,,we> ,,& ,,te>1    ,,or    ,,h9ts ,,=  
,,! ,,ov]work$4    ,,by  ,s4 ,,weir     
,,mit*ell1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,h>v41     
,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,academy ,,(
 ,,sci5ces1 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,college
 ,,(  ,,physicians ,,( ,,philadelphia1  
,,etc4    ,,fif? ,,edition1  ,,?or\ghly 
,,revis$4    ,,philadelphia3  ,j4,b4    
,,lipp9cott ,,company4  ,,london3 #aj   
,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54     
,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! 
ye> #ahga1 by  ,j4,b4 ,,lipp9cott       
,,co41  ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian (     
,congress at ,wa%+ton4      ,,pr9t$ ,,by
 ,j4,b4 ,,lipp9cott ,,company1          
,,philadelphia4        ,,preface4    ,! 
rate ( *ange 9 ?is c\ntry 9 education1 9
 dress1 & 9 diet  & habits ( daily life 
surprises ev5 ! mo/ wat*ful ,am]ican    
obs]v]4 ,x is n[ b fifte5 ye>s s9ce ?is 
little book 0 writt5  z a w>n+ to a     
re/less nation possess$ ( an en]gy      
tempt$ to its  l>ge/ uses by unsurpass$ 
opportunities4 ,!re is /ill ne$ to      
repeat  & re9=ce my =m] remon/rance1 b  

,i am glad to add t s9ce ,i  fir/ wrote 
on ^! subjects !y h n only gr[n into    
importance  z que/ions ( public hygi5e1 
b va/ *anges = ! bett] h  come ab\t 9 _m
 ( our ways ( liv+1 & ev]y:]e common    
s5se is  beg9n+ to rule 9 matt]s (      
dress1 diet1 & education4    ,! ,am]ican
 ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates & ( ! com=table      
classes#a is  becom+ notably m ruddy & m
 /\t4 ,! alt]ation 9 wom5 z  to ^!      
conditions is mo/ /rik+1 &1 if ,i am n  
mi/ak51 9  ,engl& !re is a less5+ t5d5cy
 t[>ds t excess ( adipose  matt] :i* is 
/ill a surprise to ! ,am]ican visit+    
,engl& =  ! fir/ "t4    ,i %\ld sc>cely 
v5ture to ass]t s positively t ,am]icans
 _h  obvi\sly tak5 on fle% )9 a g5]ation
 if :at ,i see _h n be5  obs]v$ by _m   
o!rs4 ,x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be int]e/+ to    
ent] at  l5g? ^u a /udy ( ^! rem>kable  
*anges1 b t 7 sc>cely  )9 ! scope ( ?is 
little book4    ,footnote #a3 ,happily1 
a l>ge class ) u4              ,,we> ,,&
 ,,te>4    ,,or    ,,h9ts ,,= ,,!       
,,ov]work$4      ,_m ye>s ago#a ,i f\nd 

occasion to set be=e ! read]s (         
,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e c]ta9 ?\ghts      
conc]n+ "w 9 ,am]ica1 &  its results4   
,some:at to my surprise1 ! article      
attract$ m notice  ?an usually falls to 
! %>e ( su* pap]s1 & s9ce !n1 f  num]\s 
s\rces1 ,i h _h ! pleasure to le>n t my 
words (  w>n+ h be5 ( good s]vice to _m 
?\ghtless s9n]s aga9/  ! laws ( labor & 
( re/4 ,i h f\nd1 also1 t ! views !n    
set =? z to ! peculi> difficulties (    
m5tal & physical "w  9 ?is c\ntry are 9 
/rict accordance ) ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( 
=eign s*ol>s :o h ca/ _! lots among u2  
:ile "s ( our  be/ tea*]s h ?ank$ me =  
/at+1 f a doctor's /&-po9t1  ! evils :i*
 _! own exp]i5ce _h taught !m to see 9  
our  pres5t mode ( task+ ! bra9s ( !    
y\ng] girls4    ,footnote #a3 ,9 #ahga4 
,i hope1 !re=e1 t ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 !     
belief t 9 its new &  l>g] =m my little 
tract may aga9 claim att5tion f su* z   
ne$  its lessons4 ,s9ce x 0 meant only =
 ^!1 ,i ne$ n excuse myself  to         
physicians = its simplicity2 :ile ,i    

tru/ t c]ta9 ( my  bre?r5 may f9d 9 x   
en\gh ( orig9al ?\ght to ju/ify its     
reappe>ance1 z its /ati/ics 7 tak5 f    
manuscript notes &  h be5 pr9t$ 9 no    
sci5tific j\rnal4    ,i h call$ ^! ,h9ts
 ,,we> & ,,te>1 because ?is title cle>ly
 &  briefly po9ts out my mean+4 ,we> is 
a natural & legitimate result  ( lawful 
use1 & is :at we all h to put up ) z !  
result (  ye>s ( activity ( bra9 & body4
 ,te> is ano!r matt]3 x comes  ( h>d or 
evil usage ( body or eng9e1 ( putt+ ?+s 
to wrong  purposes1 us+ a *isel = a     
screw-driv]1 a p5knife = a gimlet4      
,long /ra91 or ! sudd5 dem& ( /r5g? f   
weakness1 causes  te>4 ,we> comes ( use2
 te>1 ( abuse4    ,! s]mon ( :i* ^!     
words are ! text has be5 prea*$ _m      
times 9 _m ways to congregations = :om !
 ,doll> ,devil _h always  a m w9n+      
eloqu5ce4 ,l _m ano!r man :o has talk$  
we>ily  to 8 fell[s ) an hone/ s5se (   
:at !y truly ne$1 ,i feel h[  va9 x is  
to hope = _m e>ne/ li/5]s4 ,yet "h & !re
 may be  m5 & wom51 ignorantly s9n+     

aga9/ ! laws by :i* !y %\ld  live or    
%\ld guide ! lives ( o!rs1 :o w p]haps  
be will+ to  he$ :at "o unbias$ ?9k] has
 to say 9 reg>d to ! dang]s (  ! way !y 
are tread+ ) s little k z to :]e x is   
lead+4    ,! man :o lives an out-door   
life--:o sleeps ) ! />s visible  above  
him--:o w9s 8 bodily subsi/5ce at fir/  
h& f ! e>?  & wat]s--is a be+ :o defies 
ra9 & sun1 has a /range s5se (  ela/ic  
/r5g?1 may dr9k if he likes1 & may smoke
 all day long1 &  feel none ! worse = x4
 ,"s su* return to ! e>? = ! means  (   
life is :at gives vigor & develop+ p[]  
to ! coloni/ ( an  old] race ca/ on a l&
 l ours4 ,a few g5]ations ( m5 liv+ 9   
su* fa%ion /ore up a capital ( vitality 
:i* acc\nts l>gely =  ! prodigal        
activity display$ by _! desc5dants1 &   
made possible  only by ! /urdy conte/ ) 
,nature :i* _! ance/ors h wag$4  ,t su* 
a life is /ill l$ by multitudes ( our   
c\ntrym5 is :at  alone s]ves to keep up 
our pri/9e =ce & en]gy4 ,are we n m]ely 
us+ ! int]e/ on ^! accumulations ( p[]1 

b also wa/efully  sp5d+ ! capital8 ,f a 
few we h gr[n to millions1 & already  9 
_m ways ! p ( ! ,atlantic coa/ pres5t ! 
peculi>ities  ( an old nation4 ,h we    
liv$ too fa/8 ,! settl]s "h1 z  else:]e1
 _h ample room1 & liv$ /urdily by _! own
 h&s1 little  tr\bl$ = ! mo/ "p ) ^?    
int5se competitions :i* make x  h>d to  
live n[adays & embitt] ! daily bread (  
life4 ,nei!r _h  !y ! ?\s& intricate    
problems to solve :i* p]plex ^? :o      
/ruggle to-day 9 our teem+ city hives4  
,above all1 educational wants  7 limit$ 
9 k9d & 9 degree1 & ! physical man &    
woman 7  :at ! gr[+ /ate mo/ ne$$4      
,h[ mu* & :at k9d ( good came ( !       
gradual *ange 9 all ^!  matt]s we well  
en\gh "k4 ,t 9 "o & ano!r way ! cruel   
competition = ! doll>1 ! new & exact+   
habits ( bus9ess1 !  rac+ spe$ :i* !    
telegraph & railway h introduc$ into    
comm]cial life1 ! new value :i* great   
=tunes h come to possess  z means t[>ds 
social advancem5t1 & ! ov]$ucation &    
ov]/ra9+ ( our "y p1 h br\ght ab\t "s   

great &  gr[+ evils1 is :at is n[ beg9n+
 to be di/9ctly felt4 ,i %\ld  l1 !re=e1
 at ! risk ( be+ t$i\s1 to re-exam9e ?is
  "q--to see if x be true t ! n]v\s     
sy/em ( c]ta9  classes ( ,am]icans is   
be+ sorely ov]tax$--& to asc]ta9 h[  mu*
 our habits1 our modes ( "w1 &1 haply1  
climatic peculi>ities1  may h to d ) ?is
 /ate ( ?+s4 ,b be=e v5tur+ anew  ^u a  
subject :i* may possibly excite         
controv]sy & indignant  comm5t1 let me  
premise t ,i am talk+ *iefly ( ! cr[d$  
portions ( our c\ntry1 ( our great t[ns1
 & especially ( _!  upp] classes1 & am  
deal+ ) ^? high] que/ions ( m5tal       
hygi5e ( :i* 9 g5]al we he> b too       
little4 ,if ! /rictures ,i  h to make   
appli$ z fully ?r\gh\t ! l&--to ,oregon 
z to ,new  ,engl&1 to ! f>m] z to !     
bus9ess man1 to ! wom5 ( !  artisan     
class z to ^? socially above !m--!n     
inde$ ,i %\ld cry1  ,god help u & ^? t  
are to come aft] u6 ,ow+ to causes :i*  
are obvi\s en\gh1 ! physical work] is   
be+ bett] & bett] paid  & less & less   

h>dly task$1 :ile j ! rev]se obta9s 9   
increas+ ratios = ^? :o live by ! l[] =m
 ( bra9-"w2 s  t ! bribe to use ! h& is 
gr[+ daily1 & pure me*anical  labor1 z  
oppos$ to t ( ! cl]k1 is be+ levell$    
upw>d )  =tunate cel]ity4    ,be=e      
attempt+ to indicate c]ta9 ways 9 :i* we
 z a p are  ov]tax+ & misus+ ! organs ( 
?\ght1 ,i %\ld be glad to h  ! privilege
 ( expla9+ ! t]ms :i* x is necess>y to  
use1 &  ( po9t+ out "s ( ! conditions "u
 :i* m5tal labor is  p]=m$4    ,! human 
body c>ries on sev]al k9ds (            
manufacture1 two (  :i*--! evolution (  
muscul> =ce or motion1 & intellection ) 
all moral activities--alone conc]n u "h4
 ,we are some:at apt to  antagonize ^!  
two sets ( functions1 & to look ^u !    
latt]1 or  bra9-labor1 z alone involv+ !
 use or abuse ( ! n]v\s sy/em4  ,b e bl[
 on ! anvil is z di/9ctly an act ( !    
n]ve c5tres  z are ! highe/ m5tal       
processes4 ,if ?is be s1 h[ or :y is x  
t excessive muscul> ex]tion--,i mean su*
 z is viol5t &  cont9u$--does n cause ! 

same appall+ effects z may be  occasion$
 by a l abuse ( ! n]ve-organs 9 m5tal   
actions (  v>i\s k9ds8 ,?is is n an     
inv>iable rule1 =1 z ,i may po9t out  9 
! way ( illu/ration h]eaft]1 ! c5tres   
:i* orig9ate or  evolve muscul> p[] d   
sometimes suff] f undue taxation2 b x is
  c]ta9ly true t :5 ?is happ5s1 ! evil  
result is r>ely z  sev]e or z la/+ z :5 
x is ! organs ( m5tal p[] t h  suff]$4  
,9 ei!r =m ( "w1 physical or m5tal1 ! w 
acts to />t !  ne$$ processes1 &        
aft]w>ds is *iefly regulative4 ,9 ! case
 (  bodily labor1 ! sp9al n]ve-c5tres   
are mo/ l>gely call$ into  action4 ,:]e 
m5tal or moral processes are involv$1 ! 
active organs  lie )9 ! cranium4 ,z ,i  
said j n[1 :5 we talk ( an ov]tax$      
n]v\s sy/em x is usually ! bra9 we ref] 
to1 & n ! sp9e2  & ! "q !re=e arises1   
,:y is x t an excess ( physical  labor  
is bett] borne ?an a l excess ( m5tal   
labor8 ,! simple  answ] is1 t m5tal     
ov]work is h>d]1 because z a rule x is  
closet or c\nt+-room or at lea/ 9-door  

