,?is etext 0 pro(read by ,m>t9 ,w>d & comp>$ aga9/ a sep>ate copy scann$ by ,mike ,p]ry4 ,,or?odoxy by ,,gilb]t ,k4 ,,*e/]ton ,,preface ,?is book is meant to be a companion to ,h]etics1 & to put ! positive side 9 addition to ! negative4 ,_m critics compla9$ ( ! book call$ ,h]etics because x m]ely criticis$ curr5t philosophies )\t (f]+ any alt]native philosophy4 ,?is book is an attempt to answ] ! *all5ge4 ,x is unavoidably affirmative & !re=e unavoidably autobiographical4 ,! writ] has be5 driv5 back ^u some:at ! same difficulty z t :i* beset ,newman 9 writ+ 8 ,apologia2 he has be5 =c$ to be egoti/ical only 9 ord] to be s9c]e4 ,:ile ev]y?+ else may be diff]5t ! motive 9 bo? cases is ! same4 ,x is ! purpose ( ! writ] to attempt an explanation1 n ( :e!r ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? c be believ$1 b ( h[ he p]sonally has come to believe x4 ,! book is !re=e arrang$ ^u ! positive pr9ciple ( a riddle & its answ]4 ,x deals fir/ ) all ! writ]'s own solit>y & s9c]e speculations & !n ) all ! />tl+ /yle 9 :i* !y 7 all sudd5ly satisfi$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,!ology4 ,! writ] reg>ds x z am\nt+ to a conv9c+ cre$4 ,b if x is n t x is at lea/ a repeat$ & surpris+ co9cid5ce4 ,gilb]t ,k4 ,*e/]ton4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,introduction 9 ,def5ce ( ,ev]y?+ ,else ,,ii4 ,! ,maniac ,,iii4 ,! ,suicide ( ,?\ght ,,iv4 ,! ,e?ics ( ,elfl& ,v4 ,! ,flag ( ! ,_w ,,vi4 ,! ,p>adoxes ( ,*ri/ianity ,,vii4 ,! ,et]nal ,revolution ,,viii4 ,! ,romance ( ,or?odoxy ,,ix4 ,au?ority & ! ,adv5tur] ,,or?odoxy ,i ,,introduction ,,9 ,,def5ce ,,( ,,ev]y?+ ,,else ,,! only possible excuse = ?is book is t x is an answ] to a *all5ge4 ,ev5 a bad %ot is dignifi$ :5 he accepts a duel4 ,:5 "s "t ago ,i publi%$ a s]ies ( ha/y b s9c]e pap]s1 "u ! "n ( ,h]etics1 sev]al critics = ^: intellect ,i h a w>m respect 7,i may m5tion specially ,mr4 ,g4,s4,/reet7 said t x 0 all v well = me to tell ev]ybody to affirm 8 cosmic !ory1 b t ,i _h c>efully avoid$ support+ my precepts ) example4 ,i w beg9 to worry ab\t my philosophy1 said ,mr4 ,/reet1 :5 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton has giv5 u 84 ,x 0 p]haps an incauti\s sugge/ion to make to a p]son only too ready to write books ^u ! feeble/ provocation4 ,b aft] all1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,/reet has inspir$ & creat$ ?is book1 he ne$ n read x4 ,if he does read x1 he w f9d t 9 its pages ,i h attempt$ 9 a vague & p]sonal way1 9 a set ( m5tal pictures r ?an 9 a s]ies ( d$uctions1 to /ate ! philosophy 9 :i* ,i h come to believe4 ,i w n call x my philosophy2 = ,i did n make x4 ,god & humanity made x2 & x made me4 ,i h (t5 _h a fancy = writ+ a romance ab\t an ,engli% ya*tsman :o slightly miscalculat$ 8 c\rse & discov]$ ,engl& "u ! impression t x 0 a new isl& 9 ! ,s\? ,seas4 ,i always f9d1 h[ev]1 t ,i am ei!r too busy or too lazy to write ?is f9e "w1 s ,i may z well give x away = ! purposes ( philosophical illu/ration4 ,!re w probably be a g5]al impression t ! man :o l&$ 7arm$ to ! tee? & talk+ by signs7 to plant ! ,briti% flag on t b>b>ic temple :i* turn$ out to be ! ,pavilion at ,brighton1 felt r a fool4 ,i am n "h conc]n$ to d5y t he look$ a fool4 ,b if y imag9e t he felt a fool1 or at any rate t ! s5se ( folly 0 8 sole or 8 dom9ant emotion1 !n y h n /udi$ ) suffici5t delicacy ! ri* romantic nature ( ! h]o ( ?is tale4 ,8 mi/ake 0 really a mo/ enviable mi/ake2 & he knew x1 if he 0 ! man ,i take him =4 ,:at c\ld be m delightful ?an to h 9 ! same few m9utes all ! fasc9at+ t]rors ( go+ abroad comb9$ ) all ! humane security ( com+ home aga98 ,:at c\ld be bett] ?an to h all ! fun ( discov]+ ,s\? ,africa )\t ! disgu/+ necessity ( l&+ !re8 ,:at c\ld be m glori\s ?an to brace "o's self up to discov] ,new ,s\? ,wales & !n realize1 ) a gu% ( happy te>s1 t x 0 really old ,s\? ,wales4 ,?is at lea/ seems to me ! ma9 problem = philosoph]s1 & is 9 a mann] ! ma9 problem ( ?is book4 ,h[ c we contrive to be at once a/oni%$ at ! _w & yet at home 9 x8 ,h[ c ?is que] cosmic t[n1 ) its _m-legg$ citiz5s1 ) its mon/r\s & anci5t lamps1 h[ c ?is _w give u at once ! fasc9ation ( a /range t[n & ! com=t & hon\r ( be+ our own t[n8 ,to %[ t a fai? or a philosophy is true f e /&po9t w\ld be too big an und]tak+ ev5 = a mu* bigg] book ?an ?is2 x is necess>y to foll[ "o pa? ( argum5t2 & ?is is ! pa? t ,i "h propose to foll[4 ,i wi% to set =? my fai? z p>ticul>ly answ]+ ?is d\ble spiritual ne$1 ! ne$ = t mixture ( ! famili> & ! unfamili> :i* ,*ri/5dom has rightly nam$ romance4 ,= ! v ^w romance has 9 x ! my/]y & anci5t mean+ ( ,rome4 ,any "o sett+ out to dispute any?+ ought always to beg9 by say+ :at he does n dispute4 ,beyond /at+ :at he proposes to prove he %\ld always /ate :at he does n propose to prove4 ,! ?+ ,i d n propose to prove1 ! ?+ ,i propose to take z common gr\nd betwe5 myself & any av]age read]1 is ?is desirability ( an active & imag9ative life1 picturesque & full ( a poetical curiosity1 a life su* z we/]n man at any rate always seems to h desir$4 ,if a man says t ext9ction is bett] ?an exi/5ce or blank exi/5ce bett] ?an v>iety & adv5ture1 !n he is n "o ( ! ord9>y p to :om ,i am talk+4 ,if a man pref]s no?+ ,i c give him no?+4 ,b ne>ly all p ,i h ev] met 9 ?is we/]n society 9 :i* ,i live w\ld agree to ! g5]al proposition t we ne$ ?is life ( practical romance2 ! comb9ation ( some?+ t is /range ) some?+ t is secure4 ,we ne$ s to view ! _w z to comb9e an idea ( wond] & an idea ( welcome4 ,we ne$ to be happy 9 ?is wond]l& )\t once be+ m]ely com=table4 ,x is ,,?is a*ievem5t ( my cre$ t ,i %all *iefly pursue 9 ^! pages4 ,b ,i h a peculi> reason = m5tion+ ! man 9 a ya*t1 :o discov]$ ,engl&4 ,= ,i am t man 9 a ya*t4 ,i discov]$ ,engl&4 ,i d n see h[ ?is book c avoid be+ egoti/ical2 & ,i d n q see 7to tell ! tru?7 h[ x c avoid be+ dull4 ,dulness w1 h[ev]1 free me f ! *>ge :i* ,i mo/ lam5t2 ! *>ge ( be+ flippant4 ,m]e light sophi/ry is ! ?+ t ,i happ5 to despise mo/ ( all ?+s1 & x is p]haps a :olesome fact t ?is is ! ?+ ( :i* ,i am g5]ally accus$4 ,i "k no?+ s contemptible z a m]e p>adox2 a m]e +5i\s def5ce ( ! indef5sible4 ,if x 7 true 7z has be5 said7 t ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw liv$ ^u p>adox1 !n he ought to be a m]e common millionaire2 = a man ( 8 m5tal activity c\ld inv5t a sophi/ry e six m9utes4 ,x is z easy z ly+2 because x is ly+4 ,! tru? is1 ( c\rse1 t ,mr4 ,%aw is cruelly hamp]$ by ! fact t he _c tell any lie unless he ?9ks x is ! tru?4 ,i f9d myself "u ! same intol]able bondage4 ,i nev] 9 my life said any?+ m]ely because ,i ?\ght x funny2 ?\gh ( c\rse1 ,i h _h ord9>y human va+lory1 & may h ?\ght x funny because ,i _h said x4 ,x is "o ?+ to describe an int]view ) a gorgon or a griff91 a creature :o does n exi/4 ,x is ano!r ?+ to discov] t ! rh9oc]os does exi/ & !n take pleasure 9 ! fact t he looks z if he didn't4 ,"o se>*es = tru?1 b x may be t "o pursues in/9ctively ! m extraord9>y tru?s4 ,& ,i (f] ?is book ) ! he>tie/ s5tim5ts to all ! jolly p :o hate :at ,i write1 & reg>d x 7v ju/ly1 = all ,i "k71 z a piece ( poor cl[n+ or a s+le tiresome joke4 ,= if ?is book is a joke x is a joke aga9/ me4 ,i am ! man :o ) ! utmo/ d>+ discov]$ :at _h be5 discov]$ be=e4 ,if !re is an elem5t ( f>ce 9 :at foll[s1 ! f>ce is at my own exp5se2 = ?is book expla9s h[ ,i fanci$ ,i 0 ! fir/ to set foot 9 ,brighton & !n f\nd ,i 0 ! la/4 ,x rec\nts my elephant9e adv5tures 9 pursuit ( ! obvi\s4 ,no "o c ?9k my case m ludicr\s ?an ,i ?9k x myself2 no read] c accuse me "h ( try+ to make a fool ( him3 ,i am ! fool ( ?is /ory1 & no rebel %all hurl me f my ?rone4 ,i freely confess all ! idiotic ambitions ( ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,i did1 l all o!r solemn little boys1 try to be 9 advance ( ! age4 ,l !m ,i tri$ to be "s t5 m9utes 9 advance ( ! tru?4 ,& ,i f\nd t ,i 0 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s beh9d x4 ,i did /ra9 my voice ) a pa9fully juv5ile exagg]ation 9 utt]+ my tru?s4 ,& ,i 0 puni%$ 9 ! fitte/ & funnie/ way1 = ,i h kept my tru?s3 b ,i h discov]$1 n t !y 7 n tru?s1 b simply t !y 7 n m9e4 ,:5 ,i fanci$ t ,i /ood alone ,i 0 really 9 ! ridicul\s position ( be+ back$ up by all ,*ri/5dom4 ,x may be1 ,heav5 =give me1 t ,i did try to be orig9al2 b ,i only succe$$ 9 inv5t+ all by myself an inf]ior copy ( ! exi/+ traditions ( civiliz$ religion4 ,! man f ! ya*t ?\ght he 0 ! fir/ to f9d ,engl&2 ,i ?\ght ,i 0 ! fir/ to f9d ,europe4 ,i did try to f\nd a h]esy ( my own2 & :5 ,i _h put ! la/ t\*es to x1 ,i discov]$ t x 0 or?odoxy4 ,x may be t somebody w be ent]ta9$ by ! acc\nt ( ?is happy fiasco4 ,x might amuse a fri5d or an enemy to read h[ ,i gradually le>nt f ! tru? ( "s /ray leg5d or f ! falsehood ( "s dom9ant philosophy1 ?+s t ,i might h le>nt f my cate*ism--if ,i _h ev] le>nt x4 ,!re may or may n be "s ent]ta9m5t 9 read+ h[ ,i f\nd at la/ 9 an an>*i/ club or a ,babylonian temple :at ,i might h f\nd 9 ! ne>e/ p>i% *ur*4 ,if any "o is ent]ta9$ by le>n+ h[ ! fl[]s ( ! field or ! phrases 9 an omnibus1 ! accid5ts ( politics or ! pa9s ( y\? came toge!r 9 a c]ta9 ord] to produce a c]ta9 conviction ( ,*ri/ian or?odoxy1 he may possibly read ?is book4 ,b !re is 9 ev]y?+ a reasonable division ( lab\r4 ,i h writt5 ! book1 & no?+ on e>? w\ld induce me to read x4 ,i add "o purely p$antic note :i* comes1 z a note naturally %\ld1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! book4 ,^! essays are conc]n$ only to discuss ! actual fact t ! c5tral ,*ri/ian !ology 7suffici5tly summ>iz$ 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$7 is ! be/ root ( en]gy & s\nd e?ics4 ,!y are n int5d$ to discuss ! v fasc9at+ b q diff]5t "q ( :at is ! pres5t seat ( au?ority = ! proclamation ( t cre$4 ,:5 ! ^w or?odoxy is us$ "h x means ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 z und]/ood by ev]ybody call+ himself ,*ri/ian until a v %ort "t ago & ! g5]al hi/oric conduct ( ^? :o held su* a cre$4 ,i h be5 =c$ by m]e space to conf9e myself to :at ,i h got f ?is cre$2 ,i d n t\* ! matt] mu* disput$ among mod]n ,*ri/ians1 ( :]e we ourselves got x4 ,?is is n an ecclesia/ical treatise b a sort ( slov5ly autobiography4 ,b if any "o wants my op9ions ab\t ! actual nature ( ! au?ority1 ,mr4 ,g4,s4,/reet has only to ?r[ me ano!r *all5ge1 & ,i w write him ano!r book4 ,,ii ,,! ,,maniac ,?or\ghly worldly p nev] und]/& ev5 ! _w2 !y rely altoge!r on a few cynical maxims :i* are n true4 ,once ,i rememb] walk+ ) a prosp]\s publi%]1 :o made a rem>k :i* ,i _h (t5 he>d be=e2 x is1 inde$1 almo/ a motto ( ! mod]n _w4 ,yet ,i _h he>d x once too (t51 & ,i saw sudd5ly t !re 0 no?+ 9 x4 ,! publi%] said ( somebody1 ,t man w get on2 he believes 9 himself4 ,& ,i rememb] t z ,i lift$ my head to li/51 my eye caught an omnibus on :i* 0 writt5 ,hanwell4 ,i said to him1 ,%all ,i tell y :]e ! m5 are :o believe mo/ 9 !mselves8 ,= ,i c tell y4 ,i "k ( m5 :o believe 9 !mselves m colossally ?an ,napoleon or ,caes>4 ,i "k :]e flames ! fix$ /> ( c]ta9ty & success4 ,i c guide y to ! ?rones ( ! ,sup]-m54 ,! m5 :o really believe 9 !mselves are all 9 lunatic asylums4 ,he said mildly t !re 7 a good _m m5 aft] all :o believ$ 9 !mselves & :o 7 n 9 lunatic asylums4 ,yes1 !re are1 ,i retort$1 & y ( all m5 ought to "k !m4 ,t drunk5 poet f :om y w\ld n take a dre>y trag$y1 he believ$ 9 himself4 ,t eld]ly m9i/] ) an epic f :om y 7 hid+ 9 a back room1 he believ$ 9 himself4 ,if y consult$ y\r bus9ess exp]i5ce in/ead ( y\r ugly individuali/ic philosophy1 y w\ld "k t believ+ 9 himself is "o ( ! commone/ signs ( a rott]4 ,actors :o c't act believe 9 !mselves2 & debtors :o won't pay4 ,x w\ld be mu* tru] to say t a man w c]ta9ly fail1 because he believes 9 himself4 ,complete self-confid5ce is n m]ely a s92 complete self-confid5ce is a weakness4 ,believ+ utt]ly 9 "o's self is a hy/]ical & sup]/iti\s belief l believ+ 9 ,joanna ,s\?cote3 ! man :o has x has ,hanwell' writt5 on 8 face z pla9 z x is writt5 on t omnibus4 ,& to all ?is my fri5d ! publi%] made ?is v deep & effective reply1 ,well1 if a man is n to believe 9 himself1 9 :at is he to believe8 ,aft] a long pause ,i repli$1 ,i w g home & write a book 9 answ] to t "q4 ,?is is ! book t ,i h writt5 9 answ] to x4 ,b ,i ?9k ?is book may well />t :]e our argum5t />t$-- 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! mad-h\se4 ,mod]n ma/]s ( sci5ce are mu* impress$ ) ! ne$ ( beg9n+ all inquiry ) a fact4 ,! anci5t ma/]s ( religion 7 q equally impress$ ) t necessity4 ,!y began ) ! fact ( s9--a fact z practical z potatoes4 ,:e!r or no man c\ld be wa%$ 9 miracul\s wat]s1 !re 0 no d\bt at any rate t he want$ wa%+4 ,b c]ta9 religi\s lead]s 9 ,london1 n m]e mat]iali/s1 h begun 9 our day n to d5y ! highly disputable wat]1 b to d5y ! indisputable dirt4 ,c]ta9 new !ologians dispute orig9al s91 :i* is ! only "p ( ,*ri/ian !ology :i* c really be prov$4 ,"s foll[]s ( ! ,rev]5d ,r4,j4,campbell1 9 _! almo/ too fa/idi\s spirituality1 admit div9e s9lessness1 :i* !y _c see ev5 9 _! dreams4 ,b !y ess5tially d5y human s91 :i* !y c see 9 ! /reet4 ,! /ronge/ sa9ts & ! /ronge/ sceptics alike took positive evil z ! />t+-po9t ( _! argum5t4 ,if x be true 7z x c]ta9ly is7 t a man c feel exquisite happ9ess 9 sk9n+ a cat1 !n ! religi\s philosoph] c only draw "o ( two d$uctions4 ,he mu/ ei!r d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 z all a!i/s d2 or he mu/ d5y ! pres5t union betwe5 ,god & man1 z all ,*ri/ians d4 ,! new !ologians seem to ?9k x a highly rationali/ic solution to d5y ! cat4 ,9 ?is rem>kable situation x is pla9ly n n[ possible 7) any hope ( a univ]sal appeal7 to />t1 z our fa!rs did1 ) ! fact ( s94 ,?is v fact :i* 0 to !m 7& is to me7 z pla9 z a pike/aff1 is ! v fact t has be5 specially dilut$ or d5i$4 ,b ?\gh mod]ns d5y ! exi/5ce ( s91 ,i d n ?9k t !y h yet d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( a lunatic asylum4 ,we all agree /ill t !re is a collapse ( ! intellect z unmi/akable z a fall+ h\se4 ,m5 d5y hell1 b n1 z yet1 ,hanwell4 ,= ! purpose ( our prim>y argum5t ! "o may v well /& :]e ! o!r /ood4 ,i mean t z all ?\ghts & !ories 7 once judg$ by :e!r !y t5d$ to make a man lose 8 s\l1 s = our pres5t purpose all mod]n ?\ghts & !ories may be judg$ by :e!r !y t5d to make a man lose 8 wits4 ,x is true t "s speak lightly & loosely ( insanity z 9 itself attractive4 ,b a mom5t's ?\ght w %[ t if disease is beautiful1 x is g5]ally "s "o else's disease4 ,a bl9d man may be picturesque2 b x requires two eyes to see ! picture4 ,& simil>ly ev5 ! wilde/ poetry ( insanity c only be enjoy$ by ! sane4 ,to ! insane man 8 insanity is q prosaic1 because x is q true4 ,a man :o ?9ks himself a *ick5 is to himself z ord9>y z a *ick54 ,a man :o ?9ks he is a bit ( glass is to himself z dull z a bit ( glass4 ,x is ! homog5eity ( 8 m9d :i* makes him dull1 & :i* makes him mad4 ,x is only because we see ! irony ( 8 idea t we ?9k him ev5 amus+2 x is only because he does n see ! irony ( 8 idea t he is put 9 ,hanwell at all4 ,9 %ort1 oddities only /rike ord9>y p4 ,oddities d n /rike odd p4 ,?is is :y ord9>y p h a mu* m excit+ "t2 :ile odd p are always compla9+ ( ! dulness ( life4 ,?is is also :y ! new novels die s quickly1 & :y ! old fairy tales endure = ev]4 ,! old fairy tale makes ! h]o a normal human boy2 x is 8 adv5tures t are />tl+2 !y />tle him because he is normal4 ,b 9 ! mod]n psy*ological novel ! h]o is abnormal2 ! c5tre is n c5tral4 ,h5ce ! fi]ce/ adv5tures fail to affect him adequately1 & ! book is monoton\s4 ,y c make a /ory out ( a h]o among dragons2 b n out ( a dragon among dragons4 ,! fairy tale discusses :at a sane man w d 9 a mad _w4 ,! sob] reali/ic novel ( to-day discusses :at an ess5tial lunatic w d 9 a dull _w4 ,let u beg91 !n1 ) ! mad-h\se2 f ?is evil & fanta/ic inn let u set =? on our intellectual j\rney4 ,n[1 if we are to glance at ! philosophy ( sanity1 ! fir/ ?+ to d 9 ! matt] is to blot out "o big & common mi/ake4 ,!re is a notion adrift ev]y:]e t imag9ation1 especially my/ical imag9ation1 is dang]\s to man's m5tal balance4 ,poets are commonly spok5 ( z psy*ologically unreliable2 & g5]ally !re is a vague association betwe5 wrea?+ laurels 9 y\r hair & /ick+ /raws 9 x4 ,facts & hi/ory utt]ly contradict ?is view4 ,mo/ ( ! v great poets h be5 n only sane1 b extremely bus9ess-l2 & if ,%akespe>e ev] really held horses1 x 0 because he 0 mu* ! safe/ man to hold !m4 ,imag9ation does n bre$ insanity4 ,exactly :at does bre$ insanity is reason4 ,poets d n g mad2 b *ess-play]s d4 ,ma!maticians g mad1 & ca%i]s2 b creative arti/s v seldom4 ,i am n1 z w be se51 9 any s5se attack+ logic3 ,i only say t ?is dang] does lie 9 logic1 n 9 imag9ation4 ,arti/ic pat]nity is z :olesome z physical pat]nity4 ,moreov]1 x is wor?y ( rem>k t :5 a poet really 0 morbid x 0 commonly because he _h "s weak spot ( rationality on 8 bra94 ,poe1 = in/ance1 really 0 morbid2 n because he 0 poetical1 b because he 0 specially analytical4 ,ev5 *ess 0 too poetical = him2 he dislik$ *ess because x 0 full ( knights & ca/les1 l a poem4 ,he av[$ly pref]r$ ! black discs ( draughts1 because !y 7 m l ! m]e black dots on a diagram4 ,p]haps ! /ronge/ case ( all is ?is3 t only "o great ,engli% poet w5t mad1 ,c[p]4 ,& he 0 def9itely driv5 mad by logic1 by ! ugly & ali5 logic ( pr$e/9ation4 ,poetry 0 n ! disease1 b ! m$ic9e2 poetry p>tly kept him 9 heal?4 ,he c\ld sometimes =get ! r$ & ?ir/y hell to :i* 8 hide\s necessit>ianism dragg$ him among ! wide wat]s & ! :ite flat lilies ( ! ,ouse4 ,he 0 damn$ by ,john ,calv92 he 0 almo/ sav$ by ,john ,gilp94 ,ev]y:]e we see t m5 d n g mad by dream+4 ,critics are mu* madd] ?an poets4 ,hom] is complete & calm en\gh2 x is 8 critics :o te> him into extravagant tatt]s4 ,%akespe>e is q himself2 x is only "s ( 8 critics :o h discov]$ t he 0 somebody else4 ,& ?\gh ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ saw _m /range mon/]s 9 8 vision1 he saw no creature s wild z "o ( 8 own comm5tators4 ,! g5]al fact is simple4 ,poetry is sane because x floats easily 9 an inf9ite sea2 reason seeks to cross ! inf9ite sea1 & s make x f9ite4 ,! result is m5tal exhau/ion1 l ! physical exhau/ion ( ,mr4 ,holbe94 ,to accept ev]y?+ is an ex]cise1 to und]/& ev]y?+ a /ra94 ,! poet only desires exaltation & expansion1 a _w to /ret* himself 94 ,! poet only asks to get 8 head into ! heav5s4 ,x is ! logician :o seeks to get ! heav5s into 8 head4 ,& x is 8 head t splits4 ,x is a small matt]1 b n irrelevant1 t ?is /rik+ mi/ake is commonly support$ by a /rik+ misquotation4 ,we h all he>d p cite ! celebrat$ l9e ( ,dryd5 z ,great g5ius is to madness ne> alli$4 ,b ,dryd5 did n say t great g5ius 0 to madness ne> alli$4 ,dryd5 0 a great g5ius himself1 & knew bett]4 ,x w\ld h be5 h>d to f9d a man m romantic ?an he1 or m s5sible4 ,:at ,dryd5 said 0 ?is1 ,great wits are (t to madness ne> alli$2 & t is true4 ,x is ! pure promptitude ( ! intellect t is 9 p]il ( a breakd[n4 ,also p might rememb] ( :at sort ( man ,dryd5 0 talk+4 ,he 0 n talk+ ( any unworldly vision>y l ,vaughan or ,george ,h]b]t4 ,he 0 talk+ ( a cynical man ( ! _w1 a sceptic1 a diplomati/1 a great practical politician4 ,su* m5 are inde$ to madness ne> alli$4 ,_! incessant calculation ( _! own bra9s & o!r p's bra9s is a dang]\s trade4 ,x is always p]il\s to ! m9d to reckon up ! m9d4 ,a flippant p]son has ask$ :y we say1 ,z mad z a hatt]4 ,a m flippant p]son might answ] t a hatt] is mad because he has to measure ! human head4 ,& if great reason]s are (t5 maniacal1 x is equally true t maniacs are commonly great reason]s4 ,:5 ,i 0 engag$ 9 a controv]sy ) ! ,,cl>ion on ! matt] ( free w1 t able writ] ,mr4 ,r4,b4,su!rs said t free w 0 lunacy1 because x meant causeless actions1 & ! actions ( a lunatic w\ld be causeless4 ,i d n dwell "h ^u ! disa/r\s lapse 9 det]m9i/ logic4 ,obvi\sly if any actions1 ev5 a lunatic's1 c be causeless1 det]m9ism is done =4 ,if ! *a9 ( causation c be brok5 = a madman1 x c be brok5 = a man4 ,b my purpose is to po9t out some?+ m practical4 ,x 0 natural1 p]haps1 t a mod]n ,m>xian ,sociali/ %\ld n "k any?+ ab\t free w4 ,b x 0 c]ta9ly rem>kable t a mod]n ,m>xian ,sociali/ %\ld n "k any?+ ab\t lunatics4 ,mr4 ,su!rs evid5tly did n "k any?+ ab\t lunatics4 ,! la/ ?+ t c be said ( a lunatic is t 8 actions are causeless4 ,if any human acts may loosely be call$ causeless1 !y are ! m9or acts ( a heal?y man2 :i/l+ z he walks2 sla%+ ! grass ) a /ick2 kick+ 8 heels or rubb+ 8 h&s4 ,x is ! happy man :o does ! useless ?+s2 ! sick man is n /rong en\gh to be idle4 ,x is exactly su* c>eless & causeless actions t ! madman c\ld nev] und]/&2 = ! madman 7l ! det]m9i/7 g5]ally sees too mu* cause 9 ev]y?+4 ,! madman w\ld read a conspiratorial significance into ^? empty activities4 ,he w\ld ?9k t ! lopp+ ( ! grass 0 an attack on private prop]ty4 ,he w\ld ?9k t ! kick+ ( ! heels 0 a signal to an accomplice4 ,if ! madman c\ld = an in/ant become c>eless1 he w\ld become sane4 ,e "o :o has _h ! mis=tune to talk ) p 9 ! he>t or on ! edge ( m5tal disord]1 kn[s t _! mo/ s9i/] quality is a horrible cl>ity ( detail2 a connect+ ( "o ?+ ) ano!r 9 a map m elaborate ?an a maze4 ,if y argue ) a madman1 x is extremely probable t y w get ! wor/ ( x2 = 9 _m ways 8 m9d moves all ! quick] = n be+ delay$ by ! ?+s t g ) good judgm5t4 ,he is n hamp]$ by a s5se ( hum\r or by *>ity1 or by ! dumb c]ta9ties ( exp]i5ce4 ,he is ! m logical = los+ c]ta9 sane affections4 ,inde$1 ! common phrase = insanity is 9 ?is respect a mislead+ "o4 ,! madman is n ! man :o has lo/ 8 reason4 ,! madman is ! man :o has lo/ ev]y?+ except 8 reason4 ,! madman's explanation ( a ?+ is always complete1 & (t5 9 a purely rational s5se satisfactory4 ,or1 to speak m /rictly1 ! insane explanation1 if n conclusive1 is at lea/ unansw]able2 ?is may be obs]v$ specially 9 ! two or ?ree commone/ k9ds ( madness4 ,if a man says 7= in/ance7 t m5 h a conspiracy aga9/ him1 y _c dispute x except by say+ t all ! m5 d5y t !y are conspirators2 :i* is exactly :at conspirators w\ld d4 ,8 explanation cov]s ! facts z mu* z y\rs4 ,or if a man says t he is ! rightful ,k+ ( ,engl&1 x is no complete answ] to say t ! exi/+ au?orities call him mad2 = if he 7 ,k+ ( ,engl& t might be ! wise/ ?+ = ! exi/+ au?orities to d4 ,or if a man says t he is ,jesus ,*ri/1 x is no answ] to tell him t ! _w d5ies 8 div9ity2 = ! _w d5i$ ,*ri/'s4 ,nev]!less he is wrong4 ,b if we attempt to trace 8 error 9 exact t]ms1 we %all n f9d x q s easy z we _h suppos$4 ,p]haps ! ne>e/ we c get to express+ x is to say ?is3 t 8 m9d moves 9 a p]fect b n>r[ circle4 ,a small circle is q z inf9ite z a l>ge circle2 b1 ?\gh x is q z inf9ite1 x is n s l>ge4 ,9 ! same way ! insane explanation is q z complete z ! sane "o1 b x is n s l>ge4 ,a bullet is q z r\nd z ! _w1 b x is n ! _w4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a n>r[ univ]sality2 !re is su* a ?+ z a small & cramp$ et]nity2 y may see x 9 _m mod]n religions4 ,n[1 speak+ q ext]nally & empirically1 we may say t ! /ronge/ & mo/ unmi/akable ,,m>k ( madness is ?is comb9ation betwe5 a logical complet5ess & a spiritual contraction4 ,! lunatic's !ory expla9s a l>ge numb] ( ?+s1 b x does n expla9 !m 9 a l>ge way4 ,i mean t if y or ,i 7 deal+ ) a m9d t 0 gr[+ morbid1 we %\ld be *iefly conc]n$ n s mu* to give x argum5ts z to give x air1 to conv9ce x t !re 0 some?+ clean] & cool] outside ! suffocation ( a s+le argum5t4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 x 7 ! fir/ case t ,i took z typical2 suppose x 7 ! case ( a man :o accus$ ev]ybody ( conspir+ aga9/ him4 ,if we c\ld express our deepe/ feel+s ( prote/ & appeal aga9/ ?is obsession1 ,i suppose we %\ld say some?+ l ?is3 ,oh1 ,i admit t y h y\r case & h x by he>t1 & t _m ?+s d fit into o!r ?+s z y say4 ,i admit t y\r explanation expla9s a great deal2 b :at a great deal x leaves out6 ,are !re no o!r /ories 9 ! _w except y\rs2 & are all m5 busy ) y\r bus9ess8 ,suppose we grant ! details2 p]haps :5 ! man 9 ! /reet did n seem to see y x 0 only 8 cunn+2 p]haps :5 ! policeman ask$ y y\r "n x 0 only because he knew x already4 ,b h[ mu* happi] y w\ld be if y only knew t ^! p c>$ no?+ ab\t y6 ,h[ mu* l>g] y\r life w\ld be if y\r self c\ld become small] 9 x2 if y c\ld really look at o!r m5 ) common curiosity & pleasure2 if y c\ld see !m walk+ z !y are 9 _! sunny selfi%ness & _! virile indiff]5ce6 ,y w\ld beg9 to be int]e/$ 9 !m1 because !y 7 n int]e/$ 9 y4 ,y w\ld break out ( ?is t9y & tawdry !atre 9 :i* y\r own little plot is always be+ play$1 & y w\ld f9d y\rself "u a fre] sky1 9 a /reet full ( spl5did /rang]s4 ,or suppose x 7 ! second case ( madness1 t ( a man :o claims ! cr[n1 y\r impulse w\ld be to answ]1 ,all "r6 ,p]haps y "k t y are ! ,k+ ( ,engl&2 b :y d y c>e8 ,make "o magnific5t ef=t & y w be a human be+ & look d[n on all ! k+s ( ! e>?4 ,or x might be ! ?ird case1 ( ! madman :o call$ himself ,*ri/4 ,if we said :at we felt1 we %\ld say1 ,s y are ! ,creator & ,r$eem] ( ! _w3 b :at a small _w x mu/ be6 ,:at a little heav5 y mu/ inhabit1 ) angels no bigg] ?an butt]flies6 ,h[ sad x mu/ be to be ,god2 & an inadequate ,god6 ,is !re really no life full] & no love m m>vell\s ?an y\rs2 & is x really 9 y\r small & pa9ful pity t all fle% mu/ put its fai?8 ,h[ mu* happi] y w\ld be1 h[ mu* m ( y !re w\ld be1 if ! hamm] ( a high] ,god c\ld sma% y\r small cosmos1 scatt]+ ! />s l spangles1 & leave y 9 ! op51 free l o!r m5 to look up z well z d[n6 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! mo/ purely practical sci5ce does take ?is view ( m5tal evil2 x does n seek to argue ) x l a h]esy b simply to snap x l a spell4 ,nei!r mod]n sci5ce nor anci5t religion believes 9 complete free ?\ght4 ,!ology rebukes c]ta9 ?\ghts by call+ !m blasphem\s4 ,sci5ce rebukes c]ta9 ?\ghts by call+ !m morbid4 ,= example1 "s religi\s societies disc\rag$ m5 m or less f ?9k+ ab\t sex4 ,! new sci5tific society def9itely disc\rages m5 f ?9k+ ab\t dea?2 x is a fact1 b x is consid]$ a morbid fact4 ,& 9 deal+ ) ^? ^: morbidity has a t\* ( mania1 mod]n sci5ce c>es f> less = pure logic ?an a danc+ ,d]vi%4 ,9 ^! cases x is n en\gh t ! unhappy man %\ld desire tru?2 he mu/ desire heal?4 ,no?+ c save him b a bl9d hung] = normality1 l t ( a bea/4 ,a man _c ?9k himself out ( m5tal evil2 = x is actually ! organ ( ?\ght t has become diseas$1 ungov]nable1 &1 z x 71 indep5d5t4 ,he c only be sav$ by w or fai?4 ,! mom5t 8 m]e reason moves1 x moves 9 ! old circul> rut2 he w g r\nd & r\nd 8 logical circle1 j z a man 9 a ?ird-class c>riage on ! ,inn] ,circle w g r\nd & r\nd ! ,inn] ,circle unless he p]=ms ! volunt>y1 vigor\s1 & my/ical act ( gett+ out at ,g[] ,/reet4 ,decision is ! :ole bus9ess "h2 a door mu/ be %ut = ev]4 ,e rem$y is a desp]ate rem$y4 ,e cure is a miracul\s cure4 ,cur+ a madman is n argu+ ) a philosoph]2 x is ca/+ out a devil4 ,& h[ev] quietly doctors & psy*ologi/s may g to "w 9 ! matt]1 _! attitude is pr(\ndly intol]ant-- z intol]ant z ,bloody ,m>y4 ,_! attitude is really ?is3 t ! man mu/ /op ?9k+1 if he is to g on liv+4 ,_! c\nsel is "o ( intellectual amputation4 ,if ?y ,,head (f5d !e1 cut x (f2 = x is bett]1 n m]ely to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 z a *ild1 b to ent] x z an imbecile1 r ?an ) y\r :ole intellect to be ca/ into hell-- or into ,hanwell4 ,su* is ! madman ( exp]i5ce2 he is commonly a reason]1 frequ5tly a successful reason]4 ,d\btless he c\ld be vanqui%$ 9 m]e reason1 & ! case aga9/ him put logically4 ,b x c be put mu* m precisely 9 m g5]al & ev5 ae/hetic t]ms4 ,he is 9 ! clean & well-lit prison ( "o idea3 he is %>p5$ to "o pa9ful po9t4 ,he is )\t heal?y hesitation & heal?y complexity4 ,n[1 z ,i expla9 9 ! introduction1 ,i h det]m9$ 9 ^! e>ly *apt]s to give n s mu* a diagram ( a doctr9e z "s pictures ( a po9t ( view4 ,& ,i h describ$ at l5g? my vision ( ! maniac = ?is reason3 t j z ,i am affect$ by ! maniac1 s ,i am affect$ by mo/ mod]n ?9k]s4 ,t unmi/akable mood or note t ,i he> f ,hanwell1 ,i he> also f half ! *airs ( sci5ce & seats ( le>n+ to-day2 & mo/ ( ! mad doctors are mad doctors 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,!y all h exactly t comb9ation we h not$3 ! comb9ation ( an expansive & exhau/ive reason ) a contract$ common s5se4 ,!y are univ]sal only 9 ! s5se t !y take "o ?9 explanation & c>ry x v f>4 ,b a patt]n c /ret* = ev] & /ill be a small patt]n4 ,!y see a *ess-bo>d :ite on black1 & if ! univ]se is pav$ ) x1 x is /ill :ite on black4 ,l ! lunatic1 !y _c alt] _! /&po9t2 !y _c make a m5tal ef=t & sudd5ly see x black on :ite4 ,take fir/ ! m obvi\s case ( mat]ialism4 ,z an explanation ( ! _w1 mat]ialism has a sort ( insane simplicity4 ,x has j ! quality ( ! madman's argum5t2 we h at once ! s5se ( x cov]+ ev]y?+ & ! s5se ( x leav+ ev]y?+ out4 ,contemplate "s able & s9c]e mat]iali/1 z1 = in/ance1 ,mr4 ,mc,cabe1 & y w h exactly ?is unique s5sation4 ,he und]/&s ev]y?+1 & ev]y?+ does n seem wor? und]/&+4 ,8 cosmos may be complete 9 e rivet & cog-:eel1 b /ill 8 cosmos is small] ?an our _w4 ,someh[ 8 s*eme1 l ! lucid s*eme ( ! madman1 seems unconsci\s ( ! ali5 en]gies & ! l>ge indiff]5ce ( ! e>?2 x is n ?9k+ ( ! real ?+s ( ! e>?1 ( fight+ peoples or pr\d mo!rs1 or fir/ love or fe> ^u ! sea4 ,! e>? is s v l>ge1 & ! cosmos is s v small4 ,! cosmos is ab\t ! smalle/ hole t a man c hide 8 head 94 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ,i am n n[ discuss+ ! relation ( ^! cre$s to tru?2 b1 = ! pres5t1 solely _! relation to heal?4 ,lat] 9 ! argum5t ,i hope to attack ! "q ( objective v]ity2 "h ,i speak only ( a ph5om5on ( psy*ology4 ,i d n = ! pres5t attempt to prove to ,haeckel t mat]ialism is untrue1 any m ?an ,i attempt$ to prove to ! man :o ?\ght he 0 ,*ri/ t he 0 lab\r+ "u an error4 ,i m]ely rem>k "h on ! fact t bo? cases h ! same k9d ( complet5ess & ! same k9d ( incomplet5ess4 ,y c expla9 a man's det5tion at ,hanwell by an indiff]5t public by say+ t x is ! crucifixion ( a god ( :om ! _w is n wor?y4 ,! explanation does expla94 ,simil>ly y may expla9 ! ord] 9 ! univ]se by say+ t all ?+s1 ev5 ! s\ls ( m51 are leaves inevitably unfold+ on an utt]ly unconsci\s tree-- ! bl9d de/9y ( matt]4 ,! explanation does expla91 ?\gh n1 ( c\rse1 s completely z ! madman's4 ,b ! po9t "h is t ! normal human m9d n only objects to bo?1 b feels to bo? ! same objection4 ,its approximate /atem5t is t if ! man 9 ,hanwell is ! real ,god1 he is n mu* ( a god4 ,&1 simil>ly1 if ! cosmos ( ! mat]iali/ is ! real cosmos1 x is n mu* ( a cosmos4 ,! ?+ has %runk4 ,! deity is less div9e ?an _m m52 & 7accord+ to ,haeckel7 ! :ole ( life is some?+ mu* m grey1 n>r[1 & trivial ?an _m sep>ate aspects ( x4 ,! p>ts seem great] ?an ! :ole4 ,= we mu/ rememb] t ! mat]iali/ philosophy 7:e!r true or n7 is c]ta9ly mu* m limit+ ?an any religion4 ,9 "o s5se1 ( c\rse1 all intellig5t ideas are n>r[4 ,!y _c be broad] ?an !mselves4 ,a ,*ri/ian is only re/rict$ 9 ! same s5se t an a!i/ is re/rict$4 ,he _c ?9k ,*ri/ianity false & cont9ue to be a ,*ri/ian2 & ! a!i/ _c ?9k a!ism false & cont9ue to be an a!i/4 ,b z x happ5s1 !re is a v special s5se 9 :i* mat]ialism has m re/rictions ?an spiritualism4 ,mr4 ,mc,cabe ?9ks me a slave because ,i am n all[$ to believe 9 det]m9ism4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,mc,cabe a slave because he is n all[$ to believe 9 fairies4 ,b if we exam9e ! two vetoes we %all see t 8 is really mu* m ( a pure veto ?an m9e4 ,! ,*ri/ian is q free to believe t !re is a consid]able am\nt ( settl$ ord] & inevitable developm5t 9 ! univ]se4 ,b ! mat]iali/ is n all[$ to admit into 8 spotless ma*9e ! slighte/ speck ( spiritualism or miracle4 ,poor ,mr4 ,mc,cabe is n all[$ to reta9 ev5 ! t9ie/ imp1 ?\gh x might be hid+ 9 a pimp]nel4 ,! ,*ri/ian admits t ! univ]se is manifold & ev5 miscellane\s1 j z a sane man kn[s t he is complex4 ,! sane man kn[s t he has a t\* ( ! bea/1 a t\* ( ! devil1 a t\* ( ! sa9t1 a t\* ( ! citiz54 ,nay1 ! really sane man kn[s t he has a t\* ( ! madman4 ,b ! mat]iali/'s _w is q simple & solid1 j z ! madman is q sure he is sane4 ,! mat]iali/ is sure t hi/ory has be5 simply & solely a *a9 ( causation1 j z ! int]e/+ p]son be=e m5tion$ is q sure t he is simply & solely a *ick54 ,mat]iali/s & madm5 nev] h d\bts4 ,spiritual doctr9es d n actually limit ! m9d z d mat]iali/ic d5ials4 ,ev5 if ,i believe 9 immortality ,i ne$ n ?9k ab\t x4 ,b if ,i disbelieve 9 immortality ,i mu/ n ?9k ab\t x4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! road is op5 & ,i c g z f> z ,i l2 9 ! second ! road is %ut4 ,b ! case is ev5 /rong]1 & ! p>allel ) madness is yet m /range4 ,= x 0 our case aga9/ ! exhau/ive & logical !ory ( ! lunatic t1 "r or wrong1 x gradually de/roy$ 8 humanity4 ,n[ x is ! *>ge aga9/ ! ma9 d$uctions ( ! mat]iali/ t1 "r or wrong1 !y gradually de/roy 8 humanity2 ,i d n mean only k9dness1 ,i mean hope1 c\rage1 poetry1 initiative1 all t is human4 ,= in/ance1 :5 mat]ialism leads m5 to complete fatalism 7z x g5]ally does71 x is q idle to pret5d t x is 9 any s5se a lib]at+ =ce4 ,x is absurd to say t y are especially advanc+ fre$om :5 y only use free ?\ght to de/roy free w4 ,! det]m9i/s come to b9d1 n to loose4 ,!y may well call _! law ! *a9 ( causation4 ,x is ! wor/ *a9 t ev] fett]$ a human be+4 ,y may use ! language ( lib]ty1 if y l1 ab\t mat]iali/ic tea*+1 b x is obvi\s t ?is is j z inapplicable to x z a :ole z ! same language :5 appli$ to a man lock$ up 9 a mad-h\se4 ,y may say1 if y l1 t ! man is free to ?9k himself a poa*$ egg4 ,b x is surely a m massive & important fact t if he is a poa*$ egg he is n free to eat1 dr9k1 sleep1 walk1 or smoke a cig>ette4 ,simil>ly y may say1 if y l1 t ! bold det]m9i/ speculator is free to disbelieve 9 ! reality ( ! w4 ,b x is a mu* m massive & important fact t he is n free to raise1 to curse1 to ?ank1 to ju/ify1 to urge1 to puni%1 to resi/ temptations1 to incite mobs1 to make ,new ,ye> resolutions1 to p>don s9n]s1 to rebuke tyrants1 or ev5 to say ?ank y = ! mu/>d4 ,9 pass+ f ?is subject ,i may note t !re is a que] fallacy to ! effect t mat]iali/ic fatalism is 9 "s way fav\rable to m]cy1 to ! abolition ( cruel puni%m5ts or puni%m5ts ( any k9d4 ,?is is />tl+ly ! rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,x is q t5able t ! doctr9e ( necessity makes no diff]5ce at all2 t x leaves ! flogg] flogg+ & ! k9d fri5d exhort+ z be=e4 ,b obvi\sly if x /ops ei!r ( !m x /ops ! k9d exhortation4 ,t ! s9s are inevitable does n prev5t puni%m5t2 if x prev5ts any?+ x prev5ts p]suasion4 ,det]m9ism is q z likely to lead to cruelty z x is c]ta9 to lead to c[>dice4 ,det]m9ism is n inconsi/5t ) ! cruel treatm5t ( crim9als4 ,:at x is 7p]haps7 inconsi/5t ) is ! g5]\s treatm5t ( crim9als2 ) any appeal to _! bett] feel+s or enc\ragem5t 9 _! moral /ruggle4 ,! det]m9i/ does n believe 9 appeal+ to ! w1 b he does believe 9 *ang+ ! environm5t4 ,he mu/ n say to ! s9n]1 ,g & s9 no m1 because ! s9n] _c help x4 ,b he c put him 9 boil+ oil2 = boil+ oil is an environm5t4 ,consid]$ z a figure1 !re=e1 ! mat]iali/ has ! fanta/ic outl9e ( ! figure ( ! madman4 ,bo? take up a position at once unansw]able & intol]able4 ,( c\rse x is n only ( ! mat]iali/ t all ?is is true4 ,! same w\ld apply to ! o!r extreme ( speculative logic4 ,!re is a sceptic f> m t]rible ?an he :o believes t ev]y?+ began 9 matt]4 ,x is possible to meet ! sceptic :o believes t ev]y?+ began 9 himself4 ,he d\bts n ! exi/5ce ( angels or devils1 b ! exi/5ce ( m5 & c[s4 ,= him 8 own fri5ds are a my?ology made up by himself4 ,he creat$ 8 own fa!r & 8 own "m4 ,?is horrible fancy has 9 x some?+ decid$ly attractive to ! some:at my/ical egoism ( our day4 ,t publi%] :o ?\ght t m5 w\ld get on if !y believ$ 9 !mselves1 ^? seek]s aft] ! ,sup]man :o are always look+ = him 9 ! look+-glass1 ^? writ]s :o talk ab\t impress+ _! p]sonalities in/ead ( creat+ life = ! _w1 all ^! p h really only an in* betwe5 !m & ?is awful empt9ess4 ,!n :5 ?is k9dly _w all r\nd ! man has be5 black5$ out l a lie2 :5 fri5ds fade into gho/s1 & ! f\ndations ( ! _w fail2 !n :5 ! man1 believ+ 9 no?+ & 9 no man1 is alone 9 8 own nightm>e1 !n ! great individuali/ic motto %all be writt5 ov] him 9 av5g+ irony4 ,! />s w be only dots 9 ! blackness ( 8 own bra92 8 "m's face w be only a sket* f 8 own insane p5cil on ! walls ( 8 cell4 ,b ov] 8 cell %all be writt51 ) dreadful tru?1 ,he believes 9 himself4 ,all t conc]ns u "h1 h[ev]1 is to note t ?is panegoi/ic extreme ( ?\ght exhibits ! same p>adox z ! o!r extreme ( mat]ialism4 ,x is equally complete 9 !ory & equally crippl+ 9 practice4 ,= ! sake ( simplicity1 x is easi] to /ate ! notion by say+ t a man c believe t he is always 9 a dream4 ,n[1 obvi\sly !re c be no positive pro( giv5 to him t he is n 9 a dream1 = ! simple reason t no pro( c be (f]$ t might n be (f]$ 9 a dream4 ,b if ! man began to burn d[n ,london & say t 8 h\sekeep] w\ld soon call him to breakfa/1 we %\ld take him & put him ) o!r logicians 9 a place :i* has (t5 be5 allud$ to 9 ! c\rse ( ?is *apt]4 ,! man :o _c believe 8 s5ses1 & ! man :o _c believe any?+ else1 are bo? insane1 b _! insanity is prov$ n by any error 9 _! argum5t1 b by ! manife/ mi/ake ( _! :ole lives4 ,!y h bo? lock$ !mselves up 9 two boxes1 pa9t$ inside ) ! sun & />s2 !y are bo? unable to get out1 ! "o into ! heal? & happ9ess ( heav51 ! o!r ev5 into ! heal? & happ9ess ( ! e>?4 ,_! position is q reasonable2 nay1 9 a s5se x is inf9itely reasonable1 j z a ?reep5ny bit is inf9itely circul>4 ,b !re is su* a ?