 favor ) ,god & man 7,luke ii4 #eb74 ,,vi ,john ,! ,bapti/ ,matt4 iii4 #a-ag2 iv4 #ab2 xiv4 #a-ab2 ,m>k i4 #a-ad2 vi4 #ad-bi2 ,luke i4 #e-be1 #eg-hj2 iii4 #a-bb2 ix4 #g-i2 ,john i4 #ai-cg2 iii4 #bb-cj4 #gb4 ,! fir/ reappe>ance ( ,jesus 9 ! gospel /ory1 aft] ! temple sc5e 9 8 twelf? ye>1 is on ! banks ( ! ,jordan seek+ baptism f ! new prophet4 ,"o ( ! sil5t evid5ces ( ! greatness ( ,jesus is ! fact t s great a "* z ,john ! ,bapti/ /&s 9 our ?\ght simply z accessory to 8 life4 ,= t ! prophet ( ! wild]ness 0 great has be5 ! op9ion ( all :o h be5 will+ to seek him 9 8 retirem5t4 ,"o reason = ! common neglect ( ,john is d\btless ! meagr5ess ( in=mation ab\t him4 ,b ?\gh details are few1 ! picture ( him is drawn 9 cle>e/ l9es3 a rugg$ son ( ! wild]ness scorn+ ! g5tl] ?+s ( life1 ?reat5+ 8 p ) com+ wra? & call+ to rep5tance :ile yet !re 0 "t2 a prea*] ( practical righte\sness he$$ by publicans & h>lots b scorn$ by ! eld]s ( 8 p2 a bold & fe>less _s1 yet subdu$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ano!r :o did n /rive1 nor cry1 nor cause 8 voice to be he>d 9 ! /reets4 ,:5 ! p ?\ght to f9d 9 ,john ! promis$ ,messiah1 ) unp>allel$ self-effacem5t he po9t$ !m to 8 rival & rejoic$ 9 t rival's gr[+ success4 ,side by side !y work$ = a "t2 !n ! picture fails1 b = a h9t ( a royal audi5ce1 ) a fe>less rebuke ( royal disgrace & s92 a prison life1 ) its pa!tic %ak+ ( confid5ce 9 ! e>ly c]ta9ties2 a long & =c$ inaction1 & ! "q put by a wav]+ fai?1 ) its pati5t & affectionate reply2 !n a lewd orgy1 a k+'s oa?1 a girl's dem&s1 a m>tyr's release1 ! disciples' lam5tation & _! report to t o!r :o1 ?\gh seem+ a rival1 0 kn[n to appreciate be/ ! greatness ( ?is prophet4 ,su* is ! picture 9 ! gospels4 #gc4 ,john1 unlike 8 great] successor1 has a highly appreciative notice f ,josephus3 ,n[ "s ( ! ,jews ?\ght t ! de/ruction ( ,h]od's army came f ,god1 & t v ju/ly1 z a puni%m5t = :at he did aga9/ ,john1 :o 0 call$ ! ,bapti/4 ,= ,h]od _h _h him put to dea? ?\gh he 0 a good man1 & comm&$ ! ,jews to ex]cise virtue1 bo? z to ju/ice t[>ds "o ano!r1 & piety t[>ds ,god1 & s to come to baptism2 = baptism w\ld be acceptable to ,god1 if !y made use ( x n 9 ord] to expiate "s s91 b = ! purification ( ! body1 provid$ t ! s\l 0 ?or\ghly purifi$ be=eh& by righte\sness4 ,n[1 z _m flock$ to him1 = !y 7 greatly mov$ by he>+ 8 words1 ,h]od1 fe>+ t ! great influ5ce1 ,john _h ov] ! p might lead to "s rebellion 7= ! p seem$ likely to d any?+ he %\ld advise71 ?\ght x f> be/1 by putt+ him to dea?1 to prev5t any mis*ief he might cause1 & n br+ himself into difficulties by sp>+ a man :o might make him rep5t ( 8 l5i5cy :5 x %\ld be too late4 ,accord+ly he 0 s5t a prison]1 9 consequ5ce ( ,h]od's suspici\s temp]1 to ,ma*a]us1 ! =tress be=e m5tion$1 & 0 !re put to dea?4 ,s ! ,jews _h ! op9ion t ! de/ruction ( ?is army by ,aretas 0 s5t z a puni%m5t ^u ,h]od & 0 ! m>k ( ,god's displeasure at him 7,ant4 xviii4 #e4 #b74 ,?is section is commonly accept$ z tru/wor?y4 ,sup]ficially diff]5t f ! gospel record & assign+ q ano!r cause = ,john's imprisonm5t & dea?1 x correctly describes 8 "* & 8 influ5ce ) ! p1 & leaves abundant room = a m intimately p]sonal motive on ! "p ( ,antipas = ! imprisonm5t ( ,john4 ,if ! jeal\sy ( ,h]odias 0 ! actual reason = ,john's arre/1 x is highly probable t ano!r cause w\ld be nam$ to ! _w1 & a likeli] "o ?an t giv5 by ,josephus c\ld n be f\nd4 #gd4 ,! fir/ problem t (f]s itself 9 ! /udy ( ?is man is ! man himself4 ,:5ce did he come8 ,ev]y?+ ab\t him is surpris+4 ,he appe>s z a dwell] 9 ! des]t1 an ascetic1 hold+ alo( f common life & cont5t ) ! scanty f>e ! wild]ness c\ld (f]2 yet he 0 ke5ly appreciative ( 8 p's ne$s1 & he knew _! s9s1--! p>ticul> ones t beset ,ph>isees1 publicans1 soldi]s4 ,if a recluse 9 habit1 he 0 f> f su* 9 ?\ght2 he 0 !re=e no seek] = 8 own s\l's peace 9 8 des]t life4 ,8 dress 0 /rik+ly sugge/ive ( ! old prophet ( judgm5t on national infidelity 7,i4 ,k+s xvii4 #a2 ,,ii4 ,k+s i1 #h71 ! ,elijah :om ,john w\ld n claim to be4 ,8 message 0 comm&+1 ) its d\ble ^w ,rep5t & ,! k+dom is ne>4 ,8 idea ( ! k+dom 0 def9ite1 ?\gh n at all develop$2 x signifi$ to him ,god's dom9ion1 inaugurat$ by a div9e judgm5t :i* %\ld mean good = ! p5it5t & utt] de/ruction = ! ungodly2 h5ce ! prophet's call to rep5tance4 ,8 m9i/ry 0 "o ( grace1 b ! "t 0 draw+ ne> :5 ! ,great] ,"o w\ld appe> to complete by a swift judgm5t ! "w :i* 8 =]unn] 0 beg9n+4 ,t ,great] ,"o w\ld hew d[n ! fruitless tree1 w9n[ ! :eat f ! *aff on ! ?re%+ floor1 baptize ! p5it5t ) div9e p[]1 & ! wick$ ) ! fire ( judgm5t1 s9ce 8 0 to be a m9i/ry ( judgm5t1 n ( grace4 #ge4 ,:5ce1 !n1 came ?is /range prophet8 ,ne> ! des]t region :]e he sp5t 8 y\? & :]e he fir/ proclaim$ 8 message ( rep5tance & judgm5t 0 ! *ief settlem5t ( t /range company ( ,jews kn[n z ,ess5es4 ,x has long be5 cu/om>y to ?9k t dur+ 8 e>ly ye>s ,john 0 associat$ ) ^! fell[-dwell]s 9 ! des]t1 if he did n actually jo9 ! ord]4 ,he c]ta9ly may h le>n$ f !m _m ?+s4 ,_! sympa?y ) 8 ascetic life & ) 8 ?or\gh moral e>ne/ness w\ld make !m attractive to him1 b he 0 f> too orig9al a man to get f !m m ?an "s sugge/ions to be work$ out 9 8 own fa%ion4 ,! simplicity ( 8 tea*+ ( rep5tance & ! disreg>d ( c]emonial 9 8 prea*+ sep>ate him f ^! monks4 ,john may h kn[n 8 des]t companions1 may h appreciat$ "s ?+s 9 _! discipl9e1 b he rema9$ indep5d5t ( _! guidance4 #gf4 ,! lead]s ( religi\s life & ?\ght 9 8 day 7 unque/ionably ! ,ph>isees4 ,! controll+ idea ) !m1 & consequ5tly ) ! p1 0 ! sanctity ( ,god's law4 ,!y 7 consci\s ( ! s9fulness ( ! p1 & _! dem& = rep5tance 0 con/ant4 ,x is a rabb9ic commonplace t ! delay ( ! ,messiah's com+ is due to lack ( rep5tance 9 ,israel4 ,b ne> z ?is conception is to ,john's1 we ne$ b to recall 8 words to ! ,ph>isees 7,matt4 iii4 #g7 to realize h[ cle>ly he saw ?r\gh ! holl[ness ( _! religi\s pret5ce4 ,) ! quibbles ( ! scribes conc]n+ small & great comm&m5ts1 ,sabba?s & h&-wa%+s1 ,john %[s no aff9ity4 ,he may h le>n$ "s ?+s f ^! sitt]s 9 ,moses' seat1 b he 0 n ( !m4 #gg4 ,john's message ann\nc$ ! ne> approa* ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is probable t _m ( ^? :o s\ght 8 baptism 7 ard5t nationali/s1--eag] to take a h& 9 realiz+ t consummation4 ,josephus indicates t x 0 ,h]od's fe> le/ ,john %\ld lead ^! ,zealots to revolt t furni%$ ! o/5sible cause ( 8 dea?4 ,b simil> z 7 ! int]e/s ( ,john & ^! nationali/s1 ! di/ance betwe5 !m 0 great4 ,! prophet's replies to ! publicans & to ! soldi]s1 :i* conta9 n a ^w ( rebuke = ! hat$ call+s 7,luke iii4 #ac1 #ad71 %[ h[ fundam5tally he diff]$ f ! ,zealots4 #gh4 ,b !re 0 ano!r bran* ( ! ,ph>isees ?an t :i* quibbl$ ov] ,sabba? laws1 traditions1 & ti!s1 or t :i* it*$ to grasp ! sword2 !y 7 m5 :o saw visions & dream$ dreams l ^? ( ,daniel & ! ,revelation1 & 9 _! visions saw ,god br++ deliv]ance to 8 p by swift & sudd5 judgm5t4 ,!re are "s m>k$ lik5esses betwe5 ?is type ( ?\ght & t ( ,john1--! imp5d+ judgm5t1 ! ^w ( w>n+1 ! com+ bless+1 7 all 9 ,john2 b "o ne$ only comp>e ,john's words ) su* an apocalypse z ! ,assumption ( ,moses1 probably writt5 9 ,pale/9e dur+ ,john's life 9 ! des]t1 to discov] t ! two messages d n move 9 ! same circle ( ?\ght at all2 !re is some?+ practical1 some?+ sev]ely he>t-se>*+1 some?+ at home 9 e-day life1 ab\t ,john's ann\ncem5t ( ! com+ k+dom t is q abs5t f ! visions ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,john _h n1 l "s ( ^! se]s1 a coddl+ sympa?y = p /eep$ 9 s94 ,he trac$ _! tr\bles to _! own doors1 & w\ld n let c]emonies pass 9 place ( fruits meet = rep5tance4 ,he came f ! des]t ) rebuke & w>n+ on 8 lips2 ) no ^w aga9/ ! hat$ ,romans1 b _m aga9/ hypocritical claimants to ! privileges ( ,abraham2 no apology = 8 message nor artificial device ( dream or anci5t "n to secure a he>+1 b ! old-fa%ion$ prophetic me?od ( decl>ation ( tru? :e!r m5 w he> or :e!r !y w =be>4 ,all 0 %>p & cutt+1 imp]i\s e>ne/ness ab\t f9al que/ions1 unsp>+ ov]?r[ ( all fictiti\s %ams 9 individual z 9 national life4 ,!re are no !ories ( ! law1 no new good works1 no belief 9 ! old1 b simply & solely a prophetic clut* at m5's consci5ces1 a mighty accusation1 a cru%+ summons to contrite rep5tance & spe$y sanctification 7,keim,j,n4 ,,ii4 #bbh74 ,we look 9 va9 = a p>allel 9 any ( ,john's contempor>ies1 except 9 t "o be=e :om he b[$1 say+1 ,i h ne$ to be baptiz$ ( !e4 #gi4 ,john _h1 h[ev]1 pr$ecessors ^: "w he reviv$4 ,9 ,isaiah's words1 ,wa% y1 make y clean 7,isa4 i #af71 "o recognizes ! type :i* reappe>$ 9 ,john4 ,! great prophetic conception ( ! ,day ( ! ,"l--! day ( wra? & salvation 7,joel ii4 #a-ad7--;is reviv$ 9 ,john1 free f all ! fanta/ic accompanim5ts :i* 8 contempor>ies lov$4 ,! invitations to rep5tance & new fidelity :i* ab\nd 9 ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,hosea1 & ,joel2 ! summons to simple righte\sness1 :i* rang f ! lips ( ,micah 7vi4 #h71 & ( ! great prophet ( ! exile 7,isa4 lviii471 ^! tell u :]e ,john w5t to s*ool & h[ well he le>n$ 8 lesson4 ,x is h>d = u to realize h[ great a novelty su* simplicity 0 9 ,john's day1 or h[ mu* orig9ality x requir$ to atta9 to ?is disciple%ip ( ! prophets4 ,f ! "t :5 ! curta9 rises on ! lat] hi/ory ( ,israel 9 ! days ( ! ,maccabean /ruggle to ! com+ ( t voice cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 ,israel _h li/5$ 9 va9 = a prophet :o c\ld speak ,god's w ) au?ority4 ,! la/ ?+ t p expect$ :5 ,john came 0 su* a simple message4 ,he 0 n ! creature ( 8 "t1 b a revival ( ! old] type2 yet1 z 9 ! days ( ,elijah ,god _h kept him sev5 ?\s& 9 ,israel t _h n b[$ ! knee to ,baal1 s1 9 ! lat] "t1 n all 7 b]eft ( liv+ fai?4 ,^! dev\t s\ls furni%$ ! soil :i* c\ld produce a life l ,john's1 gift$ & *os5 by ,god to re/ore & advance ! old] & m g5u9e religion4 #hj4 ,if ,john 0 ?us a revival ( ! old] prophetic ord]1 a second "q arises3 ,:5ce came 8 baptism1 & :at did x signify8 ,! gospels describe x z a baptism ( rep5tance = ! remission ( s9s 7,m>k i4 #d74 ,john's decl>ation t 8 great] successor %\ld baptize ) ! ,holy ,_s & fire 7,matt4 iii4 #aa7 %[s t he view$ 8 baptism z a symbol1 r ?an z a means1 ( remission ( s94 ,b x 0 m ?an a sign ( rep5tance1 x 0 a confession ( loyalty to ! k+dom :i* ,john's successor 0 to e/abli%4 ,x _h ?us a tw(old significance3 7a7 confession ( & turn+ f ! old life ( s91 & 7b7 consecration to ! com+ k+dom4 ,:5ce1 !n1 came ?is ord9ance8 ,n f ! ,ess5es1 =1 unlike ,john's baptism1 ! ba? requir$ by ^! ,jewi% ascetics 0 an (t-repeat$ act4 ,fur!r1 ,john's rite _h a f> deep] religi\s significance ?an ! ,ess5e wa%+s4 ,^! p]=m$ _! ablutions to secure ritual cleanness z exempl>y disciples ( ! ,mosaic ideal4 ,! se>*+ ( he>t :i* prec$$ ,john's baptism1 & ! radical *ange ( life x dem&$1 seem =eign to ,ess5ism4 ,! baptism ( ,john1 consid]$ z a c]emony ( consecration = ! com+ k+dom1 0 p>allel r to ! initiatory oa?s ( ! ,ess5e bro!rhood ?an to _! ablutions4 ,_! cu/om may h s]v$ to sugge/ to ,john a diff]5t application ( ! famili> sacr$ use ( ! ba?2 inde$ ,john c\ld h>dly h be5 un9flu5c$ by ! usage ( 8 contempor>ies2 yet 9 ?is1 z 9 8 ?\ght1 he 0 n a product ( _! s*ool4 #ha4 ,john's baptism 0 equally indep5d5t ( ! ph>isaic influ5ce4 ,! scribes made mu* ( div]s wa%+s1 b n ) any su* significance z w\ld furni% to ,john 8 baptism ( rep5tance & ( radical *ange ( life4 ,t he 0 n foll[+ a ph>isaic lead+ appe>s 9 ! "q put to him by ! ,ph>isees1 ,:y1 !n1 baptize/ ?\8 7,john i4 #be74 ,!y saw some?+ unique 9 ! c]emony z he conduct$ x4 #hb4 ,_m h held t he d]iv$ 8 baptism f ! me?od ( admitt+ proselytes into ! ,jewi% fell[%ip4 ,x is cle>1 at lea/1 t ! lat] ritual prescrib$ a c]emonial ba? z well z circumcision & sacrifice = all :o came into ,judaism f ! ,g5tiles1 & x is difficult to conceive ( a "t :5 a c]emonial ba? w\ld n seem indisp5sable1 s9ce ,jews reg>d$ all ,g5tile life z defil+4 ,:ile su* an orig9 = ,john's baptism w\ld give peculi> =ce to 8 rebuke ( ,jewi% confid5ce 9 ! m]its ( ,abraham 7,matt4 iii4 #i71 x is m likely1 z ,keim has %[n 7,,jn4 ,,ii4 #bdc & note71 t 9 ?is z 9 8 o!r ?\ght ,john le>n$ ( 8 pr$ecessors r ?an 8 contempor>ies4 ,be=e ! giv+ ( ! old] cov5ant f ,s9ai1 x is said t ,moses 0 requir$ to sanctify ! p & bid !m wa% _! g>m5ts 7,ex4 xix4 #aj74 ,john 0 proclaim+ ! e/abli%m5t ( a new cov5ant1 z ! prophets _h promis$4 ,t ! p %\ld prep>e = ?is by a simil> ba? ( sanctification seems mo/ natural4 ,john appe>$ ) a revival ( ! old] & simpl] religi\s ideas ( ,israel's pa/1 d]iv+ 8 rite z well z 8 ?\ght f ! spr+s ( 8 p's religi\s life4 #hc4 ,?is revival ( ! prophetic pa/ _h no?+ s*ola/ic or antiqu>ian ab\t x4 ,john 0 a disciple1 n an imitator1 ( ! great m5 ( ,israel2 8 message 0 n le>n$ f ,isaiah or any o!r1 ?\gh he 0 educat$ by /udy+ !m4 ,:at he decl>$1 he decl>$ z tru? imm$iately se5 by 8 own s\l1 ! ess5ce ( 8 p[] be+ a revival1 n 9 lett] b 9 _s1 ( ! old1 direct cry1 ,?us sai? ! ,"l4 ,inasmu* z ,john's day 0 o!rwise hopelessly 9 bondage to tradition & ! /udy ( ! lett]1 by s mu* is 8 greatness enhanc$ 9 br++ aga9 ,god's direct message to ! human consci5ce4 ,john's greatness 0 t ( a pione]4 ,! ,fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s also spoke a simple spee* to human he>ts2 he built on & advanc$ f ! old prophets1 b x 0 ,john :o 0 appo9t$ to prep>e ! p = ! new life1 to make ready ! way ( ! ,"l 7,m>k i4 #c74 ,! cle>ness ( 8 p]ception ( tru? is n ! lea/ ( 8 claims to greatness4 ,8 k ( ! simplicity ( ,god's requirem5ts 9 contra/ ) ! hopeless maze ( ph>isaic traditions1 & 8 insight into ! *>act]s ) :om he _h to deal1 :e!r ! s9less ,jesus or ! hypocritical ,ph>isees1 %[ a man m>vell\sly gift$ by ,god :o made good use ( 8 gift4 ,?is greatness appe>s 9 sup]lative degree 9 ! self-effacem5t ( him :o possess$ ^! p[]s4 ,greatness always kn[s itself m or less fully4 ,x 0 n self-ignorance t l$ ,john to claim to be b a voice1 nor 0 x mock humility4 ,! confession ( 8 unwor?9ess 9 comp>ison ) ! mighti] "o :o %\ld foll[ is unmi/akably s9c]e1 z is ! complet$ joy ( ?is fri5d ( ! bridegroom rejoic+ greatly because ( ! bridegroom's voice1 ev5 :5 ! bridegroom's pres5ce meant ! rec$5ce ( ! fri5d into ev] deep5+ obscurity 7,john iii4 #cj74 #hd4 ,b ,john _h m>k$ limitations4 ,he knew well ! righte\sness ( ,god2 he knew1 &1 9 effect1 proclaim$ ,god's read9ess to =give !m t w\ld turn f _! wick$ ways2 he knew ! simplicity z well z ! exce$+ bread? ( ! div9e comm&m5t2 b beyond "o fla% ( insight 7,john i4 #bi-cf71 :i* did n avail to rem\ld 8 ?\ght1 he did n "k ! ye>n+ love ( ,god :i* seeks to save4 ,x is n /range t he did n4 ,"s ( ! prophets _h m k ( x ?an he1 8 own favorite ,isaiah knew m ( x ?an he1 b x 0 n ! ?\ght ( ,john's day4 ,! wond] is t ! ,bapti/ s f> fre$ himself f curr5t ?\ght2 yet he did n belong to ! new ord]4 ,he ?und]$ z f ,s9ai4 ,! simple/ *ild t has le>n$ f ! he>t its ,our ,fa!r has rea*$ a high] k & ent]$ a high] privilege 7,matt4 xi4 #aa74 ,john's self-effacem5t1 wond]ful z x 01 fell %ort ( disciple%ip to 8 great] successor2 9 fact1 at a mu* lat] "t !re 0 /ill a circle ( disciples ( ! ,bapti/ :o kept !mselves sep>ate f ! *ur* 7,acts xix4 #a-g74 ,he 0 d\btless too /r5u\s a man readily to become a foll[]4 ,he c\ld yield 8 place ) unapproa*able grace1 b he rema9$ ! prophet ( ! wild]ness /ill4 ,he seem$ to belong consci\sly to ! old ord]1 &1 by ! v circum/ances orda9$ ( ,god :o s5t him1 he c\ld n be ( ^? :o1 sitt+ at ,jesus' feet1 le>n$ to surr5d] to him _! preconceptions & hopes1 & 9 he>t1 if n 9 ^w1 to say1 ,to :om %all we g1 ?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life8 7,john vi4 #fh74 ,,vii ,! ,messianic ,call ,matt4 iii4 #ac ,,to iv4 #aa2 ,m>k i4 #i-ac2 ,luke iii4 #ba1 #bb2 iv4 #a-ac2 ,john i4 #cj-cd #he4 ,9 ! circle ab\t ,john all classes ( ! p 7 repres5t$3 ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 jeal\s ( innovation & appreh5sive ( popul> excitem5t2 publicans & soldi]s1 int]e/$ 9 ! new prea*] or t\*$ 9 consci5ce2 outca/s :o came 9 p5it5ce1 & dev\t s\ls 9 consecration4 ,! wond] ( ! new message 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! l& & br\ght great multitudes to ! ,jordan4 ,jesus 9 ,naz>e? he>d x1 & recogniz$ 9 ,john a revival ( ! long-sil5t prophetic voice4 ,! summons appeal$ to 8 loyalty to ,god's tru?1 & aft] ! multitudes _h be5 baptiz$ 7,luke iii4 #ba7 he too s\ght ! prophet ( ! wild]ness4 #hf4 ,! connection :i* ,luke m5tions 7i4 #cf7 betwe5 ! families ( ,jesus & ,john _h n l$ to any intimacy betwe5 ! two "y m54 ,john c]ta9ly did n "k ( 8 k9sman's mission 7,john i4 #ca71 nor 0 8 conception ( ! ,messiah su* t he w\ld look = its fulfilm5t 9 "o l ,jesus 7,matt4 iii4 #aj-ab74 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 0 cle> z soon z !y met1--,john recogniz$ 9 ,jesus "o holi] ?an himself 7,matt4 iii4 #ad74 ,) a prophet's spiritual insight he read ! "* ( ,jesus at a glance1 & al?\gh t "* did n prove him to be ! ,messiah1 x prep>$ ,john = ! revelation :i* 0 soon to foll[4 #hg4 ,! reply ( ,jesus to ! unwill+ness ( ,john to give him baptism 7,matt4 iii4 #ae7 0 an expression ( firm purpose to d ,god's w2 ! abs5ce ( any confession ( s9 is !re=e all ! m noticeable4 ,9 all g5]ations ! holie/ m5 h be5 ^? mo/ consci\s ( imp]fection1 & 9 ,john's message & baptism confession & rep5tance 7 prim>y dem&s2 yet ,jesus felt no ne$ = rep5tance1 & ask$ = baptism ) no ^w ( confession4 ,b = ! fact t ! total impression ( 8 life begat 9 8 disciples ! conviction t he did no s9 7,i4 ,pet4 ii4 #bb2 comp>e ,john viii4 #df2 ,,ii4 ,cor4 v4 #ba71 ?is sil5ce ( ,jesus w\ld (f5d ! religi\s s5se4 ,jesus1 h[ev]1 _h no air ( self-suffici5cy1 he came to make surr5d] & to fulfil all-righte\sness 7,matt4 iii4 #ae74 ,x 0 ! positive aspect ( ,john's baptism t drew him to ! ,jordan4 ,john 0 prea*+ ! com+ ( ,god's k+dom4 ,! place held by ! doctr9e ( t k+dom 9 ! lat] tea*+ ( ,jesus makes x all b c]ta9 t 8 ?\ght _h be5 fill$ ) x = _m ye>s4 ,9 8 read+ ( ! prophets ,jesus und\bt$ly emphasiz$ ! spiritual phases ( _! promises1 b x is n likely t he _h done mu* criticis+ ( ! ideas held by 8 contempor>ies be=e he came to ,john4 ,z already rem>k$ he seems to h be5 quick] to discov] 8 aff9ity ) ! old] tru? ?an to be consci\s ( ! novelty ( 8 own ways ( appreh5d+ x 7,matt4 v4 #ag74 ,:51 !n1 ,jesus he>d ,john's call = consecration to ! approa*+ k+dom he recogniz$ ! voice ( duty1 & he s\ght ! baptism t he might d all t he c\ld to make ready ! way ( ! ,"l4 #hh4 ,?is act ( consecration on ,jesus' "p 0 "o ( p]sonal ob$i5ce4 ,!re 7 no cr[ds pres5t 7,luke iii4 #ba71 & 8 ?\ghts 7 full ( pray]4 ,x 0 an exp]i5ce :i* conc]n$ 8 inn]mo/ life ) ,god1 & x call$ him to communion ) heav5 l t 9 :i* he s\ght = wisdom be=e *oos+ 8 apo/les 7,luke vi4 #ab71 & = /r5g? 9 view ( 8 approa*+ dea? 7,luke ix4 #bh1 #bi74 ,8 outw>d decl>ation ( loyalty to ! com+ k+dom 0 ?us n an act ( righte\sness to be se5 ( m51 b "o ( p]sonal devotion to him :o is & :o sees 9 secret 7,matt4 vi4 #a1 #f74 ,z ! transfiguration foll[$ ! pray] on ,h]mon1 s ?is initial consecration 0 answ]$ f heav54 ,a "p ( ! answ] 0 evid5t to ,john1 = he saw a visible tok5 ( ! gift ( ! div9e ,_s :i* 0 grant$ to ,jesus = ! conduct ( ! "w he _h to d1 & he recogniz$ 9 ,jesus ! great] successor = :om he 0 simply mak+ prep>ation 7,m>k i4 #aj2 ,john i4 #cb-cd74 ,to ,jesus !re came also ) ! gift ( ! ,_s a def9ite ^w f heav51 ,?\ art my belov$ ,son1 9 !e ,i am well pleas$ 7,m>k i4 #aa74 ,! language 9 ,m>k & ,luke1 & ! sil5ce ( ! ,bapti/ conc]n+ ! voice f heav5 7,john i4 #cb-cd71 indicate t ! ^w came to ,jesus alone1 & 0 8 summons to und]take ! "w ( sett+ up t k+dom to :i* he _h j pl$g$ 8 loyalty4 ,! expression ,my belov$ ,son _h cle> ,messianic significance = ,jesus' contempor>ies 7comp4 ,m>k xiv4 #fb71 & ! message c h signifi$ = him no?+ less ?an a ,messianic call4 ,x impli$ m ?an t *ild-relation to ,god :i* 0 ! fundam5tal fact 9 8 religi\s life f ! beg9n+3 x _h an (ficial mean+4 #hi4 ,= ,jesus ! s5se ( be+ ,god's *ild 0 normally human1 & 9 8 m9i/ry he invit$ all m5 to a simil> consci\sness ( son%ip4 ,yet 8 e>ly ye>s mu/ h br\ght to him a realization t he 0 diff]5t f 8 fell[s4 ,t 9 him :i* made a confession at ! baptism unnatural & :i* l$ to ,john's ^w1 ,i h ne$ to be baptiz$ by !e1 0 ready to e*o ass5t :5 ,god said1 ,?\ art my ,son4 ,he accept$ ! call & ! new (fice & mission :i* x impli$1 & he mu/ h recogniz$ t x 0 = ?is mom5t t all ! pa/ ( 8 life _h be5 mak+ prep>ation4 #ij4 ,! gift ( ! ,_s to ,jesus1 :i* furni%$ to ,john ! pro( t ! ,great] ,"o _h appe>$1 0 n an arbitr>y sign4 ,! old prophetic ?\ght 7,isa4 xi4 #b2 xlii4 #a2 lxi4 #a7 z well z a lat] popul> expectation 7,ps4 ( ,sol4 xvii4 #db7 provid$ = su* an ano9t+ ( ! ,messiah2 & 9 ! actual conduct ( 8 life ,jesus 0 con/antly "u ! lead+ ( ?is ,_s 7see ,matt4 xii4 #bh & ,john iii4 #cd74 ,! temptation :i* foll[$ ! baptism1 & 9 :i* he fac$ ! difficulties 9 8 new task1 0 ! fir/ result ( ! ,_s's control4 ,its lat] influ5ce is n s cle>ly m>k$ 9 ! gospels1 b !y imply t z ! old] s]vants ( ,god 7 guid$ & /r5g!n$ by him1 s 8 ,son also 0 aid$1--) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t he possess$ completely ! heav5ly gift 7,john iii4 #cd74 ,jesus' uni=m confession ( dep5d5ce on ,god confirms ?is tea*+ ( ! gift ( ! div9e ,_s2 & 8 uni=m consci\sness ( complete p[] & au?ority confirms ! te/imony t he _h ! ,_s )\t measure4 #ia4 ,! temptation to :i* ! ,_s drove ,jesus aft] 8 baptism gives pro( t ! call to assume ! ,messianic (fice came to him unexpect$ly2 = ! ?ree temptations ) :i* 8 long /ruggle end$ 7 e*oes ( ! voice :i* he _h he>d at ! ,jordan1 & subtle ins9uations ( d\bt ( its mean+4 ,"s )drawal to contemplate ! significance ( 8 appo9tm5t to a ,messianic "w 0 a m5tal & spiritual necessity4 ,z has (t5 be5 said1 if ! gospels _h n record$ ! temptation1 we %\ld h _h to assume "o4 ,jesus be+ ! man he 01 c\ld n h ?\ght t 8 call 0 a summons to an entire *ange 9 8 ideals & 8 ?\ghts ab\t ,god & duty4 ,yet he mu/ h be5 consci\s ( ! wide diff]5ces betwe5 8 conceptions ( ,god's k+dom & ! popul> expectation4 ,^? diff]5ces1 by ! measure ( ! def9it5ess ( ! popul> ?\ght & ! ardor ( ! popul> hope1 7 ! pro( ( ! difficulty ( 8 task4 ,! call meant t ! ,messiah c\ld be su* z he 02 x meant t ! k+dom c\ld be & mu/ be a dom9ion ( ,god prim>ily 9 ! he>ts ( m5 & consequ5tly 9 _! _w2 x meant t 8 "w mu/ be religi\s r ?an political1 & graci\s r ?an judicial4 ,^! ess5tials ( ! "w :i* he c\ld d contradict$ at ne>ly e po9t ! expectations ( 8 p4 ,h[ c\ld he succe$ 9 ! face ( su* opposition8 ,8 long m$itation dur+ =ty days d\btless %[$ him ! difficulty ( 8 task 9 all its baldness1 yet x did n %ake 8 c]ta9ty t ! call _h come to him f ,god1 nor 8 fai? t :at ,god _h call$ him to d he c\ld accompli%4 #ib4 ,! gospels %[ no hesitation 9 call+ ! exp]i5ce ( ^! days a temptation1 nor _h ! ,*ri/ian feel+ ( ! fir/ c5tury any difficulty 9 ?9k+ ( its ,"l z actually suff]+ temptation 7,heb4 ii4 #ah2 iv4 #ae74 ,a temptation to be real _c be hypo!tical2 evil mu/ actually pres5t itself z attractive to ! tempt$ s\l4 ,a sugge/ion ( evil t takes no hold concretely ( ! he>t is no temptation1 nor is ! resi/ance ( x any victory4 ,! s9lessness ( him :o s\ght baptism ) no confession on 8 lips nor s5se ( p5it5ce 9 8 he>t (f]s no b>ri] to 8 exp]i5ce ( g5u9e temptation1 unless we ?9k him incapable ( s91 & !re=e n l unto 8 bre?r54 ,n only d ! gospels repeat$ly ref] to 8 temptations 7,luke iv4 #ac2 ,m>k viii4 #ca-cc2 ,luke xxii4 #bh2 comp>e ,heb4 v4 #g-i71 b !y also depict cle>ly ! reality ( ^! initial te/+s4 ,! acc\nt z giv5 9 ,mat!w & ,luke repres5ts ! exp]i5ce ) :i* ! =ty days' /ruggle culm9at$4 ,! absorption ( ,jesus' m9d _h be5 s complete t he _h neglect$ ! ne$s ( 8 body1 & :5 he turn$ to ?9k ( e>?ly ?+s he 0 press$ by hung]4 ,a popul> notion at a lat] "t1 & probably also 9 ,jesus' day1 0 t ! ,messiah w\ld be able to fe$ 8 p z ,moses _h giv5 !m manna 9 ! wild]ness 7,john vi4 #cj-cb2 see ,eders,l,j,m4 ,i4 #agf74 ,he _h j be5 end[$ ) ! div9e ,_s = ! "w be=e him2 x 0 !re=e no fanta/ic idea :5 ! sugge/ion came t he %\ld use 8 p[] to supply 8 own ne$s 9 ! des]t4 ,nor 0 ! temptation )\t attractiv5ess2 8 own physical nature urg$ its ne$1 & ,jesus 0 no ascetic :o f\nd discom=t a way ( hol9ess4 ,! evil 9 ! sugge/ion 0 t x ask$ him to use 8 newly giv5 p[]s = ! supply ( 8 own ne$s1 z if d\bt+ t ,god w\ld c>e = him z = any o!r ( 8 *ildr54 ,!re 0 m ?an di/ru/ ( ,god sugge/$2 ! temptation came ) a h9t ( ano!r d\bt1--,if ?\ art ,god's ,son4 ,a miracle w\ld prove to himself 8 appo9tm5t & 8 p[]4 ,! sugge/$ d\bt ( 8 call he pass$ unnotic$2 di/ru/ ( ,god he repudiat$ in/antly1 fall+ back on 8 fai? 9 ! ,god he _h s]v$ ^! _m ye>s 7,deut4 viii4 #c74 ,8 victory is rem>kable because 8 _s conqu]$ unhesitat+ly aft] a long ec/asy :i* w\ld naturally h induc$ a reaction & a surr5d] = ! mom5t to ! dem& ( l[] ne$s4 #ic4 ,?is firmness ( tru/ op5$ ! way = ano!r evil sugge/ion4 ,9 ! "w be=e him z ,god's ,ano9t$ _m difficulties 7 on ei!r side & across 8 pa?4 ,he knew 8 p1 _! prejudices1 & _! h>dness ( he>t2 & he knew h[ f> he 0 f _! ideal ( a ,messiah4 ,he knew also ! wat*ful jeal\sy ( ,rome4 ,o!rs be=e him1 l ,judas ( ,galilee1 _h tri$ ! ,messianic rle & _h fail$4 ,he1 h[ev]1 0 confid5t ( 8 div9e call3 %\ld he n1 !re=e1 press =w>d ) 8 "w1 he$less ( all dang] & reg>dless ( ! dictates ( prud5ce1--z he$less z if1 tru/+ ,god's promis$ c>e1 he %\ld ca/ himself d[n f a p9nacle ( ! temple to ! rocks 9 ,kidron bel[8 ,a fanatic w\ld h yield$ to su* a temptation4 ,_m ano!r ?an ,jesus did s1--,!udas 7,acts v4 #cf71 ! ,egyptian 7,acts xxi4 #ch72 & ,b> ,co*ba 7,dio ,cassius1 lxix4 #ab-ad2 ,euseb4 ,*4 ,hi/4 iv4 #f74 ,jesus1 h[ev]1 %[$ 8 p]fect m5tal heal?1 repudiat+ ! temptation by decl>+ t :ile man may tru/ ,god's c>e1 he mu/ n presumptu\sly put x to ! te/ 7,matt4 iv4 #g74 ,! aft] life ( ,jesus 0 a cle> comm5t>y on ?is reply4 ,he con/antly s\ght to avoid situations :i* w\ld compromise 8 mission or cut %ort 8 "w 7see ,john vi4 #ae71 & :5 at ! end he suff]$ ! dea? prep>$ = him by 8 p's hatr$1 x 0 because 8 h\r _h come & he c\ld say1 ,i lay d[n my life ( myself 7,john x4 #ah74 ,8 m>vell\s control ( en?usiasm & 8 self-ma/]y 9 all circum/ances sep>ate ,jesus f all ec/atics & fanatics4 ,yet presumption mu/ h seem$ ! easi] c\rse1 & c\ld readily we> ! mask ( tru/4 ,he 0 tempt$1 yet )\t s94 #id4 ,z ! refusal to d\bt l$ to ! temptation to presume1 s ! det]m9ation to be prud5t op5$ ! way = a ?ird assault ^u 8 p]fect loyalty to ,god4 ,! _w he 0 to seek to save 0 sway$ by passions2 8 own p 7 long+ = a ,messiah1 b !y mu/ h _! k9d ( a ,messiah4 ,if he w\ld ackn[l$ge ?is actual supremacy ( evil & self-w 9 ! _w1 ! opposition ( passion & prejudice might be avoid$4 ,if he w\ld own ! evil inevitable = ! "t1 & accommodate 8 "w to x1 he might !n be free to lead m5 to high] & m spiritual views ( ,god's k+dom4 ,8 k ( 8 p's grossness ( he>t & mat]ialism ( hope made a real temptation ( ! sugge/ion t he %\ld n op5ly oppose b %\ld accommodate himself to !m4 ,jesus did n und]e/imate ! opposition ( ! k+doms ( ! _w1 b he truly e/imat$ ,god's intol]ance ( any rivalry 7,matt4 iv4 #aj71 & he 0 true to ,god & to 8 own s\l4 ,aga91 9 ?is z 9 ! prec$+ temptations1 ,jesus conqu]$ ! evil sugge/ions by appropriat+ to himself tru? spok5 by ,god's s]vants to ,israel4 ,tempt$ 9 all po9ts l 8 bre?r51 he resi/$ z any "o ( !m c\ld h resi/$1 & won a victory possible1 ideally consid]$1 to any o!r ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 #ie4 ,x is n idle curiosity :i* inquires :5ce ! evangeli/s got ?is /ory ( ! temptation ( ,jesus4 ,ev5 if ! :ole transaction took place on ! plane ( out] s5su\s life1 & ,jesus 0 bodily c>ri$ to ,j]usalem & to ! m\nta9-top1 !re is no probability t any witnesses 7 at h& :o c\ld tell ! tale4 ,b ! fact t 9 any case ! vision ( ! k+doms ( ! _w 9 a mom5t ( "t 7,luke iv4 #e7 c\ld h be5 spiritual only1 s9ce no m\nta91 h[ev] high 7,matt4 iv4 #h71 c\ld give1 physically1 t wide sweep ( view1 sugge/s t ! :ole acc\nt tells 9 pictorial language an int5sely real1 inn] exp]i5ce ( ,jesus4 ,?is 9 no respect r$uces ! tru?fulness ( ! n>ratives4 ,temptation nev] becomes temptation till x passes to t inn] sc5e ( action & debate4 ,s9ce ,jesus %[s 9 all 8 tea*+ a natural use ( p>abolic language to set =? spiritual tru?1 ! inf]5ce is almo/ inevitable t ! gospels h 9 l mann] adopt$ ! language ( vivid picture z alone adequate to depict ! ess5tial reality ( 8 inn] /ruggle4 ,9 any case ! n>rative c\ld h come f no o!r s\rce ?an himself4 ,h[ he came to tell x we d n "k4 ,on "o ( ! days ( private conv]se ) 8 disciples aft] ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi he may h giv5 !m ?is acc\nt ( 8 own exp]i5ce1 9 ord] to help 8 loyal ,galileans to und]/& m fully 8 "w & ! way ( x1 & to prep>e !m = t disappo9tm5t ( _! expectations :i* !y 7 s sl[ to ackn[l$ge z possible4 #if4 ,f ?is /ruggle 9 ! wild]ness ,jesus came =? ) ! cle> conviction t he 0 ,god's ,ano9t$1 & 9 all 8 aft] life no hesitation appe>$4 ,! k+dom :i* he und]took to e/abli% 0 t dom9ion ( simple righte\sness :i* he _h le>n$ to "k & love 9 ! ye>s ( quiet life 9 ,naz>e?4 ,he set out to d 8 "w fe>lessly1 b prud5tly1 seek+ to w9 m5 9 8 ,fa!r's way to ackn[l$ge t ,fa!r's sov]eignty4 ,!re is no evid5ce t1 beyond su* firm conviction & purpose1 he _h any fix$ plan = ! "w he 0 to d1 nor t he saw cle>ly z yet h[ 8 e>?ly c>e] w\ld end4 ,! ?ird temptation1 h[ev]1 %[s t he 0 n unprep>$ = seem+ defeat4 ,! /ruggle _h be5 long & s]i\s1--= ! ?ree temptations ( ! end are d\btless typical ( ! :ole ( ! =ty days1--& ! victory 0 great & f9al4 ,) ! light ( victory z well z ! m>ks ( w>f>e on 8 face1 he took 8 way back t[>ds ,galilee4 ,,viii ,! ,fir/ ,disciples ,john i4 #ai ,,to ii4 #ab #ig4 ,aft] ! )drawal ( ,jesus into ! wild]ness1 ,john ! ,bapti/ cont9u$ 8 m9i/ry ( prea*+ & baptiz+1 mov+ nor?w>d up ! ,jordan valley to ,be?any1 on ! ea/]n side ( ! riv]1 ne> "o ( ! =ds bel[ ! ,sea ( ,galilee 7,john i4 #bh74 ,"h ,galilee1 d\btless1 contribut$ m to 8 audi5ce ?an ,judea4 ,x is c]ta9 t "s f ! bord]s ( ! lake 7 at ?is "t among 8 con/ant att5dants3 ,&rew & ,simon ( ,be?saida1 ,john ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 & p]haps 8 bro!r ,james1 probably also ,philip ( ,be?saida & ,na?anael ( ,cana 7,john i4 #dj1 #da1 #dc-de2 comp>e xxi4 #b74 #ih4 ,! lead]s 9 ,j]usalem1 becom+ appreh5sive :i!r ?is "w w\ld lead1 s5t an embassy to "q ,john4 ,!y *ose = ?is mission prie/s & ,levites ( ph>isaic lean+ z mo/ influ5tial among ! p4 ,! impression ,john & 8 message 7 mak+ on ! popul> m9d is se5 9 ! que/ions put to him1 ,art ?\ ! ,messiah8 ,elijah8 ,! prophet8 7see ,deut4 xviii4 #ae71 & 9 ! *all5ge1 ,:y1 !n1 baptize/ ?\8 :5 ,john disclaim$ ! "r to any ( ^! names4 ,john's reply is ! e*o ( 8 e>li] proclamation ( ! "o mighti] ?an he :o %\ld baptize ) ! ,_s 7,m>k i4 #g1 #h71 only n[ he add$ t ?is "o 0 pres5t among !m 7,john i4 #bf1 #bg74 #ii4 ,?is int]view occurr$ sev]al weeks aft] ,jesus' baptism1 = ^u ! next day ,john saw ,jesus 7,john i4 #bi71 n[ return$ f ! temptation1 & po9t$ him out to a gr\p ( disciples4 ,some?+ 9 ,jesus' face or 9 8 be>+1 z he came f 8 temptation1 mu/ h impress$ ,john ev5 m ?an at _! fir/ meet+2 = he 0 l$ to ?9k ( a prophetic ^w = ! mo/ "p ignor$ by ! ,messianic ?\ght ( 8 day1 ,he 0 br\ght z a lamb to ! slaught] 7,isa4 liii4 #g74 ,z he look$ on ,jesus ! my/]i\s oracle 0 illum9at$ = him1 & he cri$1 ,behold ! lamb ( ,god :i* take? away ! s9 ( ! _w4 ,once aga9 on ! next day ! same ?\ght ru%$ to 8 lips :51 ) two disciples1 he saw ,jesus pass+ by 7,john i4 #ce1 #cf74 ,!n z ,jesus left ,john's neighborhood & took up aga9 ! r\nd ( ord9>y life1 ,john seems to h rev]t$ to 8 m ord9>y ,messianic ?\ght1 8 mom5t>y insight into highe/ tru? /&+ z a ?+ ap>t 9 8 life4 ,su* a mom5t's insight1 caus$ by extraord9>y circum/ances1 no m requires t ,john %\ld reta9 ! high ?\ght con/antly ?an does ,pet]'s confession ( ,*ri/ at ,cs>ea ,philippi exclude 8 lat] rebuke ( 8 ,"l 7,m>k viii4 #cb1 #cc71 or 8 d5ials 7,m>k xiv4 #ff-gb74 #ajj4 ,! disciples :o he>d ^! te/imonies f ,john und]/ood !m to be ,messianic 7,john i4 #cj-cd71 ?\gh _! lat] con/]nation1 :5 ! cross seem$ to %att] _! hopes 7,john xx4 #i1 #aj1 #bd1 #be71 %[s t !y did n compreh5d _! deep] mean+4 ,two ( ^! disciples at once atta*$ !mselves to ,jesus1 & "o ( !m1 ,&rew ( ,be?saida1 0 s impress$ by ! new ma/] t1 hav+ s\ght out 8 bro!r ,simon1 he decl>$ t !y _h f\nd ! ,messiah4 ,! o!r ( ^! e>lie/ foll[]s 0 ,john ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 & x is possible t he also f\nd 8 bro!r & introduc$ ,james f ! v fir/ into ! circle ( ! disciples4 ,jesus 0 ab\t to take 8 dep>ture = ,galilee1 & on ! next day1 z he 0 leav+1 add$ ,philip ( ,be?saida to ! little company ( foll[]s4 ,philip1 impress$ z ,&rew _h be51 br\ght ,na?anael ( ,cana to ,jesus4 ,! undef9$ some?+ ab\t ,jesus :i* drew noble he>ts irresi/ibly to himself1 & 8 m>vell\s k ( ?is new com]1 produc$ ! same effect 9 ,na?anael1 z 0 se5 e>li] 9 ,&rew & ,philip1 & he ackn[l$g$ ! new ma/] z ,son ( ,god1 ,k+ ( ,israel 7,john i4 #di74 #aja4 ,^! e>ly confessions 9 ! f\r? gospel pres5t a difficulty 9 view ( ,jesus' w>m approval ( ,pet]'s ackn[l$gm5t ( him at ,cs>ea ,philippi 7,matt4 xvi4 #ac-bj74 ,jesus saw 9 t confession a di/9ct advance 9 ! disciples' ?\ght & fai?4 ,yet ! religi\s feel+ :i* e>ly que/ion$ :e!r ! ,bapti/ ev5 7 n ! ,messiah 7,luke iii4 #ae7 w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h conclud$ t ,john's great] successor mu/ be ,god's ano9t$4 ,! v fact t m5's ?\ghts ab\t ! ,messiah 7 v>i$ & complex made !m ready = "s modifications ( _! preconceptions4 ,"o ) su* subtle p]sonal p[] z ,jesus _h ex]cis$ 0 almo/ sure to be hail$ by "s ) en?usiasm z ! look$-= repres5tative ( ,god4 ,9 fact1 x is probable t at any "t 9 ! e>ly days ( 8 m9i/ry ,jesus c\ld h be5 proclaim$ ,messiah1 provid$ he _h accept$ ! p's t]ms4 ,su* a confession w\ld h be5 m]ely ! outcome ( en?usiasm4 ,! p1 ev5 ! disciples1 did n "k ,jesus4 ,!y all _h high hopes & some:at fix$ ideas ab\t ! ,messiah1 ne>ly e "o ( :i* 0 de/9$ to rude %ock4 ,h[ little !y knew him ,jesus realiz$ 7,john i4 #ea71 & 8 self-ma/]y is manife/ 9 8 attitude to ?is e>ly en?usiasm4 ,he 0 no vision>y2 he _h a great "w to d & a long lesson to tea*1 & he 0 pati5t en\gh to tea* x little by little4 ,he did n rebuke ! ill-in=m$ fai? ( a ,na?anael1 b s\ght gradually to supplant ! old ?\ght ( ! ,messiah & ( ! k+dom by new tru?1 & to b9d m5's affections to himself = 8 own sake & ! tru?'s sake1 n simply = ! idea :i* he imp]sonat$ to !m4 #ajb4 ,! visit to ,cana seems to h f\nd a place 9 ! f\r? gospel1 because !re ! new disciples discov]$ 9 _! ma/] miracul\s p[]s :i* 7 to !m a sign t he 0 9 tru? ,god's ano9t$4 ,x is probable t at ! "t ( ?is miracle ! disciples ?\ght only ( ! p[] & ! m>vel1 yet ! %>p contra/ betwe5 ,john's ascetic habit & ,jesus' use ( 8 div9e res\rces to relieve emb>rassm5t at a w$d+ fea/ mu/ h impress$ e man among !m4 ,_! m9ds1 h[ev]1 7 z yet too full ( ,messianic hopes to leave mu* room = reflection4 ,!y 7 cont5t to h a sign1 = 9 ! view ( ,jesus' contempor>ies signs 7 ess5tial m>ks ( ! ,messiah 7,john vi4 #cj2 vii4 #ca2 ,m>k viii4 #aa74 ,!y did _! reflect+ lat] 7,john ii4 #bb74 #ajc4 ,miracles are z great a /umbl+-block to mod]n ?\ght z !y 7 a help to ! contempor>ies ( ,jesus4 ,! /udy ( ,jesus' life _c ignore ?is fact1 nor make little ( x4 ,x is fair to insi/1 h[ev]1 t ! "q is "o ( evid5ce1 n ( metaphysical possibility4 ,m5 are wisely sl[ to-day to claim t !y c tell :at are ! limits ( ! possible4 ,if ! "q is "o ( evid5ce1 x is 9 an important s5se true t ! evid5ce = miracle 9 ! life ( ,jesus is appreciable only :5 t life is view$ 9 its complet5ess4 ,! miracles attribut$ to ,jesus may be /udi$1 h[ev]1 = ! disclosure :i* !y give ( 8 "*1 & ( 8 relation to common human ne$4 ,s x is ) ?is fir/ sign at ,cana4 ,jesus _h j he>d ! call to be ,messiah1 & 9 8 lonely /ruggle 9 ! wild]ness _h giv5 a loyal answ] to t call1 & _h set out to d 8 ,fa!r's bus9ess 9 8 ,fa!r's way4 ,he :o by ! ,jordan /ill c>ri$ ! m>ks ( /ruggle1 s t ! ,bapti/ saw 9 him ! suff]+ ,savi\r ( ,isaiah liii41 n[ return$ to ! ord9>y daily life 9 ,galilee1 & z a gue/ at a w$d+ fea/ he comm5c$ t m9i/ry ( simple human fri5dl9ess 7,matt4 xi4 #ai2 comp>e ,m>k ii4 #ae-ag2 ,luke xv4 #a1 #b71 :i* set him 9 %>p contra/ alike ) ,john's asceticism & ) ! ritualism & p$antry ( ! ,ph>isees4 #ajd4 ,8 human fri5dl9ess is all ! m wor?y ( note1 inasmu* z on 8 return to ,cana ,jesus did n take up aga9 ! old relations ( life z !y exi/$ be=e 8 baptism4 ,?is is cle> f 8 reply to 8 "m :5 %e report$ ! sc>city ( w9e 7,john ii4 #c-e74 ,:ile x is true t ! title by :i* ,jesus address$ ,m>y 0 nei!r disrespectful nor unk9d 7,john xix4 #bf71 ! reply itself 0 a w>n+ t n[ he 0 no long] h]s 9 ! old s5se4 ,a new mission _h be5 giv5 him1 :i* h5ce=? w\ld det]m9e all 8 conduct1 & 9 t mission %e c\ld n n[ %>e4 ,"h is "o ( ! _m indications 7comp>e ,m>k iii4 #ba1 #ca-ce2 ,luke ii4 #dh7 t ,m>y did n und]/& h] son nor 8 "w until mu* lat] 7,john xix4 #be2 ,acts i4 #ad74 ,t ) su* a cle> s5se ( 8 new & s]i\s mission ,jesus' fir/ (ficial act 0 "o ( k9dly relief = social emb>rassm5t is mo/ significant4 ,he *ose to %[ 8 div9e au?ority to 8 new disciples 9 a way t br\ght joy to a fe/al company4 ,little z ! disciples 7 likely to appreciate x at ! "t1 x 0 beautifully indicative ( ! simplicity & ev]yday lovabl5ess ( ,jesus' idea ( ! e>ne/ s]vice ( ,god4 #aje4 ,) ! disciples ?us /r5g!n$ 9 fai?1 & ! "m n sep>at$ f him ?\gh unable to "k 8 deepe/ ?\ghts1 & ! bre?r5 :o c\ld n yet nor lat] und]/& _! k9sman & 8 "w1 ,jesus w5t d[n to ,cap]naum 7,john ii4 #ab71 :i* prov$ !nce=? to be ! c5tre ( 8 greate/ "w & tea*+4 ,!re = a "t1 h[ long _c be kn[n1 he cont9u$ 9 quiet fell[%ip ) 8 new fri5ds1 until ! approa* ( ! ,passov] drew him to ,j]usalem to make =mal op5+ ( 8 ,messianic "w 9 t c5tre ( 8 p's religi\s life4 ,"p ,,ii ,! ,m9i/ry ,i ,g5]al ,survey ( ! ,m9i/ry #ajf4 ,! attempt to arrange an ord]ly acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* ,jesus set ab\t ! "w to :i* he 0 call$ at 8 baptism is met at ! outset by a problem4 ,! vivid & famili> words ( ,m>k 7i4 #ad71 second$ by ! repres5tation 9 bo? ,mat!w 7iv4 #ab7 & ,luke 7iv4 #ad71 indicate ! imprisonm5t ( ,john z ! occasion1 & ,galilee z ! sc5e ( ! inauguration ( ,jesus' public m9i/ry4 ,! f\r? gospel1 on ! o!r h&1 tells ( a "w ( ,jesus & 8 disciples 9 ,judea prior to ! imprisonm5t ( ,john 794 #bd71 & makes ?is "w foll[ at "s int]val aft] ! inauguration ( ! ,messianic m9i/ry 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! m9ut5ess ( detail ( "t & place 9 ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,john 7i4 #ai to iv4 #dc71 toge!r ) ! vividness ( _! n>rative1 give !m /rong claim to cr$5ce4 ,!y ?us record a m9i/ry e>li] ?an t n>rat$ 9 ! o!r gospels1 prov+ t ! actual inauguration ( ,jesus' "w occurr$ 9 ,j]usalem at a ,passov] season previ\s to ! imprisonm5t ( ,john4 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,e>ly ,judean ,m9i/ry4 #ajg4 ,! fact t ,pet] 0 wont to tell ! /ory ( ,jesus' life 9 su* a way z to lead ,m>k to set ! op5+ ( ! m9i/ry aft] ! close ( ,john's activity1 indicates t t beg9n+ ( "w 9 ,galilee seem$ to ! disciples to be 9 a way ! actual inauguration ( ,jesus' con/ructive & successful "w4 ,pet] _c h be5 ignorant ( ! labors 9 ,judea1 ?\gh he may n himself h accompani$ ,jesus to ! ,passov]4 ,a new /age 9 ! life ( ,jesus began1 !re=e1 ) 8 )drawal to ,galilee4 #ajh4 ,! /ory ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry is giv5 *iefly by ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 ,john contribut+ b two incid5ts to ! p]iod cov]$ by t m9i/ry1--a second miracle at ,cana 7iv4 #df-ed71 & a visit to ,judea 7v4 #a-dg71--;& relat+ m fully ! /ory ( ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes 7vi4 #a-ga74 ,! j\rney f ,judea ?r\gh ,sam>ia 7,john iv4 #a-de7 %\ld be id5tifi$ ) ! removal to ,galilee :i* /&s at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>k's record 7i4 #ad2 ,matt4 iv4 #ab2 ,luke iv4 #ad74 ,m>k's acc\nt ( ! ,galilean activity ( ,jesus 7i4 #ad to ix4 #ej7 is "o ( su* simple & /eady progress t ! :ole p]iod mu/ be consid]$ z a unit4 #aji4 ,9 ! use :i* ,mat!w 7iv4 #ab to xviii4 #ce7 & ,luke 7iv4 #ad to ix4 #ej7 make ( ,m>k's record ?is unity is emphasiz$4 ,_! treatm5t ( ! matt] :i* !y add1 h[ev]1 makes x be/ to /udy ! p]iod topically r ?an attempt to foll[ closely a *ronological sequ5ce4 ,z x is probable t ! e>ly writ+ ascrib$ by ,papias to ! apo/le ,mat!w fail$ to pres]ve 9 _m cases any record ( ! "t & place ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 s is x c]ta9 t ! fir/ & ?ird evangeli/s h di/ribut$ q diff]5tly ! mat]ial :i* !y seem to h d]iv$ f t apo/olic docum5t4 ,m5tion ne$ only be made ( ! exhortation aga9/ anxiety :i* ,mat!w places 9 ! s]mon on ! m\nt 7vi4 #ai-cd71 & :i* ,luke has giv5 aft] ! close ( ! ,galilean activity 7xii4 #bb-cd74 ,x is possible to =m "s judgm5t ( ! g5]al relations ( su* disc\rses f ! "* ( _! cont5ts1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( positive /atem5t by ! evangeli/s x is hopeless to seek to give !m a m def9ite hi/orical sett+4 ,a topical /udy c consid] !m z contributions to ! p]iod to :i* !y belong1 :ile a *ronological /udy w\ld be lo/ 9 unc]ta9 conjectures4 ,a topical /udy may1 h[ev]1 disclose ! fact t sequ5ce ( "t 0 id5tical ) developm5t ( me?od4 ,?is is1 9 g5]al1 ! case ) ! ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,! new lesson :i* ,jesus began to tea* aft] ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi m>k$ ! supreme turn+ po9t 9 8 :ole public activity4 ,be=e t crisis ! "w ( ,jesus 0 a con/ructive prep>ation = ! "q :i* call$ =? ,pet]'s confession4 ,subsequ5tly 8 "w 0 t ( mak+ ready = ! end1 :i* f t "t on he =etold4 ,z has be5 /at$1 ! ,galilean m9i/ry is ! /ory ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 except = two incid5ts & a disc\rse add$ by ,john4 ,! visit to ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 7,john vii4 #a to viii4 #ei7 /&s on ! bord] betwe5 ! "w 9 ,galilee & t :i* foll[$4 ,x 0 "o ( ,jesus' _m attempts to w9 ,j]usalem1 & is evid5ce t ! au?or ( ! f\r? gospel--ei!r because ( special int]e/ 9 ! capital1 or because ( sup]ior k ( ! "w ( 8 ,ma/] 9 ,judea--gave emphasis to a side ( ! life ( ,jesus :i* ! o!r gospels h neglect$4 #aaj4 ,) ! close ( ! con/ructive m9i/ry 9 ,galilee1 ! acc\nt ( ,m>k 7x4 #a2 comp>e ,matt xix4 #a2 ,luke ix4 #ea7 turns t[>ds ,j]usalem & ! cross4 ,! j\rney 0 n direct1 b trav]s$ ,p]ea1 ! doma9 ( ,antipas beyond ,jordan1 & 0 accompani$ by cont9u$ m9i/ry ( tea*+ & heal+ 7,m>k x4 #a-eb2 ,matt4 xix4 #a to xx4 #cd74 ,x is at ?is po9t t ,luke has ins]t$ ! long section peculi> to 8 gospel 7ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad71 becom+ aga9 p>allel ) ,m>k z ,jesus drew ne> to ,j]usalem 7xviii4 #ae to xix4 #bh2 comp>e ,m>k x4 #ac-eb74 ,mu* ( t :i* ,luke adds gives evid5ce t 9 all probability x %\ld be plac$ be=e ! *ange 9 me?od at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 :ile mu* ( x und\bt$ly belongs to ! la/ mon?s ( ,jesus' life4 ,s9ce ! la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem is report$ ) consid]able fulness1 x is natural 9 a /udy ( ,jesus' life to treat t j\rney by itself4 ,at ?is po9t ,john contributes important additions to ! record 7ix4 #a to xi4 #eg7 %[+ t ! j\rney 0 n cont9u\s1 b 0 int]rupt$ by sev]al m or less hurri$ visits to ! capital1 r5ew$ ef=ts ( ,jesus to w9 ! city4 #aaa4 ,) ! f9al arrival 9 ,j]usalem ! f\r gospels come toge!r 9 a record ( ! la/ days & ! crucifixion 7,m>k xi4 #a to xv4 #dg2 ,matt1 xxi #a to xxvii4 #ff2 ,luke xix4 #bi to xxiii4 #ef2 ,john xi4 #ee to xix4 #db74 ,! evangeli/s1 9 _! acc\nts ( ! la/ week1 seem to h _h access to complet] & m v>i$ in=mation ?an = any o!r "p ( ! m9i/ry4 ,?is causes "s difficulties 9 con/ruct+ an ord]$ conception ( ! ev5ts1 yet x greatly adds to ! fulness ( our k4 ,x is easi]1 !re=e1 to consid] ! p]iod 9 ?ree p>ts1--! f9al controv]sies 9 ,j]usalem1 ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & ! betrayal1 trial1 & crucifixion4 #aab4 ,9 a s5se ! resurrection & asc5sion =m ! conclusion ( ! f9al visit to ,j]usalem1 & %\ld be treat$ ) ! la/ week4 ,9 a l>g] s5se1 h[ev]1 !y =m ! culm9ation ( ! :ole m9i/ry1 & !re=e con/itute a f9al /age 9 ! /udy ( ,jesus' life4 ,at ?is po9t ! record ( ! gospels is supplem5t$ by ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,acts & by ,paul's concise report ( ! appe>ances ( ! ris5 ,*ri/ 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #c-h74 ,! v>i\s acc\nts exhibit p]plex+ indep5d5ce ( ea* o!r4 ,9 total impression1 h[ev]1 !y agree1 & %[ t ! trag$y1 by :i* ! enemies ( ,jesus ?