"w--s$5t>y1 9 a ^w4  ,! man :o is       
int5sely us+ 8 bra9 is n collat]ally    
employ+  any o!r organs1 & ! m int5se 8 
application ! less  locomotive does he  
become4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev] a man abuses
 8  p[]s ( motion 9 ! way ( "w1 he is at
 all ev5ts enc\rag+  t collat]al        
functional activity :i* m5tal labor     
disc\rages3 he  is quick5+ ! he>t1 driv+
 ! blood ?r\gh unus$ *annels1  ha/5+ !  
brea?+ & increas+ ! secretions ( !      
sk9--all  excell5t results1 &1 ev5 if   
excessive1 bett] ?an a too incomplete   
use ( ^! functions4    ,b !re is m ?an  
?is 9 ! "q4 ,we d n "k z yet :at  is !  
co/ 9 exp5d$ mat]ial ( m5tal acts z     
comp>$ ) motor  manife/ations1 & "h1    
!re=e1 are at fault2 because1 al?\gh x  
seems s mu* slight] a ?+ to ?9k a little
 ?an to hit out )  ! p[] ( an a?lete1 x 
may prove t ! exp5diture ( n]ve  mat]ial
 is 9 ! =m] case great] ?an 9 ! latt]4  
,:5 a man uses 8 muscles1 aft] a "t     
comes ! feel+ call$  fatigue--a s5sation
 always ref]r$ to ! muscles1 & due mo/  

probably to ! deposit 9 ! tissues (     
c]ta9 sub/ances =m$  dur+ motor         
activity4 ,w>n$ by ?is we>9ess1 ! man   
takes re/--may  inde$ be =c$ to d s2 b1 
unless ,i am mi/ak51 he :o is  int5sely 
us+ ! bra9 does n feel 9 ! common use ( 
x any  s5sation ref]able to ! organ     
itself :i* w>ns him t he has  tax$ x    
en\gh4 ,x is apt1 l a well-br$ creature1
 to get into a  sort ( exalt$ /ate "u ! 
/imulus ( ne$1 s t its own]  feels amaz$
 at ! ease ( its processes & at ! s5se (
  wide-awakefulness & p[] t accompanies 
!m4 ,x is only aft]  v long misuse t !  
bra9 beg9s to h means ( say+1 ,i h  done
 en\gh2 & at ?is /age ! w>n+ comes too  
(t5 9 ! %ape  ( "s "o ( ! _m symptoms   
:i* indicate t ! organ is  already talk+
 ) ! tongue ( disease4    ,i d n "k h[  
^! views w be g5]ally receiv$1 b ,i am  
sure  t ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( _m s*ol>s w
 decide !m to be  correct2 & !y s]ve to 
make cle> :y x is t m5 may n "k  !y are 
abus+ ! organ ( ?\ght until x is already
 suff]+  deeply1 & also :]e=e ! m9d may 

n be z ru?lessly ov]work$  z ! legs or  
arms4    ,:5ev] ,i h closely que/ion$   
pati5ts or m5 ( /udi\s habits z  to ?is 
matt]1 ,i h f\nd t mo/ ( !m1 :5 9 heal?1
  recogniz$ no su* ?+ z fatigue 9 m5tal 
action1 or else ,i le>n$  t :at !y took 
= ?is 0 m]ely t physical s5se ( be+     
tir$1 :i* arises f prolong$ writ+ or    
con/ra9$ positions4 ,!  m1 ,i fancy1 any
 heal?y /ud5t reflects on ?is matt] ! m 
cle>ly w he recognize ?is fact1 t v (t5 
:5 8 bra9 is  at its cle>e/1 he pauses  
only because 8 back is we>y1 8 eyes     
a*+1 or 8 f+]s tir$4    ,?is mo/        
important "q1 z to h[ a man %all "k :5  
he has  suffici5tly task$ 8 bra91 dem&s 
a long] answ] ?an ,i c give  x "h2 &1   
un=tunately1 !re is no popul> book s9ce 
,ray's clev]  & useful ,m5tal ,hygi5e1 &
 ,feu*t]sleb5's ,dietetics ( !  ,s\l1   
bo? out ( pr9t1 :i* deals 9 a readable  
fa%ion ) ?is or  k9dr$ topics4#a ,_m m5 
are w>n$ by "s s5se ( want (  cle>ness  
or ease 9 _! intellectual processes4    
,o!rs are *eck$ by  a feel+ ( surfeit or

 disgu/1 :i* !y obey or n z !y are  wise
 or unwise4 ,"h1 = example1 is 9        
sub/ance ! evid5ce ( a  v att5tive /ud5t
 ( 8 own m5tal me*anism1 :om we h to    
?ank = _m *>m+ products ( 8 bra94 ,l mo/
 s*ol>s1 he  c sc>cely say t he ev] has 
a s5se ( bra9-tire1 because cold  h&s & 
feet & a c]ta9 re/lessness ( ! muscul>  
sy/em drive  him to take ex]cise4       
,especially :5 work+ at night1 he gets  
aft] a  "t a s5se ( disgu/ at ! "w he is
 do+4 ,b sometimes1 he  adds1 my bra9   
gets go+1 & is to be /opp$ by none ( !  
common  plans ( c\nt+1 repeat+ ,fr5*    
v]bs1 or ! l4 ,a well-kn[n  poet        
describes to me ! curi\s condition (    
excitem5t into :i* 8  bra9 is ca/ by !  
act ( compos+ v]se1 & ?9ks t ! happy    
accompli%m5t ( 8 task is foll[$ by a    
feel+ ( relief1 :i*  %[s t !re has be5  
high t5sion4    ,footnote #a3 ,see1 n[1 
,bra9-,"w & ,ov]work1 by ,h4,c4 ,wood1  
,m4,d42  also1 ,m5tal ,ov]work &        
,premature ,disease among ,public &     
,pr(essional ,m51 by ,*4 ,k4 ,mills1    

,m4,d42 also1 ,ov]work & ,sanitation  9 
,public ,s*ools1 ) ,rem>ks on !         
,production ( ,n]v\s ,disease &         
,insanity1 by ,*4 ,k4 ,mills1           
,m4,d41--,annals ( ,hygi5e1 ,septemb]1  
#ahhf4    ,"o ( our able/ m$ical s*ol>s 
reports himself to me z hav+ nev]  be5  
aw>e ( any s5sation 9 ! head1 by :i* he 
c\ld tell t he  _h work$ en\gh1 up to a 
late p]iod ( 8 college c>e]1 :51  hav+  
ov]tax$ 8 bra91 he 0 re/rict$ by 8      
advis]s to two or  ?ree h\rs ( daily    
/udy4 ,he ?us le>n$ to /udy h>d1 & ev]  
s9ce has be5 accu/om$ to execute all    
m5tal tasks at high pressure  "u int5se 
/ra9 & among ! c>es ( a great practice4 
,all 8  m9d-"w is1 h[ev]1 =c$ labor1 & x
 always results 9 a di/9ct  s5se (      
c]ebral fatigue1--a feel+ ( pressure1   
:i* is eas$ by  clasp+ 8 h&s ov] 8 head2
 & also !re is desire to lie d[n  & re/4
    ,i am n aw>e1 writes a physician (  
di/9ction1 t1 until a few  ye>s ago1 ,i 
ev] felt any s5se ( fatigue f bra9-"w   
:i* ,i  c\ld ref] to ! organ employ$4 ,!

 long] ,i work$ ! cle>] &  easi] my     
m5tal processes seem$ to be1 until1 dur+
 a "t ( great  sorr[ & anxiety1 ,i pu%$ 
my ?9k+ organs r too h>d4 ,z a  result1 
,i began to h heada*e aft] e p]iod (    
intellectual  ex]tion4 ,!n ,i lo/ p[] to
 sleep4 ,al?\gh ,i h p>tially  recov]$1 
,i am n[ always w>n$ :5 ,i h done en\gh1
 by less5+  ease 9 my "w1 & by a s5se ( 
fulness & t5sion 9 ! head4  ,!          
indications ( bra9-tire1 !re=e1 diff] 9 
diff]5t p1  & are m & m apt to be ref]r$
 to ! ?9k+ organ z x  dep>ts m & m f a  
condition ( heal?4 ,surely a full]      
record  ( ! conditions "u :i* m5 ( note 
are us+ _! m5tal  ma*9]y w\ld be ev]yway
 wor?y ( att5tion4    ,ano!r reason :y  
too prolong$ use ( ! bra9 is s mis*iev\s
 is  se5 9 a peculi>ity1 :i* is ( itself
 a pro( ( ! auto-activity  ( ! vital    
acts ( ! v>i\s organs conc]n$ 9         
intellection4 ,we  /]nly conc5trate     
att5tion on our task1 :atev] x be2 we d 
?is  too long1 or "u circum/ances :i*   
make labor difficult1 su* z  dur+       

dige/ion or :5 weight$ by anxiety4 ,at  
la/ we /op &  propose to f9d re/ 9 b$4  
,n s1 says ! ill-us$ bra91 n[  morbidly 
wide awake2 & :e!r we w or n1 ! m9d     
keeps turn+  ov] & ov] ! "w ( ! day1 !  
bus9ess or legal problem1 or  mumbl+1 s 
to speak1 "s we>isome "q 9 a fa%ion made
 useless  by ! d5ial ( full att5tion4   
,or else ! imag9ation so>s away  ) !    
unre/ful en]gy ( a demon1 conjur+ up an 
endless procession  ( brok5 images &    
disconnect$ ?\ghts1 s t sleep is utt]ly 
bani%$4    ,i h *os5 "h z examples m5 ^:
 bra9s are engag$ con/antly  9 ! high]  
=ms ( m5tal labor2 b ! difficulty (     
arre/+ at  w ! ov]task$ bra9 belongs m  
or less to e man :o ov]uses  ?is organ1 
& is ! well-kn[n initial symptom (      
num]\s morbid  /ates4 ,i h in/anc$      
s*ol>s & m5 ( sci5ce *iefly1 because    
!y1 m ?an o!rs1 are apt to /udy !       
conditions "u :i*  _! ?9k+ organs prosp]
 or falt] 9 _! "w1 & because f  !m h we 
_h ! cle>e/ acc\nts ( ?is emb>rass+     
condition (  automatic activity ( !     

c]ebral organs4 ,few ?9k]s h fail$1 ,i  
fancy1 to suff] 9 ?is way at "s "t1 & ) 
_m ! annoyance  is only too common4 ,i d
 n ?9k ! subject has receiv$ !  att5tion
 x des]ves1 ev5 f su* ?or\gh believ]s 9 
unconsci\s  c]ebration z ,maudsley4 ,z  
?is /ate ( bra9 is fatal to sleep1 &    
!re=e to ne$ful repose ( bra91 e suff]] 
has a rem$y :i*  he f9ds m or less      
available4 ,?is usually consi/s 9 "s =m 
(  ef=t to ?r[ ! ?\ghts (f ! track ^u   
:i* !y are mov+4  ,almo/ e lit]>y       
biography has "s in/ance ( ?is          
difficulty1  & "s h9t z to ! suff]]'s   
me?od ( free+ 8 bra9 f !  despotism ( a 
rul+ idea or a *a9 ( ?\ght4    ,_m ye>s 
ago ,i he>d ,mr4 ,?ack]ay say t he 0    
sometimes haunt$1  :5 8 "w 0 ov]1 by !  
creatures he himself _h summon$ into    
be+1 & t x 0 a good corrective to turn  
ov] ! pages ( a  diction>y4 ,sir ,walt] 
,scott is said to h be5 tr\bl$ 9 a      
simil>  way4 ,a great lawy]1 :om ,i     
que/ion$ lately z to ?is matt]1 told me 
t 8 cure 0 a *apt] or two ( a novel1 ) a

 cold ba? be=e  go+ to b$2 =1 said he1  
qua9tly1 ,y nev] take out ( a cold ba?  
! ?\ghts y take into x4 ,x w\ld be easy 
to multiply su*  examples4    ,look+    
broadly at ! "q ( ! influ5ce ( excessive
 &  prolong$ use ( ! bra9 ^u ! heal? ( !
 n]v\s sy/em1 we  le>n1 fir/1 t cases ( 
c]ebral exhau/ion 9 p :o live  wisely   
are r>e4 ,eat regul>ly & ex]cise freely1
 & !re is sc>ce  a limit to ! "w y may  
get out ( ! ?9k+ organs4 ,b if into  !  
life ( a man ^: p[]s are fully tax$ we  
br+ ! elem5ts (  great anxiety or worry1
 or excessive ha/e1 ! :ole ma*9]y beg9s 
at once to "w1 z x 71 ) a dang]\s am\nt 
( friction4 ,add to  ?is su* con/ant    
fatigue ( body z "s =ms ( bus9ess br+   
ab\t1 & y h all ! means ne$$ to ru9 !   
man's p[] (  useful labor4    ,i h be5  
c>eful "h to /ate t comb9$ ov]work ( m9d
 &  body is d\bly mis*iev\s1 because    
no?+ is n[ m sure 9 hygi5ic  sci5ce ?an 
t a prop] alt]nation ( physical & m5tal 
labor is  be/ fitt$ to insure a lifetime
 ( :olesome & vigor\s intellectual      

