,,lives ,,of ,,john ,,donne1 ,,henry    
,,wotton1 ,,rich',d ,,hooker1 ,,george  
,,herbert1 c1  ,,volume ,,two    by     
,,izaak ,,walton              ,this     
issue of ,walton's ,lives is based upon 
,john ,major's edition  of #ahbe1 which 
was printed from a copy of the edition  
of #afge1  corrected by ,walton's own   
pen1 ,major's illustrative notes have   
been preserved1 with some modifications 
by later hands4 ,mr4 ,,austin  ,,dobson 
has read the text1 added the marginalia1
 and contributed the  supplementary     
notes4    ,i4,g4    ,august #i1         
,walton's birthday1    #ahih4           
,,contents      ,the ,life of ,mr4      
,richard ,hooker    ,the ,life of ,mr4  
,george ,herbert1 ,prebendary of        
,salisbury ,cathedral    ,the ,life of  
,dr4 ,robert ,sanderson1 ,late ,lord    
,bishop of ,lincoln            ,,the    
,,life ,,of ,,mr4 ,,richard ,,hooker3   
,,the ,,author ,,of ,,those ,,learned   
,,books ,,of ,,the ,,laws ,,of          
,,ecclesiastical  ,,polity4             

,judicious ,hooker1 though the cost be  
spent    ,on him1 that hath a lasting   
monument    ,in his own books2 yet ought
 we to express    ,if not the worth1 yet
 our respectfulness4    ,,sir ,,wil4    
,,cowper          ,,introduction        
,sidenote3 ,introduction    ,i have been
 persuaded1 by a friend whom ,i         
reverence1 and ought  to obey1 to write 
the ,life of ,,richard ,,hooker1 the    
happy ,author  of ,five--if not more--of
 the eight learned books of ,the ,laws  
of  ,ecclesiastical ,polity4 ,and though
 ,i have undertaken it1 yet it hath     
been with some unwillingness3 because ,i
 foresee that it must prove to  me1 and 
especially at this time of my age1 a    
work of much labour to  enquire1        
consider1 research1 and determine what  
is needful to be known  concerning him4 
,for ,i knew him not in his life1 and   
must therefore not  only look back to   
his death1--now sixty-four years        
past1--but almost  fifty years beyond1  
that1 even to his childhood and youth2  

and gather  thence such observations and
 prognostics as may at least adorn1 if  
not  prove necessary for the completing 
of what ,i have undertaken4             
,sidenote3 ,reasons for this ,life      
,this trouble ,i foresee1 and foresee   
also that it is impossible to  escape   
censures2 against which ,i will not hope
 my well-meaning and  diligence can     
protect me1--for ,i consider the age in 
which ,i live--and  shall therefore but 
intreat of my ,reader a suspension of   
his censures1  till ,i have made known  
unto him some reasons1 which ,i myself  
would now  gladly believe do make me in 
some measure fit for this undertaking2  
and if these reasons shall not acquit me
 from all censures1 they may  at least  
abate of their severity1 and this is all
 ,i can probably hope  for4 ,my reasons 
follow4    ,about forty years past--for 
,i am now past the seventy of my        
age--,i began a happy affinity with     
,william ,cranmer1--now with            
,god1--grand-nephew unto the great      

,archbishop of that name2--a family  of 
noted prudence and resolution2 with him 
and two of his sisters ,i  had an entire
 and free friendship3 one of them was   
the wife of ,dr4  ,spencer1#a a bosom   
friend and sometime com-pupil with ,mr4 
,hooker in  ,corpus ,christi ,college in
 ,oxford1 and after ,president of the   
same4 ,i  name them here1 for that ,i   
shall have occasion to mention them in  
the  following discourse1 as also       
,george ,cranmer1 their brother1 of     
whose  useful abilities my ,reader may  
have a more authentic testimony than my 
pen can purchase for him1 by that of our
 learned ,camden and others4            
,sidenote3 ,hooker's friends    ,this   
,william ,cranmer and his two fore-named
 sisters had some affinity1  and a most 
familiar friendship1 with ,mr4 ,hooker1 
and had had some  part of their         
education with him in his house1 when he
 was parson of  ,bishop's-,bourne near  
,canterbury2 in which ,city their good  
father then  lived4 ,they had1 ,i say1 a

 part of their education with him as    
myself1  since that time1 a happy       
cohabitation with them2 and having some 
years before read part of ,mr4 ,hooker's
 works with great liking and            
satisfaction1 my affection to them made 
me a diligent inquisitor into  many     
things that concerned him2 as namely1 of
 his persons1 his nature1  the          
management of his time1 his wife1 his   
family1 and the fortune  of him and his4
 ,which enquiry hath given me much      
advantage in the  knowledge of what is  
now under my consideration1 and intended
 for the  satisfaction of my ,reader4   
,sidenote3 ,conclusion    ,i had also a 
friendship with the ,reverend ,dr4      
,usher1#b the late  learned ,archbishop 
of ,armagh2 and with ,dr4 ,morton1 the  
late learned  and charitable ,bishop of 
,durham2 as also the learned ,john      
,hales1  of ,eton ,college2 and with    
them also--who loved the very name of   
,mr4  ,hooker--,i have had many         
discourses concerning him2 and from     

them1 and  many others that have now put
 off mortality1 ,i might have had more  
informations1 if ,i could then have     
admitted a thought of any fitness  for  
what by persuasion ,i have now          
undertaken4 ,but though that full       
harvest be irrecoverably lost1 yet my   
memory hath preserved some  gleanings1  
and my diligence made such additions to 
them1 as ,i hope  will prove useful to  
the completing of what ,i intend3 in the
 discovery  of which ,i shall be        
faithful1 and with this assurance put a 
period to  my ,introduction4            
,footnote #a3 ,a native of ,suffolk1 one
 of the ,clerks of ,corpus ,christi     
,college1 ,oxford1 and ,greek ,reader4  
,he entered ,orders1 became a noted     
,preacher1 ,chaplain to ,james ,i41 and 
a great admirer of ,richard ,hooker  and
 the famous ,dr4 ,john ,reynolds1 the   
latter of whom he succeeded  as ,master 
of his ,college4 ,about four years after
 ,hooker's death1 he  published the     
,five ,books of ,ecclesiastical ,polity1

 with a ,preface2 and  dying on ,april  
#crd1 #afad1 was buried at ,oxford4     
,footnote #b3 ,the illustrious ,primate 
of ,ireland1 born in ,dublin1 ,jan4     
#dth1 #aehj4 ,he was the first ,student 
of ,trinity ,college1 in #aeic1  and in 
#afaj he was made ,bishop of ,meath1    
whence he was translated to  ,armagh1 in
 #afbe4 ,in the ,irish ,rebellion1 he   
lost every thing but his  library1 which
 he conveyed to ,england1 where he died 
in retirement1  ,march #bast1 #afee-ef4 
,,the ,,life  ,,of  ,,mr4 ,,richard     
,,hooker4      ,sidenote3 ,birth and    
parentage    ,it is not to be doubted1  
but that ,richard ,hooker was born at   
,heavy-tree1 near1 or within the        
precincts1 or in the ,city of ,exeter2  
a ,city which may justly boast1 that it 
was the birth-place of him and  ,sir    
,thomas ,bodley2 as indeed the ,county  
may1 in which it stands1 that  it hath  
furnished this nation with ,bishop      
,jewel1 ,sir ,francis ,drake1  ,sir     
,walter ,raleigh1 and many others1      

memorable for their valour and          
learning4 ,he was born about the year of
 our ,redemption #aeec1 and of  parents 
that were not so remarkable for their   
extraction or riches1 as  for their     
virtue and industry1 and ,god's blessing
 upon both2 by  which they were enabled 
to educate their children in some degree
  of learning1 of which our ,richard    
,hooker may appear to be one fair       
testimony1 and that nature is not so    
partial as always to give the  great    
blessings of wisdom and learning1 and   
with them the greater  blessings of     
virtue and government1 to those only    
that are of a more  high and honourable 
birth4    ,sidenote3 ,his complexion    
,his complexion--if we may guess by him 
at the age of forty--was  sanguine1 with
 a mixture of choler2 and yet his motion
 was slow even  in his youth1 and so was
 his speech1 never expressing an        
earnestness  in either of them1 but an  
humble gravity suitable to the aged4    
,and it  is observed1--so far as enquiry

 is able to look back at this distance  
of time1--that at his being a school-boy
 he was an early questionist1  quietly  
inquisitive why this was1 and that was  
not1 to be remembered8  why this was    
granted1 and that denied8 ,this being   
mixed with a  remarkable modesty1 and a 
sweet serene quietness of nature1 and   
with  them a quick apprehension of many 
perplexed parts of learning1 imposed    
then upon him as a scholar1 made his    
,master and others to believe him  to   
have an inward blessed divine light1 and
 therefore to consider him  to be a     
little wonder4 ,for in that1 children   
were less pregnant1 less  confident and 
more malleable1 than in this wiser1 but 
not better1 age4    ,sidenote3 ,early   
training    ,this meekness and          
conjuncture of knowledge1 with modesty  
in his  conversation1 being observed by 
his ,schoolmaster1 caused him to        
persuade his parents--who intended him  
for an apprentice--to continue  him at  
school till he could find out some      

means1 by persuading his  rich ,uncle1  
or some other charitable person1 to ease
 them of a part  of their care and      
charge2 assuring them that their son was
 so enriched  with the blessings of     
nature and grace1 that ,god seemed to   
single him  out as a special instrument 
of his glory4 ,and the good man told    
them  also1 that he would double his    
diligence in instructing him1 and would 
neither expect nor receive any other    
reward1 than the content of so  hopeful 
and happy an employment4    ,this was   
not unwelcome news1 and especially to   
his ,mother1 to whom  he was a dutiful  
and dear child1 and all parties were so 
pleased with  this proposal1 that it was
 resolved so it should be4 ,and in the  
mean time his ,parents and ,master laid 
a foundation for his future  happiness1 
by instilling into his soul the seeds of
 piety1 those  conscientious principles 
of loving and fearing ,god1 of an early 
belief  that he knows the very secrets  
of our souls2 that he punisheth  our    

vices1 and rewards our innocence2 that  
we should be free from  hypocrisy1 and  
appear to man what we are to ,god1      
because first or last  the crafty man is
 catched in his own snare4 ,these seeds 
of piety were  so seasonably planted1   
and so continually watered with the     
daily dew  of ,god's blessed ,spirit1   
that his infant virtues grew into such  
holy  habits1 as did make him grow daily
 into more and more favour both with    
,god and man2 which1 with the great     
learning that he did after attain  to1  
hath made ,richard ,hooker honoured in  
this1 and will continue him  to be so to
 succeeding generations4    ,sidenote3  
,john ,hooker    ,this good             
,school-master1 whose name ,i am not    
able to recover1--and  am sorry1 for    
that ,i would have given him a better   
memorial in this  humble monument1      
dedicated to the memory of his          
scholar1--was very  solicitous with     
,john ,hooker1 then ,chamberlain of     
,exeter1 and uncle to  our ,richard1 to 

take his ,nephew into his care1 and to  
maintain him for  one year in the       
,university1 and in the mean time to use
 his endeavours  to procure an admission
 for him into some ,college1 though it  
were but  in a mean degree2 still urging
 and assuring him1 that his charge would
  not continue long2 for the lad's      
learning and manners were both so       
remarkable1 that they must of necessity 
be taken notice of2 and that  doubtless 
,god would provide him some second      
patron1 that would free  him and his    
,parents from their future care and     
charge4    ,sidenote3 ,bishop ,jewel    
,these reasons1 with the affectionate   
rhetoric of his good ,master1 and       
,god's blessing upon both1 procured from
 his ,uncle a faithful promise1  that he
 would take him into his care and charge
 before the expiration  of the year     
following1 which was performed by him1  
and with the  assistance of the learned 
,mr4 ,john ,jewel2#a of whom this may be
  noted1 that he left1 or was about the 

first of ,queen ,mary's reign  expelled 
out of ,corpus ,christi ,college in     
,oxford1--of which he was a             
,fellow1--for adhering to the truth of  
those principles of ,religion to  which 
he had assented and given testimony in  
the days of her brother  and            
predecessor1 ,edward the ,sixth2 and    
this ,john ,jewel1 having within  a     
short time after1 a just cause to fear a
 more heavy punishment than  expulsion1 
was forced1 by forsaking this1 to seek  
safety in another  nation2 and1 with    
that safety1 the enjoyment of that      
doctrine and  worship for which he      
suffered4    ,but the cloud of that     
persecution and fear ending with the    
life of  ,queen ,mary1 the affairs of   
the ,church and ,state did then look    
more  clear and comfortable2 so that he1
 and with him many others of the  same  
judgment1 made a happy return into      
,england about the first of  ,queen     
,elizabeth2 in which year this ,john    
,jewel was sent a ,commissioner  or     

,visitor1 of the ,churches of the       
,western parts of this kingdom1 and     
especially of those in ,devonshire1 in  
which ,county he was born2 and  then and
 there he contracted a friendship with  
,john ,hooker1 the ,uncle  of our       
,richard4    ,sidenote3 ,at ,oxford     
,about the second or third year of her  
reign1 this ,john ,jewel was  made      
,bishop of ,salisbury2 and there being  
always observed in him a  willingness to
 do good1 and to oblige his friends1 and
 now a power  added to his willingness2 
this ,john ,hooker gave him a visit in  
,salisbury1 and besought him for        
charity's sake to look favourably upon  
a poor nephew of his1 whom ,nature had  
fitted for a scholar2 but the  estate of
 his parents was so narrow1 that they   
were unable to give him  the advantage  
of learning2 and that the ,bishop would 
therefore become  his patron1 and       
prevent him from being a tradesman1 for 
he was a boy  of remarkable hopes4 ,and 
though the ,bishop knew men do not      

usually  look with an indifferent eye   
upon their own children and relations1  
yet he assented so far to ,john ,hooker1
 that he appointed the boy and  his     
,school-master should attend him1 about 
,easter next following1 at  that place3 
which was done accordingly2 and then1   
after some questions  and observations  
of the boy's learning1 and gravity1 and 
behaviour1  the ,bishop gave his        
,school-master a reward1 and took order 
for an  annual pension for the boy's    
parents2 promising also to take him into
  his care for a future preferment1     
which he performed3 for about the       
fifteenth year of his age1 which was    
anno #aefg1 he was by the ,bishop       
appointed to remove to ,oxford1 and     
there to attend ,dr4 ,cole1#b  then     
,president of ,corpus ,christi ,college4
 ,which he did2 and ,dr4 ,cole          
had--according to a promise made to the 
,bishop--provided for him both  a       
,tutor--which was said to be the learned
 ,dr4 ,john ,reynolds1#c--;and a        

,clerk's place in that ,college3 which  
place1 though it were not a  full       
maintenance1 yet1 with the contribution 
of his ,uncle1 and  the continued       
pension of his patron1 the good ,bishop1
 gave him a  comfortable subsistence4   
,and in this condition he continued     
until the  eighteenth year of his age1  
still increasing in learning and        
prudence1  and so much in humility and  
piety1 that he seemed to be filled with 
the ,holy ,ghost2 and even like ,st4    
,john ,baptist1 to be sanctified from   
his mother's womb1 who did often bless  
the day in which she bare him4          
,sidenote3 ,a dangerous sickness        
,about this time of his age1 he fell    
into a dangerous sickness1 which  lasted
 two months2 all which time his ,mother1
 having notice of it1 did  in her hourly
 prayers as earnestly beg his life of   
,god1 as ,monica the  mother of ,st4    
,augustine did1 that he might become a  
true ,christian2  and their prayers were
 both so heard as to be granted4 ,which 

,mr4  ,hooker would often mention with  
much joy1 and as often pray that he     
might never live to occasion any sorrow 
to so good a mother2 of whom  he would  
often say1 he loved her so dearly1 that 
he would endeavour to  be good1 even as 
much for her's as for his own sake4     
,sidenote3 ,the ,bishop's horse    ,as  
soon as he was perfectly recovered from 
this sickness1 he took a  journey from  
,oxford to ,exeter1 to satisfy and see  
his good ,mother1  being accompanied    
with a countryman and companion of his  
own ,college1  and both on foot2 which  
was then either more in fashion1 or want
 of  money1 or their humility made it   
so3 but on foot they went1 and took     
,salisbury in their way1 purposely to   
see the good ,bishop1 who made  ,mr4    
,hooker and his companion dine with him 
at his own table3 which ,mr4  ,hooker   
boasted of with much joy and gratitude  
when he saw his mother  and friends3 and
 at the ,bishop's parting with him1 the 
,bishop gave  him good counsel1 and his 

benediction1 but forgot to give him     
money2  which1 when the ,bishop had     
considered1 he sent a servant in all    
haste  to call ,richard back to him3 and
 at ,richard's return1 the ,bishop said 
to him1 ,richard1 ,i sent for you back  
to lend you a horse1 which  hath carried
 me many a mile1 and1 ,i thank ,god1    
with much ease2 and  presently delivered
 into his hand a walking-staff1 with    
which he  professed he had travelled    
through many parts of ,germany4 ,and he 
said1  ,richard1 ,i do not give1 but    
lend you my horse3 be sure you be       
honest1  and bring my horse back to me  
at your return this way to ,oxford4 ,and
  ,i do now give you ten groats1 to bear
 your charges to ,exeter2 and here  is  
ten groats more1 which ,i charge you to 
deliver to your ,mother  and tell her ,i
 send her a ,bishop's benediction with  
it1 and beg the  continuance of her     
prayers for me4 ,and if you bring my    
horse back  to me1 ,i will give you ten 
groats more1 to carry you on foot to the

  ,college3 and so ,god bless you1 good 
,richard4    ,sidenote3 ,jewel's death  
,and this1 you may believe1 was         
performed by both parties4 ,but1 alas6  
the next news that followed ,mr4 ,hooker
 to ,oxford was1 that his learned  and  
charitable patron had changed this for a
 better life4 ,which happy  change may  
be believed1 for that as he lived1 so he
 died1 in devout  meditation and prayer3
 and in both so zealously1 that it      
became a  religious question1 ,whether  
his last ejaculations or his soul did   
first enter into ,heaven8    ,and now   
,mr4 ,hooker became a man of sorrow and 
fear3 of sorrow1 for the  loss of so    
dear and comfortable a patron2 and of   
fear for his future  subsistence4 ,but  
,dr4 ,cole raised his spirits from this 
dejection1 by  bidding him go cheerfully
 to his studies1 and assuring him1 he   
should neither want food nor            
raiment1--which was the utmost of his   
hopes1--for he would become his patron4 
,and so he was for about nine months1   

and not longer2 for about that  time    
this following accident did befall ,mr4 
,hooker4    ,sidenote3 ,bishop ,sandys  
,sidenote3 ,hooker's pupil    ,edwin    
,sandys#d--sometime ,bishop of ,london1 
and after ,archbishop of  ,york--had    
also been in the days of ,queen ,mary1  
forced1 by forsaking  this1 to seek     
safety in another nation2 where1 for    
some years1 ,bishop  ,jewel and he were 
companions at bed and board in ,germany2
 and where1  in this their exile1 they  
did often eat the bread of sorrow1 and  
by  that means they there began such a  
friendship1 as lasted till the  death of
 ,bishop ,jewel1 which was in           
,september1 #aega4 ,a little before     
which time the two ,bishops meeting1    
,jewel had an occasion to begin a  story
 of his ,richard ,hooker1 and in it gave
 such a character of  his learning and  
manners1 that though ,bishop ,sandys was
 educated  in ,cambridge1 where he had  
obliged1 and had many friends2 yet his  
resolution was1 that his son ,edwin     

should be sent to ,corpus ,christi      
,college in ,oxford1 and by all means be
 pupil to ,mr4 ,hooker1 though  his son 
,edwin was not much younger than ,mr4   
,hooker then was3 for the  ,bishop said1
 ,i will have a ,tutor for my son1 that 
shall teach him  learning by            
instruction1 and virtue by example3 and 
my greatest care  shall be of the last2 
and1 ,god willing1 this ,richard ,hooker
 shall be  the man into whose hands ,i  
will commit my ,edwin4 ,and the ,bishop 
did  so about twelve months1 or not much
 longer1 after this resolution4         
,sidenote3 ,hooker's behaviour    ,and  
doubtless1 as to these two1 a better    
choice could not be made2 for  ,mr4     
,hooker was now in the nineteenth year  
of his age2 had spent  five in the      
,university2 and had1 by a constant     
unwearied diligence1  attained unto a   
perfection in all the learned languages2
 by the help  of which1 an excellent    
tutor1 and his unintermitted studies1 he
 had  made the subtilty of all the arts 

easy and familiar to him1 and useful    
for the discovery of such learning as   
lay hid from common searchers4  ,so that
 by these1 added to his great reason1   
and his restless industry  added to     
both1 he did not only know more of      
causes and effects2 but  what he knew1  
he knew better than other men4 ,and with
 this knowledge  he had a most blessed  
and clear method of demonstrating what  
he  knew1 to the great advantage of all 
his pupils1--which in time were         
many1--but especially to his two first1 
his dear ,edwin ,sandys1 and his  as    
dear ,george ,cranmer2 of which there   
will be a fair testimony in the  ensuing
 relation4    ,this for ,mr4 ,hooker's  
learning4 ,and for his behaviour1       
amongst other  testimonies1 this still  
remains of him1 that in four years he   
was but  twice absent from the ,chapel  
prayers2 and that his behaviour there   
was such1 as shewed an awful reverence  
of that ,god which he then  worshipped  
and prayed to2 giving all outward       

testimonies that his  affections were   
set on heavenly things4 ,this was his   
behaviour towards  ,god2 and for that to
 man1 it is observable that he was never
 known to  be angry1 or passionate1 or  
extreme in any of his desires2 never    
heard to repine or dispute with         
,providence1 but1 by a quiet gentle     
submission and resignation of his will  
to the wisdom of his ,creator1  bore the
 burthen of the day with patience2 never
 heard to utter an  uncomely word3 and  
by this1 and a grave behaviour1 which is
 a divine  charm1 he begot an early     
reverence unto his person1 even from    
those  that at other times and in other 
companies1 took a liberty to cast  off  
that strictness of behaviour and        
discourse that is required in a         
,collegiate life4 ,and when he took any 
liberty to be pleasant1 his wit  was    
never blemished with scoffing1 or the   
utterance of any conceit  that bordered 
upon1 or might beget a thought of       
looseness in his  hearers4 ,thus mild1  

thus innocent and exemplary was his     
behaviour in  his ,college2 and thus    
this good man continued till his death1 
still  increasing in learning1 in       
patience1 and piety4    ,sidenote3      
,scholar of his ,college    ,in this    
nineteenth year of his age1 he was1     
,december #bd1 #aegc1  admitted to be   
one of the twenty ,scholars of the      
,foundation2 being  elected and so      
admitted as born in ,devon or           
,hantshire2 out of which  ,counties a   
certain number are to be elected in     
vacancies by the  ,founder's ,statutes4 
,and now as he was much encouraged1 so  
now he was  perfectly incorporated into 
this beloved ,college1 which was then   
noted  for an eminent ,library1 strict  
,students1 and remarkable ,scholars4    
,and  indeed it may glory1 that it had  
,cardinal ,poole1#e but more that it    
had ,bishop ,jewel1 ,dr4 ,john          
,reynolds1 and ,dr4 ,thomas ,jackson1#f 
of  that foundation4 ,the first famous  
for his learned ,apology for the        

,church of ,england1 and his ,defence of
 it against ,harding4#g ,the  second1   
for the learned and wise manage of a    
public dispute with ,john  ,hart1#h of  
the ,romish persuasion1 about the ,head 
and ,faith of the  ,church1 and after   
printed by consent of both parties4 ,and
 the third1  for his most excellent     
,exposition of the ,creed1 and other    
treatises2  all such as have given      
greatest satisfaction to men of the     
greatest  learning4 ,nor was ,dr4       
,jackson more note-worthy for his       
learning1 than  for his strict and pious
 life1 testified by his abundant love1  
and  meekness1 and charity to all men4  
,sidenote3 ,inceptor of ,arts           
,sidenote3 ,sir ,henry ,savile    ,and  
in the year #aegf1 ,february #bc1 ,mr4  
,hooker's ,grace was given him  for     
,inceptor of ,arts2 ,dr4 ,herbert       
,westphaling1#i a man of note for       
learning1 being then ,vice-,chancellor3 
and the ,act following he was  completed
 ,master1 which was anno #aegg1 his     

patron1 ,dr4 ,cole1 being               
,vice-,chancellor that year1 and his    
dear friend1 ,henry ,savile#aj  of      
,merton ,college1 being then one of the 
,proctors4 ',twas that ,henry  ,savile  
that was after ,sir ,henry ,savile1     
,warden of ,merton ,college1 and        
,provost of ,eton2 he which founded in  
,oxford two famous ,lectures2 and       
endowed them with liberal maintenance4  
,it was that ,sir ,henry ,savile that   
translated and enlightened the  ,history
 of ,cornelius ,tacitus1 with a most    
excellent ,comment2 and  enriched the   
world by his laborious and chargeable   
collecting the  scattered pieces of ,st4
 ,chrysostom1 and the publication of    
them in  one entire body in ,greek2 in  
which language he was a most judicious  
critic4 ,it was this ,sir ,henry ,savile
 that had the happiness to be a         
contemporary and familiar friend to ,mr4
 ,hooker2 and let posterity know  it4   
,and in this year of #aegg1 he was so   
happy as to be admitted ,fellow of  the 

,college2 happy also in being the       
contemporary and friend of that  ,dr4   
,john ,reynolds1 of whom ,i have lately 
spoken1 and of ,dr4 ,spencer2  both     
which were after and successively made  
,presidents of ,corpus  ,christi        
,college3 men of great learning and     
merit1 and famous in their  generations4
    ,sidenote3 ,sandys and ,cranmer     
,nor was ,mr4 ,hooker more happy in his 
contemporaries of his time and          
,college1 than in the pupilage and      
friendship of his ,edwin ,sandys and    
,george ,cranmer2 of whom my ,reader may
 note1 that this ,edwin ,sandys was     
after ,sir ,edwin ,sandys1 and as famous
 for his ,speculum ,europae1  as his    
brother ,george for making posterity    
beholden to his pen by a  learned       
relation and comment on his dangerous   
and remarkable ,travels2  and for his   
harmonious translation of the ,psalms of
 ,david1 the ,book of  ,job1 and other  
poetical parts of ,holy ,writ1 into most
 high and elegant  verse4 ,and for      

,cranmer1 his other pupil1 ,i shall     
refer my ,reader  to the printed        
testimonies of our learned ,mr4 ,camden1
 of ,fynes  ,moryson#aa and others4     
,this ,cranmer1 says ,mr4 ,camden in his
 ,annals of ,queen  ,elizabeth1--whose  
,christian name was ,george1 was a      
gentleman of  singular hopes1 the eldest
 son of ,thomas ,cranmer1 son of ,edmund
  ,cranmer1 the ,archbishop's brother3  
he spent much of his youth in  ,corpus  
,christi ,college in ,oxford1 where he  
continued ,master of ,arts  for some    
time before he removed1 and then betook 
himself to travel1  accompanying that   
worthy gentleman ,sir ,edwin ,sandys    
into ,france1  ,germany1 and ,italy1 for
 the space of three years2 and after    
their  happy return1 he betook himself  
to an employment under ,secretary       
,davison1 a ,privy ,councillor of note1 
who1 for an unhappy undertaking1  became
 clouded and pitied3 after whose fall1  
he went in place of  ,secretary with    
,sir ,henry ,killegrew in his ,embassage

 into ,france3 and  after his death he  
was sought after by the most noble ,lord
 ,mountjoy1  with whom he went into     
,ireland1 where he remained1 until in a 
battle  against the rebels near         
,carlingford1 an unfortunate wound put  
an end  both to his life1 and the great 
hopes that were conceived of him1 he    
being then but in the thirty-sixth year 
of his age4    ,sidenote3 ,a sacred     
friendship    ,betwixt ,mr4 ,hooker and 
these his two ,pupils1 there was a      
sacred  friendship2 a friendship made up
 of religious principles1 which         
increased daily by a similitude of      
inclinations to the same  recreations   
and studies2 a friendship elemented in  
youth1 and in an  university1 free from 
self-ends1 which the friendships of age 
usually  are not4 ,and in this sweet1   
this blessed1 this spiritual amity1 they
  went on for many years3 and as the    
holy ,prophet saith1 so they took  sweet
 counsel together1 and walked in the    
house of ,god as friends4  ,by which    

means they improved this friendship to  
such a degree of holy  amity1 as        
bordered upon heaven3 a friendship so   
sacred1 that when it  ended in this     
world1 it began in that next1 where it  
shall have no  end4    ,sidenote3       
,hooker's studies    ,and1 though this  
world cannot give any degree of pleasure
 equal to  such a friendship2 yet       
obedience to parents1 and a desire to   
know the  affairs1 manners1 laws1 and   
learning of other nations1 that they    
might  thereby become the more          
serviceable unto their own1 made them   
put off  their gowns1 and leave the     
,college and ,mr4 ,hooker to his        
studies1  in which he was daily more    
assiduous1 still enriching his quiet    
and capacious soul with the precious    
learning of the ,philosophers1          
,casuists1 and ,schoolmen2 and with them
 the foundation and reason of  all      
,laws1 both ,sacred and ,civil2 and     
indeed with such other learning  as lay 
most remote from the track of common    

studies4 ,and1 as he was  diligent in   
these1 so he seemed restless in         
searching the scope and  intention of   
,god's ,spirit revealed to mankind in   
the ,sacred ,scripture3  for the        
understanding of which1 he seemed to be 
assisted by the same  ,spirit with which
 they were written2 ,he that regardeth  
truth in the  inward parts1 making him  
to understand wisdom secretly4 ,and the 
good  man would often say1 that ,god    
abhors confusion as contrary to his     
nature2 and as often say1 ,that the     
,scripture was not writ to beget        
disputations and pride1 and opposition  
to government2 but charity and          
humility1 moderation1 obedience to      
authority1 and peace to mankind2  of    
which virtues1 he would as often say1 no
 man did ever repent  himself on his    
death-bed4 ,and that this was really his
 judgment1 did  appear in his future    
writings1 and in all the actions of his 
life4 ,nor  was this excellent man a    
stranger to the more light and airy     

parts  of learning1 as ,music and       
,poetry2 all which he had digested and  
made  useful2 and of all which the      
,reader will have a fair testimony in   
what  will follow4    ,sidenote3 ,hebrew
 ,lecturer    ,in the year #aegi1 the   
,chancellor of the ,university was given
 to  understand1 that the public ,hebrew
 ,lecture was not read according to  the
 ,statutes2 nor could be1 by reason of a
 distemper1 that had then  seized the   
brain of ,mr4 ,kingsmill1 who was to    
read it2 so that it lay  long unread1 to
 the great detriment of those that were 
studious of  that language4 ,therefore  
the ,chancellor writ to his             
,vice-,chancellor1  and the ,university1
 that he had heard such commendations of
 the  excellent knowledge of ,mr4       
,richard ,hooker in that tongue1 that he
  desired he might be procured to read  
it3 and he did1 and continued to  do so 
till he left ,oxford4    ,within three  
months after his undertaking this       
,lecture1--namely in  ,october          

#aegi1--;he was1 with ,dr4 ,reynolds and
 others1 expelled his  ,college2 and    
this ,letter1 transcribed from ,dr4     
,reynolds his own hand1  may give some  
account of it4    ,sidenote3 ,expulsion 
from ,college         ,to ,,sir         
,,francis ,,knolles4    ,i am sorry1    
,right ,honourable1 that ,i am enforced 
to make unto  you such a suit1 which ,i 
cannot move2 but ,i must complain of the
  unrighteous dealing of one of our     
,college1 who hath taken upon him1      
against all law and reason1 to expel out
 of our house both me and ,mr4  ,hooker1
 and three other of our fellows1 for    
doing that which by oath  we were bound 
to do4 ,our matter must be heard before 
the ,bishop  of ,winchester1 with whom  
,i do not doubt but we shall find       
equity4  ,howbeit1 forasmuch as some of 
our adversaries have said that the      
,bishop is already forestalled1 and will
 not give us such audience as  we look  
for2 therefore ,i am humbly to beseech  
your ,honour1 that you  will desire the 

,bishop1 by your letters1 to let us have
 justice2  though it be with rigour1 so 
it be justice3 our cause is so good1    
that  ,i am sure we shall prevail by it4
 ,thus much ,i am bold to request of    
your honour for ,corpus ,christi        
,college sake1 or rather for ,christ's  
sake2 whom ,i beseech to bless you with 
daily increase of his manifold  gifts1  
and the blessed graces of his ,holy     
,spirit4        ,your ,honour's in      
,christ to command1           ,,john    
,,reynolds4    ,,london1 ,october #i1   
#aegi4    ,sidenote3 ,at ,paul's ,cross 
,this expulsion was by ,dr4 ,john       
,barfoote1 then ,vice-,president of the 
,college1 and ,chaplain to ,ambrose     
,earl of ,warwick4 ,i cannot learn the  
pretended cause2 but that they were     
restored the same month is most         
certain4#ab ,i return to ,mr4 ,hooker in
 his ,college1 where he continued  his  
studies with all quietness1 for the     
space of three years2 about  which time 
he entered into ,sacred ,orders1 being  

then made ,deacon and  ,priest1 and1 not
 long after1 was appointed to preach at 
,st4 ,paul's  ,cross4#ac    ,sidenote3  
,his sermon    ,in order to which       
,sermon1 to ,london he came1 and        
immediately to the  ,shunamite's ,house2
 which is a ,house so called1 for that1 
besides  the stipend paid the ,preacher1
 there is provision made also for his   
lodging and diet for two days before1   
and one day after his ,sermon4  ,this   
house was then kept by ,john ,churchman1
 sometime a ,draper of good  note in    
,watling-street1 upon whom poverty had  
at last come like an  armed man1 and    
brought him into a necessitous          
condition2 which1 though  it be a       
punishment1 is not always an argument of
 ,god's disfavour2 for  he was a        
virtuous man4 ,i shall not yet give the 
like testimony of his  wife1 but leave  
the ,reader to judge by what follows4   
,but to this house  ,mr4 ,hooker came so
 wet1 so weary1 and weather-beaten1 that
 he was  never known to express more    

passion1 than against a friend that     
dissuaded him from footing it to        
,london1 and for finding him no easier  
an horse1--supposing the horse trotted  
when he did not2--and at this  time     
also1 such a faintness and fear         
possessed him1 that he would not  be    
persuaded two days' rest and quietness1 
or any other means could be  used to    
make him able to preach his ,sunday's   
,sermon2 but a warm bed1  and rest1 and 
drink proper for a cold1 given him by   
,mrs4 ,churchman1  and her diligent     
attendance added unto it1 enabled him to
 perform the  office of the day1 which  
was in or about the year #aeha4    ,and 
in this first public appearance to the  
world1 he was not so happy  as to be    
free from exceptions against a point of 
doctrine delivered  in his ,sermon2     
which was1 ,that in ,god there were two 
wills2 an  antecedent and a consequent  
will3 his first will1 ,that all mankind 
should be saved2 but his second will    
was1 ,that those only should be  saved1 

that did live answerable to that degree 
of grace which he had  offered or       
afforded them4 ,this seemed to cross a  
late opinion of ,mr4  ,calvin's1 and    
then taken for granted by many that had 
not a capacity  to examine it1 as it had
 been by him before1 and hath been since
 by  ,master ,henry ,mason1 ,dr4        
,jackson1 ,dr4 ,hammond1 and others of  
great  learning1 who believe that a     
contrary opinion intrenches upon the    
honour and justice of our merciful ,god4
 ,how he justified this1 ,i will  not   
undertake to declare2 but it was not    
excepted against--as ,mr4  ,hooker      
declares in his rational ,answer to ,mr4
 ,travers--by ,john  ,elmer#ad1 then    
,bishop of ,london1 at this time one of 
his auditors1  and at last one of his   
advocates too1 when ,mr4 ,hooker was    
accused for  it4    ,sidenote3 ,wanted a
 nurse6    ,sidenote3 ,his marriage     
,but the justifying of this doctrine did
 not prove of so bad  consequence1 as   
the kindness of ,mrs4 ,churchman's      

curing him of his  late distemper and   
cold2 for that was so gratefully        
apprehended by  ,mr4 ,hooker1 that he   
thought himself bound in conscience to  
believe all  that she said3 so that the 
good man came to be persuaded by her1   
that  he was a man of a tender          
constitution2 and that it was best for  
him to  have a wife1 that might prove a 
nurse to him2 such a one as might both  
prolong his life1 and make it more      
comfortable2 and such a one she  could  
and would provide for him1 if he thought
 fit to marry4 ,and he1  not considering
 that the children of this world are    
wiser in their  generation than the     
children of light2 but1 like a true     
,nathaniel1  fearing no guile1 because  
he meant none1 did give her such a power
  as ,eleazar was trusted with1--you may
 read it in the book of  ,genesis1--when
 he was sent to choose a wife for       
,isaac2 for even so he  trusted her to  
choose for him1 promising upon a fair   
summons to return  to ,london1 and      

accept of her choice2 and he did so in  
that1 or about  the year following4     
,now1 the wife provided for him was her 
daughter  ,joan1 who brought him neither
 beauty nor portion3 and for her        
conditions1 they were too like that     
wife's1 which is by ,solomon  compared  
to a dripping house3 so that the good   
man had no reason to  rejoice in the    
wife of his youth2 but too just cause to
 say with the  holy ,prophet1 ,wo is me1
 that ,i am constrained to have my      
habitation  in the tents of ,kedar6     
,this choice of ,mr4 ,hooker's--if it   
were his choice--may be wondered  at3   
but let us consider that the ,prophet   
,ezekiel says1 ,there is a  wheel within
 a wheel2 a secret sacred wheel of      
,providence1--most  visible in          
marriages1--guided by his hand1 that    
allows not the race  to the swift1 nor  
bread to the wise1 nor good wives to    
good men3  and ,he that can bring good  
out of evil--for mortals are blind to   
this  reason--only knows why this       

blessing was denied to patient ,job1 to 
meek ,moses1 and to our as meek and     
patient ,mr4 ,hooker4 ,but so it was2   
and let the ,reader cease to wonder1 for
 affliction is a divine diet2  which    
though it be not pleasing to mankind1   
yet ,almighty ,god hath  often1 very    
often1 imposed it as good1 though bitter
 physic to those  children whose souls  
are dearest to him4    ,sidenote3 ,at   
,drayton-,beauchamp    ,and by this     
marriage the good man was drawn from the
 tranquillity of  his ,college2 from    
that garden of piety1 of pleasure1 of   
peace1 and a  sweet conversation1 into  
the thorny wilderness of a busy world2  
into  those corroding cares that attend 
a married ,priest1 and a country        
,parsonage2 which was                   
,drayton-,beauchamp in ,buckinghamshire1
 not  far from ,aylesbury1 and in the   
,diocese of ,lincoln2 to which he  was  
presented by ,john ,cheney1 ,esq4--then 
,patron of it--the #ith of  ,december1  
#aehd1 where he behaved himself so as to

 give no occasion of  evil1 but as ,st4 
,paul adviseth a minister of ,god--in   
much patience1  in afflictions1 in      
anguishes1 in necessities1 in poverty   
and no doubt  in long-suffering2 yet    
troubling no man with his discontents   
and  wants4    ,sidenote3 ,res augusta  
domi    ,and in this condition he       
continued about a year2 in which time   
his two  pupils1 ,edwin ,sandys and     
,george ,cranmer1 took a journey to see 
their  tutor2 where they found him with 
a book in his hand1--it was the ,odes   
of ,horace1--he being then like humble  
and innocent ,abel1 tending his  small  
allotment of sheep in a common field2   
which he told his pupils  he was forced 
to do then1 for that his servant was    
gone home to dine1  and assist his wife 
to do some necessary household business4
 ,but when  his servant returned and    
released him1 then his two pupils       
attended  him unto his house1 where     
their best entertainment was his quiet  
company1 which was presently denied     

them3 for ,richard was called to  rock  
the cradle2 and the rest of their       
welcome was so like this1 that  they    
staid but till next morning1 which was  
time enough to discover  and pity their 
tutor's condition2 and they having in   
that time  rejoiced in the remembrance1 
and then paraphrased on many of the     
innocent recreations of their younger   
days1 and other like diversions1  and   
thereby given him as much present       
comfort as they were able1 they  were   
forced to leave him to the company of   
his wife ,joan1 and seek  themselves a  
quieter lodging for next night4 ,but at 
their parting from  him1 ,mr4 ,cranmer  
said1 ,good tutor1 ,i am sorry your lot 
is fallen in  no better ground1 as to   
your parsonage2 and more sorry that your
  wife proves not a more comfortable    
companion1 after you have wearied       
yourself in your restless studies4 ,to  
whom the good man replied1 ,my  dear    
,george1 if ,saints have usually a      
double share in the miseries  of this   

life1 ,i1 that am none1 ought not to    
repine at what my wise  ,creator hath   
appointed for me3 but labour--as indeed 
,i do daily--to  submit mine to his     
will1 and possess my soul in patience   
and peace4    ,sidenote3 ,master of the 
,temple    ,at their return to ,london1 
,edwin ,sandys acquaints his father1 who
 was  then ,archbishop of ,york1 with   
his ,tutor's sad condition1 and solicits
  for his removal to some benefice that 
might give him a more quiet and  a more 
comfortable subsistence2 which his      
father did most willingly  grant him    
when it should next fall into his power4
 ,and not long after  this time1 which  
was in the year #aehe1 ,mr4             
,alvey1--,master of the  ,temple1--died1
 who was a man of a strict life1 of     
great learning1 and  of so venerable    
behaviour1 as to gain so high a degree  
of love and  reverence from all men1    
that he was generally known by the name 
of  ,father ,alvey4 ,and at the         
,temple-reading1 next after the death of

 this  ,father ,alvey1 he1 the said     
,archbishop of ,york being then at      
dinner  with the ,judges1 the ,reader1  
and the ,benchers of that ,society1 met 
with a general condolement for the death
 of ,father ,alvey1 and with a  high    
commendation of his saint-like life1 and
 of his great merit both  towards ,god  
and man2 and as they bewailed his death1
 so they wished  for a like pattern of  
virtue and learning to succeed him4 ,and
 here  came in a fair occasion for the  
,bishop to commend ,mr4 ,hooker to      
,father  ,alvey's place1 which he did   
with so effectual an earnestness1 and   
that  seconded with so many other       
testimonies of his worth1 that ,mr4     
,hooker was sent for from               
,drayton-,beauchamp to ,london1 and     
there the  ,mastership of the ,temple   
proposed unto him by the ,bishop1 as a  
greater  freedom from his country cares1
 the advantages of a better society1    
and a more liberal pension than his     
country parsonage did afford him4  ,but 

these reasons were not powerful enough  
to incline him to a willing  acceptance 
of it3 his wish was rather to gain a    
better country living1  where he might  
see ,god's blessings spring out of the  
earth1 and be  free from noise1--so he  
expressed the desire of his heart1--and 
eat  that bread which he might more     
properly call his own1 in privacy  and  
quietness4 ,but1 notwithstanding this   
averseness1 he was at last  persuaded to
 accept of the ,bishop's proposal2 and  
was by ,patent for  life1 made ,master  
of the ,temple the #agth of ,march1     
#aehe1 he being then  in the #cdth year 
of his age4 ,this you may find in the   
,temple ,records4  ,william ,ermstead   
was master of the ,temple at the        
,dissolution of the  ,priory1 and died  
#b ,eliz4 7#aeei74 ,richard ,alvey1     
,bat4 ,divinity1 ,pat4  #ac ,febr4 #b   
,eliz4 ,magister1 sive ,custos ,doms et 
,ecchsi ,novi ,templi1  died #bg ,eliz4 
7#aehe74 ,richard ,hooker succeeded that
 year by ,patent1 in  terminis1 as      

,alvey had it1 and he left it #cc ,eliz4
 7#aeia74 ,that year  ,dr4 ,balgey      
succeeded ,richard ,hooker4    ,and here
 ,i shall make a stop2 and1 that the    
,reader may the better  judge of what   
follows1 give him a character of the    
times and temper of  the people of this 
nation1 when ,mr4 ,hooker had his       
admission into this  place2 a place     
which he accepted1 rather than desired3 
and yet here he  promised himself a     
virtuous quietness1 that blessed        
tranquillity which  he always prayed and
 laboured for1 that so he might in peace
 bring  forth the fruits of peace1 and  
glorify ,god by uninterrupted prayers   
and praises4 ,for this he always        
thirsted and prayed3 but ,almighty  ,god
 did not grant it2 for his admission    
into this place was the very  beginning 
of those oppositions and anxieties1     
which till then this  good man was a    
stranger to2 and of which the ,reader   
may guess by what  follows4             
,sidenote3 ,character of the times      

,sidenote3 ,hopes under ,elizabeth      
,in this character of the times1 ,i     
shall by the ,reader's favour1 and  for 
his information1 look so far back as to 
the beginning of the reign  of ,queen   
,elizabeth2 a time1 in which the many   
under pretended titles  to the ,crown1  
the frequent treasons1 the doubts of her
 successor1 the  late ,civil ,war1 and  
the sharp persecution for ,religion that
 raged to  the effusion of so much blood
 in the reign of ,queen ,mary1 were     
fresh  in the memory of all men2 and    
begot fears in the most pious and wisest
  of this nation1 lest the like days    
should return again to them1 or  their  
present posterity4 ,and the apprehension
 of these dangers1 begot  a hearty      
desire of a settlement in the ,church   
and ,state2 believing  there was no     
other probable way left to make them sit
 quietly under  their own vines and     
fig-trees1 and enjoy the desired fruit  
of their  labours4 ,but time1 and peace1
 and plenty begot self-ends3 and these  

begot animosities1 envy1 opposition1 and
 unthankfulness for those very          
blessings for which they lately         
thirsted1 being then the very utmost  of
 their desires1 and even beyond their   
hopes4    ,sidenote3 ,three parties     
,this was the temper of the times in the
 beginning of her reign2 and  thus it   
continued too long2 for those very      
people that had enjoyed  the desires of 
their hearts in a ,reformation from the 
,church of ,rome1  became at last so    
like the grave1 as never to be          
satisfied1 but were  still thirsting for
 more and more2 neglecting to pay that  
obedience1  and perform those vows1     
which they made in their days of        
adversities  and fear3 so that in short 
time there appeared three several       
interests1 each of them fearless and    
restless in the prosecution  of their   
designs3 they may for distinction be    
called1 the active  ,romanists1 the     
restless ,non-conformists1--of which    
there were many  sorts1--and the passive

 peaceable ,protestants4 ,the counsels  
of the  first considered and resolved on
 in ,rome2 the second both in ,scotland1
  in ,geneva1 and in divers selected1   
secret1 dangerous ,conventicles1  both  
there1 and within the bosom of our own  
nation3 the third pleaded  and defended 
their cause by established laws1 both   
,ecclesiastical and  ,civil3 and if they
 were active1 it was to prevent the     
other two from  destroying what was by  
those known ,laws happily established to
 them  and their posterity4    ,i shall 
forbear to mention the very many and    
dangerous plots of the  ,romanists      
against the ,church and ,state2 because 
what is principally  intended in this   
digression1 is an account of the        
opinions and  activity of the           
,non-conformists3 against whose judgment
 and practice  ,mr4 ,hooker became at   
last1 but most unwillingly1 to be       
engaged in a  book-war2 a war which he  
maintained not as against an enemy1 but 
with  the spirit of meekness and reason4

    ,sidenote3 ,the ,non-conformists    
,in which number of ,non-conformists1   
though some might be sincere1           
well-meaning men1 whose indiscreet zeal 
might be so like charity1 as  thereby to
 cover a multitude of their errors2 yet 
of this party  there were many that were
 possessed with a high degree of        
spiritual  wickedness2 ,i mean with an  
innate restless pride and malice2 ,i do 
not mean the visible carnal sins of     
gluttony and drunkenness1 and  the      
like1--from which1 good ,lord1 deliver  
us6--but sins of a higher  nature1      
because they are more unlike ,god1 who  
is the ,god of love1 and  mercy1 and    
order1 and peace3 and more like the     
,devil1 who is not  a glutton1 nor can  
be drunk1 and yet is a ,devil3 but ,i   
mean those  spiritual wickednesses of   
malice and revenge1 and an opposition to
  government3 men that joyed to be the  
authors of misery1 which is  properly   
his work that is the enemy and disturber
 of mankind2 and  thereby greater       

sinners than the glutton or drunkard1   
though some will  not believe it4 ,and  
of this party there were also many1 whom
 prejudice  and a furious zeal had so   
blinded1 as to make them neither to hear
  reason1 nor adhere to the ways of     
peace3 men that were the very dregs  and
 pest of mankind2 men whom pride and    
self-conceit had made to  over-value    
their own pitiful crooked wisdom so much
 as not to be  ashamed to hold foolish  
and unmannerly disputes against those   
men whom  they ought to reverence1 and  
those laws which they ought to obey2 men
  that laboured and joyed first to find 
out the faults1 and then speak  evil of 
,government1 and to be the authors of   
confusion2 men whom  company1 and       
conversation1 and custom had at last so 
blinded1 and made  so insensible that   
these were sins1 that like those that   
perished  in the gainsaying of ,korah1  
so these died without repenting of these
  spiritual wickednesses2 of which the  
practices of ,coppinger and  ,hacket#ae 

in their lives1 and the death of them   
and their adherents1  are1 ,god knows1  
too sad examples1 and ought to be       
cautions to those  men that are inclined
 to the like spiritual wickednesses4    
,sidenote3 ,growth of sedition    ,and  
in these times1 which tended thus to    
confusion1 there were  also many of     
these scruple-mongers1 that pretended a 
tenderness of  conscience1 refusing to  
take an oath before a lawful            
,magistrate3 and  yet these very men in 
their secret ,conventicles did covenant 
and  swear to each other1 to be         
assiduous and faithful in using their   
best  endeavours to set up the          
,presbyterian doctrine and discipline2  
and  both in such a manner as they      
themselves had not yet agreed on2 but   
up that government must4 ,to which end  
there were many that wandered  up and   
down and were active in sowing          
discontents and seditions1  by venomous 
and secret murmurings1 and a dispersion 
of scurrilous  pamphlets and libels     

against the ,church and ,state2 but     
especially  against the ,bishops2 by    
which means1 together with venomous and 
indiscreet sermons1 the common people   
became so fanatic1 as to believe  the   
,bishops to be ,antichrist1 and the only
 obstructers of ,god's  discipline6 and 
at last some of them were given over to 
so bloody a  zeal1 and such other       
desperate delusions1 as to find out a   
text in  the ,revelation of ,st4 ,john1 
that ,antichrist was to be overcome by  
the sword4 ,so that those very men1 that
 began with tender and meek  petitions1 
proceeded to admonitions3 then to       
satirical remonstrances3  and at        
last--having1 like ,absalom1 numbered   
who was not1 and who was1  for their    
cause--they got a supposed certainty of 
so great a party1  that they durst      
threaten first the ,bishops1 and then   
the ,queen and  ,parliament1 to all     
which they were secretly encouraged by  
the ,earl  of ,leicester1 then in great 
favour with her ,majesty1 and the       

reputed  cherisher and patron-general of
 these pretenders to tenderness of      
conscience2 his design being1 by their  
means1 to bring such an odium  upon the 
,bishops1 as to procure an alienation of
 their lands1 and a  large proportion of
 them for himself3 which avaricious     
desire had at  last so blinded his      
reason1 that his ambitious and greedy   
hopes seemed  to put him into a present 
possession of ,lambeth-,house4          
,sidenote3 ,scottish ,non-conformists   
,and to these undertakings the          
,non-conformists of this nation were    
much  encouraged and heightened by a    
correspondence and confederacy with     
that brotherhood in ,scotland2 so that  
here they become so bold1 that  one ,mr4
 ,dering#af told the ,queen openly in a 
sermon1 ,she was  like an untamed       
heifer1 that would not be ruled by      
,god's people1 but  obstructed his      
discipline4 ,and in ,scotland they were 
more confident2  for there ,vide ,bishop
 ,spotswood's ,history of the ,church of

 ,scotland  they declared her an        
,atheist1 and grew to such an height1 as
 not to be  accountable for any thing   
spoken against her1 nor for treason     
against  their own ,king1 if it were but
 spoken in the pulpit2 shewing at last  
such a disobedience to him1 that his    
mother being in ,england1 and then  in  
distress1 and in prison1 and in danger  
of death1 the ,church denied  the ,king 
their prayers for her2 and at another   
time1 when he had  appointed a day of   
,feasting1 the ,church declared for a   
general ,fast1  in opposition to his    
authority4    ,sidenote3 ,remedial      
measures4    ,to this height they were  
grown in both nations1 and by these     
means  there was distilled into the     
minds of the common people such other   
venomous and turbulent principles as    
were inconsistent with the safety  of   
the ,church and ,state3 and these       
opinions vented so daringly1 that1      
beside the loss of life and limbs1 the  
governors of the ,church and  ,state    

were forced to use such other severities
 as will not admit of an  excuse1 if it 
had not been to prevent the gangrene of 
confusion1 and  the perilous            
consequences of it2 which1 without such 
prevention1 would  have been first      
confusion1 and then ruin and misery to  
this numerous  nation4    ,sidenote3    
,spectator ab extra    ,these errors and
 animosities were so remarkable1 that   
they begot  wonder in an ingenious      
,italian1 who being about this time come
 newly  into this nation1 and           
considering them1 writ scoffingly to a  
friend in  his own country1 to this     
purpose2 ,that the common people of     
,england  were wiser than the wisest of 
his nation2 for here the very women and 
shop-keepers were able to judge of      
,predestination1 and to determine  what 
laws were fit to be made concerning     
,church-government2 and then1  what were
 fit to be obeyed or abolished4 ,that   
they were more able--or  at least       
thought so--to raise and determine      

perplexed ,cases of  ,conscience1 than  
the wisest of the most learned ,colleges
 in ,italy6  ,that men of the slightest 
learning1 and the most ignorant of the  
common people1 were mad for a new1 or   
super1 or re-reformation of  ,religion2 
and that in this they appeared like that
 man1 who would  never cease to whet and
 whet his knife1 till there was no steel
 left  to make it useful4 ,and he       
concluded his letter with this          
observation1  ,that those very men that 
were most busy in oppositions1 and      
disputations1 and controversies1 and    
finding out the faults of their         
governors1 had usually the least of     
humility and mortification1 or of  the  
power of godliness4    ,sidenote3       
,growth of ,atheism    ,and to heighten 
all these discontents and dangers1 there
 was also  sprung up a generation of    
godless men2 men that had so long given 
way  to their own lusts and delusions1  
and so highly opposed the blessed       
motions of ,his ,spirit1 and the inward 

light of their own consciences1  that   
they became the very slaves of vice1 and
 had thereby sinned  themselves into a  
belief of that which they would1 but    
could not  believe1 into a belief1 which
 is repugnant even to human nature2--for
  the ,heathens believe that there are  
many ,gods2--but these had sinned       
themselves into a belief that there was 
no ,god6 and so1 finding  nothing in    
themselves but what was worse than      
nothing1 began to wish  what they were  
not able to hope for1 namely1 ,that they
 might be like  the beasts that perish6 
and in wicked company--which is the     
,atheist's  sanctuary--were so bold as  
to say so3 though the worst of mankind1 
when he is left alone at midnight1 may  
wish1 but is not then able to  think it3
 even into a belief that there is no    
,god4 ,into this wretched1  this        
reprobate condition1 many had then      
sinned themselves4    ,sidenote3 ,john  
,whitgift    ,and now1 when the ,church 
was pestered with them1 and with all    

those  other fore-named irregularities2 
when her lands were in danger of        
alienation1 her power at least          
neglected1 and her peace torn to  pieces
 by several schisms1 and such heresies  
as do usually attend that  sin3--for    
heresies do usually out-live their first
 authors2--when the  common people      
seemed ambitious of doing those very    
things that were  forbidden and attended
 with most dangers1 that thereby they   
might be  punished1 and then applauded  
and pitied3 when they called the spirit 
of opposition a tender conscience1 and  
complained of persecution1  because they
 wanted power to persecute others3 when 
the giddy  multitude raged1 and became  
restless to find out misery for         
themselves  and others2 and the rabble  
would herd themselves together1 and     
endeavour to govern and act in spite of 
authority3--in this extremity  of fear1 
and danger of the ,church and ,state1   
when1 to suppress the  growing evils of 
both1 they needed a man of prudence and 

piety1 and  of an high and fearless     
fortitude1 they were blest in all by    
,john  ,whitgift1 his being made        
,archbishop of ,canterbury2 of whom ,sir
 ,henry  ,wotton--that knew him well in 
his youth1 and had studied him in his   
age--gives this true character2 ,that he
 was a man of reverend and  sacred      
memory1 and of the primitive temper2    
such a temper1 as when  the ,church by  
lowliness of spirit did flourish in     
highest examples of  virtue4 ,and indeed
 this man proved so4    ,and though ,i  
dare not undertake to add to this       
excellent and true  character of ,sir   
,henry ,wotton2 yet ,i shall neither do 
right to this  discourse1 nor to my     
,reader1 if ,i forbear to give him a    
further and  short account of the life  
and manners of this excellent man2 and  
it  shall be short1 for ,i long to end  
this digression1 that ,i may lead my    
reader back to ,mr4 ,hooker where we    
left him at the ,temple4    ,sidenote3  
,archbishop of ,canterbury    ,john     

,whitgift was born in the ,county of    
,lincoln1 of a family that  was ancient2
 and noted to be both prudent and       
affable1 and gentle  by nature4 ,he was 
educated in ,cambridge2 much of his     
learning was  acquired in ,pembroke     
,hall1--where ,mr4 ,bradford#ag the     
,martyr was his  tutor2--from thence he 
was removed to ,peter ,house2 from      
thence to be  ,master of ,pembroke      
,hall2 and from thence to the           
,mastership of ,trinity  ,college4      
,about which time the ,queen made him   
her ,chaplain2 and not  long after      
,prebend of ,ely1 and then ,dean of     
,lincoln2 and having for  many years    
past looked upon him with much reverence
 and favour1  gave him a fair testimony 
of both1 by giving him the ,bishoprick  
of  ,worcester1 and--which was not with 
her a usual favour--forgiving  him his  
first fruits2 then by constituting him  
,vice-,president of  the ,principality  
of ,wales4 ,and having experimented his 
wisdom1 his  justice1 and moderation in 

the manage of her affairs in both these 
places1 she1 in the twenty-sixth of her 
reign1 #aehc1 made him  ,archbishop of  
,canterbury1 and1 not long after1 of her
 ,privy ,council2  and trusted him to   
manage all her ,ecclesiastical affairs  
and  preferments4 ,in all which removes1
 he was like the ,ark1 which left a     
blessing on the place where it rested2  
and in all his employments was  like    
,jehoiada1 that did good unto ,israel4  
,these were the steps of this ,bishop's 
ascension to this place of  dignity and 
cares3 in which place--to speak ,mr4    
,camden's very words in  his ,annals of 
,queen ,elizabeth--he devoutly          
consecrated both his whole  life to     
,god1 and his painful labours to the    
good of his ,church4    ,and yet in this
 place he met with many oppositions in  
the regulation  of ,church affairs1     
which were much disordered at his       
entrance1 by  reason of the age and     
remissness of ,bishop ,grindal1#ah his  
immediate  predecessor1 the activity of 

the ,non-conformists1 and their chief   
assistant the ,earl of ,leicester2 and  
indeed by too many others of  the like  
sacrilegious principles4 ,with these he 
was to encounter2 and  though he wanted 
neither courage1 nor a good cause1 yet  
he foresaw1  that without a great       
measure of the ,queen's favour1 it was  
impossible  to stand in the breach that 
had been lately made into the lands and 
immunities of the ,church1 or indeed to 
maintain the remaining lands  and rights
 of it4 ,and therefore by justifiable   
sacred insinuations1  such as ,st4 ,paul
 to ,agrippa1--,agrippa1 believest thou8
 ,i know thou  believest1 he wrought    
himself into so great a degree of favour
 with  her1 as1 by his pious use of it1 
hath got both of them a great degree  of
 fame in this world1 and of glory in    
that into which they are now  both      
entered4    ,sidenote3 ,the little black
 husband    ,his merits to the ,queen1  
and her favours to him were such1 that  
she  called him1 her little black       

husband1 and called his servants her    
servants3 and she saw so visible and    
blessed a sincerity shine in all  his   
cares and endeavours for the ,church's  
and for her good1 that she  was supposed
 to trust him with the very secrets of  
her soul1 and to  make him her          
confessor2 of which she gave many fair  
testimonies2 and  of which one was1 that
 she would never eat flesh in ,lent1    
without  obtaining a licence from her   
little black husband3 and would often   
say she pitied him because she trusted  
him1 and had thereby eased  herself by  
laying the burthen of all her           
,clergy-cares upon his  shoulders1 which
 he managed with prudence and piety4    
,sidenote3 ,church-lands ,acts    ,i    
shall not keep myself within the        
promised rules of brevity in this       
account of his interest with her        
,majesty1 and his care of the ,church's 
rights1 if in this digression ,i should 
enlarge to particulars2 and  therefore  
my desire is1 that one example may serve

 for a testimony of  both4 ,and1 that   
the ,reader may the better understand   
it1 he may take  notice1 that not many  
years before his being made ,archbishop1
  there passed an ,act1 or ,acts of     
,parliament1 intending the better       
preservation of the ,church-lands1 by   
recalling a power which was  vested in  
others to sell or lease them1 by lodging
 and trusting the  future care and      
protection of them only in the ,crown3  
and amongst many  that made a bad use of
 this power or trust of the ,queen's1   
the ,earl  of ,leicester was one2 and   
the ,bishop having1 by his interest with
 her  ,majesty1 put a stop to the       
,earl's sacrilegious designs1 they two  
fell  to an open opposition before her2 
after which they both quitted the  room1
 not friends in appearance4 ,but the    
,bishop made a sudden and  seasonable   
return to her ,majesty1--for he found   
her alone--and spake  to her with great 
humility and reverence1 to this purpose4
    ,sidenote3 ,an address    ,i beseech

 your ,majesty to hear me with patience1
 and to believe that  your's and the    
,church's safety are dearer to me than  
my life1 but  my conscience dearer than 
both3 and therefore give me leave to do 
my  duty1 and tell you1 that ,princes   
are deputed nursing ,fathers of the     
,church1 and owe it a protection2 and   
therefore ,god forbid that you  should  
be so much as passive in her ruin1 when 
you may prevent it2  or that ,i should  
behold it without horror and            
detestation2 or should  forbear to tell 
your ,majesty of the sin and danger of  
,sacrilege4  ,and though you and myself 
were born in an age of frailties1 when  
the  primitive piety and care of the    
,church's lands and immunities are much 
decayed2 yet1 ,madam1 let me beg that   
you would first consider that  there are
 such sins as ,profaneness and          
,sacrilege3 and that1 if there  were    
not1 they could not have names in ,holy 
,writ1 and particularly  in the ,new    
,testament4 ,and ,i beseech you to      

consider1 that though our  ,saviour     
said1 ',he judged no man2' and1 to      
testify it1 would not judge  nor divide 
the inheritance betwixt the two         
brethren1 nor would judge  the woman    
taken in adultery2 yet in this point of 
the ,church's rights  he was so zealous1
 that he made himself both the accuser1 
and the  judge1 and the executioner too1
 to punish these sins2 witnessed1  in   
that he himself made the whip to drive  
the profaners out of the  ,temple1      
overthrew the tables of the             
money-changers1 and drove them out  of  
it4 ,and ,i beseech you to consider1    
that it was ,st4 ,paul that said  to    
those ,christians of his time that were 
offended with ,idolatry1 and  yet       
committed ,sacrilege2 ',thou that       
abhorrest ,idols1 dost thou commit      
,sacrilege8' supposing1 ,i think1       
,sacrilege the greater sin4 ,this  may  
occasion your ,majesty to consider1 that
 there is such a sin as  ,sacrilege2 and
 to incline you to prevent the ,curse   

that will follow  it1 ,i beseech you    
also to consider1 that ,constantine1 the
 first  ,christian ,emperor1 and ,helena
 his ,mother2 that ,king ,edgar1 and    
,edward  the ,confessor2 and indeed many
 others of your predecessors1 and many  
private ,christians1 have also given to 
,god1 and to his ,church1 much  land1   
and many immunities1 which they might   
have given to those of  their own       
families1 and did not2 but gave them for
 ever as an absolute  right and         
sacrifice to ,god3 and with these       
immunities and lands they  have entailed
 a curse upon the alienators of them3   
,god prevent your  ,majesty and your    
successors from being liable to that    
,curse1 which  will cleave unto         
,church-lands as the leprosy to the     
,jews4    ,and to make you1 that are    
trusted with their preservation1 the    
better  to understand the danger of it1 
,i beseech you forget not1 that1 to     
prevent these ,curses1 the ,church's    
land and power have been also           

endeavoured to be preserved1 as far as  
human reason and the law of  this nation
 have been able to preserve them1 by an 
immediate and most  sacred obligation on
 the consciences of the ,princes of this
 realm4  ,for they that consult ,magna  
,charta shall find1 that as all your    
predecessors were at their ,coronation1 
so you also were sworn before  all the  
,nobility and ,bishops then present1 and
 in the presence of  ,god1 and in his   
stead to him that anointed you1 to      
maintain the  ,church-lands1 and the    
rights belonging to it3 and this you    
yourself  have testified openly to ,god 
at the holy ,altar1 by laying your hands
  on the ,bible then lying upon it4 ,and
 not only ,magna ,charta1 but many      
modern ,statutes have denounced a ,curse
 upon those that break ,magna  ,charta2 
a ,curse like the leprosy1 that was     
entailed on the ,jews3 for  as that1 so 
these ,curses have1 and will cleave to  
the very stones of  those buildings that
 have been consecrated to ,god2 and the 

father's  sin of ,sacrilege hath1 and   
will prove to be entailed on his son and
  family4 ,and now1 ,madam1 what account
 can be given for the breach of  this   
,oath at the ,last ,great ,day1 either  
by your ,majesty1 or by me1 if  it be   
wilfully1 or but negligently violated1  
,i know not4    ,and therefore1 good    
,madam1 let not the late ,lord's        
exceptions  against the failings of some
 few ,clergymen prevail with you to     
punish  posterity for the errors of the 
present age2 let particular men suffer  
for their particular errors2 but let    
,god and his ,church have their         
inheritance3 and though ,i pretend not  
to prophecy1 yet ,i beg posterity  to   
take notice of what is already become   
visible in many families2  that         
,church-land added to an ancient and    
just inheritance1 hath proved  like a   
moth fretting a garment1 and secretly   
consumed both3 or like  the ,eagle that 
stole a coal from the altar1 and thereby
 set her nest  on fire1 which consumed  

both her young eagles and herself that  
stole  it4 ,and though ,i shall forbear 
to speak reproachfully of your ,father1 
yet ,i beg you to take notice1 that a   
part of the ,church's rights added  to  
the vast treasures left him by his      
,father1 hath been conceived to  bring  
an unavoidable consumption upon both1   
notwithstanding all his  diligency to   
preserve them4    ,and consider1 that   
after the violation of those laws1 to   
which he had  sworn in ,magna ,charta1  
,god did so far deny him his restraining
 grace1  that as ,king ,saul1 after he  
was forsaken of ,god1 fell from one sin 
to another2 so he1 till at last he fell 
into greater sins than ,i am  willing to
 mention4 ,madam1 ,religion is the      
foundation and cement of  human         
societies2 and when they that serve at  
,god's ,altar shall be  exposed to      
poverty1 then ,religion itself will be  
exposed to scorn1 and  become           
contemptible2 as you may already observe
 it to be in too many  poor ,vicarages  

in this nation4 ,and therefore1 as you  
are by a late  ,act or ,acts of         
,parliament1 entrusted with a great     
power to preserve or  waste the         
,church-lands2 yet dispose of them1 for 
,jesus' sake1 as  you have promised to  
men1 and vowed to ,god1 that is1 as the 
donors  intended3 let neither falsehood 
nor flattery beguile you to do          
otherwise2 but put a stop to ,god's and 
the ,levites' portion1 ,i beseech  you1 
and to the approaching ruins of ,his    
,church1 as you expect  comfort at the  
,last ,great ,day2 for ,kings must be   
judged4 ,pardon this  affectionate      
plainness1 my most dear ,sovereign1 and 
let me beg to be  still continued in    
your favour2 and the ,lord still        
continue you in  ,his4    ,sidenote3    
,its reception    ,the ,queen's patient 
hearing this affectionate speech1 and   
her future  care to preserve the        
,church's rights1 which till then had   
been  neglected1 may appear a fair      
testimony1 that he made her's and the   