\ght to end 8 c>e]1 0 turn$ into signal triumph4 ,outl9e ( ,ev5ts 9 ! ,e>ly ,judean ,m9i/ry ,! fir/ ,passov] ( ! public m9i/ry3 ,cleans+ ( ! temple--,john ii4 #ac-bb4 ,e>ly results 9 ,j]usalem3 ,disc\rse ) ,nicodemus--,john ii4 #bc to iii4 #ae4 ,)drawal into rural p>ts ( ,judea to prea* & baptize--,john 94 #bb-cj2 iv4 #a1 #b4 ,imprisonm5t ( ,john ! ,bapti/--,matt4 iv4 #ab2 ,m>k i4 #ad4 ,)drawal f ,judea ?r\gh ,sam>ia--,john iv4 #a-db4 ,unlook$-= welcome 9 ,galilee--,john iv4 #dc-de4 8 ,second sign at ,cana3 ,cure ( ! ,nobleman's son--,john iv4 #df-ed 7see sect4 ,a #da74 ,retirem5t at ,naz>e?1 ! disciples resum+ _! accu/om$ call+4 ,inf]r$ f ,matt4 iv4 #ac2 ,luke iv4 #ca2 ,matt4 iv4 #ah-bb & s4 ,ev5ts m>k$ 8 %\ld possibly be giv5 a diff]5t place2 s /&s = p>allel acc\nts2 = sections m>k$ ,a--z ,a #da--see ,app5dix4 ,,ii ,! ,e>ly ,m9i/ry 9 ,judea #aac4 ,we owe to ! f\r? gospel our k ( ! fact t ,jesus began 8 g5]al m9i/ry 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! sil5ce ( ! o!r records conc]n+ ?is beg9n+ _c discr$it ! te/imony ( ,john4 ,= ^! o!r records !mselves indicate 9 v>i\s ways t ,jesus _h repeat$ly s\ght to w9 ,j]usalem be=e 8 f9al visit at ! end ( 8 life 7comp>e ,luke xiii4 #cd2 ,matt4 xxiii4 #cg74 ,moreov]1 ! f\r? gospel is confirm$ by ! probability1 ris+ almo/ to necessity1 t su* a mission z ,jesus conceiv$ 8 to be mu/ seek fir/ to w9 ! lead]s ( 8 p4 ,! temple at ,j]usalem 0 ! c5tre ( wor%ip1 draw+ all ,jews soon] or lat] to itself--ev5 z ,jesus 9 e>ly y\? 0 accu/om$ to g ?i!r at ! "t ( fea/s 7,luke ii4 #da74 ,wor%ipp]s ( ,god ?r\gh\t ! _w pray$ ) _! faces t[>ds ,j]usalem 7,dan4 vi4 #aj74 ,moreov]1 at ,j]usalem ! *ief ( ! scribes1 z well z ! *ief ( ! prie/s1 7 to be f\nd4 ,comp>$ ) ,j]usalem all o!r places 7 prov9cial & ( small influ5ce4 ,a ,messiah1 :o _h n f ! outset giv5 up hope ( w9n+ ! capital1 _c h long delay$ 8 ef=t to f9d a foll[+ !re4 #aad4 ,arriv+ at ,j]usalem at ! ,passov] season1 9 ! e>ly spr+1 ,jesus rema9$ 9 ,judea until ! foll[+ ,decemb] 7,john iv4 #ce74 ,evid5tly ! record :i* ,john gives ( ^! mon?s is mo/ fragm5t>y1 & f 8 own /atem5t 7xx4 #cj1 #ca7 x seems highly probable t x is "o sid$1 emphasiz+ ^? ev5ts & tea*+s 9 :i* ,jesus disclos$ m or less cle>ly 8 claim to be ! ,messiah4 ,d\btless ! full record w\ld %[ a mu* clos] simil>ity betwe5 ?is e>ly "w 9 ,judea & t lat] conduct$ 9 ,galilee ?an a comp>ison ( ,john ) ! o!r gospels w\ld sugge/2 yet x is evid5t t ,jesus op5$ 8 m9i/ry 9 ,j]usalem ) an unre/ra9$ frankness t is n f\nd lat] 9 ,galilee4 #aae4 ,x is a mi/ake to ?9k ( ! cleans+ ( ! temple z a di/9ct ,messianic manife/o4 ,! m>ket 9 ! temple 0 a lic5s$ affront to spiritual religion4 ,x f\nd its excuse = be+ 9 ! requirem5t t wor%ipp]s (f] to ! prie/s = sacrifice animals levitically clean & acceptable1 & t gifts = ! temple treasury be made 9 no co9 o!r ?an ! sacr$ %ekel ( ! sanctu>y4 ,! *ief prie/s appreciat$ ! conv5i5ce :i* wor%ipp]s com+ f a di/ance w\ld f9d if !y c\ld obta9 all ! means ( wor%ip )9 ! temple enclosure itself4 ,! hi]>*y or its repres5tatives seem also to h appreciat$ ! opportunity to *>ge good prices = ! accommodation s af=d$4 ,! result 0 ! intrusion ( ! _s ( ! m>ket-place1 ) all its disputes & haggl+1 into ! place set ap>t = wor%ip4 ,9 fact1 ! only "p ( ! temple op5 to ,g5tiles :o might wi% to wor%ip ,israel's ,god 0 fill$ ) di/raction1 unseemly /rife1 & extortion 7comp>e ,m>k xi4 #ag74 ,su* despite done ! sanctity ( ,god's h\se mu/ h outrag$ ! pi\s s5se ( _m a dev\t ,israelite4 ,!re is no d\bt ( :at an ,isaiah or a ,micah w\ld h said & done 9 su* a situation4 ,?is is exactly :at ,jesus did4 ,8 act 0 ! assumption ( a full prophetic au?ority4 ,9 itself consid]$ x 0 no?+ m4 ,9 8 expulsion ( ! trad]s he _h ! consci5ce ( ! p = 8 ally4 ,!re is no ne$ to ?9k ( any use ( miracul\s p[]4 ,8 moral e>ne/ness1 c\pl$ ) ! und]ly+ consci\sness on ! "p ( ! trad]s !mselves t !y _h no bus9ess 9 ,god's h\se1 readily expla9s ! confusion & dep>ture ( ! intrud]s4 ,ev5 ^? :o *all5g$ ,jesus' conduct did n v5ture to def5d ! pres5ce ( ! m>ket 9 ! temple4 ,!y only dem&$ t ,jesus %[ 8 w>rant = di/urb+ a condition ( ?+s au?oriz$ by ! prie/s4 #aaf4 ,! temple cleans+ is record$ 9 ! o!r gospels at ! end ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 j be=e ! ho/ility ( ! ,jews culm9at$ 9 8 condemnation & dea?4 ,inasmu* z ^! gospels give no acc\nt ( a m9i/ry by ,jesus 9 ,j]usalem be=e ! la/ week ( 8 life1 x is easy to see h[ ?is ev5t came to be associat$ by !m ) ! only ,j]usalem soj\rn :i* !y record4 ,! def9ite place giv5 to ! ev5t 9 ,john1 toge!r ) ! seem+ necessity t ,jesus %\ld condemn su* au?oriz$ affront to ! v idea ( wor%ip1 m>k ?is cleans+ z ! inaugural act ( ,jesus' m9i/ry ( spiritual religion1 r ?an z a f9al /]n rebuke clos+ 8 ef=t to w9 8 p4 ,aga9/ ! conclusion commonly held t ,jesus cleans$ ! temple bo? at ! op5+ & at ! close ( 8 c\rse is ! extreme improbability t ! trad]s w\ld h be5 caught twice 9 ! same way4 ,! ev5t fits 9 closely ) ! /ory ( ! la/ week1 because x actually l$ to ! beg9n+ ( opposition 9 ,j]usalem to ! prophet f ,galilee4 ,at ! fir/ ! opposition 0 d\btless ( a scornful sort4 ,lat] x grew 9 bitt]ness :5 x saw h[ ,jesus 0 able to ar\se a popul> en?usiasm t seem$ to ?reat5 ! /ability ( exi/+ conditions4 #aag4 ,! reply ( ,jesus to ! *all5ge ( 8 au?ority = 8 high-h&$ act %[s t he (f]$ x to ! p z an invitation2 he w\ld lead !m to a high] idea & practice ( wor%ip 7comp>e ,john iv4 #ba-bd74 ,:5 !y dem&$ ! w>rant = 8 act1 he saw t !y 7 n ready to foll[ him1 & c\ld n appreciate ! only w>rant he ne$$ = 8 c\rse4 ,he cleans$ ! temple because !y 7 de/roy+ x z a place :]e m5 c\ld wor%ip ,god 9 _s4 ,9 reply to ! *all5ge1 he :o lat] taught ! ,sam>itan woman t ! wor%ip ( ,god is n dep5d5t on any place h[ev] sacr$1 answ]$ t !y might f9i% _! "w & de/roy ! temple z a h\se ( ,god1 yet he w\ld spe$ily re-e/abli% a true means ( approa* to ! ,mo/ ,high = ! s\ls ( m54 ,he clo!d 8 reply 9 a figurative dress1 z he 0 (t5 wont to d 9 8 tea*+1--,de/roy ?is temple1 & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x up4 ,to 8 unsympa!tic he>]s x mu/ h be5 completely enigmatic4 ,ev5 ! disciples did n cat* its mean+ until aft] ! resurrection _h taught !m t 9 _! ,ma/] a new *apt] 9 ,god's deal+ ) m5 _h begun4 #aah4 ,! unread9ess ( ! ,jewi% lead]s to receive ! only k9d ( message he _h to (f] produc$ 9 ,jesus a decid$ res]ve4 ,he did n lack a c]ta9 k9d ( success 9 ,j]usalem4 ,8 cures ( ! sick won him _m foll[]s :o seem$ ready to believe almo/ any?+ ( him4 ,b ! attitude tak5 by ! lead]s made x evid5t t ,jesus mu/ make disciples :o %\ld und]/& 9 "s measure at lea/ 8 idea ( ,god's k+dom1 &1 und]/&+1 mu/ be ready to be loyal to x ?r\gh good report & evil4 ,= ! position tak5 by ! lead]s ( ! p _h an om9\s significance4 ,x c\ld mean b "o ?+ = ,jesus1--unrel5t+ conflict4 ,if !y c\ld n be won1 !y :o w\ld s legalize ! desecration ( ,god's h\se w\ld n hesitate at any extreme 9 oppos+ 8 mess5g]4 ,?is possibility confront$ ,jesus at ! v outset2 !re=e he held ! popul> en?usiasm 9 *eck1 kn[+ t z yet x _h little ( t k9d ( fai? :i* c\ld endure seem+ defeat4 #aai4 ,"o ( ^? :o 7 drawn to him1 h[ev]1 gave ,jesus opportunity to lay aside 8 res]ve & speak cle>ly ( ! tru? lie came to publi%4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,jewi% sanh$r91 a rabbi app>5tly held 9 high reg>d 9 ,j]usalem4 ,:ile 8 associates 7 dismiss+ ! claims ( ,jesus ) a wave ( ! h&1 ,nicodemus s\ght out ! new tea*] by night1 & %[$ 8 desire to le>n :at ,jesus held to be tru? conc]n+ ,god's k+dom4 ,jesus fir/ rem9d$ ! tea*] ( ,israel ( ! old doctr9e ( ! prophets1 t ,israel mu/ f9d a new he>t be=e ,god's k+dom c come 7,j]4 xxxi4 #ca-cd2 ,ezek4 xxxvi4 #be-bg71 & !n decl>$ t ! heav5ly tru? :i* ,god n[ w\ld reveal to m5 is t all c h ! ne$$ new life z freely z ! plague-/rick5 ,israelites f\nd relief :5 ,moses lift$ up ! braz5 s]p5t4 ,?is conv]sation s]ves to introduce ! evangeli/'s int]pretation ( ,jesus z ! only begott5 ,son ( ,god s5t 9 love to r$eem ! _w 7,john iii4 #af-ba74 #abj4 ,john's record sugge/s t ,jesus left ,j]usalem %ortly aft] ! conv]sation ) ,nicodemus4 ,8 "w !re 0 n )\t success1 = ,nicodemus seems to h be5 h5ce=? 8 loyal advocate 7comp>e ,john vii4 #ej-eb2 xix4 #ci72 & x may be t at ! "t ( ?is soj\rn he won ! he>ts ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,be?any1 = ! fir/ picture ! gospels give ( ?is h\sehold seems to presuppose a some:at intimate relation ( ,jesus to ! family 7,luke x4 #ch-db74 ,x w\ld be idle to speculate :e!r x 0 at ?is "t or lat] t he became acqua9t$ ) ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 or ! fri5ds :o dur+ ! la/ week ( 8 life %[$ him hospitality 7,m>k xi4 #b-f2 xiv4 #ab-af74 #aba4 ,= a "t aft] 8 )drawal f ,j]usalem he l+]$ 9 ,judea1 c>ry+ on a simple m9i/ry ( prep>ation l t ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,9 ?is way ! summ] & e>ly autumn seem to h pass$1 ,jesus gr[+ m popul> z a prophet ?an ,john himself _h be54 ,! fact t ,jesus' disciples adm9i/]$ baptism 9 connection ) 8 "w r\s$ ! jeal\sy ( "s ( ,john's foll[]s1 & attract$ aga9 ! att5tion ( ,j]usalem to ! new activity ( ! bold di/urb] ( ! temple m>ket4 ,john's disciples compla9$ to him ( ,jesus' rivalry1 & receiv$ 8 self-effac+ confession1 ,he mu/ increase1 ,i mu/ decrease4 ,! ,ph>isees1 on ! o!r h&1 made ,jesus feel t fur!r "w 9 ,judea 0 = ! "t unwise1 & he )drew into ,galilee = retirem5t1 s9ce a prophet has no honor 9 8 own c\ntry 7,john iv4 #a-c1 #dd74 ,baffl$ 9 8 fir/ ef=t to w9 8 p1 ?is j\rney back f ! region ( ! holy city mu/ h be5 "o ( no little sadness = ,jesus4 ,"s urg5cy = ha/e l$ him by ! direct road ?r\gh despis$ ,sam>ia4 ,a seem+ly *ance conv]sation ) a woman at ,jacob's well1 :]e he 0 re/+ at noonday1 gave him an opportunity = m9i/ry :i* 0 m +5u\sly receiv$ ?an any :i* he _h be5 able to r5d] 9 ,judea2 & to ?is woman he decl>$ himself ev5 m pla9ly ?an to ,nicodemus1 & prea*$ to h] t spiritual idea ( wor%ip :i* he _h s\ght to en=ce by cleans+ ,j]usalem's temple4 ,sam>ia 0 s isolat$ f all ,jewi% int]e/ t ,jesus felt no ne$ = res]ve 9 ?is /range l&4 ,! few days sp5t !re mu/ h be5 peculi>ly welcome to 8 he>t1 fre% f rejection 9 ,judea4 #abb4 ,"o reason :y he wi%$ to ha/5 f ,judea seems to h be5 8 k ( ! ho/ile movem5t :i* 0 mak+ aga9/ ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,ei!r be=e or soon aft] ,jesus />t$ = ,galilee ,h]od _h arre/$ ,john1 o/5sibly z a measure ( public safety ow+ to ,john's undue popul>ity 7,jos4 ,ant4 xviii4 #e4 #b74 ,h]od may h be5 enc\rag$ to take ?is /ep by ! ho/ility ( ! ,ph>isees to ! pla9-spok5 prophet ( ! des]t 7see ,john iv4 #a-c74 ,! f\r? gospel leaves its read]s to inf] t ! imprisonm5t took place some:]e ab\t ?is "t 7comp>e iii4 #bd & v4 #ce71 :ile ! o!r gospels unite 9 giv+ ?is arre/ z ! occasion = ,jesus' )drawal into ,galilee4 #abc4 ,arriv$ 9 ,galilee1 ,jesus seems to h return$ to 8 home at ,naz>e?1 :ile 8 disciples w5t back to _! cu/om>y occupations1 until he summon$ !m aga9 to jo9 him 9 a new m9i/ry 7see sect4 #abe74 ,john assigns to ?is "t ! cure ( a nobleman's son4 ,! fa!r s\ght out ,jesus at ,cana1 hav+ left 8 son sick at ,cap]naum4 ,at fir/ ,jesus app>5tly repell$ 8 approa*1 ev5 z he _h dealt ) seek]s aft] m>vels at ,j]usalem2 b on he>+ ! fa!r's cry ( ne$ & tru/1 he at once spoke ! ^w ( heal+4 ,?is ev5t is 9 s _m ways a duplicate ( ! cure ( a c5turion's s]vant record$ 9 ,mat!w & ,luke1 t to _m x seems b ano!r v]sion ( ! same incid5t4 ,consid]+ ! v>iations 9 ! /ory report$ by ,mat!w & ,luke1 x is cle>ly n possible to prove t ,john tells ( a diff]5t case4 ,yet ! simple fact ( simil>ity ( "s details 9 two ev5ts %\ld n exclude ! possibility ( _! /ill be+ q di/9ct4 ,! reception :i* ,jesus gave ! two reque/s = help is v diff]5t1 & ! case report$ 9 ,john is 9 keep+ ) ! attitude ( ,jesus be=e he began 8 new m9i/ry 9 ,galilee4 ,on 8 arrival 9 ,galilee he wi%$ to avoid a m]e wond] fai? begott5 ( ! en?usiasm he excit$ 9 ,j]usalem1 yet ?is wi% yield$ at once :5 a g5u9e ne$ s\ght relief at 8 h&s4 #abd4 ,! app>5t result ( ?is fir/ activity 9 ,judea 0 disappo9tm5t & failure4 ,he _h won no consid]able foll[+ 9 ! capital4 ,he _h def9itely excit$ ! jeal\sy & opposition ( ! lead+ m5 ( 8 nation4 ,ev5 su* popul> en?usiasm z _h foll[$ 8 mighty works 0 ( a sort t ,jesus c\ld n enc\rage4 ,! situation 9 ,judea _h at l5g? become s ne>ly unt5able t he decid$ to )draw into seclusion 9 ,galilee1 :]e1 z a prophet1 he c\ld be )\t honor4 ,he _h gone to ,j]usalem eag] to beg9 !re1 :]e ,god %\ld h _h readie/ s]vice1 ! m9i/ry ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,*all5ge1 cold criticism1 & sup]ficial fai? 7 ! results4 ,a new beg9n+ mu/ be made on o!r l9es 9 o!r places4 ,mean:ile ,jesus retir$ to 8 home & 8 foll[]s to !irs4 ,outl9e ( ,ev5ts 9 ! ,galilean ,m9i/ry 7,*apt]s ,,iii4 ,& ,,iv47 ,! imprisonm5t ( ,john & ! )drawal ( ,jesus into ,galilee--,matt4 iv4 #ab-ag2 ,m>k i4 #ad1 #ae2 ,luke iv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,removal f ,naz>e? to ,cap]naum--,matt4 iv4 #ac-af2 ,luke iv4 #ca4 ,! call ( ,simon & ,&rew1 ,james & ,john--,matt4 iv4 #ah-bb2 ,m>k i4 #af-bj2 ,luke v4 #a-aa4 ,fir/ "w 9 ,cap]naum--,matt4 viii4 #ad-ag2 ,m>k i4 #ba-cd2 ,luke iv4 #ca-da4 ,fir/ circuit ( ,galilee--,matt4 iv4 #bc2 viii4 #b-d2 ,m>k i4 #ce-de2 ,luke iv4 #db-dd2 v4 #ab-af4 ,cure ( a p>alytic 9 ,cap]naum--,matt4 ix4 #b-h2 ,m>k ii4 #a-ab2 ,luke v4 #ag-bf4 ,! call ( ,mat!w--,matt4 ix4 #i-ac2 ,m>k ii4 #ac-ag2 ,luke v4 #bg-cb4 8 ,! "q ab\t fa/+--,matt ix4 #ad-ag2 ,m>k ii4 #ah-bb2 ,luke v4 #cc-ci 7see sects4 #dg2 ,a #ed74 8 ,sabba? cure at ,j]usalem at ! unnam$ fea/--,john v4 #a-dg 7see sect4 ,a #ec74 8 ,! ,sabba? controv]sy 9 ! ,galilean gra9 fields--,matt4 xii4 #a-h2 ,m>k ii4 #bc-bh2 ,luke vi4 #a-e 7see sects4 #dg2 ,a #ed74 8 ,ano!r ,sabba? controv]sy3 cure ( a )]$ h&--,matt4 xii4 #i-ad2 ,m>k iii4 #a-f2 ,luke vi4 #f-aa 7see sects4 #dg2 ,a #ed74 ,jesus foll[$ by multitudes f all p>ts--,matt4 iv4 #bc-be2 xii4 #ae-ba2 ,m>k iii4 #g-ab2 ,luke vi4 #ag-ai4 ,! *oos+ ( ! twelve--,matt4 x4 #b-d2 ,m>k iii4 #ac-ai2 ,luke vi4 #ab-ai4 ,! s]mon on ! m\nt--,matt4 v4 #a to viii4 #a2 ,luke vi4 #bj to vii4 #a 7see sect4 ,a #ee74 ,! cure ( a c5turion's s]vant--,matt4 viii4 #e-ac2 ,luke vii4 #a-aj2 ,john iv4 #df-ed4 ,! re/oration ( ! wid['s son at ,na9--,luke vii4 #aa-ag4 ,! message f ,john 9 prison--,matt4 xi4 #b-ai2 ,luke vii4 #ah-ce4 ,! ano9t+ ( ,jesus by a s9ful woman--,luke vii4 #cf-ej4 ,! companions ( ,jesus on 8 second circuit ( ,galilee--,luke viii4 #a-c4 ,cure ( a demoniac 9 ,cap]naum & blasphemy by ! ,ph>isees--,matt4 xii4 #bb-de2 ,m>k iii4 #ai;a-#cj2 ,luke xi4 #ad-cf4 ,! true k9dr$ ( ,jesus--,matt4 xii4 #df-ej2 ,m>k iii4 #ca-ce2 ,luke viii4 #ai-ba4 ,! p>ables by ! sea--,matt4 xiii4 #a-ec2 ,m>k iv4 #a-cd2 ,luke viii4 #d-ah 7see sect4 ,a #ef74 ,! tempe/ /ill$--,matt4 viii4 #ah1 #bc-bg2 ,m>k iv4 #ce-da2 ,luke viii4 #bb-be4 ,cure ( ! ,gad>5e demoniac--,matt4 viii4 #bh-cd2 ,m>k v4 #a-bj2 ,luke viii4 #bf-ci4 ,! re/oration ( ! daught] ( ,jairus & cure ( an invalid woman--,matt4 ix4 #a1 #ah-bf2 ,m>k v4 #ba-dc2 ,luke viii4 #dj-ef4 ,cure ( bl9d & dumb--,matt4 ix4 #bg-cd4 ,rejection at ,naz>e?--,matt4 xiii4 #ed-eh2 ,m>k vi4 #a-f;a2 ,luke iv4 #af-cj 7see sect4 ,a #eb74 ,?ird circuit ( ,galilee--,matt4 ix4 #ce2 ,m>k vi4 #f;b4 ,! mission ( ! twelve--,matt4 ix4 #cf to xi4 #a2 ,m>k vi4 #g-ac2 ,luke ix4 #a-f 7see sect4 ,a #eg74 ,! dea? ( ,john ! ,bapti/--,matt4 xiv4 #a-ab2 ,m>k vi4 #ad-bi2 ,luke ix4 #g-i4 ,)drawal ( ,jesus across ! sea & fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&--,matt4 xiv4 #ac-bc2 ,m>k vi4 #cj-df2 ,luke ix4 #aj-ag2 ,john vi4 #a-ae4 ,return to ,cap]naum1 ,jesus walk+ on ! wat]--,matt4 xiv4 #bd-cf2 ,m>k vi4 #dg-ef2 ,john vi4 #af-ba4 ,tea*+ ab\t ! ,bread ( ,life 9 ! synagogue at ,cap]naum--,john vi4 #bb-ga 7see sect4 ,a #ei74 ,controv]sy conc]n+ tradition3 h&wa%+1 etc4--,matt4 xv4 #a-bj2 ,m>k vii4 #a-bc4 ,)drawal to regions ( ,tyre & ,sidon3 ! ,syrophnician woman's daught]--,matt4 xv4 #ba-bh2 ,m>k vii4 #bd-cj4 ,return ?r\gh ,decapolis--,matt4 xv4 #bi-ca2 ,m>k vii4 #ca-cg4 8 ,! fe$+ ( ! f\r ?\s&--,matt4 xv4 #cb-ch2 ,m>k viii4 #a-i 7see sect4 ,a #eh74 ,ph>isaic *all5ge 9 ,galilee1 & w>n+ aga9/ ! leav5 ( ! ,ph>isees--,matt xv4 #ci to xvi4 #ab2 ,m>k viii4 #aj-ba4 ,cure ( bl9d man ne> ,be?saida--,m>k viii4 #bb-bf4 ,pet]'s confession ( ,jesus z ,*ri/ ne> ,cs>ea ,philippi--,matt4 xvi4 #ac-bj2 ,m>k viii4 #bg-cj2 ,luke ix4 #ah-ba4 ,! new lesson1 t ! ,*ri/ mu/ die--,matt4 xvi4 #ba-bh2 ,m>k viii4 #ca to ix4 #a2 ,luke ix4 #bb-bg4 ,! transfiguration--,matt4 xvii4 #a-ac2 ,m>k ix4 #b-ac2 ,luke ix4 #bh-cf4 ,cure ( ! epileptic boy--,matt4 xvii4 #ad-bj2 ,m>k ix4 #ad-bi2 ,luke ix4 #cg-dc;a4 ,second pr$iction ( approa*+ dea? & resurrection--,matt4 xvii4 #bb1 #bc2 ,m>k ix4 #cj-cb2 ,luke ix4 #dc;b-#de4 ,return to ,cap]naum3 ! temple tax--,matt4 xvii4 #bd-bg2 ,m>k ix4 #cc;a4 ,tea*+s conc]n+ humility & =giv5ess--,matt4 xviii4 #a-ce2 ,m>k ix4 #cc-ej2 ,luke ix4 #df-ej4 ,visit ( ,jesus to ,j]usalem at ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles--,john vii4 #a-eb2 viii4 #ab-ei 7see sect4 ,a #fj74 8 ,! woman tak5 9 adult]y--,john vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa 7see sect4 #afc74 ,! foll[+ probably belong to ! ,galilean m9i/ry be=e ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi 7see sect4 #afh73-- ,! disciples taught to pray--,matt4 vi4 #i-ae2 vii4 #g-aa2 ,luke xi4 #a-ac4 ,! cure ( an infirm woman on ! ,sabba?--,luke xiii4 #aj-ag4 ,two p>ables3 mu/>d-se$ & leav5--,matt4 xiii4 #ca-cc2 ,luke xiii4 #ah-ba 7see sect4 ,a #ef74 ,! p>able ( ! ri* fool--,luke xii4 #ac-ba4 ,cure on a ,sabba? & tea*+ at a ,ph>isee's table--,luke xiv4 #a-bd4 ,five p>ables--,luke xv4 #a to xvi4 #ca4 ,c]ta9 disconnect$ tea*+s--,luke xvii4 #a-d4 ,,iii ,! ,m9i/ry ,9 ,galilee--its ,aim ,& ,me?od #abe4 ,! "w ( ,jesus 9 ,galilee1 :i* is ! pr9cipal !me ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 began ) a removal f ,naz>e? to ,cap]naum1 & ! call+ ( f\r fi%]m5 to be 8 con/ant foll[]s4 ,! ready ob$i5ce :i* ,simon & ,&rew & ,james & ,john gave to ?is call is an int]e/+ evid5ce t !y did n fir/ come to "k ,jesus at ! "t ( ?is summons4 ,! n>rative presupposes "s su* e>li] association z is report$ 9 ,john1 foll[$ by a tempor>y return to _! old homes & occupations1 :ile ,jesus s\ght seclusion aft] 8 "w 9 ,judea4 ,! fir/ evangeli/ has mo/ vividly indicat$ ! developm5t ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry1 direct+ att5tion to two po9ts ( beg9n+1--! beg9n+ ( ,jesus' prea*+ ( ! k+dom 7,matt4 iv4 #ag7 & ! beg9n+ ( 8 pr$ictions ( 8 own suff]+s & dea? 7xvi4 #ba74 ,betwe5 ^! two beg9n+s lies ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus to ! en?usia/ic multitudes1 ! second ( !m m>k+ 8 *oice ( a m re/rict$ audi5ce & a less popul> message4 ,)9 ! fir/ ( ^! p]iods two ev5ts m>k epo*s1--! mission ( ! twelve 7,matt4 ix4 #cf2 x4 ,i7 to prea* ! com+ k+dom ( ,god & to multiply ,jesus' m9i/ry ( heal+1 & ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s& :5 ! popul> en?usiasm rea*$ its climax 7,john vi4 #ad1 #ae74 ,^! ev5ts fall n f> ap>t1 & m>k two diff]5t phases ( ! same /age ( developm5t 9 8 "w4 ,! fir/ is emphasiz$ by ,mat!w1 ! second by ,john2 bo? help to a cle>] und]/&+ ( ! n>rative :i* ,m>k has furni%$ to ! o!r gospels = _! /ory ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,! table at ! head ( ?is *apt] indicates 9 outl9e ! probable succession ( ev5ts 9 ! ,galilean p]iod4 ,! ord] adopt$ is t ( ,m>k1 supplem5t$ by ! o!r gospels4 ,luke's additions are ins]t$ 9 8 ord] :]e !re is n "s reason = believ+ t he himself disreg>d$ ! exact sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,?us ! rejection at ,naz>e? is plac$ late1 z 9 ,m>k4 ,mu* ( ! mat]ial 9 ! long section peculi> to ,luke is assign$ 9 g5]al to ?is ,galilean p]iod1 s9ce all k ( its precise location 9 "t & place has be5 lo/ = u1 z x n unlikely 0 = ,luke4 ,al?\gh ,mat!w is ! gospel giv+ ! cle>e/ g5]al view ( ! ,galilean "w1 x %[s ! greate/ dis>rangem5t ( details1 & aids b little 9 det]m9+ ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,! mat]ial f t gospel is assign$ place 9 accordance ) su* h9ts z are discov]able 9 p>allel or associat$ p>ts ( ,m>k or ,luke4 ,( ,john's contributions "o--! fe$+ ( ! multitudes--is cle>ly locat$ by its id5tity ) a n>rative f\nd 9 all ! o!r gospels4 ,! visit to ,j]usalem at ! unnam$ fea/ c be only t5tatively plac$4 #abf4 ,view+ ?is gospel /ory z a :ole1 ! p>allel developm5t ( popul> en?usiasm & (ficial ho/ility at once attracts att5tion4 ,jesus' fir/ cures 9 ! synagogue at ,cap]naum r\s$ ! int]e/ & wond] ( ! multitudes to su* an ext5t t he felt con/ra9$ to )draw to o!r t[ns4 ,on 8 return to ,cap]naum he 0 s beset ) cr[ds t ! fri5ds ( ! p>alytic c\ld get at him only by break+ up ! ro(4 ,x 0 :5 ,jesus f\nd himself foll[$ by multitudes f all p>ts ( ! l& t he select$ twelve ( 8 disciples t !y might be ) him & t he might s5d !m =? to prea*1 & address$ to !m 9 ! he>+ ( ! multitudes ! exact+1 al?\gh unspeakably w9some tea*+ ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt4 ,?is condition ( ?+s cont9u$ ev5 aft] ,h]od _h kill$ ,john ! ,bapti/1 = :5 ,jesus1 hav+ he>d ( ,john's fate1 s\ght retirem5t ) 8 disciples across ! sea ( ,galilee1 he 0 robb$ ( 8 seclusion by ?rongs :o flock$ to him to be heal$ & to he> ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 #abg4 ,! popul> en?usiasm 0 n indiff]5t to ! "q :o ?is new tea*] might be4 ,at fir/ ,jesus impress$ ! p by 8 au?oritative tea*+ & cures4 ,aft] ! rais+ ( ! wid['s son at ,na9 ! popul> feel+ f\nd a m def9ite decl>ation1--a great prophet has ris5 up among u4 ,! cure ( a demoniac 9 ,cap]naum rais$ ! fur!r incr$ul\s qu]y1 ,c ?is be ! ,son ( ,david8 ,! notion t he might be ! ,messiah seems to h ga9$ acceptance m & m z ,jesus' popul>ity grew1 = at ! "t ( ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes ! en?usiasm bur/ into a flame ( det]m9ation to =ce him to und]take ! "w = :i* he 0 s em95tly fitt$1 b f :i* = "s inexplicable reason he seem$ to %r9k 7,john vi4 #ae74 #abh4 ,p>allel ) ! gr[? ( popul> en?usiasm1 & 9 "p because ( x1 ! religi\s lead]s e>ly assum$ & consi/5tly ma9ta9$ an attitude ( opposition4 ,! gospels connect ! critics ( ,jesus n[ & aga9 ) ! ,ph>isees ( ! capital--! ,galilean ,ph>isees be+ repres5t$ z m or less fri5dly4 ,at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,jesus 9 ,cap]naum ev5 ! ,sabba? cure 9 ! synagogue pass$ un*all5g$2 b on ! return f 8 fir/ excursion to o!r t[ns1 ,jesus f\nd critics 9 8 audi5ce 7,luke connects !m directly ) ,j]usalem74 ,f "t to "t su* c5sors z ^! object$ to ! =giv5ess by ,jesus ( ! s9s ( ! p>alytic 7,m>k ii4 #f1 #g71 criticis$ 8 social relations ) outca/s l ! publicans 7,m>k ii4 #af71 took (f5ce at 8 c>elessness ( ! ,sabba? tradition 9 8 in/ruction ( 8 disciples 7,m>k ii4 #bd71 & s\ght to turn ! tide ( ris+ popul> en?usiasm by ascrib+ 8 p[] to cure to a league ) ! devil 7,m>k iii4 #bb74 ,baffl$ 9 "o *>ge1 !y w\ld turn to ano!r1 until1 aft] ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes1 ,jesus %[$ 8 complete disreg>d ( all !y held mo/ de>1 reply+ to a criticism ( 8 disciples = c>elessness ( ! ritual ( h&-wa%+ by an au?oritative sett+ aside ( ! :ole body ( _! traditions1 z well z ( ! ,levitical c]emonial ( clean & unclean meats 7,m>k vii4 #a-bc74 #abi4 ,! wond] is1 n t popul> en?usiasm = ,jesus 0 great1 b t x 0 s hesitat+ 9 its judgm5t ab\t him4 ,! prov9ce :i* provid$ a foll[+ to ,judas ( ,galilee a g5]ation e>li] ?an ! public m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 & :i* "u ,john ( ,gis*ala furni%$ ! *ief support to ! revolt aga9/ ,rome a g5]ation lat]1 c\ld h be5 excit$ to uncontrollable passion by ! simple idea t a lead] 0 pres5t :o c\ld be made to head a movem5t = ,jewi% lib]ty4 ,b !re 0 some?+ ab\t ,jesus :i* made x impossible to ?9k ( him z su* a ,messiah4 ,he 0 mu* m mov$ by s9 lurk+ )9 ?an by wrong inflict$ f )\t4 ,he look$ = ,god's k+dom1 z did ! ,zealots1 b he look$ = x )9 ! he>t m ?an 9 outw>d circum/ances4 ,ev5 ! dream]s among ! p1 :o 7 z unready z ,jesus = any upris+ aga9/ ,rome1 & :o wait$ = ,god to %[ 8 own h& 9 judgm5t1 f\nd 9 ,jesus--come to seek & to save t :i* 0 lo/--some?+ s contradictory ( _! idea ( ! cele/ial judge t !y c\ld n easily ?9k ( him z a ,messiah4 ,jesus 0 a puzzle to ! p4 ,!y 7 sure t he 0 a prophet2 b if at any "t "s 7 tempt$ to qu]y1 ,c ?is be ! ,son ( ,david8 ! incr$ul\s folk expect$ ev] a negative reply4 #acj4 ,?is 0 z ,jesus wi%$ x to be4 ,an unreason+ en?usiasm c\ld only h9d] 8 "w4 ,:5 8 e>ly cures 9 ,cap]naum /irr$ ! ard5t feel+s ( ! multitudes1 he took occasion to )draw to o!r t[ns & all[ popul> feel+ to cool4 ,:5 lat] he f\nd himself press$ ^u by cr[ds f all qu>t]s ( ! l&1 by ! s]mon on ! m\nt he set !m ?9k+ on /range & highly spiritual ?+s1 f> remov$ f ! ?\ghts ( ,zealots & apocalyptic dream]s4 #aca4 ,! manife/ contradiction ( popul> ,messianic ideas :i* ,jesus pres5t$ 9 8 own p]son usually s]v$ to *eck undue ardor z long z he 0 pres5t4 ,b :5 "s demoniac proclaim$ ! high /ation ( ,jesus1 & ?us seem$ to ! p to give sup]natural te/imony2 or :5 "s "o 9 ne$ s\ght him ap>t f ! multitudes1 ,jesus frequ5tly enjo9$ sil5ce4 ,^! injunctions ( sil5ce are enigmas until !y are view$ z a "p ( ,jesus' ef=t to keep control ( popul> feel+4 ,9 8 abs5ce ! p might dwell on 8 p[] & easily come to imag9e him to be :at he 0 n & c\ld n be4 ,jesus 0 able by ^! means to re/ra9 un?9k+ en?usiasm until ! multitudes :om he f$ on ! ea/ side ( ! sea det]m9$ to =ce him to d _! w z a ,messiah4 ,!n he refus$ to foll[ :]e !y call$1 & t happ5$ :i* w\ld d\btless h happ5$ at an e>li] "t b = ,jesus' caution1--! popul> en?usiasm subsid$1 & 8 active "w ) ! common p 0 at an end4 ,b he _h held (f ?is crisis until !re 7 a few :o did n foll[ ! popul> defection1 b r clung to him f :om !y _h he>d ! words ( et]nal life 7,john vi4 #fh74 #acb4 ,jesus' caution br+s to light "o aspect ( 8 aim 9 ! ,galilean m9i/ry1--he s\ght to w9 acceptance = ! tru? he proclaim$4 ,8 message z report$ 9 ! synoptic gospels 0 ! ne> approa* ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,any su* proclamation 0 sure ( eag] he>+4 ,at fir/ he seems to h be5 cont5t to ga!r & int]e/ ! multitudes by ?is prea*+ & ! works :i* accompani$ x4 ,b he e>ly took occasion to /ate 8 ideas 9 ! he>+ ( ! multitudes1 & 9 t]ms s simple1 s conc]n$ ) e-day life1 s exact+ z respects conduct1 & s lack+ 9 ! cu/om>y gl[+ picture ( ! future1 t ! p c\ld n mi/ake su* a tea*] = a simple fulfill] ( _! ideas4 ,9 ?is e>ly s]mon 9 effect1 & lat] ) increas+ pla9ness1 he set =? 8 doctr9e ( a k+dom ( heav5 com+ n ) obs]vation1 pres5t actually among a p :o knew x n1 l a se$ gr[+ secretly 9 ! e>?1 or leav5 quietly leav5+ a lump ( meal4 ,by ^w & de$1 9 s]mon & by p>able1 he insi/$ on ?is simple & e-day conception ( ,god's rule among m54 ,) ,ph>isee1 ,zealot1 & dream]1 he held t ! be/ is yet to be1 yet all ?ree classes f\nd _! mo/ *]i%$ ideals set at n\ght by ! new *ampion ( ! s\l's inn] life 9 fell[%ip ) ! liv+ ,god4 ,9 all 8 tea*+ !re 0 a claim ( au?ority & a manife/ indep5d5ce :i* indicate c]ta9ty on 8 "p conc]n+ 8 own mission4 ,yet s completely is ! p]sonal "q retir$ = ! "t1 t 9 8 rebuke ( ! blasphemy ( ! ,ph>isees he took pa9s to decl>e t x 0 n because !y _h spok5 aga9/ ! ,son ( ,man1 t !y 7 9 dang]1 b because !y _h spok5 aga9/ ! ,_s ( ,god1 ^: pres5ce 0 manife/ 9 8 works4 ,he wi%$1 prim>ily1 to w9 disciples to ! k+dom ( ,god4 #acc4 ,yet ,jesus 0 n indiff]5t 9 ,galilee to :at ! p ?\ght ab\t himself4 ,! "q at ,cs>ea ,philippi %[s m fully ! aim ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,dur+ all ! p]iod ( ! prea*+ ( ! k+dom he nev] hesitat$ to ass]t himself :5ev] ne$ = su* self-ass]tion arose4 ,?is 0 evid5t 9 8 deal+ ) 8 ph>isaic critics4 ,he r>ely argu$ ) !m1 & always assum$ a tone ( au?ority :i* 0 above *all5ge1 ass]t+ t ! ,son ( ,man _h au?ority to =give s9s1 0 "l ( ! ,sabba?1 0 great] ?an ! temple or ,jonah or ,solomon4 ,moreov]1 9 8 positive tea*+ ( ! new tru? he assum$ su* an au?oritative tone t any :o ?\ght ^u x c\ld b rem>k ! extraord9>y claim involv$ 9 8 simple ,i say unto y4 ,he wi%$ also to w9 disciples to himself4 #acd4 ,! key to ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee is furni%$ 9 ,jesus' answ] to ! message f ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,john 9 prison _h he>d ( ! works ( 8 successor4 ,jesus did s mu* t promis$ a fulfilm5t ( ! ,messianic hope1 yet left s mu* undone1 contradict+ 9 s _m ways ! curr5t idea ( a ,messiah by 8 /udi$ avoidance ( any demon/ration1 t ! old] prophet felt a mom5t>y d\bt ( ! correctness ( 8 e>li] conviction4 ,x is 9 no way /range t he exp]i5c$ a reaction f t exalt$ mom5t ( insight :5 he po9t$ out ,jesus z ! ,lamb ( ,god1 p>ticul>ly aft] 8 re/less activity _h be5 cag$ )9 ! walls ( 8 prison4 ,jesus %[$ t he did n c\nt x /range1 by 8 treatm5t ( ,john's quese/ion & by 8 words ab\t ,john aft] ! mess5g]s _h gone4 ,yet 9 8 reply he g5tly sugge/$ t ! "q already _h its answ] if ,john w\ld b look rightly = x4 ,he simply ref]r$ to ! ?+s t 7 be+ done be=e ! eyes ( all1 & ask$ ,john to =m f !m a conclusion conc]n+ him :o did !m4 ,"o aid he (f]$ to ! imprison$ prophet1--a ^w f ! ,book ( ,isaiah 7xxxv4 #e;f41 lxi4 #a;f471--& add$ a bless+ = su* z %\ld f9d no?+ to /umble at 9 him4 ,"h ,jesus emphasiz$ 8 works1 & all[$ 8 message to speak = itself2 b he frankly indicat$ t he expect$ p to pass f wond] at 8 m9i/ry to an op9ion ab\t himself4 ,at ,cs>ea ,philippi he %[$ to 8 disciples t ?is op9ion ab\t himself 0 ! significant ?+ 9 8 eyes4 ,?r\gh\t ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee1 !re=e1 ?is tw(old aim appe>s4 ,jesus w\ld fir/ div]t att5tion f himself to 8 message1 9 ord] t he might w9 disciples to ! k+dom ( ,god z he conceiv$ x4 ,hav+ s atta*$ !m to 8 idea ( ! k+dom1 he desir$ to be recogniz$ z t k+dom's pr9ce1 ! ,messiah promis$ by ,god = 8 p4 ,he retir$ beh9d 8 message 9 ord] t m5 might be drawn to ! tru? :i* he held de>1 kn[+ t ?us !y w\ld f9d !mselves l$ captive to himself 9 a will+ devotion4 #ace4 ,?is aim expla9s 8 retirem5t :5 popul>ity press$1 8 exact+ tea*+ ab\t ! spirituality ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 injunctions ( sil5ce4 ,he wi%$ to be kn[n1 to be ?\ght ab\t1 to be accept$ z ,god's ano9t$1 b he w\ld h ?is only by a g5u9e surr5d] to 8 lead]%ip4 ,8 disciples mu/ own him ma/] & foll[ him1 h[ev] mu* he might disappo9t _! misconceptions4 ,?is aim1 too1 expla9s 8 frank self-ass]tions & exalt$ p]sonal claims 9 opposition to (ficial criticism4 ,he w\ld n be false to 8 own s5se ( ma/]hood1 nor all[ p to ?9k him bold :5 8 critics 7 away1 & c[>dly 9 _! pres5ce4 ,!re=e1 :5 ne$ful1 he invit$ att5tion to himself z great] ?an ! temple or z "l ( ! ,sabba?4 ,?is k9d ( self-ass]tion1 h[ev]1 s]v$ 8 purpose z well z 8 cu/om>y self-retirem5t1 = x =c$ p to face ! contradiction :i* he (f]$ to ! accept$ religi\s ideas ( _! lead]s4 #acf4 ,! me?od :i* ,jesus *ose has already be5 repeat$ly indicat$1--tea*+ & prea*+ on ! "o h&1 & works ( helpfulness to m5 on ! o!r4 ,! "* ( ! tea*+ ( ?is p]iod is %[n 9 ?ree disc\rses1--! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! ,disc\rse 9 ,p>ables1 & ! ,in/ructions to ! ,twelve4 ,! s]mon on ! m\nt is giv5 9 diff]5t =ms 9 ,mat!w & ,luke1 t 9 ,mat!w be+ evid5tly ! m complete1 ev5 aft] d$uction has be5 made ( ^? p>ts :i* ,luke has assign$ ) high probability to a lat] "t4 ,?is address 0 spok5 to ! disciples ( ,jesus f\nd among ! multitudes :o flock$ to him f all qu>t]s4 ,x op5$ ) words ( congratulation = ^? :o1 *>act]iz$ by qualities (t5 despis$1 7 yet heirs ( ,god's k+dom4 ,! ?\ght !n pass$ to ! responsibility ( su* heirs ( ! k+dom = ! help ( a ne$y _w4 ,next1 s9ce mu* 9 ! words & works ( ,jesus hi!rto might h sugge/$ to m5 t he 0 indiff]5t to ! old] religion ( 8 p1 he c>efully expla9$ t he came1 n to set aside ! old1 b to realize ! spiritual idea = :i* x /ood1 by e/abli%+ a m exact+ /&>d ( righte\sness4 ,?is m exact+ righte\sness ,jesus illu/rat$ by a s]ies ( re/atem5ts ( ! old] law1 & !n by a gr\p ( criticisms ( curr5t religi\s practice4 ,! s]mon clos$ ) w>n+s aga9/ complac5t c5sori\sness 9 judg+ o!r m5's failures1 & a solemn decl>ation ( ! vital s]i\sness ( ^! say+s ( m9e4 ,! righte\sness requir$ by ?is new law is n only m exact+ b unspeakably wor?i] ?an ! old1 be+ m simply manife/$ 9 common life1 & dem&+ m intimate filial fell[%ip ) ! liv+ ,god4 #acg4 ,! tea*+s includ$ 9 ! s]mon by ! fir/ gospel1 b plac$ lat] by ,luke1 supplem5t ! s]mon by bidd+ ,god's *ild to lead a tru/ful life1 kn[+ t ! heav5ly ,fa!r c>es = him4 ,t ,luke has omitt$ mu* :i* f ,mat!w's acc\nt cle>ly belong$ to ! orig9al s]mon may be expla9$ by ! fact t ,g5tile read]s did n %>e ! int]e/ :i* ,jesus' he>]s _h1 & :i* ! read]s ( ! fir/ gospel _h1 9 ! relation ( ! new gospel to ! old] law4 ,h5ce ! re/atem5t ( old] comm&s & ! criticism ( curr5t practice 0 omitt$4 ,simil> to ! tea*+s :i* ! fir/ gospel has includ$ 9 ! s]mon1 are _m :i* ,luke has pres]v$ 9 ! section peculi> to himself4 ,x is n unlikely t !y belong also to ! ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,!y urge ! same s9c]e1 rev]5t life 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ! same tru/ 9 ! heav5ly ,fa!r1 ! same c]ta9ty ( 8 love & c>e2 & !y d n h t peculi> note ( imp5d+ judgm5t :i* ent]$ into ! tea*+s ( ,jesus aft] ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi4 #ach4 ,9 ! /ory ( ,m>k1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 ! fir/ & ?ird gospels1 ! use ( p>able 0 fir/ introduc$ 9 a way to attract ! att5tion ( ! disciples1 aft] ph>isaic opposition to ,jesus _h become some:at bitt] & !re 0 ne$ ( *eck+ a too spe$y culm9ation ( opposition4 ,he *ose at t "t a =m ( p>able :i* 0 enigmatic to 8 disciples1 & c\ld b fur!r puzzle he>]s :o _h no sympa?y ) him & 8 message4 ,m>k 7iv4 #ab7 /ates t ?is p]plexity 0 9 accordance ) ! purpose ( ,jesus4 ,b x is equally cle> t ,jesus meant to tea* ! tea*able z well z to p]plex ! critical by ^! illu/rations1 = 9 expla9+ ! ,s[] he sugge/$ t ! disciples %\ld h und]/ood x )\t explanation 7,m>k iv4 #ac74 ,_m ( ,jesus' p>ables1 h[ev]1 _h no su* enigmatic "*1 b 7 int5d$ simply to help 8 he>]s to und]/& him4 ,he made use ( ?is k9d ( tea*+ f fir/ to la/4 ,! pictures ( ! wise & fooli% build]s ) :i* ! s]mon on ! m\nt concludes %[ t x 0 n ! use ( illu/ration :i* surpris$ ! disciples 9 ! p>ables associat$ ) ! ,s[]1 b 8 use ( su* puzzl+ illu/rations4 ,"s ( ! p>ables ( ,luke's peculi> section may belong to ! ,galilean m9i/ry1 & ev5 to ! e>li] /ages ( x4 ,^! h none ( ! enigmatic "*2 ! p>ables ( ! la/ days ( ,jesus' life also seem to h be5 simple & cle> to 8 he>]s4 ,! ,ori5tal m9d pref]s ! concrete to ! ab/ract1 & its tea*]s h ev] made l>ge use ( illu/ration4 ,jesus /&s unique1 n 9 t he us$ p>ables1 b 9 ! simplicity & effective beauty ( ^? :i* he us$4 ,^! illu/rations1 :e!r ,jesus int5d$ !m = ! mom5t to enlight5 or to conf\nd1 s]v$ always to set =? concretely "s tru? conc]n+ ! relation ( m5 to ,god1 or conc]n+ 8 k+dom & _! relation to x4 ,! =m ( tea*+ 0 welcome to 8 he>]s1 & s]v$ z "o ( ! attractions to draw m5 to him4 #aci4 ,! fir/ gospel assigns ano!r ext5d$ disc\rse to ?is ,galilean p]iod1--! ,in/ructions to ! ,twelve4 ,! mission ( ! twelve =m$ a new dep>ture z ,jesus saw ! ,galilean crisis approa*+4 ,he s\ght !reby to multiply 8 own "w1 & commission$ 8 disciples to heal & prea* z he 0 do+4 ,! re/riction ( _! field to ,israel 7,matt4 x4 #e1 #f7 simply appli$ to !m ! rule he adopt$ = himself dur+ ! ,galilean p]iod 7,matt4 xv4 #bd74 ,comp>ison ) ! acc\nts 9 ,m>k & ,luke1 z well z ! "* ( ! in/ructions f\nd 9 ,mat!w1 %[ t "h ! fir/ evangeli/ has foll[$ 8 habit ( ga!r+ toge!r tea*+s on ! same g5]al !me f diff]5t p]iods 9 ,jesus' life4 ,mu* 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,mat!w indicates cle>ly t ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus _h already pass$ ! p]iod ( popul>ity1 & t 8 disciples c\ld n[ look = little b scorn & p]secution4 ,?is 0 ! situation at ! end ( ,jesus' public life1 & p>allel say+s are f\nd 9 ! record ( ! la/ week 9 ,j]usalem4 #adj4 ,:5 ! tea*+ ( ! s]mon & ! p>ables is comp>$ ) ,jesus' self-ass]tion 9 8 replies to ph>isaic criticism & blasphemy1 ! diff]5ce is /rik+4 ,ord9>ily he avoid$ call+ att5tion to himself1 wi%+ m5 to =m _! op9ion ( him aft] !y _h le>n$ to "k him z he 04 ,yet :5 "o looks b5ea? ! surface ( 8 tea*+1 ! tone ( au?ority :i* a/oni%$ ! multitudes is id5tical ) ! calm self-confid5ce :i* repli$ to ph>isaic c5sure3 ,! ,son ( ,man ha? au?ority on ! e>? to =give s9s4 #ada4 ,jesus drew ! multitudes aft] him n only by 8 tea*+s1 b also by 8 mighty works4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 = 8 contempor>ies a wond]-work] & heal] ( disease1 &1 9 ord] to appreciate ! impression :i* he made1 ! miracles record$ 9 ! gospels mu/ be all[$ to reveal :at !y c ( 8 "*4 ,! mighty works :i* en*a9$ att5tion 9 ,galilee 7 *iefly cures ( disease1 ) occasional exhibitions ( p[] ov] physical nature1--su* z ! /ill+ ( ! tempe/ & ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&4 ,! significant ?+ ab\t !m is _! uni=m b5efic5ce ( purpose & simplicity ( me?od4 ,no?+ ( ! spectacul> atta*$ itself to !m4 ,jesus repeat$ly refus$ to ! critical ,ph>isees a sign f heav54 ,?is 0 n because he disreg>d$ ! importance ( signs = 8 g5]ation1--witness 8 appeal to 8 works 9 ! reply to ,john 7,matt4 xi4 #d-f72 b he felt t 9 8 cu/om>y m9i/ry to ! ne$y multitudes he _h furni%$ signs 9 abundance1 = 8 de$s bo? gave evid5ce ( heav5ly p[] & reveal$ ! "* ( ! ,fa!r :o _h s5t him4 #adb4 ,"o ( ! commone/ ( ! ailm5ts cur$ by ,jesus is describ$ 9 ! gospels z demoniac possession1 ! popul> idea be+ t evil spirits 7 accu/om$ to take up _! abode 9 m51 speak+ ) _! tongues & act+ ?r\gh _! bodies1 at ! same "t afflict+ !m ) v>i\s physical diseases4 ,six specific cures ( su* possession are record$ 9 ! /ory ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry1 besides g5]al ref]5ces to ! cure ( _m t 7 possess$4 ,( ^! specific cases ! ,gad>5e demoniac %[s symptoms ( viol5t insanity2 ! boy cur$ ne> ,cs>ea ,philippi1 ^? ( epilepsy2 9 o!r cases ! disease 0 m local1 %[+ itself 9 deafness1 or bl9dness1 or bo?4 ,9 ! cures record$ ,jesus address$ ! possess$ ) a comm& to ! invad+ demon to dep>t4 ,he 0 ord9>ily greet$1 ei!r be=e or aft] su* a comm&1 ) a l\d outcry1 (t5 accompani$ ) a recognition ( him z ,god's ,holy ,"o4 #adc4 ,! record ( su* maladies & _! cure is n conf9$ to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! evil _s :i* came ^u ,k+ ,saul is a simil> case1 & ,josephus tells ( ,jewi% exorci/s :o cur$ possess$ p]sons by ! use ( incantations h&$ d[n f ,k+ ,solomon4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs frequ5tly argu$ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity f ! way 9 :i* demons dep>t$ at ! comm& ( ,*ri/ian exorci/s1 :ile 9 ! middle ages & d[n to mod]n times belief 9 demoniac possession has be5 common1 p>ticul>ly among "s ( ! m sup]/iti\s ( ! peasantry 9 ,europe4 ,moreov]1 f mission>ies 9 ,*9a & o!r ea/]n l&s x is le>n$ t diseases closely resembl+ ! cases ( possession record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t are frequ5tly met )1 & are (t5 cur$ by native ,*ri/ian m9i/]s4 #add4 ,! simil>ity ( ! symptoms ( s-call$ possession to recogniz$ m5tal & physical d]angem5ts su* z insanity1 epilepsy1 & hy/]ia1 sugge/s ! conclusion t possession %\ld be class$ ) o!r ailm5ts due to ill adju/m5t ( ! relations ( ! m5tal & physical life4 ,if ?is conclusion is valid1 ! idea ( actual possession by evil spirits becomes only an anci5t ef=t to int]pret ! my/]i\s symptoms 9 accordance ) wide-spread primitive beliefs4 ,?is explanation w\ld d\btless be g5]ally adopt$ 7 x n t x seems to compromise ei!r ! integrity or ! k ( ,jesus4 ,! gospels pla9ly repres5t him z treat+ ! suppos$ demoniac influ5ce z real1 address+ 9 8 cures n ! invalid1 b ! invad+ demon4 ,if he did ?is kn[+ t ! :ole view 0 a sup]/ition1 0 he true to 8 mission to release mank9d f its bondage to evil & s98 ,if he %>$ ! sup]/ition ( 8 "t1 _h he ! complete k necess>y to make him ! deliv]] he claim$ to be8 ,^! que/ions are s]i\s & difficult1 b !y =m a "p ( ! g5]al problem ( ! ext5t ( ,jesus' k1 & c be m intellig5tly discuss$ 9 connection ) t :ole problem 7sects4 #bdi-bea74 ,x is reasonable to dem&1 h[ev]1 t any conclusion rea*$ conc]n+ ! nature ( possession 9 ! "t ( ,jesus mu/ be consid]$ valid = simil> manife/ations ( disease 9 our own day4 #ade4 ,:at a/oni%$ p 9 ,jesus' cures 0 n s mu* t he heal$ ! sick z t he did x ) su* evid5ce ( p]sonal au?ority4 ,8 cures & 8 tea*+s alike s]v$ to attract att5tion to himself & to invite "q z to :o he c\ld be4 ,yet a f> m p[]ful means to ! end he _h 9 view 0 ! subtle1 unobtrusive1 p]sonal influ5ce :i* )\t _! k knit ! he>ts ( a few to himself4 ,9 reality bo? 8 tea*+ & 8 cures 7 only means ( self-disclosure4 ,8 p]man5t "w dur+ ?is ,galilean p]iod 0 ! w9n+ ( p]sonal fri5ds4 ,8 *ief ag5cy 9 accompli%+ 8 "w 0 :at ,r5an some:at too romantically has call$ 8 *>m4 ,x 0 t 9 him :i* drew to 8 side & kept ) him ! fi%]m5 ( ,galilee & ! publican ( ,cap]naum1 dur+ mon?s ( con/ant disappo9tm5t ( _! preconceiv$ religi\s ideas & ,messianic hopes2 x 0 t :i* won ! confid5ce ( ! woman :o 0 a s9n]1 & ! con/ant devotion ( ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,susanna & ! o!rs :o foll[$ him & m9i/]$ to him ( _! sub/ance4 ,! out/&+ wond] ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity is ! complete trans=mation n only ( life b ( e/abli%$ religi\s ideas by ! p]sonal impress ( ,jesus on a ,pet]1 a ,john1 & a ,paul4 ,! secret ( ! new elem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian religion--salvation ?r\gh p]sonal atta*m5t to ,jesus ,*ri/--is simply ?is p]sonal p[] ( ! man ( ,naz>e?4 ,! multitudes foll[$ because !y saw wond]ful works or he>d wond]ful words2 _m because !y hop$ at l5g? to f9d 9 ! new prophet ! *ampion ( _! hopes 9 deliv]ance f ,roman bondage4 ,b ^! soon] or lat] fell away1 disappo9t$ 9 _! desire to use ! new lead] = _! own ends4 ,x 0 only because f out ! multitudes !re 7 a few :o c\ld answ]1 ,to :om %all we g8 ?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life1 :5 ,jesus ask$1 ,w ye also g away8 t ! "w 9 ,galilee did n end 9 complete failure4 ,^! few _h felt 8 p]sonal p[]1 & !y became ! nucleus ( a new religion ( love to a p]sonal ,savi\r4 #adf4 ,! te/ ( ! p]sonal atta*m5t ( ! few came %ortly aft] ! execution ( ,john ! ,bapti/ by ,antipas4 ,^w ( ?is trag$y 0 br\ght to ,jesus by ,john's disciples ab\t ! "t t he & ! twelve return$ to ,cap]naum f _! t\r ( prea*+4 ,at ! sugge/ion ( ,jesus !y )drew to ! ea/]n side ( ! lake 9 se>* ( re/4 ,x is n unlikely t ! little company also wi%$ to avoid = ! "t ! t]ritory ( ! tyrant :o _h j put ,john to dea?1 = ,jesus 0 n yet ready = ! crisis ( 8 own life4 ,su* a desire = seclusion w\ld be int5sifi$ by ! cont9u$ impetu\s en?usiasm ( ! multitudes :o flock$ ab\t him aga9 9 ,cap]naum4 ,9 fact1 s insi/5t 0 _! int]e/ 9 ,jesus t !y w\ld n all[ him ! quiet he s\ght1 b foll[$ ar\nd ! lake 9 great numb]s :5 !y le>n$ t he _h tak5 %ip = ! o!r side4 ,he :o came n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/] c\ld n repel ! cr[ds :o came to him1 & he at once welcom$ !m1 & spake to !m ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 & !m t _h ne$ ( heal+ he heal$ 7,luke ix4 #aa74 ,! day hav+ pass$ 9 ?is m9i/ry1 he multipli$ ! small /ore ( bread & fi% br\ght by 8 disciples 9 ord] to fe$ ! we>y p4 ,?is "w ( p[] seem$ to "s among ! multitudes to be ! la/ ?