+ z a mean inf9ity1 a base & slavi% et]nity4 ,x is amus+ to notice t _m ( ! mod]ns1 :e!r sceptics or my/ics1 h tak5 z _! sign a c]ta9 ea/]n symbol1 :i* is ! v symbol ( ?is ultimate nullity4 ,:5 !y wi% to repres5t et]nity1 !y repres5t x by a s]p5t ) 8 tail 9 8 m\?4 ,!re is a />tl+ s>casm 9 ! image ( t v unsatisfactory meal4 ,! et]nity ( ! mat]ial fatali/s1 ! et]nity ( ! ea/]n pessimi/s1 ! et]nity ( ! sup]cili\s !osophi/s & high] sci5ti/s ( to-day is1 inde$1 v well pres5t$ by a s]p5t eat+ 8 tail1 a degrad$ animal :o de/roys ev5 himself4 ,?is *apt] is purely practical & is conc]n$ ) :at actually is ! *ief m>k & elem5t ( insanity2 we may say 9 summ>y t x is reason us$ )\t root1 reason 9 ! void4 ,! man :o beg9s to ?9k )\t ! prop] fir/ pr9ciples goes mad2 he beg9s to ?9k at ! wrong end4 ,& = ! re/ ( ^! pages we h to try & discov] :at is ! "r end4 ,b we may ask 9 conclusion1 if ?is be :at drives m5 mad1 :at is x t keeps !m sane8 ,by ! end ( ?is book ,i hope to give a def9ite1 "s w ?9k a f> too def9ite1 answ]4 ,b = ! mom5t x is possible 9 ! same solely practical mann] to give a g5]al answ] t\*+ :at 9 actual human hi/ory keeps m5 sane4 ,my/icism keeps m5 sane4 ,z long z y h my/]y y h heal?2 :5 y de/roy my/]y y create morbidity4 ,! ord9>y man has always be5 sane because ! ord9>y man has always be5 a my/ic4 ,he has p]mitt$ ! twilight4 ,he has always _h "o foot 9 e>? & ! o!r 9 fairyl&4 ,he has always left himself free to d\bt 8 gods2 b 7unlike ! agno/ic ( to-day7 free also to believe 9 !m4 ,he has always c>$ m = tru? ?an = consi/5cy4 ,if he saw two tru?s t seem$ to contradict ea* o!r1 he w\ld take ! two tru?s & ! contradiction along ) !m4 ,8 spiritual sight is /]eoscopic1 l 8 physical sight3 he sees two diff]5t pictures at once & yet sees all ! bett] = t4 ,?us he has always believ$ t !re 0 su* a ?+ z fate1 b su* a ?+ z free w also4 ,?us he believ$ t *ildr5 7 inde$ ! k+dom ( heav51 b nev]!less ought to be ob$i5t to ! k+dom ( e>?4 ,he admir$ y\? because x 0 "y & age because x 0 n4 ,x is exactly ?is balance ( app>5t contradictions t has be5 ! :ole buoyancy ( ! heal?y man4 ,! :ole secret ( my/icism is ?is3 t man c und]/& ev]y?+ by ! help ( :at he does n und]/&4 ,! morbid logician seeks to make ev]y?+ lucid1 & succe$s 9 mak+ ev]y?+ my/]i\s4 ,! my/ic all[s "o ?+ to be my/]i\s1 & ev]y?+ else becomes lucid4 ,! det]m9i/ makes ! !ory ( causation q cle>1 & !n f9ds t he _c say if y please to ! h\semaid4 ,! ,*ri/ian p]mits free w to rema9 a sacr$ my/]y2 b because ( ?is 8 relations ) ! h\semaid become ( a sp>kl+ & cry/al cle>ness4 ,he puts ! se$ ( dogma 9 a c5tral d>kness2 b x bran*es =? 9 all directions ) ab\nd+ natural heal?4 ,z we h tak5 ! circle z ! symbol ( reason & madness1 we may v well take ! cross z ! symbol at once ( my/]y & ( heal?4 ,buddhism is c5tripetal1 b ,*ri/ianity is c5trifugal3 x breaks out4 ,= ! circle is p]fect & inf9ite 9 its nature2 b x is fix$ = ev] 9 its size2 x c nev] be l>g] or small]4 ,b ! cross1 ?\gh x has at its he>t a collision & a contradiction1 c ext5d its f\r arms = ev] )\t alt]+ its %ape4 ,because x has a p>adox 9 its c5tre x c gr[ )\t *ang+4 ,! circle returns ^u itself & is b\nd4 ,! cross op5s its arms to ! f\r w9ds2 x is a signpo/ = free travell]s4 ,symbols alone are ( ev5 a cl\dy value 9 speak+ ( ?is deep matt]2 & ano!r symbol f physical nature w express suffici5tly well ! real place ( my/icism be=e mank9d4 ,! "o creat$ ?+ :i* we _c look at is ! "o ?+ 9 ! light ( :i* we look at ev]y?+4 ,l ! sun at noonday1 my/icism expla9s ev]y?+ else by ! blaze ( its own victori\s invisibility4 ,deta*$ intellectualism is 79 ! exact s5se ( a popul> phrase7 all moon%9e2 = x is light )\t heat1 & x is second>y light1 reflect$ f a dead _w4 ,b ! ,greeks 7 "r :5 !y made ,apollo ! god bo? ( imag9ation & ( sanity2 = he 0 bo? ! patron ( poetry & ! patron ( heal+4 ,( necess>y dogmas & a special cre$ ,i %all speak lat]4 ,b t transc5d5talism by :i* all m5 live has prim>ily mu* ! position ( ! sun 9 ! sky4 ,we are consci\s ( x z ( a k9d ( spl5did confusion2 x is some?+ bo? %9+ & %apeless1 at once a blaze & a blur4 ,b ! circle ( ! moon is z cle> & unmi/akable1 z recurr5t & inevitable1 z ! circle ( ,euclid on a blackbo>d4 ,= ! moon is utt]ly reasonable2 & ! moon is ! "m ( lunatics & has giv5 to !m all h] "n4 ,,iii ,,! ,,suicide ,,( ,,?\ght ,! phrases ( ! /reet are n only =cible b subtle3 = a figure ( spee* c (t5 get into a crack too small = a def9ition4 ,phrases l put out or (f col\r might h be5 co9$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,james 9 an agony ( v]bal precision4 ,& !re is no m subtle tru? ?an t ( ! ev]yday phrase ab\t a man hav+ 8 he>t 9 ! "r place4 ,x involves ! idea ( normal proportion2 n only does a c]ta9 function exi/1 b x is rightly relat$ to o!r functions4 ,inde$1 ! negation ( ?is phrase w\ld describe ) peculi> accuracy ! some:at morbid m]cy & p]v]se t5d]ness ( ! mo/ repres5tative mod]ns4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ,i _h to describe ) fairness ! "* ( ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,i c\ld n express myself m exactly ?an by say+ t he has a h]oically l>ge & g5]\s he>t2 b n a he>t 9 ! "r place4 ,& ?is is s ( ! typical society ( our "t4 ,! mod]n _w is n evil2 9 "s ways ! mod]n _w is f> too good4 ,x is full ( wild & wa/$ virtues4 ,:5 a religi\s s*eme is %att]$ 7z ,*ri/ianity 0 %att]$ at ! ,re=mation71 x is n m]ely ! vices t are let loose4 ,! vices are1 inde$1 let loose1 & !y w&] & d damage4 ,b ! virtues are let loose also2 & ! virtues w&] m wildly1 & ! virtues d m t]rible damage4 ,! mod]n _w is full ( ! old ,*ri/ian virtues gone mad4 ,! virtues h gone mad because !y h be5 isolat$ f ea* o!r & are w&]+ alone4 ,?us "s sci5ti/s c>e = tru?2 & _! tru? is pitiless4 ,?us "s humanit>ians only c>e = pity2 & _! pity 7,i am sorry to say7 is (t5 untru?ful4 ,= example1 ,mr4 ,blat*=d attacks ,*ri/ianity because he is mad on "o ,*ri/ian virtue3 ! m]ely my/ical & almo/ irrational virtue ( *>ity4 ,he has a /range idea t he w make x easi] to =give s9s by say+ t !re are no s9s to =give4 ,mr4 ,blat*=d is n only an e>ly ,*ri/ian1 he is ! only e>ly ,*ri/ian :o ought really to h be5 eat5 by lions4 ,= 9 8 case ! pagan accusation is really true3 8 m]cy w\ld mean m]e an>*y4 ,he really is ! enemy ( ! human race-- because he is s human4 ,z ! o!r extreme1 we may take ! acrid reali/1 :o has delib]ately kill$ 9 himself all human pleasure 9 happy tales or 9 ! heal+ ( ! he>t4 ,torquemada tortur$ p physically = ! sake ( moral tru?4 ,zola tortur$ p morally = ! sake ( physical tru?4 ,b 9 ,torquemada's "t !re 0 at lea/ a sy/em t c\ld to "s ext5t make righte\sness & peace kiss ea* o!r4 ,n[ !y d n ev5 b[4 ,b a mu* /rong] case ?an ^! two ( tru? & pity c be f\nd 9 ! rem>kable case ( ! dislocation ( humility4 ,x is only ) "o aspect ( humility t we are "h conc]n$4 ,humility 0 l>gely meant z a re/ra9t ^u ! arrogance & inf9ity ( ! appetite ( man4 ,he 0 always out/ripp+ 8 m]cies ) 8 own newly inv5t$ ne$s4 ,8 v p[] ( enjoym5t de/roy$ half 8 joys4 ,by ask+ = pleasure1 he lo/ ! *ief pleasure2 = ! *ief pleasure is surprise4 ,h5ce x became evid5t t if a man w\ld make 8 _w l>ge1 he mu/ be always mak+ himself small4 ,ev5 ! haughty visions1 ! tall cities1 & ! toppl+ p9nacles are ! creations ( humility4 ,giants t tread d[n =e/s l grass are ! creations ( humility4 ,t[]s t vani% upw>ds above ! lonelie/ /> are ! creations ( humility4 ,= t[]s are n tall unless we look up at !m2 & giants are n giants unless !y are l>g] ?an we4 ,all ?is gigantesque imag9ation1 :i* is1 p]haps1 ! mightie/ ( ! pleasures ( man1 is at bottom entirely humble4 ,x is impossible )\t humility to enjoy any?+-- ev5 pride4 ,b :at we suff] f to-day is humility 9 ! wrong place4 ,mode/y has mov$ f ! organ ( ambition4 ,mode/y has settl$ ^u ! organ ( conviction2 :]e x 0 nev] meant to be4 ,a man 0 meant to be d\btful ab\t himself1 b und\bt+ ab\t ! tru?2 ?is has be5 exactly rev]s$4 ,n[adays ! "p ( a man t a man does ass]t is exactly ! "p he ought n to ass]t--himself4 ,! "p he d\bts is exactly ! "p he ought n to d\bt--! ,div9e ,reason4 ,huxley prea*$ a humility cont5t to le>n f ,nature4 ,b ! new sceptic is s humble t he d\bts if he c ev5 le>n4 ,?us we %\ld be wrong if we _h said ha/ily t !re is no humility typical ( our "t4 ,! tru? is t !re is a real humility typical ( our "t2 b x s happ5s t x is practically a m poison\s humility ?an ! wilde/ pro/rations ( ! ascetic4 ,! old humility 0 a spur t prev5t$ a man f /opp+2 n a nail 9 8 boot t prev5t$ him f go+ on4 ,= ! old humility made a man d\btful ab\t 8 ef=ts1 :i* might make him "w h>d]4 ,b ! new humility makes a man d\btful ab\t 8 aims1 :i* w make him /op work+ altoge!r4 ,at any /reet corn] we may meet a man :o utt]s ! frantic & blasphem\s /atem5t t he may be wrong4 ,e day "o comes across somebody :o says t ( c\rse 8 view may n be ! "r "o4 ,( c\rse 8 view mu/ be ! "r "o1 or x is n 8 view4 ,we are on ! road to produc+ a race ( m5 too m5tally mode/ to believe 9 ! multiplication table4 ,we are 9 dang] ( see+ philosoph]s :o d\bt ! law ( gravity z be+ a m]e fancy ( _! own4 ,sc(f]s ( old "t 7 too pr\d to be conv9c$2 b ^! are too humble to be conv9c$4 ,! meek d inh]it ! e>?2 b ! mod]n sceptics are too meek ev5 to claim _! inh]itance4 ,x is exactly ?is intellectual helplessness :i* is our second problem4 ,! la/ *apt] has be5 conc]n$ only ) a fact ( obs]vation3 t :at p]il ( morbidity !re is = man comes r f 8 reason ?an 8 imag9ation4 ,x 0 n meant to attack ! au?ority ( reason2 r x is ! ultimate purpose to def5d x4 ,= x ne$s def5ce4 ,! :ole mod]n _w is at w> ) reason2 & ! t[] already reels4 ,! sages1 x is (t5 said1 c see no answ] to ! riddle ( religion4 ,b ! tr\ble ) our sages is n t !y _c see ! answ]2 x is t !y _c ev5 see ! riddle4 ,!y are l *ildr5 s /upid z to notice no?+ p>adoxical 9 ! playful ass]tion t a door is n a door4 ,! mod]n latitud9>ians speak1 = in/ance1 ab\t au?ority 9 religion n only z if !re 7 no reason 9 x1 b z if !re _h nev] be5 any reason = x4 ,ap>t f see+ its philosophical basis1 !y _c ev5 see its hi/orical cause4 ,religi\s au?ority has (t51 d\btless1 be5 oppressive or unreasonable2 j z e legal sy/em 7& especially our pres5t "o7 has be5 call\s & full ( a cruel apa?y4 ,x is rational to attack ! police2 nay1 x is glori\s4 ,b ! mod]n critics ( religi\s au?ority are l m5 :o %\ld attack ! police )\t ev] hav+ he>d ( burgl>s4 ,= !re is a great & possible p]il to ! human m9d3 a p]il z practical z burgl>y4 ,aga9/ x religi\s au?ority 0 re>$1 rightly or wrongly1 z a b>ri]4 ,& aga9/ x some?+ c]ta9ly mu/ be re>$ z a b>ri]1 if our race is to avoid ru94 ,t p]il is t ! human intellect is free to de/roy itself4 ,j z "o g5]ation c\ld prev5t ! v exi/5ce ( ! next g5]ation1 by all ent]+ a mona/]y or jump+ into ! sea1 s "o set ( ?9k]s c 9 "s degree prev5t fur!r ?9k+ by tea*+ ! next g5]ation t !re is no validity 9 any human ?\ght4 ,x is idle to talk always ( ! alt]native ( reason & fai?4 ,reason is itself a matt] ( fai?4 ,x is an act ( fai? to ass]t t our ?\ghts h any relation to reality at all4 ,if y are m]ely a sceptic1 y mu/ soon] or lat] ask y\rself ! "q1 ,:y %\ld ,,any?+ g "r2 ev5 obs]vation & d$uction8 ,:y %\ld n good logic be z mislead+ z bad logic8 ,!y are bo? movem5ts 9 ! bra9 ( a bewild]$ ape8 ,! "y sceptic says1 ,i h a "r to ?9k = myself4 ,b ! old sceptic1 ! complete sceptic1 says1 ,i h no "r to ?9k = myself4 ,i h no "r to ?9k at all4 ,!re is a ?\ght t /ops ?\ght4 ,t is ! only ?\ght t ought to be /opp$4 ,t is ! ultimate evil aga9/ :i* all religi\s au?ority 0 aim$4 ,x only appe>s at ! end ( decad5t ages l our own3 & already ,mr4 ,h4,g4,wells has rais$ its ru9\s bann]2 he has writt5 a delicate piece ( scepticism call$ ,d\bts ( ! ,in/rum5t4 ,9 ?is he que/ions ! bra9 itself1 & endeav\rs to remove all reality f all 8 own ass]tions1 pa/1 pres5t1 & to come4 ,b x 0 aga9/ ?is remote ru9 t all ! milit>y sy/ems 9 religion 7 orig9ally rank$ & rul$4 ,! cre$s & ! crusades1 ! hi]>*ies & ! horrible p]secutions 7 n organiz$1 z is ignorantly said1 = ! suppression ( reason4 ,!y 7 organiz$ = ! difficult def5ce ( reason4 ,man1 by a bl9d in/9ct1 knew t if once ?+s 7 wildly que/ion$1 reason c\ld be que/ion$ fir/4 ,! au?ority ( prie/s to absolve1 ! au?ority ( popes to def9e ! au?ority1 ev5 ( inquisitors to t]rify3 ^! 7 all only d>k def5ces erect$ r\nd "o c5tral au?ority1 m undemon/rable1 m sup]natural ?an all--! au?ority ( a man to ?9k4 ,we "k n[ t ?is is s2 we h no excuse = n kn[+ x4 ,= we c he> scepticism cra%+ ?r\gh ! old r+ ( au?orities1 & at ! same mom5t we c see reason sway+ ^u h] ?rone4 ,9 s f> z religion is gone1 reason is go+4 ,= !y are bo? ( ! same prim>y & au?oritative k9d4 ,!y are bo? me?ods ( pro( :i* _c !mselves be prov$4 ,& 9 ! act ( de/roy+ ! idea ( ,div9e au?ority we h l>gely de/roy$ ! idea ( t human au?ority by :i* we d a long-division sum4 ,) a long & su/a9$ tug we h attempt$ to pull ! mitre (f pontifical man2 & 8 head has come (f ) x4 ,le/ ?is %\ld be call$ loose ass]tion1 x is p]haps desirable1 ?\gh dull1 to run rapidly ?r\gh ! *ief mod]n fa%ions ( ?\ght :i* h ?is effect ( /opp+ ?\ght itself4 ,mat]ialism & ! view ( ev]y?+ z a p]sonal illusion h "s su* effect2 = if ! m9d is me*anical1 ?\ght _c be v excit+1 & if ! cosmos is unreal1 !re is no?+ to ?9k ab\t4 ,b 9 ^! cases ! effect is indirect & d\btful4 ,9 "s cases x is direct & cle>2 notably 9 ! case ( :at is g5]ally call$ evolution4 ,evolution is a good example ( t mod]n intellig5ce :i*1 if x de/roys any?+1 de/roys itself4 ,evolution is ei!r an innoc5t sci5tific description ( h[ c]ta9 e>?ly ?+s came ab\t2 or1 if x is any?+ m ?an ?is1 x is an attack ^u ?\ght itself4 ,if evolution de/roys any?+1 x does n de/roy religion b rationalism4 ,if evolution simply means t a positive ?+ call$ an ape turn$ v sl[ly into a positive ?+ call$ a man1 !n x is /+less = ! mo/ or?odox2 = a p]sonal ,god might j z well d ?+s sl[ly z quickly1 especially if1 l ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 he 7 outside "t4 ,b if x means any?+ m1 x means t !re is no su* ?+ z an ape to *ange1 & no su* ?+ z a man = him to *ange into4 ,x means t !re is no su* ?+ z a ?+4 ,at be/1 !re is only "o ?+1 & t is a flux ( ev]y?+ & any?+4 ,?is is an attack n ^u ! fai?1 b ^u ! m9d2 y _c ?9k if !re are no ?+s to ?9k ab\t4 ,y _c ?9k if y are n sep>ate f ! subject ( ?\ght4 ,desc>tes said1 ,i ?9k2 !re=e ,i am4 ,! philosophic evolutioni/ rev]ses & negatives ! epigram4 ,he says1 ,i am n2 !re=e ,i _c ?9k4 ,!n !re is ! opposite attack on ?\ght3 t urg$ by ,mr4 ,h4,g4,wells :5 he insi/s t e sep>ate ?+ is unique1 & !re are no categories at all4 ,?is also is m]ely de/ructive4 ,?9k+ means connect+ ?+s1 & /ops if !y _c be connect$4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ?is scepticism =bidd+ ?\ght necess>ily =bids spee*2 a man _c op5 8 m\? )\t contradict+ x4 ,?us :5 ,mr4 ,wells says 7z he did some:]e71 ,all *airs are q diff]5t1 he utt]s n m]ely a mis/atem5t1 b a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,if all *airs 7 q diff]5t1 y c\ld n call !m all *airs4 ,ak9 to ^! is ! false !ory ( progress1 :i* ma9ta9s t we alt] ! te/ in/ead ( try+ to pass ! te/4 ,we (t5 he> x said1 = in/ance1 ,:at is "r 9 "o age is wrong 9 ano!r4 ,?is is q reasonable1 if x means t !re is a fix$ aim1 & t c]ta9 me?ods atta9 at c]ta9 times & n at o!r times4 ,if wom51 say1 desire to be elegant1 x may be t !y are improv$ at "o "t by gr[+ fatt] & at ano!r "t by gr[+ ?9n]4 ,b y _c say t !y are improv$ by ceas+ to wi% to be elegant & beg9n+ to wi% to be oblong4 ,if ! /&>d *anges1 h[ c !re be improvem5t1 :i* implies a /&>d8 ,nietzs*e />t$ a nons5sical idea t m5 _h once s\ght z good :at we n[ call evil2 if x 7 s1 we c\ld n talk ( surpass+ or ev5 fall+ %ort ( !m4 ,h[ c y ov]take ,jones if y walk 9 ! o!r direction8 ,y _c discuss :e!r "o p has succe$$ m 9 be+ mis]able ?an ano!r succe$$ 9 be+ happy4 ,x w\ld be l discuss+ :e!r ,milton 0 m puritanical ?an a pig is fat4 ,x is true t a man 7a silly man7 might make *ange itself 8 object or ideal4 ,b z an ideal1 *ange itself becomes un*angeable4 ,if ! *ange-wor%ipp] wi%es to e/imate 8 own progress1 he mu/ be /]nly loyal to ! ideal ( *ange2 he mu/ n beg9 to flirt gaily ) ! ideal ( monotony4 ,progress itself _c progress4 ,x is wor? rem>k1 9 pass+1 t :5 ,t5nyson1 9 a wild & r weak mann]1 welcom$ ! idea ( inf9ite alt]ation 9 society1 he in/9ctively took a metaphor :i* sugge/s an imprison$ t$ium4 ,he wrote-- ,let ! great _w sp9 = ev] d[n ! r++ grooves ( *ange4 ,he ?\ght ( *ange itself z an un*angeable groove2 & s x is4 ,*ange is ab\t ! n>r[e/ & h>de/ groove t a man c get into4 ,! ma9 po9t "h1 h[ev]1 is t ?is idea ( a fundam5tal alt]ation 9 ! /&>d is "o ( ! ?+s t make ?\ght ab\t ! pa/ or future simply impossible4 ,! !ory ( a complete *ange ( /&>ds 9 human hi/ory does n m]ely deprive u ( ! pleasure ( hon\r+ our fa!rs2 x deprives u ev5 ( ! m mod]n & ari/ocratic pleasure ( despis+ !m4 ,?is bald summ>y ( ! ?\ght-de/roy+ =ces ( our "t w\ld n be complete )\t "s ref]5ce to pragmatism2 = ?\gh ,i h "h us$ & %\ld ev]y:]e def5d ! pragmati/ me?od z a prelim9>y guide to tru?1 !re is an extreme application ( x :i* involves ! abs5ce ( all tru? :atev]4 ,my mean+ c be put %ortly ?us4 ,i agree ) ! pragmati/s t app>5t objective tru? is n ! :ole matt]2 t !re is an au?oritative ne$ to believe ! ?+s t are necess>y to ! human m9d4 ,b ,i say t "o ( ^? necessities precisely is a belief 9 objective tru?4 ,! pragmati/ tells a man to ?9k :at he mu/ ?9k & nev] m9d ! ,absolute4 ,b precisely "o ( ! ?+s t he mu/ ?9k is ! ,absolute4 ,?is philosophy1 inde$1 is a k9d ( v]bal p>adox4 ,pragmatism is a matt] ( human ne$s2 & "o ( ! fir/ ( human ne$s is to be some?+ m ?an a pragmati/4 ,extreme pragmatism is j z inhuman z ! det]m9ism x s p[]fully attacks4 ,! det]m9i/ 7:o1 to d him ju/ice1 does n pret5d to be a human be+7 makes nons5se ( ! human s5se ( actual *oice4 ,! pragmati/1 :o pr(esses to be specially human1 makes nons5se ( ! human s5se ( actual fact4 ,to sum up our cont5tion s f>1 we may say t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic curr5t philosophies h n only a t\* ( mania1 b a t\* ( suicidal mania4 ,! m]e que/ion] has knock$ 8 head aga9/ ! limits ( human ?\ght2 & crack$ x4 ,?is is :at makes s futile ! w>n+s ( ! or?odox & ! boa/s ( ! advanc$ ab\t ! dang]\s boyhood ( free ?\ght4 ,:at we are look+ at is n ! boyhood ( free ?\ght2 x is ! old age & ultimate dissolution ( free ?\ght4 ,x is va9 = bi%ops & pi\s bigwigs to discuss :at dreadful ?+s w happ5 if wild scepticism runs its c\rse4 ,x has run its c\rse4 ,x is va9 = eloqu5t a!i/s to talk ( ! great tru?s t w be reveal$ if once we see free ?\ght beg94 ,we h se5 x end4 ,x has no m que/ions to ask2 x has que/ion$ itself4 ,y _c call up any wild] vision ?an a city 9 :i* m5 ask !mselves if !y h any selves4 ,y _c fancy a m sceptical _w ?an t 9 :i* m5 d\bt if !re is a _w4 ,x might c]ta9ly h rea*$ its bankruptcy m quickly & cleanly if x _h n be5 feebly hamp]$ by ! application ( indef5sible laws ( blasphemy or by ! absurd pret5ce t mod]n ,engl& is ,*ri/ian4 ,b x w\ld h rea*$ ! bankruptcy anyh[4 ,militant a!i/s are /ill unju/ly p]secut$2 b r because !y are an old m9ority ?an because !y are a new "o4 ,free ?\ght has exhau/$ its own fre$om4 ,x is we>y ( its own success4 ,if any eag] free?9k] n[ hails philosophic fre$om z ! dawn1 he is only l ! man 9 ,m>k ,twa9 :o came out wrapp$ 9 blankets to see ! sun rise & 0 j 9 "t to see x set4 ,if any fright5$ curate /ill says t x w be awful if ! d>kness ( free ?\ght %\ld spread1 we c only answ] him 9 ! high & p[]ful words ( ,mr4 ,belloc1 ,d n1 ,i besee* y1 be tr\bl$ ab\t ! increase ( =ces already 9 dissolution4 ,y h mi/ak5 ! h\r ( ! night3 x is already morn+4 ,we h no m que/ions left to ask4 ,we h look$ = que/ions 9 ! d>ke/ corn]s & on ! wilde/ peaks4 ,we h f\nd all ! que/ions t c be f\nd4 ,x is "t we gave up look+ = que/ions & began look+ = answ]s4 ,b "o m ^w mu/ be add$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is prelim9>y negative sket* ,i said t our m5tal ru9 has be5 wr\ght by wild reason1 n by wild imag9ation4 ,a man does n g mad because he makes a /atue a mile high1 b he may g mad by ?9k+ x out 9 squ>e in*es4 ,n[1 "o s*ool ( ?9k]s has se5 ?is & jump$ at x z a way ( r5ew+ ! pagan heal? ( ! _w4 ,!y see t reason de/roys2 b ,w1 !y say1 creates4 ,! ultimate au?ority1 !y say1 is 9 w1 n 9 reason4 ,! supreme po9t is n :y a man dem&s a ?+1 b ! fact t he does dem& x4 ,i h no space to trace or exp\nd ?is philosophy ( ,w4 ,x came1 ,i suppose1 ?r\gh ,nietzs*e1 :o prea*$ some?+ t is call$ egoism4 ,t1 inde$1 0 simplem9d$ en\gh2 = ,nietzs*e d5i$ egoism simply by prea*+ x4 ,to prea* any?+ is to give x away4 ,fir/1 ! egoi/ calls life a w> )\t m]cy1 & !n he takes ! greate/ possible tr\ble to drill 8 enemies 9 w>4 ,to prea* egoism is to practise altruism4 ,b h[ev] x began1 ! view is common en\gh 9 curr5t lit]ature4 ,! ma9 def5ce ( ^! ?9k]s is t !y are n ?9k]s2 !y are mak]s4 ,!y say t *oice is itself ! div9e ?+4 ,?us ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw has attack$ ! old idea t m5's acts are to be judg$ by ! /&>d ( ! desire ( happ9ess4 ,he says t a man does n act = 8 happ9ess1 b f 8 w4 ,he does n say1 ,jam w make me happy1 b ,i want jam4 ,& 9 all ?is o!rs foll[ him ) yet great] en?usiasm4 ,mr4 ,john ,davidson1 a rem>kable poet1 is s passionately excit$ ab\t x t he is oblig$ to write prose4 ,he publi%es a %ort play ) sev]al long prefaces4 ,?is is natural en\gh 9 ,mr4 ,%aw1 = all 8 plays are prefaces3 ,mr4 ,%aw is 7,i suspect7 ! only man on e>? :o has nev] writt5 any poetry4 ,b t ,mr4 ,davidson 7:o c write excell5t poetry7 %\ld write in/ead labori\s metaphysics 9 def5ce ( ?is doctr9e ( w1 does %[ t ! doctr9e ( w has tak5 hold ( m54 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,h4,g4,wells has half spok5 9 its language2 say+ t "o %\ld te/ acts n l a ?9k]1 b l an arti/1 say+1 ,i ,,feel ?is curve is "r1 or t l9e ,,%all g ?us4 ,!y are all excit$2 & well !y may be4 ,= by ?is doctr9e ( ! div9e au?ority ( w1 !y ?9k !y c break out ( ! doom$ =tress ( rationalism4 ,!y ?9k !y c escape4 ,b !y _c escape4 ,?is pure praise ( volition ends 9 ! same break up & blank z ! m]e pursuit ( logic4 ,exactly z complete free ?\ght involves ! d\bt+ ( ?\ght itself1 s ! acceptation ( m]e will+ really p>alyzes ! w4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw has n p]ceiv$ ! real diff]5ce betwe5 ! old utilit>ian te/ ( pleasure 7clumsy1 ( c\rse1 & easily mis/at$7 & t :i* he prop\nds4 ,! real diff]5ce betwe5 ! te/ ( happ9ess & ! te/ ( w is simply t ! te/ ( happ9ess is a te/ & ! o!r isn't4 ,y c discuss :e!r a man's act 9 jump+ ov] a cliff 0 direct$ t[>ds happ9ess2 y _c discuss :e!r x 0 d]iv$ f w4 ,( c\rse x 04 ,y c praise an action by say+ t x is calculat$ to br+ pleasure or pa9 to discov] tru? or to save ! s\l4 ,b y _c praise an action because x %[s w2 = to say t is m]ely to say t x is an action4 ,by ?is praise ( w y _c really *oose "o c\rse z bett] ?an ano!r4 ,& yet *oos+ "o c\rse z bett] ?an ano!r is ! v def9ition ( ! w y are prais+4 ,! wor%ip ( w is ! negation ( w4 ,to admire m]e *oice is to refuse to *oose4 ,if ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw comes up to me & says1 ,w some?+1 t is tantam\nt to say+1 ,i d n m9d :at y w1 & t is tantam\nt to say+1 ,i h no w 9 ! matt]4 ,y _c admire w 9 g5]al1 because ! ess5ce ( w is t x is p>ticul>4 ,a brilliant an>*i/ l ,mr4 ,john ,davidson feels an irritation aga9/ ord9>y morality1 & !re=e he invokes w--w to any?+4 ,he only wants humanity to want some?+4 ,b humanity does want some?+4 ,x wants ord9>y morality4 ,he rebels aga9/ ! law & tells u to w some?+ or any?+4 ,b we h will$ some?+4 ,we h will$ ! law aga9/ :i* he rebels4 ,all ! w-wor%ipp]s1 f ,nietzs*e to ,mr4 ,davidson1 are really q empty ( volition4 ,!y _c w1 !y c h>dly wi%4 ,& if any "o wants a pro( ( ?is1 x c be f\nd q easily4 ,x c be f\nd 9 ?is fact3 t !y always talk ( w z some?+ t exp&s & breaks out4 ,b x is q ! opposite4 ,e act ( w is an act ( self-limitation4 ,to desire action is to desire limitation4 ,9 t s5se e act is an act ( self-sacrifice4 ,:5 y *oose any?+1 y reject ev]y?+ else4 ,t objection1 :i* m5 ( ?is s*ool us$ to make to ! act ( m>riage1 is really an objection to e act4 ,e act is an irrevocable selection & exclusion4 ,j z :5 y m>ry "o woman y give up all ! o!rs1 s :5 y take "o c\rse ( action y give up all ! o!r c\rses4 ,if y become ,k+ ( ,engl&1 y give up ! po/ ( ,beadle 9 ,brompton4 ,if y g to ,rome1 y sacrifice a ri* sugge/ive life 9 ,wimbl$on4 ,x is ! exi/5ce ( ?is negative or limit+ side ( w t makes mo/ ( ! talk ( ! an>*ic w-wor%ipp]s little bett] ?an nons5se4 ,= in/ance1 ,mr4 ,john ,davidson tells u to h no?+ to d ) ,?\ %alt n2 b x is surely obvi\s t ,?\ %alt n is only "o ( ! necess>y coroll>ies ( ,i w4 ,i w g to ! ,"l ,mayor's ,%[1 & ?\ %alt n /op me4 ,an>*ism adjures u to be bold creative arti/s1 & c>e = no laws or limits4 ,b x is impossible to be an arti/ & n c>e = laws & limits4 ,art is limitation2 ! ess5ce ( e picture is ! frame4 ,if y draw a giraffe1 y mu/ draw him ) a long neck4 ,if1 9 y\r bold creative way1 y hold y\rself free to draw a giraffe ) a %ort neck1 y w really f9d t y are n free to draw a giraffe4 ,! mom5t y /ep into ! _w ( facts1 y /ep into a _w ( limits4 ,y c free ?+s f ali5 or accid5tal laws1 b n f ! laws ( _! own nature4 ,y may1 if y l1 free a tig] f 8 b>s2 b d n free him f 8 /ripes4 ,d n free a camel ( ! burd5 ( 8 hump3 y may be free+ him f be+ a camel4 ,d n g ab\t z a demagogue1 enc\rag+ triangles to break out ( ! prison ( _! ?ree sides4 ,if a triangle breaks out ( its ?ree sides1 its life comes to a lam5table end4 ,somebody wrote a "w call$ ,! ,loves ( ! ,triangles2 ,i nev] read x1 b ,i am sure t if triangles ev] 7 lov$1 !y 7 lov$ = be+ triangul>4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! case ) all arti/ic creation1 :i* is 9 "s ways ! mo/ decisive example ( pure w4 ,! arti/ loves 8 limitations3 !y con/itute ! ,,?+ he is do+4 ,! pa9t] is glad t ! canvas is flat4 ,! sculptor is glad t ! clay is col\rless4 ,9 case ! po9t is n cle>1 an hi/oric example may illu/rate x4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution 0 really an h]oic & decisive ?+1 because ! ,jacob9s will$ some?+ def9ite & limit$4 ,!y desir$ ! fre$oms ( democracy1 b also all ! vetoes ( democracy4 ,!y wi%$ to h votes & ,,n to h titles4 ,republicanism _h an ascetic side 9 ,frankl9 or ,robespi]re z well z an expansive side 9 ,danton or ,wilkes4 ,!re=e !y h creat$ some?+ ) a solid sub/ance & %ape1 ! squ>e social equality & peasant weal? ( ,france4 ,b s9ce !n ! revolution>y or speculative m9d ( ,europe has be5 weak5$ by %r9k+ f any proposal because ( ! limits ( t proposal4 ,lib]alism has be5 degrad$ into lib]ality4 ,m5 h tri$ to turn revolutionise f a transitive to an intransitive v]b4 ,! ,jacob9 c\ld tell y n only ! sy/em he w\ld rebel aga9/1 b 7:at 0 m important7 ! sy/em he w\ld ,,n rebel aga9/1 ! sy/em he w\ld tru/4 ,b ! new rebel is a ,sceptic1 & w n entirely tru/ any?+4 ,he has no loyalty2 !re=e he c nev] be really a revolutioni/4 ,& ! fact t he d\bts ev]y?+ really gets 9 8 way :5 he wants to d5\nce any?+4 ,= all d5unciation implies a moral doctr9e ( "s k9d2 & ! mod]n revolutioni/ d\bts n only ! in/itution he d5\nces1 b ! doctr9e by :i* he d5\nces x4 ,?us he writes "o book compla9+ t imp]ial oppression insults ! purity ( wom51 & !n he writes ano!r book 7ab\t ! sex problem7 9 :i* he insults x himself4 ,he curses ! ,sultan because ,*ri/ian girls lose _! virg9ity1 & !n curses ,mrs4 ,grundy because !y keep x4 ,z a politician1 he w cry out t w> is a wa/e ( life1 & !n1 z a philosoph]1 t all life is wa/e ( "t4 ,a ,russian pessimi/ w d5\nce a policeman = kill+ a peasant1 & !n prove by ! highe/ philosophical pr9ciples t ! peasant ought to h kill$ himself4 ,a man d5\nces m>riage z a lie1 & !n d5\nces ari/ocratic pr(ligates = treat+ x z a lie4 ,he calls a flag a bauble1 & !n blames ! oppressors ( ,pol& or ,irel& because !y take away t bauble4 ,! man ( ?is s*ool goes fir/ to a political meet+1 :]e he compla9s t savages are treat$ z if !y 7 bea/s2 !n he takes 8 hat & umbrella & goes on to a sci5tific meet+1 :]e he proves t !y practically are bea/s4 ,9 %ort1 ! mod]n revolutioni/1 be+ an inf9ite sceptic1 is always engag$ 9 und]m9+ 8 own m9es4 ,9 8 book on politics he attacks m5 = trampl+ on morality2 9 8 book on e?ics he attacks morality = trampl+ on m54 ,!re=e ! mod]n man 9 revolt has become practically useless = all purposes ( revolt4 ,by rebell+ aga9/ ev]y?+ he has lo/ 8 "r to rebel aga9/ any?+4 ,x may be add$ t ! same blank & bankruptcy c be obs]v$ 9 all fi]ce & t]rible types ( lit]ature1 especially 9 satire4 ,satire may be mad & an>*ic1 b x presupposes an admitt$ sup]iority 9 c]ta9 ?+s ov] o!rs2 x presupposes a /&>d4 ,:5 little boys 9 ! /reet laugh at ! fatness ( "s di/+ui%$ j\rnali/1 !y are unconsci\sly assum+ a /&>d ( ,greek sculpture4 ,!y are appeal+ to ! m>ble ,apollo4 ,& ! curi\s disappe>ance ( satire f our lit]ature is an in/ance ( ! fi]ce ?+s fad+ = want ( any pr9ciple to be fi]ce ab\t4 ,nietzs*e _h "s natural tal5t = s>casm3 he c\ld sne]1 ?\gh he c\ld n laugh2 b !re is always some?+ bodiless & )\t weight 9 8 satire1 simply because x has n any mass ( common morality beh9d x4 ,he is himself m prepo/]\s ?an any?+ he d5\nces4 ,b1 inde$1 ,nietzs*e w /& v well z ! type ( ! :ole ( ?is failure ( ab/ract viol5ce4 ,! s(t5+ ( ! bra9 :i* ultimately ov]took him 0 n a physical accid5t4 ,if ,nietzs*e _h n end$ 9 imbecility1 ,nietzs*eism w\ld end 9 imbecility4 ,?9k+ 9 isolation & ) pride ends 9 be+ an idiot4 ,e man :o w n h s(t5+ ( ! he>t mu/ at la/ h s(t5+ ( ! bra94 ,?is la/ attempt to evade intellectualism ends 9 intellectualism1 & !re=e 9 dea?4 ,! sortie has fail$4 ,! wild wor%ip ( lawlessness & ! mat]iali/ wor%ip ( law end 9 ! same void4 ,nietzs*e scales /agg]+ m\nta9s1 b he turns up ultimately 9 ,tibet4 ,he sits d[n beside ,tol/oy 9 ! l& ( no?+ & ,nirvana4 ,!y are bo? helpless--"o because he mu/ n grasp any?+1 & ! o!r because he mu/ n let g ( any?+4 ,! ,tol/oyan's w is froz5 by a ,buddhi/ in/9ct t all special actions are evil4 ,b ! ,nietzs*eite's w is q equally froz5 by 8 view t all special actions are good2 = if all special actions are good1 none ( !m are special4 ,!y /& at ! crossroads1 & "o hates all ! roads & ! o!r likes all ! roads4 ,! result is--well1 "s ?+s are n h>d to calculate4 ,!y /& at ! cross-roads4 ,"h ,i end 7?ank ,god7 ! fir/ & dulle/ bus9ess ( ?is book--! r\gh review ( rec5t ?\ght4 ,aft] ?is ,i beg9 to sket* a view ( life :i* may n int]e/ my read]1 b :i*1 at any rate1 int]e/s me4 ,9 front ( me1 z ,i close ?is page1 is a pile ( mod]n books t ,i h be5 turn+ ov] = ! purpose--a pile ( +5uity1 a pile ( futility4 ,by ! accid5t ( my pres5t deta*m5t1 ,i c see ! inevitable sma% ( ! philosophies ( ,s*op5hau] & ,tol/oy1 ,nietzs*e & ,%aw1 z cle>ly z an inevitable railway sma% c\ld be se5 f a balloon4 ,!y are all on ! road to ! empt9ess ( ! asylum4 ,= madness may be def9$ z us+ m5tal activity s z to rea* m5tal helplessness2 & !y h ne>ly rea*$ x4 ,he :o ?9ks he is made ( glass1 ?9ks to ! de/ruction ( ?\ght2 = glass _c ?9k4 ,s he :o wills to reject no?+1 wills ! de/ruction ( w2 = w is n only ! *oice ( some?+1 b ! rejection ( almo/ ev]y?+4 ,& z ,i turn & tumble ov] ! clev]1 wond]ful1 tiresome1 & useless mod]n books1 ! title ( "o ( !m rivets my eye4 ,x is call$ ,jeanne d',arc1 by ,anatole ,france4 ,i h only glanc$ at x1 b a glance 0 en\gh to rem9d me ( ,r5an's ,vie de ,jesus4 ,x has ! same /range me?od ( ! rev]5t sceptic4 ,x discr$its sup]natural /ories t h "s f\ndation1 simply by tell+ natural /ories t h no f\ndation4 ,because we _c believe 9 :at a sa9t did1 we are to pret5d t we "k exactly :at he felt4 ,b ,i d n m5tion ei!r book 9 ord] to criticise x1 b because ! accid5tal comb9ation ( ! names call$ up two />tl+ images ( ,sanity :i* bla/$ all ! books be=e me4 ,joan ( ,arc 0 n /uck at ! cross-roads1 ei!r by reject+ all ! pa?s l ,tol/oy1 or by accept+ !m all l ,nietzs*e4 ,%e *ose a pa?1 & w5t d[n x l a ?und]bolt4 ,yet ,joan1 :5 ,i came to ?9k ( h]1 _h 9 h] all t 0 true ei!r 9 ,tol/oy or ,nietzs*e1 all t 0 ev5 tol]able 9 ei!r ( !m4 ,i ?\ght ( all t is noble 9 ,tol/oy1 ! pleasure 9 pla9 ?+s1 especially 9 pla9 pity1 ! actualities ( ! e>?1 ! rev]5ce = ! poor1 ! dignity ( ! b[$ back4 ,joan ( ,arc _h all t & ) ?is great addition1 t %e endur$ pov]ty z well z admir+ x2 :]eas ,tol/oy is only a typical ari/ocrat try+ to f9d out its secret4 ,& !n ,i ?\ght ( all t 0 brave & pr\d & pa!tic 9 poor ,nietzs*e1 & 8 mut9y aga9/ ! empt9ess & timidity ( our "t4 ,i ?\ght ( 8 cry = ! ec/atic equilibrium ( dang]1 8 hung] = ! ru% ( great horses1 8 cry to arms4 ,well1 ,joan ( ,arc _h all t1 & aga9 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t %e did n praise fight+1 b f\ght4 ,we ,,"k t %e 0 n afraid ( an army1 :ile ,nietzs*e1 = all we "k1 0 afraid ( a c[4 ,tol/oy only prais$ ! peasant2 %e 0 ! peasant4 ,nietzs*e only prais$ ! w>rior2 %e 0 ! w>rior4 ,%e beat !m bo? at _! own antagoni/ic ideals2 %e 0 m g5tle ?an ! "o1 m viol5t ?an ! o!r4 ,yet %e 0 a p]fectly practical p]son :o did some?+1 :ile !y are wild speculators :o d no?+4 ,x 0 impossible t ! ?\ght %\ld n cross my m9d t %e & h] fai? _h p]haps "s secret ( moral unity & utility t has be5 lo/4 ,& ) t ?\ght came a l>g] "o1 & ! colossal figure ( h] ,ma/] _h also cross$ ! !atre ( my ?\ghts4 ,! same mod]n difficulty :i* d>k5$ ! subject-matt] ( ,anatole ,france also d>k5$ t ( ,erne/ ,r5an4 ,r5an also divid$ 8 h]o's pity f 8 h]o's pugnacity4 ,r5an ev5 repres5t$ ! righte\s ang] at ,j]usalem z a m]e n]v\s breakd[n aft] ! idyllic expectations ( ,galilee4 ,z if !re 7 any inconsi/5cy betwe5 hav+ a love = humanity & hav+ a hatr$ = inhumanity6 ,altrui/s1 ) ?91 weak voices1 d5\nce ,*ri/ z an egoi/4 ,egoi/s 7) ev5 ?9n] & weak] voices7 d5\nce ,him z an altrui/4 ,9 our pres5t atmosph]e su* cavils are compreh5sible en\gh4 ,! love ( a h]o is m t]rible ?an ! hatr$ ( a tyrant4 ,! hatr$ ( a h]o is m g5]\s ?an ! love ( a philan?ropi/4 ,!re is a huge & h]oic sanity ( :i* mod]ns c only collect ! fragm5ts4 ,!re is a giant ( :om we see only ! lopp$ arms & legs walk+ ab\t4 ,!y h torn ! s\l ( ,*ri/ into silly /rips1 labell$ egoism & altruism1 & !y are equally puzzl$ by ,8 insane magnific5ce & ,8 insane meekness4 ,!y h p>t$ ,8 g>m5ts among !m1 & = ,8 ve/ure !y h ca/ lots2 ?\gh ! coat 0 )\t seam wov5 f ! top ?r\gh\t4 ,,iv ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,elfl& ,:5 ! bus9ess man rebukes ! idealism ( 8 (fice-boy1 x is commonly 9 "s su* spee* z ?is3 ,ah1 yes1 :5 "o is "y1 "o has ^! ideals 9 ! ab/ract & ^! ca/les 9 ! air2 b 9 middle age !y all break up l cl\ds1 & "o comes d[n to a belief 9 practical politics1 to us+ ! ma*9]y "o has & gett+ on ) ! _w z x is4 ,?us1 at lea/1 v5]able & philan?ropic old m5 n[ 9 _! hon\r$ graves us$ to talk to me :5 ,i 0 a boy4 ,b s9ce !n ,i h gr[n up & h discov]$ t ^! philan?ropic old m5 7 tell+ lies4 ,:at has really happ5$ is exactly ! opposite ( :at !y said w\ld happ54 ,!y said t ,i %\ld lose my ideals & beg9 to believe 9 ! me?ods ( practical politicians4 ,n[1 ,i h n lo/ my ideals 9 ! lea/2 my fai? 9 fundam5tals is exactly :at x always 04 ,:at ,i h lo/ is my old *ildlike fai? 9 practical politics4 ,i am /ill z mu* conc]n$ z ev] ab\t ! ,battle ( ,armag$don2 b ,i am n s mu* conc]n$ ab\t ! ,g5]al ,election4 ,z a babe ,i leapt up on my "m's knee at ! m]e m5tion ( x4 ,no2 ! vision is always solid & reliable4 ,! vision is always a fact4 ,x is ! reality t is (t5 a fraud4 ,z mu* z ,i ev] did1 m ?an ,i ev] did1 ,i believe 9 ,lib]alism4 ,b !re 0 a rosy "t ( innoc5ce :5 ,i believ$ 9 ,lib]als4 ,i take ?is in/ance ( "o ( ! endur+ fai?s because1 hav+ n[ to trace ! roots ( my p]sonal speculation1 ?is may be c\nt$1 ,i ?9k1 z ! only positive bias4 ,i 0 br\ght up a ,lib]al1 & h always believ$ 9 democracy1 9 ! elem5t>y lib]al doctr9e ( a self-gov]n+ humanity4 ,if any "o f9ds ! phrase vague or ?readb>e1 ,i c only pause = a mom5t to expla9 t ! pr9ciple ( democracy1 z ,i mean x1 c be /at$ 9 two propositions4 ,! fir/ is ?is3 t ! ?+s common to all m5 are m important ?an ! ?+s peculi> to any m54 ,ord9>y ?+s are m valuable ?an extraord9>y ?+s2 nay1 !y are m extraord9>y4 ,man is some?+ m awful ?an m52 some?+ m /range4 ,! s5se ( ! miracle ( humanity itself %\ld be always m vivid to u ?an any m>vels ( p[]1 intellect1 art1 or civilization4 ,! m]e man on two legs1 z su*1 %\ld be felt z some?+ m he>tbreak+ ?an any music & m />tl+ ?an any c>icature4 ,dea? is m tragic ev5 ?an dea? by />vation4 ,hav+ a nose is m comic ev5 ?an hav+ a ,norman nose4 ,?is is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( democracy3 t ! ess5tial ?+s 9 m5 are ! ?+s !y hold 9 common1 n ! ?+s !y hold sep>ately4 ,& ! second pr9ciple is m]ely ?is3 t ! political in/9ct or desire is "o ( ^! ?+s :i* !y hold 9 common4 ,fall+ 9 love is m poetical ?an dropp+ into poetry4 ,! democratic cont5tion is t gov]nm5t 7help+ to rule ! tribe7 is a ?+ l fall+ 9 love1 & n a ?+ l dropp+ into poetry4 ,x is n some?+ analog\s to play+ ! *ur* organ1 pa9t+ on vellum1 discov]+ ! ,nor? ,pole 7t insidi\s habit71 loop+ ! loop1 be+ ,a/ronom] ,royal1 & s on4 ,= ^! ?+s we d n wi% a man to d at all unless he does !m well4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 a ?+ analog\s to writ+ "o's own love-lett]s or bl[+ "o's own nose4 ,^! ?+s we want a man to d = himself1 ev5 if he does !m badly4 ,i am n "h argu+ ! tru? ( any ( ^! conceptions2 ,i "k t "s mod]ns are ask+ to h _! wives *os5 by sci5ti/s1 & !y may soon be ask+1 = all ,i "k1 to h _! noses bl[n by nurses4 ,i m]ely say t mank9d does recognize ^! univ]sal human functions1 & t democracy classes gov]nm5t among !m4 ,9 %ort1 ! democratic fai? is ?is3 t ! mo/ t]ribly important ?+s mu/ be left to ord9>y m5 !mselves--! mat+ ( ! sexes1 ! re>+ ( ! "y1 ! laws ( ! /ate4 ,?is is democracy2 & 9 ?is ,i h always believ$4 ,b !re is "o ?