,church's good the chiefest of his      
cares1 and that she also thought so4    
,and of this there were such daily      
testimonies given1 as begot betwixt     
them so mutual a joy and confidence1    
that they seemed born to believe  and do
 good to each other2 she not doubting   
his piety to be more than  all his      
opposers1 which were many2 nor doubting 
his prudence to be  equal to the        
chiefest of her ,council1 who were then 
as remarkable for  active wisdom1 as    
those dangerous times did require1 or   
this nation  did ever enjoy4 ,and in    
this condition he continued twenty      
years2 in  which time he saw some       
flowings1 but many more ebbings of her  
favour towards all men that had opposed 
him1 especially the ,earl of            
,leicester3 so that ,god seemed still to
 keep him in her favour1 that  he might 
preserve the remaining ,church-lands and
 immunities from  ,sacrilegious         
alienations4 ,and this good man deserved
 all the honour  and power with which   

she gratified and trusted him2 for he   
was a pious  man1 and naturally of noble
 and grateful principles3 he eased her  
of  all her ,church-cares by his wise   
manage of them2 he gave her faithful    
and prudent counsels in all the         
extremities and dangers of her  temporal
 affairs1 which were very many2 he lived
 to be the chief  comfort of her life in
 her declining age1 and to be then most 
frequently with her1 and her assistant  
at her private devotions2 he  lived to  
be the greatest comfort of her soul upon
 her death-bed1 to  be present at the   
expiration of her last breath1 and to   
behold the  closing of those eyes that  
had long looked upon him with reverence 
and  affection4 ,and let this also be   
added1 that he was the ,chief ,mourner  
at her sad funeral2 nor let this be     
forgotten1 that1 within a  few hours    
after her death1 he was the happy       
proclaimer1 that ,king  ,james--her     
peaceful successor--was heir to the     
,crown4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,bishop's    

works    ,sidenote3 ,his ,free-school   
,let me beg of my ,reader to allow me to
 say a little1 and but a little1  more  
of this good ,bishop1 and ,i shall then 
presently lead him back to  ,mr4        
,hooker2 and because ,i would hasten1 ,i
 will mention but one part of  the      
,bishop's charity and humility2 but this
 of both4 ,he built a large  ,alms-house
 near to his own ,palace at ,croydon in 
,surrey1 and endowed  it with           
maintenance for a ,master and           
twenty-eight poor men and women2  which 
he visited so often1 that he knew their 
names and dispositions2  and was so     
truly humble1 that he called them       
,brothers and ,sisters2 and  whensoever 
the ,queen descended to that lowliness  
to dine with him at  his ,palace in     
,lambeth1--which was very often1--he    
would usually the  next day shew the    
like lowliness to his poor ,brothers and
 ,sisters at  ,croydon1 and dine with   
them at his ,hospital2 at which time1   
you may  believe there was joy at the   

table4 ,and at this place he built also 
a fair ,free-school1 with a good        
accommodation and maintenance for the   
,master and ,scholars4 ,which gave just 
occasion for ,boyse ,sisi1 then         
,ambassador for the ,french ,king1 and  
resident here1 at the ,bishop's  death1 
to say1 the ,bishop had published many  
learned books2 but a  ,free-school to   
train up youth1 and an ,hospital to     
lodge and maintain  aged and poor       
people1 were the best evidences of      
,christian learning  that a ,bishop     
could leave to posterity4 ,this good    
,bishop lived to see  ,king ,james      
settled in peace1 and then fell into an 
extreme sickness  at his ,palace in     
,lambeth2 of which when the ,king had   
notice1 he  went presently to visit him1
 and found him in his bed in a declining
  condition and very weak2 and after    
some short discourse betwixt them1  the 
,king at his departure assured him1 ,he 
had a great affection for  him1 and a   
very high value for his prudence and    

virtues1 and would  endeavour to beg his
 life of ,god for the good of his       
,church4 ,to which  the good ,bishop    
replied1 ,pro ,ecclesia ,dei6 ,pro      
,ecclesia ,dei6 which  were the last    
words he ever spake2 therein testifying1
 that as in his  life1 so at his death1 
his chiefest care was of ,god's ,church4
    ,this ,john ,whitgift was made      
,archbishop in the year #aehc4 ,in which
 busy  place he continued twenty years  
and some months2 and in which time you  
may believe he had many trials of his   
courage and patience3 but his  motto was
 ,vincit qui patitur2 and he made it    
good4    ,sidenote3 ,his trials    ,many
 of his trials were occasioned by the   
then powerful ,earl of  ,leicester1 who 
did still--but secretly--raise and      
cherish a faction of  ,non-conformists  
to oppose him2 especially one ,thomas   
,cartwright1#ai  a man of noted         
learning1 sometime contemporary with the
 ,bishop in  ,cambridge1 and of the same
 ,college1 of which the ,bishop had been

  ,master2 in which place there began   
some emulations1--the particulars  ,i   
forbear1--and at last open and high     
oppositions betwixt them2 and in  which 
you may believe ,mr4 ,cartwright was    
most faulty1 if his expulsion  out of   
the ,university can incline you to it4  
,and in this discontent after the       
,earl's death1--which was #aehh1--,mr4  
,cartwright appeared a chief cherisher  
of a party that were for the  ,geneva   
,church-government2 and1 to effect it1  
he ran himself into many  dangers both  
of liberty and life1 appearing at the   
last to justify  himself and his party  
in many remonstrances1 which he caused  
to be  printed3 and to which the ,bishop
 made a first answer1 and ,cartwright   
replied upon him2 and then the ,bishop  
having rejoined to his first  reply1    
,mr4 ,cartwright either was1 or was     
persuaded to be1 satisfied1  for he     
wrote no more1 but left the ,reader to  
be judge which had  maintained their    
cause with most charity and reason4     

,after some  silence1 ,mr4 ,cartwright  
received from the ,bishop many personal 
favours  and betook himself to a more   
private living1 which was at ,warwick1  
where he was made ,master of an         
,hospital1 and lived quietly1 and grew  
rich2 and where the ,bishop gave him a  
licence to preach1 upon promises  not to
 meddle with controversies1 but incline 
his hearers to piety  and moderation3   
and this promise he kept during his     
life1 which ended  #afjb1 the ,bishop   
surviving him but some few months2 each 
ending his  days in perfect charity with
 the other4    ,and now after this long 
digression1 made for the information of 
my  ,reader concerning what follows1 ,i 
bring him back to venerable ,mr4        
,hooker1 where we left him in the       
,temple1 and where we shall find him  as
 deeply engaged in a controversy with   
,walter ,travers1#bj--;a friend  and    
favourite of ,mr4 ,cartwright's--as the 
,bishop had ever been with  ,mr4        
,cartwright himself1 and of which ,i    

shall proceed to give this  following   
account4    ,sidenote3 ,the new         
generation    ,sidenote3 ,thomas ,nashe 
,and first this2 that though the pens of
 ,mr4 ,cartwright and the ,bishop  were 
now at rest1 yet there was sprung up a  
new generation of restless  men1 that by
 company and clamours became possessed  
of a faith1 which  they ought to have   
kept to themselves1 but could not3 men  
that  were become positive in asserting1
 ,that a papist cannot be saved3        
insomuch1 that about this time1 at the  
execution of the ,queen of  ,scots1 the 
,bishop that preached her ,funeral      
,sermon--which was ,dr4  ,howland1#ba   
then ,bishop of ,peterborough--was      
reviled for not being  positive for her 
damnation4 ,and besides this boldness of
 their  becoming ,gods1 so far as to set
 limits to ,his mercies1 there was  not 
only one ,martin ,mar-,prelate1#bb but  
other venomous books daily  printed and 
dispersed2 books that were so absurd and
 scurrilous1 that  the graver ,divines  

disdained them an answer4 ,and yet these
 were grown  into high esteem with the  
common people1 till ,tom ,nash#bc       
appeared  against them all1 who was a   
man of a sharp wit1 and the master of  a
 scoffing1 satirical1 merry pen1 which  
he employed to discover  the absurdities
 of those blind1 malicious1 senseless   
pamphlets1 and  sermons as senseless as 
they2 ,nash's answers being like his    
books1  which bore these1 or like       
titles3 ,an ,almond for a ,parrot2 ,a   
,fig for  my ,godson2 ,come crack me    
this nut1 and the like2 so that this    
merry wit made some sport1 and such a   
discovery of their absurdities1         
as--which is strange--he put a greater  
stop to these malicious  pamphlets1 than
 a much wiser man had been able4        
,sidenote3 ,mr4 ,travers    ,and now the
 ,reader is to take notice1 that at the 
death of ,father  ,alvey1 who was       
,master of the ,temple1 this ,walter    
,travers was  ,lecturer there for the   
,evening ,sermons1 which he preached    

with great  approbation1 especially of  
some citizens1 and the younger gentlemen
 of  that ,society2 and for the most    
part approved by ,mr4 ,hooker himself1  
in the midst of their oppositions4 ,for 
he continued ,lecturer a part of  his   
time2 ,mr4 ,travers being indeed a man  
of competent learning1 of a  winning    
behaviour1 and of a blameless life4 ,but
 he had taken ,orders  by the           
,presbytery in ,antwerp1--and with them 
some opinions1 that could  never be     
eradicated1--and if in anything he was  
transported1 it was  in an extreme      
desire to set up that government in this
 nation2 for  the promoting of which he 
had a correspondence with ,theodore     
,beza at  ,geneva1 and others in        
,scotland2 and was one of the chiefest  
assistants  to ,mr4 ,cartwright in that 
design4    ,mr4 ,travers had also a     
particular hope to set up this          
government in  the ,temple1 and to that 
end used his most zealous endeavours to 
be  ,master of it2 and his being        

disappointed by ,mr4 ,hooker's          
admittance1  proved the occasion of a   
public opposition betwixt them in their 
,sermons3 many of which were concerning 
the doctrine and ceremonies  of this    
,church3 insomuch that1 as ,st4 ,paul   
withstood ,st4 ,peter to his  face1 so  
did they withstand each other in their  
,sermons3 for1 as one  hath pleasantly  
expressed it1 ,the forenoon ,sermon     
spake ,canterbury2  and the afternoon   
,geneva4    ,sidenote3 ,his petition    
,in these ,sermons there was little of  
bitterness1 but each party  brought all 
the reasons he was able to prove his    
adversary's opinion  erroneous4 ,and    
thus it continued a long time1 till the 
oppositions  became so visible1 and the 
consequences so dangerous1 especially in
  that place1 that the prudent          
,archbishop put a stop to ,mr4 ,travers 
his preaching1 by a positive            
prohibition4 ,against which ,mr4        
,travers  appealed1 and petitioned her  
,majesty's ,privy ,council to have it   

recalled2 where1 besides his patron1 the
 ,earl of ,leicester1 he met  also with 
many assisting friends3 but they were   
not able to prevail  with1 or against   
the ,archbishop1 whom the ,queen had    
intrusted with all  ,church-power2 and  
he had received so fair a testimony of  
,mr4 ,hooker's  principles1 and of his  
learning and moderation1 that he        
withstood  all solicitations4 ,but the  
denying this petition of ,mr4 ,travers1 
was  unpleasant to divers of his party2 
and the reasonableness of it became  at 
last to be so publicly magnified by     
them1 and many others of that  party1 as
 never to be answered3 so that1         
intending the ,bishop's and  ,mr4       
,hooker's disgrace1 they procured it to 
be privately printed and  scattered     
abroad2 and then ,mr4 ,hooker was forced
 to appear1 and make  as public an      
,answer2 which he did1 and dedicated it 
to the ,archbishop2  and it proved so   
full an answer1 an answer that had in it
 so much of  clear reason1 and writ with

 so much meekness and majesty of style1 
that the ,bishop began to have him in   
admiration1 and to rejoice that  he had 
appeared in his cause1 and disdained not
 earnestly to beg his  friendship2 even 
a familiar friendship with a man of so  
much quiet  learning and humility4      
,sidenote3 ,points at issue    ,to      
enumerate the many particular points in 
issue which ,mr4 ,hooker  and ,mr4      
,travers dissented1--all1 or most of    
which ,i have seen  written1--would     
prove at least tedious3 and therefore ,i
 shall impose  upon my ,reader no more  
than two1 which shall immediately       
follow1 and  by which he may judge of   
the rest4    ,mr4 ,travers excepted     
against ,mr4 ,hooker1 for that in one of
 his  ,sermons he declared1 ,that the   
assurance of what we believe by the     
,word of ,god is not to us so certain as
 that which we perceive by  sense4 ,and 
,mr4 ,hooker confesseth he said so1 and 
endeavours to  justify it by the reasons
 following4    ,first2 ,i taught that   

the things which ,god promises in his   
,word are  surer than what we touch1    
handle1 or see3 but are we so sure and  
certain of them8 ,if we be1 why doth    
,god so often prove his promises to  us 
as he doth1 by arguments drawn from our 
sensible experience8 ,for we  must be   
surer of the proof than of the things   
proved2 otherwise it is  no proof4 ,for 
example2 how is it that many men looking
 on the moon1 at  the same time1 every  
one knoweth it to be the moon as        
certainly as the  other doth8 but many  
believing one and the same promise1 have
 not all  one and the same fulness of   
persuasion4 ,for how falleth it out1    
that  men being assured of any thing by 
sense1 can be no surer of it than  they 
are2 when as the strongest in faith that
 liveth upon the earth  hath always need
 to labour1 strive1 and pray1 that his  
assurance  concerning heavenly and      
spiritual things may grow1 increase1 and
 be  augmented8    ,sidenote3 ,hooker's 
sermon    ,the ,sermon1 that gave him   

the cause of this his justification1    
makes the case more plain1 by declaring 
,that there is1 besides this  certainty 
of evidence1 a certainty of adherence4  
,in which having most  excellently      
demonstrated what the certainty of      
adherence is1 he  makes this comfortable
 use of it1 ,comfortable1 he says1 as to
 weak  believers1 who suppose themselves
 to be faithless1 not to believe1  when 
notwithstanding they have their         
adherence2 the ,holy ,spirit hath  his  
private operations1 and worketh secretly
 in them1 and effectually  too1 though  
they want the inward testimony of it4   
,tell this1 saith he1 to a man that hath
 a mind too much dejected by a  sad     
sense of his sin2 to one that1 by a too 
severe judging of himself1  concludes   
that he wants faith1 because he wants   
the comfortable  assurance of it2 and   
his answer will be1 do not persuade me  
against my  knowledge1 against what ,i  
find and feel in myself3 ,i do not1 ,i  
know1 ,i  do not believe4--,mr4         

,hooker's own words follow4--,well then1
 to favour  such men a little in their  
weakness1 let that be granted which they
  do imagine2 be it1 that they adhere   
not to ,god's promises1 but are         
faithless1 and without belief3 but are  
they not grieved for their  unbelief8   
,they confess they are2 do they not wish
 it might1 and also  strive that it may 
be otherwise8 ,we know they do4 ,whence 
cometh this1  but from a secret love and
 liking1 that they have of those things 
believed8 ,for no man can love those    
things which in his own opinion  are    
not2 and if they think those things to  
be1 which they show they  love1 when    
they desire to believe them2 then must  
it be1 that1 by  desiring to believe1   
they prove themselves true believers3   
for without  faith no man thinketh that 
things believed are3 which argument all 
the  subtilties of infernal powers will 
never be able to dissolve4 ,this  is an 
abridgement of part of the reasons ,mr4 
,hooker gives for his  justification of 

this his opinion1 for which he was      
excepted against  by ,mr4 ,travers4     
,sidenote3 ,answers to ,travers    ,mr4 
,hooker was also accused by ,mr4        
,travers1 for that he in one of his     
,sermons had declared1 ,that he doubted 
not but that ,god was merciful  to many 
of our forefathers living in ,popish    
superstition1 for as much  as they      
sinned ignorantly2 and ,mr4 ,hooker in  
his ,answer professeth  it to be his    
judgment1 and declares his reasons for  
this charitable  opinion to be as       
followeth4    ,but first1 he states the 
question about ,justification and       
,works1 and  how the foundation of      
,faith without works is overthrown2 and 
then he  proceeds to discover that way  
which natural men and some others  have 
mistaken to be the way1 by which they   
hope to attain true and  everlasting    
happiness3 and having discovered the    
mistaken1 he proceeds  to direct to that
 true way1 by which1 and no other1      
everlasting life  and blessedness is    

attainable4 ,and these two ways he      
demonstrates  thus2--they be his own    
words that follow3--,that1 the way of   
,nature2  this1 the way of ,grace2 the  
end of that way1 ,salvation merited1    
pre-supposing the righteousness of men's
 works2 their righteousness1  a natural 
ability to do them2 that ability1 the   
goodness of ,god1 which  created them in
 such perfection4 ,but the end of this  
way1 ,salvation  bestowed upon men as a 
gift3 pre-supposing not their           
righteousness1  but the forgiveness of  
their unrighteousness1 ,justification2  
their  justification1 not their natural 
ability to do good1 but their hearty    
sorrow for not doing1 and unfeigned     
belief in ,him1 for whose sake          
not-doers are accepted1 which is their  
,vocation2 their vocation1 the  election
 of ,god1 taking them out of the number 
of lost children3  their ,election1 a   
,mediator in whom to be elected2 this   
mediation1  inexplicable mercy3 this    
mercy1 supposing their misery for whom  

,he  vouchsafed to die1 and make        
,himself a ,mediator4    ,and he also   
declareth1 ,there is no meritorious     
cause for our  ,justification1 but      
,christ3 no effectual1 but his mercy2   
and says  also1 ,we deny the grace of   
our ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 we abuse1     
disannul  and annihilate the benefit of 
his passion1 if by a proud imagination  
we believe we can merit everlasting     
life1 or can be worthy of it4  ,this    
belief1 he declareth1 is to destroy the 
very essence of our  ,justification2 and
 he makes all opinions that border upon 
this to  be very dangerous4 ,yet        
nevertheless1--and for this he was      
accused1--considering how many virtuous 
and just men1 how many ,saints  and     
,martyrs have had their dangerous       
opinions amongst which this was  one1   
that they hoped to make ,god some part  
of amends1 by voluntary  punishments    
which they laid upon themselves3 because
 by this1 or the  like erroneous        
opinions1 which do by consequence       

overthrow the merits  of ,christ1 shall 
man be so bold as to write on their     
graves1 ',such men  are damned2 there is
 for them no ,salvation8' ,st4 ,austin  
says1 ,errare  possum1 ,hreticus esse   
nolo4 ,and except we put a difference   
betwixt  them that err ignorantly1 and  
them that obstinately persist in it1 how
  is it possible that any man should    
hope to be saved8 ,give me a ,pope  or  
,cardinal1 whom great afflictions have  
made to know himself1 whose  heart ,god 
hath touched with true sorrow for all   
his sins1 and filled  with a love of    
,christ and his ,gospel2 whose eyes are 
willingly open  to see the truth1 and   
his mouth ready to renounce all         
error1--this one  opinion of merit      
excepted1 which he thinketh ,god will   
require at his  hands2--and because he  
wanteth1 trembleth1 and is discouraged1 
and  yet can say1 ,lord1 cleanse me from
 all my secret sins6 shall ,i think1    
because of this1 or a like error1 such  
men touch not so much as the  hem of    

,christ's garment8 ,if they do1         
wherefore should ,i doubt1 but  that    
virtue may proceed from ,christ to save 
them8 ,no1 ,i will not be  afraid to say
 to such a one1 ,you err in your        
opinion2 but be of good  comfort2 you   
have to do with a merciful ,god1 who    
will make the best  of that little which
 you hold well2 and not with a captious 
sophister1  who gathereth the worst out 
of every thing in which you are         
mistaken4    ,but it will be said1 says 
,mr4 ,hooker1 the admittance of merit in
 any  degree overthroweth the           
foundation1 excludeth from the hope of  
mercy1  from all possibility of         
salvation4 7,and now ,mr4 ,hooker's own 
words  follow47    ,what1 though they   
hold the truth sincerely in all other   
parts of  ,christian faith2 although    
they have in some measure all the       
virtues  and graces of the ,spirit1     
although they have all other tokens of  
,god's  children in them8 although they 
be far from having any proud opinion1   

that they shall be saved by the         
worthiness of their deeds8 although  the
 only thing1 that troubleth and         
molesteth them1 be a little too  much   
dejection1 somewhat too great a fear    
arising from an erroneous  conceit1 that
 ,god will require a worthiness in them1
 which they are  grieved to find wanting
 in themselves8 although they be not    
obstinate  in this opinion8 although    
they be willing1 and would be glad to   
forsake it1 if any one reason were      
brought sufficient to disprove it8      
although the only cause why they do not 
forsake it ere they die1 be  their      
ignorance of that means by which it     
might be disproved8 although  the cause 
why the ignorance in this point is not  
removed1 be the want  of knowledge in   
such as should be able1 and are not1 to 
remove it8 ,let  me die1 says ,mr4      
,hooker1 if it be ever proved1 that     
simply an error  doth exclude a ,pope or
 ,cardinal in such a case utterly from  
hope of  life4 ,surely1 ,i must confess1

 that if it be an error to think that   
,god  may be merciful to save men1 even 
when they err1 my greatest comfort  is  
my error3 were it not for the love ,i   
bear to this error1 ,i would  never wish
 to speak or to live4    ,i was willing 
to take notice of these two points1 as  
supposing them  to be very material2 and
 that1 as they are thus contracted1 they
 may  prove useful to my ,reader2 as    
also for that the answers be arguments  
of ,mr4 ,hooker's great and clear       
reason1 and equal charity4 ,other       
exceptions were also made against him by
 ,mr4 ,travers1 as ,that he  prayed     
before1 and not after1 his ,sermons2    
that in his prayers he  named ,bishops2 
that he kneeled1 both when he prayed1   
and when he  received the ,sacrament2   
and--says ,mr4 ,hooker in his           
,defence--other  exceptions so like     
these1 as but to name1 ,i should have   
thought a  greater fault than to commit 
them4    ,sidenote3 ,his dove-like      
temper    ,and it is not unworthy the   

noting1 that1 in the manage of so great 
a  controversy1 a sharper reproof than  
this1 and one like it1 did never  fall  
from the happy pen of this humble man4  
,that like it was upon  a like occasion 
of exceptions1 to which his answer was1 
your next  argument consists of railing 
and of reasons3 to your railing ,i say  
nothing2 to your reasons ,i say what    
follows4 ,and ,i am glad of this  fair  
occasion to testify the dove-like temper
 of this meek1 this  matchless man4 ,and
 doubtless1 if ,almighty ,god had blest 
the ,dissenters  from the ceremonies and
 discipline of this ,church1 with a like
 measure  of wisdom and humility1       
instead of their pertinacious zeal1 then
  obedience and truth had kissed each   
other2 then peace and piety had         
flourished in our nation1 and this      
,church and ,state had been blessed     
like ,jerusalem1 that is at unity with  
itself3 but this can never be  expected1
 till ,god shall bless the common people
 of this nation with  a belief1 that    

,schism is a sin1 and they not fit to   
judge what is  ,schism3 and bless them  
also with a belief1 that there may be   
offences  taken which are not given1    
and1 that laws are not made for private 
men  to dispute1 but to obey4           
,sidenote3 ,his writings    ,and this   
also may be worthy of noting1 that these
 exceptions of ,mr4  ,travers against   
,mr4 ,hooker proved to be felix error1  
for they were  the cause of his         
transcribing those few of his ,sermons1 
which we now  see printed with his      
books2 and of his ,answer to ,mr4       
,travers his  ,supplication2 and of his 
most learned and useful ,discourse of   
,justification1 of ,faith1 and ,works3  
and by their transcription they  fell   
into such hands as have preserved them  
from being lost1 as too  many of his    
other matchless writings were3 and from 
these ,i have  gathered many            
observations in this discourse of his   
life4    ,sidenote3 ,ecclesiastical     
,polity    ,after the publication of his

 ,answer to the ,petition of ,mr4       
,travers1  ,mr4 ,hooker grew daily into 
greater repute with the most learned and
  wise of the nation2 but it had a      
contrary effect in very many of  the    
,temple1 that were zealous for ,mr4     
,travers1 and for his                   
,church-discipline2 insomuch1 that      
though ,mr4 ,travers left the place1    
yet the seeds of discontent could not be
 rooted out of that ,society1  by the   
great reason1 and as great meekness1 of 
this humble man3 for  though the chief  
,benchers gave him much reverence and   
encouragement1  yet he there met with   
many neglects and oppositions by those  
of ,master  ,travers' judgment2 insomuch
 that it turned to his extreme grief3   
and1 that he might unbeguile and win    
them1 he designed to write a            
deliberate1 sober treatise of the       
,church's power to make ,canons for  the
 use of ceremonies1 and by law to impose
 an obedience to them1 as  upon her     
children2 and this he proposed to do in 

,eight ,books of  the ,law of           
,ecclesiastical ,polity2 intending      
therein to shew such  arguments as      
should force an assent from all men1 if 
reason1 delivered  in sweet language1   
and void of any provocation1 were able  
to do it3  and1 that he might prevent   
all prejudice1 he wrote before it a     
large  ,preface1 or ,epistle to the     
,dissenting ,brethren1 wherein there    
were  such bowels of love1 and such a   
commixture of that love with reason1  as
 was never exceeded but in ,holy ,writ2 
and particularly by that of  ,st4 ,paul 
to his dear brother and fellow-labourer 
,philemon3 than which  none ever was    
more like this epistle of ,mr4          
,hooker's4 ,so that his dear  friend and
 companion in his studies1 ,dr4         
,spencer1 might1 after his  death1      
justly say1 ,what admirable height of   
learning1 and depth of  judgment1 dwelt 
in the lowly mind of this truly humble  
man--great in  all wise men's eyes1     
except his own2 with what gravity and   

majesty of  speech his tongue and pen   
uttered heavenly mysteries2 whose eyes1 
in  the humility of his heart1 were     
always cast down to the ground2 how  all
 things that proceeded from him were    
breathed as from the ,spirit of  ,love2 
as if he1 like the bird of the ,holy    
,ghost1 the ,dove1 had wanted           
gall3--let those that knew him not in   
his person1 judge these living  images  
of his soul1 his writings4    ,sidenote3
 ,desire for quietness    ,the          
foundation of these books was laid in   
the ,temple2 but he found  it no fit    
place to finish what he had there       
designed2 he therefore  earnestly       
solicited the ,archbishop for a remove  
from that place2 to  whom he spake to   
this purpose3 ,my ,lord1 when ,i lost   
the freedom of my  cell1 which was my   
,college1 yet ,i found some degree of it
 in my quiet  country parsonage3 but ,i 
am weary of the noise and oppositions of
 this  place2 and indeed ,god and       
,nature did not intend me for           

contentions1  but for study and         
quietness4 ,my ,lord1 my particular     
contests with ,mr4  ,travers here have  
proved the more unpleasant to me1       
because ,i believe  him to be a good    
man2 and that belief hath occasioned me 
to examine  mine own conscience         
concerning his opinions2 and1 to satisfy
 that1 ,i  have consulted the           
,scripture1 and other laws1 both human  
and divine1  whether the conscience of  
him1 and others of his judgment1 ought  
to be  so far complied with1 as to alter
 our frame of ,church-government1  our  
manner of ,god's worship1 our praising  
and praying to him1 and our  established
 ceremonies1 as often as his1 and other 
tender consciences  shall require us4   
,and in this examination1 ,i have not   
only satisfied  myself1 but have begun a
 ,treatise1 in which ,i intend a        
justification  of the ,laws of our      
,ecclesiastical ,polity2 in which design
 ,god and his  holy angels shall at the 
last great ,day bear me that witness    

which my  conscience now does2 that my  
meaning is not to provoke any1 but      
rather  to satisfy all tender           
consciences3 and ,i shall never be able 
to do  this1 but where ,i may study1 and
 pray for ,god's blessing upon my       
endeavours1 and keep myself in peace and
 privacy1 and behold ,god's  blessings  
spring out of my mother earth1 and eat  
my own bread without  oppositions2#bd   
and therefore1 if your ,grace can judge 
me worthy of  such a favour1 let me beg 
it1 that ,i may perfect what ,i have    
begun4    ,sidenote3 ,rector of         
,boscombe    ,sidenote3 ,prebend of     
,salisbury    ,about this time the      
,parsonage or ,rectory of ,boscum1 in   
the ,diocese of  ,sarum1 and six miles  
from that ,city1 became void4 ,the      
,bishop of ,sarum  is patron of it2 but 
in the vacancy of that ,see1--which was 
three  years betwixt the translation of 
,bishop ,pierce to the ,see of ,york1   
and  ,bishop ,caldwell's admission into 
it1--the disposal of that1 and all      

benefices belonging to that ,see1 during
 this said vacancy1 came to be  disposed
 of by the ,archbishop of ,canterbury3  
and he presented ,richard  ,hooker to it
 in the year #aeia4 ,and ,richard       
,hooker was also in the  said year      
instituted1 ,july #ag1 to be a ,minor   
,prebend of ,salisbury1 the  corps to it
 being ,nether-,haven1 about ten miles  
from that ,city2  which prebend was of  
no great value1 but intended chiefly to 
make  him capable of a better preferment
 in that church4 ,in this ,boscum he    
continued till he had finished four of  
his eight proposed books of  ,the ,laws 
of ,ecclesiastical ,polity1 and these   
were entered into the  ,register-,book  
in ,stationers' ,hall1 the #ith of      
,march1 #aeib1 but not  published till  
the year #aeid1 and then were with the  
before-mentioned  large and affectionate
 ,preface1 which he directs to them that
 seek--as  they term it--the reformation
 of the ,laws and ,orders               
,ecclesiastical  in the ,church of      

,england2 of which books ,i shall yet   
say nothing more1  but that he continued
 his laborious diligence to finish the  
remaining  four during his life2--of all
 which more properly hereafter2--but at 
,boscum he finished and published but   
only the first four1 being then  in the 
#cith year of his age4    ,he left      
,boscum in the year #aeie1 by a         
surrender of it into the  hands of      
,bishop ,caldwell3 and he presented     
,benjamin ,russell1 who was  instituted 
into it the #bcrd of ,june in the same  
year4    ,sidenote3 ,rector of          
,bishops-bourne    ,the ,parsonage of   
,bishop's ,bourne in ,kent1 three miles 
from ,canterbury1  is in that           
,archbishop's gift2 but1 in that latter 
end of the year  #aeid1 ,dr4 ,william   
,redman1 the ,rector of it1 was made    
,bishop of  ,norwich2 by which means the
 power of presenting to it was pro e    
vice in the ,queen2 and she presented   
,richard ,hooker1 whom she loved  well1 
to this good living of ,bourne1 the #gth

 ,july1 #aeie2 in which  living he      
continued till his death1 without any   
addition of dignity or  profit4    ,and 
now having brought our ,richard ,hooker 
from his birth-place1 to  this where he 
found a grave1 ,i shall only give some  
account of his  books and of his        
behaviour in this ,parsonage of ,bourne1
 and then give  a rest both to myself   
and my ,reader4    ,his first four books
 and large epistle have been declared to
 be  printed at his being at ,boscum1   
anno #aeid4 ,next ,i am to tell1 that   
at the end of these four books there    
was1 when he first printed them1  this  
,advertisement to the ,reader4 ,i have  
for some causes1 thought it  at this    
time more fit to let go these first four
 books by themselves1  than to stay both
 them and the rest1 till the whole might
 together  be published4 ,such          
generalities of the cause in question as
 are here  handled1 it will be perhaps  
not amiss to consider apart1 by way of  
introduction unto the books that are to 

follow concerning particulars2  in the  
mean time the ,reader is requested to   
mend the ,printer's errors1  as noted   
underneath4    ,sidenote3               
,ecclesiastical ,polity    ,sidenote3   
,the ,pope his reader    ,and ,i am next
 to declare1 that his ,fifth            
,book--which is larger than  his first  
four--was first also printed by itself1 
anno #aeig1  and dedicated to his       
patron--for till then he chose none--the
  ,archbishop4--,these books were read  
with an admiration of their  excellency 
in this1 and their just fame spread     
itself also into  foreign nations4 ,and 
,i have been told1 more than forty years
 past1  that either ,cardinal ,allen1#be
 or learned ,dr4 ,stapleton1#bf--;both  
,englishmen1 and in ,italy about the    
time when ,mr4 ,hooker's four books     
were first printed1--meeting with this  
general fame of them1 were  desirous to 
read an author1 that both the reformed  
and the learned of  their own ,romish   
,church did so much magnify2 and        

therefore caused  them to be sent for to
 ,rome3 and after reading them1 boasted 
to the  ,pope1--which then was ,clement 
the ,eighth1--,that though he had lately
  said1 he never met with an ,english   
book1 whose writer deserved the  name of
 author2 yet there now appeared a wonder
 to them1 and it would  be so to his    
,holiness1 if it were in ,latin3 for a  
poor obscure ,english  ,priest had writ 
four such books of ,laws1 and           
,church-polity1 and in a  style that    
expressed such a grave and so humble a  
majesty1 with such  clear demonstration 
of reason1 that in all their readings   
they had not  met with any that exceeded
 him3 and this begot in the ,pope an    
earnest  desire that ,dr4 ,stapleton    
should bring the said four books1 and1  
looking on the ,english1 read a part of 
them to him in ,latin2 which  ,dr4      
,stapleton did1 to the end of the first 
book2 at the conclusion of  which1 the  
,pope spake to this purpose3 ,there is  
no learning that this  man hath not     

searched into1 nothing too hard for his 
understanding3  this man indeed deserves
 the name of an author3 his books will  
get  reverence by age2 for there is in  
them such seeds of eternity1 that  if   
the rest be like this1 they shall last  
till the last fire shall  consume all   
learning4    ,sidenote3 ,king ,james on 
,hooker    ,nor was this high1 the only 
testimony and commendation given to his 
books2 for at the first coming of ,king 
,james into this kingdom1 he  enquired  
of the ,archbishop ,whitgift for his    
friend ,mr4 ,hooker1 that  writ the     
books of ,church-polity2 to which the   
answer was1 that he died  a year before 
,queen ,elizabeth1 who received the sad 
news of his death  with very much       
sorrow2 to which the ,king replied1 ,and
 ,i receive it  with no less1 that ,i   
shall want the desired happiness of     
seeing and  discoursing with that man1  
from whose books ,i have received such  
satisfaction3 indeed1 my ,lord1 ,i have 
received more satisfaction in  reading a

 leaf or paragraph1 in ,mr4 ,hooker1    
though it were but about  the fashion of
 ,churches1 or ,church-,music1 or the   
like1 but especially  of the            
,sacraments1 than ,i have had in the    
reading particular large  treatises     
written but of one of those subjects by 
others1 though  very learned men3 and ,i
 observe there is in ,mr4 ,hooker no    
affected  language3 but a grave1        
comprehensive1 clear manifestation of   
reason1  and that backed with the       
authority of the ,scripture1 the        
,fathers1 and  ,schoolmen1 and with all 
,law both sacred and civil4 ,and1 though
 many  others write well1 yet in the    
next age they will be forgotten2 but    
doubtless there is in every page of ,mr4
 ,hooker's book1 the picture  of a      
divine soul1 such pictures of truth and 
reason1 and drawn in  so sacred colours1
 that they shall never fade1 but give an
 immortal  memory to the author4 ,and it
 is so truly true1 that the ,king       
thought  what he spake1 that1 as the    

most learned of the nation have1 and    
still  do mention ,mr4 ,hooker with     
reverence2 so he also did never mention 
him but with the epithet of learned1 or 
judicious1 or reverend1 or  venerable   
,mr4 ,hooker4    ,sidenote3 ,a ,latin   
version    ,nor did his son1 our late   
,king ,charles the ,first1 ever mention 
him but  with the same reverence1       
enjoining his son1 our now gracious     
,king1  to be studious in ,mr4 ,hooker's
 books4 ,and our learned antiquary1 ,mr4
  ,camden in his ,annals1 #ebii1        
mentioning the death1 the modesty1 and  
other virtues of ,mr4 ,hooker1 and      
magnifying his books1 wished1 that1  for
 the honour of this1 and benefit of     
other nations1 they were turned  into   
the ,universal ,language4 ,which work1  
though undertaken by many1  yet they    
have been weary1 and forsaken it3 but   
the ,reader may now  expect it1 having  
been long since begun and lately        
finished1 by the  happy pen of ,dr4     
,earle1#bg now ,lord ,bishop of         

,salisbury1 of whom ,i  may justly      
say1--and let it not offend him1 because
 it is such a truth  as ought not to be 
concealed from posterity1 or those that 
now live1  and yet know him not1--that  
since ,mr4 ,hooker died1 none have lived
  whom ,god hath blessed with more      
innocent wisdom1 more sanctified        
learning1 or a more pious1 peaceable1   
primitive temper3 so that this          
excellent person seems to be only like  
himself1 and our venerable  ,richard    
,hooker1 and only fit to make the       
learned of all nations happy1  in       
knowing what hath been too long confined
 to the language of our  little island4 
,sidenote3 ,life at ,bishops-bourne     
,there might be many more and just      
occasions taken to speak of his  books1 
which none ever did or can commend too  
much2 but ,i decline  them1 and hasten  
to an account of his ,christian         
behaviour and death  at ,bourne2 in     
which place he continued his customary  
rules of  mortification and self-denial2

 was much in fasting1 frequent in       
meditation and prayers1 enjoying those  
blessed returns1 which only men  of     
strict lives feel and know1 and of which
 men of loose and godless  lives cannot 
be made sensible2 for spiritual things  
are spiritually  discerned4             
,sidenote3 ,saravia's tracts    ,at his 
entrance into this place1 his friendship
 was much sought for  by ,dr4 ,hadrian  
,saravia1#bh then1 or about that time1  
made one of the  ,prebends of           
,canterbury2 a ,german by birth1 and    
sometime a pastor both  in ,flanders and
 ,holland1 where he had studied1 and    
well considered  the controverted points
 concerning ,episcopacy and sacrilege2  
and in  ,england had a just occasion to 
declare his judgment concerning both1   
unto his brethren ministers of the ,low 
,countries2 which was excepted  against 
by ,theodore ,beza and others2 against  
whose exceptions he  rejoined1 and      
thereby became the happy author of many 
learned  tracts writ in ,latin1         

especially of three2 one1 of the        
,degrees of  ,ministers1 and of the     
,bishops' superiority above the         
,presbytery2  a second1 against         
,sacrilege2 and a third of ,christian   
,obedience to  ,princes2 the last being 
occasioned by ,gretzerus the ,jesuit4#bi
 ,and  it is observable1 that when1 in a
 time of ,church tumults1 ,beza gave    
his reasons to the ,chancellor of       
,scotland for the abrogation of         
,episcopacy in that nation1 partly by   
letters1 and more fully in a  ,treatise 
of a threefold ,episcopacy1--which he   
calls divine1 human1 and                
satanical1--this ,dr4 ,saravia had1 by  
the help of ,bishop ,whitgift1 made     
such an early discovery of their        
intentions1 that he had almost  as soon 
answered that ,treatise as it became    
public2 and he therein  discovered how  
,beza's opinion did contradict that of  
,calvin's and  his adherents2 leaving   
them to interfere with themselves in    
point of  ,episcopacy4 ,but of these    

tracts it will not concern me to say    
more1  than that they were most of them 
dedicated to his1 and the ,church of    
,england's watchful patron1 ,john       
,whitgift1 the ,archbishop2 and printed 
about the time in which ,mr4 ,hooker    
also appeared first to the world1  in   
the publication of his first four books 
of ,ecclesiastical ,polity4    ,this    
friendship being sought for by this     
learned ,doctor1 you may  believe was   
not denied by ,mr4 ,hooker1 who was by  
fortune so like him1  as to be engaged  
against ,mr4 ,travers1 ,mr4 ,cartwright1
 and others of  their judgment1 in a    
controversy too like ,dr4 ,saravia's2 so
 that in  this year of #aeie1 and in    
this place of ,bourne1 these two        
excellent  persons began a holy         
friendship1 increasing daily to so high 
and  mutual affections1 that their two  
wills seemed to be but one and the      
same2 and their designs both for the    
glory of ,god1 and peace of the         
,church1 still assisting and improving  

each other's virtues1 and  the desired  
comforts of a peaceable piety2 which ,i 
have willingly  mentioned1 because it   
gives a foundation to some things that  
follow4    ,sidenote3 ,what went they   
out to see8    ,sidenote3 ,his          
bashfulnes    ,this ,parsonage of       
,bourne is from ,canterbury three miles1
 and near to  the common road that leads
 from that ,city to ,dover2 in which    
,parsonage  ,mr4 ,hooker had not been   
twelve months1 but his books1 and the   
innocency and sanctity of his life      
became so remarkable1 that  many turned 
out of the road1 and others--scholars   
especially--went  purposely to see the  
man1 whose life and learning were so    
much  admired3 and alas6 as our ,saviour
 said of ,st4 ,john ,baptist1 ,what went
  they out to see8 a man clothed in     
purple and fine linen8 ,no1 indeed3  but
 an obscure1 harmless man2 a man in poor
 clothes1 his loins usually  girt in a  
coarse gown1 or canonical coat2 of a    
mean stature1 and  stooping1 and yet    

more lowly in the thoughts of his soul2 
his body  worn out1 not with age1 but   
study and holy mortifications2 his face 
full of heat-pimples1 begot by his      
unactivity and sedentary life4  ,and to 
this true character of his person1 let  
me add this of his  disposition and     
behaviour3 ,god and ,nature blessed him 
with so blessed  a bashfulness1 that as 
in his younger days his pupils might    
easily  look him out of countenance2 so 
neither then1 nor in his age1 did he    
ever willingly look any man in the face3
 and was of so mild and humble  a       
nature1 that his poor ,parish-,clerk and
 he did never talk but with  both their 
hats on1 or both off1 at the same time3 
and to this may  be added1 that though  
he was not purblind1 yet he was short or
  weaksighted2 and where he fixed his   
eyes at the beginning of his  sermon1   
there they continued till it was ended3 
and the ,reader has a  liberty to       
believe1 that his modesty and dim sight 
were some of the  reasons why he trusted

 ,mrs4 ,churchman to choose his wife4   
,sidenote3 ,his ,parish ,clerk    ,this 
,parish-,clerk lived till the third or  
fourth year of the late ,long           
,parliament2 betwixt which time and ,mr4
 ,hooker's death there had come  many to
 see the place of his burial1 and the   
,monument dedicated to his  memory by   
,sir ,william ,cowper1 who still lives2 
and the poor ,clerk  had many rewards   
for shewing ,mr4 ,hooker's grave place1 
and his said  ,monument1 and did always 
hear ,mr4 ,hooker mentioned with        
commendations  and reverence2 to all    
which he added his own knowledge and    
observations of his humility and        
holiness2 and in all which discourses   
the poor man was still more confirmed in
 his opinion of ,mr4 ,hooker's  virtues 
and learning4 ,but it so fell out1 that 
about the said third or  fourth year of 
the ,long ,parliament1 the then present 
,parson of ,bourne  was                 
sequestered1--you may guess why1--and a 
,genevan ,minister put into  his good   

living4 ,this1 and other like           
sequestrations1 made the ,clerk  express
 himself in a wonder1 and say1 ,they had
 sequestered so many  good men1 that he 
doubted1 if his good master ,mr4 ,hooker
 had lived  till now1 they would have   
sequestered him too6    ,it was not long
 before this intruding ,minister had    
made a party in and  about the said     
,parish1 that were desirous to receive  
the ,sacrament as  in ,geneva2 to which 
end1 the day was appointed for a select 
company1  and forms and stools set about
 the altar1 or communion-table1 for them
  to sit and eat and drink3 but when    
they went about this work1 there  was a 
want of some joint-stools1 which the    
,minister sent the ,clerk to  fetch1 and
 then to fetch cushions1--but not to    
kneel upon4--,when the  ,clerk saw them 
begin to sit down1 he began to wonder2  
but the ,minister  bade him cease       
wondering1 and lock the ,church-door3 to
 whom he  replied1 ,pray take you the   
keys1 and lock me out3 ,i will never    

come  more into this ,church2 for all   
men will say1 my master ,hooker was a   
good man1 and a good scholar2 and ,i am 
sure it was not used to be  thus in his 
days3 and report says the old man went  
presently home and  died2 ,i do not say 
died immediately1 but within a few      
,christian days  after4#cj    ,sidenote3
 ,his ,christian behavior    ,but let us
 leave this grateful ,clerk in his quiet
 grave1 and return  to ,mr4 ,hooker     
himself1 continuing our observations of 
his ,christian  behaviour in this place1
 where he gave a holy valediction to all
 the  pleasures and allurements of      
earth2 possessing his soul in a virtuous
  quietness1 which he maintained by     
constant study1 prayers1 and            
meditations4 ,his use was to preach once
 every ,sunday1 and he1 or his  ,curate1
 to catechise after the second ,lesson  
in the ,evening ,prayer4  ,his ,sermons 
were neither long nor earnest1 but      
uttered with a grave  zeal and an humble
 voice3 his eyes always fixed on one    

place1 to  prevent imagination from     
wandering2 insomuch that he seemed to   
study as he spake4 ,the design of his   
,sermons--as indeed of all his          
discourses--was to shew reasons for what
 he spake2 and with these  reasons such 
a kind of rhetoric1 as did rather       
convince and persuade1  than frighten   
men into piety2 studying not so much for
 matter1--which  he never wanted1--as   
for apt illustrations1 to inform and    
teach his  unlearned hearers by familiar
 examples1 and then make them better by 
convincing applications2 never labouring
 by hard words1 and then by  heedless   
distinctions and sub-distinctions1 to   
amuse his hearers1 and  get glory to    
himself2 but glory only to ,god4 ,which 
intention1 he would  often say1 was as  
discernible in a ,preacher1 as a natural
 from an  artificial beauty4            
,sidenote3 ,fasting and prayer    ,he   
never failed the ,sunday before every   
,ember-week to give notice  of it to his
 parishioners1 persuading them both to  

fast1 and then  to double their         
devotions for a learned and a pious     
,clergy1 but  especially the last2      
saying often1 ,that the life of a pious 
,clergyman  was visible rhetoric2 and so
 convincing1 that the most godless      
men--though they would not deny         
themselves the enjoyment of their       
present lusts--did yet secretly wish    
themselves like those of the  strictest 
lives4 ,and to what he persuaded others1
 he added his own  example of fasting   
and prayer2 and did usually every       
,ember-week take  from the              
,parish-,clerk the key of the           
,church-door1 into which place he       
retired every day1 and locked himself up
 for many hours2 and did the  like most 
,fridays and other days of fasting4     
,he would by no means omit the customary
 time of ,procession1 persuading  all1  
both rich and poor1 if they desired the 
preservation of love1  and their        
,parish-rights and liberties1 to        
accompany him in his  perambulation2 and

 most did so3 in which perambulation he 
would  usually express more pleasant    
discourse than at other times1 and      
would then always drop some loving and  
facetious observations to be  remembered
 against the next year1 especially by   
the boys and young  people2 still       
inclining them1 and all his present     
parishioners1 to  meekness1 and mutual  
kindness and love2 because ,love thinks 
not evil1  but covers a multitude of    
infirmities4    ,sidenote3 ,parish work 
,he was diligent to enquire who of his  
,parish were sick1 or any ways          
distressed1 and would often visit them1 
unsent for2 supposing that  the fittest 
time to discover to them those errors1  
to which health and  prosperity had     
blinded them4 ,and having by pious      
reasons and prayers  moulded them into  
holy resolutions for the time to come1  
he would  incline them to confession and
 bewailing their sins1 with purpose  to 
forsake them1 and then to receive the   
,communion1 both as a  strengthening of 

those holy resolutions1 and as a seal   
betwixt ,god and  them of his mercies to
 their souls1 in case that present      
sickness did  put a period to their     
lives4    ,and as he was thus watchful  
and charitable to the sick1 so he was   
as diligent to prevent lawsuits2 still  
urging his parishioners and  neighbours 
to bear with each other's infirmities1  
and live in love1  because1 as ,st4     
,john says1 ,he that lives in love1     
lives in ,god3  for ,god is love4 ,and  
to maintain this holy fire of love      
constantly  burning on the altar of a   
pure heart1 his advice was to watch and 
pray1 and always keep themselves fit to 
receive the ,communion1  and then to    
receive it often2 for it was both a     
confirming and  strengthening of their  
graces4 ,this was his advice2 and at his
  entrance or departure out of any      
house1 he would usually speak to the    
whole family1 and bless them by name2   
insomuch1 that as he seemed his  youth  
to be taught of ,god1 so he seemed in   

this place to teach  his precepts as    
,enoch did1 by walking with him in all  
holiness and  humility1 making each day 
a step towards a blessed eternity4 ,and 
though1 in this weak and declining age  
of the world1 such examples are  become 
barren1 and almost incredible2 yet let  
his memory be blessed by  this true     
recordation1 because he that praises    
,richard ,hooker1  praises ,god who hath
 given such gifts to men2 and let this  
humble  and affectionate relation of him
 become such a pattern1 as may invite   
posterity to imitate these his virtues4 
,sidenote3 ,slanderous tongues          
,sidenote3 ,false accusations           
,sidenote3 ,a prayer    ,this was his   
constant behaviour both at ,bourne1 and 
in all the places  in which he lived3   
thus did he walk with ,god1 and tread   
the footsteps  of primitive piety2 and  
yet1 as that great example of meekness  
and  purity1 even our blessed ,jesus1   
was not free from false accusations1  no
 more was this disciple of his1 this    

most humble1 most innocent1  holy man4  
,his was a slander parallel to that of  
chaste ,susannah's by  the wicked       
,elders2 or that against ,st4           
,athanasius1 as it is recorded  in his  
life1--for this holy man had heretical  
enemies1--a slander  which this age     
calls trepanning4#ca ,the particulars   
need not a  repetition2 and that it was 
false1 needs no other testimony than the
  public punishment of his accusers1 and
 their open confession of  his          
innocency4 ,it was said1 that the       
accusation was contrived by a           
dissenting brother1 one that endured not
 ,church-ceremonies1 hating  him for his
 book's sake1 which he was not able to  
answer2 and his name  hath been told me2
 but ,i have not so much confidence in  
the relation1  as to make my pen fix a  
scandal on him to posterity2 ,i shall   
rather  leave it doubtful till the great
 day of revelation4 ,but this is        
certain1 that he lay under the great    
charge1 and the anxiety of this         

accusation1 and kept it secret to       
himself for many months2 and1 being  a  
helpless man1 had lain longer under this
 heavy burthen1 but that the  ,protector
 of the innocent gave such an accidental
 occasion1 as forced  him to make it    
known to his two dearest friends1 ,edwin
 ,sandys and  ,george ,cranmer1 who were
 so sensible of their tutor's           
sufferings1  that they gave themselves  
no rest1 till by their disquisitions and
  diligence they had found out the      
fraud1 and brought him the welcome      
news1 that his accusers did confess they
 had wronged him1 and begged  his       
pardon4 ,to which the good man's reply  
was to this purpose3 ,the  ,lord forgive
 them2 and the ,lord bless you for this 
comfortable news4  ,now have ,i a just  
occasion to say with ,solomon1 ',friends
 are born for  the days of adversity2'  
and such you have proved to me4 ,and to 
my  ,god ,i say1 as did the ,mother of  
,st4 ,john ,baptist1 ',thus hath the    
,lord  dealt with me1 in the day wherein

 he looked upon me1 to take away  my    
reproach among men4 ',and1 ,o my ,god6  
neither my life1 nor my  reputation1 are
 safe in my own keeping2 but in thine1  
who didst take  care of me when ,i yet  
hanged upon my mother's breast4 ,blessed
 are they  that put their trust in thee1
 ,o ,lord6 for when false witnesses were
  risen up against me2 when shame was   
ready to cover my face2 when my  flights
 were restless2 when my soul thirsted   
for a deliverance1 as the  hart panteth 
after the rivers of water2 then thou1   
,lord1 didst hear my  complaints1 pity  
my condition1 and art now become my     
deliverer2 and as  long as ,i live ,i   
will hold up my hands in this manner1   
and magnify thy  mercies1 who didst not 
give me over as a prey to mine enemies3 
the  net is broken1 and they are taken  
in it4 ,oh6 blessed are they that put   
their trust in thee6 and no prosperity  
shall make me forget those days  of     
sorrow1 or to perform those vows that ,i
 have made to thee in the  days of my   

affliction2 for with such sacrifices1   
thou1 ,o ,god1 art well  pleased2 and ,i
 will pay them4#cb    ,sidenote3 ,his   
charity    ,thus did the joy and        
gratitude of this good man's heart break
 forth2  and it is observable1 that as  
the invitation to this slander was his  
meek behaviour and dove-like simplicity1
 for which he was remarkable2  so his   
,christian charity ought to be imitated4
 ,for though the spirit  of revenge is  
so pleasing to mankind1 that it is never
 conquered but  by a supernatural grace1
 revenge being indeed so deeply rooted  
in  human nature1 that1 to prevent the  
excesses of it1--for men would not  know
 moderation1--,almighty ,god allows not 
any degree of it to any man1  but says  
vengeance is mine3 and though this be   
said positively  by ,god himself1 yet   
this revenge is so pleasing1 that man is
 hardly  persuaded to submit the manage 
of it to the time1 and justice1 and     
wisdom of his ,creator1 but would hasten
 to be his own executioner  of it4 ,and 

yet nevertheless1 if any man ever did   
wholly decline1 and  leave this pleasing
 passion to the time and measure of ,god
 alone1 it  was this ,richard ,hooker1  
of whom ,i write3 for when his          
slanderers  were to suffer1 he laboured 
to procure their pardon2 and when that  
was  denied him1 his reply was1 ,that   
however he would fast and pray  that    
,god would give them repentance1 and    
patience to undergo their  punishment4  
,and his prayers were so far returned   
into his own bosom1  that the first was 
granted1 if we may believe a penitent   
behaviour1  and an open confession4 ,and
 'tis observable1 that after this time  
he  would often say to ,dr4 ,saravia1   
,oh6 with what quietness did ,i enjoy   
my soul1 after ,i was free from the     
fears of my slander6 ,and how much  more
 after a conflict and victory over my   
desires of revenge6    ,sidenote3 ,a    
long sickness    ,about the year #afjj1 
and of his age forty-six1 he fell into a
 long  and sharp sickness1 occasioned by

 a cold taken in his passage by water   
betwixt ,london and ,gravesend1 from the
 malignity of which he was never        
recovered2 for after that time1 till his
 death1 he was not free from  thoughtful
 days and restless nights3 but a        
submission to ,his will that  makes the 
sick man's bed easy1 by giving rest to  
his soul1 made his  very languishment   
comfortable3 and yet all this time he   
was solicitous  in his study1 and said  
often to ,dr4 ,saravia1--who saw him    
daily1 and  was the chief comfort of his
 life1--,that he did not beg a long life
  of ,god for any other reason1 but to  
live to finish his three remaining      
books of ,polity2 and then1 ',lord1 let 
thy servant depart in peace2'  which was
 his usual expression4 ,and ,god heard  
his prayers1 though he  denied the      
,church the benefit of them1 as         
completed by himself2 and  'tis thought 
he hastened his own death1 by hastening 
to give life to  his books4 ,but this is
 certain1 that the nearer he was to his 

death1  more he grew in humility1 in    
holy thoughts1 and resolutions4         
,sidenote3 ,approaching end    ,about a 
month before his death1 this good man1  
that never knew1 or at  least never     
considered1 the pleasures of the palate1
 became first  to lose his appetite1 and
 then to have an averseness to all food1
  insomuch that he seemed to live some  
intermitted weeks by the smell of  meat 
only1 and yet still studied and writ4   
,and now his guardian angel  seemed to  
foretel him that the day of his         
dissolution drew near2 for  which his   
vigorous soul appeared to thirst4    ,in
 this time of his sickness and not many 
days before his death1 his  house was   
robbed2 of which he having notice1 his  
question was1 ,are my  books and written
 papers safe8 ,and being answered that  
they were2 his  reply was1 ,then it     
matters not2 for no other loss can      
trouble me4    ,sidenote3 ,closing hours
    ,sidenote3 ,last words    ,about one
 day before his death1 ,dr4 ,saravia1   

who knew the very  secrets of his       
soul1--for they were supposed to be     
confessors to  each other1--came to him1
 and1 after a conference of the benefit1
 the  necessity1 and safety of the      
,church's absolution1 it was resolved   
the  ,doctor should give him both that  
and the ,sacrament the following  day4  
,to which end the ,doctor came1 and1    
after a short retirement and  privacy1  
they two returned to the company2 and   
then the ,doctor  gave him and some of  
those friends which were with him1 the  
blessed  ,sacrament of the body and     
blood of our ,jesus4 ,which being       
performed1  the ,doctor thought he saw a
 reverend gaiety and joy in his face2   
but  it lasted not long2 for his bodily 
infirmities did return suddenly1  and   
became more visible1 insomuch that the  
,doctor apprehended death  ready to     
seize him2 yet1 after some amendment1   
left him at night1 with  a promise to   
return early the day following2 which he
 did1 and  then found him better in     

appearance1 deep in contemplation1 and  
not  inclinable to discourse2 which gave
 the ,doctor occasion to require  his   
present thoughts4 ,to which he replied1 
,that he was meditating the  number and 
nature of ,angels1 and their blessed    
obedience and order1  without which1    
peace could not be in ,heaven3 and ,oh6 
that it might be  so on ,earth6 ,after  
which words1 he said1 ,i have lived to  
see this  world is made up of           
perturbations2 and ,i have been long    
preparing to  leave it1 and gathering   
comfort for the dreadful hour of making 
my  account with ,god1 which ,i now     
apprehend to be near3 and though ,i have
  by his grace loved him in my youth1   
and feared him in mine age1 and         
laboured to have a conscience void of   
offence to him1 and to all men2  yet if 
thou1 ,o ,lord6 be extreme to mark what 
,i have done amiss1 who  can abide it8  
,and therefore1 where ,i have failed1   
,lord1 shew mercy  to me2 for ,i plead  
not my righteousness1 but the           

forgiveness of my  unrighteousness1 for 
,his merits1 who died to purchase pardon
 for  penitent sinners4 ,and since ,i   
owe thee a death1 ,lord1 let it not be  
terrible1 and then take thine own time3 
,i submit to it3 let not mine1  ,o      
,lord6 but let thy will be done4 ,with  
which expression he fell into  a        
dangerous slumber2 dangerous as to his  
recovery1 yet recover he did1  but it   
was to speak only these few words3 ,good
 ,doctor1 ,god hath heard  my daily     
petitions1 for ,i am at peace with all  
men1 and he is at peace  with me2 and   
from that blessed assurance ,i feel that
 inward joy1 which  this world can      
neither give nor take from me3 my       
conscience beareth me  this witness1 and
 this witness makes the thoughts of     
death joyful4 ,i  could wish to live to 
do the ,church more service2 but cannot 
hope it1  for my days are past as a     
shadow that returns not4 ,more he would 
have spoken1 but his spirits failed him2
 and1 after a short conflict  betwixt   

,nature and ,death1 a quiet sigh put a  
period to his last  breath1 and so he   
fell asleep4 ,and now he seems to rest  
like ,lazarus  in ,abraham's bosom4 ,let
 me here draw his curtain1 till with the
 most  glorious company of the          
,patriarchs and ,apostles1 the most     
,noble ,army  of ,martyrs and           
,confessors1 this most learned1 most    
humble1 holy man  shall also awake to   
receive an eternal tranquillity1 and    
with it a  greater degree of glory than 
common ,christians shall be made        
partakers  of4    ,sidenote3 ,a prayer  
,in the mean time1 ,bless1 ,o ,lord6    
,lord1 bless his brethren1 the ,clergy  
of this nation1 with effectual          
endeavours to attain1 if not to his     
great learning1 yet to his remarkable   
meekness1 his godly simplicity1  and his
 ,christian moderation2 for these will  
bring peace at the last4  ,and1 ,lord1  
let his most excellent writings be blest
 with what he  designed1 when he        
undertook them3 which was1 glory to     

thee1 ,o ,god6 on  high1 peace in thy   
,church1 and goodwill to mankind4 ,amen1
 ,amen4    ,,izaak ,,walton4            
,footnote #a3 ,dr4 ,john ,jewel was born
 in the ,parish of ,berry ,narber1 in   
,devon1 ,may #bdth1 #aebb4 ,he was      
educated at ,merton1 and ,corpus        
,christi  ,colleges1 ,oxford1 and in the
 reign of ,edward ,,vi1 he publickly    
professed the ,reformed ,religion4      
,during the reign of ,mary he remained  
abroad2 but on the accession of         
,elizabeth1 he returned1 and was  made  
,bishop of ,salisbury1 in #aeei4 ,in his
 controversy with the  ,roman           
,catholics1 he published his famous     
,apology for the ,church of  ,england1  
which was translated into several       
languages1 although it was  greatly     
opposed by the ,papists4 ,his fatigues  
abroad1 and his incessant  study1 so    
much impaired his constitution1 that he 
died1 ,sept4 #bast1  #aega4    ,footnote
 #b3 ,dr4 ,william ,cole1 #aeii1        
exchanged with ,dr4 ,reynolds the       