+ ne$$ to prove t ,jesus 0 to be _! promis$ deliv]]1 & !y 7 ab\t to come & take him by =ce & make him k+ 7,john vi4 #ae71 :5 he )drew f !m & sp5t ! night 9 pray]4 #adg4 ,?is sudd5 det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! multitudes to =ce ! h& ( ,jesus 0 probably due to ! preval5ce ( an idea1 f\nd also 9 ! lat] rabb9ic writ]s1 t ! ,messiah %\ld fe$ 8 p z ,moses _h provid$ !m manna 9 ! des]t4 ,! rebuff :i* ,jesus quietly gave !m did n cool _! ardor1 until on ! foll[+ day1 9 ! synagogue 9 ,cap]naum1 he pla9ly taught !m t !y _h q miss$ ! significance ( 8 miracle4 ,!y ?\ght ( loaves & mat]ial su/5ance4 ,he w\ld h _h !m f9d 9 ^! a sign t he c\ld also supply _! spirits' ne$1 & he insi/$ t ?is1 & ?is alone1 0 8 actual mission4 ,f ! fir/ ! popul> en?usiasm _h _h to ignore _m contradictions ( its *]i%$ notions4 ,b 8 p[] & ! indescribable =ce ( 8 p]sonality _h s]v$ hi!rto to hold !m to a hope t he w\ld soon disc>d ! p]plex+ rle :i* he _h *os5 = ! "t to assume1 & take up av[$ly ! prop] "w ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is la/ refusal to accept :at seem$ to !m to be 8 evid5t duty caus$ a revulsion 9 ! popul> feel+1 & _m ( 8 disciples turn$ back & walk$ no m ) him 7,john vi4 #ff74 ,! "t ( sift+ _h come4 ,jesus _h kn[n t su* a ra% det]m9ation to make him k+ 0 possible to ! ,galilean multitudes1 & t :5ev] x %\ld come x mu/ be foll[$ by a disillusionm5t4 ,n[ ! op5 m9i/ry _h run its c\rse4 ,z ! multitudes 7 turn+ back & walk+ no m ) him1 he turn$ to ! twelve ) ! "q1 ,w ye also g away8 & f\nd t ) !m 8 me?od _h borne fruit4 ,!y clung to him 9 spite ( disillusionm5t1 = 9 him !y _h f\nd :at 0 bett] ?an _! preconceptions4 #adh4 ,x is ! f\r? gospel t %[s cle>ly ! critical significance ( ?is ev5t4 ,! o!rs tell no?+ ( ! sudd5 det]m9ation ( ! multitude1 nor ( ! revulsion ( feel+ t foll[$ ,jesus' refusal to yield to _! w4 ,yet ^! o!r gospels indicate 9 _! n>ratives t f ?is "t on ,jesus avoid$ ! sc5es ( 8 =m] labors1 & %[ t :5 f "t to "t he return$ to ! neighborhood ( ,cap]naum he 0 met by su* a _s ( ho/ility t he )drew aga9 imm$iately to regions :]e he & 8 disciples c\ld h "t = quiet int]c\rse4 #adi4 ,! mon?s ( toil 9 ,galilee %[ results h>dly m significant ?an ! gra9 ( mu/>d se$ or ! little leav54 ,popul> en?usiasm _h ris51 increas$1 rea*$ its climax1 & wan$4 ,(ficial opposition _h e>ly be5 ar\s$1 & _h cont9u$ ) a /eadily deep5$ int5sity4 ,! wond]ful tea*+ ) au?ority1 & ! signs wr\ght on !m t 7 sick1 _h be5 z se$ s[n by ! wayside or 9 ?orny or 9 /ony gr\nd1 except = ! little h&ful ( he>]s :o _h felt ! p]sonal p[] ( ,jesus & _h surr5d]$ to x1 ready h5ce=? to foll[ :]e he %\ld lead1 :e!r or n x %\ld be 9 a pa? ( _! *oice4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 ! pro( t ^? mon?s _h be5 a "t ( rew>d$ toil4 ,,iv ,! ,m9i/ry 9 ,galilee--,! ,new ,lesson #aej4 ,) ! crisis 9 ,cap]naum ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee may be said 9 "o s5se to h come to an end4 ,yet ,jesus did n imm$iately g up to ,j]usalem4 ,once & aga9 he 0 f\nd 9 or ne> ,cap]naum1 :ile ! "t betwe5 ^! visits 0 sp5t 9 regions to ! nor? & nor?we/4 ,9 fact1 ! disciples 7 f> f ready = ! trial _! loyalty 0 to meet be=e !y _h se5 ! end ( ! opposition to _! ,"l4 ,! "t int]v5+ betwe5 ! collapse ( popul>ity & ,jesus' f9al dep>ture f ,galilee may well be ?\ght (1 !n1 z a "t ( fur!r discipl9e ( ! fai? ( 8 foll[]s & ( add$ in/ruction conc]n+ ! tru? = :i* _! ,ma/] /ood4 ,! l5g? ( ?is supplem5t>y p]iod 9 ,galilee is n def9itely kn[n4 ,x ext5d$ f ! ,passov] to ab\t ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 7,april to ,octob]1 see ,john vi4 #d & vii4 #b74 ,! record ( :at ,jesus did & said 9 ?is "t is meagre1 only en\gh be+ report$ to %[ t x 0 a "t ( repeat$ )drawals f ,galilee & ( private in/ruction = ! disciples4 #aea4 ,! disciples 7 tra9$ 9 fai? by fur!r exhibitions ( ! complete break betwe5 _! ,ma/] & ! lead]s ( ! p4 ,?is break appe>$ mo/ cle>ly1 soon aft] ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes1 9 8 reply to a criticism ( ! disciples = disreg>d ( ph>isaic traditions conc]n+ h&-wa%+ 7,m>k vii4 #a-bc74 ,! critics insi/$ on ! sacr$ness ( _! traditions4 ,jesus 9 reply scor$ !m = disreg>d = ! pla9 dem&s ( ,god's law1 & ) a ^w fre$ m5 f bondage to ! :ole ritual ( c]emonial cleanness & uncleanness 7,m>k vii4 #ai71 ?us attack+ ,judaism 9 its citadel4 #aeb4 ,x 0 imm$iately aft] ?is t he )drew ) 8 disciples to ! regions ( ,tyre4 ,on 8 return a little lat] to ! we/ side ( ! sea ( ,galilee he 0 met by ho/ile ,ph>isees ) a dem& = a sign 7,m>k viii4 #aa-ac71 & aft] refus+ to satisfy ! unbeliev+ *all5ge1--signs 9 pl5ty hav+ be5 be=e _! eyes s9ce ! op5+ ( 8 "w among !m1--he & 8 disciples )drew aga9 f ,galilee t[>ds ,cs>ea ,philippi4 ,z !y w5t on _! way1 ,jesus di/9ctly w>n$ !m aga9/ ! influ5ce ( _! lead]s1 religi\s & political 7,m>k viii4 #ad;f474 ,s f> z our records tell u ,jesus 0 b once aga9 9 ,cap]naum4 ,!n he 0 met ) ! dem& t he pay ! temple tax 7,matt4 xvii4 #bd-bg74 ,?is tax 0 usually collect$ j be=e ! ,passov]4 ,z ?is la/ visit to ,cap]naum 0 probably n f> f ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 ,jesus seems to h be5 9 arre>s4 ,?is may h be5 due to 8 abs5ce f ,cap]naum at ! "t ( ! collection4 ,! prompt answ] ( ,pet] may indicate t he knew t 9 o!r ye>s ,jesus _h paid ?is tax1 z x is altoge!r probable t he did4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 implies (ficial suspicion t ,jesus 0 seek+ to evade paym5t1 & exhibits fur!r ! /ra9+ ( ! relations betwe5 him & ! ,jewi% lead]s4 ,! conv]sation ( ,jesus ) ,pet] s]v$ to %[ 8 cle> consci\sness ( sup]iority1 & 0 a fur!r summons to ! disciples to *oose betwe5 him & 8 oppon5ts4 #aec4 ,)9 ! limits ( ! ,holy ,l& ! fai? ( ! disciples _h be5 con/antly te/$ by ! increas+ opposition betwe5 _! ma/] & _! old lead]s4 ,:5 ! little company )drew to ,g5tile regions1 h[ev]1 ,jesus _h reg>d = _! ,jewi% feel+4 ,! "t w\ld come :5 he w\ld s5d !m =? to make disciples ( all ! nations4 ,= ! pres5t he made x 8 bus9ess to nurture _! fai? 9 him1 & :5 appeal$ to = help by "o ( ^! =eign]s1 he refus$ to take ! *ildr5's bread & ca/ x to ! dogs 7,m>k vii4 #bg74 ,jesus _h assum$ a diff]5t attitude to ! ,sam>itans be=e ! op5+ ( 8 "w 9 ,galilee1 & 9 g5]al _h %[n ready sympa?y = all 9 di/ress4 ,9 fact x seems z if he welcom$ ! ,syrophnician woman's great fai? ) a feel+ ( relief f a re/riction t he _h felt x wise to adopt = 8 "w 9 ,phnicia4 ,x appe>s f 8 lat] attitude 9 ! ,g5tile regions ( ! ,decapolis 7,m>k vii4 #ca-cg2 ,matt4 xv4 #ba-ca7 t1 hav+ once %[n 8 reg>d = ! limitations ( 8 disciples' fai? 9 ! case ( ! ,syrophnician1 he felt no long] oblig$ to *eck 8 natural read9ess to help ! ne$y :o s\ght him out4 ,al?\gh 9 "o in/ance1 = reasons no long] kn[n to u1 ,jesus *>g$ a man :om he _h cur$ to keep x secret 7,m>k vii4 #cb-cg71 9 g5]al 8 "w 9 ^! hea!n regions seems1 aft] ! visit to ,phnicia1 to h be5 q unre/ra9$1 & to h produc$ ! same en?usiasm t _h e>li] br\ght ! multitudes to him 9 ,galilee 7,m>k viii4 #a;f474 #aed4 ,?is cont9u$ activity ( heal+ mu/ h s]v$ greatly to /r5g!n ! det]m9ation ( ! disciples to cl+ to ,jesus1 let ! lead]s say :at !y w\ld4 ,we c only conjecture :at v>i\s tea*+s fill$ ! days1 & :at p]sonal fell[%ip ! disciples _h ) him :o spake z nev] man spake4 ,!re 0 ne$ = advance 9 ! fai? ( ^! loyal fri5ds4 ,_! en?usia/ic decl>ation :5 ! multitudes turn$ away c\ld easily h be5 foll[$ by reaction4 ,ea* new exhibition ( ! irrevocabl5ess ( ! break betwe5 ,jesus & ! lead]s 0 a sev]e te/ ( _! loyalty4 ,^! weeks ( )drawal 7 d\btless fill$1 !re=e1 ) new pro(s t ,jesus _h ! words ( et]nal life4 #aee4 ,be=e he put to 8 disciples ! crucial "q1 he :o knew :at 0 9 man 7,john ii4 #be7 0 confid5t t !y 7 ready = x4 ,x 0 aft] ! rebuff 9 ,galilee1 :5 ! unbeliev+ ,ph>isees _h aga9 dem&$ a sign ( 8 au?ority1 & aft] he _h def9itely w>n$ ! disciples aga9/ ! influ5ce ( _! lead]s1 t ,jesus l$ 8 little company f> to ! nor? t[>ds ! slopes ( ,h]mon4 ,!re1 ne> ! rec5tly built ,cs>ea ,philippi1 ,jesus pla9ly ask$ 8 disciples :at ! p ?\ght ( him 7,m>k viii4 #bg-cj74 ,we h se5 h[ gradually s5tim5t 9 ,galilee conc]n+ ! new tea*] cry/alliz$ until1 f ?9k+ him a prophet1 ! p1 fir/ timidly1 !n boldly1 conclud$ t su* a tea*] & work] ( signs mu/ be ! promis$ k+4 ,we h se5 also h[ ! popul> e/imate *ang$ :5 ,jesus refus$ to be guid$ by ! popul> w4 ,n[1 aft] ! lapse ( a few weeks1 9 answ] to 8 inquiry conc]n+ ! common op9ion ( him1 he is told t ! p look on him z a prophet1 9 :om ! _s ( ! m5 ( old _h be5 reviv$2 b n a :isp] rema9s ( ! =m] read9ess to hail him z ! ,messiah4 ,x 0 9 ! face ( su* a def9ite revulsion 9 ! popul> feel+1 9 ! face1 too1 ( ! increas+ ho/ility ( all ! great 9 ! nation1 t ,pet] answ]$ = ! twelve t !y believ$ ,jesus to be ! ,messiah1 ,god's appo9t$ ,deliv]] ( 8 p 7,matt4 xvi4 #af ff474 ,9 =m ?is confession 0 no m ?an ,na?anael _h r5d]$ on 8 fir/ meet+ ) ,jesus 7,john i4 #di71 & 0 practically ! same z ! report made by ,&rew to ,simon 8 bro!r1 & by ,philip to ,na?anael 7,john i4 #da1 #de74 ,9 bo? idea & expression ! reply to ,jesus' "q1 ,w ye also g away8 7,john vi4 #fh1 #fi71 0 virtually equival5t to ?is lat] confession ( ,pet]4 ,yet ,jesus f\nd 9 ,pet]'s answ] at ,cs>ea ,philippi some?+ s significant & rem>kable t he decl>$ t ! fai? t c\ld answ] ?us c\ld spr+ only f a heav5ly s\rce 7,matt4 xvi4 #ag74 ,! e>ly confessions 7 9 fact no m ?an expressions ( m or less intellig5t expectation t ,jesus w\ld fulfil ! confessor's hopes4 ,! confession at ,cap]naum foll[$ "o ( ,jesus' mightie/ exhibitions ( p[]1 & 0 giv5 be=e ! disciples _h _h "t to consid] ! ext5t ( ! defection f _! ,ma/]4 ,"h at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 h[ev]1 ! ^w 0 spok5 imm$iately aft] an ackn[l$gm5t t ! p _h no m ?\ght ( f9d+ 9 ,jesus _! ,messiah4 ,x 0 spok5 aft] ! disciples _h _h repeat$ evid5ce ( ! det]m9$ ho/ility ( ! lead]s to ,jesus4 ,all ! disappo9tm5t he _h giv5 to _! *]i%$ ideas 0 emphasiz$ by ! isolation 9 :i* ! little company n[ f\nd itself4 ,"o aft] ano!r _! ideas ( h[ a ,messiah %\ld act & :at he %\ld be _h receiv$ contradiction 9 :at ,jesus 0 & did4 ,yet aft] ! weeks ( )drawal f ,galilee1 ,pet] c\ld only 9 effect ass]t anew :at he _h decl>$ at ,cap]naum1--t ,jesus _h ! words ( et]nal life4 ,x 0 a fai? *a/5$ by p]plexity1 & taught at l5g? to foll[ ! ,"l let him lead :]e he w\ld4 ,x 0 an actual surr5d] to 8 ma/]y ov] ?\ght & life4 ,"h at l5g? ,jesus _h won :at he _h be5 seek+ dur+ all 8 "w 9 ,galilee1--a corn]-/one on :i* to build up ! new community ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,pet] 0 ! fir/ to confess op5ly to ?is simple surr5d] to ! full ma/]y ( ,jesus4 ,he 0 ! fir/ /one 9 ! f\ndation ( ! new build+ ( ,god4 #aef4 ,9 8 comm5dation ( ,pet] ,jesus reveal$ ! secret ( 8 me?od 9 ! "w :i*1 because ( ?is confession1 he c\ld n[ proce$ to d m rapidly4 ,he cuts loose utt]ly f ! me?od ( ! scribes4 ,he1 ! new tea*]1 commits to !m no body ( tea*+ :i* !y are to give to o!rs z ! key to et]nal life4 ,! salvation !y are to prea* is a salvation by p]sonal atta*m5t2 t is1 by fai?4 ,! rock on :i* he w build 8 *ur* is p]sonal atta*m5t1 fai? t is ready to leave all & foll[ him4 ,pet]1 n ! sub/ance ( 8 confession1 0 its corn]-/one1 b ,pet]1 z ! fir/ cle> confessor ( a fai? t is ready to leave all1 a fai? ^: v nature x is to be contagi\s1 & associate ) itself o!rs ( l preci\s fai?4 ,8 fai? 0 z yet meagre1 z he %[$ at once2 b x 0 g5u9e1 ! surr5d] ( 8 he>t to 8 ,"l's guidance & control4 ,?is 0 ! di/9ctive m>k ( ! new religi\s life inaugurat$ by ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 #aeg4 ,if any?+ 7 ne$$ to prove t ! idea t he 0 ! ,messiah 0 no new ?\ght to ,jesus1 x c\ld be f\nd 9 ! new lesson :i* he at once began to tea* 8 disciples4 ,! confession ( ,pet] indicat$ to him simply t ! fir/ /age 9 8 "w _h be5 accompli%$4 ,he imm$iately began to prep>e ! disciples = ! end :i* = "s "t pa/ he _h se5 to be inevitable4 ,he taught !m m ?an t 8 dea? 0 inevitable2 he decl>$ t x 0 div9ely necess>y t he %\ld be put to dea? z a result ( ! ho/ility ( ! ,jews to him 7! ,son ( ,man mu/ suff]74 ,all ! contradictions :i* he _h (f]$ to ! ,messianic ideas ( 8 disciples pal$ into insignificance beside ?is "o4 ,:5 !y saw h[ he fail$ to meet ! hopes t 7 commonly held1 !y ne$$ only to urge !mselves to pati5ce1 expect+ t 9 "t he w\ld ca/ (f ! /range mask & take to himself 8 p[] & reign4 ,b x 0 too mu* = ! late confess$ & v g5u9e fai? ( ,pet] to he> t ! ,messiah mu/ die4 ,s un?9kable 0 ! idea1 t he assum$ t ,jesus _h become unduly disc\rag$ by ! rel5tlessness ( ! opposition :i* _h driv5 him fir/ out ( ,judea & lat] out ( ,galilee4 ,accord+ly ,pet] s\ght to turn 8 ,ma/]'s m9d to a bright] prospect1 ass]t+ t 8 =ebod+s c\ld n be true4 ,x is h>d = u to conceive ! *ill ( he>t :i* mu/ h foll[$ ! gl[ ( 8 confession :5 he he>d ! /]n rebuke ( ,jesus1 :o f\nd 9 ,pet]'s lat] words ! voice ( ! ,evil ,"o1 z be=e 9 8 confession he _h recogniz$ ! ,_s ( ,god4 #aeh4 ,! /]nness ( ,jesus' rebuke escapes extravagance only 9 view ( ! fact t ! words ( ,pet] _h greatly affect$ ,jesus himself4 ,at ! outset ( 8 public life he _h fac$ ! difficulty ( do+ ! ,messiah's "w 9 8 ,fa!r's way1 & _h )/ood ! temptation to accommodate himself to ! ideas ( 8 _w1 decl>+ allegiance to ,god alone 7,matt4 iv4 #aj74 ,yet once & aga9 9 ! c\rse ( 8 m9i/ry he %[$ t ?is allegiance co/ him mu*4 ,luke reports a say+ 9 :i* ,jesus confess$ t1 9 view ( ?is prospect ( dea? :i* ,pet] 0 oppos+ s eag]ly1 he 0 greatly /rait5$ 7xii4 #ej71 & at ! ne> approa* ( ! end 8 s\l 0 exce$+ sorr[ful 7,m>k xiv4 #cd74 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott5 t ,jesus 0 a ,jew1 & heir to all ! ,messianic ideas ( 8 p4 ,9 ^!1 glory1 n rejection & dea?1 0 to be ! ,messiah's portion4 ,t he 0 always sup]ior to curr5t expectations is no sign t he did n feel _! =ce4 ,!y q mi/ake :o f9d ! bitt]ness ( ,jesus' cup simply 9 8 physical %r9k+ f suff]+4 ,! temptation 0 ev] ) him to f9d "s o!r way to ! goal ( 8 "w ?an t :i* l$ ?r\gh dea?4 ,:at ,pet] said hid a =ce great] ?an any ^w ( ! disciple's4 ,x voic$ ! crucial temptation ( ,jesus' life4 ,! answ] address$ to ,pet] %[$ t 8 words _h drawn ! ?\ght ( ,jesus away f ! disciple to t e>li] temptation :i* 0 nev] abs5t f him m ?an = a season 7,luke iv4 #ac74 #aei4 ,jesus 0 n cont5t ) a m]e rebuke ( 8 impulsive disciple4 ,9 8 fir/ ann\ncem5t ( 8 dea? z necess>y he _h also decl>$ t x w\ld n be a trag$y1 b w\ld be foll[$ by a resurrection4 ,?is ! disciples c\ld n appreciate1 z !y f\nd ! idea ( ! ,messiah's dea? un?9kable4 ,jesus1 h[ev]1 saw 9 x ! g5]al law1 t life mu/ ev] w9 its goal by disreg>d ( itself1 & call$ 8 disciples also to walk 9 ! pa? ( self-sacrifice4 ,9 ord] t ! new lesson might n q ov]:elm ! yet feeble fai? ( ^! foll[]s1 ,jesus assur$ !m t aft] 8 dea? & resurrection he w\ld come z ,messianic ,judge & fulfil ! hopes :i* 8 pr$iction ( dea? seem$ to blot out utt]ly 7,m>k viii4 #cd to ix4 #a74 #afj4 ,t ?is new lesson 0 a difficult "o = ma/] z well z disciple seems to be %[n by ! exp]i5ce :i* came a few days lat] to ,jesus & 8 ?ree close/ fri5ds4 ,he _h )drawn ) !m to a high m\nta9 = pray] 7,luke ix4 #bh;f474 ,:ile he pray$ ! light ( heav5 came into 8 face1 & 8 disciples 7 grant$ a vision ( him 9 cele/ial glory1 conv]s+ ) ,moses & ,elijah1 repres5tatives ( ,old ,te/am5t law & prophecy4 ,! !me ( ! disc\rse 0 t dea? :i* _h s tr\bl$ ! disciples1 & :i* !n & lat] weigh$ heavily on ,jesus' own _s 7,luke ix4 #ca74 ,at ! conclusion ( ! vision came a div9e injunction to he> him :o n[ 0 sup]s$+ law & prophets4 ,! effect ( ! transfiguration c only be inf]r$4 ,x d\btless br\ght /r5g!n+ to ,jesus = 8 difficult task 7comp>e ,heb4 v4 #g71 & at lea/ a sil5c+ ( remon/rance :5 he spoke aga9 to 8 disciples ( 8 approa*+ dea?4 ,?is he did :ile ! little company 0 mak+ its way back t[>ds ,cap]naum 7,m>k ix4 #cj-cb71 & repeat$ly lat] be=e ! end came 7,m>k x4 #cb-cd2 ,matt4 xxvi4 #a;f474 #afa4 ,on ,jesus' return f ! m\nta91 he 0 met by ! despair+ plea ( a fa!r & heal$ 8 epileptic son1 out ( :om ! disciples 7 unable to ca/ ! demon 7,m>k ix4 #ad-bi2 comp>e vi4 #g1 #ac74 ,x may h be5 ! %ock :i* ! new lesson _h giv5 ! disciples t acc\nt$ = ! repro( ( _! lack ( fai?4 ,! new evid5ce ( ,jesus' p[]1 c\pl$ ) ?is repro(1 seems to h re/or$ _! confid5ce 9 him4 ,p]haps1 too1 !re 0 some?+ contagi\s ab\t ! _s ( hope ) :i* ! ?ree came f _! vision ( ! ,ma/]'s glory4 ,=1 al?\gh !y 7 n free to tell :at !y _h se5 7,m>k ix4 #i71 !y c\ld n h conceal$ ! fact t _! fai? _h receiv$ great enc\ragem5t4 ,:atev] ! cause1 hope reviv$ = ! disciples1 = on ! way back to ,cap]naum a dispute arose among !m conc]n+ p]sonal prec$5ce 9 ! k+dom :i* _! ,ma/] %\ld soon set up4 ,9 ?is rapid reaction f unbelief to fai? ! disciples seem to h =gott5 ! lesson ( self-d5ial rec5tly giv5 !m 7,m>k viii4 #cd1 #ce74 ,9 ,pet]'s confession ! corn]-/one ( ! *ur* 0 laid2 b ! sup]/ructure 0 yet f> out ( sight4 ,al?\gh 8 own s\l1 tak+ its way d[n into ! valley ( %ad[s1 might rightly h ask$ = sympa?y & compla9$ ( its lack1 ,jesus simply set a little *ild 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 & taught !m aga9 ! fir/ lessons ( fai?1--g5tle humility & tru/4 ,!reby he rebuk$ ! _s ( rivalry & ask$ ( 8 disciples a g5]\s1 unselfi%1 & =giv+ _s 7,matt1 xviii4 #a-ce74 #afb4 ,x 0 possibly at ?is "t1 c]ta9ly ne> ! end ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry1 t ,jesus 0 approa*$ by 8 own bre?r51 :o urg$ him to try to w9 ! capital4 ,_! attitude 0 n "o ( indiff]5ce1 ?\gh cle>ly n "o ( actual fai? 9 8 claim 7,john vii4 #b-e74 ,!y seem to h felt t ,jesus _h n made adequate ef=t to secure a foll[+ 9 ,j]usalem1 & t he c\ld n hope = success 9 8 "w if he cont9u$ to conf9e 8 att5tion to ,galilee4 ,jesus knew conditions 9 ,j]usalem f> bett] ?an !y did1 & _h no idea z yet ( resum+ a g5]al m9i/ry !re4 ,he !re=e dismiss$ ! sugge/ion1 & left 8 bre?r5 to g up to ! fea/ disappo9t$ 9 _! desire t he make a demon/ration at t "t4 ,yet ,jesus /ill ye>n$ ov] ,j]usalem4 ,he knew 9 :at organiz$ opposition a g5]al demon/ration w\ld result4 ,!re 7 "s1 h[ev]1 9 ! capital :o _h real fai? 9 him4 ,8 repeat$ ef=ts to w9 ,j]usalem mean no?+ if we d n recognize t he hop$ aga9/ hope t _m ( ! p might yet turn & let him lead !m4 ,) "s su* purpose1 !re=e1 he w5t up a little lat] )\t o/5tation1 & quietly appe>$ 9 ! temple tea*+4 ,! effect ( ?is unann\nc$ arrival 0 t ! opposition 0 n ready = him4 ,! multitude 0 compell$ to =m an op9ion ( him = itself1 & he _h opportunity to make 8 own impression = a "t1 indep5d5tly ( (ficial sugge/ion z to :at ought to be ?\ght ( him4 ,?is c\rse result$ 9 a division ( s5tim5t among ! p1 s mu* s t :5 ! lead]s1 bo? secul> & religi\s1 s\ght to compass 8 arre/1 ! (fic]s s5t to take ,jesus 7 !mselves entranc$ by 8 tea*+4 ,9 spite ( ! wi% ( ! lead]s ,jesus cont9u$ to tea*1 & _m ( ! p began to ?9k ( him ) favor4 ,:51 h[ev]1 he tri$ to lead !m on to become disciples inde$1 !y took (f5ce1 & %[$ t !y 7 n ready yet to foll[ him4 ,?is ef=t to ga!r ! *ildr5 ( ,j]usalem result$ 9 new pro( t !y pref]r$ 8 dea? to 8 message 7,john vii4 #b to viii4 #ei74 #afc4 ,int]e/+ evid5ce ( ! fact t ,jesus did _m o!r signs :i* are n writt5 9 our accept$ gospels is f\nd 9 ! /ory ( 8 deal+ ) an adult]ess :om ! ,ph>isees br\ght to him = judgm5t 7,john vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa74 ,?is n>rative _h no secure place 9 any ( ! gospels 9 ! e>lie/ days1 yet 0 s highly reg>d$ t m5 w\ld n let x g4 ,h5ce 9 ! manuscripts :i* conta9 x1 x is f\nd 9 v>i\s places4 ,"s give x 9 ,luke aft] *apt] xxi41 "s at ! end ( ! ,gospel ( ,john1 "o plac+ x aft] ,john vii4 #cf4 ,_m consid]ations comb9e to prove t x 0 no "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,john1 b z _m %[ t x pres]ves a true incid5t 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus4 ,9 sc5e x belongs to ! temple1 !re=e 9 "t to "o ( ! ,j]usalem visits4 ,to :i* ( ^? visits x %\ld he assign$ is n n[ discov]able4 ,! anci5t copyi/s :o assign$ x to ?is fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 *ose z well z lat] /ud5ts c4 ,if ! incid5t belongs to ?is visit1 x illu/rates ! pati5ce & ! ke5 insight ( ,jesus 9 8 ef=t to w9 self-satisfi$ ,j]usalem4 #afd4 ,john is sil5t conc]n+ ! do+s ( ,jesus aft] ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,9 x4 #bb he notes t ,jesus 0 at ,j]usalem at ! fea/ ( ,d$ication1 :i* foll[$ two mon?s lat]4 ,x seems probable t aft] 8 hurri$ & private j\rney to ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 7,john vii4 #aj7 he return$ to ,galilee & ga!r$ to himself aga9 ! little company ( 8 loyal foll[]s1 prep>atory to t f9al j\rney to ,j]usalem :i* %\ld br+ ! end =ese51 unless1 p]*ance1 ,israel %\ld yet rep5t & turn unto ! ,"l4 ,z ! %ad[ deep5$ ov] 8 own life1 & ! p]si/5cy ( ! unbelief ( 8 p appe>$ m & m cle>ly1 ! tea*+s ( ,jesus took on a new note ( trag$y :i* 0 n *>act]i/ic ( ! e>li] prea*+ 9 ,galilee4 ,ev5 :5 8 topic 0 simil> & 8 treatm5t ( x n unlike "s e>li] disc\rse1 !re appe>$ 9 x "h & !re a w>n+ ( imp5d+ judgm5t4 ,?is is se5 z e>ly z ! reply to ! criticism ( ! disciples = disreg>d ( traditions 7,matt4 xv4 #ac;f474 ,_m disc\rses 9 ! section peculi> to ,luke %[ by ! pres5ce ( ?is note ( doom t !y belong to ?is lat] "t r ?an to ! ,galilean p]iod prop]4 7,see ! table prefix$ to ,*apt] ,v47 #afe4 ,two ye>s _h ne>ly pass$ s9ce ,jesus )drew f ,judea to />t 8 m9i/ry anew 9 a diff]5t region & foll[+ a diff]5t me?od4 ,! fruit ( t m9i/ry 0 small1 b significant4 ,8 proclamation ( ! com+ k+dom & 8 call to a deep] righte\sness1 c\pl$ z !y 7 ) 8 works ( heav5ly p[]1 _h won at fir/ an en?usia/ic foll[+4 ,realiz+ t an uncontroll$ en?usiasm w\ld ?w>t 8 purpose to introduce a k+dom ( ! _s1 ,jesus _h kept 8 ,messianic claim 9 ! backgr\nd1 seek+ fir/ to w9 disciples to ! k+dom t he 0 proclaim+4 ,yet emphasize 8 message z he w\ld1 he c\ld n conceal 8 p]sonal significance4 ,9 fact he wi%$ by w9n+ disciples to 8 doctr9e ( ! k+dom to atta* foll[]s to himself1 ! be>] ( ! words ( et]nal life4 ,! great developm5t ( popul> en?usiasm did n deceive him1 nor did he hesitate1 :5 ! multitude w\ld =ce him to d its w1 to %[ cle>ly h[ f> he 0 f be+ a fulfill] ( _! desires4 ,by successive disappo9tm5ts ( ! popul> ideas he sift$ 8 foll[]s until a few 7 ready to foll[ him :i!rsoev] he might lead4 ,) ^! he all[$ "t = ! fact ( 8 unpopul>ity to appe>1 giv+ !m opportunity to consid] ! rel5tless ho/ility ( _! national lead]s to ! tea*] f ,galilee4 ,!n :5 ! "t 0 ripe he drew f ! loyal few _! decl>ation t !y w\ld foll[ him 9 spite ( disappo9tm5ts & unpopul>ity1 _! confession t he _h come to be to !m m ?an _! *]i%$ preconceptions1 t he _h won ! ma/]y ov] _! ?\ght & life4 ,he began !n to prep>e !m = ! end he _h long =ese51 & at l5g?1 aft] giv+ !m "t = t p]plex+ my/]y to f9d place 9 _! he>ts1 he 0 ready to move on t[>d ! crisis :i* he knew 8 public appe>ance 9 ,j]usalem w\ld precipitate4 ,be=e sett+ out on ?is j\rney 8 desire /ill to seek to w9 ,j]usalem1 if p]*ance x w\ld rep5t1 l$ him to visit ! capital unann\nc$ at ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,?is taught him t1 h[ev] ready "s might be sup]ficially to believe 9 him1 he c\ld z yet w9 9 ,j]usalem only hatr$ & plots aga9/ 8 life1 & he return$ to 8 fai?ful fri5ds 9 ,galilee4 ,outl9e ( ,ev5ts 9 ! ,j\rney ?r\gh ,p]ea to ,j]usalem ,! f9al dep>ture f ,galilee--,matt4 xix4 #a1 #b2 viii4 #ai-bb2 ,m>k x4 #a2 ,luke ix4 #ea-fb4 ,! mission ( ! sev5ty--,matt4 xi4 #bj-cj2 ,luke x4 #a-bd4 ,! visit to ! fea/ ( ,d$ication--,john ix4 #a to x4 #ci4 ,possibly at ?is "t3 ,! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan--,luke x4 #be-cg4 ,! visit to ,m>y & ,m>?a--,luke x4 #ch-db4 ,return to ,p]ea--,john x4 #dj-db4 ,! visit to ,be?any & ! rais+ ( ,laz>us--,john xi4 #a-df4 ,! )drawal to ,ephraim--,john xi4 #dg-ed4 ,ev5ts connect$ ) ! la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem1 :i* _c be m def9itely locat$3 ,! "q :e!r few are sav$--,luke xiii4 #bb-cj4 ,reply to ! w>n+ aga9/ ,h]od1 probably ne> ! close--,luke xiii4 #ca-ce4 ,! cure ( t5 lep]s--,luke xvii4 #aa-ai4 ,! "q ( ! ,ph>isees conc]n+ divorce--,matt4 xix4 #c-ab2 ,m>k x4 #b-ab4 ,! bless+ ( little *ildr5--,matt4 xix4 #ac-ae2 ,m>k x4 #ac-af2 ,luke xviii4 #ae-ag4 ,! "q ( ! ri* "y rul]--,matt4 xix4 #af to xx4 #af2 ,m>k x4 #ag-ca2 ,luke xviii4 #ah-cj4 ,! ?ird pr$iction ( dea? & resurrection--,matt xx4 #ag-ai2 ,m>k x4 #cb-cd2 ,luke xviii4 #ca-cd4 ,! ambiti\s reque/ ( ! sons ( ,zeb$ee--,matt4 xx4 #bj-bh2 ,m>k x4 #ce-de4 ,! la/ /age1 ,j]i*o to ,j]usalem3 ,! bl9d m5 ne> ,j]i*o--,matt4 xx4 #bi-cd2 ,m>k x4 #df-eb2 ,luke xviii4 #ce-dc4 ,! visit to ,zac*u--,luke xix4 #a-aj4 ,! p>able ( ! p\nds 7m97--,luke xix4 #aa-bh4 ,ev5ts & disc\rses f\nd 9 ,luke ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad1 :i* probably belong aft] ! confession ( ,pet]1 & v likely to "s /age ( ! j\rney to ,j]usalem3 ,woes aga9/ ! ,ph>isees1 utt]$ at a ,ph>isee's table--,luke xi4 #cg-ed4 ,w>n+s aga9/ ! _s ( ph>isaism--,luke xii4 #a-ei4 ,comm5t on ! slaught] ( ,galileans by ,pilate--,luke xiii4 #a-i4 ,disc\rse on c\nt+ ! co/ ( disciple%ip--,luke xiv4 #be-ce4 ,disc\rse on ! com+ ( ! k+dom--,luke xvii4 #bj-cg4 ,p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,judge--,luke xviii4 #a-h4 ,p>able ( ! ,ph>isee & ! ,publican--,luke xviii4 #i-ad4 ,v ,! ,j\rney ?r\gh ,p]ea to ,j]usalem #aff4 ,! f\r? gospel says t aft] ! visit to ,j]usalem at ! fea/ ( ,d$ication ,jesus )drew beyond ,jordan to ! place :]e ,john at ! fir/ 0 baptiz+ 7x4 #dj74 ,mat!w & ,m>k also say t at ! close ( ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee ,jesus dep>t$ & came into ! bord]s ( ,judea & beyond ,jordan1 & t 9 ?is new region ! multitudes aga9 flock$ to him1 & he resum$ 8 m9i/ry ( tea*+ 7,matt4 xix4 #a;f42 ,m>k x4 #a74 ,:at he did & taught at ?is "t is n %[n at all by ,john1 & only 9 scant fa%ion by ! o!r two4 ,!y tell ( a discussion ) ! ,ph>isees conc]n+ divorce 7,m>k x4 #b-ab72 ( ! welcome ext5d$ by ,jesus to c]ta9 little *ildr5 7,m>k x4 #ac-af72 ( ! disappo9tm5t ( a ri* "y rul]1 :o wi%$ to le>n f ,jesus ! way ( life1 b lov$ bett] 8 great possessions 7,m>k x4 #ag-ca72 ( a fur!r manife/ation ( ! unlovely _s ( rivalry among ! disciples 9 ! reque/ ( ,james & ,john = ! be/ places 9 ! k+dom 7,m>k x4 #ce-de71--;a reque/ foll[+ 9 ! records directly aft] ano!r pr$iction by ,jesus ( 8 dea? & resurrection 7,m>k x4 #cb-cd74 ,!n1 aft] a visit to ,j]i*o 7,luke xviii4 #ce to xix4 #bh71 ^! records come into co9cid5ce ) ,john 9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,messianic entry into ,j]usalem j be=e ! la/ ,passov]4 #afg4 ,! f\r? gospel tells 9 addition ( a consid]able activity ( ,jesus 9 & ne> ,j]usalem dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,9 mak+ ! j\rney beyond ,jordan />t f ,j]usalem 7x4 #dj71 ,john %[s t ,jesus mu/ h return$ to ! capital aft] 8 )drawal f ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles4 ,:5 & h[ ?is took place is n indicat$4 ,lat]1 aft] 8 retirem5t f ! fea/ ( ,d$ication ,jesus ha/5$ at ! summons ( 8 fri5ds f beyond ,jordan to ,be?any :5 ,laz>us di$ 7xi4 #a-g74 ,f ,be?any he w5t n to ! o!r side ( ,jordan aga91 b to ,ephraim 7xi4 #ed71 a t[n on ! bord] betwe5 ,judea & ,sam>ia1 & f !re he />t$ t[>ds ,j]usalem :5 ! ,passov] drew ne>4 ,?is record ( ,john has1 z ,dr4 ,s&ay has rec5tly rem>k$ 7,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcj71 s _m m>ks ( v]isimilitude t x mu/ be accept$ z a true tradition4 ,x dem&s ?us t 9 our conception ( ! la/ j\rney f ,galilee room be f\nd = sev]al excursions to ,j]usalem or its neighborhood4 ,"o ( ^! at lea/--to ! fea/ ( ,d$ication 7x4 #bb7--repres5ts ano!r ef=t to ga!r ! *ildr5 ( ,j]usalem4 ,:ile n )\t success1 = at lea/ ! bl9d man re/or$ by ,jesus gave him ! full fai? he s\ght 7ix4 #ce-ch71 x %[$ ) full] cle>ness ! det]m9$ ho/ility to ,jesus ( ! influ5tial class 7x4 #ci74 #afh4 ,x has be5 cu/om>y to f9d 9 ! long section peculi> to ,luke 7ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad7 a full] acc\nt ( ! ,p]ean m9i/ry1 z x has be5 call$4 ,= x op5s ) a f9al dep>ture f ,galilee1 & comes at its close into p>allelism ) ! record ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,yet "s p>ts ( ?is section 9 ,luke belong 9 ! e>li] ,galilean m9i/ry4 ,! blasphemy ( ! ,ph>isees 7xi4 #ad-cf7 is cle>ly id5tical ) ! incid5t record$ 9 ,m>k iii4 #bb-cj1 & ,matt4 xii4 #bb-de2 :ile sev]al incid5ts & disc\rses 7see outl9e prefix$ to ,*apt] ,,iii47 be> s pla9ly ! m>ks ( ! m9i/ry be=e ! revulsion ( popul> favor1 t x is easie/ to ?9k ( !m z actually belong+ to ! e>li] "t1 b assign$ by ,luke to ?is peculi> section because he f\nd no cle> place (f]$ = !m 9 ! record ( ,m>k4 ,n a little1 h[ev]1 ( :at ,luke records "h manife/ly belongs to ! "t :5 ,jesus ref]r$ op5ly to 8 rejection by ! ,jewi% p4 ,! note ( trag$y *>act]i/ic ( lat] disc\rses appe>s 9 ! replies ( ,jesus to c]ta9 w\ld-be disciples 7ix4 #eg-fb71 & 9 8 w>n+ t 8 foll[]s c\nt ! co/ ( disciple%ip 7xiv4 #be-ce74 ,! woes spok5 at a ,ph>isee's table 7xi4 #cg-eb71 ! w>n+ to ! disciples aga9/ ph>isaism 7xii4 #a-ab71 & ! enc\ragem5t ( ! little flock 7xii4 #bb-cd71 ) _m o!r p>agraphs f ?is "p ( ! gospel 7see outl9e at ! head ( ?is *apt]71 evid5tly 7 spok5 at ! "t ( ! approa*+ end4 ,"s n>ratives reflect ! neighborhood ( ,j]usalem1 & naturally corroborate ! indications 9 ! f\r? gospel t ,jesus 0 repeat$ly at ! capital dur+ ?is "t4 ,! p>able ( ! good ,sam>itan1 = in/ance1 mu/ h be5 spok5 9 ,judea1 else :y *oose ! road f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o = ! illu/ration8 ,! visit to ,m>y & ,m>?a %[s ,jesus at ,be?any1 & ! p>able ( ! ,ph>isee & ! ,publican1 nam+ ! temple z ! place ( pray]1 belongs naturally to ,judea4 #afi4 ,! ef=t to f9d ! def9ite progress ( ev5ts 9 ?is "p ( ,luke has n be5 successful4 ,!re are ?ree h9ts ( movem5t t[>ds ,j]usalem1--! introductory m5tion ( ! dep>ture f ,galilee 7ix4 #ea72 a /atem5t t ,jesus w5t on 8 way ?r\gh cities & villages1 j\rney+ on unto ,j]usalem 7xiii4 #bb72 & aga9 a ref]5ce to pass+ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,sam>ia & ,galilee on ! way to ,j]usalem 7xvii4 #aa74 ,! attempt to make ! ?ird ( ^! belong actually to ! la/ /ages ( ! f9al j\rney seems artificial4 ,confess$ly ! expression ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,sam>ia & ,galilee is obscure4 ,x is mu* easi] to und]/&1 h[ev]1 if ! j\rney s describ$ is id5tifi$ ) ! visit to ,sam>ia ) :i* ! dep>ture f ,galilee op5$4 ,x seems probable t ,luke f\nd ^! records ( ev5ts & tea*+s 9 ,jesus' life1 & 0 unable to le>n exactly _! connection 9 "t & place1 s plac$ !m aft] ! close ( ! ,galilean /ory & be=e ! acc\nt ( ! passion1 mu* z lat] "s copyi/ f\nd ! /ory ( ! adult]ess 7,john vii4 #ec to viii4 #aa71 &1 c]ta9 t x 0 a true incid5t1 gave x a place 9 connection ) ! visit to ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles 7p]haps influ5c$ by ,john viii4 #ae74 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! e>lie/ apo/olic writ+--,mat!w's ,logia--probably consi/$ ( j su* disconnect$ records 7see sects4 #bh1 #db71 & t1 z ,jli*] 7,e9leitung i4 d4 ,,nt4 #bce7 has said1 ! e>ly *ur* 0 n int]e/$ 9 :5 ,jesus said or did any?+4 ,its int]e/ 0 9 :at he said & did4 #agj4 ,! "t ( ! dep>ture f ,galilee = ,j]usalem may be set ) mu* probability n long be=e ! fea/ ( ! ,d$ication 9 ,decemb]2 = at t fea/ ,jesus 0 aga9 9 ,j]usalem1 & f x he return$ to ,p]ea 7,john x4 #bb1 #dj-db74 ,he />t$ s\?w>d ?r\gh ,sam>ia 7,luke ix4 #ea ff471 & probably 9 connection ) ! e>ly /ages ( ! j\rney he s5t out ! sev5ty into e city & place :i!r he himself 0 ab\t to come 7,luke x4 #a74 ,x is n unlikely t1 aft] ! s5d+ out ( ^! h]alds1 he w5t ) a few disciples to make "o m ef=t to turn ! he>t ( ,j]usalem to himself 7,john ix41 x474 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :i!r ! sev5ty 7 s5t4 ,! t[ns & cities :i!r ,jesus 0 ab\t to come may h includ$ "s f all portions ( ! l&1 n except+ ,judea4 ,! matt] mu/ be left 9 consid]able obscurity4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be said1 t ! reasons (f]$ = hold+ t ! /ory ( ! s5d+ out ( ! sev5ty is only a d\blet ( ! mission ( ! twelve are n conclusive 7see sect4 ,a #fh74 ,! connection 9 ,luke ( ! woes aga9/ ,cap]naum1 ,be?saida1 & ,*oraz9 ) ! in/ruction ( ! sev5ty is v natural1 & m>ks ?is mission z belong+ to ! close ( ! ,galilean p]iod1 :ile ! mission ( ! twelve belongs to ! height ( ,jesus' popul>ity4 #aga4 ,our k ( ,jesus' visit to ! fea/ ( ,d$ication is due to ,john's int]e/ 9 ! cure at ab\t t "t ( "o born bl9d 7,john ix41 x474 ,! prejudice ( ! sanh$ri/s :o excommunicat$ ! man = 8 loyalty to ,jesus l$ him 9 indignation to contra/ _! me?od ( c>+ = ,god's %eep ) 8 own love & sympa?y & g5u9e m9i/ry to _! ne$s4 ,he saw cle>ly t 8 c\rse mu/ end 9 dea?1 unless a great *ange %\ld come ov] 8 enemies2 yet1 z ! ,good ,%eph]d1 he 0 ready to lay d[n 8 life = ! %eep1 r ?an leave !m to ! he>tlessness ( lead]s :o c>$ only = !mselves 7x4 #aa-ah74 ,! critics ( ,jesus c\ld n1 or w\ld n1 und]/& 8 *>ge aga9/ !m1 & accus$ him ( madness = 8 extraord9>y claims4 ,!re 7 "s1 h[ev]1 :o c\ld n cr$it ! notion t ,jesus _h a devil 7,john x4 #ba74 ,x is possible t x 0 at ?is "t t ! lawy] que/ion$ him ab\t ! bread? ( int]pretation to be giv5 to ! ^w neighbor 9 ! law ( love1 & 0 answ]$ by ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan 7,luke x4 #be-cg74 ,possibly ! p>able ( ! ,ph>isee & ! ,publican 7,luke xviii4 #i-ad7 belongs also to ?is "t4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! visit prov$ anew t ,j]usalem 0 9 no mood to accept ,jesus 7,john x4 #bd-ci74 ,8 enemies s\ght to draw f him a decl>ation ( 8 claim to be ! ,messiah1 & ,jesus appeal$ to 8 works1 ass]t+ t only _! incorrigible prejudice prev5t$ _! recogniz+ 8 claims4 ,he add$ t 8 ,fa!r1 ) :om he 0 ev] 9 p]fect accord1 _h drawn "s fai?ful foll[]s to him1 & !reupon1 ang]$ by 8 claim to close k9%ip ) ,god1 !y appeal$ to ! r\gh logic ( viol5ce 7,john x4 #ca-ci2 comp>e viii4 #ei74 #agb4 ,aft] ?is add$ attempt to w9 ,j]usalem ,jesus )drew to ! region beyond ,jordan1 :]e ,john _h c>ri$ on 8 m9i/ry to ! eag] multitudes4 ,"h he anew attract$ great att5tion1 caus+ p to contra/ 8 m9i/ry ) ! less rem>kable "w ( ,john1 & to ackn[l$ge t ,john's te/imony to him 0 true 7,john x4 #dj-db74 ,possibly x 0 9 ?is place t ! sev5ty f\nd ,jesus :5 !y return$ to report ! success ( _! mission 7,luke x4 #ag-bd71 = ! ?anksgiv+ :i* ,jesus r5d]$ = ! fai? ( ! common p 9 contra/ ) ! unbelief ( ! wise & prud5t might well express 8 feel+ aft] ! fre% evid5ce he _h at ! fea/ ( ,d$ication t ,j]usalem w\ld none ( 8 mission4 ,! invitation to all ! heavy lad5 to take 8 yoke illu/rates1 ?\gh "u ano!r figure1 8 claim to be ! ,good ,%eph]d 7,matt4 xi4 #bh-cj74 ,we h no means ( kn[+ h[ mu* m ( :at ! gospels assign to ! la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem %\ld be put 9 connection ) ?is soj\rn across ! ,jordan4 ,! multitudes t came to him !re may h includ$ ! ,ph>isees :o que/ion$ him ab\t divorce 7,m>k x4 #b-ab71 & ! "y rul] :o lov$ 8 great possessions 7,m>k x4 #ag-ca71 z well z ! p>5ts :o eag]ly s\ght ! ,"l's bless+ = _! *ildr5 7,m>k x4 #ac-af74 ,"s p>ts ( ,luke's n>rative seem to belong /ill lat] 9 ?is j\rney1 yet su* a section z ! reply ( ,jesus to ! report ( ,pilate's slaught] ( ! ,galileans 7xiii4 #a-i71 or ! p>able ( ! ,great ,supp] 7xiv4 #ae-bd71 is suitable to any /age ( x4 #agc4 ,?is soj\rn on ! o!r side ( ,jordan 0 br\ght to a close by ! summons to come to ! aid ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,be?any 7,john xi474 ,x is n /range t ! disciples fe>$ 8 return to ,judea1 nor t ,jesus did n hesitate :5 he recogniz$ ! call ( duty z well z ( fri5d%ip4 ,9 no record$ miracle ( ,jesus is 8 p[] m signally set =?1 yet "h m cle>ly ?an any:]e else he is repres5t$ z dep5d5t on 8 ,fa!r 9 8 ex]cise ( t p[]4 ,! words ( ,jesus at ! grave 7,john xi4 #da1 #db7 %[ t he 0 confid5t ( ! resurrection ( ,laz>us1 because he _h pray$ & 0 sure he 0 he>d4 ,x may be t 8 delay aft] he>+ ( ! sickness ( 8 fri5d 7xi4 #f7 0 a "t ( wait+ = answ]1 & t ?is expla9s 8 confid5ce ( safety :5 ! "t came = him to expose himself aga9 to ! ho/ility ( ,judea4 ,jesus indicat$ n only t on ?is occasion he _h help f above 9 do+ 8 miracles1 b t x 0 ! rule 9 8 life to seek su* help & guidance 7xi4 #db74 ,9 fact1 at a lat] "t he ascrib$ all 8 works to ! ,fa!r abid+ 9 him 7,john xiv4 #aj2 comp>e x4 #be74 ,! effect ( ! resurrection ( ,laz>us 0 su* z to int5sify ! det]m9ation ( ! lead]s 9 ,j]usalem--bo? ,ph>isees & ,sadducees--to get rid ( ,jesus z dang]\s to ! quiet ( ! nation 7,john xi4 #dg-ed74 ,9 ?is x simply s]v$ to fix a det]m9ation already pres5t 7,john vii4 #be1 #cb2 viii4 #ei2 x4 #ca1 #ci74 ,! miracle does n appe> 9 ,john z ! cause ( ! appreh5sion ( ,jesus1 b r z "o influ5ce lead+ to x4 ,x 0 inde$ ! total contradiction betwe5 ,jesus & all curr5t & *]i%$ ideas t l$ to 8 condemnation2 ! rais+ ( ,laz>us only %[$ t he 0 becom+ dang]\sly popul>1 & made ! prie/ly lead]s feel ! necessity ( ha/e4 ,! sil5ce ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels conc]n+ ?is ev5t is truly p]plex+1 yet x is n any m difficult ( explanation1 z ,beys*lag 7,,lj ,i4 #die7 has %[n1 ?an ! sil5ce ( all f\r evangeli/s conc]n+ ! appe>ance ( ! ris5 ,jesus to ,james1 or to ! five hundr$ bre?r5 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #f1 #g74 ,room mu/ be all[$ 9 our conception ( ! life ( ,jesus = _m ?+s ( :i* no record rema9s1 all ! m1 !re=e1 = incid5ts to :i* b "o ( ! gospels is witness4 ,moreov]1 aft] ! collapse ( popul>ity 9 ,galilee1 ! great en?usiasm ( ! multitudes ov] ,jesus :5 he ent]$ ,j]usalem 7,luke xix4 #cg-dj2 ,m>k xi4 #h-aj7 is mo/ easily und]/ood if he _h made "s su* manife/ation ( p[] z ! re/oration ( ,laz>us4 #agd4 ,aft] ! visit to ,be?any ,jesus )drew to a little t[n nam$ ,ephraim1 on ! bord] betwe5 ,judea & ,sam>ia1 & sp5t "s "t !re 9 seclusion ) 8 disciples 7,john xi4 #ed71 d\btless /r5g!n+ 8 p]sonal hold on !m prep>atory to ! %ock _! fai? 0 ab\t to receive4 ,( ! l5g? ( ?is soj\rn no?+ is told u1 nor ( ! road by :i* ,jesus left ,ephraim = ,j]usalem 7,john xii4 #a74 ,! fir/ ?ree gospels %[ t he began 8 f9al approa* to ! ,holy ,city at ,j]i*o 7,m>k x4 #df74 ,x may be t he desc5d$ f ,ephraim direct to ,j]i*o "s days be=e ! ,passov]1 rejo9+ !re "s ( ! p :o _h be5 impress$ by 8 rec5t m9i/ry 9 ! region :]e ,john at ! fir/ 0 baptiz+4 ,x is natural to suppose t x 0 on ?is j\rney to ,j]i*o t he w>n$ 8 disciples aga9 ( ! fate :i* he saw be=e him 9 ,j]usalem 7,m>k x4 #cb-cd71 & q probably x 0 at ?is "t t he rebuk$ ! crude ambition ( ! sons ( ,zeb$ee by rem9d+ !m t 8 disciples mu/ be m ambiti\s to s]ve ?an to rule1 s9ce ev5 ! ,son ( ,man came n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/]1 & to give 8 life a ransom = _m 7,m>k x4 #ce-de74 ,at ,j]i*o he 0 at once cr[d$ ^u by en?usia/ic multitudes4 ,! feel+ !y _h = him may p]haps be inf]r$ f ! cry ( bl9d ,b>timeus1 ,?\ son ( ,david1 h m]cy on me 7,m>k x4 #dh74 ,?is en?usiasm receiv$ a %ock :5 ,jesus *ose to be gue/ 9 ,j]i*o ( a *ief ( ! publicans1 a %ock :i* ,jesus probably int5d$ to give1 = mu* ! same reason t l$ him aft]w>ds on 8 way up to ,j]usalem to tea* 8 foll[]s 9 ! p>able ( ! p\nds t !y mu/ be ready = long delay 9 8 actual assumption ( 8 k+ly "r 7,luke xix4 #aa-bh74 ,f9ally1 six days be=e ! ,passov]1 he & 8 disciples left ,j]i*o & w5t up to ,be?any prep>atory to 8 f9al appe>ance 9 ,j]usalem 7,john xii4 #a74 #age4 ,! int]val betwe5 ! f9al dep>ture f ,galilee & ! public entry into ,j]usalem 0 giv5 to ?ree diff]5t tasks3 ! r5ew$ proclamation ( ! com+ ( ! k+dom1 fur!r ef=ts to w9 acceptance 9 ,j]usalem1 if p]*ance %e might le>n to "k ! ?+s t belong$ to h] peace2 & cont9u$ tra9+ ( ! disciples1 specially ne$$ because ( ! ill-consid]$ en?usiasm ) :i* !y 7 incl9$ to view ! probable issue ( ?is j\rney to ,j]usalem4 ,! fir/ ( ^! tasks 0 conduct$ z ! e>li] "w 9 ,galilee _h be51 bo? by tea*+ & heal+1 9 :i* ,jesus us$ 8 disciples ev5 m ext5sively ?an be=e4 ,x prov$ t "h z 9 ,galilee ! common p 7 ready to he> him gladly1 until he %[$ too radical a disappo9tm5t ( _! hopes4 ,9 ?is new m9i/ry to ! p ,jesus spoke v frankly ( ! s]i\sness ( ! opposition :i* ! lead]s ( ! p 7 manife/+1 & ( ! ne$ t ^? :o w\ld be 8 disciples %\ld c\nt ! co/ ( _! allegiance 7,luke xiii4 #bb-cj2 xiv4 #be-ce2 xii4 #a-ei74 ,he did n hesitate to adm9i/] ! mo/ sca?+ rebuke to ! ,ph>isees = ! sup]ficiality & hypocrisy ( _! religi\s life & tea*+ 7,luke xi4 #cg-ed71--;a rebuke :i* is emphasiz$ by ! p>able 9 :i*1 on ano!r occasion1 he taught ,god's pref]5ce = a contrite s9n] ov] a complac5t sa9t 7,luke xviii4 #i-ad74 ,:5 rem9d$ ( ,pilate's outrage ^u c]ta9 ,galilean wor%ipp]s1 he us$ ! calamity to w>n 8 he>]s t p]sonal godl9ess 0 ! only protection :i* c\ld secure !m aga9/ a m s]i\s outbreak ( ! ho/ility ( ! ,roman p[] 7,luke xiii4 #a-i72 & x 0 probably 9 reply to su* an appeal z accompani$ ?is report ( ,pilate's cruelty t ,jesus spoke ! p>able ( ! ,unju/ ,judge 7,luke xviii4 #a-h71 tea*+ t ,god's love may be tru/$ to be no less reg>dful ( 8 p's cry ?an a selfi% man's love ( ease w\ld be4 #agf4 ,! second ( ^! tasks mu/ n be held to be p]functory1 ev5 ?\gh ea* new ef=t = ,j]usalem prov$ t g5u9e acceptance ( its savi\r 0 increas+ly improbable4 ,z ! d5unciations ( ! old] prophets ev] left op5 a way ( escape if ,israel w\ld return & seek ! ,"l1 s ! anticipation ( rejection & dea? :i* fill$ ! he>t ( ,jesus does n bani% a l if f 8 own ?\ght ( ,j]usalem 9 8 repeat$ ef=ts to ga!r h] *ildr54 ,! comb9ation ( ! new popul> en?usiasm & ! fre% pro(s ( ! hopelessness ( w9n+ ,j]usalem made m important ! ?ird task1--! f\nd+ ( ! fai? ( ! disciples on ! rock ( p]sonal c]ta9ty1 f :i* ! ris+ floods ( hatr$ & seem+ ru9 = ! ,ma/]'s cause c\ld n sweep x4 ,x 0 = !m t mu* ( 8 in/ruction ( ! multitudes 0 d\btless prim>ily int5d$2 !y ne$$ above all o!rs to c\nt ! co/ ( disciple%ip 7,luke xiv4 #be-ce71 & ! w>n+s aga9/ ! _s ( ,ph>isaism 7,luke xii47 7 address$ pr9cipally to !m1 ev5 z x 0 to !m t ,jesus confess$ ! /rait5+ ( 8 own s\l 9 view ( ! fire :i* he _h come to ca/ ^u ! e>? 7,luke xii4 #di-ec71--;a confession :i* _h ano!r expression :5 he f\nd x ne$ful to rebuke ! p]sonal ambition ( ! sons ( ,zeb$ee 7,m>k x4 #ce-de74 ,z = ,jesus himself1 ! popul> en?usiasm _h n deceiv$ him1 nor ! obdurate unbelief ( ,j]usalem daunt$ him1 nor 8 disciples' misconception ( 8 k+dom di%e>t5$ him2 he /ill /eadfa/ly set 8 face to g to ,j]usalem4 ,outl9e ( ,ev5ts 9 ! ,la/ ,week ( ,jesus' ,life ,saturday 7874 ,! ano9t+ 9 ,be?any six days be=e ! ,passov]--,matt4 xxvi4 #f-ac2 ,m>k xiv4 #c-i2 ,john xi4 #ee to xii4 #aa4 ,sunday 7874 ,! ,messianic entry--,matt4 xxi4 #a-aa2 ,m>k xi4 #a-aa2 ,luke six4 #bi-dd2 ,john xii4 #ab-ai4 ,monday 7874 ,visit to ! temple3 ! curs+ ( ! b>r5 fig-tree--,matt4 xxi4 #ah-ai1 #ab-ag2 ,m>k xi4 #ab-ad1 #ae-ah2 ,luke xix4 #de1 #dg1 #dh4 ,return to ,be?any = ! night--,matt4 xxi4 #ag2 ,m>k xi4 #ai2 ,luke xxi4 #cg1 #ch4 ,tuesday 7874 ,visit to ! temple3 ! fig-tree f\nd )]$--,matt1 xxi #bj-bc2 ,m>k xi4 #bj-bg2 ,luke xx4 #a4 ,*all5ge ( ,jesus' au?ority--,matt4 xxi4 #bc-bg2 ,m>k xi4 #bg-cc2 ,luke xx4 #a-h4 ,?ree p>ables aga9/ ! religi\s lead]s--,matt4 xxi4 #bh to xxii4 #ad2 ,m>k xii4 #a-ab2 ,luke xx4 #i-ai4 ,! "q ab\t tribute--,matt4 xxii4 #ae-bb2 ,m>k xii4 #ac-ag2 ,luke xx4 #bj-bf4 ,! "q ( ! ,sadducees ab\t ! resurrection--,matt4 xxii4 #bc-cc2 ,m>k xii4 #ah-bg2 ,luke xx4 #bg-dj4 ,! "q ( ! ,ph>isees ab\t ! great comm&m5t--,matt4 xxii4 #cd-dj2 ,m>k xii4 #bh-cd4 ,jesus' c\nt]-"q ab\t ,david's son & ,"l--,matt4 xxii4 #da-df2 ,m>k xii4 #ce-cg2 ,luke xx4 #da-dd4 ,jesus' d5unciation ( ! scribes & ,ph>isees--,matt1 xxiii4 #a-ci2 ,m>k xii4 #ch-dj2 ,luke xx4 #de-dg4 ,! wid['s two mites--,m>k xii4 #da-dd2 ,luke xxi4 #a-d4 ,! visit ( ! ,greeks--,john xii4 #bj-cf;a4 ,f9al dep>ture f ! temple--,john xii4 #cf;b 7-#ej74 ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & ! end ( ! _w--,matt4 xxiv4 #a to xxvi4 #b2 ,m>k xiii4 #a-cg2 ,luke xxi4 #e-ch4 ,plot ( ,judas to betray ,jesus--,matt4 xxvi4 #c-e1 #ad-af2 ,m>k xiv4 #a1 #b1 #aj1 #aa2 ,luke xxii4 #a-f4 ,w$nesday4 ,retirem5t at ,be?any4 787 ,?ursday4 ,! ,la/ ,supp]--,matt4 xxvi4 #ag-cj2 ,m>k xiv4 #ab-bf2 ,luke xxii4 #g-cj2 ,john xiii4 #a-cj4 ,! f>ewell words ( admonition & com=t--,john xiii4 #ca to xvi4 #cc4 ,! int]cessory pray]--,john xvii4 #a-bf4 ,friday4 ,! agony 9 ,ge?semane--,matt4 xxvi4 #cj1 #cf-df2 ,m>k xiv4 #bf1 #cb-db2 ,luke xxii4 #ci-df2 ,john xviii4 #a4 ,! betrayal & arre/--,matt xxvi4 #dg-ef2 ,m>k xiv4 #dc-eb2 ,luke xxii4 #dg-ec2 ,john xviii4 #a-ab4 ,trial be=e ! high-prie/s & sanh$r9--,matt4 xxvi4 #eg to xxvii4 #aj2 ,m>k xiv4 #ec to xv4 #a;a2 ,luke xxii4 #ed-ga2 ,john xviii4 #ab-bg4 ,trial be=e ,pilate--,matt1 xxvii4 #aa-ca2 ,m>k xv4 #a-bj2 ,luke xxiii4 #a-be2 ,john xviii4 #bh to xix4 #af;a4 ,! crucifixion--,matt1 xxvii4 #cb-ef2 ,m>k xv4 #ba-da2 ,luke xxiii4 #bf-di2 ,john xix4 #af-cg4 ,! burial--,matt1 xxvii4 #eg-fa2 ,m>k xv4 #db-dg2 ,luke xxiii4 #ej-ef2 ,john xix4 #ch-db4 ,saturday4 ,! ,sabba? re/--,luke xxiii4 #ef;b4 ,! wat* at ! tomb--,matt1 xxvii4 #fb-ff4 ,,vi ,! ,f9al ,controv]sies 9 ,j]usalem #agg4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+s ( ,jesus & 9 8 de$s1 b !y ?