+ t ,i h nev] f my y\? up be5 able to und]/&4 ,i h nev] be5 able to und]/& :]e p got ! idea t democracy 0 9 "s way oppos$ to tradition4 ,x is obvi\s t tradition is only democracy ext5d$ ?r\gh "t4 ,x is tru/+ to a cons5sus ( common human voices r ?an to "s isolat$ or arbitr>y record4 ,! man :o quotes "s ,g]man hi/orian aga9/ ! tradition ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 = in/ance1 is /rictly appeal+ to ari/ocracy4 ,he is appeal+ to ! sup]iority ( "o exp]t aga9/ ! awful au?ority ( a mob4 ,x is q easy to see :y a leg5d is treat$1 & ought to be treat$1 m respectfully ?an a book ( hi/ory4 ,! leg5d is g5]ally made by ! majority ( p 9 ! village1 :o are sane4 ,! book is g5]ally writt5 by ! "o man 9 ! village :o is mad4 ,^? :o urge aga9/ tradition t m5 9 ! pa/ 7 ignorant may g & urge x at ! ,c>lton ,club1 along ) ! /atem5t t vot]s 9 ! slums are ignorant4 ,x w n d = u4 ,if we atta* great importance to ! op9ion ( ord9>y m5 9 great unanimity :5 we are deal+ ) daily matt]s1 !re is no reason :y we %\ld disreg>d x :5 we are deal+ ) hi/ory or fable4 ,tradition may be def9$ z an ext5sion ( ! fran*ise4 ,tradition means giv+ votes to ! mo/ obscure ( all classes1 our ance/ors4 ,x is ! democracy ( ! dead4 ,tradition refuses to submit to ! small & arrogant olig>*y ( ^? :o m]ely happ5 to be walk+ ab\t4 ,all democrats object to m5 be+ disqualifi$ by ! accid5t ( bir?2 tradition objects to _! be+ disqualifi$ by ! accid5t ( dea?4 ,democracy tells u n to neglect a good man's op9ion1 ev5 if he is our groom2 tradition asks u n to neglect a good man's op9ion1 ev5 if he is our fa!r4 ,i1 at any rate1 _c sep>ate ! two ideas ( democracy & tradition2 x seems evid5t to me t !y are ! same idea4 ,we w h ! dead at our c\ncils4 ,! anci5t ,greeks vot$ by /ones2 ^! %all vote by tomb/ones4 ,x is all q regul> & (ficial1 = mo/ tomb/ones1 l mo/ ballot pap]s1 are m>k$ ) a cross4 ,i h fir/ to say1 !re=e1 t if ,i h _h a bias1 x 0 always a bias 9 fav\r ( democracy1 & !re=e ( tradition4 ,be=e we come to any !oretic or logical beg9n+s ,i am cont5t to all[ = t p]sonal equation2 ,i h always be5 m incl9$ to believe ! ruck ( h>d-work+ p ?an to believe t special & tr\blesome lit]>y class to :i* ,i belong4 ,i pref] ev5 ! fancies & prejudices ( ! p :o see life f ! inside to ! cle>e/ demon/rations ( ! p :o see life f ! outside4 ,i w\ld always tru/ ! old wives' fables aga9/ ! old maids' facts4 ,z long z wit is "m wit x c be z wild z x pleases4 ,n[1 ,i h to put toge!r a g5]al position1 & ,i pret5d to no tra9+ 9 su* ?+s4 ,i propose to d x1 !re=e1 by writ+ d[n "o aft] ano!r ! ?ree or f\r fundam5tal ideas :i* ,i h f\nd = myself1 pretty mu* 9 ! way t ,i f\nd !m4 ,!n ,i %all r\ghly syn!sise !m1 summ+ up my p]sonal philosophy or natural religion2 !n ,i %all describe my />tl+ discov]y t ! :ole ?+ _h be5 discov]$ be=e4 ,x _h be5 discov]$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ( ^! pr(\nd p]suasions :i* ,i h to rec\nt 9 ord]1 ! e>lie/ 0 conc]n$ ) ?is elem5t ( popul> tradition4 ,& )\t ! =ego+ explanation t\*+ tradition & democracy ,i c\ld h>dly make my m5tal exp]i5ce cle>4 ,z x is1 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i c make x cle>1 b ,i n[ propose to try4 ,my fir/ & la/ philosophy1 t :i* ,i believe 9 ) unbrok5 c]ta9ty1 ,i le>nt 9 ! nurs]y4 ,i g5]ally le>nt x f a nurse2 t is1 f ! solemn & />-appo9t$ prie/ess at once ( democracy & tradition4 ,! ?+s ,i believ$ mo/ !n1 ! ?+s ,i believe mo/ n[1 are ! ?+s call$ fairy tales4 ,!y seem to me to be ! entirely reasonable ?+s4 ,!y are n fantasies3 comp>$ ) !m o!r ?+s are fanta/ic4 ,comp>$ ) !m religion & rationalism are bo? abnormal1 ?\gh religion is abnormally "r & rationalism abnormally wrong4 ,fairyl& is no?+ b ! sunny c\ntry ( common s5se4 ,x is n e>? t judges heav51 b heav5 t judges e>?2 s = me at lea/ x 0 n e>? t criticis$ elfl&1 b elfl& t criticis$ ! e>?4 ,i knew ! magic bean/alk be=e ,i _h ta/$ beans2 ,i 0 sure ( ! ,man 9 ! ,moon be=e ,i 0 c]ta9 ( ! moon4 ,?is 0 at "o ) all popul> tradition4 ,mod]n m9or poets are naturali/s1 & talk ab\t ! bu% or ! brook2 b ! s+]s ( ! old epics & fables 7 sup]naturali/s1 & talk$ ab\t ! gods ( brook & bu%4 ,t is :at ! mod]ns mean :5 !y say t ! anci5ts did n appreciate ,nature1 because !y said t ,nature 0 div9e4 ,old nurses d n tell *ildr5 ab\t ! grass1 b ab\t ! fairies t dance on ! grass2 & ! old ,greeks c\ld n see ! trees = ! dryads4 ,b ,i deal "h ) :at e?ic & philosophy come f be+ f$ on fairy tales4 ,if ,i 7 describ+ !m 9 detail ,i c\ld note _m noble & heal?y pr9ciples t arise f !m4 ,!re is ! *ivalr\s lesson ( ,jack ! ,giant ,kill]2 t giants %\ld be kill$ because !y are gigantic4 ,x is a manly mut9y aga9/ pride z su*4 ,= ! rebel is old] ?an all ! k+doms1 & ! ,jacob9 has m tradition ?an ! ,jacobite4 ,!re is ! lesson ( ,c9d]ella1 :i* is ! same z t ( ! ,magnificat-- ,,exaltavit ,,humiles4 ,!re is ! great lesson ( ,beauty & ! ,bea/2 t a ?+ mu/ be lov$ ,,be=e x is loveable4 ,!re is ! t]rible allegory ( ! ,sleep+ ,beauty1 :i* tells h[ ! human creature 0 bless$ ) all bir?day gifts1 yet curs$ ) dea?2 & h[ dea? also may p]haps be s(t5$ to a sleep4 ,b ,i am n conc]n$ ) any ( ! sep>ate /atutes ( elfl&1 b ) ! :ole _s ( its law1 :i* ,i le>nt be=e ,i c\ld speak1 & %all reta9 :5 ,i _c write4 ,i am conc]n$ ) a c]ta9 way ( look+ at life1 :i* 0 creat$ 9 me by ! fairy tales1 b has s9ce be5 meekly ratifi$ by ! m]e facts4 ,x might be /at$ ?is way4 ,!re are c]ta9 sequ5ces or developm5ts 7cases ( "o ?+ foll[+ ano!r71 :i* are1 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 reasonable4 ,!y are1 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 necess>y4 ,su* are ma!matical & m]ely logical sequ5ces4 ,we 9 fairyl& 7:o are ! mo/ reasonable ( all creatures7 admit t reason & t necessity4 ,= in/ance1 if ! ,ugly ,si/]s are old] ?an ,c9d]ella1 x is 79 an iron & awful s5se7 ,,necess>y t ,c9d]ella is y\ng] ?an ! ,ugly ,si/]s4 ,!re is no gett+ out ( x4 ,haeckel may talk z mu* fatalism ab\t t fact z he pleases3 x really mu/ be4 ,if ,jack is ! son ( a mill]1 a mill] is ! fa!r ( ,jack4 ,cold reason decrees x f h] awful ?rone3 & we 9 fairyl& submit4 ,if ! ?ree bro!rs all ride horses1 !re are six animals & eighte5 legs involv$3 t is true rationalism1 & fairyl& is full ( x4 ,b z ,i put my head ov] ! h$ge ( ! elves & began to take notice ( ! natural _w1 ,i obs]v$ an extraord9>y ?+4 ,i obs]v$ t le>n$ m5 9 spectacles 7 talk+ ( ! actual ?+s t happ5$-- dawn & dea? & s on--z if ,,!y 7 rational & inevitable4 ,!y talk$ z if ! fact t trees be> fruit 7 j z ,,necess>y z ! fact t two & "o trees make ?ree4 ,b x is n4 ,!re is an enorm\s diff]5ce by ! te/ ( fairyl&2 :i* is ! te/ ( ! imag9ation4 ,y _c ,,imag9e two & "o n mak+ ?ree4 ,b y c easily imag9e trees n gr[+ fruit2 y c imag9e !m gr[+ gold5 c&le/icks or tig]s hang+ on by ! tail4 ,^! m5 9 spectacles spoke mu* ( a man nam$ ,newton1 :o 0 hit by an apple1 & :o discov]$ a law4 ,b !y c\ld n be got to see ! di/9ction betwe5 a true law1 a law ( reason1 & ! m]e fact ( apples fall+4 ,if ! apple hit ,newton's nose1 ,newton's nose hit ! apple4 ,t is a true necessity3 because we _c conceive ! "o occurr+ )\t ! o!r4 ,b we c q well conceive ! apple n fall+ on 8 nose2 we c fancy x fly+ ard5tly ?r\gh ! air to hit "s o!r nose1 ( :i* x _h a m def9ite dislike4 ,we h always 9 our fairy tales kept ?is %>p di/9ction betwe5 ! sci5ce ( m5tal relations1 9 :i* !re really are laws1 & ! sci5ce ( physical facts1 9 :i* !re are no laws1 b only weird repetitions4 ,we believe 9 bodily miracles1 b n 9 m5tal impossibilities4 ,we believe t a ,bean-/alk climb$ up to ,heav52 b t does n at all confuse our convictions on ! philosophical "q ( h[ _m beans make five4 ,"h is ! peculi> p]fection ( tone & tru? 9 ! nurs]y tales4 ,! man ( sci5ce says1 ,cut ! /alk1 & ! apple w fall2 b he says x calmly1 z if ! "o idea really l$ up to ! o!r4 ,! wit* 9 ! fairy tale says1 ,bl[ ! horn1 & ! ogre's ca/le w fall2 b %e does n say x z if x 7 some?+ 9 :i* ! effect obvi\sly arose out ( ! cause4 ,d\btless %e has giv5 ! advice to _m *ampions1 & has se5 _m ca/les fall1 b %e does n lose ei!r h] wond] or h] reason4 ,%e does n muddle h] head until x imag9es a necess>y m5tal connection betwe5 a horn & a fall+ t[]4 ,b ! sci5tific m5 d muddle _! heads1 until !y imag9e a necess>y m5tal connection betwe5 an apple leav+ ! tree & an apple rea*+ ! gr\nd4 ,!y d really talk z if !y _h f\nd n only a set ( m>vell\s facts1 b a tru? connect+ ^? facts4 ,!y d talk z if ! connection ( two /range ?+s physically connect$ !m philosophically4 ,!y feel t because "o incompreh5sible ?+ con/antly foll[s ano!r incompreh5sible ?+ ! two toge!r someh[ make up a compreh5sible ?+4 ,two black riddles make a :ite answ]4 ,9 fairyl& we avoid ! ^w law2 b 9 ! l& ( sci5ce !y are s+ul>ly fond ( x4 ,?us !y w call "s int]e/+ conjecture ab\t h[ =gott5 folks pron\nc$ ! alphabet1 ,grimm's ,law4 ,b ,grimm's ,law is f> less intellectual ?an ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales4 ,! tales are1 at any rate1 c]ta9ly tales2 :ile ! law is n a law4 ,a law implies t we "k ! nature ( ! g5]alisation & enactm5t2 n m]ely t we h notic$ "s ( ! effects4 ,if !re is a law t pick-pockets %all g to prison1 x implies t !re is an imag9able m5tal connection betwe5 ! idea ( prison & ! idea ( pick+ pockets4 ,& we "k :at ! idea is4 ,we c say :y we take lib]ty f a man :o takes lib]ties4 ,b we _c say :y an egg c turn into a *ick5 any m ?an we c say :y a be> c\ld turn into a fairy pr9ce4 ,z ,,ideas1 ! egg & ! *ick5 are fur!r (f f ea* o!r ?an ! be> & ! pr9ce2 = no egg 9 itself sugge/s a *ick51 :]eas "s pr9ces d sugge/ be>s4 ,grant$1 !n1 t c]ta9 trans=mations d happ51 x is ess5tial t we %\ld reg>d !m 9 ! philosophic mann] ( fairy tales1 n 9 ! unphilosophic mann] ( sci5ce & ! ,laws ( ,nature4 ,:5 we are ask$ :y eggs turn to birds or fruits fall 9 autumn1 we mu/ answ] exactly z ! fairy godmo!r w\ld answ] if ,c9d]ella ask$ h] :y mice turn$ to horses or h] clo!s fell f h] at twelve o'clock4 ,we mu/ answ] t x is ,,magic4 ,x is n a law1 = we d n und]/& its g5]al =mula4 ,x is n a necessity1 = ?\gh we c c\nt on x happ5+ practically1 we h no "r to say t x mu/ always happ54 ,x is no argum5t = unalt]able law 7z ,huxley fanci$7 t we c\nt on ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s4 ,we d n c\nt on x2 we bet on x4 ,we risk ! remote possibility ( a miracle z we d t ( a poison$ pancake or a _w-de/roy+ comet4 ,we leave x out ( acc\nt1 n because x is a miracle1 & !re=e an impossibility1 b because x is a miracle1 & !re=e an exception4 ,all ! t]ms us$ 9 ! sci5ce books1 law1 necessity1 ord]1 t5d5cy1 & s on1 are really un9tellectual1 because !y assume an inn] syn!sis1 :i* we d n possess4 ,! only words t ev] satisfi$ me z describ+ ,nature are ! t]ms us$ 9 ! fairy books1 *>m1 spell1 en*antm5t4 ,!y express ! arbitr>9ess ( ! fact & its my/]y4 ,a tree gr[s fruit because x is a ,,magic tree4 ,wat] runs d[nhill because x is bewit*$4 ,! sun %9es because x is bewit*$4 ,i d5y altoge!r t ?is is fanta/ic or ev5 my/ical4 ,we may h "s my/icism lat] on2 b ?is fairy-tale language ab\t ?+s is simply rational & agno/ic4 ,x is ! only way ,i c express 9 words my cle> & def9ite p]ception t "o ?+ is q di/9ct f ano!r2 t !re is no logical connection betwe5 fly+ & lay+ eggs4 ,x is ! man :o talks ab\t a law t he has nev] se5 :o is ! my/ic4 ,nay1 ! ord9>y sci5tific man is /rictly a s5tim5tali/4 ,he is a s5tim5tali/ 9 ?is ess5tial s5se1 t he is soak$ & swept away by m]e associations4 ,he has s (t5 se5 birds fly & lay eggs t he feels z if !re mu/ be "s dreamy1 t5d] connection betwe5 ! two ideas1 :]eas !re is none4 ,a =lorn lov] might be unable to dissociate ! moon f lo/ love2 s ! mat]iali/ is unable to dissociate ! moon f ! tide4 ,9 bo? cases !re is no connection1 except t "o has se5 !m toge!r4 ,a s5tim5tali/ might %$ te>s at ! smell ( apple-blossom1 because1 by a d>k association ( 8 own1 x rem9d$ him ( 8 boyhood4 ,s ! mat]iali/ pr(essor 7?\gh he conceals 8 te>s7 is yet a s5tim5tali/1 because1 by a d>k association ( 8 own1 apple-blossoms rem9d him ( apples4 ,b ! cool rationali/ f fairyl& does n see :y1 9 ! ab/ract1 ! apple tree %\ld n gr[ crimson tulips2 x sometimes does 9 8 c\ntry4 ,?is elem5t>y wond]1 h[ev]1 is n a m]e fancy d]iv$ f ! fairy tales2 on ! contr>y1 all ! fire ( ! fairy tales is d]iv$ f ?is4 ,j z we all l love tales because !re is an in/9ct ( sex1 we all l a/oni%+ tales because !y t\* ! n]ve ( ! anci5t in/9ct ( a/oni%m5t4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t :5 we are v "y *ildr5 we d n ne$ fairy tales3 we only ne$ tales4 ,m]e life is int]e/+ en\gh4 ,a *ild ( sev5 is excit$ by be+ told t ,tommy op5$ a door & saw a dragon4 ,b a *ild ( ?ree is excit$ by be+ told t ,tommy op5$ a door4 ,boys l romantic tales2 b babies l reali/ic tales--because !y f9d !m romantic4 ,9 fact1 a baby is ab\t ! only p]son1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to :om a mod]n reali/ic novel c\ld be read )\t bor+ him4 ,?is proves t ev5 nurs]y tales only e*o an almo/ pre-natal leap ( int]e/ & amazem5t4 ,^! tales say t apples 7 gold5 only to refre% ! =gott5 mom5t :5 we f\nd t !y 7 gre54 ,!y make riv]s run ) w9e only to make u rememb]1 = "o wild mom5t1 t !y run ) wat]4 ,i h said t ?is is :olly reasonable & ev5 agno/ic4 ,&1 inde$1 on ?is po9t ,i am all = ! high] agno/icism2 its bett] "n is ,ignorance4 ,we h all read 9 sci5tific books1 &1 inde$1 9 all romances1 ! /ory ( ! man :o has =gott5 8 "n4 ,?is man walks ab\t ! /reets & c see & appreciate ev]y?+2 only he _c rememb] :o he is4 ,well1 e man is t man 9 ! /ory4 ,e man has =gott5 :o he is4 ,"o may und]/& ! cosmos1 b nev] ! ego2 ! self is m di/ant ?an any />4 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god2 b ?\ %alt n "k ?yself4 ,we are all "u ! same m5tal calamity2 we h all =gott5 our names4 ,we h all =gott5 :at we really are4 ,all t we call common s5se & rationality & practicality & positivism only means t = c]ta9 dead levels ( our life we =get t we h =gott54 ,all t we call _s & art & ec/asy only means t = "o awful in/ant we rememb] t we =get4 ,b ?\gh 7l ! man )\t memory 9 ! novel7 we walk ! /reets ) a sort ( half-witt$ admiration1 /ill x is admiration4 ,x is admiration 9 ,engli% & n only admiration 9 ,lat94 ,! wond] has a positive elem5t ( praise4 ,?is is ! next mile/one to be def9itely m>k$ on our road ?r\gh fairyl&4 ,i %all speak 9 ! next *apt] ab\t optimi/s & pessimi/s 9 _! intellectual aspect1 s f> z !y h "o4 ,"h ,i am only try+ to describe ! enorm\s emotions :i* _c be describ$4 ,& ! /ronge/ emotion 0 t life 0 z preci\s z x 0 puzzl+4 ,x 0 an ec/asy because x 0 an adv5ture2 x 0 an adv5ture because x 0 an opportunity4 ,! goodness ( ! fairy tale 0 n affect$ by ! fact t !re might be m dragons ?an pr9cesses2 x 0 good to be 9 a fairy tale4 ,! te/ ( all happ9ess is gratitude2 & ,i felt grateful1 ?\gh ,i h>dly knew to :om4 ,*ildr5 are grateful :5 ,santa ,claus puts 9 _! /ock+s gifts ( toys or sweets4 ,c\ld ,i n be grateful to ,santa ,claus :5 he put 9 my /ock+s ! gift ( two miracul\s legs8 ,we ?ank p = bir?day pres5ts ( cig>s & slipp]s4 ,c ,i ?ank no "o = ! bir?day pres5t ( bir?8 ,!re 71 !n1 ^! two fir/ feel+s1 indef5sible & indisputable4 ,! _w 0 a %ock1 b x 0 n m]ely %ock+2 exi/5ce 0 a surprise1 b x 0 a pleasant surprise4 ,9 fact1 all my fir/ views 7 exactly utt]$ 9 a riddle t /uck 9 my bra9 f boyhood4 ,! "q 01 ,:at did ! fir/ frog say8 ,& ! answ] 01 ,"l1 h[ y made me jump6 ,t says succ9ctly all t ,i am say+4 ,god made ! frog jump2 b ! frog pref]s jump+4 ,b :5 ^! ?+s are settl$ !re ent]s ! second great pr9ciple ( ! fairy philosophy4 ,any "o c see x :o w simply read ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales or ! f9e collections ( ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang4 ,= ! pleasure ( p$antry ,i w call x ! ,doctr9e ( ,conditional ,joy4 ,t\*/one talk$ ( mu* virtue 9 an if2 accord+ to elf9 e?ics all virtue is 9 an if4 ,! note ( ! fairy utt]ance always is1 ,y may live 9 a palace ( gold & sapphire1 if y d n say ! ^w c['2 or ,y may live happily ) ! ,k+'s daught]1 if y d n %[ h] an onion4 ,! vision always hangs ^u a veto4 ,all ! dizzy & colossal ?+s conc$$ dep5d ^u "o small ?+ )held4 ,all ! wild & :irl+ ?+s t are let loose dep5d ^u "o ?+ t is =bidd54 ,mr4 ,w4,b4,yeats1 9 8 exquisite & pi]c+ elf9 poetry1 describes ! elves z lawless2 !y plunge 9 innoc5t an>*y on ! unbridl$ horses ( ! air-- ,ride on ! cre/ ( ! di%evell$ tide1 ,& dance ^u ! m\nta9s l a flame4 ,x is a dreadful ?+ to say t ,mr4 ,w4,b4,yeats does n und]/& fairyl&4 ,b ,i d say x4 ,he is an ironical ,iri%man1 full ( intellectual reactions4 ,he is n /upid en\gh to und]/& fairyl&4 ,fairies pref] p ( ! yokel type l myself2 p :o gape & gr9 & d z !y are told4 ,mr4 ,yeats reads into elfl& all ! righte\s insurrection ( 8 own race4 ,b ! lawlessness ( ,irel& is a ,*ri/ian lawlessness1 f\nd$ on reason & ju/ice4 ,! ,f5ian is rebell+ aga9/ some?+ he und]/&s only too well2 b ! true citiz5 ( fairyl& is obey+ some?+ t he does n und]/& at all4 ,9 ! fairy tale an incompreh5sible happ9ess re/s ^u an incompreh5sible condition4 ,a box is op5$1 & all evils fly out4 ,a ^w is =gott51 & cities p]i%4 ,a lamp is lit1 & love flies away4 ,a fl[] is pluck$1 & human lives are =feit$4 ,an apple is eat51 & ! hope ( ,god is gone4 ,?is is ! tone ( fairy tales1 & x is c]ta9ly n lawlessness or ev5 lib]ty1 ?\gh m5 "u a mean mod]n tyranny may ?9k x lib]ty by comp>ison4 ,p out ( ,portl& ,gaol might ?9k ,fleet ,/reet free2 b clos] /udy w prove t bo? fairies & j\rnali/s are ! slaves ( duty4 ,fairy godmo!rs seem at lea/ z /rict z o!r godmo!rs4 ,c9d]ella receiv$ a coa* out ( ,wond]l& & a coa*man out ( n[h]e1 b %e receiv$ a comm&--:i* might h come out ( ,brixton--t %e %\ld be back by twelve4 ,also1 %e _h a glass slipp]2 & x _c be a co9cid5ce t glass is s common a sub/ance 9 folk-lore4 ,?is pr9cess lives 9 a glass ca/le1 t pr9cess on a glass hill2 ?is "o sees all ?+s 9 a mirror2 !y may all live 9 glass h\ses if !y w n ?r[ /ones4 ,= ?is ?9 glitt] ( glass ev]y:]e is ! expression ( ! fact t ! happ9ess is bright b brittle1 l ! sub/ance mo/ easily sma%$ by a h\semaid or a cat4 ,& ?is fairy-tale s5tim5t also sank into me & became my s5tim5t t[>ds ! :ole _w4 ,i felt & feel t life itself is z bright z ! diamond1 b z brittle z ! w9d[-pane2 & :5 ! heav5s 7 comp>$ to ! t]rible cry/al ,i c rememb] a %udd]4 ,i 0 afraid t ,god w\ld drop ! cosmos ) a cra%4 ,rememb]1 h[ev]1 t to be breakable is n ! same z to be p]i%able4 ,/rike a glass1 & x w n endure an in/ant2 simply d n /rike x1 & x w endure a ?\s& ye>s4 ,su*1 x seem$1 0 ! joy ( man1 ei!r 9 elfl& or on e>?2 ! happ9ess dep5d$ on ,,n ,,do+ ,,some?+ :i* y c\ld at any mom5t d & :i*1 v (t51 x 0 n obvi\s :y y %\ld n d4 ,n[1 ! po9t "h is t to ,,me ?is did n seem unju/4 ,if ! mill]'s ?ird son said to ! fairy1 ,expla9 :y ,i mu/ n /& on my head 9 ! fairy palace1 ! o!r might fairly reply1 ,well1 if x comes to t1 expla9 ! fairy palace4 ,if ,c9d]ella says1 ,h[ is x t ,i mu/ leave ! ball at twelve8 h] godmo!r might answ]1 ,h[ is x t y are go+ !re till twelve8 ,if ,i leave a man 9 my w t5 talk+ elephants & a hundr$ w+$ horses1 he _c compla9 if ! conditions p>take ( ! slight ecc5tricity ( ! gift4 ,he mu/ n look a w+$ horse 9 ! m\?4 ,& x seem$ to me t exi/5ce 0 itself s v ecc5tric a legacy t ,i c\ld n compla9 ( n und]/&+ ! limitations ( ! vision :5 ,i did n und]/& ! vision !y limit$4 ,! frame 0 no /rang] ?an ! picture4 ,! veto might well be z wild z ! vision2 x might be z />tl+ z ! sun1 z elusive z ! wat]s1 z fanta/ic & t]rible z ! t[]+ trees4 ,= ?is reason 7we may call x ! fairy godmo!r philosophy7 ,i nev] c\ld jo9 ! "y m5 ( my "t 9 feel+ :at !y call$ ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ,,revolt4 ,i %\ld h resi/$1 let u hope1 any rules t 7 evil1 & ) ^! & _! def9ition ,i %all deal 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,b ,i did n feel dispos$ to resi/ any rule m]ely because x 0 my/]i\s4 ,e/ates are sometimes held by fooli% =ms1 ! break+ ( a /ick or ! paym5t ( a pepp]corn3 ,i 0 will+ to hold ! huge e/ate ( e>? & heav5 by any su* feudal fantasy4 ,x c\ld n well be wild] ?an ! fact t ,i 0 all[$ to hold x at all4 ,at ?is /age ,i give only "o e?ical in/ance to %[ my mean+4 ,i c\ld nev] mix 9 ! common murmur ( t ris+ g5]ation aga9/ monogamy1 because no re/riction on sex seem$ s odd & unexpect$ z sex itself4 ,to be all[$1 l ,endymion1 to make love to ! moon & !n to compla9 t ,jupit] kept 8 own moons 9 a h>em seem$ to me 7br$ on fairy tales l ,endymion's7 a vulg> anti-climax4 ,keep+ to "o woman is a small price = s mu* z see+ "o woman4 ,to compla9 t ,i c\ld only be m>ri$ once 0 l compla9+ t ,i _h only be5 born once4 ,x 0 incomm5surate ) ! t]rible excitem5t ( :i* "o 0 talk+4 ,x %[$1 n an exagg]at$ s5sibility to sex1 b a curi\s ins5sibility to x4 ,a man is a fool :o compla9s t he _c ent] ,ed5 by five gates at once4 ,polygamy is a lack ( ! realization ( sex2 x is l a man pluck+ five pe>s 9 m]e abs5ce ( m9d4 ,! ae/hetes t\*$ ! la/ insane limits ( language 9 _! eulogy on lovely ?+s4 ,! ?i/l$[n made !m weep2 a burni%$ beetle br\ght !m to _! knees4 ,yet _! emotion nev] impress$ me = an in/ant1 = ?is reason1 t x nev] occurr$ to !m to pay = _! pleasure 9 any sort ( symbolic sacrifice4 ,m5 7,i felt7 might fa/ =ty days = ! sake ( he>+ a blackbird s+4 ,m5 might g ?r\gh fire to f9d a c[slip4 ,yet ^! lov]s ( beauty c\ld n ev5 keep sob] = ! blackbird4 ,!y w\ld n g ?r\gh common ,*ri/ian m>riage by way ( recomp5se to ! c[slip4 ,surely "o might pay = extraord9>y joy 9 ord9>y morals4 ,osc> ,wilde said t sunsets 7 n valu$ because we c\ld n pay = sunsets4 ,b ,osc> ,wilde 0 wrong2 we c pay = sunsets4 ,we c pay = !m by n be+ ,osc> ,wilde4 ,well1 ,i left ! fairy tales ly+ on ! floor ( ! nurs]y1 & ,i h n f\nd any books s s5sible s9ce4 ,i left ! nurse gu>dian ( tradition & democracy1 & ,i h n f\nd any mod]n type s sanely radical or s sanely cons]vative4 ,b ! matt] = important comm5t 0 "h3 t :5 ,i fir/ w5t out into ! m5tal atmosph]e ( ! mod]n _w1 ,i f\nd t ! mod]n _w 0 positively oppos$ on two po9ts to my nurse & to ! nurs]y tales4 ,x has tak5 me a long "t to f9d out t ! mod]n _w is wrong & my nurse 0 "r4 ,! really curi\s ?+ 0 ?is3 t mod]n ?\ght contradict$ ?is basic cre$ ( my boyhood on its two mo/ ess5tial doctr9es4 ,i h expla9$ t ! fairy tales f\nd$ 9 me two convictions2 fir/1 t ?is _w is a wild & />tl+ place1 :i* might h be5 q diff]5t1 b :i* is q delightful2 second1 t be=e ?is wildness & delight "o may well be mode/ & submit to ! que]e/ limitations ( s que] a k9dness4 ,b ,i f\nd ! :ole mod]n _w runn+ l a high tide aga9/ bo? my t5d]nesses2 & ! %ock ( t collision creat$ two sudd5 & spontane\s s5tim5ts1 :i* ,i h _h ev] s9ce & :i*1 crude z !y 71 h s9ce h>d5$ into convictions4 ,fir/1 ,i f\nd ! :ole mod]n _w talk+ sci5tific fatalism2 say+ t ev]y?+ is z x mu/ always h be51 be+ unfold$ )\t fault f ! beg9n+4 ,! leaf on ! tree is gre5 because x c\ld nev] h be5 any?+ else4 ,n[1 ! fairy-tale philosoph] is glad t ! leaf is gre5 precisely because x might h be5 sc>let4 ,he feels z if x _h turn$ gre5 an in/ant be=e he look$ at x4 ,he is pleas$ t sn[ is :ite on ! /rictly reasonable gr\nd t x might h be5 black4 ,e col\r has 9 x a bold quality z ( *oice2 ! r$ ( g>d5 roses is n only decisive b dramatic1 l sudd5ly spilt blood4 ,he feels t some?+ has be5 ,,done4 ,b ! great det]m9i/s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 /rongly aga9/ ?is native feel+ t some?+ _h happ5$ an in/ant be=e4 ,9 fact1 accord+ to !m1 no?+ ev] really _h happ5$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,no?+ ev] _h happ5$ s9ce exi/5ce _h happ5$2 & ev5 ab\t ! date ( t !y 7 n v sure4 ,! mod]n _w z ,i f\nd x 0 solid = mod]n ,calv9ism1 = ! necessity ( ?+s be+ z !y are4 ,b :5 ,i came to ask !m ,i f\nd !y _h really no pro( ( ?is unavoidable repetition 9 ?+s except ! fact t ! ?+s 7 repeat$4 ,n[1 ! m]e repetition made ! ?+s to me r m weird ?an m rational4 ,x 0 z if1 hav+ se5 a curi\sly %ap$ nose 9 ! /reet & dismiss$ x z an accid5t1 ,i _h !n se5 six o!r noses ( ! same a/oni%+ %ape4 ,i %\ld h fanci$ = a mom5t t x mu/ be "s local secret society4 ,s "o elephant hav+ a trunk 0 odd2 b all elephants hav+ trunks look$ l a plot4 ,i speak "h only ( an emotion1 & ( an emotion at once /ubborn & subtle4 ,b ! repetition 9 ,nature seem$ sometimes to be an excit$ repetition1 l t ( an angry s*oolma/] say+ ! same ?+ ov] & ov] aga94 ,! grass seem$ signall+ to me ) all its f+]s at once2 ! cr[d$ />s seem$ b5t ^u be+ und]/ood4 ,! sun w\ld make me see him if he rose a ?\s& times4 ,! recurr5ces ( ! univ]se rose to ! madd5+ rhy?m ( an incantation1 & ,i began to see an idea4 ,all ! t[]+ mat]ialism :i* dom9ates ! mod]n m9d re/s ultimately ^u "o assumption2 a false assumption4 ,x is suppos$ t if a ?+ goes on repeat+ itself x is probably dead2 a piece ( clockwork4 ,p feel t if ! univ]se 0 p]sonal x w\ld v>y2 if ! sun 7 alive x w\ld dance4 ,?is is a fallacy ev5 9 relation to kn[n fact4 ,= ! v>iation 9 human affairs is g5]ally br\ght into !m1 n by life1 b by dea?2 by ! dy+ d[n or break+ (f ( _! /r5g? or desire4 ,a man v>ies 8 movem5ts because ( "s slight elem5t ( failure or fatigue4 ,he gets into an omnibus because he is tir$ ( walk+2 or he walks because he is tir$ ( sitt+ /ill4 ,b if 8 life & joy 7 s gigantic t he nev] tir$ ( go+ to ,isl+ton1 he might g to ,isl+ton z regul>ly z ! ,?ames goes to ,%e]ness4 ,! v spe$ & ec/asy ( 8 life w\ld h ! /illness ( dea?4 ,! sun rises e morn+4 ,i d n rise e morn+2 b ! v>iation is due n to my activity1 b to my inaction4 ,n[1 to put ! matt] 9 a popul> phrase1 x might be true t ! sun rises regul>ly because he nev] gets tir$ ( ris+4 ,8 r\t9e might be due1 n to a lifelessness1 b to a ru% ( life4 ,! ?+ ,i mean c be se51 = in/ance1 9 *ildr51 :5 !y f9d "s game or joke t !y specially enjoy4 ,a *ild kicks 8 legs rhy?mically ?r\gh excess1 n abs5ce1 ( life4 ,because *ildr5 h ab\nd+ vitality1 because !y are 9 _s fi]ce & free1 !re=e !y want ?+s repeat$ & un*ang$4 ,!y always say1 ,d x aga92 & ! gr[n-up p]son does x aga9 until he is ne>ly dead4 ,= gr[n-up p are n /rong en\gh to exult 9 monotony4 ,b p]haps ,god is /rong en\gh to exult 9 monotony4 ,x is possible t ,god says e morn+1 ,d x aga9 to ! sun2 & e ev5+1 ,d x aga9 to ! moon4 ,x may n be automatic necessity t makes all daisies alike2 x may be t ,god makes e daisy sep>ately1 b has nev] got tir$ ( mak+ !m4 ,x may be t ,he has ! et]nal appetite ( infancy2 = we h s9n$ & gr[n old1 & our ,fa!r is y\ng] ?an we4 ,! repetition 9 ,nature may n be a m]e recurr5ce2 x may be a !atrical ,,encore4 ,heav5 may ,,encore ! bird :o laid an egg4 ,if ! human be+ conceives & br+s =? a human *ild in/ead ( br++ =? a fi%1 or a bat1 or a griff91 ! reason may n be t we are fix$ 9 an animal fate )\t life or purpose4 ,x may be t our little trag$y has t\*$ ! gods1 t !y admire x f _! />ry gall]ies1 & t at ! end ( e human drama man is call$ aga9 & aga9 be=e ! curta94 ,repetition may g on = millions ( ye>s1 by m]e *oice1 & at any in/ant x may /op4 ,man may /& on ! e>? g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 & yet ea* bir? be 8 positively la/ appe>ance4 ,?is 0 my fir/ conviction2 made by ! %ock ( my *ildi% emotions meet+ ! mod]n cre$ 9 mid-c>e]4 ,i _h always vaguely felt facts to be miracles 9 ! s5se t !y are wond]ful3 n[ ,i began to ?9k !m miracles 9 ! /rict] s5se t !y 7 ,,wilful4 ,i mean t !y 71 or might be1 repeat$ ex]cises ( "s w4 ,9 %ort1 ,i _h always believ$ t ! _w involv$ magic3 n[ ,i ?\ght t p]haps x involv$ a magician4 ,& ?is po9t$ a pr(\nd emotion always pres5t & sub-consci\s2 t ?is _w ( ours has "s purpose2 & if !re is a purpose1 !re is a p]son4 ,i _h always felt life fir/ z a /ory3 & if !re is a /ory !re is a /ory-tell]4 ,b mod]n ?\ght also hit my second human tradition4 ,x w5t aga9/ ! fairy feel+ ab\t /rict limits & conditions4 ,! "o ?+ x lov$ to talk ab\t 0 expansion & l>g5ess4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] w\ld h be5 greatly annoy$ if any "o _h call$ him an imp]iali/1 & !re=e x is highly regrettable t nobody did4 ,b he 0 an imp]iali/ ( ! l[e/ type4 ,he popul>iz$ ?is contemptible notion t ! size ( ! sol> sy/em ought to ov]-awe ! spiritual dogma ( man4 ,:y %\ld a man surr5d] 8 dignity to ! sol> sy/em any m ?an to a :ale8 ,if m]e size proves t man is n ! image ( ,god1 !n a :ale may be ! image ( ,god2 a some:at =mless image2 :at "o might call an impressioni/ portrait4 ,x is q futile to argue t man is small comp>$ to ! cosmos2 = man 0 always small comp>$ to ! ne>e/ tree4 ,b ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8 headlong imp]ialism1 w\ld insi/ t we _h 9 "s way be5 conqu]$ & annex$ by ! a/ronomical univ]se4 ,he spoke ab\t m5 & _! ideals exactly z ! mo/ insol5t ,unioni/ talks ab\t ! ,iri% & _! ideals4 ,he turn$ mank9d into a small nationality4 ,& 8 evil influ5ce c be se5 ev5 9 ! mo/ spirit$ & hon\rable ( lat] sci5tific au?ors2 notably 9 ! e>ly romances ( ,mr4 ,h4,g4,wells4 ,_m morali/s h 9 an exagg]at$ way repres5t$ ! e>? z wick$4 ,b ,mr4 ,wells & 8 s*ool made ! heav5s wick$4 ,we %\ld lift up our eyes to ! />s f :5ce w\ld come our ru94 ,b ! expansion ( :i* ,i speak 0 mu* m evil ?an all ?is4 ,i h rem>k$ t ! mat]iali/1 l ! madman1 is 9 prison2 9 ! prison ( "o ?\ght4 ,^! p seem$ to ?9k x s+ul>ly inspir+ to keep on say+ t ! prison 0 v l>ge4 ,! size ( ?is sci5tific univ]se gave "o no novelty1 no relief4 ,! cosmos w5t on = ev]1 b n 9 its wilde/ con/ellation c\ld !re be any?+ really int]e/+2 any?+1 = in/ance1 su* z =giv5ess or free w4 ,! gr&eur or inf9ity ( ! secret ( its cosmos add$ no?+ to x4 ,x 0 l tell+ a prison] 9 ,read+ gaol t he w\ld be glad to he> t ! gaol n[ cov]$ half ! c\nty4 ,! w>d] w\ld h no?+ to %[ ! man except m & m long corridors ( /one lit by gha/ly lights & empty ( all t is human4 ,s ^! exp&]s ( ! univ]se _h no?+ to %[ u except m & m inf9ite corridors ( space lit by gha/ly suns & empty ( all t is div9e4 ,9 fairyl& !re _h be5 a real law2 a law t c\ld be brok51 = ! def9ition ( a law is some?+ t c be brok54 ,b ! ma*9]y ( ?is cosmic prison 0 some?+ t c\ld n be brok52 = we ourselves 7 only a "p ( its ma*9]y4 ,we 7 ei!r unable to d ?+s or we 7 de/9$ to d !m4 ,! idea ( ! my/ical condition q disappe>$2 "o c nei!r h ! firmness ( keep+ laws nor ! fun ( break+ !m4 ,! l>g5ess ( ?is univ]se _h no?+ ( t fre%ness & airy outbreak :i* we h prais$ 9 ! univ]se ( ! poet4 ,?is mod]n univ]se is lit]ally an empire2 t is1 x 0 va/1 b x is n free4 ,"o w5t into l>g] & l>g] w9d[less rooms1 rooms big ) ,babylonian p]spective2 b "o nev] f\nd ! smalle/ w9d[ or a :isp] ( out] air4 ,_! inf]nal p>allels seem$ to exp& ) di/ance2 b = me all good ?+s come to a po9t1 swords = in/ance4 ,s f9d+ ! boa/ ( ! big cosmos s unsatisfactory to my emotions ,i began to argue ab\t x a little2 & ,i soon f\nd t ! :ole attitude 0 ev5 %all[] ?an c\ld h be5 expect$4 ,accord+ to ^! p ! cosmos 0 "o ?+ s9ce x _h "o unbrok5 rule4 ,only 7!y w\ld say7 :ile x is "o ?+1 x is also ! only ?+ !re is4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld "o worry p>ticul>ly to call x l>ge8 ,!re is no?+ to comp>e x )4 ,x w\ld be j z s5sible to call x small4 ,a man may say1 ,i l ?is va/ cosmos1 ) its ?rong ( />s & its cr[d ( v>i$ creatures4 ,b if x comes to t :y %\ld n a man say1 ,i l ?is cosy little cosmos1 ) its dec5t numb] ( />s & z neat a provision ( live /ock z ,i wi% to see8 ,"o is z good z ! o!r2 !y are bo? m]e s5tim5ts4 ,x is m]e s5tim5t to rejoice t ! sun is l>g] ?an ! e>?2 x is q z sane a s5tim5t to rejoice t ! sun is no l>g] ?an x is4 ,a man *ooses to h an emotion ab\t ! l>g5ess ( ! _w2 :y %\ld he n *oose to h an emotion ab\t its smallness8 ,x happ5$ t ,i _h t emotion4 ,:5 "o is fond ( any?+ "o addresses x by dim9utives1 ev5 if x is an elephant or a life-gu>dsman4 ,! reason is1 t any?+1 h[ev] huge1 t c be conceiv$ ( z complete1 c be conceiv$ ( z small4 ,if milit>y m\/a*es did n sugge/ a sword or tusks a tail1 !n ! object w\ld be va/ because x w\ld be immeasurable4 ,b ! mom5t y c imag9e a gu>dsman y c imag9e a small gu>dsman4 ,! mom5t y really see an elephant y c call x ,t9y4 ,if y c make a /atue ( a ?+ y c make a /atuette ( x4 ,^! p pr(ess$ t ! univ]se 0 "o coh]5t ?+2 b !y 7 n fond ( ! univ]se4 ,b ,i 0 frightfully fond ( ! univ]se & want$ to address x by a dim9utive4 ,i (t5 did s2 & x nev] seem$ to m9d4 ,actually & 9 tru? ,i did feel t ^! dim dogmas ( vitality 7 bett] express$ by call+ ! _w small ?an by call+ x l>ge4 ,= ab\t inf9ity !re 0 a sort ( c>elessness :i* 0 ! rev]se ( ! fi]ce & pi\s c>e :i* ,i felt t\*+ ! pricelessness & ! p]il ( life4 ,!y %[$ only a dre>y wa/e2 b ,i felt a sort ( sacr$ ?rift4 ,= economy is f> m romantic ?an extravagance4 ,to !m />s 7 an un5d+ income ( halfp5ce2 b ,i felt ab\t ! gold5 sun & ! silv] moon z a s*oolboy feels if he has "o sov]eign & "o %ill+4 ,^! subconsci\s convictions are be/ hit (f by ! col\r & tone ( c]ta9 tales4 ,?us ,i h said t /ories ( magic alone c express my s5se t life is n only a pleasure b a k9d ( ecc5tric privilege4 ,i may express ?is o!r feel+ ( cosmic cos9ess by allusion to ano!r book always read 9 boyhood1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 :i* ,i read ab\t ?is "t1 & :i* owes its et]nal vivacity to ! fact t x celebrates ! poetry ( limits1 nay1 ev5 ! wild romance ( prud5ce4 ,crusoe is a man on a small rock ) a few com=ts j snat*$ f ! sea3 ! be/ ?+ 9 ! book is simply ! li/ ( ?+s sav$ f ! wreck4 ,! greate/ ( poems is an inv5tory4 ,e kit*5 tool becomes ideal because ,crusoe might h dropp$ x 9 ! sea4 ,x is a good ex]cise1 9 empty or ugly h\rs ( ! day1 to look at any?+1 ! coal-scuttle or ! book-case1 & ?9k h[ happy "o c\ld be to h br\ght x out ( ! s9k+ %ip on to ! solit>y isl&4 ,b x is a bett] ex]cise /ill to rememb] h[ all ?+s h _h ?is hair-bread? escape3 ev]y?+ has be5 sav$ f a wreck4 ,e man has _h "o horrible adv5ture3 z a hidd5 untimely bir? he _h n be51 z infants t nev] see ! light4 ,m5 spoke mu* 9 my boyhood ( re/rict$ or ru9$ m5 ( g5ius3 & x 0 common to say t _m a man 0 a ,great ,might-,h-,be54 ,to me x is a m solid & />tl+ fact t any man 9 ! /reet is a ,great ,might-,n-,h-,be54 ,b ,i really felt 7! fancy may seem fooli%7 z if all ! ord] & numb] ( ?+s 7 ! romantic remnant ( ,crusoe's %ip4 ,t !re are two sexes & "o sun1 0 l ! fact t !re 7 two guns & "o axe4 ,x 0 poignantly urg5t t none %\ld be lo/2 b someh[1 x 0 r fun t none c\ld be add$4 ,! trees & ! planets seem$ l ?+s sav$ f ! wreck3 & :5 ,i saw ! ,matt]horn ,i 0 glad t x _h n be5 ov]look$ 9 ! confusion4 ,i felt economical ab\t ! />s z if !y 7 sapphires 7!y are call$ s 9 ,milton's ,ed573 ,i ho>d$ ! hills4 ,= ! univ]se is a s+le jewel1 & :ile x is a natural cant to talk ( a jewel z pe]less & priceless1 ( ?is jewel x is lit]ally true4 ,?is cosmos is inde$ )\t pe] & )\t price3 = !re _c be ano!r "o4 ,?us ends1 9 unavoidable inadequacy1 ! attempt to utt] ! unutt]able ?+s4 ,^! are my ultimate attitudes t[>ds life2 ! soils = ! se$s ( doctr9e4 ,^! 9 "s d>k way ,i ?\ght be=e ,i c\ld write1 & felt be=e ,i c\ld ?9k3 t we may proce$ m easily aft]w>ds1 ,i w r\ghly recapitulate !m n[4 ,i felt 9 my bones2 fir/1 t ?is _w does n expla9 itself4 ,x may be a miracle ) a sup]natural explanation2 x may be a conjur+ trick1 ) a natural explanation4 ,b ! explanation ( ! conjur+ trick1 if x is to satisfy me1 w h to be bett] ?an ! natural explanations ,i h he>d4 ,! ?+ is magic1 true or false4 ,second1 ,i came to feel z if magic mu/ h a mean+1 & mean+ mu/ h "s "o to mean x4 ,!re 0 some?+ p]sonal 9 ! _w1 z 9 a "w ( art2 :atev] x meant x meant viol5tly4 ,?ird1 ,i ?\ght ?is purpose beautiful 9 its old design1 9 spite ( its defects1 su* z dragons4 ,f\r?1 t ! prop] =m ( ?anks to x is "s =m ( humility & re/ra9t3 we %\ld ?ank ,god = be] & ,burgundy by n dr9k+ too mu* ( !m4 ,we ow$1 also1 an ob$i5ce to :atev] made u4 ,& la/1 & /range/1 !re _h come into my m9d a vague & va/ impression t 9 "s way all good 0 a remnant to be /or$ & held sacr$ out ( "s primordial ru94 ,man _h sav$ 8 good z ,crusoe sav$ 8 goods3 he _h sav$ !m f a wreck4 ,all ?is ,i felt & ! age gave me no enc\ragem5t to feel x4 ,& all ?is "t ,i _h n ev5 ?\ght ( ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,v ,,! ,,flag ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,:5 ,i 0 a boy !re 7 two curi\s m5 runn+ ab\t :o 7 call$ ! optimi/ & ! pessimi/4 ,i con/antly us$ ! words myself1 b ,i *e]fully confess t ,i nev] _h any v special idea ( :at !y meant4 ,! only ?+ :i* might be consid]$ evid5t 0 t !y c\ld n mean :at !y said2 = ! ord9>y v]bal explanation 0 t ! optimi/ ?\ght ?is _w z good z x c\ld be1 :ile ! pessimi/ ?\ght x z bad z x c\ld be4 ,bo? ^! /atem5ts be+ obvi\sly rav+ nons5se1 "o _h to ca/ ab\t = o!r explanations4 ,an optimi/ c\ld n mean a man :o ?\ght ev]y?+ "r & no?+ wrong4 ,= t is mean+less2 x is l call+ ev]y?+ "r & no?+ left4 ,^u ! :ole1 ,i came to ! conclusion t ! optimi/ ?\ght ev]y?+ good except ! pessimi/1 & t ! pessimi/ ?\ght ev]y?