,presidentship of ,corpus ,christi      
,college for the ,deanery of ,lincoln1  
which he did not long enjoy4 ,he fled   
into ,germany in the time of  ,queen    
,mary1 and ,anthony ,wood names him as  
one of the exiles of ,geneva  engaged   
with ,miles ,coverdale in a new         
translation of the ,bible4    ,footnote 
#c3 ,he was professor of ,divinity in   
,oxford1 and died ,may  #bast1 #afjg4   
,it has been said that he was brought up
 in the ,romish  faith1 and that he was 
afterwards a strong supporter of the    
,puritans2 but ,fuller supposes that it 
was only for the sake of  giving        
satisfaction to some of the more tender 
consciences of the  ,non-conformists1   
since the virtue of ,reynolds was almost
 proverbial4    ,footnote #d3 ,one of   
,translators of the ,bible of #aefe1    
born at  ,hawkshead in ,lancashire in   
#aeai1 and educated at ,st4 ,john's     
,college1  ,cambridge1 where he embraced
 the ,protestant faith4 ,he was         
committed  to the ,tower and ,marshalsea

 for having preached in favour of ,lady 
,jane  ,grey2 and on his release he left
 the kingdom1 till the accession of     
,elizabeth1 by whom he was made ,bishop 
of ,worcester4 ,in #aegj1 he was        
translated to ,london1 in #aegf to      
,york1 and in #aehh1 he died3 his       
sermons are still admired1 and a most   
virtuous character is given him  by     
,fuller4 ,his son1 ,sir ,edward ,sandys1
 ,prebendary of ,york1 was born  about  
#aefa1 and is well known as the author  
of the tract entitled1  ,europae        
,speculum1 a view of the ,state of      
,religion in the ,western  parts of the 
,world4 ,he thus describes the various  
contrarieties of  the state and church  
of ,rome4 ,what pomp1 what riot1 to that
 of their  ,cardinals8 ,what severity of
 life comparable to that of their       
,heremits  and ,capuchins8 ,who         
wealthier than their ,prelates8 who     
poorer by vow  and profession than their
 ,mendicants8 ,on the one side of the   
street1  a cloister of ,virgins3 on the 

other a stye of courtezans1 with public 
toleration4 ,this day all in masks1 with
 all looseness and foolery3 to  morrow  
all in processions1 whipping themselves 
till the blood follow4  ,on one door an 
excommunication throwing to ,hell all   
transgressours3  on another a ,jubilee1 
or full discharge from all              
transgressions4 ,who  learneder in all  
kinds of sciences than their ,jesuits8  
what thing  more ignorant than their    
ordinary mass-priests8 ,what prince so  
able  to prefer his servants and        
followers as the ,pope1 and in so great 
multitude8 ,who able to take deeper or  
readier revenge on his enemies8  ,what  
pride equal unto his1 making ,kings kiss
 his pantofle8 ,what  humility greater  
than his1 shriving himself daily on his 
knees to an  ordinary priest8           
,footnote #e3 ,the name of this         
well-known ,english ,cardinal is omitted
  in the later editions4    ,footnote   
#f3 ,dr4 ,jackson was born at ,wilton on
 the ,wear1 in ,durham1 in  #aegi1 and  

was educated at ,queen's and ,corpus    
,christi ,colleges1 ,oxford4  ,he was   
made ,prebendary of ,winchester in      
#afce1 and ,dean of ,peterborough  in   
#afch2 he died in #afdj1 and his        
principal work is a ,commentary on  the 
,creed4    ,footnote #g3 ,dr4 ,thomas   
,harding1 educated at ,winchester       
school1 became  ,fellow of ,new         
,college1 ,oxford1 in #aecf4 ,he was the
 first ,king's ,hebrew  ,professor in   
that ,university1 and in the reign of   
,king ,edward ,,vi4 he  displayed great 
zeal for the ,reformed ,religion4 ,under
 ,queen ,mary he  abandoned his         
principles1 and obtained considerable   
preferment2  a ,prebend in the ,church  
of ,winchester1 and the ,treasurership  
of  ,salisbury4 ,on the accession of    
,queen ,elizabeth he adhered to the     
religion to which he had recently       
conformed1 and fled beyond sea to       
,louvain1 where he distinguished himself
 by writing against ,bishop  ,jewel's   
,challenge4 ,he had been ,chaplain to   

the ,duke of ,suffolk1  father of ,lady 
,jane ,grey4    ,footnote #h3 ,john     
,hart1 a ,jesuit1 was educated in the   
,university of  ,oxford4 ,in #aega he   
was admitted to the ,english ,college at
 ,douay1 and  in #aegh was ordained     
priest4 ,returning in #aehj to ,england1
 he was  apprehended1 tried1 and        
condemned to death2 but on the day of   
his  execution he was reprieved1 and    
sent back to the ,tower1 where he       
remained three years4 ,it was during his
 confinement in the ,tower that  he held
 a disputation with ,dr4 ,reynolds4 ,in 
#aehd1 being banished from  ,england1   
,hart proceeded to ,verdun and joined   
the ,society of ,jesus4 ,he  died at    
,jarislau1 in ,poland1 on #ai ,july1    
#aeid4    ,footnote #i3 ,a man of great 
piety of life1 and such gravity1 that he
  was scarcely ever seen to laugh4 ,he  
was a native of ,westphalia1  in        
,germany3 was ,canon of ,christ ,church1
 ,vice-,chancellor of the  ,university1 
and in #aehe-hf1 was consecrated ,bishop

 of ,hereford4    ,footnote #aj3 ,sir   
,h4 ,savile was born at ,over ,bradley1 
near ,halifax in  ,yorkshire1 ,nov4     
#cjth1 #aedi1 and was entered of ,merton
 ,college1 ,oxford4  ,he was ,greek and 
,mathematical ,preceptor to ,queen      
,elizabeth1 and was  one of the         
,translators of the ,bible1 under ,james
 ,i41 who knighted him  in #afjd4 ,he   
died ,feb4 #aith1 #afba-bb4    ,footnote
 #aa3 ,mr4 ,morrison1 ,secretary to     
,lord ,mountjoy1 and author  of ,an     
,itinerary1 containing his ten ,years   
,travels through the twelve  ,dominions 
of ,germany1 ,bohmerland1 ,switzerland1 
,denmark1 ,poland1  ,england1 ,scotland1
 and ,ireland2 divided into three       
,parts4 ,london1  #afag4 ,fol4          
,published after his death1 and         
originally written in  ,latin4          
,footnote #ab3 ,the later editions of   
the ,life of ,hooker omit the  account  
of this expulsion4    ,footnote #ac3 ,a 
pulpit cross formed of timber1 covered  
with lead1 and  mounted upon stone      

steps1 which stood in the midst of the  
,church-yard  of the ,cathedral2 in     
which ,sermons were preached by eminent 
,divines  every ,sunday in the forenoon1
 when the ,court1 the ,magistrates of   
the  ,city1 and a vast concourse of     
people usually attended4 ,there is      
notice  of its use so early as #abei1   
but it was not finished in its final    
form  until #addi1 by ,kemp1 ,bishop of 
,london1 and it was finally destroyed by
  order of ,parliament1 in #afdc4 ,the  
,corporation of ,london ordained that   
all ,ministers who came from a distance 
to preach at this ,cross1 were  to have 
lodgings and provision for five days2   
and the ,bishop of ,london  gave them   
notice of their place of residence4     
,footnote #ad3 ,the excellent ,aylmer1  
was born at ,aylmer-,hall1 in  ,norfolk1
 in #aeba1 and was ,tutor to ,lady ,jane
 ,grey2 he left ,england1  during the   
reign of ,mary1 and went to ,zurich4 ,he
 returned on  ,elizabeth's accession1   
and was made ,bishop of ,london in      

,march1  #aegf--g1 strictly governing   
the ,puritans throughout his ,prelacy4  
,he  died in #aeid4    ,footnote #ae3   
,two wretched fanatics2 the first died  
in prison1 and  the second was hanged in
 #aeia4 ,hacket was called by his       
followers  the supreme ,monarch of the  
world from whom all ,princes of ,europe 
hold  their sceptres1 and was held to be
 a greater prophet than ,moses or  ,john
 ,baptist1 even ,jesus ,christ1 who was 
come with his fan in his  hand to judge 
the world4 ,fuller says that ,hacket was
 of so cruel and  fierce a nature that  
he is reported to have bit off and eat  
down the  nose of his schoolmaster4     
,footnote #af3 ,edward ,dering1 a       
,puritan ,divine1 and a native of ,kent1
  educated at ,christ ,college1         
,cambridge4 ,he was suspended from his  
,lectureships on account of his         
nonconformity1 but he is commended as  a
 truly religious man1 whose pure and    
virtuous life was followed by a  happy  
death1 in #aegf4 ,he wrote some         

,sermons1 and a ,defence of ,bishop     
,jewel's ,apology for the ,church4      
,footnote #ag3 ,a mild and beneficent   
man burned by the ,papists at           
,smithfield1 ,july #a1 #aeee4           
,footnote #ah3 ,edmund ,grindal1        
,archbishop of ,canterbury1 born in     
#aeai1  at ,hinsingham1 in ,cumberland1 
and educated at ,cambridge4 ,in #aeeb he
  became ,prebendary of ,westminster1   
but on the death of ,king ,edward he    
retired to ,strasburg4 ,here he         
continued to reside till the accession  
of ,elizabeth1 who nominated him in     
#aeei to the ,see of ,london1 whence1   
in #aegj1 he was translated to ,york1   
and in #aege1 on the death of  ,parker1 
to ,canterbury4 ,his indulgence to the  
,puritans procured him the  ,queen's    
displeasure1 and for some time he was   
sequestered and confined  to his house1 
but in #aehb he resigned his office1 and
 died ,july #fth1  #aehc4    ,footnote  
#ai3 ,thomas ,cartwright was born in    
,hertfordshire in #aece1  and was       

educated at ,cambridge4 ,in #aefg he    
graduated ,b4,d41 and was  appointed    
,lady ,margaret ,professor of ,divinity4
 ,having vigorously  assailed the       
,church ,establishment in his lectures1 
he was deprived  of his professorship2  
whereupon he went to ,geneva1 and made  
the  acquaintance of ,beza4 ,in #aegb he
 revisited ,england1 and entered into  a
 long controversy with ,whitgift2 in    
#aegc he went to ,heidelberg1 and       
afterwards served as minister to the    
,english congregations at ,antwerp  and 
,middleburg4 ,on returning to ,england1 
in #aehe1 he was imprisoned by  order of
 ,bishop ,aylmer1 but was soon released 
at the instance of ,lord  ,burghley4 ,in
 #aeie he accompanied ,lord ,zouch to   
,guernsey1 remaining on  the island till
 #aeih4 ,he died at ,warwick on #bgth   
,december1 #afjc 7not1  as ,walton says1
 #afjb74 ,among his works are a ,latin  
,harmony of the  ,gospels1 ,commentaries
 on the ,colossians1 c4    ,footnote    
#bj3 ,walter ,travers1 who had been     

,fellow of ,trinity ,college1           
,cambridge1 to which ,cartwright        
removed1 and he was also his intimate   
friend1 and joint preacher with him in  
,antwerp4 ,when ,travers came  to       
,england1 he was made ,chaplain to ,lord
 ,burghley1 whose interest  procured him
 to be ,lecturer at the ,temple4        
,footnote #ba3 ,dr4 ,,richard ,,rowland1
 ,master of ,st4 ,john's ,college in    
,cambridge1 and the fourth ,bishop of   
,peterborough1 died in #afjj4 ,it  does 
not appear that he was the preacher on  
this occasion1 for ,gunton1  in his     
,history of the ,church of              
,peterborough1 states that it was       
,wickham1 ,bishop of ,lincoln4          
,footnote #bb3 ,in #aehh1 many satirical
 libels were published against  the     
,bishops1 written principally by a      
,society of men assuming the name  of   
,martin ,mar-,prelate2 some of them were
 entitled1 ,diotrephes1 the  ,minerals1 
the ,epistle to the ,convocation-,house1
 ,have you any work for  a ,cooper8 and 

,more work for a ,cooper1 referring to  
the ,defence  of the ,church and        
,bishops of ,england1 written by        
,cowper1 ,bishop of  ,winchester4 ,the  
real authors of these tracts1 were ,john
 ,penry1 a  ,welchman1 ,john ,udall1 and
 other ministers4    ,footnote #bc3     
,thomas ,nashe1 an ,english ,satirical  
writer1 baptized in  #aefg at           
,lowestoffe1 in ,suffolk1 and educated  
at ,st4 ,john's ,college1  ,cambridge4  
,as a master of invective he has no     
superior2 he died in  or before         
#afja4--;,an ,almond for a ,parrot1 was 
probably by ,lyly the  ,euphuist4 ,a    
,fig for my ,godson1 and ,come1 ,crack  
me this ,nut1 are  the after-titles of  
,pappe with an ,hatchet1 another tract  
of ,lyly's  7if we may believe the      
testimony of ,gabriel ,harvey74         
,footnote #bd3 ,in some of the later    
editions of the ,life of ,hooker1  this 
paragraph is thus altered--,and in this 
examination3 ,i have not  only satisfied
 myself1 but have begun a treatise in   

which ,i intend the  satisfaction of    
others1 by a demonstration of the       
reasonableness  of our ,laws of         
,ecclesiastical ,polity2 and therein    
laid a hopeful  foundation for the      
,church's peace2 and so as not to       
provoke your  adversary1 ,mr4           
,cartwright1 nor ,mr4 ,travers1 whom ,i 
take to be  mine--but not mine          
enemy--,god knows this to be my meaning4
 ,to which  end ,i have searched many   
books1 and spent many thoughtful hours2 
and ,i  hope not in vain1 for ,i write  
to reasonable men4 ,but1 my ,lord1 ,i   
shall  never be able to finish what ,i  
have begun1 unless ,i be removed into   
some quiet country parsonage1 where ,i  
may see ,god's blessings spring  out of 
my mother earth1 and eat mine own bread 
in peace and privacy4  ,a place where ,i
 may1 without disturbance1 meditate my  
approaching  mortality and that great   
account1 which all flesh must at the    
last  great day give to the ,god of all 
,spirits4 ,this is my design2 and as    

those are the designs of my heart1 so   
they shall1 by ,god's assistance1  be   
the constant endeavours of the uncertain
 remainder of my life4    ,footnote #be3
 ,he was for some time ,fellow of ,oriel
 ,college1 and  principal of ,st4 ,mary 
,hall4 ,he was made a ,cardinal by ,pope
 ,sixtus ,v4  in #aehg4 ,in #aehi1 he   
was appointed ,archbishop of ,mechlin in
 ,brabant1  and died on #fth ,october1  
#aeid4    ,footnote #bf3 ,it is         
ascertained by ,bishop ,king's letter to
 ,walton1  that it was ,dr4 ,stapleton  
who introduced the works of ,hooker to  
the  ,pope4 ,thomas ,stapleton was a    
,romish ,divine1 born in #aecf1 at      
,henfield1  in ,sussex1 and educated at 
,winchester1 and ,new ,college1 ,oxford4
 ,in  the reign of ,mary he was made    
,prebendary of ,chichester2 but at the  
accession of ,elizabeth he left         
,england1 and became ,professor of      
,divinity at ,douay4 ,he died at        
,louvain1 in #aeih1 and his works form  
four volumes in folio4    ,footnote #bg3

 ,dr4 ,john ,earle1 author of the       
,microcosmography1 or a  piece of the   
,world1 discovered in ,essays and       
characters1 was born  at ,york1 in      
#afja2 was educated at ,oxford1 and was 
,tutor to ,prince  ,charles4 ,in the    
,civil ,wars1 he lost both his property 
and preferments1  and attended the ,king
 abroad as his ,chaplain4 ,at the       
,restoration  he was made ,dean of      
,westminster1 in #affb was consecrated  
,bishop of  ,worcester1 and in #affc was
 translated to ,salisbury4 ,he died at  
,oxford1  #affe4 ,his translation of    
,hooker's ,polity was never printed4    
,footnote #bh3 ,a ,protestant ,divine1  
and ,professor of ,divinity at  ,leyden1
 born at ,artois in #aeca1 came to      
,england in #aehg4 ,he was the  bosom   
friend of ,whitgift4 ,for some time he  
was master of the ,free  ,grammar       
,school of ,southampton4 ,dr4 ,saravia  
was one of the ,translators  of ,king   
,james's ,bible1 and died in #afac4 ,his
 tracts have been printed1  both in     

,latin and ,english4    ,footnote #bi3  
,a most learned ,jesuit4 ,he read       
theological lectures  at ,ingolstadt1   
where he died in #afbe1 aged #fc years4 
,his works were  published at ,ratisbon1
 in #agcd-agda1 in #ag vols4 fol4       
,footnote #cj3 ,our biographer has      
lamented that it was not in his power   
to recover the name of ,mr4 ,hooker's   
worthy school-master4 ,that of  his     
grateful parish-clerk was ,sampson      
,horton4 ,it appears from the           
parish-register of ,bishop's-,bourne1   
that ,sampson ,horton was buried  the   
#ith of ,may #afdh1 an aged man who had 
been clarke to this parish1  by his own 
relation1 threescore yeares4            
,footnote #ca3 ,can there be any of     
friendship in snares1 hooks and         
trepans8    ,nothing but gins1 and      
snares and trapans for souls4--,dr4     
,south4    ,footnote #cb3 ,a certain    
lewd woman came to his chamber1 and     
solicited  his charity under this cogent
 argument1 'that if he should deny her1 

she would lay base attempts to his      
charge2' and by this means1 at  several 
times1 she had gotten money from him2   
until at last ,providence  was pleased  
to concern itself for the righting      
wronged innocence4 ,it  so fell out1    
that this woman came to him when his two
 dear friends ,mr4  ,sandys and ,mr4    
,cranmer were with him3 wondering to see
 such a person  come with so much       
confidence1 they inquired of their tutor
 the  occasion of it1 who in a little   
time tells them the truth of the whole  
abuse4 ,upon which they contrive a way  
to be present in his chamber1  where    
they might hear the whole discourse at  
her next coming4 ,an  opportunity soon  
offered1 and the lewd woman persisting  
in her threats  of laying ill things to 
his charge1 if she was denied what she  
came  for1 money1 his two friends       
stepped forth from behind the curtains  
to  her confusion and the shame of those
 who had employed her in so  vile an    
action2 for his slanderers were punished

 for this their vile  attempt1 who at   
their suffering shewed a penitent       
behaviour1 and made  an open            
confession4--,prince's ,worthies of     
,devon4          ,sidenote3 ,cowper's   
epitaph    ,this following ,epitaph was 
long since presented to the world1 in   
memory of ,mr4 ,,hooker1 by ,sir        
,,william ,,cowper1 who also built him a
  fair ,monument in ,bourne ,church1 and
 acknowledges him to have been his      
spiritual father4      ,though nothing  
can be spoke worthy his fame1    ,or the
 remembrance of that precious name1     
,judicious ,hooker2 though this cost be 
spent    ,on him1 that hath a lasting   
monument#a    ,in his own books2 yet    
ought we to express1    ,if not his     
worth1 yet our respectfulness4          
,church-,ceremonies he maintain'd2 then 
why    ,without all ceremony should he  
die8    ,was it because his life and    
death should be    ,both equal patterns 
of humility8    ,or that perhaps this   
only glorious one    ,was above all1 to 

ask1 why had he none8    ,yet he1 that  
lay so long obscurely low1    ,doth now 
preferr'd to greater honours go4        
,ambitious men1 learn hence to be more  
wise1    ,humility is the true way to   
rise3    ,and ,god in me this lesson did
 inspire1    ,to bid this humble man1   
,friend1 sit up higher4    ,footnote #a3
 ,on this monument is a bust of ,hooker1
 representing him in  his cap and gown4 
,,an ,,appendix  ,,to ,,the  ,,life ,,of
 ,,mr4 ,,richard ,,hooker4              
,sidenote3 ,other details    ,and now1  
having by a long and laborious search   
satisfied myself1 and ,i  hope my       
,reader1 by imparting to him the true   
relation of ,mr4 ,hooker's  life1 ,i am 
desirous also to acquaint him with some 
observations that  relate to it1 and    
which could not properly fall to be     
spoken till  after his death2 of which  
my ,reader may expect a brief and true  
account in the following ,appendix4     
,sidenote3 ,date of death    ,and first1
 it is not to be doubted but that he    

died in the  forty-seventh1 if not in   
the forty-sixth year of his age3 which  
,i  mention1 because many have believed 
him to be more aged3 but ,i have so     
examined it1 as to be confident ,i      
mistake not3 and for the year of  his   
death1 ,mr4 ,camden1 who in his ,annals 
of ,queen ,elizabeth1 #aeii1  mentions  
him with a high commendation of his life
 and learning1  declares him to die in  
the year #aeii2 and yet in that in of   
his  ,monument1 set up at the charge of 
,sir ,william ,cowper1 in ,bourne       
,church1 where ,mr4 ,hooker was buried1 
his death is there said to be  in anno  
#afjc2 but doubtless both are mistaken2 
for ,i have it attested  under the hand 
of ,william ,somner1 the ,archbishop's  
,registrar for the  ,province of        
,canterbury1 that ,richard ,hooker's    
,will bears date ,october  #bfth in anno
 #afjj1 and that it was proved the third
 of ,december  following4 ,and the      
,reader may take notice1 that since ,i  
first writ  this ,appendix to the ,life 

of ,mr4 ,hooker1 ,mr4 ,fulman1 of       
,corpus ,christi  ,college1 hath shewed 
me a good authority for the very day and
 hour  of ,mr4 ,hooker's death1 in one  
of his books of ,polity1 which had been 
,archbishop ,laud's4 ,in which book1    
beside many considerable marginal  notes
 of some passages of his time1 under the
 ,bishop's own hand1  there is also     
written in the title-page of that       
book--which now is  ,mr4 ,fulman's--this
 attestation3 ,ricardus ,hooker vir     
summis doctrin  dotibus ornatus1 de     
,ecclesia prcipue ,anglicana optime     
meritus1 obiit  ,novemb4 #b1 circiter   
horam secundam post-meridianum1 ,anno   
#afjj4    ,sidenote3 ,his daughters     
,and that at his death he left four     
daughters1 ,alice1 ,cicely1 ,jane and   
,margaret2 that he gave to each of them 
an hundred pounds2 that he left  ,joan1 
his wife1 his sole executrix2 and that1 
by his inventory his  estate--a great   
part of it being in books--came to      
#a1jib #is4 #b;d41  which was much more 

than he thought himself worth2 and which
 was not  got by his care1 much less by 
the good housewifery of his wife1 but   
saved by his trusty servant1 ,thomas    
,lane1 that was wiser than his  master  
in getting money for him1 and more      
frugal than his mistress in  keeping of 
it4 ,of which ,will of ,mr4 ,hooker's ,i
 shall say no more1 but  that his dear  
friend ,thomas1 the father of ,george   
,cranmer1--of whom  ,i have spoken1 and 
shall have occasion to say more1--was   
one of the  witnesses to it4    ,one of 
his elder daughters was married to one  
,chalinor1 sometime a  ,school-master in
 ,chichester1 and are both dead long    
since4 ,margaret1  his youngest         
daughter1 was married unto ,ezekiel     
,charke1 ,bachelor in  ,divinity1 and   
,rector of ,st4 ,nicholas in            
,harbledown1 near ,canterbury1  who died
 about sixteen years past1 and had a son
 ,ezekiel1 now living1  and in ,sacred  
,orders2 being at this time ,rector of  
,waldron1 in ,sussex4  ,she left also a 

daughter1 with both whom ,i have spoken 
not many months  past1 and find her to  
be a widow in a condition that wants    
not1 but  very far from abounding4 ,and 
these two attested unto me1 that        
,richard  ,hooker1 their grandfather1   
had a sister1 by name ,elizabeth        
,harvey1  that lived to the age of #aba 
years1 and died in the month of         
,september1 #affc4    ,for his other two
 daughters ,i can learn little          
certainty1 but have  heard they both    
died before they were marriageable4 ,and
 for his wife1  she was so unlike       
,jephtha's daughter1 that she staid not 
a comely time  to bewail her widowhood2 
nor lived long enough to repent her     
second  marriage2 for which1 doubtless1 
she would have found cause1 if there    
had been but four months betwixt ,mr4   
,hooker's and her death4 ,but she  is   
dead1 and let her other infirmities be  
buried with her4    ,thus much briefly  
for his age1 the year of his death1 his 
estate1 his  wife1 and his children4 ,i 

am next to speak of his books2          
concerning  which ,i shall have a       
necessity of being longer1 or shall     
neither  do right to myself1 or my      
,reader1 which is chiefly intended in   
this  ,appendix4    ,sidenote3 ,his     
books    ,i have declared in his ,life1 
that he proposed ,eight ,books1 and that
  his first ,four were printed anno     
#aeid1 and his ,fifth book first        
printed1 and alone1 anno #aeig2 and that
 he lived to finish the  remaining      
,three of the proposed ,eight3 but      
whether we have the  last ,three as     
finished by himself1 is a just and      
material question2  concerning which ,i 
do declare1 that ,i have been told      
almost forty  years past1 by one that   
very well knew ,mr4 ,hooker and the     
affairs of  his family1 that1 about a   
month after the death of ,mr4 ,hooker1  
,bishop  ,whitgift1 then ,archbishop of 
,canterbury1 sent one of his ,chaplains 
to  enquire of ,mrs4 ,hooker1 for the   
three remaining books of ,polity1  writ 

by her husband3 of which she would not1 
or could not1 give  any account3 and    
that about three months after that time 
the ,bishop  procured her to be sent for
 to ,london1 and then by his procurement
 she  was to be examined by some of her 
,majesty's ,council1 concerning the     
disposal of those books3 but1 by way of 
preparation for the next  day's         
examination1 the ,bishop invited her to 
,lambeth1 and after some  friendly      
questions1 she confessed to him1 that   
one ,mr4 ,charke1 and  another ,minister
 that dwelt near ,canterbury1 came to   
her1 and desired  that they might go    
into her husband's study1 and look upon 
some of  his writings3 and that there   
they two burnt and tore many of them1   
assuring her1 that they were writings   
not fit to be seen3 and that she  knew  
nothing more concerning them4 ,her      
lodging was then in ,king street  in    
,westminster1 where she was found next  
morning dead in her bed1 and  her new   
husband suspected and questioned for it2

 but he was declared  innocent of her   
death4    ,sidenote3 ,those of ,polity  
,and ,i declare also1 that ,dr4 ,john   
,spencer1--mentioned in the ,life of    
,mr4 ,hooker1--who was of ,mr4 ,hooker's
 ,college1 and of his time there1  and  
betwixt whom there was so friendly a    
friendship1 that they  continually      
advised together in all their studies1  
and particularly  in what concerned     
these books of ,polity--this ,dr4       
,spencer1 the ,three  perfect books     
being lost1 had delivered into his      
hands--,i think by  ,bishop             
,whitgift--the imperfect books1 or first
 rough draughts of  them1 to be made as 
perfect as they might be by him1 who    
both knew ,mr4  ,hooker's handwriting1  
and was best acquainted with his        
intentions4 ,and  a fair testimony of   
this may appear by an ,epistle1 first1  
and usually  printed before ,mr4        
,hooker's ,five books1--but omitted1 ,i 
know not why1  in the last impression of
 the ,eight printed together in anno    

#affb1 in  which the ,publishers seem to
 impose the three doubtful books1 to be 
the undoubted books of ,mr4             
,hooker1--with these two letters1 ,j4,s4
 at  the end of the said ,epistle1 which
 was meant for this ,john ,spencer3  in 
which ,epistle the ,reader may find     
these words1 which may give some        
authority to what ,i have here written  
of his last ,three books4    ,sidenote3 
,j4,s41 his ,epistle    ,and though ,mr4
 ,hooker hastened his own death by      
hastening to give  life to his books1   
yet he held out with his eyes to behold 
these  ,benjamins1 these sons of his    
right hand1 though to him they proved   
,benonies1 sons of pain and sorrow4 ,but
 some evil-disposed minds1  whether of  
malice or covetousness1 or wicked blind 
zeal1 it is  uncertain1 as soon as they 
were born1 and their father dead1       
smothered  them1 and by conveying the   
perfect copies1 left unto us nothing but
  the old1 imperfect1 mangled draughts1 
dismembered into pieces2 no  favour1 no 

grace1 not the shadow of themselves     
remaining in them4 ,had  the father     
lived to behold them thus defaced1 he   
might rightly have  named them          
,benonies1 the sons of sorrow3 but being
 the learned will  not suffer them to   
die and be buried1 it is intended the   
world shall  see them as they are2 the  
learned will find in them some shadows  
and  resemblances of their father's     
face4 ,god grant1 that as they were with
  their brethren dedicated to the       
,church for messengers of peace3 so1  in
 the strength of that little breath of  
life that remaineth in them1  they may  
prosper in their work1 and1 by          
satisfying the doubts of  such as are   
willing to learn1 they may help to give 
an end to the  calamities of these our  
civil wars4--,j4,s4    ,sidenote3 ,the  
,three ,books    ,and next the ,reader  
may note1 that this ,epistle of ,dr4    
,spencer's  was writ and first printed  
within four years after the death of    
,mr4 ,hooker1 in which time all diligent

 search had been made for  the perfect  
copies2 and then granted not            
recoverable1 and therefore  endeavoured 
to be completed out of ,mr4 ,hooker's   
rough draughts1 as  is expressed by the 
said ,dr4 ,spencer in the said ,epistle1
 since whose  death it is now fifty     
years4    ,and ,i do profess by the     
faith of a ,christian1 that ,dr4        
,spencer's  wife--who was my ,aunt1 and 
,sister to ,george ,cranmer1 of whom ,i 
have  spoken--told me forty years since1
 in these1 or in words to this  purpose3
 ,that her husband had made up1 or      
finished ,mr4 ,hooker's last  ,three    
books2 and that upon her husband's      
death-bed1 or in his last  sickness1 he 
gave them into her hand1 with a charge  
that they should  not be seen by any    
man1 but be by her delivered into the   
hands of the  then ,archbishop of       
,canterbury1 which was ,dr4 ,abbot1 or  
unto ,dr4 ,king1  then ,bishop of       
,london1 and that she did as he enjoined
 her4    ,i do conceive1 that from ,dr4 

,spencer's1 and no other copy1 there    
have  been divers transcripts2 and ,i   
know that these were to be found in     
several places2 as namely1 in ,sir      
,thomas ,bodley's ,library2 in that of  
,dr4 ,andrews1 late ,bishop of ,winton2 
in the late ,lord ,conway's2 in the     
,archbishop of ,canterbury's2 and in the
 ,bishop of ,armagh's2 and in many      
others3 and most of these pretended to  
be the ,author's own hand1 but  much    
disagreeing1 being indeed altered and   
diminished1 as men have  thought fittest
 to make ,mr4 ,hooker's judgment suit   
with their fancies1  or give authority  
to their corrupt designs2 and for proof 
of a part of  this1 take these following
 testimonies4    ,sidenote3 ,clavi      
,trabales    ,dr4 ,barnard1 sometime    
,chaplain to ,dr4 ,usher1 late ,lord    
,archbishop of  ,armagh1 hath declared  
in a late book1 called ,clavi ,trabales1
 printed  by ,richard ,hodgkinson1 anno 
#affa1 that1 in his search and          
examination  of the said ,bishop's      

manuscripts1 he found the ,three written
 books  which were supposed the ,sixth1 
,seventh1 and ,eighth of ,mr4 ,hooker's 
books of ,ecclesiastical ,polity2 and   
that in the said ,three books--now      
printed as ,mr4 ,hooker's--there are so 
many omissions1 that they amount  to    
many paragraphs1 and which cause many   
incoherencies3 the omissions  are set   
down at large in the said printed book1 
to which ,i refer  the ,reader for the  
whole2 but think fit in this place to   
insert this  following short part of    
some of the said omissions4             
,sidenote3 ,omissions    ,first1 as     
there could be in natural bodies no     
motion of any thing1  unless there were 
some first which moved all things1 and  
continued  unmoveable2 even so in       
politic societies there must be some    
unpunishable1 or else no man shall      
suffer punishment3 for sith  punishments
 proceed always from superiors1 to whom 
the administration  of justice          
belongeth2 which administration must    

have necessarily a  fountain1 that      
deriveth it to all others1 and receiveth
 not from any1  because otherwise the   
course of justice should go infinitely  
in a  circle1 every superior having his 
superior without end1 which cannot  be3 
therefore a well-spring1 it followeth1  
there is3 a supreme head of  justice1   
whereunto all are subject1 but itself in
 subjection to none4  ,which kind of    
pre-eminency if some ought to have in a 
kingdom1 who  but a ,king shall have it8
 ,kings1 therefore1 or no man1 can have 
lawful  power to judge4    ,if private  
men offend1 there is the ,magistrate    
over them1 which  judgeth2 if           
,magistrates1 they have their ,prince2  
if ,princes1 there is  ,heaven1 a       
tribunal1 before which they shall       
appear2 on earth they are  not          
accountable to any4 ,here1 says the     
,doctor1 it breaks off abruptly4    ,and
 ,i have these words also attested under
 the hand of ,mr4 ,fabian  ,philips1 a  
man of note for his useful books4 ,i    

will make oath1 if ,i  shall be         
required1 that ,dr4 ,sanderson1 the late
 ,bishop of ,lincoln1  did a little     
before his death affirm to me1 he had   
seen a manuscript  affirmed to him to be
 the hand-writing of ,mr4 ,richard      
,hooker1 in  which there was no mention 
made of the ,king or supreme governors  
being  accountable to the people4 ,this 
,i will make oath1 that that good man   
attested to me4                         
,,fabian ,,philips4 #a    ,so that there
 appears to be both omissions and       
additions in the said  last ,three      
printed books3 and this may probably be 
one reason why ,dr4  ,sanderson1 the    
said learned ,bishop1--whose writings   
are so highly and  justly valued1--gave 
a strict charge near the time of his    
death1 or  in his last ,will1 ,that     
nothing of his that was not already     
printed1  should be printed after his   
death4    ,sidenote3 ,king ,charles on  
,hooker    ,it is well known how high a 
value our learned ,king ,james put upon 

the books writ by ,mr4 ,hooker2 and     
known also that our late ,king          
,charles--the ,martyr for the           
,church--valued them the second of all  
books1 testified by his commending them 
to the reading of his son  ,charles1    
that now is our gracious ,king3 and you 
may suppose that this  ,charles the     
,first was not a stranger to the ,three 
pretended books1  because1 in a         
discourse with the ,lord ,say1 in the   
time of the ,long  ,parliament1 when the
 said ,lord required the ,king to grant 
the truth of  his argument1 because it  
was the judgment of ,mr4                
,hooker1--quoting him  in one of the    
three written books1 the ,king replied1 
,they were not  allowed to be ,mr4      
,hooker's books3 but1 however1 he would 
allow them  to be ,mr4 ,hooker's1 and   
consent to what his ,lordship proposed  
to prove  out of those doubtful books1  
if he would but consent to the judgment 
of ,mr4 ,hooker in the other five1 that 
were the undoubted books of ,mr4        

,hooker4    ,sidenote3 ,to the ,reader  
,in this relation concerning these      
,three doubtful books of ,mr4           
,hooker's1 my purpose was to enquire1   
then set down what ,i observed and      
know2 which ,i have done1 not as an     
engaged person1 but indifferently2  and 
now leave my ,reader to give sentence1  
for their legitimation1 as  to himself2 
but so as to leave others the same      
liberty of believing or  disbelieving   
them to be ,mr4 ,hooker's3 and 'tis     
observable1 that as  ,mr4 ,hooker       
advised with ,dr4 ,spencer1 in the      
design and manage of  these books2 so   
also1 and chiefly with his dear pupil1  
,george  ,cranmer1--whose sister was the
 wife of ,dr4 ,spencer1--of which this  
following letter may be a testimony1 and
 doth also give authority to  some      
things mentioned both in this ,appendix 
and in the ,life of ,mr4  ,hooker1 and  
is therefore added4 ,i4,w4              
,footnote #a3 ,a ,barrister of eminence1
 particularly noted for his  loyalty1   

born at ,prestbury1 in ,gloucestershire1
 in #afja4 ,he died in  #afij2 and was  
the ,author of several excellent ,law   
,tracts1 as well as  one asserting that 
,charles ,i4 was a martyr for his       
people4          ,,george ,,cranmer',s  
,,letter  ,,unto  ,,mr4 ,,richard       
,,hooker1    ,february1 #aeih4a         
,sidenote3 ,new ,church ,discipline     
,sidenote3 ,change in opinion    ,what  
posterity is likely to judge of these   
matters concerning  ,church-discipline1 
we may the better conjecture1 if we call
 to mind  what our own age1 within few  
years1 upon better experience1 hath     
already judged concerning the same4 ,it 
may be remembered1 that at  first1 the  
greatest part of the learned in the land
 were either  eagerly affected1 or      
favourably inclined that way4 ,the books
 then  written for the most part        
savoured of the disciplinary style2 it  
sounded every where in pulpits1 and in  
common phrase of men's speech4  ,the    
contrary part began to fear they had    

taken a wrong course2 many  which       
impugned the discipline1 yet so impugned
 it1 not as not being  the better form  
of government1 but as not being so      
convenient for our  state1 in regard of 
dangerous innovations thereby likely to 
grow3 one  man ,john ,whitgift1 the     
,archbishop alone there was to speak    
of1--whom let no suspicion of flattery  
deprive of his deserved                 
commendation1--who1 in the defiance of  
the one part1 and courage  of the other1
 stood in the gap and gave others       
respite to prepare  themselves to the   
defence1 which1 by the sudden eagerness 
and violence  of their adversaries1 had 
otherwise been prevented1 wherein ,god  
hath  made good unto him his own        
impress1 ,vincit qui patitur3 for what  
contumelious indignities he hath at     
their hands sustained1 the world  is    
witness2 and what reward of honour above
 his adversaries ,god hath  bestowed    
upon him1 themselves1--though nothing   
glad thereof1--must  needs confess4 ,now

 of late years the heat of men towards  
the  discipline is greatly decayed2     
their judgments begin to sway on the    
other side2 the learned have weighed it1
 and found it light2 wise  men conceive 
some fear1 lest it prove not only not   
the best kind of  government1 but the   
very bane and destruction of all        
government4 ,the  cause of this change  
in men's opinions may be drawn from the 
general  nature of error1 disguised and 
clothed with the name of truth2 which   
did mightily and violently possess men  
at first1 but afterwards1 the  weakness 
thereof being by time discovered1 it    
lost that reputation1  which before it  
had gained4 ,as by the outside of an    
house the  passers-by are oftentimes    
deceived1 till they see the conveniency 
of  the rooms within2 so1 by the very   
name of discipline and reformation1  men
 were drawn at first to cast a fancy    
towards it1 but now they  have not      
contented themselves only to pass by and
 behold afar off the  fore-front of this

 reformed house2 they have entered it1  
even at the  special request of the     
master-workmen and chief-builders       
thereof3 they  have perused the rooms1  
the lights1 the conveniences1 and they  
find  them not answerable to that report
 which was made of them1 nor to  that   
opinion which upon report they had      
conceived3 so as now the  discipline1   
which at first triumphed over all1 being
 unmasked1  beginneth to droop1 and hang
 down her head4    ,sidenote3 ,causes   
,sidenote3 ,gregory ,martin    ,the     
cause of change in opinion concerning   
the discipline is proper to  the        
learned1 or to such as by them have been
 instructed4 ,another cause  there is   
more open1 and more apparent to the view
 of all1 namely1  the course of         
practice1 which the ,reformers have had 
with us from the  beginning4 ,the first 
degree was only some small difference   
about the  cap and surplice2 but not    
such as either bred division in the     
,church1 or tended to the ruin of the   

government established4 ,this was       
peaceable2 the next degree more         
stirring4 ,admonitions were directed to 
the ,parliament in peremptory sort      
against our whole form of regiment4  ,in
 defence of them1 volumes were published
 in ,english and in ,latin3  yet this   
was no more than writing4 ,devices were 
set on foot to erect  the practice of   
the discipline without authority2 yet   
herein some  regard of modesty1 some    
moderation was used4 ,behold at length  
it brake  forth into open outrage1 first
 in writing by ,martin2#b in whose  kind
 of dealing these things may be         
observed3 #a4 ,that whereas ,thomas     
,cartwright and others his great        
masters1 had always before set out the  
discipline as a ,queen1 and as the      
daughter of ,god2 he contrariwise1 to   
make her more acceptable to the people1 
brought her forth as a  ,vice#c upon the
 stage4 #b4 ,this conceit of his was    
grounded--as may  be supposed--upon this
 rare policy1 that seeing the discipline

 was by  writing refuted1 in ,parliament
 rejected1 in secret corners hunted  out
 and decried1 it was imagined that by   
open railing1--which to the  vulgar is  
commonly most plausible1--the ,state    
,ecclesiastical might  have been drawn  
into such contempt and hatred1 as the   
overthrow  thereof should have been most
 grateful to all men1 and in a manner   
desired by all the common people4 #c4   
,it may be noted--and this ,i know      
myself to be true--how some of them1    
although they could not for shame       
approve so lewd an action1 yet were     
content to lay hold on it to  the       
advancement of their cause1 by          
acknowledging therein the secret        
judgments of ,god against the ,bishops1 
and hoping that some good might  be     
wrought thereby for his ,church2 as     
indeed there was1 though  not according 
to their construction4 ,for #dthly1     
contrary to their  expectation1 that    
railing spirit did not only not further1
 but  extremely disgrace and prejudice  

their cause1 when it was once  perceived
 from how low degrees of contradiction1 
at first1 to what  outrage of contumely 
and slander1 they were at length        
proceeded2 and  were also likely to     
proceed further4    ,sidenote3 ,hacket  
and ,coppinger    ,a further degree of  
outrage was also in fact3 certain       
,hacket and  ,coppinger prophets did    
arise1 who deeming it not possible that 
,god  should suffer that to be undone1  
which they did so fiercely desire to    
have done1 namely1 that his holy saints1
 the favourers and fathers of  the      
discipline1 should be enlarged and      
delivered from persecution2  and seeing 
no means of deliverance ordinary1 were  
fain to persuade  themselves that ,god  
must needs raise some extraordinary     
means2 and  being persuaded of none so  
well as of themselves1 they forthwith   
must  needs be the instruments of this  
great work4 ,hereupon they framed  unto 
themselves an assured hope1 that1 upon  
their preaching out of a  peascart in   

,cheapside1 all the multitude would have
 presently joined  unto them1 and in    
amazement of mind have asked them1 ,viri
 fratres1  quid agimus8 whereunto it is 
likely they would have returned an      
answer far unlike to that of ,st4       
,peter3 ,such and such are men  unworthy
 to govern2 pluck them down3 such and   
such are the dear  children of ,god2 let
 them be advanced4    ,of two of these  
men it is meet to speak with all        
commiseration2 yet  so1 that others by  
their example may receive instruction1  
and withal  some light may appear1 what 
stirring affections the discipline is   
like  to inspire1 if it light upon apt  
and prepared minds4    ,sidenote3       
,bancroft's book    ,now if any man     
doubt of what society they were2 or if  
the ,reformers  disclaim them1          
pretending that by them they were       
condemned2 let  these points be         
considered4 #a4 ,whose associates were  
they before they  entered into this     
frantic passion8 ,whose sermons did they

 frequent8  ,whom did they admire8 #b4  
,even when they were entering into it1  
,whose  advice did they require8 and    
when they were in1 ,whose approbation8  
,whom advertised they of their purpose8 
,whose assistance by prayer did  they   
request8 ,but we deal injuriously with  
them to lay this to their  charge2 for  
they reproved and condemned it4 ,how6   
did they disclose  it to the            
,magistrate1 that it might be           
suppressed8 or were they not  rather    
content to stand aloof off1 and see the 
end of it1 as being  loath to quench    
that spirit8 ,no doubt these mad        
practitioners were of  their society1   
with whom before1 and in the practice of
 their madness1  they had most affinity4
 ,hereof read ,dr4 ,bancroft's book4#d  
,sidenote3 ,brownists and ,barrowists   
,a third inducement may be to dislike of
 the discipline1 if we consider  not    
only how far the ,reformers themselves  
have proceeded1 but what  others upon   
their foundations have built4 ,here come

 the ,brownists#e  in the first rank1   
their lineal descendants1 who have      
seized upon a  number of strange        
opinions2 whereof1 although their       
ancestors1 the  ,reformers1 were never  
actually possessed1 yet1 by right and   
interest  from them derived1 the        
,brownists and ,barrowists#f have taken 
possession of them3 for if the positions
 of the ,reformers be true1 ,i  cannot  
see how the main and general conclusions
 of ,brownism should be  false2 for upon
 these two points1 as ,i conceive1 they 
stand4    ,sidenote3 ,their two points  
#a4 ,that1 because we have no ,church1  
they are to sever themselves from  us4  
#b4 ,that without ,civil authority they 
are to erect a ,church of  their own4   
,and if the former of these be true1 the
 latter1 ,i suppose1  will follow3 for  
if above all things men be to regard    
their salvation2  and if out of the     
,church there be no salvation2 it       
followeth1 that1  if we have no ,church1
 we have no means of salvation2 and     

therefore  separation from us in that   
respect is both lawful and necessary2 as
  also1 that men1 so separated from the 
false and counterfeit ,church1  are to  
associate themselves unto some ,church2 
not to ours2 to the  ,popish much less2 
therefore to one of their own making4   
,now the ground  of all these inferences
 being this1 ,that in our ,church there 
is no  means of salvation1 is out of the
 ,reformers' principles most clearly  to
 be proved4 ,for wheresoever any matter 
of faith unto salvation  necessary is   
denied1 there can be no means of        
salvation2 but in the  ,church of       
,england1 the discipline1 by them       
accounted a matter of  faith1 and       
necessary to salvation1 is not only     
denied1 but impugned1  and the          
professors thereof oppressed4 ,ergo4    
,again1--but this reason perhaps is     
weak1--every true ,church of ,christ    
acknowledgeth the whole ,gospel of      
,christ3 the discipline1 in their       
opinion1 is a part of the ,gospel1 and  

yet by our ,church resisted4  ,ergo4    
,sidenote3 ,essential discipline        
,again1 the discipline is essentially   
united to the ,church3 by which  term   
essentially1 they must mean either an   
essential part1 or an  essential        
property4 ,both which ways it must needs
 be1 that where that  essential         
discipline is not1 neither is there any 
,church4 ,if therefore  between them and
 the ,brownists there should be         
appointed a solemn  disputation1 whereof
 with us they have been oftentimes so   
earnest  challengers2 it doth not yet   
appear what other answer they could     
possibly frame to these and the like    
arguments1 wherewith they may be        
pressed1 but fairly to deny the         
conclusion1--for all the premises  are  
their own1--or rather ingeniously to    
reverse their own principles  before    
laid1 whereon so foul absurdities have  
been so firmly built4  ,what further    
proofs you can bring out of their high  
words1 magnifying  the discipline1 ,i   

leave to your better remembrance3 but1  
above all  points1 ,i am desirous this  
one should be strongly enforced against 
them1 because it wringeth them most of  
all1 and is of all others--for  aught ,i
 see--the most unanswerable4 ,you may   
notwithstanding say1 that  you would be 
heartily glad these their positions     
might be salved1 as  the ,brownists     
might not appear to have issued out of  
their loins3 but  until that be done1   
they must give us leave to think that   
they have  cast the seed whereout these 
tares are grown4    ,sidenote3 ,godless 
politics    ,another sort of men there  
are1 which have been content to run on  
with  the ,reformers for a time1 and to 
make them poor instruments of their  own
 designs4 ,these are a sort of godless  
politics1 who1 perceiving  the plot of  
discipline to consist of these two      
parts1 the overthrow  of ,episcopal1 and
 erection of ,presbyterial authority2   
and that this  latter can take no place 
till the former be removed2 are content 

to  join with them in the destructive   
part of discipline1 bearing them in     
hand1 that in the other also they shall 
find them as ready4 ,but when  time     
shall come1 it may be they would be as  
loath to be yoked with  that kind of    
regiment1 as now they are willing to be 
released from  this4 ,these men's ends  
in all their actions is distraction2    
their  pretence and colour1 reformation4
 ,those things which under this  colour 
they have effected to their own good1   
are1 #a4 ,by maintaining a  contrary    
faction1 they have kept the ,clergy     
always in awe1 and  thereby made them   
more pliable1 and willing to buy their  
peace4 #b4 ,by  maintaining an opinion  
of equality among ministers1 they have  
made way  to their own purposes for     
devouring ,cathedral ,churches1 and     
,bishops'  livings4 #c4 ,by exclaiming  
against abuses in the ,church1 they have
  carried their own corrupt dealing in  
the ,civil ,state more covertly4  ,for  
such is the nature of the multitude1    

that they are not able to  apprehend    
many things at once2 so as being        
possessed with a dislike or  liking of  
any one thing1 many other in the mean   
time may escape them  without being     
perceived4 #d4 ,they have sought to     
disgrace the ,clergy1  in entertaining a
 conceit in men's minds1 and confirming 
it by  continual practice1 ,that men of 
learning1 and especially of the         
,clergy1 which are employed in the      
chiefest kind of learning1 are not  to  
be admitted to matters of ,state2       
contrary to the practice of all         
well-governed commonwealths1 and of our 
own till these late years4    ,sidenote3
 ,atheists    ,sidenote3 ,causes of     
,atheism    ,a third sort of men there  
are1 though not descended from the      
,reformers1 yet in part raised and      
greatly strengthened by them2  namely1  
the cursed crew of ,atheists4 ,this also
 is one of those points1  which ,i am   
desirous you should handle most         
effectually1 and strain  yourself       

therein to all points of motion and     
affection2 as in that of  the           
,brownists1 to all strength and sinews  
of reason4 ,this is a sort  most        
damnable1 and yet by the general        
suspicion of the world at  this day most
 common4 ,the causes of it1 which are in
 the parties  themselves1 although you  
handle in the beginning of the fifth    
book1  yet here again they may be       
touched3 but the occasions of help and  
furtherance1 which by the ,reformers    
have been yielded unto them1 are1  as ,i
 conceive1 two2 namely1 senseless       
preaching1 and disgracing of the        
,ministry3 for how should not men dare  
to impugn that1 which neither  by force 
of reason1 nor by authority of persons1 
is maintained8 ,but in  the parties     
themselves these two causes ,i conceive 
of ,atheism3 #a4 ,more  abundance of wit
 than judgment1 and of witty than       
judicious learning2  whereby they are   
more inclined to contradict any thing1  
than willing  to be informed of the     

truth4 ,they are not therefore men of   
sound  learning for the most part1 but  
smatterers2 neither is their kind of    
dispute so much by force of argument1 as
 by scoffing2 which humour  of scoffing1
 and turning matters most serious into  
merriment1 is now  become so common1 as 
we are not to marvel what the ,prophet  
means  by the seat of scorners1 nor what
 the ,apostles1 by foretelling of       
scorners to come2 for our own age hath  
verified their speech unto  us3 which   
also may be an argument against these   
scoffers and ,atheists  themselves1     
seeing it hath been so many ages ago    
foretold1 that such  men the latter days
 of the world should afford3 which could
 not  be done by any other spirit1 save 
that whereunto things future and        
present are alike4 ,and even for the    
main question of the resurrection1      
whereat they stick so mightily1 was it  
not plainly foretold1 that men  should  
in the latter times say1 ,where is the  
promise of his coming8  ,against the    

creation1 the ark1 and divers other     
points1 exceptions are  said to be      
taken1 the ground whereof is superfluity
 of wit1 without  ground of learning and
 judgment4 ,a second cause of ,atheism  
is  sensuality1 which maketh men        
desirous to remove all stops and        
impediments of their wicked life2 among 
which because ,religion is the          
chiefest1 so as neither in this life    
without shame they can persist  therein1
 nor--if that be true--without torment  
in the life to come2  they therefore    
whet their wits to annihilate the joys  
of ,heaven1  wherein they see--if any   
such be--they can have no part1 and     
likewise  the pains of ,hell1 wherein   
their portion must needs be very great4 
,they labour therefore1 not that they   
may not deserve those pains1 but  that1 
deserving them1 there may be no such    
pains to seize upon them4  ,but what    
conceit can be imagined more base1 than 
that man should  strive to persuade     
himself even against the secret         

instinct1 no doubt1  of his own mind1   
that his soul is as the soul of a beast1
 mortal1 and  corruptible with the body8
 ,against which barbarous opinion their 
own  ,atheism is a very strong argument4
 ,for1 were not the soul a nature       
separable from the body1 how could it   
enter into discourse of things  merely  
spiritual1 and nothing at all pertaining
 to the body8 ,surely  the soul were not
 able to conceive any thing of ,heaven1 
no not so much  as to dispute against   
,heaven1 and against ,god1 if there were
 not in it  somewhat heavenly1 and      
derived from ,god4    ,sidenote3        
,papists    ,the last which have        
received strength and encouragement from
 the  ,reformers are ,papists2 against  
whom1 although they are most bitter     
enemies1 yet unwittingly they have given
 them great advantage4 ,for  what can   
any enemy rather desire than the breach 
and dissension of  those which are      
confederates against him8 ,wherein they 
are to remember  that if our communion  

with ,papists in some few ceremonies do 
so much  strengthen them1 as is         
pretended1 how much more doth this      
division and  rent among ourselves1     
especially seeing it is maintained to   
be1 not in  light matters only1 but even
 in matters of faith and salvation8     
,which  over-reaching speech of theirs1 
because it is so open an advantage for  
the ,barrowist and the ,papist1 we are  
to wish and hope for1 that they  will   
acknowledge it to have been spoken      
rather in heat of affection1  than with 
soundness of judgment2 and that through 
their exceeding love  to that creature  
of discipline which themselves have     
bred1 nourished1  and maintained1 their 
mouth in commendation of her did so     
often  overflow4    ,sidenote3 ,points  
of controversy    ,from hence you may   
proceed--but the means of connexion ,i  
leave to  yourself--to another          
discourse1 which ,i think very meet to  
be handled  either here or elsewhere at 
large2 the parts whereof may be these3  

#a4  ,that in this cause between them   
and us1 men are to sever the proper  and
 essential points and controversy from  
those which are accidental4  ,the most  
essential and proper are these two3     
overthrow of the  ,episcopal1 and       
erection of ,presbyterial authority4    
,but in these two  points whosoever     
joineth with them1 is accounted of their
 number2  whosoever in all other points 
agreeth with them1 yet thinketh the     
authority of ,bishops not unlawful1 and 
of ,elders not necessary1 may  justly be
 severed from their retinue4 ,those     
things1 therefore1 which  either in the 
persons1 or in the laws and orders      
themselves are  faulty1 may be          
complained on1 acknowledged1 and        
amended1 yet they no  whit the nearer   
their main purpose3 for what if all     
errors by them  supposed in our ,liturgy
 were amended1 even according to their  
own  heart's desire2 if non-residence1  
pluralities1 and the like were  utterly 
taken away2 are their lay-elders        

therefore presently  authorized8 or     
their sovereign ecclesiastical          
jurisdiction  established8    ,sidenote3
 ,faults of the complainants    ,but    
even in their complaining against the   
outward and accidental  matters in      
,church-,government1 they are many ways 
faulty4 #a4 ,in their  end1 which they  
propose to themselves4 ,for in          
declaiming against  abuses1 their       
meaning is not to have them redressed1  
but1 by  disgracing the present state1  
to make way for their own discipline4   
,as  therefore in ,venice1 if any       
,senator should discourse against the   
power of their ,senate1 as being either 
too sovereign1 or too weak in           
government1 with purpose to draw their  
authority to a moderation1 it  might    
well be suffered2 but not so1 if it     
should appear he spake with  purpose to 
induce another state by depriving the   
present4 ,so in all  causes belonging   
either to ,church or ,commonwealth1 we  
are to have  regard what mind the       

complaining part doth bear1 whether of  
amendment  or innovation2 and           
accordingly either to suffer or suppress
 it4 ,their  objection therefore is     
frivolous1 ,why1 may not men speak      
against  abuses8 ,yes2 but with desire  
to cure the part affected1 not  to      
destroy the whole4 #b4 ,a second fault  
is in their manner of  complaining1 not 
only because it is for the most part in 
bitter and  reproachful terms1 but also 
it is to the common people1 who are     
judges  incompetent and insufficient1   
both to determine any thing amiss1 and  
for want of skill and authority to amend
 it4 ,which also discovereth  their     
intent and purpose to be rather         
destructive than corrective4 #c4  ,those
 very exceptions which they take are    
frivolous and impertinent4  ,some things
 indeed they accuse as impious2 which if
 they may appear to  be such1 ,god      
forbid they should be maintained4       
,sidenote3 ,doubly ,deceived    ,against
 the rest it is only alleged1 that they 

are idle ceremonies  without use1 and   
that better and more profitable might be
 devised4  ,wherein they are doubly     
deceived2 for neither is it a sufficient
 plea  to say1 this must give place1    
because a better may be devised2 because
  in our judgments of better and worse1 
we oftentimes conceive amiss1  when we  
compare those things which are in devise
 with those which are  in practice3 for 
the imperfections of the one are hid1   
till by time  and trial they be         
discovered3 the others are already      
manifest and  open to all4 ,but last of 
all1--which is a point in my opinion of 
great  regard1 and which ,i am desirous 
to have enlarged1--they do not see  that
 for the most part when they strike at  
the ,state ,ecclesiastical1  they       
secretly wound the ,civil ,state1 for   
personal faults2 ,what can  be said     
against the ,church1 which may not also 
agree to the  ,commonwealth8 ,in both1  
,statesmen have always been1 and will be
  always1 men2 sometimes blinded with   

error1 most commonly perverted  by      
passions2 many unworthy have been and   
are advanced in both2 many  worthy not  
regarded4 ,and as for abuses1 which they
 pretend to be in  the law themselves2  
when they inveigh against non-residence1
 do they  take it a matter lawful or    
expedient in the ,civil ,state1 for a   
man  to have a great and gainful office 
in the ,north1 himself continually      
remaining in the ,south8 ,he that hath  
an office let him attend his  office4   
,when they condemn plurality of livings 
spiritual to the pit  of ,hell1 what    
think they of the infinity of temporal  
promotions8 ,by  the great ,philosopher1
 ,pol4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #i1 it is forbidden
 as a  thing most dangerous to          
,commonwealths1 that by the same man    
many great  offices should be exercised4
 ,when they deride our ceremonies as    
vain  and frivolous1 were it hard to    
apply their exceptions even to those    
civil ceremonies1 which at the          
,coronation1 in ,parliament1 and all    

,courts of ,justice1 are used8 ,were it 
hard to argue even against              
,circumcision1 the ordinance of ,god1 as
 being a cruel ceremony8 against  the   
,passover1 as being ridiculous--shod1   
girt1 a staff in their hand1  to eat a  
lamb8    ,sidenote3 ,conclusion    ,to  
conclude3 you may exhort the            
,clergy1--or what if you direct your    
conclusion not to the ,clergy in        
general1 but only to the learned in or  
of both ,universities8--you may exhort  
them to a due consideration of  all     
things1 and to a right esteem and       
valuing of each thing in that  degree   
wherein it ought to stand4 ,for it      
oftentimes falleth out1 that  what men  
have either devised themselves1 or      
greatly delighted in1  the price and the
 excellency thereof they do admire above
 desert4 ,the  chiefest labour of a     
,christian should be to know1 of a      
,minister to  preach ,christ crucified3 
in regard whereof1 not only worldly     
things1  but things otherwise precious1 

even the discipline itself1 is vile  and
 base4 ,whereas now1 by the heat of     
contention1 and violence of  affection1 
the zeal of men towards the one hath    
greatly decayed their  love to the      
other4 ,hereunto therefore they are to  
be exhorted to  preach ,christ          
,crucified1 the mortification of the    
flesh1 the renewing  of the ,spirit2 not
 those things which in time of strife   
seem precious  but--passions being      
allayed--are vain and childish4 ,g4,c4  
,footnote #a3 ,this admirable           
dissertation originally appeared in     
#afdb1  entitled1 ,concerning the ,new  
,church ,discipline2 an excellent       
,letter  written by ,mr4 ,george        
,cranmer1 to ,mr4 ,r4,h4    ,footnote   
#b3 ,gregory ,martin1 born at ,maxfield1
 near ,winchelsea1  admitted of ,st4    
,john's ,coll4 ,oxford1 #aeeg1 embraced 
the ,roman  ,catholic ,religion and was 
ordained priest at ,douay1 #aegc4 ,the  
,rheims  translation of the ,vulgate has
 been ascribed entirely to him4 ,he died

  at ,rheims in #aehb4    ,footnote #c3 
,vice was the fool of the old           
moralities1 with his dagger  of lath1 a 
long coat1 and a cap with a pair of     
ass's ears4    ,footnote #d3 ,entitled  
,a ,survey of the pretended holy        
,discipline1  to which is prefixed a    
,sermon1 preached against the ,puritans1
 at  ,st4 ,paul's ,cross1 ,feb4 #i1     
#aehh-i1 from the following text3       
',dearly  beloved1 believe not every    
,spirit1 but try the ,spirits whether   
they be  of ,god1 for many false        
,prophets have gone out into the world4'
 ,i ,john  iv4 #a4    ,footnote #e3     
,robert ,brown1 a native of             
,northampton1 educated at ,corpus       
,christi ,college in ,cambridge1 was the
 founder of a sect of ,puritans1  who   
took their name from him4 ,he wrote     
several tracts in support  of his       
opinions1 and sustained various         
persecutions1 having been  committed at 
different times to thirty-two prisons1  
in some of which  he could not see his  

hand at broad day4 ,before his removal  
with his  followers to ,middleburg in   
,zealand1 he became disgusted with their
  divisions and disputes2 and though he 
had gone a further distance than  any of
 the ,puritans did1 he renounced his    
principles of separation1  being        
promoted by his relation1 ,lord         
,burghley1 to the benefice of  ,achurch 
in ,northamptonshire4 ,he died in       
,northampton ,gaol in #afcj1 in  the    
#hjth year of his age1 having been sent 
thither by a justice of the  peace for  
assaulting a constable1 who was         
executing a warrant against  him4       
,footnote #f3 ,so denominated from      
,henry ,barrow1 a layman1 and noted     
sectary1 who was executed at ,tyburn on 
#fth ,april1 #aeic1 for publishing      
seditious books against the ,queen and  
the ,state4          ,,the ,,works ,,of 
,,mr4 ,,richard ,,hooker4               
,sidenote3 ,hooker's ,works    ,the     
,works of ,mr4 ,hooker1 exclusive of the
 ,books of ,ecclesiastical  ,polity1    

are1    ,i4 ,,answer to the             
,,supplication that ,mr4 ,,travers made 
to the ,,council4  ,oxon4 #afab4 #dto4  
,,ii4 ,a learned ,,discourse of         
,,justification1 ,,works1 and how the   
,,foundation of ,,faith is overthrown3  
on ,habak4 i4 #d4 ,oxon4 #afab4  #dto4  
,,iii4 ,a learned ,,sermon of the       
,,nature of ,,pride3 on ,habak4 ii4 #d4 
,oxon4 #afab4 #dto4    ,,iv4 ,a ,,remedy
 against ,,sorrow and ,,fear1 delivered 
in a ,,funeral ,,sermon3  on ,john xiv4 
#bg4 ,oxon4 #afab4 #dto4    ,v4 ,a      
learned and comfortable ,,sermon of the 
,,certainty and ,,perpetuity  of ,,faith
 in the ,,elect3 especially of the      
,,prophet ,,habakkuk',s ,,faith3 on     
,habak4 i4 #d4 ,oxon4 #afab4 #dto4      
,,vi4 ,,two ,,sermons upon part of ,,st4
 ,,jude',s ,,epistle4 ,epist4 ,jude1    
ver4  #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 ,oxon4   
#afac4 #dto4    ,,vii4 ,in #afda1 a     
volume was published under the following
 title3 ,a  ,,summarie ,,view of the    
,,government both of the ,,old and ,,new