ex]tion4 ,?is is probably due to sev]al 
causes1 b pr9cipally to !  fact t dur+  
active ex]tion ( ! body ! bra9 _c be    
employ$ int5sely1 & !re=e has secur$ to 
x a /ate ( repose  :i* ev5 sleep is n   
always compet5t to supply4 ,!re is a    
,turki%  prov]b :i* occurs to me "h1 l  
mo/ prov]bs1 m or less true3  ,dream+   
goes afoot1 b :o c ?9k on horseback8    
,p]haps1 too1  !re is conc]n$ a         
physiological law1 :i*1 ?\gh some:at    
my/]i\s1 ,i may aga9 h to summon to my  
aid 9 ! way (  explanation4 ,x is kn[n z
 ! law ( ,treviranus1 its discov]]1 &   
may ?us be briefly /at$3 ,ea* organ is  
to e o!r z an excret+  organ4 ,9 o!r    
words1 to insure p]fect heal?1 e tissue1
 bone1  n]ve1 t5don1 or muscle %\ld take
 f ! blood c]ta9 mat]ials  & return to x
 c]ta9 o!rs4 ,to d ?is e organ mu/ or   
ought to  h its p]iod ( activity & (    
re/1 s z to keep ! vital fluid  9 a     
prop] /ate to n\ri% e o!r "p4 ,?is      
process 9 p]fect  heal? is a sy/em (    
mutual assurance1 & is probably ess5tial

 to a  condition ( entire vigor ( bo?   
m9d & body4    ,x has long be5 believ$ t
 maladies ( ! n]v\s sy/em are  increas+ 
rapidly 9 ! m cr[d$ portions ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates2  b ,i am n aw>e t any "o has    
/udi$ ! dea?-records to make  sure ( !  
accuracy ( ?is op9ion4 ,!re c be no     
d\bt1 ,i ?9k1  t ! palsy ( *ildr5       
becomes m frequ5t 9 cities j 9          
proportion to _! gr[? 9 population4 ,i  
m5tion x "h because1 z  x is a disease  
:i* does n kill b only cripples1 x has  
no place  9 ! mortu>y tables4 ,neuralgia
 is ano!r malady :i* has no record  !re1
 b is1 ,i suspect1 increas+ at a rapid  
rate :]ev] our p  are cr[d$ toge!r 9    
t[ns4 ,p]haps no o!r =m ( sickness is s 
sure an indication ( ! developm5t ( !   
n]v\s temp]am5t1 or  t condition 9 :i*  
!re are bo? feebl5ess & irritability (  
! n]v\s sy/em4 ,b ! mo/ unque/ionable   
pro( ( ! increase (  n]v\s disease is to
 be look$ = 9 ! dea? /ati/ics ( cities4 
,!re1 if any:]e1 we %all f9d evid5ce ( !
 fact1 because !re we  f9d 9 exagg]at$  

%apes all ! evils ,i h be5 def9+4 ,! be/
  mode ( te/+ ! matt] is to take !      
/ati/ics ( "s l>ge city  :i* has gr[n f 
a c\ntry t[n to a va/ bus9ess hive )9 a 
v few ye>s4 ,*icago fulfils ^!          
conditions precisely4 ,9 #aheb x  numb]$
 #di1djg s\ls4 ,at ! close ( #ahfh x _h 
rea*$ to #beb1jed4  ,)9 ^! ye>s x has   
become ! ke5e/ & mo/ wide-awake  bus9ess
 c5tre 9 ,am]ica4 ,i owe to ! k9dness ( 
,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,rau*1  ,sanit>y ,sup]9t5d5t
 ( ,*icago1 manuscript records1 hi!rto  
unpubli%$1 ( its dea?s f n]v\s disease1 
z well z !  /atem5t ( ea* ye>'s total   
mortality2 s t ,i h x 9 my p[]  to %[ ! 
increase ( dea?s f n]ve disord]s        
relatively to !  annual loss ( life f   
all causes4 ,i possess simil> details z 
to  ,philadelphia1 :i* seem to admit ( !
 same conclusions z ^? drawn  f !       
figures ,i h us$4 ,b "h ! evil has      
increas$ m  sl[ly4 ,let u see :at /ory  
^! figures w tell u = ! ,we/]n  city4   
,unluckily1 !y are r dry tale-tell]s4   
,! hone/ use ( ! mortu>y /ati/ics ( a   

l>ge t[n is no easy  matt]1 & ,i mu/    
!re=e ask t ,i may be suppos$ to h tak5 
e possible precaution 9 ord] n to       
exagg]ate ! reality ( a  great evil4    
,c]ta9 diseases1 su* z apoplexy1 palsy1 
epilepsy1 ,/4  ,vitus's dance1 & lockjaw
 or tetanus1 we all agree to consid] z  
n]v\s maladies2 convulsions1 & ! va/    
numb] ( cases kn[n 9  ! dea?-li/s z     
dropsy ( ! bra91 effusion on ! bra91    
etc41 are  to be look$ ^u ) m d\bt4 ,!  
=m]1 z e doctor kn[s1  are1 9 a va/     
proportion ( in/ances1 due to direct    
disease ( !  n]ve-c5tres2 or1 if n to   
?is1 !n to su* a condition (            
irritability ( ^! p>ts z makes !m too   
ready to orig9ate spasms  9 response to 
causes :i* di/urb ! extremities ( !     
n]ves1 su*  z tee?+ & ! l4 ,?is t5d5cy  
seems to be fo/]$ by ! air  & habits (  
great t[ns1 & by all ! ag5cies :i* 9 ^! 
places  depress ! heal? ( a community4  
,! o!r class ( diseases1 z  dropsy ( !  
bra9 or effusion1 probably includes a   
numb] ( maladies1  due "s ( !m to       

scr(ula1 & to ! pr$ispos+ causes ( t    
disease2 o!rs1 to ! k9d ( influ5ces :i* 
seem to favor  convulsive disord]s4     
,less surely ?an ! =m] class c ^! be    
look$ ^u z true n]v\s diseases2 s t 9   
speak+ ( !m ,i am  c>eful to make       
sep>ate m5tion ( _! increase1 :ile ?9k+ 
x  "r on ! :ole to include 9 ! g5]al    
summ>y ( ?is gr[? (  n]ve disord]s ?is  
p>tially d\btful class4    ,tak+ ! ye>s 
#aheb to #ahfh1 inclusive1 x w be f\nd t
 !  population ( ,*icago has increas$   
#e4a times & ! dea?s f all  causes #c4g 
times2 :ile ! n]ve dea?s1 includ+ !     
d\btful class  labell$ 9 ! reports z    
dropsy ( ! bra9 & convulsions1 h  ris5  
to #bj4d times :at !y 7 9 #aheb4 ,?us 9 
#aheb1 '#ec1 & '#ee1  leav+ out ! *ol]a 
ye> '#ed1 ! dea?s f n]ve disord]s 7     
respectively to ! :ole population z #a 9
 #aadi1 #a 9 #iec1 & #a 9  #ida2 :il/ 9 
#ahff1 '#fg1 & '#fh1 !y 7 #a 9 #eje1 #a 
9 #dae4g1 & #a  9 #bhg4h4 ,/ill omitt+  
#ahed1 ! av]age proportion ( neural     
dea?s  to ! total mortality 01 9 ! five 

ye>s beg9n+ ) #aheb1 #a 9  #bf4a4 ,9 !  
five latt] ye>s /udi$--t is1 f #ahfd to 
#ahfh1  inclusive--! proportion 0 #a    
n]ve dea? to e #i4i ( all dea?s4    ,i h
 allud$ above to a class ( dea?s includ$
 9 my tables1 b  conta9+1 no d\bt1      
in/ances ( mortality due to o!r causes  
?an  disease ( ! n]ve-organs4 ,?us _m   
:i* are /at$ to h be5  ow+ to           
convulsions ought to be plac$ to ! cr$it
 ( tub]cul>  disease ( ! bra9 or to he>t
 maladies2 b ev5 9 ! practice (  m$ic9e 
! di/9ction z to cause _c always be     
made2 & z a  l>ge proportion ( ?is loss 
( life is really ow+ to bra9            
affections1 ,i h ?\ght be/ to include ! 
:ole class 9 my  /atem5t4    ,a glance  
at ! individual diseases :i* are        
indubitably n]v\s is  m in/ructive &    
less p]plex+4 ,= example1 tak+ ! extreme
  ye>s1 ! rec5t increase 9 apoplexy is  
rem>kable1 ev5 :5 we  rememb] t x is a  
malady ( middle & lat] life1 & t        
,*icago1  a new city1 is !re=e entitl$  
to a ye>ly increas+ quantity (  ?is =m (

 dea?4 ,9 #ahfh ! numb] 0 #h4f times    
great] ?an 9  #aheb4 ,convulsions z a   
dea? cause _h 9 #ahfh ris5 to #bb times 
z _m  z 9 ! ye> #aheb4 ,epilepsy1 "o ( !
 mo/ m>k$ ( all n]v\s  maladies1 is m   
free f ! difficulties :i* belong to !   
la/-m5tion$ class4 ,9 #aheb & '#ec !re 7
 b two dea?s f  ?is disease2 9 ! next   
f\r ye>s !re 7 none4 ,f #aheh to '#fd1  
inclusive1 !re 7 9 all #f epileptic     
dea?s3 !n we h 9 !  foll[+ ye>s1 #e1 #c1
 #aa2 & 9 #ahfh ! numb] _h increas$ to  
#ag4  ,pass+ ov] palsy1 :i*1 l apoplexy1
 increases 9 #ahfh1--h4f times  z comp>$
 ) #aheb2 & #bf times z comp>$ ) ! f\r  
ye>s  foll[+ #aheb1--we come to lockjaw1
 an unmi/akable n]ve malady4 ,six  ye>s 
out ( ! fir/ elev5 give u no dea? f ?is 
pa9ful  disease2 ! o!rs1 up to #ahfd1   
(f] ea* "o only1 & !  la/-m5tion$ ye>   
has b two4 ,!n ! numb] rises to #c ea*  
ye>1  to #e 9 #ahfg1 & to #ab 9 #ahfh4  
,at fir/ sight1 ?is record (  mortality 
f lockjaw w\ld seem to be conclusive1   
yet x is p]haps1  ( all ! maladies      

m5tion$1 ! mo/ deceptive z a means (    
det]m9+ ! gr[? ( neural diseases4 ,to   
make ?is cle> to !  g5]al read]1 he ne$ 
only be told t tetanus is ne>ly always  
caus$ by me*anical injuries1 & t !      
natural increase ( ^! 9  a place l      
,*icago may acc\nt = a l>ge "p ( !      
increase4 ,yet1  tak+ ! record z a :ole1
 & view+ x only ) a calm desire to  get 
at ! tru?1 x is n possible to avoid see+
 t ! gr[? (  n]ve maladies has be5      
inord9ate4    ,! indu/ry & en]gy :i* h  
built ?is great city on a morass1  &    
made x a va/ c5tre ( insatiate comm]ce1 
are n[ at "w to  und]m9e ! n]v\s sy/ems 
( its re/less & eag] p1#a )  :at result 
,i h "h tri$ to po9t out1 *iefly because
 x is an  illu/ration 9 ! mo/ conc5trat$
 =m ( causes :i* are at "w  else:]e     
?r\gh\t ! l&4    ,footnote #a3 ,i ask$  
two citiz5s ( ?is uneasy t[n--on ! same 
day--:at 0 _! bus9ess4 ,bo? repli$      
tranquilly t !y 7  speculators6    ,!   
facts ,i h giv5 e/abli% !               
disproportionate increase 9 "o  great   

city ( ^? diseases :i* are l>gely       
produc$ by ! /ra9 on  ! n]v\s sy/em     
result+ f ! toils & competitions ( a    
community gr[+ rapidly & /imulat$ to its
 utmo/ capacity4  ,probably ! same rule 
w\ld be f\nd to apply to o!r l>ge t[ns1 
b  ,i h n _h "t to /udy ! /ati/ics ( any
 ( !m fully2 &1  = reasons already giv51
 ,*icago may be tak5 z a typical        
illu/ration4    ,x 7 int]e/+ to-day to  
"q ! lat] /ati/ics ( ?is  great         
bus9ess-c5tre2 to see if ! answ]s w\ld  
weak5 or re9=ce  ! conclusions drawn 9  
#ahga4 ,i h se5 x anew ( late ) its     
population ( #gjj1jjj s\ls4 ,x is a     
place to-day to excite wond]1 &  pity1 &
 fe>4 ,all ! tides ( its life move )    
bu/l+ swiftness4  ,n[h]e else are !     
/reets m full1 & n[h]e else are ! faces 
s expressive ( preoccupation1 ( anxiety1
 ( excitem5t4 ,x is mak+  money fa/ &   
accumulat+ a physiological debt ( :i* t 
bitt]  cr$itor1 ! future1 w "o day dem& 
paym5t4    ,if ,i h made myself         
und]/ood1 we are n[ prep>$ to apply "s (

  our k to ! solution ( c]ta9 awkw>d    
que/ions :i* =ce  !mselves daily ^u !   
att5tion ( e ?\ghtful & obs]vant        
physician1 & h ?us op5$ a way to !      
discussion ( ! causes  :i*1 z ,i        
believe1 are deeply affect+ ! m5tal &   
physical heal?  ( work+ ,am]icans4 ,"s (
 ^! are due to ! climatic conditions  "u
 :i* all "w mu/ be done 9 ?is c\ntry1 "s
 are out-gr[?s  ( our modes ( labor1 &  
"s g back to social habitudes &         
defective me?ods ( e>ly educational     
tra9+4    ,9 /udy+ ?is subject1 x w n   
answ] to look only at ! causes  (       
sickness & weakness :i* affect ! male   
sex4 ,if ! mo!rs ( a  p are sickly &    
weak1 ! sad inh]itance falls ^u _!      
(fspr+1 & ?is is :y ,i mu/ deal fir/1   
h[ev] briefly1 ) !  heal? ( our girls1  
because x is "h1 z ! doctor well kn[s1 t
  ! tr\ble beg9s4 ,ask any physician (  
y\r acqua9tance to sum up  ?\ghtfully ! 
"y girls he kn[s1 & to tell y h[ _m 9   
ea*  score are fit to be heal?y wives & 
mo!rs1 or 9 fact to be wives  & mo!rs at

