,,volume ,v ,,the ,,german ,,classics ,masterpieces of ,german ,literature ,,translated ,,into ,,english ,patrons' ,edition ,,in ,,twenty ,,volumes ,,illustrated #aiad ,,contributors ,,and ,,translators ,,volume ,v 99 99 99 99 99 ,special ,writers ,,frank ,,thilly1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,professor of ,philosophy1 ,cornell ,university3 ,the ,romantic ,philosophers--,fichte1 ,schelling1 and ,schleiermacher4 ,,george ,h4 ,,danton1 ,,ph4,d41 ,professor of ,german1 ,butler ,college3 ,later ,german ,romanticism4 ,translators ,,percy ,,mackaye1 ,dramatist and ,poet3 ,departure2 ,would ,i were ,free as are ,my ,dreams4 ,a4,i4 ,,du ,p4 ,,coleman1 ,a4,m41 ,professor of ,english ,literature1 ,college of the ,city of ,new ,york3 ,taillefer2 ,the ,lion's ,bride2 ,the ,crucifix2 ,the ,old ,singer2 ,from ,my ,childhood ,days2 ,the ,invitation2 ,a ,parable2 ,at ,forty ,years2 etc4 ,,margarete ,m,,nsterberg3 ,selections from ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn2 ,union ,song2 ,the ,mother ,tongue2 ,spring ,greeting to the ,fatherland2 ,freedom2 ,charlemagne's ,voyage2 ,chidher2 etc4 ,,herman ,,montagu ,,donner3 ,ltzow's ,wild ,band2 ,cavalryman's ,morning ,song4 ,,louis ,h4 ,,gray1 ,,ph4,d43 ,addresses to the ,german ,nation4 ,,frederic ,h4 ,,hedge3 ,the ,destiny of ,man2 ,the ,wonderful ,history of ,peter ,schlemihl2 ,the ,golden ,pot4 ,,george ,,ripley3 ,on the ,social ,element in ,religion4 ,j4 ,,elliot ,,cabot3 ,on the ,relation of the ,plastic ,arts to ,nature4 ,,mrs4 ,a4,l4,w4 ,,wister3 ,from the ,life of a ,good-for-nothing4 ,,margaret ,,hunt3 ,the ,frog ,king1 or ,iron ,henry2 ,the ,wolf and the ,seven ,little ,kids2 ,rapunzel2 ,haensel and ,grethel2 ,the ,fisherman and ,his ,wife4 ,f4,e4 ,,bunnett3 ,selections from ,undine4 ,h4,w4 ,,dulcken3 ,song of the ,fatherland2 ,the ,white ,hart2 ,evening ,song2 ,before the ,doors4 ,c4,t4 ,,brooks3 ,men and ,knaves2 ,prayer ,during ,battle2 ,song of the ,mountain ,boy2 ,the ,chapel2 etc4 ,w4,w4 ,,skeat3 ,the ,shepherd's ,sang on the ,lord's ,day2 ,the ,hostess' ,daughter2 ,the ,good ,comrade4 ,w4,h4 ,,furness3 ,the ,lost ,church2 ,the ,minstrel's ,curse4 ,,henry ,w4 ,,longfellow3 ,the ,luck of ,edenhall2 ,remorse2 ,the ,castle by the ,sea4 ,,kate ,,freiligrath-,,kroeker3 ,on the ,death of a ,child4 ,c4,g4 ,,leland3 ,the ,broken ,ring4 ,,alfred ,,baskerville3 ,morning ,prayer2 ,the ,castle of ,boncourt2 ,woman's ,love and ,life2 ,the ,spring of ,love2 etc4 ,,bayard ,,taylor and ,,lilian ,,bayard ,,taylor ,,kiliani3 ,the ,women of ,weinsberg2 ,barbarossa2 the ,grave of ,alaric4 ,,john ,,oxenford3 ,the ,sentinel4 ,,lord ,,lindsay3 ,the ,pilgrim ,before ,st4 ,just's4 ,,bayard ,,taylor3 ,he ,came to ,meet ,me4 ,,contents ,,of ,,volume ,v ,the ,romantic ,philosophers--,fichte1 ,schelling1 and ,schleiermacher4 ,by ,frank ,thilly ,friedrich ,schleiermacher ,on the ,social ,element in ,religion4 ,translated by ,george ,ripley ,johann ,gottlieb ,fichte ,the ,destiny of ,man4 ,translated by ,frederic ,h4 ,hedge ,addresses to the ,german ,nation4 ,translated by ,louis ,h4 ,gray ,friedrich ,wilhelm ,joseph von ,schelling ,on the ,relation of the ,plastic ,arts to ,nature4 ,translated by ,j4 ,elliot ,cabot 99 99 99 99 99 ,later ,german ,romanticism4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,danton ,ludwig ,achim von ,arnim and ,clemens ,brentano ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn4 ,selections translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,were ,i a ,little ,bird ,the ,mountaineer ,as ,many as ,sand-grains in the ,sea ,the ,swiss ,deserter ,the ,tailor in ,hell ,the ,reaper ,jacob and ,wilhelm ,grimm ,fairy ,tales4 ,translated by ,margaret ,hunt4 ,the ,frog ,king1 or ,iron ,henry ,the ,wolf and the ,seven ,little ,kids ,rapunzel ,haensel and ,grethel ,the ,fisherman and ,his ,wife ,ernst ,moritz ,arndt ,song of the ,fatherland4 ,translated by ,h4,w4 ,dulcken ,union ,song4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,theodor ,krner ,men and ,knaves4 ,translated by ,c4,t4 ,brooks ,ltzow's ,wild ,band4 ,translated by ,herman ,montagu ,donner ,prayer ,during ,battle4 ,translated by ,c4,t4 ,brooks ,maximilian ,gottfried von ,schenkendorf ,the ,mother ,tongue4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,spring ,greeting to the ,fatherland4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,freedom4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,ludwig ,uhland ,the ,chapel4 ,translated by ,c4,t4 ,brooks ,the ,shepherd's ,song on the ,lord's ,day4 ,translated by ,w4,w4 ,skeat ,the ,castle by the ,sea4 ,translated by ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow ,song of the ,mountain ,boy4 ,translated by ,c4,t4 ,brooks ,departure4 ,translated by ,percy ,mac,kaye ,farewell4 ,translated by ,alfred ,baskerville ,the ,hostess' ,daughter4 ,translated by ,w4,w4 ,skeat ,the ,good ,comrade4 ,translated by ,w4,w4 ,skeat ,the ,white ,hart4 ,translated by ,h4,w4 ,dulcken ,the ,lost ,church4 ,translated by ,w4,h4 ,furness ,charlemagne's ,voyage4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,free ,art4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,taillefer4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,suabian ,legend4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,the ,blind ,king4 ,translated by ,c4,t4 ,brooks ,the ,minstrel's ,curse4 ,translated by ,w4,h4 ,furness ,the ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,translated by ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow ,on the ,death of a ,child4 ,translated by ,kate ,freiligrath-,kroeker ,joseph von ,eichendorff ,the ,broken ,ring4 ,translated by ,c4,g4 ,leland ,morning ,prayer4 ,translated by ,alfred ,baskerville ,from the ,life of a ,good-for-nothing4 ,translated by ,mrs4 ,a4,l4,w4 ,wister ,adalbert von ,chamisso ,the ,castle of ,boncourt4 ,translated by ,alfred ,baskerville ,the ,lion's ,bride4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,woman's ,love and ,life4 ,translated by ,alfred ,baskerville ,the ,women of ,weinsberg4 ,translated by ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani ,the ,crucifix4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,the ,old ,singer4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,the ,old ,washerwoman4 ,from the ,foreign ,quarterly ,the ,wonderful ,history of ,peter ,schlemihl4 ,translated by ,frederic ,h4 ,hedge ,ernst ,theodor ,amadeus ,hoffmann ,the ,golden ,pot4 ,translated by ,frederic ,h4 ,hedge ,friedrich ,baron de la ,motte-,fouqu ,selections from ,undine4 ,translated by ,f4,e4 ,bunnett ,wilhelm ,hauff ,cavalryman's ,morning ,song4 ,translated by ,herman ,montagu ,donner ,the ,sentinel4 ,translated by ,john ,oxenford ,friedrich ,rckert ,barbarossa4 ,translated by ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani ,from ,my ,childhood ,days4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,the ,spring of ,love4 ,translated by ,alfred ,baskerville ,he ,came to ,meet ,me4 ,translated by ,bayard ,taylor ,the ,invitation4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,murmur ,not4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,a ,parable4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,evening ,song4 ,translated by ,h4,w4 ,dulcken ,chidher4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,at ,forty ,years4 ,translated by ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,before the ,doors4 ,translated by ,h4,w4 ,dulcken ,august von ,platen-,hallermund ,the ,pilgrim ,before ,st4 ,just's4 ,translated by ,lord ,lindsay ,the ,grave of ,alaric4 ,translated by ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani ,remorse4 ,translated by ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow ,would ,i were ,free as are ,my ,dreams4 ,translated by ,percy ,mac,kaye ,sonnet4 ,translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,,illustrations--,,volume ,v ,heidelberg ,friedrich ,schleiermacher4 ,by ,e4 ,hader ,the ,three ,hermits4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,johann ,gottlieb ,fichte4 ,by ,bury ,volunteers of #ahac before ,king ,friedrich ,wilhelm ,,iii in ,breslau4 ,by ,f4,w4 ,scholtz ,friedrich ,wilhelm ,joseph von ,schelling4 ,by ,carl ,begas ,the ,jungfrau4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,the ,magic ,horn4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,ludwig ,achim von ,arnim4 ,by ,strhling ,clemens ,brentano4 ,by ,e4 ,linder ,the ,reaper4 ,by ,walter ,crane ,wilhelm ,grimm4 ,by ,e4 ,hader ,jacob ,grimm4 ,by ,e4 ,hader ,hnsel and ,gretel4 ,by ,ludwig ,richter ,ernst ,moritz ,arndt4 ,by ,julius ,rting ,theodor ,krner4 ,by ,e4 ,hader ,maximilian ,gottfried von ,schenkendorf ,ludwig ,uhland4 ,by ,c4 ,jger ,the ,villa by the ,sea4 ,by ,arnold ,bcklin ,leaving at ,dawn4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,joseph von ,eichendorff4 ,by ,franz ,kugler ,adalbert von ,chamisso4 ,by ,c4 ,jger ,the ,wedding ,journey4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,ernst ,theodor ,amadeus ,hofmann4 ,by ,hensel ,friedrich ,baron de la ,motte-,fouqu ,wilhelm ,hauff4 ,by ,e4 ,hader ,the ,sentinel4 ,by ,robert ,haug ,friedrich ,rckert4 ,by ,c4 ,jger ,memories of ,youth4 ,by ,ludwig ,richter ,august ,graf von ,platen-,hallermund ,the ,morning ,hour4 ,by ,moritz von ,schwind ,,the ,,romantic ,,philosophers--,,fichte1 ,,schelling1 ,,and ,,schleiermacher ,by ,,frank ,,thilly1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,professor of ,philosophy1 ,cornell ,university ,the ,enlightenment of the eighteenth century had implicit faith in the powers of human reason to reach the truth4 ,with its logical-mathematical method it endeavored to illuminate every nook and corner of knowledge1 to remove all obscurity1 mystery1 bigotry1 and superstition1 to find a reason for everything under the sun4 ,nature1 religion1 the ,state1 law1 morality1 language1 and art were brought under the searchlight of reason and reduced to simple and self-evident principles4 ,human institutions were measured according to their reasonableness2 whatever was not rational had no raison d'tre2 to demolish the natural and historical in order to make room for the rational became the practical ideal of the day4 ,enlightenment emphasized the worth and dignity of the human individual1 it sought to deliver him from the slavery of authority and tradition1 to make him self-reliant in thought and action1 to obtain for him his natural rights1 to secure his happiness and perfection in a world expressly made for him1 and to guarantee the continuance of his personal existence in the life to come4 ,in ,germany this great movement found expression in a popular commonsense philosophy which proved the existence of ,god1 freedom1 and immortality1 and conceived the universe as a rational order designed by an all-wise and all-good ,creator for the benefit of man1 his highest product2 while other thinkers regarded ,spinozism as the only rational system1 indeed as the last word of all speculative metaphysics2 for them logical thought necessarily led to pantheism and determinism4 ,in ,france1 after reaching its climax in ,voltaire1 it ended in materialism1 atheism1 and fatalism2 and in ,england1 where it had developed the empiricism of ,locke1 it came to grief in the scepticism of ,hume4 ,if we can know only our impressions1 then rational theology1 cosmology1 and psychology are impossible1 and it is futile to philosophize about ,god1 the world1 and the human soul4 ,consistently carried out1 the logical-mathematical method seemed to land the intellect in ,spinozism or in materialism--in either case to catch man in the causal machinery of nature4 ,in this dilemma many were tempted to throw reason overboard as an instrument of ultimate truth1 and to seek for certainty through other functions of the human soul--in feeling1 faith1 or mystical vision of some sort2 the claims of the heart and will were urged against the proud pretensions of the intellect 7,hamann1 ,herder1 ,jacobi74 ,another way of escape was found by substituting the organic conception of reality for the logical-mathematical view of the ,aufklrung2 nature and life1 poetry1 art1 language1 political1 social1 and religious institutions are not creations of reason1 not things made to order1 but organic--products of evolution 7,lessing1 ,herder1 ,winckelmann1 ,goethe74 ,man1 himself1 moreover1 is not mere intellect1 but a being in whom feelings1 impulses1 yearnings1 will1 are elements to be reckoned with4 ,and reality is not as transparent as the ,enlightenment assumed it to be2 existence divided by reason leaves a remainder1 as ,goethe had put it4 ,it was ,immanuel ,kant who tried to arbitrate between the conflicting tendencies of his age4 ,he was an ,aufklrer in so far as he brought reason itself to the bar of reason and sat in judgment upon its claims1 and1 likewise1 in so far as he insisted on the objective validity of physics and mathematics4 ,but he was as much opposed to the pretentiousness of dogmatic metaphysics as to the pusillanimity of scepticism and the ,schwrmerei of mysticism4 ,he repudiated the shallow proofs of the existence of ,god1 freedom1 and immortality no less emphatically than he rejected materialism with its atheism1 fatalism1 and hedonism4 ,he tried to save everything worth saving--rational knowledge1 modern science1 the basal truths of the old metaphysics1 and the most precious human values4 ,for the scientific intelligence1 so he held1 nature and the self are absolutely determined2 every physical occurrence and every human act are necessary links in a causal chain4 ,but such knowledge is possible only in the field of phenomena 7,erscheinungen72 through