 ,,testament2  whereby the ,,episcopal  
,,government of ,,christ',s ,,church is 
vindicated1  out of the rude draughts of
 ,launcelot ,andrews1 late ,bishop of   
,winchester4    ,to this volume is      
prefixed1 as a preamble to the whole1 ,a
 ,,discovery  of the ,,causes of these  
,,contentions touching ,,church         
,,government1 out of  the ,,fragments of
 ,,richard ,,hooker4    ,this volume    
contains certain brief treatises1       
written by divers  learned men1         
concerning the ancient and modern       
,government of the  ,church4 ,the       
treatises are seven in number1 of which 
this posthumous  work of ,mr4 ,hooker is
 one1 and as it stands before the rest  
it is  therefore called a ,preamble to  
the whole4    ,,viii4 ,,three           
,,treatises inserted in the ,,clavi     
,,trabales1 viz4 #a4 ,on  the ,,king',s 
,,power in ,matters of ,,religion4 #b4  
,of his ,,power in the  ,,advancement of
 ,,bishops to their ,,rooms of          
,,prelacy4 #c4 ,the ,,king',s           

,,exemption from ,,censure and other    
,,judicial ,,power4    ,it will not be  
improper to notice a publication of     
great merit1  entitled ,a ,,faithful    
,,abridgment of the ,,works of that     
learned and  judicious ,divine1 ,mr4    
,,richard ,,hooker1 in eight books of   
,,ecclesiastical  ,,polity1 and of all  
the other ,treatises which were written 
by the same  ,author4 ,with an ,account 
of his ,life4 ,by a ,divine of the      
,church of  ,england4 ,london1 #agje4   
,,the ,,life  ,,of  ,,mr4 ,,george      
,,herbert1  ,,prebendary ,,of           
,,salisbury ,,cathedral4      ,where    
with a soul composed of harmonies1      
,like a sweet swan1 he warbles as he    
dies    ,his ,maker's praise1 and his   
own obsequies4        --,,cotton4       
,,introduction  ,,to ,,the  ,,life ,,of 
,,george ,,herbert4      ,sidenote3 ,a  
box of ointment    ,in a late retreat   
from the business of this world1 and    
those many  little cares with which ,i  
have too often cumbered myself1 ,i fell 

into  a contemplation of some of those  
historical passages that are recorded   
in ,sacred ,story3 and more particularly
 of what had passed betwixt our  blessed
 ,saviour and that wonder of ,women1 and
 ,sinners1 and ,mourners1  ,st4 ,mary   
,magdalen4 ,i call her ,saint1 because  
,i did not then1 nor do  now consider   
her1 as when she was possessed with     
seven devils2 not as  when her wanton   
eyes and dishevelled hair were designed 
and managed  to charm and ensnare       
amorous beholders4 ,but ,i did then1 and
 do now  consider her1 as after she had 
expressed a visible and sacred sorrow   
for her sensualities2 as after those    
eyes had wept such a flood of           
penitential tears as did wash1 and that 
hair had wiped1 and she most            
passionately kissed the feet of her's   
and our blessed ,jesus4 ,and ,i do  now 
consider1 that because she loved much1  
not only much was forgiven  her3 but    
that beside that blessed blessing of    
having her sins  pardoned1 and the joy  

of knowing her happy condition1 she also
 had  from him a testimony1 that her    
alabaster box of precious ointment      
poured on his head and feet1 and that   
spikenard1 and those spices  that were  
by her dedicated to embalm and preserve 
his sacred body  from putrefaction1     
should so far preserve her own memory1  
that these  demonstrations of her       
sanctified love1 and of her officious   
and  generous gratitude1 should be      
recorded and mentioned wheresoever his  
,gospel should be read2 intending       
thereby1 that as his1 so her name1      
should also live to succeeding          
generations1 even till time itself      
shall be no more4    ,sidenote3 ,reasons
 for this ,life    ,upon occasion of    
which fair example1 ,i did lately look  
back1 and not  without some content1--at
 least to myself1--that ,i have         
endeavoured to  deserve the love1 and   
preserve the memory1 of my two deceased 
friends1  ,dr4 ,donne1 and ,sir ,henry  
,wotton1 by declaring the several       

employments  and various accidents of   
their lives4 ,and though ,mr4 ,george   
,herbert--whose ,life ,i now intend to  
write--were to me a stranger as to  his 
person1 for ,i have only seen him2 yet  
since he was1 and was worthy  to be1    
their friend1 and very many of his have 
been mine1 ,i judge it  may not be      
unacceptable to those that knew any of  
them in their  lives1 or do now know    
them by mine1 or their own writings1 to 
see this  conjunction of them after     
their deaths2 without which1 many things
  that concerned them1 and some things  
that concerned the age in which  they   
lived1 would be less perfect1 and lost  
to posterity4    ,for these reasons ,i  
have undertaken it2 and if ,i have      
prevented any  abler person1 ,i beg     
pardon of him and my ,reader4           
,,the ,,life  ,,of  ,,mr4 ,,george      
,,herbert4      ,sidenote3 ,birth and   
family    ,george ,herbert was born the 
,third day of ,april1 in the ,year of   
our  ,redemption #aeic4 ,the place of   

his birth was near to the ,town of      
,montgomery1 and in that ,castle#a that 
did then bear the name of that  ,town   
and ,county2 that ,castle was then a    
place of state and strength1  and had   
been successively happy in the ,family  
of the ,herberts1 who  had long         
possessed it2 and with it1 a plentiful  
estate1 and hearts  as liberal to their 
poor neighbours4 ,a family1 that hath   
been blessed  with men of remarkable    
wisdom1 and a willingness to serve their
  country1 and1 indeed1 to do good to   
all mankind2 for which they  are        
eminent3 ,but alas6 this family did in  
the late rebellion suffer  extremely in 
their estates2 and the heirs of that    
,castle saw it laid  level with that    
earth1 that was too good to bury those  
wretches that  were the cause of it4    
,sidenote3 ,father and mother    ,the   
,father of our ,george was ,richard     
,herbert1 the son of ,edward  ,herbert1 
,knight1 the son of ,richard ,herbert1  
,knight1 the son of the  famous ,sir    

,richard ,herbert of ,colebrook1 in the 
,county of ,monmouth1  ,banneret1 who   
was the youngest brother of that        
memorable ,william  ,herbert1 ,earl of  
,pembroke1 that lived in the reign of   
our ,king ,edward  the ,fourth4    ,his 
,mother was ,magdalen ,newport1 the     
youngest daughter of ,sir ,richard1  and
 sister to ,sir ,francis ,newport of    
,high-,arkall1 in the ,county of        
,salop1 ,knight1 and grandfather of     
,francis ,lord ,newport1 now ,controller
  of his ,majesty's ,household4 ,a      
family that for their loyalty have      
suffered much in their estates1 and seen
 the ruin of that excellent  structure1 
where their ancestors have long lived1  
and been memorable  for their           
hospitality4    ,sidenote3 ,lord        
,herbert of ,cherbury    ,this ,mother  
of ,george ,herbert--of whose person1   
and wisdom1 and virtue  ,i intend to    
give a true account in a seasonable     
place--was the happy  ,mother of seven  
sons and three daughters1 which she     

would often say  was ,job's number1 and 
,job's distribution2 and as often bless 
,god1 that  they were neither defective 
in their shapes1 or in their reason2    
and very often reprove them that did not
 praise ,god for so great a  blessing4  
,i shall give the ,reader a short       
account of their names1 and  not say    
much of their fortunes4 ,edward1 the    
eldest1 was first made  ,knight of the  
,bath1 at that glorious time of our late
 ,prince ,henry's  being installed      
,knight of the ,garter2 after many      
years' useful travel1  and the          
attainment of many languages1 he was by 
,king ,james sent  ,ambassador resident 
to the then ,french ,king1 ,lewis the   
thirteenth4  ,there he continued about  
two years2 but he could not subject     
himself  to a compliance with the       
humours of the ,duke de ,luisnes1 who   
was then  the great and powerful        
favourite at ,court3 so that upon a     
complaint to  our ,king1 he was called  
back into ,england in some displeasure2 

but at  his return he gave such an      
honourable account of his employment1   
and  so justified his comportment to the
 ,duke and all the ,court1 that he  was 
suddenly sent back upon the same        
,embassy1 from which he returned  in the
 beginning of the reign of our good     
,king ,charles the ,first1 who  made him
 first ,baron of ,castle-,island1 and   
not long after of ,cherbury1  in the    
,county of ,salop4 ,he was a man of     
great learning and reason1 as  appears  
by his printed book ,de ,veritate1 and  
by his ,history of the  reign of ,king  
,henry the ,eighth1 and by several other
 tracts4#b    ,sidenote3 ,other         
,herberts    ,the second and third      
brothers were ,richard and ,william1 who
 ventured  their lives to purchase      
honour in the wars of the ,low          
,countries1 and  died officers in that  
employment4 ,charles was the fourth1 and
 died  fellow of ,new ,college in       
,oxford4 ,henry was the sixth1 who      
became  a menial servant to the ,crown  

in the days of ,king ,james1 and hath   
continued to be so for fifty years2     
during all which time he hath been      
,master of the ,revels2 a place that    
requires a diligent wisdom1 with  which 
,god hath blessed him4 ,the seventh son 
was ,thomas1 who1 being  made captain of
 a ship in that fleet with which ,sir   
,robert ,mansell  was sent against      
,algiers1 did there shew a fortunate and
 true ,english  valour4 ,of the three   
sisters ,i need not say more1 than that 
they were  all married to persons of    
worth1 and plentiful fortunes2 and lived
 to  be examples of virtue1 and to do   
good in their generations4    ,sidenote3
 ,george ,herbert    ,i now come to give
 my intended account of ,george1 who was
 the fifth of  those seven brothers4    
,george ,herbert spent much of his      
childhood in a sweet content under  the 
eye and care of his prudent ,mother1 and
 the tuition of a ,chaplain1  or tutor  
to him and two of his brothers1 in her  
own family1--for she  was then a        

widow1--where he continued till about   
the age of twelve  years2 and being at  
that time well instructed in the rules  
of ,grammar1  he was not long after     
commended to the care of ,dr4 ,neale1#c 
who was  then ,dean of ,westminster2 and
 by him to the care of ,mr4 ,ireland1#d 
who was then ,chief ,master of that     
,school2 where the beauties of his      
pretty behaviour and wit shined1 and    
became so eminent and lovely in  this   
his innocent age1 that he seemed to be  
marked out for piety1 and  to become the
 care of ,heaven1 and of a particular   
good angel to guard  and guide him4 ,and
 thus he continued in that ,school1 till
 he came  to be perfect in the learned  
languages1 and especially in the ,greek 
tongue1 in which he after proved an     
excellent critic4    ,sidenote3 ,at     
,cambridge    ,about the age of         
fifteen--he being then a ,king's        
,scholar--he was  elected out of that   
,school for ,trinity ,college in        
,cambridge1 to which  place he was      

transplanted about the year #afjh2 and  
his prudent ,mother1  well knowing that 
he might easily lose or lessen that     
virtue and  innocence1 which her advice 
and example had planted in his mind1 did
  therefore procure the generous and    
liberal ,dr4 ,nevil1#e who was then     
,dean of ,canterbury1 and ,master of    
that ,college1 to take him into his     
particular care1 and provide him a      
tutor2 which he did most gladly         
undertake1 for he knew the excellencies 
of his mother1 and how to  value such a 
friendship4    ,this was the method of  
his education1 till he was settled in   
,cambridge2 where we will leave him in  
his study1 till ,i have paid my         
promised account of his excellent       
mother2 and ,i will endeavour to make   
it short4    ,sidenote3 ,lady ,magdalen 
,herbert    ,i have told her birth1 her 
marriage1 and the number of her         
children1  and have given some short    
account of them4 ,i shall next tell the 
,reader1 that her husband died when our 

,george was about the age of  four      
years3 ,i am next to tell1 that she     
continued twelve years a  widow2 that   
she then married happily to a noble     
gentleman1 the brother  and heir of the 
,lord ,danvers1#f ,earl of ,danby1 who  
did highly value  both her person and   
the most excellent endowments of her    
mind4    ,sidenote3 ,her character      
,sidenote3 ,dr4 ,donne    ,in this time 
of her widowhood1 she being desirous to 
give ,edward1 her  eldest son1 such     
advantages of learning1 and other       
education1 as might  suit his birth and 
fortune1 and thereby make him the more  
fit for the  service of his country1    
did1 at his being of a fit age1 remove  
from  ,montgomery ,castle with him1 and 
some of her younger sons1 to ,oxford2   
and having entered ,edward into ,queen's
 ,college1 and provided him a  fit      
tutor1 she commended him to his care1   
yet she continued there  with him1 and  
still kept him in a moderate awe of     
herself1 and so  much under her own eye1

 as to see and converse with him daily3 
but she  managed this power over him    
without any such rigid sourness as might
  make her company a torment to her     
child2 but with such a sweetness and    
compliance with the recreations and     
pleasures of youth1 as did incline  him 
willingly to spend much of his time in  
the company of his dear and  careful    
mother2 which was to her great content3 
for she would often  say1 ,that as our  
bodies take a nourishment suitable to   
the meat  on which we feed2 so our souls
 do as insensibly take in vice by the   
example or conversation with wicked     
company3 and would therefore  as often  
say1 ,that ignorance of vice was the    
best preservation of  virtue2 and that  
the very knowledge of wickedness was as 
tinder to  inflame and kindle sin and   
keep it burning4 ,for these reasons she 
endeared him to her own company1 and    
continued with him in ,oxford four      
years2 in which time her great and      
harmless wit1 her cheerful gravity1  and

 her obliging behaviour1 gained her an  
acquaintance and friendship  with most  
of any eminent worth or learning1 that  
were at that time  in or near that      
,university2 and particularly with ,mr4 
,john ,donne1 who  then came            
accidentally to that place1 in this time
 of her being  there4 ,it was that ,john
 ,donne who was after ,dr4 ,donne1 and  
,dean of ,st4  ,paul's1 ,london3 and he1
 at his leaving ,oxford1 writ and left  
there1 in  verse1 a character of the    
beauties of her body and mind3 of the   
first  he says1      ,no ,spring nor    
,summer-beauty hath such grace    ,as ,i
 have seen in an ,autumnal face4    ,of 
the latter he says1      ,in all her    
words to every hearer fit1    ,you may  
at revels1 or at council sit4    ,the   
rest of her character may be read in his
 printed poems1 in that  ,elegy which   
bears the name of ,the ,autumnal        
,beauty4 ,for both he and  she were then
 past the meridian of man's life4       
,this amity1 begun at this time and     

place1 was not an amity that  polluted  
their souls2 but an amity made up of a  
chain of suitable  inclinations and     
virtues2 an amity like that of ,st4     
,chrysostom's to  his dear and virtuous 
,olympias2 whom1 in his letters1 he     
calls his  ,saint3 or an amity1 indeed1 
more like that of ,st4 ,hierome to his  
,paula2 whose affection to her was such1
 that he turned poet in his old  age1   
and then made her epitaph3 wishing all  
his body were turned into  tongues1 that
 he might declare her just praises to   
posterity4 ,and this  amity betwixt her 
and ,mr4 ,donne was begun in a happy    
time for him1 he  being then near to the
 fortieth year of his age1--which was   
some years  before he entered into      
,sacred ,orders2--a time when his       
necessities  needed a daily supply for  
the support of his wife1 seven children1
  and a family4 ,and in this time she   
proved one of his most bountiful        
benefactors2 and he as grateful an      
acknowledger of it4 ,you may take  one  

testimony for what ,i have said of these
 two worthy persons1 from  this         
following ,letter and ,sonnet4          
,sidenote3 ,letter and ,sonnet          
,,madam1    ,your favours to me are     
every where3 ,i use them and have them4 
,i enjoy  them at ,london1 and leave    
them there2 and yet find them at        
,mitcham4  ,such riddles as these become
 things inexpressible2 and such is your 
goodness4 ,i was almost sorry to find   
your servant here this day2  because ,i 
was loath to have any witness of my not 
coming home last  night1 and indeed of  
my coming this morning4 ,but my not     
coming was  excusable1 because earnest  
business detained me2 and my coming this
  day is by the example of your ,st4    
,mary ,magdalen1 who rose early upon    
,sunday to seek that which she loved    
most2 and so did ,i4 ,and1 from her  and
 myself1 ,i return such thanks as are   
due to one1 to whom we owe all  the good
 opinion1 that they1 whom we need most1 
have of us4 ,by this  messenger1 and on 

this good day1 ,i commit the inclosed   
,holy ,hymns and  ,sonnets--which for   
the matter1 not the workmanship1 have   
yet escaped  the fire--to your judgment1
 and to your protection too1 if you     
think  them worthy of it2 and ,i have   
appointed this inclosed ,sonnet to usher
  them to your happy hand4              
,your unworthiest servant1    ,unless   
your accepting him to be so have mended 
him1                      ,jo4 ,,donne4 
,mitcham1 ,july #aa1 #afjg4    ,,to     
,,the ,,lady ,,magdalen ,,herbert3 ,,of 
,,st4 ,,mary ,,magdalen4      ,her of   
your name1 whose fair inheritance       
,bethina was1 and jointure ,magdalo1    
,an active faith so highly did advance1 
,that she once knew more than the       
,church did know1    ,the ,resurrection6
 so much good there is      ,delivered  
of her1 that some ,fathers be    ,loth  
to believe one woman could do this3     
,but think these ,magdalens were two or 
three4    ,increase their number1 ,lady1
 and their fame3      ,to their devotion

 add your innocence3    ,take so much of
 th' example1 as of the name2      ,the 
latter half2 and in some recompense     
,that they did harbour ,christ himself1 
a guest1      ,harbour these ,hymns1 to 
his dear name addrest4    ,j4,d4        
,these ,hymns are now lost to us2 but   
doubtless they were such as they  two   
now sing in ,heaven4    ,sidenote3 ,her 
,funeral ,sermon    ,there might be more
 demonstrations of the friendship1 and  
the many  sacred endearments betwixt    
these two excellent persons1--for ,i    
have  many of their letters in my       
hand1--and much more might be said of   
her  great prudence and piety3 but my   
design was not to write her's1 but  the 
life of her son2 and therefore ,i shall 
only tell my ,reader1 that  about that  
very day twenty years that this letter  
was dated1 and sent  her1 ,i saw and    
heard this ,mr4 ,john ,donne--who was   
then ,dean of ,st4  ,paul's--weep1 and  
preach her ,funeral ,sermon1 in the     
,parish ,church  of ,chelsea1 near      

,london1 where she now rests in her     
quiet grave3 and  where we must now     
leave her1 and return to her son        
,george1 whom we  left in his study in  
,cambridge4 ,and in ,cambridge we may   
find our  ,george ,herbert's behaviour  
to be such1 that we may conclude he     
consecrated the first-fruits of his     
early age to virtue1 and a serious      
study of learning4 ,and that he did so1 
this following ,letter and  ,sonnet1    
which were1 in the first year of his    
going to ,cambridge1  sent his dear     
,mother for a ,new-year's gift1 may     
appear to be some  testimony4           
,sidenote3 ,a ,letter    --,but ,i fear 
the heat of my late ague hath dried up  
those springs1  by which scholars say   
the ,muses use to take up their         
habitations4  ,however1 ,i need not     
their help to reprove the vanity of     
those many  love-poems1 that are daily  
writ1 and consecrated to ,venus2 nor to 
bewail that so few are writ1 that look  
towards ,god and ,heaven4 ,for my  own  

part1 my meaning--dear ,mother--is1 in  
these ,sonnets1 to declare my           
resolution to be1 that my poor abilities
 in ,poetry1 shall be all and  ever     
consecrated to ,god's glory3 and ,i beg 
you to receive this as one  testimony4  
,sidenote3 and ,sonnets      ,my ,god1  
where is that ancient heat towards thee1
      ,wherewith whole shoals of        
,martyrs once did burn1      ,besides   
their other flames8 ,doth ,poetry       
,wear ,venus' livery8 only serve her    
turn8    ,why are not ,sonnets made of  
thee8 and lays      ,upon thine altar   
burnt8 ,cannot thy love      ,heighten a
 spirit to sound out thy praise    ,as  
well as any she8 ,cannot thy ,dove      
,outstrip their ,cupid easily in flight8
      ,or1 since thy ways are deep1 and 
still the same1      ,will not a verse  
run smooth that bears thy name8    ,why 
doth that fire1 which by thy power and  
might      ,each breast does feel1 no   
braver fuel choose      ,than that1     
which one day1 worms may chance refuse8 

,sure1 ,lord1 there is enough in thee to
 dry      ,oceans of ink2 for as the    
,deluge did      ,cover the ,earth1 so  
doth thy ,majesty2    ,each cloud       
distils thy praise1 and doth forbid     
,poets to turn it to another use4       
,roses and lilies speak ,thee2 and to   
make      ,a pair of cheeks of them1 is 
thy abuse4    ,why should ,i women's    
eyes for crystal take8    ,such poor    
invention burns in their low mind       
,whose fire is wild1 and doth not upward
 go      ,to praise1 and on thee1 ,lord1
 some ink bestow4    ,open the bones1   
and you shall nothing find     ,in the  
best face but filth2 when1 ,lord1 in    
,thee     ,the beauty lies in the       
discovery4    ,g4,h4    ,this was his   
resolution at the sending this letter to
 his dear ,mother1  about which time he 
was in the seventeenth year of his age3 
and as he  grew older1 so he grew in    
learning1 and more and more in favour   
both  with ,god and man3 insomuch that1 
in this morning of that short day  of   

his life1 he seemed to be marked out for
 virtue1 and to become the  care of     
,heaven2 for ,god still kept his soul in
 so holy a frame1 that  he may1 and     
ought to be a pattern of virtue to all  
posterity1 and  especially to his       
brethren of the ,clergy1 of which the   
,reader may  expect a more exact account
 in what will follow4    ,sidenote3     
,college honours    ,i need not declare 
that he was a strict student1 because1  
that he was  so1 there will be many     
testimonies in the future part of his   
life4 ,i  shall therefore only tell1    
that he was made ,minor ,fellow in the  
year  #afji1 ,bachelor of ,arts in the  
year #afaa2 ,major ,fellow of the       
,college1  ,march #aeth1 #afae3 and that
 in that year he was also made ,master  
of  ,arts1 he being then in the #bbnd   
year of his age2 during all which  time1
 all1 or the greatest diversion from his
 study1 was the practice  of ,music1 in 
which he became a great master2 and of  
which he would  say1 ,that it did       

relieve his drooping spirits1 compose   
his distracted  thoughts1 and raised his
 weary soul so far above earth1 that it 
gave  him an earnest of the joys of     
,heaven1 before he possessed them4 ,and 
it may be noticed1 that from his first  
entrance into the ,college1 the         
generous ,dr4 ,nevil was a cherisher of 
his studies1 and such a lover of  his   
person1 his behaviour1 and the excellent
 endowments of his mind1  that he took  
him often into his own company2 by which
 he confirmed his  native gentleness3   
and if during his time he expressed any 
error1  it was1 that he kept himself too
 much retired1 and at too great a       
distance with all his inferiors2 and his
 clothes seemed to prove1 that  he put  
too great a value on his parts and      
parentage4    ,sidenote3 ,orator        
,this may be some account of his        
disposition1 and of the employment of   
his time till he was ,master of ,arts1  
which was anno #afae1 and in the  year  
#afai he was chosen ,orator for the     

,university4 ,his two precedent         
,orators were ,sir ,robert ,naunton1#g  
and ,sir ,francis ,nethersole4#h ,the   
first was not long after made ,secretary
 of ,state1 and ,sir ,francis1  not very
 long after his being ,orator1 was made 
,secretary to the  ,lady ,elizabeth1    
,queen of ,bohemia4 ,in this place of   
,orator our ,george  ,herbert continued 
eight years2 and managed it with as     
becoming and  grave a gaiety1 as any had
 ever before or since his time4 ,for he 
had  acquired great learning1 and was   
blessed with a high fancy1 a civil  and 
sharp wit2 and with a natural elegance1 
both in his behaviour1 his  tongue1 and 
his pen4 ,of all which there might be   
very many particular  evidences2 but ,i 
will limit myself to the mention of but 
three4    ,sidenote3 ,letter to ,king   
,james    ,and the first notable        
occasion of shewing his fitness for this
  employment of ,orator was manifested  
in a letter to ,king ,james1 upon  the  
occasion of his sending that ,university

 his book called ,basilicon  ,doron2#i  
and their ,orator was to acknowledge    
this great honour1 and  return their    
gratitude to his ,majesty for such a    
condescension2 at the  close of which   
letter he writ1      ,quid ,vaticanam   
,bodleianamque objicis1 hospes6         
,unicus est nobis ,bibliotheca ,liber4  
,this letter was writ in such excellent 
,latin1 was so full of conceits1  and   
all the expressions so suited to the    
genius of the ,king1 that he  enquired  
the ,orator's name1 and then asked      
,william ,earl of ,pembroke1  if he knew
 him8 whose answer was1 ,that he knew   
him very well1 and  that he was his     
kinsman2 but he loved him more for his  
learning and  virtue1 than for that he  
was of his name and family4 ,at which   
answer  the ,king smiled1 and asked the 
,earl leave that he might love him too1 
for he took him to be the jewel of that 
,university4    ,sidenote3 ,andrew      
,melville    ,sidenote3 ,herbert's      
answers    ,sidenote3 ,lady ,arabella   

,stuart    ,the next occasion he had and
 took to shew his great abilities1 was1 
with them1 to shew also his great       
affection to that ,church in which he   
received his baptism1 and of which he   
professed himself a member2 and  the    
occasion was this3 ,there was one       
,andrew ,melvin1#aj a ,minister  of the 
,scotch ,church1 and ,rector of ,st4    
,andrew's2 who1 by a long  and constant 
converse with a discontented part of    
that ,clergy which  opposed ,episcopacy1
 became at last to be a chief leader of 
that  faction2 and had proudly appeared 
to be so to ,king ,james1 when he was   
but ,king of that nation1 who1 the      
second year after his ,coronation in    
,england1 convened a part of the        
,bishops1 and other learned ,divines  of
 his ,church1 to attend him at          
,hampton-,court1 in order to a friendly 
conference with some dissenting         
brethren1 both of this and the ,church  
of ,scotland3 of which ,scotch party    
,andrew ,melvin was one2 and he being  a

 man of learning1 and inclined to       
satirical poetry1 had scattered  many   
malicious1 bitter verses against our    
,liturgy1 our ceremonies1 and  our      
,church-government2 which were by some  
of that party so magnified  for the wit1
 that they were therefore brought into  
,westminster ,school1  where ,mr4       
,george ,herbert1 then1 and often after1
 made such answers to  them1 and such   
reflections on him and his ,kirk1 as    
might unbeguile  any man that was not   
too deeply pre-engaged in such a        
quarrel4--,but  to return to ,mr4       
,melvin at ,hampton-,court              
,conference2#aa he there  appeared to be
 a man of an unruly wit1 of a strange   
confidence1 of so  furious a zeal1 and  
of so ungoverned passions1 that his     
insolence to  the ,king1 and others at  
this ,conference1 lost him both his     
,rectorship  of ,st4 ,andrew's and his  
liberty too2 for his former verses1 and 
his  present reproaches there used      
against the ,church and ,state1 caused  

him to be committed prisoner to the     
,tower of ,london2 where he remained    
very angry for three years4 ,at which   
time of his commitment1 he found  the   
,lady ,arabella#ab an innocent prisoner 
there2 and he pleased  himself much in  
sending1 the next day after his         
commitment1 these two  verses to the    
good lady2 which ,i will underwrite1    
because they may  give the ,reader a    
taste of his others1 which were like    
these4      ,causa tibi mecum est       
communis1 carceris1 ,ara-      ,bella1  
tibi causa est1 ,araque sacra mihi4     
,i shall not trouble my ,reader with an 
account of his enlargement from  that   
prison1 or his death2 but tell him ,mr4 
,herbert's verses were  thought so      
worthy to be preserved1 that ,dr4       
,duport1#ac the learned  ,dean of       
,peterborough1 hath lately collected and
 caused many of them  to be printed1 as 
an honourable memorial of his friend    
,mr4 ,george  ,herbert1 and the cause he
 undertook4    ,sidenote3 ,in favour    

with ,james    ,and in order to my third
 and last observation of his great      
abilities1  it will be needful to       
declare1 that about this time ,king     
,james came  very often to hunt at      
,newmarket and ,royston1 and was almost 
as often  invited to ,cambridge1 where  
his entertainment was comedies1#ad      
suited  to his pleasant humour2 and     
where ,mr4 ,george ,herbert was to      
welcome  him with gratulations1 and the 
applauses of an ,orator2 which he always
  performed so well1 that he still grew 
more into the ,king's favour1  insomuch 
that he had a particular appointment to 
attend his ,majesty  at ,royston2 where1
 after a discourse with him1 his        
,majesty declared to  his kinsman1 the  
,earl of ,pembroke1 that he found the   
,orator's learning  and wisdom much     
above his age or wit4 ,the year         
following1 the ,king  appointed to end  
his progress at ,cambridge1 and to stay 
there certain  days2 at which time he   
was attended by the great ,secretary of 

,nature and all learning1 ,sir ,francis 
,bacon1 ,lord ,verulam1 and by the      
ever-memorable and learned ,dr4         
,andrews1 ,bishop of ,winchester1 both  
which did at that time begin a desired  
friendship with our ,orator4  ,upon     
whom1 the first put such a value on his 
judgment1 that he usually  desired his  
approbation before he would expose any  
of his books to  be printed2 and thought
 him so worthy of his friendship1 that  
having  translated many of the ,prophet 
,david's ,psalms into ,english verse1 he
  made ,george ,herbert his patron1 by a
 public dedication of them to him1  as  
the best judge of ,divine ,poetry4 ,and 
for the learned ,bishop1 it is          
observable1 that at that time there fell
 to be a modest debate betwixt  them two
 about ,predestination1 and ,sanctity of
 life2 of both of which  the ,orator    
did1 not long after1 send the ,bishop   
some safe and useful  aphorisms1 in a   
long letter1 written in ,greek2 which   
letter was so  remarkable for the       

language and reason of it1 that1 after  
the reading  of it1 the ,bishop put it  
into his bosom1 and did often shew it to
 many  ,scholars1 both of this and      
foreign nations2 but did always return  
it  back to the place where he first    
lodged it1 and continued it so near  his
 heart till the last day of his life4   
,sidenote3 ,his friends    ,to this ,i  
might add the long and entire friendship
 betwixt him and ,sir  ,henry ,wotton1  
and ,dr4 ,donne2 but ,i have promised to
 contract myself1  and shall therefore  
only add one testimony to what is also  
mentioned  in the ,life of ,dr4 ,donne2 
namely1 that a little before his death  
he  caused many ,seals to be made1 and  
in them to be engraven the figure of    
,christ1 crucified on an ,anchor1--the  
emblem of ,hope1--and of which ,dr4     
,donne would often say1 ,crux mihi      
anchora4--,these ,seals he gave  or sent
 to most of those friends on which he   
put a value3 and1 at  ,mr4 ,herbert's   
death1 these verses were found wrapt up 

with that seal1  which was by the       
,doctor given to him2      ,when my dear
 friend could write no more1    ,he gave
 this ,seal and so gave o'er4      ,when
 winds and waves rise highest ,i am     
sure1    ,this ,anchor keeps my faith1  
that1 me secure4    ,sidenote3 ,his     
attainments    ,at this time of being   
,orator1 he had learned to understand   
the  ,italian1 ,spanish1 and ,french    
tongues very perfectly3 hoping1 that as 
his predecessors1 so he might in time   
attain the place of a ,secretary  of    
,state1 he being at that time very high 
in the ,king's favour1 and  not meanly  
valued and loved by the most eminent and
 most powerful of  the ,court ,nobility4
 ,this1 and the love of a               
,court-conversation1 mixed  with a      
laudable ambition to be something more  
than he then was1 drew  him often from  
,cambridge1 to attend the ,king         
wheresoever the ,court  was1 who then   
gave him a sinecure1 which fell into his
 ,majesty's  disposal1 ,i think1 by the 

death of the ,bishop of ,st4 ,asaph4#ae 
,it was  the same that ,queen ,elizabeth
 had formerly given to her favourite    
,sir  ,philip ,sidney1 and valued to be 
worth an hundred and twenty pounds per  
annum4 ,with this1 and his annuity1 and 
the advantage of his ,college1  and of  
his ,oratorship1 he enjoyed his genteel 
humour for clothes1 and  ,court-like    
company1 and seldom looked towards      
,cambridge1 unless the  ,king were      
there1 but then he never failed2 and1 at
 other times1 left  the manage of his   
,orator's place to his learned friend1  
,mr4 ,herbert  ,thorndike1 who is now   
,prebend of ,westminster4#af            
,sidenote3 ,his health    ,i may not    
omit to tell1 that he had often designed
 to leave the  ,university1 and decline 
all study1 which he thought did impair  
his  health2 for he had a body apt to a 
consumption1 and to fevers1 and  other  
infirmities1 which he judged were       
increased by his studies2  for he would 
often say1 ,he had too thoughtful a wit2

 a wit like a  penknife in too narrow a 
sheath1 too sharp for his body4 ,but his
  ,mother would by no means allow him to
 leave the ,university1 or to  travel2  
and though he inclined very much to     
both1 yet he would by  no means satisfy 
his own desires at so dear a rate1 as to
 prove an  undutiful son to so          
affectionate a ,mother2 but did always  
submit to  her wisdom4 ,and what ,i have
 now said may partly appear in a copy of
  verses in his printed poems2 'tis one 
of those that bear the title  of        
,affliction2 and it appears to be a     
pious reflection on ,god's  providence1 
and some passages of his life1 in which 
he says1    ,sidenote3 ,affliction      
,whereas my birth and spirit rather took
      ,the way that takes the town3     
,thou didst betray me to a lingering    
book1      ,and wrapt me in a gown3     
,i was entangled in a world of strife1  
,before ,i had the power to change my   
life4      ,yet1 for ,i threaten'd oft  
the siege to raise1      ,not simpering 

all mine age2    ,thou often didst with 
academic praise      ,melt and dissolve 
my rage3    ,i took the sweeten'd pill1 
till ,i came where    ,i could not go   
away1 nor persevere4      ,yet1 lest    
perchance ,i should too happy be        
,in my unhappiness1    ,turning my purge
 to food1 thou throwest me      ,into   
more sicknesses4    ,thus dost thy power
 cross-bias me1 not making    ,thine own
 gifts good1 yet me from my ways taking4
      ,now ,i am here1 what thou wilt do
 with me      ,none of my books will    
show4    ,i read1 and sigh1 and wish ,i 
were a tree1      ,for then sure ,i     
should grow    ,to fruit or shade1 at   
least some bird would trust    ,her     
household with me1 and ,i would be just4
      ,yet1 though thou troublest me1 ,i
 must be meek1      ,in weakness must be
 stout1    ,well1 ,i will change my     
service1 and go seek      ,some other   
master out2    ,ah1 my dear ,god6 though
 ,i am clean forgot1    ,let me not love
 thee1 if ,i love thee not4      ,g4,h4 

,sidenote3 ,retires into ,kent    ,in   
this time of ,mr4 ,herbert's attendance 
and expectation of some good  occasion  
to remove from ,cambridge to ,court1    
,god1 in whom there is an  unseen chain 
of causes1 did in a short time put an   
end to the lives of  two of his most    
obliging and most powerful friends1     
,lodowick ,duke of  ,richmond1 and      
,james ,marquis of ,hamilton2 and not   
long after him ,king  ,james died also1 
and with them1 all ,mr4 ,herbert's      
,court-hopes3 so that  he presently     
betook himself to a retreat from        
,london1 to a friend  in ,kent1 where he
 lived very privately1 and was such a   
lover of  solitariness1 as was judged to
 impair his health1 more than his study 
had done4 ,in this time of retirement1  
he had many conflicts with  himself1    
whether he should return to the painted 
pleasures of a  ,court-life1 or betake  
himself to a study of ,divinity1 and    
enter into  ,sacred ,orders1 to which   
his dear mother had often persuaded him4

 ,these  were such conflicts1 as they   
only can know1 that have endured them2  
for ambitious desires1 and the outward  
glory of this world1 are not  easily    
laid aside2 but at last ,god inclined   
him to put on a resolution  to serve at 
his altar4    ,sidenote3 ,holy ,orders  
,he did1 at his return to ,london1      
acquaint a ,court-friend with his       
resolution to enter into ,sacred        
,orders1 who persuaded him to alter  it1
 as too mean an employment1 and too much
 below his birth1 and the  excellent    
abilities and endowments of his mind4   
,to whom he replied1  ,it hath been     
formerly judged that the domestic       
servants of the ,king  of ,heaven should
 be of the noblest families on earth4   
,and though the  iniquity of the late   
times have made clergymen meanly valued1
 and  the sacred name of priest         
contemptible2 yet ,i will labour to make
 it  honourable1 by consecrating all my 
learning1 and all my poor abilities  to 
advance the glory of that ,god that gave

 them2 knowing that ,i can  never do too
 much for him1 that hath done so much   
for me1 as to make  me a ,christian4    
,and ,i will labour to be like my       
,saviour1 by making  humility lovely in 
the eyes of all men1 and by following   
the merciful  and meek example of my    
dear ,jesus4    ,sidenote3 ,layton      
,ecclesia    ,this was then his         
resolution2 and the ,god of constancy1  
who intended  him for a great example of
 virtue1 continued him in it1 for within
  that year he was made ,deacon1 but the
 day when1 or by whom1 ,i cannot  learn2
 but that he was about that time made   
,deacon1 is most certain2  for ,i find  
by the ,records of ,lincoln1 that he was
 made ,prebend of  ,layton ,ecclesia1 in
 the ,diocese of ,lincoln1 ,july #aeth1 
#afbf1 and that  this ,prebend was given
 him by ,john1#ag then ,lord ,bishop of 
that ,see4  ,and now he had a fit       
occasion to shew that piety and bounty  
that was  derived from his generous     
mother1 and his other memorable         

ancestors1  and the occasion was this4  
,sidenote3 ,church-building    ,this    
,layton ,ecclesia is a village near to  
,spalden1 in the ,county of             
,huntingdon1 and the greatest part of   
the ,parish ,church was fallen  down1   
and that of it which stood was so       
decayed1 so little1 and so  useless1    
that the parishioners could not meet to 
perform their duty  to ,god in public   
prayer and praises2 and thus it had been
 for almost  twenty years1 in which time
 there had been some faint endeavours   
for  a public collection to enable the  
parishioners to rebuild it2 but with  no
 success1 till ,mr4 ,herbert undertook  
it2 and he1 by his own1 and  the        
contribution of many of his kindred1 and
 other noble friends1  undertook the    
re-edification of it2 and made it so    
much his whole  business1 that he became
 restless till he saw it finished as it 
now  stands2 being for the workmanship1 
a costly ,mossaic2 for the form1 an     
exact cross2 and for the decency and    

beauty1 ,i am assured1 it is the  most  
remarkable ,parish ,church that this    
nation affords4 ,he lived to  see it so 
wainscotted1 as to be exceeded by none2 
and1 by his order1  the ,reading pew and
 ,pulpit were a little distant from each
 other1 and  both of an equal height2   
for he would often say1 ,they should    
neither  have a precedency or priority  
of the other2 but that prayer and       
preaching1 being equally useful1 might  
agree like brethren1 and have  an equal 
honour and estimation4    ,before ,i    
proceed farther1 ,i must look back to   
the time of ,mr4  ,herbert's being made 
,prebend1 and tell the ,reader1 that not
 long  after1 his ,mother being informed
 of his intentions to rebuild that      
,church1 and apprehending the great     
trouble and charge that he was like  to 
draw upon himself1 his relations and    
friends1 before it could  be finished1  
sent for him from ,london to            
,chelsea1--where she then  dwelt1--and  
at his coming1 said1 ,george1 ,i sent   

for you1 to persuade  you to commit     
,simony1 by giving your patron as good a
 gift as he has  given to you2 namely1  
that you give him back his prebend2 for1
 ,george1  it is not for your weak body1
 and empty purse1 to undertake to  build
 ,churches4 ,of which1 he desired he    
might have a day's time to  consider1   
and then make her an answer4 ,and at his
 return to her the  next day1 when he   
had first desired her blessing1 and she 
given it  him1 his next request was1    
,that she would at the age of           
thirty-three  years1 allow him to become
 an undutiful son3 for he had made a vow
 to  ,god1 that1 if he were able1 he    
would rebuild that ,church4 ,and  then  
shewed her such reasons for his         
resolution1 that she presently          
subscribed to be one of his benefactors2
 and undertook to solicit  ,william     
,earl of ,pembroke to become another1   
who subscribed for fifty  pounds2 and   
not long after1 by a witty and          
persuasive letter from ,mr4  ,herbert1  

made it fifty pounds more4 ,and in this 
nomination of some  of his benefactors1 
,james ,duke of ,lenox1 and his brother1
 ,sir ,henry  ,herbert1 ought to be     
remembered2 as also the bounty of ,mr4  
,nicholas  ,farrer1#ah and ,mr4 ,arthur 
,woodnot3 the one a gentleman in the    
neighbourhood of ,layton1 and the other 
a ,goldsmith in ,foster ,lane1  ,london1
 ought not to be forgotten3 for the     
memory of such men ought to  outlive    
their lives4 ,of ,mr4 ,farrer1 ,i shall 
hereafter give an account  in a more    
seasonable place2 but before ,i proceed 
farther1 ,i will give  this short       
account of ,mr4 ,arthur ,woodnot4       
,sidenote3 ,mr4 ,arthur ,woodnot    ,he 
was a man that had considered overgrown 
estates do often require  more care and 
watchfulness to preserve than get them1 
and considered  that there be many      
discontents1 that riches cure not2 and  
did  therefore set limits to himself1 as
 to desire of wealth4 ,and having       
attained so much as to be able to shew  

some mercy to the poor1 and  preserve a 
competence for himself1 he dedicated the
 remaining part of  his life to the     
service of ,god1 and to be useful to his
 friends2 and  he proved to be so to    
,mr4 ,herbert2 for besides his own      
bounty1  he collected and returned most 
of the money that was paid for the      
rebuilding of that ,church2 he kept all 
the account of the charges1 and  would  
often go down to state them1 and see all
 the workmen paid4 ,when  ,i have said1 
that this good man was a useful friend  
to ,mr4 ,herbert's  father1 and to his  
mother1 and continued to be so to him1  
till he  closed his eyes on his         
death-bed2 ,i will forbear to say more1 
till ,i  have the next fair occasion to 
mention the holy friendship that was    
betwixt him and ,mr4 ,herbert4 ,from    
whom ,mr4 ,woodnot carried to his       
mother this following letter1 and       
delivered it to her in a sickness1      
which was not long before that which    
proved to be her last4    ,sidenote3 ,a 

,letter    ,a ,letter of ,mr4 ,,george  
,,herbert to his ,mother1 ,in her       
,sickness4    ,,madam1    ,at my last   
parting from you1 ,i was the better     
content1 because ,i was  in hope ,i     
should myself carry all sickness out of 
your family3 but  since ,i know ,i did  
not and that your share continues1 or   
rather  increaseth1 ,i wish earnestly   
that ,i were again with you2 and would  
quickly make good my wish1 but that my  
employment does fix me here1 it  being  
now but a month to our commencement3    
wherein my absence1 by how  much it     
naturally augmenteth suspicion1 by so   
much shall it make my  prayers the more 
constant and the more earnest for you to
 the ,god of  all consolation4--,in the 
mean time1 ,i beseech you to be         
cheerful1  and comfort yourself in the  
,god of all comfort1 who is not willing 
to  behold any sorrow but for           
sin4--,what hath affliction grievous in 
it  more than for a moment8 or why      
should our afflictions here1 have  so   

much power or boldness as to oppose the 
hope of our joys  hereafter8--,madam1 as
 the earth is but a point in respect of 
the  heavens1 so are earthly troubles   
compared to heavenly joys2 therefore1   
if either age or sickness lead you to   
those joys1 consider what  advantage you
 have over youth and health1 who are now
 so near those  true comforts4 ,your    
last letter gave me earthly preferment1 
and ,i hope  kept heavenly for yourself3
 but would you divide and choose too8   
,our ,college customs allow not that3   
and ,i should account myself most       
happy1 if ,i might change with you2 for 
,i have always observed the  thread of  
life to be like other threads or skeins 
of silk1 full of  snarles and           
incumbrances4 ,happy is he1 whose bottom
 is wound up1 and  laid ready for work  
in the ,new ,jerusalem4--,for myself1   
dear ,mother1 ,i  always feared sickness
 more than death1 because sickness hath 
made me  unable to perform those offices
 for which ,i came into the world1 and  

must yet be kept in it2 but you are     
freed from that fear1 who have  already 
abundantly discharged that part1 having 
both ordered your  family and so brought
 up your children1 that they have       
attained to the  years of discretion1   
and competent maintenance4 ,so that now1
 if they  do not well1 the fault cannot 
be charged on you1 whose example  and   
care of them will justify you both to   
the world and your own  conscience2     
insomuch that1 whether you turn your    
thoughts on the life  past1 or on the   
joys that are to come1 you have strong  
preservatives  against all disquiet4    
,and for temporal afflictions1 ,i       
beseech you  consider1 all that can     
happen to you are either afflictions of 
estate1  or body1 or mind4 ,for those of
 estate1 of what poor regard ought they 
to be8 since1 if we had riches1 we are  
commanded to give them away3 so  that   
the best use of them is1 having1 not to 
have them4 ,but perhaps1  being above   
the common people1 our credit and       

estimation calls on us  to live in a    
more splendid fashion3 but1 ,o ,god6 how
 easily is that  answered1 when we      
consider that the blessings in the holy 
,scripture  are never given to the rich1
 but to the poor4 ,i never find         
',blessed be  the rich1' or ',blessed be
 the noble2' but1 ',blessed be the      
meek1' and1  ',blessed be the poor1'    
and1 ',blessed be the mourners1 for they
 shall  be comforted4'--,and yet1 ,o    
,god6 most carry themselves so1 as if   
they not only not desired1 but even     
feared to be blessed4--,and for         
afflictions of the body1 dear ,madam1   
remember the holy ,martyrs of ,god1  how
 they have been burned by thousands1 and
 have endured such other  tortures1 as  
the very mention of them might beget    
amazement3 but their  fiery trials have 
had an end2 and your's--which1 praised  
be ,god1 are  less1--are not like to    
continue long4 ,i beseech you1 let such 
thoughts  as these moderate your present
 fear and sorrow2 and know that if any  

of yours should prove a ,goliah-like    
trouble1 yet you may say with  ,david1  
',that ,god1 who hath delivered me out  
of the paws of the lion  and bear1 will 
also deliver me out of the hands of this
 uncircumcised  ,philistine4'--,lastly1 
for those afflictions of the soul2      
consider that  ,god intends that to be  
as a ,sacred ,temple for himself to     
dwell in1 and  will not allow any room  
there for such an inmate as grief2 or   
allow  that any sadness shall be his    
competitor4 ,and1 above all1 if any care
  of future things molest you1 remember 
those admirable words of the  ,psalmist3
 ',cast thy care on the ,lord1 and he   
shall nourish thee4'  ,psal4 lv4 #bb4   
,to which join that of ,st4 ,peter1     
',casting all your  care on the ,lord1  
for he careth for you4' #a ,pet4 v4 #g4 
,what an  admirable thing is this1 that 
,god puts his shoulder to our burden1   
and  entertains our care for us1 that we
 may the more quietly intend his        
service6 ,to conclude1 let me commend   

only one place more to you3  ,philipp4  
iv4 #d4 ,st4 ,paul saith there1         
',rejoice in the ,lord always3 and      
again ,i say1 rejoice4' ,he doubles it  
to take away the scruple of those  that 
might say1 ,what1 shall we rejoice in   
afflictions8 ,yes1 ,i say  again1       
rejoice2 so that it is not left to us to
 rejoice1 or not  rejoice2 but1         
whatsoever befalls us1 we must always1  
at all times1  rejoice in the ,lord1 who
 taketh care for us4 ,and it follows in 
the  next verses3 ',let your moderation 
appear to all men3 ,the ,lord is at     
hand3 ,be careful for nothing4' ,what   
can be said more comfortably8  ,trouble 
not yourselves2 ,god is at hand1 to     
deliver us from all1 or in  all4--,dear 
,madam1 pardon my boldness1 and accept  
the good meaning of         ,your most  
obedient son1                           
,,george ,,herbert4    ,trin4 ,coll4    
,may #beth1 #afbb4    ,sidenote3        
,sickness    ,about the year #afbi1 and 
the thirty-fourth of his age1 ,mr4      

,herbert was  seized with a sharp       
quotidian ague1 and thought to remove it
 by the  change of air2 to which end1 he
 went to ,woodford in ,essex1 but       
thither  more chiefly to enjoy the      
company of his beloved brother1 ,sir    
,henry  ,herbert1 and other friends then
 of that family4 ,in his house he       
remained about twelve months1 and there 
became his own physician1 and  cured    
himself of his ague1 by forbearing to   
drink1 and not eating any  meat1 no not 
mutton1 nor a hen1 or pigeon1 unless    
they were  salted2 and by such a        
constant diet he removed his ague1 but  
with  inconveniences that were worse2   
for he brought upon himself  a          
disposition to rheums1 and other        
weaknesses1 and a supposed  consumption4
 ,and it is to be noted1 that in the    
sharpest of his  extreme fits he would  
often say1 ,lord1 abate my great        
affliction1 or  increase my patience3   
but ,lord1 ,i repine not2 ,i am dumb1   
,lord1 before  thee1 because thou doest 

it4 ,by which1 and a sanctified         
submission to  the will of ,god1 he     
shewed he was inclinable to bear the    
sweet yoke of  ,christian discipline1   
both then and in the latter part of his 
life1 of  which there will be many true 
testimonies4    ,sidenote3 ,at ,dauntsey
    ,and now his care was to recover    
from his consumption1 by a change  from 
,woodford into such an air as was most  
proper to that end4 ,and his  remove was
 to ,dauntsey in ,wiltshire1 a noble    
house1 which stands in a  choice air2   
the owner of it then was the ,lord      
,danvers1 ,earl of ,danby1  who loved   
,mr4 ,herbert so very much1 that he     
allowed him such an  apartment in it as 
might best suit with his accommodation  
and liking4  ,and in this place1 by a   
spare diet1 declining all perplexing    
studies1  moderate exercise1 and a      
cheerful conversation1 his health was   
apparently improved to a good degree of 
strength and cheerfulness4 ,and  then he
 declared his resolution both to marry1 

and to enter into the  ,sacred ,orders  
of ,priesthood4 ,these had long been the
 desires of his  ,mother1 and his other 
relations2 but she lived not to see     
either1 for  she died in the year #afbg4
 ,and though he was disobedient to her  
about  ,layton ,church1 yet1 in         
conformity to her will1 he kept his     
,orator's  place till after her death1  
and then presently declined it2 and  the
 more willingly1 that he might be       
succeeded by his friend ,robert         
,creighton1#ai who now is ,dr4          
,creighton1 and the worthy ,bishop of   
,wells4    ,i shall now proceed to his  
marriage2 in order to which1 it will be 
convenient that ,i first give the       
,reader a short view of his person1  and
 then an account of his wife1 and of    
some circumstances concerning           
both4--,he was for his person of a      
stature inclining towards tallness2  his
 body was very straight1 and so far from
 being cumbered with too  much flesh1   
that he was lean to an extremity4 ,his  

aspect was cheerful1  and his speech and
 motion did both declare him a          
gentleman2 for they  were all so meek   
and obliging1 that they purchased love  
and respect  from all that knew him4    
,sidenote3 ,jane ,danvers    ,these1 and
 his other visible virtues1 begot him   
much love from a  gentleman of a noble  
fortune1 and a near kinsman to his      
friend the  ,earl of ,danby2 namely1    
from ,mr4 ,charles ,danvers of ,bainton1
 in the  ,county of ,wilts1 ,esq4 ,this 
,mr4 ,danvers1 having known him long1   
and familiarly1 did so much affect him1 
that he often and publicly  declared a  
desire1 that ,mr4 ,herbert would marry  
any of his nine  daughters1--for he had 
so many1--but rather his daughter ,jane 
than any  other1 because ,jane was his  
beloved daughter4 ,and he had often said
  the same to ,mr4 ,herbert himself2 and
 that if he could like her for a  wife1 
and she him for a husband1 ,jane should 
have a double blessing3  and ,mr4       
,danvers had so often said the like to  

,jane1 and so much  commended ,mr4      
,herbert to her1 that ,jane became so   
much a platonic1 as  to fall in love    
with ,mr4 ,herbert unseen4    ,sidenote3
 ,his marriage    ,this was a fair      
preparation for a marriage2 but1 alas6  
her father died  before ,mr4 ,herbert's 
retirement to ,dauntsey3 yet some       
friends to  both parties procured their 
meeting2 at which time a mutual         
affection  entered into both their      
hearts1 as a conqueror enters into a    
surprised  city2 and love having got    
such possession1 governed1 and made     
there  such laws and resolutions1 as    
neither party was able to resist2       
insomuch1 that she changed her name into
 ,herbert the third day after  this     
first interview4    ,this haste might in
 others be thought a love-frenzy1 or    
worse2 but  it was not1 for they had    
wooed so like princes1 as to have select
  proxies2 such as were true friends to 
both parties1 such as well  understood  
,mr4 ,herbert's and her temper of mind1 

and also their  estates1 so well before 
this interview1 that the suddenness was 
justifiable by the strictest rules of   
prudence2 and the more1 because  it     
proved so happy to both parties2 for the
 eternal lover of mankind  made them    
happy in each other's mutual and equal  
affections1 and  compliance2 indeed1 so 
happy1 that there never was any         
opposition  betwixt them1 unless it were
 a contest which should most incline to 
a compliance with the other's desires4  
,and though this begot1 and  continued  
in them1 such a mutual love1 and joy1   
and content1 as was no  way defective2  
yet this mutual content1 and love1 and  
joy1 did receive  a daily augmentation1 
by such daily obligingness to each      
other1 as  still added such new         
affluences to the former fulness of     
these divine  souls1 as was only        
improvable in ,heaven1 where they now   
enjoy it4    ,sidenote3 ,a presentation 
,about three months after this marriage1
 ,dr4 ,curle1 who was then ,rector  of  

,bemerton1 in ,wiltshire1 was made      
,bishop of ,bath and ,wells1 and  not   
long after translated to ,winchester1   
and by that means the  presentation of a
 ,clerk to ,bemerton did not fall to the
 ,earl of  ,pembroke1--who was the      
undoubted ,patron of it1--but to the    
,king1  by reason of ,dr4 ,curie's      
advancement3 but ,philip1 then ,earl of 
,pembroke1--for ,william was lately     
dead1--requested the ,king to bestow  it
 upon his kinsman ,george ,herbert2 and 
the ,king said1 ,most willingly  to ,mr4
 ,herbert1 if it be worth his           
acceptance2 and the ,earl as  willingly 
and suddenly sent it him1 without       
seeking4 ,but though ,mr4  ,herbert had 
formerly put on a resolution for the    
,clergy2 yet1 at  receiving this        
presentation1 the apprehension of the   
last great  account1 that he was to make
 for the cure of so many souls1 made him
  fast and pray often1 and consider for 
not less than a month3 in which  time he
 had some resolutions to decline both   

the ,priesthood1 and that  living4 ,and 
in this time of considering1 he endured1
 as he would  often say1 such spiritual 
conflicts1 as none can think1 but only  
those that have endured them4           
,sidenote3 ,rector of ,bemerton    ,in  
the midst of these conflicts1 his old   
and dear friend1 ,mr4 ,arthur  ,woodnot1
 took a journey to salute him at        
,bainton1--where he then  was1 with his 
wife's friends and relations1--and was  
joyful to be  an eye-witness of his     
health and happy marriage4 ,and after   
they had  rejoiced together some few    
days1 they took a journey to ,wilton1   
the  famous seat of the ,earls of       
,pembroke2 at which time the ,king1 the 
,earl1 and the whole ,court were there1 
or at ,salisbury1 which is near  to it4 
,and at this time ,mr4 ,herbert         
presented his thanks to the ,earl1  for 
his presentation to ,bemerton1 but had  
not yet resolved to accept  it1 and told
 him the reason why3 but that night1 the
 ,earl acquainted  ,dr4 ,laud1 then     

,bishop of ,london1 and after           
,archbishop of ,canterbury1  with his   
kinsman's irresolution4 ,and the ,bishop
 did the next day so  convince ,mr4     
,herbert1 that the refusal of it was a  
sin1 that a tailor  was sent for to come
 speedily from ,salisbury to ,wilton1 to
 take  measure1 and make him canonical  
clothes against next day2 which  the    
tailor did3 and ,mr4 ,herbert being so  
habited1 went with his  presentation to 
the learned ,dr4 ,davenant1#bj who was  
then ,bishop of  ,salisbury1 and he gave
 him institution immediately1--for ,mr4 
,herbert  had been made ,deacon some    
years before1--and he was also the same 
day--which was ,april #bfth1            
#afcj--;inducted into the good1 and more
  pleasant than healthful1 ,parsonage of
 ,bemerton2 which is a mile from        
,salisbury4    ,sidenote3 ,preparation  
,i have now brought him to the          
,parsonage of ,bemerton1#ba and to the  
thirty-sixth year of his age1 and must  
stop here1 and bespeak the  ,reader to  

prepare for an almost incredible story1 
of the great  sanctity of the short     
remainder of his holy life2 a life so   
full of  charity1 humility1 and all     
,christian virtues1 that it deserves the
  eloquence of ,st4 ,chrysostom to      
commend and declare it3 a life1 that  if
 it were related by a pen like his1     
there would then be no need for  this   
age to look back into times past for the
 examples of primitive  piety2 for they 
might be all found in the life of       
,george ,herbert4 ,but  now1 alas6 who  
is fit to undertake it8 ,i confess ,i am
 not2 and am not  pleased with myself   
that ,i must2 and profess myself amazed1
 when ,i  consider how few of the       
,clergy lived like him then1 and how    
many live  so unlike him now4 ,but it   
becomes not me to censure3 my design is 
rather to assure the ,reader1 that ,i   
have used very great diligence to       
inform myself1 that ,i might inform him 
of the truth of what follows2  and      
though ,i cannot adorn it with          

eloquence1 yet ,i will do it with       
sincerity4    ,when at his induction he 
was shut into ,bemerton ,church1 being  
left  there alone to toll the bell1--as 
the ,law requires him1--he staid so     
much longer than an ordinary time1      
before he returned to those friends     
that staid expecting him at the         
,church-door1 that his friend ,mr4      
,woodnot looked in at the               
,church-window1 and saw him lie         
prostrate on  the ground before the     
,altar2 at which time and place--as he  
after told  ,mr4 ,woodnot--he set some  
rules to himself1 for the future manage 
of  his life2 and then and there made a 
vow to labour to keep them4             
,sidenote3 and resolutions    ,and the  
same night that he had his induction1 he
 said to ,mr4 ,woodnot1  ,i now look    
back upon my aspiring thoughts1 and     
think myself more  happy than if ,i had 
attained what then ,i so ambitiously    
thirsted for4  ,and ,i now can behold   
the ,court with an impartial eye1 and   

see plainly  that it is made up of fraud
 and titles1 and flattery1 and many     
other  such empty1 imaginary1 painted   
pleasures2 pleasures1 that are so       
empty1 as not to satisfy when they are  
enjoyed4 ,but in ,god1 and his  service1
 is a fulness of all joy and pleasure1  
and no satiety4 ,and ,i  will now use   
all my endeavours to bring my relations 
and dependents to  a love and reliance  
on ,him1 who never fails those that     
trust him4 ,but  above all1 ,i will be  
sure to live well1 because the virtuous 
life of  a ,clergyman is the most       
powerful eloquence to persuade all that 
see  it to reverence and love1 and at   
least to desire to live like him4 ,and  
this ,i will do1 because ,i know we live
 in an age that hath more need  of good 
examples than precepts4 ,and ,i beseech 
that ,god1 who hath  honoured me so much
 as to call me to serve him at his      
altar1 that as  by his special grace he 
hath put into my heart these good       
desires  and resolutions2 so he will1 by

 his assisting grace1 give me ghostly   
strength to bring the same to good      
effect4 ,and ,i beseech him1 that my    
humble and charitable life may so win   
upon others1 as to bring glory  to my   
,jesus1 whom ,i have this day taken to  
be my ,master and ,governor2  and ,i am 
so proud of his service1 that ,i will   
always observe1 and  obey1 and do his   
will2 and always call him1 ,jesus my    
,master2 and ,i  will always contemn my 
birth1 or any title or dignity that can 
be  conferred upon me1 when ,i shall    
compare them with my title of being a   
,priest1 and serving at the ,altar of   
,jesus my ,master4    ,sidenote3 ,the   
,odour    ,and that he did so1 may      
appear in many parts of his book of     
,sacred  ,poems3 especially in that     
which he calls ,the ,odour4 ,in which he
  seems to rejoice in the thoughts of   
that word ,jesus1 and say1 that  the    
adding these words1 my ,master1 to it1  
and the often repetition of  them1      
seemed to perfume his mind1 and leave an

 oriental fragrancy in  his very breath4
 ,and for his unforced choice to serve  
at ,god's altar1  he seems in another   
place of his poems1 ,the ,pearl1 7,matt4
 xiii4 #de1  #df17 to rejoice and       
say--,he knew the ways of learning2 knew
 what  nature does willingly1 and what1 
when it is forced by fire2 knew the     
ways of honour1 and when glory inclines 
the soul to noble expressions2  knew the
 ,court2 knew the ways of pleasure1 of  
love1 of wit1 of music1  and upon what  
terms he declined all these for the     
service of his  ,master ,jesus2 and then
 concludes1 saying1      ,that1 through 
these labyrinths1 not my grovelling wit1
    ,but thy silk twist1 let down from  
,heaven to me1    ,did both conduct1 and
 teach me1 how by it ,to climb to thee4 
,sidenote3 ,a ,priest's ,wife    ,the   
third day after he was made ,rector of  
,bemerton1 and had changed  his sword   
and silk clothes into a canonical coat1 
he returned so  habited with his friend 
,mr4 ,woodnot to ,bainton2 and          

immediately after  he had seen and      
saluted his wife1 he said to her--,you  
are now a  ,minister's wife1 and must   
now so far forget your father's house1  
as  not to claim a precedence of any of 
your parishioners2 for you are to  know1
 that a ,priest's wife can challenge no 
precedence or place1 but  that which she
 purchases by her obliging humility2 and
 ,i am sure1  places so purchased do    
best become them4 ,and let me tell you1 
that ,i  am so good a ,herald1 as to    
assure you that this is truth4 ,and she 
was  so meek a wife1 as to assure him1  
it was no vexing news to her1 and  that 
he should see her observe it with a     
cheerful willingness4  ,and1 indeed1 her
 unforced humility1 that humility that  
was in her so  original1 as to be born  
with her1 made her so happy as to do so2
 and  her doing so begot her an         
unfeigned love1 and a serviceable       
respect  from all that conversed with   
her2 and this love followed her in all  
places1 as inseparably as shadows follow

 substances in sunshine4    ,sidenote3  
,a parishioner    ,it was not many days 
before he returned back to ,bemerton1 to
 view the  ,church1 and repair the      
,chancel3 and indeed to rebuild almost  
three  parts of his house1 which was    
fallen down1 or decayed by reason of his
  predecessor's living at a better      
,parsonage-house2 namely1 at ,minal1    
sixteen or twenty miles from this place4
 ,at which time of ,mr4  ,herbert's     
coming alone to ,bemerton1 there came to
 him a poor old  woman1 with an intent  
to acquaint him with her necessitous    
condition1  as also with some troubles  
of her mind3 but after she had spoke    
some  few words to him1 she was         
surprised with a fear1 and that begot a 
shortness of breath1 so that her spirits
 and speech failed her2 which  he       
perceiving1 did so compassionate her1   
and was so humble1 that he  took her by 
the hand1 and said1 ,speak1 good mother2
 be not afraid to  speak to me2 for ,i  
am a man that will hear you with        

patience2 and  will relieve your        
necessities too1 if ,i be able3 and this
 ,i will do  willingly2 and therefore1  
mother1 be not afraid to acquaint me    
with  what you desire4 ,after which     
comfortable speech1 he again took her by
  the hand1 made her sit down by him1   
and understanding she was of his        
parish1 he told her ,he would be        
acquainted with her1 and take her  into 
his care4 ,and having with patience     
heard and understood her  wants1--and it
 is some relief for a poor body to be   
but heard with  patience1--he1 like a   
,christian ,clergyman1 comforted her by 
his meek  behaviour and counsel3 but    
because that cost him nothing1 he       
relieved  her with money too1 and so    
sent her home with a cheerful heart1    
praising ,god1 and praying for him4     
,thus worthy1 and--like ,david's        
blessed man--thus lowly1 was ,mr4       
,george ,herbert in his own eyes1 and   
thus lovely in the eyes of others4      
,at his return that night to his wife at