+ bad1 except himself4 ,x w\ld be unfair to omit altoge!r f ! li/ ! my/]i\s b sugge/ive def9ition said to h be5 giv5 by a little girl1 ,an optimi/ is a man :o looks aft] y\r eyes1 & a pessimi/ is a man :o looks aft] y\r feet4 ,i am n sure t ?is is n ! be/ def9ition ( all4 ,!re is ev5 a sort ( allegorical tru? 9 x4 ,= !re might1 p]haps1 be a pr(itable di/9ction drawn betwe5 t m dre>y ?9k] :o ?9ks m]ely ( our contact ) ! e>? f mom5t to mom5t1 & t happi] ?9k] :o consid]s r our prim>y p[] ( vision & ( *oice ( road4 ,b ?is is a deep mi/ake 9 ?is alt]native ( ! optimi/ & ! pessimi/4 ,! assumption ( x is t a man criticises ?is _w z if he 7 h\se-hunt+1 z if he 7 be+ %[n ov] a new suite ( ap>tm5ts4 ,if a man came to ?is _w f "s o!r _w 9 full possession ( 8 p[]s he might discuss :e!r ! advantage ( midsumm] woods made up = ! disadvantage ( mad dogs1 j z a man look+ = lodg+s might balance ! pres5ce ( a telephone aga9/ ! abs5ce ( a sea view4 ,b no man is 9 t position4 ,a man belongs to ?is _w be=e he beg9s to ask if x is nice to belong to x4 ,he has f\ght = ! flag1 & (t5 won h]oic victories = ! flag long be=e he has ev] enli/$4 ,to put %ortly :at seems ! ess5tial matt]1 he has a loyalty long be=e he has any admiration4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] x has be5 said t ! prim>y feel+ t ?is _w is /range & yet attractive is be/ express$ 9 fairy tales4 ,! read] may1 if he likes1 put d[n ! next /age to t bellicose & ev5 j+o lit]ature :i* commonly comes next 9 ! hi/ory ( a boy4 ,we all owe mu* s\nd morality to ! p5ny dreadfuls4 ,:atev] ! reason1 x seem$ & /ill seems to me t our attitude t[>ds life c be bett] express$ 9 t]ms ( a k9d ( milit>y loyalty ?an 9 t]ms ( criticism & approval4 ,my acceptance ( ! univ]se is n optimism1 x is m l patriotism4 ,x is a matt] ( prim>y loyalty4 ,! _w is n a lodg+-h\se at ,brighton1 :i* we are to leave because x is mis]able4 ,x is ! =tress ( our family1 ) ! flag fly+ on ! turret1 & ! m mis]able x is ! less we %\ld leave x4 ,! po9t is n t ?is _w is too sad to love or too glad n to love2 ! po9t is t :5 y d love a ?+1 its gladness is a reason = lov+ x1 & its sadness a reason = lov+ x m4 ,all optimi/ic ?\ghts ab\t ,engl& & all pessimi/ic ?\ghts ab\t h] are alike reasons = ! ,engli% patriot4 ,simil>ly1 optimism & pessimism are alike argum5ts = ! cosmic patriot4 ,let u suppose we are confront$ ) a desp]ate ?+--say ,pimlico4 ,if we ?9k :at is really be/ = ,pimlico we %all f9d ! ?read ( ?\ght leads to ! ?rone or ! my/ic & ! arbitr>y4 ,x is n en\gh = a man to disapprove ( ,pimlico3 9 t case he w m]ely cut 8 ?roat or move to ,*elsea4 ,nor1 c]ta9ly1 is x en\gh = a man to approve ( ,pimlico3 = !n x w rema9 ,pimlico1 :i* w\ld be awful4 ,! only way out ( x seems to be = somebody to love ,pimlico3 to love x ) a transc5d5tal tie & )\t any e>?ly reason4 ,if !re arose a man :o lov$ ,pimlico1 !n ,pimlico w\ld rise into ivory t[]s & gold5 p9nacles2 ,pimlico w\ld attire h]self z a woman does :5 %e is lov$4 ,= decoration is n giv5 to hide horrible ?+s3 b to decorate ?+s already adorable4 ,a "m does n give h] *ild a blue b[ because he is s ugly )\t x4 ,a lov] does n give a girl a necklace to hide h] neck4 ,if m5 lov$ ,pimlico z mo!rs love *ildr51 arbitr>ily1 because x is ,,!irs1 ,pimlico 9 a ye> or two might be fair] ?an ,flor5ce4 ,"s read]s w say t ?is is a m]e fantasy4 ,i answ] t ?is is ! actual hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,?is1 z a fact1 is h[ cities did gr[ great4 ,g back to ! d>ke/ roots ( civilization & y w f9d !m knott$ r\nd "s sacr$ /one or encircl+ "s sacr$ well4 ,p fir/ paid hon\r to a spot & aft]w>ds ga9$ glory = x4 ,m5 did n love ,rome because %e 0 great4 ,%e 0 great because !y _h lov$ h]4 ,! eighte5?-c5tury !ories ( ! social contract h be5 expos$ to mu* clumsy criticism 9 our "t2 9 s f> z !y meant t !re is at ! back ( all hi/oric gov]nm5t an idea ( cont5t & co-op]ation1 !y 7 demon/rably "r4 ,b !y really 7 wrong1 9 s f> z !y sugge/$ t m5 _h ev] aim$ at ord] or e?ics directly by a consci\s ex*ange ( int]e/s4 ,morality did n beg9 by "o man say+ to ano!r1 ,i w n hit y if y d n hit me2 !re is no trace ( su* a transaction4 ,!re ,,is a trace ( bo? m5 hav+ said1 ,we mu/ n hit ea* o!r 9 ! holy place4 ,!y ga9$ _! morality by gu>d+ _! religion4 ,!y did n cultivate c\rage4 ,!y f\ght = ! %r9e1 & f\nd !y _h become c\rage\s4 ,!y did n cultivate cleanl9ess4 ,!y purifi$ !mselves = ! alt>1 & f\nd t !y 7 clean4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,jews is ! only e>ly docum5t kn[n to mo/ ,engli%m51 & ! facts c be judg$ suffici5tly f t4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts :i* h be5 f\nd sub/antially common to mank9d 7 m]ely milit>y comm&s2 a code ( regim5tal ord]s1 issu$ to protect a c]ta9 ark across a c]ta9 des]t4 ,an>*y 0 evil because x endang]$ ! sanctity4 ,& only :5 !y made a holy day = ,god did !y f9d !y _h made a holiday = m54 ,if x be grant$ t ?is prim>y devotion to a place or ?+ is a s\rce ( creative en]gy1 we c pass on to a v peculi> fact4 ,let u reit]ate = an in/ant t ! only "r optimism is a sort ( univ]sal patriotism4 ,:at is ! matt] ) ! pessimi/8 ,i ?9k x c be /at$ by say+ t he is ! cosmic anti-patriot4 ,& :at is ! matt] ) ! anti-patriot8 ,i ?9k x c be /at$1 )\t undue bitt]ness1 by say+ t he is ! c&id fri5d4 ,& :at is ! matt] ) ! c&id fri5d8 ,!re we /rike ! rock ( real life & immutable human nature4 ,i v5ture to say t :at is bad 9 ! c&id fri5d is simply t he is n c&id4 ,he is keep+ some?+ back-- 8 own gloomy pleasure 9 say+ unpleasant ?+s4 ,he has a secret desire to hurt1 n m]ely to help4 ,?is is c]ta9ly1 ,i ?9k1 :at makes a c]ta9 sort ( anti-patriot irritat+ to heal?y citiz5s4 ,i d n speak 7( c\rse7 ( ! anti-patriotism :i* only irritates fev]i% /ockbrok]s & gu%+ actresses2 t is only patriotism speak+ pla9ly4 ,a man :o says t no patriot %\ld attack ! ,bo] ,w> until x is ov] is n wor? answ]+ intellig5tly2 he is say+ t no good son %\ld w>n 8 "m (f a cliff until %e has fall5 ov] x4 ,b !re is an anti-patriot :o hone/ly ang]s hone/ m51 & ! explanation ( him is1 ,i ?9k1 :at ,i h sugge/$3 he is ! unc&id c&id fri5d2 ! man :o says1 ,i am sorry to say we are ru9$1 & is n sorry at all4 ,& he may be said1 )\t rhetoric1 to be a traitor2 = he is us+ t ugly k :i* 0 all[$ him to /r5g!n ! army1 to disc\rage p f jo9+ x4 ,because he is all[$ to be pessimi/ic z a milit>y advis] he is be+ pessimi/ic z a recruit+ s]geant4 ,j 9 ! same way ! pessimi/ 7:o is ! cosmic anti-patriot7 uses ! fre$om t life all[s to h] c\nsellors to lure away ! p f h] flag4 ,grant$ t he /ates only facts1 x is /ill ess5tial to "k :at are 8 emotions1 :at is 8 motive4 ,x may be t twelve hundr$ m5 9 ,tott5ham are d[n ) smallpox2 b we want to "k :e!r ?is is /at$ by "s great philosoph] :o wants to curse ! gods1 or only by "s common cl]gyman :o wants to help ! m54 ,! evil ( ! pessimi/ is1 !n1 n t he *a/ises gods & m51 b t he does n love :at he *a/ises--he has n ?is prim>y & sup]natural loyalty to ?+s4 ,:at is ! evil ( ! man commonly call$ an optimi/8 ,obvi\sly1 x is felt t ! optimi/1 wi%+ to def5d ! hon\r ( ?is _w1 w def5d ! indef5sible4 ,he is ! j+o ( ! univ]se2 he w say1 ,my cosmos1 "r or wrong4 ,he w be less incl9$ to ! re=m ( ?+s2 m incl9$ to a sort ( front-b5* (ficial answ] to all attacks1 soo?+ e "o ) assurances4 ,he w n wa% ! _w1 b :itewa% ! _w4 ,all ?is 7:i* is true ( a type ( optimi/7 leads u to ! "o really int]e/+ po9t ( psy*ology1 :i* c\ld n be expla9$ )\t x4 ,we say !re mu/ be a primal loyalty to life3 ! only "q is1 %all x be a natural or a sup]natural loyalty8 ,if y l to put x s1 %all x be a reasonable or an unreasonable loyalty8 ,n[1 ! extraord9>y ?+ is t ! bad optimism 7! :itewa%+1 ! weak def5ce ( ev]y?+7 comes 9 ) ! reasonable optimism4 ,rational optimism leads to /agnation3 x is irrational optimism t leads to re=m4 ,let me expla9 by us+ once m ! p>allel ( patriotism4 ,! man :o is mo/ likely to ru9 ! place he loves is exactly ! man :o loves x ) a reason4 ,! man :o w improve ! place is ! man :o loves x )\t a reason4 ,if a man loves "s feature ( ,pimlico 7:i* seems unlikely71 he may f9d himself def5d+ t feature aga9/ ,pimlico itself4 ,b if he simply loves ,pimlico itself1 he may lay x wa/e & turn x into ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,i d n d5y t re=m may be excessive2 ,i only say t x is ! my/ic patriot :o re=ms4 ,m]e j+o self-cont5tm5t is commone/ among ^? :o h "s p$antic reason = _! patriotism4 ,! wor/ j+oes d n love ,engl&1 b a !ory ( ,engl&4 ,if we love ,engl& = be+ an empire1 we may ov]rate ! success ) :i* we rule ! ,h9doos4 ,b if we love x only = be+ a nation1 we c face all ev5ts3 = x w\ld be a nation ev5 if ! ,h9doos rul$ u4 ,?us also only ^? w p]mit _! patriotism to falsify hi/ory ^: patriotism dep5ds on hi/ory4 ,a man :o loves ,engl& = be+ ,engli% w n m9d h[ %e arose4 ,b a man :o loves ,engl& = be+ ,anglo-,saxon may g aga9/ all facts = 8 fancy4 ,he may end 7l ,c>lyle & ,freeman7 by ma9ta9+ t ! ,norman ,conque/ 0 a ,saxon ,conque/4 ,he may end 9 utt] unreason--because he has a reason4 ,a man :o loves ,france = be+ milit>y w palliate ! army ( #ahgj4 ,b a man :o loves ,france = be+ ,france w improve ! army ( #ahgj4 ,?is is exactly :at ! ,fr5* h done1 & ,france is a good in/ance ( ! work+ p>adox4 ,n[h]e else is patriotism m purely ab/ract & arbitr>y2 & n[h]e else is re=m m dra/ic & sweep+4 ,! m transc5d5tal is y\r patriotism1 ! m practical are y\r politics4 ,p]haps ! mo/ ev]yday in/ance ( ?is po9t is 9 ! case ( wom52 & _! /range & /rong loyalty4 ,"s /upid p />t$ ! idea t because wom5 obvi\sly back up _! own p ?r\gh ev]y?+1 !re=e wom5 are bl9d & d n see any?+4 ,!y c h>dly h kn[n any wom54 ,! same wom5 :o are ready to def5d _! m5 ?r\gh ?ick & ?9 are 79 _! p]sonal int]c\rse ) ! man7 almo/ morbidly lucid ab\t ! ?9ness ( 8 excuses or ! ?ickness ( 8 head4 ,a man's fri5d likes him b leaves him z he is3 8 wife loves him & is always try+ to turn him into somebody else4 ,wom5 :o are utt] my/ics 9 _! cre$ are utt] cynics 9 _! criticism4 ,?ack]ay express$ ?is well :5 he made ,p5d5nis' "m1 :o wor%ipp$ h] son z a god1 yet assume t he w\ld g wrong z a man4 ,%e und]rat$ 8 virtue1 ?\gh %e ov]rat$ 8 value4 ,! devotee is entirely free to criticise2 ! fanatic c safely be a sceptic4 ,love is n bl9d2 t is ! la/ ?+ t x is4 ,love is b\nd2 & ! m x is b\nd ! less x is bl9d4 ,?is at lea/ _h come to be my position ab\t all t 0 call$ optimism1 pessimism1 & improvem5t4 ,be=e any cosmic act ( re=m we mu/ h a cosmic oa? ( allegiance4 ,a man mu/ be int]e/$ 9 life1 !n he c\ld be dis9t]e/$ 9 8 views ( x4 ,my son give me ?y he>t2 ! he>t mu/ be fix$ on ! "r ?+3 ! mom5t we h a fix$ he>t we h a free h&4 ,i mu/ pause to anticipate an obvi\s criticism4 ,x w be said t a rational p]son accepts ! _w z mix$ ( good & evil ) a dec5t satisfaction & a dec5t endurance4 ,b ?is is exactly ! attitude :i* ,i ma9ta9 to be defective4 ,x is1 ,i "k1 v common 9 ?is age2 x 0 p]fectly put 9 ^? quiet l9es ( ,mat!w ,arnold :i* are m pi]c+ly blasphem\s ?an ! %rieks ( ,s*op5hau]-- ,en\gh we live3--& if a life1 ,) l>ge results s little rife1 ,?\gh be>able1 seem h>dly wor? ,?is pomp ( worlds1 ?is pa9 ( bir?4 ,i "k ?is feel+ fills our epo*1 & ,i ?9k x freezes our epo*4 ,= our ,titanic purposes ( fai? & revolution1 :at we ne$ is n ! cold acceptance ( ! _w z a compromise1 b "s way 9 :i* we c he>tily hate & he>tily love x4 ,we d n want joy & ang] to neutralize ea* o!r & produce a surly cont5tm5t2 we want a fi]c] delight & a fi]c] discont5t4 ,we h to feel ! univ]se at once z an ogre's ca/le1 to be /orm$1 & yet z our own cottage1 to :i* we c return at ev5+4 ,no "o d\bts t an ord9>y man c get on ) ?is _w3 b we dem& n /r5g? en\gh to get on ) x1 b /r5g? en\gh to get x on4 ,c he hate x en\gh to *ange x1 & yet love x en\gh to ?9k x wor? *ang+8 ,c he look up at its colossal good )\t once feel+ acquiesc5ce8 ,c he look up at its colossal evil )\t once feel+ despair8 ,c he1 9 %ort1 be at once n only a pessimi/ & an optimi/1 b a fanatical pessimi/ & a fanatical optimi/8 ,is he en\gh ( a pagan to die = ! _w1 & en\gh ( a ,*ri/ian to die to x8 ,9 ?is comb9ation1 ,i ma9ta91 x is ! rational optimi/ :o fails1 ! irrational optimi/ :o succe$s4 ,he is ready to sma% ! :ole univ]se = ! sake ( itself4 ,i put ^! ?+s n 9 _! mature logical sequ5ce1 b z !y came3 & ?is view 0 cle>$ & %>p5$ by an accid5t ( ! "t4 ,"u ! l5g!n+ %ad[ ( ,ibs51 an argum5t arose :e!r x 0 n a v nice ?+ to murd] "o's self4 ,grave mod]ns told u t we mu/ n ev5 say poor fell[1 ( a man :o _h bl[n 8 bra9s out1 s9ce he 0 an enviable p]son1 & _h only bl[n !m out because ( _! exceptional excell5ce4 ,mr4 ,william ,ar*] ev5 sugge/$ t 9 ! gold5 age !re w\ld be p5ny-9-!-slot ma*9es1 by :i* a man c\ld kill himself = a p5ny4 ,9 all ?is ,i f\nd myself utt]ly ho/ile to _m :o call$ !mselves lib]al & humane4 ,n only is suicide a s91 x is ! s94 ,x is ! ultimate & absolute evil1 ! refusal to take an int]e/ 9 exi/5ce2 ! refusal to take ! oa? ( loyalty to life4 ,! man :o kills a man1 kills a man4 ,! man :o kills himself1 kills all m52 z f> z he is conc]n$ he wipes out ! _w4 ,8 act is worse 7symbolically consid]$7 ?an any rape or dynamite outrage4 ,= x de/roys all build+s3 x insults all wom54 ,! ?ief is satisfi$ ) diamonds2 b ! suicide is n3 t is 8 crime4 ,he _c be brib$1 ev5 by ! blaz+ /ones ( ! ,cele/ial ,city4 ,! ?ief complim5ts ! ?+s he /eals1 if n ! own] ( !m4 ,b ! suicide insults ev]y?+ on e>? by n /eal+ x4 ,he defiles e fl[] by refus+ to live = its sake4 ,!re is n a t9y creature 9 ! cosmos at :om 8 dea? is n a sne]4 ,:5 a man hangs himself on a tree1 ! leaves might fall (f 9 ang] & ! birds fly away 9 fury3 = ea* has receiv$ a p]sonal affront4 ,( c\rse !re may be pa!tic emotional excuses = ! act4 ,!re (t5 are = rape1 & !re almo/ always are = dynamite4 ,b if x comes to cle> ideas & ! intellig5t mean+ ( ?+s1 !n !re is mu* m rational & philosophic tru? 9 ! burial at ! cross-roads & ! /ake driv5 ?r\gh ! body1 ?an 9 ,mr4 ,ar*]'s suicidal automatic ma*9es4 ,!re is a mean+ 9 bury+ ! suicide ap>t4 ,! man's crime is diff]5t f o!r crimes--= x makes ev5 crimes impossible4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,i read a solemn flippancy by "s free ?9k]3 he said t a suicide 0 only ! same z a m>tyr4 ,! op5 fallacy ( ?is help$ to cle> ! "q4 ,obvi\sly a suicide is ! opposite ( a m>tyr4 ,a m>tyr is a man :o c>es s mu* = some?+ outside him1 t he =gets 8 own p]sonal life4 ,a suicide is a man :o c>es s little = any?+ outside him1 t he wants to see ! la/ ( ev]y?+4 ,"o wants some?+ to beg93 ! o!r wants ev]y?+ to end4 ,9 o!r words1 ! m>tyr is noble1 exactly because 7h[ev] he r5\nces ! _w or execrates all humanity7 he confesses ?is ultimate l9k ) life2 he sets 8 he>t outside himself3 he dies t some?+ may live4 ,! suicide is ignoble because he has n ?is l9k ) be+3 he is a m]e de/roy]2 spiritually1 he de/roys ! univ]se4 ,& !n ,i rememb]$ ! /ake & ! cross-roads1 & ! que] fact t ,*ri/ianity _h %[n ?is weird h>%ness to ! suicide4 ,= ,*ri/ianity _h %[n a wild enc\ragem5t ( ! m>tyr4 ,hi/oric ,*ri/ianity 0 accus$1 n entirely )\t reason1 ( c>ry+ m>tyrdom & asceticism to a po9t1 desolate & pessimi/ic4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian m>tyrs talk$ ( dea? ) a horrible happ9ess4 ,!y blasphem$ ! beautiful duties ( ! body3 !y smelt ! grave af> (f l a field ( fl[]s4 ,all ?is has seem$ to _m ! v poetry ( pessimism4 ,yet !re is ! /ake at ! crossroads to %[ :at ,*ri/ianity ?\ght ( ! pessimi/4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ( ! long tra9 ( enigmas ) :i* ,*ri/ianity ent]$ ! discussion4 ,& !re w5t ) x a peculi>ity ( :i* ,i %all h to speak m m>k$ly1 z a note ( all ,*ri/ian notions1 b :i* di/9ctly began 9 ?is "o4 ,! ,*ri/ian attitude to ! m>tyr & ! suicide 0 n :at is s (t5 affirm$ 9 mod]n morals4 ,x 0 n a matt] ( degree4 ,x 0 n t a l9e mu/ be drawn some:]e1 & t ! self-slay] 9 exaltation fell )9 ! l9e1 ! self-slay] 9 sadness j beyond x4 ,! ,*ri/ian feel+ evid5tly 0 n m]ely t ! suicide 0 c>ry+ m>tyrdom too f>4 ,! ,*ri/ian feel+ 0 furi\sly = "o & furi\sly aga9/ ! o!r3 ^! two ?+s t look$ s mu* alike 7 at opposite ends ( heav5 & hell4 ,"o man flung away 8 life2 he 0 s good t 8 dry bones c\ld heal cities 9 pe/il5ce4 ,ano!r man flung away life2 he 0 s bad t 8 bones w\ld pollute 8 bre?r5's4 ,i am n say+ ?is fi]c5ess 0 "r2 b :y 0 x s fi]ce8 ,"h x 0 t ,i fir/ f\nd t my w&]+ feet 7 9 "s beat5 track4 ,*ri/ianity _h also felt ?is opposition ( ! m>tyr to ! suicide3 _h x p]haps felt x = ! same reason8 ,_h ,*ri/ianity felt :at ,i felt1 b c\ld n 7& _c7 express--?is ne$ = a fir/ loyalty to ?+s1 & !n = a ru9\s re=m ( ?+s8 ,!n ,i rememb]$ t x 0 actually ! *>ge aga9/ ,*ri/ianity t x comb9$ ^! two ?+s :i* ,i 0 wildly try+ to comb9e4 ,*ri/ianity 0 accus$1 at "o & ! same "t1 ( be+ too optimi/ic ab\t ! univ]se & ( be+ too pessimi/ic ab\t ! _w4 ,! co9cid5ce made me sudd5ly /& /ill4 ,an imbecile habit has aris5 9 mod]n controv]sy ( say+ t su* & su* a cre$ c be held 9 "o age b _c be held 9 ano!r4 ,"s dogma1 we are told1 0 cr$ible 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 b is n cr$ible 9 ! tw5tie?4 ,y might z well say t a c]ta9 philosophy c be believ$ on ,mondays1 b _c be believ$ on ,tuesdays4 ,y might z well say ( a view ( ! cosmos t x 0 suitable to half-pa/ ?ree1 b n suitable to half-pa/ f\r4 ,:at a man c believe dep5ds ^u 8 philosophy1 n ^u ! clock or ! c5tury4 ,if a man believes 9 unalt]able natural law1 he _c believe 9 any miracle 9 any age4 ,if a man believes 9 a w beh9d law1 he c believe 9 any miracle 9 any age4 ,suppose1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 we are conc]n$ ) a case ( ?aumaturgic heal+4 ,a mat]iali/ ( ! twelf? c5tury c\ld n believe x any m ?an a mat]iali/ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,b a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury c believe x z mu* z a ,*ri/ian ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is simply a matt] ( a man's !ory ( ?+s4 ,!re=e 9 deal+ ) any hi/orical answ]1 ! po9t is n :e!r x 0 giv5 9 our "t1 b :e!r x 0 giv5 9 answ] to our "q4 ,& ! m ,i ?\ght ab\t :5 & h[ ,*ri/ianity _h come into ! _w1 ! m ,i felt t x _h actually come to answ] ?is "q4 ,x is commonly ! loose & latitud9>ian ,*ri/ians :o pay q indef5sible complim5ts to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y talk z if !re _h nev] be5 any piety or pity until ,*ri/ianity came1 a po9t on :i* any m$iaeval w\ld h be5 eag] to correct !m4 ,!y repres5t t ! rem>kable ?+ ab\t ,*ri/ianity 0 t x 0 ! fir/ to prea* simplicity or self-re/ra9t1 or inw>dness & s9c]ity4 ,!y w ?9k me v n>r[ 7:atev] t means7 if ,i say t ! rem>kable ?+ ab\t ,*ri/ianity 0 t x 0 ! fir/ to prea* ,*ri/ianity4 ,its peculi>ity 0 t x 0 peculi>1 & simplicity & s9c]ity are n peculi>1 b obvi\s ideals = all mank9d4 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! answ] to a riddle1 n ! la/ truism utt]$ aft] a long talk4 ,only ! o!r day ,i saw 9 an excell5t weekly pap] ( ,puritan tone ?is rem>k1 t ,*ri/ianity :5 /ripp$ ( its arm\r ( dogma 7z :o %\ld speak ( a man /ripp$ ( 8 arm\r ( bones71 turn$ out to be no?+ b ! ,quak] doctr9e ( ! ,inn] ,light4 ,n[1 if ,i 7 to say t ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w specially to de/roy ! doctr9e ( ! ,inn] ,light1 t w\ld be an exagg]ation4 ,b x w\ld be v mu* ne>] to ! tru?4 ,! la/ ,/oics1 l ,m>cus ,aurelius1 7 exactly ! p :o did believe 9 ! ,inn] ,light4 ,_! dignity1 _! we>9ess1 _! sad ext]nal c>e = o!rs1 _! incurable int]nal c>e = !mselves1 7 all due to ! ,inn] ,light1 & exi/$ only by t dismal illum9ation4 ,notice t ,m>cus ,aurelius insi/s1 z su* introspective morali/s always d1 ^u small ?+s done or undone2 x is because he has n hate or love en\gh to make a moral revolution4 ,he gets up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 j z our own ari/ocrats liv+ ! ,simple ,life get up e>ly 9 ! morn+2 because su* altruism is mu* easi] ?an /opp+ ! games ( ! amphi!atre or giv+ ! ,engli% p back _! l&4 ,m>cus ,aurelius is ! mo/ intol]able ( human types4 ,he is an unselfi% egoi/4 ,an unselfi% egoi/ is a man :o has pride )\t ! excuse ( passion4 ,( all conceivable =ms ( enlight5m5t ! wor/ is :at ^! p call ! ,inn] ,light4 ,( all horrible religions ! mo/ horrible is ! wor%ip ( ! god )94 ,any "o :o kn[s any body kn[s h[ x w\ld "w2 any "o :o kn[s any "o f ! ,high] ,?\ght ,c5tre kn[s h[ x does "w4 ,t ,jones %all wor%ip ! god )9 him turns out ultimately to mean t ,jones %all wor%ip ,jones4 ,let ,jones wor%ip ! sun or moon1 any?+ r ?an ! ,inn] ,light2 let ,jones wor%ip cats or crocodiles1 if he c f9d any 9 8 /reet1 b n ! god )94 ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w fir/ly 9 ord] to ass]t ) viol5ce t a man _h n only to look inw>ds1 b to look outw>ds1 to behold ) a/oni%m5t & en?usiasm a div9e company & a div9e capta94 ,! only fun ( be+ a ,*ri/ian 0 t a man 0 n left alone ) ! ,inn] ,light1 b def9itely recogniz$ an out] light1 fair z ! sun1 cle> z ! moon1 t]rible z an army ) bann]s4 ,all ! same1 x w be z well if ,jones does n wor%ip ! sun & moon4 ,if he does1 !re is a t5d5cy = him to imitate !m2 to say1 t because ! sun burns insects alive1 he may burn insects alive4 ,he ?9ks t because ! sun gives p sun-/roke1 he may give 8 neighb\r measles4 ,he ?9ks t because ! moon is said to drive m5 mad1 he may drive 8 wife mad4 ,?is ugly side ( m]e ext]nal optimism _h also %[n itself 9 ! anci5t _w4 ,ab\t ! "t :5 ! ,/oic idealism _h begun to %[ ! weaknesses ( pessimism1 ! old nature wor%ip ( ! anci5ts _h begun to %[ ! enorm\s weaknesses ( optimism4 ,nature wor%ip is natural en\gh :ile ! society is "y1 or1 9 o!r words1 ,pan!ism is all "r z long z x is ! wor%ip ( ,pan4 ,b ,nature has ano!r side :i* exp]i5ce & s9 are n sl[ 9 f9d+ out1 & x is no flippancy to say ( ! god ,pan t he soon %[$ ! clov5 ho(4 ,! only objection to ,natural ,religion is t someh[ x always becomes unnatural4 ,a man loves ,nature 9 ! morn+ = h] innoc5ce & amiability1 & at nightfall1 if he is lov+ h] /ill1 x is = h] d>kness & h] cruelty4 ,he wa%es at dawn 9 cle> wat] z did ! ,wise ,man ( ! ,/oics1 yet1 someh[ at ! d>k end ( ! day1 he is ba?+ 9 hot bull's blood1 z did ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,! m]e pursuit ( heal? always leads to some?+ unheal?y4 ,physical nature mu/ n be made ! direct object ( ob$i5ce2 x mu/ be enjoy$1 n wor%ipp$4 ,/>s & m\nta9s mu/ n be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,if !y are1 we end :]e ! pagan nature wor%ip end$4 ,because ! e>? is k9d1 we c imitate all h] cruelties4 ,because sexuality is sane1 we c all g mad ab\t sexuality4 ,m]e optimism _h rea*$ its insane & appropriate t]m9ation4 ,! !ory t ev]y?+ 0 good _h become an orgy ( ev]y?+ t 0 bad4 ,on ! o!r side our ideali/ pessimi/s 7 repres5t$ by ! old remnant ( ! ,/oics4 ,m>cus ,aurelius & 8 fri5ds _h really giv5 up ! idea ( any god 9 ! univ]se & look$ only to ! god )94 ,!y _h no hope ( any virtue 9 nature1 & h>dly any hope ( any virtue 9 society4 ,!y _h n en\gh int]e/ 9 ! out] _w really to wreck or revolutionise x4 ,!y did n love ! city en\gh to set fire to x4 ,?us ! anci5t _w 0 exactly 9 our own desolate dilemma4 ,! only p :o really enjoy$ ?is _w 7 busy break+ x up2 & ! virtu\s p did n c>e en\gh ab\t !m to knock !m d[n4 ,9 ?is dilemma 7! same z ours7 ,*ri/ianity sudd5ly /epp$ 9 & (f]$ a s+ul> answ]1 :i* ! _w ev5tually accept$ z ,,! answ]4 ,x 0 ! answ] !n1 & ,i ?9k x is ! answ] n[4 ,?is answ] 0 l ! sla% ( a sword2 x sund]$2 x did n 9 any s5se s5tim5tally unite4 ,briefly1 x divid$ ,god f ! cosmos4 ,t transc5d5ce & di/9ctness ( ! deity :i* "s ,*ri/ians n[ want to remove f ,*ri/ianity1 0 really ! only reason :y any "o want$ to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,x 0 ! :ole po9t ( ! ,*ri/ian answ] to ! unhappy pessimi/ & ! /ill m unhappy optimi/4 ,z ,i am "h only conc]n$ ) _! p>ticul> problem1 ,i %all indicate only briefly ?is great metaphysical sugge/ion4 ,all descriptions ( ! creat+ or su/a9+ pr9ciple 9 ?+s mu/ be metaphorical1 because !y mu/ be v]bal4 ,?us ! pan!i/ is =c$ to speak ( ,god 9 all ?+s z if he 7 9 a box4 ,?us ! evolutioni/ has1 9 8 v "n1 ! idea ( be+ unroll$ l a c>pet4 ,all t]ms1 religi\s & irreligi\s1 are op5 to ?is *>ge4 ,! only "q is :e!r all t]ms are useless1 or :e!r "o c1 ) su* a phrase1 cov] a di/9ct ,,idea ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,i ?9k "o c1 & s evid5tly does ! evolutioni/1 or he w\ld n talk ab\t evolution4 ,& ! root phrase = all ,*ri/ian !ism 0 ?is1 t ,god 0 a creator1 z an arti/ is a creator4 ,a poet is s sep>ate f 8 poem t he himself speaks ( x z a little ?+ he has ?r[n (f4 ,ev5 9 giv+ x =? he has flung x away4 ,?is pr9ciple t all creation & procreation is a break+ (f is at lea/ z consi/5t ?r\gh ! cosmos z ! evolution>y pr9ciple t all gr[? is a bran*+ out4 ,a woman loses a *ild ev5 9 hav+ a *ild4 ,all creation is sep>ation4 ,bir? is z solemn a p>t+ z dea?4 ,x 0 ! prime philosophic pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity t ?is divorce 9 ! div9e act ( mak+ 7su* z sev]s ! poet f ! poem or ! "m f ! new-born *ild7 0 ! true description ( ! act :]eby ! absolute en]gy made ! _w4 ,accord+ to mo/ philosoph]s1 ,god 9 mak+ ! _w enslav$ x4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/ianity1 9 mak+ x1 ,he set x free4 ,god _h writt51 n s mu* a poem1 b r a play2 a play he _h plann$ z p]fect1 b :i* _h necess>ily be5 left to human actors & /age-manag]s1 :o _h s9ce made a great mess ( x4 ,i w discuss ! tru? ( ?is !orem lat]4 ,"h ,i h only to po9t out ) :at a />tl+ smoo?ness x pass$ ! dilemma we h discuss$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,9 ?is way at lea/ "o c\ld be bo? happy & indignant )\t degrad+ "o's self to be ei!r a pessimi/ or an optimi/4 ,on ?is sy/em "o c\ld fight all ! =ces ( exi/5ce )\t des]t+ ! flag ( exi/5ce4 ,"o c\ld be at peace ) ! univ]se & yet be at w> ) ! _w4 ,/4 ,george c\ld /ill fight ! dragon1 h[ev] big ! mon/] bulk$ 9 ! cosmos1 ?\gh he 7 bigg] ?an ! mighty cities or bigg] ?an ! ev]la/+ hills4 ,if he 7 z big z ! _w he c\ld yet be kill$ 9 ! "n ( ! _w4 ,/4 ,george _h n to consid] any obvi\s odds or proportions 9 ! scale ( ?+s1 b only ! orig9al secret ( _! design4 ,he c %ake 8 sword at ! dragon1 ev5 if x is ev]y?+2 ev5 if ! empty heav5s ov] 8 head are only ! huge ar* ( its op5 jaws4 ,& !n foll[$ an exp]i5ce impossible to describe4 ,x 0 z if ,i _h be5 blund]+ ab\t s9ce my bir? ) two huge & unmanageable ma*9es1 ( diff]5t %apes & )\t app>5t connection--! _w & ! ,*ri/ian tradition4 ,i _h f\nd ?is hole 9 ! _w3 ! fact t "o mu/ someh[ f9d a way ( lov+ ! _w )\t tru/+ x2 someh[ "o mu/ love ! _w )\t be+ worldly4 ,i f\nd ?is project+ feature ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 l a sort ( h>d spike1 ! dogmatic insi/5ce t ,god 0 p]sonal1 & _h made a _w sep>ate f ,himself4 ,! spike ( dogma fitt$ exactly into ! hole 9 ! _w--x _h evid5tly be5 meant to g !re-- & !n ! /range ?+ began to happ54 ,:5 once ^! two p>ts ( ! two ma*9es _h come toge!r1 "o aft] ano!r1 all ! o!r p>ts fitt$ & fell 9 ) an e]ie exactitude4 ,i c\ld he> bolt aft] bolt ov] all ! ma*9]y fall+ into its place ) a k9d ( click ( relief4 ,hav+ got "o "p "r1 all ! o!r p>ts 7 repeat+ t rectitude1 z clock aft] clock /rikes noon4 ,in/9ct aft] in/9ct 0 answ]$ by doctr9e aft] doctr9e4 ,or1 to v>y ! metaphor1 ,i 0 l "o :o _h advanc$ into a ho/ile c\ntry to take "o high =tress4 ,& :5 t =t _h fall5 ! :ole c\ntry surr5d]$ & turn$ solid beh9d me4 ,! :ole l& 0 lit up1 z x 71 back to ! fir/ fields ( my *ildhood4 ,all ^? bl9d fancies ( boyhood :i* 9 ! f\r? *apt] ,i h tri$ 9 va9 to trace on ! d>kness1 became sudd5ly transp>5t & sane4 ,i 0 "r :5 ,i felt t roses 7 r$ by "s sort ( *oice3 x 0 ! div9e *oice4 ,i 0 "r :5 ,i felt t ,i w\ld almo/ r say t grass 0 ! wrong col\r ?an say x mu/ by necessity h be5 t col\r3 x might v]ily h be5 any o!r4 ,my s5se t happ9ess hung on ! crazy ?read ( a condition did mean some?+ :5 all 0 said3 x meant ! :ole doctr9e ( ! ,fall4 ,ev5 ^? dim & %apeless mon/]s ( notions :i* ,i h n be5 able to describe1 mu* less def5d1 /epp$ quietly into _! places l colossal c>yatides ( ! cre$4 ,! fancy t ! cosmos 0 n va/ & void1 b small & cosy1 _h a fulfill$ significance n[1 = any?+ t is a "w ( art mu/ be small 9 ! sight ( ! arti/2 to ,god ! />s might be only small & de>1 l diamonds4 ,& my haunt+ in/9ct t someh[ good 0 n m]ely a tool to be us$1 b a relic to be gu>d$1 l ! goods f ,crusoe's %ip-- ev5 t _h be5 ! wild :isp] ( some?+ orig9ally wise1 =1 accord+ to ,*ri/ianity1 we 7 inde$ ! survivors ( a wreck1 ! crew ( a gold5 %ip t _h gone d[n be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,b ! important matt] 0 ?is1 t x entirely rev]s$ ! reason = optimism4 ,& ! in/ant ! rev]sal 0 made x felt l ! abrupt ease :5 a bone is put back 9 ! socket4 ,i _h (t5 call$ myself an optimi/1 to avoid ! too evid5t blasphemy ( pessimism4 ,b all ! optimism ( ! age _h be5 false & di%e>t5+ = ?is reason1 t x _h always be5 try+ to prove t we fit 9 to ! _w4 ,! ,*ri/ian optimism is bas$ on ! fact t we d ,,n fit 9 to ! _w4 ,i _h tri$ to be happy by tell+ myself t man is an animal1 l any o!r :i* s\ght its meat f ,god4 ,b n[ ,i really 0 happy1 = ,i _h le>nt t man is a mon/rosity4 ,i _h be5 "r 9 feel+ all ?+s z odd1 = ,i myself 0 at once worse & bett] ?an all ?+s4 ,! optimi/'s pleasure 0 prosaic1 = x dwelt on ! naturalness ( ev]y?+2 ! ,*ri/ian pleasure 0 poetic1 = x dwelt on ! unnaturalness ( ev]y?+ 9 ! light ( ! sup]natural4 ,! mod]n philosoph] _h told me aga9 & aga9 t ,i 0 9 ! "r place1 & ,i _h /ill felt depress$ ev5 9 acquiesc5ce4 ,b ,i _h he>d t ,i 0 9 ! ,,wrong place1 & my s\l sang = joy1 l a bird 9 spr+4 ,! k f\nd out & illum9at$ =gott5 *amb]s 9 ! d>k h\se ( infancy4 ,i knew n[ :y grass _h always seem$ to me z que] z ! gre5 be>d ( a giant1 & :y ,i c\ld feel homesick at home4 ,,vi ,,! ,,p>adoxes ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,! real tr\ble ) ?is _w ( ours is n t x is an unreasonable _w1 nor ev5 t x is a reasonable "o4 ,! commone/ k9d ( tr\ble is t x is ne>ly reasonable1 b n q4 ,life is n an illogicality2 yet x is a trap = logicians4 ,x looks j a little m ma!matical & regul> ?an x is2 its exactitude is obvi\s1 b its inexactitude is hidd52 its wildness lies 9 wait4 ,i give "o co>se in/ance ( :at ,i mean4 ,suppose "s ma!matical creature f ! moon 7 to reckon up ! human body2 he w\ld at once see t ! ess5tial ?+ ab\t x 0 t x 0 duplicate4 ,a man is two m51 he on ! "r exactly resembl+ him on ! left4 ,hav+ not$ t !re 0 an arm on ! "r & "o on ! left1 a leg on ! "r & "o on ! left1 he might g fur!r & /ill f9d on ea* side ! same numb] ( f+]s1 ! same numb] ( toes1 tw9 eyes1 tw9 e>s1 tw9 no/rils1 & ev5 tw9 lobes ( ! bra94 ,at la/ he w\ld take x z a law2 & !n1 :]e he f\nd a he>t on "o side1 w\ld d$uce t !re 0 ano!r he>t on ! o!r4 ,& j !n1 :]e he mo/ felt he 0 "r1 he w\ld be wrong4 ,x is ?is sil5t sw]v+ f accuracy by an in* t is ! uncanny elem5t 9 ev]y?+4 ,x seems a sort ( secret treason 9 ! univ]se4 ,an apple or an orange is r\nd en\gh to get itself call$ r\nd1 & yet is n r\nd aft] all4 ,! e>? itself is %ap$ l an orange 9 ord] to lure "s simple a/ronom] into call+ x a globe4 ,a blade ( grass is call$ aft] ! blade ( a sword1 because x comes to a po9t2 b x doesn't4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ?+s !re is ?is elem5t ( ! quiet & incalculable4 ,x escapes ! rationali/s1 b x nev] escapes till ! la/ mom5t4 ,f ! gr& curve ( our e>? x c\ld easily be inf]r$ t e in* ( x 0 ?us curv$4 ,x w\ld seem rational t z a man has a bra9 on bo? sides1 he %\ld h a he>t on bo? sides4 ,yet sci5tific m5 are /ill organiz+ exp$itions to f9d ! ,nor? ,pole1 because !y are s fond ( flat c\ntry4 ,sci5tific m5 are also /ill organiz+ exp$itions to f9d a man's he>t2 & :5 !y try to f9d x1 !y g5]ally get on ! wrong side ( him4 ,n[1 actual insight or inspiration is be/ te/$ by :e!r x guesses ^! hidd5 mal=mations or surprises4 ,if our ma!matician f ! moon saw ! two arms & ! two e>s1 he might d$uce ! two %\ld]-blades & ! two halves ( ! bra94 ,b if he guess$ t ! man's he>t 0 9 ! "r place1 !n ,i %\ld call him some?+ m ?an a ma!matician4 ,n[1 ?is is exactly ! claim :i* ,i h s9ce come to prop\nd = ,*ri/ianity4 ,n m]ely t x d$uces logical tru?s1 b t :5 x sudd5ly becomes illogical1 x has f\nd1 s to speak1 an illogical tru?4 ,x n only goes "r ab\t ?+s1 b x goes wrong 7if "o may say s7 exactly :]e ! ?+s g wrong4 ,its plan suits ! secret irregul>ities1 & expects ! unexpect$4 ,x is simple ab\t ! simple tru?2 b x is /ubborn ab\t ! subtle tru?4 ,x w admit t a man has two h&s1 x w n admit 7?\gh all ! ,mod]ni/s wail to x7 ! obvi\s d$uction t he has two he>ts4 ,x is my only purpose 9 ?is *apt] to po9t ?is out2 to %[ t :5ev] we feel !re is some?+ odd 9 ,*ri/ian !ology1 we %all g5]ally f9d t !re is some?+ odd 9 ! tru?4 ,i h allud$ to an unmean+ phrase to ! effect t su* & su* a cre$ _c be believ$ 9 our age4 ,( c\rse1 any?+ c be believ$ 9 any age4 ,b1 oddly en\gh1 !re really is a s5se 9 :i* a cre$1 if x is believ$ at all1 c be believ$ m fix$ly 9 a complex society ?an 9 a simple "o4 ,if a man f9ds ,*ri/ianity true 9 ,birm+ham1 he has actually cle>] reasons = fai? ?an if he _h f\nd x true 9 ,m]cia4 ,= ! m complicat$ seems ! co9cid5ce1 ! less x c be a co9cid5ce4 ,if sn[flakes fell 9 ! %ape1 say1 ( ! he>t ( ,midlo?ian1 x might be an accid5t4 ,b if sn[flakes fell 9 ! exact %ape ( ! maze at ,hampton ,c\rt1 ,i ?9k "o might call x a miracle4 ,x is exactly z ( su* a miracle t ,i h s9ce come to feel ( ! philosophy ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! complication ( our mod]n _w proves ! tru? ( ! cre$ m p]fectly ?an any ( ! pla9 problems ( ! ages ( fai?4 ,x 0 9 ,nott+ ,hill & ,batt]sea t ,i began to see t ,*ri/ianity 0 true4 ,?is is :y ! fai? has t elaboration ( doctr9es & details :i* s mu* di/resses ^? :o admire ,*ri/ianity )\t believ+ 9 x4 ,:5 once "o believes 9 a cre$1 "o is pr\d ( its complexity1 z sci5ti/s are pr\d ( ! complexity ( sci5ce4 ,x %[s h[ ri* x is 9 discov]ies4 ,if x is "r at all1 x is a complim5t to say t x's elaborately "r4 ,a /ick might fit a hole or a /one a holl[ by accid5t4 ,b a key & a lock are bo? complex4 ,& if a key fits a lock1 y "k x is ! "r key4 ,b ?is involv$ accuracy ( ! ?+ makes x v difficult to d :at ,i n[ h to d1 to describe ?is accumulation ( tru?4 ,x is v h>d = a man to def5d any?+ ( :i* he is entirely conv9c$4 ,x is comp>atively easy :5 he is only p>tially conv9c$4 ,he is p>tially conv9c$ because he has f\nd ?is or t pro( ( ! ?+1 & he c exp\nd x4 ,b a man is n really conv9c$ ( a philosophic !ory :5 he f9ds t some?+ proves x4 ,he is only really conv9c$ :5 he f9ds t ev]y?+ proves x4 ,& ! m conv]g+ reasons he f9ds po9t+ to ?is conviction1 ! m bewild]$ he is if ask$ sudd5ly to sum !m up4 ,?us1 if "o ask$ an ord9>y intellig5t man1 on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 ,:y d y pref] civilization to savag]y8 he w\ld look wildly r\nd at object aft] object1 & w\ld only be able to answ] vaguely1 ,:y1 !re is t bookcase 4 4 4 & ! coals 9 ! coal-scuttle 4 4 4 & pianos 4 4 4 & policem54 ,! :ole case = civilization is t ! case = x is complex4 ,x has done s _m ?+s4 ,b t v multiplicity ( pro( :i* ought to make reply ov]:elm+ makes reply impossible4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 ab\t all complete conviction a k9d ( huge helplessness4 ,! belief is s big t x takes a long "t to get x into action4 ,& ?is hesitation *iefly arises1 oddly en\gh1 f an indiff]5ce ab\t :]e "o %\ld beg94 ,all roads lead to ,rome2 :i* is "o reason :y _m p nev] get !re4 ,9 ! case ( ?is def5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian conviction ,i confess t ,i w\ld z soon beg9 ! argum5t ) "o ?+ z ano!r2 ,i w\ld beg9 x ) a turnip or a taximet] cab4 ,b if ,i am to be at all c>eful ab\t mak+ my mean+ cle>1 x w1 ,i ?9k1 be wis] to cont9ue ! curr5t argum5ts ( ! la/ *apt]1 :i* 0 conc]n$ to urge ! fir/ ( ^! my/ical co9cid5ces1 or r ratifications4 ,all ,i _h hi!rto he>d ( ,*ri/ian !ology _h ali5at$ me f x4 ,i 0 a pagan at ! age ( twelve1 & a complete agno/ic by ! age ( sixte52 & ,i _c und]/& any "o pass+ ! age ( sev5te5 )\t hav+ ask$ himself s simple a "q4 ,i did1 inde$1 reta9 a cl\dy rev]5ce = a cosmic deity & a great hi/orical int]e/ 9 ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ,i c]ta9ly reg>d$ ,him z a man2 ?\gh p]haps ,i ?\ght t1 ev5 9 t po9t1 ,he _h an advantage ov] "s ( ,8 mod]n critics4 ,i read ! sci5tific & sceptical lit]ature ( my "t--all ( x1 at lea/1 t ,i c\ld f9d writt5 9 ,engli% & ly+ ab\t2 & ,i read no?+ else2 ,i mean ,i read no?+ else on any o!r note ( philosophy4 ,! p5ny dreadfuls :i* ,i also read 7 inde$ 9 a heal?y & h]oic tradition ( ,*ri/ianity2 b ,i did n "k ?is at ! "t4 ,i nev] read a l9e ( ,*ri/ian apologetics4 ,i read z little z ,i c ( !m n[4 ,x 0 ,huxley & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,bradlaugh :o br\ght me back to or?odox !ology4 ,!y s[$ 9 my m9d my fir/ wild d\bts ( d\bt4 ,our gr&mo!rs 7 q "r :5 !y said t ,tom ,pa9e & ! free-?9k]s unsettl$ ! m9d4 ,!y d4 ,!y unsettl$ m9e horribly4 ,! rationali/ made me "q :e!r reason 0 ( any use :atev]2 & :5 ,i _h f9i%$ ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ,i _h got z f> z d\bt+ 7= ! fir/ "t7 :e!r evolution _h occurr$ at all4 ,z ,i laid d[n ! la/ ( ,colonel ,+]soll's a!i/ic lectures ! dreadful ?\ght broke across my m9d1 ,almo/ ?\ p]suade/ me to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,i 0 9 a desp]ate way4 ,?is odd effect ( ! great agno/ics 9 ar\s+ d\bts deep] ?an _! own might be illu/rat$ 9 _m ways4 ,i take only "o4 ,z ,i read & re-read all ! non-,*ri/ian or anti-,*ri/ian acc\nts ( ! fai?1 f ,huxley to ,bradlaugh1 a sl[ & awful impression grew gradually b graphically ^u my m9d--! impression t ,*ri/ianity mu/ be a mo/ extraord9>y ?+4 ,= n only 7z ,i und]/ood7 _h ,*ri/ianity ! mo/ flam+ vices1 b x _h app>5tly a my/ical tal5t = comb9+ vices :i* seem$ inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,x 0 attack$ on all sides & = all contradictory reasons4 ,no soon] _h "o rationali/ demon/rat$ t x 0 too f> to ! ea/ ?an ano!r demon/rat$ ) equal cle>ness t x 0 mu* too f> to ! we/4 ,no soon] _h my indignation di$ d[n at its angul> & aggressive squ>5ess ?an ,i 0 call$ up aga9 to notice & condemn its en]vat+ & s5sual r\ndness4 ,9 case any read] has n come across ! ?+ ,i mean1 ,i w give su* in/ances z ,i rememb] at r&om ( ?is self-contradiction 9 ! sceptical attack4 ,i give f\r or five ( !m2 !re are fifty m4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,i 0 mu* mov$ by ! eloqu5t attack on ,*ri/ianity z a ?+ ( inhuman gloom2 = ,i ?\ght 7& /ill ?9k7 s9c]e pessimism ! unp>donable s94 ,ins9c]e pessimism is a social accompli%m5t1 r agreeable ?an o!rwise2 & =tunately ne>ly all pessimism is ins9c]e4 ,b if ,*ri/ianity 01 z ^! p said1 a ?