sense-perception and the discursive understanding we cannot reach the inner core of reality2 nor can we pierce the veil of appearances by means of intellectual intuitions1 mystical visions1 feeling1 or faith1 i4e41 through the emotional and instinctive parts of our nature4 ,it is the presence of the moral law or categorical imperative within us that points to a spiritual world beyond the phenomenal causal order and assures us of our freedom1 immortality1 and ,god4 ,it is because we possess this deeper source of truth in practical reason that freedom and an ideal kingdom in which purpose reigns are vouchsafed to us1 and that we can free ourselves from the mechanism of the natural order4 ,it is moral truth that both sets us free and demonstrates our freedom1 and that makes harmony possible between the mechanical theory of science and the teleological conception of philosophy4 ,the scientific understanding would plunge us into determinism and agnosticism2 from these1 faith in the moral law alone can deliver us4 ,in this sense ,kant destroyed knowledge to make room for a rational faith in a supersensible world1 to save the independence and dignity of the human self and the spiritual values of his people4 ,in claiming a place for the autonomous personality in what appeared to be a mechanical universe1 ,kant gave voice to some of the deeper yearnings of the age4 ,the ,german ,enlightenment1 the new humanism1 mysticism1 pietism1 and the faith-philosophy were all interested in the human soul1 and unwilling to sacrifice it to the demands of a rationalistic science or metaphysics4 ,in seeking to rescue it1 the great criticist1 piloted by the moral law1 steered his course between the rocks of rationalism1 sentimentalism1 and scepticism4 ,it was his solution of the controversy between the head and the heart that influenced ,fichte1 ,schelling1 and ,schleiermacher4 ,they differed from ,kant and among themselves in many respects1 but they all glorified the spirit1 ,geist1 as the living1 active element of reality1 and they all rejected the intellect as the source of ultimate truth4 ,they followed him in his anti-intellectualism1 but they did not avoid1 as he did1 the attractive doctrine of an inner intuition2 according to them we can somehow grasp the supersensible in an inner experience which ,fichte called intellectual1 ,schelling artistic1 ,schleiermacher religious4 ,the bankruptcy of the intelligence was overcome in their systems by the discovery of a faculty that revealed to them the living1 dynamic nature of the universe4 ,they were all more or less influenced by the romantic currents of the times1 seeking with ,herder and ,jacobi an approach to the heart of things other than through the categories of logic4 ,like ,lessing and ,goethe1 they were also attracted to the pantheistic teaching of ,spinoza1 though rejecting its rigid determinism so far as it might affect the human will4 ,they likewise accepted the idea of development which the leaders of ,german literature1 ,lessing1 ,herder1 and ,goethe1 had already opposed to the unhistorical ,aufklrung1 and which came to play such a prominent part in the great system of ,hegel4 ,johann ,gottlieb ,fichte was born in ,ramenau1 ,oberlausitz1 ,may #ai1 #agfb1 the son of a poor weaver4 ,through the generosity of a nobleman1 the gifted lad was enabled to follow his intellectual bent2 after attending the schools at ,meissen and ,schulpforta he studied theology at the universities of ,jena1 ,leipzig1 and ,wittenberg with the purpose of entering the ministry4 ,his poverty frequently compelled him to interrupt his studies by accepting private tutorships in families1 so that he never succeeded in preparing him self for the examinations4 ,in #agij he became acquainted with ,kant's philosophy1 which two students had asked him to expound to them1 and to which he now devoted himself with feverish zeal4 ,it revolutionized his entire mode of thought and determined the course of his life4 ,the anonymous publication of his book1 ,attempt at a ,critique of all ,revelation1 in #agib1 written from the ,kantian point of view and mistaken at first for a work of the great criticist1 won him fame and a professorship at ,jena 7#agid74 ,here1 in the intellectual centre of ,germany1 ,fichte became the eloquent exponent of the new idealism1 which aimed at the reform of life as well as of ,wissenschaft2 he not only taught philosophy1 but preached it1 as ,kuno ,fischer has aptly said4 ,during the ,jena period he laid the foundations for his ,science of ,knowledge 7,wissenschaftslehre7 which