 ,bainton1 he gave her an  account of   
the passages betwixt him and the poor   
woman2 with which she  was affected1    
that she went next day to ,salisbury1   
and there bought  a pair of blankets1   
and sent them as a token of her love to 
the poor  woman2 and with them a        
message1 ,that she would see and be     
acquainted  with her1 when her house was
 built at ,bemerton4    ,sidenote3      
,bemerton ,parsonage    ,there be many  
such passages both of him and his wife1 
of which some  few will be related3 but 
,i shall first tell1 that he hasted to  
get  the ,parish-,church repaired2 then 
to beautify the ,chapel1--which stands  
near his house1--and that at his own    
great charge4 ,he then proceeded  to    
rebuild the greatest part of the        
,parsonage-house1 which he did  also    
very completely1 and at his own charge2 
and having done this  good work1 he     
caused these verses to be writ upon1 or 
engraven in1 the  mantle of the chimney 
in his hall4      ,,to ,,my ,,successor4

      ,if thou chance for to find    ,a 
new house to thy mind1    ,and built    
without thy cost2      ,be good to the  
poor1      ,as ,god gives thee store1   
,and then my labour's not lost4    ,we  
will now1 by the ,reader's favour1      
suppose him fixed at ,bemerton1  and    
grant him to have seen the ,church      
repaired1 and the ,chapel  belonging to 
it very decently adorned at his own     
great charge1--which  is a real         
truth2--and having now fixed him there1 
,i shall proceed  to give an account of 
the rest of his behaviour1 both to his  
parishioners1 and those many others that
 knew and conversed with him4           
,sidenote3 ,ordained ,priest            
,doubtless ,mr4 ,herbert had considered1
 and given rules to himself for  his    
,christian carriage both to ,god and    
man1 before he entered  into ,holy      
,orders4 ,and 'tis not unlike1 but that 
he renewed those  resolutions at his    
prostration before the holy altar1 at   
his induction  into the ,church of      

,bemerton3 but as yet he was but a      
,deacon1 and  therefore longed for the  
next ,ember-week1 that he might be      
ordained  ,priest1 and made capable of  
administering both the ,sacraments4 ,at 
which time the reverend ,dr4 ,humphrey  
,henchman1#bb now ,lord ,bishop  of     
,london1--who does not mention him but  
with some veneration for  his life and  
excellent learning1--tells me1 ,he laid 
his hand on ,mr4  ,herbert's head1 and1 
alas6 within less than three years1 lent
 his  shoulder to carry his dear friend 
to his grave4    ,sidenote3 ,the        
,country ,parson    ,and that ,mr4      
,herbert might the better preserve those
 holy rules which  such a ,priest as he 
intended to be1 ought to observe2 and   
that time  might not insensibly blot    
them out of his memory1 but that the    
next  year might shew him his variations
 from this year's resolutions2 he       
therefore did set down his rules1 then  
resolved upon1 in that order as  the    
world now sees them printed in a little 

book1 called ,the ,country  ,parson2 in 
which some of his rules are3      ,the  
,parson's knowledge4    ,the ,parson on 
,sundays4    ,the ,parson praying4      
,the ,parson preaching4    ,the         
,parson's charity4    ,the ,parson      
comforting the sick4    ,the ,parson    
arguing4    ,the ,parson condescending4 
,the ,parson in his journey4    ,the    
,parson in his mirth4    ,the ,parson   
with his ,churchwardens4    ,the ,parson
 blessing the people4    ,and his       
behaviour towards ,god and man may be   
said to be a practical  comment on      
these1 and the other holy rules set down
 in that useful  book3 a book so full of
 plain1 prudent1 and useful rules1 that 
that  ,country ,parson1 that can spare  
twelve pence1 and yet wants it1 is      
scarce excusable2 because it will both  
direct him what he ought to do1  and    
convince him for not having done it4    
,sidenote3 ,first sermon    ,at the     
death of ,mr4 ,herbert1 this book fell  
into the hands of his  friend ,mr4      

,woodnot2 and he commended it into the  
trusty hands of ,mr4  sermon ,barnabas  
,oley1#bc who published it with a most  
conscientious  and excellent preface2   
from which ,i have had some of those    
truths1  that are related in this life  
of ,mr4 ,herbert4 ,the text of his first
  ,sermon was taken out of ,solomon's   
,proverbs1 chap4 iv4 #bc1 and the  words
 were1 ,keep thy heart with all         
diligence4 ,in which first ,sermon  he  
gave his ,parishioners many necessary1  
holy1 safe rules for the  discharge of a
 good conscience1 both to ,god and man2 
and delivered  his ,sermon after a most 
florid manner1 both with great learning 
and  eloquence2 but1 at the close of    
this ,sermon1 told them1 ,that should   
not be his constant way of preaching2   
for since ,almighty ,god does not       
intend to lead men to ,heaven by hard   
questions1 he would not therefore  fill 
their heads with unnecessary notions2   
but that1 for their sakes1  his language
 and his expressions should be more     

plain and practical  in his future      
sermons4 ,and he then made it his humble
 request1 ,that  they would be constant 
to the ,afternoon's ,service1 and       
,catechising3  and shewed them          
convincing reasons why he desired it2   
and his obliging  example and           
persuasions brought them to a willing   
conformity to his  desires4             
,sidenote3 ,other sermons    ,the texts 
for all his future sermons--which1 ,god 
knows1 were not  many--were constantly  
taken out of the ,gospel for the day2   
and he  did as constantly declare why   
the ,church did appoint that portion  of
 ,scripture to be that day read2 and in 
what manner the ,collect for  every     
,sunday does refer to the ,gospel1 or to
 the ,epistle then read  to them2 and1  
that they might pray with understanding1
 he did usually  take occasion to       
explain1 not only the ,collect for every
 particular  ,sunday1 but the reasons of
 all the other ,collects and ,responses 
in our  ,church-service2 and made it    

appear to them1 that the whole service  
of  the ,church was a reasonable1 and   
therefore an acceptable sacrifice  to   
,god3 as namely1 that we begin with     
,confession of ourselves to be  vile1   
miserable sinners2 and that we begin so1
 because1 till we have  confessed       
ourselves to be such1 we are not capable
 of that mercy which  we acknowledge we 
need1 and pray for3 but having1 in the  
prayer of  our ,lord1 begged pardon for 
those sins which we have confessed2 and 
hoping1 that as the ,priest hath        
declared our absolution1 so by our      
public confession1 and real repentance1 
we have obtained that pardon2  then we  
dare and do proceed to beg of the ,lord1
 to open our lips1  that our mouth may  
shew forth his praise2 for till then we 
are  neither able nor worthy to praise  
him4 ,but this being supposed1 we are   
then fit to say1 ,glory be to the       
,father1 and to the ,son1 and to the    
,holy ,ghost2 and fit to proceed to a   
further service of our ,god1 in  the    

,collects1 and ,psalms1 and ,lauds1 that
 follow in the service4    ,sidenote3   
,psalms and ,lauds    ,and as to the    
,psalms and ,lauds1 he proceeded to     
inform them why they  were so often1 and
 some of them daily1 repeated in our    
,church-service2  namely1 the ,psalms   
every month1 because they be an         
historical and  thankful repetition of  
mercies past1 and such a composition of 
prayers  and praises1 as ought to be    
repeated often1 and publicly2 for with  
such sacrifice ,god is honoured and     
well-pleased4 ,this for the ,psalms4    
,sidenote3 ,his teaching    ,and for the
 ,hymns and ,lauds appointed to be daily
 repeated or sung  after the first and  
second ,lessons are read to the         
congregation2 he  proceeded to inform   
them1 that it was most reasonable1 after
 they have  heard the will and goodness 
of ,god declared or preached by the     
,priest  in his reading the two         
chapters1 that it was then a seasonable 
duty  to rise up1 and express their     

gratitude to ,almighty ,god1 for those  
his  mercies to them1 and to all        
mankind2 and then to say with the       
,blessed  ,virgin1 that their souls do  
magnify the ,lord1 and that their       
spirits  do also rejoice in ,god their  
,saviour3 and that it was their duty    
also  to rejoice with ,simeon in his    
song1 and say with him1 ,that their eyes
  have also seen their salvation2 for   
they have seen that salvation  which was
 but prophesied till his time3 and he   
then broke out into  these expressions  
of joy that he did see it2 but they live
 to see it  daily in the history of it1 
and therefore ought daily to rejoice1   
and  daily to offer up their sacrifices 
of praise to their ,god1 for that       
particular mercy4 ,a service1 which is  
now the constant employment of  that    
,blessed ,virgin and ,simeon1 and all   
those blessed ,saints that are          
possessed of ,heaven3 and where they are
 at this time interchangeably  and      
constantly singing1 ,holy1 holy1 holy1  

,lord ,god2 glory be to ,god  on high1  
and on earth peace4 ,and he taught them1
 that to do this was  an acceptable     
service to ,god1 because the ,prophet   
,david says in his  ,psalms1 ,he that   
praiseth the ,lord honoureth him4    ,he
 made them to understand how happy they 
be that are freed from the  incumbrances
 of that law which our forefathers      
groaned under3 namely1  from the legal  
sacrifices1 and from the many ceremonies
 of the  ,levitical law2 freed from     
,circumcision1 and from the strict      
observation of the ,jewish ,sabbath1 and
 the like4 ,and he made them  know1 that
 having received so many and so great   
blessings1 by being  born since the days
 of our ,saviour1 it must be an         
acceptable sacrifice  to ,almighty ,god1
 for them to acknowledge those blessings
 daily1 and  stand up and worship1 and  
say as ,zacharias did1 ,blessed be the  
,lord  ,god of ,israel1 for he hath--in 
our days--visited and redeemed his      
people2 and he hath--in our             

days--remembered1 and shewed that mercy1
  which by the mouth of the ,prophets1  
he promised to our forefathers2  and    
this he has done according to his holy  
covenant made with them4  ,and he made  
them to understand that we live to see  
and enjoy  the benefit of it1 in his    
,birth1 in his ,life1 his ,passion1 his 
,resurrection1 and ,ascension into      
,heaven1 where he now sits sensible of  
all our temptations and infirmities2 and
 where he is at this present  time      
making intercession for us1 to his and  
our ,father3 and therefore  they ought  
daily to express their public           
gratulations1 and say daily  with       
,zacharias1 ,blessed be the ,lord ,god  
of ,israel1 that hath thus  visited and 
thus redeemed his people4--,these were  
some of the  reasons1 by which ,mr4     
,herbert instructed his congregation for
 the  use of the ,psalms and ,hymns     
appointed to be daily sung or said in   
the  ,church-service4    ,sidenote3     
,prayers    ,he informed them also1 when

 the ,priest did pray only for the      
congregation1 and not for himself2 and  
when they did only pray for  him2 as    
namely1 after the repetition of the     
,creed before he proceeds  to pray the  
,lord's ,prayer1 or any of the appointed
 ,collects1 the  ,priest is directed to 
kneel down1 and pray for them1 saying1  
,the  ,lord be with you2 and when they  
pray for him1 saying1 ,and with thy     
spirit2 and then they join together in  
the following ,collects3 and  he assured
 them1 that when there is such mutual   
love1 and such joint  prayers offered   
for each other1 then the holy ,angels   
look down  from ,heaven1 and are ready  
to carry such charitable desires to ,god
  ,almighty1 and he as ready to receive 
them2 and that a ,christian             
congregation calling thus upon ,god with
 one heart1 and one voice1 and  in one  
reverent and humble posture1 looks as   
beautifully as ,jerusalem1  that is at  
peace with itself4    ,sidenote3 ,mode  
of worship    ,he instructed them also  

why the prayer of our ,lord was prayed  
often  in every full service of the     
,church2 namely1 at the conclusion of   
the  several parts of that service2 and 
prayed then1 not only because it  was   
composed and commanded by our ,jesus    
that made it1 but as a perfect  pattern 
for our less perfect forms of prayer1   
and therefore fittest to  sum up and    
conclude all our imperfect petitions4   
,he instructed them also1 that as by the
 second ,commandment we are  required   
not to bow down to1 or worship an idol1 
or false god2 so1  by the contrary rule1
 we are to bow down and kneel1 or stand 
up and  worship the true ,god4 ,and he  
instructed them why the ,church required
  the congregation to stand up at the   
repetition of the ,creeds2 namely1      
because they thereby declare both their 
obedience to the ,church1 and  an assent
 to that faith into which they had been 
baptized4 ,and he  taught them1 that in 
that shorter ,creed or ,doxology1 so    
often repeated  daily1 they also stood  

up to testify their belief to be1 that  
the ,god  that they trusted in was one  
,god1 and three persons2 the ,father1   
the  ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost2 to whom
 they and the ,priest gave glory4 ,and  
because there had been heretics that had
 denied some of those three  persons to 
be ,god1 therefore the congregation     
stood up and honoured  him1 by          
confessing and saying1 ,it was so in the
 beginning1 is now so1  and shall ever  
be so world without end4 ,and all gave  
their assent to  this belief1 by        
standing up and saying1 ,amen4          
,sidenote3 ,commemorations    ,he       
instructed them also what benefit they  
had by the ,church's  appointing the    
celebration of holidays and the         
excellent use of them1  namely1 that    
they were set apart for particular      
commemorations of  particular mercies   
received from ,almighty ,god2 and--as   
,reverend ,mr4  ,hooker says--to be the 
landmarks to distinguish times2 for by  
them we  are taught to take notice how  

time passes by us1 and that we ought    
not to let the years pass without a     
celebration of praise for those  mercies
 which those days give us occasion to   
remember1 and therefore  they were to   
note that the year is appointed to begin
 the #beth day  of ,march2 a day in     
which we commemorate the ,angel's       
appearing to the  ,blessed ,virgin1 with
 the joyful tidings that she should     
conceive and  bear a son1 that should be
 the ,redeemer of mankind4 ,and she did 
so  forty weeks after this joyful       
salutation2 namely1 at our ,christmas3  
a day in which we commemorate his ,birth
 with joy and praise3 and  that eight   
days after this happy birth we celebrate
 his ,circumcision2  namely1 in that    
which we call ,new-year's day4 ,and     
that1 upon that day  which we call      
,twelfth-day1 we commemorate the        
manifestation of the  unsearchable      
riches of ,jesus to the ,gentiles3 and  
that that day we  also celebrate the    
memory of his goodness in sending a star

 to guide  the three ,wise ,men from the
 ,east to ,bethlehem1 that they might   
there  worship1 and present him with    
their oblations of gold1 frankincense1  
and myrrh4 ,and he--,mr4                
,herbert--instructed them1 that ,jesus  
was forty  days after his birth         
presented by his blessed ,mother in the 
,temple2  namely1 on that day which we  
call1 ,the ,purification of the ,blessed
  ,virgin1 ,saint ,mary4    ,sidenote3  
,other instructions    ,and he          
instructed them1 that by the ,lent-fast 
we imitate and  commemorate our         
,saviour's humiliation in fasting forty 
days2 and  that we ought to endeavour to
 be like him in purity3 and that on     
,good ,friday we commemorate and condole
 his ,crucifixion2 and at ,easter       
commemorate his glorious ,resurrection4 
,and he taught them1 that after  ,jesus 
had manifested himself to his ,disciples
 to be that ,christ that  was crucified1
 dead and buried2 and by his appearing  
and conversing  with his ,disciples for 

the space of forty days after his       
,resurrection1  he then1 and not till   
then1 ascended into ,heaven in the sight
 of those  ,disciples2 namely1 on that  
day which we call the ,ascension1 or    
,holy  ,thursday4 ,and that we then     
celebrate the performance of the promise
  which he made to his ,disciples at or 
before his ,ascension2 namely1  that    
though he left them1 yet he would send  
them the ,holy ,ghost to  be their      
,comforter2 and that he did so on that  
day which the ,church  calls            
,whitsunday4--,thus the ,church keeps an
 historical and circular  commemoration 
of times1 as they pass by us2 of such   
times as ought to  incline us to        
occasional praises1 for the particular  
blessings which  we do1 or might        
receive1 by those holy commemorations4  
,sidenote3 ,his own practice    ,he made
 them know also why the ,church hath    
appointed ,ember-weeks2 and  to know the
 reason why the ,commandments1 and the  
,epistles and ,gospels1  were to be read

 at the ,altar or ,communion ,table3 why
 the ,priest was to  pray the ,litany   
kneeling2 and why to pray some ,collects
 standing3 and  he gave them many other 
observations1 fit for his plain         
congregation1  but not fit for me now to
 mention2 for ,i must set limits to my  
pen1  and not make that a treatise1     
which ,i intended to be a much shorter  
account than ,i have made it3 but ,i    
have done1 when ,i have told the        
,reader1 that he was constant in        
catechising every ,sunday in the        
afternoon1 and that his catechising was 
after his ,second ,lesson1  and in the  
pulpit2 and that he never exceeded his  
half hour1 and was  always so happy as  
to have an obedient and a full          
congregation4    ,and to this ,i must   
add1 that if he were at any time too    
zealous in his  ,sermons1 it was in     
reproving the indecencies of the        
people's behaviour  in the time of      
divine service2 and of those ,ministers 
that huddle up  the ,church-prayers1    

without a visible reverence and         
affection2 namely1  such as seemed to   
say the ,lord's prayer1 or a ,collect in
 a breath4 ,but  for himself1 his custom
 was to stop betwixt every ,collect1 and
 give  the people time to consider what 
they had prayed1 and to force  their    
desires affectionately to ,god1 before  
he engaged them into new  petitions4    
,sidenote3 ,mr4 ,herbert's ,saint's-bell
    ,and by this account of his         
diligence to make his parishioners      
understand what they prayed1 and why    
they praised and adored their  ,creator1
 ,i hope ,i shall the more easily obtain
 the ,reader's belief  to the following 
account of ,mr4 ,herbert's own practice2
 which was to  appear constantly with   
his wife and three nieces--the daughters
 of  a deceased sister--and his whole   
family1 twice every day at  the         
,church-prayers in the ,chapel1 which   
does almost join to his                 
,parsonage-house4 ,and for the time of  
his appearing1 it was strictly at  the  

canonical hours of ten and four3 and    
then and there he lifted up  pure and   
charitable hands to ,god in the midst of
 the congregation4 ,and  he would joy to
 have spent that time in that place1    
where the honour  of his ,master ,jesus 
dwelleth2 and there1 by that inward     
devotion which  he testified constantly 
by an humble behaviour and visible      
adoration1  he1 like ,joshua1 brought   
not only his own household thus to serve
 the  ,lord2 but brought most of his    
parishioners1 and many gentlemen in the 
neighbourhood1 constantly to make a part
 of his congregation twice  a day3 and  
some of the meaner sort of his parish   
did so love and  reverence ,mr4         
,herbert1 that they would let their     
plough rest when ,mr4  ,herbert's       
,saint's-bell rung to prayers1 that they
 might also offer  their devotions to   
,god with him2 and would then return    
back to their  plough4 ,and his most    
holy life was such1 that it begot such  
reverence  to ,god1 and to him1 that    

they thought themselves the happier1    
when  they carried ,mr4 ,herbert's      
blessing back with them to their labour4
  ,thus powerful was his reason and     
example to persuade others to a         
practical piety and devotion4    ,and   
his constant public prayers did never   
make him to neglect his own  private    
devotions1 nor those prayers that he    
thought himself bound to  perform with  
his family1 which always were a set     
form1 and not long2  and he did always  
conclude them with a ,collect which the 
,church hath  appointed for the day or  
week4--,thus he made every day's        
sanctity a  step towards that kingdom1  
where impurity cannot enter4            
,sidenote3 ,music    ,his chiefest      
recreation was ,music1 in which heavenly
 art he was a  most excellent master1   
and did himself compose many ,divine    
,hymns and  ,anthems1 which he set and  
sung to his lute or viol3 and though he 
was  a lover of retiredness1 yet his    
love to ,music was such1 that he went   

usually twice every week1 on certain    
appointed days1 to the ,cathedral       
,church in ,salisbury2 and at his return
 would say1 ,that his time spent  in    
prayer1 and ,cathedral-music1 elevated  
his soul1 and was his ,heaven  upon     
earth4 ,but before his return thence to 
,bemerton1 he would  usually sing and   
play his part at an appointed private   
,music-meeting2  and1 to justify this   
practice1 he would often say1 ,religion 
does not  banish mirth1 but only        
moderates and sets rules to it4    ,and 
as his desire to enjoy his ,heaven upon 
earth drew him twice every  week to     
,salisbury1 so his walks thither were   
the occasion of many  happy accidents to
 others2 of which ,i will mention some  
few4    ,in one of his walks to         
,salisbury he overtook a gentleman1 that
 is  still living in that ,city2 and in 
their walk together1 ,mr4 ,herbert  took
 a fair occasion to talk with him1 and  
humbly begged to be  excused1 if he     
asked him some account of his faith2 and

 said1 ,i  do this the rather1 because  
though you are not of my parish1 yet ,i 
receive tythe from you by the hand of   
your tenant2 and1 ,sir1 ,i am the       
bolder to do it1 because ,i know there  
be some sermon-hearers that be  like    
those fishes1 that always live in salt  
water1 and yet are always  fresh4       
,after which expression1 ,mr4 ,herbert  
asked him some needful questions1  and  
having received his answer1 gave him    
such rules for the trial of  his        
sincerity1 and for a practical piety1   
and in so loving and meek  a manner1    
that the gentleman did so fall in love  
with him1 and his  discourse1 that he   
would often contrive to meet him in his 
walk to  ,salisbury1 or to attend him   
back to ,bemerton2 and still mentions   
the  name of ,mr4 ,george ,herbert with 
veneration1 and still praiseth ,god for 
the occasion of knowing him4            
,sidenote3 ,the cure for indifference   
,in another of his ,salisbury walks1 he 
met with a neighbour ,minister2  and    

after some friendly discourse betwixt   
them1 and some condolement  for the     
decay of piety1 and too general contempt
 of the ,clergy1 ,mr4  ,herbert took    
occasion to say1    ,one cure for these 
distempers would be1 for the ,clergy    
themselves to  keep the ,ember-weeks    
strictly1 and beg of their parishioners 
to join  with them in fasting and       
prayers for a more religious ,clergy4   
,and another cure would be1 for         
themselves to restore the great and     
neglected duty of ,catechising1 on which
 the ,salvation of so many of  the poor 
and ignorant lay-people does depend2 but
 principally1 that  the ,clergy         
themselves would be sure to live        
unblameably2 and that  the dignified    
,clergy especially which preach         
temperance1 would avoid  surfeiting and 
take all occasions to express a visible 
humility and  charity in their lives2   
for this would force a love and an      
imitation1  and an unfeigned reverence  
from all that knew them to be such4     

7,and  for proof of this1 we need no    
other testimony than the life and death 
of ,dr4 ,lake1#bd late ,lord ,bishop of 
,bath and ,wells47 ,this1 said ,mr4     
,herbert1 would be a cure for the       
wickedness and growing ,atheism of  our 
age4 ,and1 my dear brother1 till this be
 done by us1 and done in  earnest1 let  
no man expect a reformation of the      
manners of the ,laity2  for 'tis not    
learning1 but this1 this only that must 
do it2 and1 till  then1 the fault must  
lie at our doors4    ,sidenote3 ,the    
,good ,samaritan    ,in another walk to 
,salisbury1 he saw a poor man with a    
poorer horse1  that was fallen under his
 load3 they were both in distress1 and  
needed  present help2 which ,mr4        
,herbert perceiving1 put off his        
canonical  coat1 and helped the poor man
 to unload1 and after to load1 his      
horse4  ,the poor man blessed him for   
it1 and he blessed the poor man2 and was
  so like the ,good ,samaritan1 that he 
gave him money to refresh both  himself 

and his horse2 and told him1 ,that if he
 loved himself he  should be merciful to
 his beast4 ,thus he left the poor man3 
and at  his coming to his musical       
friends at ,salisbury1 they began to    
wonder  that ,mr4 ,george ,herbert1     
which used to be so trim and clean1 came
 into  that company so soiled and       
discomposed3 but he told them the       
occasion4  ,and when one of the company 
told him ,he had disparaged himself by  
so  dirty an employment1 his answer was1
 ,that the thought of what he had  done 
would prove music to him at midnight2   
and that the omission of it  would have 
upbraided and made discord in his       
conscience1 whensoever he  should pass  
by that place3 for if ,i be bound to    
pray for all that be  in distress1 ,i am
 sure that ,i am bound1 so far as it is 
in my power1  to practice what ,i pray  
for4 ,and though ,i do not wish for the 
like  occasion every day1 yet let me    
tell you1 ,i would not willingly pass   
one day of my life without comforting a 

sad soul1 or shewing  mercy2 and ,i     
praise ,god for this occasion4 ,and now 
let's tune our  instruments4    ,thus1  
as our blessed ,saviour1 after his      
,resurrection1 did take  occasion to    
interpret the ,scripture to ,cleopas1   
and that other  ,disciple1 which he met 
with and accompanied in their journey to
  ,emmaus2 so ,mr4 ,herbert1 in his path
 toward ,heaven1 did daily take any     
fair occasion to instruct the ignorant1 
or comfort any that were in  affliction2
 and did always confirm his precepts1 by
 shewing humility  and mercy1 and       
ministering grace to the hearers4       
,sidenote3 ,mrs4 ,herbert    ,sidenote3 
,his charity    ,and he was most happy  
in his wife's unforced compliance with  
his acts  of ,charity1 whom he made his 
almoner1 and paid constantly into her   
hand1 a tenth penny of what money he    
received for tythe1 and gave her  power 
to dispose that to the poor of his      
parish1 and with it a power  to dispose 
a tenth part of the corn that came      

yearly into his barn3  which trust she  
did most faithfully perform1 and would  
often offer to  him an account of her   
stewardship1 and as often beg an        
enlargement of  his bounty2 for she     
rejoiced in the employment3 and this was
 usually  laid out by her in blankets   
and shoes for some such poor people as  
she  knew to stand in most need of them4
 ,this as to her charity4--,and for  his
 own1 he set no limits to it3 nor did   
ever turn his face from  any that he saw
 in want1 but would relieve them2       
especially his poor  neighbours2 to the 
meanest of whose houses he would go1 and
 inform  himself of their wants1 and    
relieve them cheerfully1 if they were in
  distress2 and would always praise     
,god1 as much for being willing1 as  for
 being able to do it4 ,and when he was  
advised by a friend to be  more frugal1 
because he might have children1 his     
answer was1 ,he would  not see the      
danger of want so far off3 but being the
 ,scripture does  so commend ,charity1  

as to tell us that ,charity is the top  
of ,christian  virtues1 the covering of 
sins1 the fulfilling of the ,law1 the   
,life of  ,faith2 and that ,charity hath
 a promise of the blessings of this     
life1  and of a reward in that life     
which is to come3 being these1 and more 
excellent things are in ,scripture      
spoken of thee1 ,o ,charity6 and that1  
being all my tythes and ,church-dues are
 a deodate from thee1 ,o my ,god6  make 
me1 ,o my ,god6 so far to trust thy     
promise1 as to return them back  to     
thee2 and by thy grace ,i will do so1 in
 distributing them to any  of thy poor  
members that are in distress1 or do but 
bear the image  of ,jesus my ,master4   
,sir1 said he to his friend1 my wife    
hath a  competent maintenance secured   
after my death2 and therefore1 as  this 
is my prayer1 so this my resolution     
shall1 by ,god's grace1 be  unalterable4
    ,sidenote3 ,his illness    ,this may
 be some account of the excellencies of 
the active part of his  life2 and thus  

he continued1 till a consumption so     
weakened him1 as to  confine him to his 
house1 or to the ,chapel1 which does    
almost join to  it2 in which he         
continued to read prayers constantly    
twice every day1  though he were very   
weak3 in one of which times of his      
reading1 his  wife observed him to read 
in pain1 and told him so1 and that it   
wasted  his spirits1 and weakened him2  
and he confessed it did1 but said1 his  
life could not be better spent1 than in 
the service of his ,master  ,jesus1 who 
had done and suffered so much for him4  
,but1 said he1 ,i  will not be wilful2  
for though my spirit be willing1 yet ,i 
find my  flesh is weak2 and therefore   
,mr4 ,bostock shall be appointed to read
  prayers for me to-morrow2 and ,i will 
now be only a hearer of them1  till this
 mortal shall put on immortality4 ,and  
,mr4 ,bostock did  the next day         
undertake and continue this happy       
employment1 till ,mr4  ,herbert's death4
 ,this ,mr4 ,bostock was a learned and  

virtuous man1  an old friend of ,mr4    
,herbert's1 and then his ,curate to the 
,church of  ,fulston1 which is a mile   
from ,bemerton1 to which ,church        
,bemerton is  but a ,chapel of ,ease4   
,and this ,mr4 ,bostock did also        
constantly  supply the ,church-service  
for ,mr4 ,herbert in that ,chapel1 when 
the  ,music-meeting at ,salisbury caused
 his absence from it4    ,sidenote3 ,mr4
 ,edward ,duncon    ,about one month    
before his death1 his friend ,mr4       
,farrer1--for an  account of whom ,i am 
by promise indebted to the ,reader1 and 
intend to  make him sudden              
payment1--hearing of ,mr4 ,herbert's    
sickness1 sent  ,mr4 ,edmund            
,duncon--who is now ,rector of ,friar   
,barnet in the ,county of               
,middlesex--from his house of ,gidden   
,hall1 which is near to ,huntingdon1  to
 see ,mr4 ,herbert1 and to assure him1  
he wanted not his daily prayers  for his
 recovery2 and ,mr4 ,duncon was to      
return back to ,gidden1 with an  account

 of ,mr4 ,herbert's condition4 ,mr4     
,duncon found him weak1 and  at that    
time lying on his bed1 or on a pallet2  
but at his seeing  ,mr4 ,duncon he      
raised himself vigorously1 saluted him1 
and with some  earnestness enquired the 
health of his brother ,farrer2 of which 
,mr4  ,duncon satisfied him1 and after  
some discourse of ,mr4 ,farrer's holy   
life1 and the manner of his constant    
serving ,god1 he said to ,mr4           
,duncon1--,sir1 ,i see by your habit    
that you are a ,priest1 and ,i desire   
you to pray with me3 which being        
granted1 ,mr4 ,duncon asked him1 ,what  
prayers8 ,to which ,mr4 ,herbert's      
answer was1 ,o1 ,sir6 the prayers of  my
 ,mother1 the ,church of ,england3 no   
other prayers are equal to them6  ,but  
at this time1 ,i beg of you to pray only
 the ,litany1 for ,i am  weak and faint3
 and ,mr4 ,duncon did so4 ,after which1 
and some other  discourse of ,mr4       
,farrer1 ,mrs4 ,herbert provided ,mr4   
,duncon a plain  supper1 and a clean    

lodging1 and he betook himself to rest4 
,this ,mr4  ,duncon tells me2 and tells 
me1 that1 at his first view of ,mr4     
,herbert1  he saw majesty and humility  
so reconciled in his looks and          
behaviour1  as begot in him an awful    
reverence for his person2 and says1 his 
discourse was so pious1 and his motion  
so genteel and meek1 that after  almost 
forty years1 yet they remain still fresh
 in his memory4    ,the next morning    
,mr4 ,duncon left him1 and betook       
himself to a journey  to ,bath1 but with
 a promise to return back to him within 
five days2  and he did so3 but before ,i
 shall say any thing of what discourse  
then  fell betwixt them two1 ,i will pay
 my promised account of ,mr4 ,farrer4   
,sidenote3 ,mr4 ,nicholas ,ferrer       
,sidenote3 ,little ,gidden    ,mr4      
,nicholas ,farrer--who got the          
reputation of being called ,saint       
,nicholas at the age of six years--was  
born in ,london1 and doubtless  had good
 education in his youth2 but certainly  

was1 at an early age1  made ,fellow of  
,clare-,hall in ,cambridge2 where he    
continued to  be eminent for his piety1 
temperance1 and learning4 ,about the    
twenty-sixth year of his age1 he betook 
himself to travel3 in which  he added1  
to his ,latin and ,greek1 a perfect     
knowledge of all the  languages spoken  
in the ,western parts of our ,christian 
world2 and  understood well the         
principles of their ,religion1 and of   
their manner1  and the reasons of their 
worship4 ,in this his travel he met with
 many  persuasions to come into a       
communion with that church which calls  
itself ,catholic3 but he returned from  
his travels as he went1 eminent  for his
 obedience to his mother1 the ,church of
 ,england4 ,in his absence  from        
,england1 ,mr4 ,farrer's father--who was
 a merchant--allowed him a  liberal     
maintenance2 and1 not long after his    
return into ,england1 ,mr4  ,farrer had1
 by the death of his father1 or an elder
 brother1 or both1  an estate left him1 

that enabled him to purchase land to the
 value of  four or five hundred pounds a
 year2 the greatest part of which land  
was at ,little ,gidden1 four or six     
miles from ,huntingdon1 and about       
eighteen from ,cambridge2 which place he
 chose for the privacy of it1  and for  
the ,hall1 which had the ,parish-,church
 or ,chapel1 belonging  and adjoining   
near to it2 for ,mr4 ,farrer1 having    
seen the manners and  vanities of the   
world1 and found them to be1 as ,mr4    
,herbert says1 a  nothing between two   
dishes1 did so contemn it1 that he      
resolved to  spend the remainder of his 
life in mortifications1 and in devotion1
  and charity1 and to be always prepared
 for death4 ,and his life was  spent    
thus3    ,sidenote3 ,life there    ,he  
and his family1 which were like a little
 ,college1 and about thirty  in number1 
did most of them keep ,lent and all     
,ember-weeks strictly1  both in fasting 
and using all those mortifications and  
prayers that  the ,church hath appointed

 to be then used2 and he and they did   
the  like constantly on ,fridays1 and on
 the ,vigils or ,eves appointed to  be  
fasted before the ,saints' days3 and    
this frugality and abstinence  turned to
 the relief of the poor3 but this was   
but a part of his  charity2 none but    
,god and he knew the rest4    ,sidenote3
 ,the daily round    ,this family1 which
 ,i have said to be in number about     
thirty1 were a  part of them his        
kindred1 and the rest chosen to be of a 
temper fit  to be moulded into a devout 
life2 and all of them were for their    
dispositions serviceable1 and quiet1 and
 humble1 and free from  scandal4 ,having
 thus fitted himself for his family1 he 
did1 about the  year #afcj1 betake      
himself to a constant and methodical    
service of ,god2  and it was in this    
manner3--,he1 being accompanied with    
most of his  family1 did himself use to 
read the common prayers--for he was a   
,deacon--every day1 at the appointed    
hours of ten and four1 in the           

,parish-,church1 which was very near his
 house1 and which he had both  repaired 
and adorned2 for it was fallen into a   
great ruin1 by reason  of a depopulation
 of the village before ,mr4 ,farrer     
bought the manor4  ,and he did also     
constantly read the ,matins every       
morning at the hour  of six1 either in  
the ,church1 or in an ,oratory1 which   
was within his  own house4 ,and many of 
the family did there continue with him  
after  the prayers were ended1 and there
 they spent some hours in singing       
,hymns1 or ,anthems1 sometimes in the   
,church1 and often to an organ in  the  
,oratory4 ,and there they sometimes     
betook themselves to meditate1  or to   
pray privately1 or to read a part of the
 ,new ,testament to  themselves1 or to  
continue their praying or reading the   
,psalms2 and in  case the ,psalms were  
not always read in the day1 then ,mr4   
,farrer1  and others of the             
congregation1 did at night1 at the      
ringing of  a watch-bell1 repair to the 

,church or ,oratory1 and there betake   
themselves to prayers and lauding ,god1 
and reading the ,psalms that  had not   
been read in the day3 and when these1 or
 any part of the  congregation1 grew    
weary or faint1 the watch-bell was rung1
 sometimes  before1 and sometimes after 
midnight2 and then another part of the  
family rose1 and maintained the watch1  
sometimes by praying1 or  singing lauds 
to ,god1 or reading the ,psalms2 and    
when1 after some  hours1 they also grew 
weary or faint1 then they rung the      
watch-bell  and were also relieved by   
some of the former1 or by a new part of 
the society1 which continued their      
devotions--as hath been                 
mentioned--until morning4 ,and it is to 
be noted1 that in this  continued       
serving of ,god1 the ,psalter or the    
whole ,book of ,psalms1 was  in every   
four and twenty hours sung or read over1
 from the first to  the last verse3 and 
this was done as constantly as the sun  
runs his  circle every day about the    

world1 and then begins again the same   
instant that it ended4    ,sidenote3    
,mr4 ,farrer's ,death    ,thus did ,mr4 
,farrer and his happy family serve ,god 
day and night2 thus  did they always    
behave themselves as in his presence4   
,and they did  always eat and drink by  
the strictest rules of temperance2 eat  
and  drink so as to be ready to rise at 
midnight1 or at the call of a           
watch-bell1 and perform their devotions 
to ,god4 ,and it is fit to  tell the    
,reader1 that many of the ,clergy1 that 
were more inclined  to practical piety  
and devotion1 than to doubtful and      
needless  disputations1 did often come  
to ,gidden ,hall1 and make themselves a 
part of that happy society1 and stay a  
week or more1 and then join  with ,mr4  
,farrer and the family in these         
devotions1 and assist and ease  him or  
them in their watch by night4 ,and these
 various devotions had  never less than 
two of the domestic family in the night2
 and the  watch was always kept in the  

,church or ,oratory1 unless in extreme  
cold  winter nights1 and then it was    
maintained in a parlour1 which had  a   
fire in it2 and the parlour was fitted  
for that purpose4 ,and this  course of  
piety1 and great liberality to his poor 
neighbours1 ,mr4  ,farrer maintained    
till his death1 which was in the year   
#afci4bd    ,sidenote3 ,valdesso's      
,considerations    ,mr4 ,farrer's and   
,mr4 ,herbert's devout lives were both  
so noted1 that  the general report of   
their sanctity gave them occasion to    
renew that  slight acquaintance which   
was begun at their being contemporaries 
in  ,cambridge2 and this new holy       
friendship was long maintained without  
any interview1 but only by loving and   
endearing letters4 ,and one  testimony  
of their friendship and pious designs1  
may appear by ,mr4  ,farrer's commending
 the ,considerations of ,john           
,valdesso--a book  which he had met with
 in his travels1 and translated out of  
,spanish  into ,english1--to be examined

 and censured by ,mr4 ,herbert before it
  was made public3 which excellent book 
,mr4 ,herbert did read1 and return  back
 with many marginal notes1 as they be   
now printed with it2 and  with them1    
,mr4 ,herbert's affectionate letter to  
,mr4 ,farrer4    ,sidenote3 ,valdesso   
himself    ,this ,john ,valdesso was a  
,spaniard1 and was for his learning and 
virtue  much valued and loved by the    
great ,emperor ,charles the ,fifth1 whom
  ,valdesso had followed as a ,cavalier 
all the time of his long and  dangerous 
wars3 and when ,valdesso grew old1 and  
grew weary both of war  and the world1  
he took his fair opportunity to declare 
to the ,emperor1  that his resolution   
was to decline his ,majesty's service1  
and betake  himself to a quiet and      
contemplative life1 because there ought 
to  be a vacancy of time betwixt        
fighting and dying4 ,the ,emperor  had  
himself1 for the same1 or other like    
reasons1 put on the same  resolution3   
but ,god and himself did1 till then1    

only know them2 and  he did therefore   
desire ,valdesso to consider well of    
what he had said1  and to keep his      
purpose within his own breast1 till they
 two might  have a second opportunity of
 a friendly discourse2 which ,valdesso  
promised to do4    ,in the mean time the
 ,emperor appoints privately a day for  
him and  ,valdesso to meet again2 and1  
after a pious and free discourse1  they 
both agreed on a certain day to receive 
the blessed ,sacrament  publicly2 and   
appointed an eloquent and devout ,friar 
to preach a  ,sermon of contempt of the 
world1 and of the happiness and benefit 
of a  quiet and contemplative life2     
which the ,friar did most               
affectionately4  ,after which ,sermon1  
the ,emperor took occasion to declare   
openly1 ,that  the ,preacher had begot  
in him a resolution to lay down his     
dignities1  and to forsake the world1   
and betake himself to a monastical life4
  ,and he pretended1 he had persuaded   
,john ,valdesso to do the like3 but     

this is most certain1 that after the    
,emperor had called his son ,philip  out
 of ,england1 and resigned to him all   
his kingdoms1 that then the  ,emperor   
and ,john ,valdesso did perform their   
resolutions4    ,this account of ,john  
,valdesso ,i received from a friend1    
that had it  from the mouth of ,mr4     
,farrer4 ,and the ,reader may note1 that
 in this  retirement ,john ,valdesso    
writ his ,hundred and ,ten              
,considerations1  and many other        
treatises of worth1 which want a second 
,mr4 ,farrer to  procure and translate  
them4#be    ,sidenote3 ,failing strength
    ,sidenote3 ,the ,temple    ,after   
this account of ,mr4 ,farrer and ,john  
,valdesso1 ,i proceed to my  account of 
,mr4 ,herbert and ,mr4 ,duncon1 who     
according to his promise  returned from 
,bath the fifth day1 and then found ,mr4
 ,herbert much  weaker than he left him2
 and therefore their discourse could not
 be  long3 but at ,mr4 ,duncon's parting
 with him1 ,mr4 ,herbert spoke to this  

purpose3 ,sir1 ,i pray you give my      
brother ,farrer an account of the       
decaying condition of my body1 and tell 
him ,i beg him to continue his  daily   
prayers for me2 and let him know that ,i
 have considered1 that  ,god only is    
what he would be2 and that ,i am1 by his
 grace1 become now  so like him1 as to  
be pleased with what pleaseth him2 and  
tell him1  that ,i do not repine1 but am
 pleased with my want of health3 and    
tell  him1 my heart is fixed on that    
place where true joy is only to be      
found2 and that ,i long to be there1 and
 do wait for my appointed  change with  
hope and patience4 ,having said this1 he
 did1 with so  sweet a humility as      
seemed to exalt him1 bow down to ,mr4   
,duncon1 and  with a thoughtful and     
contented look1 say to him1 ,sir1 ,i    
pray deliver  this little book to my    
dear brother ,farrer1 and tell him1 he  
shall  find in it a picture of the many 
spiritual conflicts that have passed    
betwixt ,god and my soul1 before ,i     

could subject mine to the will of       
,jesus my ,master3 in whose service ,i  
have now found perfect freedom4  ,desire
 him to read it2 and then1 if he can    
think it may turn to the  advantage of  
any dejected poor soul1 let it be made  
public2 if  not1 let him burn it2 for ,i
 and it are less than the least of      
,god's  mercies4 ,thus meanly did this  
humble man think of this excellent      
book1 which now bears the name of ,the  
,temple2 or1 ,sacred ,poems and         
,private ,ejaculations2 of which ,mr4   
,farrer would say1 ,there was in  it the
 picture of a divine soul in every page3
 and that the whole book  was such a    
harmony of holy passions1 as would      
enrich the world with  pleasure and     
piety4 ,and it appears to have done so2 
for there  have been more than twenty   
thousand of them sold since the first   
impression4    ,sidenote3 ,its          
publication    ,and this ought to be    
noted1 that when ,mr4 ,farrer sent this 
book to  ,cambridge to be licensed for  

the press1 the ,vice-,chancellor would  
by  no means allow the two so much noted
 verses1      ,ready to pass to the     
,american strand1    to be printed2 and 
,mr4 ,farrer would by no means allow the
 book to be  printed and want them4 ,but
 after some time1 and some arguments for
 and  against their being made public1  
the ,vice-,chancellor said1 ,i knew ,mr4
  ,herbert well1 and know that he had   
many heavenly speculations1 and  was a  
divine poet3 but ,i hope the world will 
not take him to be an  inspired prophet1
 and therefore ,i license the whole     
book4 ,so that it  came to be printed   
without the diminution or addition of a 
syllable1  since it was delivered into  
the hands of ,mr4 ,duncon1 save only    
that  ,mr4 ,farrer hath added that      
excellent ,preface that is printed      
before  it4    ,sidenote3 ,retrospect   
,sidenote3 ,waiting for death    ,at the
 time of ,mr4 ,duncon's leaving ,mr4    
,herbert1--which was about  three weeks 
before his death1--his old and dear     

friend ,mr4 ,woodnot  came from ,london 
to ,bemerton1 and never left him till he
 had seen him  draw his last breath1 and
 closed his eyes on his death-bed4 ,in  
this  time of his decay1 he was often   
visited and prayed for by all the       
,clergy that lived near to him1         
especially by his friends the ,bishop   
and ,prebends of the ,cathedral ,church 
in ,salisbury2 but by none  more        
devoutly than his wife1 his three       
nieces1--then a part of his             
family1--and ,mr4 ,woodnot1 who were the
 sad witnesses of his daily  decay2 to  
whom he would often speak to this       
purpose3 ,i now look back  upon the     
pleasures of my life past1 and see the  
content ,i have taken  in beauty1 in    
wit1 in music1 and pleasant             
conversation1 are now all  past by me   
like a dream1 or as a shadow that       
returns not1 and are now  all become    
dead to me1 or ,i to them2 and ,i see1  
that as my father and  generation hath  
done before me1 so ,i also shall now    

suddenly 7with  ,job7 make my bed also  
in the dark2 and ,i praise ,god ,i am   
prepared for  it2 and ,i praise him that
 ,i am not to learn patience now ,i     
stand  in such need of it2 and that ,i  
have practised mortification1 and       
endeavoured to die daily1 that ,i might 
not die eternally2 and my hope  is1 that
 ,i shall shortly leave this valley of  
tears1 and be free from  all fevers and 
pain2 and1 which will be a more happy   
condition1 ,i  shall be free from sin1  
and all the temptations and anxieties   
that  attend it3 and this being past1 ,i
 shall dwell in the ,new ,jerusalem2    
dwell there with men made perfect2 dwell
 where these eyes shall see my  ,master 
and ,saviour ,jesus2 and with him see my
 dear ,mother1 and all  my relations and
 friends4 ,but ,i must die1 or not come 
to that happy  place4 ,and this is my   
content1 that ,i am going daily towards 
it3 and  that every day which ,i have   
lived1 hath taken a part of my appointed
  time from me2 and that ,i shall live  

the less time1 for having lived  this   
and the day past1 ,these1 and the like  
expressions1 which he  uttered often1   
may be said to be his enjoyment of      
,heaven before he  enjoyed it4 ,the     
,sunday before his death1 he rose       
suddenly from his bed  or couch1 called 
for one of his instruments1 took it into
 his hand and  said1      ,my ,god1 my  
,god1    ,my music shall find thee1     
,and every string    ,shall have his    
attribute to sing4    ,and having tuned 
it1 he played and sung3        ,the     
,sundays of man's life1    ,threaded    
together on time's string1    ,make     
bracelets to adorn the wife    ,of the  
eternal glorious ,king3    ,on ,sundays 
,heaven's doors stand ope2    ,blessings
 are plentiful and rife1      ,more     
plentiful than hope4    ,thus he sung on
 earth such ,hymns and ,anthems1 as the 
,angels1 and he1  and ,mr4 ,farrer1 now 
sing in ,heaven4    ,sidenote3 ,his     
,will    ,sidenote3 ,last words    ,thus
 he continued meditating1 and praying1  

and rejoicing1 till the day  of his     
death2 and on that day said to ,mr4     
,woodnot1 ,my dear friend1  ,i am sorry 
,i have nothing to present to my        
merciful ,god but sin and  misery2 but  
the first is pardoned1 and a few hours  
will now put a  period to the latter2   
for ,i shall suddenly go hence1 and be  
no more  seen4 ,upon which expression   
,mr4 ,woodnot took occasion to remember 
him  of the re-edifying ,layton ,church1
 and his many acts of mercy4 ,to which  
he made answer1 saying1 ,they be good   
works1 if they be sprinkled  with the   
blood of ,christ1 and not otherwise4    
,after this discourse he  became more   
restless1 and his soul seemed to be     
weary of her earthly  tabernacle2 and   
this uneasiness became so visible1 that 
his wife1  his three nieces1 and ,mr4   
,woodnot1 stood constantly about his    
bed1  beholding him with sorrow1 and an 
unwillingness to lose the sight of  him1
 whom they could not hope to see much   
longer4 ,as they stood thus  beholding  

him1 his wife observed him to breathe   
faintly1 and with  much trouble1 and    
observed him to fall into a sudden      
agony2 which so  surprised her1 that she
 fell into a sudden passion1 and        
required of  him to know how he did4 ,to
 which his answer was1 that he had      
passed  a conflict with his last enemy1 
and had overcome him by the merits of   
his ,master ,jesus4 ,after which answer1
 he looked up1 and saw his wife  and    
nieces weeping to an extremity1 and     
charged them1 if they loved  him1 to    
withdraw into the next room1 and there  
pray every one alone  for him2 for      
nothing but their lamentations could    
make his death  uncomfortable4 ,to which
 request their sighs and tears would not
 suffer  them to make any reply2 but    
they yielded him a sad obedience1       
leaving  only with him ,mr4 ,woodnot and
 ,mr4 ,bostock4 ,immediately after they 
had  left him1 he said to ,mr4 ,bostock1
 ,pray1 ,sir1 open that door1 then  look
 into that cabinet1 in which you may    

easily find my last ,will1 and  give it 
into my hand3 which being done1 ,mr4    
,herbert delivered it into  the hand of 
,mr4 ,woodnot1 and said1 ,my old friend1
 ,i here deliver  you my last ,will1 in 
which you will find that ,i have made   
you my sole  ,executor for the good of  
my wife and nieces2 and ,i desire you to
 shew  kindness to them1 as they shall  
need it3 ,i do not desire you to be     
just2 for ,i know you will be so for    
your own sake2 but ,i charge you1  by   
the religion of our friendship1 to be   
careful of them4 ,and having  obtained  
,mr4 ,woodnot's promise to be so1 he    
said1 ,i am now ready  to die4 ,after   
which words1 he said1 ,lord1 forsake me 
not now my  strength faileth me3 but    
grant me mercy for the merits of my     
,jesus4  ,and now1 ,lord--,lord1 now    
receive my soul4 ,and with those words  
he  breathed forth his divine soul1     
without any apparent disturbance1 ,mr4  
,woodnot and ,mr4 ,bostock attending his
 last breath1 and closing his  eyes4    

,thus he lived1 and thus he died1 like a
 ,saint1 unspotted of the  world1 full  
of alms-deeds1 full of humility1 and all
 the examples of a  virtuous life2 which
 ,i cannot conclude better1 than with   
this borrowed  observation3             
----,all must to their cold graves3     
,but the religious actions of the just  
,smell sweet in death1 and blossom in   
the dust4#bf    ,mr4 ,george ,herbert's 
have done so to this1 and will doubtless
 do so to  succeeding generations4--,i  
have but this to say more of him2 that  
if  ,andrew ,melvin died before him1#bg 
then ,george ,herbert died without an   
enemy4#bh ,i wish--if ,god shall be so  
pleased--that ,i may be so happy  as to 
die like him4    ,,iz4 ,,wa4            
,sidenote3 ,mrs4 ,herbert    ,there is a
 debt justly due to the memory of ,mr4  
,herbert's virtuous  ,wife2 a part of   
which ,i will endeavour to pay1 by a    
very short account  of the remainder of 
her life1 which shall follow4    ,she   
continued his disconsolate widow about  

six years1 bemoaning  herself1 and      
complaining1 that she had lost the      
delight of her eyes2  but more that she 
had lost the spiritual guide for her    
poor soul2 and  would often say1 ,o that
 ,i had1 like holy ,mary1 the ,mother of
 ,jesus1  treasured up all his sayings  
in my heart6 ,but since ,i have not been
  able to do that1 ,i will labour to    
live like him1 that where he now is  ,i 
may be also4 ,and she would often       
say1--as the ,prophet ,david for his    
son ,absalom1--,o that ,i had died for  
him6 ,thus she continued mourning  till 
time and conversation had so moderated  
her sorrows1 that she  became the happy 
wife of ,sir ,robert ,cook1 of ,highnam1
 in the ,county  of ,gloucester1        
,knight4 ,and though he put a high value
 on the excellent  accomplishments of   
her mind and body1 and was so like ,mr4 
,herbert1 as  not to govern like a      
master1 but as an affectionate husband2 
yet  she would even to him often take   
occasion to mention the name of ,mr4    

,george ,herbert1 and say1 that name    
must live in her memory till she  put   
off mortality4 ,by ,sir ,robert she had 
only one child1 a daughter1  whose parts
 and plentiful estate make her happy in 
this world1 and her  well using of them 
gives a fair testimony that she will be 
so in that  which is to come4    ,mrs4  
,herbert was the wife of ,sir ,robert   
eight years1 and lived his  widow about 
fifteen2 all which time she took a      
pleasure in mentioning  and commending  
the excellencies of ,mr4 ,george        
,herbert4 ,she died in the  year #affc1 
and lies buried at ,highnam3 ,mr4       
,herbert in his own  ,church1 under the 
altar1 and covered with a gravestone    
without any  inscription4    ,sidenote3 
,lost relics    ,this ,lady ,cook had   
preserved many of ,mr4 ,herbert's       
private writings1  which she intended to
 make public2 but they and ,highnam     
,house were  burnt together by the late 
rebels1 and so lost to posterity4       
,i4,w4      ,footnote #a3 ,a fortress   

first erected by ,roger de ,montgomery1 
,earl of  ,shrewsbury1 under ,william   
,i41 to secure his conquests in ,wales1 
though  it was twice partly destroyed by
 the ,welsh4 ,it stands near the        
,severn1  on a gentle ascent1 having a  
fair prospect over the plain beneath4   
,the  order of ,parliament for its      
destruction was made ,june #aath1 #afdi4
    ,footnote #b3 ,that eloquent and    
acute biographer1 ,edmund ,lodge1 thus  
truly gives the character of ,lord      
,herbert of ,cherbury4 ,of that  anomaly
 of character by the abundance and      
variety of which foreigners  are pleased
 to tell us that our country is         
distinguished1 we meet with  few        
examples more striking than in the      
subject of this memoir--wise  and       
unsteady2 prudent and careless2 a       
philosopher1 with ungovernable  and     
ridiculous prejudices2 a good humoured  
man1 who even sought  occasions to shed 
the blood of his fellow creatures2 a    
deist1  with superstition too gross for 

the most secluded cloister4 ,these      
observations are not founded on the     
report of others1 but on the  fragment  
which remains of his own sketch of his  
life1--a piece of  infinite curiosity4  
,his autobiography has been edited by   
,horace  ,walpole and ,scott4 ,he is    
also the author of a volume of poems    
written  in the style of ,donne1        
frequently marred by harsh rhythm and   
violent  conceits1 but occasionally     
displaying artistic excellence of a very
  high order4    ,footnote #c3 ,it has  
been said of ,dr4 ,richard ,neale1 that 
no one  was more thoroughly acquainted  
with the distresses as well as the      
conveniences of the clergy1 having      
served the ,church as ,schoolmaster1    
,curate1 ,vicar1 ,rector1 ,master of the
 ,savoy1 ,dean of ,westminster1  ,clerk 
of the ,closet to ,james ,i4 and        
,charles ,i41 ,bishop of ,rochester1    
,lichfield1 ,durham1 ,winchester1 and   
,archbishop of ,york 7#afca74 ,he  died1
 says ,echard1 full of years as he was  

full of honours2 a  faithful subject to 
his prince1 an indulgent father to his  
clergy1  a bountiful patron to his      
chaplains1 and a true friend to all that
  relied upon him4    ,footnote #d3 ,he 
was made ,master of ,westminster ,school
 in #aeii1 and  continued so to #afaj4  
,footnote #e3 ,thomas ,nevil1 ,d4,d41   
eminent for the splendour of his  birth1
 his extraordinary piety and learning1  
was educated at ,pembroke  ,hall in the 
,university of ,cambridge4 ,in #aehb he 
was admitted ,master of  ,magdalen      
,college in the same ,university1 and in
 #aeic he succeeded ,dr4  ,john ,still  
in the ,mastership of ,trinity ,college1
 being then ,dean  of the ,cathedral    
,church of ,peterborough1 over which he 
presided  commendably eight years4 ,upon
 the demise of ,queen ,elizabeth1 ,dr4  
,nevil1 who had been promoted to the    
,deanery of ,canterbury in #aeig1 was   
sent by ,archbishop ,whitgift to ,king  
,james in ,scotland1 in the names of    
the ,bishops and ,clergy of ,england1 to

 tender their bounden duties1 and  to   
understand his ,highness's pleasure for 
the ordering and guiding of  the        
,clergy4 ,the ,dean brought a most      
gracious answer of his ,highness's      
purpose1 which was to uphold and        
maintain the government of the late     
,queen1 as she left it settled4         
,footnote #f3 ,born on #bhth ,june1     
#aegc2 created ,baron ,danvers in #afjc1
  and ,earl of ,danby #gth ,february1   
#afbe-f2 died on #ajth ,january1        
#afdc-d4    ,footnote #g3 ,this         
gentleman was born in ,suffolk1 in      
#aefc1 and was  descended from a very   
ancient family in that ,county4 ,he was 
educated  at ,trinity ,college1         
,cambridge1 and on ,january #hth1       
#afag-ah1 was made  ,secretary of       
,state3 ,king ,james ,i4 having been    
previously so well  pleased with his    
eloquence and learning as to appoint him
 ,master  of the ,court of ,wards4 ,sir 
,robert ,naunton was the ,author of the 
interesting ,fragmenta ,regalia1 or     

,observations on ,queen ,elizabeth and  
her ,favourites4 ,he died on ,good      
,friday1 #afcc-cd4    ,footnote #h3 ,sir
 ,francis ,nethersole was a native of   
,kent1 ,ambassador  to the ,princes of  
the ,union1 and ,secretary to the ,queen
 of ,bohemia1  and was equally          
remarkable for his doings and sufferings
 in her  behalf4    ,footnote #i3 ,this 
royal work is divided into three books2 
the first on  ,a ,christian ,king's duty
 towards ,god4 ,the second on ,a ,king's
 duty in  his office4 ,the third on ,a  
,king's behaviour in things indifferent4
    ,footnote #aj3 ,andrew ,melville    
procured the ,basilicon ,doron in       
,manuscript1 and circulated it in       
,scotland1 which produced a libel       
against it and first caused its         
publication in #aeii4 ,this celebrated  
person was born in #aede1 and was       
educated at the ,university of ,st4     
,andrews1 which he left with an eminent 
character for learning1 and  travelled  
through ,france to ,geneva4 ,he was     

elected principal ,master  of ,glasgow  
,college in #aegd1 when he began to     
enforce the ,presbyterian  ,system2 and 
after much opposition1 and two years'   
imprisonment1 he  died ,professor of    
,divinity to the ,protestants of ,sedan1
 in #afbb4    ,footnote #aa3 ,andrew    
,melville was not present at the        
celebrated  conference held at          
,hampton-,court1 in the first year of   
,king ,james  ,i41 upon the complaint of
 the ,puritans against the ceremonies   
and the  liturgy of the ,church of      
,england4 ,he was summoned to appear    
before the  ,king and ,council in #afjd4
 ,in the first edition of ,mr4 ,walton's
 ,life  of ,mr4 ,george ,herbert1       
,melville is described to be ,master of 
a great  wit2 a wit full of knots and   
clenches2 a wit sharp and satirical2    
exceeded1 ,i think1 by none of that     
nation1 but their ,buchanan4            
,footnote #ab3 ,daughter of ,charles    
,stuart1 ,earl of ,lenox1 the younger   
brother of ,henry1 ,earl of ,darnley1   

father of ,king ,james ,i4 ,she was     
born at ,hampstead in #aegg1 and        
received a very liberal education2      
added to which1 she possessed a large   
estate1 and1 the ,english  succession   
being doubtful1 she was supposed to be a
 probable heir  to the crown4 ,she      
incurred the displeasure of ,james1 by  
marrying ,mr4  ,william ,seymour1       
grandson of the ,earl of ,hertford1 for 
which she was  sent to the ,tower2 and  
although she had made her escape thence1
 she  was overtaken1 brought back1 and  
died there in #afae4    ,footnote #ac3  
,james ,duport1 the learned son of a    
learned father1 ,john  ,duport1 ,master 
of ,jesus ,college1 ,cambridge1 was     
,greek ,professor in  that ,university4 
,on the promotion of ,dr4 ,edward       
,rainbow to the ,see  of ,carlisle1 he  
was appointed ,dean of ,peterborough1   
and in #affh was  elected ,master of    
,magdalen ,college1 ,cambridge4         
,footnote #ad3 ,in the margin of the    
#afgj edition is written ,albumazar1    

,ignoramus4 ,the author of ,albumazar1 a
 piece presented before the  ,king at   
,cambridge in #afad1 and printed in the 
same year1 was ,john  ,tomkis4          
,ignoramus1 a ,latin comedy by ,james   
,ruggle 7or ,ruggles71 was  first       
printed in #afcj4    ,footnote #ae3 ,dr4
 ,richard ,parry1 who died ,september   
#bf1 #afbc4 ,the  sinecure here         
mentioned was the rectory of ,whitford4 
,footnote #af3 ,mr4 ,herbert ,thorndike 
was then ,fellow of ,trinity  ,college4 
,he was ejected from his ,fellowship by 
the usurped powers1 and  admitted to the
 ,rectory of ,barley in ,hertfordshire1 
,july #b1 #afdb4  ,on the death of ,dr4 
,samuel ,ward1 he was elected to the    
,mastership of  ,sidney ,college1 but   
was kept out of it by the oppression of 
the times4  ,for his sufferings and     
great learning he was installed         
,prebendary  of ,westminster1 ,sept4 #e1
 #affj4 ,in the year following he       
resigned his  living of ,barley1 and    
died in #afgb4 ,he assisted ,dr4 ,walton

 in the  edition of the ,polyglot       
,bible4    ,footnote #ag3 ,dr4 ,john    
,williams1 afterwards ,archbishop of    
,york1 was  then ,bishop of ,lincoln1   
the last ecclesiastic who was ,lord     
,keeper of  the ,great ,seal4           
,footnote #ah3 ,see ,prof4 ,mayor's     
,nicholas ,farrer3 ,two ,lives by his   
brother ,john and ,dr4 ,jebb4           
7,cambridge1 #ahee47    ,footnote #ai3  
,a native of ,scotland1 educated at     
,westminster ,school  and ,trinity      
,college1 ,cambridge1 afterwards ,greek 
,professor of the  ,university4 ,during 
the ,civil ,wars1 he suffered extremely 
for the ,royal  ,cause1 and was an exile
 with ,charles ,,ii41 who gave him the  
,deanery of  ,wells on the ,restoration1
 and in #afgj1 he was made ,bishop of   
,bath and  ,wells4 ,he died in #afgb4   
,footnote #bj3 ,he was1 in #afji1 ,lady 
,margaret's ,professor of ,divinity  at 
,cambridge1 and in #afaa1 ,bishop of    
,salisbury4 ,he was appointed by  ,james
 ,i4 to attend the ,synod of ,dort1 and 

his endeavours to effect an  union      
between the reformed ,churches were     
zealous and sincere4 ,he died  in #afda4
    ,footnote #ba3 ,the ,house and      
grounds of this ,rectory were in the    
same  state as in the time of ,herbert1 
when the late ,archdeacon ,coxe was     
presented to the living2 the principal  
part of the former was single1  with    
small windows1 and the river ,neder     
flowed at the bottom of the  garden4    
,bemerton is two miles west by north of 
,salisbury1 and the  ,church is         
dedicated to ,st4 ,andrew4    ,footnote 
#bb3 ,at the time ,dr4 ,henchman was    
,prebendary of ,salisbury1  of which    
,see he became ,bishop in #affj1 and in 
#affc he was removed to  ,london4 ,he   
was much esteemed by ,king ,charles     
,,ii41 whose escape at the  battle of   
,worcester1 he was very instrumental in 
promoting3 but when  the declaration for
 liberty of conscience was published in 
#afga-gb1  this ,prelate was not afraid 
of the ,king's displeasure1 but enjoined

  his ,clergy to preach against ,popery4
 ,he died in #afge4    ,footnote #bc3 ,a
 private ,clergyman1 of ,clare ,hall1   
,cambridge1 who  suffered much for his  
gallant devotion to the cause of his    
,king1  ,charles ,i4    ,footnote #bd3  
,the extraordinary course of life       
pursued at ,gidding1 the  strictness of 
their rules1 their prayers1 literally   
without ceasing1  their abstinence1     
mortifications1 nightly watchings1 and  
various  other peculiarities1 gave birth
 to censure in some1 and inflamed the   
malevolence of others1 but excited the  
wonder and curiosity of all4 ,so  that  
they were frequently visited with       
different views by persons of  all      
denominations1 and of opposite opinions4
 ,they received all who  came with      
courteous civility2 and from those who  
were inquisitive they  concealed        
nothing1 as indeed there was not any    
thing either in their  opinions or their
 practice1 in the least degree necessary
 to be  concealed4 ,notwithstanding     

this1 they were by some abused as       
,papists1  by others as ,puritans1 ,mr4 
,ferrar himself1 though possessed of    
uncommon patience and resignation1 yet  
in anguish of spirit complained  to his 
friends1 that the perpetual obloquy he  
endured was a sort  of unceasing        
martyrdom4 ,added to all this1 violent  
invectives and  inflammatory pamphlets  
were published against them4 ,amongst   
others1  not long after ,mr4 ,ferrar's  
death1 a treatise was addressed to the  
,parliament1 entitled1 ,the ,arminian   
,nunnery1 or a brief description  and   
relation of the late erected monastical 
place called the ,arminian  ,nunnery at 
,little ,gidding in ,huntingdonshire3   
humbly addressed to the  wise           
consideration of the present parliament4
 ,the foundation is by a  company of    
,ferrars at ,gidding1 printed by ,thomas
 ,underbill1 #afda4    ,soon after ,mr4 
,ferrar's death1 certain soldiers of the
 ,parliament  resolved to plunder the   
house at ,gidding4 ,the family being    

informed of  their hasty approach1      
thought it prudent to fly2 while these  
military  zealots1 in the rage of what  
they called reformation1 ransacked both 
the church and the house2 in doing      
which1 they expressed a particular      
spite against the organ4 ,this they     
broke in pieces1 of which they made  a  
large fire1 and at it roasted several of
 ,mr4 ,ferrar's sheep1 which  they had  
killed in his grounds4 ,this done1 they 
seized all the plate1  furniture1 and   
provision1 which they could conveniently
 carry away4  ,and in this general      
devastation perished the works which    
,mr4 ,ferrar  had compiled for the use  
of his household1 consisting chiefly of 
harmonies of the ,old and ,new          
,testament4    ,footnote #be3 ,valdesso 
died at ,naples in #aedj4    ,footnote  
#bf3 ,altered from a ,dirge in          
,shirley's ,contention of ,ajax  and    
,ulysses4--,the lines in ,shirley are   
,your heads must come    ,to the cold   
tomb--    ,only the actions of the just 