+ purely pessimi/ic & oppos$ to life1 !n ,i 0 q prep>$ to bl[ up ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 ,b ! extraord9>y ?+ is ?is4 ,!y did prove to me 9 ,*apt] ,i4 7to my complete satisfaction7 t ,*ri/ianity 0 too pessimi/ic2 & !n1 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 !y began to prove to me t x 0 a great deal too optimi/ic4 ,"o accusation aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 0 t x prev5t$ m51 by morbid te>s & t]rors1 f seek+ joy & lib]ty 9 ! bosom ( ,nature4 ,b ano!r accusation 0 t x com=t$ m5 ) a fictiti\s provid5ce1 & put !m 9 a p9k-&-:ite nurs]y4 ,"o great agno/ic ask$ :y ,nature 0 n beautiful en\gh1 & :y x 0 h>d to be free4 ,ano!r great agno/ic object$ t ,*ri/ian optimism1 ! g>m5t ( make-believe wov5 by pi\s h&s1 hid f u ! fact t ,nature 0 ugly1 & t x 0 impossible to be free4 ,"o rationali/ _h h>dly done call+ ,*ri/ianity a nightm>e be=e ano!r began to call x a fool's p>adise4 ,?is puzzl$ me2 ! *>ges seem$ inconsi/5t4 ,*ri/ianity c\ld n at once be ! black mask on a :ite _w1 & also ! :ite mask on a black _w4 ,! /ate ( ! ,*ri/ian c\ld n be at once s com=table t he 0 a c[>d to cl+ to x1 & s uncom=table t he 0 a fool to /& x4 ,if x falsifi$ human vision x mu/ falsify x "o way or ano!r2 x c\ld n we> bo? gre5 & rose-col\r$ spectacles4 ,i roll$ on my tongue ) a t]rible joy1 z did all "y m5 ( t "t1 ! taunts :i* ,sw9burne hurl$ at ! dre>9ess ( ! cre$-- ,?\ ha/ conqu]$1 ,o pale ,galilaean1 ! _w has gr[n gray ) ,?y brea?4 ,b :5 ,i read ! same poet's acc\nts ( paganism 7z 9 ,atalanta71 ,i ga!r$ t ! _w 01 if possible1 m gray be=e ! ,galilean brea!d on x ?an aft]w>ds4 ,! poet ma9ta9$1 inde$1 9 ! ab/ract1 t life itself 0 pit* d>k4 ,& yet1 someh[1 ,*ri/ianity _h d>k5$ x4 ,! v man :o d5\nc$ ,*ri/ianity = pessimism 0 himself a pessimi/4 ,i ?\ght !re mu/ be some?+ wrong4 ,& x did = "o wild mom5t cross my m9d t1 p]haps1 ^? might n be ! v be/ judges ( ! relation ( religion to happ9ess :o1 by _! own acc\nt1 _h nei!r "o nor ! o!r4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ,i did n conclude ha/ily t ! accusations 7 false or ! accus]s fools4 ,i simply d$uc$ t ,*ri/ianity mu/ be some?+ ev5 weird] & wick$] ?an !y made out4 ,a ?+ might h ^! two opposite vices2 b x mu/ be a r que] ?+ if x did4 ,a man might be too fat 9 "o place & too ?9 9 ano!r2 b he w\ld be an odd %ape4 ,at ?is po9t my ?\ghts 7 only ( ! odd %ape ( ! ,*ri/ian religion2 ,i did n allege any odd %ape 9 ! rationali/ic m9d4 ,"h is ano!r case ( ! same k9d4 ,i felt t a /rong case aga9/ ,*ri/ianity lay 9 ! *>ge t !re is some?+ timid1 monki%1 & unmanly ab\t all t is call$ ,*ri/ian1 especially 9 its attitude t[>ds resi/ance & fight+4 ,! great sceptics ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 l>gely virile4 ,bradlaugh 9 an expansive way1 ,huxley1 9 a retic5t way1 7 decid$ly m54 ,9 comp>ison1 x did seem t5able t !re 0 some?+ weak & ov] pati5t ab\t ,*ri/ian c\nsels4 ,! ,gospel p>adox ab\t ! o!r *eek1 ! fact t prie/s nev] f\ght1 a hundr$ ?+s made plausible ! accusation t ,*ri/ianity 0 an attempt to make a man too l a %eep4 ,i read x & believ$ x1 & if ,i _h read no?+ diff]5t1 ,i %\ld h gone on believ+ x4 ,b ,i read some?+ v diff]5t4 ,i turn$ ! next page 9 my agno/ic manual1 & my bra9 turn$ up-side d[n4 ,n[ ,i f\nd t ,i 0 to hate ,*ri/ianity n = fight+ too little1 b = fight+ too mu*4 ,*ri/ianity1 x seem$1 0 ! "m ( w>s4 ,*ri/ianity _h delug$ ! _w ) blood4 ,i _h got ?or\ghly angry ) ! ,*ri/ian1 because he nev] 0 angry4 ,& n[ ,i 0 told to be angry ) him because 8 ang] _h be5 ! mo/ huge & horrible ?+ 9 human hi/ory2 because 8 ang] _h soak$ ! e>? & smok$ to ! sun4 ,! v p :o reproa*$ ,*ri/ianity ) ! meekness & non-resi/ance ( ! mona/]ies 7 ! v p :o reproa*$ x also ) ! viol5ce & val\r ( ! ,crusades4 ,x 0 ! fault ( poor old ,*ri/ianity 7someh[ or o!r7 bo? t ,edw>d ! ,confessor did n fight & t ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,leon did4 ,! ,quak]s 7we 7 told7 7 ! only *>act]i/ic ,*ri/ians2 & yet ! massacres ( ,cromwell & ,alva 7 *>act]i/ic ,*ri/ian crimes4 ,:at c\ld x all mean8 ,:at 0 ?is ,*ri/ianity :i* always =bade w> & always produc$ w>s8 ,:at c\ld be ! nature ( ! ?+ :i* "o c\ld abuse fir/ because x w\ld n fight1 & second because x 0 always fight+8 ,9 :at _w ( riddles 0 born ?is mon/r\s murd] & ?is mon/r\s meekness8 ,! %ape ( ,*ri/ianity grew a que]] %ape e in/ant4 ,i take a ?ird case2 ! /range/ ( all1 because x involves ! "o real objection to ! fai?4 ,! "o real objection to ! ,*ri/ian religion is simply t x is "o religion4 ,! _w is a big place1 full ( v diff]5t k9ds ( p4 ,*ri/ianity 7x may reasonably be said7 is "o ?+ conf9$ to "o k9d ( p2 x began 9 ,pale/9e1 x has practically /opp$ ) ,europe4 ,i 0 duly impress$ ) ?is argum5t 9 my y\?1 & ,i 0 mu* drawn t[>ds ! doctr9e (t5 prea*$ 9 ,e?ical ,societies-- ,i mean ! doctr9e t !re is "o great unconsci\s *ur* ( all humanity f\nd$ on ! omnipres5ce ( ! human consci5ce4 ,cre$s1 x 0 said1 divid$ m52 b at lea/ morals unit$ !m4 ,! s\l might seek ! /range/ & mo/ remote l&s & ages & /ill f9d ess5tial e?ical common s5se4 ,x might f9d ,confucius "u ,ea/]n trees1 & he w\ld be writ+ ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,x might deciph] ! d>ke/ hi]oglyphic on ! mo/ primeval des]t1 & ! mean+ :5 deciph]$ w\ld be ,little boys %\ld tell ! tru?4 ,i believ$ ?is doctr9e ( ! bro!rhood ( all m5 9 ! possession ( a moral s5se1 & ,i believe x /ill--) o!r ?+s4 ,& ,i 0 ?or\ghly annoy$ ) ,*ri/ianity = sugge/+ 7z ,i suppos$7 t :ole ages & empires ( m5 _h utt]ly escap$ ?is light ( ju/ice & reason4 ,b !n ,i f\nd an a/oni%+ ?+4 ,i f\nd t ! v p :o said t mank9d 0 "o *ur* f ,plato to ,em]son 7 ! v p :o said t morality _h *ang$ altoge!r1 & t :at 0 "r 9 "o age 0 wrong 9 ano!r4 ,if ,i ask$1 say1 = an alt>1 ,i 0 told t we ne$$ none1 = m5 our bro!rs gave u cle> oracles & "o cre$ 9 _! univ]sal cu/oms & ideals4 ,b if ,i mildly po9t$ out t "o ( m5's univ]sal cu/oms 0 to h an alt>1 !n my agno/ic tea*]s turn$ clean r\nd & told me t m5 _h always be5 9 d>kness & ! sup]/itions ( savages4 ,i f\nd x 0 _! daily taunt aga9/ ,*ri/ianity t x 0 ! light ( "o p & _h left all o!rs to die 9 ! d>k4 ,b ,i also f\nd t x 0 _! special boa/ = !mselves t sci5ce & progress 7 ! discov]y ( "o p1 & t all o!r peoples _h di$ 9 ! d>k4 ,_! *ief insult to ,*ri/ianity 0 actually _! *ief complim5t to !mselves1 & !re seem$ to be a /range unfairness ab\t all _! relative insi/5ce on ! two ?+s4 ,:5 consid]+ "s pagan or agno/ic1 we 7 to rememb] t all m5 _h "o religion2 :5 consid]+ "s my/ic or spirituali/1 we 7 only to consid] :at absurd religions "s m5 _h4 ,we c\ld tru/ ! e?ics ( ,epictetus1 because e?ics _h nev] *ang$4 ,we mu/ n tru/ ! e?ics ( ,bossuet1 because e?ics _h *ang$4 ,!y *ang$ 9 two hundr$ ye>s1 b n 9 two ?\s&4 ,?is began to be al>m+4 ,x look$ n s mu* z if ,*ri/ianity 0 bad en\gh to include any vices1 b r z if any /ick 0 good en\gh to beat ,*ri/ianity )4 ,:at aga9 c\ld ?is a/oni%+ ?+ be l :i* p 7 s anxi\s to contradict1 t 9 do+ s !y did n m9d contradict+ !mselves8 ,i saw ! same ?+ on e side4 ,i c give no fur!r space to ?is discussion ( x 9 detail2 b le/ any "o supposes t ,i h unfairly select$ ?ree accid5tal cases ,i w run briefly ?r\gh a few o!rs4 ,?us1 c]ta9 sceptics wrote t ! great crime ( ,*ri/ianity _h be5 its attack on ! family2 x _h dragg$ wom5 to ! lonel9ess & contemplation ( ! cloi/]1 away f _! homes & _! *ildr54 ,b1 !n1 o!r sceptics 7slightly m advanc$7 said t ! great crime ( ,*ri/ianity 0 =c+ ! family & m>riage ^u u2 t x doom$ wom5 to ! drudg]y ( _! homes & *ildr51 & =bade !m lonel9ess & contemplation4 ,! *>ge 0 actually rev]s$4 ,or1 aga91 c]ta9 phrases 9 ! ,epi/les or ! m>riage s]vice1 7 said by ! anti-,*ri/ians to %[ contempt = woman's intellect4 ,b ,i f\nd t ! anti-,*ri/ians !mselves _h a contempt = woman's intellect2 = x 0 _! great sne] at ! ,*ur* on ! ,cont95t t only wom5 w5t to x4 ,or aga91 ,*ri/ianity 0 reproa*$ ) its nak$ & hungry habits2 ) its sackclo? & dri$ peas4 ,b ! next m9ute ,*ri/ianity 0 be+ reproa*$ ) its pomp & its ritualism2 its %r9es ( porphyry & its robes ( gold4 ,x 0 abus$ = be+ too pla9 & = be+ too col\r$4 ,aga9 ,*ri/ianity _h always be5 accus$ ( re/ra9+ sexuality too mu*1 :5 ,bradlaugh ! ,mal?usian discov]$ t x re/ra9$ x too little4 ,x is (t5 accus$ 9 ! same brea? ( prim respectability & ( religi\s extravagance4 ,betwe5 ! cov]s ( ! same a!i/ic pamphlet ,i h f\nd ! fai? rebuk$ = its disunion1 ,"o ?9ks "o ?+1 & "o ano!r1 & rebuk$ also = its union1 ,x is diff]5ce ( op9ion t prev5ts ! _w f go+ to ! dogs4 ,9 ! same conv]sation a free-?9k]1 a fri5d ( m9e1 blam$ ,*ri/ianity = despis+ ,jews1 & !n despis$ x himself = be+ ,jewi%4 ,i wi%$ to be q fair !n1 & ,i wi% to be q fair n[2 & ,i did n conclude t ! attack on ,*ri/ianity 0 all wrong4 ,i only conclud$ t if ,*ri/ianity 0 wrong1 x 0 v wrong inde$4 ,su* ho/ile horrors might be comb9$ 9 "o ?+1 b t ?+ mu/ be v /range & solit>y4 ,!re are m5 :o are mis]s1 & also sp5d?rifts2 b !y are r>e4 ,!re are m5 s5sual & also ascetic2 b !y are r>e4 ,b if ?is mass ( mad contradictions really exi/$1 quak]i% & blood?ir/y1 too gorge\s & too ?read-b>e1 au/]e1 yet p&]+ prepo/]\sly to ! lu/ ( ! eye1 ! enemy ( wom5 & _! fooli% refuge1 a solemn pessimi/ & a silly optimi/1 if ?is evil exi/$1 !n !re 0 9 ?is evil some?+ q supreme & unique4 ,= ,i f\nd 9 my rationali/ tea*]s no explanation ( su* exceptional corruption4 ,*ri/ianity 7!oretically speak+7 0 9 _! eyes only "o ( ! ord9>y my?s & errors ( mortals4 ,,!y gave me no key to ?is twi/$ & unnatural badness4 ,su* a p>adox ( evil rose to ! /ature ( ! sup]natural4 ,x 01 inde$1 almo/ z sup]natural z ! infallibility ( ! ,pope4 ,an hi/oric in/itution1 :i* nev] w5t "r1 is really q z mu* ( a miracle z an in/itution t _c g wrong4 ,! only explanation :i* imm$iately occurr$ to my m9d 0 t ,*ri/ianity did n come f heav51 b f hell4 ,really1 if ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 n ,*ri/1 ,he mu/ h be5 ,anti*ri/4 ,& !n 9 a quiet h\r a /range ?\ght /ruck me l a /ill ?und]bolt4 ,!re _h sudd5ly come into my m9d ano!r explanation4 ,suppose we he>d an unkn[n man spok5 ( by _m m54 ,suppose we 7 puzzl$ to he> t "s m5 said he 0 too tall & "s too %ort2 "s object$ to 8 fatness1 "s lam5t$ 8 leanness2 "s ?\ght him too d>k1 & "s too fair4 ,"o explanation 7z has be5 already admitt$7 w\ld be t he might be an odd %ape4 ,b !re is ano!r explanation4 ,he might be ! "r %ape4 ,outrage\sly tall m5 might feel him to be %ort4 ,v %ort m5 might feel him to be tall4 ,old bucks :o are gr[+ /\t might consid] him insuffici5tly fill$ out2 old beaux :o 7 gr[+ ?9 might feel t he exp&$ beyond ! n>r[ l9es ( elegance4 ,p]haps ,sw$es 7:o h pale hair l t[7 call$ him a d>k man1 :ile negroes consid]$ him di/9ctly blonde4 ,p]haps 79 %ort7 ?is extraord9>y ?+ is really ! ord9>y ?+2 at lea/ ! normal ?+1 ! c5tre4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 x is ,*ri/ianity t is sane & all its critics t are mad--9 v>i\s ways4 ,i te/$ ?is idea by ask+ myself :e!r !re 0 ab\t any ( ! accus]s any?+ morbid t might expla9 ! accusation4 ,i 0 />tl$ to f9d t ?is key fitt$ a lock4 ,= in/ance1 x 0 c]ta9ly odd t ! mod]n _w *>g$ ,*ri/ianity at once ) bodily au/]ity & ) arti/ic pomp4 ,b !n x 0 also odd1 v odd1 t ! mod]n _w itself comb9$ extreme bodily luxury ) an extreme abs5ce ( arti/ic pomp4 ,! mod]n man ?\ght ,becket's robes too ri* & 8 meals too poor4 ,b !n ! mod]n man 0 really exceptional 9 hi/ory2 no man be=e ev] ate su* elaborate d9n]s 9 su* ugly clo!s4 ,! mod]n man f\nd ! *ur* too simple exactly :]e mod]n life is too complex2 he f\nd ! *ur* too gorge\s exactly :]e mod]n life is too d+y4 ,! man :o dislik$ ! pla9 fa/s & fea/s 0 mad on entrees4 ,! man :o dislik$ ve/m5ts wore a pair ( prepo/]\s tr\s]s4 ,& surely if !re 0 any insanity involv$ 9 ! matt] at all x 0 9 ! tr\s]s1 n 9 ! simply fall+ robe4 ,if !re 0 any insanity at all1 x 0 9 ! extravagant entrees1 n 9 ! bread & w9e4 ,i w5t ov] all ! cases1 & ,i f\nd ! key fitt$ s f>4 ,! fact t ,sw9burne 0 irritat$ at ! unhapp9ess ( ,*ri/ians & yet m irritat$ at _! happ9ess 0 easily expla9$4 ,x 0 no long] a complication ( diseases 9 ,*ri/ianity1 b a complication ( diseases 9 ,sw9burne4 ,! re/ra9ts ( ,*ri/ians sadd5$ him simply because he 0 m h$oni/ ?an a heal?y man %\ld be4 ,! fai? ( ,*ri/ians ang]$ him because he 0 m pessimi/ ?an a heal?y man %\ld be4 ,9 ! same way ! ,mal?usians by in/9ct attack$ ,*ri/ianity2 n because !re is any?+ especially anti-,mal?usian ab\t ,*ri/ianity1 b because !re is some?+ a little anti-human ab\t ,mal?usianism4 ,nev]!less x c\ld n1 ,i felt1 be q true t ,*ri/ianity 0 m]ely s5sible & /ood 9 ! middle4 ,!re 0 really an elem5t 9 x ( emphasis & ev5 fr5zy :i* _h ju/ifi$ ! secul>i/s 9 _! sup]ficial criticism4 ,x might be wise1 ,i began m & m to ?9k t x 0 wise1 b x 0 n m]ely worldly wise2 x 0 n m]ely temp]ate & respectable4 ,its fi]ce crusad]s & meek sa9ts might balance ea* o!r2 /ill1 ! crusad]s 7 v fi]ce & ! sa9ts 7 v meek1 meek beyond all dec5cy4 ,n[1 x 0 j at ?is po9t ( ! speculation t ,i rememb]$ my ?\ghts ab\t ! m>tyr & ! suicide4 ,9 t matt] !re _h be5 ?is comb9ation betwe5 two almo/ insane positions :i* yet someh[ am\nt$ to sanity4 ,?is 0 j su* ano!r contradiction2 & ?is ,i _h already f\nd to be true4 ,?is 0 exactly "o ( ! p>adoxes 9 :i* sceptics f\nd ! cre$ wrong2 & 9 ?is ,i _h f\nd x "r4 ,madly z ,*ri/ians might love ! m>tyr or hate ! suicide1 !y nev] felt ^! passions m madly ?an ,i _h felt !m long be=e ,i dream$ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!n ! mo/ difficult & int]e/+ "p ( ! m5tal process op5$1 & ,i began to trace ?is idea d>kly ?r\gh all ! enorm\s ?\ghts ( our !ology4 ,! idea 0 t :i* ,i _h outl9$ t\*+ ! optimi/ & ! pessimi/2 t we want n an amalgam or compromise1 b bo? ?+s at ! top ( _! en]gy2 love & wra? bo? burn+4 ,"h ,i %all only trace x 9 relation to e?ics4 ,b ,i ne$ n rem9d ! read] t ! idea ( ?is comb9ation is inde$ c5tral 9 or?odox !ology4 ,= or?odox !ology has specially insi/$ t ,*ri/ 0 n a be+ ap>t f ,god & man1 l an elf1 nor yet a be+ half human & half n1 l a c5taur1 b bo? ?+s at once & bo? ?+s ?or\ghly1 v man & v ,god4 ,n[ let me trace ?is notion z ,i f\nd x4 ,all sane m5 c see t sanity is "s k9d ( equilibrium2 t "o may be mad & eat too mu*1 or mad & eat too little4 ,"s mod]ns h inde$ appe>$ ) vague v]sions ( progress & evolution :i* seeks to de/roy ! ,,meson or balance ( ,ari/otle4 ,!y seem to sugge/ t we are meant to />ve progressively1 or to g on eat+ l>g] & l>g] breakfa/s e morn+ = ev]4 ,b ! great truism ( ! ,,meson rema9s = all ?9k+ m51 & ^! p h n upset any balance except _! own4 ,b grant$ t we h all to keep a balance1 ! real int]e/ comes 9 ) ! "q ( h[ t balance c be kept4 ,t 0 ! problem :i* ,paganism tri$ to solve3 t 0 ! problem :i* ,i ?9k ,*ri/ianity solv$ & solv$ 9 a v /range way4 ,paganism decl>$ t virtue 0 9 a balance2 ,*ri/ianity decl>$ x 0 9 a conflict3 ! collision ( two passions app>5tly opposite4 ,( c\rse !y 7 n really inconsi/5t2 b !y 7 su* t x 0 h>d to hold simultane\sly4 ,let u foll[ = a mom5t ! clue ( ! m>tyr & ! suicide2 & take ! case ( c\rage4 ,no quality has ev] s mu* addl$ ! bra9s & tangl$ ! def9itions ( m]ely rational sages4 ,c\rage is almo/ a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,x means a /rong desire to live tak+ ! =m ( a read9ess to die4 ,he t w lose 8 life1 ! same %all save x1 is n a piece ( my/icism = sa9ts & h]oes4 ,x is a piece ( ev]yday advice = sailors or m\nta9e]s4 ,x might be pr9t$ 9 an ,alp9e guide or a drill book4 ,?is p>adox is ! :ole pr9ciple ( c\rage2 ev5 ( q e>?ly or q brutal c\rage4 ,a man cut (f by ! sea may save 8 life if he w risk x on ! precipice4 ,he c only get away f dea? by cont9ually /epp+ )9 an in* ( x4 ,a soldi] surr\nd$ by enemies1 if he is to cut 8 way out1 ne$s to comb9e a /rong desire = liv+ ) a /range c>elessness ab\t dy+4 ,he mu/ n m]ely cl+ to life1 = !n he w be a c[>d1 & w n escape4 ,he mu/ n m]ely wait = dea?1 = !n he w be a suicide1 & w n escape4 ,he mu/ seek 8 life 9 a _s ( furi\s indiff]5ce to x2 he mu/ desire life l wat] & yet dr9k dea? l w9e4 ,no philosoph]1 ,i fancy1 has ev] express$ ?is romantic riddle ) adequate lucidity1 & ,i c]ta9ly h n done s4 ,b ,*ri/ianity has done m3 x has m>k$ ! limits ( x 9 ! awful graves ( ! suicide & ! h]o1 %[+ ! di/ance betwe5 him :o dies = ! sake ( liv+ & him :o dies = ! sake ( dy+4 ,& x has held up ev] s9ce above ! ,european lances ! bann] ( ! my/]y ( *ivalry3 ! ,*ri/ian c\rage1 :i* is a disda9 ( dea?2 n ! ,*9ese c\rage1 :i* is a disda9 ( life4 ,& n[ ,i began to f9d t ?is duplex passion 0 ! ,*ri/ian key to e?ics ev]y:]e4 ,ev]y:]e ! cre$ made a mod]ation out ( ! /ill cra% ( two impetu\s emotions4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! matt] ( mode/y1 ( ! balance betwe5 m]e pride & m]e pro/ration4 ,! av]age pagan1 l ! av]age agno/ic1 w\ld m]ely say t he 0 cont5t ) himself1 b n insol5tly self-satisfi$1 t !re 7 _m bett] & _m worse1 t 8 des]ts 7 limit$1 b he w\ld see t he got !m4 ,9 %ort1 he w\ld walk ) 8 head 9 ! air2 b n necess>ily ) 8 nose 9 ! air4 ,?is is a manly & rational position1 b x is op5 to ! objection we not$ aga9/ ! compromise betwe5 optimism & pessimism--! resignation ( ,mat!w ,arnold4 ,be+ a mixture ( two ?+s1 x is a dilution ( two ?+s2 nei!r is pres5t 9 its full /r5g? or contributes its full col\r4 ,?is prop] pride does n lift ! he>t l ! tongue ( trumpets2 y _c g clad 9 crimson & gold = ?is4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is mild rationali/ mode/y does n cleanse ! s\l ) fire & make x cle> l cry/al2 x does n 7l a /rict & se>*+ humility7 make a man z a little *ild1 :o c sit at ! feet ( ! grass4 ,x does n make him look up & see m>vels2 = ,alice mu/ gr[ small if %e is to be ,alice 9 ,wond]l&4 ,?us x loses bo? ! poetry ( be+ pr\d & ! poetry ( be+ humble4 ,*ri/ianity s\ght by ?is same /range exp$i5t to save bo? ( !m4 ,x sep>at$ ! two ideas & !n exagg]at$ !m bo?4 ,9 "o way ,man 0 to be haughti] ?an he _h ev] be5 be=e2 9 ano!r way he 0 to be humbl] ?an he _h ev] be5 be=e4 ,9 s f> z ,i am ,man ,i am ! *ief ( creatures4 ,9 s f> z ,i am a man ,i am ! *ief ( s9n]s4 ,all humility t _h meant pessimism1 t _h meant man tak+ a vague or mean view ( 8 :ole de/9y--all t 0 to g4 ,we 7 to he> no m ! wail ( ,ecclesia/es t humanity _h no pre-em95ce ov] ! brute1 or ! awful cry ( ,hom] t man 0 only ! sadde/ ( all ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,man 0 a /atue ( ,god walk+ ab\t ! g>d54 ,man _h pre-em95ce ov] all ! brutes2 man 0 only sad because he 0 n a bea/1 b a brok5 god4 ,! ,greek _h spok5 ( m5 creep+ on ! e>?1 z if cl++ to x4 ,n[ ,man 0 to tread on ! e>? z if to subdue x4 ,*ri/ianity ?us held a ?\ght ( ! dignity ( man t c\ld only be express$ 9 cr[ns ray$ l ! sun & fans ( peacock plumage4 ,yet at ! same "t x c\ld hold a ?\ght ab\t ! abject smallness ( man t c\ld only be express$ 9 fa/+ & fanta/ic submission1 9 ! gray a%es ( ,/4 ,dom9ic & ! :ite sn[s ( ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,:5 "o came to ?9k ( ,,"o',s ,,self1 !re 0 vi/a & void en\gh = any am\nt ( bleak abnegation & bitt] tru?4 ,!re ! reali/ic g5tleman c\ld let himself g--z long z he let himself g at himself4 ,!re 0 an op5 playgr\nd = ! happy pessimi/4 ,let him say any?+ aga9/ himself %ort ( blasphem+ ! orig9al aim ( 8 be+2 let him call himself a fool & ev5 a damn$ fool 7?\gh t is ,calv9i/ic72 b he mu/ n say t fools are n wor? sav+4 ,he mu/ n say t a man1 ,,qua man1 c be valueless4 ,"h1 aga9 9 %ort1 ,*ri/ianity got ov] ! difficulty ( comb9+ furi\s opposites1 by keep+ !m bo?1 & keep+ !m bo? furi\s4 ,! ,*ur* 0 positive on bo? po9ts4 ,"o c h>dly ?9k too little ( "o's self4 ,"o c h>dly ?9k too mu* ( "o's s\l4 ,take ano!r case3 ! complicat$ "q ( *>ity1 :i* "s highly un*>itable ideali/s seem to ?9k q easy4 ,*>ity is a p>adox1 l mode/y & c\rage4 ,/at$ baldly1 *>ity c]ta9ly means "o ( two ?+s--p>don+ unp>donable acts1 or lov+ unlovable p4 ,b if we ask ourselves 7z we did 9 ! case ( pride7 :at a s5sible pagan w\ld feel ab\t su* a subject1 we %all probably be beg9n+ at ! bottom ( x4 ,a s5sible pagan w\ld say t !re 7 "s p "o c\ld =give1 & "s "o c\ldn't3 a slave :o /ole w9e c\ld be laugh$ at2 a slave :o betray$ 8 b5efactor c\ld be kill$1 & curs$ ev5 aft] he 0 kill$4 ,9 s f> z ! act 0 p>donable1 ! man 0 p>donable4 ,t aga9 is rational1 & ev5 refre%+2 b x is a dilution4 ,x leaves no place = a pure horror ( inju/ice1 su* z t :i* is a great beauty 9 ! innoc5t4 ,& x leaves no place = a m]e t5d]ness = m5 z m51 su* z is ! :ole fasc9ation ( ! *>itable4 ,*ri/ianity came 9 "h z be=e4 ,x came 9 />tl+ly ) a sword1 & clove "o ?+ f ano!r4 ,x divid$ ! crime f ! crim9al4 ,! crim9al we mu/ =give unto sev5ty times sev54 ,! crime we mu/ n =give at all4 ,x 0 n en\gh t slaves :o /ole w9e inspir$ p>tly ang] & p>tly k9dness4 ,we mu/ be mu* m angry ) !ft ?an be=e1 & yet mu* k9d] to ?ieves ?an be=e4 ,!re 0 room = wra? & love to run wild4 ,& ! m ,i consid]$ ,*ri/ianity1 ! m ,i f\nd t :ile x _h e/abli%$ a rule & ord]1 ! *ief aim ( t ord] 0 to give room = good ?+s to run wild4 ,m5tal & emotional lib]ty are n s simple z !y look4 ,really !y require almo/ z c>eful a balance ( laws & conditions z d social & political lib]ty4 ,! ord9>y ae/hetic an>*i/ :o sets out to feel ev]y?+ freely gets knott$ at la/ 9 a p>adox t prev5ts him feel+ at all4 ,he breaks away f home limits to foll[ poetry4 ,b 9 ceas+ to feel home limits he has ceas$ to feel ! ,odyssey4 ,he is free f national prejudices & outside patriotism4 ,b be+ outside patriotism he is outside ,h5ry ,v4 ,su* a lit]>y man is simply outside all lit]ature3 he is m ( a prison] ?an any bigot4 ,= if !re is a wall betwe5 y & ! _w1 x makes little diff]5ce :e!r y describe y\rself z lock$ 9 or z lock$ out4 ,:at we want is n ! univ]sality t is outside all normal s5tim5ts2 we want ! univ]sality t is inside all normal s5tim5ts4 ,x is all ! diff]5ce betwe5 be+ free f !m1 z a man is free f a prison1 & be+ free ( !m z a man is free ( a city4 ,i am free f ,w9dsor ,ca/le 7t is1 ,i am n =cibly deta9$ !re71 b ,i am by no means free ( t build+4 ,h[ c man be approximately free ( f9e emotions1 able to sw+ !m 9 a cle> space )\t breakage or wrong8 ,,?is 0 ! a*ievem5t ( ?is ,*ri/ian p>adox ( ! p>allel passions4 ,grant$ ! prim>y dogma ( ! w> betwe5 div9e & diabolic1 ! revolt & ru9 ( ! _w1 _! optimism & pessimism1 z pure poetry1 c\ld be loos5$ l cat>acts4 ,/4 ,francis1 9 prais+ all good1 c\ld be a m %\t+ optimi/ ?an ,walt ,:itman4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 9 d5\nc+ all evil1 c\ld pa9t ! _w black] ?an ,s*op5hau]4 ,bo? passions 7 free because bo? 7 kept 9 _! place4 ,! optimi/ c\ld p\r out all ! praise he lik$ on ! gay music ( ! m>*1 ! gold5 trumpets1 & ! purple bann]s go+ into battle4 ,b he mu/ n call ! fight ne$less4 ,! pessimi/ might draw z d>kly z he *ose ! sick5+ m>*es or ! sangu9e w\nds4 ,b he mu/ n call ! fight hopeless4 ,s x 0 ) all ! o!r moral problems1 ) pride1 ) prote/1 & ) compassion4 ,by def9+ its ma9 doctr9e1 ! ,*ur* n only kept seem+ly inconsi/5t ?+s side by side1 b1 :at 0 m1 all[$ !m to break out 9 a sort ( arti/ic viol5ce o!rwise possible only to an>*i/s4 ,meekness grew m dramatic ?an madness4 ,hi/oric ,*ri/ianity rose into a high & /range ,,c\p ,,de ,,!atre ( morality--?+s t are to virtue :at ! crimes ( ,n]o are to vice4 ,! spirits ( indignation & ( *>ity took t]rible & attractive =ms1 rang+ f t monki% fi]c5ess t sc\rg$ l a dog ! fir/ & greate/ ( ! ,plantag5ets1 to ! sublime pity ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 :o1 9 ! (ficial %ambles1 kiss$ ! bloody head ( ! crim9al4 ,poetry c\ld be act$ z well z compos$4 ,?is h]oic & monum5tal mann] 9 e?ics has entirely vani%$ ) sup]natural religion4 ,!y1 be+ humble1 c\ld p>ade !mselves3 b we are too pr\d to be prom95t4 ,our e?ical tea*]s write reasonably = prison re=m2 b we are n likely to see ,mr4 ,cadbury1 or any em95t philan?ropi/1 g into ,read+ ,gaol & embrace ! /rangl$ corpse be=e x is ca/ into ! quicklime4 ,our e?ical tea*]s write mildly aga9/ ! p[] ( millionaires2 b we are n likely to see ,mr4 ,rockefell]1 or any mod]n tyrant1 publicly :ipp$ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,?us1 ! d\ble *>ges ( ! secul>i/s1 ?\gh ?r[+ no?+ b d>kness & confusion on !mselves1 ?r[ a real light on ! fai?4 ,x is true t ! hi/oric ,*ur* has at once emphasis$ celibacy & emphasis$ ! family2 has at once 7if "o may put x s7 be5 fi]cely = hav+ *ildr5 & fi]cely = n hav+ *ildr54 ,x has kept !m side by side l two /rong col\rs1 r$ & :ite1 l ! r$ & :ite ^u ! %ield ( ,/4 ,george4 ,x has always _h a heal?y hatr$ ( p9k4 ,x hates t comb9ation ( two col\rs :i* is ! feeble exp$i5t ( ! philosoph]s4 ,x hates t evolution ( black into :ite :i* is tantam\nt to a dirty gray4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole !ory ( ! ,*ur* on virg9ity might be symboliz$ 9 ! /atem5t t :ite is a col\r3 n m]ely ! abs5ce ( a col\r4 ,all t ,i am urg+ "h c be express$ by say+ t ,*ri/ianity s\ght 9 mo/ ( ^! cases to keep two col\rs coexi/5t b pure4 ,x is n a mixture l russet or purple2 x is r l a %ot silk1 = a %ot silk is always at "r angles1 & is 9 ! patt]n ( ! cross4 ,s x is also1 ( c\rse1 ) ! contradictory *>ges ( ! anti-,*ri/ians ab\t submission & slaught]4 ,x ,,is true t ! ,*ur* told "s m5 to fight & o!rs n to fight2 & x ,,is true t ^? :o f\ght 7 l ?und]bolts & ^? :o did n fight 7 l /atues4 ,all ?is simply means t ! ,*ur* pref]r$ to use its ,sup]m5 & to use its ,tol/oyans4 ,!re mu/ be ,,"s good 9 ! life ( battle1 = s _m good m5 h enjoy$ be+ soldi]s4 ,!re mu/ be ,,"s good 9 ! idea ( non-resi/ance1 = s _m good m5 seem to enjoy be+ ,quak]s4 ,all t ! ,*ur* did 7s f> z t goes7 0 to prev5t ei!r ( ^! good ?+s f ou/+ ! o!r4 ,!y exi/$ side by side4 ,! ,tol/oyans1 hav+ all ! scruples ( monks1 simply became monks4 ,! ,quak]s became a club in/ead ( becom+ a sect4 ,monks said all t ,tol/oy says2 !y p\r$ out lucid lam5tations ab\t ! cruelty ( battles & ! vanity ( rev5ge4 ,b ! ,tol/oyans are n q "r en\gh to run ! :ole _w2 & 9 ! ages ( fai? !y 7 n all[$ to run x4 ,! _w did n lose ! la/ *>ge ( ,sir ,james ,d\glas or ! bann] ( ,joan ! ,maid4 ,& sometimes ?is pure g5tl5ess & ?is pure fi]c5ess met & ju/ifi$ _! juncture2 ! p>adox ( all ! prophets 0 fulfill$1 &1 9 ! s\l ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ! lion lay d[n ) ! lamb4 ,b rememb] t ?is text is too lightly int]pret$4 ,x is con/antly assur$1 especially 9 our ,tol/oyan t5d5cies1 t :5 ! lion lies d[n ) ! lamb ! lion becomes lamb-l4 ,b t is brutal annexation & imp]ialism on ! "p ( ! lamb4 ,t is simply ! lamb absorb+ ! lion in/ead ( ! lion eat+ ! lamb4 ,! real problem is--,c ! lion lie d[n ) ! lamb & /ill reta9 8 royal f]ocity8 ,,t is ! problem ! ,*ur* attempt$2 ,,t is ! miracle %e a*iev$4 ,?is is :at ,i h call$ guess+ ! hidd5 ecc5tricities ( life4 ,?is is kn[+ t a man's he>t is to ! left & n 9 ! middle4 ,?is is kn[+ n only t ! e>? is r\nd1 b kn[+ exactly :]e x is flat4 ,*ri/ian doctr9e detect$ ! oddities ( life4 ,x n only discov]$ ! law1 b x =esaw ! exceptions4 ,^? und]rate ,*ri/ianity :o say t x discov]$ m]cy2 any "o might discov] m]cy4 ,9 fact e "o did4 ,b to discov] a plan = be+ m]ciful & also sev]e-- ,,t 0 to anticipate a /range ne$ ( human nature4 ,= no "o wants to be =giv5 = a big s9 z if x 7 a little "o4 ,any "o might say t we %\ld be nei!r q mis]able nor q happy4 ,b to f9d out h[ f> "o ,,may be q mis]able )\t mak+ x impossible to be q happy--t 0 a discov]y 9 psy*ology4 ,any "o might say1 ,nei!r swagg] nor grovel2 & x w\ld h be5 a limit4 ,b to say1 ,"h y c swagg] & !re y c grovel--t 0 an emancipation4 ,?is 0 ! big fact ab\t ,*ri/ian e?ics2 ! discov]y ( ! new balance4 ,paganism _h be5 l a pill> ( m>ble1 upright because proportion$ ) symmetry4 ,*ri/ianity 0 l a huge & ragg$ & romantic rock1 :i*1 ?\gh x sways on its p$e/al at a t\*1 yet1 because its exagg]at$ excresc5ces exactly balance ea* o!r1 is en?ron$ !re = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 a ,go?ic ca!dral ! columns 7 all diff]5t1 b !y 7 all necess>y4 ,e support seem$ an accid5tal & fanta/ic support2 e buttress 0 a fly+ buttress4 ,s 9 ,*ri/5dom app>5t accid5ts balanc$4 ,becket wore a hair %irt "u 8 gold & crimson1 & !re is mu* to be said = ! comb9ation2 = ,becket got ! b5efit ( ! hair %irt :ile ! p 9 ! /reet got ! b5efit ( ! crimson & gold4 ,x is at lea/ bett] ?an ! mann] ( ! mod]n millionaire1 :o has ! black & ! drab outw>dly = o!rs1 & ! gold next 8 he>t4 ,b ! balance 0 n always 9 "o man's body z 9 ,becket's2 ! balance 0 (t5 di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole body ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,because a man pray$ & fa/$ on ! ,nor!rn sn[s1 fl[]s c\ld be flung at 8 fe/ival 9 ! ,s\!rn cities2 & because fanatics drank wat] on ! s&s ( ,syria1 m5 c\ld /ill dr9k cid] 9 ! or*>ds ( ,engl&4 ,?is is :at makes ,*ri/5dom at once s mu* m p]plex+ & s mu* m int]e/+ ?an ! ,pagan empire2 j z ,ami5s ,ca!dral is n bett] b m int]e/+ ?an ! ,p>!non4 ,if any "o wants a mod]n pro( ( all ?is1 let him consid] ! curi\s fact t1 "u ,*ri/ianity1 ,europe 7:ile rema9+ a unity7 has brok5 up into individual nations4 ,patriotism is a p]fect example ( ?is delib]ate balanc+ ( "o emphasis aga9/ ano!r emphasis4 ,! in/9ct ( ! ,pagan empire w\ld h said1 ,y %all all be ,roman citiz5s1 & gr[ alike2 let ! ,g]man gr[ less sl[ & rev]5t2 ! ,fr5*m5 less exp]im5tal & swift4 ,b ! in/9ct ( ,*ri/ian ,europe says1 ,let ! ,g]man rema9 sl[ & rev]5t1 t ! ,fr5*man may ! m safely be swift & exp]im5tal4 ,we w make an equipoise out ( ^! excesses4 ,! absurdity call$ ,g]many %all correct ! insanity call$ ,france4 ,la/ & mo/ important1 x is exactly ?is :i* expla9s :at is s inexplicable to all ! mod]n critics ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i mean ! mon/r\s w>s ab\t small po9ts ( !ology1 ! e>?quakes ( emotion ab\t a ge/ure or a ^w4 ,x 0 only a matt] ( an in*2 b an in* is ev]y?+ :5 y are balanc+4 ,! ,*ur* c\ld n af=d to sw]ve a hair's bread? on "s ?+s if %e 0 to cont9ue h] great & d>+ exp]im5t ( ! irregul> equilibrium4 ,once let "o idea become less p[]ful & "s o!r idea w\ld become too p[]ful4 ,x 0 no flock ( %eep ! ,*ri/ian %eph]d 0 lead+1 b a h]d ( bulls & tig]s1 ( t]rible ideals & dev\r+ doctr9es1 ea* "o ( !m /rong en\gh to turn to a false religion & lay wa/e ! _w4 ,rememb] t ! ,*ur* w5t 9 specifically = dang]\s ideas2 %e 0 a lion tam]4 ,! idea ( bir? ?r\gh a ,holy ,_s1 ( ! dea? ( a div9e be+1 ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 or ! fulfilm5t ( prophecies1 are ideas :i*1 any "o c see1 ne$ b a t\* to turn !m into some?+ blasphem\s or f]oci\s4 ,! smalle/ l9k 0 let drop by ! artific]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! lion ( ance/ral pessimism bur/ 8 *a9 9 ! =gott5 =e/s ( ! nor?4 ,( ^! !ological equalisations ,i h to speak aft]w>ds4 ,"h x is en\gh to notice t if "s small mi/ake 7 made 9 doctr9e1 huge blund]s might be made 9 human happ9ess4 ,a s5t5ce phras$ wrong ab\t ! nature ( symbolism w\ld h brok5 all ! be/ /atues 9 ,europe4 ,a slip 9 ! def9itions might /op all ! dances2 might )] all ! ,*ri/mas trees or break all ! ,ea/] eggs4 ,doctr9es _h to be def9$ )9 /rict limits1 ev5 9 ord] t man might enjoy g5]al human lib]ties4 ,! ,*ur* _h to be c>eful1 if only t ! _w might be c>eless4 ,?is is ! ?rill+ romance ( ,or?odoxy4 ,p h fall5 into a fooli% habit ( speak+ ( or?odoxy z some?+ heavy1 humdrum1 & safe4 ,!re nev] 0 any?+ s p]il\s or s excit+ z or?odoxy4 ,x 0 sanity3 & to be sane is m dramatic ?an to be mad4 ,x 0 ! equilibrium ( a man beh9d madly ru%+ horses1 seem+ to /oop ?is way & to sway t1 yet 9 e attitude hav+ ! grace ( /atu>y & ! accuracy ( ari?metic4 ,! ,*ur* 9 its e>ly days w5t fi]ce & fa/ ) any w>horse2 yet x is utt]ly unhi/oric to say t %e m]ely w5t mad along "o idea1 l a vulg> fanaticism4 ,%e sw]v$ to left & "r1 s exactly z to avoid enorm\s ob/acles4 ,%e left on "o h& ! huge bulk ( ,arianism1 buttress$ by all ! worldly p[]s to make ,*ri/ianity too worldly4 ,! next in/ant %e 0 sw]v+ to avoid an ori5talism1 :i* w\ld h made x too unworldly4 ,! or?odox ,*ur* nev] took ! tame c\rse or accept$ ! conv5tions2 ! or?odox ,*ur* 0 nev] respectable4 ,x w\ld h be5 easi] to h accept$ ! e>?ly p[] ( ! ,arians4 ,x w\ld h be5 easy1 9 ! ,calv9i/ic sev5te5? c5tury1 to fall into ! bottomless pit ( pr$e/9ation4 ,x is easy to be a madman3 x is easy to be a h]etic4 ,x is always easy to let ! age h its head2 ! difficult ?+ is to keep "o's own4 ,x is always easy to be a mod]ni/2 z x is easy to be a snob4 ,to h fall5 into any ( ^? op5 traps ( error & exagg]ation :i* fa%ion aft] fa%ion & sect aft] sect set along ! hi/oric pa? ( ,*ri/5dom--t w\ld inde$ h be5 simple4 ,x is always simple to fall2 !re are an inf9ity ( angles at :i* "o falls1 only "o at :i* "o /&s4 ,to h fall5 into any "o ( ! fads f ,gno/icism to ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce w\ld inde$ h be5 obvi\s & tame4 ,b to h avoid$ !m all has be5 "o :irl+ adv5ture2 & 9 my vision ! heav5ly *>iot flies ?und]+ ?r\gh ! ages1 ! dull h]esies sprawl+ & pro/rate1 ! wild tru? reel+ b erect4 ,,vii ,,! ,,et]nal ,,revolution ,! foll[+ propositions h be5 urg$3 ,fir/1 t "s fai? 9 our life is requir$ ev5 to improve x2 second1 t "s dissatisfaction ) ?+s z !y are is necess>y ev5 9 ord] to be satisfi$2 ?ird1 t to h ?is necess>y cont5t & necess>y discont5t x is n suffici5t to h ! obvi\s equilibrium ( ! ,/oic4 ,= m]e resignation has nei!r ! gigantic levity ( pleasure nor ! sup]b intol]ance ( pa94 ,!re is a vital objection to ! advice m]ely to gr9 & be> x4 ,! objection is t if y m]ely be> x1 y d n gr94 ,greek h]oes d n gr93 b g>goyles d--because !y are ,*ri/ian4 ,& :5 a ,*ri/ian is pleas$1 he is 79 ! mo/ exact s5se7 frightfully pleas$2 8 pleasure is frightful4 ,*ri/ prophesi$ ! :ole ( ,go?ic ar*itecture 9 t h\r :5 n]v\s & respectable p 7su* p z n[ object to b>rel organs7 object$ to ! %\t+ ( ! gutt]-snipes ( ,j]usalem4 ,he said1 ,if ^! 7 sil5t1 ! v /ones w\ld cry out4 ,"u ! impulse ( ,8 _s arose l a clamor\s *orus ! facades ( ! m$iaeval ca!drals1 ?rong$ ) %\t+ faces & op5 m\?s4 ,! prophecy has fulfill$ itself3 ! v /ones cry out4 ,if ^! ?+s be conc$$1 ?\gh only = argum5t1 we may take up :]e we left x ! ?read ( ! ?\ght ( ! natural man1 call$ by ! ,scot* 7) regrettable famili>ity71 ,! ,old ,man4 ,we c ask ! next "q s obvi\sly 9 front ( u4 ,"s satisfaction is ne$$ ev5 to make ?+s bett]4 ,b :at d we mean by mak+ ?+s bett]8 ,mo/ mod]n talk on ?is matt] is a m]e argum5t 9 a circle--t circle :i* we h already made ! symbol ( madness & ( m]e rationalism4 ,evolution is only good if x produces good2 good is only good if x helps evolution4 ,! elephant /&s on ! tortoise1 & ! tortoise on ! elephant4 ,obvi\sly1 x w n d to take our ideal f ! pr9ciple 9 nature2 = ! simple reason t 7except = "s human or div9e !ory71 !re is no pr9ciple 9 nature4 ,= in/ance1 ! *eap anti-democrat ( to-day w tell y solemnly t !re is no equality 9 nature4 ,he is "r1 b he does n see ! logical add5dum4 ,!re is no equality 9 nature2 also !re is no inequality 9 nature4 ,inequality1 z mu* z equality1 implies a /&>d ( value4 ,to read ari/ocracy into ! an>*y ( animals is j z s5tim5tal z to read democracy into x4 ,bo? ari/ocracy & democracy are human ideals3 ! "o say+ t all m5 are valuable1 ! o!r t "s m5 are m valuable4 ,b nature does n say t cats are m valuable ?an mice2 nature makes no rem>k on ! subject4 ,%e does n ev5 say t ! cat is enviable or ! m\se pitiable4 ,we ?9k ! cat sup]ior because we h 7or mo/ ( u h7 a p>ticul> philosophy to ! effect t life is bett] ?an dea?4 ,b if ! m\se 7 a ,g]man pessimi/ m\se1 he might n ?9k t ! cat _h beat5 him at all4 ,he might ?9k he _h beat5 ! cat by gett+ to ! grave fir/4 ,or he might feel t he _h actually inflict$ frightful puni%m5t on ! cat by keep+ him alive4 ,j z a microbe might feel pr\d ( spread+ a pe/il5ce1 s ! pessimi/ic m\se might exult to ?9k t he 0 r5ew+ 9 ! cat ! torture ( consci\s exi/5ce4 ,x all dep5ds on ! philosophy ( ! m\se4 ,y _c ev5 say t !re is victory or sup]iority 9 nature unless y h "s doctr9e ab\t :at ?+s are sup]ior4 ,y _c ev5 say t ! cat scores unless !re is a sy/em ( scor+4 ,y _c ev5 say t ! cat gets ! be/ ( x unless !re is "s be/ to be got4 ,we _c1 !n1 get ! ideal itself f nature1 & z we foll[ "h ! fir/ & natural speculation1 we w leave out 7= ! pres5t7 ! idea ( gett+ x f ,god4 ,we mu/ h our own vision4 ,b ! attempts ( mo/ mod]ns to express x are highly vague4 ,"s fall back simply on ! clock3 !y talk z if m]e passage ?r\gh "t br\ght "s sup]iority2 s t ev5 a man ( ! fir/ m5tal calibre c>elessly uses ! phrase t human morality is nev] up to date4 ,h[ c any?+ be up to date8-- a date has no "*4 ,h[ c "o say t ,*ri/mas celebrations are n suitable to ! tw5ty-fif? ( a mon?8 ,:at ! writ] meant1 ( c\rse1 0 t ! majority is beh9d 8 fav\rite m9ority--or 9 front ( x4 ,o!r vague mod]n p take refuge 9 mat]ial metaphors2 9 fact1 ?is is ! *ief m>k ( vague mod]n p4 ,n d>+ to def9e _! doctr9e ( :at is good1 !y use physical figures ( spee* )\t /9t or %ame1 &1 :at is wor/ ( all1 seem to ?9k ^! *eap analogies are exquisitely spiritual & sup]ior to ! old morality4 ,?us !y ?9k x intellectual to talk ab\t ?+s be+ high4 ,x is at lea/ ! rev]se ( intellectual2 x is a m]e phrase f a /eeple or a wea!rcock4 ,tommy 0 a good boy is a pure philosophical /atem5t1 wor?y ( ,plato or ,aqu9as4 ,tommy liv$ ! high] life is a gross metaphor f a t5-foot rule4 ,?is1 incid5tally1 is almo/ ! :ole weakness ( ,nietzs*e1 :om "s are repres5t+ z a bold & /rong ?9k]4 ,no "o w d5y t he 0 a poetical & sugge/ive ?9k]2 b he 0 q ! rev]se ( /rong4 ,he 0 n at all bold4 ,he nev] put 8 own mean+ be=e himself 9 bald ab/ract words3 z did ,ari/otle & ,calv91 & ev5 ,k>l ,m>x1 ! h>d1 fe>less m5 ( ?