 all4 ,i h be5 ask$ ?is "q myself v (t51
  & ,i h he>d x ask$ ( o!rs4 ,! answ]s  
,i am n go+ to give1  *iefly because ,i 
%\ld n be believ$--a disagreeable       
position1 9  :i* ,i %all n delib]ately  
place myself4 ,p]haps ,i ought to add t 
! replies ,i h he>d giv5 by o!rs 7      
appall+4    ,next1 ,i ask y to note     
c>efully ! expression & figures ( !  "y 
girls :om y may *ance to meet 9 y\r     
walks1 or :om y may  obs]ve at a conc]t 
or 9 ! ball-room4 ,y w see _m v  *>m+   
faces1 ! l ( :i* ! _w _c mat*--figures  
some:at too sp>e ( fle%1 &1 especially  
s\? ( ,rhode ,isl&1 a  m>vell\s         
littl5ess ( h& & foot4 ,b look fur!r1 & 
especially among ,new ,engl& "y girls3 y
 w be /ruck ) a  c]ta9 h>dness ( l9e 9  
=m & feature :i* %\ld n be se5  betwe5  
?irte5 & eighte51 at lea/2 & if y h an  
eye :i*  rejoices 9 ! t9ts ( heal?1 y w 
too (t5 miss !m on !  *eeks we are n[ s 
d>+ly criticis+4 ,i d n want to d m ?an 
is ne$$ ( ?is ungraci\s talk3 suffice x 
to say t multitudes (  our "y girls are 

m]ely pretty to look at1 or n t2 t _!   
de/9y is ! %awl & ! s(a1 neuralgia1 weak
 backs1 & ! v>i$  =ms ( hy/]ia1--t      
dome/ic demon :i* has produc$ untold    
discom=t 9 _m a h\sehold1 &1 ,i am almo/
 ready to say1 z mu*  unhapp9ess z !    
husb&'s dram4 ,my phrase may seem       
outrage\sly  /rong1 b only ! doctor kn[s
 :at "o ( ^! self-made invalids  c d to 
make a h\sehold wret*$4 ,mrs4 ,gradgr9d 
is1 9 fiction1 !  only successful       
portrait ( ?is type ( mis]y1 ( ! woman  
:o we>s  out & de/roys g5]ations ( nurs+
 relatives1 & :o1 z ,w5dell  ,holmes has
 said1 is l a vampire1 suck+ sl[ly !    
blood ( e  heal?y1 helpful creature )9  
rea* ( h] dem&s4    ,if any read] d\bts 
my /atem5t z to ! physical failure ( our
  city-br$ wom5 to fulfil all ! natural 
functions ( mo!rs1 let him  contra/ !   
p[] ( ! rec5tly import$ ,iri% or ,g]mans
 to nurse  _! babies a full t]m or      
long]1 ) t ( ! native wom5 ev5  ( our   
me*anic classes4 ,x is difficult to get 
at full /ati/ics z to  ^? a high] social

 degree1 b ,i suspect t n ov] "o-half   
are  compet5t to nurse _! *ildr5 a full 
ye> )\t !mselves  suff]+ gravely4 ,i    
ought to add t our wom51 unlike ladies  
abroad1  are usually anxi\s to nurse _! 
own *ildr51 & m]ely _c4 ,!  num]\s      
artificial infant foods n[ = sale       
s+ul>ly prove ! tru?  ( ?is latt]       
/atem5t4 ,_m physicians1 ) :om ,i h     
talk$ (  ?is matt]1 believe t ,i d n    
ov]/ate ! evil2 o!rs ?9k t  two-?irds   
may be f\nd reliable z nurses2 :ile !   
rural doctors1 :o  h repli$ to my       
qu]ies1 /ate t only f "o-t5? to         
?ree-t5?s ( f>m]s' wives are unequal to 
?is natural dem&4 ,!re  is inde$ little 
d\bt t ! mass ( our wom5 possess t      
peculi>  n]v\s organization :i* is      
associat$ ) great excitability1 &1      
un=tunately1 ) less physical vigor ?an  
is to be f\nd1 =  example1 9 ! /urdy    
,engli% dames at :om ,haw?orne sne]$ s  
bitt]ly4 ,& :at are ! causes to :i* ^!  
peculi>ities are to be  laid8 ,!re are  
_m :o w say t late h\rs1 /yles ( dress1 

prolong$ danc+1 etc41 are to blame2 :ile
 really1 ) r>e  exceptions1 ! new]      
fa%ions h be5 m heal?y ?an ^? !y        
sup]s$$1 p are bett] clad & bett] w>m$  
?an ev]1 &1  save 9 r>e cases1 late h\rs
 & ov]ex]tion 9 ! dance are utt]ly      
incapable ( alone expla9+ ! mis*ief4 ,i 
am f> m incl9$ to  believe t climatic   
peculi>ities h =m$ ! gr\ndwork ( !      
evil1 & enabl$ e injuri\s ag5cy to      
produce an effect :i*  w\ld n 9 "s o!r  
c\ntries be s sev]e4 ,i am q p]suad$1   
inde$1 t ! developm5t ( a n]v\s         
temp]am5t is "o ( ! _m  race-*anges :i* 
are also giv+ u facial1 vocal1 & o!r    
peculi>ities d]iv$ f none ( our ance/ral
 /ocks4 ,if1 z ,i  believe1 ?is *ange ( 
temp]am5t 9 a p com+ l>gely f !         
phlegmatic races is to be se5 mo/       
rem>kably 9 ! m n]v\s sex1  x w n       
surprise u t x %\ld be fo/]$ by _m      
causes :i*  are fully )9 our own        
control4 ,giv5 su* a t5d5cy1 disease w  
f9d 9 x a ready prey1 want ( ex]cise w  
fatally increase x1 &  all ! follies (  

fa%ion w aid 9 ! "w ( ru94    ,:ile a "p
 ( ! mis*ief lies ) climatic conditions 
:i* are  utt]ly my/]i\s1 ! ob/acles to  
physical ex]cise1 aris+ f  extremes (   
temp]ature1 con/itute at lea/ "o obvi\s 
cause ( ill  heal? among wom5 9 our     
c\ntry4 ,! great heat ( summ]1 & !  slu%
 & ice ( w9t]1 int]f]e ) wom5 :o wi% to 
take ex]cise1  b ^: arrangem5ts to g    
out-(-doors involve wond]ful *anges (   
dress & an am\nt ( prep>ation appall+ to
 ! mascul9e creature4    ,! "t tak5 = ! 
m s]i\s in/ruction ( girls ext5ds to !  
age ( n9ete51 & r>ely ov] ?is4 ,dur+ "s 
( ^! ye>s !y  are und]go+ su* organic   
developm5t z r5d]s !m rem>kably         
s5sitive4 ,at sev5te5 ,i presume t      
heal?y girls are z well able  to /udy1 )
 prop] precautions1 z m52 b be=e ?is "t 
ov]use1 or ev5 a v /eady use1 ( ! bra9  
is 9 _m dang]\s to  heal? & to e        
probability ( future womanly usefulness4
    ,9 mo/ ( our s*ools ! h\rs are too  
_m1 = bo? girls & boys4  ,f n9e until   
two is1 ) u1 ! common s*ool-"t 9 private

  sem9>ies4 ,! usual recess is tw5ty    
m9utes or half an h\r1 & x  is n z a    
rule fill$ by en=c$ ex]cise4 ,9 c]ta9   
s*ools--w\ld  x 7 common6--t5 m9utes'   
recess is giv5 aft] e h\r2 & 9  ! ,bl9d 
,asylum ( ,philadelphia ?is "t is tak5  
up by light  gymna/ics1 :i* are         
obligatory4 ,to ^! h\rs we mu/ add ! "t 
sp5t 9 /udy out ( s*ool4 ,?is1 = "s     
reason1 ne>ly always  exce$s ! "t /at$  
by tea*]s to be necess>y2 & mo/ girls ( 
our common s*ools & normal s*ools betwe5
 ! ages ( ?irte5 &  sev5te5 ?us exp5d   
two or ?ree h\rs4 ,does any physician   
believe  t x is good = a gr[+ girl to be
 s occupi$ sev5 or eight  h\rs a day8 or
 t x is "r = h] to use h] bra9s z long a
  "t z ! me*anic employs 8 muscles8 ,b  
?is is only a "p (  ! evil4 ,!          
multiplicity ( /udies1 ! numb] (        
tea*]s1--ea*  eag] to get ! mo/ he c out
 ( 8 pupil1 ! sev]] drill ( our  day1 & 
! great] int5sity ( application dem&$1  
produce effects  on ! gr[+ bra9 :i*1 9 a
 va/ numb] ( cases1 c be only  disa/r\s4

    ,my rem>ks apply ( c\rse *iefly to  
public s*ool life4 ,i am glad to  say t 
( late 9 all ( our be/ s*ool ,/ates m   
?\ght is n[  be+ giv5 to ?is subject1 b 
we h mu* to d be=e an evil :i*  is p>tly
 a s*ool difficulty & p>tly a home      
difficulty %all h  be5 fully provid$    
aga9/4    ,c>eful read+ ( our           
,p5nsylvania reports & ( ^? (           
,massa*usetts conv9ces me t :ile 9 !    
c\ntry s*ools ov]work is  r>e1 9 ^? ( ! 
cities x is m common1 & t ! sy/em (     
pu%+1--( competitive exam9ations1--(    
rank+1 etc41 is 9 a  measure responsible
 = t worry :i* adds a dang]\s elem5t to 
"w4    ,! foll[+ rem>ks z to ! influ5ce 
( home life 9 ,massa*usetts  are n out (
 place "h1 & w be re9=c$ by :at is to be
 said  f>!r on by a compet5t au?ority z 
to ,philadelphia3    ,! dang] ( ov]work1
 ,i believe1 exi/s ma9ly1 if n :olly1 9 
grad$ s*ools1 :]e l>ge numb]s are taught
 toge!r1 :]e !re is  great] competition 
?an 9 ungrad$ s*ools1 & :]e ! "w ( ea*  
pupil _c be s easily adju/$ to 8        

capacity & ne$s4 ,& :at  are ! facts 9  
^! s*ools8 ,i am prep>$ to agree ) a    
rec5t  ,london ,s*ool ,bo>d ,report s f>
 z to say t 9 "s ( our grad$  s*ools !re
 are pupils :o are ov]work$4 ,! numb] 9 
any s*ool  is1 ,i believe1 small :o are 
/imulat$ beyond _! /r5g?1 & !  s*ools   
are few 9 :i* su* extreme /imulation is 
enc\rag$4 ,:51  ) a l>ge class ( *ildr5 
^: m9ds are naturally quick &  active1 !
 tea*] resorts to ! daily m>k+ (        
recitations1 to !  giv+ ( extra cr$its =
 extra "w done1 to rank+1 & to hold+  up
 ! dang] ( non-promotion be=e ! pupils2 
& :51 add$ to  ^? extra inducem5ts to   
"w1 !re are giv5 by committees &        
sup]9t5d5ts exam9ations = promotion at  
regul> int]vals1 x  w\ld be v /range if 
!re 7 n "s pupils s weak & s            
susceptible z to be enc\rag$ to "w      
beyond _! /r5g?4 ,!re is  ano!r occasion
 ( ov]work :i* ,i h f\nd 9 a few s*ools1
 &  t is ! sp5d+ ( ne>ly all ( ! s*ool  
"t 9 recitation &  putt+ (f /udy to     
extra "t at home4 ,:51 9 a s*ool ( =ty  

or  m1 pupils belong to ! same class1 & 
are n sep>at$ into  divisions =         
recitation & /udy1 !re is a temptation  
to sp5d !  great] "p ( ! "t 9 recitation
 :i* few tea*]s c resi/2  & if tasks are
 giv51 !y h to be le>n$ out ( s*ool or n
 at  all4 ,pupils ( gramm> s*ools are   
kn[n to feel oblig$ to /udy two or  ?ree
 h\rs daily f ?is cause at a "t :5 !y   
%\ld be  sleep+1 or ex]cis+ 9 ! op5 air4
 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x is n  s mu*       
ov]work z ov]worry t mo/ affects ! heal?
 ( !  *ild1--t worry :i* may n always be
 trac$ to any fault ( sy/em  or tea*]1 b
 :i*1 x mu/ be admitt$1 is too (t5      
induc$ by  enc\rag+ wrong motives to    
/udy4    ,9 mak+ up ! v]dict we mu/ n   
=get t o!rs besides !  tea*] may be     
responsible = ov]work & ov]worry4 ,!    
p>5ts &  pupils !mselves are q z (t5 to 
blame z are ! tea*]s4 ,an  unwill+ness  
on ! "p ( pupils to review "w imp]fectly
 done1 &  a desire on ! "p ( p>5ts to h 
_! *ildr5 get into a high]  class1 or to
 graduate1 frequ5tly cause pupils to    