\ght (t5e/ ( ! victory :i* by 8 resurrection he won out ( seem+ defeat4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t ( ! fir/ two gospels ov] "o ?ird1 ( ,luke ov] "o fif?1 & ( ! f\r? gospel ne>ly "o half are devot$ to ! /ory ( ! passion & resurrection4 ,?is prepond]ance is n /range 9 view ( ! %ock :i* ! dea? ( ,jesus caus$ 8 disciples1 & ! new life :i* ! resurrection br\ght to _! he>ts4 ,! resurrection 0 ! fundam5tal !me ( apo/olic prea*+1 ! supreme evid5ce t ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah4 ,h5ce ! cross e>ly became ! object ( exultant ,*ri/ian joy & boa/+2 & 9 ?is ! *ur* ent]$ actually into ! ,"l's own ?\ght1 = ?r\gh ! cross he look$ = 8 exaltation & glory 7,m>k viii4 #ca2 ,john xii4 #bc-cf74 ,f ! "t ( ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 he _h _h 8 dea? av[$ly 9 view1 & _h repeat$ly *eck$ ! ambiti\s & un?9k+ en?usiasm ( 8 disciples by rem9d+ !m ( :at he mu/ receive at ! h&s ( ! lead]s ( ! p4 ,! few mon?s prec$+ 8 f9al appe>ance 9 ,j]usalem _h be5 devot$ to ! j\rney to ! cross4 ,?is expla9s ! note ( trag$y :i* appe>s 9 8 tea*+s at ?is p]iod4 ,! p _h %[n t !y w\ld none ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,9 ?is !y _h writt5 _! national & religi\s dea? w>rant1 & z he approa*$ ,j]usalem = ! f9al crisis he decl>$1 ?\gh ) almo/ break+ he>t1 ,y\r h\se is left unto y desolate 7,luke xiii4 #ca-ce74 ,ea* new ef=t ( ,jesus to turn aside ! imp5d+ judgm5t ( 8 p by w9n+ _! acceptance ( himself & 8 message result$ 9 a new c]ta9ty ( 8 ultimate rejection1 & ?us 9 confirmation ( ! e>ly recogniz$ necessity1 t1 if he cont9u$ ! "w ,god _h giv5 him to d1 he %\ld suff] _m ?+s1 & die at ! h&s ( 8 own p4 #agh4 ,! la/ *apt] 9 8 public m9i/ry began ) 8 arrival at ,be?any six days be=e ! ,passov]4 ,x is probable t ! c>avan ) :i* ,jesus 0 travell+ rea*$ ,be?any n f> f ! sunset :i* m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,sabba? prec$+ ! fea/4 ,jesus _h fri5ds !re :o gladly gave him ent]ta9m5t1 & ! ,sabba? 0 d\btless sp5t quietly 9 ?is retreat4 ,! holy day clos$ ) ! sett+ sun1 & !n 8 ho/s 7 able to %[ him ! special att5tion :i* !y desir$4 ,! g5]al cordiality ( welcome express$ itself 9 a fea/ giv5 9 ! h\se ( "o ,simon1 a lep] :o _h probably exp]i5c$ ! p[] ( ,jesus to heal4 ,he may h be5 a relative also ( ,laz>us1 = ,m>?a assi/$ 9 ! ent]ta9m5t1 & ,laz>us 0 "o ( ! gue/s ( honor 7,m>k xiv4 #c2 ,john xii4 #b74 ,dur+ ! fea/1 ,m>y1 ! si/] ( ,laz>us1 p\r$ =? on ! head & feet ( ,jesus a box ( ! r>e/ p]fume4 ,?is act ( co/ly adoration seem$ extravagant to "s1 p>ticul>ly to "o ( ,jesus' disciples1 :o compla9$ t ! money c\ld h be5 bett] sp5t4 ,?is criticism ( "o :o _h n c\nt$ co/ 9 h] s]vice 0 rebuk$ by ,jesus1 :o def5d$ & comm5d$ ,m>y2 = 9 ! act he recogniz$ h] fe> t he might n be long ) h] 7,m>k xiv4 #h2 ,john xii4 #g74 ,x is probable t ?is rebuke1 ) ! cle> ref]5ce to 8 approa*+ dea?1 l$ ,judas to decide to ab&on ! app>5tly wan+ cause ( 8 ,ma/]1 & b>ga9 ) ! lead]s 9 ,j]usalem to betray him 7,m>k xiv4 #c-aa74 #agi4 ,! day foll[+ ! supp] at ,be?any--t is1 ! fir/ day ( ! week--witness$ ! welcome ( ,jesus to ,j]usalem by ! jubilant multitudes4 ,8 mode ( ent]+ ! city af=ds a m>k$ contra/ to 8 treatm5t ( ! det]m9ation to make him k+ aft] he _h f$ ! multitudes 9 ,galilee 7,john vi4 #ae74 ,9 "s respects ! circum/ances 7 simil>4 ,a multitude ( ! visitors to ! fea/1 he>+ t ,jesus 0 at ,be?any on 8 way to ,j]usalem1 w5t out to meet him ) a welcome t %[$ _! en?usia/ic confid5ce t at la/ he w\ld assume ,messianic p[] & r$eem ,israel 7,john xii4 #ab1 #ac74 ,jesus 0 n[ ready = a popul> demon/ration1 = ! rul]s 7 unwill+ long] to tol]ate 8 "w & 8 tea*+4 ,he _h nev] hesitat$ to ass]t 8 sup]iority to (ficial criticism1 & at l5g? ! h\r _h come to proclaim ! full significance ( 8 indep5d5ce4 ,9 fact x 0 = ?is t "s mon?s be=e he _h set 8 face /eadfa/ly to g to ,j]usalem4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! cr[d f ,j]usalem appe>$1 ,jesus took ! initiative 9 a g5u9e ,messianic demon/ration4 ,he s5t two ( 8 disciples to a place ne> by to borr[ an ass's colt1 on :i* he might ride into ! city1 fulfill+ ,ze*>iah's prophecy ( ! k+ t come? meek1 & rid+ ^u an ass 7see ,matt4 xxi4 #d1 #e74 ,at ?is1 ! en?usiasm ( 8 foll[]s1 & ( ^? :o _h come to meet him1 became unb\nd$1 & )\t rebuke f ,jesus !y proce$$ t[>ds ,j]usalem cry+1 ,hosanna2 ,bless$ is he t come? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l 7,m>k xi4 #i1 #aj74 ,not)/&+ ! remon/rances ( c]ta9 ,ph>isees among ! multitude 7,luke xix4 #ci71 ,jesus accept$ ! hosannas1 = !y s]v$ to emphasize ! claim :i* he n[ wi%$1 )\t res]ve or ambiguity1 to make 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! "t = res]ve _h pass$4 ,! mass ( ! p ) _! lead]s _h %[n cle>ly t = 8 tru?1 & himself z be>] ( x1 !y _h no lik+2 :ile ! few _h become atta*$ to him suffici5tly to w>rant ! supreme te/ ( _! fai?4 ,he c\ld n cont9ue long] 8 ef=ts to w9 ! p1 = bo? ,galilee & ,judea 7 clos$ to him4 ,ev5 if he _h be5 cont5t1 )\t contradict+ popul> ideas1 to "w wond]s & proclaim promises ( com+ good1 he c\ld ) difficulty h cont9u$ ?is "w1 = ,h]od _h already be5 reg>d+ him ) suspicion 7,luke xiii4 #ca74 ,he _h run 8 c\rse & mu/ measure /r5g? ) ! ho/ile =ces 9 ,j]usalem4 ,= ! la/ enc\nt] he assum$ ! aggressive1 & ent]$ ! city z its promis$ deliv]]1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,! v me?od ( 8 ,messianic proclamation 0 a *all5ge ( curr5t ,jewi% ideas1 = !y 7 n look+ = s meek & peaceful a lead] z ,ze*>iah _h conceiv$2 ?is entrance emphasiz$ ! old contradiction betwe5 ,jesus & 8 p's expectations4 ,he accept$ ! popul> welcome ) full k ( ! transitor9ess ( ! pres5t en?usiasm4 ,z he advanc$ he saw 9 ?\ght ! fate to :i* ! city & p 7 bl9dly hurry+1 & 8 day ( popul> triumph 0 a day ( te>s 7,luke xix4 #da-dd74 ,! city 0 /irr$ :5 ! prophet ( ,naz>e? ?us ent]$ x2 b he simply w5t into ! temple1 look$ ab\t ) heavy he>t1 &1 z x 0 late1 return$ to ,be?any ) ! twelve = ! night4 #ahj4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,jesus furni%$ to 8 disciples a p>able 9 action illu/rat+ ! fate await+ ! nation2 = x is only z a p>able t ! curse ( ! b>r5 fig-tree c be und]/ood4 ,! idea t ,jesus %[$ res5tm5t at disappo9tm5t ( 8 hung] :5 he f\nd no figs on ! tree out ( season is too petty = consid]ation4 ,he 0 drawn to x by ! e>ly foliage1 = x 0 n yet ! season = ei!r fruit or leaves4 ,"o is tempt$ to believe1 z ,dr4 ,bruce has sugge/$1 t he _h small expectation ( f9d+ fruit1 & t ev5 be=e he rea*$ ! tree ) its e>ly leaves he felt a lik5ess betwe5 x & ! nation ( hypocrites ^: fate 0 s cle> 9 8 m9d4 ,! )]+ ( ! fig-tree set 8 disciples ?9k+2 & ,jesus %[$ t x 0 an object lesson1 promis+ t ! disciples1 by ! ex]cise ( b a little fai?1 c\ld d m1 ev5 remove m\nta9s1--su* m\nta9s ( difficulty z ! opposition ( ! :ole ,jewi% nation w\ld (f] to ! success ( _! "w 9 _! ,ma/]'s "n4 #aha4 ,! curse ^u ! b>r5 fig-tree 0 spok5 z ,jesus 0 go+ f ,be?any to ,j]usalem on ! morn+ aft] 8 ,messianic entry1 t is1 on ,monday1 & x 0 ,tuesday :5 ! disciples f\nd x )]$ away 7,m>k xi4 #ab-ad1 #bj-be74 ,on ,monday ,jesus ent]$ into ! temple & taught & heal$ 7,luke xix4 #dg2 ,matt4 xxi4 #ad-af74 ,x is at ?is po9t t ,m>k ins]ts ! cleans+ ( ! temple :i* ,john %[s to belong r to ,jesus' fir/ public visit to ,j]usalem4 ,! place :i* ?is incid5t holds 9 ! fir/ ?ree gospels has already be5 expla9$ by ! fact t x furni%$ "o cause = ! (ficial ho/ility to ,jesus1 & t ,m>k's /ory includ$ no e>li] visit to ! holy city 7sect4 #aaf2 see ,a #ci74 #ahb4 ,tuesday1 ! la/ day ( public activity1 exhibits ,jesus 9 f\r diff]5t lights1 accord+ z he _h to d ) 8 critics1 ) ! dev\t wid[1 ) ! inquir+ ,greeks1 & ) 8 own disciples4 ,! opposition to him express$ itself1 aft] ! g5]al *all5ge ( 8 au?ority1 9 ?ree que/ions put 9 succession by ,ph>isees & ,h]odians1 by ,sadducees1 & by a scribe1 m e>ne/ ?an mo/1 :om ! ,ph>isees put =w>d aft] !y _h se5 h[ ,jesus sil5c$ ! ,sadducees4 ,jesus met ! op5+ *all5ge by a "q ab\t ,john's baptism 7,m>k xi4 #bi-cc7 :i* completely de/roy$ ! complac5cy ( 8 critics1 putt+ !m on ! def5sive4 ,?is 0 m ?an a clev] /roke1 !y c\ld n "k :at 8 au?ority 0 unless !y _h a quick s5se = spiritual ?+s4 ,8 "q w\ld h s]v$ to br+ ?is to ! surface if !y _h possess$ x4 ,_! reply %[$ !m incapable ( receiv+ a real answ] to _! "q4 ,x also gave him opportunity to say 9 ?ree significant p>ables 7,matt4 xxi4 #bh to xxii4 #ad7 :at _! spiritual bl9dness signifi$ = !m & _! nation1 giv+ ?us a turn to ! int]view n at all to _! m9ds4 ,z ,jesus' rebuke 0 spok5 9 ! he>+ ( ! p1 a det]m9$ ef=t 0 at once made to discr$it him 9 ! popul> m9d4 ,! "q 7,m>k xii4 #ac-ag7 ) :i* ! ,ph>isees & ,h]odians hop$ to ensn>e him 0 mo/ subtle1 = ! popul> feel+ 0 z s5sitive to ! m>k ( subs]vi5cy :i* ! paym5t ( tribute kept ev] be=e !m z ! ,roman au?orities 7 to ! slighte/ suspicion ( revolt aga9/ _! sway4 ,9 none ( 8 words _h ,jesus s cle>ly ass]t$ ! simple o!r-worldl9ess ( 8 doctr9e ( ! k+dom ( ,god z 9 8 answ] to ! "q ab\t tribute4 ,= him loyalty to ! actual e>?ly sov]eign 0 q compatible ) loyalty to ,god1 ! l[] obligation 0 9 fact a summons to be scrupul\s also to r5d] to ,god 8 due1--a duty 9 :i* ?is nation 0 sadly del9qu5t4 ,! reply gave no gr\nd = an accusation be=e ! gov]nor2 b ! popul> feel+ aga9/ ,rome 0 s /rong t x is n unlikely t x contribut$ some:at to ! read9ess ( ! multitude a few days lat] to pref] ,b>abbas to ,jesus4 #ahc4 ,a second assault 0 made by "s ,sadducees :o put to him a crude "q ab\t ! relations ( a sev5-times m>ri$ woman 9 ! resurrection 7,m>k xii4 #ah-bg74 ,if ?is "q 0 ask$ ) ! expectation ( mak+ ,jesus ridicul\s 9 ! sight ( ! p x 0 a m>k$ failure1 = 8 reply 0 s simple & /raight=w>d t he won ! admiration ev5 ( "s ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,! mo/ significant feature ( x 0 8 argum5t f ,god's ref]5ce to himself z ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 = 9 t he taught t ! fact ( fell[%ip ) ,god implies t ,god's s]vants %>e ) him a life t dea? _c vanqui%4 ,! skill ) :i* ,jesus met ^! two que/ions int]e/$ "s ( 8 he>]s & %[$ to 8 oppon5ts t !y mu/ put =w>d _! able/ *ampions to cope ) him4 ,! next te/ 0 m purely academic 9 "*1--z to :at class ( comm&s is greate/ 9 ! law 7,m>k xii4 #bh-cd74 ,= ! ph>isaic s*ol>s ?is 0 a favorite problem4 ,= ,jesus1 h[ev]1 ! "q conta9$ no problem1 s9ce all ! law is summ$ up 9 ! two comm&m5ts ( love4 ,8 contempor>ies 7 n )\t p[] to see ! tru? ( 8 g5]alization1 & _! *ampion 9 ?is la/ attack 0 mov$ ) admiration = ! f95ess & suffici5cy ( ,jesus' answ]4 #ahd4 ,all ( ! assaults s]v$ only to %[ fre%ly ! cle>ness & pr(\ndness ( 8 ?\ght2 8 critics 7 q discomfit$ 9 _! ef=t to entangle him4 ,!y _h done ) him1 b he _h /ill a ^w = !m4 ,! bus9ess ( ^! scribes 0 ! /udy ( ! scriptures4 ,!y furni%$ ! p ) au?oritative /atem5ts ( tru?4 ,"o ( ! common-places ( ! curr5t ?\ght 0 t ! ,messiah %\ld be ,david's son4 ,jesus did n d5y ! tru? ( ?is view1 yet he %[$ !m h[ p>tial _! ideas 7 by quot+ a ^w ( scripture 9 :i* ! ,messiah is %[n z ,david's ,"l4 ,if !y _h be5 op5-m9d$ !y might h inf]r$ f ?is t p]haps ! man be=e !m 0 n s impossible a ,messiah z !y ?\ght4 ,?is la/ "q clos$ ! colloquy2 !re await$ yet1 h[ev]1 ,jesus' calm1 sca?+ arraignm5t ( ! hypocrisy ( ^! religi\s lead]s4 ,!re 0 no long] any ne$ = prud5ce & e reason = a cle> indication ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 himself & ! scribes 9 motive1 9 tea*+1 & 9 "*4 ,! f9al conflict 0 on1 & ,jesus freely spoke 8 m9d conc]n+ _! :ole life ( piety )\t godl9ess4 ,nev] h %>p] words ( reproa* fall5 f human lips ?an ^! :i* ,jesus direct$ aga9/ ! scribes & ,ph>isees2 !y are burd5$ ) indignation = ! mislead+ ( ! p1 ) rebuke = ! misrepres5tation ( ,god's tru?1 & ) scorn = _! holl[ pret5ce ( righte\sness4 ,?r\gh x all brea!s a note ( sorr[ = ! city ^: h\se 0 n[ left to h] desolate4 ,! *ange ( sc5e :i* introduces ! wid[ (f]+ h] gift 9 ! temple treasury height5s ! significance ( ! controv]sies ?r\gh :i* ,jesus _h j pass$4 ,9 8 comm5t on ! wor? ( h] two mites we he> aga9 ! prea*] ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt1 & are assur$ t x is inde$ f him t ! sev]e rebukes :i* h fall5 on ! scribes h come4 ,!re is aga9 a ref]5ce to ! insight ( him :o sees 9 secret1 & :o judges z he sees2 :ile allusion is n lack+ to ! o!rs ^: l>g] gifts attract$ a wid] att5tion4 ,! :ole sc5e is l a comm5t>y on ,matt4 vi4 #b-d4 #ahe4 ,/ill a diff]5t side ( ,jesus' life appe>s :5 ! ,greeks seek him 9 ! temple4 ,!y 7 probably proselytes f "s ( ! ,greek cities ab\t ! ,m$it]ranean :]e ! synagogue (f]$ to ! e>ne/-m9d$ a welcome relief f ! fooli%ness & corruption ( :at 0 left ( religion 9 ! hea!n _w4 ,hav+ visit$ ,j]usalem = ! fea/1 !y he>d on e h& ab\t ! new tea*]4 ,!y 7 n s b\nd to rabb9ic traditions z ! ,jews !mselves1 !y _h be5 drawn by ! f9] features ( ,judaism1--its high morality & its noble idea ( ,god4 ,:at !y he>d ( ,jesus might well attract !m1 & !y s\ght out ,philip1 a disciple ) a ,greek "n1 to reque/ an int]view ) 8 ,ma/]4 ,! evangeli/ :o has pres]v$ ! incid5t 7,john xii4 #bj-cf7 evid5tly introduc$ x because ( :at x %[$ ( ,jesus' inn] life2 h5ce we h no report ( ! conv]sation betwe5 him & 8 visitors4 ,! effect ( _! seek+ him 0 m>k$1 h[ev]1 = x (f]$ %>p contra/ to ! rejection :i* he already felt 9 8 deal+s ) ! p :o b two days be=e _h hail$ him z ,messiah4 ,?is =eign int]e/ 9 him did n sugge/ a new av5ue = ,messianic "w1 x only br\ght be=e 8 m9d ! influ5ce :i* 0 to be 8 9 ! _w :i* ^! inquir]s repres5t$1 & imm$iately ) ! ?\ght ( 8 glorification came t ( ! means !reto1--! cross ^: %ad[ 0 already d>k5+ 8 pa?4 ,except+ ,ge?semane1 no m solemn mom5t 9 ,jesus' life is report$ = u4 ,a glimpse is giv5 into ! inn] curr5ts ( 8 s\l1 & ! /orm :i* toss$ !m is se54 ,x is 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! calmness ( 8 controv]sy ) ! lead]s1 & to ! g5tl5ess ( 8 comm5dation ( ! wid[4 ,! agitation pass$ almo/ at once1 b x left ,jesus 9 a mood :i* he _h n %[n be=e on t day2 9 x 8 own ?\ghts _h _! way1 & ! doctr9e ( ! gra9 ( :eat dy+ to appe> 9 l>g] life1 ( ! ,son ( ,man lift$ up to draw all m5 unto him1 _h utt]ance1 greatly to ! p]plexity ( 8 he>]s4 ,x seems to h be5 "o ( ! few times :5 ,jesus spoke = 8 own s\l's relief4 #ahf4 ,9 all ! e>li] ev5ts ( ! day ! disciples ( ,jesus appe> b little4 ,he is occupi$ ) o!rs1 accept+ ! *all5ge ( ! lead]s1 & complet+ 8 te/imony to ! tru? !y refus$ to he>4 ,! quiet] h\rs ( ! lat] "p ( ! day gave "t = fur!r words ) 8 fri5ds4 ,! comm5t on ! wid['s gift 0 meant = !m1 & ! uncov]+ ( 8 own s\l :5 ! ,greeks s\ght him 0 9 _! pres5ce4 ,aft] he _h left ! temple & ! city he gave himself to !m m exclusively4 ,8 disciples 7 p]plex$ by :at !y saw & felt1 = ! temp] ( ! p t[>d _! ,ma/] c\ld n be mi/ak54 ,yet !y 7 sure ( him4 ,! lead]s among !m1 !re=e1 ask$ him privately to tell !m :5 ! cata/rophe %\ld come1 to :i* dur+ ! day he _h made repeat$ ref]5ce4 ,! conv]sation :i* foll[$ is report$ = u 9 ! disc\rse on ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & ! end ( ! _w 7,m>k xiii4 & p>allels71 9 :i* ,jesus taught 8 disciples to expect tr\ble 9 _! m9i/ry1 z he 0 meet+ tr\ble 9 82 & to be ready = complete disappo9tm5t ( _! inh]it$ hopes = ! glory ( _! holy city4 ,he also taught !m to expect t 8 "w w\ld %ortly be c>ri$ to p]fection1 & to live 9 expectancy ( 8 com+ to complete all t he 0 n[ seem+ to leave undone4 ,?is lesson ( pati5ce & expectancy is en=c$ 9 a gr\p ( p>ables pres]v$ = u 9 ,mat!w 7*ap4 xxv471 clos+ ) ! rem>kable picture ( ! end ( all ?+s :5 ! ,ma/] %\ld return 9 glory z judge ( all to make f9al ann\ncem5t ( ! simplicity ( ,god's requirem5t ( righte\sness1 z x _h be5 exhibit$ 9 ! life :i* by ! despite ( m5 0 n[ draw+ to its close4 #ahg4 ,! b>ga9 made by ,judas to betray 8 ,"l has always be5 difficult to und]/&4 ,! man mu/ h _h f9e possibilities or ,jesus w\ld n h *os5 him = an apo/le1 nor w\ld ! little company h made him its treasur] 7,john xii4 #f2 xiii4 #bi74 ,! fact t ,jesus e>ly discov]$ 8 "* 7,john vi4 #fd7 does n compel u to ?9k t 8 selection z an apo/le 0 n p]fectly s9c]e2 ! man mu/ h seem$ to be /ill savable & wor?y ?us to be associat$ ) ! elev5 o!rs :o 7 ,jesus' ne>e/ companions4 ,x has (t5 be5 notic$ t he 0 probably ! only ,judean among ! twelve1 = ,k]io?1 8 home1 0 a t[n 9 s\!rn ,judea4 ,! ef=t has frequ5tly be5 made to r$eem 8 reputation by attribut+ 8 betrayal to "s high motive--su* z a desire to =ce 8 ,ma/] to use 8 ,messianic p[]1 & conf\nd 8 oppon5ts by escap+ f _! h&s & sett+ up ! hop$-= k+dom4 ,b ! remorse ( ,judas1 9 :i* ,de ,qu9cey f9ds support = ?is !ory ( ! betrayal1 mu/ be m simply & sadly und]/ood4 ,x is m likely t ! traitor illu/rates ,jesus' words3 ,no man c s]ve two ma/]s2 = ei!r he w hate ! "o & love ! o!r2 or else he w hold to ! "o & despise ! o!r4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon 7,matt4 vi4 #bd74 ,! beg9n+ ( 8 fall may h be5 8 disappo9tm5t :5 ,jesus %[$ cle>ly t he w\ld n e/abli% a k+dom con=m$ to ! popul> ideas4 ,z ! en?usiasm :i* drew him to ,jesus cool$1 p]sonal gre$1 ) some?+ ( res5tm5t at ! cause ( 8 disappo9tm5t1 seem to h tak5 possession ( him1 & !y l$ him on until ! /++ rebuke :i* ,jesus adm9i/]$ to ! criticism ( ,m>y at ,be?any prompt$ ! man to seek a b>ga9 ) ! au?orities :i* %\ld insure him at lea/ "s pr(it 9 ! g5]al wreck ( 8 hopes4 ,8 remorse aft] he saw 9 its bald hide\sness :at he _h done 0 psy*ologically inevitable4 ,al?\gh ,jesus 0 aw>e ( ,judas' "* f ! beg9n+ 7,john vi4 #fd71 he t came to seek & to save t :i* 0 lo/ 0 no fatali/2 & ?is k 0 d\btless--l t :i* he _h ( ! fate hang+ ov] ,j]usalem--subject to ! possibility t rep5tance might *ange :at 0 o!rwise a c]ta9 de/9y4 ,z ! ev5t turn$ he c\ld only say1 ,good 7 x = t man if he _h n be5 born 7,m>k xiv4 #ba74 #ahh4 ,) ?is ! curta9 falls on ! public m9i/ry ( ,jesus4 ,! gospels sugge/ a day ( quiet retirem5t foll[+ ^! controv]sies & w>n+s1 ) _! fre% demon/ration ( ! irreconcilable ho/ility ( p ( all classes to him & 8 "w4 ,aft] ! seclusion ( t day1 he return$ to give f9al pro( ( complete ob$i5ce to 8 ,fa!r's w4 ,,vii ,! ,la/ ,supp] #ahi4 ,on ,?ursday ,jesus & 8 disciples return$ to ,j]usalem = ! la/ "t4 ,kn[+ ! temp] ( ! lead]s1 & ! dang] ( arre/ at any "t1 ,jesus 0 p>ticul>ly eag] to eat ! ,passov] ) 8 disciples 7,luke xxii4 #ae71 & he s5t two ( !m--,luke names !m z ,pet] & ,john--to prep>e = ! supp]4 ,9 a way :i* w\ld give no in=mation to su* a "o z ,judas1 he direct$ !m c>efully h[ to f9d ! h\se :]e a fri5d w\ld provide !m ! upp] room t 0 ne$$ = an undi/urb$ meet+ ( ! little b&1 & ! two w5t on 9 advance to make ready4 ,:5 ! h\r 0 come ,jesus ) ! o!rs w5t to ! appo9t$ place & sat d[n = ! supp] 7,m>k xiv4 #ag2 ,luke xxii4 #ad2 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bj74 #aij4 ,! gospels all report ! la/ ev5+ :i* ! little company sp5t toge!r4 ,!re is a p]plex+ div]g5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ,john & ! o!rs conc]n+ ! relation ( ?is supp] to ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,9 _! introduction ( ! /ory1 ,m>k & 8 companion gospels indicate t ! supp] :i* ,jesus ate 0 ! ,passov] meal itself4 ,john1 on ! o!r h&1 decl>es t x 0 be=e ! fea/ ( ! ,passov] 7xiii4 #a7 t ,jesus took ?is meal ) 8 disciples4 ,john's acc\nt is consi/5t ?r\gh\t1 = he /ates t on ! next day ! desire ( ! ,jews to eat ! ,passov] =bade !m to ent] ! h\se ( ! gov]nor le/ !y %\ld incur defilem5t 7xviii4 #bh74 ,! o!r gospels1 moreov]1 h9t 9 sev]al ways t ! day ( ,jesus' dea? c\ld n h be5 ! day aft] ! ,passov]2 t is1 ! fir/ day ( ! fea/ ( unleav5$ bread4 ,dr4 ,s&ay has rec5tly enum]at$ ^! afre%1 rem>k+ t ! ,synopti/s make ! ,sanh$r9 say be=eh& t !y w n arre/ ,jesus 'on ! fea/ day1' & !n actually arre/ him on t day2 t n only ! gu>ds1 b "o ( ! disciples 7,m>k xiv4 #dg71 c>ries arms1 :i* on ! fea/ day 0 n all[$2 t ! trial 0 also held on ! fea/ day1 :i* w\ld be unlawful2 t ! fea/ day w\ld n be call$ simply ,prep>ation 7see ,m>k xv4 #db1 & comp>e ,john xix4 #ca72 t ! phrase 'com+ f ! field' 7,m>k xv4 #ba ,greek7 means prop]ly 'com+ f "w2' t ,joseph ( ,arima!a is repres5t$ z buy+ a l95 clo? 7,m>k xv4 #df7 & ! wom5 z prep>+ spices & o9tm5ts 7,luke xxiii4 #ef71 all ( :i* w\ld be contr>y to law & cu/om 7,hast,b,d ii4 #fcd74 ,9 ^! p>ticul>s ! fir/ ?ree gospels seem to confirm ! repres5tation ( ! f\r? t ! day ( ! la/ supp] 0 e>li] ?an ! regul> ,jewi% ,passov]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a /rong argum5t1 ?\gh "o t has n comm5d$ itself to o!r speciali/s 9 ,jewi% ar*ology1 has be5 put =? by ,dr4 ,ed]%eim 7,,ljm ii4 #efg;f47 to prove t ,john also indicates t ! la/ supp] 0 eat5 at ! "t ( ! regul> ,passov]4 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( our k c]ta9ty is impossible4 ,if ,john does diff] f ! o!rs1 8 te/imony has ! greate/ weight4 ,:ile n conclusive1 x has "s significance t ,paul id5tifi$ ,*ri/ ) ! sacrifice ( ! passov] 7,i4 ,cor4 v4 #g71 a /atem5t :i* may indicate t he held t ,jesus di$ ab\t ! "t ( ! kill+ ( ! pas*al lamb4 ,if ,john be tak5 to prove t ! la/ supp] occurr$ a day be=e ! regul> ,passov]1 ,jesus mu/ h felt t ! anticipation 0 necess>y 9 ord] to avoid ! publicity & consequ5t dang] ( a celebration at ! same "t ) all ! re/ ( ! city4 #aia4 ,:atev] ! conclusion conc]n+ ! date ( ! la/ supp]1 & consequ5tly ( ! crucifixion1 ! la/ meal ( ,jesus ) 8 disciples 0 = t little company ! equival5t ( ! ,passov] supp]4 ,luke /ates t ! desire ( ,jesus _h look$ specially to eat+ ?is fea/ ) 8 disciples 7xxii4 #ae74 ,! reason mu/ be f\nd 9 8 c]ta9ty ( ! v ne> end1 & 9 8 wi% to make ! meal a prep>ation = ! bitt] exp]i5ces :i* 7 ov]hang+ him & !m4 #aib4 ,x is cu/om>y to connect z occasion & consequ5ce ! dispute conc]n+ prec$5ce :i* ,luke reports 7xxii4 #bd-cj71 & ! rebuke :i* ,jesus adm9i/]$ by wa%+ ! disciples' feet 7,john xiii4 #a-bj74 ,! jeal\sies ( ! disciples may h aris5 ov] ! allotm5t ( seats at ! table1 z ,dr4 ,ed]%eim has mo/ fully %[n 7,,ljm ii4 #dib-ejc72 su* a controv]sy w\ld be ! natural sequel ( e>li] disputes conc]n+ greatness1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! reque/ ( ,james & ,john = ! be/ places 9 ! com+ k+dom 7,m>k x4 #ce-de71 & w\ld lead z naturally to ! di/ress ( he>t ) :i* ,jesus decl>$ t "o ( ! disciples %\ld betray him1 & t ano!r ( !m %\ld d5y him4 ,! n>rative 9 ,m>k favors ! )drawal ( ,judas be=e ! new rite 0 appo9t$4 ,?is mu/ seem to be ! probability 9 ! case1 = ! pres5ce ( ,judas w\ld be mo/ incongru\s at su* a memorial s]vice4 ,john's m5tion ( 8 dep>ture be=e ! ann\ncem5t ( ,pet]'s approa*+ fall confirms ?is int]pretation ( ,m>k 7,m>k xiv4 #ah-ba2 ,john xiii4 #ba-cj74 #aic4 ,! pas*al memories furni%$ to ,jesus an opportunity to e/abli% = 8 disciples an in/itution :i* %\ld symbolize ! new cov5ant :i* he 0 soon to seal ) 8 blood4 ,jesus reg>d$ ?is new cov5ant z t :i* 0 promis$ by ! prophets1 especially ,j]emiah 7xxxi4 #ca-cd71 & 8 ?\ght1 l t ( ! prophets1 goes back to ! /ory ( ! cov5ant e/abli%$ at ,s9ai 7,ex4 xxiv4 #a-aa74 ,9 ?is way he gave to 8 disciples a conception ( 8 dea?1 :i* lat]1 if n imm$iately1 w\ld help !m to reg>d x z a necess>y "p ( 8 "w z ,messiah4 ,!y 7 n[ oppress$ by ! evid5t c]ta9ty t ! ne> future w\ld br+ _! ,ma/] to dea?2 he accord+ly gave !m a sacr$ rem9d] ( himself & ( 8 dea? z an ess5tial "p ( 8 self-giv+ = !m2 = :atev] ! conclusion conc]n+ ! disput$ text ( ,luke 7xxii4 #ai71 ! in/itutional "* ( ! act & words ( ,jesus is cle>4 ,z ,holtzmann rem>ks 7,nt,th i4 #cjd73 ,! words '?is d 9 remembrance ( me' 7 p]haps n spok52 all ! m c]ta9ly d !y ( !mselves express :at lay 9 ! situation & made itself felt ) inconte/able conclusiv5ess4 #aid4 ,sev]al h9ts 9 ! records seem to connect ! meal 9 v>i\s details ) :at is kn[n ( anci5t cu/om 9 ! celebration ( ! ,passov]4 ,! hymn ) :i* accord+ to ,m>k & ,mat!w ! supp] clos$ is easily id5tifi$ ) ! la/ "p 7,psalms cxv4 to cxviii47 ( ! s call$ ,hallel1 :i* 0 sung at ! close ( ! ,passov] meal4 ,! m5tion ( two cups 9 ! famili> text ( ,luke 7xxii4 #ag-bj7 agrees ) ! repeat$ cups ( ! ,passov] ritual2 s also d ! sop & ! dipp+ ( x ) :i* ,jesus indicat$ to ,john :o ! traitor 0 7,john xiii4 #bc-bf2 ,m>k xiv4 #bj74 ,if x c\ld be prov$ t ! cu/oms record$ 9 ! ,talmud correctly repres5t ! usage 9 ,jesus' "t x w\ld be ( extreme int]e/ to seek to connect :at is told u ( ! la/ supp] ) t ,passov] ritual z ,dr4 ,ed]%eim has done 7,,ljm ii4 #dij-eab74 ,! antiquity ( ! rabb9ic record is s unc]ta91 h[ev]1 t x is only useful z %[+ :at possibly may h be5 ! case4 ,all t c be ass]t$ is t ! rabb9ic ritual probably orig9at$ long be=e x 0 record$1 & t z ! la/ supp] 0 a meal :i* ,jesus & 8 disciples celebrat$ z a ,passov]1 x is probable t "s su* ritual 0 m or less closely foll[$4 #aie4 ,luke & ,john give ! fulle/ reports ( :at 0 said at ! table4 ,all ! gospels tell ( ,pet]'s decl>ation ( sup]ior loyalty & ! pr$iction ( 8 ?reefold d5ial2 ,luke1 h[ev]1 adds t 9 connection ) x ,jesus assur$ ,pet] ( 8 re/oration1 & *>g$ him to /r5g!n 8 bre?r5 7,luke xxii4 #ca-cd74 ,john alone gives ! long & full disc\rse ( admonition & com=t1 foll[$ by ,jesus' pray] = 8 disciples 7xiii4 #ca to xvii4 #bf74 ,x is evid5t f ! words ( ,jesus z he ent]$ ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane 7,m>k xiv4 #cc1 #cd71 z f ^? :i* _h escap$ him :5 ! ,greeks s\ght him ! la/ day 9 ! temple 7,john xii4 #bg71 t 8 own he>t 0 greatly tr\bl$ dur+ ! supp] by ! app>5t defeat :i* 0 n[ close at h&4 ,8 quietness & self-possession dur+ ! supp]1 p>ticul>ly :5 t5d]ly reprov+ 8 disciples = petty ambition1 or :5 solemnly dismiss+ ! traitor1 or w>n+ ,pet] ( 8 d5ials1 mu/ n bl9d u to ! dep? ( ! emotion :i* 0 /irr+ 8 own s\l4 ,x is only z we rememb] 8 tr\ble ( he>t t x is possible ju/ly to value ! m9i/ry :i* 9 v>i$ ways he r5d]$ to 8 disciples t night4 ,9 ! disc\rses report$ by ,john he %[$ t he realiz$ t ! approa*+ sep>ation w\ld sorely try ! fai? ( 8 foll[]s1 & he s\ght to /r5g!n !m by %[+ 8 own calmness 9 view ( x1 & by promis+ !m ano!r :o %\ld abide ) !m spiritually z 8 repres5tative1 & cont9ue = !m ! "w :i* he _h begun4 ,he !re=e urg$ !m to ma9ta9 _! devotion to him1 /ill to seek & f9d ! s\rce ( _! life & secret ( _! /r5g? 9 fell[%ip ) him--pres5t1 ?\gh unse5 among !m4 ,he s\ght to conv9ce !m t 8 dep>ture 0 to be = _! advantage1 t fell[%ip ) him spiritually w\ld be f> m real & efficaci\s ?an ! int]c\rse !y _h already enjoy$4 ,he ^: own he>t 0 exce$+ sorr[ful ev5 unto dea? bade 8 disciples n to let _! he>ts be tr\bl$ nor afraid4 ,h[ long ! conv]sation cont9u$1 ( :5 ! company left ! upp] *amb]1 _c be told4 ,at "s "t be=e ! arrival at ,ge?semane ,jesus turn$ to ,god 9 pray] = ! disciples :om he 0 ab\t to leave to ! sev]e trial ( _! fai?1 ask+ = !m t realization ( et]nal life :i* he _h enjoy$ & exemplifi$ 9 8 own intimate life ) 8 ,fa!r4 ,) ?is 8 m9i/ry to !m clos$ = ! "t1 &1 cross+ ! ,kidron1 he ent]$ ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane weigh$ d[n by ! sorr[ ( 8 own s\l4 ,,viii ,! ,%ad[ ( ,dea? #aif4 ,( ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane x is only kn[n t x 0 across ! ,kidron1 on ! slope ( ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,tradition has long po9t$ to an enclosure "s fifty y>ds beyond ! bridge t crosses ! rav9e on ! road lead+ ea/w>d f ,/4 ,/eph5's gate4 ,mo/ /ud5ts feel t ?is is too ne> ! city & ! highway = ! place ( retreat *os5 by ,jesus4 ,ar*ologically & s5tim5tally ! id5tification ( places connect$ ) ! life ( ,jesus is ( great int]e/4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 x is easy to ov]-emphasize ! importance ( su* an id5tification4 ,grant$ ! fact t 9 "s olive grove on ! m\nta9-side1 :]e an oil-press gave a "n to ! place 7,ge?semane71 ,jesus )drew ) 8 disciples on t la/ night1 & all t is important is kn[n4 ,x is ( f> high] importance to see rightly ! relation ( :at took place 9 t g>d5 to ! ?+s :i* prec$$ & foll[$ x 9 ! life ( ,jesus4 ,at t "t ,jesus saw press$ to 8 lips ! cup f ! bitt]ness ( :i* 8 :ole s\l %rank4 ,x 0 n an unlook$-= trial2 "s "t e>li] he _h s\ght to cool ! ardor ( ! ambition ( ,james & ,john by tell+ !m t !y %\ld dr9k ( 8 cup1 & decl>$ t ev5 ! ,son ( ,man came n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/]1 & to give 8 life a ransom = _m4 ,! f\r? gospel1 ^: repres5tation omits ! agony ( ,ge?semane & only reports its victory1 tells h[ ,jesus rebuk$ ! viol5t impulse ( ,pet] ) ! ^w1 ,! cup :i* my ,fa!r ha? giv5 me to dr9k %all ,i n dr9k x8 7,john xviii4 #aa;b72 & all ! gospels exhibit ! m>vell\s quietness ( _s & dignity ( self-surr5d] :i* *>act]iz$ ,jesus ?r\gh\t 8 trial & execution4 ,9 ,ge?semane1 h[ev]1 we see ! /ruggle 9 :i* t calmness & self-ma/]y 7 won4 #aig4 ,x is unbecom+ to consid] t sc5e ) any vulg> curiosity to "k :at x 0 t made ,jesus s draw back f ! dr9k+ ( 8 cup4 ,x is n unfitt+1 h[ev]1 to recognize t 9 8 cry1 ,abba1 ,fa!r1 all ?+s are possible unto !e2 remove ?is cup f me 7,m>k xiv4 #cf71 an int5se long+ ( 8 own s\l's life _h expression4 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 ! fate :i* he saw be=e him f :i* 8 :ole be+ %rank4 ,b /rong] ?an ?is 0 8 fix$ desire to d 8 ,fa!r's w4 ,"h 0 supremely illu/rat$ ! tru? t he came d[n f heav51 n to d 8 own w1 b ! w ( him t s5t him 7,john vi4 #ch74 ,! fulle/ all[ance = ! %r9k+ ( ! mo/ delicately con/itut$ nature f pa9 & dea? completely fails to acc\nt = ?is dread ( ,jesus4 ,he 0 no c[>d1 draw+ back f suff]+s :i* = simple physical pa9 7 ov] & aga9 m ?an mat*$ by _m ( ! m>tyrs to tru? :o prec$$ & foll[$ him4 ,he himself decl>$ to ! sons ( ,zeb$ee t !y %\ld %>e a cup 9 k9d l unto 81 suff]+ = ! k+dom ( ,god1 = ! salvation ( ! _w4 ,yet !re is a diff]5ce evid5t betwe5 :at o!rs h _h to be> & ! cup f :i* ,jesus %rank4 ,! dea? :i* n[ /ood be=e him 9 ! pa? ( ob$i5ce _h 9 x a bitt]ness q unexpla9$ by ! pa9 & disappo9tm5t x entail$4 ,t excess ( bitt]ness c probably nev] be und]/ood by u4 ,a h9t ( its nature may be f\nd 9 ! %ame ( ! cross :i* ! au?or ( ,hebrews 7xii4 #b2 xiii4 #ac7 emphasizes1 & 9 ! curse ( ! cross :i* made x a /umbl+ block to ,paul & 8 ,jewi% bre?r5 7,gal4 iii4 #ac2 ,i4 ,cor4 i4 #bc74 ,jesus came f ! g>d5 ready to endure ! cross 9 ob$i5ce to 8 ,fa!r's w2 b x 0 a co/ly ob$i5ce1 a complete empty+ ( himself 7,phil4 ii4 #g1 #h74 #aih4 ,! lonel9ess ( ,jesus 9 8 /ruggle is emphasiz$ 9 ! gospels ( ,m>k & ,mat!w4 ,9 se>* ( sympa?y he _h confess$ to ! disciples 8 tr\ble ( he>t1 & _h tak5 8 ?ree intimates ) him :5 he )drew f ! o!rs = pray]1 ask+ !m to wat* ) him4 ,!y 7 too heavy ( he>t & we>y ( body to /& by 9 8 bitt] h\r1 & in/ead ( be+ 9 read9ess to w>n him ( ! approa* ( ! ho/ile b&1 he _h to awake !m to _! dang]4 ,! f\r? gospel reports t aft] ! /ruggle ,jesus bore m>ks ( maje/y :i* a/oni%$ & ov]aw$ 8 foes :5 he calmly told !m t he 0 ! "o !y 7 seek+4 ,_! fe> 0 ov]come1 h[ev]1 :5 ,judas gave ! appo9t$ sign by kiss+ 8 ,ma/] 7,m>k xiv4 #de74 ,! ?\ght = ! disciples' safety :i* ,john records 7xviii4 #h7 is ano!r pro( t ! fight _h be5 won1 & ,jesus _h fully resum$ ! self-empty+ m9i/ry appo9t$ to him by 8 ,fa!r4 #aii4 ,! b& t arre/$ ,jesus 0 accompani$ by a ,roman cohort f ! g>rison ( ! city1 b x 0 n ne$$1 = ! disciples (f]$ no appreciable resi/ance2 on ! contr>y1 !y all =sook him & fl$ 7,m>k xiv4 #ej74 ,hav+ arre/$ ,jesus1 ! b& took him to ,annas1 ! actual lead] ( ,jewi% affairs1 ?\gh n at ! "t ! (ficial high-prie/4 ,he _h held t (fice "s "t be=e1 b _h be5 depos$ by ! ,roman gov]nor ( ,syria aft] be+ 9 p[] = n9e ye>s4 ,8 influ5ce cont9u$1 h[ev]1 = al?\gh he 0 nev] re9/at$1 he seems to h be5 able to secure ! appo9tm5t = memb]s ( 8 own family dur+ a p]iod ( _m ye>s4 ,caiaphas1 ! legal high-prie/1 0 8 son-9-law4 ,annas1 z ! lead] ( ari/ocratic op9ion 9 ,j]usalem1 _h d\btless be5 =emo/ 9 ! secret c\nsels :i* l$ to ! decision to get rid ( ,jesus1 h5ce ! captive 01 z a matt] ( c\rse1 tak5 fir/ to 8 h\se4 ,! trial by ! ,jewi% au?orities 0 irregul>4 ,!re seems to h be5 an in=mal exam9ation ( ,jesus & v>i\s witnesses1 fir/ be=e ,annas1 & !n be=e ,caiaphas & a gr\p ( memb]s ( ! sanh$r91 ! outcome ( :i* 0 complete failure to secure evid5ce aga9/ ,jesus f _! false witnesses1 & ! =mulation ( a *>ge ( blasphemy 9 consequ5ce ( 8 answ] to ! high-prie/ ackn[l$g+ himself to be ! ,messiah 7,m>k xiv4 #fa-fd74 ,! e>ly h\rs be=e ! day 7 giv5 ov] to mock]y & ill-usage ( ! captive ,jesus4 ,:5 morn+ 0 come1 ! sanh$r9 0 conv5$1 & he 0 condemn$ to dea? on ! *>ge ( blasphemy 7,m>k xv4 #a2 ,luke xxii4 #ff-ga71 & !n 0 l$ 9 bonds to ! ,roman gov]nor = execution1 s9ce ! ,romans _h tak5 f ! sanh$r9 ! au?ority to execute a dea? s5t5ce 7,john xviii4 #ca74 ,be=e ,pilate ! ,jews _h to "n an (f5ce recogniz$ by ,roman law2 8 accus]s !re=e falsifi$ 8 claim & made him out a political ,messiah1 ho/ile to ,roman rule 7,luke xxiii4 #a1 #b74 ,pilate soon saw t ! *>ge 0 trump$ up1 & s\ght 9 e way1 :ile keep+ ! good-w ( ! p1 to escape ! responsibility ( giv+ s5t5ce aga9/ ,jesus4 ,8 fir/ ef=t 0 a simple decl>ation t he f\nd no fault 9 ! prison] 7,luke xxiii4 #d72 !n1 hav+ he>d t he 0 a ,galilean1 he tri$ to transf] ! case to ,h]od1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ! city at ! "t 7,luke xxiii4 #e-ab72 he !n s\ght to compromise by agree+ to *a/ise ,jesus & !n release him 7,luke xxiii4 #ac-af72 next he (f]$ ! p _! *oice betwe5 ! innoc5t ,jesus & ,b>abbas1 a convict$ insurrectioni/ 7,m>k xv4 #f-ae2 ,luke xxiii4 #af-bd71 & ! p1 in/ruct$ by ! prie/s1 *ose ,b>abbas1 c>+ no?+ = a ,messiah :o w\ld all[ himself to be arre/$ )\t resi/ance2 ! f\r? gospel tells ( ,pilate's /ill fur!r ef=t1 by appeal+ to ! p's sympa?y1 to escape giv+ s5t5ce1 ev5 aft] he _h deliv]$ ,jesus to ! soldi]s = ! prelim9>y sc\rg+4 ,f9d+ ! ,jews ready to urge1 at l5g?1 a religi\s *>ge1 ,pilate's sup]/iti\s fe> 0 r\s$ 7,john xix4 #g-ab71 & he s\ght aga9 to release him1 b 0 f9ally c[$ by ! ?reat ( an accusation aga9/ him at ,rome1 &1 mock+ ! p by sitt+ 9 judgm5t to condemn ,jesus z _! k+1 he gave s5t5ce aga9/ ! man :om he knew to be innoc5t 7,john xix4 #ab-af74 #bjj4 ,"s ( ,jesus' disciples & fri5ds 7 witnesses ( ! e>ly /ages ( ! in=mal trial1 9 p>ticul>1 ,john 7,john xviii4 #ae7 & ,pet]4 ,x 0 dur+ ! progress ( ! e>ly exam9ation t ,pet] 0 drawn into 8 d5ials by ! comm5ts made by ! by/&]s on 8 connection ) ! accus$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! h\se ( ! high-prie/ :]e ,jesus 0 tri$ 0 built1 l o!r ,ori5tal h\ses1 ab\t a c\rt s t ! room :]e ,jesus 0 exam9$ 0 op5 to view f ! c\rt4 ,9 ?is case x is easy to see h[ ,jesus c\ld ov]he> 8 disciple's /r5u\s d5ials ( any acqua9tance ) him1 & c\ld turn & give him t look :i* s5t him out to weep bitt]ly 7,luke xxii4 #fa1 #fb74 ,if x be fur!r assum$ t ,annas & ,caiaphas occupi$ diff]5t sides ( ! same high-prie/ly palace1 ! d\ble exam9ation report$ by ,john w\ld /ill be )9 he>+ f ! "o c\rt 9 :i* ! fai?less disciple 0 a fasc9at$ witness ( 8 ,ma/]'s trial4 #bja4 ,humanly speak+1 x may be said t ! fate ( ,jesus 0 seal$ :5 ! ,sadducean lead]s came to look on him s]i\sly z a dang] to ! ,/ate 7,john xi4 #dg-ej1 note ! m5tion ( *ief prie/s74 ,! religi\s opposition 0 s]i\s1 & might h br\ght tr\ble1 9 "s su* way z x seems to h done to ,john ! ,bapti/ 7see ,matt4 xvii4 #aj-ac2 ,luke xiii4 #ca1 #cb72 b x is d\btful :e!r ! gov]nor w\ld h giv5 mu* att5tion to a *>ge n urg$ by ! m5 ( influ5ce 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! notable ?+ 9 connection ) ! la/ days ( ,jesus' life is ! jo9t opposition ( ,sadducean prie/s & ,ph>isaic scribes4 ,t ! populace easily *ang$ _! cry f hosanna to crucify him is n surpris+4 ,_! hosannas 7 due to a complete misconception ( ,jesus' aim & purpose2 disappo9t$ 9 him1 !y w\ld be ! e>lie/ to cry out aga9/ him1 especially :5 ! *oice lay betwe5 him & a g5u9e insurrectioni/4 #bjb4 ,ea* fre% /udy ( ! trial ( ,jesus gives a fre% impression ( 8 greatness4 ,he :o b a few h\rs be=e 0 p\r+ out 8 s\l 9 pray] t 8 cup might pass1 /&s =? z ! "o calm & undi/urb$ actor among all ^? :o took "p 9 ! tragic do+s ( t day4 ,8 judges & foes 7 all sway$ by passion & self-int]e/ & 7 ready to make trave/y ( ju/ice1 f ! lead]s ( ! sanh$r9 :o condemn$ him on "o *>ge & accus$ him to ! gov]nor on ano!r1 to ! gov]nor himself1 :o appe>$ det]m9$ to release him if he c\ld d x )\t risk ( p]sonal popul>ity1 & :o yet1 9 ord] to avoid accusation at ,rome1 gave s5t5ce accord+ to ! p's w4 ,! fickle populace cry+ crucify him1 ! disciples :o =sook him1 ! rock-apo/le :o d5i$ ev5 s mu* z k ( ! man1 %[ h[ all ! curr5ts ( life ab\t him 7 /irr$ & full ( tumult4 ,9 all ?is1 ( :i* he 0 ! occasion & c5tre1 he /&s ! supreme example ( dignity1 self-ma/]y1 & quietness4 ,?is is se5 9 8 sil5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( ,annas & ,caiaphas1 & lat] be=e ,pilate2 9 8 frank av[al ( 8 ,messianic claim 9 reply to ! high-prie/'s *all5ge1 & ( 8 k+ly rank 9 answ] to ! gov]nor's "q2 & 9 ! look ( repro( :i* he turn$ ^u ,pet]4 ,n t he 0 )\t feel+4 ,!re is /rong s5se ( outrage 9 8 words1 ,if ,i h spok5 evil1 be> witness ( ! evil1 b if well1 :y smite/ ?\ me8 ,x 0 n ! quietness ( /oic indiff]5ce1 b ( p]fect self-devotion to ! ,fa!r's w4 ,he ma9ta9$ x f ! "t ( 8 arre/ to ! la/ cry ( tru/ ) :i* he committ$ 8 _s to 8 ,fa!r4 #bjc4 ,! sc\rg+ ov]1 ! mock homage ( ! soldi]s done1 he 0 l$ out beyond ! city wall to be crucifi$4 ,! exact place ( ! crucifixion c be det]m9$ z little z t ( ,ge?semane1 ?\gh !re is a tradition f ! f\r? c5tury1 & 9 addition !re are _m conjectures4 ,jesus 0 l$1 app>5tly1 to ! ord9>y place ( crim9al execution1 & ) two o!rs1 probably insurrection>y robb]s l ^? ) :om ,b>abbas _h be5 associat$1 he 0 crucifi$4 ,two episodes 9 ! j\rney to ! place ( crucifixion are record$1--! help :i* ,simon ( ,cyr5e 0 compell$ to give to ,jesus 9 c>ry+ 8 cross 7,m>k xv4 #ba71 & ! ^w ( ,jesus to ^? :o1 foll[+ him1 bewail$ 8 fate 7,luke xxiii4 #bg-ca74 #bjd4 ,( ! cruelty & torture ( crucifixion mu* has be5 writt5 & (t54 ,x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate x4 ,! dea? by ! cross 0 a dea? by hung] & exhau/ion 9 ord9>y cases2 x 0 ?us torture prolong$ = _m h\rs4 ,x is noticeable1 h[ev]1 t x is n ! suff]+ b ! disgrace & %ame ( ! cross t occupi$ ! ?\ght ( ! apo/olic days4 ,inde$1 7 physical suff]+ *iefly to be consid]$1 x w\ld h to be own$ t ! fact t ,jesus di$ )9 a few h\rs releas$ him f ! mo/ excruciat+ pa9s incid5t to ?is b>b>\s =m ( execution4 ,! lat] ascetic ?\ght lov$1 & /ill loves1 to dwell on ! physical torm5ts ( ! ,"l's dea?4 ,!y 7 sev]e en\gh to give u awe2 b ! biblical writ]s %[ a mu* heal?i] m9d1 & _! ?\ght does n invite comp>ison betwe5 ! pa9s endur$ by ! ,ma/] & ^? :i* "s ( 8 m>tyr$ foll[]s bore ) great =titude4 ,! disgrace ( ! cross 0 ! utt]mo/2 = ! ,romans x 0 ! dea? ( a slave1 = ! ,jews x 0 pat5t pro( ( ! curse ( ,god 7,deut4 xxi4 #bc74 ,! ob$i5ce ( ,jesus 0 unlimit$ :5 he submitt$ to dea? 7,phil4 ii4 #h74 ,x is on ! %ame ( ! cross1 & on ! sacrifice ( himself = ! life ( ! _w :5 9 ob$i5ce to 8 ,fa!r's w he despis$ ! %ame1 t ! ?\ght ( ! apo/olic day laid emphasis4 ,9 ?is exp]i5ce ,jesus f\nd himself 9 tru? numb]$ ) ! transgressors2 he 0 ! object ( scorn = all !m t pass$ by1 !y mock$ at him1 at 8 works1 & at 8 confid5t tru/ 9 ,god4 ,9 ?is la/ extremity ! d>kness ( ,ge?semane aga9 swept ov] ,jesus' s\l1 :5 he cri$ out ,my ,god1 my ,god1 recall+ ! words ( "o ( ! sa9ts ( old 9 8 h\r ( di/ress 7,ps4 xxii474 ,yet1 l him1 ,jesus kept hold on ! c]ta9ty ( deliv]ance2 ! d>kness pass$ at l5g?4 #bje4 ,! evangeli/s pres]ve sev]al say+s ( ,jesus f ! cross1 ! records ( ! diff]5t gospels be+ rem>kably div]se4 ,m>k & ,mat!w record ! exclamation1 ,my ,god1 my ,god 7,eloi1 ,eloi71 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me1 :i* ! by/&] miscon/ru$ z a call = ,elijah1 ?9k+ ?is pseudo-,messiah 0 reproa*+ ,elijah = fail+ to come to 8 help4 ,! same gospels tell ( ! l\d cry ) :i* ,jesus di$4 ,luke omits ! call ,eloi1 & gives 9 place ( ! la/ expir+ cry ! pray] ( tru/1 ,fa!r1 into ?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s 7xxiii4 #df74 ,e>li]1 h[ev]1 ?is gospel tells ( ,jesus' ^w to ! p5it5t robb]1 ,to-day %alt ?\ be ) me 9 ,p>adise 7xxiii4 #dc71 & ( ! pray] = 8 foes1 t is1 = ! ,jewi% p :o bl9dly condemn$ him 7xxiii4 #cd74 ,! olde/ manuscripts cause "s d\bt :e!r ?is la/ say+ 0 orig9ally a "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,luke4 ,if x 0 n x w\ld belong 9 ! same class ) ! /ory ( ! s9ful woman :i* we n[ f9d 9 ,john1 bo? be+ au!ntic records ( ! life ( ,jesus1 ?\gh f "s o!r s\rce ?an t 9 :i* we n[ f9d !m4 ,! f\r? gospel gives q an indep5d5t gr\p ( say+s4 ,x int]prets ! dy+ cry z1 ,x is f9i%$ 7xix4 #cj71 & prec$+ ?is x gives ! cry1 ,i ?ir/ 7xix4 #bh71 :i* l$ to ! (f]+ ( ! v9eg> ( :i* ! fir/ two gospels speak4 ,e>li] x tells ( ! committal ( ,m>y to ! c>e ( ! belov$ disciple 7xix4 #bf1 #bg74 ,( ^! sev5 say+s1 ,eloi1 ,i ?ir/1 ,fa!r1 into ?y h& ,i comm5d my _s1 & ,x is f9i%$ belong to ! la/ h\rs ( ! life ( ! crucifi$ "o1 aft] ! d>kness ( :i* ! fir/ ?ree gospels speak _h ov]%ad[$ ! l&4 ,( ! cause ( t d>kness !y give no h9t1 = ,luke's expression _c mean an eclipse1 s9ce an eclipse at ,passov] "t1 t is1 at full moon1 is an impossibility4 ,! conjecture t d5se cl\ds hid ! sun is common1 & is z suitable z any o!r4 ,:atev] ! cause1 ! evangeli/s saw 9 x a tok5 ( nature's awe at ! dea? ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,dur+ ! h\rs ( ! d>kness ! waves swept ov] 8 s\l1 z ! cry my ,god %[s to our rev]5t ?\ght4 ,b ! la/ ^w ( tru/ proves t ! dy+ ,jesus 0 n =sak51 & t ,calv>y1 l ,ge?semane1 0 a battle won4 ,! e>li] say+s all express ,jesus' cont9u$ _s ( m9i/ry1 %[+ ev5 9 8 bitt] pa9 8 accu/om$ ?\ghtfulness = o!rs' ne$4 #bjf4 ,x is futile to speculate on ! cause ( ,jesus' e>ly dea?4 ,he c]ta9ly suff]$ a mu* %ort] "t ?an 0 ord9>ily ! case1 z appe>s 9 ! fact t at sunset x 0 necess>y to break ! legs ( ! robb]s s z to ha/5 dea?1 ,jesus hav+ already be5 "s "t dead4 ,!re is some?+ attractive 9 ! !ory ( ,dr4 ,/r\d 7,! ,physical ,cause ( ,*ri/'s ,dea?7 t ,jesus di$ ( rupture ( ! he>t4 ,x may h be5 true1 b ! evid5ces on :i* he bas$ 8 argum5t are insuffici5t = pro(4 ,to ! ,jews ! dea? ( _! victim did n give all ! satisfaction !y desir$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,pilate insi/$ on mock+ !m by po/+ ov] ! head ( ,jesus ! plac>d1 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7see ,john xix4 #ai-bb72 moreov]1 _! ha/e _h br\ght ! crime into close proximity to ! fea/ :i* !y 7 eag] to keep f defilem5t2 s t !y _h /ill to beg ( ,pilate t he w\ld ha/5 ! dea? ( ! victims1 t _! bodies might n rema9 to desecrate ! foll[+ ,sabba? sanctity 7,john xix4 #ca-cg72 :ile = ^? :o witness$ x ! dea? ( ,jesus deep5$ ! impression t a hide\s crime _h be5 committ$ 9 ! slaught] ( an innoc5t man 7,m>k xv4 #ci74 #bjg4 ,among ! by/&]s few ( ! disciples ( ,jesus 7 to be f\nd--!y 7 hid+ 9 fe>4 ,yet "s fai?ful wom51 & two c\rage\s c\ncillors ( ,j]usalem1 7 bold en\gh to make _! loyalty kn[n4 ,^! two m51 ,joseph ( ,arima!a & ,nicodemus1 7 memb]s ( ! sanh$r91 b !y _h _h no "p 9 ! condemnation ( ,jesus2 & aft] kn[+ t he 0 dead1 ,joseph begg$ ( ,pilate ! body1 & he & ,nicodemus took ,jesus d[n f ! cross & laid him 9 a tomb :i* ,joseph own$ ne> ! place ( crucifixion1 r5d]+ su* t5d] m9i/ries z 7 possible 9 ! clos+ h\rs ( ! day4 ,! wom5 :o _h witness$ 8 end mean:ile 7 arrang+ also to ano9t ! body4 ,!y took notice :]e ! two fri5ds _h laid him1 & !n w5t away to re/ on ! ,sabba? day1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t4 #bjh4 ,to ! ,jews x 0 a high day1 ! fir/ ,sabba? 