,smell sweet and blossom in their dust4 
,footnote #bg3 ,mr4 ,george ,herbert1   
,esq41 ,parson of ,fuggleston and       
,bemerton1 was buried #c;d day of       
,march1 #afcb4 7,parish ,register of    
,bemerton4'7--,it does not appear       
whether he was buried in the parish     
church or in the chapel4 ,his letter to 
,mr4 ,nicholas ,ferrar1 the  translator 
of ,valdesso1 is dated from his         
,parsonage at ,bemerton1 near           
,salisbury1 ,sept4 #bi1 #afcb4 ,it must 
be remembered1 that the beginning  of   
the year1 at that time1 was computed the
 #beth of ,march4 ,in this  year also1  
he wrote the short address to the       
,reader1 which is prefixed  to his      
,priest to the ,temple1 which was not   
published till after his  death4        
,footnote #bh3 ,it is not to be supposed
 that ,andrew ,melville could  retain   
the least personal resentment against   
,mr4 ,herbert2 whose verses  have in    
them so little of the poignancy of      
satire1 that it is scarce  possible to  

consider them as capable of exciting the
 anger of him to  whom they are         
addressed4          ,,letter ,,from     
,,mr4 ,,george ,,herbert  ,,to          
,,nicholas ,,farrer1    the ,translator 
of ,valdesso      ,sidenote3 ,concerning
 ,valdesso    ,my dear and deserving    
brother1 your ,valdesso ,i now return   
with many  thanks1 and some notes1 in   
which perhaps you will discover some    
care  which ,i forbear not in the midst 
of my griefs2 first for your sake1      
because ,i would do nothing negligently 
that you commit unto me3  secondly for  
the ,author's sake1 whom ,i conceive to 
have been a true  servant of ,god2 and  
to such1 and all that is their's1 ,i owe
 diligence3  thirdly for the ,church's  
sake1 to whom by printing it1 ,i would  
have  you consecrate it4 ,you owe the   
,church a debt1 and ,god hath put this  
into your hands--as he sent the fish    
with money to ,st4 ,peter--to  discharge
 it2 happily also with this--as his     
thoughts are  fruitful--intending the   

honour of his servant the ,author1 who1 
being  obscured in his own country1 he  
would have to flourish in this land  of 
light1 and region of the ,gospel among  
his chosen4 ,it is true1 there  are some
 things which ,i like not in him1 as my 
fragments will express1  when you read  
them3 nevertheless1 ,i wish you by all  
means to publish  it1 for these three   
eminent things observable therein3      
,first1 that ,god  in the midst of      
,popery1 should open the eyes of one to 
understand and  express so clearly and  
excellently1 the intent of the ,gospel  
in the  acceptation of ,christ's        
righteousness1--as he sheweth through   
all  his ,considerations1--a thing      
strangely buried and darkened by the    
adversaries1 and their great stumbling  
block4 ,secondly1 the great  honour and 
reverence which he every where bears    
towards our dear  ,master and ,lord2    
concluding every ,consideration almost  
with his holy  name1 and setting his    
merit forth so piously2 for which ,i do 

so love  him1 that were there nothing   
else1 ,i would print it1 that with it   
the  honour of my ,lord might be        
published4 ,thirdly1 the many pious     
rules  of ordering our life about       
mortification1 and observation of ,god's
  kingdom within us1 and the working    
thereof2 of which he was a very         
diligent observer4 ,these three things  
are very eminent in the ,author1  and   
overweigh the defects--as ,i            
conceive--towards the publishing        
thereof4      ,from his ,parsonage of   
,bemerton1 near ,salisbury1    ,sept4   
#bith1 #afcb4          ,,the ,,works    
,,of ,,mr4 ,,george ,,herbert4          
,sidenote3 ,herbert's ,works    ,i4     
,,oratio qu auspicatissimum serenissimi 
,principis ,,caroli reditum  ex         
,hispaniis celebravit ,,georgius        
,,herbert1 ,academ ,cantabrigiensis     
,orator4--#afbc4    ,,ii4 ,,oratio 444  
habita coram ,dominis ,legatis cum      
,magistro in ,artib4  titulis           
insignirentur4 #bg ,febr4 #afbb4        

,,iii4 ,a ,,translation of ,,lewis      
,,cornaro',s ,,treatise on ,,temperance4
  ,printed at ,cambridge in #afcd1 along
 with ,mr4 ,nicholas ,ferrar's          
translation of ,the ,hygiasticon1 or the
 right ,course of preserving  ,health1  
by ,leonard ,lessius4 ,to ,mr4          
,herbert's ,translation is annexed  ,a  
,paradox1 translated out of ,italian1   
,that a more spare diet is  better than 
a splendid or sumptuous4    ,,iv4       
,,herbert',s ,,remains2 or ,sundry      
,pieces of that sweet ,singer of the    
,temple1 ,mr4 ,,george ,,herbert1 some  
time ,orator of the ,university of      
,cambridge1 now exposed to public       
,light4 ,london1 #afeb4    ,this volume 
consists of--#a4 ,a ,priest to the      
,temple1 or the ,country  ,parson in his
 ,character and ,rule of ,holy ,life2   
with a ,prefatory ,view  of the ,life   
and ,virtues of the ,author and         
,excellencies of this ,book1  by        
,barnabas ,oley4 ,in the second and     
subsequent impressions of this  volume  

is added1 ,a ,preface to the ,christian 
,reader1 consisting  of six paragraphs1 
by ,mr4 ,oley4 #b4 ,jacula ,prudentum2  
or ,outlandish  ,proverbs1 ,sentences1  
c41 selected by ,mr4 ,george ,herbert4  
,v4 ,,the ,,temple3 ,,sacred ,,poems and
 ,private ,,ejaculations1 by ,mr4       
,,george  ,,herbert1 late orator of the 
,university of ,cambridge4 ,in his      
,temple  doth every ,man speak of his   
,honour1 ,psal4 xxix4 ,cambridge1 #afcc4
    ,,vi4 ,,mus ,,responsor ,,ad ,,andre
 ,,melvini                              
,,anti-,,tami-,,cami-,,categoriam4 ,ex  
officin1 ,joh4 ,field1 ,cantab4 #affb4  
#abmo4    ,during his residence at      
,cambridge1 he composed ,latin ,poems on
 the  ,death of ,henry ,prince of       
,wales2 and of ,anne1 ,queen to ,james  
,i4 ,see  ,epicedium ,cantabrigiense in 
obitum immaturum semperque deflendum    
,henrici illustrissimi ,principis       
,walli1 ,cantab4 #afab4 ,and  ,lachrym  
,cantabrigienses in obitum serenissim   
,regi ,ann1 ,conjugis  dilectissim      

,jacobi ,magn ,britanni1 ,franci1 et    
,hiberni ,regis4  ,cantab4 #afai4       
,the following letters1 written by      
,herbert1 when he was ,public ,orator1  
are in the ,orator's ,book at           
,cambridge3    #a4 ,to ,sir ,robert     
,naunton1 with thanks for some acts of  
kindness  procured by him from          
,government to the ,university4    #b4  
,to ,fulke ,greville1 on the same       
account4    #c4 ,to ,george ,villiers1  
,marquis of ,buckingham1 on his being   
created a  ,marquis4    #d4 ,to ,sir    
,francis ,bacon1 with thanks for his    
,novum ,organum4    #e4 ,to ,sir ,thomas
 ,coventry1 ,attorney-,general4    #f4  
,to ,montagu1 ,lord ,treasurer1 and     
#g4 ,to ,sir ,robert ,heath1            
,solicitor-,general1 congratulating them
 on  their several promotions4    #h4   
,to ,king ,james1 with thanks for a     
present of his ,doron ,basilicon4    #i4
 ,to the same1 with thanks for the      
preservation of the river4    #aj4 ,to  
,sir ,francis ,bacon1 on the same       

subject4    #aa4 ,to ,dr4 ,abbot1       
,archbishop of ,canterbury1 against the 
,london  ,printers monopolizing foreign 
books4    #ab4 ,to ,sir ,francis ,bacon1
 on the same subject4    #ac4 ,to       
,leigh1 ,chief ,justice1 on his         
promotion4    #ad4 ,to ,cranfield1 ,lord
 ,treasurer1 on the same occasion4      
,,the ,,life  ,,of  ,,dr4 ,,robert      
,,sanderson1  ,,late ,,bishop ,,of      
,,lincoln4    ,blessed is the man in    
whose spirit there is no guile4--,ps4   
xxxii4  #b4          ,,to ,,the ,,right 
,,reverend ,,and ,,honourable1          
,,george1  ,,lord ,,bishop ,,of         
,,winchester1 ,,prelate ,,of ,,the      
,,garter1 ,,and ,,one ,,of ,,his        
,,majesty',s ,,privy ,,council4         
,sidenote3 ,dedication    ,,my ,,lord1  
,if ,i should undertake to enumerate the
 many favours and advantages  ,i have   
had by my very long acquaintance with   
your ,lordship1 ,i  should enter upon an
 employment1 that might prove as tedious
 as the  collecting of the materials for

 this poor ,monument1 which ,i have     
erected1 and do dedicate to the ,memory 
of your beloved friend1 ,dr4            
,sanderson3 ,but though ,i will not     
venture to do that2 yet ,i do remember  
with pleasure1 and remonstrate with     
gratitude1 that your ,lordship made  me 
known to him1 ,mr4 ,chillingworth1#a and
 ,dr4 ,hammond2 men1 whose  merits ought
 never to be forgotten4    ,my          
friendship with the first was begun     
almost forty years past1 when  ,i was as
 far from a thought1 as a desire to     
outlive him2 and farther  from an       
intention to write his ,life4 ,but the  
wise ,disposer of all  men's lives and  
actions hath prolonged the first1 and   
now permitted  the last2 which is here  
dedicated to your ,lordship1--and1 as it
 ought  to be--with all humility1 and a 
desire that it may remain as a public   
testimony of my gratitude4              
,my ,lord1    ,your most affectionate   
old friend1          and most humble    
servant1                 ,,izaak        

,,walton4      ,footnote #a3 ,william   
,chillingworth1 born at ,oxford in      
#afjb1 and  educated at ,trinity        
,college4 ,he was proverbially          
celebrated there  for clear and acute   
reasoning2 but he so much involved      
himself in the  ,romish ,controversy    
with ,john ,fisher1 a ,jesuit1 as to    
become a convert1  and enter the        
,college at ,douay4 ,his re-conversion  
was brought about by  his godfather1    
,archbishop ,laud1 in #afca1 when he    
returned to ,england2  and in #afch1 he 
wrote his famous work called ,the       
,religion of  ,protestants a safe ,way  
to ,salvation4 ,fol4 ,he was zealously  
attached  to the ,royal cause1 and      
served at the ,siege of ,gloucester3 but
 being  taken prisoner1 he was carried  
to the ,bishop's ,palace1 at            
,chichester1  on account of his illness1
 and1 dying there ,jan4 #cjth1 #afdd1   
was  buried in the ,cathedral1 without  
any other ceremony than that of his     
book being cast into the grave by the   

hand of a fanatic4          ,,the       
,,preface      ,sidenote3 ,introductory 
,i dare neither think1 nor assure the   
,reader1 that ,i have committed no      
mistakes in this relation of the ,life  
of ,dr4 ,sanderson2 but ,i am sure1     
there is none that are either wilful1 or
 very material4 ,i confess1 it  was     
worthy the employment of some person of 
more ,learning and greater  abilities   
than ,i can pretend to2 and ,i have not 
a little wondered  that none have yet   
been so grateful to him and to          
posterity1 as to  undertake it4 ,for it 
may be noted1 that our ,saviour hath had
 such  care1 that1 for ,mary ,magdalen's
 kindness to him1 her name should never 
be forgotten3 and doubtless ,dr4        
,sanderson's meek and innocent life1    
his great and useful ,learning1 might   
therefore challenge the like  endeavours
 to preserve his memory3 ,and 'tis to me
 a wonder1 that it  has been already    
fifteen years neglected4 ,but1 in saying
 this1 my  meaning is not to upbraid    

others1--,i am far from that1--but      
excuse  myself1 or beg pardon for daring
 to attempt it4 ,this being premised1 ,i
  desire to tell the ,reader1 that in   
this relation ,i have been so bold1  as 
to paraphrase and say1 what ,i think    
he--whom ,i had the happiness  to know  
well--would have said upon the same     
occasions3 and if ,i have  erred in this
 kind1 and cannot now beg pardon of him 
that loved me2  yet ,i do of my ,reader1
 from whom ,i desire the same favour4   
,sidenote3 ,reasons for writing    ,and1
 though my age might have procured me a 
,writ of ,ease1 and that  secured me    
from all further trouble in this kind2  
yet ,i met with such  persuasions to    
begin1 and so many willing informers    
since1 and from  them1 and others1 such 
helps and encouragements to proceed1    
that when  ,i found myself faint1 and   
weary of the burthen with which ,i had  
loaden  myself1 and ready to lay it     
down2 yet time and new strength hath at 
last brought it to be what it now is1   

and presented to the ,reader1 and  with 
it this desire2 that he will take       
notice1 that ,dr4 ,sanderson did  in his
 ,will1 or last sickness1 advertise1    
that after his death nothing  of his    
might be printed2 because that might be 
said to be his1 which  indeed was not2  
and also for that he might have changed 
his opinion  since he first writ it4    
,and though these reasons ought to be   
regarded1  yet regarded so1 as he       
resolves in that ,case of ,conscience   
concerning  ,rash ,vows2 that there may 
appear very good second reasons why we  
may  forbear to perform them4 ,however1 
for his said reasons1 they ought to  be 
read as we do ,apocryphal ,scripture2 to
 explain1 but not oblige us  to so firm 
a belief of what is here presented as   
his4    ,sidenote3 ,tracts and a ,sermon
    ,and ,i have this to say more2 ,that
 as in my queries for writing ,dr4      
,sanderson's ,life1 ,i met with these   
little ,tracts annexed2 so1 in my       
former queries for my information to    

write the ,life of venerable ,mr4       
,hooker1 ,i met with a ,sermon1 which ,i
 also believe was really his1 and  here 
presented as his to the ,reader4 ,it is 
affirmed1--and ,i have  met with reason 
to believe it1--that there be some      
,artists1 that do  certainly know an    
original picture from a copy2 and in    
what age of the  world1 and by whom     
drawn4 ,and if so1 then ,i hope it may  
be as safely  affirmed1 that what is    
here presented for their's is so like   
their  temper of mind1 their other      
writings1 the times when1 and the       
occasions upon which they were writ1    
that all ,readers may safely  conclude1 
they could be writ by none but venerable
 ,mr4 ,hooker1 and the  humble and      
learned ,dr4 ,sanderson4    ,and lastly1
 ,i am now glad that ,i have collected  
these memoirs1 which  lay scattered1 and
 contracted them into a narrower        
compass2 and if ,i  have1 by the        
pleasant toil of doing so1 either       
pleased or profited any  man1 ,i have   

attained what ,i designed when ,i first 
undertook it4 ,but ,i  seriously wish1  
both for the ,reader's and ,dr4         
,sanderson's sake1 that  posterity had  
known his great ,learning and ,virtue by
 a better pen2 by  such a pen1 as could 
have made his life as immortal1 as his  
learning  and merits ought to be4       
,i4,w4          ,,the ,,life  ,,of      
,,dr4 ,,robert ,,sanderson1  ,,late     
,,lord ,,bishop ,,of ,,lincoln4         
,sidenote3 ,birth and birth-place       
,doctor ,robert ,sanderson1 the late    
learned ,bishop of ,lincoln1 whose      
,life ,i intend to write with all truth 
and equal plainness1 was born  the      
nineteenth day of ,september in the year
 of our ,redemption #aehg4  ,the place  
of his birth was ,rotherham#a in the    
,county of ,york2 a ,town  of good note1
 and the more for that ,thomas          
,rotherham1#b some time  ,archbishop of 
that see1 was born in it2 a man1 whose  
great wisdom1  and bounty1 and sanctity 
of life1 have made it the more          

memorable3 as  indeed it ought also to  
be1 for being the birth-place of our    
,robert  ,sanderson4 ,and the ,reader   
will be of my belief1 if this humble    
relation of his life can hold any       
proportion with his great ,piety1 his   
useful ,learning1 and his many other    
extraordinary endowments4    ,sidenote3 
,his father    ,he was the second and   
youngest ,son1 of ,robert ,sanderson1 of
  ,gilthwaite-,hall1 in the said ,parish
 and ,county1 ,esq41 by ,elizabeth1  one
 of the daughters of ,richard ,carr1 of 
,butterthwaite-,hall1 in the  ,parish of
 ,ecclesfield1 in the said ,county of   
,york1 ,gentleman4    ,this ,robert     
,sanderson1 the ,father1 was descended  
from a numerous1  ancient1 and          
honourable family of his own name3 for  
the search of  which truth1 ,i refer my 
,reader1 that inclines to it1 to ,dr4   
,thoroton's  ,history of the            
,antiquities of ,nottinghamshire1 and   
other records2  not thinking it         
necessary here to engage him into a     

search for bare  titles1 which are noted
 to have in them nothing of reality3 for
 titles  not acquired1 but derived only1
 do but shew us who of our ancestors    
have1 and how they have achieved that   
honour which their descendants  claim1  
and may not be worthy to enjoy4 ,for1 if
 those titles descend to  persons that  
degenerate into ,vice1 and break off the
 continued line of  ,learning1 or       
,valour1 or that ,virtue that acquired  
them1 they destroy  the very foundation 
upon which that ,honour was built2 and  
all the  rubbish of their vices ought to
 fall heavy on such dishonourable       
heads2 ought to fall so heavy1 as to    
degrade them of their titles1 and  blast
 their memories with reproach and shame4
    ,but our ,robert ,sanderson lived   
worthy of his name and family3 of  which
 one testimony may be1 that ,gilbert1   
called the ,great ,earl  of ,shrewsbury1
 thought him not unworthy to be joined  
with him as  a ,godfather to ,gilbert   
,sheldon1#c the late ,lord ,archbishop  

of  ,canterbury2 to whose merits and    
memory1 posterity--the ,clergy          
especially--ought to pay a reverence4   
,sidenote3 ,his youth    ,but ,i return 
to my intended relation of ,robert the  
,son1 who began in  his youth to make   
the ,laws of ,god1 and obedience to his 
parents1 the  rules of his life2 seeming
 even then to dedicate himself1 and all 
his  studies1 to ,piety and ,virtue4    
,sidenote3 ,his early training    ,and  
as he was inclined to this by that      
native goodness1 with which the  wise   
,disposer of all hearts had endowed his2
 so this calm1 this  quiet and happy    
temper of mind--his being mild1 and     
averse to  oppositions--made the whole  
course of his life easy and grateful    
both  to himself and others3 and this   
blessed temper was maintained and       
improved by his prudent ,father's good  
example2 and by frequent  conversing    
with him1 and scattering short          
apophthegms and little  pleasant        
stories1 and making useful applications 

of them1 his son was  in his infancy    
taught to abhor ,vanity and ,vice as    
monsters1 and to  discern the loveliness
 of ,wisdom and ,virtue2 and by these   
means1 and  ,god's concurring grace1 his
 knowledge was so augmented1 and his    
native  goodness so confirmed1 that all 
became so habitual1 as it was not easy  
to determine whether ,nature or         
,education were his teachers4    ,and   
here let me tell the ,reader1 that these
 early beginnings of  ,virtue1 were by  
,god's assisting grace1 blessed with    
what ,st4 ,paul  seemed to beg for his  
,philippians ,phil4 i4 #f42 namely1     
,that he1  that had begun a good work in
 them1 would finish it4 ,and ,almighty  
,god did3 for his whole life was so     
regular and innocent1 that he might     
have said at his death--and with truth  
and comfort--what the same ,st4  ,paul  
said after to the same ,philippians1    
when he advised them to walk  as they   
had him for an example chap4 iii4 #ag4  
,sidenote3 ,at ,rotherham    ,and this  

goodness1 of which ,i have spoken1      
seemed to increase as his  years did2   
and with his goodness his ,learning1 the
 foundation of which  was laid in the   
,grammar-school of ,rotherham--that     
being one of those  three that were     
founded and liberally endowed by the    
said great and  good ,bishop of that    
name4--,and in this time of his being a 
,scholar  there1 he was observed to use 
an unwearied diligence to attain        
learning1 and to have a seriousness     
beyond his age1 and with it a more  than
 common modesty2 and to be of so calm   
and obliging a behaviour1  that the     
,master and whole number of ,scholars   
loved him as one man4    ,and in this   
love and amity he continued at that     
,school till about  the thirteenth year 
of his age2 at which time his ,father   
designed to  improve his ,grammar       
learning1 by removing him from          
,rotherham to one of  the more noted    
,schools of ,eton or ,westminster2 and  
after a year's stay  there1 then to     

remove him thence to ,oxford4 ,but1 as  
he went with him1  he called on an old  
friend1 a ,minister of noted learning1  
and told him  his intentions2 and he1   
after many questions with his ,son1     
received  such answers from him1 that he
 assured his ,father1 his ,son was so   
perfect a ,grammarian1 that he had laid 
a good foundation to build  any or all  
the ,arts upon2 and therefore advised   
him to shorten his  journey1 and leave  
him at ,oxford4 ,and his ,father did so4
    ,sidenote3 ,at ,oxford    ,sidenote3
 ,master of ,arts    ,his father left   
him there to the sole care and manage of
 ,dr4  ,kilbie1#d who was then ,rector  
of ,lincoln ,college4 ,and he1 after    
some  time and trial of his manners and 
learning1 thought fit to enter him  of  
that ,college1 and1 after to matriculate
 him in the ,university1  which he did  
the first of ,july1 #afjc2 but he was   
not chosen ,fellow  till the third of   
,may1 #afjf2 at which time he had taken 
his degree of  ,bachelor of ,arts3 at   

the taking of which degree1 his ,tutor  
told the  ,rector1 ,that his pupil      
,sanderson had a metaphysical brain and 
a  matchless memory2 and that he thought
 he had improved or made the last  so by
 an art of his own invention4 ,and all  
the future employments of  his life     
proved that his tutor was not mistaken4 
,i must here stop  my ,reader1 and tell 
him that this ,dr4 ,kilbie was a man of 
so great  learning and wisdom1 and was  
so excellent a critic in the ,hebrew    
,tongue1 that he was made ,professor of 
it in this university2 and was  also so 
perfect a ,grecian1 that he was by ,king
 ,james appointed to  be one of the     
,translators of the ,bible2 and that    
this ,doctor and ,mr4  ,sanderson had   
frequent discourses1 and loved as father
 and son4 ,the  ,doctor was to ride a   
journey into ,derbyshire1 and took ,mr4 
,sanderson  to bear him company3 and    
they going together on a ,sunday with   
the  ,doctor's friend to that ,parish   
,church where they then were1 found the 

young ,preacher to have no more         
discretion1 than to waste a great part  
of the hour allotted for his ,sermon in 
exceptions against the late             
,translation of several words1--not     
expecting such a hearer as ,dr4         
,kilbie1--and shewed three reasons why a
 particular word should have  been      
otherwise translated4 ,when ,evening    
,prayer was ended1 the ,preacher  was   
invited to the ,doctor's friend's house2
 where after some other  conference the 
,doctor told him1 ,he might have        
preached more useful  doctrine1 and not 
have filled his auditors' ears with     
needless  exceptions against the late   
,translation3 and for that word1 for    
which  he offered to that poor          
congregation three reasons why it ought 
to  have been translated as he said2 he 
and others had considered  all them1 and
 found thirteen more considerable       
reasons why it was  translated as now   
printed2 and told him1 ,if his friend1  
then  attending him1 should prove guilty

 of such indiscretion1 he should        
forfeit his favour4 ,to which ,mr4      
,sanderson said1 ,he hoped he should    
not4 ,and the preacher was so ingenuous 
as to say1 ,he would not  justify       
himself4 ,and so ,i return to ,oxford4  
,in the year #afjh1--;,july  the        
#aath1--,mr4 ,sanderson was completed   
,master of ,arts4 ,i am not  ignorant1  
that for the attaining these dignities  
the time was shorter  than was then or  
is now required2 but either his birth or
 the well  performance of some          
extraordinary exercise1 or some other   
merit1 made  him so3 and the ,reader is 
requested to believe1 that 'twas the    
last3  and requested to believe also1   
that if ,i be mistaken in the time1 the 
,college ,records have misinformed me3  
but ,i hope they have not4    ,in that  
year of #afjh1 he was--,november the    
#gth--by his ,college chosen  ,reader of
 ,logic in the ,house2 which he         
performed so well1 that he was  chosen  
again the sixth of ,november1 #afji4 ,in

 the year #afac1 he was  chosen         
,sub-,rector of the ,college1 and the   
like for the year #afad1 and  chosen    
again to the same dignity and trust for 
the year #afaf4    ,in all which time   
and employments1 his abilities and      
behaviour were  such1 as procured him   
both love and reverence from the whole  
,society2  there being no exception     
against him for any faults1 but a sorrow
  for the infirmities of his being too  
timorous and bashful2 both which  were1 
,god knows1 so connatural as they never 
left him4 ,and ,i know not  whether his 
lovers ought to wish they had2 for they 
proved so like the  radical moisture in 
man's body1 that they preserved the life
 of virtue  in his soul1 which by ,god's
 assisting grace never left him till    
this  life put on immortality4 ,of which
 happy infirmities--if they may be so   
called--more hereafter4    ,sidenote3   
,standing for ,proctor    ,in the year  
#afad he stood to be elected one of the 
,proctors for the  ,university4 ,and    

'twas not to satisfy any ambition of his
 own1 but to  comply with the desire of 
the ,rector and whole ,society1 of which
 he  was a ,member2 who had not had a   
,proctor chosen out of their ,college   
for the space of sixty years2--namely1  
not from the year #aeed1 unto  his      
standing2--and they persuaded him1 that 
if he would but stand for  ,proctor1 his
 merits were so generally known1 and he 
so well beloved1  that 'twas but        
appearing1 and he would infallibly carry
 it against any  opposers2 and told him1
 ,that he would by that means recover a 
right  or reputation that was seemingly 
dead to his ,college4 ,by these1 and    
other like persuasions1 he yielded up   
his own reason to their's1 and  appeared
 to stand for ,proctor4 ,but that       
election was carried on by so  sudden   
and secret1 and by so powerful a        
faction1 that he missed it4  ,which when
 he understood1 he professed seriously  
to his friends1 ,that  if he were       
troubled at the disappointment1 it was  

for their's1 and  not for his own sake3 
for he was far from any desire of such  
an  employment1 as must be managed with 
charge and trouble1 and was too  usually
 rewarded with hard censures1 or hatred1
 or both4    ,sidenote3 ,lectures on    
,logic    ,sidenote3 ,their success     
,in the year following he was earnestly 
persuaded by ,dr4 ,kilbie and  others1  
to review the ,logic ,lectures which he 
had read some years past  in his        
,college2 and1 that done1 to methodise  
and print them1 for the  ease and public
 good of posterity4 ,but though he had  
an averseness to  appear publicly in    
print2 yet after many serious           
solicitations1  and some second thoughts
 of his own1 he laid aside his modesty1 
and  promised he would2 and he did so in
 that year of #afae4 ,and the book      
proved as his friends seemed to         
prophesy1 that is1 of great and  general
 use1 whether we respect the ,art or the
 ,author4 ,for ,logic may  be said to be
 an ,art of right reasoning2 an ,art    

that undeceives men  who take falsehood 
for truth2 enables men to pass a true   
judgment1 and  detect those fallacies1  
which in some men's understandings usurp
 the  place of right reason4 ,and how   
great a master our ,author was in this  
art1 will quickly appear from that      
clearness of method1 argument1 and      
demonstration1 which is so conspicuous  
in all his other writings4 ,he1  who had
 attained to so great a dexterity in the
 use of reason  himself1 was best       
qualified to prescribe rules and        
directions for the  instructions of     
others4 ,and ,i am the more satisfied of
 the excellency  and usefulness of this1
 his first public undertaking1 by       
hearing that  most ,tutors in both      
,universities teach ,dr4 ,sanderson's   
,logic to their  ,pupils1 as a          
foundation upon which they are to build 
their future  studies in ,philosophy4   
,and1 for a further confirmation of my  
belief1  the ,reader may note1 that     
since his ,book of ,logic was first     

printed  there has not been less than   
ten thousand sold3 and that 'tis like to
  continue both to discover truth and to
 clear and confirm the reason of  the   
unborn world4#e    ,sidenote3 ,senior   
,proctor    ,it will easily be believed 
that his former standing for a          
,proctor's  place1 and being            
disappointed1 must prove much           
displeasing to a man of  his great      
wisdom and modesty1 and create in him an
 averseness to run a  second hazard of  
his credit and content3 and yet he was  
assured by ,dr4  ,kilbie1 and the       
,fellows of his own ,college1 and most  
of those that  had opposed him in the   
former ,election1 that his ,book of     
,logic had  purchased for him such a    
belief of his learning and prudence1 and
  his behaviour at the former ,election 
had got for him so great and so  general
 a love1 that all his former opposers   
repented what they had  done2 and       
therefore persuaded him to venture to   
stand a second time4  ,and1 upon these1 

and other like encouragements1 he did   
again1 but not  without an inward       
unwillingness1 yield up his own reason  
to their's1  and promised to stand4 ,and
 he did so2 and was the tenth of ,april1
  #afaf1 chosen ,senior ,proctor for the
 year following2 ,mr4 ,charles          
,crooke#f of ,christ ,church being then 
chosen the ,junior4    ,in this year of 
his being ,proctor1 there happened many 
memorable  accidents2 namely1 ,dr4      
,robert ,abbot1#g ,master of ,balliol   
,college1 and  ,regius ,professor of    
,divinity1--who being elected or        
consecrated ,bishop  of ,sarum some     
months before1--was solemnly conducted  
out of ,oxford  towards his ,diocese1 by
 the ,heads of all ,houses1 and the     
chief of  all the ,university4 ,and ,dr4
 ,prideaux#h succeeded him in the       
,professorship1 in which he continued   
till the year #afdb1--;being then       
elected ,bishop of ,worcester1--and then
 our now ,proctor1 ,mr4 ,sanderson1     
succeeded him in the ,regius            

,professorship4    ,sidenote3 ,dr4 ,lake
    ,and in this year ,dr4 ,arthur      
,lake#i--then ,warden of ,new           
,college--was  advanced to the          
,bishopric of ,bath and ,wells3 a man of
 whom ,i take  myself bound in justice  
to say1 that he has made the great trust
  committed to him1 the chief care and  
whole business of his life4 ,and  one   
testimony of this proof may be1 that he 
sate usually with his  ,chancellor in   
his ,consistory1 and at least advised1  
if not assisted1  in most sentences for 
the punishing of such offenders as      
deserved  ,church-censures4 ,and it may 
be noted1 that1 after a sentence for    
penance was pronounced1 he did very     
rarely or never1 allow of any           
commutation for the offence1 but did    
usually see the sentence  for penance   
executed2 and then as usually preached a
 ,sermon on  mortification and          
repentance1 and did so apply them to the
 offenders1  that then stood before him1
 as begot in them a devout contrition1  

and  at least resolutions to amend their
 lives3 and having done that1 he  would 
take them--though never so poor--to     
dinner with him1 and use  them friendly1
 and dismiss them with his blessing and 
persuasions to  a virtuous life1 and beg
 them to believe him4 ,and his humility 
and  charity1 and other ,christian      
excellencies1 were all like this4 ,of   
all which the ,reader may inform himself
 in his ,life1 truly writ1 and  printed 
before his ,sermons4    ,and in this    
year also1 the very prudent and very    
wise ,lord ,ellesmere1  who was so very 
long ,lord ,chancellor of ,england1 and 
then of ,oxford1  resigning up the last1
 the ,right ,honourable1 and as         
magnificent1  ,william ,herbert1 ,earl  
of ,pembroke1 was chosen to succeed him4
    ,sidenote3 ,university matters      
,and in this year our late ,king        
,charles the ,first--then ,prince of    
,wales--came honourably attended to     
,oxford2 and having deliberately        
visited the ,university1 the ,schools1  

,colleges1 and ,libraries1 he and  his  
attendants were entertained with        
ceremonies and feasting suitable  to    
their dignity and merits4    ,and this  
year ,king ,james sent letters to the   
,university for the  regulating their   
studies2 especially of the young        
,divines3 advising  they should not rely
 on modern sums and systems1 but study  
the ,fathers  and ,councils1 and the    
more primitive learning4 ,and this      
advice was  occasioned by the indiscreet
 inferences made by very many ,preachers
  out of ,mr4 ,calvin's doctrine        
concerning ,predestination1 ,universal  
,redemption1 the ,irresistibility of    
,god's ,grace1 and of some other  knotty
 points depending upon these2 points    
which many think were not1  but by      
interpreters forced to be1 ,mr4         
,calvin's meaning2 of the truth  or     
falsehood of which ,i pretend not to    
have an ability to judge2 my  meaning in
 this relation1 being only to acquaint  
the ,reader with the  occasion of the   

,king's ,letter4    ,sidenote3 ,revision
 of the ,statutes    ,it may be         
observed1 that the various accidents of 
this year did afford  our ,proctor large
 and laudable matter to dilate and      
discourse upon3  and that though his    
office seemed1 according to statute and 
custom1  to require him to do so at his 
leaving it2 yet he chose rather to  pass
 them over with some very short         
observations1 and present the           
governors1 and his other hearers1 with  
rules to keep up discipline and  order  
in the ,university2 which at that time  
was1 either by defective  ,statutes1 or 
want of the due execution of those that 
were good1 grown  to be extremely       
irregular4 ,and in this year also1 the  
magisterial part  of the ,proctor       
required more diligence1 and was more   
difficult to be  managed than formerly1 
by reason of a multiplicity of new      
,statutes1  which begot much confusion2 
some of which ,statutes were then1 and  
others suddenly after1 put into an      

useful execution4 ,and though these     
,statutes were not then made so         
perfectly useful as they were designed1 
till ,archbishop ,laud's time--who      
assisted in the forming and promoting   
them2--yet our present ,proctor made    
them as effectual as discretion  and    
diligence could do3 of which one example
 may seem worthy the  noting2 namely1   
that if in his night-walk he met with   
irregular  ,scholars absent from their  
,colleges at ,university hours1 or      
disordered  by drink1 or in scandalous  
company1 he did not use his power of    
punishing to an extremity2 but did      
usually take their names1 and a  promise
 to appear before him unsent for next   
morning2 and when they  did1 convinced  
them1 with such obligingness1 and reason
 added to it1  that they parted from him
 with such resolutions1 as the man after
  ,god's own heart was possessed with1  
when he said1 ,there is mercy with      
thee1 and therefore thou shall be       
feared3 ,psal4 cxxx4 #d4 ,and by this   

and a like behaviour to all men1 he was 
so happy as to lay down this  dangerous 
employment1 as but very few1 if any1    
have done1 even without  an enemy4      
,sidenote3 ,looking back    ,after his  
speech was ended1 and he retired with a 
friend into a  convenient privacy1 he   
looked upon his friend with a more than 
common  cheerfulness1 and spake to him  
to this purpose3 ,i look back upon my   
late employment with some content to    
myself1 and a great thankfulness  to    
,almighty ,god1 that he hath made me of 
a temper not apt to provoke  the meanest
 of mankind1 but rather to pass by      
infirmities1 if noted2  and in this     
employment ,i have had--,god knows--many
 occasions to do  both4 ,and when ,i    
consider1 how many of a contrary temper 
are by sudden  and small occasions      
transported and hurried by anger to     
commit such  errors1 as they in that    
passion could not foresee1 and will in  
their  more calm and deliberate thoughts
 upbraid1 and require repentance3 and   

consider1 that though repentance secures
 us from the punishment of  any sin1 yet
 how much more comfortable it is to be  
innocent than need  pardon3 and         
consider1 that errors against men1      
though pardoned both by  ,god and them1 
do yet leave such anxious and upbraiding
 impressions in  the memory1 as abates  
of the offender's content3--when ,i     
consider all  this1 and that ,god hath  
of his goodness given me a temper that  
hath  prevented me from running into    
such enormities1 ,i remember my temper  
with joy and thankfulness4 ,and though  
,i cannot say with ,david--,i wish  ,i  
could1--that therefore 'his praise shall
 always be in my mouth2'  ,psal4 xxxiv4 
#a2 yet ,i hope1 that by his grace1 and 
that grace seconded  by my endeavours1  
it shall never be blotted out of my     
memory2 and ,i  now beseech ,almighty   
,god that it never may4    ,sidenote3   
,gilbert ,sheldon    ,and here ,i must  
look back1 and mention one passage more 
in his  ,proctorship1 which is1 that    

,gilbert ,sheldon1 the late ,lord       
,archbishop  of ,canterbury1 was this   
year sent to ,trinity ,college in that  
,university2 and not long after his     
entrance there1 a letter was sent  after
 him from his godfather--the father of  
our ,proctor--to let his  son know it1  
and commend his godson to his           
acquaintance1 and to  more than a common
 care of his behaviour2 which proved a  
pleasing  injunction to our ,proctor1   
who was so gladly obedient to his       
father's  desire1 that he some few days 
after sent his servitor to intreat  ,mr4
 ,sheldon to his chamber next morning4  
,but it seems ,mr4 ,sheldon             
having--like a young man as he was--run 
into some such irregularity  as made him
 conscious he had transgressed his      
statutes1 did therefore  apprehend the  
,proctor's invitation as an introduction
 to punishment2  the fear of which made 
his bed restless that night3 but1 at    
their  meeting the next morning1 that   
fear vanished immediately by the        

,proctor's cheerful countenance1 and the
 freedom of their discourse of  friends4
 ,and let me tell my ,reader1 that this 
first meeting proved the  beginning of  
as spiritual a friendship as human      
nature is capable of2  of a friendship  
free from all self ends3 and it         
continued to be so1  till death forced a
 separation of it on earth2 but it is   
now reunited  in ,heaven4    ,sidenote3 
,ordination    ,and now1 having given   
this account of his behaviour1 and the  
considerable accidents in his           
,proctorship1 ,i proceed to tell my     
,reader1 that1 this busy employment     
being ended1 he preached his sermon  for
 his ,degree of ,bachelor in ,divinity  
in as elegant ,latin1 and as  remarkable
 for the matter1 as hath been preached  
in that ,university  since that day4    
,and having well performed his other    
exercises for that  ,degree1 he took it 
the nine and twentieth of ,may          
following1 having  been ordained ,deacon
 and ,priest in the year #afaa1 by ,john

 ,king1 then  ,bishop of ,london1 who   
had not long before been ,dean of       
,christ ,church1  and then knew him so  
well1 that he became his most           
affectionate  friend4 ,and in this year1
 being then about the twenty-ninth of   
his  age1 he took from the ,university a
 license to preach4    ,sidenote3       
,wibberton and ,boothby ,pagnell    ,in 
the year #afah1 he was by ,sir ,nicholas
 ,sanderson1 ,lord ,viscount            
,castleton1 presented to the ,rectory of
 ,wibberton1 not far from ,boston1  in  
the ,county of ,lincoln1 a living of    
very good value2 but it lay in  so low  
and wet a part of that country as was   
inconsistent with his  health4 ,and     
health being--next to a good            
conscience--the greatest of  ,god's     
blessings in this life1 and requiring   
therefore of every man a  care and      
diligence to preserve it1 he1           
apprehending a danger of losing  it1 if 
he continued at ,wibberton a second     
,winter1 did therefore resign  it back  

into the hands of his worthy kinsman and
 patron1 about one  year after his      
donation of it to him4    ,and about    
this time of his resignation he was     
presented to the ,rectory  of ,boothby  
,pannell1 in the same ,county of        
,lincoln2 a town which  has been made   
famous1 and must continue to be famous1 
because ,dr4  ,sanderson1 the humble and
 learned ,dr4 ,sanderson1 was more than 
forty  years ,parson of ,boothby        
,pannell1 and from thence dated all or  
most of  his matchless writings4    ,to 
this living--which was of no less value1
 but a purer air than  ,wibberton--he   
was presented by ,thomas ,harrington1 of
 the same ,county1  and ,parish1 ,esq41 
who was a gentleman of a very ancient   
family1 and of  great use and esteem in 
his country during his whole life4 ,and 
in this  ,boothby ,pannell the meek and 
charitable ,dr4 ,sanderson and his      
patron  lived with an endearing1 mutual1
 and comfortable friendship1 till the   
death of the last put a period to it4   

,sidenote3 ,resigns his ,fellowship     
,about the time that he was made ,parson
 of ,boothby ,pannell1 he resigned  his 
,fellowship of ,lincoln ,college unto   
the then ,rector and ,fellows2  and his 
resignation is recorded in these words3 
,ego ,robertus ,sanderson perpetuus1 c4 
,i ,robert ,sanderson1 ,fellow of the   
,college of ,st4 ,mary's and            
,all-,saints1 commonly called ,lincoln  
,college1 in the ,university of         
,oxford1 do freely and willingly resign 
into the hands of the ,rector  and      
,fellows1 all the right and title that  
,i have in the said ,college1  wishing  
to them and their successors all peace1 
and piety1 and  happiness1 in the name  
of the ,father1 and of the ,son1 and of 
the ,holy  ,ghost4 ,amen4               
,,robert ,,sanderson4    ,may #f1 #afai4
    ,and not long after this            
resignation1 he was by the then ,bishop 
of  ,york1#aj or the ,king sede vacante1
 made ,prebend of the ,collegiate       
,church of ,southwell in that ,diocese2 

and shortly after of ,lincoln by  the   
,bishop of that ,see4    ,sidenote3     
,marriage    ,and being now resolved to 
set down his rest in a quiet privacy at 
,boothby ,pannell1 and looking back with
 some sadness upon his removal  from his
 general acquaintance left in ,oxford1  
and the peculiar  pleasures of a        
,university life2 he could not but think
 the want of  society would render this 
of a country ,parson the more           
uncomfortable1  by reason of that want  
of conversation2 and therefore he did   
put  on some faint purposes to marry4   
,for he had considered1 that though     
marriage be cumbered with more worldly  
care than a single life2 yet a          
complying and a prudent wife changes    
those very cares into so mutual a       
content1 as makes them become like the  
sufferings of ,st4 ,paul1 ,colos4  i4   
#bd1 which he would not have wanted     
because they occasioned his  rejoicing  
in them4 ,and he1 having well considered
 this1 and observed  the secret         

unutterable joys that children beget in 
parents1 and  the mutual pleasures and  
contented trouble of their daily care   
and  constant endeavours to bring up    
those little images of themselves1 so   
as to make them as happy as all those   
cares and endeavours can make  them3 he1
 having considered all this1 the hopes  
of such happiness  turned his faint     
purposes into a positive resolution to  
marry4 ,and he  was so happy as to      
obtain ,anne1 the daughter of ,henry    
,nelson1 ,bachelor  in ,divinity1 then  
,rector of ,haugham1 in the ,county of  
,lincoln1 a man  of noted worth and     
learning4 ,and the ,giver of all good   
things was so  good to him1 as to give  
him such a wife as was suitable to his  
own  desires2 a wife1 that made his life
 happy by being always content when  he 
was cheerful2 that divided her joys with
 him1 and abated of his  sorrow1 by     
bearing a part of that burden2 a wife   
that demonstrated her  affection by a   
cheerful obedience to all his desires1  

during the whole  course of his life2   
and at his death too1 for she outlived  
him4    ,sidenote3 ,a country parson    
,and in this ,boothby ,pannell1 he      
either found or made his parishioners   
peaceable1 and complying with him in the
 decent and regular service  of ,god4   
,and thus his ,parish1 his patron1 and  
he lived together in  a religious love  
and a contented quietness2 he not       
troubling their  thoughts by preaching  
high and useless notions1 but such plain
 truths  as were necessary to be known1 
believed and practised1 in order to     
their salvation4 ,and their assent to   
what he taught was testified by  such a 
conformity to his doctrine1 as declared 
they believed and loved  him4 ,for he   
would often say1 ,that1 without the     
last1 the most evident  truths--heard as
 from an enemy1 or an evil liver--either
 are not1 or  are at least the less     
effectual2 and do usually rather harden 
than  convince the hearer4    ,and this 
excellent man did not think his duty    

discharged by only  reading the ,church 
prayers1 catechising1 preaching1 and    
administering  the ,sacraments          
seasonably2 but thought--if the ,law or 
the ,canons may  seem to enjoin no      
more1--yet that ,god would require more1
 than the  defective laws of man's      
making can or do enjoin2 the performance
 of  that inward law1 which ,almighty   
,god hath imprinted in the conscience   
of all good ,christians1 and inclines   
those whom he loves to perform4  ,he1   
considering this1 did therefore become a
 law to himself1  practising what his   
conscience told him was his duty1 in    
reconciling  differences1 and preventing
 lawsuits1 both in his ,parish and in   
the  neighbourhood4 ,to which may be    
added his often visiting sick and       
disconsolate families1 persuading them  
to patience1 and raising them  from     
dejection by his advice and cheerful    
discourse1 and by adding  his own alms1 
if there were any so poor as to need it3
 considering how  acceptable it is to   

,almighty ,god1 when we do as we are    
advised by  ,st4 ,paul1 ,gal4 vi4 #b1   
,help to bear one another's burden1     
either of  sorrow or want3 and what a   
comfort it will be1 when the ,searcher  
of  all hearts shall call us to a strict
 account for that evil we have  done1   
and the good we have omitted1 to        
remember we have comforted and  been    
helpful to a dejected or distressed     
family4    ,sidenote3 ,the poor tenant  
,and that his practice was to do good1  
one example may be1 that he met  with a 
poor dejected neighbour1 that complained
 he had taken a meadow1  the rent of    
which was #il4 a year2 and when the hay 
was made ready  to be carried into his  
barn1 several days' constant rain had so
 raised  the water1 that a sudden flood 
carried all away1 and his rich ,landlord
  would bate him no rent2 and that      
unless he had half abated1 he and  seven
 children were utterly undone4 ,it may  
be noted1 that in this age  there are a 
sort of people so unlike the ,god of    

,mercy1 so void of the  bowels of pity1 
that they love only themselves and      
children3 love them  so1 as not to be   
concerned1 whether the rest of mankind  
waste their  days in sorrow or shame2   
people that are cursed with riches1 and 
a  mistake that nothing but riches can  
make them and their's happy4 ,but  it   
was not so with ,dr4 ,sanderson2 for he 
was concerned1 and spoke  comfortably to
 the poor dejected man2 bade him go home
 and pray1 and  not load himself with   
sorrow1 for he would go to his ,landlord
 next  morning2 and if his ,landlord    
would not abate what he desired1 he and 
a  friend would pay it for him4         
,sidenote3 ,the rich landlord           
,sidenote3 ,a successful mediator    ,to
 the ,landlord he went the next day1    
and1 in a conference1 the  ,doctor      
presented to him the sad condition of   
his poor dejected ,tenant2  telling him 
how much ,god is pleased when men       
compassionate the poor3  and told him1  
that though ,god loves sacrifice1 yet he

 loves mercy so  much better1 that he is
 pleased when called the ,god of ,mercy4
 ,and  told him1 the riches he was      
possessed of were given him by that ,god
 of  ,mercy1 who would not be pleased1  
if he1 that had so much given1  yea1 and
 forgiven him too1 should prove like the
 rich steward in the  ,gospel1 that took
 his fellow servant by the throat to    
make him pay  the utmost farthing4 ,this
 he told him3 and told him1 that the law
 of  this nation--by which law he claims
 his rent--does not undertake to  make  
men honest or merciful2 but does what it
 can to restrain men from  being        
dishonest or unmerciful1 and yet was    
defective in both3 and that  taking any 
rent from his poor ,tenant1 for what    
,god suffered him not to  enjoy1 though 
the law allowed him to do so1 yet if he 
did so1 he was  too like that rich      
,steward which he had mentioned to him2 
and told him  that riches so gotten1 and
 added to his great estate1 would1 as   
,job  says1 prove like gravel in his    

teeth3 would in time so corrode his     
conscience1 or become so nauseous when  
he lay upon his deathbed1 that  he would
 then labour to vomit it up1 and not be 
able3 and therefore  advised him1 being 
very rich1 to make friends of his       
unrighteous  ,mammon1 before that evil  
day come upon him3 but however1 neither 
for his own sake1 nor for ,god's sake1  
to take any rent of his poor1  dejected1
 sad ,tenant2 for that were to gain a   
temporal1 and lose his  eternal         
happiness4 ,these and other such reasons
 were urged with so  grave and          
compassionate an earnestness1 that the  
,landlord forgave his  ,tenant the whole
 rent4    ,the ,reader will easily      
believe that ,dr4 ,sanderson1 who was so
 meek and  merciful1 did suddenly and   
gladly carry this comfortable news to   
the  dejected ,tenant2 and we believe1  
that at the telling of it there was     
mutual rejoicing4 ,it was one of ,job's 
boasts1 that he had seen none  perish   
for want of clothing3 and that he had   

often made the heart of  the widow to   
rejoice4 ,job xxxi4 #ai4 ,and doubtless 
,dr4 ,sanderson  might have made the    
same religious boast of this and very   
many like  occasions4 ,but1 since he did
 not1 ,i rejoice that ,i have this just 
occasion to do it for him2 and that ,i  
can tell the ,reader1 ,i might  tire    
myself and him1 in telling how like the 
whole course of ,dr4  ,sanderson's life 
was to this which ,i have now related4  
,sidenote3 ,contented obscurity    ,thus
 he went on in an obscure and quiet     
privacy1 doing good daily both  by word 
and by deed1 as often as any occasion   
offered itself2 yet not  so obscurely1  
but that his very great learning1       
prudence1 and piety  were much noted and
 valued by the ,bishop of his ,diocese1 
and by most  of the nobility and gentry 
of that county4 ,by the first of which  
he was often summoned to preach many    
,visitation ,sermons1 and by the  latter
 at many ,assizes4 ,which ,sermons1     
though they were much esteemed  by them 

that procured1 and were fit to judge    
them2 yet they were the  less valued1   
because he read them1 which he was      
forced to do2 for  though he had an     
extraordinary memory1--even the art of  
it1--yet he  had such an innate         
invincible fear and bashfulness1 that   
his memory  was wholly useless1 as to   
the repetition of his sermons as he had 
writ  them2 which gave occasion to say1 
when they were first printed and        
exposed to censure1 which was in the    
year #afcb1--that the best  ,sermons    
that were ever read1 were never         
preached4    ,sidenote3 ,chaplain to    
,charles ,i4    ,in this contented      
obscurity he continued1 till the learned
 and good  ,archbishop ,laud1#aa who    
knew him well in ,oxford1--for he was   
his contemporary there1--told the       
,king1--'twas the knowing and           
conscientious ,king ,charles the        
,first1--that there was one ,mr4        
,sanderson1 an obscure country          
,minister1 that was of such sincerity1  

and so excellent in all casuistical     
learning1 that he desired  his ,majesty 
would make him his ,chaplain4 ,the ,king
 granted it most  willingly1 and gave   
the ,bishop charge to hasten it1 for he 
longed to  discourse with a man that had
 dedicated his studies to that useful   
part of learning4 ,the ,bishop forgot   
not the ,king's desire1 and ,mr4        
,sanderson was made his ,chaplain in    
,ordinary in ,november following1       
#afca4 ,and when they became known to   
each other1 the ,king did put many      
,cases of ,conscience to him1 and       
received from him such deliberate1      
safe1 and clear solutions1 as gave him  
great content in conversing  with him2  
so that1 at the end of his month's      
attendance1 the ,king told  him1 he     
should long for the next ,november2 for 
he resolved to have a  more inward      
acquaintance with him1 when that month  
and he returned4  ,and when the month   
and he did return1 the good ,king was   
never absent  from his ,sermons1 and    

would usually say1 ,i carry my ears to  
hear  other preachers2 but ,i carry my  
conscience to hear ,mr4 ,sanderson1  and
 to act accordingly4 ,and this ought not
 to be concealed from  posterity1 that  
the ,king thought what he spake2 for he 
took him to be  his adviser1 in that    
quiet part of his life1 and he proved to
 be his  comforter in those days of his 
affliction1 when he apprehended himself 
to be in danger of death or deposing4   
,of which more hereafter4    ,sidenote3 
,clerk of the ,convocation    ,in the   
first ,parliament of this good          
,king1--which was #afbe1--;he was       
chosen to be a ,clerk of the            
,convocation for the ,diocese of        
,lincoln2  which ,i here mention1       
because about that time did arise many  
disputes  about ,predestination1 and the
 many critical points that depend upon1 
or are interwoven in it2 occasioned1 as 
was said1 by a disquisition of  new     
principles of ,mr4 ,calvin's1 though    
others say they were before  his time4  

,but of these ,dr4 ,sanderson then drew 
up1 for his own  satisfaction1 such a   
scheme--he called it ,pax ,ecclesi--as  
then gave  himself1 and hath since given
 others1 such satisfaction1 that it     
still  remains to be of great estimation
 among the most learned4 ,he was also   
chosen ,clerk of all the ,convocations  
during that good ,king's reign4  ,which 
,i here tell my ,reader1 because ,i     
shall hereafter have occasion  to       
mention that ,convocation in #afdj1 the 
unhappy ,long ,parliament1  and some    
debates of the ,predestination points as
 they have been since  charitably       
handled betwixt him1 the learned ,dr4   
,hammond1#ab and ,dr4  ,pierce1#ac the  
now ,reverend ,dean of ,salisbury4      
,sidenote3 ,d4,d4    ,in the year #afcf1
 his ,majesty1 then in his progress1    
took a fair  occasion to visit ,oxford1 
and to take an entertainment for two    
days  for himself and honourable        
attendants2 which the ,reader ought to  
believe was suitable to their dignities4

 ,but this is mentioned1  because at the
 ,king's coming thither1 ,dr4 ,sanderson
 did attend him1  and was then--the     
#cast of ,august--created ,doctor of    
,divinity2 which  honour had an addition
 to it1 by having many of the ,nobility 
of this  nation then made ,doctors and  
,masters of ,arts with him2 some of     
whose  names shall be recorded and live 
with his1 and none shall outlive it4    
,first1 ,dr4 ,curle and ,dr4 ,wren1#ad  
who were then ,bishops of ,winton and   
of ,norwich1--and had formerly taken    
their degrees in ,cambridge1  were with 
him created ,doctors of ,divinity in his
 ,university4 ,so was  ,meric1#ae the   
son of the learned ,isaac ,casaubon2 and
 ,prince ,rupert1  who still lives1 the 
then ,duke of ,lenox1 ,earl of          
,hereford1 ,earl of  ,essex1 of         
,berkshire1 and very many others of     
noble birth--too many to  be named--were
 then created ,masters of ,arts4        
,sidenote3 ,the ,new ,covenant          
,sidenote3 ,what followed    ,some years

 before the unhappy ,long ,parliament1  
this nation being then  happy and in    
peace1--though inwardly sick of being   
well1--namely1 in  the year #afci1 a    
discontented party of the ,scots ,church
 were zealously  restless for another   
reformation of their ,kirk-government2  
and to  that end created a new          
,covenant1 for the general taking of    
which  they pretended to petition the   
,king for his assent1 and that he would 
enjoin the taking of it by all of that  
nation4 ,but this petition was  not to  
be presented to him by a committee of   
eight or ten men of their  fraternity2  
but by so many thousands1 and they so   
armed as seemed  to force an assent to  
what they seemed to request2 so that    
though  forbidden by the ,king1 yet they
 entered ,england1 and in the heat of   
zeal took and plundered ,newcastle1     
where the ,king was forced to meet  them
 with an army3 but upon a treaty and    
some concessions1 he sent  them         
back1--though not so rich as they       

intended1 yet1--for that time1  without 
bloodshed4 ,but1 ,oh6 this peace1 and   
this ,covenant1 were but  the           
fore-runners of war1 and the many       
miseries that followed3 for in  the year
 following there were so many chosen    
into the ,long ,parliament1  that were  
of a conjunct council with these very   
zealous and as  factious reformers1 as  
begot such a confusion by the several   
desires  and designs in many of the     
members of that ,parliament1 and at last
  in the very common people of this     
nation1 that they were so lost by       
contrary designs1 fears1 and confusions1
 as to believe the ,scots and  their    
,covenant would restore them to their   
former tranquillity4 ,and to  that end  
the ,presbyterian party of this nation  
did again1 in the year  #afdc1 invite   
the ,scotch ,covenanters back into      
,england3 and hither they  came marching
 with it gloriously upon their pikes and
 in their hats1  with this motto3 ,for  
the ,crown and ,covenant of both        

,kingdoms4 ,this  ,i saw1 and suffered  
by it4 ,but when ,i look back upon the  
ruin of  families1 the bloodshed1 the   
decay of common honesty1 and how the    
former piety and plain dealing of this  
now sinful nation is turned  into       
cruelty and cunning1 ,i praise ,god that
 he prevented me from being  of that    
party which helped to bring in this     
,covenant1 and those sad  confusions    
that have followed it4 ,and ,i have been
 the bolder to say  this to myself1     
because in a sad discourse with ,dr4    
,sanderson1 ,i heard  him make the like 
grateful acknowledgment4    ,sidenote3  
,changes in the ,service ,book    ,this 
digression is intended for the better   
information of the reader  in what will 
follow concerning ,dr4 ,sanderson4 ,and 
first1 that the  ,covenanters of this   
nation1 and their party in ,parliament1 
made many  exceptions against the       
,common ,prayer and ceremonies of the   
,church1 and  seemed restless for a     
,reformation3 and though their desires  

seemed not  reasonable to the ,king1 and
 the learned ,dr4 ,laud1 then           
,archbishop  of ,canterbury2 yet1 to    
quiet their consciences1 and prevent    
future  confusion1 they did1 in the year
 #afda1 desire ,dr4 ,sanderson to call  
two more of the ,convocation to advise  
with him1 and that he would  then draw  
up some such safe alterations as he     
thought fit in the  ,service-book1 and  
abate some of the ceremonies that were  
least  material for satisfying their    
consciences3--and to this end they did  
meet together privately twice a week at 
the ,dean of ,westminster's#af  house1  
for the space of three months or more4  
,but not long after that  time1 when    
,dr4 ,sanderson had made the reformation
 ready for a view1  the ,church and     
,state were both fallen into such a     
confusion1 that ,dr4  ,sanderson's model
 for reformation became then useless4   
,nevertheless1  his reputation was such1
 that he was1 in the year #afdb1        
proposed by  both ,houses of ,parliament

 to the ,king1 then in ,oxford1 to be   
one of  their trustees for the settling 
of ,church-affairs1 and was allowed of  
by the ,king to be so3 but that treaty  
came to nothing4    ,sidenote3 ,regius  
,professor of ,divinity    ,in the year 
#afdc1 the two ,houses of ,parliament   
took upon them to make  an ordinance1   
and call an ,assembly of ,divines1 to   
debate and settle  some                 
,church-controversies1 of which many    
were very unfit to judge2 in  which ,dr4
 ,sanderson was also named1 but did not 
appear2 ,i suppose for  the same reason 
that many other worthy and learned men  
did forbear1  the summons wanting the   
,king's authority4 ,and here ,i must    
look back1  and tell the ,reader1 that  
in the year #afdb1 he was1 ,july #bast1 
named  by a more undoubted authority to 
a more noble employment1 which was  to  
be ,professor ,regius of ,divinity in   
,oxford3 but1 though knowledge be  said 
to puff up1 yet his modesty and too mean
 an opinion of his great  abilities1 and

 some other real or pretended           
reasons1--expressed in his  speech1 when
 he first appeared in the chair1 and    
since printed1--kept  him from entering 
into it till ,october1 #afdf4           
,sidenote3 ,his lectures    ,he did1 for
 about a year's time1 continue to read  
his matchless  ,lectures1 which were    
first de ,juramento1 a point very       
difficult1 and  at that time very       
dangerous to be handled as it ought to  
be4 ,but this  learned man1 as he was   
eminently furnished with abilities to   
satisfy  the consciences of men upon    
that important subject2 so he wanted not
  courage to assert the true obligation 
of ,oaths in a degenerate age1  when men
 had made perjury a main part of their  
religion4 ,how much  the learned world  
stands obliged to him for these1 and his
 following  ,lectures de ,conscienti1 ,i
 shall not attempt to declare1 as  being
 very sensible that the best pens must  
needs fall short in the  commendation of
 them3 so that ,i shall only add1 that  

they continued  to this day1 and will do
 for ever1 as a complete standard for   
the  resolution of the most material    
doubts in ,casuistical ,divinity4 ,and  
therefore ,i proceed to tell the        
,reader1 that about the time of his     
reading those ,lectures1--the ,king     
being then prisoner in the ,isle of     
,wight1--the ,parliament had sent the   
,covenant1 the ,negative ,oath1 and  ,i 
know not what more1 to be taken by the  
,doctor of the ,chair1 and  all ,heads  
of ,houses2 and all other inferior      
,scholars1 of what degree  soever1 were 
all to take these ,oaths by a fixed day2
 and those that  did not1 to abandon    
their ,college1 and the ,university too1
 within  twenty-four hours after the    
beating of a drum2 for if they remained 
longer1 they were to be proceeded       
against as spies4    ,dr4 ,laud1 then   
,archbishop of ,canterbury1 the ,earl of
 ,strafford1 and  many others1 had been 
formerly murdered by this wicked        
,parliament2 but  the ,king yet was not3

 and the ,university had yet some faint 
hopes that  in a ,treaty then in being1 
or pretended to be suddenly1 there might
  be such an agreement made between     
,king and ,parliament1 that the         
,dissenters in the ,university might    
both preserve their consciences and     
subsistence which they then enjoyed by  
their ,colleges4    ,sidenote3 ,a       
mistaken hope    ,sidenote3 ,manifesto  
to ,parliament4    ,and being possessed 
of this mistaken hope1 that the         
,parliament were  not yet grown so      
merciless as not to allow manifest      
reason for their  not submitting to the 
enjoined ,oaths1 the ,university        
appointed  twenty delegates to meet1    
consider1 and draw up a ,manifesto to   
the  ,parliament1 why they could not    
take those oaths but by violation  of   
their consciences3 and of these         
delegates ,dr4 ,sheldon1--late          
,archbishop of ,canterbury1--,dr4       
,hammond1--,dr4 ,sanderson1 ,dr4        
,morley1--now ,bishop of                