\ght4 ,nietzs*e always escap$ a "q by a physical metaphor1 l a *e]y m9or poet4 ,he said1 beyond good & evil1 because he _h n ! c\rage to say1 m good ?an good & evil1 or1 m evil ?an good & evil4 ,_h he fac$ 8 ?\ght )\t metaphors1 he w\ld h se5 t x 0 nons5se4 ,s1 :5 he describes 8 h]o1 he does n d>e to say1 ! pur] man1 or ! happi] man1 or ! sadd] man1 = all ^! are ideas2 & ideas are al>m+4 ,he says ! upp] man1 or ov] man1 a physical metaphor f acrobats or alp9e climb]s4 ,nietzs*e is truly a v timid ?9k]4 ,he does n really "k 9 ! lea/ :at sort ( man he wants evolution to produce4 ,& if he does n "k1 c]ta9ly ! ord9>y evolutioni/s1 :o talk ab\t ?+s be+ high]1 d n "k ei!r4 ,!n aga91 "s p fall back on %e] submission & sitt+ /ill4 ,nature is go+ to d some?+ "s day2 nobody kn[s :at1 & nobody kn[s :54 ,we h no reason = act+1 & no reason = n act+4 ,if any?+ happ5s x is "r3 if any?+ is prev5t$ x 0 wrong4 ,aga91 "s p try to anticipate nature by do+ some?+1 by do+ any?+4 ,because we may possibly gr[ w+s !y cut (f _! legs4 ,yet nature may be try+ to make !m c5tip$es = all !y "k4 ,la/ly1 !re is a f\r? class ( p :o take :atev] x is t !y happ5 to want1 & say t t is ! ultimate aim ( evolution4 ,& ^! are ! only s5sible p4 ,?is is ! only really heal?y way ) ! ^w evolution1 to "w = :at y want1 & to call ,,t evolution4 ,! only intelligible s5se t progress or advance c h among m51 is t we h a def9ite vision1 & t we wi% to make ! :ole _w l t vision4 ,if y l to put x s1 ! ess5ce ( ! doctr9e is t :at we h ar\nd u is ! m]e me?od & prep>ation = some?+ t we h to create4 ,?is is n a _w1 b r ! mat]ial = a _w4 ,god has giv5 u n s mu* ! col\rs ( a picture z ! col\rs ( a palette4 ,b he has also giv5 u a subject1 a model1 a fix$ vision4 ,we mu/ be cle> ab\t :at we want to pa9t4 ,?is adds a fur!r pr9ciple to our previ\s li/ ( pr9ciples4 ,we h said we mu/ be fond ( ?is _w1 ev5 9 ord] to *ange x4 ,we n[ add t we mu/ be fond ( ano!r _w 7real or imag9>y7 9 ord] to h some?+ to *ange x to4 ,we ne$ n debate ab\t ! m]e words evolution or progress3 p]sonally ,i pref] to call x re=m4 ,= re=m implies =m4 ,x implies t we are try+ to %ape ! _w 9 a p>ticul> image2 to make x some?+ t we see already 9 our m9ds4 ,evolution is a metaphor f m]e automatic unroll+4 ,progress is a metaphor f m]ely walk+ along a road--v likely ! wrong road4 ,b re=m is a metaphor = reasonable & det]m9$ m53 x means t we see a c]ta9 ?+ out ( %ape & we mean to put x into %ape4 ,& we "k :at %ape4 ,n[ "h comes 9 ! :ole collapse & huge blund] ( our age4 ,we h mix$ up two diff]5t ?+s1 two opposite ?+s4 ,progress %\ld mean t we are always *ang+ ! _w to suit ! vision4 ,progress does mean 7j n[7 t we are always *ang+ ! vision4 ,x %\ld mean t we are sl[ b sure 9 br++ ju/ice & m]cy among m53 x does mean t we are v swift 9 d\bt+ ! desirability ( ju/ice & m]cy3 a wild page f any ,prussian sophi/ makes m5 d\bt x4 ,progress %\ld mean t we are always walk+ t[>ds ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,x does mean t ! ,new ,j]usalem is always walk+ away f u4 ,we are n alt]+ ! real to suit ! ideal4 ,we are alt]+ ! ideal3 x is easi]4 ,silly examples are always simpl]2 let u suppose a man want$ a p>ticul> k9d ( _w2 say1 a blue _w4 ,he w\ld h no cause to compla9 ( ! slightness or swiftness ( 8 task2 he might toil = a long "t at ! trans=mation2 he c\ld "w away 79 e s5se7 until all 0 blue4 ,he c\ld h h]oic adv5tures2 ! putt+ ( ! la/ t\*es to a blue tig]4 ,he c\ld h fairy dreams2 ! dawn ( a blue moon4 ,b if he work$ h>d1 t high-m9d$ re=m] w\ld c]ta9ly 7f 8 own po9t ( view7 leave ! _w bett] & blu] ?an he f\nd x4 ,if he alt]$ a blade ( grass to 8 fav\rite col\r e day1 he w\ld get on sl[ly4 ,b if he alt]$ 8 fav\rite col\r e day1 he w\ld n get on at all4 ,if1 aft] read+ a fre% philosoph]1 he />t$ to pa9t ev]y?+ r$ or yell[1 8 "w w\ld be ?r[n away3 !re w\ld be no?+ to %[ except a few blue tig]s walk+ ab\t1 specim5s ( 8 e>ly bad mann]4 ,?is is exactly ! position ( ! av]age mod]n ?9k]4 ,x w be said t ?is is av[$ly a prepo/]\s example4 ,b x is lit]ally ! fact ( rec5t hi/ory4 ,! great & grave *anges 9 our political civilization all belong$ to ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 n to ! lat]4 ,!y belong$ to ! black & :ite epo* :5 m5 believ$ fix$ly 9 ,toryism1 9 ,prote/antism1 9 ,calv9ism1 9 ,re=m1 & n unfrequ5tly 9 ,revolution4 ,& :atev] ea* man believ$ 9 he hamm]$ at /eadily1 )\t scepticism3 & !re 0 a "t :5 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* might h fall51 & ! ,h\se ( ,lords ne>ly fell4 ,x 0 because ,radicals 7 wise en\gh to be con/ant & consi/5t2 x 0 because ,radicals 7 wise en\gh to be ,cons]vative4 ,b 9 ! exi/+ atmosph]e !re is n en\gh "t & tradition 9 ,radicalism to pull any?+ d[n4 ,!re is a great deal ( tru? 9 ,"l ,hugh ,cecil's sugge/ion 7made 9 a f9e spee*7 t ! era ( *ange is ov]1 & t ours is an era ( cons]vation & repose4 ,b probably x w\ld pa9 ,"l ,hugh ,cecil if he realiz$ 7:at is c]ta9ly ! case7 t ours is only an age ( cons]vation because x is an age ( complete unbelief4 ,let beliefs fade fa/ & frequ5tly1 if y wi% in/itutions to rema9 ! same4 ,! m ! life ( ! m9d is unh+$1 ! m ! ma*9]y ( matt] w be left to itself4 ,! net result ( all our political sugge/ions1 ,collectivism1 ,tol/oyanism1 ,neo-,feudalism1 ,communism1 ,an>*y1 ,sci5tific ,bureaucracy--! pla9 fruit ( all ( !m is t ! ,mon>*y & ! ,h\se ( ,lords w rema94 ,! net result ( all ! new religions w be t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& w n 7= heav5 kn[s h[ long7 be dise/abli%$4 ,x 0 ,k>l ,m>x1 ,nietzs*e1 ,tol/oy1 ,cunn+hame ,grahame1 ,b]n>d ,%aw & ,aub]on ,h]b]t1 :o betwe5 !m1 ) b[$ gigantic backs1 bore up ! ?rone ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,we may say broadly t free ?\ght is ! be/ ( all ! safegu>ds aga9/ fre$om4 ,manag$ 9 a mod]n /yle ! emancipation ( ! slave's m9d is ! be/ way ( prev5t+ ! emancipation ( ! slave4 ,tea* him to worry ab\t :e!r he wants to be free1 & he w n free himself4 ,aga91 x may be said t ?is in/ance is remote or extreme4 ,b1 aga91 x is exactly true ( ! m5 9 ! /reets ar\nd u4 ,x is true t ! negro slave1 be+ a debas$ b>b>ian1 w probably h ei!r a human affection ( loyalty1 or a human affection = lib]ty4 ,b ! man we see e day--! work] 9 ,mr4 ,gradgr9d's factory1 ! little cl]k 9 ,mr4 ,gradgr9d's (fice--he is too m5tally worri$ to believe 9 fre$om4 ,he is kept quiet ) revolution>y lit]ature4 ,he is calm$ & kept 9 8 place by a con/ant succession ( wild philosophies4 ,he is a ,m>xian "o day1 a ,nietzs*eite ! next day1 a ,sup]man 7probably7 ! next day2 & a slave e day4 ,! only ?+ t rema9s aft] all ! philosophies is ! factory4 ,! only man :o ga9s by all ! philosophies is ,gradgr9d4 ,x w\ld be wor? 8 :ile to keep 8 comm]cial helotry suppli$ ) sceptical lit]ature4 ,& n[ ,i come to ?9k ( x1 ( c\rse1 ,gradgr9d is fam\s = giv+ libr>ies4 ,he %[s 8 s5se4 ,all mod]n books are on 8 side4 ,z long z ! vision ( heav5 is always *ang+1 ! vision ( e>? w be exactly ! same4 ,no ideal w rema9 long en\gh to be realiz$1 or ev5 p>tly realiz$4 ,! mod]n "y man w nev] *ange 8 environm5t2 = he w always *ange 8 m9d4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is our fir/ requirem5t ab\t ! ideal t[>ds :i* progress is direct$2 x mu/ be fix$4 ,:i/l] us$ to make _m rapid /udies ( a sitt]2 x did n matt] if he tore up tw5ty portraits4 ,b x w\ld matt] if he look$ up tw5ty times1 & ea* "t saw a new p]son sitt+ placidly = 8 portrait4 ,s x does n matt] 7comp>atively speak+7 h[ (t5 humanity fails to imitate its ideal2 = !n all its old failures are fruitful4 ,b x does frightfully matt] h[ (t5 humanity *anges its ideal2 = !n all its old failures are fruitless4 ,! "q !re=e becomes ?is3 ,h[ c we keep ! arti/ discont5t$ ) 8 pictures :ile prev5t+ him f be+ vitally discont5t$ ) 8 art8 ,h[ c we make a man always dissatisfi$ ) 8 "w1 yet always satisfi$ ) work+8 ,h[ c we make sure t ! portrait pa9t] w ?r[ ! portrait out ( w9d[ in/ead ( tak+ ! natural & m human c\rse ( ?r[+ ! sitt] out ( w9d[8 ,a /rict rule is n only necess>y = rul+2 x is also necess>y = rebell+4 ,?is fix$ & famili> ideal is necess>y to any sort ( revolution4 ,man w sometimes act sl[ly ^u new ideas2 b he w only act swiftly ^u old ideas4 ,if ,i am m]ely to float or fade or evolve1 x may be t[>ds some?+ an>*ic2 b if ,i am to riot1 x mu/ be = some?+ respectable4 ,?is is ! :ole weakness ( c]ta9 s*ools ( progress & moral evolution4 ,!y sugge/ t !re has be5 a sl[ movem5t t[>ds morality1 ) an imp]ceptible e?ical *ange 9 e ye> or at e in/ant4 ,!re is only "o great disadvantage 9 ?is !ory4 ,x talks ( a sl[ movem5t t[>ds ju/ice2 b x does n p]mit a swift movem5t4 ,a man is n all[$ to leap up & decl>e a c]ta9 /ate ( ?+s to be intr9sically intol]able4 ,to make ! matt] cle>1 x is bett] to take a specific example4 ,c]ta9 ( ! ideali/ic veget>ians1 su* z ,mr4 ,salt1 say t ! "t has n[ come = eat+ no meat2 by implication !y assume t at "o "t x 0 "r to eat meat1 & !y sugge/ 79 words t c\ld be quot$7 t "s day x may be wrong to eat milk & eggs4 ,i d n discuss "h ! "q ( :at is ju/ice to animals4 ,i only say t :atev] is ju/ice ought1 "u giv5 conditions1 to be prompt ju/ice4 ,if an animal is wrong$1 we ought to be able to ru% to 8 rescue4 ,b h[ c we ru% if we are1 p]haps1 9 advance ( our "t8 ,h[ c we ru% to cat* a tra9 :i* may n arrive = a few c5turies8 ,h[ c ,i d5\nce a man = sk9n+ cats1 if he is only n[ :at ,i may possibly become 9 dr9k+ a glass ( milk8 ,a spl5did & insane ,russian sect ran ab\t tak+ all ! cattle out ( all ! c>ts4 ,h[ c ,i pluck up c\rage to take ! horse out ( my hansom-cab1 :5 ,i d n "k :e!r my evolution>y wat* is only a little fa/ or ! cabman's a little sl[8 ,suppose ,i say to a sweat]1 ,slav]y suit$ "o /age ( evolution4 ,& suppose he answ]s1 ,& sweat+ suits ?is /age ( evolution4 ,h[ c ,i answ] if !re is no et]nal te/8 ,if sweat]s c be beh9d ! curr5t morality1 :y %\ld n philan?ropi/s be 9 front ( x8 ,:at on e>? is ! curr5t morality1 except 9 its lit]al s5se--! morality t is always runn+ away8 ,?us we may say t a p]man5t ideal is z necess>y to ! innovator z to ! cons]vative2 x is necess>y :e!r we wi% ! k+'s ord]s to be promptly execut$ or :e!r we only wi% ! k+ to be promptly execut$4 ,! guillot9e has _m s9s1 b to d x ju/ice !re is no?+ evolution>y ab\t x4 ,! fav\rite evolution>y argum5t f9ds its be/ answ] 9 ! axe4 ,! ,evolutioni/ says1 ,:]e d y draw ! l9e8 ! ,revolutioni/ answ]s1 ,i draw x ,,"h3 exactly betwe5 y\r head & body4 ,!re mu/ at any giv5 mom5t be an ab/ract "r & wrong if any bl[ is to be /ruck2 !re mu/ be some?+ et]nal if !re is to be any?+ sudd54 ,!re=e = all intelligible human purposes1 = alt]+ ?+s or = keep+ ?+s z !y are1 = f\nd+ a sy/em = ev]1 z 9 ,*9a1 or = alt]+ x e mon? z 9 ! e>ly ,fr5* ,revolution1 x is equally necess>y t ! vision %\ld be a fix$ vision4 ,?is is our fir/ requirem5t4 ,:5 ,i _h writt5 ?is d[n1 ,i felt once aga9 ! pres5ce ( some?+ else 9 ! discussion3 z a man he>s a *ur* bell above ! s\nd ( ! /reet4 ,some?+ seem$ to be say+1 ,my ideal at lea/ is fix$2 = x 0 fix$ be=e ! f\ndations ( ! _w4 ,my vision ( p]fection assur$ly _c be alt]$2 = x is call$ ,ed54 ,y may alt] ! place to :i* y are go+2 b y _c alt] ! place f :i* y h come4 ,to ! or?odox !re mu/ always be a case = revolution2 = 9 ! he>ts ( m5 ,god has be5 put "u ! feet ( ,satan4 ,9 ! upp] _w hell once rebell$ aga9/ heav54 ,b 9 ?is _w heav5 is rebell+ aga9/ hell4 ,= ! or?odox !re c always be a revolution2 = a revolution is a re/oration4 ,at any in/ant y may /rike a bl[ = ! p]fection :i* no man has se5 s9ce ,adam4 ,no un*ang+ cu/om1 no *ang+ evolution c make ! orig9al good any ?+ b good4 ,man may h _h concub9es z long z c[s h _h horns3 /ill !y are n a "p ( him if !y are s9ful4 ,m5 may h be5 "u oppression ev] s9ce fi% 7 "u wat]2 /ill !y ought n to be1 if oppression is s9ful4 ,! *a9 may seem z natural to ! slave1 or ! pa9t to ! h>lot1 z does ! plume to ! bird or ! burr[ to ! fox2 /ill !y are n1 if !y are s9ful4 ,i lift my prehi/oric leg5d to defy all y\r hi/ory4 ,y\r vision is n m]ely a fixture3 x is a fact4 ,i paus$ to note ! new co9cid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity3 b ,i pass$ on4 ,i pass$ on to ! next necessity ( any ideal ( progress4 ,"s p 7z we h said7 seem to believe 9 an automatic & imp]sonal progress 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,b x is cle> t no political activity c be enc\rag$ by say+ t progress is natural & inevitable2 t is n a reason = be+ active1 b r a reason = be+ lazy4 ,if we are b\nd to improve1 we ne$ n tr\ble to improve4 ,! pure doctr9e ( progress is ! be/ ( all reasons = n be+ a progressive4 ,b x is to none ( ^! obvi\s comm5ts t ,i wi% prim>ily to call att5tion4 ,! only arre/+ po9t is ?is3 t if we suppose improvem5t to be natural1 x mu/ be fairly simple4 ,! _w might conceivably be work+ t[>ds "o consummation1 b h>dly t[>ds any p>ticul> arrangem5t ( _m qualities4 ,to take our orig9al simile3 ,nature by h]self may be gr[+ m blue2 t is1 a process s simple t x might be imp]sonal4 ,b ,nature _c be mak+ a c>eful picture made ( _m pick$ col\rs1 unless ,nature is p]sonal4 ,if ! end ( ! _w 7 m]e d>kness or m]e light x might come z sl[ly & inevitably z dusk or dawn4 ,b if ! end ( ! _w is to be a piece ( elaborate & arti/ic *i>oscuro1 !n !re mu/ be design 9 x1 ei!r human or div9e4 ,! _w1 ?r\gh m]e "t1 might gr[ black l an old picture1 or :ite l an old coat2 b if x is turn$ into a p>ticul> piece ( black & :ite art-- !n !re is an arti/4 ,if ! di/9ction be n evid5t1 ,i give an ord9>y in/ance4 ,we con/antly he> a p>ticul>ly cosmic cre$ f ! mod]n humanit>ians2 ,i use ! ^w humanit>ian 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 z mean+ "o :o upholds ! claims ( all creatures aga9/ ^? ( humanity4 ,!y sugge/ t ?r\gh ! ages we h be5 gr[+ m & m humane1 t is to say1 t "o aft] ano!r1 gr\ps or sections ( be+s1 slaves1 *ildr51 wom51 c[s1 or :at n1 h be5 gradually admitt$ to m]cy or to ju/ice4 ,!y say t we once ?\ght x "r to eat m5 7we didn't72 b ,i am n "h conc]n$ ) _! hi/ory1 :i* is highly unhi/orical4 ,z a fact1 an?ropophagy is c]ta9ly a decad5t ?+1 n a primitive "o4 ,x is mu* m likely t mod]n m5 w eat human fle% out ( affectation ?an t primitive man ev] ate x out ( ignorance4 ,i am "h only foll[+ ! outl9es ( _! argum5t1 :i* consi/s 9 ma9ta9+ t man has be5 progressively m l5i5t1 fir/ to citiz5s1 !n to slaves1 !n to animals1 & !n 7presumably7 to plants4 ,i ?9k x wrong to sit on a man4 ,soon1 ,i %all ?9k x wrong to sit on a horse4 ,ev5tually 7,i suppose7 ,i %all ?9k x wrong to sit on a *air4 ,t is ! drive ( ! argum5t4 ,& = ?is argum5t x c be said t x is possible to talk ( x 9 t]ms ( evolution or inevitable progress4 ,a p]petual t5d5cy to t\* few] & few] ?+s might--"o feels1 be a m]e brute unconsci\s t5d5cy1 l t ( a species to produce few] & few] *ildr54 ,?is drift may be really evolution>y1 because x is /upid4 ,d>w9ism c be us$ to back up two mad moralities1 b x _c be us$ to back up a s+le sane "o4 ,! k9%ip & competition ( all liv+ creatures c be us$ z a reason = be+ insanely cruel or insanely s5tim5tal2 b n = a heal?y love ( animals4 ,on ! evolution>y basis y may be inhumane1 or y may be absurdly humane2 b y _c be human4 ,t y & a tig] are "o may be a reason = be+ t5d] to a tig]4 ,or x may be a reason = be+ z cruel z ! tig]4 ,x is "o way to tra9 ! tig] to imitate y1 x is a %ort] way to imitate ! tig]4 ,b 9 nei!r case does evolution tell y h[ to treat a tig] reasonably1 t is1 to admire 8 /ripes :ile avoid+ 8 claws4 ,if y want to treat a tig] reasonably1 y mu/ g back to ! g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,= ! ob/9ate rem9d] cont9u$ to recur3 only ! sup]natural has tak5 a sane view ( ,nature4 ,! ess5ce ( all pan!ism1 evolutionism1 & mod]n cosmic religion is really 9 ?is proposition3 t ,nature is our "m4 ,un=tunately1 if y reg>d ,nature z a "m1 y discov] t %e is a /ep-"m4 ,! ma9 po9t ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ?is3 t ,nature is n our "m3 ,nature is our si/]4 ,we c be pr\d ( h] beauty1 s9ce we h ! same fa!r2 b %e has no au?ority ov] u2 we h to admire1 b n to imitate4 ,?is gives to ! typically ,*ri/ian pleasure 9 ?is e>? a /range t\* ( lightness t is almo/ frivolity4 ,nature 0 a solemn "m to ! wor%ipp]s ( ,isis & ,cybele4 ,nature 0 a solemn "m to ,wordswor? or to ,em]son4 ,b ,nature is n solemn to ,francis ( ,assisi or to ,george ,h]b]t4 ,to ,/4 ,francis1 ,nature is a si/]1 & ev5 a y\ng] si/]3 a little1 danc+ si/]1 to be laugh$ at z well z lov$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is h>dly our ma9 po9t at pres5t2 ,i h admitt$ x only 9 ord] to %[ h[ con/antly1 & z x 7 accid5tally1 ! key w\ld fit ! smalle/ doors4 ,our ma9 po9t is "h1 t if !re be a m]e tr5d ( imp]sonal improvem5t 9 ,nature1 x mu/ presumably be a simple tr5d t[>ds "s simple triumph4 ,"o c imag9e t "s automatic t5d5cy 9 biology might "w = giv+ u long] & long] noses4 ,b ! "q is1 d we want to h long] & long] noses8 ,i fancy n2 ,i believe t we mo/ ( u want to say to our noses1 ?us f>1 & no f>!r2 & "h %all ?y pr\d po9t be /ay$3 we require a nose ( su* l5g? z may ensure an int]e/+ face4 ,b we _c imag9e a m]e biological tr5d t[>ds produc+ int]e/+ faces2 because an int]e/+ face is "o p>ticul> arrangem5t ( eyes1 nose1 & m\?1 9 a mo/ complex relation to ea* o!r4 ,proportion _c be a drift3 x is ei!r an accid5t or a design4 ,s ) ! ideal ( human morality & its relation to ! humanit>ians & ! anti-humanit>ians4 ,x is conceivable t we are go+ m & m to keep our h&s (f ?+s3 n to drive horses2 n to pick fl[]s4 ,we may ev5tually be b\nd n to di/urb a man's m9d ev5 by argum5t2 n to di/urb ! sleep ( birds ev5 by c\gh+4 ,! ultimate apo!osis w\ld appe> to be t ( a man sitt+ q /ill1 nor d>+ to /ir = fe> ( di/urb+ a fly1 nor to eat = fe> ( incommod+ a microbe4 ,to s crude a consummation z t we might p]haps unconsci\sly drift4 ,b d we want s crude a consummation8 ,simil>ly1 we might unconsci\sly evolve along ! opposite or ,nietzs*ian l9e ( developm5t--sup]man cru%+ sup]man 9 "o t[] ( tyrants until ! univ]se is sma%$ up = fun4 ,b d we want ! univ]se sma%$ up = fun8 ,is x n q cle> t :at we really hope = is "o p>ticul> managem5t & proposition ( ^! two ?+s2 a c]ta9 am\nt ( re/ra9t & respect1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( en]gy & ma/]y8 ,if our life is ev] really z beautiful z a fairy-tale1 we %all h to rememb] t all ! beauty ( a fairy-tale lies 9 ?is3 t ! pr9ce has a wond] :i* j /ops %ort ( be+ fe>4 ,if he is afraid ( ! giant1 !re is an end ( him2 b also if he is n a/oni%$ at ! giant1 !re is an end ( ! fairy-tale4 ,! :ole po9t dep5ds ^u 8 be+ at once humble en\gh to wond]1 & haughty en\gh to defy4 ,s our attitude to ! giant ( ! _w mu/ n m]ely be increas+ delicacy or increas+ contempt3 x mu/ be "o p>ticul> proportion ( ! two--:i* is exactly "r4 ,we mu/ h 9 u en\gh rev]5ce = all ?+s outside u to make u tread fe>fully on ! grass4 ,we mu/ also h en\gh disda9 = all ?+s outside u1 to make u1 on due occasion1 spit at ! />s4 ,yet ^! two ?+s 7if we are to be good or happy7 mu/ be comb9$1 n 9 any comb9ation1 b 9 "o p>ticul> comb9ation4 ,! p]fect happ9ess ( m5 on ! e>? 7if x ev] comes7 w n be a flat & solid ?+1 l ! satisfaction ( animals4 ,x w be an exact & p]il\s balance2 l t ( a desp]ate romance4 ,man mu/ h j en\gh fai? 9 himself to h adv5tures1 & j en\gh d\bt ( himself to enjoy !m4 ,?is1 !n1 is our second requirem5t = ! ideal ( progress4 ,fir/1 x mu/ be fix$2 second1 x mu/ be composite4 ,x mu/ n 7if x is to satisfy our s\ls7 be ! m]e victory ( "s "o ?+ swall[+ up ev]y?+ else1 love or pride or peace or adv5ture2 x mu/ be a def9ite picture compos$ ( ^! elem5ts 9 _! be/ proportion & relation4 ,i am n conc]n$ at ?is mom5t to d5y t "s su* good culm9ation may be1 by ! con/itution ( ?+s1 res]v$ = ! human race4 ,i only po9t out t if ?is composite happ9ess is fix$ = u x mu/ be fix$ by "s m9d2 = only a m9d c place ! exact proportions ( a composite happ9ess4 ,if ! beatification ( ! _w is a m]e "w ( nature1 !n x mu/ be z simple z ! freez+ ( ! _w1 or ! burn+ up ( ! _w4 ,b if ! beatification ( ! _w is n a "w ( nature b a "w ( art1 !n x involves an arti/4 ,& "h aga9 my contemplation 0 clov5 by ! anci5t voice :i* said1 ,i c\ld h told y all ?is a long "t ago4 ,if !re is any c]ta9 progress x c only be my k9d ( progress1 ! progress t[>ds a complete city ( virtues & dom9ations :]e righte\sness & peace contrive to kiss ea* o!r4 ,an imp]sonal =ce might be lead+ y to a wild]ness ( p]fect flatness or a peak ( p]fect height4 ,b only a p]sonal ,god c possibly be lead+ y 7if1 inde$1 y are be+ l$7 to a city ) j /reets & ar*itectural proportions1 a city 9 :i* ea* ( y c contribute exactly ! "r am\nt ( y\r own col\r to ! _m col\r$ coat ( ,joseph4 ,twice aga91 !re=e1 ,*ri/ianity _h come 9 ) ! exact answ] t ,i requir$4 ,i _h said1 ,! ideal mu/ be fix$1 & ! ,*ur* _h answ]$1 ,m9e is lit]ally fix$1 = x exi/$ be=e any?+ else4 ,i said secondly1 ,x mu/ be arti/ically comb9$1 l a picture2 & ! ,*ur* answ]$1 ,m9e is q lit]ally a picture1 = ,i "k :o pa9t$ x4 ,!n ,i w5t on to ! ?ird ?+1 :i*1 z x seem$ to me1 0 ne$$ = an ,utopia or goal ( progress4 ,& ( all ! ?ree x is inf9itely ! h>de/ to express4 ,p]haps x might be put ?us3 t we ne$ wat*fulness ev5 9 ,utopia1 le/ we fall f ,utopia z we fell f ,ed54 ,we h rem>k$ t "o reason (f]$ = be+ a progressive is t ?+s naturally t5d to gr[ bett]4 ,b ! only real reason = be+ a progressive is t ?+s naturally t5d to gr[ worse4 ,! corruption 9 ?+s is n only ! be/ argum5t = be+ progressive2 x is also ! only argum5t aga9/ be+ cons]vative4 ,! cons]vative !ory w\ld really be q sweep+ & unansw]able if x 7 n = ?is "o fact4 ,b all cons]vatism is bas$ ^u ! idea t if y leave ?+s alone y leave !m z !y are4 ,b y d n4 ,if y leave a ?+ alone y leave x to a torr5t ( *ange4 ,if y leave a :ite po/ alone x w soon be a black po/4 ,if y p>ticul>ly want x to be :ite y mu/ be always pa9t+ x aga92 t is1 y mu/ be always hav+ a revolution4 ,briefly1 if y want ! old :ite po/ y mu/ h a new :ite po/4 ,b ?is :i* is true ev5 ( inanimate ?+s is 9 a q special & t]rible s5se true ( all human ?+s4 ,an almo/ unnatural vigilance is really requir$ ( ! citiz5 because ( ! horrible rapidity ) :i* human in/itutions gr[ old4 ,x is ! cu/om 9 pass+ romance & j\rnalism to talk ( m5 suff]+ "u old tyrannies4 ,b1 z a fact1 m5 h almo/ always suff]$ "u new tyrannies2 "u tyrannies t _h be5 public lib]ties h>dly tw5ty ye>s be=e4 ,?us ,engl& w5t mad ) joy ov] ! patriotic mon>*y ( ,elizabe?2 & !n 7almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds7 w5t mad ) rage 9 ! trap ( ! tyranny ( ,*>les ! ,fir/4 ,s1 aga91 9 ,france ! mon>*y became intol]able1 n j aft] x _h be5 tol]at$1 b j aft] x _h be5 ador$4 ,! son ( ,l\is ! well-belov$ 0 ,l\is ! guillot9$4 ,s 9 ! same way 9 ,engl& 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! ,radical manufactur] 0 entirely tru/$ z a m]e tribune ( ! p1 until sudd5ly we he>d ! cry ( ! ,sociali/ t he 0 a tyrant eat+ ! p l bread4 ,s aga91 we h almo/ up to ! la/ in/ant tru/$ ! newspap]s z organs ( public op9ion4 ,j rec5tly "s ( u h se5 7n sl[ly1 b ) a />t7 t !y are obvi\sly no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,!y are1 by ! nature ( ! case1 ! hobbies ( a few ri* m54 ,we h n any ne$ to rebel aga9/ antiquity2 we h to rebel aga9/ novelty4 ,x is ! new rul]s1 ! capitali/ or ! editor1 :o really hold up ! mod]n _w4 ,!re is no fe> t a mod]n k+ w attempt to ov]ride ! con/itution2 x is m likely t he w ignore ! con/itution & "w beh9d its back2 he w take no advantage ( 8 k+ly p[]2 x is m likely t he w take advantage ( 8 k+ly p[]lessness1 ( ! fact t he is free f criticism & publicity4 ,= ! k+ is ! mo/ private p]son ( our "t4 ,x w n be necess>y = any "o to fight aga9 aga9/ ! proposal ( a c5sor%ip ( ! press4 ,we d n ne$ a c5sor%ip ( ! press4 ,we h a c5sor%ip by ! press4 ,?is />tl+ swiftness ) :i* popul> sy/ems turn oppressive is ! ?ird fact = :i* we %all ask our p]fect !ory ( progress to all[4 ,x mu/ always be on ! look out = e privilege be+ abus$1 = e work+ "r becom+ a wrong4 ,9 ?is matt] ,i am entirely on ! side ( ! revolutioni/s4 ,!y are really "r to be always suspect+ human in/itutions2 !y are "r n to put _! tru/ 9 pr9ces nor 9 any *ild ( man4 ,! *iefta9 *os5 to be ! fri5d ( ! p becomes ! enemy ( ! p2 ! newspap] />t$ to tell ! tru? n[ exi/s to prev5t ! tru? be+ told4 ,"h1 ,i say1 ,i felt t ,i 0 really at la/ on ! side ( ! revolution>y4 ,& !n ,i caught my brea? aga93 = ,i rememb]$ t ,i 0 once aga9 on ! side ( ! or?odox4 ,*ri/ianity spoke aga9 & said3 ,i h always ma9ta9$ t m5 7 naturally backslid]s2 t human virtue t5d$ ( its own nature to ru/ or to rot2 ,i h always said t human be+s z su* g wrong1 especially happy human be+s1 especially pr\d & prosp]\s human be+s4 ,?is et]nal revolution1 ?is suspicion su/a9$ ?r\gh c5turies1 y 7be+ a vague mod]n7 call ! doctr9e ( progress4 ,if y 7 a philosoph] y w\ld call x1 z ,i d1 ! doctr9e ( orig9al s94 ,y may call x ! cosmic advance z mu* z y l2 ,i call x :at x is--! ,fall4 ,i h spok5 ( or?odoxy com+ 9 l a sword2 "h ,i confess x came 9 l a battle-axe4 ,= really 7:5 ,i came to ?9k ( x7 ,*ri/ianity is ! only ?+ left t has any real "r to "q ! p[] ( ! well-nurtur$ or ! well-br$4 ,i h li/5$ (t5 en\gh to ,sociali/s1 or ev5 to democrats1 say+ t ! physical conditions ( ! poor mu/ ( necessity make !m m5tally & morally degrad$4 ,i h li/5$ to sci5tific m5 7& !re are /ill sci5tific m5 n oppos$ to democracy7 say+ t if we give ! poor heal?i] conditions vice & wrong w disappe>4 ,i h li/5$ to !m ) a horrible att5tion1 ) a hide\s fasc9ation4 ,= x 0 l wat*+ a man en]getically saw+ f ! tree ! bran* he is sitt+ on4 ,if ^! happy democrats c\ld prove _! case1 !y w\ld /rike democracy dead4 ,if ! poor are ?us utt]ly demoraliz$1 x may or may n be practical to raise !m4 ,b x is c]ta9ly q practical to disfran*ise !m4 ,if ! man ) a bad b$room _c give a good vote1 !n ! fir/ & swifte/ d$uction is t he %all give no vote4 ,! gov]n+ class may n unreasonably say3 ,x may take u "s "t to re=m 8 b$room4 ,b if he is ! brute y say1 x w take him v little "t to ru9 our c\ntry4 ,!re=e we w take y\r h9t & n give him ! *ance4 ,x fills me ) horrible amusem5t to obs]ve ! way 9 :i* ! e>ne/ ,sociali/ indu/ri\sly lays ! f\ndation ( all ari/ocracy1 expatiat+ bl&ly ^u ! evid5t unfitness ( ! poor to rule4 ,x is l li/5+ to somebody at an ev5+ p>ty apologis+ = ent]+ )\t ev5+ dress1 & expla9+ t he _h rec5tly be5 intoxicat$1 _h a p]sonal habit ( tak+ (f 8 clo!s 9 ! /reet1 & _h1 moreov]1 only j *ang$ f prison uni=m4 ,at any mom5t1 "o feels1 ! ho/ might say t really1 if x 0 z bad z t1 he ne$ n come 9 at all4 ,s x is :5 ! ord9>y ,sociali/1 ) a beam+ face1 proves t ! poor1 aft] _! sma%+ exp]i5ces1 _c be really tru/wor?y4 ,at any mom5t ! ri* may say1 ,v well1 !n1 we won't tru/ !m1 & bang ! door 9 8 face4 ,on ! basis ( ,mr4 ,blat*=d's view ( h]$ity & environm5t1 ! case = ! ari/ocracy is q ov]:elm+4 ,if clean homes & clean air make clean s\ls1 :y n give ! p[] 7= ! pres5t at any rate7 to ^? :o und\bt$ly h ! clean air8 ,if bett] conditions w make ! poor m fit to gov]n !mselves1 :y %\ld n bett] conditions already make ! ri* m fit to gov]n !m8 ,on ! ord9>y environm5t argum5t ! matt] is fairly manife/4 ,! com=table class mu/ be m]ely our vangu>d 9 ,utopia4 ,is !re any answ] to ! proposition t ^? :o h _h ! be/ opportunities w probably be our be/ guides8 ,is !re any answ] to ! argum5t t ^? :o h brea!d clean air _h bett] decide = ^? :o h brea!d f\l8 ,z f> z ,i "k1 !re is only "o answ]1 & t answ] is ,*ri/ianity4 ,only ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* c (f] any rational objection to a complete confid5ce 9 ! ri*4 ,= %e has ma9ta9$ f ! beg9n+ t ! dang] 0 n 9 man's environm5t1 b 9 man4 ,fur!r1 %e has ma9ta9$ t if we come to talk ( a dang]\s environm5t1 ! mo/ dang]\s environm5t ( all is ! commodi\s environm5t4 ,i "k t ! mo/ mod]n manufacture has be5 really occupi$ 9 try+ to produce an abnormally l>ge ne$le4 ,i "k t ! mo/ rec5t biologi/s h be5 *iefly anxi\s to discov] a v small camel4 ,b if we dim9i% ! camel to 8 smalle/1 or op5 ! eye ( ! ne$le to its l>ge/--if1 9 %ort1 we assume ! words ( ,*ri/ to h meant ! v lea/ t !y c\ld mean1 ,8 words mu/ at ! v lea/ mean ?is-- t ri* m5 are n v likely to be morally tru/wor?y4 ,*ri/ianity ev5 :5 wat]$ d[n is hot en\gh to boil all mod]n society to rags4 ,! m]e m9imum ( ! ,*ur* w\ld be a deadly ultimatum to ! _w4 ,= ! :ole mod]n _w is absolutely bas$ on ! assumption1 n t ! ri* are necess>y 7:i* is t5able71 b t ! ri* are tru/wor?y1 :i* 7= a ,*ri/ian7 is n t5able4 ,y w he> ev]la/+ly1 9 all discussions ab\t newspap]s1 companies1 ari/ocracies1 or p>ty politics1 ?is argum5t t ! ri* man _c be brib$4 ,! fact is1 ( c\rse1 t ! ri* man is brib$2 he has be5 brib$ already4 ,t is :y he is a ri* man4 ,! :ole case = ,*ri/ianity is t a man :o is dep5d5t ^u ! luxuries ( ?is life is a corrupt man1 spiritually corrupt1 politically corrupt1 f9ancially corrupt4 ,!re is "o ?+ t ,*ri/ & all ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts h said ) a sort ( savage monotony4 ,!y h said simply t to be ri* is to be 9 peculi> dang] ( moral wreck4 ,x is n demon/rably un-,*ri/ian to kill ! ri* z violators ( def9able ju/ice4 ,x is n demon/rably un-,*ri/ian to cr[n ! ri* z conv5i5t rul]s ( society4 ,x is n c]ta9ly un-,*ri/ian to rebel aga9/ ! ri* or to submit to ! ri*4 ,b x is q c]ta9ly un-,*ri/ian to tru/ ! ri*1 to reg>d ! ri* z m morally safe ?an ! poor4 ,a ,*ri/ian may consi/5tly say1 ,i respect t man's rank1 al?\gh he takes bribes4 ,b a ,*ri/ian _c say1 z all mod]n m5 are say+ at lun* & breakfa/1 a man ( t rank w\ld n take bribes4 ,= x is a "p ( ,*ri/ian dogma t any man 9 any rank may take bribes4 ,x is a "p ( ,*ri/ian dogma2 x also happ5s by a curi\s co9cid5ce t x is a "p ( obvi\s human hi/ory4 ,:5 p say t a man 9 t position w\ld be incorruptible1 !re is no ne$ to br+ ,*ri/ianity into ! discussion4 ,0 ,"l ,bacon a bootblack8 ,0 ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh a cross+ sweep]8 ,9 ! be/ ,utopia1 ,i mu/ be prep>$ = ! moral fall ( any man 9 any position at any mom5t2 especially = my fall f my position at ?is mom5t4 ,mu* vague & s5tim5tal j\rnalism has be5 p\r$ out to ! effect t ,*ri/ianity is ak9 to democracy1 & mo/ ( x is sc>cely /rong or cle> en\gh to refute ! fact t ! two ?+s h (t5 qu>rell$4 ,! real gr\nd ^u :i* ,*ri/ianity & democracy are "o is v mu* deep]4 ,! "o specially & peculi>ly un-,*ri/ian idea is ! idea ( ,c>lyle-- ! idea t ! man %\ld rule :o feels t he c rule4 ,:atev] else is ,*ri/ian1 ?is is hea!n4 ,if our fai? comm5ts on gov]nm5t at all1 its comm5t mu/ be ?is--t ! man %\ld rule :o does ,,n ?9k t he c rule4 ,c>lyle's h]o may say1 ,i w be k+2 b ! ,*ri/ian sa9t mu/ say ,nolo episcop>i4 ,if ! great p>adox ( ,*ri/ianity means any?+1 x means ?is-- t we mu/ take ! cr[n 9 our h&s1 & g hunt+ 9 dry places & d>k corn]s ( ! e>? until we f9d ! "o man :o feels himself unfit to we> x4 ,c>lyle 0 q wrong2 we h n got to cr[n ! exceptional man :o kn[s he c rule4 ,r we mu/ cr[n ! mu* m exceptional man :o kn[s he c't4 ,n[1 ?is is "o ( ! two or ?ree vital def5ces ( work+ democracy4 ,! m]e ma*9]y ( vot+ is n democracy1 ?\gh at pres5t x is n easy to effect any simpl] democratic me?od4 ,b ev5 ! ma*9]y ( vot+ is pr(\ndly ,*ri/ian 9 ?is practical s5se--t x is an attempt to get at ! op9ion ( ^? :o w\ld be too mode/ to (f] x4 ,x is a my/ical adv5ture2 x is specially tru/+ ^? :o d n tru/ !mselves4 ,t enigma is /rictly peculi> to ,*ri/5dom4 ,!re is no?+ really humble ab\t ! abnegation ( ! ,buddhi/2 ! mild ,h9doo is mild1 b he is n meek4 ,b !re is some?+ psy*ologically ,*ri/ian ab\t ! idea ( seek+ = ! op9ion ( ! obscure r ?an tak+ ! obvi\s c\rse ( accept+ ! op9ion ( ! prom95t4 ,to say t vot+ is p>ticul>ly ,*ri/ian may seem some:at curi\s4 ,to say t canvass+ is ,*ri/ian may seem q crazy4 ,b canvass+ is v ,*ri/ian 9 its prim>y idea4 ,x is enc\rag+ ! humble2 x is say+ to ! mode/ man1 ,fri5d1 g up high]4 ,or if !re is "s slight defect 9 canvass+1 t is 9 its p]fect & r\nd$ piety1 x is only because x may possibly neglect to enc\rage ! mode/y ( ! canvass]4 ,ari/ocracy is n an in/itution3 ari/ocracy is a s92 g5]ally a v v5ial "o4 ,x is m]ely ! drift or slide ( m5 into a sort ( natural pomposity & praise ( ! p[]ful1 :i* is ! mo/ easy & obvi\s affair 9 ! _w4 ,x is "o ( ! hundr$ answ]s to ! fugitive p]v]sion ( mod]n =ce t ! prompte/ & bolde/ ag5cies are also ! mo/ fragile or full ( s5sibility4 ,! swifte/ ?+s are ! s(te/ ?+s4 ,a bird is active1 because a bird is s(t4 ,a /one is helpless1 because a /one is h>d4 ,! /one mu/ by its own nature g d[nw>ds1 because h>dness is weakness4 ,! bird c ( its nature g upw>ds1 because fragility is =ce4 ,9 p]fect =ce !re is a k9d ( frivolity1 an air9ess t c ma9ta9 itself 9 ! air4 ,mod]n inve/igators ( miracul\s hi/ory h solemnly admitt$ t a *>act]i/ic ( ! great sa9ts is _! p[] ( levitation4 ,!y might g fur!r2 a *>act]i/ic ( ! great sa9ts is _! p[] ( levity4 ,angels c fly because !y c take !mselves lightly4 ,?is has be5 always ! in/9ct ( ,*ri/5dom1 & especially ! in/9ct ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,rememb] h[ ,fra ,angelico repres5t$ all 8 angels1 n only z birds1 b almo/ z butt]flies4 ,rememb] h[ ! mo/ e>ne/ m$iaeval art 0 full ( light & flutt]+ drap]ies1 ( quick & cap]+ feet4 ,x 0 ! "o ?+ t ! mod]n ,pre-raphaelites c\ld n imitate 9 ! real ,pre-raphaelites4 ,burne-,jones c\ld nev] recov] ! deep levity ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ! old ,*ri/ian pictures ! sky ov] e figure is l a blue or gold p>a*ute4 ,e figure seems ready to fly up & float ab\t 9 ! heav5s4 ,! tatt]$ cloak ( ! begg> w be> him up l ! ray$ plumes ( ! angels4 ,b ! k+s 9 _! heavy gold & ! pr\d 9 _! robes ( purple w all ( _! nature s9k d[nw>ds1 = pride _c rise to levity or levitation4 ,pride is ! d[nw>d drag ( all ?+s into an easy solemnity4 ,"o settles d[n into a sort ( selfi% s]i\sness2 b "o has to rise to a gay self-=getfulness4 ,a man falls into a br[n /udy2 he rea*es up at a blue sky4 ,s]i\sness is n a virtue4 ,x w\ld be a h]esy1 b a mu* m s5sible h]esy1 to say t s]i\sness is a vice4 ,x is really a natural tr5d or lapse into tak+ "o's self gravely1 because x is ! easie/ ?+ to d4 ,x is mu* easi] to write a good ,,times lead+ article ?an a good joke 9 ,,pun*4 ,= solemnity fl[s out ( m5 naturally2 b laught] is a leap4 ,x is easy to be heavy3 h>d to be light4 ,satan fell by ! =ce ( gravity4 ,n[1 x is ! peculi> hon\r ( ,europe s9ce x has be5 ,*ri/ian t :ile x has _h ari/ocracy x has always at ! back ( its he>t treat$ ari/ocracy z a weakness--g5]ally z a weakness t mu/ be all[$ =4 ,if any "o wi%es to appreciate ?is po9t1 let him g outside ,*ri/ianity into "s o!r philosophical atmosph]e4 ,let him1 = in/ance1 comp>e ! classes ( ,europe ) ! ca/es ( ,india4 ,!re ari/ocracy is f> m awful1 because x is f> m intellectual4 ,x is s]i\sly felt t ! scale ( classes is a scale ( spiritual values2 t ! bak] is bett] ?an ! but*] 9 an invisible & sacr$ s5se4 ,b no ,*ri/ianity1 n ev5 ! mo/ ignorant or p]v]se1 ev] sugge/$ t a b>onet 0 bett] ?an a but*] 9 t sacr$ s5se4 ,no ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev] ignorant or extravagant1 ev] sugge/$ t a duke w\ld n be damn$4 ,9 pagan society !re may h be5 7,i d n "k7 "s su* s]i\s division betwe5 ! free man & ! slave4 ,b 9 ,*ri/ian society we h always ?\ght ! g5tleman a sort ( joke1 ?\gh ,i admit t 9 "s great crusades & c\ncils he e>n$ ! "r to be call$ a practical joke4 ,b we 9 ,europe nev] really & at ! root ( our s\ls took ari/ocracy s]i\sly4 ,x is only an occasional non-,european ali5 7su* z ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy1 ! only intellig5t ,nietzs*eite7 :o c ev5 manage = a mom5t to take ari/ocracy s]i\sly4 ,x may be a m]e patriotic bias1 ?\gh ,i d n ?9k s1 b x seems to me t ! ,engli% ari/ocracy is n only ! type1 b is ! cr[n & fl[] ( all actual ari/ocracies2 x has all ! olig>*ical virtues z well z all ! defects4 ,x is casual1 x is k9d1 x is c\rage\s 9 obvi\s matt]s2 b x has "o great m]it t ov]laps ev5 ^!4 ,! great & v obvi\s m]it ( ! ,engli% ari/ocracy is t nobody c\ld possibly take x s]i\sly4 ,9 %ort1 ,i _h spell$ out sl[ly1 z usual1 ! ne$ = an equal law 9 ,utopia2 &1 z usual1 ,i f\nd t ,*ri/ianity _h be5 !re be=e me4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( my ,utopia has ! same amus+ sadness4 ,i 0 always ru%+ out ( my ar*itectural /udy ) plans = a new turret only to f9d x sitt+ up !re 9 ! sunlight1 %9+1 & a ?