9 ! eight days ( _! holy fea/ 7,john xix4 #ca74 ,!y _h eag]ly gu>d$ _! conduct t no c]emonial defilem5t might prev5t _! %>+ 9 ! pas*al fea/4 ,!y believ$ t !y _h rid _! nation ( a dang]\s di/urb] ( its peace1 & m5 ^: consci5ce %rank n f mak+ ,god's h\se a h\se ( m]*&ise1 :o w\ld puni% "o :o v5tur$ to cure a mortal disease if x *anc$ to cross _! ,sabba? traditions1 :o _h condemn$ to dea? ! holie/ man & godlie/ tea*] ! _w _h ev] se5 because he did n squ>e ) _! he>tless =malism1--su* m5 h>dly _h consci5ce en\gh to feel rep5tance or remorse = ! c[>dly inju/ice & crime ) :i* ( _! own *oice !y _h r$d5$ _! h&s 7,matt1 xxvii4 #be74 ,!y d\btless kept _! fea/ ) satisfaction4 ,n a few he>ts1 h[ev]1 7 heavy ) grief & disappo9t$ hope4 ,!y _h believ$ t ,jesus 0 he t %\ld r$eem ,israel 7,luke xxiv4 #ba74 ,/unn$1 !y c\ld n ?r[ away ! fai? :i* he _h k9dl$ 9 _! he>ts4 ,yet he 0 dead1 & only fa9tly1 if at all1 did !y recall 8 pr$iction ( suff]+ & 8 c]ta9ty ( triumph ?r\gh x all 7,john xx4 #i74 ,:at rema9$ = !m 0 ! la/ t5d] m9i/ry to _! dead ,"l4 ,outl9e ( ,ev5ts aft] ! ,resurrection ,! day ( ! resurrection--,sunday4 ,! visit ( ! wom5 to ! tomb--,matt4 xxviii4 #a-h2 ,m>k xvi4 #a-h2 ,luke xxiv4 #a-ab2 ,john xx4 #a-aj4 ,jesus' fir/ appe>ance2 to ,m>y--,matt4 xxviii4 #i #aj2 ,m>k xvi4 #i-aa2 ,john xx4 #aa-ah4 ,! report ( ! wat*--,matt4 xxviii4 #aa-ae4 ,! appe>ance to ,simon ,pet]--,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #e4 ,! walk to ,emmaus--,m>k xvi #ab1ac2 ,luke xxiv4 #ac-ce4 ,! appe>ance to ! t5 9 ! ev5+--,m>k xvi4 #ad2 ,luke xxiv4 #cf-dc2 ,john xx4 #ai-be2 ,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #e4 ,"o week lat]--,sunday4 ,! appe>ance to ! elev51 ) ,?omas--,john xx4 #bf-bi4 ,lat] appe>ances4 ,to sev5 disciples by ! sea ( ,galilee--,john xxi4 #a-bd4 ,to a company ( disciples 94 ,galilee--,matt1 xxviii4 #af-bj2 ,m>k xvi4 #ae-ah2 ,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #f4 ,! appe>ance to ,james--,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #g4 ,to ! disciples 9 ,j]usalem1 foll[$ by ! asc5sion--,m>k xvi4 #ai1 #bj2 ,luke xxiv4 #dd-ec2 ,acts i4 #a-ab2 ,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #g4 ,,ix ,! ,resurrection #bji4 ,*ri/ianity z a hi/oric religi\s movem5t />ts f ! resurrection ( ,jesus f ! dead4 ,?is is v cle> 9 ! prea*+ & writ+s ( ,paul4 ,! fir/ di/9ctively ,*ri/ian feature 9 8 address at ,a!ns is 8 /atem5t t ,god _h designat$ ,jesus to be ! judge ( m5 by hav+ rais$ him f ! dead 7,acts xvii4 #ca71 & = him ! resurrection 0 ! demon/ration ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ 7,rom4 i4 #d71 & ! confirmation ( ! ,*ri/ian hope 7,i4 ,cor4 xv474 ,) him ! prime qualification = an apo/le 0 t he %\ld h se5 ! ris5 ,"l 7,i4 ,cor4 ix4 #a74 ,! e>ly prea*+ z record$ 9 ,acts %[s ! same feature1 = aft] repeat$ te/imony to ! fact t ,god _h rais$ up ,jesus1 ,pet] summ$ up 8 address ) ! decl>ation1 ,let all ! h\se ( ,israel !re=e "k assur$ly1 t ,god ha? made him bo? ,"l & ,*ri/1 ?is ,jesus :om ye crucifi$ 7,acts ii4 #cf74 ,9 fact ! buoyancy ( hope & confid5ce ( fai? :i* gave to ! despis$ foll[]s ( ! ,naz>5e _! /r5g? result$ directly f ! exp]i5ces ( ! days :i* foll[$ ! deep gloom t settl$ ov] ! disciples :5 ,jesus di$4 #baj4 ,x c b seem /range to u t aft] ,jesus _h s (t5 =etold 8 dea? & ! resurrection :i* %\ld foll[ x1 8 disciples 7 ?r[n into despair by ! cross4 ,joseph ( ,arima!a & ,nicodemus :5 !y embalm$ 8 body may n h kn[n ( ^! tea*+s :i* ,jesus gave to ! ne>] circle ( 8 foll[]s1 b x is difficult to believe t ! wom5 :o prep>$ _! spices to ano9t 8 body 7,m>k xvi4 #a7 _h he>d no?+ ( ^! pr$ictions1 & x is c]ta9 t ! apo/les :o receiv$ ) incr$ulity ! fir/ news ( ! resurrection 7 ! m5 :om ,jesus _h s\ght to prep>e = ?is glori\s victory4 ,! disciples d n seem to h f9i%$ que/ion+ among !mselves :at ! ris+ aga9 f ! dead %\ld mean 7,m>k ix4 #aj1 comp>e ,luke xviii4 #cd7 until ,jesus himself expla9$ x by 8 return to !m aft] 8 crucifixion4 ,x 0 =m]ly common to conclude f ! scepticism ( ! disciples t ,jesus c\ld n h told !m1 z he is report$ to h done1 t he w\ld rise aga9 ! ?ird day4 ,x is n[ widely conc$$1 h[ev]1 t if he =esaw & =etold 8 dea?1 he surely c\pl$ ) x a promise ( resurrection1 o!rwise he mu/ h surr5d]$ 8 own conviction t he 0 ,messiah2 = a ,messiah tak5 & held captive by dea? 0 app>5tly z =eign to ,jesus' ?\ght z x 0 un?9kable = ! m5 ( 8 g5]ation4 ,! inability ( ! disciples to adju/ _! ,messianic ideas to ! dea? ( _! ,ma/] 0 n remov$ by ! rebuke ,jesus adm9i/]$ to ,pet] at ,cs>ea ,philippi2 _! objections 7 only sil5c$4 ,x w\ld seem t ev5 :5 !y saw 8 dea? to be inevitable1 !y 7 simply dumb ) hope t 9 "s way he w\ld come (f victor2 ! cross & ! tomb cru%$ out t hope--at lea/ f mo/ ( !m4 ,if "o disciple1 8 close/ fri5d1 recall$ & believ$ 8 words :5 he saw ! empty tomb 7,john xx4 #h71 o!rs 7 ca/ into /ill deep] sorr[ by ! report1 & c\ld only say1 ,b we hop$ t x 0 he :i* %\ld r$eem ,israel 7,luke xxiv4 #ba74 #baa4 ,! light :i* bani%$ ! gloom f ! he>ts ( ,jesus' foll[]s dawn$ sudd5ly4 ,!re 0 no "t = gradual readju/m5t ( ideas & ! spr++ ( hope f a fai? :i* w\ld n die4 ,! uni=m e>ly tradition is t ,jesus %[$ himself alive to 8 disciples on ! ?ird day1 t is1 a little ov] ?irty-six h\rs f ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,n only ! gospels1 b ,paul1 :o wrote _m ye>s be=e our evangeli/s1 te/ify to ?is 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #d71 z does ! v e>ly obs]vance ( ! fir/ day ( ! week z ! ,"l's day1 & ! sub/itution ( ! ?ird day = aft] ?ree days 9 ! gospels :i* made use ( our ,gospel ( ,m>k 7comp>e p>allels ) ,m>k viii4 #ha2 ix4 #ca2 x4 #cd1 & see ,holtzmann1 ,nt,th ,i4 #cji74 ,( ! ev5ts :i* occurr$ on t ?ird day & aft]1 our e>lie/ acc\nt is t ( ,paul4 ,he gives a simple catalogue ( ! appe>ances ( ! ris5 ,"l1 ref]r+ to !m z well kn[n1 9 fact z ! famili> subject matt] ( 8 e>lie/ tea*+ 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #d-h74 ,he gives def9ite date to none ( ^! appe>ances1 indicat+ only _! sequ5ce4 ,he tells ( six diff]5t manife/ations1 beg9n+ ) an appe>ance to ,cephas on ! ?ird day1 !n to ! twelve1 !n to a l>ge company ( disciples1--above five hundr$1--!n to ,james1 !n to all ! apo/les4 ,! six? 9 ! li/ is 8 own exp]i5ce1 :i* he puts 9 ! same class ) ! appe>ances ( ! fir/ ,ea/] morn+4 ,two ( ^! in/ances are f\nd only 9 ,paul's acc\nt1 ! appe>ance to ,james & to ! five hundr$ bre?r51 ?\gh ?is la/ may probably be ! same z is ref]r$ to 9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w 7xxviii4 #af-bj74 #bab4 ,! gospel records are mu* full]1 b !y diff] f ea* o!r ev5 m ?an !y d f ,paul4 ,m>k is unhappily incomplete1 = ! la/ twelve v]ses 9 t gospel1 z we h x1 are lack+ 9 ! olde/ manuscripts1 & 7 probably writt5 by a second-c5tury ,*ri/ian nam$ ,ari/ion1 z a sub/itute = ! prop] end ( ! gospel :i* seems by "s accid5t to h be5 lo/4 ,^! twelve v]ses are cle>ly compil$ f our o!r gospels4 ,!y h value z indicat+ ! curr5cy ( ! complete tradition 9 ! e>ly second c5tury1 b !y contribute no?+ to our k ( ! resurrection4 ,all1 !n1 t ,m>k tells is t ! wom5 :o came e>ly on ! fir/ day ( ! week to ano9t ! body ( ,jesus f\nd ! tomb op5 & empty1 & saw an angel :o bade !m tell ! disciples t ! ,"l _h ris54 ,h[ ! record orig9ally cont9u$ no "o kn[s1 = ,mat!w & ,luke use ! same g5]al te/imony up to ! po9t :]e ,m>k breaks (f1 & !n g q diff]5t ways4 ,( ! two ,mat!w is clos] to ,m>k ?an is ,luke4 ,! fir/ gospel adds to ! record ( ! second an acc\nt ( an appe>ance ( ,jesus to ! wom5 z !y w5t to report to ! disciples1 & !n tells ( ! meet+ ( ,jesus ) ! disciples on a m\nta9 9 ,galilee1 & 8 p>t+ commission to !m4 ,x gives no acc\nt ( ! asc5sion4 ,luke agrees ) ,m>k 9 g5]al conc]n+ ! visit ( ! wom5 to ! tomb1 ! angelic vision1 & ! report to ! disciples4 ,he says no?+ ( an appe>ance ( ,jesus to ! wom5 on _! flight f ! tomb1 b1 if xxiv4 #ab is g5u9e 7see ,r4,v4 m>g971 he1 l ,john1 tells ( ,pet]'s visit to ! sepul*re4 #bac4 ,luke fur!r reports ! appe>ances ( ,jesus to two on _! way to ,emmaus1 to ,simon1 & to ! elev5 9 ,j]usalem1--?is la/ be+ bl5d$ consci\sly or unconsci\sly ) ! f9al meet+ ( ,jesus ) ! disciples be=e 8 asc5sion4 ,! g5u9e text ( ! gospel 7xxiv4 #ej7 says no?+ ( ! asc5sion itself1 b cle>ly implies x4 ,9 contra/ ) ,mat!w x is noticeable t ,luke %[s no k ( any appe>ance ( ,jesus to 8 disciples 9 ,galilee4 ,john is q indep5d5t ( ,m>k1 z well z ( ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,he m5tions only ,m>y ,magdal5e 9 connection ) ! e>ly visit to ! tomb1 ?\gh p]haps he implies ! pres5ce ( o!rs ) h] 7we 9 xx4 #b74 ,he tells ( a visit ( ,pet] & ,john to ! tomb1 ( an appe>ance ( ,jesus to ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ( an appe>ance to t5 ( ! disciples 9 ! ev5+1 & a week lat] to ! elev51 includ+ ,?omas4 ,s f> ?is gospel makes no ref]5ce to appe>ances 9 ,galilee2 b 9 ! app5dix 7*apt] xxi47 !re is add$ a manife/ation to sev5 disciples z !y 7 fi%+ on ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 #bad4 ,criticism :i* seeks to discr$it ! gospels1 = in/ance mo/ rec5tly ,rville 9 8 ,jsus de ,naz>e?1 discov]s two sep>ate & mutually exclusive l9es ( tradition1--"o tell+ ( appe>ances 9 ,galilee1 repres5t$ by ,m>k & ! la/ *apt] 9 ,john1 ! o!r tell+ ( appe>ances 9 or ne> ,j]usalem1 & f\nd 9 ,luke & ! tw5tie? *apt] ( ,john4 ,x is said t ! gospels h s\ght to bl5d ! two cycles1 z :5 ,mat!w tells ( an appe>ance to ! wom5 9 ,j]usalem on _! way f ! tomb1 & :5 ! la/ *apt] ( ,john adds to ! orig9al gospel a ,galilean appe>ance4 ,luke1 h[ev]1 :o makes no ref]5ce at all to ,galilean manife/ations1 is tak5 to prove t orig9ally ! "o cycle knew no?+ ( ! o!r4 ,?is !ory falls1 h[ev]1 be=e ! uni=m tradition ( appe>ances on ! ?ird day1 :i* mu/ h be5 9 ,j]usalem1 & ! v e>ly te/imony ( ,paul to an appe>ance to above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once1 :i* c\ld n h be5 9 ,judea4 ,x ne$ n surprise u t !re %\ld h be5 two cycles ( tradition1 n h[ev] mutually exclusive1 if ,jesus did appe> bo? 9 ,j]usalem & 9 ,galilee4 ,! same k9d ( local int]e/ :i* is suppos$ to expla9 ! "o-sid$ness ( ! synoptic /ory ( ! public m9i/ry w\ld easily acc\nt = "o l9e ( tradition :i* report$ ,galilean appe>ances1 & ano!r :i* report$ ^? 9 ,j]usalem4 ,luke may h _h access to in=mation :i* furni%$ him only ! ,j]usalem /ory4 ,john & ,pet]1 h[ev]1 mu/ h kn[n ! wid] facts4 ,! v div]g5ces & seem+ contradictions ( ! gospels1 tr\blesome z !y are1 indicate h[ completely c]ta9ty reg>d+ ! fact ( ! resurrection remov$ f ! ?\ght ( ! apo/olic day nice c>efulness conc]n+ ! te/imony to individual manife/ations ( ! ris5 ,"l4 ,d\btless ! fir/ prea*+ re/$1 z 9 ! case ( ,paul1 on a simple ,i h se5 ! ,"l4 ,:5 lat] ! detail$ te/imony 0 want$ = writt5 gospels1 x _h suff]$ ! lot common to orally transmitt$ records1 & div]g5ces _h sprung up :i* x is no long] possible = u to resolve4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 *all5ge ! fact :i* lies beh9d all ! v>i$ te/imony4 #bae4 ,a g5]al view ( ! ev5ts ( t ?ird day & ^? :i* foll[$ c be con/ruct$ f our gospels & ,paul4 ,e>ly on ! fir/ day ( ! week c]ta9 wom51 includ+ ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,m>y ! "m ( ,james & ,joses1 ,salome1 ,joanna1 & o!rs1 came to ano9t ! body ( ,jesus4 ,on _! arrival !y f\nd t ! /one _h be5 roll$ back f ! tomb4 ,m>y ,magdal5e saw t ! grave 0 empty & ran to tell ,pet] & ,john4 ,! o!rs saw also a vision ( angels :i* said t ,jesus 0 alive & w\ld see 8 disciples 9 ,galilee1 & ran to report ?is to ! disciples4 ,mean:ile ,m>y ,magdal5e return$1 foll[+ ,pet] & ,john :o ran to see ! tomb1 & f\nd x empty z %e _h said4 ,%e l+]$ aft] !y left1 & ,jesus appe>$ to h]1 %e mi/ak+ him at fir/ = ! g>d5]4 ,%e !n w5t to tell ! disciples t %e _h se5 ! ,"l4 ,^! ev5ts evid5tly occurr$ 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,! next incid5t report$ is t ( ! walk ( two disciples1 n ( ! twelve1 to ,emmaus1 & ! appe>ance ( ,jesus to !m4 ,at fir/ !y did n recognize him1 n ev5 :5 he taught !m out ( ! scriptures ! necessity t ! ,messiah %\ld die4 ,he 0 made kn[n :5 at ev5+ he sat d[n ) !m to a famili> meal4 ,ei!r be=e or aft] ?is ev5t he _h %[n himself to ,pet]4 ,?is is ! fir/ manife/ation report$ by ,paul4 ,if ,luke xxiv4 #ab is g5u9e 7see ,r4,v4 m>g971 he also tells t :5 ! two aga9 rea*$ ,j]usalem ! apo/les receiv$ !m ) ! news t ,pet] _h se5 ! ,"l4 ,t same ev5+ ,jesus appe>$ sudd5ly among ! disciples 9 _! well-gu>d$ upp] room4 ,8 com+ 0 su* t he _h to conv9ce ! disciples t he 0 n simply a disembodi$ _s4 ,luke says t he did ?is by bidd+ !m h&le him1 & by eat+ "p ( a fi% be=e !m4 ,accord+ to ,john1 ,?omas 0 n ) ! o!rs at ?is fir/ meet+ ) ! disciples4 ,a week lat]1 presumably 9 ,j]usalem1 ,jesus aga9 manife/$ himself to ! little company1 ,?omas be+ ) !m1 & dispell$ ! d\bt ( t disciple :o lov$ too deeply to indulge a hope :i* might only disappo9t4 ,he _h b to see 9 ord] to believe1 & make supreme confession ( 8 fai?4 ,! next appe>ance 0 probably t to ! sev5 disciples by ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 :5 ,pet]1 :o d5i$ ?rice1 0 ?rice te/$ conc]n+ 8 love = 8 ,"l4 ,!n app>5tly foll[$ ! meet+ on ! m\nta9 report$ 9 ,mat!w1 :i* 0 probably ! same z ! appe>ance to ! five hundr$ bre?r52 !n1 probably /ill 9 ,galilee1 ,jesus appe>$ to 8 bro!r ,james1 :o f t "t on 0 a lead] among ! disciples4 ,! next manife/ation ( :i* record is pres]v$ 0 ! f9al "o 9 ,j]usalem1 aft] :i* ,jesus l$ 8 disciples out z f> z ,be?any & 0 sep>at$ f !m1 h5ce=? to be ?\ght ( by !m z seat$ at ! "r h& ( ,god4 #baf4 ,?is con/ruction ( ! /ory z giv5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t does viol5ce to ! acc\nts 9 "o p>ticul>4 ,x holds t ,mat!w's report ( ! meet+ ( ,jesus ) ! wom5 on _! way f ! tomb on ,ea/] morn+ is to be id5tifi$ ) 8 meet+ ) ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,?is c be done only if x is suppos$ t 9 ! transmission ( ! tradition ! commission giv5 ! wom5 by ! angel 7,m>k xvi4 #f;f47 became bl5d$ ) ! message giv5 to ,m>y by ! ,"l 7,john xx4 #ag71 ! result be+ virtually ! same = ! religi\s int]e/ ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 :ile = ! hi/oric int]e/ ( our days x con/itutes a discrepancy4 ,! difficulty is less on ?is supposition ?an on any o!r4 ,x is highly significant t ! acc\nt ( ! mo/ indubitable fact 9 ! view ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians is ! mo/ difficult portion ( ! gospels = ! exact h>moni/ to deal )4 ,?is is n ( s]i\s mom5t = ! hi/orical /ud5t4 ,x is r a w>n+ aga9/ !oretical ideas ( inspiration4 #bag4 ,! univ]sal ackn[l$gm5t t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians firmly believ$ 9 ! resurrection ( _! ,"l has made ! orig9 ( t firm conviction a "q ( prim>y importance4 ,! simple facts z set =? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t s]ve abundantly to acc\nt = ! fai? ( ! e>ly *ur*1 b !y n only involve a l>ge recognition ( ! miracul\s1 !y also conta9 p]plexities = ^? :o d n /umble at ! sup]natural2 h5ce !re h be5 _m attempts to f9d o!r solutions ( ! problem4 ,"s ( ! explanations (f]$ may be dismiss$ ) a ^w3 = in/ance1 ^? :i*1 9 "o =m or o!r1 r5ew ! old *>ge f\nd 9 ! fir/ gospel1 t ! disciples /ole ! body ( ,jesus1 & !n decl>$ t he _h ris52 & ^? :i* assume t ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 app>5t only1 t he fa9t$ on ! cross1 & !n ! *ill ( ! night air & ( ! sepul*re s]v$ to revive him1 s t 9 ! morn+ he 0 able to leave ! tomb & appe> to 8 disciples z "o ris5 f ! dead4 ,?is app>5t-dea? !ory involves ,jesus 9 an ugly deception1 :ile ! !ory t ! disciples or any gr\p ( !m remov$ ! body ( ,jesus & !n gave curr5cy to ! notion t he _h ris51 builds ! greate/ e?ical & religi\s movem5t kn[n to hi/ory on a lie4 ,a slightly diff]5t explanation :i* 0 v e>ly sugge/$ 0 t ! ,jews !mselves1 or p]haps ! g>d5]1 _h ! body remov$1 & t :5 ,m>y f\nd ! tomb empty %e let h] fai? conclude t 8 abs5ce mu/ be due to 8 resurrection4 #bah4 ,?is la/ explanation has 9 rec5t times be5 reviv$ 9 connection ) ! s-call$ vision-hypo!sis by ,r5an & ,rville4 ,m>y f\nd ! tomb empty1 & be+ h]self ( a highly /rung n]v\s nature--%e _h be5 cur$ by ,jesus ( sev5 devils--by ?9k+ ab\t ! empty tomb %e soon work$ h]self into an ec/asy 9 :i* h] eyes seem$ to behold :at h] he>t desir$ to see4 ,%e communicat$ h] vision to ! o!rs1 & by a sort ( n]v\s contagion1 !y1 too1 fell to see+ visions1 & x is ! report ( ^! t we h 9 ! gospels4 ,! vision-hypo!sis takes ) "s1 ,/rauss = in/ance1 a diff]5t =m4 ,^! d5y t ! tomb 0 f\nd empty at all1 & reg>d ?is /ory z a contribution ( ! lat] leg5d-mak+ _s4 ,!y hold t ! disciples fl$ f ,j]usalem z soon z ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 an assur$ fact1 & n until aft] !y f\nd !mselves amid ! famili> sc5es ( ,galilee1 did _! fai? recov] f ! %ock x _h receiv$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,9 ,galilee ! exp]i5ces ( _! life ) ,jesus 7 liv$ ov] aga91 & ! old confid5ce 9 him z ,messiah reviv$4 ,?us ?9k+ ab\t ! ,"l1 _! he>ts w\ld say1 ,he _c h di$1 & aft] a :ile _! fai? rose to ! conviction :i* decl>$1 ,he is n dead2 !n !y pass$ into an ec/atic mood & visions foll[$ :i* are ! g]m out ( :i* ! gospel /ories h gr[n4 #bai4 ,^! diff]5t =ms ( ! vision-hypo!sis h be5 subject$ to mo/ se>*+ criticism by ,keim1 :o is all ! m sev]e because 8 own ?\ght has s mu* t is ak9 to !m4 ,!re are two objections :i* refute ! hypo!sis4 ,! fir/ is t ! uni=m tradition :i* connects ! resurrection & ! fir/ appe>ances ) ! ?ird day aft] ! crucifixion leaves f> too %ort a "t = ! recov]y ( fai? & ! gr[? ( ec/atic feel+ :i* are requisite = ^! visions1 ev5 suppos+ t ! disciples' fai? _h su* recup]ative p[]s4 ,! second is t once su* an ec/atic mood 0 acquir$ x w\ld be accord+ to exp]i5ce 9 analog\s cases = ! visions to cont9ue1 if n to increase1 z ! ?\ght ( ! ris5 ,"l grew m cle> & famili>2 yet ! tradition is uni=m t ! appe>ances ( ! ris5 ,*ri/ ceas$ aft]1 at mo/1 a few weeks4 ,! only lat] "o 0 t :i* l$ to ! conv]sion ( ,paul2 & ?\gh ,paul 0 a man some:at giv5 to ec/atic exp]i5ces 7see ,,ii4 ,cor4 xii471 he c>efully di/+ui%es 9 8 own ?\ght 8 see+ ( ! ,"l & 8 heav5ly visions4 ,9 a ^w1 ! disciples ( ,jesus nev] %[$ a m heal?y1 normal life ?an t :i* gave !m /r5g? to f\nd a *ur* ( believ]s 9 ! resurrection 9 ! face ( p]secution & scorn4 #bbj4 ,keim seeks to avoid ! difficulties :i* 8 own acute criticism disclos$ 9 ! ord9>y vision-!ory1 by ano!r :i* rejects ! gospel /ories z leg5d>y1 yet frankly ackn[l$ges t ! fai? ( ! apo/les 9 ! resurrection 0 bas$ on a miracle4 ,_! c]ta9ty 0 s un%akable1 s uni=m1 s abid+1 t x c be acc\nt$ = only by ackn[l$g+ t !y did actually see ! ,"l4 ,?is see+1 h[ev]1 0 n ) ! eyes ( s5se1 b ) ! spiritual vision1 :i* prop]ly p]ceives :at p]ta9s to ! _s _w into :i* ! glorifi$ ,"l _h )drawn :5 he di$4 ,9 8 spiritual e/ate he manife/$ himself to 8 disciples1 by a s]ies ( div9ely caus$ & !re=e ess5tially objective visions1 9 :i* he prov$ to !m abundantly t he 0 alive1 0 victor ov] dea?1 & _h be5 exalt$ by ,god to 8 "r h&4 ,?is !ory is n 9 itself (f5sive to fai?4 ,x conc$es t ! belief ( ! disciples re/$ on actual disclosures ( himself to !m by ! glorifi$ ,"l4 ,! difficulty ) ! !ory is t x relegates ! empty tomb to ! limbo ( leg5d1 ?\gh x is a feature ( ! tradition :i* is f\nd 9 all ! gospels & cle>ly impli$ 9 ,paul 7,i4 ,cor4 xv4 #d2 comp>e ,rom4 vi4 #d72 x also fails to %[ h[ ?is glorifi$ ,*ri/ came to be ?\ght ( by ! disciples z ris51 r ?an simply glorifi$ 9 _s4 ,?is criticism br+s u back to ! necessity ( recogniz+ a resurrection :i* 0 9 "s real s5se corporeal1 difficult z t conception is = u4 ,! gospels ass]t ?is ) great simplicity & delicate res]ve4 ,!y repres5t ,jesus z return+ to 8 disciples ) a body :i* 0 sup]ior to ! limitations :i* h$ge our lives ab\t4 ,x may be well describ$ by ,paul's words1 ,x is s[n a natural body2 x is rais$ a spiritual body4 ,yet ! records indicate t :5 he will$ ,jesus c\ld (f] himself to ! p]ception ( o!r s5ses ?an sight & he>+--h&le me & see is n an invitation t we expect f a spiritual pres5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we h to confess an unsolv$ my/]y "h1 & /ill m 9 ! record ( 8 eat+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! disciples 7,luke xxiv4 #da-dc71 x is p]mitt$ u to own t our k ( ! possible conditions ( ! fully p]fect$ life are n su* z to w>rant great dogmatism 9 criticis+ ! acc\nt4 ,! empty tomb1 ! objective pres5ce ( ! ris5 ,jesus1 ! r5ew$ fai? ( 8 foll[]s1 & _! new p[] are e/abli%$ data = our ?\ght4 ,) ^!1 _m ( ! details may be left 9 my/]y1 because we h n yet light suffici5t to reveal to u all t we %\ld l to "k4 #bba4 ,! asc5sion ( ! ris5 ,*ri/ to 8 ,fa!r is ! presupposition ( all ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*+4 ,! ,acts1 ! ,epi/les1 & ! ,apocalypse jo9 9 ! repres5tation t he is n[ at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,9 fact x may be said t su* a view is involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 = ! v idea ( t victory 0 t dea? _h no m dom9ion ov] him4 ,x is a fact1 h[ev]1 t none ( our gospels 9 _! correct text 7see ,luke xxiv4 #ea1 ,r4,v4 m>g97 tell ( ! asc5sion4 ,luke cle>ly implies x1 & ,john says t ,jesus told ,m>y to tell ! disciples t he 0 ab\t to asc5d to 8 ,fa!r & _! ,fa!r4 ,9 ,luke's lat] book1 h[ev] 7,acts i4 #a-aa71 he gives a full acc\nt ( a la/ meet+ ( ,jesus ) ! disciples1 & ( 8 asc5sion to heav5 be=e _! eyes4 ,?is )drawal 9 ! cl\d mu/ be und]/ood z an act$ p>able2 =1 9 reality1 !re is no reason = ?9k+ t ! cl\ds :i* hung ov] ,olivet t day 7 any ne>] ,god's pres5ce ?an ! gr\nd on :i* ! disciples /ood4 ,= !m1 h[ev]1 su* a disappe>ance w\ld signify vividly ! cessation ( _! e>?ly int]c\rse ) _! ,"l1 & 8 return to 8 home ) ! ,fa!r4 ,! ^w ( ,jesus to ,m>y 7,john xx4 #ag7 may fairly be int]pret$ to mean t ,jesus _h asc5d$ to ! ,fa!r on ! day ( ! resurrection1 & t ea* ( 8 subsequ5t manife/ations ( himself 7 l t :i* lat] he grant$ to ,paul ne> ,damascus4 ,9 fact x is easi] to view ! matt] 9 ?is way ?an to conceive ( ,jesus z soj\rn+ 9 "s hidd5 place = =ty days aft] 8 resurrection4 ,:at ! disciples witness$ t5 days be=e ,p5teco/ 0 a )drawal simil> to ^? :i* _h sep>at$ him f !m frequ5tly dur+ ! rec5t weeks1 only n[ set be=e _! eyes 9 su* a way z to tell !m t ^! manife/ations _h rea*$ an end2 !y mu/ h5ce=? wait = ! o!r repres5tative ( ,god & ,*ri/1 ! ,_s1 giv5 to !m at ,p5teco/4 #bbb4 ,! fai? ) :i* ! disciples wait$ = ! promis$ _s 0 a v diff]5t fai? f t :i* ,pet] confess$ = 8 fell[s at ,cs>ea ,philippi4 ,x _h ! same supreme atta*m5t to a p]sonal fri5d :o _h prov$ to be ,god's ,ano9t$2 ! same read9ess to let him lead :i!rsoev] he w\ld2 ! same firm expectation ( a re/itution ( all ?+s1 9 :i* ,god %\ld set up 8 k+dom visibly1 ) ,jesus z ! ,k+ ( m54 ,n[1 h[ev]1 _! tru/ 0 mu* full] ?an be=e1 & !y look$ = a /ill m glori\s k+dom :5 _! fri5d & ,"l %\ld come f heav5 to assume 8 reign4 ,!y expect$ ,*ri/ to return soon 9 glory1 yet 8 dea? & victory made !m ready to endure any p]secution = him1 c]ta9 t1 l ! suff]+s :i* he endur$1 x w\ld lead to victory4 ,^! disciples _h no idea t 9 prea*+ a religion ( p]sonal atta*m5t to _! ,ma/]1 9 fill+ all m5's ?\ghts ) 8 "n1 9 build+ all hope on 8 return1 & guid+ all life by 8 tea*+ & _s1 !y 7 cutt+ _! moor+s f ! religion ( _! fa!rs4 ,!y rema9$ loyal to ! law1 !y 7 con/ant 9 ! wor%ip2 b !y _h p\r$ new w9e into ! bottles1 & 9 "t x prov$ ! inadequacy ( ! old =ms & revolutioniz$ ! _w's religi\s life4 ,"p ,,iii ,! ,m9i/] ,i ,! ,fri5d ( ,m5 #bbc4 ,9 no?+ does ! contra/ betwe5 ,jesus & ,john ! ,bapti/ appe> m cle>ly ?an 9 _! attitude t[>ds common social life4 ,john _h 8 tra9+ & did 8 "w ap>t f ! homes ( m54 ,! wild]ness 0 8 *os5 & fit sc5e ( labor4 ,f ?is solitude he s5t =? 8 summons & w>n+ to 8 p4 ,!y :o s\ght him = full] tea*+ w5t aft] him & f\nd him :]e he 04 ,!y !n return$ to _! homes & _! "w1 leav+ ! prophet ) 8 few disciples 9 _! seclusion4 ,) ,jesus x 0 o!rwise4 ,8 fir/ act1 aft] atta*+ to himself a few foll[]s1 0 to g into ,galilee to ! t[n ( ,cana1 & !re ) !m to p>take 9 ! fe/ivities ( a w$d+4 ,:ile x is true t mo/ ( 8 tea*+ 0 by ! wayside1 among ! hills1 or by ! sea1 x is /ill a surprise to discov] h[ (t5 8 m9i/ry f\nd its occasion z he 0 sitt+ at table 9 ! h\se ( "s fri5d1 real or feign$4 ,! g5u9e fri5d%ips ( ,jesus z !y appe> 9 ! gospels are among ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( 8 life--witness ! home at ,be?any1 ! wom5 :o foll[$ him ev5 to ! cross1 & m9i/]$ to him ( _! sub/ance1 & ! belov$ disciple4 ,jesus calls att5tion to ?is contra/ betwe5 himself & ,john1 rem9d+ ! p h[ "s ( ! scornful po9t$ ! f+] at himself z a glutton\s man & a w9e-bibb]1 a fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s4 ,he receiv$ 8 tra9+ z a c>p5t] :ile ,john 0 9 8 wild]ness solitude4 ,m5 :o w\ld probably h /ood ) admiration be=e ,john _h he visit$ _! synagogue1 f\nd ,jesus too mu* "o ( !mselves1 & w\ld none ( him z a prophet 7,m>k vi4 #b1 #c74 #bbd4 ,a l contra/ sets ,jesus ap>t f ! scribes ( 8 day4 ,^! 7 rev]$ by ! p1 9 "p p]haps because !y held ! common folk 9 su* contempt4 ,_! attitude 0 frank--?is multitude :i* kn[e? n ! law is accurs$ 7,john vii4 #di74 ,! popul> en?usiasm = ,jesus fill$ !m ) scorn1 until x began to give !m al>m4 ,!y 7 glad to be rev]5c$ by ! p1 to int]pret ! law = !m b9d+ heavy burd5s & griev\s to be borne2 b %[$ little g5u9e int]e/ 9 !m4 ,jesus1 on ! o!r h&1 n only _h ! rev]5ce ( ! multitudes1 b welcom$ !m4 ,fir/ 8 words & 8 works drew !m1 !n he himself en*a9$ _! he>ts4 ,outca/s1 ri* & poor1 cr[d$ into 8 company1 & f\nd him n only a tea*]1 a prophet ( righte\sness rebuk+ _! s9s & call+ to rep5tance1 b a fri5d1 :o 0 n a%am$ to be se5 9 _! homes1 to h !m among 8 close/ att5dants1 & to be kn[n z _! *ampion4 ,x 0 :5 su* z ^! 7 press+ ^u him to he> him t ,jesus repli$ to ! criticism ( ! scribes 9 ! ?ree p>ables ( recov]$ treasure :i* /& among ! r>e/ gems ( ! ,ma/]'s tea*+ 7,luke xv474 #bbe4 ,"o class only 9 ! community fail$ ( 8 sympa?y1--! self-righte\s hypocrites1 :o ?\ght t godl9ess consi/$ 9 scrupul\s reg>d = pi\s c]emonies1 & t zeal 0 mo/ laudable :5 direct$ to ! removal ( motes f _! bro!rs' eyes4 ,= ^! ,jesus _h words ( rebuke & burn+ scorn4 ,x has be5 common ) "s to emphasize 8 fri5d%ip = ! poor z if he *ose !m = _! pov]ty1 & ! unlett]$ = _! ignorance4 ,yet ,jesus _h no fa/] fri5ds ?an ! wom5 :o foll[$ f ,galilee & m9i/]$ to him ( _! sub/ance1 & ! two sanh$ri/s1 ,joseph ^: new tomb receiv$ 8 body1 & ,nicodemus ^: lib]ality provid$ ! spices :i* embalm$ him2 = ^!1 & n ! ,galilean fi%]m51 7 fai?ful to ! la/ at ! cross & at ! grave4 ,9 no home did ,jesus f9d a full] or m welcome fri5d%ip ?an 9 ,be?any1 :]e all t is told u ( its conditions sugge/s ! opposite ( pov]ty4 ,! ri* "y rul]1 :o %[$ 8 too great devotion to 8 possessions1 w\ld h>dly h s\ght out ,jesus ) 8 "q1 if he 0 kn[n z ! *ampion ( pov]ty z 9 itself ess5tial to godl9ess4 ,! dem& made ( him surpris$ him1 & 0 suit$ to 8 special case4 ,jesus saw cle>ly ! difficulties :i* weal? puts 9 ! way ( fai?1 b he recogniz$ ! p[] ( ,god to ov]come !m1 & :5 ,zac*eus turn$ disciple1 ! dem& = complete surr5d] ( possessions 0 n repeat$4 ,on ! contr>y ,jesus taught 8 disciples t ev5 ! unrighte\s mammon %\ld be us$ to w9 fri5ds 7,luke xvi4 #i71 s m9i/]+ unto "s ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r5 7,matt4 xxv4 #dj74 ,! beatitude 9 ,luke's report ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt 7,luke vi4 #bj7 0 n = ! poor z poor simply1 b = ^? poor folk lightly e/eem$ :o _h spiritual s5se en\gh to foll[ ,jesus1 :ile ! well-to-d z a class 7 cont5t ) ! consolation already 9 h&4 ,jesus' int]e/ 0 9 "*1 :]ev] x 0 manife/1 :e!r 9 ! rep5tance ( a *ief ( ! publicans1 or 9 ! wid[ woman's gift ( all h] liv+2 :e!r x appe>$ 9 ! hung] = tru? %[n by ,nicodemus1 a tea*] ( ,israel1 or 9 ! woman t 0 a s9n] :o wa%$ 8 feet ) h] te>s4 ,he 0 ! great reveal] ( ! wor? ( simple humanity1 9 man1 woman1 or *ild4 ,our _w has nev] se5 ano!r :o s surely p5etrat$ all masks or disguis+ circum/ances & f\nd ! man himself1 & hav+ f\nd him lov$ him4 #bbf4 ,?is sympa?y = simple manhood 0 manife/$ 9 a g5u9e int]e/ 9 ! common life ( m5 9 bus9ess1 pleasure1 or tr\ble4 ,x is significant t ! fir/ ex]cise ( 8 miracul\s p[] %\ld h be5 to relieve ! emb>rassm5t ( 8 ho/ at a w$d+ fea/4 ,d\btless we are to und]/& t ! miracle _h a deep] purpose ?an simply supply+ ! ne$$ w9e 7,john ii4 #aa72 b ! significant ?+ is t ,jesus %\ld *oose to manife/ 8 glory 9 ?is way4 ,x %[s a g5u9e appreciation ( social life q impossible to an ascetic l ! ,bapti/4 ,! same appe>s 9 ! way ,jesus all[$ 8 publican apo/le to introduce him to 8 =m] associates1 to ! great sc&al ( ! ,ph>isees2 = a fea/ at :i* ,jesus & a numb] ( publicans 7 ! *ief gue/s accord$ n ) religion z !y und]/ood x4 ,jesus1 h[ev]1 seems to h f\nd x a welcome opportunity to seek "s ( 8 lo/ %eep4 ,! illu/rations :i* he us$ 9 8 tea*+ 7 (t5 8 be/ introduction to ! common he>t1 = !y 7 drawn f ! occupations ( ! p :o came to li/52 :ile ! aid ,jesus gave to 8 disciples 9 _! fi%+ %[$ n only 8 p[]1 b also 8 respect = _! "w1 a respect fur!r prov$ :5 he call$ !m to be fi%]s ( m54 #bbg4 ,beyond ?is int]e/ 9 life's joy & its occupations 0 t unfail+ sympa?y ) its tr\bles :i* drew ! multitudes to him4 ,he 0 f> m ?an a heal]2 he /udi$ to rid ! p ( ! idea t he 0 a m]e miracle-mong]4 ,he heal$ !m because he lov$ !m1 & he ask$ ( ^? :o s\ght 8 help t !y too %\ld feel ! p]sonal relation into :i* 8 p[] _h br\ght !m4 ,?is seems to be 9 "p ! significance ( 8 uni=m dem& = fai?4 ,d\btless ,m>y1 out ( :om he _h ca/ sev5 devils1 & ,simon ! lep]1 :o seems to h exp]i5c$ 8 p[] to heal1 are only s+le in/ances ( _m :o f\nd 9 him f> m ?an at fir/ !y s\ght4 ,no fur!r record rema9s ( ! p>alytic :o c>ri$ (f 8 b$1 b left ! burd5 ( 8 s9s beh9d1 nor ( ! woman :o lov$ mu* because %e _h be5 =giv5 mu*1 nor ( ! ,sam>itan ^: life he uncov]$ t he might be able to give h] ! liv+ wat]4 ,"s :o _h 8 help = body or he>t may h gone away =getful1 aft] ! fa%ion ( m51 b 9 ! company ( ^? :o 7 bold to be> 8 "n aft] 8 resurrection !re mu/ h be5 _m :o c\ld n =get4 #bbh4 ,jesus' int]e/ 9 common life 0 g5u9e1 & he ent]$ into x ) 8 he>t4 ,! incid5t ( ! ano9t+ ( 8 feet z he sat a gue/ 9 a ,ph>isee's h\se %[s t he 0 ke5ly s5sitive to ! treatm5t he receiv$ at ! h&s ( m54 ,he _h no?+ to say ( ! slights 8 ho/ _h %[n him1 until t ho/ began m5tally to criticise ! woman :o 0 m9i/]+ to him 9 h] love & p5it5ce4 ,!n ) quiet dignity ,jesus m5tion$ ! sev]al omissions ( c\rtesy :i* he _h notic$ s9ce he came 91 contra/+ ! woman's att5tion ) ,simon's neglect 7,luke vii4 #cf-ej74 ,"o ( ! sadde/ ?+s ab\t ,ge?semane 0 ,jesus' va9 plead+ ) 8 disciples = sympa?y 9 8 awful h\r4 ,!y 7 too mu* daz$ ) awe & fe> to l5d him _! he>ts' support4 ,he recogniz$ inde$ t x 0 only a weakness ( ! fle%2 yet he crav$ _! fri5d%ip's help1 & repeat$ly ask$ !m to wat* ) him1 = 8 s\l 0 exce$+ sorr[ful4 ,9 contra/ ) ?is disappo9tm5t /&s ! joy ) :i* ,jesus he>d f ,pet] ! confession :i* prov$ t ! fall+ (f ( popul> en?usiasm _h n %ak5 ! loyalty ( 8 *os5 companions1--,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>-,jonah3 = fle% & blood h n reveal$ x unto !e1 b my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 7,matt4 xvi4 #ag74 ,!re is ! sorr[ ( lonel9ess z well z rebuke 9 8 compla9t1 ,o fai?less g5]ation1 h[ long %all ,i be ) y8 h[ long %all ,i be> ) y8 7,m>k ix4 #ai71 & ! lam5tation ov] ,j]usalem comes f a long+ he>t 7,luke xiii4 #cd74 #bbi4 ,! indep5d5ce ( human sympa?y :i* ,jesus (t5 %[$ is all ! m glori\s = ! evid5ce ! gospels give ( 8 long+ = x4 ,:5 he put ! "q to ! twelve1 ,w\ld ye also g away8 7,john vi4 #fg71 !re is no h9t 9 8 mann] t _! defection ) ! re/ w\ld turn him at all f fai?fully fulfill+ ! task appo9t$ to him by 8 ,fa!r4 ,9 fact only n[ & !n did he all[ 8 own hung] to appe>4 ,ord9>ily he %[$ himself z ! fri5d long+ to help1 b n seek+ m9i/ry f o!rs2 he r s\ght to w9 8 disciples to unselfi%ness by %[+ z well z say+ t he came n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/]4 ,he wa%$ ! feet ( 8 disciples to rebuke _! petty jeal\sies1 b we h no h9t t he %[$ t he felt p]sonal neglect4 ,8 own he>t 0 full ( sorr[ ev5 unto dea?1 b 8 ^w 01 ,let n y\r he>t be tr\bl$2 he ask$ 9 va9 = ! sympa?y ( 8 ne>e/ fri5ds 9 ,ge?semane1 yet :5 ! b& came to arre/ him he plead$1 ,let ^!1 ! disciples1 g _! way4 ,,ii ,! ,tea*] ) ,au?ority #bcj4 ,to 8 contempor>ies ,jesus 0 prim>ily a tea*]4 ,! "n by :i* he is (t5e/ nam$ 9 ! gospels is ,tea*]1--translat$ ,ma/] 9 ! ,engli% v]sions & ! equival5t ( ,rabbi 9 ! language us$ by ,jesus 7,john i4 #ch74 ,p ?\ght ( him z a rabbi approv$ ( ,god by 8 p[] to "w miracles 7,john iii4 #b71 b x 0 n ! miracles t mo/ impress$ !m4 ,! popul> comm5t 01 ,he taught !m z "o hav+ au?ority1 & n z ! scribes 7,matt4 vii4 #bi74 ,two lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! scribes 7 _! pride ( le>n+1 & _! bondage to tradition4 ,9 fact ! le>n+ ( :i* !y 7 pr\d 0 k ( ! body ( tradition on ^: sanctity !y insi/$2 _! tea*+ 0 s*ola/ic & p$antic1 an endless cit+ ( prec$5ts & discussion ( trifles4 ,to all ?is ,jesus pres5t$ a refre%+ contra/4 ,9 comm5d+ tru? to ! p1 he 0 cont5t ) a simple v]ily1 & 9 def9+ duty he re/$ on 8 unsupport$ ,i say unto y1 ev5 :5 8 dictum /ood oppos$ to t :i* _h be5 said to !m ( old "t4 #bca4 ,9 ?is fre$om f ! bondage ( tradition ,jesus 0 n alone4 ,john ! ,bapti/'s message _h be5 z simple & unsupport$ by appeal to ! eld]s4 ,jesus & ,john bo? reviv$ ! me?od ( ! old] prophets1 & x is 9 l>ge measure due to ?is t ! p di/+ui%$ !m cle>ly f _! ord9>y tea*]s1 & held !m bo? to be prophets4 ,"o ?+ involv$ 9 ?is au?oritative me?od 0 a frank appeal to ! consci5ce ( m54 ,s completely _h ! scribes sub/itut$ memory ( tradition = appeal to ! simple s5se ( "r1 t !y 7 utt]ly daz$ :5 ,jesus und]took to settle que/ions ( ,sabba? obs]vance & c]emonial cleanl9ess by ask+ 8 he>]s to use _! religi\s common s5se1 & consid] :e!r a man is n mu* bett] ?an a %eep1 or :e!r a man is n defil$ r by :at comes out ( 8 m\? ?an by :at ent]s into x 7,matt4 xii4 #ab2 ,m>k vii4 #ae74 ,jesus 0 = 8 g5]ation ! great discov]] ( ! consci5ce1 & = all "t ! *ampion ( its dignity aga9/ f9espun !ory & traditional practice4 ,all 8 tea*+ has ?is quality 9 great] or less degree4 ,x appe>s :5 by means ( ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan he makes ! lawy] answ] 8 own "q 7,luke x4 #be-cg71 :5 he bids ! multitude 9 ,j]usalem judge n accord+ to ! appe>ance1 b judge righte\s judgm5t 7,john vii4 #bd71 :5 he asks 8 inquisitors 9 ! temple ^: image & sup]scription ! co9 !y us$ 9 common bus9ess be>s 7,m>k xii4 #af74 ,8 :ole "w 9 ,galilee 0 pro( ( 8 confid5ce t 9 e>ne/ s\ls ! consci5ce w\ld be 8 ally1 & t he c\ld impress himself on !m f> m indelibly ?an any sign f heav5 c\ld en=ce 8 claim4 #bcb4 ,jesus 0 n only indep5d5t ( ! traditions ( ! scribes1 he 0 also v free at times ) ! lett] ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:5 by a ^w he made all meats clean 7,m>k vii4 #ai71 he set himself aga9/ ! p]man5t validity ( ! ,levitical ritual4 ,:5 ! ,ph>isees plead$ ,moses = _! au?ority 9 ! matt] ( divorce1 ,jesus ref]r$ !m back ( ,moses to ! orig9al con/itution ( mank9d 7,matt4 xix4 #c-i74 ,8 g5]al attitude to ! ,sabba? 0 n only oppos$ to ! traditions ( ! scribes1 x also disreg>d$ ! ,old ,te/am5t conception ( ! ,sabba? z an in/itution4 ,yet ,jesus took pa9s to decl>e t he came n to set aside ! old b to fulfil x 7,matt4 v4 #ag74 ,! contra/s :i* he draws betwe5 ?+s said to !m ( old & 8 new tea*+s 7,matt4 v4 #ba-dh7 look at fir/ mu* l a do+ away ( ! old4 ,jesus did n s conceive !m4 ,he r ?\ght ( !m z fre% /atem5ts ( ! idea :i* und]lay ! old2 !y fulfill$ ! old by realiz+ m fully t :i* x _h set be=e an e>li] g5]ation4 ,he 0 ! mo/ radical tea*] ! m5 ( 8 day c\ld conceive1 b 8 "w 0 cle>+ rubbi% away f ! roots ( v5]able tru? t x might be> fruit1 r ?an root+ up ! old to put some?+ else 9 its place4 #bcc4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t 0 = ,jesus a holy book4 ,8 m9d 0 fill$ ) its /ories & its language4 ,9 ! tea*+s :i* h be5 pres]v$ = u he has made use ( writ+s f all p>ts ( ! ,jewi% scriptures--,law1 ,prophets1 & ,psalms4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t furni%$ him ! weapons = 8 own s\l's /ruggle ) temptation 7,matt4 iv4 #d1 #g1 #aj71 x gave him argum5ts = use aga9/ 8 oppon5ts 7,m>k xii4 #bd-bg2 ii4 #be-bg71 & x 0 = him an inexhau/ible /oreh\se ( illu/ration 9 8 tea*+4 ,:5 inquir]s s\ght ! way ( life he po9t$ !m to ! scriptures 7,m>k x4 #ai2 see also ,john v4 #ci71 & decl>$ t ! ris+ ( "o f ! dead w\ld n avail = ! w>n+ ( ^? :o 7 unmov$ by ,moses & ! prophets 7,luke xvi4 #ca74 ,:5 ,jesus' p]sonal attitude to ! ,old ,te/am5t is consid]$ x is noticeable t :ile 8 quotations & allusions cov] a wide range1 & %[ v g5]al famili>ity ) ! :ole book1 !re appe>s a decid$ pr$om9ance ( ,deut]onomy1 ! la/ "p ( ,isaiah1 & ! ,psalms4 ,x is n difficult to see t ^! books are clos] 9 _s to 8 own ?\ght ?an mu* else 9 ! old writ+s2 8 use ( ! scripture %[s t "s p>ts appeal$ to him m ?an o!rs4 #bcd4 ,jesus z a tea*] 0 popul> & practical r ?an sy/ematic & !oretical4 ,! fre%ness ( 8 ideas is pro( t he 0 n lack+ 9 ?or\gh & ord]ly ?9k+1 = 8 complete dep>ture f curr5t conceptions ( ! k+dom ( ,god indicates p]fect ma/]y ( e?ical & !ological tru?4 ,x is all ! m rem>kable1 !re=e1 t s mu* ( 8 pr(\nde/ tea*+ seems to h be5 almo/ accid5tal4 ,! mo/ =mal disc\rse pres]v$ to u is ! s]mon on ! m\nt1 9 :i* human conduct is regulat$ by ! ?\ght ( ,god z ,fa!r & ,se>*] ( he>ts4 ,= ! re/ ! great ideas ( ,jesus h utt]ance 9 response to specific conditions pres5t$ to him 9 8 m9i/ry4 ,8 mo/ radical say+s conc]n+ ! ,sabba? foll[$ a criticism ( 8 disciples = pluck+ e>s ( gra9 z !y pass$ ?r\gh ! fields on ! ,sabba? day 7,m>k ii4 #bc-bh72 8 au?ority to =give s9s 0 ann\nc$ :5 a p>alytic 0 br\ght to him = heal+ 7,m>k ii4 #a-ab72 s f> z ! gospels indicate1 we %\ld h miss$ ,jesus' cle>e/ /atem5t ( ! significance ( 8 own dea? b = ! ambiti\s reque/ ( ,james & ,john 7,m>k x4 #ce-de74 ,examples ( ! occasional "* ( 8 tea*+ might be greatly multipli$4 ,he did n seek to be ! f\nd] ( a s*ool2 important z 8 tea*+s 71 !y take a place 9 8 "w second to 8 p]sonal influ5ce on 8 foll[]s4 ,he desir$ to w9 disciples ^: fai? 9 him w\ld )/& all %ocks1 r ?an to tra9 exp]ts :o w\ld pass on 8 ideas to o!rs4 ,8 disciples did become exp]ts1 = we owe to !m ! vivid pres5tation we h ( ! exalt$ & unique tea*+ ( _! ,ma/]2 b !y 7 ?us skilful because !y surr5d]$ !mselves to 8 p]sonal ma/]y1 & le>n$ to "k ! spr+s ( 8 own life & ?\ght4 #bce4 ,no?+ 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus is m rem>kable ?an 8 confid5ce t m5 :o believ$ 9 him w\ld adequately repres5t him & 8 message to ! _w4 ,! p>able ( ! ,leav5 seems to h set =? 8 own me?od4 ,we owe our gospels to no injunction giv5 by him to write d[n :at he said & did4 ,he impress$ himself on 8 foll[]s1 fill$ !m ) a love to himself :i* made !m s5sitive to 8 ideas z a photographic plate is to light1 tea*+ !m 8 tru? 9 =ms t did n at fir/ %[ any effect on _! ?\ght1 b 7 develop$ into /r5g? & cle>ness by ! exp]i5ces ( ! pass+ ye>s4 ,*ri/ian e?ics & !ology are f> m ?an an ord]ly pres5tation ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus2 9 s f> z !y are purely ,*ri/ian !y are ! sy/ematic sett+ =? ( tru? involv$1 ?\gh n express$1 9 :at he said & did 9 8 m9i/ry among m54 ,8 ideas 7 radical & ?or\ghly revolution>y4 ,8 me?od1 h[ev]1 _h 9 x all ! pati5ce ( ,god's work+ 9 nature1 & ! hidd5 noiseless p[] ( an evolution is its *>act]i/ic4 ,h5ce x 0 t he *ose to tea* "s ?+s exclusively 9 figure4 ,s great & unfamili> a tru? z ! gradual developm5t ( ,god's k+dom 0 unwelcome to ! ?\ght ( 8 "t4 ,he made x1 !re=e1 ! !me ( _m ( 8 p>ables2 & al?\gh ! disciples did n und]/& :at he meant1 ! picture rema9$ ) !m1 & 9 aft] ye>s !y grew up to 8 idea4 #bcf4 ,jesus' use ( illu/ration is "o ( ! mo/ m>k$ features ( 8 tea*+4 ,9 "o s5se ?is simply proves him to be a g5u9e ,ori5tal1 = to contemplate & pres5t ab/ract tru?s 9 concrete =m is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,semitic m9d4 ,9 ! case ( ,jesus1 h[ev]1 x proves m3 ! v>iety & homel9ess ( 8 illu/rations %[ h[ completely conv]sant he 0 alike ) common life & ) spiritual tru?4 ,!re is a fre$om & ease ab\t 8 use ( figurative language :i* sugge/s1 z no?+ else c\ld1 8 own cle> c]ta9ty conc]n+ ! ?+s ( :i* he spoke4 ,! fact1 too1 t 8 m9d dealt s naturally ) ! highe/ ?\ghts has made 8 illu/rations unique = pr(\nd tru? & simple beauty4 ,ne>ly ! :ole range ( figurative spee* is repres5t$ 9 8 record$ words1 includ+ =ms l irony & hyp]bole1 (t5 held to be unnatural to su* s]i\s spee* z 84 #bcg4 ,ano!r figure has become almo/ id5tifi$ ) ! "n ( ,jesus1--su* abundant & incomp>able use did he make ( x4 ,p>able 01 h[ev]1 no inv5tion ( 81 = ! rabbis ( 8 own & lat] times1 z well z ! sages & prophets :o w5t be=e !m1 made use ( x4 ,z di/+ui%$ f o!r =ms ( illu/ration1 ! p>able is a picture true to actual human life1 us$ to en=ce a religi\s tru?4 ,! picture may be drawn 9 detail1 z 9 ! /ory ( ! ,lo/ ,son 7,luke xv4 #aa-cb71 or x may be ! concise/ n>ration possible1 z 9 ! p>able ( ! ,leav5 7,matt4 xiii4 #cc72 b x always reta9s its "* z a n>rative true to human exp]i5ce4 ,x is ?is t gives p>able ! peculi> value x has = religi\s tea*+1 s9ce x br+s unfamili> tru? close home to e-day life4 ,l all ! illu/rations us$ by ,jesus1 ! p>able 0 ord9>ily *os5 z a means ( mak+ cle> ! spiritual tru? :i* he 0 pres5t+4 ,illu/ration nev] f9ds place z m]e ornam5t 9 8 addresses4 ,8 p>ables1 h[ev]1 7 sometimes us$ to baffle ! untea*able & critical4 ,su* 0 ! case on ! occasion 9 ,jesus' life :5 att5tion is fir/ call$ 9 ! gospels to ?is mode ( tea*+ 7,m>k iv4 #a-cd74 ,! p>able ( ! ,s[] w\ld mean little to he>]s :o held ! crude & mat]ial ideas ( ! k+dom :i* prevail$ among ,jesus' contempor>ies4 ,x 0 us$ z an invitation to consid] a great tru?1 & = tea*able disciples 0 full ( sugge/ion & mean+2 :ile = ! critical curiosity ( unfri5dly he>]s x 0 only a po9tless /ory1--a means adopt$ by ,jesus to save 8 pe>ls f be+ trampl$ "u foot1 & p]haps also to prev5t too e>ly a decision aga9/ him on ! "p ( 8 oppon5ts4 #bch4 ,9 no?+ is ,jesus' ease 9 h&l+ deepe/ tru? m app>5t ?an 9 8 use ( irony & hyp]bole 9 8 illu/rations4 ,9 8 ref]5ce to ! ,ph>isees z n9ety & n9e j p]sons :i* ne$ no rep5tance 7,luke xv4 #g71 & 9 8 "q1 ,_m good works h ,i %ew$ y f ! ,fa!r1 = :i* ( ^! works d y /one me8 7,john x4 #cb71 ! irony is pla91 b n any pla9] ?an ! rhetorical exagg]ation ( 8 accusation aga9/ ! scribes1 ,y /ra9 out a gnat & swall[ a camel 7,matt1 xxiii4 #bd71 or 8 decl>ation t x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh a ne$le's eye ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god 7,m>k x4 #be71 or 8 *>ge1 ,if a man come? unto me & hate? n 8 own fa!r & "m 444 he _c be my disciple 7,luke xiv4 #bf74 ,! =ce ( ^! /atem5ts is 9 _! hyp]bole4 ,only to an int]pretation :i* reg>ds ! lett] above ! _s c !y cause difficulty4 ,9 s f> z !y remove ,jesus utt]ly f ! p$antic c>efulness = words :i* m>k$ ! scribes !y are among ! r>e treasures ( 8 tea*+s4 ,! simple _s w n busy itself ab\t f9d+ some?+ t may be call$ a ne$le's eye ?r\gh :i* a camel c pass by squeez+1 nor w x seek a camel :i* c\ld conceivably be swall[$1 nor w x /umble at a seem+ comm& to hate ^? = :om ,god's law1 z emphasiz$ inde$ by ,jesus 7,m>k vii4 #f-ac71 dem&s peculi> love & honor4 ,! *ildlike _s :i* is heir ( ,god's k+dom readily und]/&s ?is w>n+ aga9/ ! sn>e ( ri*es1 ?is rebuke ( ! hypocritical life1 & ?is dem& = a love = ! ,ma/] :i* %all take ! fir/ place 9 ! he>t4 #bci4 ,jesus sometimes us$ object lessons z well z illu/rations1 & = ! same purpose1--to make 8 ?