cram = exam9ations  & to "w unduly at a 
"t :5 ! body is lea/ able to be> !      
extra /ra94 ,aga91 *ildr5 are frequ5tly 
requir$ to take extra  lessons 9 music  
or "s o!r /udy at home1 ?us depriv+ !m (
  ne$$ ex]cise & recreation1 or exhau/+ 
n]v\s en]gy :i* is  ne$$ = _! regul>    
s*ool "w4    ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ?is *>ge
 aga9/ p>5ts ,i d n speak  ( ^? causes (
 ill heal? :i* really h no?+ to d )     
ov]work1 b :i* are (t5times =gott5 :5 a 
s*ool-boy or girl  breaks d[n4 ,i allude
 to ! eat+ ( improp] & un:olesome food1 
to  irregul>ity ( eat+ & sleep+1 to     
att5dance ^u p>ties &  o!r places (     
amusem5t late at night1 to smok+1 & to !
  indulg5ce ( o!r habits :i* t5d to     
unduly excite ! n]v\s  sy/em4 ,= v      
obvi\s reasons ^! causes ( disease are n
  br\ght prom95tly =w>d by ! att5d+     
physician1 :o d\btless  ?9ks x saf] & m 
flatt]+ to 8 patrons to say t ! *ild    
has brok5 d[n f h>d /udy1 r ?an f       
excesses :i* are  some:at discr$itable4 
,:ile p>5ts are cle>ly to blame =       

endang]+ heal? 9 ! ways indicat$1 x may 
be a "q :e!r  ! "w requir$ to be done 9 
s*ool %\ld n be regulat$  accord+ly2    
:e!r1 9 designat+ ! /udies to be tak51 &
 9  assign+ lessons1 !re %\ld n be tak5 
into consid]ation all !  circum/ances ( 
! pupil's life :i* c be conv5i5tly      
asc]ta9$1  ev5 ?\gh ^? circum/ances are 
mo/ unfavorable to s*ool "w &  are      
br\ght ab\t ma9ly ?r\gh ! ignorance or  
folly ( p>5ts4 ,(  c\rse !re is a limit 
to su* an adju/m5t ( "w 9 s*ool1 b  )   
prop] caution & a good und]/&+ ) ! p>5ts
 !re ne$  be little dang] ( advantage   
be+ tak5 by an indol5t *ild2 nor ne$  ! 
s*ool be affect$ :5 x is und]/ood to be 
a sign ( weakness  r ?an ( favor to any 
p>ticul> pupil to less5 8 "w4 ,n        
unfrequ5tly !re are f\nd o!r causes (   
ill heal? ?an ^? :i*  ,i h m5tion$2 su*1
 = in/ance1 z poor v5tilation1 ov]heat+ 
( ! s*ool-room1 draughts ( cold air1 & !
 l2 n to speak (  ! annual public       
exhibition1 ) ! possible n]v\s excitem5t
  att5d+ x4 ,all ( ^! ?+s are m5tion$1 n

 because !y belong  directly to ! "q (  
ov]work1 b because x is well1 9         
consid]+ ! "q1 to keep 9 m9d all        
possible causes ( ill  heal?1 t no "o   
cause may be unduly emphasiz$4#a        
,footnote #a3 ,=ty-n9? ,annual ,report (
 ! ,massa*usetts ,bo>d (  ,education1 p4
 #bjd 7,john ,t4 ,pr9ce74    ,9 private 
s*ools ! same k9d ( ?+ goes on1 ) !     
addition (  =eign languages1 & "u ! dull
 spur ( discipl9e1 )\t !  aid ( any su* 
necessities z /imulate ! pupils ( :at we
 are  pleas$ to call a normal 767 s*ool4
    ,9 private s*ools = girls ( :at ,i  
may call ! leisure class (  society     
ov]work is ( c\rse mu* m r>e ?an 9 our  
normal s*ools  = girls1 b ! precoci\s   
claims ( social life & ! indiff]5ce  (  
p>5ts z to h\rs & sy/ematic liv+        
ne$lessly add to !  ev]-pres5t          
difficulties ( ! s*ool-tea*]1 ^: control
 ceases  :5 ! pupil passes out ( h]     
h\se4    ,z to ! s*ool 9 :i* bo? sexes  
are educat$ toge!r a ^w may be  said4   
,surely no sy/em c be worse ?an t :i*   

complicates a  difficult problem by tak+
 two sets ( be+s ( diff]5t gifts1 &  (  
unlike physiological ne$s & con/ruction1
 & =c+ !m into  ! same educational m\ld4
    ,x is a wrong = bo? sexes4 ,n mu*   
unlike ! boy 9 *ildhood1  !re comes a "t
 :5 9 ! rapid evolution ( pub]ty ! girl 
becomes = a :ile m ?an ! equal ( ! lad1 
&1 ow+ to h]  consci5ti\sness1 8 moral  
sup]ior1 b at ?is era ( h] life %e  is  
weight$ by p]iodical disabilities :i*   
become ne$lessly h>d to  consid] 9 a    
s*ool meant to be bo? home & s*ool = bo?
 sexes4  ,f9ally1 !re comes a "t :5 !   
matur$ man c]ta9ly surpasses !  woman 9 
p]si/5t en]gy & capacity = unbrok5      
bra9-"w4 ,if !n  %e mat*es h]self aga9/ 
him1 x w be1 ) "s exceptions1 at  bitt] 
co/4    ,x is sad to ?9k t ! dem&s (    
civiliz$ life are mak+ ?is  conte/ almo/
 unavoidable4 ,ev5 if we admit equality 
( intellect1 !  /ruggle ) man is cruelly
 unequal & is to be avoid$ :5ev] x is   
possible4    ,! colleges = wom51 su* z  
,vass>1 are n[adays m c>eful ?an  !y 74 

,inde$1 _! ma*9]y = gu>d+ heal? :ile    
education  ( a high class goes on is    
admirable4 ,:at !y /ill lack is a       
correct  public feel+4 ,! /&>d = heal? &
 endurance is too mu* t  :i* w\ld be    
normal = "y m51 & ! s5tim5t ( ^! gr\ps  
( wom5 is sil5tly oppos$ to admitt+ t ! 
fem99e life has  necessities :i* d n    
cumb] t ( man4 ,?us ! unwritt5 code     
rema9s 9 a measure ho/ile to ! accept$  
laws :i* are suppos$ to  rule4    ,z    
conc]ns our colleges = "y m5 ,i h little
 to say4 ,! cases ,i  see ( breakd[n    
among wom5 betwe5 sixte5 & n9ete5 :o    
belong to  normal s*ools or female      
colleges are out ( all proportion l>g]  
?an  ! numb] ( l failures among "y m5 ( 
! same ages1 & yet1  z ,i h h9t$1 !     
arrangem5ts = wat*+ ! heal? ( ^!  gr\ps 
( wom5 are usually bett] ?an su* z !    
colleges = "y  m5 provide4 ,! sy/em (   
pr(essional gu>dian%ip at ,johns ,hopk9s
 is  an admirable exception1 & at "s o!r
 in/itutions ! physical  exam9ation on  
matriculation becomes ( ! utmo/ value1  

:5 foll[$  up z x is 9 c]ta9 ( ^! s*ools
 by compulsory physical tra9+  &        
occasional re-exam9ations ( ! /ate (    
heal?4    ,i d n see :y ! :ole matt]    
c\ld n 9 all colleges be  sy/ematically 
made "p ( ! exam9ations on entry ^u     
/udies4 ,x  w\ld at lea/ po9t out to !  
?\ghtful /ud5t 8 weak po9ts1 &  enable  
him to d 8 "w & take 8 ex]cise ) "s     
reg>d to  consequ5ces4 ,i h ov] & ov]   
se5 "y m5 ) weak he>ts or  unsuspect$   
valvul> tr\bles :o _h suff]$ f hav+ be5 
all[$  to play foot-ball4 ,cases (      
c]ebral tr\ble 9 /ud5ts1 due to ! use  (
 defective eyes1 are common1 & ,i h kn[n
 _m valuable lives  among male & female 
/ud5ts crippl$ hopelessly ow+ to ! fact 
t no college pre-exam9ation ( _! /ate _h
 taught !m _!  true condition1 & t no "o
 _h po9t$ out to !m ! necessity  ( su*  
correction by glasses z w\ld h enabl$ !m
 z work]s to  compete on ev5 t]ms ) _!  
fell[s4    ,9 a some:at discursive      
fa%ion ,i h dwelt ^u ! mis*ief :i* is   
press+ to-day ^u our girls ( e class 9  

life4 ,! doctor kn[s  h[ (t5 & h[       
e>ne/ly he is call$ ^u to remon/rate    
aga9/  ?is gr[+ evil4 ,he is1 ( c\rse1  
well en\gh aw>e t _m /urdy  girls /& !  
/ra91 b he kn[s also t v _m d n1 &  t ! 
bra91 sick ) multipli$ /udies &         
un:olesome home life1  plods on1 do+    
poor "w1 until somebody wond]s :at is ! 
matt]  ) t girl2 or %e is left to       
scramble ?r\gh1 or break d[n )  weak    
eyes1 heada*es1 neuralgias1 or :at n4 ,i
 am p]fectly confid5t  t ,i %all be told
 "h t girls ought to be able to /udy h>d
  betwe5 f\rte5 & eighte5 ye>s )\t      
injury1 if boys c d x4  ,practically1   
h[ev]1 ! boys ( to-day are gett+ _!     
t\ghe/  education lat] & lat] 9 life1   
:ile girls leave s*ool at ! same  age z 
!y did ?irty ye>s ago4 ,x us$ to be     
common = boys to  ent] college at       
f\rte53 at pres5t1 eighte5 is a usual   
age (  admission at ,h>v>d or ,yale4    
,n[1 let any "o comp>e ! scale (  /udies
 = bo? sexes employ$ half a c5tury ago )
 t ( to-day4  ,he w f9d t its dem&s are 

va/ly m exact+ ?an !y  71--a diff]5ce   
fraught ) no evil = m51 :o attack !     
grav]  /udies lat] 9 life1 b mo/ p]il\s 
= girls1 :o are /ill  expect$ to leave  
s*ool at eighte5 or e>li]4#a            
,footnote #a3 ,witness ,ri*>dson's      
h]o9e1 :o 0 p]fect mi/ress (  ! f\r     
rules ( ari?metic6    ,i firmly         
believe--& ,i am n alone 9 ?is op9ion--t
 z conc]ns  ! physical future ( wom5 !y 
w\ld d f> bett] if ! bra9 7  v lightly  
task$ & ! s*ool h\rs b ?ree or f\r a day
 until  !y rea* ! age ( sev5te5 at lea/4
 ,any?+1 inde$1 7 bett]  ?an loss (     
heal?2 & if x be 9 any case a "q ( d\bt1
 !  s*ool %\ld be unhesitat+ly ab&on$ or
 its h\rs less5$1 z at  lea/ 9 "p !     
s\rce ( v _m ( ! n]v\s maladies ) :i*   
our wom5 are tr\bl$4 ,i am almo/ a%am$  
to def5d a position :i*  is held by _m  
compet5t physicians1 b an intellig5t    
fri5d1 :o has  read ?is page1 /ill asks 
me :y x is t ov]work ( bra9 %\ld be  s  
s]i\s an evil to wom5 at ! age ( womanly
 developm5t4 ,my be/  reply w\ld be !   

exp]i5ce & op9ions ( ^? ( u :o are call$
  ^u to see h[ _m s*ool-girls are suff]+
 9 heal? f  conf9em5t1 want ( ex]cise at
 ! "t ( day :5 !y mo/ incl9e  to x1 bad 
v5tilation1#a & too /eady occupation (  
m9d4 ,at no  o!r "t ( life is ! n]v\s   
sy/em s s5sitive1--s irritable1 ,i      
might say1--& at no o!r are abundant    
fre% air & ex]cise s  important4 ,to %[ 
m precisely h[ ! gr[+ girl is injur$ by 
!  causes j m5tion$ w\ld lead me to     
speak ( subjects unfit = full           
discussion 9 ^! pages1 b no ?\ghtful    
read] c be mu* at a  loss z to my mean+4
    ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! city :]e ?is is  
writt5 !re is1 s f> z ,i  "k1 n "o      
private girls' s*ool 9 a build+ plann$ =
 a  s*ool-h\se4 ,z a consequ5ce1 we he> 
endless compla9ts f "y  ladies (        
ov]heat$ or *illy rooms4 ,if ! tea*] be 
old1 ! room is  kept too w>m2 if %e be  
"y1 & mu* afoot ab\t h] s*ool1 !        
ap>tm5t is apt to be cold4    ,! foll[+ 
rem>ks ,i owe to ! exp]i5ce ( a fri5d1#a
 a woman1  :o k9dly p]mits me to use !m 