he presented in numerous works3 ,the ,conception of the ,science of ,knowledge1 #agid2 ,the ,foundation of the ,entire ,science of ,knowledge1 #agid2 ,the ,foundation of ,natural ,rights1 #agif2 ,the ,system of ,ethics1 #agih--7;all these translated by ,kroeger72 the two ,introductions to the ,science of ,knowledge1 #agig 7trans4 by ,kroeger in ,journal of ,speculative ,philosophy74 ,the appearance of an article ,concerning the ,ground of our ,belief in a ,divine ,world-,order1 #agih1 in which ,fichte seemed to identify ,god with the moral world-order1 brought down upon him the charge of atheism1 against which he vigorously defended himself in his ,appeal to the ,public and a series of other writings4 ,full of indignation over the attitude which his government assumed in the matter1 be offered his resignation 7#agii7 and removed to ,berlin1 where he presented his philosophical notions in popular public lectures and in writings which were characterized by clearness1 force1 and moral earnestness rather than by their systematic form4 ,there appeared3 ,the ,vocation of ,man1 #ahjj 7translated by ,dr4 ,smith72 ,a ,sun-,clear ,statement concerning the ,nature of the ,new ,philosophy1 #ahja 7trans4 by ,kroeger in ,journal of ,speculative ,philosophy72 ,the ,nature of the ,scholar1 #ahjf 7trans4 by ,smith72 ,characteristics of the ,present ,age1 #ahjf 7trans4 by ,smith72 ,the ,way towards the ,blessed ,life1 #ahjf 7trans4 by ,smith74 ,after the overthrow of ,prussia by ,napoleon1 in #ahjf1 ,fichte fled from ,berlin to ,knigsberg and ,sweden1 but returned when peace was declared in #ahjg1 and delivered his celebrated ,addresses to the ,german ,nation1 #ahjg-jh1 in which he sought to arouse the ,german people to a consciousness of their national mission and their duty even while the ,french army was still occupying the ,prussian capital4 ,fichte was appointed professor of philosophy 7#ahaj7 in the new ,university of ,berlin1 for which he had been invited to construct a plan and in the establishment of which he took a lively interest4 ,during the last period of his life he devoted himself to the development of his thoughts in systematic form and wrote a number of books2 most of these were published after his death1 which occurred ,january #bg1 #ahad4 ,among them we mention3 ,general ,outline of the ,science of ,knowledge1 #ahaj 7trans4 by ,smith72 ,the ,facts of ,consciousness1 #ahac2 ,theory of the ,state1 published #ahbj4 ,the ,complete ,works1 edited by his son1 ,j4,h4 ,fichte1 appeared #ahdc-df4 ,new editions of particular works are now appearing4 ,the world for ,fichte is at bottom a spiritual order1 the revelation of a self-determining ego or reason2 hence the science of the ego1 or reason1 the ,wissenschaftslehre1 is the key to all knowledge1 and we can understand nature and man only when we have caught the secret of the self-active ego4 ,philosophy must1 therefore1 be ,wissenschaftslehre1 for in it all natural and mental sciences find their ultimate roots2 they can yield genuine knowledge only when and in so far as they are based on the principles of the ,science of ,knowledge--mere empirical sciences having no real cognitive value4 ,the ego-principle itself1 however1 without which there could be no knowledge1 cannot be grasped by the ordinary discursive understanding with its spatial1 temporal1 and causal categories4 ,kant is right3 if we were limited to the scientific intellect1 we could never rise above the conception of a phenomenal order absolutely ruled by the causal law4 ,but there is another source of knowledge3 in an act of inner vision or intellectual intuition1 which is itself an act of freedom1 we become conscious of the universal moral purpose2 the law of duty or the categorical imperative commands us to be free persons4 ,we cannot refuse to accept this law without abandoning ourselves as persons1 without conceiving ourselves as things1 or mere products of nature2 the choice of one's philosophy1 therefore1 depends upon what kind of man one is--upon one's values1 upon one's will4 ,the type of man who is a slave of things1 who cannot raise himself out of the causal mechanism1 who is not free1 will never be able to conceive himself otherwise than as a cog in a wheel4 ,fichte accepts the ego1 or spirit1 as the ultimate and absolute principle1 because it alone can give our life worth and meaning4 ,thus he grounds his entire philosophy upon a moral imperative which presents itself to the ego in an inner vision4 ,he also tells us that we can become immediately aware of the pure activity of