\ght transp>5tly cle> to 8 he>]s4 ,! dem& = a *ildlike fai? 9 ord] to ent] ! k+dom ( ,god 0 en=c$ by ! pres5ce ( a little *ild :om ,jesus set 9 ! mid/ ( ! circle to :om he 0 talk+ 7,m>k ix4 #ce-cg74 ,! unwor?y ambitions ( ! disciples 7 rebuk$ by ,jesus' tak+ himself ! m5ial place & wa%+ _! feet 7,john xiii4 #a-ae74 #bdj4 ,! simplicity & homel9ess ( ,jesus' tea*+ are n m rem>kable ?an ! al]tness ( m9d :i* he %[$ on all occasions4 ,! comm5t ( ! f\r? gospel1 he ne$$ n t any "o %\ld be> witness conc]n+ man1 = he himself knew :at 0 9 man 7ii4 #be71 d\btless ref]s to 8 sup]natural insight1 b x also tells ( 8 quick p]ception ( :at 0 involv$ 9 ea* situation 9 :i* he f\nd himself4 ,:e!r x 0 ,nicodemus com+ to him by night1 or ! lawy] ask+1 ,:o is my neighbor8 or a dissatisfi$ heir dem&+ t 8 bro!r divide ! inh]itance ) him1 or a gr\p ( ,ph>isees seek+ to und]m9e 8 p[] by attribut+ 8 cures to ! devil1 or try+ to entrap him by a "q ab\t tribute1 ,jesus 0 nev] caught unaw>es4 ,8 absorption 9 heav5ly tru? 0 n accompani$ by any bl9dness to e>?ly facts4 ,he knew :at ! m5 ( 8 day 7 ?9k+ ab\t1 :at !y hop$ =1 to :at follies !y gave _! he>ts1 & :at s9s hid ,god f !m4 ,he 0 em95tly a man ( ! p1 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) all t int]e/$ 8 fell[s1 & 9 ! mo/ natural1 human way4 ,:atev] ( ! sup]natural !re 0 9 8 k did n make x unnatural4 ,z he 0 socially at ease ) ! be/ & mo/ cultivat$ ( 8 day1 s he 0 intellectually ! ma/] ( e situation4 ,?is appe>s n[h]e m /rik+ly ?an 9 8 deal+ ) 8 ph>isaic critics4 ,:5 !y 7 %ock$ by 8 =giv5ess ( s9s1 or (f5d$ by 8 indiff]5ce to ! ,sabba? tradition1 or goad$ into blasphemy by 8 gr[+ influ5ce ov] ! p1 or tr\bl$ by 8 disciples' disreg>d ( ! traditional wa%+s1 or :5 lat] !y conspir$ to entrap him 9 8 spee*1--f fir/ to la/ he 0 s manife/ly sup]ior to 8 oppon5ts t !y )drew discomfit$1 until at l5g? !y 9 madness kill$1 )\t reason1 him aga9/ :om !y c\ld f9d no adequate *>ge4 ,8 lack ( le>n+ 7,john vii4 #ae7 0 simply 8 innoc5ce ( rabb9ic tra9+2 he _h no diploma f _! s*ools4 ,9 ke5ness ( argum5t1 h[ev]1 & inv9cibl5ess ( reason+1 z well z 9 ! cle>ness ( 8 insight1 he 0 ev] _! unapproa*able sup]ior4 ,8 reply to ! *>ge ( league ) ,beelzebub is z m]ciless an exposure ( feeble malice z c be f\nd 9 human lit]ature4 ,he 0 z wor?y to be ,ma/] ( 8 disciples' ?9k+ z he 0 to be ,"l ( _! he>ts4 #bda4 ,9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus two topics h ! lead+ place1--! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & ,himself4 ,8 ?\ght ab\t himself calls = sep>ate consid]ation1 b x may be rem>k$ "h t z 8 m9i/ry progress$ he spoke ) increas+ frankness ab\t 8 own claims4 ,x became m & m app>5t t he s\ght to be ,"l r ?an ,tea*] simply1 & to impress m5 ) himself r ?an ) 8 ideas4 ,yet 8 ideas 7 con/antly urg$ on 8 disciples1 & !y 7 summ$ up 9 8 conception ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 or ! k+dom ( heav54 ,?is 0 ! topic1 directly or indirectly1 ( f> ! great] "p ( 8 tea*+4 ,! phrase 0 z famili> to 8 contempor>ies z x is common 9 8 words2 b 8 und]/&+ ( x 0 radically diff]5t f !irs4 ,he & !y took x to mean ! realization on e>? ( heav5ly conditions 7k+dom ( heav571 or ( ,god's actual sov]eignty ov] ! _w 7k+dom ( ,god72 b ( ! ,god ^: w 0 ?us to be realiz$ !y conceiv$ q diff]5tly4 ,/rictly speak+ !re is no?+ novel 9 ! idea ( ,god z ,fa!r :i* ab\nds 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus4 ,he nev] (f]s x z novel1 b takes x = grant$ t 8 he>]s are famili> ) ! "n4 ,x appe>s 9 "s e>li] writ]s bo? 9 & out ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,yet no "o ( !m uses x z con/antly1 z naturally1 & z confid5tly z did ,jesus4 ,) him x 0 ! simple equival5t ( 8 idea ( ,god1 & x 0 c5tral = 8 p]sonal religi\s life z well z = 8 tea*+4 ,my ,fa!r always lies back ( ref]5ces 9 8 tea*+ to y\r ,fa!r4 ,?is is ! key to :at is novel 9 ,jesus' idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,8 contempor>ies ?\ght ( ,god z ! cov5ant k+ ( ,israel :o w\ld 9 8 own "t make good 8 promises1 rid 8 p ( _! foes1 set !m on high among ! nations1 e/abli% 8 law 9 _! he>ts1 & rule ov] !m z _! k+4 ,! :ole conception1 :ile 9 a real s5se religi\s1 0 conc]n$ m ) ! nation ?an ) individuals1 & look$ r = temporal bless+s ?an = spiritual good4 ,) ,jesus ! k+dom is ! realization ( ,god's fa!rly sway ov] ! he>ts ( 8 *ildr54 ,x beg9s :5 m5 come to own ,god z _! ,fa!r1 & seek to d 8 w = ! love !y be> him4 ,x %[s developm5t t[>ds its full manife/ation :5 m5 z *ildr5 ( ,god look on ea* o!r z bro!rs1 & gov]n conduct by love :i* w no m limit itself to fri5ds ?an ,god %uts (f 8 sunlight f s9n]s4 ,f ?is love to ,god & m5 x w gr[ into a new ord] ( ?+s 9 :i* ,god's w %all be done z x is 9 heav51 ev5 z f ! little leav5 ! :ole lump is leav5$4 ,jesus did n set aside ! idea ( a judgm5t1 b :ile 8 fell[s commonly made x ! inauguration1 he made x ! consummation ( ! k+dom2 !y ?\ght ( x z ! day ( confusion = apo/ates & ,g5tiles1 he taught t x w\ld be ! day ( condemnation ( all unbro!rl9ess 7,matt4 xxv4 #ca-df74 ,?is c5tral idea--a new ord] ( life 9 :i* m5 h come to love & obey ,god z _! ,fa!r1 & to love & live = m5 z _! bro!rs--atta*es to itself naturally all ! v>i\s phases ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 includ+ 8 emphasis on himself2 = he made t emphasis 9 ord] t1 z ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,life1 he might lead m5 unto ! ,fa!r4 ,,iii ,jesus' ,k ( ,tru? #bdb4 ,! note ( au?ority 9 ! tea*+ ( ,jesus is evid5ce ( 8 own cle> k ( ! ?+s ( :i* he spoke4 ,z if by swift intuition1 8 m9d p5etrat$ to ! he>t ( ?+s4 ,9 ! scriptures he saw ! und]ly+ tru? :i* %\ld /& till heav5 & e>? %all pass 7,matt4 v4 #ah72 9 ! c]emonies ( 8 p's religion he saw s cle>ly ! spiritual significance t he did n hesitate to sacrifice ! pass+ =m 7,m>k vii4 #ad-bc72 su* a !ological developm5t z ! ph>isaic doctr9e ( ! resurrection he unhesitat+ly adopt$ because he saw t x 0 bas$ on ! ultimate significance ( ! s\l's fell[%ip ) ,god 7,m>k xiii4 #bd-bg72 he r$uc$ religion & e?ics to simplicity by summ+ up all comm&m5ts 9 "o1--,?\ %alt love 7,matt4 xxii4 #cg-dj72 & at ! same "t insi/$ z no o!r prophet _h done on ! f9ality ( conduct & ! necessity ( ob$i5ce 7,matt4 vii4 #ba-bg74 ,8 p5etration to ! he>t ( an idea 0 n[h]e m cle> ?an 9 8 doctr9e ( ! k+dom ( ,god z realiz$ 9 ! filial s\l1 & z involv+ a judgm5t :i* %\ld take cognizance only ( bro!rl9ess ( conduct4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to %[ t all ^! diff]5t aspects ( 8 tea*+ grew naturally out ( 8 k ( ,god z 8 ,fa!r & ! ,fa!r ( all m52 !y 7 ! fruit1 !re=e1 ( p]sonal c]ta9ty ( ultimate & all-dom9at+ tru?4 #bdc4 ,if ! k ( ,jesus _h be5 %[n only 9 matt]s ( spiritual tru?1 x w\ld /ill h m>k$ him z "o ap>t f ord9>y m54 ,!re 7 o!r directions1 h[ev]1 9 :i* he surpass$ ! common m9d4 ,! f\r? gospel decl>es t he knew :at 0 9 man 7ii4 #be71 & all ! evangeli/s give evid5ce ( su* k4 ,n only ! designation ( ,judas z ! traitor1 & ( ,pet] z ! "o :o %\ld d5y him1 be=e _! weakness & s9 _h %[n !mselves1 b also ,jesus' quick read+ ( ! he>t ( ! p>alytic :o 0 br\ght to him = heal+1 & ( ! woman :o wa%$ 8 feet ) h] te>s 7,m>k ii4 #e2 ,luke vii4 #dg71 & 8 k ( ! "* ( ,simon & ,na?anael 7,john i4 #db1 #dg17 z well z 8 sure p]ception ( ! int5t ( ! v>i\s que/ion]s :om he met1 indicate t he _h p[]s ( insight un%>$ by 8 fell[ m54 #bdd4 ,fur!rmore1 ! gospels /ate explicitly t ,jesus pr$ict$ 8 own dea? f a "t at lea/ six mon?s be=e ! end 7,matt4 xvi4 #ba71 & !y indicate t ! idea 0 n new to him :5 he fir/ communicat$ x to 8 disciples 7,matt4 xvi4 #bc2 ,m>k ii4 #bj74 ,he view$ 8 approa*+ dea?1 moreov]1 z a necessity 7,m>k viii4 #ca-cc71 yet he 0 no fatali/ conc]n+ x4 ,he c\ld /ill 9 ,ge?semane plead ) 8 ,fa!r1 to :om all ?+s are possible1 to op5 to him "s o!r way ( accompli%+ 8 "w 7,m>k xiv4 #cf74 ,! old ,te/am5t picture ( ! suff]+ & dy+ s]vant ( ,jehovah 7,isa4 liii47 0 d\btless famili> to ,jesus4 ,al?\gh x 0 n int]pret$ ,messianically by ! scribes1 ,jesus probably appli$ x to himself :5 ?9k+ ( 8 dea?2 yet ! pr$ictions ( ! prophets always provid$ = a non-fulfilm5t 9 case ,israel %\ld turn unto ! ,"l 9 tru? 7see ,ezek4 xxxiii4 #aj-bj74 ,moreov]1 ! contradiction :i* ,jesus felt betwe5 8 ideas & ^? *]i%$ by ! lead]s ( 8 p1 :e!r prie/s or scribes1 0 s radical t 8 dea? might well seem inevitable2 yet x 0 possible t 8 p might rep5t1 & ,j]usalem cons5t to accept him z ,god's ano9t$4 ,nei!r prophecy1 nor ! actual conditions ( 8 life1 !re=e1 w\ld give ,jesus any fatali/ic c]ta9ty ( 8 com+ dea?4 ,9 ,ge?semane 8 he>t plead$ aga9/ x1 :ile 8 w b[$ /ill to ,god 9 p]fect loyalty4 ,x is n = u to expla9 8 pr$iction ( dea? by appeal+ to ! connection :i* ! apo/olic ?\ght e/abli%$ betwe5 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ & ! salvation ( m51 = we are n compet5t to say t ,god c\ld n h effect$ r$emption 9 "s o!r way if ! rep5tance ( ! ,jews _h1 humanly speak+1 remov$ f ,jesus ! necessity ( dea?4 ,all t c be said is t he knew ! prophetic picture1 knew also ! h>dness ( he>t :i* _h tak5 possession ( ! ,jews1 & knew t he mu/ n sw]ve f 8 c\rse ( ob$i5ce to :at he saw to be ,god's w = him4 ,s9ce t ob$i5ce br\ght him into fatal opposition to human prejudice & passion1 he saw t he mu/ die1 & t su* a dea? 0 "o ( ! /eps 9 8 e/abli%m5t ( ,god's k+dom among m54 ,s he w5t on 8 way ready n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/]1 & to give 8 life a ransom = _m 7,m>k x4 #de74 #bde4 ,) 8 pr$iction ( 8 dea? ! gospels usually associate a prophecy ( 8 spe$y resurrection4 ,z has be5 already rem>k$ 7sect4 #baj71 x is be+ g5]ally recogniz$ t if ,jesus believ$ t he 0 ! ,messiah1 he mu/ h associat$ ) ! ?\ght ( dea? t ( victory ov] dea?1 :i* = all ,jewi% m9ds meant a resurrection f ! dead4 ,jesus c]ta9ly taught t 8 dea? 0 "p ( 8 ,messianic "w1 x c\ld n !re=e be 8 end4 ,! pr$iction ( ! resurrection is ! necess>y coroll>y ( 8 expectation ( dea?2 & x may rev]5tly be believ$ t 8 k ( x 0 intimately involv$ ) 8 c]ta9ty t x 0 z ,messiah t he 0 to die4 #bdf4 ,f ! "t :5 he began to tell 8 disciples t he mu/ die1 ,jesus began also to tea* t 8 e>?ly m9i/ry 0 n to f9i% 8 "w1 b t he %\ld return 9 glory f heav5 to realize fully all t 0 involv$ 9 ! idea ( ,god's k+dom4 ,8 pr$ictions resemble 9 =m ! repres5tations f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,daniel & ! ,book ( ,eno*2 & ! und]/&+ ( !m is involv$ 9 difficulties l ^? :i* beset su* apocalyptic writ+s4 ,9 g5]al1 apocalypses 7 writt5 9 times ( great di/ress = ,god's p1 & repres5t$ ! deliv]ance :i* %\ld u%] 9 ,god's k+dom z ne> at h&4 ,"o feature ( !m is a complete lack ( p]spective 9 ! picture ( ! future4 ,x may be t ?is fact w 9 "p acc\nt = "o great p]plexity 9 ! apocalyptic say+s ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! *ief ( ^! 7,m>k xiii4 & p>allels71 pr$ictions ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem are s m+l$ ) promises ( 8 own second com+ & ! end ( all ?+s t _m h s\ght to resolve ! difficulty by sep>at+ ! disc\rse into two diff]5t ones1--"o a %ort ,jewi% apocalypse pr$ict+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man )9 ! life ( t g5]ation2 ! o!r1 ,jesus' own pr$iction ( ! end ( all ?+s1 conc]n+ :i* he w>ns 8 disciples t !y be n deceiv$1 b wat* dilig5tly & pati5tly = ,god's full salvation4 ,! difficulties ( ?is disc\rse z x /&s are s great t any solution :i* acc\nts = all ! facts mu/ be welcom$4 ,s f> z ?is analysis seeks to remove f ! acc\nt ( ,jesus' own words ! ref]5ces to a fulfilm5t ( ! pr$ictions )9 ! life ( t g5]ation1 x is confront$ by o!r say+s ( ,jesus 7,m>k ix4 #a7 & by ! problem ( ! uni=m belief ( ! apo/olic age t he w\ld spe$ily return4 ,t belief mu/ h _h "s gr\nd4 ,:at m natural ?an t words ( ,jesus1 rightly or wrongly und]/ood1 l$ to ! common ,*ri/ian expectation8 ,"s su* analysis may yet e/abli% itself z ! true solution ( ! difficulties2 x may be1 h[ev]1 t 9 adopt+ ! apocalyptic =m ( disc\rse1 ,jesus also adopt$ its lack ( p]spective1 & spoke co9cid5tly ( future ev5ts 9 ! progress ( ! k+dom1 :i*1 9 _! complete realization at lea/1 7 widely sep>at$ 9 "t4 ,9 su* a case x w\ld n be /range if ! disciples look$ = ! fulfilm5t ( all ( ! pr$ictions )9 ! limit assign$ = ! accompli%m5t ( "s ( !m4 #bdg4 ,:atev] ! explanation ( ^! difficulties1 ! gospels cle>ly repres5t ,jesus z pr$ict+ 8 own return 9 glory to e/abli% 8 k+dom1--a cr[n+ evid5ce ( 8 claim to sup]natural k4 ,x is all ! m significant1 !re=e1 t x is 9 connection ) 8 pr$iction ( 8 future com+ t he made ! mo/ def9ite decl>ation ( 8 own ignorance3 ,( t day or t h\r kn[e? no "o1 n ev5 ! angels 9 heav51 nei!r ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r 7,m>k xiii4 #cb74 ,?is confession ( ! limitation ( 8 k is conclusive4 ,yet x is n isolat$4 ,) 8 und\bt$ p[] to read :at 0 9 man1 he 0 n indep5d5t ( ord9>y ways ( le>n+ facts4 ,:5 ! woman 0 heal$ :o t\*$ ! hem ( 8 g>m5t1 ,jesus knew t 8 p[] _h be5 ex]cis$1 b he discov]$ ! object ( 8 heal+ by ask+1 ,:o t\*$ me8 & call+ ! woman out f ! cr[d to ackn[l$ge h] bless+ 7,m>k v4 #cj-cd72 :5 ! c5turion urg$ ,jesus to heal 8 boy )\t tak+ ! tr\ble to come to 8 h\se1 ,jesus m>vell$ at 8 fai? 7,matt4 viii4 #aj72 :5 he came to ,be?any1 assur$ ( 8 ,fa!r's answ] to 8 pray] = ! rais+ ( ,laz>us1 he ask$ z simply z any o!r "o 9 ! company1 ,:]e h ye laid him8 7,john xi4 #cd74 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t 8 k ( approa*+ dea?1 resurrection1 & return 9 glory did n prev5t ! e>ne/ plead+ 9 ,ge?semane1 & x may be t 8 reply to ! ambition ( ,james & ,john1 x is n m9e to give 7,m>k x4 #dj71 is a confession ( ignorance z well z subord9ation to 8 ,fa!r4 #bdh4 ,! sup]natural k ( ,jesus1 s f> z its ex]cise is app>5t 9 ! gospels1 0 conc]n$ ) ! tru?s intimately relat$ to 8 religi\s tea*+ or 8 ,messianic "w4 ,!re is no evid5ce t x occupi$ itself at all ) facts ( nature or ( hi/ory discov]$ by o!rs at a lat] day4 ,:5 he says ( ,god t he make? 8 sun to rise on ! evil & ! good 7,matt4 v4 #de71 !re is no evid5ce t he ?\ght ( ! e>? & its relation to ! sun diff]5tly f 8 contempor>ies2 x is probable t 8 ?\ght anticipat$ ,galileo's discov]y no m ?an d 8 words4 ,mu* ! same may be said ) ref]5ce to ! purely lit]>y or hi/orical que/ions ( ,old ,te/am5t criticism1 n[ s mu* discuss$4 ,if x is prov$ by j int]pretation ( all ! facts t ! ,p5tateu* is only 9 an ideal s5se to be attribut$ to ,moses1 & t _m ( ! psalms inscrib$ ) 8 "n _c h be5 writt5 by ,david1 ! propriety ( ,jesus' ref]5ces to :at ,moses said 7,m>k vii4 #aj71 & ! validity ( 8 argum5t = ! relative unimportance ( ! ,davidic desc5t ( ! ,messiah1 w n suff]4 ,_h ,jesus _h 9 m9d ! ultimate facts conc]n+ ! lit]>y /ructure ( ! ,p5tateu*1 he c\ld n h hop$ to hold ! att5tion ( 8 he>]s ^u ! religi\s tea*+ he 0 seek+ to en=ce1 unless he ref]r$ to ! e>ly books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z writt5 by ,moses4 ,jesus did repeat$ly g back ( ,moses to m primitive orig9s 7,m>k x4 #e1 #f2 ,john vii4 #bb72 yet !re is no likelihood t ! lit]>y "q 0 ev] pres5t 9 8 ?9k+4 ,?is phase ( 8 intellectual life1 l t :i* conc]n$ 8 k ( ! natural univ]se1 0 9 all probability "o ( ! po9ts 9 :i* he 0 made l unto 8 bre?r51 %>+1 z matt] ( c\rse1 _! views on que/ions t 7 indiff]5t = ! spiritual mission he came to fulfil4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 8 argum5t f ! "o hundr$ & t5? ,psalm 7,m>k xii4 #ce-cg7 w\ld simply give evid5ce t he accept$ ! views ( 8 "t conc]n+ ! ,psalm1 & proce$$ to use x to correct o!r views ( 8 "t conc]n+ :at 0 ( mo/ importance 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,messiah4 ,! la/ ( ^! 0 ( vital importance = 8 tea*+2 ! fir/ 0 = ?is tea*+ q z indiff]5t a matt] z ! relations ( ! e>? & ! sun 9 ! sol> sy/em4 #bdi4 ,a m p]plex+ difficulty arises f 8 h&l+ ( ! cases ( s-call$ demoniac possession4 ,he c]ta9ly treat$ ^! invalids z if !y 7 actually "u ! control ( demons3 he rebuk$1 bani%$1 gave comm&s to ! demons1 & 9 ?is way wr\ght 8 cures ^u ! possess$4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ! symptoms %[n 9 ! cases cur$ by ,jesus c be duplicat$ f cases ( hy/]ia1 epilepsy1 or insanity1 :i* h come "u mod]n m$ical exam9ation4 ,?ree que/ions !n arise conc]n+ 8 treatm5t ( ! possess$4 #a4 ,did he unque/ion+ly %>e ! int]pretation :i* 8 contempor>ies put ^u ! symptoms1 & simply br+ relief by 8 miracul\s p[]8 #b4 ,did he "k t ^? :om he heal$ 7 n afflict$ by evil spirits1 & accommodate himself 9 8 cures to _! notions8 #c4 ,does he prove by 8 treatm5t t ! un=tunates actually 7 be+ torm5t$ by diabolical ag5cies1 :i* he bani%$ by 8 ^w8 ,! la/ ( ^! possibilities %\ld n be held to be impossible until mu* m is kn[n ?an we n[ "k ab\t ! my/]i\s ph5om5a ( abnormal psy*ical /ates4 ,if ?is is ! explanation ( ! maladies = ,jesus' day1 h[ev]1 x %\ld be accept$ also z ! explanation ( simil> abnormal symptoms :5 !y appe> 9 our mod]n life1 = ! old hypo!sis ( a special activity ( evil spirits at ! "t ( ! inc>nation is inadequate to acc\nt = ! fact t 9 "s qu>t]s simil> maladies h be5 simil>ly expla9$ f ! e>lie/ times until ! pres5t day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he knew 8 p to be 9 error 9 ascrib+ ^! afflictions to diabolical influ5ce1 he ne$ h felt no call to correct x4 ,if ! disease _h be5 ! direct effect ( su* a delusion1 ,jesus w\ld h enc\rag$ ! error by accommodat+ himself to ! popul> notion4 ,! idea ( possession1 h[ev]1 0 only an attempt to expla9 v real di/ress4 ,jesus desir$ to cure1 n to in=m 8 pati5ts4 ,! notion 9 no way int]f]$ ) 8 turn+ ! ?\ght ( ^? he heal$ t[>ds ,god1 ! c5tre ( help & ( heal?4 ,he is n op51 !re=e1 to ! *>ge ( hav+ fail$ to free m5 f ! ?raldom ( sup]/ition if he accommodat$ himself to _! belief conc]n+ demoniac possession4 ,8 cure1 & 8 infusion ( true ?\ghts ( ,god into ! he>t1 furni%$ an antidote to sup]/ition m efficaci\s ?an any am\nt ( discussion ( ! tru? or fals5ess ( ! curr5t explanation ( ! disease4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we are n ready to conclude t ! action ( ,jesus has demon/rat$ ! validity ( ! anci5t explanation1 we may ackn[l$ge t x w\ld d no viol5ce to 8 p[]1 or dignity1 or integrity1 if x %\ld be held t he did n conc]n himself ) an inquiry into ! cause ( ! disease :i* pres5t$ itself to him = help1 b adopt$ unque/ion+ly ! explanation held by all 8 contempor>ies1 ev5 z he us$ _! language1 dress1 mann] ( life1 & 9 "o p>ticul>1 at lea/1 _! repres5tation ( ! life aft] dea? 7,luke xvi4 #bb--;,abraham's bosom74 ,8 own confession ( ignorance ( a l>ge item ( religi\s k 7,m>k xiii4 #cb7 leaves op5 ! possibility t 9 s m9or a matt] z ! explanation ( a common disease he simply %>$ ! ideas ( 8 "t4 ,9 ?is case1 :5 "o s afflict$ came "u 8 treatm5t1 he appli$ 8 sup]natural p[]1 ev5 z 9 cases ( leprosy or fev]1 & cur$ ! tr\ble1 ne$+ no sci5tific k ( its cause4 ,if accommodation or ignorance l$ ,jesus to treat ^! sick folk z possess$1 x does n *all5ge 8 integrity nor 8 tru/wor?9ess 9 all ! matt]s :i* belong prop]ly to 8 own peculi> "w4 #bej4 ,!re is "o incid5t 9 ! gospels :i* favors ! conclusion t ,jesus def9itely adopt$ ! curr5t idea1--! p]mission grant$ by him to ! demons to g f ! ,gad>5e into ! h]d ( sw9e1 & ! consequ5t dr[n+ ( ! h]d 7,m>k v4 #aa-ac74 ,on any !ory ?is incid5t is full ( difficulty4 ,b]nh>d ,weiss 7,l,xt ,,ii4 #bbf ff47 holds t ,jesus accommodat$ himself to curr5t views1 & t ! man1 hav+ receiv$ = ! possess+ demons p]mission to g into ! sw9e1 0 at once seiz$ by a f9al p>oxysm1 & ru%$ among ! sw9e1 /amp$+ !m s t !y ran d[n ! hillside into ! sea4 #bea4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! view has be5 some:at widely advocat$ t 8 p[] ov] demoniacs 0 to ,jesus himself "o ( ! *ief pro(s ( 8 ,messiah%ip4 ,8 words are quot$3 ,if ,i1 by ! ,_s ( ,god1 ca/ out demons1 !n is ! k+dom ( ,god come ^u y 7,matt4 xii4 #bh72 & ,i beheld ,satan fall+ z lightn+ f heav5 7,luke x4 #ah74 ,! fir/ ( ^! is 9 ! mid/ ( an ad hom9em reply ( ,jesus to ! *>ge t he ow$ 8 p[] to a league ) ! devil 7,matt4 xii4 #bh72 & ! second 0 8 rem>k :5 ! sev5ty report$ ) joy t ! demons 7 subject unto !m 7,luke x4 #ah74 ,! gospels1 h[ev]1 trace 8 c]ta9ty ( 8 ,messiah%ip to q o!r causes1 prim>ily to 8 k ( himself z ,god's *ild1 !n to ! ,voice :i*1 com+ at ! baptism1 summon$ him z ,god's belov$ ,son to d ! "w ( ! ,messiah4 ,?r\gh\t 8 m9i/ry ,jesus exhibits a c]ta9ty ( 8 mission q indep5d5t ( ext]nal evid5ces1--,ev5 if ,i be> witness ( myself1 my witness is true2 = ,i "k :5ce ,i came & :i!r ,i g 7,john viii4 #ad74 ,,iv ,jesus' ,conception ( ,himself #beb4 ,:5 ,jesus call$ =? ! confession ( ,pet] at ,cs>ea ,philippi he br\ght into prom95ce ! "q :i* dur+ ! e>li] /ages ( ! ,galilean m9i/ry he _h /udi\sly kept 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,?is is no indication1 h[ev]1 t he 0 late 9 rea*+ a conclusion = himself conc]n+ 8 relation to ! k+dom :i* he 0 prea*+4 ,f ! "t ( 8 baptism & temptation e manife/ation ( ! inn] facts ( 8 life %[s unhesitat+ confid5ce 9 ! reality ( 8 call & 9 8 und]/&+ ( 8 mission4 ,?is is ! case :e!r ! f\r? gospel or ! fir/ ?ree be appeal$ to = evid5ce4 ,x is g5]ally felt t ! ,gospel ( ,john pres5ts its %>pe/ contra/ to ! synoptic gospels 9 respect ( ! developm5t ( ,jesus' self-disclosures4 ,a c>eful consid]ation ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels1 h[ev]1 %[s t ! diff]5ce is n 9 ,jesus' ?\ght ab\t himself4 #bec4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* impress$ ! p dur+ ! m9i/ry 9 ,galilee 0 ,jesus' assumption ( au?ority1 :e!r 9 tea*+ or 9 action 7,m>k i4 #bg2 ,matt4 vii4 #bh1 #bi74 ,8 me?od ( tea*+ di/+ui%$ him %>ply f ! scribes1 :o 7 con/antly appeal+ to ! op9ion ( ! eld]s to e/abli% ! validity ( _! conclusions4 ,jesus taught ) a simple ,i say unto y4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 he diff]$ n only f ! scribes1 b also f ! prophets1 to :om 9 _m ways he bore s /rong a lik5ess4 ,!y proclaim$ _! messages ) ! sanction ( a ,?us sai? ! ,"l2 he did n hesitate to oppose ! lett] ( scripture z well z ! tradition ( ! eld]s ) 8 unsupport$ ^w 7,matt4 v4 #ch1 #ci2 ,m>k vii4 #a-bc74 ,8 tea*+ reveal$ 8 unhesitat+ c]ta9ty conc]n+ spiritual tru?1 & al?\gh he rev]5c$ deeply ! ,jewi% scriptures1 & knew t 8 "w 0 ! fulfilm5t ( _! promises1 he us$ !m always z "o ^: sup]iority to ,god's e>li] mess5g]s 0 z complete z 8 rev]5ce = !m4 ,he 0 confid5t t :at !y sugge/$ ( tru? he 0 able to decl>e cle>ly2 he us$ !m z a ma/] does 8 tools4 #bed4 ,m /rik+ ?an ,jesus' indep5d5ce 9 8 tea*+ is ! calmness ( 8 self-ass]tion :5 he 0 oppos$ by ph>isaic criticism & ho/ility4 ,he pref]r$ to tea* ! tru? ( ! k+dom1 work+ 8 cures 9 su* a way t m5 %\ld ?9k ab\t ,god's goodness r ?an _! heal]'s significance4 ,yet co9cid5tly ) ?is me?od ( 8 *oice he did n hesitate to reply to ph>isaic opposition ) unqualifi$ self-ass]tion & exalt$ p]sonal claim4 ,ev5 if ! conflicts :i* ,m>k has ga!r$ toge!r at ! op5+ ( 8 gospel 7ii4 #a to iii4 #f7 did n all occur z e>ly z he has plac$ !m1 ! nucleus ( ! gr\p belongs to ! e>ly "t4 ,s9ce ! p greatly rev]5c$ 8 critics1 he felt x unnecess>y to gu>d aga9/ ar\s+ undue en?usiasm by ?is frank av[al ( 8 claims4 ,he consequ5tly ass]t$ 8 au?ority to =give s9s1 8 special mission to ! sick 9 s\l :om ! scribes %unn$ z defil+1 8 "r to modify ! conception ( ,sabba? obs]vance2 ev5 z1 lat]1 he w>n$ 8 critics ( _! fe>ful dang] if !y ascrib$ 8 good de$s to diabolical p[] 7,m>k iii4 #bh-cj71 & z1 aft] ! collapse ( popul>ity1 he rebuk$ !m = mak+ void ! ^w ( ,god by _! tradition 7,m>k vii4 #ac74 ,8 attitude to ! scribes 9 ,galilee f ! beg9n+ discloses z def9ite ,messianic claims z any ascrib$ by ! f\r? gospel to ?is e>ly p]iod4 #bee4 ,^! facts ( ! indep5d5ce ( ,jesus 9 8 tea*+ & 8 self-ass]tion 9 response to criticism confirm ! impression t 8 answ] to ,john ! ,bapti/ 7,matt4 xi4 #b-f7 gives ! key to 8 me?od 9 ,galilee4 ,9 ,john's inquiry ! "q ( ,jesus' p]sonal relation to ! k+dom 0 def9itely ask$4 ,! answ]1 ,bless$ is he :osoev] %all f9d none occasion ( /umbl+ 9 me1 %[$ pla9ly t ,jesus 0 9 no d\bt 9 ! matt]1 al?\gh = ! "t he /ill pref]r$ to let 8 m9i/ry be ! means ( lead+ m5 to =m _! conclusions conc]n+ him4 ,:at he br\ght into prom95ce at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 !re=e1 0 t :i* _h be5 ! famili> subject ( 8 own ?9k+ f ! "t ( 8 baptism4 #bef4 ,9 ! m9i/ry subsequ5t to ! confession ( ,pet] ! self-disclosures ( ,jesus became m frequ5t & cle>4 ,8 pr$ictions ( 8 approa*+ dea? 7 at ! "t ! greate/ difficulty to 8 disciples2 :5 consid]$ 9 _! significance = 8 own life1 h[ev]1 !y prove t 8 conviction ( 8 ,messiah%ip 0 z indep5d5t ( curr5t & inh]it$ ideas z 0 8 tea*+ conc]n+ ! k+dom4 ,:5 he came to see t dea? 0 ! inevitable issue ( 8 "w1 he at once discov]$ 9 x a div9e necessity2 x does n seem to h %ak5 9 ! lea/ 8 c]ta9ty t he 0 ! ,messiah4 ,associat$ ) ?is conception ( 8 dea? is ! conviction :i* appe>s 9 all ! lat] tea*+s1 t 9 reject+ him 8 p 7 pron\nc+ _! own doom4 ,because %e w\ld n accept him z h] deliv]]1 ,j]usalem's h\se 0 left unto h] desolate 7,luke xiii4 #ce74 ,8 s5se ( 8 supreme significance appe>s mo/ cle>ly 9 "s ( ! lat] p>ables1 su* z ,! ,m>riage ( ! ,k+'s ,son 7,matt4 xxii4 #a-ad7 & ,! ,wick$ ,husb&m5 7,matt4 xxi4 #cc-dd71 :i* def9itely connect ! condemnation ( ! *os5 p ) _! rejection ( ,god's ,son4 ,two o!r say+s 9 ! fir/ ?ree gospels express ! p]sonal claim ( ,jesus 9 ! mo/ exalt$ =m1--8 decl>ation on ! return ( ! sev5ty3 ,all ?+s h be5 deliv]$ unto me ( my ,fa!r1 & no man kn[e? :o ! ,son is save ! ,fa!r1 & :o ! ,fa!r is save ! ,son1 & he to :omsoev] ! ,son wille? to reveal him 7,luke x4 #bb2 ,matt4 xi4 #bg72 & 8 confession ( ! limits ( 8 own k3 ,b ( t day & h\r kn[e? no "o1 n ev5 ! angels 9 heav51 nei!r ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r 7,m>k xiii4 #cb74 ,! confession ( ignorance1 by ! position giv5 to ! ,son 9 ! climax :i* d5i$ t any save ! ,fa!r _h a k ( ! "t ( ! end1 is q z extraord9>y z ! claim to sole qualification to reveal ! ,fa!r4 #beg4 ,! simil>ity ( ^! la/ two say+s to ! disc\rses 9 ! f\r? gospel has (t5 be5 rem>k$2 ! lik5ess is p>ticul>ly close betwe5 !m & ! claims ( ,jesus record$ 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,john4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 ! incid5t :i* introduces ! disc\rse 9 t *apt] ,jesus %[s t he pref]r$1 aft] heal+ ! man at ! pool1 to avoid ! att5tion ( ! multitudes1 precisely z 9 ,galilee he s\ght to *eck too great popul> excitem5t by )draw+ f ,cap]naum aft] 8 fir/ m9i/ry !re 7,m>k i4 #ce-ci71 & enjo9+ sil5ce on ! lep] :o _h be5 heal$ by him 7,m>k ii4 #dd74 ,:51 h[ev]1 he f\nd himself oppos$ by ! criticism ( ! ,ph>isees he spoke ) unhesitat+ self-ass]tion & exalt$ p]sonal claim1 ev5 z he did 9 l situations 9 ,galilee4 ,dur+ 8 e>li] m9i/ry 9 ,judea he _h n %[n ?is res]ve4 ,! cleans+ ( ! temple1 al?\gh x 0 no m ?an any prophet sure ( 8 div9e commission w\ld h done1 0 a bold *all5ge to ! p to consid] :o he 0 :o v5tur$ ?us to criticise ! prie/ly adm9i/ration ( ,god's h\se4 ,9 8 subsequ5t deal+s ) ,nicodemus & ! ,sam>itan woman ,jesus manife/$ a l read9ess to draw att5tion to himself4 ,f ! "t ( ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes all f\r ( ! gospels repres5t him z ass]t+ 8 claims1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t 9 ,john x is ! rule r ?an ! exception to f9d say+s simil> to ! two 9 :i* ! self-ass]tion 9 ! o!r gospels rea*es its highe/ expression4 ,al?\gh ! me?od ( ,jesus v>i$ at diff]5t times & 9 diff]5t localities1 yet x is evid5t t he /ood be=e ! p f ! fir/ ) ! consci\sness t he _h ! "r to claim _! allegiance z no "o ( ! prophets :o prec$$ him w\ld h be5 bold to d4 #beh4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 m9i/ry ,jesus us$ ( himself1 or suff]$ o!rs to use ) ref]5ce to him1 _m ( ! titles by :i* 8 p 7 accu/om$ to ref] to ! ,messiah4 ,?us he 0 nam$ ! ,messiah 7,m>k viii4 #bi2 xiv4 #fa2 ,john iv4 #bf72 ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7,m>k xv4 #b2 ,john i4 #di2 xviii4 #cc1 #cf1 #cg72 ! ,son ( ,david 7,m>k x4 #dg1 #dh2 ,matt4 xv4 #bb2 xxi4 #i1 #ae72 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god 7,john vi4 #fi2 comp>e ,m>k i4 #bd72 ! ,prophet 7,john vi4 #ad2 vii4 #dj74 ,x is evid5t t none ( ^! titles 0 common2 !y repres5t1 r1 ! bold v5ture ( m or less intellig5t fai? on ! "p ( m5 :o 7 impress$ by him4 ,!re are two names1 h[ev]1 t are m significant ( ,jesus' ?\ght ab\t himself1--! ,son ( ,god & ! ,son ( ,man4 #bei4 ,! latt] ( ^! titles is unique 9 ! use ,jesus made ( x4 ,except+ ,/eph5's spee* 7,acts vii4 #ef71 x is f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t only 9 ! say+s ( ,jesus1 & its precise significance is /ill a subject ( le>n$ debate4 ,! expression is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z a poetical equival5t = ,man1 usually ) emphasis on human frailty 7,ps4 viii4 #d2 ,num4 xxiii4 #ai2 ,isa4 li4 #ab71 ?\gh sometimes x signifies special dignity 7,ps4 lxxx4 #ag74 ,ezekiel 0 regul>ly address$ 9 8 visions z ,son ( ,man 7,ezek4 ii4 #a & (t52 see also ,dan4 viii4 #ag71 probably 9 contra/ ) ! div9e maje/y4 #bfj4 ,9 "o ( ,daniel's visions 7vii4 #a-ad7 ! _w-k+doms :i* _h oppress$ ,god's p & 7 to be de/roy$ 7 symboliz$ by bea/s t came up out ( ! sea1--a w+$ lion1 a be>1 a f\r-head$ w+$ leop>d1 & a t]rible t5-horn$ bea/2 9 contra/ ) ^! ! k+dom ( ! sa9ts ( ! ,mo/ ,high 0 repres5t$ by "o l unto a son ( man1 :o came ) ! cl\ds ( heav5 7vii4 #ac1 #ad74 ,"h ! language is obvi\sly poetic1 & is us$ to sugge/ ! unapproa*able sup]iority ( ! k+dom ( heav5 to ! k+doms ( ! _w4 ,! expression "o l unto a son ( man is equival5t1 !re=e1 to "o resembl+ mank9d4 ,! vision 9 ,daniel _h great influ5ce ov] ! au?or ( ! s-call$ ,similitudes ( ,eno* 7,book ( ,eno*1 *apt]s xxxvii4 to lxxi474 ,he1 h[ev]1 p]sonifi$ ! "o l unto a son ( man1 & gave ! title ! ,son ( ,man to ! heav5ly man :o w come at ! end ( all ?+s1 seat$ on ,god's ?rone1 to judge ! _w4 ,?is au?or us$ also ! titles ! ,elect ,"o & ! ,righte\s ,"o 7or ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god71 b ! ,son ( ,man is ! preval5t "n = ! ,messiah 9 ^! ,similitudes4 #bfa4 ,! facts ?us /at$ d n acc\nt = ,jesus' use ( ! expression4 ,_m ( 8 say+s und\bt$ly sugge/ a developm5t ( ! ,daniel vision resembl+ t 9 ! ,similitudes4 ,?is does n prove t ,jesus or 8 disciples _h read ^! writ+s1 ?\gh x does sugge/ ! possibility t !y knew !m4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! apocalypses gave =mulat$ expression to ?\ghts t 7 m widely curr5t ?an ^? writ+s ev] came to be4 ,! lik5ess betwe5 ! language ( ,jesus & t f\nd 9 ! ,similitudes may !re=e prove no m ?an t ! ,daniel vision 0 m or less commonly int]pret$ ( a p]sonal ,messiah 9 ,jesus' day4 #bfb4 ,mu* ( ! use ( ! title by ,jesus1 h[ev]1 is completely =eign to ! ideas sugge/$ by ,eno* & ,daniel4 ,besides apocalyptic say+s l ^? 9 ,eno* 7,m>k viii4 #ch & (t571 ! "n occurs 9 pr$ictions ( 8 suff]+s & dea? 7,m>k viii4 #ca & (t571 & 9 claims to extraord9>y if n ess5tially div9e au?ority 7,m>k ii4 #aj1 #bh & p>allels72 x is also us$ sometimes simply z an emphatic ,i 7,matt4 xi4 #ai & (t574 ,:atev] relation ,jesus bore to ! ,eno* writ+s1 !re=e1 ! "n ! ,son ( ,man z he us$ x 0 8 own creation4 #bfc4 ,/ud5ts ( ,aramaic h 9 rec5t ye>s ass]t$ t x 0 n cu/om>y 9 ! dialect :i* ,jesus spoke to make di/9ction betwe5 ! son ( man & man1 s9ce ! expression commonly us$ = man w\ld be lit]ally translat$ son ( man4 ,x is ass]t$1 moreov]1 t if our gospels be read sub/itut+ man = ! ,son ( ,man :]ev] x appe>s1 x w be f\nd t _m suppos$ ,messianic claims become g5]al /atem5ts ( ,jesus' conception ( ! high pr]ogatives ( man1 :ile 9 o!r places ! "n /&s simply z an emphatic sub/itute = ! p]sonal pron\n4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,jesus is f\nd to ass]t t au?ority on e>? to =give s9s belongs to man 7,m>k ii4 #aj71 &1 t[>d ! end ( 8 c\rse1 to h taught simply t he himself mu/ meet ) suff]+ 7,m>k viii4 #ca71 & w come on ! cl\ds to judge ! _w 7,m>k viii4 #ch74 ,! proportion ( cases 9 :i* ! g5]al ref]5ce is possible is1 h[ev]1 v small2 & ev5 if ! equival5ce ( man & son ( man %\ld be e/abli%$1 mo/ ( ! /atem5ts ( ,jesus 9 :i* our gospels use ! latt] expression exhibit a conception ( himself :i* *all5ges att5tion1 transc5d+ t :i* w\ld be tol]at$ 9 any o!r man4 ,! debate conc]n+ ! usage 9 ! language spok5 by ,jesus is n yet clos$1 h[ev]1 & ,dr4 ,gu/af ,dalman 7,,wj ,i4 #aia-aig7 has rec5tly argu$ t ! equival5ce ( ! two expressions holds only 9 poetic passages1 precisely z x does 9 ,hebrew1 & t our gospels repres5t correctly a di/9ction obs]v$ by ,jesus :5 !y report him1 = in/ance1 z say+ 9 "o s5t5ce1 ! ,sabba? 0 made = man 7,m>k ii4 #bg71 & 9 ! next1 ! ,son ( ,man is "l ev5 ( ! ,sabba?4 ,! antec$5t probability is s great t ! dialect ( ,jesus' "t w\ld be capable ( express+ a di/9ction f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & 9 ! ,syriac ( ! second-c5tury v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ,dalman's op9ion c>ries mu* weight4 #bfd4 ,_m ( ^? :o look = a di/9ct significance 9 ! title ! ,son ( ,man1 f9d 9 x a claim by ,jesus to be ! ideal or typical man1 9 :om humanity has f\nd its highe/ expression4 ,x ?us /&s %>ply 9 contra/ ) ! ,son ( ,god1 :i* is held to express 8 claim to div9ity4 ,s und]/ood1 ! titles repres5t tru? e>ly recogniz$ by ! *ur* 9 its ?\ght ab\t its ,"l4 ,yet x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! conception ! ideal man is too ,hell5ic to h be5 at home 9 ! ?\ght ( ^? to :om ,jesus address$ 8 tea*+4 ,if ! phrase sugge/$ any?+ m to 8 he>]s ?an ! human frailty or ! human dignity ( him :o bore x1 x probably _h a ,messianic mean+ l t f\nd 9 ! ,similitudes ( ,eno*4 ,a h9t ( ?is und]/&+ ( ! "n appe>s 9 ! p]plex$ "q report$ 9 ,john 7xii4 #cd73 ,we h he>d out ( ! law t ! ,messiah abide? =ev]2 & h[ saye/ ?\1 ,! ,son ( ,man mu/ be lift$ up8 :o is ?is ,son ( ,man8 ,"h ! difficulty arose because ! p id5tifi$ ! ,son ( ,man ) ! ,messiah1 yet c\ld n conceive h[ su* a ,messiah c\ld die4 ,9 fact1 if ! conception ( ! ,son ( ,man :i* is f\nd 9 ,eno* _h obta9$ any g5]al curr5cy among ! p1 ei!r f t book or indep5d5tly ( x1 x 0 s =eign to ! e>?ly condition & mann] ( life ( ! ,galilean prophet1 t x w\ld n h occurr$ to 8 he>]s to treat 8 use ( ! title z a ,messianic claim until aft] t claim _h be5 publi%$ 9 "s o!r & m def9ite =m4 ,_! ,son ( ,man 0 to come ) ! cl\ds ( heav51 seat$ on ,god's ?rone1 to execute judgm5t on all s9n]s & apo/ates2 ! ,naz>5e fulfill$ none ( ^! conditions4 ,! "n1 z us$ by ,jesus1 0 probably always an enigma to ! p1 at lea/ until he op5ly decl>$ its ,messianic significance 9 8 reply to ! high-prie/'s "q at 8 trial 7,m>k xiv4 #fb71 & gave ! c\ncil ! gr\nd x desir$ = a *>ge ( blasphemy aga9/ him4 #bfe4 ,:at did ?is title signify to ,jesus8 ,8 use ( x alone c furni% answ]1 & 9 ?is ! v>iety is s great t x causes p]plexity4 ,! ,son ( ,man came eat+ & dr9k+ is 8 description ( 8 own life 9 contra/ ) ,john ! ,bapti/ 7,matt4 xi4 #ah1 #ai74 ,! ,son ( ,man ha? n :]e to lay 8 head 0 8 reply to "o ov]-zeal\s foll[] 7,matt4 viii4 #bj74 ,unseemly rivalry among 8 disciples 0 rebuk$ by ! rem9d] t ev5 ! ,son ( ,man came n to be m9i/]$ unto b to m9i/] 7,m>k x4 #db-de74 ,:5 x became ne$ful to prep>e ! disciples = 8 approa*+ dea? he taught !m t ! ,son ( ,man mu/ suff] _m ?+s 444 & be kill$1 & aft] ?ree days rise aga9 7,m>k viii4 #ca74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p>alytic's cure 0 made to demon/rate t ! ,son ( ,man ha? au?ority ^u ! e>? to =give s9s 7,m>k ii4 #aj74 ,simil>ly x is ! ,son ( ,man :o aft] 8 exaltation %all come 9 ! glory ( 8 ,fa!r ) ! holy angels 7,m>k viii4 #ch74 ,9 ^! typical cases ! title expresses ,jesus' consci\sness ( heav5ly au?ority z well z self-sacrific+ m9i/ry1 ( com+ exaltation z well z pres5t l[l9ess2 & ! suff]+ & dea? :i* 7 ! common lot ( o!r sons ( m5 7 appo9t$ = ?is ,son ( ,man by a div9e necessity4 ,! "n is1 !re=e1 m ?an a sub/itute = ! p]sonal pron\n2 x expresses ,jesus' consci\sness ( a mission t set him ap>t f ! re/ ( m54 #bff4 ,we d n "k h[ ,jesus came to adopt ?is title4 ,its association ) ! pr$ictions ( 8 com+ glory %[s t he knew t 9 him ! ,daniel vision 0 to h fulfilm5t4 ,! pr$ictions ( suff]+ & dea?1 h[ev]1 are completely =eign to t apocalyptic conception1 be+ ak9 r1 z ,pr(essor ,*>les has sugge/$1 to ! prophecies ( ! suff]+ s]vant 9 ! ,book ( ,isaiah 7,book ( ,eno*1 p4 #cad-cag74 ,moreov]1 x may n be fanciful to f9d 9 8 claims to heav5ly au?ority a h9t ( ! ?\ght ( ! eigh? ,psalm1 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet 7see ,dalman ,,wj ,i4 #bah74 ,al?\gh ! "n expresses a consci\sness ( dignity1 vic>i\s m9i/ry1 & au?ority1 simil> to ?\ghts f\nd 9 ,daniel1 ,isaiah1 & ! ,psalms1 x 0 n d$uc$ f ^! scriptures by any syn!sis ( div]se ideas4 ,x r indicates t ,jesus 9 8 own nature realiz$ a syn!sis :i* no am\nt ( /udy ( scripture w\ld ev] h sugge/$4 ,he drew 8 conception ( himself f 8 own self-k1 n f 8 ,messianic m$itations4 ,on 8 lips1 !n1 ! ,son ( ,man indicates t he knew himself to be ! ,man :om ,god _h *os5 to be ,"l ov] all 7comp>e ,dalman z above74 ,! l[ly e/ate :i* contradict$ ! ,daniel vision prev5t$ ,jesus' he>]s f recogniz+ 9 ! title a ,messianic claim2 = him1 h[ev]1 x 0 ! expression ( ! v he>t ( 8 ,messianic consci\sness4 #bfg4 ,if ,jesus gave expression to 8 (ficial consci\sness :5 he us$ ! "n ! ,son ( ,man1 ! title ! ,son ( ,god may be said to express 8 m p]sonal ?\ght ab\t himself4 ,x is necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 ! mean+ ( ?is title to ! contempor>ies ( ,jesus & 8 own conception ( x4 ,9 ! popul> ?\ght ! ,son ( ,god 0 ! designation ( t man :om ,god w\ld at l5g? raise up & cr[n ) dignity & p[] = ! deliv]ance ( 8 p4 ,?is mean+ foll[$ f ! ,messianic int]pretation ( ! second ,psalm1 9 :i* ! !ocratic k+ is call$ ,god's son 7,ps4 ii4 #g74 ,9 ano!r psalm1 :i* ,jesus himself quotes 7,john x4 #cd71 magi/rates & judges are call$ sons ( ! ,mo/ ,high 7lxxxii4 #f74 ,ano!r ,old ,te/am5t use ca/s light on ?is1--! designation ( ,israel z ,god's son1 8 fir/born 7,ex4 iv4 #bb2 ,hos4 i4 #aj71 ) :i* may be comp>$ a rem>kable expression 9 ! s-call$ ,psalms ( ,solomon 7xviii4 #d71 ,?y *a/isem5t 0 ^u u t is1 ,israel z ^u a son1 fir/born1 only begott54 ,9 all ^! passages t :i* con/itutes a man ! son ( ,god is ,god's *oice ( him = a special "w1 :ile ,israel collectively be>s ! title to sugge/ ,god's fa!rly love = ! p he _h tak5 = 8 own4 ,! ,messianic title1 !re=e1 describ$ n a metaphysical1 b an (ficial or e?ical1 relation to ,god4 ,x is c]ta9ly 9 ?is s5se t ! high-prie/ ask$ ,jesus ,art ?\ ! ,messiah ! son ( ! ,bless$8 7,m>k xiv4 #fa71 & t ! cr[d ab\t ! cross flung _! taunts at him 7,matt1 xxvii4 #dc71 & ! demoniacs proclaim$ _! k ( him 7,m>k iii4 #aa2 v4 #g74 ,! "n mu/ be int]pret$ 9 ?is s5se also 9 ! confession ( ,na?anael 7,john i4 #di72 moreov]1 x 0 n ! c\pl+ ( ! names ,messiah & son ( ! liv+ ,god 9 ,pet]'s confession t gave x its great significance = ,jesus4 ,9 all ( ^! cases !re is no evid5ce t !re has be5 any advance ov] ! !ocratic significance :i* made ! title ! ,son ( ,god fitt+ = ! man *os5 by ,god = ! fulfilm5t ( 8 promises4 #bfh4 ,! case is diff]5t ) ! "n by :i* ,jesus 0 call$ at 8 baptism 7,m>k i4 #aa74 ,! diff]5ce "h1 h[ev]1 arises n f any?+ 9 ! "n z us$ on ?is occasion1 b f t 9 ,jesus :i* ackn[l$g$ & accept$ ! title4 ,) ,jesus ! consci\sness t ,god 0 8 ,fa!r prec$$ ! k t z 8 ,son he 0 to und]take ! "w ( ! ,messiah4 ,! =ce ( ! call at ! baptism is f\nd 9 ! response :i* 8 own s\l gave to ! ^w ,?\ art my ,son4 ,! nature ( t response is se5 9 8 habitual ref]5ce to ,god z 9 a peculi> s5se 8 ,fa!r4 ,! "n ,fa!r = ,god 0 us$ by him 9 all 8 tea*+1 & !re is no evid5ce t he or any ( 8 he>]s reg>d$ x z a novelty4 ,psalm ciii4 #ac & ,isaiah lxiii4 #af indicate t ! conception 0 natural to ,jewi% ?9k+4 ,! unique feature 9 ,jesus' usage is 8 c>eful di/9ction betwe5 ! g5]al ref]5ces to y\r ,fa!r & 8 con/ant p]sonal allusions to my ,fa!r4 ,witness ! reply to 8 "m 9 ! temple 7,luke ii4 #di72 8 ^w to ,pet]1 ,fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x unto !e1 b my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 7,matt4 xvi4 #ag71 8 solemn w>n+1 ,n e "o t sai? unto me ,"l1 ,"l1 %all ent] into ! k+dom ( heav51 b he t doe? ! w ( my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 7,matt4 vii4 #ba71 & ! promise1 ,e "o :o %all confess me be=e m5 444 him w ,i also confess be=e my ,fa!r 7,matt4 x4 #cb74 ,9 ! f\r? gospel ! same intimate ref]5ce is common3 s1 = example1 ! temple is my ,fa!r's h\se 7ii4 #af71 ! ,sabba? cure is def5d$ because my ,fa!r worke? ev5 until n[ 7v4 #ag71 ! cures are done 9 ,my ,fa!r's "n 7x4 #be71 ,i am ! v9e1 & my ,fa!r is ! husb&man 7xv4 #a74 ,?is mode ( expression discloses a consci\sness ( unique filial relation to ,god :i* is indep5d5t (1 ev5 z x 0 antec$5t to1 ! consci\sness ( (ficial relation4 #bfi4 ,! full "n ! ,son ( ,god 0 seldom appli$ by ,jesus to himself1 ! only record$ in/ances be+ f\nd 9 ! f\r? gospel 7v4 #be2 ix4 #ce82 x4 #cf2 xi4 #d74 ,he frequ5tly acquiesc$ 9 ! use ( ! title by o!rs 9 address+ him 7= example1 ,john i4 #di2 ,matt4 xvi4 #af2 xxvi4 #fc;f42 ,m>k xiv4 #fa;f42 ,luke xxii4 #gj72 b = himself he pref]r$ ! simpl] phrase ! ,son4 ,?is mode ( expression occurs (t5 9 ,john1 & is f\nd also 9 ! two passages1 already notic$1 9 :i* ! o!r gospels give cle>e/ expression to ! extraord9>y self-ass]tion ( ,jesus 7,matt4 xi4 #bg2 ,luke x4 #bb2 & ,m>k xiii4 #cb74 ,9 ! fir/ ( !m 8 claim to be ! only "o :o c adequately reveal ,god is f\nd$ on ! consci\sness t ! relation betwe5 himself & ,god is s intimate t ,god alone adequately kn[s him1 :om m5 7 s ready to set at n\ght1 & he alone kn[s ,god4 ,?is relation1 9 :i* he & ,god /& toge!r 9 contra/ ) all o!r m51 is express$ by ! unqualifi$ names1 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,9 ! second passage ,jesus confess$ ! limitation ( 8 k1 b aga9 9 su* a way z to set himself & ,god 9 contra/ n only ) m51 b also ) ! angels 9 heav54 ,su* ass]tions z ^! indicate t he :o1 kn[+ 8 full humanity1 *ose ! title ! ,son ( ,man to express 8 consci\sness t he _h be5 appo9t$ by ,god to be ! ,messiah1 0 yet aw>e 9 8 inn] he>t t 8 relation to ,god 0 ev5 clos] ?an t 9 :i* he /ood to m54 #bgj4 ,!re is no ^w 9 ,john :i* goes beyond ! two self-decl>ations ( ,jesus :i* cr[n ! record ( ! o!r evangeli/s1 yet 9 ! f\r? gospel ! same claim to unique relation to ,god is m frequ5tly & frankly av[$4 ,! mo/ unqualifi$ ass]tion ( intimacy--,i & ! ,fa!r are "o 7x4 #cj7--/ates :at is cle>ly impli$ ?r\gh\t ! gospel 7s xiv4 #f-aa2 xvi4 #be2 & p>ticul>ly xvii4 #ba1 t !y may be "o1 ev5 z we are "o74 ,x has (t5 be5 said1 & truly1 t ?is claim to unity ) ! ,fa!r1 tak5 by itself1 signifies no m ?an p]fect spiritual & e?ical h>mony ) ,god4 ,yet :5 ! words are consid]$ 9 _! connection1 & m p>ticul>ly :5 ! two supreme self-decl>ations 9 ! synoptic gospels are associat$ ) !m1 !y express a s5se ( relation to ,god s utt]ly unique1 s /rongly contra/+ ! ,fa!r & ! ,son ) all o!rs1 t we _c conceive ( any o!r man1 ev5 ! sa9tlie/1 tak+ l words ^u 8 lips4 #bga4 ,^! titles 9 :i* ,jesus gave expression to 8 (ficial & 8 p]sonal consci\sness pres5t cle>ly ! problem :i* he (f]s to human ?\ght4 ,jesus /&s be=e u 9 ! gospels z a man aw>e ( complete/ k9%ip ) 8 bre?r51 yet consci\s at ! same "t ( /&+ ne>] to ,god ?an he does to m54 #bgb4 ,x is highly significant t ! gospel :i* records mo/ fully ! claim ( ,jesus to be m closely relat$ to ,god ?an he 0 to m51 mo/ fully records also 8 def9ite ackn[l$gm5t ( dep5d5ce on 8 ,fa!r1 & ( t ,fa!r's supremacy ov] him & all o!rs4 ,! ,son c d no?+ ( himself 7,john v4 #ai71 ,i speak n f myself 7xiv4 #aj71 my ,fa!r is great] ?an all 7x4 #bi71 ! ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i 7xiv4 #bh71--^! confessions jo9 ) ! common ref]5ce to ,god z him t s5t me 7v4 #cj & (t57 9 giv+ voice to 8 own _s ( rev]5ce4 ,x appe>s z cle>ly 9 8 habitual submission to 8 ,fa!r's w1--,my meat is to d ! w ( him t s5t me1 & to accompli% 8 "w 7,john iv4 #cd72 ,i am come d[n f heav51 n to d m9e own w1 b ! w ( him t s5t me 7,john vi4 #ch74 ,?is submission rea*$ its fulness 9 ! pray] ( ,ge?semane1 record$ 9 ! e>li] gospels1--,fa!r1 all ?+s are possible unto !e2 remove ?is cup f me3 h[beit n :at ,i w1 b :at ?\ wilt 7,m>k xiv4 #cf74 ,jesus 0 a man ( pray]2 n only 9 ,ge?semane1 b also ?r\gh\t 8 m9i/ry he habitually s\ght 8 ,fa!r 9 t communion 9 :i* ! s\l ( man f9ds its light & /r5g? = life's duty4 ,:5 he 0 baptiz$ 7,luke iii4 #ba71 aft] ! fir/ flu% ( success 9 ,cap]naum 7,m>k i4 #ce71 be=e *oos+ ! twelve 7,luke vi4 #ab71 be=e ! "q at ,cs>ea ,philippi 7,luke ix4 #ah71 at ! transfiguration 7,luke ix4 #bi71 on ! cross 7,luke xxiii4 #df71--;at all ! crises ( 8 life he turn$ to ,god 9 pray]4 ,moreov]1 pray] 0 8 habit1 = x 0 aft] a night ( pray] :i* has no connection ) any crisis report$ = u 7,luke xi4 #a71 t he taught 8 disciples ! ,"l's pray] 9 response to _! reque/s4 ,! pray] beside ! grave ( ,laz>us 7,john xi4 #da1 #db7 sugge/s t 8 miracles 7 (t51 if n always 7comp>e ,m>k ix4 #bi71 prec$$ by def9ite pray] to ,god4 ,8 habit ( pray] 0 ! natural expression ( 8 tru/ 9 ,god4 ,f ! resi/ance to ! temptations 9 ! wild]ness to ! la/ cry1 ,fa!r1 into ?