9 full4 ,!y complete :at  ,i h space to 
add z to ! matt] ( education1 & des]ve  
to be  read ) c>e by e p>5t & by e "o   
conc]n$ 9 our public  s*ools4           
,footnote #a3 ,miss ,p5dleton4    ,!re c
 be no "q t ! heal? ( gr[+ girls is     
ov]tax$2  b1 9 my op9ion1 ?is is a vice 
( ! age1 & n prim>ily ( !  s*ools4 ,i h 
f\nd tea*]s m alive to x ?an p>5ts or ! 
g5]al public4 ,^u int]rogat+ a class (  
=ty girls1 ( ages  v>y+ f twelve to     
f\rte51 ,i f\nd t m ?an half ! numb]  7 
consci\s ( loss ( sleep & n]v\s         
appreh5sion be=e  exam9ations2 b ,i     
discov]$1 ^u fur!r inquiry1 t ne>ly     
"o-half ( ?is class receiv$ in/ruction 9
 "o or two bran*es  outside ( ! s*ool   
curriculum1 ) ! int5tion ( qualify+ to  
become tea*]s4 ,i c\ld get no in=mation 
z to appetite or diet2 all  ( ! class1 z
 ! tea*] in=m$ me1 be+ a%am$ to give    
in=mation on que/ions ( ! table4 ,9 !   
op9ion ( ?is tea*]1  n]v\sness &        
sleeplessness are some:at due to /udies 
& 9-door  social amusem5ts 9 addition to

 regul> s*ool "w2 b *iefly to  ignorance
 9 ! home z to ! simple/ rules ( heal?y 
liv+4 ,ne>ly  all ! girls 9 ?is class   
dr9k a cup ( tea be=e leav+ home1 eat  a
 sweet biscuit z !y walk1 hurri$ & late1
 to s*ool1 & no?+  else until !y g home 
to _! d9n]s at two o'clock4 ,all _!     
bra9-"w 9 ! s*ool-room is done be=e eat+
 any n\ri%+ food4  ,! tea*] realiz$ !   
injuri\s effects ( ! pres5t =c+  sy/em1 
& sugge/$ )draw+ ! girls f s*ool = "o   
ye>  betwe5 ! gramm>- & high-s*ool      
grades4 ,:5 ,i ask$ :e!r a  bett] result
 w\ld n be obta9$ by keep+ ! girls 9    
s*ool  dur+ ?is additional ye>1 b       
reliev+ ! pressure ( purely m5tal  "w by
 ! introduction ?r\gh\t all ! grades (  
bran*es 9  h\sehold economy1 %e said ?is
 seem$ to h] ideal1 b1 %e fe>$1         
impracticable1 n f ! nature ( s*ools1 b 
f ! nature (  bo>ds4    ,a ,lat9        
graduat+ class ( sev5 girls1 ag$ sev5te5
 & eighte5  ye>s1 /at$ t !y d _! "w )\t 
n]v\sness1 re/lessness1  or appreh5sion4
    ,?is1 ) o!r /ati/ics1 w\ld seem to  

be> out y\r !ory t  aft] sev5te5 girls  
may /udy ) mu* less risk to heal?4    ,s
 f> z ,i h obs]v$1 ! /ra9 or te> is     
*iefly 9 ! case (  girls /udy+ to become
 tea*]s4 ,^! girls (t5 press =w>d too   
rapidly = ! purpose ( becom+            
self-support+ at ! age (  eighte54 ,!   
bait ( a sal>y1 & a good sal>y = "o     
ent]+ ^u  a pr(ession1 lures !m on2 & a 
false sympa?y 9 memb]s ( bo>ds  &       
committees l5ds itself to ?is injuri\s  
cramm+4    ,our own normal s*ool1#a :i* 
is do+ a great1 an indisp5sable1  "w 9  
prep>+ a tra9$ body ( fai?ful1          
intellig5t tea*]s1 has  succumb$ to ?is 
injuri\s t5d5cy4 ,we h "h ! high &      
normal  grades m]g$ into "o1 ! p]iod (  
adolesc5ce /rick5 out ( !  girl's s*ool 
life1 & _m hundr$s ( girls hurri$       
annually =w>d  beyond _! physical or    
m5tal capacity1 9 advance ( _! physical 
gr[?1 = ! sake ( ^? :o _c af=d to rema9 
9 s*ool "o  or two ye>s long]4 ,i say   
?is not)/&+ ! fact t ?is  s*ool is1 9 my
 op9ion1 "o ( ! mo/ pot5t ag5cies = good

 9  ! community4    ,footnote #a3       
,philadelphia4    ,ov]pressure 9 s*ool  
appe>s to me to be a disease ( ! body   
politic f :i* ?is memb] suff]s2 b x also
 seems to me t  ?is va/ s*ool sy/em is !
 mo/ p[]ful ag5cy = ! correction  ( !   
evil4 ,9 ! case ( girls1 ! fir/ pr9ciple
 to be recogniz$  is t ! education (    
wom5 is a problem by itself2 t1 9 all   
its  l[] grades at all ev5ts1 x is n to 
be laid d[n exactly ^u !  l9es (        
education = boys4    ,! s*ool sy/em may 
be made a =ceful ag5cy = build+ up !    
family1 & ! integrity ( ! home is )\t   
d\bt ! vital  "q ( ! age4    ,edw>d     
,ev]ett ,hale1 ) 8 f> spiritual sight1  
has disc]n$ !  necessity = re/or+ home  
tra9+1 & advocates1 to ?is end1 %ort    
s*ool t]ms ( a few weeks annually4 ,x is
 probable t 9 ! future  _m s*ool        
dep>tm5ts w be relegat$ to ! home1 b !  
homes are  n n[ prep>$ to assume ^!     
duties4    ,:5 x 0 discov]$ t citiz5s   
mu/ be prep>$ = _!  political duties !  
s*ools 7 op5$2 b ! means s f> became  an

 end t ev5 wom5 7 educat$ only 9 !      
directions :i* be>  ^u public & n ^u    
h\sehold economy4 ,! words ( ,/e91 t    
':at we put into ! s*ools w come out 9 !
 manhood ( ! nation  aft]w>d1' _c be too
 (t5 quot$4 ,let bran*es 9 h\sehold     
economy be connect$ ) all ! g5]al z     
di/+ui%$ f  normal-s*ool grades1 & we n 
only relieve ! girl imm$iately (  ! /ra9
 ( work+ ) insuffici5t food1 & ( acquir+
 skill 9  h\sehold duties 9 addition to 
! s*ool curriculum1 we n only  simplify 
& h>monize h] "w1 b we s5d out 9 e case 
a woman  prep>$ to c>ry ?is new influ5ce
 into all h] future life1 ev5 if a  l>ge
 numb] ( ^! wom5 %\ld ev5tually pursue  
special or high]  te*nical bran*es2 = we
 are wom5 be=e we are tea*]s1 lawy]s1   
physicians1 etc41 & if we are to add    
any?+ ( di/9ctive value to  ! _w by     
ent]+ ^u ! fields ( "w hi!rto pre-empt$ 
by  m51 x w be by ! ess5tial quality (  
?is new fem99e elem5t4    ,! /ra9 9 all 
"w comes *iefly f lack ( qualification  
by  tra9+ or nature = ! "w 9 h&1--te> 9 

place ( we>4 ,!  s*ools c re/ore ! ideal
 ( quiet "w4 ,!y h an imm5se  advantage 
9 regul>ity1 discipl9e1 "t4 ,?is va/    
sy/em gives an  opportunity1 su* z no   
private s*ools (f]1 = asc]ta9+ !  av]age
 "w :i* is heal?ful = gr[+ girls4 ,x is 
q possible  to asc]ta91 :e!r by wom5    
m$ical (fic]s appo9t$ to ?is end1  or by
 ! tea*]s !mselves1 ! physical capacity 
( ea* girl1 &  to place h] :]e ?is w n  
be exce$$4 ,girls tra9$ 9 s*ool  "u su* 
wise sup]vision w\ld g out into life    
qualifi$ to gu>d  ! *ildr5 ( ! future4  
,! *ief cause ( ov]work ( *ildr5 at     
pres5t is ! ignorance ( p>5ts z to !    
injuri\s effects (  ov]work1 & ( ! signs
 ( its influ5ce4    ,! fir/ /ep t[>d !  
relief ( ov]-pressure & false /imulus is
  to disc>d ! p]nici\s idea t x is !    
function ( ! normal  s*ool to (f] to e  
girl 9 ! community ! opportunity =      
becom+ a tea*]4 ,?is un:olesome feature 
is ! "o di/9ctive  /ra9 :i* mu/ be      
remov$ f ! sy/em4 ,x c be done provid$  
public & political s5tim5t approve4 ,!  

normal s*ool %\ld be only  a device =   
secur+ ! be/ possible body ( tea*]s4 ,x 
%\ld be  te*nical4    ,e tea*] kn[s t ! 
av]age girl ( sev5te5 has n rea*$  !    
physical1 m5tal1 or moral developm5t    
necess>y to ent] ^u ?is  sev]e & high   
pr(essional c\rse ( /udies1 & t "o ye>  
is  insuffici5t = su* a c\rse4    ,l5g!n
 ! "t giv5 to normal in/ruction1--make x
 two ye>s2 give  9 ?is s*ool in/ruction 
purely 9 ! sci5ce ( education2 relegate 
all g5]al in/ruction to a good high     
s*ool cov]+ a t]m ( f\r  ye>s4 ,9 ?is z 
9 all o!r progressive =mative p]iods !  
way out  is ahead4    ,x w be "t en\gh  
to talk ( do+ away ) a portion ( !      
girls' s*ool ye> :5 ! s*ools h fulfill$ 
_! high mission1  :5 !y h s5t out a l>ge
 body ( ,am]ican wom5 prep>$1 n =  a    
s+le pr(ession1 ev5 ! high fem99e       
vocation ( p$agogy1 b  equipp$ = h]     
highe/1 mo/ g5]al & cong5ial functions z
 !  s\rce & c5tre ( ! home4    ,i am    
unwill+ to leave ?is subject )\t a few  
words z to our  rem$y1 especially z     

conc]ns our public s*ools & normal      
s*ools =  girls4 ,:at seems to me to be 
ne$$ mo/ is :at ! woman w\ld br+  into  
our s*ool bo>ds4 ,surely x is also      
possible = female tea*]s  to talk       
frankly to t class ( girls :o le>n      
little ( ! dem&s  ( heal? f un$ucat$ or 
busy or c>eless mo!rs1 & x w\ld be  z   
easy1 if s*ool bo>ds 7 :at !y %\ld be1  
to insi/ on su*  in/ruction1 & to make  
sure t ! claims ( matur+ womanhood are  
consid]$ & att5d$ to4 ,%\ld ,i be told t
 ?is is impracticable1  ,i reply t z    
high an au?ority z ,samuel ,eliot1 (    
,massa*usetts1 has  %[n 9 l>ge s*ools t 
x is bo? possible & valuable4 ,z        
conc]ns ! home life1 x is also easy to  
get at ! p>5ts by annual  circul>s en=c+
 good c\nsel z to "s ( ! simple/ hygi5ic
  ne$s 9 ! way ( sleep1 h\rs ( /udy1    
light1 & meals4    ,x 7 bett] n to      
educate girls at all betwe5 ! ages (    
f\rte5  & eighte51 unless x c be done ) 
c>eful ref]5ce to _!  bodily heal?4     
,to-day1 ! ,am]ican woman is1 to speak  

pla9ly1 too  (t5 physically unfit = h]  
duties z woman1 & is p]haps ( all       
civiliz$ females ! lea/ qualifi$ to     
und]take ^? weighti] tasks  :i* tax s   
heavily ! n]v\s sy/em ( man4 ,%e is n   
fairly up to  :at nature asks f h] z    
wife & "m4 ,h[ w %e su/a9  h]self "u !  
pressure ( ^? yet m exact+ duties :i*   
n[adays %e is eag] to %>e ) ! man8      
,:ile mak+ ^! /r+5t criticisms1 ,i am   
anxi\s n to be  misund]/ood4 ,! po9t :i*
 above all o!rs ,i wi% to make is ?is1  
t ow+ *iefly to peculi>ities ( climate1 
our gr[+ girls are  end[$ )             
organizations s highly s5sitive &       
impressionable t  we expose !m to       
ne$less dang]s :5 we attempt to ov]tax  
!m  m5tally4 ,9 any c\ntry ! effects (  
su* a c\rse mu/ be evil1 b  9 ,am]ica ,i
 believe x to be mo/ disa/r\s4    ,z ,i 
h spok5 ( climate 9 ! broad s5se z      
acc\ntable = "s  peculi>ities ( ! heal? 
( our wom51 s also w\ld ,i admit x z  "o
 ( ! *ief reasons :y "w among m5 results
 s frequ5tly 9  te> z well z we>4 ,i    

believe t some?+ 9 our c\ntry makes     
intellectual "w ( all k9ds h>d] to d ?an
 x is 9 ,europe2 &  s9ce we d x ) a     
t]rible en]gy1 ! result %[s 9 we> v     
soon1 & almo/ always 9 ! way ( te> also4
 ,p]haps few p]sons :o  look = evid5ce (
 ?is fact at our national c>e] alone w  
be  will+ to admit my proposition1 b    
among ! high] intellectual  work]s1 su* 
z a/ronom]s1 physici/s1 & naturali/s1 ,i
 h  frequ5tly he>d ?is belief express$1 
& by none s positively z  ^? :o h liv$  
on bo? cont95ts4 ,s9ce ?is pap] 0 fir/  
writt5 ,i h be5 at "s pa9s to le>n      
directly f ,europeans :o  h come to     
reside 9 ,am]ica h[ ?is "q has be5      
answ]$ by  _! exp]i5ce4 ,= obvi\s       
reasons1 ,i d n "n my witnesses1 :o  are
 num]\s2 b1 al?\gh !y v>y some:at 9 !   
proportion ( !  effects :i* !y ascribe  
to climate & to su* dome/ic peculi>ities
  z ! ov]heat+ ( our h\ses1 !y are at "o
 z reg>ds ! simple  fact t1 = "s reason1
 m5tal "w is m exhau/+ "h ?an 9         
,europe2 :ile1 z a rule1 su* ,am]icans z