the ego1 of our free action1 in a similar act of intellectual intuition4 ,but we cannot know this free act unless we perform it ourselves2 no one can understand the idealistic philosophy who is not free2 hence philosophy begins with an act of freedom--im ,anfang war die ,tat4 ,in order that we may rise to free action1 opposition is needed1 and this we get in the spatial-temporal world of phenomena1 or nature1 which the ego creates for itself in order to have resistance to overcome4 ,fichte conceives of nature as the material of our duty1 as the obstacle against which the ego can exercise its freedom4 ,there could be no free action without something to act upon1 and there could be no purposive action without a world in which everything happens according to law2 and such a causal world we have in our phenomenal order1 which is the product of the absolute spiritual principle4 ,by the ego ,fichte did not mean the subjective ego1 the particular individual self with all its idiosyncrasies1 but the universal ego1 the reason that manifests itself in all conscious individuals as universal and necessary truth4 ,in his earlier period he did not define his thought very carefully1 but in time the absolute ego came to be conceived as the principle of all life and consciousness1 as universal life1 and ultimately identified with ,god4 ,his philosophy is1 therefore1 not subjective idealism1 although it was so misinterpreted1 but objective idealism2 nature is not the creation of the particular individual ego1 but the phenomenal expression1 or reflection1 in the subject of the universal spiritual principle4 ,upon such an idealistic world-view ,fichte based the ethical teachings through which he exercised a lasting influence upon the ,german people and the history of human thought4 ,the universal ego is a moral ego1 an ego with an ethical purpose1 that realizes itself in nature and in man2 it is1 therefore1 the vocation of man to obey the voice of duty and to free himself from the bondage of nature1 to be a person1 not a thing1 to coperate in the realization of the eternal purpose which is working itself out in the history of humanity1 to sacrifice himself for the ideal of freedom4 ,every individual has his particular place in which to labor for the social whole2 how to do it1 his conscience will tell him without fail4 ,and so1 too1 the ,german people has its peculiar place in civilization1 its unique contribution to make in the struggle of the human race for the development of free personality4 ,it is ,germany's mission to regain its nationality1 in order that it may take the philosophical leadership in the work of civilization1 and to establish a ,state based upon personal liberty1 a veritable kingdom of justice1 such as has never appeared on earth1 which shall realize freedom based upon the equality of all who bear the human form4 ,the ,fichtean philosophy holds the mirror up to its age4 ,with the ,enlightenment it glorifies reason1 the free personality1 nationality1 humanity1 civilization1 and progress2 in this regard it expresses the spirit of all modern philosophy4 ,it goes beyond the ,aufklrung in emphasizing the living1 moving1 developing nature of reality2 for it1 life and consciousness constitute the essence of things1 and universal life reveals itself in a progressive history of mankind4 ,moreover1 the dynamic spiritual process cannot be comprehended by conceptual thought1 by the categories of a rationalistic science and philosophy1 but only by itself1 by the living experience of a free agent4 ,in the categorical imperative1 and not in logical reasonings1 the individual becomes aware of his destiny2 in the sense of duty1 the love of truth1 loyalty to country1 respect for the rights of man1 and reverence for ideals1 spirit speaks to spirit and man glimpses the eternal4 ,among the elements in this idealism that appealed to the ,romanticists were its anti-intellectualism1 its intuition1 the high value it placed upon the personality1 its historical viewpoint1 and its faith in the uniqueness of ,german culture4 ,they welcomed the ,wissenschaftslehre as a valuable ally1 and exaggerated those features of it which seemed to chime with their own views4 ,the ego which ,fichte conceives as universal reason becomes for them the subjective empirical self1 the unique personality1 in which the unconscious1 spontaneous1 impulsive1 instinctive phase constitutes the original element1 the more extravagant among them transforming the rational moral ego into a romantic ego1 an ego full of mystery and caprice1 and even a