\s& ye>s old4 ,= me1 9 ! anci5t & p>tly 9 ! mod]n s5se1 ,god answ]$ ! pray]1 ,prev5t u1 ,o ,"l1 9 all our do+s4 ,)\t vanity1 ,i really ?9k !re 0 a mom5t :5 ,i c\ld h inv5t$ ! m>riage v[ 7z an in/itution7 out ( my own head2 b ,i discov]$1 ) a sigh1 t x _h be5 inv5t$ already4 ,b1 s9ce x w\ld be too long a bus9ess to %[ h[1 fact by fact & in* by in*1 my own conception ( ,utopia 0 only answ]$ 9 ! ,new ,j]usalem1 ,i w take ?is "o case ( ! matt] ( m>riage z indicat+ ! conv]g+ drift1 ,i may say ! conv]g+ cra% ( all ! re/4 ,:5 ! ord9>y oppon5ts ( ,socialism talk ab\t impossibilities & alt]ations 9 human nature !y always miss an important di/9ction4 ,9 mod]n ideal conceptions ( society !re are "s desires t are possibly n atta9able3 b !re are "s desires t are n desirable4 ,t all m5 %\ld live 9 equally beautiful h\ses is a dream t may or may n be atta9$4 ,b t all m5 %\ld live 9 ! same beautiful h\se is n a dream at all2 x is a nightm>e4 ,t a man %\ld love all old wom5 is an ideal t may n be atta9able4 ,b t a man %\ld reg>d all old wom5 exactly z he reg>ds 8 "m is n only an unatta9able ideal1 b an ideal :i* ought n to be atta9$4 ,i d n "k if ! read] agrees ) me 9 ^! examples2 b ,i w add ! example :i* has always affect$ me mo/4 ,i c\ld nev] conceive or tol]ate any ,utopia :i* did n leave to me ! lib]ty = :i* ,i *iefly c>e1 ! lib]ty to b9d myself4 ,complete an>*y w\ld n m]ely make x impossible to h any discipl9e or fidelity2 x w\ld also make x impossible to h any fun4 ,to take an obvi\s in/ance1 x w\ld n be wor? :ile to bet if a bet 7 n b9d+4 ,! dissolution ( all contracts w\ld n only ru9 morality b spoil sport4 ,n[ bett+ & su* sports are only ! /unt$ & twi/$ %apes ( ! orig9al in/9ct ( man = adv5ture & romance1 ( :i* mu* has be5 said 9 ^! pages4 ,& ! p]ils1 rew>ds1 puni%m5ts1 & fulfilm5ts ( an adv5ture mu/ be real1 or ! adv5ture is only a %ift+ & he>tless nightm>e4 ,if ,i bet ,i mu/ be made to pay1 or !re is no poetry 9 bett+4 ,if ,i *all5ge ,i mu/ be made to fight1 or !re is no poetry 9 *all5g+4 ,if ,i v[ to be fai?ful ,i mu/ be curs$ :5 ,i am unfai?ful1 or !re is no fun 9 v[+4 ,y c\ld n ev5 make a fairy tale f ! exp]i5ces ( a man :o1 :5 he 0 swall[$ by a :ale1 might f9d himself at ! top ( ! ,eiffel ,t[]1 or :5 he 0 turn$ into a frog might beg9 to behave l a flam+o4 ,= ! purpose ev5 ( ! wilde/ romance results mu/ be real2 results mu/ be irrevocable4 ,*ri/ian m>riage is ! great example ( a real & irrevocable result2 & t is :y x is ! *ief subject & c5tre ( all our romantic writ+4 ,& ?is is my la/ in/ance ( ! ?+s t ,i %\ld ask1 & ask imp]atively1 ( any social p>adise2 ,i %\ld ask to be kept to my b>ga91 to h my oa?s & engagem5ts tak5 s]i\sly2 ,i %\ld ask ,utopia to av5ge my hon\r on myself4 ,all my mod]n ,utopian fri5ds look at ea* o!r r d\btfully1 = _! ultimate hope is ! dissolution ( all special ties4 ,b aga9 ,i seem to he>1 l a k9d ( e*o1 an answ] f beyond ! _w4 ,y w h real obligations1 & !re=e real adv5tures :5 y get to my ,utopia4 ,b ! h>de/ obligation & ! /eepe/ adv5ture is to get !re4 ,,viii ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,or?odoxy ,x is cu/om>y to compla9 ( ! bu/le & /r5u\sness ( our epo*4 ,b 9 tru? ! *ief m>k ( our epo* is a pr(\nd laz9ess & fatigue2 & ! fact is t ! real laz9ess is ! cause ( ! app>5t bu/le4 ,take "o q ext]nal case2 ! /reets are noisy ) taxicabs & motorc>s2 b ?is is n due to human activity b to human repose4 ,!re w\ld be less bu/le if !re 7 m activity1 if p 7 simply walk+ ab\t4 ,our _w w\ld be m sil5t if x 7 m /r5u\s4 ,& ?is :i* is true ( ! app>5t physical bu/le is true also ( ! app>5t bu/le ( ! intellect4 ,mo/ ( ! ma*9]y ( mod]n language is lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y2 & x saves m5tal lab\r v mu* m ?an x ought4 ,sci5tific phrases are us$ l sci5tific :eels & pi/on-rods to make swift] & smoo!r yet ! pa? ( ! com=table4 ,long words g rattl+ by u l long railway tra9s4 ,we "k !y are c>ry+ ?\s&s :o are too tir$ or too indol5t to walk & ?9k = !mselves4 ,x is a good ex]cise to try = once 9 a way to express any op9ion "o holds 9 words ( "o syllable4 ,if y say ,! social utility ( ! indet]m9ate s5t5ce is recogniz$ by all crim9ologi/s z a "p ( our sociological evolution t[>ds a m humane & sci5tific view ( puni%m5t1 y c g on talk+ l t = h\rs ) h>dly a movem5t ( ! gray matt] inside y\r skull4 ,b if y beg9 ,i wi% ,jones to g to gaol & ,br[n to say :5 ,jones %all come out1 y w discov]1 ) a ?rill ( horror1 t y are oblig$ to ?9k4 ,! long words are n ! h>d words1 x is ! %ort words t are h>d4 ,!re is mu* m metaphysical subtlety 9 ! ^w damn ?an 9 ! ^w deg5]ation4 ,b ^! long com=table words t save mod]n p ! toil ( reason+ h "o p>ticul> aspect 9 :i* !y are especially ru9\s & confus+4 ,?is difficulty occurs :5 ! same long ^w is us$ 9 diff]5t connections to mean q diff]5t ?+s4 ,?us1 to take a well-kn[n in/ance1 ! ^w ideali/ has "o mean+ z a piece ( philosophy & q ano!r z a piece ( moral rhetoric4 ,9 ! same way ! sci5tific mat]iali/s h _h j reason to compla9 ( p mix+ up mat]iali/ z a t]m ( cosmology ) mat]iali/ z a moral taunt4 ,s1 to take a *eap] in/ance1 ! man :o hates progressives 9 ,london always calls himself a progressive 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,a confusion q z unmean+ z ?is has aris5 9 connection ) ! ^w lib]al z appli$ to religion & z appli$ to politics & society4 ,x is (t5 sugge/$ t all ,lib]als ought to be free?9k]s1 because !y ought to love ev]y?+ t is free4 ,y might j z well say t all ideali/s ought to be ,high ,*ur*m51 because !y ought to love ev]y?+ t is high4 ,y might z well say t ,l[ ,*ur*m5 ought to l ,l[ ,mass1 or t ,broad ,*ur*m5 ought to l broad jokes4 ,! ?+ is a m]e accid5t ( words4 ,9 actual mod]n ,europe a free?9k] does n mean a man :o ?9ks = himself4 ,x means a man :o1 hav+ ?\ght = himself1 has come to "o p>ticul> class ( conclusions1 ! mat]ial orig9 ( ph5om5a1 ! impossibility ( miracles1 ! improbability ( p]sonal immortality & s on4 ,& none ( ^! ideas are p>ticul>ly lib]al4 ,nay1 inde$ almo/ all ^! ideas are def9itely illib]al1 z x is ! purpose ( ?is *apt] to %[4 ,9 ! few foll[+ pages ,i propose to po9t out z rapidly z possible t on e s+le "o ( ! matt]s mo/ /rongly insi/$ on by lib]alis]s ( !ology _! effect ^u social practice w\ld be def9itely illib]al4 ,almo/ e contempor>y proposal to br+ fre$om into ! *ur* is simply a proposal to br+ tyranny into ! _w4 ,= free+ ! *ur* n[ does n ev5 mean free+ x 9 all directions4 ,x means free+ t peculi> set ( dogmas loosely call$ sci5tific1 dogmas ( monism1 ( pan!ism1 or ( ,arianism1 or ( necessity4 ,& e "o ( ^! 7& we w take !m "o by "o7 c be %[n to be ! natural ally ( oppression4 ,9 fact1 x is a rem>kable circum/ance 7inde$ n s v rem>kable :5 "o comes to ?9k ( x7 t mo/ ?+s are ! allies ( oppression4 ,!re is only "o ?+ t c nev] g pa/ a c]ta9 po9t 9 its alliance ) oppression--& t is or?odoxy4 ,i may1 x is true1 twi/ or?odoxy s z p>tly to ju/ify a tyrant4 ,b ,i c easily make up a ,g]man philosophy to ju/ify him entirely4 ,n[ let u take 9 ord] ! innovations t are ! notes ( ! new !ology or ! mod]ni/ *ur*4 ,we conclud$ ! la/ *apt] ) ! discov]y ( "o ( !m4 ,! v doctr9e :i* is call$ ! mo/ old-fa%ion$ 0 f\nd to be ! only safegu>d ( ! new democracies ( ! e>?4 ,! doctr9e seem+ly mo/ unpopul> 0 f\nd to be ! only /r5g? ( ! p4 ,9 %ort1 we f\nd t ! only logical negation ( olig>*y 0 9 ! affirmation ( orig9al s94 ,s x is1 ,i ma9ta91 9 all ! o!r cases4 ,i take ! mo/ obvi\s in/ance fir/1 ! case ( miracles4 ,= "s extraord9>y reason1 !re is a fix$ notion t x is m lib]al to disbelieve 9 miracles ?an to believe 9 !m4 ,:y1 ,i _c imag9e1 nor c anybody tell me4 ,= "s inconceivable cause a broad or lib]al cl]gyman always means a man :o wi%es at lea/ to dim9i% ! numb] ( miracles2 x nev] means a man :o wi%es to increase t numb]4 ,x always means a man :o is free to disbelieve t ,*ri/ came out ( ,8 grave2 x nev] means a man :o is free to believe t 8 own aunt came out ( h] grave4 ,x is common to f9d tr\ble 9 a p>i% because ! p>i% prie/ _c admit t ,/4 ,pet] walk$ on wat]2 yet h[ r>ely d we f9d tr\ble 9 a p>i% because ! cl]gyman says t 8 fa!r walk$ on ! ,s]p5t9e8 ,& ?is is n because 7z ! swift secul>i/ debat] w\ld imm$iately retort7 miracles _c be believ$ 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,x is n because miracles d n happ51 z 9 ! dogma :i* ,mat!w ,arnold recit$ ) simple fai?4 ,m sup]natural ?+s are ,,alleg$ to h happ5$ 9 our "t ?an w\ld h be5 possible eighty ye>s ago4 ,m5 ( sci5ce believe 9 su* m>vels mu* m ?an !y did3 ! mo/ p]plex+1 & ev5 horrible1 prodigies ( m9d & _s are always be+ unveil$ 9 mod]n psy*ology4 ,?+s t ! old sci5ce at lea/ w\ld frankly h reject$ z miracles are h\rly be+ ass]t$ by ! new sci5ce4 ,! only ?+ :i* is /ill old-fa%ion$ en\gh to reject miracles is ! ,new ,!ology4 ,b 9 tru? ?is notion t x is free to d5y miracles has no?+ to d ) ! evid5ce = or aga9/ !m4 ,x is a lifeless v]bal prejudice ( :i* ! orig9al life & beg9n+ 0 n 9 ! fre$om ( ?\ght1 b simply 9 ! dogma ( mat]ialism4 ,! man ( ! n9ete5? c5tury did n disbelieve 9 ! ,resurrection because 8 lib]al ,*ri/ianity all[$ him to d\bt x4 ,he disbeliev$ 9 x because 8 v /rict mat]ialism did n all[ him to believe x4 ,t5nyson1 a v typical n9ete5? c5tury man1 utt]$ "o ( ! in/9ctive truisms ( 8 contempor>ies :5 he said t !re 0 fai? 9 _! hone/ d\bt4 ,!re 0 inde$4 ,^? words h a pr(\nd & ev5 a horrible tru?4 ,9 _! d\bt ( miracles !re 0 a fai? 9 a fix$ & godless fate2 a deep & s9c]e fai? 9 ! incurable r\t9e ( ! cosmos4 ,! d\bts ( ! agno/ic 7 only ! dogmas ( ! moni/4 ,( ! fact & evid5ce ( ! sup]natural ,i w speak aft]w>ds4 ,"h we are only conc]n$ ) ?is cle> po9t2 t 9 s f> z ! lib]al idea ( fre$om c be said to be on ei!r side 9 ! discussion ab\t miracles1 x is obvi\sly on ! side ( miracles4 ,re=m or 79 ! only tol]able s5se7 progress means simply ! gradual control ( matt] by m9d4 ,a miracle simply means ! swift control ( matt] by m9d4 ,if y wi% to fe$ ! p1 y may ?9k t fe$+ !m miracul\sly 9 ! wild]ness is impossible--b y _c ?9k x illib]al4 ,if y really want poor *ildr5 to g to ! seaside1 y _c ?9k x illib]al t !y %\ld g !re on fly+ dragons2 y c only ?9k x unlikely4 ,a holiday1 l ,lib]alism1 only means ! lib]ty ( man4 ,a miracle only means ! lib]ty ( ,god4 ,y may consci5ti\sly d5y ei!r ( !m1 b y _c call y\r d5ial a triumph ( ! lib]al idea4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* believ$ t man & ,god bo? _h a sort ( spiritual fre$om4 ,calv9ism took away ! fre$om f man1 b left x to ,god4 ,sci5tific mat]ialism b9ds ! ,creator ,himself2 x *a9s up ,god z ! ,apocalypse *a9$ ! devil4 ,x leaves no?+ free 9 ! univ]se4 ,& ^? :o assi/ ?is process are call$ ! lib]al !ologians4 ,?is1 z ,i say1 is ! lighte/ & mo/ evid5t case4 ,! assumption t !re is some?+ 9 ! d\bt ( miracles ak9 to lib]ality or re=m is lit]ally ! opposite ( ! tru?4 ,if a man _c believe 9 miracles !re is an end ( ! matt]2 he is n p>ticul>ly lib]al1 b he is p]fectly hon\rable & logical1 :i* are mu* bett] ?+s4 ,b if he c believe 9 miracles1 he is c]ta9ly ! m lib]al = do+ s2 because !y mean fir/1 ! fre$om ( ! s\l1 & secondly1 its control ov] ! tyranny ( circum/ance4 ,sometimes ?is tru? is ignor$ 9 a s+ul>ly naive way1 ev5 by ! able/ m54 ,= in/ance1 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw speaks ) he>ty old-fa%ion$ contempt = ! idea ( miracles1 z if !y 7 a sort ( brea* ( fai? on ! "p ( nature3 he seems /rangely unconsci\s t miracles are only ! f9al fl[]s ( 8 own fav\rite tree1 ! doctr9e ( ! omnipot5ce ( w4 ,j 9 ! same way he calls ! desire = immortality a paltry selfi%ness1 =gett+ t he has j call$ ! desire = life a heal?y & h]oic selfi%ness4 ,h[ c x be noble to wi% to make "o's life inf9ite & yet mean to wi% to make x immortal8 ,no1 if x is desirable t man %\ld triumph ov] ! cruelty ( nature or cu/om1 !n miracles are c]ta9ly desirable2 we w discuss aft]w>ds :e!r !y are possible4 ,b ,i mu/ pass on to ! l>g] cases ( ?is curi\s error2 ! notion t ! lib]alis+ ( religion 9 "s way helps ! lib]ation ( ! _w4 ,! second example ( x c be f\nd 9 ! "q ( pan!ism--or r ( a c]ta9 mod]n attitude :i* is (t5 call$ imman5tism1 & :i* (t5 is ,buddhism4 ,b ?is is s mu* m difficult a matt] t ,i mu/ approa* x ) r m prep>ation4 ,! ?+s said mo/ confid5tly by advanc$ p]sons to cr[d$ audi5ces are g5]ally ^? q opposite to ! fact2 x is actually our truisms t are untrue4 ,"h is a case4 ,!re is a phrase ( facile lib]ality utt]$ aga9 & aga9 at e?ical societies & p>liam5ts ( religion3 ! religions ( ! e>? diff] 9 rites & =ms1 b !y are ! same 9 :at !y tea*4 ,x is false2 x is ! opposite ( ! fact4 ,! religions ( ! e>? d n greatly diff] 9 rites & =ms2 !y d greatly diff] 9 :at !y tea*4 ,x is z if a man 7 to say1 ,d n be misl$ by ! fact t ! ,,*ur* ,,times & ! ,,free?9k] look utt]ly diff]5t1 t "o is pa9t$ on vellum & ! o!r c>v$ on m>ble1 t "o is triangul> & ! o!r hectagonal2 read !m & y w see t !y say ! same ?+4 ,! tru? is1 ( c\rse1 t !y are alike 9 ev]y?+ except 9 ! fact t !y don't say ! same ?+4 ,an a!i/ /ockbrok] 9 ,surbiton looks exactly l a ,sw$5borgian /ockbrok] 9 ,wimbl$on4 ,y may walk r\nd & r\nd !m & subject !m to ! mo/ p]sonal & (f5sive /udy )\t see+ any?+ ,sw$5borgian 9 ! hat or any?+ p>ticul>ly godless 9 ! umbrella4 ,x is exactly 9 _! s\ls t !y are divid$4 ,s ! tru? is t ! difficulty ( all ! cre$s ( ! e>? is n z alleg$ 9 ?is *eap maxim3 t !y agree 9 mean+1 b diff] 9 ma*9]y4 ,x is exactly ! opposite4 ,!y agree 9 ma*9]y2 almo/ e great religion on e>? works ) ! same ext]nal me?ods1 ) prie/s1 scriptures1 alt>s1 sworn bro!rhoods1 special fea/s4 ,!y agree 9 ! mode ( tea*+2 :at !y diff] ab\t is ! ?+ to be taught4 ,pagan optimi/s & ,ea/]n pessimi/s w\ld bo? h temples1 j z ,lib]als & ,tories w\ld bo? h newspap]s4 ,cre$s t exi/ to de/roy ea* o!r bo? h scriptures1 j z armies t exi/ to de/roy ea* o!r bo? h guns4 ,! great example ( ?is alleg$ id5tity ( all human religions is ! alleg$ spiritual id5tity ( ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,^? :o adopt ?is !ory g5]ally avoid ! e?ics ( mo/ o!r cre$s1 except1 inde$1 ,confucianism1 :i* !y l because x is n a cre$4 ,b !y are cauti\s 9 _! praises ( ,mahomm$anism1 g5]ally conf9+ !mselves to impos+ its morality only ^u ! refre%m5t ( ! l[] classes4 ,!y seldom sugge/ ! ,mahomm$an view ( m>riage 7= :i* !re is a great deal to be said71 & t[>ds ,?ugs & feti% wor%ipp]s _! attitude may ev5 be call$ cold4 ,b 9 ! case ( ! great religion ( ,gautama !y feel s9c]ely a simil>ity4 ,/ud5ts ( popul> sci5ce1 l ,mr4 ,blat*=d1 are always insi/+ t ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism are v mu* alike1 especially ,buddhism4 ,?is is g5]ally believ$1 & ,i believ$ x myself until ,i read a book giv+ ! reasons = x4 ,! reasons 7 ( two k9ds3 resemblances t meant no?+ because !y 7 common to all humanity1 & resemblances :i* 7 n resemblances at all4 ,! au?or solemnly expla9$ t ! two cre$s 7 alike 9 ?+s 9 :i* all cre$s are alike1 or else he describ$ !m z alike 9 "s po9t 9 :i* !y are q obvi\sly diff]5t4 ,?us1 z a case ( ! fir/ class1 he said t bo? ,*ri/ & ,buddha 7 call$ by ! div9e voice com+ out ( ! sky1 z if y w\ld expect ! div9e voice to come out ( ! coal-cell>4 ,or1 aga91 x 0 gravely urg$ t ^! two ,ea/]n tea*]s1 by a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 bo? _h to d ) ! wa%+ ( feet4 ,y might z well say t x 0 a rem>kable co9cid5ce t !y bo? _h feet to wa%4 ,& ! o!r class ( simil>ities 7 ^? :i* simply 7 n simil>4 ,?us ?is reconcil] ( ! two religions draws e>ne/ att5tion to ! fact t at c]ta9 religi\s fea/s ! robe ( ! ,lama is r5t 9 pieces out ( respect1 & ! remnants highly valu$4 ,b ?is is ! rev]se ( a resemblance1 = ! g>m5ts ( ,*ri/ 7 n r5t 9 pieces out ( respect1 b out ( d]ision2 & ! remnants 7 n highly valu$ except = :at !y w\ld fet* 9 ! rag %ops4 ,x is r l allud+ to ! obvi\s connection betwe5 ! two c]emonies ( ! sword3 :5 x taps a man's %\ld]1 & :5 x cuts (f 8 head4 ,x is n at all simil> = ! man4 ,^! scraps ( pu]ile p$antry w\ld inde$ matt] little if x 7 n also true t ! alleg$ philosophical resemblances are also ( ^! two k9ds1 ei!r prov+ too mu* or n prov+ any?+4 ,t ,buddhism approves ( m]cy or ( self-re/ra9t is n to say t x is specially l ,*ri/ianity2 x is only to say t x is n utt]ly unlike all human exi/5ce4 ,buddhi/s disapprove 9 !ory ( cruelty or excess because all sane human be+s disapprove 9 !ory ( cruelty or excess4 ,b to say t ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity give ! same philosophy ( ^! ?+s is simply false4 ,all humanity does agree t we are 9 a net ( s94 ,mo/ ( humanity agrees t !re is "s way out4 ,b z to :at is ! way out1 ,i d n ?9k t !re are two in/itutions 9 ! univ]se :i* contradict ea* o!r s flatly z ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,ev5 :5 ,i ?\ght1 ) mo/ o!r well-in=m$1 ?\gh uns*ol>ly1 p1 t ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity 7 alike1 !re 0 "o ?+ ab\t !m t always p]plex$ me2 ,i mean ! />tl+ diff]5ce 9 _! type ( religi\s art4 ,i d n mean 9 its te*nical /yle ( repres5tation1 b 9 ! ?+s t x 0 manife/ly meant to repres5t4 ,no two ideals c\ld be m opposite ?an a ,*ri/ian sa9t 9 a ,go?ic ca!dral & a ,buddhi/ sa9t 9 a ,*9ese temple4 ,! opposition exi/s at e po9t2 b p]haps ! %orte/ /atem5t ( x is t ! ,buddhi/ sa9t always has 8 eyes %ut1 :ile ! ,*ri/ian sa9t always has !m v wide op54 ,! ,buddhi/ sa9t has a sleek & h>moni\s body1 b 8 eyes are heavy & seal$ ) sleep4 ,! m$iaeval sa9t's body is wa/$ to its crazy bones1 b 8 eyes are frightfully alive4 ,!re _c be any real community ( _s betwe5 =ces t produc$ symbols s diff]5t z t4 ,grant$ t bo? images are extravagances1 are p]v]sions ( ! pure cre$1 x mu/ be a real div]g5ce :i* c\ld produce su* opposite extravagances4 ,! ,buddhi/ is look+ ) a peculi> int5tness inw>ds4 ,! ,*ri/ian is />+ ) a frantic int5tness outw>ds4 ,if we foll[ t clue /eadily we %all f9d "s int]e/+ ?+s4 ,a %ort "t ago ,mrs4 ,besant1 9 an int]e/+ essay1 ann\nc$ t !re 0 only "o religion 9 ! _w1 t all fai?s 7 only v]sions or p]v]sions ( x1 & t %e 0 q prep>$ to say :at x 04 ,accord+ to ,mrs4 ,besant ?is univ]sal ,*ur* is simply ! univ]sal self4 ,x is ! doctr9e t we are really all "o p]son2 t !re are no real walls ( individuality betwe5 man & man4 ,if ,i may put x s1 %e does n tell u to love our neighb\rs2 %e tells u to be our neighb\rs4 ,t is ,mrs4 ,besant's ?\ghtful & sugge/ive description ( ! religion 9 :i* all m5 mu/ f9d !mselves 9 agreem5t4 ,& ,i nev] he>d ( any sugge/ion 9 my life ) :i* ,i m viol5tly disagree4 ,i want to love my neighb\r n because he is ,i1 b precisely because he is n ,i4 ,i want to adore ! _w1 n z "o likes a look+-glass1 because x is "o's self1 b z "o loves a woman1 because %e is entirely diff]5t4 ,if s\ls are sep>ate love is possible4 ,if s\ls are unit$ love is obvi\sly impossible4 ,a man may be said loosely to love himself1 b he c h>dly fall 9 love ) himself1 or1 if he does1 x mu/ be a monoton\s c\rt%ip4 ,if ! _w is full ( real selves1 !y c be really unselfi% selves4 ,b ^u ,mrs4 ,besant's pr9ciple ! :ole cosmos is only "o enorm\sly selfi% p]son4 ,x is j "h t ,buddhism is on ! side ( mod]n pan!ism & imman5ce4 ,& x is j "h t ,*ri/ianity is on ! side ( humanity & lib]ty & love4 ,love desires p]sonality2 !re=e love desires division4 ,x is ! in/9ct ( ,*ri/ianity to be glad t ,god has brok5 ! univ]se into little pieces1 because !y are liv+ pieces4 ,x is h] in/9ct to say little *ildr5 love "o ano!r r ?an to tell "o l>ge p]son to love himself4 ,?is is ! intellectual abyss betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity2 t = ! ,buddhi/ or ,!osophi/ p]sonality is ! fall ( man1 = ! ,*ri/ian x is ! purpose ( ,god1 ! :ole po9t ( 8 cosmic idea4 ,! _w-s\l ( ! ,!osophi/s asks man to love x only 9 ord] t man may ?r[ himself into x4 ,b ! div9e c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity actually ?rew man out ( x 9 ord] t he might love x4 ,! ori5tal deity is l a giant :o %\ld h lo/ 8 leg or h& & be always seek+ to f9d x2 b ! ,*ri/ian p[] is l "s giant :o 9 a /range g5]osity %\ld cut (f 8 "r h&1 s t x might ( its own accord %ake h&s ) him4 ,we come back to ! same tireless note t\*+ ! nature ( ,*ri/ianity2 all mod]n philosophies are *a9s :i* connect & fett]2 ,*ri/ianity is a sword :i* sep>ates & sets free4 ,no o!r philosophy makes ,god actually rejoice 9 ! sep>ation ( ! univ]se into liv+ s\ls4 ,b accord+ to or?odox ,*ri/ianity ?is sep>ation betwe5 ,god & man is sacr$1 because ?is is et]nal4 ,t a man may love ,god x is necess>y t !re %\ld be n only a ,god to be lov$1 b a man to love him4 ,all ^? vague !osophical m9ds = :om ! univ]se is an imm5se melt+-pot are exactly ! m9ds :i* %r9k in/9ctively f t e>?quake say+ ( our ,gospels1 :i* decl>e t ! ,son ( ,god came n ) peace b ) a sund]+ sword4 ,! say+ r+s entirely true ev5 consid]$ z :at x obvi\sly is2 ! /atem5t t any man :o prea*es real love is b\nd to beget hate4 ,x is z true ( democratic frat]nity z a div9e love2 %am love ends 9 compromise & common philosophy2 b real love has always end$ 9 blood%$4 ,yet !re is ano!r & yet m awful tru? beh9d ! obvi\s mean+ ( ?is utt]ance ( our ,"l4 ,accord+ to ,himself ! ,son 0 a sword sep>at+ bro!r & bro!r t !y %\ld = an aeon hate ea* o!r4 ,b ! ,fa!r also 0 a sword1 :i* 9 ! black beg9n+ sep>at$ bro!r & bro!r1 s t !y %\ld love ea* o!r at la/4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( t almo/ insane happ9ess 9 ! eyes ( ! m$iaeval sa9t 9 ! picture4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( ! seal$ eyes ( ! sup]b ,buddhi/ image4 ,! ,*ri/ian sa9t is happy because he has v]ily be5 cut (f f ! _w2 he is sep>ate f ?+s & is />+ at !m 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,b :y %\ld ! ,buddhi/ sa9t be a/oni%$ at ?+s8-- s9ce !re is really only "o ?+1 & t be+ imp]sonal c h>dly be a/oni%$ at itself4 ,!re h be5 _m pan!i/ poems sugge/+ wond]1 b no really successful ones4 ,! pan!i/ _c wond]1 = he _c praise ,god or praise any?+ z really di/9ct f himself4 ,our imm$iate bus9ess "h1 h[ev]1 is ) ! effect ( ?is ,*ri/ian admiration 7:i* /rikes outw>ds1 t[>ds a deity di/9ct f ! wor%ipp]7 ^u ! g5]al ne$ = e?ical activity & social re=m4 ,& surely its effect is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,!re is no real possibility ( gett+ out ( pan!ism1 any special impulse to moral action4 ,= pan!ism implies 9 its nature t "o ?+ is z good z ano!r2 :]eas action implies 9 its nature t "o ?+ is greatly pref]able to ano!r4 ,sw9burne 9 ! high summ] ( 8 scepticism tri$ 9 va9 to wre/le ) ?is difficulty4 ,9 ,songs be=e ,sunrise1 writt5 "u ! inspiration ( ,g>ibaldi & ! revolt ( ,italy he proclaim$ ! new] religion & ! pur] ,god :i* %\ld )] up all ! prie/s ( ! _w3 ,:at doe/ ?\ n[ ,look+ ,godw>d to cry ,i am ,i1 ?\ art ?\1 ,i am l[1 ?\ art high1 ,i am ?\ t ?\ seeke/ to f9d him1 f9d ?\ b ?yself1 ?\ art ,i4 ,( :i* ! imm$iate & evid5t d$uction is t tyrants are z mu* ! sons ( ,god z ,g>ibaldis2 & t ,k+ ,bomba ( ,naples hav+1 ) ! utmo/ success1 f\nd himself is id5tical ) ! ultimate good 9 all ?+s4 ,! tru? is t ! we/]n en]gy t de?rones tyrants has be5 directly due to ! we/]n !ology t says ,i am ,i1 ?\ art ?\4 ,! same spiritual sep>ation :i* look$ up & saw a good k+ 9 ! univ]se look$ up & saw a bad k+ 9 ,naples4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ,bomba's god de?ron$ ,bomba4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ,sw9burne's god h cov]$ ,asia = c5turies & h nev] de?ron$ a tyrant4 ,! ,indian sa9t may reasonably %ut 8 eyes because he is look+ at t :i* is ,i & ,?\ & ,we & ,!y & ,x4 ,x is a rational occupation3 b x is n true 9 !ory & n true 9 fact t x helps ! ,indian to keep an eye on ,"l ,curzon4 ,t ext]nal vigilance :i* has always be5 ! m>k ( ,*ri/ianity 7! comm& t we %\ld ,,wat* & pray7 has express$ itself bo? 9 typical we/]n or?odoxy & 9 typical we/]n politics3 b bo? dep5d on ! idea ( a div9ity transc5d5t1 diff]5t f ourselves1 a deity t disappe>s4 ,c]ta9ly ! mo/ sagaci\s cre$s may sugge/ t we %\ld pursue ,god into deep] & deep] r+s ( ! labyr9? ( our own ego4 ,b only we ( ,*ri/5dom h said t we %\ld hunt ,god l an eagle ^u ! m\nta9s3 & we h kill$ all mon/]s 9 ! *ase4 ,"h aga91 !re=e1 we f9d t 9 s f> z we value democracy & ! self-r5ew+ en]gies ( ! we/1 we are mu* m likely to f9d !m 9 ! old !ology ?an ! new4 ,if we want re=m1 we mu/ adh]e to or?odoxy3 especially 9 ?is matt] 7s mu* disput$ 9 ! c\nsels ( ,mr4 ,r4,j4,campbell71 ! matt] ( insi/+ on ! imman5t or ! transc5d5t deity4 ,by insi/+ specially on ! imman5ce ( ,god we get introspection1 self-isolation1 quietism1 social indiff]5ce--,tibet4 ,by insi/+ specially on ! transc5d5ce ( ,god we get wond]1 curiosity1 moral & political adv5ture1 righte\s indignation--,*ri/5dom4 ,insi/+ t ,god is inside man1 man is always inside himself4 ,by insi/+ t ,god transc5ds man1 man has transc5d$ himself4 ,if we take any o!r doctr9e t has be5 call$ old-fa%ion$ we %all f9d ! case ! same4 ,x is ! same1 = in/ance1 9 ! deep matt] ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,unit>ians 7a sect nev] to be m5tion$ )\t a special respect = _! di/+ui%$ intellectual dignity & high intellectual hon\r7 are (t5 re=m]s by ! accid5t t ?r[s s _m small sects into su* an attitude4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 ! lea/ lib]al or ak9 to re=m 9 ! sub/itution ( pure mono!ism = ! ,tr9ity4 ,! complex ,god ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ may be an enigma = ! intellect2 b ,he is f> less likely to ga!r ! my/]y & cruelty ( a ,sultan ?an ! lonely god ( ,om> or ,mahomet4 ,! god :o is a m]e awful unity is n only a k+ b an ,ea/]n k+4 ,! ,,he>t ( humanity1 especially ( ,european humanity1 is c]ta9ly mu* m satisfi$ by ! /range h9ts & symbols t ga!r r\nd ! ,tr9it>ian idea1 ! image ( a c\ncil at :i* m]cy pleads z well z ju/ice1 ! conception ( a sort ( lib]ty & v>iety exi/+ ev5 9 ! inmo/ *amb] ( ! _w4 ,= ,we/]n religion has always felt ke5ly ! idea x is n well = man to be alone4 ,! social in/9ct ass]t$ itself ev]y:]e z :5 ! ,ea/]n idea ( h]mits 0 practically expell$ by ! ,we/]n idea ( monks4 ,s ev5 asceticism became bro!rly2 & ! ,trappi/s 7 sociable ev5 :5 !y 7 sil5t4 ,if ?is love ( a liv+ complexity be our te/1 x is c]ta9ly heal?i] to h ! ,tr9it>ian religion ?an ! ,unit>ian4 ,= to u ,tr9it>ians 7if ,i may say x ) rev]5ce7--to u ,god ,himself is a society4 ,x is inde$ a fa?omless my/]y ( !ology1 & ev5 if ,i 7 !ologian en\gh to deal ) x directly1 x w\ld n be relevant to d s "h4 ,suffice x to say "h t ?is triple enigma is z com=t+ z w9e & op5 z an ,engli% fireside2 t ?is ?+ t bewild]s ! intellect utt]ly quiets ! he>t3 b out ( ! des]t1 f ! dry places & ! dreadful suns1 come ! cruel *ildr5 ( ! lonely ,god2 ! real ,unit>ians :o ) scimit> 9 h& h laid wa/e ! _w4 ,= x is n well = ,god to be alone4 ,aga91 ! same is true ( t difficult matt] ( ! dang] ( ! s\l1 :i* has unsettl$ s _m j m9ds4 ,to hope = all s\ls is imp]ative2 & x is q t5able t _! salvation is inevitable4 ,x is t5able1 b x is n specially fav\rable to activity or progress4 ,our fight+ & creative society ought r to insi/ on ! dang] ( ev]ybody1 on ! fact t e man is hang+ by a ?read or cl++ to a precipice4 ,to say t all w be well anyh[ is a compreh5sible rem>k3 b x _c be call$ ! bla/ ( a trumpet4 ,europe ought r to emphasize possible p]dition2 & ,europe always has emphasiz$ x4 ,"h its highe/ religion is at "o ) all its *eape/ romances4 ,to ! ,buddhi/ or ! ea/]n fatali/ exi/5ce is a sci5ce or a plan1 :i* mu/ end up 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,b to a ,*ri/ian exi/5ce is a ,,/ory1 :i* may end up 9 any way4 ,9 a ?rill+ novel 7t purely ,*ri/ian product7 ! h]o is n eat5 by cannibals2 b x is ess5tial to ! exi/5ce ( ! ?rill t he ,,might be eat5 by cannibals4 ,! h]o mu/ 7s to speak7 be an eatable h]o4 ,s ,*ri/ian morals h always said to ! man1 n t he w\ld lose 8 s\l1 b t he mu/ take c>e t he didn't4 ,9 ,*ri/ian morals1 9 %ort1 x is wick$ to call a man damn$3 b x is /rictly religi\s & philosophic to call him damnable4 ,all ,*ri/ianity conc5trates on ! man at ! cross-roads4 ,! va/ & %all[ philosophies1 ! huge syn!ses ( humbug1 all talk ab\t ages & evolution & ultimate developm5ts4 ,! true philosophy is conc]n$ ) ! in/ant4 ,w a man take ?is road or t8--t is ! only ?+ to ?9k ab\t1 if y enjoy ?9k+4 ,! aeons are easy en\gh to ?9k ab\t1 any "o c ?9k ab\t !m4 ,! in/ant is really awful3 & x is because our religion has int5sely felt ! in/ant1 t x has 9 lit]ature dealt mu* ) battle & 9 !ology dealt mu* ) hell4 ,x is full ( ,,dang]1 l a boy's book3 x is at an immortal crisis4 ,!re is a great deal ( real simil>ity betwe5 popul> fiction & ! religion ( ! we/]n p4 ,if y say t popul> fiction is vulg> & tawdry1 y only say :at ! dre>y & well-in=m$ say also ab\t ! images 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur*es4 ,life 7accord+ to ! fai?7 is v l a s]ial /ory 9 a magaz9e3 life ends ) ! promise 7or m5ace7 to be cont9u$ 9 our next4 ,also1 ) a noble vulg>ity1 life imitates ! s]ial & leaves (f at ! excit+ mom5t4 ,= dea? is di/9ctly an excit+ mom5t4 ,b ! po9t is t a /ory is excit+ because x has 9 x s /rong an elem5t ( w1 ( :at !ology calls free-w4 ,y _c f9i% a sum h[ y l4 ,b y c f9i% a /ory h[ y l4 ,:5 somebody discov]$ ! ,diff]5tial ,calculus !re 0 only "o ,diff]5tial ,calculus he c\ld discov]4 ,b :5 ,%akespe>e kill$ ,romeo he might h m>ri$ him to ,juliet's old nurse if he _h felt incl9$4 ,& ,*ri/5dom has excell$ 9 ! n>rative romance exactly because x has insi/$ on ! !ological free-w4 ,x is a l>ge matt] & too mu* to "o side ( ! road to be discuss$ adequately "h2 b ?is is ! real objection to t torr5t ( mod]n talk ab\t treat+ crime z disease1 ab\t mak+ a prison m]ely a hygi5ic environm5t l a hospital1 ( heal+ s9 by sl[ sci5tific me?ods4 ,! fallacy ( ! :ole ?+ is t evil is a matt] ( active *oice :]eas disease is n4 ,if y say t y are go+ to cure a pr(ligate z y cure an a/hmatic1 my *eap & obvi\s answ] is1 ,produce ! p :o want to be a/hmatics z _m p want to be pr(ligates4 ,a man may lie /ill & be cur$ ( a malady4 ,b he mu/ n lie /ill if he wants to be cur$ ( a s92 on ! contr>y1 he mu/ get up & jump ab\t viol5tly4 ,! :ole po9t inde$ is p]fectly express$ 9 ! v ^w :i* we use = a man 9 hospital2 pati5t is 9 ! passive mood2 s9n] is 9 ! active4 ,if a man is to be sav$ f influ5za1 he may be a pati5t4 ,b if he is to be sav$ f =g+1 he mu/ be n a pati5t b an ,,impati5t4 ,he mu/ be p]sonally impati5t ) =g]y4 ,all moral re=m mu/ />t 9 ! active n ! passive w4 ,"h aga9 we rea* ! same sub/antial conclusion4 ,9 s f> z we desire ! def9ite recon/ructions & ! dang]\s revolutions :i* h di/+ui%$ ,european civilization1 we %all n disc\rage ! ?\ght ( possible ru92 we %all r enc\rage x4 ,if we want1 l ! ,ea/]n sa9ts1 m]ely to contemplate h[ "r ?+s are1 ( c\rse we %all only say t !y mu/ g "r4 ,b if we p>ticul>ly want to ,,make !m g "r1 we mu/ insi/ t !y may g wrong4 ,la/ly1 ?is tru? is yet aga9 true 9 ! case ( ! common mod]n attempts to dim9i% or to expla9 away ! div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,! ?+ may be true or n2 t ,i %all deal ) be=e ,i end4 ,b if ! div9ity is true x is c]ta9ly t]ribly revolution>y4 ,t a good man may h 8 back to ! wall is no m ?an we knew already2 b t ,god c\ld h 8 back to ! wall is a boa/ = all insurg5ts = ev]4 ,*ri/ianity is ! only religion on e>? t has felt t omnipot5ce made ,god incomplete4 ,*ri/ianity alone has felt t ,god1 to be :olly ,god1 mu/ h be5 a rebel z well z a k+4 ,alone ( all cre$s1 ,*ri/ianity has add$ c\rage to ! virtues ( ! ,creator4 ,= ! only c\rage wor? call+ c\rage mu/ necess>ily mean t ! s\l passes a break+ po9t--& does n break4 ,9 ?is inde$ ,i approa* a matt] m d>k & awful ?an x is easy to discuss2 & ,i apologise 9 advance if any ( my phrases fall wrong or seem irrev]5t t\*+ a matt] :i* ! greate/ sa9ts & ?9k]s h ju/ly fe>$ to approa*4 ,b 9 t t]rific tale ( ! ,passion !re is a di/9ct emotional sugge/ion t ! au?or ( all ?+s 79 "s un?9kable way7 w5t n only ?r\gh agony1 b ?r\gh d\bt4 ,x is writt51 ,?\ %alt n tempt ! ,"l ?y ,god4 ,no2 b ! ,"l ?y ,god may tempt ,himself2 & x seems z if ?is 0 :at happ5$ 9 ,ge?semane4 ,9 a g>d5 ,satan tempt$ man3 & 9 a g>d5 ,god tempt$ ,god4 ,he pass$ 9 "s sup]human mann] ?r\gh our human horror ( pessimism4 ,:5 ! _w %ook & ! sun 0 wip$ out ( heav51 x 0 n at ! crucifixion1 b at ! cry f ! cross3 ! cry :i* confess$ t ,god 0 =sak5 ( ,god4 ,& n[ let ! revolutioni/s *oose a cre$ f all ! cre$s & a god f all ! gods ( ! _w1 c>efully weigh+ all ! gods ( inevitable recurr5ce & ( unalt]able p[]4 ,!y w n f9d ano!r god :o has himself be5 9 revolt4 ,nay1 7! matt] gr[s too difficult = human spee*17 b let ! a!i/s !mselves *oose a god4 ,!y w f9d only "o div9ity :o ev] utt]$ _! isolation2 only "o religion 9 :i* ,god seem$ = an in/ant to be an a!i/4 ,^! c be call$ ! ess5tials ( ! old or?odoxy1 ( :i* ! *ief m]it is t x is ! natural f\nta9 ( revolution & re=m2 & ( :i* ! *ief defect is t x is obvi\sly only an ab/ract ass]tion4 ,its ma9 advantage is t x is ! mo/ adv5tur\s & manly ( all !ologies4 ,its *ief disadvantage is simply t x is a !ology4 ,x c always be urg$ aga9/ x t x is 9 its nature arbitr>y & 9 ! air4 ,b x is n s high 9 ! air b t great ar*]s sp5d _! :ole lives 9 %oot+ arr[s at x--yes1 & _! la/ arr[s2 !re are m5 :o w ru9 !mselves & ru9 _! civilization if !y may ru9 also ?is old fanta/ic tale4 ,?is is ! la/ & mo/ a/\nd+ fact ab\t ?is fai?2 t its enemies w use any weapon aga9/ x1 ! swords t cut _! own f+]s1 & ! firebr&s t burn _! own homes4 ,m5 :o beg9 to fight ! ,*ur* = ! sake ( fre$om & humanity end by fl++ away fre$om & humanity if only !y may fight ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is no exagg]ation2 ,i c\ld fill a book ) ! in/ances ( x4 ,mr4 ,blat*=d set out1 z an ord9>y ,bible-sma%]1 to prove t ,adam 0 guiltless ( s9 aga9/ ,god2 9 manoeuvr+ s z to ma9ta9 ?is he admitt$1 z a m]e side issue1 t all ! tyrants1 f ,n]o to ,k+ ,leopold1 7 guiltless ( any s9 aga9/ humanity4 ,i "k a man :o has su* a passion = prov+ t he w h no p]sonal exi/5ce aft] dea? t he falls back on ! position t he has no p]sonal exi/5ce n[4 ,he invokes ,buddhism & says t all s\ls fade into ea* o!r2 9 ord] to prove t he _c g to heav5 he proves t he _c g to ,h>tlepool4 ,i h kn[n p :o prote/$ aga9/ religi\s education ) argum5ts aga9/ any education1 say+ t ! *ild's m9d mu/ gr[ freely or t ! old mu/ n tea* ! "y4 ,i h kn[n p :o %[$ t !re c\ld be no div9e judgm5t by %[+ t !re c be no human judgm5t1 ev5 = practical purposes4 ,!y burn$ _! own corn to set fire to ! *ur*2 !y sma%$ _! own tools to sma% x2 any /ick 0 good en\gh to beat x )1 ?\gh x 7 ! la/ /ick ( _! own dismemb]$ furniture4 ,we d n admire1 we h>dly excuse1 ! fanatic :o wrecks ?is _w = love ( ! o!r4 ,b :at are we to say ( ! fanatic :o wrecks ?is _w out ( hatr$ ( ! o!r8 ,he sacrifices ! v exi/5ce ( humanity to ! non-exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,he (f]s 8 victims n to ! alt>1 b m]ely to ass]t ! idl5ess ( ! alt> & ! empt9ess ( ! ?rone4 ,he is ready to ru9 ev5 t prim>y e?ic by :i* all ?+s live1 = 8 /range & et]nal v5geance ^u "s "o :o nev] liv$ at all4 ,& yet ! ?+ hangs 9 ! heav5s unhurt4 ,its oppon5ts only succe$ 9 de/roy+ all t !y !mselves ju/ly hold de>4 ,!y d n de/roy or?odoxy2 !y only de/roy political & common c\rage s5se4 ,!y d n prove t ,adam 0 n responsible to ,god2 h[ c\ld !y prove x8 ,!y only prove 7f _! premises7 t ! ,cz> is n responsible to ,russia4 ,!y d n prove t ,adam %\ld n h be5 puni%$ by ,god2 !y only prove t ! ne>e/ sweat] %\ld n be puni%$ by m54 ,) _! ori5tal d\bts ab\t p]sonality !y d n make c]ta9 t we %all h no p]sonal life h]eaft]2 !y only make c]ta9 t we %all n h a v jolly or complete "o "h4 ,) _! p>alys+ h9ts ( all conclusions com+ out wrong !y d n te> ! book ( ! ,record+ ,angel2 !y only make x a little h>d] to keep ! books ( ,m>%all ,snelgrove4 ,n only is ! fai? ! "m ( all worldly en]gies1 b its foes are ! fa!rs ( all worldly confusion4 ,! secul>i/s h n wreck$ div9e ?+s2 b ! secul>i/s h wreck$ secul> ?+s1 if t is any com=t to !m4 ,! ,titans did n scale heav52 b !y laid wa/e ! _w4 ,,ix ,,au?ority ,,& ,,! ,,adv5tur] ,! la/ *apt] has be5 conc]n$ ) ! cont5tion t or?odoxy is n only 7z is (t5 urg$7 ! only safe gu>dian ( morality or ord]1 b is also ! only logical gu>dian ( lib]ty1 innovation & advance4 ,if we wi% to pull d[n ! prosp]\s oppressor we _c d x ) ! new doctr9e ( human p]fectibility2 we c d x ) ! old doctr9e ( ,orig9al ,s94 ,if we want to uproot inh]5t cruelties or lift up lo/ populations we _c d x ) ! sci5tific !ory t matt] prec$es m9d2 we c d x ) ! sup]natural !ory t m9d prec$es matt]4 ,if we wi% specially to awak5 p to social vigilance & tireless pursuit ( practise1 we _c help x mu* by insi/+ on ! ,imman5t ,god & ! ,inn] ,light3 = ^! are at be/ reasons = cont5tm5t2 we c help x mu* by insi/+ on ! transc5d5t ,god & ! fly+ & escap+ gleam2 = t means div9e discont5t4 ,if we wi% p>ticul>ly to ass]t ! idea ( a g5]\s balance aga9/ t ( a dreadful autocracy we %all in/9ctively be ,tr9it>ian r ?an ,unit>ian4 ,if we desire ,european civilization to be a raid & a rescue1 we %all insi/ r t s\ls are 9 real p]il ?an t _! p]il is ultimately unreal4 ,& if we wi% to exalt ! outca/ & ! crucifi$1 we %all r wi% to ?9k t a v]itable ,god 0 crucifi$1 r ?an a m]e sage or h]o4 ,above all1 if we wi% to protect ! poor we %all be 9 fav\r ( fix$ rules & cle> dogmas4 ,! ,,rules ( a club are occasionally 9 fav\r ( ! poor memb]4 ,! drift ( a club is always 9 fav\r ( ! ri* "o4 ,& n[ we come to ! crucial "q :i* truly concludes ! :ole matt]4 ,a reasonable agno/ic1 if he has happ5$ to agree ) me s f>1 may ju/ly turn r\nd & say1 ,y h f\nd a practical philosophy 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall2 v well4 ,y h f\nd a side ( democracy n[ dang]\sly neglect$ wisely ass]t$ 9 ,orig9al ,s92 all "r4 ,y h f\nd a tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( hell2 ,i congratulate y4 ,y are conv9c$ t wor%ipp]s ( a p]sonal ,god look outw>ds & are progressive2 ,i congratulate !m4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t ^? doctr9es d include ^? tru?s1 :y _c y take ! tru?s & leave ! doctr9es8 ,grant$ t all mod]n society is tru/+ ! ri* too mu* because x does n all[ = human weakness2 grant$ t or?odox ages h _h a great advantage because 7believ+ 9 ! ,fall7 !y did all[ = human weakness1 :y _c y simply all[ = human weakness )\t believ+ 9 ! ,fall8 ,if y h discov]$ t ! idea ( damnation repres5ts a heal?y idea ( dang]1 :y c y n simply take ! idea ( dang] & leave ! idea ( damnation8 ,if y see cle>ly ! k]nel ( common-s5se 9 ! nut ( ,*ri/ian or?odoxy1 :y _c y simply take ! k]nel & leave ! nut8 ,:y _c y 7to use t cant phrase ( ! newspap]s :i* ,i1 z a highly s*ol>ly agno/ic1 am a little a%am$ ( us+7 :y _c y simply take :at is good 9 ,*ri/ianity1 :at y c def9e z valuable1 :at y c compreh5d1 & leave all ! re/1 all ! absolute dogmas t are 9 _! nature incompreh5sible8 ,?is is ! real "q2 ?is is ! la/ "q2 & x is a pleasure to try to answ] x4 ,! fir/ answ] is simply to say t ,i am a rationali/4 ,i l to h "s intellectual ju/ification = my intuitions4 ,if ,i am treat+ man z a fall5 be+ x is an intellectual conv5i5ce to me to believe t he fell2 & ,i f9d1 = "s odd psy*ological reason1 t ,i c deal bett] ) a man's ex]cise ( freewill if ,i believe t he has got x4 ,b ,i am 9 ?is matt] yet m def9itely a rationali/4 ,i d n propose to turn ?is book into "o ( ord9>y ,*ri/ian apologetics2 ,i %\ld be glad to meet at any o!r "t ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity 9 t m obvi\s ar5a4 ,"h ,i am only giv+ an acc\nt ( my own gr[? 