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s1 8 life is an example ( *ildlike fai? 9 ,god4 #bgc4 ,yet ?r\gh\t 8 life ( ob$i5ce & tru/ ,jesus nev] gave "o indication t he felt ! ne$ ( p5it5ce :5 he came be=e ,god4 ,he p]ceiv$ z no "o else has ev] done ! se>*+ inw>dness ( ,god's law1 & dem&$ ( m5 t !y tol]ate no l[] ambition ?an to be l ,god1 yet he nev] brea!d a sigh ( consci\s failure1 or gave sign t he blu%$ :5 ! et]nal light %one into 8 own s\l4 ,he 0 baptiz$1 b )\t confession ( s94 ,he *all5g$ 8 enemies to convict him ( s9 7,john viii4 #df74 ,su* a *all5ge might h re/$ on a man's c]ta9ty t 8 critics did n "k 8 inn] life2 b hypocrisy has no place 9 ! "* ( ,jesus4 ,! reply to ! ri* "y rul]1 ,:y calle/ ?\ me good8 7,m>k x4 #ah71 ev5 if x 0 a confession t fre$om f pa/ s9 0 /ill f> less ?an t absolute goodness t ,god alone possesses1 simply sets 9 /rong] light 8 sil5ce conc]n+ p]sonal failure1 & 8 omission 9 all 8 pray+ to seek =giv5ess4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t t reply deals n ) ! good z ! e?ically p]fect1 b z ! supremely b5efic5t1 s t ,jesus simply rem9d$ ! seek] aft] life t ,god alone is ! "o to be approa*$ z ! ,graci\s & ,m]ciful ,"o by s9ful m5 7see ,dalman ,,wj ,i4 #bgg74 ,?us ! reply becomes a fre% expression ( ! rev]5ce ( ,jesus1 & /ill fur!r emphasizes 8 failure to confess 8 s9fulness4 #bgd4 ,9 all ?is ?\ght ab\t himself ,jesus /&s be=e u z a man1 consci\s ( 8 close k9%ip ) 8 fell[s4 ,l !m he hung]$ & ?ir/$ & grew we>y1 l !m he long$ = fri5d%ip & = sympa?y1 l !m he tru/$ ,god & pray$ to ,god & le>n$ /ill to tru/ :5 8 reque/ 0 d5i$4 ,he /&s be=e u also z a man consci\s ( be+ ano9t$ by ,god = ! great "w :i* all ! prophets _h =etold1 & ( be+ fully equipp$ ) au?ority & p[] & ! promise ( unapproa*able dignity4 ,( deep religi\s _s & great rev]5ce = ! scriptures ( 8 p1 he yet us$ ^! scriptures z a ma/] does 8 tools1 to s]ve 8 "w r ?an to in/ruct him 9 x4 ,he drew 8 k f )9 & f above1 & proclaim$ 8 own fulfilm5t ( ! scriptures :5 he fill$ !m ) new mean+4 ,a man always dev\t1 always at pray]1 he is nev] se51 l ,isaiah1 pro/rate be=e ! ,mo/ ,high1 cry+1 ,i am undone 7,isa4 vi4 #e74 ,9 8 mom5ts ( greate/ s]i\sness & mo/ manife/ communion ) heav5 he look$ to ,god z 8 ne>e/ ( k91 & felt himself a /rang] on ! e>? fulfill+ 8 ,fa!r's w4 ,he felt heav5 to be 8 home n simply by ,god's graci\s promise1 b by ! "r ( previ\s possession4 ,8 k9%ip ) m5 0 a condesc5sion1 8 natural fell[%ip 0 ) ,god4 #bge4 ,! miracles ) :i* ! gospels h fill$ ! record ( ,jesus' life h caus$ p]plexity to _m1 & !y belong ) o!r my/]i\s ?+s record$ = u 9 ! /ory ( ! pa/ or occurr+ "u ! incr$ul\s obs]vation ( our sci5tific g5]ation4 ,!y all pale1 h[ev]1 be=e ! unacc\ntable exception pres5t$ to univ]sal human exp]i5ce by ?is ,man ( ,naz>e?4 ,x confronts u :5 we ?9k ( ! uns*ool$ ,jew :o1 9 8 ?\ght ( ,god1 rose n only above all ( 8 g5]ation1 b high] ?an all :o _h gone be=e him1 or h come aft]1 "o :o built on ! f\ndation ( ! pa/ a sup]/ructure ( religion new1 & simple1 & cle>ly heav5ly4 ,x confronts u :5 we ?9k ( ?is ,man :o believ$ t x 0 giv5 to him to e/abli% ! k+dom t %\ld fill ! :ole e>?1 & :o _h ! boldness & ! fai? to ignore ! opposition ( all ! _w's wisdom & ( all its en?ron$ p[]1 & to fulfil 8 task z ! woman does :o hides h] leav5 9 ! meal1 cont5t to wait = ye>s1 or mill5niums1 until 8 tru? %all conqu] 9 ! realization ( ,god's w on e>? ev5 z x is done 9 heav54 ,x confronts u :5 we consid] t ! ,man :o has %[n 8 bre?r5 :at ob$i5ce means1 :o has taught !m to pray1 :o has be5 = all ^! c5turies ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 ! ,life1 by :om !y come to ,god1 habitually claim$ )\t %ad[ ( aba%m5t or slighte/ h9t ( consci\s presumption1 a nature1 a relation to ,god1 a fre$om f s91 t o!r m5 accord+ to ! measure ( _! godl9ess w\ld %un z blasphemy4 ,if ! p]sonal claim 0 true1 & n ! bl9d pret5ce ( vanity1 ! ,jesus ( ! gospels is ! exception to ! uni=m fact ( human nature1 b he is no long] unacc\ntable2 & if 8 claim 0 true1 8 k ( ! absolute religion1 & 8 *oice ( ! irresi/ible propag&a1 are no less extraord9>y1 b !y are n unacc\ntable4 ,paul1 ^: life 0 trans=m$ & 8 ?9k+ revolutioniz$ by 8 meet+ ) ! ris5 ,jesus1 ?\ght on ^! ?+s & believ$ t ! "n :i*1 is above e "n 0 8 by "r ( nature z well z by ! rew>d ( ob$i5ce 7,phil4 ii4 #e-aa74 ,john1 :o lean$ on ,jesus' brea/ dur+ 8 e>?ly life1 & :o m$itat$ on ! mean+ ( t life ?r\gh a m9i/ry ( _m decades1 came to believe t he :om he _h se5 ) 8 eyes1 he>d ) 8 e>s1 h&l$ ) 8 h&s1 01 inde$1 ! ,^w made fle% 7,john i4 #ad71 ?r\gh :om ! v ,god reveal$ 8 love to m54 ,?r\gh all ! p]plexities ( d\bt1 amid/ all ! obscur+s ( irrelevant speculations1 ! he>ts ( m5 to-day turn to ?is ,jesus ( ,naz>e? z _! supreme revelation ( ,god1 & f9d 9 him ! ,ma/] ( _! ?9k+ & ! ,"l ( _! lives4 ,"l1 to :om %all we g8 ,?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life4 ,& we h believ$ & "k t ?\ art ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god4 ,app5dix ,books ( ,ref]5ce on ! ,life ( ,jesus #a4 ,a concise acc\nt ( ! volum9\s lit]ature on ?is subject maybe f\nd at ! close ( ! article ,,jesus ,,*ri/ by ,zockl] 9 ,s*aff-,h]zog1 ,encyclop$ia ( ,religi\s ,k4 ,( ! e>li] ( ! mod]n works x is well to m5tion ,david ,fri$ri* ,/rauss1 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu 7#b vols4 #ahce71 9 :i* he s\ght to r$uce all ! gospel miracles to my?s4 ,augu/ ,ne&]1 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu ,*ri/i1 #ahcg1 wrote 9 opposition to ! attitude tak5 by ,/rauss4 ,bo? ( ^! works h be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,ern/ ,r5an1 ,vie de ,jsus 7#ahfc1 #af? ed4 #ahgi71 translat$1 ,! ,life ( ,jesus 7#ahfc71 is a *>m+1 ?\gh (t5 sup]ficial & patroniz+1 pres5tation ( ! subject4 ,= vivid ^w pictures ( sc5es 9 ! life ( ,jesus 8 book is unsurpass$4 ,r5an's inability to appreciate ! m s]i\s aspects ( ! "w ( ,*ri/ appe>s con/antly1 :ile 8 ef=t to discov] romance 9 ! life ( ,jesus is (f5sive4 ,m important ?an any ( ^! is ,!odor ,keim1 ,ges*i*te ,jesu von ,naz>a 7#ahfg-gb1 #c vols471 translat$1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ( ,naz>a 7#ahgf-ha1 #f vols474 ,! au?or rejects ! f\r? gospel & holds t ,mat!w is ! mo/ primitive ( ! synoptic gospels2 he does n reject ! sup]natural z su*1 b r$uces x z mu* z possible by recogniz+ a leg5d>y elem5t 9 ! gospels4 ,:5 ! "w is read ) ^! peculi>ities 9 m9d1 x is "o ( ! mo/ /imulat+ & spiritually illum9at+ treatm5ts ( ! subject4 #b4 ,critically m tru/wor?y1 & exegetically v valuable1 is ,b]nh>d ,weiss1 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu 7#c;d ed4 #ahhi1 #b vols471 translat$ f ! fir/ ed41 ,! ,life ( ,*ri/ 7#ahhc1 #c vols474 ,x is m helpful = correct und]/&+ ( details ?an = a complete view ( ! ,life ( ,jesus4 ,rivall+ ,weiss 9 _m ways1 yet nei!r s exact nor s tru/wor?y1 ?\gh m int]e/+1 is ,willibald ,beys*lag1 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu 7#c;d ed4 #ahic1 #b vols474 ,! mo/ important discussion 9 ,engli% is ,alfr$ ,ed]%eim1 ,! ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah 7#ahhc & lat] editions1 #b vols474 ,?is is valuable = its illu/ration ( conditions 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! "t ( ,jesus by quotations f ! rabb9ic lit]ature4 ,! mat]ial us$ is enorm\s1 b is n always treat$ ) due criticism1 & ! book %\ld be read ) ! fact 9 m9d t mo/ ( ! rabb9ic writ+s date f sev]al c5turies aft] ,*ri/4 ,s*r] 7see bel[7 %\ld be us$ :]ev] possible z a c\nt]-balance4 ,dr4 ,ed]%eim foll[s ! gospel /ory 9 detail2 8 book is1 !re=e1 a comm5t>y z well z a biography4 #c4 ,alb]t ,rville1 ,jesus de ,naz>e? 7#ahig1 #b vols471 aims to br+ ! "w ( ,r5an up to date1 & to supply "s ( ! lacks :i* are felt 9 ! e>li] treatise4 ,! book is pret5ti\s & le>n$4 ,9 "s p>ts1 z 9 ! treatm5t ( ! y\? ( ,jesus1 & ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt1 x is helpfully sugge/ive4 ,! ,jesus :om ! au?or admires1 h[ev]1 is ! ,jesus ( ,galilee4 ,! j\rney to ,j]usalem 0 a sad mi/ake1 & ! assumption ( ! ,messianic rle a fall f ! high ideal ma9ta9$ 9 ! tea*+ 9 ,galilee4 ,9 criticism ,m4 ,rville accepts ! two docum5t synoptic !ory1 & assigns ! f\r? gospel to ab\t #adj ,a4,d4 ,he rejects ! sup]natural1 expla9+ _m ( ! miracles z leg5d>y embelli%m5ts ( actual ev5ts4 #d4 ,! mo/ important treatm5t ( ! subject is ! article ,,jesus ,,*ri/ by ,william ,s&ay 9 ! ,ha/+s ,bible ,diction>y 7#ahii74 ,x is ( ! highe/ value1 discuss+ ! subject topically ) great cle>ness & ) a r>e comb9ation ( le>n+ & common s5se4 ,s4 ,t4 ,&rews1 ,! ,life ( ,our ,"l 7#b;d ed4 #ahib71 is a ?or\gh & v useful /udy ( ! gospels1 consid]+ m9utely all que/ions ( *ronology1 h>mony1 & geography4 ,x pres5ts ! diff]5t views ) fairness1 & (f]s cons]vative conclusions4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gilb]t1 ,! ,/ud5t's ,life ( ,jesus 7#ahif71 is complete 9 plan & c>eful 9 treatm5t1 :ile be+ v concise4 ,dr4 ,gilb]t faces ! problems ( ! subject frankly1 & 8 treatm5t is s*ol>ly & rev]5t4 ,james ,/alk]1 ,! ,life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7#ahhj71 is a %ort "w ^: value lies 9 ! good conception :i* x gives ( ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus view$ z a :ole4 ,9 simplicity1 insight1 & cle>ness ! book is a classic1 ?\gh n[ some:at out ( date4 ,/udies 9 ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 by ,a4,m4 ,fairbairn 7#ahhb71 is ( great value = ! topics consid]$4 ,! title indicates t ! treatm5t is fragm5t>y4 ,! long treatises ( ,f>r> 7#ahge1 #b vols47 & ,geikie 7#ahgg1 #b vols47 are useful z comm5t>ies on ! words & works ( ,jesus4 ,f>r> (t5 int]prets mo/ helpfully ! ess5ce ( an incid5t1 & ,geikie furni%es a mass ( illu/rative mat]ial f rabb9ic s\rces1 ?\gh ) less criticism ?an ev5 ,ed]%eim has us$4 ,nei!r ( ^! works1 h[ev]1 deals ) ! fundam5tal problems ( ! composition ( ! gospels1 nor are !y satisfactory on o!r p]plex+ que/ions1 = example1 ! miracul\s bir?4 #e4 ,! mo/ important accessory = ! /udy ( ! life ( ,jesus is ,emil ,s*r]1 ,ges*i*te des ,jdis*5 ,volkes im ,zeitalt] ,jesu ,*ri/i 7#b;d ed4 #ahhf1 #ahij1 #b vols4 ,a #c;d ed4 ( #b;d "p 9 #b vols41 #ahih71 translat$1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,p 9 ! ,"t ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7#ahhe-f1 #e vols474 ,! political hi/ory ( ! ,jews f #age ,b4,c4 to #ace ,a4,d41 & ! intellectual & religi\s life ( ! times 9 :i* ,jesus liv$1 ) ! ,jewi% lit]ature ( ,pale/9e & ! disp]sion1 are all treat$ ) ?or\ghness & ma/]ful le>n+4 ,w4 ,bald5sp]g]1 ,das ,selb/bewus/se9 ,jesu im ,li*te d] messianis*5 ,h(fnung5 se9] ,zeit 7#b;d ed4 #ahib71 furni%es 9 ! fir/ "p a survey ( ! ,messianic hopes ( ! ,jews :i* is 9 _m respects ! mo/ satisfactory acc\nt t is accessible4 ,! second "p discusses ! problem ( ,jesus' conception ( himself 9 a rev]5t & le>n$ way4 ,george ,adam ,smi?1 ,! ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,holy ,l& 7#ahid71 is indisp5sable = ! /udy ( ! physical features ( ! l& z !y be> on its hi/ory1 & on ! "w ( ,jesus4 ,! maps are ! be/ t h yet appe>$4 #f4 ,discussions ( ! ,tea*+ ( ,jesus 9 works on ,biblical ,!ology h mu* t is important = ! /udy ( ,jesus' life4 ,! mo/ significant is ,h4 ,h4 ,w5dt1 ,die ,lehre ,jesu 7#ahhf1 #b vols474 ,! second volume has be5 translat$ ,! ,tea*+ ( ,jesus 7#ahib1 #b vols472 ! fir/ volume ( ! orig9al "w is an elaborate discussion ( ! s\rces1 & has n be5 done into ,engli%4 ,ref]5ce may be made especially to ,h4 ,j4 ,holtzmann1 ,lehrbu* d] ,neute/am5tli*5 ,!ologie 7#ahig1 #b vols471 & also to ,g4 ,h4 ,gilb]t1 ,! ,revelation ( ,jesus 7#ahii74 ,gu/af ,dalman1 ,die ,worte ,jesu 7#ahih71 ( :i* ! fir/ volume only has appe>$1 is a /udy ( ! mean+ ( ! mo/ significant expressions us$ 9 ! gospel records ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 made ) ! aid ( ?or\gh k ( ,aramaic usage & ( ! language ( po/-canonical ,jewi% lit]ature4 #g4 ,a good synopsis or ,h>mony ( ! gospels is mo/ useful4 ,! be/ ,h>mony is t ( ,/ev5s & ,burton 7#ahid71 :i* exhibits ! div]g5cies ( ! p>allel acc\nts 9 ! gospels z fai?fully z ! agreem5ts4 ,a good synopsis ( ! ,greek text ( ! fir/ ?ree gospels is ,huck1 ,synapse 7#ahib74 ,rob9son's ,greek ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 edit$ by ,m4 ,b4 ,biddle1 us+ ,tis*5dorf's text1 has also valuable notes discuss+ que/ions ( h>mony4 ,abbreviations ,and,l,o,l ,&rews1 ,! ,life ( ,our ,"l1 #b;d ed41 #ahib4 ,bald,s,j ,bald5sp]g]1 ,das ,selb/bewus/se9 ,jesu1 #b;d ed41 #ahib4 ,beys,l,j ,beys*lag1 ,das ,leb5 ,jesu1 #c;d ed41 #b vols41 #ahic4 ,bovon,n,t,th ,bovon1 ,?ologie du ,n\veau ,te/am5t1 #ahib4 ,dalman,w,j ,dalman1 ,die ,worte ,jesu1 ,i41 #ahih4 ,eders,l,j,m ,ed]%eim1 ,! ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah1 #b vols41 #ahhc4 ,fairb,s,l,x ,fairbairn1 ,/udies 9 ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 #ahhb4 ,gilbert,l,j ,gilb]t1 ,! ,/ud5t's ,life ( ,jesus1 #ahif4 ,gilbert,r,j ,gilb]t1 ,! ,revelation ( ,jesus1 #ahii4 ,holtz,nt,th ,holtzmann1 ,neute/am5tli*e ,!ologie1 #b vols41 #ahig4 ,keim,j,n ,keim1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ( ,naz>a1 #f vols41 #ahgf-ha4 ,rville,j,n ,rville1 ,jsus de ,naz>e?1 #b vols41 #ahig4 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,s&ay1 ! article ,,jesus ,,*ri/ 9 ! ,ha/+s ,bible ,diction>y1 #ahii4 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,s*r]1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,p 9 ! ,"t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 #ahhe-hf4 ,division ,i4 vols4 i4 & ii42 ,division ,,ii4 vols4 i41 ii41 & iii4 ,smith,h,g,h,l ,smi?1 ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,holy ,l&1 #ahid4 ,,sb ,/ev5s & ,burton1 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 #ahid4 ,weiss,l,x ,weiss1 ,! ,life ( ,*ri/1 #c vols41 #ahhc4 ,wendt,l,j ,w5dt1 ,die ,lehre ,jesu1 #b vols41 #ahhf4 ,wendt,t,j ,w5dt1 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,jesus1 #b vols41 #ahib4 ,en,bib ,encyclop$ia ,biblica1 #ahii4 ,hast,b,d ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 #ahih4 ,,sbd#b ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 revision ( ! fir/ volume ( ! orig9al ,engli% edition1 #ahic4 ,ref]5ces ,"p ,i4--,prep>atory ,i ,! ,hi/orical ,situation #h4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fjd-fji4 ,on ! ,l&1 its physical *>act]i/ics1 its political divisions1 its climate1 its roads1 & its v>y+ civilization1 ,smith,h,g,h,l is unsurpass$4 ,its id5tifications ( disput$ localities are cautions4 ,rob9son1 ,biblical ,rese>*es 9 ,pale/9e1 & ,?omson1 ,! ,l& & ! ,book1 give full] detail conc]n+ p>ticul> localities1 b no su* g5]al view z ,smi?4 #i4 ,on ,political conditions1 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,i4 i4 & ii4 is ! fulle/ & mo/ tru/wor?y treatise4 ,m concise essays are ,osc> ,holtzmann1 ,nt4 ,zeitges*i*te 7#ahie71 #eg-aah2 ,s4 ,ma!ws1 ,hi/ory ( ,,nt ,times 9 ,pale/9e 7#ahii71 #a-aeh2 ,riggs1 ,maccabean & ,roman ,p]iods ( ,jewi% ,hi/ory 7#aijj71 especially #bjf-bcd1 #beg-bfg1 #bgf-bhb4 ,on ! ,religi\s ,life & ,p>ties 9 ,pale/9e1 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 i4 & ii42 ,o4 ,holtzmann1 ,nt,zeitg1 #acf-agg2 ,ma!ws1 ,,nt ,times1 see index2 ,riggs1 ,mac4 & ,rom4 ,p]iods1 #bce-bef2 ,muirhead1 ,! ,times ( ,*ri/ 7#ahih71 #fi-aej4 ,9 addition ,wellhaus51 ,die ,ph>isder und die ,sadducer 7#ahgd72 on ! ,ess5es1 ,conybe>e 9 ,hast,b,d ,i4 #gfg-ggb1 also ,lightfoot1 ,colossians1 #hj-ih1 #cdg-dai2 ,wellhaus51 ,isr4 u4 jd4 ,ges*i*te#c 7#ahig71 #beh-bfb2 on ! ,sam>itans1 ,a4 ,c[ley1 9 ,expos4 ,v4 i4 #afa-agd2 ,jew4 ,qu>4 ,rev4 ,,viii4 7#ahif7 #efb-ege4 #aj4 ,on ! ,messianic hope1 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 ii4 #abf-ahg2 ,bald,s,j #c-abb2 ,muirhead1 ,times ( ,xt41 #aab-aej2 ,briggs1 ,messiah ( ! ,gospels 7#ahid71 #a-dj2 ,wendt,t,j ,i4 #cc-hd2 ,ma!ws1 ,,nt ,times1 #aei-afi2 ,riggs1 ,mac4 & ,rom4 ,p]iods1 #bea-bef4 #aa4 ,on ! language ( ,pale/9e see ,arnold ,mey]1 ,jesu ,mutt]spra*e 7#ahif72 ,dalman,w,j ,i4 #a-eg2 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 i4 #h-aj1 #dg-ea2 ,neubau]1 ,/udia ,biblica1 ,i4 #ci-gd4 #ab4 ,on ,jewi% lit]ature dat+ ne> ! times ( ,jesus see ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 iii42 ,bald,s,j4 #c-abb2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #ca-ci2 ,deane1 ,pseudepigrapha 7#ahia72 ,?omson1 ,books :i* influ5c$ our ,"l1 etc4 7#ahia72 & special editions1 su* z ,alex&re1 ,sibyll9e ,oracles 7#ahfi72 ,deane1 ,! ,wisdom ( ,solomon 7#ahha72 ,*>les1 ,! ,book ( ,eno* 7#ahic71 ,! ,apocalypse ( ,b>u* 7#ahif71 ,! ,assumption ( ,moses 7#ahig71 & ,! ,book ( ,jubilees 7#ahie72 ,*>les & ,morfill1 ,! ,secrets ( ,eno* 7#ahif72 ,ryle & ,james1 ,! ,psalms ( ! ,ph>isees ,psalms ( ,solomon 7#ahia72 ,b5sly & ,james1 ,f\r? ,esdras 7#ahie72 ,*>les1 ,en,bib ,i4 #bac-bej2 ,hast,b,d ,i4 #aji;f42 ,port]1 ,hast,b,d ,i4 #aaj-abc2 ,james1 ,en,bib ,i4 #bdi-bfa4 ,,ii ,! ,s\rces #ac4 ,on ! s\rces outside ! gospels see ,an?ony1 ,introduction to ! ,life ( ,jesus1 #ai-ajh2 ,keim,j,n ,i4 #ab-ei2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #ei-gb2 ,gilbert,l,j #gd-gh2 ,kn[l+1 ,witness ( ! ,epi/les2 ,/ev5s1 ,paul9e ,!ol4 #bjd-bjh2 ,sabati]1 ,apo/le ,paul1 #gf-he4 ,on ,josephus z a s\rce see also ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,i4 ii4 #adc-adi2 ,rville,j,n ,i4 #bgb-bhj4 ,on ! individual gospels see ,burton1 ,! ,purpose & ,plan ( ! ,f\r ,gospels 7,univ4 ,*ic4 ,press1 #aijj72 ,bruce1 ,) ,op5 ,face1 #a-fa2 ,weiss1 ,introduction to ,n4,t41 ,,ii4 #bci-chf2 ,jli*]1 ,e9leitung i4 d4 ,,nt1 #ahi-bjg4 ,on ,mat!w1 ,burton ,bib4 ,wld4 ,i4 #ahih1 #cg-dd1 #ia-aja2 on ,m>k1 ,swete1 ,comm4 on ,m>k1 ix-lxxxix2 on ,luke1 ,plumm]1 ,comm4 on ,luke1 xi-lxx2 ,ma!ws1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahie1 ,i4 #ccf-cdb1 #ddh-dee2 on ,john1 ,burton1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahii1 ,i4 #af-da1 #ajb-aje2 ,we/cott1 ,comm4 on ,john1 v-lxxvii2 ,rhees 9 ,abbott's ,! ,bible z ,lit]ature1 #bha-big4 ,on ! synoptic "q see ,s&ay ,,sbd#b1 #abag-abdc1 & ,expositor1 ,feb4-,june1 #ahia2 ,woods1 ,/udia ,biblica1 ,,ii4 #ei-ajd2 ,salmon1 ,introduction#g1 #ii-aea1 #egj-eha2 ,/anton 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #bcd-bdc2 ,jli*]1 ,e9l4 #bjg-bbg4 ,a4 ,wright1 ,composition ( ! ,f\r ,gospels 7#ahij7 & ,"s ,,nt ,problems 7#ahih71 def5ds ! oral tradition !ory 9 a modifi$ =m4 ,on possible dislocations 9 ,john see ,spitta1 ,ur*ri/5tum1 ,i4 #aeg-bjd2 ,bacon1 ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahid1 #fd-gf2 ,burton1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahii1 ,i4 #bg-ce4 ,= ! hi/ory ( op9ion see specially ,h4 ,j4 ,holtzmann1 ,e9l4#c #cdj-cge4 ,on ! ,johann9e "q see ,s&ay1 ,expositor1 ,nov4 #ahia-,may #ahib2 ,s*r]1 ,cont4 ,rev4 ,sept4 #ahia2 ,watk9s ,,sbd#b #agci-agfd2 ,burton1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahii1 ,i4 #af-da2 ,reynolds 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fid-gbb2 ,zahn1 ,e9l4 ,,ii4 #dde-efd 7def5ds ,johann9e au?or%ip72 ,jli*]1 ,e9l4 #bch-bej 7rejects ,johann9e au?or%ip74 ,= ! hi/ory ( op9ion see ,watk9s1 ,bampton ,lecture = #ahij2 ,holtzmann1 ,e9l4#c #dcc-dch4 ,p4 ,ewald1 ,hauptproblem d] evang4 ,frage1 argues ! au!nticity ( ! f\r? gospel f ! "o-sid$ness ( ! synoptic /ory4 ,see also ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahih1 ,i4 #hg-ajb4 #ad4 ,rville proposes to recon/ruct ,jos4 ,ant4 xviii4 #c4 #c ?us3 ',at t "t appe>$ ,jesus1 a wise man1 :o did a/oni%+ ?+s4 ,t is :y a good numb] ( ,jews & also ( ,greeks atta*$ !mselves to him4' ,!n foll[s "s phrase probably signify+ t ^! adh]5ts _h committ$ ! error ( proclaim+ him ,*ri/1 & !n 'd5\nc$ by ! lead+ m5 ( ! nation1 ?is ,jesus 0 condemn$ by ,pilate to die on ! cross4 ,b ^? :o _h lov$ him be=e p]sev]$ 9 _! s5tim5t1 & /ill to-day !re exi/s a class ( p :o take f him _! "n ,*ri/ians4' #ae4 ,on ! te/imony ( ,papias 7,euseb4 ,*4 ,hi/4 iii4 #ci4 #d7 see ,lightfoot1 ,cont4 ,rev4 #ahge1 ,,ii4 #cgi ff41 & ,mc,giffert's notes 9 8 ,eusebius1 #agj ff4 #af4 ,= a collection ( probably g5u9e ,agrapha see ,ropes1 ,die ,spru*e ,jesu1 #aed-afa1 & ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,!ol4 #ahig1 #geh-ggf2 ,res*1 ,agrapha1 gives a mu* long] li/4 ,he is criticis$ by ,ropes4 ,on lo/ & uncanonical gospels see ,salmon1 ,intr4#g #agc-aij1 #ehj-eia2 ,krug]1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1 #ej-eg4 ,= ! rec5tly discov]$ ,gospel ( ,pet] see ,swete1 ,! ,gospel ( ,pet]2 & on ! s-call$ ,say+s ( ,jesus f\nd 9 ,egypt 9 #ahif see ,h>nack1 ,expositor1 ,v4 vi4 #cba-cdj1 #dja-daf1 & essay by ,s&ay & ,lock4 ,apocryphal ,gospels are mo/ conv5i5tly f\nd 9 ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs1 ,,viii4 #cfa-dgf4 ,,iii ,! ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels #ag4 ,! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian is translat$ ) notes by ,hill1 ,! ,e>lie/ ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,see also ,ante-nic4 ,fa!rs1 ,,ix4 #ce-ach4 #ah4 ,= ! extreme position conc]n+ ,d\blets see ,holtzmann1 ,h&-comm5t> zum ,,nt ,i4 passim4 ,e4 ,haupt1 ,/udi5 u4 ,kritik51 #ahhd1 #be1 rem>ks t ,jesus mu/ (t5 h repeat$ 8 tea*+ 9 ess5tially ! same =m4 ,,iv ,*ronology #ai4 ,= data & discussion ( ! v>i\s problems see ,wiesel]1 ,*ronological ,synopsis2 ,lew91 ,fa/i ,sacra2 ,keim,j,n ,,ii4 #cgi-djb2 ,and,l,o,l #a-eb2 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,i4 ii4 #cj-cb1 #aje-adc2 ,o4 ,holtzmann1 ,nt,zeitg1 #aah-abd1 #abe-abg1 #aca-acb2 ,turn] ,hast,b,d ,i4 #djc-dae2 ,ramsay1 ,0 ,*ri/ born at ,be?lehem2 & von ,sod5 9 ,en,bib4 ,i4 #gii-hab4 ,= patri/ic op9ion conc]n+ ! l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 see ,hast,b,d ,i4 #daj4 ,= ! argum5t = a "o-ye> m9i/ry1 see ,keim,j,n ,,ii4 #cih2 ,o4 ,holtzmann1 ,nt,zeitg1 #aca;f4 ,= two ye>s1 see ,wiesel]1 ,*ron4 ,synop4 #bjd-bbj2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #chi-cib2 ,turn]1 9 ,hast,b,d4 ,= ?ree ye>s1 see ,and,l,o,l #ahi-aih2 note by ,rob]tson 9 ,broadus1 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 #bda-bdd4 ,comp>e ,rville,j,n ,,ii4 #bbg-bca2 ,zahn1 ,e9l4 ,,ii4 #eaf;f4 ,v ,! ,e>ly ,ye>s #bj4 ,on ! problem ( ! ,virg9 bir? see ,gilbert,l,j #gi-hi2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #baa-bcc2 ,swete1 ,apos4 ,cre$1 #db-ee2 ,bruce1 ,apologetics1 #djg-dac2 ,ropes1 ,&ov] ,rev4 #ahic1 #fie-gab2 ,fairb,s,l,x #cj-de2 ,godet1 ,comm4 on ,luke1 ,rem4 on *aps4 ,i4 & ,,ii42 ,bovon,n,t,th ,i4 #aih-bag4 ,^! ma9ta9 hi/oricity4 ,! o!r side3 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #adh-agd2 ,mey]1 ,comm4 on ,matt41 ,rem4 on #a4ah2 ,keim ,,jn ,,ii4 #ch-aja2 ,rville1 ,new ,_w1 #ahib1 #fie-gbc1 & ,,jn ,i4 #cfa-djh2 ,holtzmann,nt,th ,i4 #dji-dae4 ,on ! e>ly ye>s ( ,jesus see ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #bag-bed2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #bge-bic2 ,hughes1 ,manl9ess ( ,xt1 #ce-fj2 ,wendt,t,j ,i4 #ij-if2 ,/apf]1 ,jesus ,*ri/ be=e 8 ,m9i/ry2 ,fairb,s,l,x #df-fc2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #dd-fe2 ,rville,j,n ,i4 #dji-dch4 #ba4 ,= "s ( ! e>ly leg5ds conc]n+ ! bir? & *ildhood ( ,jesus1 see ! s-call$ ,protevangelium ( ,james1 ! ,gospel ( ,pseudo-,mat!w1 & ! ,gospel ( ,?omas1 ,ante-nic4 ,fa!rs1 ,,viii4 #cfa-chc1 #cie-cih4 ,= ,jewi% calumnies see ,laible1 ,j4 ,x4 im ,?almud1 #i-ci4 #bb4 ,on ! two g5ealogies see ,and,l,o,l #fb-fh2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #baa-bba2 ,godet on ,luke1 iii4 #bc-ch4 ,^! ref] ,luke's g5ealogy to ,m>v4 ,h]vey ,,sbd#b #aade-aadh1 ,plumm] on ,luke1 iii4 #bc1 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #adi1 ,gilbert,l,j #ha;f41 ) ! e>ly fa!rs 7see ,plumm]71 ref] bo? to ,joseph4 ,= ! view t !y are unau!ntic see ,holtzmann1 ,h&-comm4 ,i4 #ci-da2 ,bacon 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #acg-ada4 #bc4 ,on ! bre?r5 ( ,jesus see ,mayor1 ,hast,b,d ,i4 #cbj-cbf2 ,andrews,l,o,l #aaa-abc4 ,^! make ! bre?r5 sons ( ,joseph & ,m>y4 ,lightfoot1 ,galatians#aj1 #beb-bia1 reg>ds !m z sons ( ,joseph by a =m] m>riage4 ,,vi ,john ! ,bapti/ #bd4 ,on ! "* & "w ( ,john ! ,bapti/ see ,keim,j,n ,,ii4 #bja-bff & ref]5ces 9 ! index "u ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,keim's is mu* ! mo/ satisfactory treatm5t2 x is1 moreov]1 ,keim at 8 be/4 ,see also ,ewald1 ,hi/1 ( ,israel1 ,,vi4 #afj-bjj2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #cjg-caf2 ,fairb,s,l,x #fd-gi2 ,w4 ,a4 ,/ev5s1 ,homil4 ,rev4 #ahia1 ,,ii4 #afc ff42 ,bebb 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fgg-fhj2 ,wellhaus5 ,isr4 u4 judis*e ,ges*i*te1 #cdb;f42 ,fea!r1 ,la/ ( ! ,prophets4 ,reynolds1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 obscures its excell5cies by a va/ am\nt ( irrelevant discussion4 #be4 ,on ! exi/5ce ( a sep>ate company ( disciples ( ,john see ,mk4 ii4 #ah1 ,mt4 ix4 #ad1 ,lk4 v4 #cc2 ,mk4 vi4 #bi1 ,mt4 xiv4 #ab2 ,mt4 xi4 #b;f41 ,lk4 vii4 #ah;f42 ,lk4 xi4 #a2 ,jn4 i4 #ce;f42 iii4 #be2 ,ac4 xix4 #a-c4 ,consult ,lightfoot1 ,colossians1 #djj ff42 ,bald5sp]g]1 ,d] ,prolog des vi]t5 ,evangeliums1 #ic-aeb4 ,,vii ,! ,messianic ,call #bf4 ,on ! baptism ( ,jesus see ,wendt,t,j ,i4 #if-aja2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #bgh-bhg2 ,bald,s,j #bai-bbi4 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #caf-ccf says t ! baptism meant = ,jesus1 already consci\s ( 8 ,messiah%ip1 ! close ( 8 =m] life & ! op5+ ( "o p]fectly new 7#cbb72 ,keim,j,n ,,ii4 #bij-bii makes x an act ( consecration1 b elim9ates ! ,voice & ,dove2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bae-bca ?9ks t ,jesus1 consci\s ( no s91 yet n aw>e ( 8 ,messiah%ip1 s\ght ! baptism c>ry+ ! s9s & guilt ( 8 p on 8 he>t1 z if !y 7 8 own 7#bbi74 ,aga9/ ,beys*lag see ,e4 ,haupt 9 ,/udi5 u4 ,kritik51 #ahhg1 #cha4 ,bald5sp]g] %[s cle>ly t ! ,messianic call 0 a revelation to ,jesus1 n a conclusion f a c\rse ( reason+4 #bg4 ,on ! temptation see ,wendt,t,j ,i4 #aja-aje2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #ccg-ced2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #bii-cjg2 ,fairbairn,s,l,x #hj-ih2 ,bald,s,j #bcj-bcf2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bca-bcg2 ,keim,j,n ,,ii4 #cag-cbi4 ,all ^! see 9 temptation ! necess>y result ( ! ,messianic call at ! baptism4 #bh4 ,! locality ( ! baptism ( ,jesus _c be det]m9$4 ,tradition has fix$ on "o ( ! =ds ( ! ,jordan ne> ,j]i*o1 see ,smith,h,g,h,l #dif1 note #a4 ,on ! probable location ( ,be?any 7,be?ab>ah7 7,jn4 i4 #bh7 see discussion 9 ,and,l,o,l #adf-aea2 ,en,bib #edh2 & especially ,smi?'s note z above4 #bi4 ,on ! ano9t+ ( ,jesus ) ! ,holy ,_s see ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #cbc-ccf2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bcj;f4 ,= ! influ5ce ( ! ,_s 9 ! lat] life ( ,jesus see ,mk4 i4 #ab2 ,mt4 iv4 #a2 ,lk4 iv4 #a2 iv4 #ad1 #ah1 #ba2 ,mk4 iii4 #bi1 #cj2 ,mt4 xii4 #bh2 ,jn4 iii4 #cd2 comp>e ,ac4 i4 #b2 x4 #ch4 ,cle>ly ^! ref] n to ! e?ical & religi\s indwell+ ( ! ,div9e ,_s 7comp4 ,rom4 i4 #d71 b to ! special equipm5t = (ficial duty4 ,?is is ! ,,ot s5se1 see ,ex4 xxxi4 #b-e2 ,jud4 iii4 #aj2 ,i4 ,sam4 xi4 #f2 ,isa4 xi4 #a;f42 xlii4 #a2 lxi4 #a2 & consult ,s*ultz1 ,old ,te/4 ,!ol4 ,,ii4 #bjb;f4 ,jesus seems to h ne$$ a l div9e equipm5t1 not)/&+ 8 div9e nature4 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #aba;f4 #cj4 ,h[ ?is ,messianic ano9t+ is to be relat$ to ! doctr9e ( ,jesus' ess5tial div9e nature _c be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t x is a datum = ,*ri/ology1 & t x _c be expla9$ away4 ,x indicates "o ( ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* ,jesus 0 made l unto 8 bre?r54 ,:at 0 involv$ :5 ! ,son ( ,god empti$ himself & 0 made 9 ! lik5ess ( m5 7,phil4 ii4 #g7 we c only vaguely conceive4 ,two views ( e>ly h]etical sects seem rightly to h be5 reject$4 ,! ,docetic view1 held by "s ,gno/ics ( ! #b;d c5t41 dates ! inc>nation f ! baptism1 b di/+ui%es ,*ri/ f ! human ,jesus1 :o only s]v$ z a vehicle = ! manife/ation ( ! ,son ( ,god2 ! ,*ri/ desc5d$ on ,jesus at ! baptism1 asc5d+ aga9 to heav5 f ! cross1 comp>e ,mt4 iii4 #af & xxvii4 #ej 9 ! ,greek2 see ,s*aff ,hi/4 ( ,xn ,*ur*#b1 ,,ii4 #dee;f4 ,! rec5tly discov]$ ,gospel ( ,pet] pres5ts ?is view1 ,gosp4 ,pet4 #e4 ,! ,ne/orian view repres5ts t ! baptism 01 9 a s5se1 ,jesus' bir? f above 7,jn4 iii4 #c1 #e72 ?us ! inc>nation 0 fir/ complete at ! baptism ?\gh ! ,logos _h be5 associat$ ) ,jesus f ! beg9n+4 ,see ,s*aff1 ,hi/1 ( ,xn ,*ur*#b1 ,,iii4 #gag ff42 ,conybe>e1 ,hi/ory ( ,xmas1 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ,!ol4 #ahii1 #a-ba4 #ca4 ,! traditional locality ( ! temptation is a m\nta9 ne> ,j]i*o call$ ,qu>antana1 see ,and,l,o,l #aee2 ! tradition seems to date no fur!r back ?an ! crusades4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 probable t ! wild]ness 7,mt4 iv4 #a1 ,mk4 i4 #ab1 ,lk4 iv4 #a7 is ! same wild]ness m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,john's e>li] life & "w 7,mt4 iii4 #a1 ,mk4 i4 #d71 ! region ,w & ,,nw ( ! ,dead ,sea1 see ,smith,h,g,h,l #cag4 ,o!rs 7,/anley1 ,s9ai & ,pale/9e1 #cjh2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #cjj1 #cci notes7 hold t ! temptation took place 9 ! des]t regions ,,se ( ! sea ( ,galilee2 ?is is possibly correct1 ?\gh ! record 9 ! gospels sugge/s ! wild]ness ( ,judea4 ,on ! s\rce ( ! temptation /ory see ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #cci ff42 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bcd2 ,bacon1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #aijj1 ,i4 #ah-be4 ,,viii ,! ,fir/ ,disciples #cb4 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fab;f42 ,gilbert,l,j #add-aeg2 ,weiss,l,x ,i4 #cee-chg2 ,and,l,o,l #aee-afe2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #ccf-cfc2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #abi-adh 7assigns "h a consid]able "p ( ! synoptic acc\nt ( "w 9 ,cap]naum74 #cc4 ,! e>ly confessions4 ,on ! g5u95ess ( ! ,bapti/'s te/imony to ! ,lamb ( ,god see ,m4 ,dods 9 ,expos4 ,gk4 ,te/4 ,i 4#fie;f42 ,we/cott1 ,comm4 on ,john1 #bj2 ,eders,l,j,m #a4 #cdb ff42 ,weiss,l,x #a4 #cfb;f4 7?9ks ! evangeli/ add$ :o take? away ! s9 ( ! _w72 ,holtzmann1 ,h&-comm4 ,,iv4 #ch;f4 holds t ! evangeli/ has put 9 ! m\? ( ! ,bapti/ a conception :i* 0 fir/ curr5t aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus4 ,on ! confessions ( ,na?anael & ! o!rs1 see ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahih1 #ba-cj4 #cd4 ,cana is probably ! mod]n ,khirbet ,kana1 eight miles ,n ( ,naz>e?4 ,a rival site is ,kefr ,k5na1 ?ree & "o-half miles ,,ne f ,naz>e?4 ,see ,en,bib & ,hast,b,d1 also ,and,l,o,l #afb-afd4 #ce4 ,! miracles ( ,jesus are *all5g$ by mod]n ?\ght4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 read+ o!r docum5ts ?an ! ,n4,t4 in/antly to relegate ! miracul\s to ! doma9 ( leg5d4 ,miracles1 h[ev]1 are integral p>ts ( ! /ory ( ,jesus' life1 & ^? :o attempt to write t life elim9at+ ! sup]natural are con/ra9$ to recognize t he _h m>vell\s p[] z an exorci/ & heal] ( "s =ms ( n]v\s disease4 ,s ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott1 ,! ,_s on ! ,wat]s1 #afi-bja4 ,our k ( nature does n w>rant a dogmatic def9ition ( ! limits ( ! possible2 see ,james1 ,! ,w to ,believe1 vii4-xiii41 #bii-cbg4 ,! "q is confess$ly "o ( adequate evid5ce4 ,! evid5ce = ! supreme miracle--! transc5d5t "* ( ,jesus--is cle>1 see ,"p ,,iii4 *ap4 iv42 & ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! /ory ( 8 life mu/ be consid]$ 9 view ( ?is supreme miracle4 ,9 association ) him 8 miracles ga9 9 cr$ibility4 ,9 e/imat+ ! evid5ce = !m _! dignity & wor?9ess is important4 ,:at ! dev\t imag9ation w\ld d 9 embelli%+ ! /ory ( ,jesus is exhibit$ 9 ! apocryphal gospels2 ! miracles ( ! canonical gospels are ( an entirely diff]5t type1 :i* comm5ds !m z au!ntic4 ,by def9ition a miracle is an ev5t n explicable 9 t]ms ( ord9>y human exp]i5ce4 ,x is !re=e futile to attempt to picture ! miracles ( ,jesus 9 _! occurr5ce1 = ! imag9ation has no mat]ial except t furni%$ by ord9>y exp]i5ce4 ,= our day ! miracles are ( importance *iefly = ! exhibition !y give ( ! "* ( ,jesus2 !y c be /udi$ ) ?is 9 view )\t reg>d to ! curi\s "q h[ !y happ5$4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fbd-fbh2 & see ,fi%]1 ,gr\nds ( ,*ri/ian & ,!i/ic ,belief1 *aps1 iv4--vi41 ,sup]natural ,orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity#c1 *ap1 xi42 ,bruce1 ,miracul\s ,elem5t 9 ! ,gospels2 ,apologetics1 #dji ff42 ,ill+wor?1 ,div9e ,imman5ce2 ,ra9y1 ,orr1 & ,dods1 ,! ,sup]natural 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,m9i/ry ,i ,g5]al ,survey #cf4 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fji;f42 ,gilbert,l,j #acf-adc2 ,and,l,o,l #abe-acg2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bef-bie4 ,,ii ,! ,e>ly ,m9i/ry 9 ,judea #cg4 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fab;b-#fac;b2 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #c-ec2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #cfd-dbi2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #adg-afh2 ,gilbert,l,j #aeh-agi4 #ch4 ,on ! *ronological significance ( ,john iv4 #ce see ,and,l,o,l #ahc2 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #dj2 ,wiesel]1 ,synop4 #bab ff1 :o f9d indication t ! j\rney 0 9 ,decemb]4 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #dai;f42 ,turn] 9 ,hast,b,d ,i4 #djh1 f9d indication ( e>ly summ]4 ,"s treat iv4 #ce z a prov]b ) no *ronological significance2 s ,al=d1 ,comm4 on ,john4 #ci4 ,geographical notes4 ,a5on ne> ,salim has n be5 id5tifi$4 ,mo/ favor a site 9 ,sam>ia1 sev5 miles f a place nam$ ,salim1 :i* lay f\r miles ,e ( ,%e*em1 see ,cond]1 ,t5t ,"w 9 ,pale/9e1 ,,ii4 #eg1 #eh2 ,/ev5s1 ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahhc1 #abh-ada4 ,b c ,john h be5 baptiz+ 9 ,sam>ia8 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #bh says x is p]fectly impossible t he ,john c h tak5 up 8 /ation 9 ,sam>ia4 ,o!r sugge/ions are3 "s place 9 ! ,jordan valley 7b !n :y rem>k on ! abundance ( wat]1 ,jn4 iii4 #bc872 ne> ,j]usalem2 & 9 ! s\? ( ,judea4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #agc-age4 ,sy*> is ! mod]n ',ask>1 ab\t a mile & ?ree-qu>t]s f ,nablus 7,%e*em71 & half a mile ,n ( ,jacob's well4 ,see ,smith,h,g,h,l #cfg-cge4 #dj4 ,g5]al que/ions4 ,0 ! temple twice cleans$8 7see sect4 #aaf74 ,probably n4 ,! two reports 7,jn4 ii4 #ac-bb2 ,mk4 xi4 #ae-ah s7 are simil> 9 respect ( ,jesus' indignation1 its cause1 its expression1 its result1 & a consequ5t *all5ge ( 8 au?ority4 ,!y diff] 9 ! "t ( ! ev5t 7,john assigns to fir/ ,passov]1 synoptics to ! la/7 & 9 a possibly great] /]nness 9 ! synoptic acc\nt4 ,^! diff]5ces are no great] ?an appe> 9 o!r records ( id5tical ev5ts 7comp>e ,mt4 viii4 #e-ac ) ,lk4 vii4 #b-aj71 :ile ! repetition ( su* an act w\ld probably h be5 met by s]i\s opposition4 ,if ! temple 0 cleans$ b once1 ,john indicates ! true "t4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! m9i/ry x 0 a dem& t ! p foll[ ! new lead] 9 ! purification ( ,god's h\se & ! e/abli%m5t ( a tru] wor%ip4 ,at ! end x c\ld h _h only a v9dictive significance1 s9ce ! p _h already signifi$ to ! cle> insight ( ,jesus t !y w\ld n accept 8 lead]%ip4 ,= two di/9ct cleans+s see ! discussion 9 ,and,l,o,l #afi;f41 #dcg2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #cgc2 ,plumm] on ,luke xix4 #de;f4 ,= "o cleans+ at ! end see ,keim,j,n ,v4 #aac-aca4 ,= "o cleans+ at ! beg9n+ see ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #f ff42 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #adi ff42 ,gilbert,l,j #aei ff4 #da4 ,! j\rney to ,galilee4 ,d ,john 7iv4 #a-d1 #dc-de7 & ,m>k 7i4 #ad ,mt4 iv4 #ab2 ,lk4 iv4 #ad7 report ! same j\rney8 ,bo? are j\rneys f ! s\? introduc+ "w 9 ,galilee2 yet ! reasons giv5 = ! j\rney are diff]5t 7comp>e ,jn4 iv4 #a-c ) ,mk4 i4 #ad74 ,if ! ,ph>isees _h a h& 9 ,john's deliv]+ up 7,mk4 i4 #ad2 comp4 ,jos4 ,ant4 xviii4 #e4 #b71 ! same ho/ile movem5t may h impell$ ,jesus to leave ,judea4 ,he may n h he>d ( ,john's imprisonm5t until aft] 8 dep>ture1 or "s "t be=e he op5$ 8 new m9i/ry 9 ,galilee4 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #agc;f4 ,and,l,o,l #agf-ahb argues aga9/ ! id5tification4 #db4 ,! nobleman's son 7,jn4 iv4 #df-ed74 ,is ?is a d\blet ( ,mt4 viii4 #e-ac2 ,lk4 vii4 #b-aj8 ,john diff]s f synoptics 9 ! "t1 ! place1 ! disease1 ! suppliant1 8 plea1 & ,jesus' attitude4 ,mat!w & ,m>k diff] f ea* o!r conc]n+ ! be>]s ( ! c5turion's messages to ,jesus4 ,john's acc\nt is simil> to synoptic sup]ficially1 b is probably n a d\blet4 ,comp>e ,syro-,phnician's daught] 7,mk4 vii4 #bi;f474 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #bjb2 ,mey] on ,john iv4 #ea-ed2 ,plumm] on ,luke vii4 #aj4 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #de-ea id5tifies4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fac4 ,,iii & ,,iv ,! ,m9i/ry 9 ,galilee #dc4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fac-fcj2 ,gilbert,l,j #ahj-bhc4 ,consult ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #dd to ,,iii4 #aec2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #dgb to ,,ii4 #abe2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #adj-adg1afh-bid4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #bji-cfc = discussion ( details1 & ,keim,j,n ,,iii4 #aj to ,,iv4 #cdf = an illum9at+1 ?\gh n unprejudic$1 topical treatm5t4 #dd4 ,geographical notes4 ,cap]naum4 ,! site is n cle>ly id5tifi$1 two ru9s on ! ,,nw ( ,sea ( ,galilee are rival claimants1--,tell ,hum & ,khan ,m9yeh4 ,tell ,hum is advocat$ by ,?omson1 ,l& & ,book1 ,c5tral ,pal4 & ,phnicia 7#ahhb71 #daf-dbj2 ,khan ,m9yeh1 by ,smith,h,g,h,l #def1 ,en,bib ,i4 #fif ff4 ,latt] is probably correct4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #bbd-bcg4 ,be?saida4 ,! full "n is ,be?saida ,julias1 locat$ at entrance ( ,jordan into ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,smith,en,bib ,i4 #efe;f41 ,smith,h,g,h,l #deg;f41 %[s t !re is no ne$ ( ! hypo!sis ( a second ,be?saida to meet ! /atem5t 9 ,mk4 vi4 #de1 or t 9 ,jn4 i4 #dd4 ,see also ,and,l,o,l #bcj-bcf4 ,ew+ ,hast,b,d ,i4 #bhb;f4 r5ews ! argum5t = two ,be?saidas4 ,*oraz9 0 probably ! mod]n ,k]azeh1 ab\t "o mile ,n ( ,tell ,hum1 & back f ! lake4 ,see ,smith,en,bib ,i4 #gea2 ,smith,h,g,h,l #def2 ,and,l,o,l #bcg;f4 #de4 ,! m\nta9 ( ! s]mon on ! m\nt 7,mt4 v4 #a2 ,lk4 vi4 #ab7 probably ref]s to ! ,galilean highl&s z di/9ct f ! %ore ( ! lake4 ,m def9ite location is n possible4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #bfh;f42 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #ebd4 ,! traditional site1 ! ,horns ( ,hatt91 is a hill ly+ ab\t sev5 miles ,,sw f ,khan ,m9yeh1 :i* has ne> ! top a level place 7,lk4 vi4 #ag7 flank$ by two l[ peaks or horns4 #df4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,g]as5es1 ,gad>5es1 or ,g]ges5es4 ,gad>5es is ! be/ atte/$ read+ 9 ,mt4 viii4 #bh1 ,g]as5es 9 ,mk4 v4 #a & ,lk4 viii4 #bf2 ,g]ges5es has only second>y atte/ation4 ,gad>a is id5tifi$ ) ,um ,keis on ! ,y>muk1 "s six miles ,,se ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,?is _c h be5 ! site ( ! miracle1 ?\gh x is possible t ,gad>a may h controll$ ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t1 includ+ ! %ores ( ! sea4 ,g]asa is ! "n ( a city 9 ! highl&s ( ,gilead1 tw5ty miles ,e ( ,jordan1 & ?irty-five ,,se ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 & x cle>ly _c h be5 ! sc5e ( ! miracle4 ,ne> ! ,e %ore ( ! sea ,?omson discov]$ ! ru9s ( a village :i* n[ be>s ! "n ,kh]sa4 ,! =mation ( ! l& 9 ! neighborhood closely suits ! n>rative ( ! gospels4 ,?is is n[ accept$ z ! true id5tification4 ,see ,?omson ,l& & ,book1 ,c5tral ,pale/9e1 #cec-cee2 ,,sbd#b #ajig-aajj2 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #aei;f42 ,and,l,o,l #bif-cjj4 ,! "n ,gad>5es may indicate t ,gad>a _h jurisdiction ov] ! region ( ,kh]sa2 ! names ,g]as5es & ,g]ges5es may be d]iv$ directly & indep5d5tly f ,kh]sa1 or may be corruptions due to ! obscurity ( ,kh]sa4 #dg4 ,! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s& took place on ! ,e ( ! sea1 9 a des]t region1 abundant 9 grass1 & m\nta9\s1 & locat$ 9 ! neighborhood ( a place nam$ ,be?saida4 ,ne> ! ru9s ( ,be?saida ,julias is a pla9 call$ n[ ,butaiha1 a smoo?1 grassy place ne> ! sea & ! m\nta9s1 :i* meets ! requirem5ts ( ! n>rative4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #cbb;f4 #dh4 ,! return ( ,jesus f ! regions ( ,tyre ?r\gh ,sidon 7,mk4 vii4 #ca7 avoid$ ,galilee1 cross+ ,n ( ,galilee to ! t]ritory ( ,philip & ! ,decapolis4 ,?is latt] "n applies to a gr\p ( free ,greek cities1 situat$ = ! mo/ "p ,e ( ! ,jordan4 ,mo/ ( ! cities ( ! gr\p 7 f>!r ,s ?an ! ,sea ( ,galilee2 "s1 h[ev]1 7 ,e & ,,ne ( t sea1 h5ce ,jesus' approa* f ,cs>ea ,philippi or ,damascus c\ld be describ$ z ?r\gh ,decapolis4 ,see ,smith,h,g,h,l #eic-fjh2 ,en ,bib ,i4 #ajea ff42 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 i4 #id-aba4 #di4 ,( ,magadan 7,mt4 xv4 #ci7 or ,dalmanu?a 7,mk4 viii4 #aj7 all t is kn[n is t !y mu/ h be5 on ! ,w coa/ ( ! ,sea ( ,galilee4 ,!y h nev] be5 id5tifi$1 ?\gh !re are _m conjectures4 ,see ,,sbd#b1 ,hast,b,d1 & ,en ,bib4 #ej4 ,cs>ea ,philippi 0 situat$ at ! ea/]nmo/ & mo/ important ( ! s\rces ( ! ,jordan1 x is call$ ,panias by ,jos4 ,ant4 xv4 #aj4c1 n[ ,banias4 ,probably a sanctu>y ( ! god ,pan4 ,"h ,h]od ! ,great built a temple :i* he d$icat$ to ,cs>2 ,philip ! ,tetr>* enl>g$ ! t[n & call$ x ,cs>ea ,philippi4 ,see ,,sbd#b2 ,hast,b,d2 ,en,bib4 #ea4 ,! m\nta9 ( ! transfiguration4 ,! traditional site1 s9ce ! f\r? c5tury1 is ,tabor 9 ,galilee4 ,mo/ rec5t op9ion has favor$ "o ( ! %\ld]s ( ,h]mon1 ow+ to ! suppos$ connection ( ! ev5t ) ! soj\rn ne> ,cs>ea ,philippi4 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #ih po9ts out t !re is no evid5ce t ,jesus l+]$ = six days 7,mk4 ix4 #b7 ne> t t[n1 & t !re=e ! ef=t to locate ! transfiguration is futile4 ,gilbert,l,j #bgd ?9ks t ,mk4 ix4 #cj is decisive 9 favor ( a place outside ,galilee2 he !re=e holds to ! common view t ,h]mon is ! true locality4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #ceg;f4 #eb4 ,g5]al que/ions4 ,0 ,jesus twice reject$ at ,naz>e?8 7comp4 ,lk4 iv4 #af-cj ) ,mk4 vi4 #a-f;a2 ,mt4 xiii4 #ed-eh74 ,"h are two acc\nts t read l indep5d5t traditions ( ! same ev5t2 !y agree conc]n+ ! place1 ! tea*+ 9 ! synagogue on ! ,sabba?1 ! a/oni%m5t ( ! ,naz>5es1 _! scornful "q1 & ,jesus' rejo9d]4 ,luke makes no ref]5ce to ! disciples 7,mk4 vi4 #a7 nor to ! work+ ( miracles 7,mk4 vi4 #e72 ,mat!w & ,m>k1 on ! o!r h&1 say no?+ ( an attempt at viol5ce4 ,^! diff]5ces are no m s]i\s1 h[ev]1 ?an appe> 9 ! two acc\nts ( ! appeal ( ! c5turion to ,jesus 7,mt4 viii4 #e-h2 ,lk4 vii4 #c-g74 ,moreov]1 ,lk4 iv4 #bc indicates a "t aft] ! m9i/ry 9 ,cap]naum _h won r5[n1 :i* agrees ) ! place giv5 ! rejection 9 ,m>k4 ,! g5]al /atem5t 7,lk4 iv4 #ad;f47 sugge/s t ! visit to ,naz>e? is giv5 at ! beg9n+ z an in/ance ( prea*+ 9 _! synagogues4 ,! ?ree acc\nts probably ref] to "o ev5t report$ indep5d5tly4 ,= id5tification see ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #cd2 ,plumm] on ,luke iv4 #cj2 ,gilbert,l,j #bed;f4 ,= two rejections see ,godet's supplem5t>y note on ,lk4 iv4 #af-cj2 ,mey] on ,mt4 xiii4 #ec-eh2 ,eders,l,j,m ,i4 #deg1 note #a2 ,wiesel]1 ,synopsis1 #bgh4 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bgj id5tifies b pref]s ,luke's date4 #ec4 ,7 !re two miracul\s draughts ( fi%8 ,lk4 v4 #a-aa is sometimes id5tifi$ ) ,jn4 xxi4 #c-ac4 ,s ,wendt,l,j ,i4 #baa;f41 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #eg;f41 & ,mey] on ,luke v4 #a-aa4 ,aga9/ ! id5tification see ,al=d1 ,godet1 & ,plumm] on ! passage 9 ,luke4 ,! two are alike 9 sc5e1 ! night ( bootless toil1 ! great cat* at ,jesus' ^w4 ,!y diff] 9 p]sonnel1 antec$5t relations ( ! fi%]m5 ) ,jesus1 ! effect ( ! miracle on ,pet]1 & ! subsequ5t tea*+ ( ,jesus1 z well z 9 "t4 ,^! diff]5ces make id5tification difficult4 #ed4 ,:]e 9 ! synoptic /ory %\ld ! j\rney to ! fea/ 9 ,j]usalem 7,jn4 v47 be plac$8 ,!re is no?