lawless ego4 ,such an ego is read into nature2 for1 filled with occult magic forces1 nature can be understood only by the sympathetic divining insight of the poetic genius4 ,and so1 too1 authority and tradition1 as representing the instinctive and historical side of social life1 come into their own again4 ,fichte's chief interest was centred upon the ego2 nature he regarded as a product of the absolute ego in the individual consciousness1 intended as a necessary obstacle for the free will4 ,without opposition the self cannot act2 without overcoming resistance it cannot become free4 ,in order to make free action possible1 to enable the ego to realize its ends1 nature must be what it is1 an order ruled by the iron law of causality4 ,this cheerless conception of nature--which1 however1 was not ,fichte's last word on the subject1 since he afterward came to conceive it as the revelation of universal life1 or the expression of a pantheistic ,god--did not attract ,romanticism4 ,it was ,schelling1 the erstwhile follower and admirer of ,fichte1 who turned his attention to the philosophy of nature and so more thoroughly satisfied the romantic yearnings of the age4 ,friedrich ,wilhelm ,joseph ,schelling was born at ,leonberg1 ,wrtemberg1 ,january #bg1 #agge1 the son of a learned clergyman and writer on theology4 ,he was a precocious child and made rapid progress in his studies1 entering the ,theological ,seminary at ,tbingen at the age of fifteen4 ,between the ages of nineteen and twenty-two he wrote a number of able treatises in the spirit of the new idealism1 and was recognized as the most talented pupil of ,fichte and his best interpreter4 ,after the completion of his course at the ,university 7#agie71 he became the tutor and companion of two young noblemen with whom he remained for two years 7#agif-ih7 at the ,university of ,leipzig1 during which time he devoted himself to the study of mathematics1 physics1 and medicine1 and published a number of philosophical articles4 ,in #agih he received a call to a professorship at ,jena1 where ,fichte1 ,schiller1 ,wilhelm ,schlegel1 and ,hegel became his colleagues1 and where he entered into friendly relations with the ,romantic circle of which ,caroline ,schlegel1 who afterward became his wife1 was a shining light4 ,this was the most productive period of his life2 during the next few years he developed his own system of philosophy and gave to the world his most brilliant writings4 ,in #ahjc he accepted a professorship at ,wrzburg1 but came into conflict with the authorities2 in #ahjf he went to ,munich as a member of the ,academy of ,sciences and ,director of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts2 in #ahbj he moved to ,erlangen2 and in #ahbg he returned to ,munich as professor of philosophy at the newly-established ,university and as ,general ,curator of the ,scientific ,collections of the ,state4 ,he was called to ,berlin in #ahda to help counteract the influence of the ,hegelian ,philosophy1 but met with little success4 ,he died in #ahed4 ,the earlier writings of ,schelling either reproduced the thoughts of the ,wissenschaftslehre or developed them in the ,fichtean spirit4 ,among those of the latter class we note3 ,ideas for a ,philosophy of ,nature1 #agig2 ,on the ,world-,soul1 #agih2 ,system of ,transcendental ,idealism1 #ahjj4 ,during the second period1 in which the influence of ,bruno and ,spinoza is prominent1 he works out his own philosophy of identity2 at this time he publishes ,bruno1 or1 ,concerning the ,natural and ,divine ,principle of ,things1 #ahjb1 and ,method of ,academic ,study1 #ahjc4 ,in the third period the philosophy of identity becomes the basis for a still higher system in which the influence of ,german theosophy 7,jacob ,bhme7 is apparent2 with the exception of ,philosophy and ,religion1 #ahjd1 the ,treatise on ,human ,freedom1 #ahji1 and a few others1 the works of this period did not appear until after ,schelling's death4 ,his previous philosophy is now called by him negative philosophy2 the higher or positive philosophy has as its aim the rational construction of the history of the universe1 or the history of creation1 upon the basis of the religious ideas of peoples2 it is a philosophy of mythology and revelation4 ,translations of some of ,schelling's works are to be found in the ,journal of ,speculative ,philosophy1 an ,american periodical founded by ,w4,t4 ,harris1 which devoted itself to the study of post-,kantian idealism4 ,his ,complete ,works1 edited by his son1 appeared in #ad volumes1 #ahef4 ,there is a revival