,winchester1--and that most honest and  
as  judicious ,civil ,lawyer1 ,dr4      
,zouch1#ag were a part2 the rest ,i     
cannot  now name3 but the whole number  
of the delegates requested ,dr4 ,zouch  
to draw up the ,law part1 and give it to
 ,dr4 ,sanderson3 and he was  requested 
to methodise and add what referred to   
reason and conscience1  and put it into 
form4 ,he yielded to their desires and  
did so4 ,and  then1 after they had been 
read in a full ,convocation1 and allowed
 of1  they were printed in ,latin1 that 
the ,parliament's proceedings and the   
,university's sufferings might be       
manifested to all nations3 and the      
imposers of these oaths might repent1 or
 answer them3 but they were  past the   
first2 and for the latter1 ,i might     
swear they neither can1  nor ever will4 
,and these ,reasons were also suddenly  
turned into  ,english by ,dr4           
,sanderson1 that those of these three   
kingdoms might the  better judge of the 
loyal party's sufferings4    ,sidenote3 

,cases of ,conscience    ,sidenote3 ,the
 ,king's errors    ,sidenote3           
,translation of ,de ,juramento    ,about
 this time the ,independents--who were  
then grown to be the most  powerful part
 of the army--had taken the ,king from a
 close to a  more large imprisonment2   
and1 by their own pretences to liberty  
of  conscience1 were obliged to allow   
somewhat of that to the ,king1  who had1
 in the year #afdf1 sent for ,dr4       
,sanderson1 ,dr4 ,hammond1 ,dr4         
,sheldon1--the late ,archbishop of      
,canterbury1--and ,dr4 ,morley1--the now
  ,bishop of ,winchester1--to attend    
him1 in order to advise with them1  how 
far he might with a good conscience     
comply with the proposals of  the       
,parliament for a peace in ,church and  
,state3 but these1 having been  then    
denied him by the ,presbyterian         
,parliament1 were now allowed  him by   
those in present power4 ,and as those   
other ,divines1 so ,dr4  ,sanderson gave
 his attendance on his ,majesty also in 

the ,isle of  ,wight1 preached there    
before him1 and had in that attendance  
many1  both public and private1         
conferences with him1 to his ,majesty's 
great  satisfaction4 ,at which time he  
desired ,dr4 ,sanderson1 that1 being the
  ,parliament had proposed to him the   
abolishing of ,episcopal ,government  in
 the ,church1 as inconsistent with      
,monarchy1 that he would consider  of   
it2 and declare his judgment4 ,he       
undertook to do so1 and did it2  but it 
might not be printed till our ,king's   
happy ,restoration1 and  then it was4   
,and at ,dr4 ,sanderson's taking his    
leave of his ,majesty in  his last      
attendance on him1 the ,king requested  
him to betake himself  to the writing   
,cases of ,conscience for the good of   
posterity4 ,to which  his answer was1   
,that he was now grown old1 and unfit to
 write ,cases  of ,conscience4 ,but the 
,king was so bold with him as to say1   
,it was  the simplest answer he ever    
heard from ,dr4 ,sanderson2 for no young

 man  was fit to be a judge1 or write   
,cases of ,conscience4 ,and let me here 
take occasion to tell the ,reader this  
truth1 not commonly known2  that in one 
of these conferences this conscientious 
,king told ,dr4  ,sanderson1 or one of  
them that then waited with him1 that the
  remembrance of two errors did much    
afflict him2 which were1 his assent  to 
the ,earl of ,strafford's death1 and the
 abolishing ,episcopacy in  ,scotland2  
and that if ,god ever restored him to be
 in a peaceable  possession of his      
,crown1 he would demonstrate his        
repentance by a  public confession1 and 
a voluntary penance1--,i think          
barefoot--from  the ,tower of ,london1  
or ,whitehall1 to ,st4 ,paul's ,church1 
and desire  the people to intercede with
 ,god for his pardon4 ,i am sure one of 
them  that told it me lives still1 and  
will witness it4 ,and it ought to  be   
observed1 that ,dr4 ,sanderson's        
,lectures de ,juramento were so         
approved and valued by the ,king1 that  

in this time of his imprisonment  and   
solitude he translated them into exact  
,english2 desiring ,dr4                 
,juxon1#ah--then ,bishop of             
,london1--,dr4 ,hammond1 and ,sir       
,thomas  ,herbert1#ai who then attended 
him1--to compare them with the          
original4 ,the last still lives1 and has
 declared it1 with some other  of that  
,king's excellencies1 in a letter under 
his own hand1 which was  lately shewed  
me by ,sir ,william ,dugdale1 ,king at  
,arms4 ,the book was  designed to be put
 into the ,king's ,library at ,st4      
,james's2 but1 ,i  doubt1 not now to be 
found there4 ,i thought the honour of   
the ,author  and the ,translator to be  
both so much concerned in this relation1
 that  it ought not to be concealed from
 the ,reader1 and 'tis therefore here   
inserted4    ,sidenote3 ,expelled from  
,oxford    ,i now return to ,dr4        
,sanderson in the ,chair in ,oxford2    
where they that  complied not in taking 
the ,covenant1 ,negative ,oath1 and     

,parliament  ,ordinance for             
,church-discipline and worship1 were    
under a sad and  daily apprehension of  
expulsion3 for the ,visitors were daily 
expected1  and both ,city and           
,university full of soldiers1 and a     
party of  ,presbyterian ,divines1 that  
were as greedy and ready to possess1 as 
the  ignorant and ill-natured ,visitors 
were to eject the ,dissenters out of    
their ,colleges and livelihoods3 but1   
notwithstanding1 ,dr4 ,sanderson  did   
still continue to read his ,lecture1 and
 did1 to the very faces of  those       
,presbyterian ,divines and soldiers1    
read with so much reason1 and  with a   
calm fortitude make such applications1  
as1 if they were not1  they ought to    
have been ashamed1 and begged pardon of 
,god and him1  and forborne to do what  
followed4 ,but these thriving sinners   
were  hardened2 and1 as the ,visitors   
expelled the ,orthodox1 they1 without   
scruple or shame1 possessed themselves  
of their ,colleges2 so that1  with the  

rest1 ,dr4 ,sanderson was in ,june1     
#afdh1 forced to pack up and  be gone1  
and thank ,god he was not imprisoned1 as
 ,dr4 ,sheldon1 and ,dr4  ,hammond1 and 
others then were4    ,sidenote3 ,dr4    
,morley    ,sidenote3 ,his fortitude    
,i must now again look back to ,oxford1 
and tell my ,reader1 that the  year     
before this expulsion1 when the         
,university had denied this             
subscription1 and apprehended the danger
 of that visitation which  followed1    
they sent ,dr4 ,morley1 then ,canon of  
,christ ,church1--now  ,lord ,bishop of 
,winchester1--and others1 to petition   
the ,parliament for  recalling the      
injunction1 or a mitigation of it1 or   
accept of their  reasons why they could 
not take the ,oaths enjoined them2 and  
the  petition was by ,parliament        
referred to a committee to hear and     
report  the reasons to the ,house1 and a
 day set for hearing them4 ,this done1  
,dr4 ,morley and the rest went to inform
 and fee ,counsel1 to plead their  cause

 on the day appointed2 but there had    
been so many committed  for pleading1   
that none durst undertake it2 for at    
this time the  privileges of that       
,parliament were become a ,noli me      
tangere1 as  sacred and useful to them1 
as traditions ever were1 or are now1 to 
the  ,church of ,rome2 their number must
 never be known1 and therefore not      
without danger to be meddled with4 ,for 
which reason ,dr4 ,morley was  forced1  
for want of ,counsel1 to plead the      
,university's ,reasons for              
non-compliance with the ,parliament's   
injunctions3 and though this was  done  
with great reason1 and a boldness equal 
to the justice of his  cause2 yet the   
effect of it was1 but that he and the   
rest appearing  with him were so        
fortunate as to return to ,oxford       
without commitment4  ,this was some few 
days before the ,visitors and more      
soldiers were sent  down to drive the   
,dissenters out of the ,university4 ,and
 one that  was1 at this time of ,dr4    

,morley's pleading1 a powerful man in   
the ,parliament1#bj and of that         
committee1 observing ,dr4 ,morley's     
behaviour and reason1 and inquiring of  
him and hearing a good report  of his   
morals1 was therefore willing to afford 
him a peculiar favour2  and1 that he    
might express it1 sent for me that      
relate this story1 and  knew ,dr4       
,morley well1 and told me1 he had such a
 love for ,dr4 ,morley1  that knowing he
 would not take the ,oaths1 and must    
therefore be  ejected his ,college1 and 
leave ,oxford2 he desired ,i would      
therefore  write to him to ride out of  
,oxford1 when the ,visitors came into   
it1  and not return till they left it1  
and he should be sure then to  return in
 safety2 and that he should1 without    
taking any ,oath or other  molestation1 
enjoy his ,canon's place in his         
,college4 ,i did receive  this intended 
kindness with a sudden gladness1 because
 ,i was sure  the party had a power1 and
 as sure he meant to perform it1 and did

  therefore write the ,doctor word3 and 
his answer was1 that ,i must  not fail  
to return my friend1--who still         
lives1--his humble and  undissembled    
thanks1 though he could not accept of   
his intended  kindness2 for when the    
,dean1 ,dr4 ,gardner1 ,dr4 ,paine1 ,dr4 
,hammond1 ,dr4  ,sanderson and all the  
rest of the ,college were turned out1   
except ,dr4  ,wall1#ba he should take it
 to be1 if not a sin1 yet a shame1 to be
  left behind with him only4 ,dr4 ,wall 
,i knew1 and will speak nothing of  him1
 for he is dead4    ,sidenote3 ,matters 
in ,london    ,it may easily be         
imagined1 with what a joyful willingness
 these  self-loving reformers took      
possession of all vacant preferments1   
and  with what reluctance others parted 
with their beloved ,colleges and        
subsistence2 but their consciences were 
dearer than their subsistence1  and out 
they went2 the reformers possessing them
 without shame or  scruple3 where ,i    
leave these scruple-mongers1 and make an

 account of  the then present affairs of
 ,london1 to be the next employment of  
my  ,reader's patience4    ,and in      
,london all the ,bishops' houses were   
turned to be prisons1 and  they filled  
with ,divines1 that would not take the  
,covenant1 or forbear  reading ,common  
,prayer1 or that were accused for some  
faults like  these4 ,for it may be      
noted1 that about this time the         
,parliament set  out a proclamation1 to 
encourage all laymen that had occasion  
to  complain of their ,ministers for    
being troublesome or scandalous1 or     
that conformed not to ,orders of        
,parliament1 to make their complaint to 
a committee for that purpose2 and the   
,minister1 though a hundred  miles from 
,london1 should appear there1 and give  
satisfaction1 or be  sequestered2--and  
you may be sure no ,parish could want a 
covetous1 or  malicious1 or             
cross-grained complaint2--by which means
 all prisons  in ,london1 and in some   
other places1 became the sad habitations

 of  conforming ,divines4    ,and about 
this time the ,bishop of ,canterbury    
having been by an unknown  law condemned
 to die1 and the execution suspended for
 some days1 many  of the malicious      
citizens1 fearing his pardon1 shut up   
their shops1  professing not to open    
them till justice was executed4 ,this   
malice and  madness is scarce credible2 
but ,i saw it4    ,sidenote3 ,mr4       
,thomas ,brightman    ,the ,bishops had 
been voted out of the ,house of         
,parliament1 and some  upon that        
occasion sent to the ,tower2 which made 
many ,covenanters  rejoice1 and believe 
,mr4 ,brightman#bb--who probably was a  
good and  well-meaning man--to be       
inspired in his ,comment on the         
,apocalypse1  an abridgment of which was
 now printed1 and called ,mr4           
,brightman's  ,revelation of the        
,revelation4 ,and though he was grossly 
mistaken  in other things1 yet1 because 
he had made the ,churches of ,geneva and
  ,scotland1 which had no ,bishops1 to  

be ,philadelphia in the ,apocalypse1    
the ,angel that ,god loved2 ,rev4 iii4  
#g-ac1 and the power of ,prelacy to  be 
,antichrist1 the evil ,angel1 which the 
,house of ,commons had now  so spewed   
up1 as never to recover their dignity2  
therefore did those  ,covenanters       
approve and applaud ,mr4 ,brightman for 
discovering and  foretelling the        
,bishops' downfall2 so that they both   
railed at them1  and rejoiced to buy    
good pennyworths of their land1 which   
their  friends of the ,house of ,commons
 did afford them1 as a reward of their  
diligent assistance to pull them down4  
,sidenote3 ,contentions    ,and the     
,bishops' power being now vacated1 the  
common people were made  so happy1 as   
every ,parish might choose their own    
,minister1 and tell  him when he did1   
and when he did not1 preach true        
doctrine3 and by  this and like means1  
several ,churches had several teachers1 
that  prayed and preached for and       
against one another3 and engaged their  

hearers to contend furiously for truths 
which they understood not2  some of     
which ,i shall mention in the discourse 
that follows4    ,sidenote3 and         
contradictions    ,i have heard of two  
men1 that in their discourse undertook  
to give a  character of a third person3 
and one concluded he was a very honest  
man1 for he was beholden to him2 and the
 other1 that he was not1  for he was not
 beholden to him4 ,and something like   
this was in the  designs both of the    
,covenanters and ,independents1 the last
 of which  were now grown both as       
numerous and as powerful as the former3 
for  though they differed much in many  
principles1 and preached against  each  
other1 one making it a sign of being in 
the state of grace1 if we  were but     
zealous for the ,covenant2 and the      
other1 that we ought to buy  and sell by
 a measure1 and to allow the same       
liberty of conscience to  others1 which 
we by ,scripture claim to ourselves2 and
 therefore not  to force any to swear   

the ,covenant contrary to their         
consciences1 and  lose both their       
livings and liberties too4 ,though these
 differed thus  in their conclusions1   
yet they both agreed in their practice  
to preach  down ,common ,prayer1 and get
 into the best sequestered livings2 and 
whatever became of the true owners1     
their wives and children1 yet to        
continue in them without the least      
scruple of conscience4    ,they also    
made other strange observations of      
,election1 ,reprobation1  and ,free     
,will1 and the other points dependent   
upon these2 such as the  wisest of the  
common people were not fit to judge of2 
,i am sure ,i am  not3 though ,i must   
mention some of them historically in a  
more proper  place1 when ,i have brought
 my ,reader with me to ,dr4 ,sanderson  
at  ,boothby ,pannell4    ,and in the   
way thither ,i must tell him1 that a    
very ,covenanter1 and a  ,scot too1 that
 came into ,england with this unhappy   
,covenant1 was got  into a good         

sequestered living by the help of a     
,presbyterian ,parish1  which had got   
the true owner out4 ,and this ,scotch   
,presbyterian1 being  well settled in   
this good living1 began to reform the   
,churchyard1  by cutting down a large   
yew-tree1 and some other trees that were
 an  ornament to the place1 and very    
often a shelter to the parishioners2    
who1 excepting against him for so doing1
 were answered1 ,that the  trees were   
his1 and 'twas lawful for every man to  
use his own1 as he1  and not as they    
thought fit4 ,i have heard1 but do not  
affirm it1  that no action lies against 
him that is so wicked as to steal the   
winding-sheet of a dead body after it is
 buried2 and have heard the  reason to  
be1 because none were supposed to be so 
void of humanity2  and that such a law  
would vilify that nation that would but 
suppose so  vile a man to be born in it3
 nor would one suppose any man to do    
what  this ,covenanter did4 ,and whether
 there were any law against him1 ,i     

know not2 but pity the ,parish the less 
for turning out their legal  ,minister4 
,sidenote3 ,boothby again    ,we have   
now overtaken ,dr4 ,sanderson at        
,boothby ,parish1 where he hoped  to    
enjoy himself though in a poor1 yet in a
 quiet and desired privacy2  but it     
proved otherwise3 for all corners of the
 nation were filled  with ,covenanters1 
confusion1 ,committee-men1 and soldiers1
 serving  each other to their several   
ends1 of revenge1 or power1 or profit3  
and  these ,committee-men and soldiers  
were most of them so possessed with     
this ,covenant1 that they became like   
those that were infected with  that     
dreadful ,plague of ,athens2 the plague 
of which ,plague was1 that  they by it  
became maliciously restless to get into 
company1 and to  joy1--so the ,historian
 saith1--when they had infected others1 
even  those of their most beloved or    
nearest friends or relations3#bc and    
though there might be some of these     
,covenanters that were beguiled and     

meant well2 yet such were the generality
 of them1 and temper of  the times1 that
 you may be sure ,dr4 ,sanderson1 who   
though quiet  and harmless1 yet an      
eminent dissenter from them1 could not  
live  peaceably2 nor did he3 for the    
soldiers would appear1 and visibly      
disturb him in the ,church when he read 
prayers1 pretending to advise  him how  
,god was to be served most acceptably3  
which he not approving1  but continuing 
to observe order and decent behaviour in
 reading the  ,church-service1 they     
forced his book from him1 and tore it1  
expecting  extemporary prayers4    ,at  
this time he was advised by a           
,parliament man of power and note1  that
 valued and loved him much1 not to be   
strict in reading all the  ,common      
,prayer1 but make some little variation1
 especially if the  soldiers came to    
watch him2 for then it might not be in  
the power of  him and his other friends 
to secure him from taking the ,covenant1
 or  ,sequestration3 for which reasons  

he did vary somewhat from the strict    
rules of the ,rubric4 ,i will set down  
the very words of confession  which he  
used1 as ,i have it under his own hand2 
and tell the ,reader1  that all his     
other variations were as little1 and    
much like to this4    ,sidenote3 ,a     
,confession    ,,his ,,confession4    ,o
 ,almighty ,god and merciful ,father1   
we1 thy unworthy servants1 do  with     
shame and sorrow confess1 that we have  
all our life long gone  astray out of   
thy ways like lost sheep2 and that1 by  
following  too much the vain devices and
 desires of our own hearts1 we have     
grievously offended against thy holy    
laws1 both in thought1 word1 and  deed2 
we have many times left undone those    
good duties which we might  and ought to
 have done2 and we have many times done 
those evils1  when we might have avoided
 them1 which we ought not to have done4 
,we confess1 ,o ,lord6 that there is no 
health at all1 nor help in  any creature
 to relieve us2 but all our hope is in  

thy mercy1 whose  justice we have by our
 sins so far provoked4 ,have mercy      
therefore upon  us1 ,o ,lord6 have mercy
 upon us miserable offenders3 spare us1 
good  ,god1 who confess our faults1 that
 we perish not2 but1 according to  thy  
gracious promises declared unto mankind 
in ,christ ,jesus our ,lord1  restore us
 upon our true repentance into thy grace
 and favour4 ,and  grant1 ,o most       
merciful ,father6 for his sake1 that we 
henceforth study  to serve and please   
thee by leading a godly1 righteous1 and 
a sober  life1 to the glory of thy holy 
name1 and the eternal comfort of our    
own souls1 through ,jesus ,christ our   
,lord4    ,amen4    ,sidenote3 ,wise    
submission    ,in these disturbances of 
tearing his servicebook1 a neighbour    
came on  a ,sunday1 after the ,evening  
service was ended1 to visit and condole 
with him for the affront offered by the 
soldiers4 ,to whom he spake  with a     
composed patience1 and said2 ,god hath  
restored me to my  desired privacy1 with

 my wife and children2 where ,i hoped to
 have met  with quietness1 and it proves
 not so3 but ,i will labour to be       
pleased1  because ,god1 on whom ,i      
depend1 sees it is not fit for me to be 
quiet4  ,i praise him1 that he hath by  
his grace prevented me from making      
shipwreck of a good conscience to       
maintain me in a place of great         
reputation and profit3 and though my    
condition be such1 that ,i need  the    
last1 yet ,i submit2 for ,god did not   
send me into this world to do  my own1  
but suffer his will1 and ,i will obey   
it4 ,thus by a sublime  depending on his
 wise1 and powerful1 and pitiful        
,creator1 he did  cheerfully submit to  
what ,god had appointed1 justifying the 
truth of  that doctrine which he had    
preached4    ,about this time that      
excellent book of ,the ,king's          
,meditations in his  ,solitude was      
printed1 and made public2 and ,dr4      
,sanderson was such a  lover of the     
,author1 and so desirous that the whole 

world should see  the character of him  
in that book1 and something of the cause
 for  which they suffered1 that he      
designed to turn it into ,latin3 but    
when he had done half of it most        
excellently1 his friend ,dr4 ,earle     
prevented him1 by appearing to have done
 the whole very well before  him4       
,sidenote3 ,preaching without book      
,about this time his dear and most      
intimate friend1 the learned ,dr4       
,hammond1 came to enjoy a conversation  
and rest with him for some days2  and   
did so4 ,and having formerly persuaded  
him to trust his excellent  memory1 and 
not read1 but try to speak a sermon as  
he had writ it1 ,dr4  ,sanderson became 
so compliant1 as to promise he would4   
,and to that end  they two went early   
the ,sunday following to a neighbour    
,minister1  and requested to exchange a 
sermon2 and they did so4 ,and at ,dr4   
,sanderson's going into the pulpit1 he  
gave his sermon--which was a  very short
 one--into the hand of ,dr4 ,hammond1   

intending to preach  it as it was writ3 
but before he had preached a third part1
 ,dr4  ,hammond1--looking on his sermon 
as written1--observed him to be out1    
and so lost as to the matter1 that he   
also became afraid for him3 for  'twas  
discernible to many of the plain        
auditory4 ,but when he had ended  this  
short sermon1 as they two walked        
homeward1 ,dr4 ,sanderson said  with    
much earnestness1 ,good ,doctor1 give me
 my sermon2 and know1 that  neither you 
nor any man living1 shall ever persuade 
me to preach again  without my books4   
,to which the reply was1 ,good ,doctor1 
be not angry3  for if ,i ever persuade  
you to preach again without book1 ,i    
will give  you leave to burn all those  
that ,i am master of4    ,part of the   
occasion of ,dr4 ,hammond's visit1 was  
at this time to  discourse with ,dr4    
,sanderson about some opinions1 in      
which1 if they  did not then1 they had  
doubtless differed formerly2 it was     
about those  knotty points1 which are by

 the learned called the ,quinquarticular
  ,controversy2 of which ,i shall       
proceed1 not to give any judgment1--,i  
pretend not to that1--but some short    
historical account which shall  follow4 
,sidenote3 ,liberties of doctrine       
,there had been1 since the unhappy      
,covenant was brought and so  generally 
taken in ,england1 a liberty given or   
taken by many  ,preachers--those those  
of ,london especially--to preach and be 
too  positive in the points of          
,universal ,redemption1 ,predestination1
 and  those other depending upon these4 
,some of which preached1 ,that  all men 
were1 before they came into this world1 
so predestinated to  salvation or       
damnation1 that it was not in their     
power to sin so1 as  to lose the first1 
nor by their most diligent endeavour to 
avoid the  latter4 ,others1 that it was 
not so3 because then ,god could not be  
said  to grieve for the death of a      
sinner1 when he himself had made him  so
 by an inevitable decree1 before he had 

so much as a being in this  world2      
affirming therefore1 that man had some  
power left him to do  the will of ,god1 
because he was advised to work out his  
salvation with  fear and trembling2     
maintaining1 that it is most certain    
every man  can do what he can to be     
saved2 and that he that does what he can
  to be saved1 shall never be damned4   
,and yet many that affirmed this  would 
confess1 ,that that grace1 which is but 
a persuasive offer1 and  left to us to  
receive1 or refuse1 is not that grace   
which shall bring  men to ,heaven4      
,which truths1 or untruths1 or both1 be 
they which they  will1 did upon these1  
or the like occasions1 come to be       
searched into1  and charitably debated  
betwixt ,dr4 ,sanderson1 ,dr4 ,hammond1 
and ,dr4  ,pierce1--the now ,reverend   
,dean of ,salisbury1--of which ,i shall 
proceed  to give some account1 but      
briefly4    ,sidenote3 ,a charitable    
disquisition    ,in the year #afdh1 the 
fifty-two ,london ,ministers--then a    

fraternity of  ,sion ,college in that   
,city--had in a printed ,declaration    
aspersed ,dr4  ,hammond most heinously1 
for that he had in his ,practical       
,catechism  affirmed1 that our ,saviour 
died for the sins of all mankind4 ,to   
justify which truth1 he presently makes 
a charitable reply--as 'tis  now printed
 in his works4--,after which there were 
many letters passed  betwixt the said   
,dr4 ,hammond1 ,dr4 ,sanderson and ,dr4 
,pierce1 concerning  ,god's grace and   
decrees4 ,dr4 ,sanderson was with much  
unwillingness  drawn into this debate2  
for he declared it would prove uneasy to
 him1  who in his judgment of ,god's    
decrees differed with ,dr4              
,hammond1--whom  he reverenced and loved
 dearly1--and would not therefore engage
 him  into a controversy1 of which he   
could never hope to see an end3 but     
they did all enter into a charitable    
disquisition of these said points  in   
several letters1 to the full            
satisfaction of the learned2 those      

betwixt ,dr4 ,sanderson and ,dr4        
,hammond being printed in his works2 and
  for what passed betwixt him and the   
learned ,dr4 ,pierce1 ,i refer my       
,reader to a ,letter annexed to the end 
of this relation4    ,sidenote3 ,changes
 of judgment    ,i think the judgment of
 ,dr4 ,sanderson1 was1 by these debates1
 altered  from what it was at his       
entrance into them2 for in the year     
#afcb1 when  his excellent ,sermons were
 first printed in quarto1 the ,reader   
may on  the margin find some accusation 
of ,arminius for false doctrine2 and    
find that1 upon a review and reprinting 
those ,sermons in folio1 in the  year   
#afeg1 that accusation of ,arminius is  
omitted4 ,and the change  of his        
judgment seems more fully to appear in  
his said letter to ,dr4  ,pierce4 ,and  
let me now tell the ,reader1 which may  
seem to be perplexed  with these several
 affirmations of ,god's decrees before  
mentioned1  that ,dr4 ,hammond1 in a    
postscript to the last letter of ,dr4   

,sanderson's1 says1 ,god can reconcile  
his own contradictions1  and therefore  
advises all men1 as the ,apostle does1  
to study  mortification1 and be wise to 
sobriety4 ,and let me add farther1 that 
if these fifty-two ,ministers of ,sion  
,college were the occasion of the       
debates in these letters1 they have1 ,i 
think1 been the occasion of  giving an  
end to the ,quinquarticular             
,controversy3 for none have since       
undertaken to say more2 but seem to be  
so wise1 as to be content to be         
ignorant of the rest1 till they come to 
that place1 where the secrets  of all   
hearts shall be laid open4 ,and let me  
here tell the ,reader  also1 that if the
 rest of mankind would1 as ,dr4         
,sanderson1 not conceal  their          
alteration of judgment1 but confess it  
to the honour of ,god  and themselves1  
then our nation would become freer from 
pertinacious  disputes1 and fuller of   
recantations4    ,sidenote3 ,dr4 ,laud  
,i cannot lead my ,reader to ,dr4       

,hammond and ,dr4 ,sanderson1 where we  
left them at ,boothby ,pannell1 till ,i 
have looked back to the ,long           
,parliament1 the ,society of            
,covenanters in ,sion ,college1 and     
those  others scattered up and down in  
,london1 and given some account  of     
their proceedings and usage of the late 
learned ,dr4 ,laud1 then  ,archbishop of
 ,canterbury4 ,and though ,i will       
forbear to mention the  injustice of his
 death1 and the barbarous usage of him1 
both then and  before it2 yet my desire 
is that what follows may be noted1      
because it  does now1 or may hereafter1 
concern us2 namely1 that in his last sad
  sermon on the scaffold at his death1  
he having freely pardoned all his       
enemies1 and humbly begged of ,god to   
pardon them1 and besought those  present
 to pardon and pray for him2 yet he     
seemed to accuse the  magistrates of the
 ,city1 for suffering a sort of wretched
 people1  that could not know why he was
 condemned1 to go visibly up and down   

to gather hands to a petition1 that the 
,parliament would hasten his  execution4
 ,and having declared how unjustly he   
thought himself to be  condemned1 and   
accused for endeavouring to bring in    
,popery1--for  that was one of the      
accusations for which he died1--he      
declared with  sadness1 ,that the       
several sects and divisions then in     
,england1--which  he had laboured to    
prevent1--were like to bring the ,pope a
 far greater  harvest1 than he could    
ever have expected without them4 ,and   
said1  ,these sects and divisions       
introduce profaneness under the cloak of
 an  imaginary ,religion2 and that we   
have lost the substance of ,religion by 
changing it into opinion3 and that by   
these means this ,church1 which  all the
 ,jesuits' machinations could not ruin1 
was fallen into apparent  danger by     
those which were his accusers4 ,to this 
purpose he spoke at  his death3 for     
this1 and more of which1 the ,reader may
 view his last  sad sermon on the       

scaffold4 ,and it is here mentioned1    
because his dear  friend1 ,dr4          
,sanderson1 seems to demonstrate the    
same in his two large  and remarkable   
,prefaces before his two volumes of     
,sermons2 and he  seems also with much  
sorrow to say the same again in his last
 ,will1  made when he apprehended       
himself to be very near his death4 ,and 
these  ,covenanters ought to take notice
 of it1 and to remember1 that1 by the   
late wicked war begun by them1 ,dr4     
,sanderson was ejected out of the       
,professor's ,chair in ,oxford2 and that
 if he had continued in it1--for  he    
lived fourteen years after1--both the   
learned of this1 and other  nations1 had
 been made happy by many remarkable     
,cases of ,conscience1  so rationally   
stated1 and so briefly1 so clearly1 and 
so convincingly  determined1 that       
posterity might have joyed and boasted1 
that ,dr4  ,sanderson was born in this  
nation1 for the ease and benefit of all 
the  learned that shall be born after   

him3 but this benefit is so like time   
past1 that they are both irrecoverably  
lost4    ,sidenote3 ,prisoner at        
,lincoln    ,i should now return to     
,boothby ,pannell1 where we left ,dr4   
,hammond and  ,dr4 ,sanderson together2 
but neither can be found there3 for the 
first  was in his journey to ,london1   
and the second seized upon the day      
after his friend's departure1 and       
carried prisoner to ,lincoln1 then  a   
garrison of the ,parliament's4 ,for the 
pretended reason of which  commitment1  
,i shall give this following account4   
,sidenote3 ,exchanged for ,dr4 ,clarke  
,there was one ,mr4 ,clarke1 the        
,minister of ,alington1 a town not many 
miles from ,boothby ,pannell1 who was an
 active man for the ,parliament  and    
,covenant2 one that1 when ,belvoir      
,castle--then a garrison for the        
,parliament--was taken by a party of the
 ,king's soldiers1 was taken  in it1 and
 made a prisoner of war in ,newark1 then
 a garrison of the  ,king's2 a man so   

active and useful for his party1 that   
they became so  much concerned for his  
enlargement1 that the ,committee of     
,lincoln sent  a troop of horse to seize
 and bring ,dr4 ,sanderson a prisoner to
 that  garrison3 and they did so4 ,and  
there he had the happiness to meet with 
many1 that knew him so well as to treat 
him kindly2 but told him1  ,he must     
continue their prisoner1 till he should 
purchase his own  enlargement by        
procuring an exchange for ,mr4 ,clarke1 
then prisoner in  the ,king's garrison  
of ,newark4 ,there were many reasons    
given by the  ,doctor of the injustice  
of his imprisonment1 and the inequality 
of  the exchange3 but all were          
ineffectual2 for done it must be1 or he 
continue a prisoner4 ,and in time done  
it was1 upon the following  conditions4 
,sidenote3 ,mode of life    ,first1 that
 ,dr4 ,sanderson and ,mr4 ,clarke being 
exchanged1 should live  undisturbed at  
their own ,parishes2 and if either were 
injured by the  soldiers of the contrary

 party1 the other1 having notice of it1 
should  procure him a redress1 by having
 satisfaction made for his loss1 or  for
 any other injury2 or if not1 he to be  
used in the same kind by the  other     
party4 ,nevertheless1 ,dr4 ,sanderson   
could neither live safe nor  quietly1   
being several times plundered1 and once 
wounded in three  places3 but he1       
apprehending the remedy might turn to a 
more  intolerable burden by impatience  
or complaining1 forbore both2  and      
possessed his soul in a contented       
quietness1 without the least  repining4 
,but though he could not enjoy the      
safety he expected by this  exchange1   
yet1 by ,his providence that can bring  
good out of evil1 it  turned so much to 
his advantage1 that whereas as his      
living had been  sequestered from the   
year #afdd1 and continued to be so till 
this time  of his imprisonment1 he1 by  
the ,articles of ,war in this exchange  
for  ,mr4 ,clarke1 procured his         
sequestration to be recalled1 and by    

that  means enjoyed a poor1 but         
contented subsistence for himself1 wife1
 and  children1 till the happy          
restoration of our ,king and ,church4   
,in this time of his poor1 but contented
 privacy of life1 his  casuistical      
learning1 peaceful moderation1 and      
sincerity1 became so  remarkable1 that  
there were many that applied themselves 
to him for  resolution in cases of      
conscience2 some known to him1 many not2
 some  requiring satisfaction by        
conference1 others by letters2 so many1 
that  his life became almost as restless
 as their minds2 yet he denied  no man3 
and if it be a truth which holy ,mr4    
,herbert says1 ,that all  worldly joys  
seem less1 when compared with shewing   
mercy or doing  kindnesses2 then        
doubtless ,dr4 ,sanderson might have    
boasted for  relieving so many restless 
and wounded consciences2 which1 as      
,solomon  says1 are a burden that none  
can bear1 though their fortitude may    
sustain their other infirmities2 and if 

words cannot express the  joy of a      
conscience relieved from such restless  
agonies2 then ,dr4  ,sanderson might    
rejoice that so many were by him so     
clearly and  conscientiously satisfied1 
for he denied none1 and would often     
praise  ,god for that ability1 and as   
often for the occasion1 and that ,god   
had  inclined his heart to do it to the 
meanest of any of those poor1 but       
precious souls1 for which his ,saviour  
vouchsafed to be crucified4             
,sidenote3 ,cases of conscience    ,some
 of these very many cases that were     
resolved by letters1 have been          
preserved and printed for the benefit of
 posterity2 as namely1      #a4 ,of the 
,sabbath4    #b4 ,marrying with a       
,recusant4    #c4 ,of unlawful love4    
#d4 ,of a military life4    #e4 ,of     
,scandal4    #f4 ,of a bond taken in the
 ,king's name4    #g4 ,of the           
,engagement4    #h4 ,of a rash vow4     
,but many more remain in private hands1 
of which one is of ,simony2 and  ,i wish

 the world might see it1 that it might  
undeceive some ,patrons1  who think they
 have discharged that great and         
dangerous trust1 both  to ,god and man1 
if they take no money for a living1     
though it may be  parted with for other 
ends less justifiable4    ,sidenote3    
,preface to last sermons    ,and in this
 time of his retirement1 when the common
 people were amazed  and grown giddy by 
the many falsehoods1 and misapplications
 of truths  frequently vented in        
sermons2 when they wrested the          
,scripture by  challenging ,god to be of
 their party1 and called upon him in    
their  prayers to patronise their       
sacrilege and zealous frenzies2 in this 
time he did so compassionate the        
generality of this misled nation1  that 
though the times threatened danger1 yet 
he then hazarded his  safety by writing 
the large and bold ,preface now extant  
before his  last twenty ,sermons2--first
 printed in the year #afee2--;in which  
there  was such strength of reason1 with

 so powerful and clear convincing       
applications made to the                
,non-conformists1 as being read by one  
of  those dissenting brethren1 who was  
possessed with such a spirit of         
contradiction1 as being neither able to 
defend his error1 nor yield  to truth   
manifest1--his conscience having slept  
long and quietly in  a good sequestered 
living1--was yet at the reading of it so
 awakened1  that after a conflict with  
the reason he had met1 and the damage he
  was to sustain if he consented to     
it1--and being still unwilling to be  so
 convinced1 as to lose by being         
over-reasoned1--he went in haste to  the
 bookseller of whom it was bought1      
threatened him1 and told him in  anger1 
he had sold a book in which there was   
false ,divinity2 and that  the ,preface 
had upbraided the ,parliament1 and many 
godly ,ministers of  that party1 for    
unjust dealing4 ,to which his reply     
was1--'twas ,tim4  ,garthwaite1--,that  
'twas not his trade to judge of true or 

false  ,divinity1 but to print and sell 
books3 and yet if he1 or any friend  of 
his1 would write an answer to it1 and   
own it by setting his name to  it1 he   
would print the ,answer1 and promote the
 selling of it4    ,sidenote3 ,a meeting
 in ,little ,britain    ,about the time 
of his printing this excellent ,preface1
 ,i met him  accidentally in ,london1 in
 sad-coloured clothes1 and1 ,god knows1 
far from being costly4 ,the place of our
 meeting was near to ,little  ,britain1 
where he had been to buy a book1 which  
he then had in his  hand4 ,we had no    
inclination to part presently1 and      
therefore turned  to stand in a corner  
under a penthouse1--for it began to     
rain1--and  immediately the wind rose1  
and the rain increased so much1 that    
both  became so inconvenient1 as to     
force us into a cleanly house1 where we 
had bread1 cheese1 ale1 and a fire for  
our money4 ,this rain and wind  were so 
obliging to me1 as to force our stay    
there for at least an  hour1 to my great

 content and advantage2 for in that time
 he made to  me many useful             
observations1 with much clearness and   
conscientious  freedom4 ,i shall relate 
a part of them1 in hope they may also   
turn to  the advantage of my ,reader4   
,he seemed to lament1 that the          
,parliament  had taken upon them to     
abolish our ,liturgy1 to the scandal of 
so many  devout and learned men1 and the
 disgrace of those many martyrs1 who    
had sealed the truth and use of it with 
their blood3 and that no  ,minister was 
now thought godly that did not decry it1
 and at least  pretend to make better   
prayers ex tempore3 and that they1 and  
only  they1 that could do so1 prayed by 
the ,spirit1 and were godly2 though  in 
their sermons they disputed1 and        
evidently contradicted each other  in   
their prayers4 ,and as he did dislike   
this1 so he did most highly  commend the
 ,common ,prayer of the ,church1 saying1
 the ,collects were  the most           
passionate1 proper1 and most elegant    

expressions that any  language ever     
afforded2 and that there was in them    
such piety1 and so  interwoven with     
instructions1 that they taught us to the
 power1 the  wisdom1 the majesty1 and   
mercy of ,god1 and much of our duty both
 to  him and our neighbour3 and that a  
congregation1 behaving themselves       
reverently1 and putting up to ,god these
 joint and known desires for  pardon of 
sins1 and praises for mercies received1 
could not but be  more pleasing to ,god1
 than those raw1 unpremeditated         
expressions1 to  which many of the      
hearers could not say1 ,amen4           
,sidenote3 ,the ,treasury of ,christian 
comfort    ,and he then commended to me 
the frequent use of the ,psalter1 or    
,psalms  of ,david2 speaking to this    
purpose3 ,that they were the ,treasury  
of  ,christian comfort1 fitted for all  
persons and necessities2 able to  raise 
the soul from dejection by the frequent 
mention of ,god's mercies  to repentant 
sinners2 to stir up holy desires3 to    

increase joy2 to  moderate sorrow2 to   
nourish hope1 and teach us patience1 by 
waiting  ,god's leisure3 to beget a     
trust in the mercy1 power1 and          
providence of  our ,creator2 and to     
cause a resignation of ourselves to his 
will2 and  then1 and not till then1 to  
believe ourselves happy4 ,this1 he said1
  the ,liturgy and ,psalms taught us2   
and that by the frequent use of the     
last1 they would not only prove to be   
our soul's comfort1 but would  become so
 habitual1 as to transform them into the
 ,image of his soul  that composed them4
 ,after this manner he expressed himself
 concerning  the ,liturgy and ,psalms2  
and seemed to lament that this1 which   
was  the devotion of the more primitive 
times1 should in common pulpits  be     
turned into needless debates about      
,freewill1 ,election1 and  ,reprobation1
 of which1 and many like questions1 we  
may be safely  ignorant1 because        
,almighty ,god intends not to lead us to
 ,heaven by  hard questions1 but by     

meekness and charity1 and a frequent    
practice  of devotion4    ,sidenote3    
,dangerous mistakes    ,sidenote3 ,a    
year of ,homilies    ,and he seemed to  
lament very much1 that1 by the means of 
irregular and  indiscreet preaching1 the
 generality of the nation were possessed
 with  such dangerous mistakes1 as to   
think1 they might be religious first1   
and then just and merciful2 that they   
might sell their consciences1  and yet  
have something left that was worth      
keeping2 that they might  be sure they  
were elected1 though their lives were   
visibly scandalous2  that to be cunning 
was to be wise2 that to be rich was to  
be happy1  though their wealth was got  
without justice or mercy2 that to be    
busy in things they understood not1 was 
no sin4 ,these and the like  mistakes he
 lamented much1 and besought ,god to    
remove them1 and  restore us to that    
humility1 sincerity1 and                
singleheartedness1 with  which this     
nation was blessed before the unhappy   

,covenant was brought  into the nation1 
and every man preached and prayed what  
seemed best  in his own eyes4 ,and he   
then said to me1 ,that the way to       
restore this  nation to a more meek and 
,christian temper1 was to have the body 
of  ,divinity--or so much of it as was  
needful to be known--to be put into     
fifty-two ,homilies or ,sermons1 of such
 a length as not to exceed a  third1 or 
fourth part of an hour's reading3 and   
these needful points  to be made so     
clear and plain1 that those of a mean   
capacity might  know what was necessary 
to be believed1 and what ,god requires  
to be  done2 and then some applications 
of trial and conviction3 and these  to  
be read every ,sunday of the year1 as   
infallibly as the blood  circulates the 
body2 and then as certainly begun again1
 and continued  the year following3 and 
that this being done1 it might probably 
abate  the inordinate desires of knowing
 what we need not1 and practising  what 
we know and ought to do4 ,this was the  

earnest desire of this  prudent man4    
,and ,oh that ,dr4 ,sanderson had       
undertaken it6 for then in  all         
probability it would have proved        
effectual4    ,sidenote3 ,another       
conference    ,at this happy time of    
enjoying his company and his discourse1 
he  expressed a sorrow by saying to me1 
,oh that ,i had gone ,chaplain  to that 
excellently accomplished gentleman1 your
 friend1 ,sir ,henry  ,wotton6 which was
 once intended1 when he first went      
,ambassador to  the ,state of ,venice3  
for by that employment ,i had been      
forced into a  necessity of conversing1 
not with him only1 but with several men 
of  several nations2 and might thereby  
have kept myself from my unmanly        
bashfulness1 which has proved very      
troublesome1 and not less  inconvenient 
to me2 and which ,i now fear is become  
so habitual as  never to leave me3 and  
by that means ,i might also have known1 
or at  least have had the satisfaction  
of seeing1 one of the late miracles  of 

general learning1 prudence1 and modesty1
 ,sir ,henry ,wotton's dear  friend1    
,padre ,paulo1 who1 the author of his   
life says1 was born with  a bashfulness 
as invincible as ,i have found my own to
 be3 a man whose  fame must never die1  
till virtue and learning shall become so
 useless  as not to be regarded4        
,this was a part of the benefit ,i then 
had by that hour's conversation3  and ,i
 gladly remember and mention it1 as an  
argument of my happiness1  and his great
 humility and condescension4 ,i had also
 a like advantage  by another happy     
conference with him1 which ,i am        
desirous to impart  in this place to the
 ,reader4 ,he lamented much1 that in    
many ,parishes1  where the maintenance  
was not great1 there was no ,minister to
  officiate2 and that many of the best  
sequestered livings were  possessed with
 such rigid ,covenanters as denied the  
,sacrament to their  ,parishioners1     
unless upon such conditions1 and in such
 a manner1 as  they could not take it4  

,this he mentioned with much sorrow1    
saying1  ,the blessed ,sacrament did1 by
 way of preparation for it1 give        
occasion to all conscientious receivers 
to examine the performance  of their    
vows1 since they received their last    
seal for the pardon of  their sins past2
 and to examine and re-search their     
hearts1 and make  penitent reflections  
on their failings2 and1 that done1 to   
bewail  them1 and then make new vows or 
resolutions to obey all ,god's          
commands1 and beg his grace to perform  
them4 ,and this done1  the ,sacrament   
repairs the decays of grace1 helps us to
 conquer  infirmities1 gives us grace to
 beg ,god's grace1 and then gives us    
what we beg2 makes us still hunger and  
thirst after his righteousness1  which  
we then receive1 and being assisted with
 our endeavours1 will  still so dwell in
 us1 as to become our satisfaction in   
this life1 and  our comfort on our last 
sick beds4 ,the want of this blessed    
benefit  he lamented much1 and pitied   

their condition that desired1 but could 
not obtain it4    ,sidenote3 ,his       
character    ,i hope ,i shall not       
disoblige my ,reader1 if ,i here enlarge
 into a  further character of his person
 and temper4 ,as first1 that he was     
moderately tall3 his behaviour had in it
 much of a plain comeliness1  and very  
little1 yet enough1 of ceremony or      
courtship2 his looks and  motion        
manifested affability and mildness1 and 
yet he had with these a  calm1 but so   
matchless a fortitude1 as secured him   
from complying  with any of those many  
,parliament injunctions1 that interfered
 with a  doubtful conscience4 ,his      
learning was methodical and exact1 his  
wisdom  useful1 his integrity visible1  
and his whole life so unspotted1 that   
all ought to be preserved as copies for 
posterity to write after2 the  ,clergy  
especially1 who with impure hands ought 
not to offer sacrifice  to that ,god1   
whose pure eyes abhor iniquity4         
,there was in his ,sermons no improper  

rhetoric1 nor such perplexed  divisions1
 as may be said to be like too much     
light1 that so dazzles  the eyes1 that  
the sight becomes less perfect3 but     
there was therein  no want of useful    
matter1 nor waste of words2 and yet such
 clear  distinctions as dispelled all   
confused notions1 and made his hearers  
depart both wiser1 and more confirmed in
 virtuous resolutions4    ,sidenote3    
,his memory    ,sidenote3 ,his even     
temper    ,his memory was so matchless  
and firm1 as 'twas only overcome by his 
bashfulness2 for he alone1 or to a      
friend1 could repeat all the ,odes  of  
,horace1 all ,tully's ,offices1 and much
 of ,juvenal and ,persius1  without     
book3 and would say1 the repetition of  
one of the ,odes of  ,horace to himself1
 was to him such music1 as a lesson on  
the viol was  to others1 when they      
played it to themselves or friends4 ,and
 though  he was blest with a clearer    
judgment than other men1 yet he was so  
distrustful of it1 that he did          

over-consider of consequences1 and      
would so delay and re-consider what to  
determine1 that though none  ever       
determined better1 yet1 when the bell   
tolled for him to appear  and read his  
,divinity ,lectures in ,oxford1 and all 
the ,scholars  attended to hear him1 he 
had not then1 or not till then1 resolved
 and  writ what he meant to determine2  
so that that appeared to be a truth1    
which his old dear friend ,dr4 ,sheldon 
would often say1 namely1 ,that  his     
judgment was so much superior to his    
fancy1 that whatsoever  this suggested1 
that disliked and controlled2 still     
considering1 and  re-considering1 till  
his time was so wasted1 that he was     
forced to  write1 not1 probably1 what   
was best1 but what he thought last4 ,and
  yet what he did then read1 appeared to
 all hearers to be so useful1  clear1   
and satisfactory1 as none ever          
determined with greater  applause4      
,these tiring and perplexing thoughts   
begot in him an  averseness to enter    

into the toil of considering and        
determining all  casuistical points2    
because during that time1 they neither  
gave rest  to his body or mind4 ,but    
though he would not be always loaden    
with  these knotty points and           
distinctions2 yet the study of old      
records1  genealogies1 and ,heraldry1   
were a recreation and so pleasing1 that 
he  would say they gave rest to his     
mind4 ,of the last of which ,i have seen
  two remarkable volumes2 and the       
,reader needs neither to doubt their    
truth or exactness4    ,and this humble 
man had so conquered all repining and   
ambitious  thoughts1 and with them all  
other unruly passions1 that1 if the     
accidents of the day proved to his      
danger or damage1 yet he both began  and
 ended it with an even and undisturbed  
quietness2 always praising  ,god that he
 had not withdrawn food and raiment from
 him and his poor  family2 nor suffered 
him to violate his conscience for his   
safety1 or  to support himself or them  

in a more splendid or plentiful         
condition2  and that he therefore       
resolved with ,david1 ,that his praise  
should be  always in his mouth4         
,sidenote3 ,de ,conscienti    ,i have   
taken a content in giving my ,reader    
this character of his  person1 his      
temper1 and some of the accidents of his
 life past2 and  more might be added of 
all2 but ,i will with sorrow look       
forward to the  sad days1 in which so   
many good men suffered1 about the year  
#afeh1 at  which time ,dr4 ,sanderson   
was in a very low condition as to his   
estate2  and in that time ,mr4 ,robert  
,boyle#bd--;a gentleman of a very noble 
birth1 and more eminent for his         
liberality1 learning1 and virtue1  and  
of whom ,i would say much more1 but that
 he still lives--having  casually met   
with and read his ,lectures de          
,juramento1 to his great  satisfaction1 
and being informed of ,dr4 ,sanderson's 
great innocence  and sincerity1 and that
 he and his family were brought into a  

low  condition by his not complying with
 the ,parliament's injunctions1  sent   
him by his dear friend ,dr4             
,barlow#be--the now learned ,bishop of  
,lincoln--#ejl4 and with it a request   
and promise4 ,the request was1  that he 
would review the ,lectures de           
,conscienti1 which he had read  when he 
was ,doctor of the ,chair in ,oxford1   
and print them for the good  of         
posterity3--and this ,dr4 ,sanderson did
 in the year #afei4--;,and the  promise 
was1 that he would pay him that1 or a   
greater sum if desired1  during his     
life1 to enable him to pay an           
amanuensis1 to ease him from  the       
trouble of writing what he should       
conceive or dictate4 ,for the  more     
particular account of which1 ,i refer my
 ,reader to a letter  writ by the said  
,dr4 ,barlow1 which ,i have annexed to  
the end of this  relation4    ,sidenote3
 ,the ,restoration    ,towards the end  
of this year1 #afei1 when the many mixed
 sects1 and  their creators and         

merciless protectors1 had led or driven 
each other  into a whirlpool of         
confusion3 when amazement and fear had  
seized  them1 and their accusing        
consciences gave them an inward and     
fearful  intelligence1 that the god     
which they had long served was now ready
 to  pay them such wages1 as he does    
always reward witches with for their    
obeying him3 when these wretches were   
come to foresee an end of  their cruel  
reign1 by our ,king's return2 and such  
sufferers as ,dr4  ,sanderson--and with 
him many of the oppressed ,clergy and   
others--could  foresee the cloud of     
their afflictions would be dispersed by 
it2 then1  in the beginning of the year 
following1 the ,king was by ,god        
restored  to us1 and we to our known    
laws and liberties1 and a general joy   
and peace seemed to breathe through the 
three nations4 ,then were the  suffering
 ,clergy freed from their sequestration1
 restored to their  revenues1 and to a  
liberty to adore1 praise1 and pray to   

,god in such  order as their consciences
 and oaths had formerly obliged them4   
,and  the ,reader will easily believe1  
that ,dr4 ,sanderson and his dejected   
family rejoiced to see this day1 and be 
of this number4    ,sidenote3 ,commended
 to ,charles ,,ii4    ,it ought to be   
considered--which ,i have often heard or
 read--that in  the primitive times men 
of learning and virtue were usually     
sought  for1 and solicited to accept of 
,episcopal government1 and often        
refused it4 ,for they conscientiously   
considered1 that the office of  a       
,bishop was made up of labour and care2 
that they were trusted to be  ,god's    
almoners of the ,church's revenue1 and  
double their care for the  poor2 to live
 strictly themselves1 and use all       
diligence to see that  their family1    
officers1 and ,clergy did so2 and that  
the account of  that stewardship1 must1 
at the last dreadful day1 be made to the
  ,searcher of all ,hearts3 and that in 
the primitive times they were  therefore

 timorous to undertake it4 ,it may not  
be said1 that ,dr4  ,sanderson was      
accomplished with these1 and all the    
other requisites  required in a ,bishop1
 so as to be able to answer them        
exactly3 but  it may be affirmed1 as a  
good preparation1 that he had at the age
 of  seventy-three years--for he was so 
old at the ,king's ,return--fewer       
faults to be pardoned by ,god or man1   
than are apparent in others in  these   
days1 in which1 ,god knows1 we fall so  
short of that visible  sanctity and zeal
 to ,god's glory1 which was apparent in 
the days of  primitive ,christianity4   
,this is mentioned by way of preparation
 to  what ,i shall say more of ,dr4     
,sanderson2 and namely1 that1 at  the   
,king's return1 ,dr4 ,sheldon1 the late 
prudent ,bishop of  ,canterbury1--than  
whom none knew1 valued1 or loved ,dr4   
,sanderson more  or better1--was by his 
,majesty made a chief trustee to commend
 to him  fit men to supply the then     
vacant ,bishoprics4 ,and ,dr4 ,sheldon  

knew  none fitter than ,dr4 ,sanderson1 
and therefore humbly desired the ,king  
that he would nominate him3 and1 that   
done1 he did as humbly desire  ,dr4     
,sanderson that he would1 for ,god's and
 the ,church's sake1  take that charge  
and care upon him4 ,dr4 ,sanderson had1 
if not an  unwillingness1 certainly no  
forwardness to undertake it2 and would  
often say1 he had not led himself1 but  
his friend would now lead him  into a   
temptation1 which he had daily prayed   
against2 and besought  ,god1 if he did  
undertake it1 so as to assist him with  
his grace1 that  the example of his     
life1 his cares and endeavours1 might   
promote his  glory1 and help forward the
 salvation of others4    ,sidenote3     
,bishop of ,lincoln    ,this ,i have    
mentioned as a happy preparation to his 
,bishopric2 and  am next to tell1 that  
he was consecrated ,bishop of ,lincoln  
at  ,westminster1 the #bhth of ,october1
 #affj4    ,sidenote3 ,mr4 ,richard     
,baxter    ,there was about this time a 

,christian care taken1 that those whose 
consciences were1 as they said1 tender1 
and could not comply with the  service  
and ceremonies of the ,church1 might    
have satisfaction given  by a friendly  
debate betwixt a select number of them1 
and some like  number of those that had 
been sufferers for the ,church-service  
and  ceremonies1 and now restored to    
liberty2 of which last some were then   
preferred to power and dignity in the   
,church4 ,and of these ,bishop          
,sanderson was one1 and then chose to be
 a moderator in that debate3  and he    
performed his trust with much mildness1 
patience1 and reason2  but all proved   
ineffectual3 for there be some          
prepossessions like  jealousies1 which1 
though causeless1 yet cannot be removed 
by reasons  as apparent as demonstration
 can make any truth4 ,the place         
appointed  for this debate was the      
,savoy in the ,strand3 and the points   
debated  were1 ,i think1 many2 some     
affirmed to be truth and reason1 some   

denied  to be either2 and these debates 
being then in words1 proved to be so    
loose and perplexed as satisfied neither
 party4 ,for some time that  which had  
been affirmed was immediately forgot or 
denied1 and so no  satisfaction given to
 either party4 ,but that the debate     
might become  more useful1 it was       
therefore resolved that the day         
following the  desires and reasons of   
the ,non-conformists should be given in 
writing1  and they in writing receive   
answers from the conforming party4 ,and 
though ,i neither now can1 nor need to  
mention all the points debated1  nor the
 names of the dissenting brethren2 yet  
,i am sure ,mr4 ,baxter was  one1 and am
 sure what shall now follow was one of  
the points debated4    ,concerning a    
command of lawful superiors1 what was   
sufficient to its  being a lawful       
command2 this proposition was brought by
 the conforming  party4    ,that command
 which commands an act in itself lawful1
 and no other act  or circumstance      

unlawful1 is not sinful4    ,mr4        
,baxter#bf denied it for two reasons1   
which he gave in with his  own hand in  
writing1 thus3    ,one was1 ,because    
that may be a sin per accidens1 which is
 not so in  itself1 and may be          
unlawfully commanded1 though that       
accident be  not in the command4        
,another was1 ,that it may be commanded 
under an  unjust penalty4    ,again this
 proposition being brought by the       
,conformists1 ,that command  which      
commandeth an act in itself lawful1 and 
no other act whereby  any unjust penalty
 is enjoined1 nor any circumstance      
whence1 per  accidens1 any sin is       
consequent which the commander ought to 
provide  against1 is not sinful4        
,sidenote3 ,his contentions or denials  
,mr4 ,baxter denied it for this reason1 
then given in with his own  hand in     
writing thus3 ,because the first act    
commanded may be per  accidens unlawful1
 and be commanded by an unjust penalty1 
though no  other act or circumstance    

commanded be such4    ,again1 this      
proposition being brought by the        
,conformists1 ,that  command which      
commandeth an act in itself lawful1 and 
no other act  whereby any unjust penalty
 is enjoined1 nor any circumstance1     
whence directly1 or per accidens1 any   
sin is consequent1 which the  commander 
ought to provide against1 hath in it all
 things requisite  to the lawfulness of 
a command1 and particularly cannot be   
guilty of  commanding an act per        
accidens unlawful1 nor of commanding an 
act  under an unjust penalty4    ,mr4   
,baxter denied it upon the same reasons4
                     ,,peter            
,,gunning4#bg                     ,,john
 ,,pearson4#bh    ,these were then two  
of the disputants1 still alive1 and will
 attest  this2 one being now ,lord      
,bishop of ,ely1 and the other of       
,chester4  ,and the last of them told me
 very lately1 that one of the           
,dissenters--which ,i could1 but forbear
 to name--appeared to ,dr4  ,sanderson  

to be so bold1 so troublesome1 and so   
illogical in the  dispute1 as forced    
patient ,dr4 ,sanderson--who was then   
,bishop of  ,lincoln1 and a moderator   
with other ,bishops--to say1 with an    
unusual  earnestness1 ,that he had never
 met with a man of more pertinacious    
confidence1 and less abilities1 in all  
his conversation4    ,sidenote3 ,results
 of the debate    ,but though this      
debate at the ,savoy was ended without  
any great  satisfaction to either party1
 yet both parties knew the desires1 and 
understood the abilities1 of the other1 
much better than before it3  and the    
late distressed ,clergy1 that were now  
restored to their former  rights and    
power1 did1 at the next meeting in      
,convocation1 contrive to  give the     
dissenting party satisfaction by        
alteration1 explanation1 and  addition  
to some part both of the ,rubric and    
,common ,prayer1 as also  by adding some
 new necessary ,collects1 and a         
particular ,collect  of ,thanksgiving4  