 h work$ abroad are well  aw>e t 9      
,france & 9 ,engl& intellectual labor is
 less try+  ?an x is ) u4 ,a great      
physiologi/1 well kn[n among u1 long ago
  express$ to me ! same op9ion2 & "o ( !
 greate/ ( liv+  naturali/s1 :o is      
honor$ alike on bo? cont95ts1 is        
positive t  bra9-"w is h>d] & m hurtful 
"h ?an abroad1 an op9ion :i*  is %>$ by 
,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes & o!r compet5t   
obs]v]s4  ,c]ta9 x is t our ?9k]s ( !   
classes nam$ are apt to break  d[n ) :at
 ! doctor kn[s z c]ebral exhau/ion1--a  
condition 9  :i* ! m5tal organs become m
 or less completely incapacitat$ =      
labor1--& t ?is /ate ( ?+s is v mu* less
 common among !  savans ( ,europe4 ,a   
%>e 9 ! production ( ?is evil may p]haps
 be  due to c]ta9 g5]al habits ( life   
:i* fall ) equal weight (  mis*ief ^u _m
 classes ( busy m51 z ,i %all pres5tly  
po9t out4  ,/ill1 ^! w n altoge!r acc\nt
 = ! fact1 nor is x to my  m9d expla9$  
by any ( ! m obvi\s faults 9 our        
climate1 nor yet  by our habits ( life1 

su* z furnace-w>m$ h\ses1 ha/y meals1   
bad  cook+1 or neglect ( ex]cise4 ,let a
 man live z he may1 ,i believe he  w    
/ill discov] t m5tal labor is ) u m     
exhau/+ ?an we  c\ld wi% x to be4 ,:y   
?is is ,i _c say1 b x is n m  my/]i\s   
?an ! fact t ag5ts :i*1 z s$atives or   
excitants1  affect ! great n]ve-c5tres1 
d ?is v diff]5tly 9 diff]5t  climates4  
,!re is "s evid5ce to %[ t ?is is also !
 case )  n>cotics2 & p]haps a p>tial    
explanation may be f\nd 9 ! mann]  9 :i*
 ! excretions are controll$ by ext]nal  
temp]atures1 z well  z by ! fact :i*    
,dr4 ,br[n-,squ>d discov]$1 & :i* ,i h  
frequ5tly corroborat$1 t _m poisons are 
ret>d$ 9 _! action  by plac+ ! animal   
affect$ 9 a w>m atmosph]e4    ,x is     
possible to dr9k ) safety 9 ,engl&      
quantities ( w9e :i*  "h w\ld be        
disagreeable 9 _! fir/ effect & p]il\s 9
 _!  ultimate results4 ,! ,cuban :o     
takes c(fee enorm\sly at home1 &  smokes
 endlessly1 c d "h nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r 
to ! same  degree4 ,& s also ! am\nt (  

excitation f "w :i* ! bra9  w be> v>ies 
exce$+ly ) v>iations ( climatic         
influ5ces4    ,we are all ( u famili> ) 
! fact t physical "w is m or  less      
exhau/+ 9 diff]5t climates1 & z ,i am   
deal+1 or ab\t to  deal1 ) ! "w (       
bus9ess m51 :i* involves a c]ta9 %>e (  
corporal ex]tion1 z well z ) t ( m]e    
s*ol>s1 ,i mu/ ask  leave to digress1 9 
ord] to %[ t 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry at     
lea/ ! "w ( ! body probably occasions m 
/ra9 ?an 9  ,europe1 & is foll[$ by     
great] s5se ( fatigue4    ,! "q is      
c]ta9ly a l>ge "o1 & %\ld include a     
consid]ation ( matt]s connect$ ) food & 
/imulants1 on :i* ,i  c b t\*4 ,i h     
c>efully que/ion$ a numb] (             
ma/]-me*anics  :o employ bo? =eign]s &  
native ,am]icans1 & ,i am assur$ t  !   
,briti% workman f9ds labor m try+ "h ?an
 at home2 :ile  p]haps ! eight-h\r      
movem5t may be look$ ^u z an in/9ctive  
expression ( ! ma9 fact z reg>ds our    
work+ class 9 g5]al4    ,a di/+ui%$     
,engli% s*ol> in=ms me t s9ce he has    

resid$  among u ! same compla9ts1 z to !
 depress+ effects ( physical  labor 9   
,am]ica1 h come to him f skill$ ,engli% 
me*anics4 ,:at  %>e *ange ( diet & ! l  
may h 9 ! matt] ,i h n  space to        
discuss4#a    ,footnote #a3 ,! new      
emigrant suff]s 9 a high degree f ! same
  evils z to cook]y :i* affect only less
 sev]ely ! mass ( our  p1 & ?is1 no     
d\bt1 helps to enfeeble him4 ,! fry+-pan
 has1 ,i  fe>1 a bett] "r to be call$   
our national emblem ?an ! eagle1  & ,i  
grieve to say x reigns supreme we/ ( !  
,alleghanies4 ,i well  rememb] t a p>ty 
( fri5ds ab\t to camp out 7 unable to   
buy a  gridiron 9 two ,we/]n t[ns1 ea*  
numb]+ ov] f\r ?\s& eat]s  ( fri$ meats4
    ,al?\gh1 f :at ,i h se51 ,i %\ld    
judge t ov]task$ m5 (  sci5ce are       
especially liable to ! tr\ble :i* ,i h  
call$  c]ebral exhau/ion1 all classes ( 
m5 :o use ! bra9 sev]ely1 &  :o h       
also--& ?is is important--seasons (     
excessive anxiety or (  grave           
responsibility1 are subject to ! same =m

 ( disease2 & ?is  ,i presume is :y we  
meet ) num]\s in/ances ( n]v\s exhau/ion
  among m]*ants & manufactur]s4 ,! lawy]
 & cl]gyman (f]  examples1 b ,i d n     
rememb] to h se5 _m bad cases among     
physicians4 ,dismiss+ ! easy je/ :i* !  
latt] /atem5t w  surely sugge/1 ! reason
 = ?is we may pres5tly enc\nt]4    ,my  
note-books seem to %[ t manufactur]s &  
c]ta9 classes (  railway (ficials are ! 
mo/ liable to suff] f neural exhau/ion4 
,next to ^! come m]*ants 9 g5]al1       
brok]s1 etc42 !n less  frequ5tly        
cl]gym52 /ill less (t5 lawy]s2 & m r>ely
 doctors2  :ile di/ress+ cases are apt  
to occur among ! ov]s*ool$ "y (  bo?    
sexes4    ,! wor/ in/ances to be met )  
are among "y m5 sudd5ly ca/  into       
bus9ess positions involv+ weighty       
responsibility4 ,i c recall  sev]al     
cases ( m5 "u or j ov] tw5ty-"o :o h lo/
 heal?  :ile attempt+ to c>ry !         
responsibilities ( great manufactories4 
,excit$ & /imulat$ by ! pride ( su* a   
*>ge1 !y h work$  ) a c]ta9 exaltation (

 bra91 &1 a*iev+ success1 h be5  /rick5 
d[n 9 ! mom5t ( triumph4 ,?is too       
frequ5t practice (  immature m5 go+ into
 bus9ess1 especially ) borr[$ capital1  
is a  s]i\s evil4 ,! same p]son1        
gradually tra9$ to naturally &  sl[ly   
increas+ burd5s1 w\ld h be5 sure (      
heal?y success4 ,9  individual cases ,i 
h f\nd x s (t5 va9 to remon/rate or to  
po9t out ! v>i\s habits :i* collectively
 act = mis*ief on our  bus9ess class t  
,i may well despair ( do+ good by a m]e 
g5]al  /atem5t4 ,z ,i h not$ !m1        
connect$ ) cases ( ov]work1 !y  are ^!3 
late h\rs ( "w1 irregul> meals bolt$ 9  
ha/e away f  home1 ! want ( holidays & (
 pursuits outside ( bus9ess1 & !        
consequ5t practice ( c>ry+ home1 z !    
only subject ( talk1 !  c>es & successes
 ( ! c\nt+-h\se & ! /ock-bo>d4 ,mo/ (   
^! evil habits require no comm5t4 ,:at1 
inde$1 c be said8 ,! man  :o has work$  
h>d all day1 & lun*$ or d9$ ha/ily1     
comes home or  goes to ! club to        
conv]se--save ! m>k6--ab\t goods &      

/ocks4  ,holidays1 except 9 summ]1 he   
kn[s n1 & x is !n ?\ght "t  en\gh tak5 f
 "w if ! man sleeps 9 ! c\ntry & comes  
into a  hot city daily1 or at ! be/ has 
a week or two at ! sea-%ore4 ,?is       
incessant monotony tells 9 ! end4 ,m5 h 
confess$ to me t =  tw5ty ye>s !y _h    
work$ e day1 (t5 travell+ at night or on
  ,sundays to save "t1 & t 9 all ?is    
p]iod !y _h n tak5 "o  day = play4 ,^!  
are extreme in/ances1 b !y are also 9 a 
measure repres5tative ( a frightfully   
g5]al social evil4    ,is x any wond] if
 asylums = ! insane gape = su* m58 ,!re 
comes to !m at la/ a season ( bus9ess   
emb>rassm5t2 or1 :5 !y  get to be fifty 
or !reab\ts1 ! bra9 beg9s to feel !     
/ra91 &  j z !y are ?9k+1 ,n[ we w /op &
 enjoy ourselves1 !  bra91 :i*1 slave-l1
 nev] murmurs until x breaks out into   
op5  insurrection1 sudd5ly refuses to   
"w1 & ! mis*ief is done4 ,!re  are !re=e
 two p]iods ( exi/5ce especially prone  
to ^?  tr\bles1--"o :5 ! m9d is matur+2 
ano!r at ! turn+-po9t  ( life1 :5 ! bra9

 has atta9$ its fulle/ p[]1 & has left  
beh9d x accompli%$ ! l>g] "p ( its be/  
ent]prise & mo/  active labor4    ,i am 
dispos$ to ?9k t ! v>iety ( "w done by  
lawy]s1 _!  long summ] holiday1 _! m    
g5]al cultivation1 _! usual ta/es  =    
lit]>y or o!r objects out ( _! bus9ess  
walks1 may1 to "s  ext5t1 save !m1 z    
well z ! fact t !y c r>ely be subject   
to ! sudd5 & fe>ful responsibilities (  
bus9ess m54 ,moreov]1  l ! doctor1 !    
lawy] gets 8 weight ^u him sl[ly1 & is  
?irty at lea/ be=e x c be heavy en\gh to
 task him sev]ely4 ,!  bus9ess man's    
only limitation is ne$ ( money1 & few "y
  m]cantile m5 w hesitate to ent] trade 
on _! own acc\nt if !y  c comm& capital4
 ,) ! doctor1 z ) ! lawy]1 a long       
intellectual education1 a sl[ly-increas+
 /ra91 & responsibilities  ( gradual    
gr[? t5d1 ) 8 out-door life1 to save him
 f !  =m ( disease ,i h be5 allud+ to4  
,?is elem5t ( op5-air life1  ,i suspect1
 has a %>e 9 protect+ m5 :o 9 _m        
respects lead a  mo/ unheal?y exi/5ce4  