9 spiritual c]ta9ty4 ,b ,i may pause to rem>k t ! m ,i saw ( ! m]ely ab/ract argum5ts aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian cosmology ! less ,i ?\ght ( !m4 ,i mean t hav+ f\nd ! moral atmosph]e ( ! ,inc>nation to be common s5se1 ,i !n look$ at ! e/abli%$ intellectual argum5ts aga9/ ! ,inc>nation & f\nd !m to be common nons5se4 ,9 case ! argum5t %\ld be ?\ght to suff] f ! abs5ce ( ! ord9>y apologetic ,i w "h v briefly summ>ise my own argum5ts & conclusions on ! purely objective or sci5tific tru? ( ! matt]4 ,if ,i am ask$1 z a purely intellectual "q1 :y ,i believe 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,i c only answ]1 ,= ! same reason t an intellig5t agno/ic disbelieves 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,i believe 9 x q rationally ^u ! evid5ce4 ,b ! evid5ce 9 my case1 z 9 t ( ! intellig5t agno/ic1 is n really 9 ?is or t alleg$ demon/ration2 x is 9 an enorm\s accumulation ( small b unanim\s facts4 ,! secul>i/ is n to be blam$ because 8 objections to ,*ri/ianity are miscellane\s & ev5 scrappy2 x is precisely su* scrappy evid5ce t does conv9ce ! m9d4 ,i mean t a man may well be less conv9c$ ( a philosophy f f\r books1 ?an f "o book1 "o battle1 "o l&scape1 & "o old fri5d4 ,! v fact t ! ?+s are ( diff]5t k9ds increases ! importance ( ! fact t !y all po9t to "o conclusion4 ,n[1 ! non-,*ri/ianity ( ! av]age educat$ man to-day is almo/ always1 to d him ju/ice1 made up ( ^! loose b liv+ exp]i5ces4 ,i c only say t my evid5ces = ,*ri/ianity are ( ! same vivid b v>i$ k9d z 8 evid5ces aga9/ x4 ,= :5 ,i look at ^! v>i\s anti-,*ri/ian tru?s1 ,i simply discov] t none ( !m are true4 ,i discov] t ! true tide & =ce ( all ! facts fl[s ! o!r way4 ,let u take cases4 ,_m a s5sible mod]n man mu/ h ab&on$ ,*ri/ianity "u ! pressure ( ?ree su* conv]g+ convictions z ^!3 fir/1 t m51 ) _! %ape1 /ructure1 & sexuality1 are1 aft] all1 v mu* l bea/s1 a m]e v>iety ( ! animal k+dom2 second1 t primeval religion arose 9 ignorance & fe>2 ?ird1 t prie/s h blight$ societies ) bitt]ness & gloom4 ,^? ?ree anti-,*ri/ian argum5ts are v diff]5t2 b !y are all q logical & legitimate2 & !y all conv]ge4 ,! only objection to !m 7,i discov]7 is t !y are all untrue4 ,if y leave (f look+ at books ab\t bea/s & m51 if y beg9 to look at bea/s & m5 !n 7if y h any hum\r or imag9ation1 any s5se ( ! frantic or ! f>cical7 y w obs]ve t ! />tl+ ?+ is n h[ l man is to ! brutes1 b h[ unlike he is4 ,x is ! mon/r\s scale ( 8 div]g5ce t requires an explanation4 ,t man & brute are l is1 9 a s5se1 a truism2 b t be+ s l !y %\ld !n be s insanely unlike1 t is ! %ock & ! enigma4 ,t an ape has h&s is f> less int]e/+ to ! philosoph] ?an ! fact t hav+ h&s he does next to no?+ ) !m2 does n play knuckle-bones or ! viol92 does n c>ve m>ble or c>ve mutton4 ,p talk ( b>b>ic ar*itecture & debas$ art4 ,b elephants d n build colossal temples ( ivory ev5 9 a roccoco /yle2 camels d n pa9t ev5 bad pictures1 ?\gh equipp$ ) ! mat]ial ( _m camel's-hair bru%es4 ,c]ta9 mod]n dream]s say t ants & bees h a society sup]ior to ours4 ,!y h1 inde$1 a civilization2 b t v tru? only rem9ds u t x is an inf]ior civilization4 ,:o ev] f\nd an ant-hill decorat$ ) ! /atues ( celebrat$ ants8 ,:o has se5 a bee-hive c>v$ ) ! images ( gorge\s que5s ( old8 ,no2 ! *asm betwe5 man & o!r creatures may h a natural explanation1 b x is a *asm4 ,we talk ( wild animals2 b man is ! only wild animal4 ,x is man t has brok5 out4 ,all o!r animals are tame animals2 foll[+ ! rugg$ respectability ( ! tribe or type4 ,all o!r animals are dome/ic animals2 man alone is ev] undome/ic1 ei!r z a pr(ligate or a monk4 ,s t ?is fir/ sup]ficial reason = mat]ialism is1 if any?+1 a reason = its opposite2 x is exactly :]e biology leaves (f t all religion beg9s4 ,x w\ld be ! same if ,i exam9$ ! second ( ! ?ree *ance rationali/ argum5ts2 ! argum5t t all t we call div9e began 9 "s d>kness & t]ror4 ,:5 ,i did attempt to exam9e ! f\ndations ( ?is mod]n idea ,i simply f\nd t !re 7 none4 ,sci5ce kn[s no?+ :atev] ab\t pre-hi/oric man2 = ! excell5t reason t he is pre-hi/oric4 ,a few pr(essors *oose to conjecture t su* ?+s z human sacrifice 7 once innoc5t & g5]al & t !y gradually dw9dl$2 b !re is no direct evid5ce ( x1 & ! small am\nt ( indirect evid5ce is v mu* ! o!r way4 ,9 ! e>lie/ leg5ds we h1 su* z ! tales ( ,isaac & ( ,iphig5ia1 human sacrifice is n introduc$ z some?+ old1 b r z some?+ new2 z a /range & frightful exception d>kly dem&$ by ! gods4 ,hi/ory says no?+2 & leg5ds all say t ! e>? 0 k9d] 9 its e>lie/ "t4 ,!re is no tradition ( progress2 b ! :ole human race has a tradition ( ! ,fall4 ,amus+ly en\gh1 inde$1 ! v dissem9ation ( ?is idea is us$ aga9/ its au!nticity4 ,le>n$ m5 lit]ally say t ?is pre-hi/oric calamity _c be true because e race ( mank9d rememb]s x4 ,i _c keep pace ) ^! p>adoxes4 ,& if we took ! ?ird *ance in/ance1 x w\ld be ! same2 ! view t prie/s d>k5 & embitt] ! _w4 ,i look at ! _w & simply discov] t !y don't4 ,^? c\ntries 9 ,europe :i* are /ill influ5c$ by prie/s1 are exactly ! c\ntries :]e !re is /ill s++ & danc+ & col\r$ dresses & art 9 ! op5-air4 ,ca?olic doctr9e & discipl9e may be walls2 b !y are ! walls ( a playgr\nd4 ,*ri/ianity is ! only frame :i* has pres]v$ ! pleasure ( ,paganism4 ,we might fancy "s *ildr5 play+ on ! flat grassy top ( "s tall isl& 9 ! sea4 ,s long z !re 0 a wall r\nd ! cliff's edge !y c\ld fl+ !mselves into e frantic game & make ! place ! noisie/ ( nurs]ies4 ,b ! walls 7 knock$ d[n1 leav+ ! nak$ p]il ( ! precipice4 ,!y did n fall ov]2 b :5 _! fri5ds return$ to !m !y 7 all huddl$ 9 t]ror 9 ! c5tre ( ! isl&2 & _! song _h ceas$4 ,?us ^! ?ree facts ( exp]i5ce1 su* facts z g to make an agno/ic1 are1 9 ?is view1 turn$ totally r\nd4 ,i am left say+1 ,give me an explanation1 fir/1 ( ! t[]+ ecc5tricity ( man among ! brutes2 second1 ( ! va/ human tradition ( "s anci5t happ9ess2 ?ird1 ( ! p>tial p]petuation ( su* pagan joy 9 ! c\ntries ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,"o explanation1 at any rate1 cov]s all ?ree3 ! !ory t twice 0 ! natural ord] int]rupt$ by "s explosion or revelation su* z p n[ call psy*ic4 ,once ,heav5 came ^u ! e>? ) a p[] or seal call$ ! image ( ,god1 :]eby man took comm& ( ,nature2 & once aga9 7:5 9 empire aft] empire m5 _h be5 f\nd want+7 ,heav5 came to save mank9d 9 ! awful %ape ( a man4 ,?is w\ld expla9 :y ! mass ( m5 always look backw>ds2 & :y ! only corn] :]e !y 9 any s5se look =w>ds is ! little cont95t :]e ,*ri/ has ,8 ,*ur*4 ,i "k x w be said t ,japan has become progressive4 ,b h[ c ?is be an answ] :5 ev5 9 say+ ,japan has become progressive1 we really only mean1 ,japan has become ,european8 ,b ,i wi% "h n s mu* to insi/ on my own explanation z to insi/ on my orig9al rem>k4 ,i agree ) ! ord9>y unbeliev+ man 9 ! /reet 9 be+ guid$ by ?ree or f\r odd facts all po9t+ to some?+2 only :5 ,i came to look at ! facts ,i always f\nd !y po9t$ to some?+ else4 ,i h giv5 an imag9>y triad ( su* ord9>y anti-,*ri/ian argum5ts2 if t be too n>r[ a basis ,i w give on ! spur ( ! mom5t ano!r4 ,^! are ! k9d ( ?\ghts :i* 9 comb9ation create ! impression t ,*ri/ianity is some?+ weak & diseas$4 ,fir/1 = in/ance1 t ,jesus 0 a g5tle creature1 %eepi% & unworldly1 a m]e ineffectual appeal to ! _w2 second1 t ,*ri/ianity arose & fl\ri%$ 9 ! d>k ages ( ignorance1 & t to ^! ! ,*ur* w\ld drag u back2 ?ird1 t ! p /ill /rongly religi\s or 7if y w7 sup]/iti\s--su* p z ! ,iri%--are weak1 unpractical1 & beh9d ! times4 ,i only m5tion ^! ideas to affirm ! same ?+3 t :5 ,i look$ into !m indep5d5tly ,i f\nd1 n t ! conclusions 7 unphilosophical1 b simply t ! facts 7 n facts4 ,in/ead ( look+ at books & pictures ab\t ! ,new ,te/am5t ,i look$ at ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re ,i f\nd an acc\nt1 n 9 ! lea/ ( a p]son ) 8 hair p>t$ 9 ! middle or 8 h&s clasp$ 9 appeal1 b ( an extraord9>y be+ ) lips ( ?und] & acts ( lurid decision1 fl++ d[n tables1 ca/+ out devils1 pass+ ) ! wild secrecy ( ! w9d f m\nta9 isolation to a sort ( dreadful demagogy2 a be+ :o (t5 act$ l an angry god-- & always l a god4 ,*ri/ _h ev5 a lit]>y /yle ( 8 own1 n to be f\nd1 ,i ?9k1 else:]e2 x consi/s ( an almo/ furi\s use ( ! ,a ,,=tiori4 ,8 h[ mu* m is pil$ "o ^u ano!r l ca/le ^u ca/le 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! diction us$ ,,ab\t ,*ri/ has be51 & p]haps wisely1 sweet & submissive4 ,b ! diction us$ by ,*ri/ is q curi\sly gigantesque2 x is full ( camels leap+ ?r\gh ne$les & m\nta9s hurl$ into ! sea4 ,morally x is equally t]rific2 he call$ himself a sword ( slaught]1 & told m5 to buy swords if !y sold _! coats = !m4 ,t he us$ o!r ev5 wild] words on ! side ( non-resi/ance greatly increases ! my/]y2 b x also1 if any?+1 r increases ! viol5ce4 ,we _c ev5 expla9 x by call+ su* a be+ insane2 = insanity is usually along "o consi/5t *annel4 ,! maniac is g5]ally a monomaniac4 ,"h we mu/ rememb] ! difficult def9ition ( ,*ri/ianity already giv52 ,*ri/ianity is a sup]human p>adox :]eby two opposite passions may blaze beside ea* o!r4 ,! "o explanation ( ! ,gospel language t does expla9 x1 is t x is ! survey ( "o :o f "s sup]natural height beholds "s m />tl+ syn!sis4 ,i take 9 ord] ! next in/ance (f]$3 ! idea t ,*ri/ianity belongs to ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,"h ,i did n satisfy myself ) read+ mod]n g5]alisations2 ,i read a little hi/ory4 ,& 9 hi/ory ,i f\nd t ,*ri/ianity1 s f> f belong+ to ! ,d>k ,ages1 0 ! "o pa? across ! ,d>k ,ages t 0 n d>k4 ,x 0 a %9+ bridge connect+ two %9+ civilizations4 ,if any "o says t ! fai? arose 9 ignorance & savag]y ! answ] is simple3 x didn't4 ,x arose 9 ! ,m$it]ranean civilization 9 ! full summ] ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,! _w 0 sw>m+ ) sceptics1 & pan!ism 0 z pla9 z ! sun1 :5 ,con/ant9e nail$ ! cross to ! ma/4 ,x is p]fectly true t aft]w>ds ! %ip sank2 b x is f> m extraord9>y t ! %ip came up aga93 repa9t$ & glitt]+1 ) ! cross /ill at ! top4 ,?is is ! amaz+ ?+ ! religion did3 x turn$ a sunk5 %ip into a subm>9e4 ,! ark liv$ "u ! load ( wat]s2 aft] be+ buri$ "u ! debris ( dyna/ies & clans1 we arose & rememb]$ ,rome4 ,if our fai? _h be5 a m]e fad ( ! fad+ empire1 fad w\ld h foll[$ fad 9 ! twilight1 & if ! civilization ev] re-em]g$ 7& _m su* h nev] re-em]g$7 x w\ld h be5 "u "s new b>b>ic flag4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 ! la/ life ( ! old society & 0 also ! fir/ life ( ! new4 ,%e took ! p :o 7 =gett+ h[ to make an ar* & %e taught !m to inv5t ! ,go?ic ar*4 ,9 a ^w1 ! mo/ absurd ?+ t c\ld be said ( ! ,*ur* is ! ?+ we h all he>d said ( x4 ,h[ c we say t ! ,*ur* wi%es to br+ u back into ! ,d>k ,ages8 ,! ,*ur* 0 ! only ?+ t ev] br\ght u out ( !m4 ,i add$ 9 ?is second tr9ity ( objections an idle in/ance tak5 f ^? :o feel su* p z ! ,iri% to be weak5$ or made /agnant by sup]/ition4 ,i only add$ x because ?is is a peculi> case ( a /atem5t ( fact t turns out to be a /atem5t ( falsehood4 ,x is con/antly said ( ! ,iri% t !y are impractical4 ,b if we refra9 = a mom5t f look+ at :at is said ab\t !m & look at :at is ,,done ab\t !m1 we %all see t ! ,iri% are n only practical1 b q pa9fully successful4 ,! pov]ty ( _! c\ntry1 ! m9ority ( _! memb]s are simply ! conditions "u :i* !y 7 ask$ to "w2 b no o!r gr\p 9 ! ,briti% ,empire has done s mu* ) su* conditions4 ,! ,nationali/s 7 ! only m9ority t ev] succe$$ 9 twi/+ ! :ole ,briti% ,p>liam5t %>ply out ( its pa?4 ,! ,iri% peasants are ! only poor m5 9 ^! isl&s :o h =c$ _! ma/]s to disgorge4 ,^! p1 :om we call prie/-ridd51 are ! only ,britons :o w n be squire-ridd54 ,& :5 ,i came to look at ! actual ,iri% "*1 ! case 0 ! same4 ,iri%m5 are be/ at ! specially ,,h>d pr(essions--! trades ( iron1 ! lawy]1 & ! soldi]4 ,9 all ^! cases1 !re=e1 ,i came back to ! same conclusion3 ! sceptic 0 q "r to g by ! facts1 only he _h n look$ at ! facts4 ,! sceptic is too cr$ul\s2 he believes 9 newspap]s or ev5 9 encyclop$ias4 ,aga9 ! ?ree que/ions left me ) ?ree v antagoni/ic que/ions4 ,! av]age sceptic want$ to "k h[ ,i expla9$ ! namby-pamby note 9 ! ,gospel1 ! connection ( ! cre$ ) m$iaeval d>kness & ! political impracticability ( ! ,celtic ,*ri/ians4 ,b ,i want$ to ask1 & to ask ) an e>ne/ness am\nt+ to urg5cy1 ,:at is ?is incomp>able en]gy :i* appe>s fir/ 9 "o walk+ ! e>? l a liv+ judgm5t & ?is en]gy :i* c die ) a dy+ civilization & yet =ce x to a resurrection f ! dead2 ?is en]gy :i* la/ ( all c inflame a bankrupt peasantry ) s fix$ a fai? 9 ju/ice t !y get :at !y ask1 :ile o!rs g empty away2 s t ! mo/ helpless isl& ( ! ,empire c actually help itself8 ,!re is an answ]3 x is an answ] to say t ! en]gy is truly f outside ! _w2 t x is psy*ic1 or at lea/ "o ( ! results ( a real psy*ical di/urbance4 ,! highe/ gratitude & respect are due to ! great human civilizations su* z ! old ,egyptian or ! exi/+ ,*9ese4 ,nev]!less x is no inju/ice = !m to say t only mod]n ,europe has exhibit$ incessantly a p[] ( self-r5ewal recurr+ (t5 at ! %orte/ int]vals & desc5d+ to ! smalle/ facts ( build+ or co/ume4 ,all o!r societies die f9ally & ) dignity4 ,we die daily4 ,we are always be+ born aga9 ) almo/ indec5t ob/etrics4 ,x is h>dly an exagg]ation to say t !re is 9 hi/oric ,*ri/5dom a sort ( unnatural life3 x c\ld be expla9$ z a sup]natural life4 ,x c\ld be expla9$ z an awful galvanic life work+ 9 :at w\ld h be5 a corpse4 ,= our civilization ,,ought to h di$1 by all p>allels1 by all sociological probability1 9 ! ,ragnorak ( ! end ( ,rome4 ,t is ! weird inspiration ( our e/ate3 y & ,i h no bus9ess to be "h at all4 ,we are all ,,rev5ants2 all liv+ ,*ri/ians are dead pagans walk+ ab\t4 ,j z ,europe 0 ab\t to be ga!r$ 9 sil5ce to ,assyria & ,babylon1 some?+ ent]$ into its body4 ,& ,europe has _h a /range life--x is n too mu* to say t x has _h ! ,,jumps-- ev] s9ce4 ,i h dealt at l5g? ) su* typical triads ( d\bt 9 ord] to convey ! ma9 cont5tion--t my own case = ,*ri/ianity is rational2 b x is n simple4 ,x is an accumulation ( v>i$ facts1 l ! attitude ( ! ord9>y agno/ic4 ,b ! ord9>y agno/ic has got 8 facts all wrong4 ,he is a non-believ] = a multitude ( reasons2 b !y are untrue reasons4 ,he d\bts because ! ,middle ,ages 7 b>b>ic1 b !y w]5't2 because ,d>w9ism is demon/rat$1 b x isn't2 because miracles d n happ51 b !y d2 because monks 7 lazy1 b !y 7 v indu/ri\s2 because nuns are unhappy1 b !y are p>ticul>ly *e]ful2 because ,*ri/ian art 0 sad & pale1 b x 0 pick$ out 9 peculi>ly bright col\rs & gay ) gold2 because mod]n sci5ce is mov+ away f ! sup]natural1 b x isn't1 x is mov+ t[>ds ! sup]natural ) ! rapidity ( a railway tra94 ,b among ^! million facts all fl[+ "o way !re is1 ( c\rse1 "o "q suffici5tly solid & sep>ate to be treat$ briefly1 b by itself2 ,i mean ! objective occurr5ce ( ! sup]natural4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ,i h indicat$ ! fallacy ( ! ord9>y supposition t ! _w mu/ be imp]sonal because x is ord]ly4 ,a p]son is j z likely to desire an ord]ly ?+ z a disord]ly ?+4 ,b my own positive conviction t p]sonal creation is m conceivable ?an mat]ial fate1 is1 ,i admit1 9 a s5se1 undiscussable4 ,i w n call x a fai? or an intuition1 = ^? words are mix$ up ) m]e emotion1 x is /rictly an intellectual conviction2 b x is a ,,prim>y intellectual conviction l ! c]ta9ty ( self ( ! good ( liv+4 ,any "o :o likes1 !re=e1 may call my belief 9 ,god m]ely my/ical2 ! phrase is n wor? fight+ ab\t4 ,b my belief t miracles h happ5$ 9 human hi/ory is n a my/ical belief at all2 ,i believe 9 !m ^u human evid5ces z ,i d 9 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,^u ?is po9t !re is a simple logical fact t only requires to be /at$ & cle>$ up4 ,someh[ or o!r an extraord9>y idea has aris5 t ! disbeliev]s 9 miracles consid] !m coldly & fairly1 :ile believ]s 9 miracles accept !m only 9 connection ) "s dogma4 ,! fact is q ! o!r way4 ,! believ]s 9 miracles accept !m 7rightly or wrongly7 because !y h evid5ce = !m4 ,! disbeliev]s 9 miracles d5y !m 7rightly or wrongly7 because !y h a doctr9e aga9/ !m4 ,! op51 obvi\s1 democratic ?+ is to believe an old apple-woman :5 %e be>s te/imony to a miracle1 j z y believe an old apple-woman :5 %e be>s te/imony to a murd]4 ,! pla91 popul> c\rse is to tru/ ! peasant's ^w ab\t ! gho/ exactly z f> z y tru/ ! peasant's ^w ab\t ! l&lord4 ,be+ a peasant he w probably h a great deal ( heal?y agno/icism ab\t bo?4 ,/ill y c\ld fill ! ,briti% ,museum ) evid5ce utt]$ by ! peasant1 & giv5 9 fav\r ( ! gho/4 ,if x comes to human te/imony !re is a *ok+ cat>act ( human te/imony 9 fav\r ( ! sup]natural4 ,if y reject x1 y c only mean "o ( two ?+s4 ,y reject ! peasant's /ory ab\t ! gho/ ei!r because ! man is a peasant or because ! /ory is a gho/ /ory4 ,t is1 y ei!r d5y ! ma9 pr9ciple ( democracy1 or y affirm ! ma9 pr9ciple ( mat]ialism-- ! ab/ract impossibility ( miracle4 ,y h a p]fect "r to d s2 b 9 t case y are ! dogmati/4 ,x is we ,*ri/ians :o accept all actual evid5ce--x is y rationali/s :o refuse actual evid5ce be+ con/ra9$ to d s by y\r cre$4 ,b ,i am n con/ra9$ by any cre$ 9 ! matt]1 & look+ imp>tially into c]ta9 miracles ( m$iaeval & mod]n times1 ,i h come to ! conclusion t !y occurr$4 ,all argum5t aga9/ ^! pla9 facts is always argum5t 9 a circle4 ,if ,i say1 ,m$iaeval docum5ts atte/ c]ta9 miracles z mu* z !y atte/ c]ta9 battles1 !y answ]1 ,b m$iaevals 7 sup]/iti\s2 if ,i want to "k 9 :at !y 7 sup]/iti\s1 ! only ultimate answ] is t !y believ$ 9 ! miracles4 ,if ,i say a peasant saw a gho/1 ,i am told1 ,b peasants are s cr$ul\s4 ,if ,i ask1 ,:y cr$ul\s8 ! only answ] is--t !y see gho/s4 ,icel& is impossible because only /upid sailors h se5 x2 & ! sailors are only /upid because !y say !y h se5 ,icel&4 ,x is only fair to add t !re is ano!r argum5t t ! unbeliev] may rationally use aga9/ miracles1 ?\gh he himself g5]ally =gets to use x4 ,he may say t !re has be5 9 _m miracul\s /ories a notion ( spiritual prep>ation & acceptance3 9 %ort1 t ! miracle c\ld only come to him :o believ$ 9 x4 ,x may be s1 & if x is s h[ are we to te/ x8 ,if we are inquir+ :e!r c]ta9 results foll[ fai?1 x is useless to repeat we>ily t 7if !y happ57 !y d foll[ fai?4 ,if fai? is "o ( ! conditions1 ^? )\t fai? h a mo/ heal?y "r to laugh4 ,b !y h no "r to judge4 ,be+ a believ] may be1 if y l1 z bad z be+ drunk2 /ill if we 7 extract+ psy*ological facts f drunk>ds1 x w\ld be absurd to be always taunt+ !m ) hav+ be5 drunk4 ,suppose we 7 inve/igat+ :e!r angry m5 really saw a r$ mi/ be=e _! eyes4 ,suppose sixty excell5t h\sehold]s swore t :5 angry !y _h se5 ?is crimson cl\d3 surely x w\ld be absurd to answ] ,oh1 b y admit y 7 angry at ! "t4 ,!y might reasonably rejo9 79 a /5torian *orus71 ,h[ ! blazes c\ld we discov]1 )\t be+ angry1 :e!r angry p see r$8 ,s ! sa9ts & ascetics might rationally reply1 ,suppose t ! "q is :e!r believ]s c see visions--ev5 !n1 if y are int]e/$ 9 visions x is no po9t to object to believ]s4 ,y are /ill argu+ 9 a circle--9 t old mad circle ) :i* ?is book began4 ,! "q ( :e!r miracles ev] occur is a "q ( common s5se & ( ord9>y hi/orical imag9ation3 n ( any f9al physical exp]im5t4 ,"o may "h surely dismiss t q bra9less piece ( p$antry :i* talks ab\t ! ne$ = sci5tific conditions 9 connection ) alleg$ spiritual ph5om5a4 ,if we are ask+ :e!r a dead s\l c communicate ) a liv+ x is ludicr\s to insi/ t x %all be "u conditions 9 :i* no two liv+ s\ls 9 _! s5ses w\ld s]i\sly communicate ) ea* o!r4 ,! fact t gho/s pref] d>kness no m disproves ! exi/5ce ( gho/s ?an ! fact t lov]s pref] d>kness disproves ! exi/5ce ( love4 ,if y *oose to say1 ,i w believe t ,miss ,br[n call$ h] fiance a p]iw9kle or1 any o!r ende>+ t]m1 if %e w repeat ! ^w be=e sev5te5 psy*ologi/s1 !n ,i %all reply1 ,v well1 if ^? are y\r conditions1 y w nev] get ! tru?1 = %e c]ta9ly w n say x4 ,x is j z unsci5tific z x is unphilosophical to be surpris$ t 9 an unsympa!tic atmosph]e c]ta9 extraord9>y sympa?ies d n arise4 ,x is z if ,i said t ,i c\ld n tell if !re 0 a fog because ! air 0 n cle> en\gh2 or z if ,i insi/$ on p]fect sunlight 9 ord] to see a sol> eclipse4 ,z a common-s5se conclusion1 su* z ^? to :i* we come ab\t sex or ab\t midnight 7well kn[+ t _m details mu/ 9 _! own nature be conceal$7 ,i conclude t miracles d happ54 ,i am =c$ to x by a conspiracy ( facts3 ! fact t ! m5 :o enc\nt] elves or angels are n ! my/ics & ! morbid dream]s1 b fi%]m51 f>m]s1 & all m5 at once co>se & cauti\s2 ! fact t we all "k m5 :o te/ify to spirituali/ic incid5ts b are n spirituali/s1 ! fact t sci5ce itself admits su* ?+s m & m e day4 ,sci5ce w ev5 admit ! ,asc5sion if y call x ,levitation1 & w v likely admit ! ,resurrection :5 x has ?\ght ( ano!r ^w = x4 ,i sugge/ ! ,regalvanisation4 ,b ! /ronge/ ( all is ! dilemma above m5tion$1 t ^! sup]natural ?+s are nev] d5i$ except on ! basis ei!r ( anti-democracy or ( mat]iali/ dogmatism--,i may say mat]iali/ my/icism4 ,! sceptic always takes "o ( ! two positions2 ei!r an ord9>y man ne$ n be believ$1 or an extraord9>y ev5t mu/ n be believ$4 ,= ,i hope we may dismiss ! argum5t aga9/ wond]s attempt$ 9 ! m]e recapitulation ( frauds1 ( sw9dl+ m$iums or trick miracles4 ,t is n an argum5t at all1 good or bad4 ,a false gho/ disproves ! reality ( gho/s exactly z mu* z a =g$ banknote disproves ! exi/5ce ( ! ,bank ( ,engl&-- if any?+1 x proves its exi/5ce4 ,giv5 ?is conviction t ! spiritual ph5om5a d occur 7my evid5ce = :i* is complex b rational71 we !n collide ) "o ( ! wor/ m5tal evils ( ! age4 ,! greate/ disa/] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 ?is3 t m5 began to use ! ^w spiritual z ! same z ! ^w good4 ,!y ?\ght t to gr[ 9 ref9em5t & uncorporeality 0 to gr[ 9 virtue4 ,:5 sci5tific evolution 0 ann\nc$1 "s fe>$ t x w\ld enc\rage m]e animality4 ,x did worse3 x enc\rag$ m]e spirituality4 ,x taught m5 to ?9k t s long z !y 7 pass+ f ! ape !y 7 go+ to ! angel4 ,b y c pass f ! ape & g to ! devil4 ,a man ( g5ius1 v typical ( t "t ( bewild]m5t1 express$ x p]fectly4 ,b5jam9 ,disraeli 0 "r :5 he said he 0 on ! side ( ! angels4 ,he 0 inde$2 he 0 on ! side ( ! fall5 angels4 ,he 0 n on ! side ( any m]e appetite or animal brutality2 b he 0 on ! side ( all ! imp]ialism ( ! pr9ces ( ! abyss2 he 0 on ! side ( arrogance & my/]y1 & contempt ( all obvi\s good4 ,betwe5 ?is sunk5 pride & ! t[]+ humilities ( heav5 !re are1 "o mu/ suppose1 spirits ( %apes & sizes4 ,man1 9 enc\nt]+ !m1 mu/ make mu* ! same mi/akes t he makes 9 enc\nt]+ any o!r v>i$ types 9 any o!r di/ant cont95t4 ,x mu/ be h>d at fir/ to "k :o is supreme & :o is subord9ate4 ,if a %ade arose f ! "u _w1 & />$ at ,piccadilly1 t %ade w\ld n q und]/& ! idea ( an ord9>y clos$ c>riage4 ,he w\ld suppose t ! coa*man on ! box 0 a triumphant conqu]or1 dragg+ beh9d him a kick+ & imprison$ captive4 ,s1 if we see spiritual facts = ! fir/ "t1 we may mi/ake :o is upp]mo/4 ,x is n en\gh to f9d ! gods2 !y are obvi\s2 we mu/ f9d ,god1 ! real *ief ( ! gods4 ,we mu/ h a long hi/oric exp]i5ce 9 sup]natural ph5om5a-- 9 ord] to discov] :i* are really natural4 ,9 ?is light ,i f9d ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ev5 ( its ,hebrew orig9s1 q practical & cle>4 ,x does n tr\ble me to be told t ! ,hebrew god 0 "o among _m4 ,i "k he 01 )\t any rese>* to tell me s4 ,jehovah & ,baal look$ equally important1 j z ! sun & ! moon look$ ! same size4 ,x is only sl[ly t we le>n t ! sun is immeasurably our ma/]1 & ! small moon only our satellite4 ,believ+ t !re is a _w ( spirits1 ,i %all walk 9 x z ,i d 9 ! _w ( m51 look+ = ! ?+ t ,i l & ?9k good4 ,j z ,i %\ld seek 9 a des]t = clean wat]1 or toil at ! ,nor? ,pole to make a com=table fire1 s ,i %all se>* ! l& ( void & vision until ,i f9d some?+ fre% l wat]1 & com=t+ l fire2 until ,i f9d "s place 9 et]nity1 :]e ,i am lit]ally at home4 ,& !re is only "o su* place to be f\nd4 ,i h n[ said en\gh to %[ 7to any "o to :om su* an explanation is ess5tial7 t ,i h 9 ! ord9>y ar5a ( apologetics1 a gr\nd ( belief4 ,9 pure records ( exp]im5t 7if ^! be tak5 democratically )\t contempt or fav\r7 !re is evid5ce fir/1 t miracles happ51 & second t ! nobl] miracles belong to our tradition4 ,b ,i w n pret5d t ?is curt discussion is my real reason = accept+ ,*ri/ianity in/ead ( tak+ ! moral good ( ,*ri/ianity z ,i %\ld take x out ( ,confucianism4 ,i h ano!r f> m solid & c5tral gr\nd = submitt+ to x z a fai?1 in/ead ( m]ely pick+ up h9ts f x z a s*eme4 ,& t is ?is3 t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 its practical relation to my s\l is a liv+ tea*]1 n a dead "o4 ,x n only c]ta9ly taught me ye/]day1 b w almo/ c]ta9ly tea* me to-morr[4 ,once ,i saw sudd5ly ! mean+ ( ! %ape ( ! cross2 "s day ,i may see sudd5ly ! mean+ ( ! %ape ( ! mitre4 ,"o f9e morn+ ,i saw :y w9d[s 7 po9t$2 "s f9e morn+ ,i may see :y prie/s 7 %av54 ,plato has told y a tru?2 b ,plato is dead4 ,%akespe>e has />tl$ y ) an image2 b ,%akespe>e w n />tle y ) any m4 ,b imag9e :at x w\ld be to live ) su* m5 /ill liv+1 to "k t ,plato might break out ) an orig9al lecture to-morr[1 or t at any mom5t ,%akespe>e might %att] ev]y?+ ) a s+le song4 ,! man :o lives 9 contact ) :at he believes to be a liv+ ,*ur* is a man always expect+ to meet ,plato & ,%akespe>e to-morr[ at breakfa/4 ,he is always expect+ to see "s tru? t he has nev] se5 be=e4 ,!re is "o only o!r p>allel to ?is position2 & t is ! p>allel ( ! life 9 :i* we all began4 ,:5 y\r fa!r told y1 walk+ ab\t ! g>d51 t bees /ung or t roses smelt sweet1 y did n talk ( tak+ ! be/ out ( 8 philosophy4 ,:5 ! bees /ung y1 y did n call x an ent]ta9+ co9cid5ce4 ,:5 ! rose smelt sweet y did n say ,my fa!r is a rude1 b>b>ic symbol1 en%r9+ 7p]haps unconsci\sly7 ! deep delicate tru?s t fl[]s smell4 ,no3 y believ$ y\r fa!r1 because y _h f\nd him to be a liv+ f\nta9 ( facts1 a ?+ t really knew m ?an y2 a ?+ t w\ld tell y tru? to-morr[1 z well z to-day4 ,& if ?is 0 true ( y\r fa!r1 x 0 ev5 tru] ( y\r "m2 at lea/ x 0 true ( m9e1 to :om ?is book is d$icat$4 ,n[1 :5 society is 9 a r futile fuss ab\t ! subjection ( wom51 w no "o say h[ mu* e man owes to ! tyranny & privilege ( wom51 to ! fact t !y alone rule education until education becomes futile3 = a boy is only s5t to be taught at s*ool :5 x is too late to tea* him any?+4 ,! real ?+ has be5 done already1 & ?ank ,god x is ne>ly always done by wom54 ,e man is womanis$1 m]ely by be+ born4 ,!y talk ( ! mascul9e woman2 b e man is a fem9is$ man4 ,& if ev] m5 walk to ,we/m9/] to prote/ aga9/ ?is female privilege1 ,i %all n jo9 _! procession4 ,= ,i rememb] ) c]ta9ty ?is fix$ psy*ological fact2 t ! v "t :5 ,i 0 mo/ "u a woman's au?ority1 ,i 0 mo/ full ( flame & adv5ture4 ,exactly because :5 my "m said t ants bit !y did bite1 & because sn[ did come 9 w9t] 7z %e said72 !re=e ! :ole _w 0 to me a fairyl& ( wond]ful fulfilm5ts1 & x 0 l liv+ 9 "s ,hebraic age1 :5 prophecy aft] prophecy came true4 ,i w5t out z a *ild into ! g>d51 & x 0 a t]rible place to me1 precisely because ,i _h a clue to x3 if ,i _h held no clue x w\ld n h be5 t]rible1 b tame4 ,a m]e unmean+ wild]ness is n ev5 impressive4 ,b ! g>d5 ( *ildhood 0 fasc9at+1 exactly because ev]y?+ _h a fix$ mean+ :i* c\ld be f\nd out 9 its turn4 ,in* by in* ,i might discov] :at 0 ! object ( ! ugly %ape call$ a rake2 or =m "s %ad[y conjecture z to :y my p>5ts kept a cat4 ,s1 s9ce ,i h accept$ ,*ri/5dom z a "m & n m]ely z a *ance example1 ,i h f\nd ,europe & ! _w once m l ! little g>d5 :]e ,i />$ at ! symbolic %apes ( cat & rake2 ,i look at ev]y?+ ) ! old elvi% ignorance & expectancy4 ,?is or t rite or doctr9e may look z ugly & extraord9>y z a rake2 b ,i h f\nd by exp]i5ce t su* ?+s end someh[ 9 grass & fl[]s4 ,a cl]gyman may be app>5tly z useless z a cat1 b he is also z fasc9at+1 = !re mu/ be "s /range reason = 8 exi/5ce4 ,i give "o in/ance out ( a hundr$2 ,i h n myself any in/9ctive k9%ip ) t en?usiasm = physical virg9ity1 :i* has c]ta9ly be5 a note ( hi/oric ,*ri/ianity4 ,b :5 ,i look n at myself b at ! _w1 ,i p]ceive t ?is en?usiasm is n only a note ( ,*ri/ianity1 b a note ( ,paganism1 a note ( high human nature 9 _m sph]es4 ,! ,greeks felt virg9ity :5 !y c>v$ ,artemis1 ! ,romans :5 !y rob$ ! ve/als1 ! wor/ & wilde/ ( ! great ,elizabe?an playwrights clung to ! lit]al purity ( a woman z to ! c5tral pill> ( ! _w4 ,above all1 ! mod]n _w 7ev5 :ile mock+ sexual innoc5ce7 has flung itself into a g5]\s idolatry ( sexual innoc5ce-- ! great mod]n wor%ip ( *ildr54 ,= any man :o loves *ildr5 w agree t _! peculi> beauty is hurt by a h9t ( physical sex4 ,) all ?is human exp]i5ce1 alli$ ) ! ,*ri/ian au?ority1 ,i simply conclude t ,i am wrong1 & ! *ur* "r2 or r t ,i am defective1 :ile ! *ur* is univ]sal4 ,x takes all sorts to make a *ur*2 %e does n ask me to be celibate4 ,b ! fact t ,i h no appreciation ( ! celibates1 ,i accept l ! fact t ,i h no e> = music4 ,! be/ human exp]i5ce is aga9/ me1 z x is on ! subject ( ,ba*4 ,celibacy is "o fl[] 9 my fa!r's g>d51 ( :i* ,i h n be5 told ! sweet or t]rible "n4 ,b ,i may be told x any day4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is1 9 conclusion1 my reason = accept+ ! religion & n m]ely ! scatt]$ & secul> tru?s out ( ! religion4 ,i d x because ! ?+ has n m]ely told ?is tru? or t tru?1 b has reveal$ itself z a tru?-tell+ ?+4 ,all o!r philosophies say ! ?+s t pla9ly seem to be true2 only ?is philosophy has aga9 & aga9 said ! ?+ t does n seem to be true1 b is true4 ,alone ( all cre$s x is conv9c+ :]e x is n attractive2 x turns out to be "r1 l my fa!r 9 ! g>d54 ,!osophi/s = in/ance w prea* an obvi\sly attractive idea l re-inc>nation2 b if we wait = its logical results1 !y are spiritual sup]cili\sness & ! cruelty ( ca/e4 ,= if a man is a begg> by 8 own pre-natal s9s1 p w t5d to despise ! begg>4 ,b ,*ri/ianity prea*es an obvi\sly unattractive idea1 su* z orig9al s92 b :5 we wait = its results1 !y are pa?os & bro!rhood1 & a ?und] ( laught] & pity2 = only ) orig9al s9 we c at once pity ! begg> & di/ru/ ! k+4 ,m5 ( sci5ce (f] u heal?1 an obvi\s b5efit2 x is only aft]w>ds t we discov] t by heal?1 !y mean bodily slav]y & spiritual t$ium4 ,or?odoxy makes u jump by ! sudd5 br9k ( hell2 x is only aft]w>ds t we realise t jump+ 0 an a?letic ex]cise highly b5eficial to our heal?4 ,x is only aft]w>ds t we realise t ?is dang] is ! root ( all drama & romance4 ,! /ronge/ argum5t = ! div9e grace is simply its ungraci\sness4 ,! unpopul> p>ts ( ,*ri/ianity turn out :5 exam9$ to be ! v props ( ! p4 ,! out] r+ ( ,*ri/ianity is a rigid gu>d ( e?ical abnegations & pr(essional prie/s2 b inside t inhuman gu>d y w f9d ! old human life danc+ l *ildr51 & dr9k+ w9e l m52 = ,*ri/ianity is ! only frame = pagan fre$om4 ,b 9 ! mod]n philosophy ! case is opposite2 x is its out] r+ t is obvi\sly arti/ic & emancipat$2 its despair is )94 ,& its despair is ?is1 t x does n really believe t !re is any mean+ 9 ! univ]se2 !re=e x _c hope to f9d any romance2 its romances w h no plots4 ,a man _c expect any adv5tures 9 ! l& ( an>*y4 ,b a man c expect any numb] ( adv5tures if he goes travell+ 9 ! l& ( au?ority4 ,"o c f9d no mean+s 9 a jungle ( scepticism2 b ! man w f9d m & m mean+s :o walks ?r\gh a =e/ ( doctr9e & design4 ,"h ev]y?+ has a /ory ti$ to its tail1 l ! tools or pictures 9 my fa!r's h\se2 = x is my fa!r's h\se4 ,i end :]e ,i began--at ! "r end4 ,i h ent]$ at la/ ! gate ( all good philosophy4 ,i h come into my second *ildhood4 ,b ?is l>g] & m adv5tur\s ,*ri/ian univ]se has "o f9al m>k difficult to express2 yet z a conclusion ( ! :ole matt] ,i w attempt to express x4 ,all ! real argum5t ab\t religion turns on ! "q ( :e!r a man :o 0 born upside d[n c tell :5 he comes "r way up4 ,! prim>y p>adox ( ,*ri/ianity is t ! ord9>y condition ( man is n 8 sane or s5sible condition2 t ! normal itself is an abnormality4 ,t is ! inmo/ philosophy ( ! ,fall4 ,9 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge's int]e/+ new ,cate*ism1 ! fir/ two que/ions 73 ,:at are y8 & ,:at1 !n1 is ! mean+ ( ! ,fall ( ,man8 ,i rememb] amus+ myself by writ+ my own answ]s to ! que/ions2 b ,i soon f\nd t !y 7 v brok5 & agno/ic answ]s4 ,to ! "q1 ,:at are y8 ,i c\ld only answ]1 ,god kn[s4 ,& to ! "q1 ,:at is meant by ! ,fall8 ,i c\ld answ] ) complete s9c]ity1 ,t :atev] ,i am1 ,i am n myself4 ,?is is ! prime p>adox ( our religion2 some?+ t we h nev] 9 any full s5se kn[n1 is n only bett] ?an ourselves1 b ev5 m natural to u ?an ourselves4 ,& !re is really no te/ ( ?is except ! m]ely exp]im5tal "o ) :i* ^! pages began1 ! te/ ( ! padd$ cell & ! op5 door4 ,x is only s9ce ,i h kn[n or?odoxy t ,i h kn[n m5tal emancipation4 ,b1 9 conclusion1 x has "o special application to ! ultimate idea ( joy4 ,x is said t ,paganism is a religion ( joy & ,*ri/ianity ( sorr[2 x w\ld be j z easy to prove t ,paganism is pure sorr[ & ,*ri/ianity pure joy4 ,su* conflicts mean no?+ & lead n[h]e4 ,ev]y?+ human mu/ h 9 x bo? joy & sorr[2 ! only matt] ( int]e/ is ! mann] 9 :i* ! two ?+s are balanc$ or divid$4 ,& ! really int]e/+ ?+ is ?is1 t ! pagan 0 79 ! ma97 happi] & happi] z he approa*$ ! e>?1 b sadd] & sadd] z he approa*$ ! heav5s4 ,! gaiety ( ! be/ ,paganism1 z 9 ! playfulness ( ,catullus or ,!ocritus1 is1 inde$1 an et]nal gaiety nev] to be =gott5 by a grateful humanity4 ,b x is all a gaiety ab\t ! facts ( life1 n ab\t its orig94 ,to ! pagan ! small ?+s are z sweet z ! small brooks break+ out ( ! m\nta92 b ! broad ?+s are z bitt] z ! sea4 ,:5 ! pagan looks at ! v core ( ! cosmos he is /ruck cold4 ,beh9d ! gods1 :o are m]ely despotic1 sit ! fates1 :o are deadly4 ,nay1 ! fates are worse ?an deadly2 !y are dead4 ,& :5 rationali/s say t ! anci5t _w 0 m enlight5$ ?an ! ,*ri/ian1 f _! po9t ( view !y are "r4 ,= :5 !y say enlight5$ !y mean d>k5$ ) incurable despair4 ,x is pr(\ndly true t ! anci5t _w 0 m mod]n ?an ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! common bond is 9 ! fact t anci5ts & mod]ns h bo? be5 mis]able ab\t exi/5ce1 ab\t ev]y?+1 :ile m$iaevals 7 happy ab\t t at lea/4 ,i freely grant t ! pagans1 l ! mod]ns1 7 only mis]able ab\t ev]y?+--!y 7 q jolly ab\t ev]y?+ else4 ,i conc$e t ! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 only at peace ab\t ev]y?+--!y 7 at w> ab\t ev]y?+ else4 ,b if ! "q turn on ! prim>y pivot ( ! cosmos1 !n !re 0 m cosmic cont5tm5t 9 ! n>r[ & bloody /reets ( ,flor5ce ?an 9 ! !atre ( ,a!ns or ! op5 g>d5 ( ,epicurus4 ,giotto liv$ 9 a gloomi] t[n ?an ,euripides1 b he liv$ 9 a gay] univ]se4 ,! mass ( m5 h be5 =c$ to be gay ab\t ! little ?+s1 b sad ab\t ! big ones4 ,nev]!less 7,i (f] my la/ dogma defiantly7 x is n native to man to be s4 ,man is m himself1 man is m manlike1 :5 joy is ! fundam5tal ?+ 9 him1 & grief ! sup]ficial4 ,melan*oly %\ld be an innoc5t int]lude1 a t5d] & fugitive frame ( m9d2 praise %\ld be ! p]man5t pulsation ( ! s\l4 ,pessimism is at be/ an emotional half-holiday2 joy is ! upro>i\s lab\r by :i* all ?+s live4 ,yet1 accord+ to ! app>5t e/ate ( man z se5 by ! pagan or ! agno/ic1 ?is prim>y ne$ ( human nature c nev] be fulfill$4 ,joy ought to be expansive2 b = ! agno/ic x mu/ be contract$1 x mu/ cl+ to "o corn] ( ! _w4 ,grief ought to be a conc5tration2 b = ! agno/ic its desolation is spread ?r\gh an un?9kable et]nity4 ,?is is :at ,i call be+ born upside d[n4 ,! sceptic may truly be said to be topsy-turvy2 = 8 feet are danc+ upw>ds 9 idle ec/asies1 :ile 8 bra9 is 9 ! abyss4 ,to ! mod]n man ! heav5s are actually bel[ ! e>?4 ,! explanation is simple2 he is /&+ on 8 head2 :i* is a v weak p$e/al to /& on4 ,b :5 he has f\nd 8 feet aga9 he kn[s x4 ,*ri/ianity satisfies sudd5ly & p]fectly man's ance/ral in/9ct = be+ ! "r way up2 satisfies x supremely 9 ?is2 t by its cre$ joy becomes some?+ gigantic & sadness some?+ special & small4 ,! vault above u is n deaf because ! univ]se is an idiot2 ! sil5ce is n ! he>tless sil5ce ( an endless & aimless _w4 ,r ! sil5ce ar\nd u is a small & pitiful /illness l ! prompt /illness 9 a sick-room4 ,we are p]haps p]mitt$ trag$y z a sort ( m]ciful com$y3 because ! frantic en]gy ( div9e ?+s w\ld knock u d[n l a drunk5 f>ce4 ,we c take our own te>s m lightly ?an we c\ld take ! trem5d\s levities ( ! angels4 ,s we sit p]haps 9 a />ry *amb] ( sil5ce1 :ile ! laught] ( ! heav5s is too l\d = u to he>4 ,joy1 :i* 0 ! small publicity ( ! pagan1 is ! gigantic secret ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,& z ,i close ?is *aotic volume ,i op5 aga9 ! /range small book f :i* all ,*ri/ianity came2 & ,i am aga9 haunt$ by a k9d ( confirmation4 ,! trem5d\s figure :i* fills ! ,gospels t[]s 9 ?is respect1 z 9 e o!r1 above all ! ?9k]s :o ev] ?\ght !mselves tall4 ,8 pa?os 0 natural1 almo/ casual4 ,! ,/oics1 anci5t & mod]n1 7 pr\d ( conceal+ _! te>s4 ,he nev] conceal$ ,8 te>s2 ,he %[$ !m pla9ly on ,8 op5 face at any daily sight1 su* z ! f> sight ( ,8 native city4 ,yet ,he conceal$ some?+4 ,solemn sup]m5 & imp]ial diplomati/s are pr\d ( re/ra9+ _! ang]4 ,he nev] re/ra9$ ,8 ang]4 ,he flung furniture d[n ! front /eps ( ! ,temple1 & ask$ m5 h[ !y expect$ to escape ! damnation ( ,hell4 ,yet ,he re/ra9$ some?+4 ,i say x ) rev]5ce2 !re 0 9 t %att]+ p]sonality a ?read t mu/ be call$ %yness4 ,!re 0 some?+ t ,he hid f all m5 :5 ,he w5t up a m\nta9 to pray4 ,!re 0 some?+ t ,he cov]$ con/antly by abrupt sil5ce or impetu\s isolation4 ,!re 0 "s "o ?+ t 0 too great = ,god to %[ u :5 ,he walk$ ^u our e>?2 & ,i h sometimes fanci$ t x 0 ,8 mir?4