,how many of those new ,collects were   
worded by ,dr4  ,sanderson1 ,i cannot   
say2 but am sure the whole ,convocation 
valued him  so much that he never       
undertook to speak to any point in      
question1 but  he was heard with great  
willingness and attention2 and when any 
point  in question was determined1 the  
,convocation did usually desire him to  
word their intentions1 and as usually   
approve and thank him4    ,sidenote3    
,new ,offices    ,at this ,convocation  
the ,common ,prayer was made more       
complete1 by  adding three new necessary
 ,offices2 which were1 ,a ,form of      
,humiliation  for the ,murder of ,king  
,charles the ,martyr2 ,a ,thanksgiving  
for the  ,restoration of his ,son our   
,king2 and ,for the ,baptising of       
,persons of  riper ,age4 ,i cannot say  
,dr4 ,sanderson did form1 or word them  
all1  but doubtless more than any single
 man of the ,convocation2 and he  did   
also1 by desire of the ,convocation1    
alter and add to the forms of  ,prayers 

to be used at ,sea--now taken into the  
,service-,book4--,and  it may be noted1 
that ,william1 the now ,right ,reverend 
,bishop of  ,canterbury1#bi was in these
 employments diligently useful2         
especially  in helping to rectify the   
,calendar and ,rubric4 ,and lastly1 it  
may  be noted1 that1 for the satisfying 
all the dissenting brethren and  others1
 the ,convocation's reasons for the     
alterations and additions  to the       
,liturgy were by them desired to be     
drawn up by ,dr4 ,sanderson2  which     
being done by him1 and approved by them1
 was appointed to be  printed before the
 ,liturgy1 and may be known by this     
title--,the  ,preface2 and begins       
thus--,it hath been the ,wisdom of the  
,church4--    ,i shall now follow him to
 his ,bishopric1 and declare a part of  
his  behaviour in that busy and weighty 
employment4 ,and first1 that it was     
with such condescension and obligingness
 to the meanest of his ,clergy1  as to  
know and be known to them4 ,and indeed  

he practised the like to  all men of    
what degree soever1 especially to his   
old neighbours or  parishioners of      
,boothby ,pannell2 for there was all joy
 at his table1  when they came to visit 
him3 then they prayed for him1 and he   
for  them1 with an unfeigned affection4 
,i think it will not be denied1 but that
 the care and toil required of  a       
,bishop1 may justly challenge the riches
 and revenue with which their           
predecessors had lawfully endowed them3 
and yet he sought not that so  much1 as 
doing good both to the present age and  
posterity2 and he made  this appear by  
what follows4    ,sidenote3 ,the ,bishop
 at ,buckden    ,sidenote3 ,repairs and 
restorations    ,the ,bishop's chief    
house at ,buckden1 in the ,county of    
,huntingdon1 the  usual residence of his
 predecessors1--for it stands about the 
midst  of his ,diocese1--having been at 
his consecration a great part of it     
demolished1 and what was left standing  
under a visible decay1 was by  him      

undertaken to be erected and repaired3  
and it was performed with  great speed1 
care1 and charge4 ,and to this may be   
added1 that the ,king  having by an     
,injunction commended to the care of the
 ,bishops1 ,deans1  and ,prebends of all
 ,cathedral ,churches1 the repair of    
them1 their  houses1 and augmentation of
 small ,vicarages2 he1 when he was      
repairing ,buckden1 did also augment the
 last1 as fast as fines were  paid for  
renewing leases so fast1 that a friend1 
taking notice of his  bounty1 was so    
bold as to advise him to remember1 he   
was under his  first-fruits1 and that he
 was old1 and had a wife and children   
yet but  meanly provided for1 especially
 if his dignity were considered4 ,to    
whom he made a mild and thankful answer1
 saying1 ,it would not become  a        
,christian ,bishop to suffer those      
houses built by his predecessors  to be 
ruined for want of repair2 and less     
justifiable to suffer any of  those1    
that were called to so high a calling as

 to sacrifice at ,god's  altar1 to eat  
the bread of sorrow constantly1 when he 
had a power by  a small augmentation1 to
 turn it into the bread of cheerfulness3
 and  wished1 that as this was1 so it   
were also in his power to make all      
mankind happy1 for he desired nothing   
more4 ,and for his wife and  children1  
he hoped to leave them a competence1 and
 in the hands of a  ,god that would     
provide for all that kept innocence1 and
 trusted his  providence and protection1
 which he had always found enough to    
make  and keep him happy4    ,sidenote3 
,his favourite books    ,there was in   
his ,diocese a ,minister of almost his  
age1 that had been  of ,lincoln ,college
 when he left it1 who visited him often1
 and always  welcome1 because he was a  
man of innocence and openheartedness4   
,this  ,minister asked the ,bishop what 
books he studied most1 when he laid the 
foundation of his great and clear       
learning4 ,to which his answer was1     
that he declined reading many2 but what 

he did read were well chosen1  and read 
so often1 that he became ,very familiar 
with them2 and said1  they were chiefly 
three1 ,aristotle's ,rhetoric1          
,aquinas's ,secunda  ,secundit1 and     
,tully1 but chiefly his offices1 which  
he had not read  over less than twenty  
times1 and could at this age say without
 book4  ,and told him also1 the learned 
,civilian ,doctor ,zouch--who died      
lately--had writ ,elementa              
,jurisprudentiae1 which was a book that 
he  could also say without book2 and    
that no wise man could read it too      
often1 or love or commend too much2 and 
told him1 these had been his  toil3 but 
for himself he always had a natural love
 to genealogies and  ,heraldry2 and that
 when his thoughts were harassed with   
any perplexed  studies1 he left off1 and
 turned to them as a recreation2 and    
that his  very recreation had made him  
so perfect in them1 that he could1 in a 
very short time1 give an account of the 
descent1 arms1 and antiquity  of any    

family of the ,nobility or gentry of    
this nation4    ,sidenote3 ,his ,will   
,before ,i give an account of ,dr4      
,sanderson's last sickness1 ,i desire to
  tell the ,reader that he was of a     
healthful constitution1 cheerful and    
mild1 of an even temper1 very moderate  
in his diet1 and had had little         
sickness1 till some few years before his
 death2 but was then every  winter      
punished with a diarrhoea1 which left   
not till warm weather  returned and     
removed it3 and this distemper did1 as  
he grew older1  seize him oftener1 and  
continue longer with him4 ,but though it
  weakened him1 yet it made him rather  
indisposed than sick1 and did no  way   
disable him from studying--indeed too   
much4--,in this decay of his  strength1 
but not of his memory or reason1--for   
this distemper works  not upon the      
understanding1--he made his last ,will1 
of which ,i shall  give some account for
 confirmation of what hath been said1   
and what ,i  think convenient to be     

known1 before ,i declare his death and  
burial4    ,he did in his last ,will1#cj
 give an account of his faith and       
persuasion in point of religion1 and    
,church-government1 in these very       
words3    ,i1 ,robert ,sanderson1       
,doctor of ,divinity1 an unworthy       
,minister of  ,jesus ,christ1 and1 by   
the providence of ,god1 ,bishop of      
,lincoln1 being  by the long continuance
 of an habitual distemper brought to a  
great  bodily weakness and faintness of 
spirits1 but--by the great mercy of     
,god--without any bodily pain otherwise1
 or decay of understanding1  do make    
this my ,will and ,testament1--written  
all with my own  hand1--revoking all    
former ,wills by me heretofore made1 if 
any such  shall be found4 ,first1 ,i    
commend my soul into the hands of       
,almighty  ,god1 as of a faithful       
,creator1 which ,i humbly beseech him   
mercifully  to accept1 looking upon it1 
not as it is in itself1--infinitely     
polluted with sin1--but as it is        

redeemed and purged with the precious   
blood of his only beloved ,son1 and my  
most sweet ,saviour ,jesus ,christ2  in 
confidence of whose merits and mediation
 alone it is1 that ,i cast  myself upon 
the mercy of ,god for the pardon of my  
sins1 and the hopes  of eternal life4   
,and here ,i do profess1 that as ,i have
 lived1 so ,i  desire1 and--by the grace
 of ,god--resolve1 to die in the        
communion  of the ,catholic ,church of  
,christ1 and a true son of the ,church  
of ,england3 which1 as it stands by law 
established1 to be both in  doctrine and
 worship agreeable to the word of ,god1 
and in the most1  and most material     
points of both conformable to the faith 
and practice  of the godly ,churches of 
,christ in the primitive and purer      
times1 ,i do  firmly believe3 led so to 
do1 not so much from the force of custom
 and  education1--to which the greatest 
part of mankind owe their particular    
different persuasions in point of       
,religion1--as upon the clear  evidence 

of truth and reason1 after a serious and
 impartial  examination of the grounds1 
as well of ,popery as ,puritanism1      
according  to that measure of           
understanding1 and those opportunities  
which ,god  hath afforded me3 and herein
 ,i am abundantly satisfied1 that the   
schism which the ,papists on the one    
hand1 and the superstition which  the   
,puritan on the other hand1 lay to our  
charge1 are very justly  chargeable upon
 themselves respectively4 ,wherefore ,i 
humbly beseech  ,almighty ,god1 the     
,father of mercies1 to preserve the     
,church by his  power and providence1 in
 peace1 truth1 and godliness1 evermore  
to  the world's end3 which doubtless he 
will do1 if the wickedness and  security
 of a sinful people--and particularly   
those sins that are so  rife1 and seem  
daily to increase among us1 of          
unthankfulness1 riot1  and sacrilege--do
 not tempt his patience to the contrary4
 ,and ,i also  further humbly beseech   
him1 that it would please him to give   

unto our  gracious ,sovereign1 the      
reverend ,bishops1 and the ,parliament1 
timely  to consider the great danger    
that visibly threatens this ,church in  
point of ,religion by the late great    
increase of ,popery1 and in point  of   
revenue by sacrilegious inclosures2 and 
to provide such wholesome  and effectual
 remedies1 as may prevent the same      
before it be too  late4    ,and for a   
further manifestation of his humble     
thoughts and desires1  they may appear  
to the ,reader by another part of his   
,will which  follows4    ,as for my     
corruptible body1 ,i bequeath it to the 
earth whence it was  taken1 to be       
decently buried in the ,parish ,church  
of ,buckden1  towards the upper end of  
the ,chancel1 upon the second1 or--at   
the  furthest--the third day after my   
decease2 and that with as little  noise1
 pomp1 and charge as may be1 without the
 invitation of any  person how near     
soever related unto me1 other than the  
inhabitants  of ,buckden2 without the   

unnecessary expense of escutcheons1     
gloves1  ribbons1 c41 and without any   
blacks to be hung any where in or about 
the house or ,church1 other than a      
pulpit cloth1 a hearse-cloth1 and  a    
mourning gown for the ,preacher2 whereof
 the former--after my body  shall be    
interred--to be given to the ,preacher  
of the ,funeral ,sermon1  and the latter
 to the ,curate of the ,parish for the  
time being4 ,and  my will further is    
that the ,funeral ,sermon be preached by
 my own  household ,chaplain1 containing
 some wholesome discourse concerning    
,mortality1 the ,resurrection of the    
,dead and the ,last ,judgment2 and  that
 he shall have for his pains #el4 upon  
condition that he speak  nothing at all 
concerning my person1 either good or    
ill1 other than  ,i myself shall direct2
 only signifying to the auditory that it
 was my  express will to have it so4    
,and it is my will1 that no costly      
monument  be erected for my memory1 but 
only a fair flat marble stone to be laid

  over me1 with this inscription in     
legible ,roman characters1 ,,depositum  
,,roberti ,,sanderson ,,nuper           
,,lincolniensis ,,episcopi1 ,,qui       
,,obiit ,,anno ,,domini  ,,mdclxii4 ,,et
 ,,tatis ,,su ,,septuagesimo ,,sexto1   
,,hic ,,requiescit ,,in ,,spe ,,beate   
,,resurrectionis4 ,this manner of       
burial1 although ,i cannot but foresee  
it will prove unsatisfactory to sundry  
my nearest friends and  relations1 and  
be apt to be censured by others1 as an  
evidence of  my too much parsimony and  
narrowness of mind1 as being altogether 
unusual1 and not according to the mode  
of these times3 yet it is  agreeable to 
the sense of my heart1 and ,i do very   
much desire my ,will  may be carefully  
observed herein1 hoping it may become   
exemplary to  some or other3 at least   
however testifying at my death--what ,i 
have so  often and earnestly professed  
in my life time--my utter dislike of the
  flatteries commonly used in ,funeral  
,sermons1 and of the vast expenses      

otherwise laid out in ,funeral          
solemnities and entertainments1 with    
very little benefit to any2 which if    
bestowed in pious and charitable  works1
 might redound to the public or private 
benefit of many  persons4    ,sidenote3 
,his death    ,i am next to tell1 that  
he died the #bith of ,january1 #affb2   
and that  his body was buried in        
,buckden1 the third day after his death2
 and for  the manner1 that it was as far
 from ostentation as he desired it2  and
 all the rest of his ,will was as       
punctually performed4 ,and when  ,i     
have--to his just praise--told this     
truth1 that he died far from  being     
rich1 ,i shall return back to visit1 and
 give a further account  of him on his  
last sick bed4    ,his last ,will--of   
which ,i have mentioned a part--was made
 about three  weeks before his death1   
about which time1 finding his strength  
to  decay by reason of his constant     
infirmity1 and a consumptive cough      
added to it1 he retired to his chamber1 

expressing a desire to enjoy  his last  
thoughts to himself in private1 without 
disturbance or care1  especially of what
 might concern this world4 ,and that    
none of his  ,clergy--which are more    
numerous than any other ,bishop's--might
 suffer  by his retirement1 he did by   
commission impower his ,chaplain1 ,mr4  
,pullin1#ca with ,episcopal power to    
give institutions to all livings  or    
,church-preferments1 during this his    
disability to do it himself4  ,in this  
time of his retirement he longed for his
 dissolution2 and when  some that loved 
him prayed for his recovery1 if he at   
any time found  any amendment1 he seemed
 to be displeased1 by saying1 ,his      
friends  said their prayers backward for
 him3 and that it was not his desire to 
live a useless life1 and by filling up a
 place keep another out of it1  that    
might do ,god and his ,church service4  
,he would often with  much joy and      
thankfulness mention1 ,that during his  
being a  housekeeper--which was more    

than forty years--there had not been one
  buried out of his family1 and that he 
was now like to be the first4  ,he would
 also often mention with thankfulness1  
,that till he was  three score years of 
age1 he had never spent five shillings  
in law1  nor--upon himself--so much in  
wine3 and rejoiced much that he had  so 
lived1 as never to cause an hour's      
sorrow to his good father2 and  hoped he
 should die without an enemy4           
,sidenote3 ,rules and habits    ,he1 in 
this retirement1 had the ,church prayers
 read in his chamber  twice every day2  
and at nine at night1 some prayers read 
to him and  a part of his family out of 
,the ,whole ,duty of ,man4 ,as he was   
remarkably punctual and regular in all  
his studies and actions1 so he  used    
himself to be for his meals4 ,and his   
dinner being appointed to  be constantly
 ready at the ending of prayers1 and he 
expecting and  calling for it1 was      
answered1 ,it would be ready in a       
quarter of an  hour4 ,to which his reply

 was1 ,a quarter of an hour6 ,is a      
quarter  of an hour nothing to a man    
that probably has days not many hours to
  live8 ,and though he did live many    
hours after this1 yet he lived  not many
 days2 for the day after--which was     
three days before his  death--he was    
become so weak and weary of either      
motion or sitting1  that he was content1
 or forced1 to keep his bed3 in which ,i
 desire he  may rest1 till ,i have given
 some account of his behaviour there1   
and  immediately before it4             
,sidenote3 ,his last days    ,the day   
before he took his bed1--which was three
 days before his  death1--he1 that he   
might receive a new assurance for the   
pardon of  his sins past1 and be        
strengthened in his way to the ,new     
,jerusalem1  took the blessed ,sacrament
 of the ,body and ,blood of his and our 
blessed ,jesus1 from the hands of his   
,chaplain1 ,mr4 ,pullin1 accompanied    
with his wife1 children1 and a friend1  
in as awful1 humble1 and ardent  a      

manner1 as outward reverence could      
express4 ,after the praise and          
thanksgiving for it was ended1 he spake 
to this purpose3 ,thou1 ,o  ,god6       
tookest me out of my mother's womb1 and 
hast been the powerful  protector of me 
to this present moment of my life3 ,thou
 hast neither  forsaken me now ,i am    
become greyheaded1 nor suffered me to   
forsake  thee in the late days of       
temptation1 and sacrifice my conscience 
for  the preservation of my liberty or  
estate4 ,it was by grace that ,i have   
stood1 when others have fallen under my 
trials3 and these mercies ,i  now       
remember with joy and thankfulness2 and 
my hope and desire is1  that ,i may die 
praising thee4    ,sidenote3 ,use of the
 ,psalms    ,the frequent repetition of 
the ,psalms of ,david1 hath been noted  
to be  a great part of the devotion of  
the primitive ,christians2 the ,psalms  
having in them not only prayers and holy
 instructions1 but such  commemorations 
of ,god's mercies1 as may preserve1     

comfort1 and confirm  our dependence on 
the power1 and providence1 and mercy of 
our ,creator4  ,and this is mentioned in
 order to telling1 that as the holy     
,psalmist  said1 that his eyes should   
prevent both the dawning of the day and 
night watches1 by meditating on ,god's  
word 7,psal4 cxix4 #adg71 so it  was    
,dr4 ,sanderson's constant practice     
every morning to entertain his  first   
waking thoughts with a repetition of    
those very ,psalms that  the ,church    
hath appointed to be constantly read in 
the daily ,morning  service3 and having 
at night laid him in his bed1 he as     
constantly  closed his eyes with a      
repetition of those appointed for the   
service  of the evening1 remembering and
 repeating the very ,psalms appointed   
for every day2 and as the month had     
formerly ended and began again1  so did 
this exercise of his devotion4 ,and if  
his first waking thoughts  were of the  
world1 or what concerned it1 he would   
arraign and condemn  himself for it4    

,thus he began that work on earth1 which
 is now his  employment in ,heaven4     
,sidenote3 ,death    ,after his taking  
his bed1 and about a day before his     
death1 he  desired his ,chaplain1 ,mr4  
,pullin1 to give him absolution3 and at 
his  performing that office1 he pulled  
off his cap1 that ,mr4 ,pullin  might   
lay his hand upon his bare head4 ,after 
this desire of his was  satisfied1 his  
body seemed to be at more ease1 and his 
mind more  cheerful2 and he said1 ,lord1
 forsake me not now my strength faileth 
me2 but continue thy mercy1 and let my  
mouth be filled with thy  praise4 ,he   
continued the remaining night and day   
very patient1 and  thankful for any of  
the little offices that were performed  
for his  ease and refreshment3 and      
during that time did often say the      
#ajcrd  ,psalm to himself1 and very     
often these words1 ,my heart is fixed1  
,o  ,god6 my heart is fixed where true  
joy is to be found4 ,his thoughts       
seemed now to be wholly of death1 for   

which he was so prepared1 that  the     
,king of ,terrors could not surprise him
 as a thief in the night3  for he had   
often said1 he was prepared1 and longed 
for it4 ,and as this  desire seemed to  
come from ,heaven1 so it left him not   
till his soul  ascended to that region  
of blessed spirits1 whose employments   
are to  join in concert with him1 and   
sing praise and glory to that ,god1 who 
hath brought them to that place1 into   
which sin and sorrow cannot  enter4     
,thus this pattern of meekness and      
primitive innocence changed this for  a 
better life4 ',tis now too late to wish 
that my life may be like  his2 for ,i am
 in the eighty-fifth year of my age3 but
 ,i humbly beseech  ,almighty ,god1 that
 my death may3 and do as earnestly beg  
of every  ,reader1 to say--,amen4       
,blessed is the man in whose spirit     
there is no guile1 ,psal4 xxxii4 #b4    
,footnote #a3 ,this is a mistake2       
,bishop ,sanderson was born at          
,sheffield  on the #aith of ,september4 

,footnote #b3 ,thomas ,scot1 or         
,rotheram1 so called after his          
birth-place1 ,fellow of ,king's         
,college1 in ,cambridge1 was afterward  
,master of ,pembroke ,hall1 and #adhc   
and #adhd1 ,chancellor of the           
,university4 ,he obtained great         
ecclesiastical preferment1 being        
successively ,provost of ,beverley1     
,bishop of ,rochester and of ,lincoln1  
and lastly ,archbishop of ,york4 ,nor   
was he less adorned with civil  honours1
 having been appointed1 first1 ,keeper  
of the ,privy ,seal1 and  then ,lord    
,chancellor of ,england4 ,the two       
,universities and his native  town still
 enjoy the fruits of his bounty4 ,he    
died #bith ,may1 #aejj4    ,footnote #c3
 ,dr4 ,gilbert ,sheldon was born ,july  
#ai1 #aeih4--;,his father1  ,roger      
,sheldon1 though of no obscure          
parentage1 was a menial servant  to     
,gilbert ,earl of ,shrewsbury4--,he was 
of ,trinity ,college1 ,oxford1 and  took
 his ,master's degree in ,may1 #afbj4   

,he was introduced to ,charles ,i4  by  
,lord ,coventry1 and became one of ,his 
,majesty's ,chaplains4 ,upon the        
,restoration1 he was made ,dean of the  
,chapel ,royal1 succeeded ,dr4 ,juxon   
as ,bishop of ,london1 and after as     
,archbishop of ,canterbury2 in #affg  he
 was elected ,chancellor of the         
,university of ,oxford4 ,he died at     
,lambeth1 ,nov4 #i1 #afgg4    ,footnote 
#d3 ,dr4 ,richard ,kilbie1 born at      
,ratcliffe1 in ,leicestershire1  and a  
great benefactor to his ,college1 since 
he restored the neglected  library1     
added eight new repositories for books1 
and gave to it  many excellent volumes4 
,he became ,rector in #aeij1 and in     
#afaj he was  appointed the ,king's     
,hebrew ,professor4 ,he died in #afbj4  
,footnote #e3 ,an edition of this work  
was published in ,oxford so  recently as
 #ahda4    ,footnote #f3 ,mr4 ,charles  
,crooke1 a younger son of ,sir ,john    
,crooke1 of  ,chilton1 in ,bucks1 one of
 the ,justices of the ,king's ,bench4   

,in #afae1  he proceeded ,d4,d41 being  
then ,rector of ,amersham and a ,fellow 
of ,eton  ,college4    ,footnote #g3    
,brother of ,george ,abbot1 ,archbishop 
of ,canterbury1 born  at ,guildford in  
#aefj1 and promoted to the ,see of      
,salisbury in #afae1 as  a reward for   
his ,lectures against ,suarez and       
,bellarmine1 in defence of  the ,king's 
supreme power4 ,on his way to ,sarum1 he
 made an oration to  the ,university1   
and his friends parted from him with    
tears4 ,he died  ,march #bnd1 #afag-h4  
,footnote #h3 ,dr4 ,john ,prideaux1 born
 at ,harford1 in ,devon in #aegh1 and   
,rector of ,exeter ,college in #afab1   
when he acquired so much fame in the    
government of it1 that several eminent  
foreigners placed themselves  under his 
care4 ,he was made ,king's ,professor in
 ,divinity in #afae1 and  ,bishop of    
,worcester in #afda2 but was reduced to 
great poverty in the  ,civil ,wars1 and 
died ,july #bjth1 #afej4    ,footnote   
#i3 ,dr4 ,arthur ,lake1 born at         

,southampton about #aeej1 and  educated 
at ,winchester ,school1 whence he       
proceeded to ,new ,college1  ,oxford4   
,he was created ,dean of ,worcester in  
#afjh1 and ,bishop of ,bath  and ,wells 
in #afaf4 ,he died on #dth ,may1 #afbf4 
,footnote #aj3 ,dr4 ,tobias             
,matthew--died ,march #bi1 #afbh1 aged  
#hc4    ,footnote #aa3 ,dr4 ,william    
,laud1 born at ,reading1 ,oct4 #g1      
#aegc1 and  educated there1 and at ,st4 
,john's ,college1 ,oxford4 ,in #afaf1 he
 was  made ,dean of ,gloucester1 in     
#afba ,bishop of ,st4 ,david's1 and in  
#afbb he  had a conference with ,fisher 
the ,jesuit1 of which the printed       
account  evinces how opposed he was to  
,popery2 but his ,arminian tenets gave  
offence to the ,calvinists4 ,in #afbf he
 was translated to the ,see of  ,bath   
and ,wells1 in #afbh to ,london1 and in 
#afcc to ,canterbury4 ,his zeal  for the
 establishment of the ,liturgy in       
,scotland produced him numerous         
enemies1 by whose means he was          

imprisoned in the ,tower for three      
years1 and beheaded ,jan4 #ajth1        
#afdd-de4 ,his works were published at  
,oxford1 #f vols4 #hvo41 #ahdg-i4       
,footnote #ab3 ,dr4 ,henry ,hammond was 
born at ,chertsey1 in ,surrey1 ,aug4    
#ahth1 #afje1 and was educated at ,eton1
 and ,magdalen ,college1 ,oxford4  ,his 
loyalty caused him to be deprived of his
 preferments during the  ,civil ,wars1  
and at the ,restoration he was designed 
for ,bishop of  ,worcester1 but died    
before consecration1 ,april #beth1      
#affj4 ,his  principal works are1 his   
,practical ,catechism1 and ,a           
,paraphrase and  ,annotations on the    
,new ,testament4    ,footnote #ac3 ,dr4 
,thomas ,pierce1 for some years         
,president of ,magdalen  ,college1      
,oxford4 ,in his epitaph composed by    
himself he says1 ,here  lies all that   
was mortal1 the outside1 dust1 and ashes
 of ,thomas  ,pierce1 ,d4,d41 once the  
,president of a ,college in ,oxford1 at 
first the  ,rector of                   

,brington-cum-,membris1 ,canon of       
,lincoln1 and at last ,dean  of ,sarum2 
who fell asleep in the ,lord ,jesus     
,mar4 #bh1 an4 #afia1 but  in hope of an
 awake at the resurrection4    ,footnote
 #ad3 ,dr4 ,matthew ,wren1 successively 
,bishop of ,hereford1  ,norwich1 and    
,ely1 died ,april #ad1 #affg1 aged      
eighty-one years and  upwards4 ,he was  
distinguished for his extraordinary     
attachment to the  royal cause1 having  
suffered an imprisonment for eighteen   
years with  singular patience and       
magnanimity4    ,it should not be       
forgotten1 that when ,cromwell had      
repeatedly offered  to release the      
,bishop1 he refused to accept of the    
proffered boon1  saying1 that he scorned
 to receive his liberty from a tyrant   
and  usurper4 ,his life was kindly      
prolonged by ,providence1 that as he had
  seen the destruction1 so he might also
 see the happy restoration of  his      
order4    ,footnote #ae3 ,born at       
,geneva on ,august #ad1 #aeii1 and      

educated at  ,christ ,church1 ,oxford4  
,archbishop ,laud gave him the living of
 ,minster1  ,kent1 and a ,prebend in the
 ,cathedral of ,canterbury4 ,he suffered
  much in the civil wars1 but at the    
,restoration he recovered his           
preferments4 ,among his works are ,a    
,treatise of ,use and ,custom1  #afch1  
,de ,quatuor ,linguis ,commentatio1     
#afej1 ,of ,credulity and  ,incredulity1
 #affh4 ,he died on ,july #ad1 #afga4   
,footnote #af3 ,dr4 ,john ,williams was 
then ,dean of ,westminster4 ,he held    
this ,deanery in ,commendam during the  
whole time of his being ,bishop  of     
,lincoln1 and likewise three years after
 his translation to ,york4    ,footnote 
#ag3 ,was born at ,anstley1 in          
,wiltshire1 in #aeij2 he received  his  
education in ,william of ,wykeham's     
school1 near ,winchester2 was           
matriculated in the ,university of      
,oxford in #afjh1 and admitted ,fellow  
of ,new ,college in #afji4 ,he took the 
degree of ,,ll4,b4 ,june #cj1 #afad1    

and that of ,,ll4,d4 ,april #h1 #afai4  
,he no sooner had obtained his first    
degree than he became an ,advocate in   
,doctors' ,commons4 ,through the        
influence of his noble kinsman1 who was 
then ,lord of the ,cinque ,ports1  he   
was elected1 in #afbj1 a ,burgess to    
serve in ,parliament for ,hythe  in     
,kent4 ,in the same year he succeeded   
,dr4 ,john ,budden as ,professor  of    
,civil law2 and in #afbe1 he was        
appointed ,principal of ,alban's ,hall4 
,though a layman1 he held the ,prebend  
of ,shipston1 in the ,church of         
,salisbury1 which was then first annexed
 to the ,law ,professorship by  ,james  
,i4    ,after the ,restoration1 ,dr4    
,zouch1 whose loyalty always remained   
unimpeached1 had the honour of being    
named by the ,king1 along with  several 
other ,commissioners1 to restore the    
splendours and regulate  the disorders  
of the ,university4 ,he was re-instated 
in the ,court of  ,admiralty2 and if he 
had lived he would doubtless have       

attained those  higher dignities in his 
profession1 to which his integrity and  
great  abilities entitled him4 ,he died 
at his apartments in ,doctors' ,commons1
  ,london1 ,march #a1 #affj4            
,footnote #ah3 ,let it ever be          
remembered to the honour of this        
,prelate1  whom ,charles ,i4 was wont to
 call the good man1 and whom he declared
  to be his greatest comfort in his most
 afflictive situation1 that he          
delivered his sentiments without        
disguise to the ,king1 on the subject   
of ,lord ,strafford's fate1 telling him 
plainly1 that he ought to do  nothing   
with an unsatisfied conscience1 upon any
 consideration in  the world4 ,his      
character is thus beautifully pourtrayed
 by ,sir ,henry  ,wotton1 in a letter to
 the ,queen of ,bohemia4 ,there is in   
him no  tumour1 no sourness1 no         
distraction of thoughts2 but a quiet    
mind1 a  patient care1 free access1 mild
 and moderate answers4 ,to this ,i must 
add1 a solid judgment1 a sober          

plainness1 and a most indubitable       
character of fidelity in his very face2 
so as there needs not much  study to    
think him both a good man and a wise    
man4    ,footnote #ai3 ,this learned    
person went abroad in #afbf1 and spent  
four years in visiting ,asia and        
,africa4 ,he again left ,england1 and   
travelled over several parts of ,europe4
 ,he afterwards joined the  ,parliament 
against ,charles ,i41 whom he was       
appointed to attend from  the very      
beginning of his imprisonment to the    
time of his death4  ,he shewed himself a
 most faithful servant to the ,king1    
whose real  character he soon discovered
 to be totally different from that which
  had been represented to him4 ,in      
#affj1 ,charles ,,ii4 advanced him to   
the  ,dignity of a ,baronet1 by the name
 of ,thomas ,herbert of ,tinterne1 in   
,monmouth for faithfully serving his    
royal father during the two  last years 
of his life4--,in #afgh he published    
,threnodia ,carolina2  containing       

,memoirs of the two last ,years of the  
reign of ,king ,charles  ,i4 ,this      
little work was reprinted in #ahac1 upon
 the opening the tomb  of the royal     
martyr1 by ,mr4 ,g4 ,nicoll of ,pall    
,mall1 with a sensible  and seasonable  
,preface4 ,sir ,t4 ,herbert assisted    
,sir ,william ,dugdale  in compiling the
 third volume of his ,monasticon        
,anglicanum2 and died  at ,york1 his    
native place1 #afhb1 leaving several    
,,mss4 to the public  library at        
,oxford1 and others to that of the      
,cathedral at ,york4    ,footnote #bj3  
,this is supposed to have been ,mr4     
,swinfen1 an ancestor  7on the female   
side7 of the late ,earl ,st4 ,vincent4  
,footnote #ba3 ,they were all1 except   
,dr4 ,wall1 ejected in #afdg4 ,dr4      
,samuel ,fell died of grief1 the day he 
was made acquainted with the  murder of 
,charles ,i41 viz4 on ,feb4 #a1 #afdh-i4
 ,dr4 ,gardner1 ,canon of  the third    
stall1 lived to be restored1 and died in
 #afgj4 ,dr4 ,paine1  ,canon of the     

fourth stall1 died during the rebellion4
 ,dr4 ,hammond1  ,sub-dean and ,canon of
 the second stall1 died in #affj4 ,as   
for ,dr4 ,wall1  ,canon of the seventh  
stall1 he conformed no doubt to the     
measures of  the ,visitors4 ,he died    
possessed of it in #afff4    ,footnote  
#bb3 ,mr4 ,thomas ,brightman1 born at   
,nottingham1 and educated  at ,queen's  
,college in ,cambridge1 was ,rector of  
,hawnes in ,bedfordshire4  ,he died     
suddenly ,aug4 #bd1 #afjg4    ,mr4      
,thomas ,cartwright1 the noted ,puritan1
 in allusion to the name of  ,mr4       
,brightman1 considers him as full of    
illumination as a bright star  in the   
,church of ,god4 ,though no favourable  
opinion can be entertained  of his      
writings1 yet the acknowledged innocence
 of his life and  conversation entitles 
him to every encomium4    ,footnote #bc3
 ,honest ,walton rather overstates the  
case4 ,thucydides  simply says that     
attendance on the sick promoted the     
spread of the  pestilence4 7,lib4 ,,ii4 

c4 #ea47    ,footnote #bd3 ,this amiable
 philosopher was born ,jan4 #beth1      
#afbf-ag1 at  ,lismore1 in the province 
of ,munster1 in ,ireland4 ,he was a     
scholar1 a  gentleman1 a ,christian of  
the most exalted piety and charity1 and 
a  very eminent ,natural philosopher4   
,he died ,dec4 #cjth1 #afia4            
,footnote #be3 ,dr4 ,thomas ,barlow was 
born in #afjg1 at ,orton1 in            
,westmoreland1 was made ,bishop of      
,lincoln1 in #afge1 and died at         
,buckden1 in #afia4 ,his character      
appears to have been vacillating2 he    
was not among the venerable ,prelates   
who stood forth the ,protectors  of the 
,protestant ,religion in #afhh4 ,his    
theological learning was  considerable4 
,footnote #bf3 ,richard ,baxter was born
 at ,rowton1 in ,shropshire1 #afae1  and
 was a ,chaplain in the ,parliamentary  
,army1 though he was a defender  of     
,monarchy4 ,he refused the ,bishopric of
 ,hereford1 and died in #afia4  ,his    
,saint's ,everlasting ,rest and ,call to

 the ,unconverted are his  most famous  
books4    ,footnote #bg3 ,dr4 ,peter    
,gunning was a loyalist ,divine1 who    
suffered  considerably for the ,royal   
cause1 and died ,bishop of ,ely1 in     
#afhd4    ,footnote #bh3 ,dr4 ,john     
,pearson was the author of the famous   
,exposition of the ,creed2 in #affa1 he 
was made ,lady ,margaret's  ,professor  
of ,divinity1 at ,cambridge1 and died   
,bishop of ,chester1 in  #afhf1 aged    
#gd4    ,footnote #bi3 ,dr4 ,william    
,bancroft1 born at ,freshingfield1 in   
,suffolk1  in #afaf1 and educated at    
,emanuel ,college1 ,cambridge1 where he 
was deprived of his ,fellowship in      
#afdi1 for refusing to take the         
engagement4 ,he was made ,archbishop in 
#afgg1 and in #afhh1 he was one of  the 
seven ,prelates sent to the ,tower by   
,james ,,ii4 ,at the ,revolution  he    
refused taking the ,oaths to the new    
government1 for which he was  suspended 
and deprived4 ,he died in retirement    
,nov4 #adth1 #afic4    ,footnote #cj3   

,bishop ,sanderson's ,will is recorded  
in the ,prerogative  ,court of          
,canterbury1 in the volume called       
,juxon1 ,article #cg4 ,after his  death1
 it was industriously reported that he  
repented of his writing  against the    
,presbyterians1 and would not suffer a  
,church ,minister to  pray by him1 which
 is refuted by the narrative of ,mr4    
,pullin's giving  him the ,sacrament4   
,footnote #ca3 ,mr4 ,john ,pullin1      
,b4,d41 and formerly ,fellow of         
,magdalen  ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,his   
name is subscribed to a copy of         
commendatory  ,latin verses prefixed to 
,duport's ,greek ,version of ,job4 ,he  
was a  ,prebendary1 and also ,chancellor
 of ,lincoln4          ,,dr4 ,,pierce',s
 ,,letter4      ,sidenote3 ,letters from
 ,sanderson    ,,good ,,mr4 ,,walton1   
,at my return to this place1 ,i made a  
yet stricter search after the  letters  
long ago sent me from our most excellent
 ,dr4 ,sanderson1 before  the happy     
restoration of the ,king and ,church of 

,england to their  several rights3 in   
one of which letters more especially1 he
 was  pleased to give me a narrative    
both of the rise and the progress1  and 
reasons also1 as well of his younger1 as
 of his last and riper  judgment1       
touching the famous points controverted 
between the  ,calvinians and the        
,armenians1 as they are commonly 7though
 unjustly  and unskilfully7 miscalled on
 either side4    ,sidenote3 ,dr4        
,hammond's book    ,the whole letter ,i 
allude to does consist of several       
sheets1 whereof  a good part had been   
made public long ago1 by the most       
learned1 most  judicious1 most pious    
,dr4 ,hammond1 7to whom ,i sent it both 
for his  private1 and for the public    
satisfaction1 if he thought fit17 in his
  excellent book1 entitled1 ,a ,pacific 
,discourse of ,god's ,grace and         
,decrees1 in full accordance with ,dr4  
,sanderson3 to which discourse  ,i refer
 you for an account of ,dr4 ,sanderson  
and the history of his  thoughts in his 

own hand-writing1 wherein ,i sent it to 
,westwood1 as ,i  received it from      
,boothby ,pannel4 ,and although the     
whole book1 7printed  in the year #affj1
 and reprinted since with his other     
tracts in folio17  is very worthy of    
your perusal2 yet1 for the work you are 
about1 you  shall not have need to read 
more at present than from the #hth to   
the  #bcrd page1 and as far as the end  
of section #cc4 ,there you will find in 
what year the excellent man1 whose life 
you write1 became a ,master of  ,arts3  
how his first reading of learned ,hooker
 had been occasioned by  certain        
puritanical pamphlets2 and how good a   
preparative he found it  for his reading
 of ,calvin's ,institutions1 the honour 
of whose name  7at that time especially7
 gave such credit to his errors3 how he 
erred  with ,mr4 ,calvin1 whilst he took
 things upon trust in the sublapsarian  
way3 how1 being chosen to be a ,clerk of
 the ,convocation for the  ,diocese of  
,lincoln1 #afbe1 he reduced the         

,quinquarticular ,controversy  into five
 schemes or tables2 and thereupon       
discerned a necessity of  quitting the  
sublapsarian way1 of which he had before
 a better liking1  as well as the       
supralapsarian1 which he could never    
fancy4 ,there you  will meet with his   
two weighty reasons against them both1  
and find his  happy change of judgment  
to have been ever since the year #afbe1 
even  thirty-four years before the world
 either knew1 or1 at least1 took  notice
 of it2 and more particularly his       
reasons for rejecting ,dr4  ,twiss1 7or 
the way he walks in17 although his acute
 and very learned  and ancient friend4  
,sidenote3 ,arriba discussed    ,i now  
proceed to let you know from ,dr4       
,sanderson's own hand1#a which  was     
never printed1 7and which you can hardly
 know from any1 unless  from his son1 or
 from myself17 that1 when that          
,parliament was broken  up1 and the     
convocation therewith dissolved1 a      
gentleman of his  acquaintance1 by      

occasion of some discourse about these  
points1 told  him of a book not long    
before published at ,paris1 7,a4,d4     
#afbc17 by a  ,spanish ,bishop1#b who   
had undertaken to clear the differences 
in  the great controversy ,de ,concordia
 ,grati et ,liberi ,arbitrii4 ,and      
because his friend perceived he was     
greedily desirous to see the book1  he  
sent him one of them1 containing the    
four first books of twelve  which he    
intended then to publish4 ,when ,i had  
read1 says ,dr4  ,sanderson1 in the     
following words of the same letter1 his 
,epistle  ,dedicatory to the ,pope      
7,gregory ,,xv471 he spake so highly of 
his own  invention1 that ,i then began  
rather to suspect him for a mountebank1 
than to hope ,i should find satisfaction
 from his performances4 ,i found  much  
confidence and great pomp of words1 but 
little matter as to the  main knot of   
the business1 other than had been said  
an hundred times  before1 to wit1 of the
 co-existence of all things past1       

present1 and  future ,latin in mente    
divina realiter ab aeterno1 which is    
the subject of his whole third book3    
only he interpreteth the word  realiter 
so as to import not only prsentialitatem
 objectivam1 7as  others held before    
him17 but propriam et actualem          
existentiam2 yet  confesseth it is hard 
to make this intelligible4 ,in his      
fourth book  he endeavours to declare a 
twofold manner of ,god's working ad     
extra2  the one sub ordine              
prdestinationis1 of which eternity is   
the proper  measure3 the other sub      
ordine gratia1 whereof time is the      
measure2 and that ,god worketh fortiter 
in the one 7though not                  
irresistibiliter7 as well suamter in the
 other1 wherein the  free will hath his 
proper working also4 ,from the result of
 his whole  performance ,i was confirmed
 in this opinion2 that we must          
acknowledge  the work of both grace and 
free will in the conversion of a        
sinner2 and so likewise in all other    

events1 the consistency of the          
infallibility of ,god's foreknowledge at
 least 7though not with any  absolute1  
but conditional predestination7 with the
 liberty of man's  will1 and the        
contingency of inferior causes and      
effects4 ,these1 ,i  say1 we must       
acknowledge for the ,greek3 hoti but for
 the ,greek3 to  pos1 ,i thought it     
bootless for me to think of             
comprehending it4 ,and  so came the two 
,acta ,synodalia ,dordrechtana to stand 
in my study1  only to fill up a room to 
this day4    ,sidenote3 ,vindici ,grati 
discussed    ,and yet see the restless  
curiosity of man4 ,not many years after1
 to  wit1 ,a4,d4 #afcb1 out cometh ,dr4 
,twiss's#c ,vindici ,grati1 a large     
volume1 purposely writ against          
,arminius3 and then1 notwithstanding my 
former resolution1 ,i must need be      
meddling again4 ,the respect ,i bore  to
 his person and great learning1 and the 
acquaintance ,i had had with  him in    
,oxford1 drew me to the reading of that 

whole book4 ,but from the  reading of it
 7for ,i read it through to a syllable7 
,i went away with  many and great       
dissatisfactions4 ,sundry things in that
 book ,i took  notice of1 which brought 
me into a greater dislike of his opinion
 than  ,i had before3 but especially    
these three3 ,first1 that he bottometh  
very much of his discourse upon a very  
erroneous principle1 which yet  he      
seemeth to be so deeply in love with1   
that he hath repeated it1 ,i  verily    
believe1 some hundreds of times in that 
work3 to wit this2  ,that whatsoever is 
first in the intention is last in       
execution1 and  e converso4 ,which is an
 error of that magnitude1 that ,i cannot
  but wonder how a person of such       
acuteness and subtilty of wit could     
possibly be deceived with it4 ,all      
logicians know there is no such         
universal maxim as he buildeth upon4    
,the true maxim is but this3  ,finis qui
 primus est in intentione1 est ultimus  
in executione4 ,in  the order of final  

causes1 and the means used for that end1
 the rule  holdeth perpetually3 but in  
other things it holdeth not at all1 or  
but by chance2 or not as a rule1 and    
necessarily4 ,secondly1 that1           
foreseeing such consequences would      
naturally and necessarily follow  from  
his opinion1 as would offend the ear of 
a sober ,christian at the  very first   
sound1 he would yet rather choose not   
only to admit the  said harsh           
consequences1 but professedly endeavour 
also to maintain  them1 and plead hard  
for them in large digressions1 than to  
recede  in the least from that opinion  
which he had undertaken to defend4      
,thirdly1 that seeing 7out of the       
sharpness of his wit7 a necessity of    
forsaking the ordinary sublapsarian way1
 and the supralapsarian too1  as it had 
diversely been declared by all that had 
gone before him1  7for the shunning of  
those rocks1 which either of those ways 
must  unavoidably cast him upon17 he was
 forced to seek out an untrodden  path1 

and to frame out of his own brain a new 
way1 7like a spider's  web wrought out  
of her own bowels17 hoping by that      
device to salve all  absurdities1 that  
could be objected2 to wit1 by making the
 glory of  ,god 7as it is indeed the    
chiefest1 so7 the only end of all other 
his  decrees1 and then making all those 
other decrees to be but one  entire     
co-ordinate medium conducing to that one
 end1 and so the whole  subordinate to  
it1 but not any one part thereof        
subordinate to any  other of the same4  
,dr4 ,twiss should have done well to    
have been more  sparing in imputing the 
studium partlum to others1 wherewith his
 own  eyes1 though of eminent           
perspicacity1 were so strangely         
blindfolded1  that he could not discern 
how this his new device1 and his old    
dearly  beloved principle1 7like the    
,cadmean ,sparti17 do mutually destroy  
the one the other4    ,this relation of 
my past thoughts having spun out to a   
far greater  length than ,i intended1 ,i

 shall give a shorter account of what   
they  now are concerning these points4  
,sidenote3 ,hammond and ,sanderson      
,for which account ,i refer you to the  
following parts of ,dr4 ,hammond's  book
 aforesaid1 where you may find them     
already printed3 and  for another       
account at large of ,bishop ,sanderson's
 last judgment  concerning ,god's       
concurrence or non-concurrence with the 
actions  of men1 and the positive entity
 of sins of commission1 ,i refer you  to
 his letters already printed by his     
consent1 in my large ,appendix to  my   
,impartial ,enquiry into the ,nature of 
,sin1  #fh1 p4 #aic1 as far as  p4 #bjj4
    ,sir1 ,i have rather made it my     
choice to transcribe all above out of   
the letters of ,dr4 ,sanderson1 which   
lie before me1 than venture the  loss of
 my originals by post or carrier1 which1
 though not often1 yet  sometimes fail4 
,make use of as much or as little as you
 please1 of  what ,i send you from      
himself 7because from his own letters to

 me7 in  the penning of his life1 as    
your own prudence shall direct you3     
using  my name for your warranty in the 
account given of him1 as much or as     
little as you please too4 ,you have a   
performance of my promise1 and an       
obedience to your desires from    ,your 
affectionate    ,humble ,servant1       
,,tho4 ,,pierce4    ,north ,tidworth1   
,march #e1 #afgg-h4      ,footnote #a3  
,sir1 ,i pray note1 that all that       
follows between inverted  commas are    
,dr4 ,sanderson's own words1 excellently
 worthy1 but no where  else extant2 and 
commend him as much as any thing you can
 say of him4  ,t4,p4    ,footnote #b3   
,arriba4    ,footnote #c3 ,this learned 
nonconformist was born at ,reading about
  #aege1 and educated at ,winchester    
,school1 and ,new ,college1 ,oxford4 ,he
  had been ,chaplain to the ,princess   
,elizabeth4 ,he died at ,newbury1 ,july 
#bj1 #afdf4 ,wood says1 his plain       
preaching was esteemed good2 his solid  
disputations were accounted better2 but 

his pious life was reckoned  best of    
all4          ,,the ,,bishop ,,of       
,,lincoln',s ,,letter4      ,sidenote3  
,sanderson's ,life    ,sidenote3        
,erroneous doctrines    ,,my ,,worthy   
,,friend1 ,,mr4 ,,walton1    ,i am      
heartily glad1 that you have undertaken 
to write the ,life of that  excellent   
person1 and1 both for learning and      
,piety1 eminent ,prelate1  ,dr4         
,sanderson1 late ,bishop of ,lincoln2   
because ,i know your ability to  know1  
and integrity to write truth3 ,and sure 
,i am1 that the life  and actions of    
that pious and learned ,prelate will    
afford you matter  enough for his       
commendation1 and the imitation of      
posterity4 ,in order  to the carrying on
 your intended good work1 you desire my 
assistance1  that ,i would communicate  
to you such particular passages of his  
life1  as were certainly known to me4 ,i
 confess ,i had the happiness to be     
particularly known to him for about the 
space of twenty years2 and1  in ,oxon1  

to enjoy his conversation1 and his      
learned and pious  instructions while he
 was ,regius ,professor of ,divinity    
there4  ,afterwards1 when 7in the time  
of our late unhappy confusions7 he  left
 ,oxon1 and was retired into the        
country1 ,i had the benefit of his      
letters2 wherein1 with great candour and
 kindness1 he answered those  doubts ,i 
proposed1 and gave me that satisfaction1
 which ,i neither had  nor expected from
 some others of greater confidence1 but 
less judgment  and humility4 ,having1 in
 a letter1 named two or three books writ
 7ex  professo7 against the being of any
 original sin2 and that ,adam1  by his  
fall1 transmitted some calamity only1   
but no crime to his  posterity2 the good
 old man was exceedingly troubled1 and  
bewailed the  misery of those licentious
 times1 and seemed to wonder 7save that 
the  times were such7 that any should   
write1 or be permitted to publish  any  
error so contradictory to truth1 and the
 doctrine of the ,church  of ,england1  

established 7as he truly said7 by clear 
evidence of  ,scripture1 and the just   
and supreme power of this nation1 both  
sacred  and civil4 ,i name not the      
books1 nor their authors1 which are not 
unknown to learned men 7and ,i wish they
 had never been known7 because  both the
 doctrine and the unadvised abettors of 
it are1 and shall be1  to me apocryphal4
    ,sidenote3 ,de ,conscienti          
,another little story ,i must not pass  
in silence1 being an argument  of ,dr4  
,sanderson's piety1 great ability1 and  
judgment1 as a casuist4  ,discoursing   
with an honourable person#a 7whose piety
 ,i value more  than his nobility and   
learning1 though both be great7 about a 
case of  conscience concerning oath and 
vows1 their nature and obligation2 in   
which1 for some particular reasons1 he  
then desired more fully to  be informed2
 ,i commended to him ,dr4 ,sanderson's  
book ,de ,juramento2  which having read1
 with great satisfaction1 he asked      
me1--,if ,i  thought the ,doctor could  

be induced to write ,cases of           
,conscience1  if he might have an       
honorary pension allowed him to furnish 
him with  books for that purpose8 ,i    
told him ,i believed he would3 ,and1 in 
a  letter to the ,doctor1 told him what 
great satisfaction that honourable      
person1 and many more1 had reaped by    
reading his book ,de ,juramento2  and   
asked him whether he would be pleased1  
for the benefit of the  ,church1 to     
write some tract of ,cases of           
,conscience2 ,he replied1 ,that  he was 
glad that any had received any benefit  
by his books3 and added  further1 ,that 
if any future tract of his could bring  
such benefit  to any1 as we seemed to   
say his former had done1 he would       
willingly1  though without any ,pension1
 set about that work4 ,having received  
this  answer1 that honourable person1   
before mentioned1 did1 by my hands1     
return #ejl4 to the good ,doctor1 whose 
condition then 7as most  good men's at  
that time were7 was but low2 and he     

presently revised1  finished1 and       
published that excellent book1 ,de      
,conscienti3 a book  little in bulk1 but
 not so if we consider the benefit an   
intelligent  reader may receive by it4  
,for there are so many general          
propositions  concerning conscience1 the
 nature and obligation of it1 explained 
and  proved1 with such firm consequence 
and evidence of reason1 that he who     
reads1 remembers1 and can with prudence 
pertinently apply them hic  et nunc to  
particular cases1 may1 by their light   
and help1 rationally  resolve a thousand
 particular doubts and scruples of      
conscience4 ,here  you may see the      
charity of that honourable person in    
promoting1  and the piety and industry  
of the good ,doctor1 in performing that 
excellent work4    ,sidenote3 ,a good   
casuist3    ,sidenote3 his equipment    
,and here ,i shall add the judgment of  
that learned and pious ,prelate         
concerning a passage very pertinent to  
our present purpose4 ,when he  was in   

,oxon1 and read his public lectures in  
the school as ,regius  ,professor of    
,divinity1 and by the truth of his      
positions1 and  evidences of his proofs1
 gave great content and satisfaction to 
all  his hearers1 especially in his     
clear resolutions of all difficult      
cases which occurred in the explication 
of the subject-matter of his  lectures2 
a person of quality 7yet alive7         
privately asked him1 ,what  course a    
young ,divine should take in his studies
 to enable him to be a  good casuist8   
,his answer was1 ,that a convenient     
under of the learned  languages1 at     
least of ,hebrew1 ,greek1 and ,latin1   
and a sufficient  knowledge of arts and 
sciences presupposed2 ,i there were two 
things in  human literature1 a          
comprehension of which would be of very 
great use1  to enable a man to be a     
rational and able casuist1 which        
otherwise was  very difficult1 if not   
impossible3 ,i4 ,a convenient knowledge 
of moral  philosophy2 especially that   

part of it which treats of the nature of
  human actions3 ,to know1 'quid sit    
actus humanus 7spontaneus1 invitus1     
mixtus71 unde habet bonitatem et        
malitiam moralem8 an ex genere et       
objecto1 vel ex circumstantiis8' ,how   
the variety of circumstances  varies the
 goodness or evil of human actions8 ,how
 far knowledge and  ignorance may       
aggravate or excuse1 increase or        
diminish the goodness  or evil of our   
actions8 ,for every case of conscience  
being only  this--',is this action good 
or bad8 ,may ,i do it1 or may ,i        
not8'--,he  who1 in these1 knows not how
 and whence human actions become morally
  good and evil1 never can 7in          
hypothesi7 rationally and certainly     
determine1 whether this or that         
particular action be so4--#b4 ,the      
second thing1 which1 he said1 would be a
 great help and advantage to  a casuist1
 was a convenient knowledge of the      
nature and obligation of  laws in       
general3 to know what a law is2 what a  

natural and a positive  law2 what's     
required to the 'latio1 dispensato1     
derogatio1 vel  abrogalio legis2' what  
promulgation is antecedently required to
  the obligation of any positive law2   
what ignorance takes off the  obligation
 of a law1 or does excuse1 diminish1 or 
aggravate the  transgression3 ,for every
 case of conscience being only          
this--',is this  lawful for me1 or is it
 not8' and the law the only rule and    
measure by  which ,i must judge of the  
lawfulness or unlawfulness of any       
action2  it evidently follows1 that he  
who1 in these1 knows not the nature and 
obligation of laws1 never can be a good 
casuist1 or rationally assure  himself  
or others1 of the lawfulness or         
unlawfulness of actions in  particular4 
,sidenote3 ,conclusion    ,this was the 
judgment and good counsel of that       
learned and pious  ,prelate3 ,and       
having1 by long experience1 found the   
truth and benefit  of it1 ,i conceive1  
,i could not without ingratitude to him1

 and want  of charity to others1 conceal
 it4--,pray pardon this rude1 and1 ,i   
fear  impertinent scribble1 which1 if   
nothing else1 may signify thus much1    
that ,i am willing to obey your desires1
 and am indeed1    ,your affectionate   
friend1    ,,thomas ,,lincoln4          
,london1 ,may #aj1 #afgh4      ,footnote
 #a3 ,robert ,boyle1 ,esq4              
,,the ,,works ,,of ,,dr4 ,,robert       
,,sanderson4      ,sidenote3            
,sanderson's ,works    ,i4 ,,logic      
,,artis ,,compendium4 ,oxon4 #afae4     
#hvo4    ,,ii4 ,,physic ,,scienti       
,,compendium1  ,,roberto ,,sanderson1   
,coll4 ,lincoln1  in alm ,oxoniensi olim
 socio1 c4 ,oxoni1 #afga4    ,,iii4     
,,sermons4 ,dr4 ,sanderson's ,,xii4     
,sermons1 #afcb4 #dto4--,dr4            
,sanderson's ,sermons 7including the    
twelve before printed71 #affd4          
,folio4--,ditto1 with his ,life by      
,isaac ,walton1 #afhi4 ,folio4    ,,iv4 
,,nine ,,cases ,,of ,,conscience        
,,determined1 #afgh4 #afhe4 #hvo4    ,v4

 ,,de ,,juramenti ,,promissorii         
,,obligatione ,,pr,,lectiones ,,septem3 
,,habit  in ,,schola ,,theologica       
,,oxonii1 ,termino ,michalis anno ,dom4 
,,mdcxlvi4   ,,roberto ,,sanderson4     
,prmiss ,oratione ab eodem habit cm     
,publicam  ,professionem auspicaretur1  
#bf ,octobris1 #afdf4 ,lona4 #afdg4     
,these ,lectures were translated into   
the ,english language by ,charles ,i4   
during his confinement in the ,isle of  
,wight1 and printed at ,london1 in      
#afee--hvo4    ,,vi4 ,,de ,,obligatione 
,,conscienti ,,pr,,lectiones ,,decem    
,,oxonii in ,,schola  ,,theologica      
,,habit1 anno ,dom4 ,,mdcxlvii4 ,an     
,english translation of the             
,prelections on the ,nature and         
,obligation of ,promissory ,oaths and of
  ,conscience1 was published in #c vols4
 #hvo4 ,london1 #agbb4    ,,vii4        
,,censure ,,of ,,mr4 ,,anton4 ,,ascham  
his ,,book of the ,,confusions and      
,,revolutions of ,,government1 ,london1 
#afdi4 #hvo4    ,,viii4 ,,episcopacy 7as

 established by ,law in ,england7 ,,not 
,,prejudicial  to ,,regal ,,power4      
,written in the ,time of the ,long      
,parliament1 by the  special ,command of
 the late ,king4 ,london1 #afgc4        
,,ix4 ,,discourse ,,concerning the      
,,church1 in ,,these ,,particulars3     
,first1  concerning the ,visibility of  
the true ,church3 ,secondly1 concerning 
the  ,church of ,rome4 ,london1 #afhh4  
,x4 #a4 ,,bishop ,,sanderson',s         
,,judgment concerning ,,submission to   
,,usurpers4  #b4 ,,pax ,,ecclesi4 #c4   
,,bishop ,,sanderson',s ,,judgment in   
,,one ,,view for the  ,,settlement of   
the ,,church4 #d4 ,,reasons of the      
present ,,judgment of the  ,,university 
of ,,oxford1 concerning the ,,solemn    
,,league and ,,covenant1  the ,,negative
 ,,oath1 the ,,ordinances concerning    
,,discipline and ,,worship4  ,london1   
#afgh4    ,,xi4 ,a large ,,preface to a 
book written at the command of ,charles 
,i4  by ,archbishop ,usher1 and         
published by ,dr4 ,sanderson1 entitled  

,the  ,,power communicated by ,,god to  
the ,,prince1 and the ,,obedience       
required of  the ,,subject4 ,london1    
#affa4--dto4 ,second corrected edition  
of this  work was published in #hvo4    
#afhc4    ,,xii4 ,a ,,prefatory         
,,discourse1 in defence of ,usher and   
his ,writings1  prefixed to a collection
 of ,treatises1 entitled ',,clavi       
,,trabales1 or  ,,nailes fastened by    
some great ,,masters of ,,assemblyes1   
concerning the  ,,king',s ,,supremacy   
and ,,church ,,government under         
,,bishops4'    ,the ,preface is dated   
,london1 ,aug4 #aj1 #affa1 and          
subscribed ,the  unworthy servant of    
,jesus ,christ1 ,ro4 ,,lincoln4         
,,xiii4 ,,prophecies concerning the     
,,return of ,,popery1 inserted in a book
  entitled ',fair ,warning3 ,the ,second
 ,part4 ,london1 #affc4'    ,,xiv4 ,the 
,,preface to the ,,book of ,,common     
,,prayer1 beginning with these  words2  
,it hath been the wisdom of the         
,church----4    ,,xv4 ,greek3           

,,epinomis1 seu ,,explanatio            
,,juramenti1 c41 inserted in  the       
',excerpta  ,corpore ,statutorum ,univ4 
,oxoniensis1' p4 #aid4    ,,xvi4        
,,articles of ,,visitation and ,,enquiry
 concerning ,,matters  ,,ecclesiastical1
 exhibited to the ,ministers1           
,churchwardens1 and ,sidemen  of every  
,parish within the ,diocese of ,lincoln1
 in the first episcopal  ,visitation of 
the ,right ,rev4 ,father in ,god1       
,,robert1 by ,divine  ,providence1 ,lord
 ,bishop of ,lincoln2 with the oath to  
be administered  to the ,churchwardens1 
and the ,bishop's ,admonition to them4  
,london1  #affb4 #dto4    ,,xvii4 ,peck1
 in the ',desiderata ,curiosa1' ,vol4   
,,ii41 has inserted ,the  ,,history and 
,,antiquities of the ,,cathedral        
,,church of the ,blessed ,virgin  ,st4  
,,mary at ,,lincoln2 containing an exact
 ,copy of all the ,monumental           
,inscriptions there1 in ,number #afc1 as
 they stood in #afda2 most of  which was
 soon after torn up1 or otherwise       

defaced4 ,collected by  ,,robert        
,,sanderson1 ,s4,t4,p41 afterwards ,lord
 ,bishop of that ,church1 and  compared 
with and corrected by ,sir ,,william    
,,dugdale',s ,,ms4 ,survey4    ,dr4     
,white ,kennet1 ,bishop of              
,peterborough1 had in his possession the
  copies of two letters transcribed from
 the originals that were in the  hands  
of ,bishop ,barlow4 #a4 ,superscribed   
,for ,mr4 ,thomas ,barlow1 at the       
,library in ,oxon1 and subscribed ,your 
very loving friend and  servant1        
,,robert ,,sanderson1 dated ,botheby    
,pagnell1 ,sept4 #bh1 #afef1            
importuning ,dr4 ,barlow1 to undertake  
the managing that dispute in the        
question of great importance upon the   
ancient landmarks1 by ,dr4 ,jeremy      
,taylor2 so unhappily 7and so           
unseasonably too7 endeavoured to be     
removed in the doctrine of original sin4
 #b4 ,another letter of ,dr4  ,sanderson
 to ,dr4 ,barlow1 at ,queen's ,college1 
dated ,botheby ,pagnell1  ,sept4 #ag1   

#afeg1 expressing himself1 ,that ,dr4   
,taylor is so peremptory  and           
pertinacious of his errors as not to    
hearken to the sober advices  of his    
grave1 reverend1 and learned friends1   
amidst the distractions  of these times1
 c4    ,dr4 ,sanderson and ,dr4 ,hammond
 were jointly concerned in a work       
entitled ,a ,,pacific ,,discourse of    
,,god',s ,,grace and ,,decrees1         
published  by the latter in #affj4      
,it would be improper not to observe1   
that in the ,preface to the  ,polyglott 
,bible1 printed at ,london in #afeg1    
,dr4 ,bryan ,walton has  classed ,dr4   
,sanderson among those of his much      
honoured friends who  assisted him in   
that noble work4          ,,additional  
,,notes    ,the numbers at the beginning
 of paragraphs refer to the pages       
,,life ,,of ,,hooker                    
,frontispiece4--,the portrait here given
 is from ,hooker's monument in          
,bishopsbourne ,church4    ,text1       
etc4--,the ,life of ,mr4 ,richard       

,hooker was first published  in small   
octavo in #affe4 ,the second edition was
 prefixed to the  ,ecclesiastical       
,polity of #afff1 folio1 and again in   
#afgf and #afhb4  ,it was also included 
in ,walton's collection of #afgj4 ,a    
valuable essay  on ,hooker by ,dean     
,church is prefixed to the ,clarendon   
,press edition of  the first book of    
,ecclesiastical ,polity1 #ahgf4    ,page
    #c4 at this time of my age4 ,he says
 at p4 #d that he was past the  seventy 
of his age4    #e4 ,john ,hales4 ,see   
vol4 i4 p4 #aic1 note4    #g4 ,he was   
born1 etc4 ,probably in ,march1         
#aeec-ed1 says the ,dict4  of ,nat4     
,biography4    #h4 a school-boy4 ,he was
 educated at ,exeter grammar school4    
#ad4 the ,bishop said to him4 ,cf4 chap4
 iii4 of the ,vicar of  ,wakefield1     
where this anecdote is referred to4     
,indeed ,hooker is there  alleged to    
have been the great ancestor of ,george 
,primrose4    #bc4 elemented4 ,see note 
to vol4 i4 p4 #ec4    #bf4 ,i cannot    

learn the pretended cause4 ,it seems    
probable that  the views of ,hooker and 
his friends had offended ,barfoot1 who  
was a  zealous ,puritan4    #ag4 he     
entered into ,sacred ,orders4 ,about    
#aeha4    #cj4 her conditions1 personal 
qualities1 manners4 ,recent             
investigations tend to show that honest 
,izaak's account is prejudiced1  as     
,hooker in his will makes his           
wel-beloved wife sole executrix and     
residuary legatee1 and his father-in-law
 was one of the overseers4              
,nevertheless ,wood calls her a         
clownish1 silly woman1 and withal a     
mere ,xanthippe4    #eh4 ,the forenoon  
444 ,geneva4 ,the speaker was ,fuller1  
but the  quotation is not quite textual4
    #gj4 and behold ,god's blessings4   
,cf4 p4 #cc4    #ga4 corps1 endowment4  
,when the corps of the profit or        
benefice  is but one the title can be   
but one man's 7,hooker1 ,ecclesiastical 
,polity1 v4 lxxx1  #aa74    #id4        
,judicious ,hooker4 ,this is the first  

application to ,hooker of  this         
time-honoured epithet4 ,sir ,w4 ,cowper 
was the grandfather of  ,william1 first 
,earl ,cowper4 ,the monument was erected
 in #afce4    #ig4 one of his elder     
daughters4 ,i4e4 ,cicely4    #ig4 both  
died before they were marriageable4     
,alice died unmarried in  #afdi2 but    
,jane 7or ,jone7 married ,edward        
,nethersole at ,bishopsbourne1  #bcrd   
,march #afjj4    #ii4 dead in her bed4  
,in ,march #afja4    #ajh1 regiment1    
regimen1 regulation1 management4 ,cf4   
,bacon's essay  ,of ,regiment of        
,health4    #aba4 in devise1 in         
contemplation4      ,,life ,,of         
,,herbert    ,text1 etc4--,the ,life of 
,mr4 ,george ,herbert was first         
published in  #afgj1 #abmo1 with his    
letters to his mother1 etc4 ,it was also
 included  in the collected ,lives of   
#afgj4 ,all his known writings have been
  edited by ,dr4 ,grosart for the       
,fuller ,worthies ,library1 #ahgd1 and  
the  ,aldine ,poets1 #ahgf4    #acd4 he 

was elected 444 ,cambridge4 ,he was     
admitted scholar #eth ,may  #afji1 and  
matriculated pensioner at ,trinity #ahth
 ,december #afji4    #ace4 her husband  
died4 ,sir ,richard ,herbert died in    
#aeig4    #acf4 in ,oxford four years4  
,from #aeih to #afjc-d4    #adb4        
,bachelor of ,arts in #afaa4 ,the       
correct date is #afab-ac4    #adb4      
,matter of ,arts1 #afaf4 ,see also p4   
#adc4 ,these data were  furnished to    
,dr4 ,grosart by the ,university        
authorities4    #adc4 chosen ,orator4   
#ahth ,january #afbj4    #adi4 many     
,seals4 ,see vol4 i4 p4 #gb4    #aej4 a 
sinecure4 ,whitford is in ,flintshire4  
#aeb4 cross-bias me4 ,a bowling-green   
image4    #aed4 ,prebend of ,layton     
,ecclesia4 ,grosart points out that     
,walton was  wrong here4 ,herbert was   
not a ,deacon4 ,he held the prebendary  
of ,layton  7,leighton ,bromswold7 as a 
laic1 as he did the sinecure rectorship 
of  ,whitford4    #afc4 she died in the 
year #afbg4 ,in ,june4 ,on ,july #a     

,donne preached  her ,funeral ,sermon4  
,see ante1 p4 #aci4 ,when it was        
published 7,london1  #afbg1 #abmo7      
,herbert appended to it the ,greek and  
,latin poems to  her memory1 entitled   
,parentalia2 these were the chief verses
 he  published in his lifetime4    #afe4
 three months after this marriage4 ,it  
took place at ,edington on  #eth ,march 
#afbi4    #afg4 canonical clothes4      
,this1 as ,dr4 ,grosart says1 shows that
 he  was still a layman4    #afg4       
,parsonage of ,bemerton4 ,in the        
presentation in the ,record  ,office1   
which is dated #afth ,april #afcj1 ten  
days before his induction1  it is styled
 ,rectory of the parish church of       
,fulston 7,fuggleston7 ,st4  ,peter's   
and ,bemerton4    #age4 ,the ,country   
,parson4 ,for further particulars see p4
 #bab4 ,of  the simplicity of this      
beautiful little book ,canon ,ainger has
 well  said1 ,not for the first or last 
time in our literature was it to be     
shown that the euphuistic tendency is   

killed when the writer begins  to think 
more of his topic than himself 7,craik's
 ,english ,prose1 ii4  7#ahid71 #bjd74  
#aij4 being1 seeing4 ,cf4 also p4 #beh4 
#aic4 genteel1 refined1 well-bred4      
#bja4 ,the ,temple4 ,see full title on  
p4 #bac4    #bje4 passion1 violent      
commotion of the mind1 perturbation4    
#bjf4 my last ,will4 ,this1 which       
,walton had not seen1 is printed by     
,dr4 ,grosart 7,herbert's ,poetical     
,works1 #ahgf1 p4 lxi74    #bjg4 buried 
#crd day of ,march1 #afcb4 ,i4e4 in     
#afcc1 as the rest of the  note seems to
 imply4 ,he lies under the altar in the 
church4      ,,life ,,of ,,sanderson    
,text1 etc ,the first separate edition  
of the ,life of ,dr4 ,robert  ,sanderson
 was printed in #afgh1 #hvo4 ,it is     
corrected and supplemented  in          
,jacobson's edition of ,sanderson's     
works1 #ahed1 #f vols4    #bbc4 the     
place of his birth was ,rotherham4 ,as  
stated in the note1 it  was ,sheffield1 
in a house called the ,lane ,head       

,stane4 ,he was baptized  on the #ajth  
,september4    #bdj4 about this time4   
,he was presented to the ,rectory of    
,boothby  ,pagnell in #afai4 ,there is a
 print of ,boothby ,parsonage in the    
,gentleman's ,magazine for #ahja1 i4    
#aje4    #bda4 resigned his ,fellowship4
 ,in ,may #afai4    #bda4 pennyworths1  
bargains4    #bga4 prevented him1       
anticipated him4    #bhb4 ,little       
,britain4 ,like ,duck ,lane1 ,little    
,britain was 7in ,strype's  words7 much 
inhabited by booksellers4    #bif4      
conversation1 intercourse with the      
world4    #cjc4 blacks1 mourning4 ,cf4  
,bacon ,of ,death 7,essay #b74    #cje4 
#bith of ,january #affb4 ,should be     
#affc4 ,he was buried in the  chancel of
 ,buckden ,church4