,! doctor1 :o is suppos$ to get a l>ge  
%>e ( ex]cise1 9 reality gets v little  
aft] he gr[s too busy  to walk1 & has !n
 only ! incid5tal exposure to out-(-door
 air4  ,:5 ?is is associat$ ) a fair %>e
 ( physical ex]tion1 x is an  imm5se    
safegu>d aga9/ ! ills ( anxiety & too   
mu* bra9-"w4  ,= ^! reasons ,i d n d\bt 
t ! effects ( our great civil  w> 7 f> m
 sev]ely felt by ! ,secret>y ( ,w> &    
,presid5t  ,l9coln ?an by ,grant or     
,%]man4    ,! we>+1 incessant c>es (    
ov]work1 ( bus9ess anxiety1 & !  l1     
produce directly diseases ( ! n]v\s     
sy/em1 & are also !  f]tile p>5ts (     
dyspepsia1 consumption1 & maladies ( !  
he>t4  ,h[ (t5 we c trace all ! =ms ( ! 
fir/-nam$ protean disease  to su* causes
 is only too well kn[n to e physician1 &
 _!  connection ) c>diac tr\bles is also
 well und]/ood4 ,happily1  functional   
tr\bles ( he>t or /oma* are f> f        
unfrequ5t  precursors ( ! grav] mis*ief 
:i* f9ally falls ^u !  n]ve-c5tres if ! 
light] w>n+s h be5 neglect$2 & = ?is    

reason no man :o has to use 8 bra9      
en]getically & = long  p]iods c af=d to 
disreg>d ! h9ts :i* he gets f attacks ( 
palpitation ( he>t or f a disord]$      
/oma*4 ,9 _m in/ances  ^! are ! only    
expressions ( ! fact t he is abus+ !    
ma*9]y ( m9d or body2 & ! suff]] may ?9k
 himself =tunate  t ?is is ! case1 s9ce 
ev5 ! lea/ s]i\s degrees ( direct       
exhau/ion ( ! c5tres ) :i* he feels &   
?9ks are m grave  & are less op5 to     
ready relief4    ,:5 affections ( !     
outly+ organs are neglect$1 & ev5 9 _m  
cases :]e ^! h n suff]$ at all1 we are  
apt to witness1 z a  result ( too       
prolong$ anxiety comb9$ ) bus9ess c>es1 
or ev5 (  m]e ov]work alone1 ) want (   
prop] physical habits z to ex]cise1     
amusem5t1 & diet1 t =m ( disord] ( :i*  
,i h already  spok5 z c]ebral exhau/ion2
 & be=e clos+ ?is pap] ,i am  tempt$ to 
describe briefly ! symptoms :i* w>n (   
its approa* or  tell ( its complete     
possession ( ! unhappy victim4 ,:y x    
%\ld be  s difficult ( relief is h>d to 

compreh5d1 until we rememb] t !  bra9 is
 apt to g on do+ its we>y "w            
automatically & despite !  w ( ! unlucky
 own]2 s t x gets no ?or\gh re/1 & is 9 
! hapless position ( a brok5 limb :i* is
 expect$ to knit :ile  /ill 9 use4 ,:]e 
physical ov]work has worn out ! sp9al or
 motor  c5tres1 x is1 on ! o!r h&1 easy 
to en=ce repose1 & s to  place !m 9 !   
be/ condition = repair4 ,?is 0 (t5 &    
happily  illu/rat$ dur+ ! late w>4      
,sev]e m>*es1 bad food1 & o!r  causes   
:i* make w> exhau/+1 7 con/antly 9      
action1 until  c]ta9 m5 7 do+ _! "w )   
too small a m>g9 (  res]ve-p[]4 ,!n came
 su* a crisis z ! la/ days (            
,mc,clellan's  retreat to ! ,james      
,riv]1 or ! =c$ m>* ( ! ,six? ,army     
,corps  to ,gettysburg1 & at once ^! m5 
succumb$ ) palsy ( ! legs4 ,a  few mon?s
 ( absolute re/1 good diet1 ale1 fre%   
beef & vegetables  re/or$ !m to p]fect  
heal?4    ,9 all probability incessant  
use ( a "p flu%es ) blood !  n]ve-c5tres
 :i* furni% x ) motor en]gy1 s t        

excessive "w  may br+ ab\t a /ate (     
conge/ion1 ow+ to :i* ! n]ve-c5tre      
becomes badly n\ri%$1 & at la/ /rikes   
"w4 ,9 civil life we  sometimes meet )  
su* cases among c]ta9 classes (         
artisans3  p>alysis ( ! legs z a result 
( us+ ! treadle ( !  sew+-ma*9e t5 h\rs 
a day is a good example1 &1 ,i am sorry 
to  add1 n a v r>e "o1 among ! ov]task$ 
wom5 :o slave at su*  labor4    ,n[ let 
u see :at happ5s :5 ! intellectual      
organs are put  ov]-long on ! /ret*1 &  
:5 moral causes1 su* z heavy            
responsibilities & ov]-anxiety1 are at  
"w4    ,:5 9 active use1 ! ?9k+ organs  
become full ( blood1 &1 z  has be5 %[n1 
rise 9 temp]ature1 :ile ! feet & h&s    
become  cold4 ,nature meant t1 = _! "w1 
!y %\ld be1 9 ! fir/  place1 suppli$ )  
food2 next1 t !y %\ld h c]ta9 int]vals  
( re/ to rid !mselves ( ! excess ( blood
 accumulat$ dur+  _! p]iods ( activity1 
& ?is is to be done by sleep1 & also by 
br++ into play ! physical ma*9]y ( !    
body1 su* z !  muscles1--t is to say1 by

 ex]cise :i* flu%es ! p>ts engag$ 9  x &
 s depletes ! bra94 ,%e meant1 also1 t !
 v>i\s  bra9-organs %\ld aid 9 ! relief1
 by be+ us$ 9 o!r directions  ?an m]e   
?\ght2 & la/ly1 %e desir$ t1 dur+       
dige/ion1 all  ! surplus blood ( ! body 
%\ld g to ! /oma*1 inte/9es1 &  liv]1 & 
t nei!r blood nor n]ve-p[] %\ld be !n   
misdirect$  ^u ! bra93 9 o!r words1 %e  
did n mean t we %\ld try to  c>ry on1 ) 
equal en]gy1 two k9ds ( important       
functional bus9ess  at once4    ,if1 !n1
 ! bra9-us] wi%es to be heal?y1 he mu/  
limit 8 h\rs  ( "w accord+ to rules :i* 
w come ( exp]i5ce1 & :i* no  man c lay  
d[n = him4 ,above all1 let him eat      
regul>ly & n at  too long int]vals4 ,i  
well rememb] ! amazem5t ( a di/+ui%$    
naturali/ :5 told t 8 sleeplessness &   
irregul> pulse 7 due  to 8 fa/+ f n9e   
until six4 ,a biscuit & a glass ( port]1
 at  "o o'clock1 effect$ a ready &      
pleasant cure4 ,z to ex]cise 9 !  fre%  
air1 ,i ne$ say little1 except t if !   
ex]cise c be made to  h a di/9ct object1

 n 9 ! way ( bus9ess1 s mu* ! bett]4    
,nor %\ld ,i ne$ to add t we may relieve
 ! ?9k+ & worry+  me*anisms by light    
read+ & o!r amusem5ts1 or en=ce ! lesson
  t no h>d "w %\ld be attempt$ dur+     
dige/ion4 ,! wise doctor  may haply     
smile at ! commonplace ( su* directions1
 b woe be to !  man :o neglects !m6     
,:5 an ov]work$ & worri$ victim has     
suffici5tly s9n$ aga9/  ^! simple laws1 
if he does n luckily suff] f di/urbances
 (  he>t or /oma*1 he beg9s to h c]ta9  
signs ( n]v\s  exhau/ion4    ,z a rule1 
"o ( two symptoms appe>s fir/1 ?\gh     
sometimes bo? come  toge!r4 ,"w gets to 
be a little less facile2 ?is a/oni%es ! 
subject1 especially if he has be5 "u    
high pressure & do+ 8  tasks ) t ease   
:i* comes ( excitem5t4 ,) ?is1 or a     
little  lat]1 he discov]s t he sleeps   
badly1 & t ! ?\ghts ( !  day infe/ 8    
dreams1 or s possess him z to make      
slumb] difficult4  ,unrefre%$1 he rises 
& plunges anew into ! labor = :i* he is 
no  long] compet5t4 ,let him /op "h2 he 

has _h 8 w>n+4 ,day aft]  day ! "w gr[s 
m try+1 b ! v>i$ /imulants to ex]tion   
come into play1 ! m9d1 ar\s$1 =gets 9 ! 
c>es ( ! day !  we>9ess ( ! night       
season1 & s1 ) less5+ p[] & gr[+  burd51
 he pursues 8 purpose4 ,at la/ come     
c]ta9 new symptoms1 su*  z gidd9ess1    
dimness ( sight1 neuralgia ( ! face or  
scalp1 )  entire nights ( insomnia &    
gr[+ difficulty 9 ! use ( !  m5tal p[]s2
 s t to attempt a calculation1 or any =m
 (  intellectual labor1 is to insure a  
s5se ( di/ress 9 ! head1 or  su*        
absolute pa9 z proves h[ deeply ! organs
 conc]n$ h  suff]$4 ,ev5 to read is     
sometimes almo/ impossible2 & !re /ill  
rema9s ! p]il\s fact t "u en\gh ( moral 
/imulus ! man  may be able1 = a few     
h\rs1 to plunge into bus9ess c>es1 )\t  
su* pa9 z completely to incapacitate him
 = imm$iate activity4  ,night1 h[ev]1   
nev] fails to br+ ! puni%m5t2 & at la/ !
  slighte/ prolong$ ex]tion ( m9d       
becomes impossible4 ,9 ! wor/  cases !  
scalp itself gr[s sore1 & a sudd5 j>    

hurts ! bra91 or  seems to d s1 :ile !  
m]e act ( /epp+ f a curb-/one  produces 
positive pa94    ,/range z x may seem1  
mu* ( all ?is may happ5 to a man1 & he  
may  /ill /ruggle onw>d1 ignorant ( !   
t]rible dem&s he is mak+  ^u an exhau/$ 
bra94 ,usually1 by ?is "t he has s\ght  
advice1  &1 if 8 doctor be wor?y ( !    
title1 has le>n$ t :ile !re  are c]ta9  
aids = 8 symptoms 9 ! %ape ( drugs1 !re 
is only  "o real rem$y4 ,happy he if n  
too late 9 discov]+ t complete  &       
prolong$ cessation f "w is ! "o ?+      
ne$ful4 ,n a week  ( holiday1 or a mon?1
 b probably a ye> or m ( utt] idl5ess   
may be absolutely ess5tial4 ,only ?is w 
answ] 9 cases s extreme  z t :i* ,i h   
tri$ to depict1 & ev5 ?is w n always    
insure a return to a /ate ( active work+
 heal?4    ,i am v f> f conc$+ t !      
vehem5t en]gy ) :i* we d  our "w is due 
altoge!r to gre$4 ,we probably idle less
 & play less  ?an any o!r race1 & !     
abs5ce ( national habits ( sport1       
especially 9 ! ,we/1 leaves ! man (     

bus9ess ) no inducem5t to  ab&on t      
unceas+ labor 9 :i* at la/ he f9ds 8    
sole  pleasure4 ,he does n ride1 or     
%oot1 or fi%1 or play any game b  eu*re4
 ,bus9ess absorbs him utt]ly1 & at la/  
he f9ds nei!r "t  nor desire = books4 ,!
 newspap] is 8 sole lit]ature2 he has   
nev]  _h "t to acquire a ta/e = any     
read+ save 8 l$g]4 ,hone/  fri5d%ip =   
books comes ) y\? or1 z a rule1 n at    
all4 ,at la/  8 h\r ( p]il arrives4 ,!n 
y may sep>ate him f bus9ess1 b  y w f9d 
t to divorce 8 ?\ghts f x is impossible4
 ,!  fi5d ( "w he rais$ no man c lay4 ,z
 to =eign travel1 x  we>ies him4 ,he has
 n ! culture :i* makes x available or   
pleasant4 ,not)/&+ ! pla/icity ( !      
,am]ican1 he is n[  )\t res\rces4 ,:at  
!n to advise ,i h ask$ myself c\ntless  
times4 ,let him at lea/ look to x t 8   
boys g n ! same evil  road4 ,! be/      
bus9ess m5 are apt to ?9k t _! own      
successful  c>e]s repres5t ! lives _!   
*ildr5 ought to foll[1 & t !  f\r ye>s (
 college spoil a lad = bus9ess4 ,9      

reality ^! ye>s1  be !y idle or well    
fill$ ) "w1 give "y m5 ! cu/om (  play1 
& surr\nd !m ) an atmosph]e ( culture   
:i* leaves !m  ) b\ntiful res\rces =    
h\rs ( leisure1 :ile !y insure to !m  9 
^! ye>s ( gr[? :olesome1 unworri$ fre$om
 f su* bus9ess  pressure z ! successful 
p>5t is s apt to put on too y\?ful      
%\ld]s4    ,some:at di/ract$ by ! desire
 to be brief1 & yet to tell ! :ole      
/ory1 ,i h s\ght1 9 :at ,i fe> is a v   
loose & disconnect$  way1 to put 9 a new
 light "s ( ! evils :i* are hurt+ !     
mo!rs ( our race1 & ^? :i* e day's      
exp]i5ce tea*es !  doctor are gravely   
affect+ ! work+ capacity ( numb]less m54
 ,i  tru/ ,i h succe$$ 9 satisfy+ my    
read]s t we dwell 9 a  climate :]e "w ( 
all k9ds dem&s great] precautions z to  
heal?  ?an is ! case abroad4 ,we _c     
improve our climate1 b x is q  possible 
t we h n suffici5tly le>n$ to modify !  
conditions  ( labor 9 accordance ) ^? ( 
! sky "u :i* we live4    ,no /ud5t ( !  
n]v\s maladies ( ,am]ican m5 & wom5 w   

?9k  ,i h ov]drawn any "p ( ! =ego+     
sket*4 ,x w\ld h be5 z  easy1 _h su* a  
c\rse be5 prop]1 to tell ! individual   
/ories (  y\?1 vigor\s1 eag]1 mak+ ha/e 
to be ri*1 wreck$ & made  unproductive &
 dep5d5t = ye>s or =ev]2 & ( middle age1
  unable or unwill+ to pause 9 ! c>e] ( 
doll>-gett+1 cru%$ to  e>? 9 ! h\r (    
fruition1 or made p[]less to labor long]
 at any  co/ = ^? :o 7 de>e/4    ,,!    
,,end4