+ 9 ,john's n>rative to id5tify ! fea/1 al?\gh x is 8 cu/om to "n ! fe/ivals to :i* he ref]s 7,passov]1 ii4 #ac1 #bc2 vi4 #d2 xi4 #ee2 xii4 #a2 ,tab]nacles1 vii4 #b2 ,d$ication1 x4 #bb74 ,ev5 if ,john wrote ! fea/1 r ?an a fea/ 7! ,,mss4 v>y1 ,a ,b ,d & sev5 o!r uncials omit ! article71 x w\ld be impossible to decide betwe5 ,passov] & ,tab]nacles4 ,! omission ( ! article sugge/s ei!r t ! fea/ 0 ( m9or importance1 or t its id5tification 0 ( no significance = ! und]/&+ ( ! foll[+ disc\rse4 ,s9ce a ye> & f\r mon?s probably elaps$ betwe5 ! j\rney into ,galilee 7,jn4 iv4 #ce7 & ! next ,passov] m5tion$ 9 ,john 7vi4 #d71 v4 #a may ref] to any "o ( ! fea/s ( ! ,jewi% ye>4 ,! commone/ int]pretation pref]s ,purim1 a fe/ival ( a secul> & some:at hil>i\s type1 :i* occurr$ on ! #ad? & #ae? ( ,ad>1 a mon? be=e ! ,passov]4 ,x is difficult to believe t ?is fea/ w\ld h call$ ,jesus to ,j]usalem4 ,see ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #cia2 ,gilbert,l,j #acg-aci1 #adb1 #bcd-bce4 ,aga9/ ?is int]pretation see ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #gfe4 ,ed]%eim advocates ! fea/ ( ,wood ,ga!r+ on ! #ae? ( ,ab--ab\t our ,augu/4 ,on ?is day all ! p 7 p]mitt$ to (f] wood = ! use ( ! alt> 9 ! temple1 :ile dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> ! privilege 0 res]v$ = special families4 ,see ,,ljm ,,ii #gfe;f42 ,we/cott1 ,comm4 on ,john1 add4 note on v4 #a1 argues = ! fea/ ( ,trumpets1 or ! new moon ( ! mon? ,tisri1--ab\t our ,septemb]1--:i* 0 celebrat$ z ! beg9n+ ( ! civil ye>4 ,o!rs h sugge/$ ,p5teco/1 fifty days aft] ! ,passov]2 ! day ( ,atonem5t--b ?is 0 a fa/1 n a fea/2 & ,tab]nacles4 ,! majority ( ^? :o d n favor ,purim pref] ! ,passov]1 not)/&+ ! difficulty ( ?9k+ t ,john w\ld ref] to ?is fea/ simply z a fea/ ( ! ,jews4 ,read ,and,l,o,l #aic-aih1 rememb]+ t ! "q mu/ be consid]$ indep5d5tly ( ! "q ( ! l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry4 ,! impossibility ( det]m9+ ! fea/ r5d]s ! adju/m5t ( ?is visit to ! synoptic /ory v unc]ta94 ,x may be t !re 0 "s connection betwe5 ! ,sabba? controv]sy 9 ,galilee 7,mk4 ii4 #bc-bh7 & ! criticism ,jesus ar\s$ 9 ,j]usalem 7,jn4 v474 ,if s1 "o ( ! spr+ fea/s1 ,passov] or ,p5teco/1 w\ld be/ suit ! circum/ances2 b ?is arrangem5t is q unc]ta94 #ee4 ,d ! five conflicts ( ,mk4 ii4 #a to iii4 #f belong at ! e>ly place 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus to :i* t gospel assigns !m8 ,x is commonly held t !y d n1 & ! argum5t = a two-ye> m9i/ry re/s on ?is assumption 7see ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fac74 ,holtzmann1 ,h&-comm5t> ,i4 #i;f41 rem>ks t at lea/ = ! cure ( ! p>alytic & = ! call & fea/ ( ,levi 7,mk4 ii4 #a1 #ac1 #ae7 ! evangeli/ 0 confid5t t he 0 foll[+ ! actual ord] ( ev5ts2 note ! call ( ! fif? disciple1 ,mk4 ii4 #ac1 betwe5 ! call ( ! f\r1 ,mk4 i4 #af-bj1 & t ( ! twelve1 iii4 #af-ai4 ,! "q ab\t fa/+ may owe its place 7,mk4 ii4 #ah-bb7 to association ) ! criticism ( ,jesus = eat+ ) publicans 7,mk4 ii4 #af74 ,9 l mann] ! second ,sabba? conflict 7,mk4 iii4 #a-f7 may be atta*$ to ! fir/ 7ii4 #bc-bh7 z a result ( ! id5tity ( subject1 = x is notewor?y t ,m>k records only ^! two ,sabba? conflicts2 moreov]1 ! plot ( ,h]odians & ,ph>isees to kill ,jesus /rongly sugge/s a lat] "t = ! actual occurr5ce ( ?is criticism4 ,! fir/ ,sabba? "q1 h[ev]1 may belong e>ly1 z ,m>k has plac$ x4 ,weiss1 ,m>kusevangelium1 #gf1 ,,lx ,,ii4 #bcb ff41 places ^! conflicts late4 ,ed]%eim1 ,,ljm ,,ii4 #ea ff41 discusses ! ,sabba? controv]sies aft] ! fe$+ ( ! multitudes4 ,rville,j,n ,,ii4 #bbi places ! fir/ ( !m e>ly4 #ef4 ,! s]mon on ! m\nt4 ,luke 7vi4 #ab-ai ,mk4 iii4 #ac-ai;a indicates ! place 9 ! ,galilean m9i/ry2 ,mat!w has !re=e anticipat$ 9 assign+ x to ! beg9n+4 ,! id5tity ( ! two s]mons 7,mt4 v4 #a to vii4 #bg2 ,lk4 vi4 #bj-di7 is %[n by ! fact t ea* beg9s ) beatitudes1 ea* closes ) ! p>ables ( ! wise & fooli% build]s1 ea* is foll[$ by ! cure ( a c5turian's s]vant 9 ,cap]naum 7,mt4 viii4 #e-ac2 ,lk4 vii4 #a-aj71 & ! tea*+s :i* are f\nd 9 ea* acc\nt are giv5 9 ! same ord]4 ,mat!w is mu* full] ?an ,luke1 _m tea*+s giv5 9 ! s]mon 9 ,mat!w be+ f\nd 9 lat] contexts 9 ,luke4 ,mu* ( ! s]mon 9 ,mat!w1 h[ev]1 evid5tly belong$ to ! orig9al disc\rse1 & 0 omitt$ by ,luke1 p]haps because ( less int]e/ to ,g5tile ?an to ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,! foll[+ sections are f\nd else:]e 9 ,luke1 & 7 probably associat$ ) ! s]mon by ! fir/ evangeli/3 ,mt4 v4 #be1 #bf2 ,lk4 xii4 #eh1 #ei2 ,mt4 vi4 #i-ac2 ,lk4 xi4 #b-d2 ,mt4 vi4 #ai-cd2 ,lk4 xii4 #ba-cd2 xi4 #cd-cf2 xvi4 #ac2 ,mt4 vii4 #g-aa2 ,lk4 xi4 #i-ac2 ,mt4 vii4 #ac1 #ad2 ,lk4 xiii4 #bd4 ,! fir/ evangeli/'s habit ( gr\p+ may expla9 also ! pres5ce 9 8 s]mon ( tea*+s :i* he himself has duplicat$ lat]1 ?us3 ,mt4 v4 #bi1 #cj xviii4 #h1i2 v4 #cb xix4 #i1 comp4 ,mk4 x4 #aa1 ix4 #dc-dg1 ,lk4 xvi4 #ah2 ,mt4 vi4 #ad1 #ae ,mk4 xi4 #be4 ,mat!w vii4 #bb1 #bc has ! "* ( ! tea*+s :i* foll[ ! confession at ,cs>ea ,phillipi1 & is q unlike ! o!r e>ly tea*+s4 ,x may belong to ! lat] "t1 = x 0 natural = ! e>ly ,*ri/ians to associate toge!r tea*+s :i* ! ,"l utt]$ on widely sep>at$ occasions4 ,! s]mon z orig9ally giv5 may be analyz$ z foll[s3 ,! privileges ( ! heirs ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ,mt4 v4 #c-ac2 ,lk4 vi4 #bj-bf2 _! responsibilities1 ,mt4 v4 #ac-af2 ! relation ( ! new to ! old1 ,mt4 v4 #ag-ai2 ! text ( ! disc\rse1 ,mt4 v4 #bj2 ! new conception ( morality1 ,mt4 v4 #ba-dh2 ,lk4 vi4 #bg-cf2 ! new practice ( religion1 ,mt4 vi4 #a-h1 #af-ah2 w>n+ aga9/ a c5sori\s _s1 ,mt4 vii4 #af-bj2 ,lk4 vi4 #dc-df2 ! wise & fooli% build]s1 ,mt4 vii4 #bd-bg2 ,lk4 vi4 #dg-di4 #eg4 ,! disc\rse 9 p>ables4 ,mat!w gives sev5 p>ables at ?is po9t 7xiii471 ,m>k 7iv4 #a-cd7 has ?ree1 "o ( !m is n giv5 9 ,mat!w1 ,luke 7viii4 #d-ah7 gives 9 ?is connection b "o1--! ,s[]4 ,_m ?9k t ! ,t>es ( ,mat!w 7xiii4 #bd-cj1 #cf-dc7 is a d\blet ( ,m>k's ,se$ gr[+ secretly 7iv4 #bf-bi72 s ,weiss ,,lx ,,ii4 #bji note1 aga9/ :i* view see ,wendt,l,j ,i4 #agh f41 & ,bruce1 ,p>abolic ,tea*+ ( ,xt1 #aai4 ,mat!w has probably made "h a gr\p ( p>ables1 z 9 *apt]s v4 to vii4 he has made a gr\p ( o!r tea*+s4 ,! int]pretation ( ! ,t>es1 & ( ! ,draw-net 7xiii4 #dj-dc1 #di1 #ej71 may indicate t ^! p>ables 7 spok5 aft] ,jesus began to tea* pla9ly conc]n+ ! end ( ! _w 7,mk4 viii4 #ca to ix4 #a71 ,luke gives ! ,mu/>d ,se$ & ,leav5 9 ano!r connection 7xiii4 #ah-ba71 & x may be t ,mat!w has tak5 !m out ( _! true context to associate !m ) ! o!r p>ables ( 8 gr\p2 yet 9 popul> tea*+ x mu/ be recogniz$ t illu/rations are mo/ likely to be repeat$ 9 diff]5t situations4 ,on ! p>ables see ,goebel1 ,! ,p>ables ( ,jesus 7#ahij71 ,bruce1 ,! ,p>abolic ,tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 #c;d ed4 7#ahhf71 ,jli*]1 ,die ,glei*nissr$5 ,jesu 7#b vols4 #ahii71 & ! comm5t>ies on ! gospels4 #eh4 ,! in/ructions to ! twelve4 ,mt4 ix4 #cf to xi4 #a4 x4 #a1 #e-ad corresponds 9 g5]al ) ,mk4 vi4 #g-aa2 ,lk4 ix4 #a-e4 ,! simil>ity is clos]1 h[ev]1 betwe5 x4 #g-ae & ,lk4 x4 #c-ab--! in/ructions to ! sev5ty 7see sect4 ,a #fh74 ,! re/ ( ,mt4 x4 7#af-db7 is p>allel$ by tea*+s f\nd 9 ! clos+ disc\rses 9 ! synoptic gospels1 & 9 tea*+s pres]v$ 9 ! section peculi> to ,luke 7ix4 #ea to xviii4 #ad4 ,see ,,sb sects4 #hh-ib1 footnotes74 ,x is probable t "h ! fir/ evangeli/ has made a gr\p ( in/ructions to disciples ga!r$ f all p>ts ( ! ,"l's tea*+s2 su* a collection 0 ( great practical value 9 ! e>ly "t ( p]secution4 #ei4 ,did ,jesus twice fe$ ! multitudes8 ,all ! gospels record ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s& 7,mt4 xiv4 #ac-bc2 ,mk4 vi4 #cj-df2 ,lk4 ix4 #aj-ag2 ,jn4 vi4 #a-ae71 ,mat!w 7xv4 #cb-ch7 & ,m>k 7viii4 #a-i7 give also ! fe$+ ( ! f\r ?\s&4 ,! simil>ities are s great t ! two acc\nts w\ld be reg>d$ z d\blets if !y occurr$ 9 diff]5t gospels4 ,! difficulty ) su* an id5tification is *iefly ! ref]5ce :i* 9 bo? ,mat!w 7xvi4 #i1 #aj7 & ,m>k 7viii4 #ai1 #bj7 ,jesus is said to h made to ! two fe$+s4 ,! evangeli/s cle>ly di/+ui%$ ! two4 ,9 view ( ?is fact ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! acc\nts become important4 ,^! conc]n ! occasion ( ! two miracles1 ! numb] f$1 ! nationality ( ! multitudes 7comp>e ,jn4 vi4 #ca & ,mk4 vii4 #ca71 ! numb] ( loaves & ( baskets ( brok5 pieces 7! "n = basket is diff]5t 9 ! two cases1 & is pres]v$ consi/5tly 9 ,mk4 viii4 #ai1 #bj2 ,mt4 xvi4 #i1 #aj74 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #bei-bfb1 ,g\ld1 & ,swete1 on ,mk4 viii4 #a-i2 ,mey]1 ,al=d1 on ,mt4 xv4 #cb-ch4 ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #cgf;f41 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bgi;f41 ,wendt,l,j ,i4 #db1 ,holtzmann ,h&-comm4 ,i4 #ahf ff41 id5tify ! acc\nts4 ,see also ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fbi4 #fj4 ,did ,pet] twice confess fai? 9 ,jesus z ,messiah8 ,synoptics give 8 confession at ,ces>ea ,philippi 7,mk4 viii4 #bg-cj2 ,mt4 xvi4 #ac-bj2 ,lk4 ix4 #ah-ba74 ,john1 h[ev]1 gives a confession e>li] at ,cap]naum 7vi4 #ff-ga74 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #ec id5tifies ! two1 plac+ t 9 ,john at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 s9ce !re is no evid5ce t all ( ! long disc\rse ( ,jn4 vi4 0 spok5 9 ,cap]naum ! day aft] ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&4 ,?is may be correct1 yet ! m>k$ recognition :i* ,jesus gave to ! confession at ,cs>ea ,philippi does n dem& t he fir/ at t "t receiv$ a confession ( 8 disciples' fai?4 ,! confession 9 ,jn4 vi4 #fh1 #fi decl>$ t ! twelve 7 n %ak5 9 _! fai? by ! rec5t defection ( _m disciples4 ,at ,cs>ea ,philippi ! confession 0 made aft] ! revulsion ( popul> feel+ _h be5 made fully evid5t1 & aft] ! twelve _h _h "t = reaction ( en?usiasm consequ5t ^u ! gr[+ coldness ( ! multitudes & active opposition ( ! lead]s4 ,! confession ( ,cs>ea ,philippi holds its unique significance1 :e!r or n ,jn4 vi4 #fh is id5tifi$ ) x4 #fa4 ,! j\rney to ,tab]nacles 7,jn4 vii474 ,:]e 9 ! synoptic /ory %\ld x be plac$8 ,lk4 ix4 #ea ff4 records ! f9al dep>ture f ,galilee4 ,! j\rney ( ,jn4 vii4 is ! la/ j\rney f ,galilee giv5 9 ,john4 ,yet ! two are v diff]5t4 ,9 ,john1 ,jesus w5t 9 ha/e1 unprem$itat$ly1 9 secret1 & unaccompani$1 & confront$ ! p ) himself unexpect$ly dur+ ! fea/4 ,9 ,luke 7,mk4 x4 #a & ,mt4 xix4 #a are s g5]al t !y give no aid7 he advanc$ delib]ately1 ) c>eful plans1 ann\nc+ 8 com+ 9 advance1 accompani$ by _m disciples1 ) :om he w5t f place to place1 arriv+ 9 ,j]usalem long aft] he _h set out4 ,! two j\rneys _c be id5tifi$4 ,john seems to keep ,jesus 9 ! s\? aft] ! ,tab]nacles1 b 8 acc\nt does n =bid a return to ,galilee betwe5 ,tab]nacles & ,d$ication 7x4 #bb74 ,aft] ! hurri$ visit to ,tab]nacles1 ,jesus probably w5t back to ,galilee1 & ga!r$ 8 disciples aga9 = ! f9al j\rney t[>ds 8 cross--= ! visit to ,j]usalem _h giv5 fre% evid5ce ( ! k9d ( treatm5t he mu/ expect 9 ! capital 7,jn4 vii4 #cb1 #de-eb2 viii4 #ei74 ,see ,and,l,o,l #cfi-cgi4 ,&rews sugge/s t ! fea/ occurr$ be=e ! )drawal to ,cs>ea ,philippi 7#cgf72 ?is is possible1 b x seems m natural to place x dur+ ! soj\rn 9 ,cap]naum aft] ! return f ! nor? 7,mk4 ix4 #cc-ej74 ,see ,,sb1 sects4 #hb-he4 #fb4 ,on ! ph5om5a & int]pretation ( ,demoniac ,possession see ,j4 ,l4 ,nevius1 ,demon ,possession & alli$ ,!mes2 ,conybe>e1 ,jew4 ,qu>4 ,rev4 ,,viii4 7#ahif7 #egf-fjh1 ,,ix4 7#ahif-g7 #ei-aad1 #ddd-dgj1 #eha-fjc2 ,j4 ,weiss 9 ,rel5cyklopdie1#c ,hauck-,h]zog1 ,,iv4 #djh-dai2 ,b9et1 ,alt]ations ( ,p]sonality1 #cbe-cef2 ,james1 ,psy*ology1 ,i4 #cgc-djj2 & ! articles on ,,demons 9 ,en,bib & ,hast,b,d4 ,! ,j\rney ?r\gh ,p]ea to ,j]usalem #fc4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcj-fcb2 see ,gilbert,l,j #bih-caj3 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #aeg-bbc2 ,keim,j,n ,v1 #a-fd2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bhg-bid4 ,,ii4 #ccc-dai2 ,and,l,o,l #cfe-dbj2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #abf-cfj4 #fd4 ,?is j\rney began sometime betwe5 ,tab]nacles & ,d$ication 7,octob] & ,decemb]7 ( ! la/ ye> ( ,jesus' life1 & cont9u$ until ! arrival 9 ,be?any six days be=e ! la/ ,passov]4 #fe4 ,geographical notes4 ,p]ea--a "p ( ! doma9 ( ,antipas--0 ! ,jewi% t]ritory ,e ( ! ,jordan4 ,its nor!rn limit seems to h be5 m>k$ by ,pella 7,jos4 ,w>s1 iii #c4 #c7 or ,gad>a 7,w>s1 iv4 #g4 #c71 & its ,e b\nd>y 0 m>k$ by ,philadelphia 7,ant4 xx4 #a4 #a72 x ext5d$ ,s to ! doma9 ( ,aretas1 k+ ( ,arabia4 ,! population 0 mix$1 ?\gh pr$om9at+ly ,jewi%4 ,cities ( ! ,decapolis1 h[ev]1 lay )9 ! limits ( ,p]ea1 & introduc$ ,greek life & ideas to ! p4 ,on ! highl&s back f ! ,jordan x 0 a f]tile & well populat$ l&4 ,see ,smith,h,g,h,l #eci;f42 ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 i4 #b-d4 #ff4 ,on ,be?any & ,j]i*o see ,b,ds &1 = ! latt]1 ,smith,h,g,h,l #bff ff4 #fg4 ,ephraim1 7,john xi4 #ed7 is g5]ally id5tifi$ ) ! ,ephron ( ,,ii4 ,*ron4 xiii4 #ai 7,jos4 ,w>s1 iv4 #i4 #i74 ,rob9son locat$ x at et ,taiyibeh1 #d m4 ,,ne ( ,be!l1 & #ad f ,j]usalem4 ,see ,hast,b,d l4 #gbh2 ,,sbd#b #ige4 #fh4 ,g5]al que/ions4 ,! mission ( ! sev5ty4 ,luke records two missions1 t ( ! twelve 7ix4 #a-f71 & t ( ! sev5ty 7x4 #a-bd74 ,_m reg>d ^! z d\blets1 simil> to ! two fe$+s 9 ,m>k4 ,s ,weiss,l,x ,,ii4 #cjg ff41 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #bge1 ,wendt,l,j ,i4 #hd;f4 ,9 favor ( ?is conclusion emphasis is giv5 to ! fact t 9 ,jewi% ?\ght sev5ty symboliz$ ! nations ( ! _w z twelve symboliz$ ,israel4 ,x is sugge/$ t 9 8 se>* = full records ,luke came ^u an acc\nt ( ! mission ( disciples :i* _h already be5 modifi$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity1 & fail+ to recognize its id5tity ) ! acc\nt ( ! mission furni%$ by ,m>k1 he add$ x 9 8 peculi> section4 ,! simil>ity ( ! in/ructions giv5 foll[s f ! nature ( ! case4 ,a second s5d+ out ( disciples is suitable 9 view ( ! entrance into a region hi!rto unvisit$4 ,z ,dr4 ,s&ay has rem>k$1 ! say+s connect$ by ,luke ) ?is mission be> witness to ! au!nticity ( ! acc\nt4 ,!re is !re=e no ne$ to id5tify ! two missions4 ,see p>ticul>ly ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fad1 also ,gilbert,l,j #bbf-bcj1 ,plumm]'s ,comm4 on ,luke1 #bfi ff4 ,luke probably gives ! correct place = ! ?anksgiv+1 self-decl>ation1 & invitation ( ,jesus1 9 :i* ! synopti/s approa* mo/ ne>ly to ! ?\ght ( ,john 7,lk4 x4 #ba1 #bb2 ,mt4 xi4 #be-cj74 ,! return ( ! sev5ty 7,lk4 x4 #ag-bj7 foll[$ ! woes address$ to ! unbeliev+ cities 7,lk4 x4 #ac-af2 ,mt4 xi4 #bj-bd74 #fi4 ,! de/9ation ( ! sev5ty4 ,x is cu/om>y to ?9k ( !m z s5t to ! v>i\s cities ( ,p]ea 7see ,and,l,o,l #cha-chc74 ,7 x n = ! words :i!r he himself 0 ab\t to come 7,lk4 x4 ,i71 x w\ld be natural to conclude t !y 7 s5t ,e to ,g]asa & ,philadelphia1 & ,s to ! regions ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,if ,john's acc\nt is accept$1 ,jesus sp5t n a little "t ( ! int]val betwe5 8 dep>ture f ,galilee & 8 f9al arrival 9 ,be?any 9 & ne> ,j]usalem4 ,x may be t aft] ! )drawal f ! ,d$ication he w5t f> into ! ,p]ean di/ricts4 ,b ,john x4 #dj is aga9/ x4 ,! "q mu/ be left unansw]$4 ,! mess5g]s may h visit$ places 9 all p>ts ( ,pale/9e4 ,,vi ,! ,controv]sies ( ! ,la/ ,week #gj4 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #caa-cce2 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #bbd-bgj2 ,and,l,o,l #dba-dej2 ,keim,j,n ,v4 #fe-bge2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #dbb-dcd2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #cfc-dgh2 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii #fcb;f4 #ga4 ,! supp] at ,be?any4 ,john is def9ite1 six days be=e ! passov] 7xii4 ,i74 ,synopti/s place x aft] ! day ( controv]sy1 on ! ,w$nesday prec$+ ! ,passov] 7,mk4 xiv4 ,i1 #c-i2 ,mt4 xxvi4 #b1 #f-ac74 ,john is probably correct4 ,! rebuke ( ,judas 7,jn4 xii4 #d-h7 0 probably associat$ 9 ! ?\ght ( ! disciples ) 8 lat] trea*]y2 consequ5tly ! synopti/s report ! plot ( ,judas & ?is supp] 9 close connection4 #gb4 ,! ,messianic entry into ,j]usalem is reg>d$ by ,rville z a surr5d] by ,jesus ( 8 l(ty ,messianic ideal 9 response to ! temptation to seek a popul> foll[+4 ,keim ) f9] insight says1 ,ev5 if x _h c]ta9ly be5 8 wi% to br+ ! k+dom ( heav5 ne> 9 ,j]usalem quietly & gradually1 & ) a heal?y m5tal progress1 z 9 ,galilee1 yet 444 9 ! face ( ! irritability ( 8 oppon5ts1 9 ! face ( ! p[]ful means at _! disposal ( cru%+ him 444 !re rema9$ b "o *ance1--reckless publicity1 ! conque/ ( ! p>tially prep>$ nation by means1 n ( =ce1 b ( idea4444 ,he came /ak+ 8 life ^u ! v5ture1 b also believ+ t ,god mu/ f9i% 8 "w ?r\gh life or dea? 7,,jn ,v4 #ajj;f474 #gc4 ,! "q ab\t ! resurrection 0 probably a famili> ,sadducean problem ) :i* !y made m]ry at ! exp5se ( ! scribes4 ,on ! resurrection 9 ,jewi% ?\ght see ,*>les1 ,es*atology1 ,hebrew1 ,jewi%1 & ,*ri/ian1 by index4 ,= ! scepticism ( ! ,sadducees see also ,ac4 xxiii4 #h2 ,jos4 ,w>s1 ii1 #h4 #ad4 #gd4 ,on ! great comm&m5t see ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #djc ff4 #ge4 ,! es*atological disc\rse pres5ts s]i\s exegetical difficulties4 ,_m cut ! knot by assum+ t ,mk4 xiii4 & s conta9 a little ,jewi% apocalypse writt5 %ortly be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 :i* has be5 bl5d$ ) g5u9e pr$ictions ( ,jesus conc]n+ 8 second com+4 ,see ,*>les1 ,es*atology1 #cbc-4 #cbi2 ,wendt,l,j ,i4 #i-ba2 ,holtzmann,nt,t,h ,i4 #cbe ff42 & ,bruce's criticism 9 ,expos4 ,gk4 ,te/4 ,i4 #bhg;f41 also ,s&ay's note 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fce;f4 #gf4 ,on ! relation ( proselytes to ,judaism see ,s*rer,j,p,t,x ,,ii4 ii4 #bia-cbg4 ,! synagogue 9 hea!n l&s drew to itself by its mono!ism & its pure e?ics ! f9e/ spirits ( paganism4 ,b few ( !m1 h[ev]1 submitt$ to circumcision1 & became ?us proselytes4 ,mo/ ( !m con/itut$ ! class ( !m t fe> ,god to :om ,paul con/antly appeal$ 9 8 apo/olic mission4 ,! ,greeks ( ,jn4 xii4 #bj ff4 7 probably circumcis$ proselytes4 #gg4 ,on ,judas see ,plumm] 9 ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #gif ff42 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #dga-dgh2 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #bhe-bhi2 ,and,l,o,l by index4 ,de ,qu9cey's essay on ,judas ,isc>iot is an elaborate def5ce4 ,,vii ,! ,la/ ,supp] #gh4 ,gilbert,l,j #cce-ced2 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #bgc-cah2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #dgi-ecb2 ,and,l,o,l #dej-dig2 ,keim,j,n ,v4 #bge-cdc2 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #dcd-ddh2 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcc-fch4 #gi4 ,! day ( ! la/ supp]4 ,john seems cle>ly to place x on ! day be=e ! ,passov]--#ac ,nisan4 ,see xiii4 ,i1 #bi2 xviii4 #bh2 xix4 #ad1 #ca1 #db4 ,synopti/s z cle>ly decl>e t ! supp] 0 prep>$ on ! fir/ day ( unleav5$ bread1 :5 !y sacrific$ ! ,passov] 7,mk4 xiv4 #ab2 see also ,lk4 xxii4 #ae72 ?is is confirm$ by ! simil>ity betwe5 ! ,passov] ritual z tradition has pres]v$ x1 & ! c\rse ( ev5ts at ! supp]4 ,unless int]pretation c remove ! contradiction1 ,john mu/ h ! pref]5ce4 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #bgc-bhb1 ,beys,l,j ,,ii4 #cij-cii1 accept ,john & correct ! synopti/s by him2 ?us ! supp] anticipat$ ! ,passov]4 ,"s hold t ,john c be int]pret$ h>moni\sly ) synopti/s1 & be %[n to indicate t ! supp] 0 on ! #ad? ,nisan4 ,s ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #ejh1 #eff;f41 #fab;f42 ,and,l,o,l #deb-dha2 ,gilbert,l,j #cce-cci4 ,o!rs believe t a true int]pretation ( synopti/s %[s t 9 call+ ! la/ supp] a ,passov] !y correctly repres5t ! "*1 b misappreh5d ! "t1 ( ! meal4 ,= ?is argum5t see ,muirhead1 ,times ( ,xt1 #afc-afi1 & read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcc-fcf & 8 ref]5ces4 ,! debate is /ill on1 b ! advantage seems to be ) ^? :o assign ! supp] to ! #ac? & ! crucifixion to ! #ad? ,nisan4 #hj4 ,did ,jesus in/itute a memorial sacram5t8 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcf-fch1 & ,?ay]1 9 ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahii1 #aaj-aca2 see also ,mc,giffert1 ,apo/olic ,age1 #fh ff4 note2 ,holtzmann,nt,th ,i4 #bif-cjd4 #ha4 ,! ,passov] ritual4 ,! ord] accord+ to ! rabbis 0 ! foll[+3 ! fir/ cup ( w9e & wat] 0 tak5 by ! lead]1 :o gave ?anks ov] x1 & !n x 0 %>$ by all 7comp>e ,lk4 xxii4 #ag72 !n ! head ( ! company wa%$ 8 h&s--,dr4 ,ed]%eim connects ) ?is ! wa%+ ( ! disciples' feet1 :i* *ang$ ! c]emony f an act ( di/9ction into "o ( humble s]vice2 aft] ?is ! di%es 7 br\ght on ! table1 !n ! lead] dipp$ "s ( ! bitt] h]bs into salt wat] or v9eg>1 spoke a bless+1 & p>took ( !m1 !n h&$ !m to ea* ( ! company2 !n "o ( ! loaves ( unleav5$ bread 0 brok52 aft] ?is a second cup 0 fill$1 & be=e x 0 drunk ! significance ( ! ,passov] 0 expla9$ by ! lead] 9 reply to a "q by ! y\nge/ ( ! company1 aft] :i* ! fir/ "p ( ! ,hallel 7,ps4 cxiii41 cxiv47 0 sung1 & !n ! cup 0 drunk2 !n foll[$ ! supp] itself beg9n+ ) ! sop1--a piece ( ! pas*al lamb1 a piece ( unleav5$ bread1 & bitt] h]bs1 wrapp$ toge!r & dipp$ 9 ! v9eg>1--:i* 0 pass$ ar\nd ! company 7comp>e ! sop :i* ,jesus gave to ,judas72 aft] ! supp] came a ?ird cup1 kn[n z ! cup ( bless+ 7see ,i4 ,cor4 x4 #af72 !n foll[$ grace aft] meat2 !n a f\r? cup1 9 connection ) :i* ! rema9d] ( ! ,hallel 0 sung 7,ps4 cxv4 to cxviii471 foll[$ by c]ta9 o!r songs & pray]s4 ,see ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #dif-eab2 ,and,l,o,l #dhh-did4 #hb4 ,! wa%+ ( ! disciples' feet4 ,john 7xiii4 #a-aa7 says ?is occurr$ dur+ supp] 7v4 #b71 & be=e ! designation ( ! traitor4 ,luke 7xxii4 #bc-cj7 tells ( a dispute ab\t greatness among ! disciples4 ,?is dispute may h aris5 ov] ! assignm5t ( places at table 7comp>e ,lk4 xiv4 #g ff42 ,mk4 x4 #cc-de72 if s1 ! reason = ! lesson 9 humility is app>5t4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #dhb-dhd2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #dib-ejc4 #hc4 ,did ,jesus twice pr$ict ,pet]'s d5ials8 ,m>k 7xiv4 #bf-ca7 & ,mat!w 7xxvi4 #cj-ce7 place ! pr$iction aft] ! dep>ture = ,ge?semane2 ,luke 7xxii4 #ca-cd7 & ,john 7xiii4 #cf-ch71 dur+ ! supp]4 ,and,l,o,l #did ff4 ?9ks ,pet] 0 w>n$ twice1 ,eders,l,j,m4 ,,ii4 #ece-ecg holds to "o w>n+ on ! way to ,ge?semane4 ,antec$5t probability favors ?is view4 #hd4 ,:]e 9 ,john %\ld ! in/itution ( ! sacram5t be plac$8 ,probably aft] ! dep>ture ( ,judas 7,m>k xiv4 #ba;f42 ,matt4 xxvi4 #bf71 ?us n be=e xiii4 #cj4 ,! mo/ likely place is betwe51 v]ses #cb & #cc4 ,!re is no break at ?is po9t1 & x rema9s a my/]y :y ,john's acc\nt ( ! passion omitt$ ?is c5tral feature ( e>ly ,*ri/ian belief & practice4 ,! omission argues = r ?an aga9/ apo/olic au?or%ip1 z a =g] w\ld n h v5tur$ to disreg>d ! lead+ s]vice ( ! *ur* 9 an acc\nt ( ! life ( its ,"l4 ,see ,we/cott1 ,comm4 on ,john1 #ahh4 #he4 ,on ! possible dis>rangem5t ( ! la/ disc\rses 7xiii4 #ca to xvi4 #cc7 9 our text ( ,john see ,spitta1 ,ur*ri/5tum1 ,i4 #afh-aic2 ,bacon1 ,j\r4 ,bib4 ,lit4 #ahid1 #fd-gf2 ,burton1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahii ,i4 #cb4 ,,viii ,! ,%ad[ ( ! ,cross #hf4 ,see ,gilbert,l,j #ced-chd2 ,and,l,o,l #dig-ehh2 ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #cai-cha2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #cij-dcb1 ,,ii4 #ddh-dgc2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #ecc-fbj2 ,keim,j,n ,,vi4 #a-bgd2 ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fcb;f4 #hg4 ,on ! location ( ,ge?semane & ,golgo?a see ,and,l,o,l #dii;f41 #ege-ehh2 & ,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #afd1 #bbf;f4 #hh4 ,on ! progress ( ,jesus' trial by ! ,jewi% au?orities1 see ,and,l,o,l #eje-eaf2 ,gilbert,l,j #cei-cfc4 ,! legality ( ! trial has be5 c>efully discuss$ by ,a4 ,t4 ,innes1 ,! ,trial ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 #hi4 ,on ! =m & sequ5ce ( ,pet]'s d5ials1 see ,we/cott1 ,comm4 on ,john1 #bfc-bff2 ,and,l,o,l #eaf-eba4 #ij4 ,! ,words f ! ,cross4 ,mat!w 7xxvii4 #df7 & ,m>k 7xv4 #cd7 report "o2 ,luke 7xxiii4 #cd81 #dc1 #df7 adds ?ree1 omitt+ ! "o f\nd 9 ,mat!w & ,m>k2 ,john adds ?ree m 7xix4 #bf;f41 #bh1 #cj74 ,luke xxiii4 #cd is bracket$ by ,we/cott & ,hort because omitt$ by a v important gr\p ( ,,mss4 7,hebrew3 alepha,b,d997 & "s e>ly v]sions4 ,! say+ is almo/ c]ta9ly au!ntic1 ?\gh x may h be5 add$ to ,luke by "s e>ly copyi/4 ,see ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,n4,t4 9 ,greek1 ,,ii4 ,app5dix1 #fh2 & ,plumm]1 ,comm4 on ,luke1 #edd;f4 ,,ix ,! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion #ia4 ,read ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fch-fdc2 see ,keim,j,k ,,vi4 #bgd-chc1 = a /ill valid criticism ( ! position ( ,rville,j,n ,,ii4 #dbh-dgh2 see also ,weiss,l,x ,,iii4 #chb-dji2 ,beys,l,j ,i4 #dcc-dha1 ,,ii4 #dgd-dic2 ,bovon,n,t,th ,i4 #cej-cge2 ,gilbert,l,j #che-dje2 ,lo(s1 ,die ,auf]/ehungsb]i*te und ihr ,w]t2 ,eders,l,j,m ,,ii4 #fba-feb2 ,and,l,o,l #ehi-fci4 #ib4 ,! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,m>k 7xvi4 #i-bj7 are omitt$ by ! olde/ ,,mss 7,hebrew3 aleph,b7 & by ! rec5tly discov]$ ,s9aitic ,syriac1 z well z by o!r v]sions & fa!rs4 ,an ,arm5ian ,,ms4 has be5 f\nd ascrib+ ! section to "o ,ari/on1 or ,ari/ion1 a second c5tury eld]1 & ?is explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! v]ses is widely accept$4 ,! gospel _c h end$ ) ! words = !y 7 afraid1 b no satisfactory explanation ( ! condition ( its text has be5 f\nd4 ,= a rec5t hypo!sis see ,rohrba*1 ,d] ,s*luss des ,m>kusevangeliums2 on ,ari/ion z ! au?or1 see ,conybe>e 9 ,expos4 ,,iv4 viii4 7#ahic7 #bda1 ,,iv4 x4 #bai1 ,v4 ii4 #dja2 see also ,sanday,hast,b,d ,,ii4 #fch;f41 ,bruce1 ,expos4 ,gk4 ,te/4 ,i4 #ded;f4 ,= discussion ( textual evid5ce see ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,,nt 9 ,greek1 ,,ii4 ,app5dix1 #bh-ea1 & ,burgon1 ,! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,/4 ,m>k 7a passionate def5ce74 ,luke xxiv4 #ea is omitt$ by ,hebrew3 aleph99,d & sev]al old ,lat9 ,,mss4 ,see ,plumm] & ,bruce on ! passage4 #ic4 ,aft] ?ree days4 ,?is =mula1 :i* appe>s (t5 9 ,m>k1 is alt]$ 9 p>allels 9 ,mat!w & ,luke to on ! ?ird day 7see ,concordance74 ,jesus di$ on ,friday1 lay 9 ! tomb ov] ,saturday1 & rose v e>ly ,sunday morn+4 ,?us he sp5t a "p ( ,friday1 & a "p ( ,sunday1 & all ( ,saturday 9 ! grave4 ,accord+ to ,jewi% reckon+ ?is 0 c\nt$ ?ree days4 #id4 ,emmaus4 ,a village ab\t #fj furlongs f ,j]usalem4 ,_c h be5 ! ,emmaus 9 ! ,%ephelah1 #bj m4 f ,j]usalem4 ,may h be5 el ,kubeibeh1 #fc furlongs di/ant on ! road f ,j]usalem to ,lydda4 ,see ,and,l,o,l #fag-fai2 b also ,hast,b,d ,i4 #gjj4 ,"p ,,iii4--,! ,m9i/] ,i ,! ,fri5d ( ,m5 #ie4 ,head ,ma!ws1 ,! ,social ,tea*+s ( ,jesus1 especially #acb-agd2 see also ,rob9son1 ,! ,savi\r 9 ! ,new] ,light1 #cdc ff4 ,,ii ,! ,tea*] ) ,au?ority #if4 ,see ,wendt,t,j ,i4 #ajf-aea2 ,/ev5s1 ,!ol4 ( ! ,n4,t4 #a-af2 ,beys*lag1 ,n4,t4 ,!ology1 ,i4 #ca-cd4 ,9 p>ticul> on ! ,p>ables see ref]5ces 9 sect4 ,a #ef4 ,on ! cont5t ( ,jesus' tea*+ see ,wendt,t,j #b vols42 ,dalman1 ,die ,worte ,jesu2 ,/ev5s1 ,!ol4 ( ! ,n4,t4 #ag-bdd2 ,beys*lag1 ,n4,t4 ,!ol4 ,i4 #bg-bii2 ,ma!ws1 ,social ,tea*+ ( ,jesus2 ,gilb]t1 ,! ,revelation ( ,jesus2 ,bruce1 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,,iii ,jesus' ,k ( ,tru? #ig4 ,adamson1 ,! ,m9d 9 ,*ri/2 ,gilbert,r,j #afi;f41 #bdj-bdb2 ,s*w>tzkopf1 ,! ,prophecies ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,,iv ,jesus' ,conception ( ,himself #ih4 ,bald,s,j #abe-bhb2 ,/alk]1 ,*ri/ology ( ,jesus1 ,holtzmann,nt,th ,i4 #bcd-cjd2 ,wendt,t,j ,,ii4 #abb-ahc2 ,gilbert,r,j #afg-bbh2 ,/ev5s1 ,!ol4 ( ! ,n4,t4 #da-fd1 #aii-bab4 ,on ! title ,son ( ,man see p>ticul>ly ,dalman,w,j ,i4 #aia-bai2 ,*>les1 ,es*atology1 #bad;f4 note2 aga9/1 ,a4 ,mey]1 ,jesu ,mutt]spra*e1 #ia-aja1 & o!rs4 ,see also ,holtzmann,nt,th ,i4 #bdf-bfd4 ,on ! "n ,son ( ,god1 see ,dalman ,,wj ,i4 #bai-bcg2 ,holtzmann ,nt,th ,i4 #bfe-bgh2 ,/alk]1 ,*ri/ology1 #hf-abc2 ,gilb]t1 z above4 ,on ! p]sonal religion ( ,jesus see ,burton1 ,bib4 ,wld4 #ahii1 ,,ii4 #cid-djc4 ,= ! total impression ( ! "* ( ,jesus1 read ,bu%nell1 ,! ,"* ( ,jesus4 ,indexes ,index ( ,names & ,subjects ,ref]5ces are to pages4 non1 site (1 #bhh4 ,aft] ?ree days1 #cjg4 ,agrapha1 #cf1 #adi1 #bha4 ,&rew1 ( ,be?saida1 #ib1 #id1 #aah4 ,angels1 doctr9e (1 #aj4 ,annas1 #aia1 #aic1 #aid4 ,antipas1 #d1 #aib4 ,apocalypse1 #ag;f41 #abb1 #abd1 #bda4 ,apocryphal gospels1 #cg1 #bha1 #bhb4 ,ar*elaus1 #d1 #e4 ,ari/ion1 au?or ( ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj1 #bjd;f41 #cjf;f4 ,assumption ( ,moses1 #ge ,baptism ( ,john1 see ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,baptism ( ,jesus1 #hc-hf1 #bhc;f4 ,b>abbas1 #agd1 #aib4 ,be?any beyond ,jordan1 #ib1 #bhd4 ,be?any1 supp] at1 #afi1 #cja4 ,be?saida1 site (1 #bij4 ,books ( ref]5ce1 #bgc-bgg4 ,bre?r5 ( ,jesus1 #fc;f41 #bhc4 ,cs>ea ,philippi21 #d1 #bia4 confession at1 see ,pet]4 ,caiaphas1 #aia1 #aic1 #aid4 ,cana ( ,galilee1 #ie1 #bbb1 #bhf4 ,cananeans or ,zealots1 p>ty (1 #aa1 #gd4 ,cap]naum1 site (1 #bij4 ,c5sus "u ,quir9ius1 #aa1 #eb-ee4 ,*oraz91 site (1 #bij4 ,dalmanu?a1 #bia4 ,dalmanu?a1 ,books (1 #ag;f41 #bda1 #bed;f4 ,decapolis1 !1 #adj1 #bia4 ,d$ication1 fea/ (1 #aej1 #aed4 ,demoniac possession1 #aca-acc1 #bde-bdh1 #bii4 ,dev\t1 !1 #ac1 #ag4 ,diatess>on ( ,tatian1 #ch1 #dg1 #bha4 ,d\blets1 #dd1 #bha4 ,draughts ( fi%1 miracul\s1 #bic4 ,emmaus1 site (1 #cjg4 ,eno*1 ,book (1 #bda1 #bef-beh4 ,ephraim1 site (1 #cjj4 ,ess5es1 mann] ( liv+1 #aa-ab2 _! hope ( ,messiah1 #af2 _! settlem5t1 #gc2 relation to ,john ! ,bapti/1 #gc1 #gg4 ,five ?\s&1 ! fe$+ (1 #ace;f41 #bia4 ,gad>5es1 c\ntry (1 #bdg1 #bij;f4 ,g5ealogies ( ,jesus1 #bhb4 ,ge?semane1 #agg1 #ahf1 #ahh;f41 #bfe1 #cje4 ,golgo?a1 #cje4 ,h]od ! ,great1 #c2 began to rebuild temple1 #di2 c5sus dur+ 8 reign1 #ed4 ,h]od ,antipas1 #d1 #aib4 ,h]odians1 #ad1 #agc4 ,james1 bro!r ( ,john1 #ib1 #id1 #aah4 ,jesus1 language (1 #ai1 #fb1 #bgi2 date ( bir?1 #eb-ef2 ! miracul\s conception1 #eh-fa2 gr[?1 physical1 intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual1 #fa-ff2 8 bro!rs & si/]s1 #fd2 visit to ,j]usalem 9 8 twelf? ye>1 #ff-fh2 life 9 ,naz>e?1 #fh;f42 8 baptism1 #hc-hf2 8 temptation1 #hf-ia2 8 fir/ disciples1 #ib-ie2 at ,cana1 #ie2 8 social fri5dl9ess1 #if1 #bai;f42 ! cleans+ ( ! temple1 #ajh-aaj2 talk ) ,nicodemus1 #aaa2 ! woman ( ,sam>ia1 #aab2 cure ( nobleman's son1 #aac2 9 retirem5t 9 ,galilee1 #aac;f42 call ( f\r disciples1 #aah2 popul> en?usiasm & ph>isaic opposition1 #aai-aba2 8 )drawals & injunctions ( sil5ce1 #abb ff42 blasphemy ( ! ,ph>isees1 #abd2 ! reply to ,john's message1 #abe2 8 tw(old aim 9 ,galilee1 #abf2 8 me?od1 #abg2 ! s]mon on ! m\nt1 #abg;f42 ! p>ables1 #abh;f41 #bca;f41 #bif;f42 in/ruction ( ! twelve1 #acj1 #big2 8 mighty works1 #aca;f42 8 p]sonal influ5ce1 #acc2 ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&1 #ace;f42 ! revulsion 9 popul> feel+1 #acf2 ! controv]sy ab\t h& wa%+1 #aci2 ! )drawal to ! nor?1 #ach2 ! dem& = a sign1 #aci2 disciples w>n$ aga9/ ! ,ph>isees1 #aci2 ! "q at ,cs>ea ,philippi1 #ada;f42 comm5dation ( ,pet]1 #adc2 ann\ncem5t ( approa*+ dea?1 #add2 rebuke ( ,pet]1 #ade2 ! transfiguration1 #adf;f42 ! epileptic boy1 #adg2 rebuke ( worldly ambition1 #adg;f42 ,jesus & 8 bre?r51 #adh2 at ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 #adh2 return to ,galilee1 #aej2 f9al dep>ture f ,galilee1 #aed2 ! mission ( ! sev5ty1 #aeh2 visit to ! fea/ ( ,d$ication1 #aei2 9 ,p]ea1 #afj2 ! summons to ,be?any1 #afa;f42 (ficial det]m9ation to get rid ( him1 #afa2 at ,ephraim1 #afb2 "q ab\t divorce1 #aed2 bless+ little *ildr51 #aed2 ! ri* "y rul]1 #aed2 reque/ ( ,salome1 #afc2 ,b>timeus1 #afc2 ,zac*u1 #afc2 ano9t+ at ,be?any1 #afi2 ! ,messianic entry1 #agj;f42 ! b>r5 fig-tree1 #agb2 ! que/ions ( ! lead]s1 #agc;f42 c\nt] "q1 #age2 d5unciation ( scribes1 #age2 ! wid['s mites1 #agf2 visit ( ! ,greeks4 #agf;f42 ! es*atological disc\rse1 #agh2 b>ga9 ( ,judas1 #afi1 #agh;f42 ! la/ supp]1 #aha-ahd2 dispute & foot wa%+1 #ahd2 )drawal ( ,judas1 #ahd2 pr$iction ( ,pet]'s d5ials1 #ahe2 disc\rse & pray]1 #ahe-ahg2 ,ge?semane1 #ahh-aij2 betrayal & arre/1 #aij;f42 trial by ,jews1 #aia;f42 trial by ,pilate1 #aib-aid2 crucifixion1 #aie-aih2 burial ( ,jesus1 #aii2 ! resurrection1 #bja-baj2 ! asc5sion1 #bad;f42 ,jesus' attitude to common life1 #bai-bbc2 8 hung] = sympa?y1 #bbc2 ,jesus z a tea*]1 #bbf;f42 8 attitude to ,old ,te/am5t1 #bbg-bbi2 8 confid5ce 9 m51 #bcj;f42 8 use ( illu/ration1 #bca-bcc2 8 al]tness ( m9d1 #bcd2 8 lead+ ideas1 #bce ff42 8 sup]natural k1 #bci-bdd2 8 confession ( ignorance1 #bdc2 8 k9%ip ) m51 #bdd;f42 treatm5t ( demoniac possession1 #bde-bdh2 8 c]ta9ty ( 8 ,messianic call1 #bdi-bed2 8 adoption ( ,messianic titles1 #bed-bfd2 8 consci\sness ( dep5d5ce on ,god1 #bfd-bff2 ! problem ( ,jesus1 #bfg-bfi4 ,john1 ,gospel (1 #cb-cf1 #dj;f41 #aha1 #bhj1 #cje4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 #gj-ha2 notice by ,josephus1 #ga;f41 #bgi;f42 8 idea ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 #gc2 8 relation to curr5t ?\ght1 #gc-gf2 8 baptism1 #gg;f41 #hc2 baptism ( ,jesus1 #hb-hd2 ! embassy f ! prie/s1 #ib2 te/imony--! ,lamb ( ,god1 #ic1 #bhf2 baptiz+ at non1 #aab2 8 self-effac+ witness to ,jesus1 #gi1 #aab2 ho/ility ( ! ,ph>isees1 #aac1 #bhi2 arre/ by ,antipas1 #ga;f41 #aac2 8 message to ,jesus1 #abe2 dea? 9 prison1 #acd;f42 8 significance1 #gi-ha1 #bbf2 ! disciples ( ,john1 #aab1 #bhc2 lit]ature ab\t ,john1 #bhc4 ,john1 son ( ,zeb$ee1 #cf1 #ib1 #id1 #aah1 #aic1bfi4 ,john ( ,gis*als1 #aba4 ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 #ahb1 #aii4 ,josephus1 #bb2 notice ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 #ga1 #bgi;f4 ,judas ( ,galilee1 #aa1 #aba4 ,judas ! betray]1 #afi1 #aha1 #cjb2 ! b>ga91 #agh2 8 selection z an apo/le1 #agi2 8 criticism ( ,m>y at ,be?any1 #agi2 8 kiss1 #aij2 8 remorse1 #agi4 ,judea1 prov9ce (1 #f;f4 ,k+dom ( ,god1 #fh1 #hf1 #ij1 #agc1 #aij1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bce ff41 #bch1 #bda4 ,language us$ by ,jesus1 #ai1 #fb1 #bgi4 ,la/ supp]1 !1 #aha-ahg1 #cjc-cje4 ,lawy]s1 see ,scribes4 ,l5g? ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 #de-di4 ,lit]ature ( ! ,jews1 #ah;f41 #bgi4 ,logia1 ascrib$ to ,mat!w1 #cb1 #db1 #aeh4 ,luke1 ,gospel (1 #bf;f41 #ca;f41 #bhj4 ,m>k1 ,gospel (1 #be;f41 #bg1 #bi1 #cb1 #dj1 #db1 #bhj1 #bid;f42 la/ twelve v]ses (1 #bjd;f41 #cjf;f4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 #acd1 #bjh4 ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,jesus1 #ei2 _h o!r *ildr51 #fj1 #fc;f41 #bhc4 ,mat!w1 ,gospel (1 #bc ff41 #bg1 #cj;f41 #cb1 #bhj4 ,messianic entry into ,j]usalem1 #agj1 #cja;f4 ,messianic hope1 !1 #af-ah1 #hg1 #age1 #bgi4 ,miracles ( ,jesus1 #if1 #bfg1 #bhf;f4 ,miracul\s bir?1 !1 #eg-fa1 #bcb4 ,mission ( ! twelve1 #acj1 #big4 ,mission ( ! sev5ty1 #aeh1 #cjj;f4 ,na?anael1 ( ,cana1 #ib1 #id1 #bhf4 ,naz>e?1 ! view f1 #fe;f4 rejection at1 #bib4 ,nicodemus1 #aaa1 #aii4 ,papias1 #bb1 #bi1 #cd1 #dg1 #ajb1 #bha4 ,p>ables ( ,jesus1 #abh;f41 #bca;f41 #bif;f4 ,passov]1 !1 #aha1 #ahg1 #cjd4 ,paul1 #ba1 #cf1 #bja1 #bjf1 #bfh4 ,p5tateu*1 ,jesus' ref]5ces to1 #bdd4 ,p]ea1 #ajd1 #aec;f41 #aeh1 #bii;f4 ,pet]1 #bi1 #cd1 #ib1 #id1 #aah1 #ahe1 #aic1 #cje1 #cjf2 confession (1 #acf1 #adb ff41 #big;f4 ,ph>isees1 !1 #h-aj2 attitude to ,john ! ,bapti/1 #hb1 #aac1 #bhi2 _! blasphemy1 #abd1 #aef2 "q ab\t divorce1 #aed2 ab\t tribute1 #agc2 ab\t ! great comm&m5t1 #agd1 #cjb4 ,philip ( ,be?saida1 #ib1 #id1 #agf4 ,philip ! tetr>*1 #d4 ,pl9y ! y\ng]1 #ba4 ,pontius ,pilate1 #e1 #aib1 #aie4 ,prie/s1 !1 #g;f41 #ajg2 & ! temple m>ket1 #ajh4 ,proselytes1 #gh1 #agf1 #cjb4 ,psalms1 ,jesus' use ( !1 #bdd4 ,psalms ( ,solomon1 #ah1 #bfa4 ,publicans1 #f1 #gb1 #bbb4 ,quir9ius1 c5sus "u1 #eb-ee4 ,religion ( ,jesus1 #bfd ff41 #cjh4 ,resurrection1 ph>isaic doctr9e (1 #aj1 #bda2 ,sadducean rejection ( #aj1 #agd4 ,sadducees1 !1 #h1 #af1 #hb2 ! "q ab\t ! resurrection1 #agd1 #cjc2 attitude t[>ds ,jesus1 #aic4 ,sam>ia1 #f;f4 ,jesus' j\rney ?r\gh1 #aab4 ,sam>itans1 h[ reg>d$1 #ad4 ,sanh$r91 ! great1 at ,j]usalem1 #g1 #ac1 #aib4 ,scribes1 _! bus9ess1 #i2 p[] 9 ! sanh$r91 #ac2 _! influ5ce ov] ! religi\s life1 #ad2 _! hope ( a ,messiah1 #af2 _! wa%+s1 #gh2 *ief ( !m at ,j]usalem1 #ajg2 _! pride ( le>n+ & _! bondage to tradition1 #bbh4 ,s]mon on ! m\nt1 #abg1 #bij1 #bie;f4 ,signs1 ess5tial m>ks ( ! ,messiah1 #ie1 #aca4 ,soldi]s 9 ,pale/9e1 #f1 #gb1 #aia4 ,son ( ,man1 !1 #abd;f41 #acj;f41 #bed-bfj1 #cjh4 ,son ( ,god1 !1 #bfj-bfd1 #cjh4 ,/> ( ! wise m51 #ef4 ,suetonius1 #ba4 ,sy*>1 site (1 #bhh4 ,synagogue1 !1 #ad4 ,synoptic gospels1 #bh4 ,synoptic problem1 #bg-cb1 #bgi;f4 ,tab]nacles1 fea/ (1 #adh1 #aej1 #bih;f4 ,tacitus1 #c1 #ba1 #ed4 ,tatian1 #bc1 #ch1 #dg1 #bha4 ,taxes1 ,roman1 9 ,judea1 #f4 ,temple at ,j]usalem1 #ajg2 m>ket 9 #ajg2 cleans+ (1 #ajg1 #bhh;f4 ,temptation ( ,jesus1 #hf-ia1 #ade1 #bhd2 locality (1 #bhe2 s\rce ( ! record1 #ij1 #bhe4 ,t]tullian1 #de1 #ec4 ,?omas1 #bjh4 ,tib]ius1 #a1 #ba1 #ej4 ,traditions ( ! eld]s1 #i1 #ae;f41 #fh1 #gd1 #aci4 ,transfiguration1 !1 #adf;f41 #bib4 ,trial ( ,jesus1 !1 #aia-aie1 #cje4 ,words f ! cross1 #aif ff41 #cjf4 ,zealots1 !1 #aa1 #gd1 #abb1 #abd4 ,index ( ,scripture ,ref]5ces ,ex4 iv4 #bb #bfa xix4 #aj #gh xxiv4 #a-aa #ahc ,lev4 xii4 #h #fa xxiii4 #e-aa #dg ,num4 xxiii4 #ai #bed ,deut4 vi4 #d-i #fb viii4 #c #hh xviii4 #ae #ib xxi4 #bc #aif ,i4 ,sam4 ii4 #bf #fa ,i4 ,k+s4 xvii4 #a #gb ,,ii4 ,k+s4 i4 #h xvii4 #bd-da #ad ,ps4 ii4 #g #bfa viii4 #d #bed xxii4 #aif lxxx4 #ag #bed lxxxii4 #f #bfa ciii4 #ac #bfb cxiii41 cxiv4 #cjd cxv4 to cxviii4 #ahe1 #cjd ,isa4 i4 #af #gf vi4 #e #bfg xi4 #b #he xxxv4 #e;f4 #abf xlii4 #a #he li4 #b #bed liii4 #if1 #bci liii4 #g #ic lviii4 #gf lxi4 #a;f4 #de1 #he1 #abf lxiii4 #af #bfb ,j]4 xxxi4 #ca-cd #aaa1 #ahc ,ezek4 ii4 #a #bed xxxiii4 #aj-bj #bdj xxxvi4 #be-bg #aaa ,dan4 vi4 #aj #ajg vii4 #a-ad #bed vii4 #ac;f4 #bee viii4 #ag #bed ,hos4 i4 #aj #bfa ,joel4 ii4 #a-ad #gf ,micah4 vi4 #h #gf ,matt4 i4 #a to iv4 #ag #bc ii4 #a1 #b #eb iii4 #g #gd iii4 #i #gh iii4 #aj-ab #hb iii4 #aa #gg iii4 #ad #hb iii4 #ae #hc iii4 #af #bhe iv4 #d1 #g1 #aj #bbh iv4 #g #hi iv4 #h #ij iv4 #aj #ij1 #ade iv4 #ab #aja1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #bhi iv4 #ab-ag #bd1 #ci1 #aae iv4 #ab to xviii4 #ce #ajb iv4 #ac #ajf iv4 #ac-af #aae iv4 #ag #aah iv4 #ah-bb #ajf1 #aae iv4 #ah to xvi4 #bj #bd iv4 #bc #aae iv4 #bc-be #aae v4 #a #bij v4 #c-ab #bif v4 #ac-af #bif v4 #ag #hc1 #bbh v4 #ag-ai #bif v4 #ah #bch v4 #bj #bif v4 #ba-dh #bbh1 #bif v4 #be;f4 #bie v4 #bi;f4 #bie v4 #cb #bie v4 #ch1 #ci #bej v4 #de #bdd vi4 #a-f #hd vi4 #a-ah #fd1 #bif vi4 #b-d #agf vi4 #i-ae #d1 #aag1 #bie vi4 #ai-cd #ajc1 #bie vi4 #bd #agi vi4 #be-cd #db vii4 #a-f #bif vii4 #g-aa #aag1 #bie vii4 #ac;f4 #bie vii4 #ae-ba #bif vii4 #ba #bfb vii4 #ba-bg #bch vii4 #bb;f4 #bie vii4 #bd-bg #bif vii4 #bh1 #bi #bbf1 #bdi viii4 #b-d #aae viii4 #e #g viii4 #e1 #h #dc viii4 #e-ac #da1 #aae1 #bhh1 #bhi viii4 #aj #bdc viii4 #aj-ab #bd viii4 #ad-ag #aae viii4 #ah1 #bc-bg #aaf viii4 #ai-bb #aec viii4 #bj #bei viii4 #bh-cd #aaf ix4 #a1 #ah-bf #aaf ix4 #b-h #aae ix4 #i-ac #aae ix4 #ad-ag #aae ix4 #bg-cd #aaf ix4 #ce #aaf ix4 #cf to xi4 #a #aaf1 #aah1 #big x4 #a1 #e-ae #big x4 #e;f4 #acj x4 #g-ae #big x4 #af-db #big x4 #cb #bfb xi4 #b-f #bea xi4 #b-ai #da1 #aaf xi4 #d-f #aca xi4 #aa #hj xi4 #ah;f4 #bei xi4 #ai #if1 #bbj1 #bef xi4 #bj-bd #cja xi4 #bj-cj #aec xi4 #be-cj #cjj xi4 #bg #beb1 #bfc xi4 #bh-cj #afj xii4 #a-h #aae xii4 #i-ad #aae xii4 #ab #bbg xii4 #ae-ba #aae xii4 #bb-de #aaf1 #aef xii4 #bh #he1 #bdh xii4 #df-ej #aaf xii4 #ej #ade xiii4 #a-ec #aaf1 #bif xiii4 #bd-cj #bif xiii4 #ca-cc #dd1 #ag xiii4 #dj-dc1 #di1 #ej #bif xiii4 #ed-eh #aaf1 #bib xiii4 #ee #fa1 #fc xiv4 #a-ab #aaf xiv4 #a to xxviii4 #bj #bh xiv4 #ac-bc #ci1 #aaf1 #big xiv4 #ai #df xiv4 #ba-cf #aaf xv4 #a #dc xv4 #a-bj #aaf xv4 #ac;f4 #aej xv4 #ba-bh #aaf xv4 #ba-ca #adj xv4 #bb #bed xv4 #bd #acj xv4 #bi-ca #aag xv4 #cb-ch #aag1 #big xv4 #ci #bia xv4 #ci to xvi4 #ab #ag xvi4 #i;f4 #big xvi4 #ac-bj #id1 #aag1 #bih xvi4 #af #bfc xvi4 #af;ff4 #adb xvi4 #ag #adb1 #bbd1 #bfb xvi4 #ba #aah1 #bci xvi4 #ba-bh #aag xvi4 #ba to xxviii4 #bj #bd xvi4 #bc #bci xvii4 #a-ac #aag xvii4 #aj-ac #aic xvii4 #ad-bj #aag xvi4 #bb-bc #aag xvii4 #bd-bg #aag1 #aci xviii4 #a-ce #aag1 #adh xviii4 #d #bbj xviii4 #ab-ad #dd xix4 #a;f4 #ci1 #aec1 #aed1 #bih xix4 #a to xx4 #cd #ajd xix4 #c-i #bbh xix4 #c-ab #aec xix4 #ac-ae #aec xix4 #af to xx4 #af #aec xx4 #ag-ai #aec xx4 #bj-bh #aec xx4 #bi-cd #aec xxi4 #a-aa #aff xxi4 #a to xxvii4 #ff #ajd xxi4 #a to xxviii4 #bj #ci xxi4 #d;f4 #agj xxi4 #i-ae #bed xxi4 #ad-af #agb xxi4 #ag #aff xxi4 #ah-ai1 #ab-ag #aff xxi4 #bj-bc #aff xxi4 #bc-bg #aff xxi4 #bh to xxii4 #ad #aff1 #agc xxi4 #cc-df #be1 #beb xxii4 #a-ad #beb xxii4 #ae-bb #aff xxii4 #bc-cc #aff xxii4 #cd-df #aff1 #bch xxii4 #da-df #aff xxiii4 #a-ci #aff xxiii4 #b #ac xxiii4 #bd #bcc xxiii4 #cg-ci #cd1 #ajf xxiv4 #a to xxvi4 #b #afg xxiv4 #f-ac #aff xxv4 #agh xxv4 #cg-df #bcg xxv4 #dj #bba xxvi4 #a;f4 #adg xxvi4 #b1 #f-ac #cja xxvi4 #c-e1 #ad-af #afg xxvi4 #aa-ac #afg xxvi4 #bj #aha xxvi4 #be #bjj xxvi4 #bf #cje xxvi4 #cj1 #cf-df #afg xxvi4 #cj-ce #cje xxvi4 #dg-ef #afg xxvi4 #eg to xxvii4 #aj #afg xxvi4 #fc;f4 #bfc xxvii4 #aa-ca #afg xxvii4 #cb-ef #afg xxvii4 #dc #bfa xxvii4 #df #aig1 #cjf xxvii4 #ej #bhe xxvii4 #eg #cd xxvii4 #eg-fa #afg xxvii4 #fb-ff #afg xxviii4 #a-h #bja xxviii4 #i1 #aj #bja xxviii4 #aa-ae #bja xxviii4 #af-bj #bja1 #bjd xxviii4 #ah-bj #be ,m>k4 i4 #a-ac #bf i4 #c #gi i4 #d #gg i4 #g;f4 #ic i4 #aj #hd i4 #aa #fh1 #hd1 #bfa i4 #ad #aja1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #bhi i4 #ad;f4 #ci1 #aae i4 #ad to ix4 #ej #bf1 #ajb i4 #af-bj #aae i4 #ba-cd #aae i4 #bd #bed i4 #bg #bdi i4 #ce #bfe i4 #ce-ci #bec i4 #ce-de #aae ii4 #a-ab #dg1 #aae1 #bcj1 #bid ii4 #a-ag #dh ii4 #a to iii4 #f #dg1 #dh1 #bej1 #bjd;f4 ii4 #e #bci ii4 #f;f4 #aba ii4 #aj #bh1 #bef1 #bei ii4 #aj1 #bh & s #bef ii4 #ab #be ii4 #ac-ag #dg1 #aae1 #bid ii4 #ae-ag #if ii4 #af #dg1 #aba ii4 #ah-bb #bf1 #dg1 #aae ii4 #bj #bci ii4 #bc #dg ii4 #bc-bh #aae1 #bbi1 #bid;f4 ii4 #be-bg #bbh ii4 #bg #beg ii4 #dd #bec iii4 #a-f #bf1 #aae1 #bie iii4 #g-ab #aae iii4 #aa #bfa iii4 #ac-ai #aae1 #bie iii4 #ag1 #da #be iii4 #ai-cj #dj1 #db1 #aaf iii4 #ba1 #ca-ce #ei1 #ig iii4 #bb #cd1 #aba iii4 #bb-cj #aef iii4 #bh-cj #bea iii4 #ca-ce #ei1 #ig1 #aaf iv4 #a-cd #aaf1 #bcb1 #bif iv4 #c #fd iv4 #ab #abi iv4 #ac #abi iv4 #bf-bi #bif iv4 #ce-da #aaf v4 #a #bij v4 #a-bj #aaf v4 #g #bfa v4 #aa-ac #aci v4 #ba-dc #aaf v4 #cj-cd #bdc v4 #da #bj vi4 #a-f #dc1 #aaf1 #bib vi4 #b;f4 #bbj vi4 #f;b #aaf vi4 #g-aa #big vi4 #g-ac #aaf1 #adg vi4 #ad-bi #aaf vi4 #ae #bij vi4 #cj-cd #dg vi4 #cj-df #ci1 #dj1 #aaf1 #big vi4 #ci #df vi4 #dg-ef #aaf vii4 #a #cd vii4 #a-bc1 #dh #dh1 #aaf1 #aba1 #aci1 #bej vii4 #f-ac #bcc vii4 #h-ac #aj vii4 #aj #bdd vii4 #ac #bea vii4 #ad-bc #bch vii4 #ae #bbg vii4 #ai #acj1 #bbh vii4 #bd-cj #aaf vii4 #bg #adj vii4 #bi;f4 #bhi vii4 #ca #bia vii4 #ca-cg #aag1 #big vii4 #cd #bj vii4 #cg #be viii4 #a;f4 #ada viii4 #a-i #aag1 #big viii4 #aj #bia viii4 #aj-ba #aag viii4 #aa #if vii4 #aa-ac #aci viii4 #ad;f4 #aci viii4 #ai;f4 #big viii4 #bb-bf #aag viii4 #bg-cj #aag1 #ada1 #bih viii4 #bi #bed viii4 #ca #afh 1#bj1 #bef1 #bei viii4 #ca-cc #hg1 #bci viii4 #ca-;ix4 #a #aag1 #bif viii4 #cb;f4 #ic viii4 #cd;f4 #adg viii4 #cd to ix4 #a #adf viii4 #ch #bef1 #bei ix4 #a #bdb ix4 #b #bib ix4 #b-ac #aag ix4 #f #bh ix4 #i #adg ix4 #aj #bjc ix4 #ad-bi #aag1 #adg ix4 #ai #bbd ix4 #bi #bfe ix4 #cj-cb #aag1 #adg ix4 #ca #bjd ix4 #cc-ej #aag1 #bii ix4 #ce-cg #bcd ix4 #dc-dg #bie x4 #a #i1 #ajd1 #aec1 #aed1 #bih x4 #a to xvi4 #h #bf x4 #b-ab #aec1 #aed1 #bih x4 #e;f4 #bdd x4 #aa #aec1 #aed1 #afj x4 #ac-af #ajd x4 #ag-ca #aec1 #aee1 #afj x4 #ah #bbf x4 #ai #bbi x4 #be #bcc x4 #cb-cd #adg1 #aec1 #aee1 #afb x4 #ce-de #aec1 #aee1 #afc1 #afe1 #ahd1 #bcj1 #cjd x4 #dj #bdc x4 #db-de #bei x4 #de #bda x4 #df #afb x4 #df-eb #aec x4 #dg;f4 #bed x4 #dh 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