of interest in his philosophy1 and new editions of his books are now being published4 ,like most philosophers of note1 ,schelling reckons with the various tendencies of his times4 ,with idealism he interprets the universe as identical in essence with what we find in our innermost selves2 it is at bottom a living dynamic process4 ,if that is so1 nature cannot be a merely externalized obstacle for the ego1 nor a dead static spatial mechanical system2 as the expression of an active spiritual principle there must be reason and purpose in it4 ,but reason is not identified by ,schelling with self-conscious intelligence1 for with the faith-philosophies and ,romanticism he takes it in a wider sense2 in physical and organic nature it is a slumbering reason1 an unconscious1 instinctive1 purposive force similar to the ,leibnizian monad1 ,schopenhauer's will1 and ,bergson's lan vital4 ,in this way the dualism between mechanism and teleology is reconciled4 ,nature is a teleological order1 an evolution from the unconscious to the conscious2 in man1 the highest stage and the climax of history1 nature becomes self-conscious4 ,with this organic conception both ,romanticists and many natural scientists of the age were in practical agreement2 it was the view that had always appealed to ,goethe--and ,herder before him--and it gained for ,schelling a large following4 ,in his earlier system he regarded nature as a lower stage in the evolution of reason and sought to answer the problems3 ,how does ,nature become ,consciousness or ,ego8 the problem of the ,philosophy of ,nature2 and1 ,how does ,consciousness or the ,ego become ,nature8 the problem of ,transcendental ,idealism4 ,in his philosophy of identity1 nature and mind are conceived as two different aspects of one and the same principle1 which is both mind and nature1 subject and object1 ego and non-ego4 ,all things are identical in essence but differentiated in the course of evolution4 ,it was not inconsistent with these tenets that ,schelling sought1 in his last period1 to discover the meaning of universal history in the obscure beginnings of mythology and revelation rather than in the lucid regions of an advanced civilization4 ,with the opponents of rationalism ,schelling agrees that we cannot reach the inner meaning of reality1 the living1 moving element in nature1 through the scientific intelligence1 but that we must envisage it in intuition4 ,what is described in concepts1 he tells us1 is at rest2 hence there can be concepts only of things and of that which is finite and sense-perceived4 ,the notion of movement is not movement itself1 and without intuition we should never know what motion is4 ,freedom1 however1 can be comprehended only by freedom1 activity only by activity4 ,schelling1 who is a poet as well as a philosopher1 comes to regard this intuition or inner vision as an artistic intuition4 ,in the products of art1 subject and object1 the ideal and the real1 mind and nature1 form 7or purpose7 and matter1 are one2 here the harmony aimed at by philosophy lies before our very eyes1 and may be seen1 touched1 and heard4 ,the creative artist creates like nature in realizing the ideal2 hence1 art must serve as the absolute model for the intuition of the world--it is the true and eternal organ of philosophy4 ,like the artistic genius1 the philosopher must have the faculty for perceiving the harmony and identity in the universe2 esthetic intuition is absolute knowing4 ,art aims to reveal to us the profoundest meaning of the world1 which is the union of form and matter1 of the ideal and the real2 in art alone the striving of nature for harmony and identity is realized2 the beautiful is the infinite represented and made perceivable in finite form2 here mind and nature interpenetrate4 ,in creative art the artist imitates the creative act of nature and becomes conscious of it2 in esthetic intuition1 or the perception of beauty1 the philosophical genius discovers the secret of reality2 nature herself is a poem and her secret is revealed in art4 ,this philosophy is a far cry from the logical-mathematical method of the ,aufklrung2 it is a protest against this1 a protest in which the leaders of the new ,german literature1 ,herder1 ,goethe1 ,schiller1 as well as the ,romanticists1 willingly joined4 ,goethe's entire view of nature1 art1 and life rested upon the teleological or organic conception2 he1 too1 regarded the ability to peer into the heart of things--to see the whole in its parts1 the ideal in the real1 the universal in the particular1 as the poet's and thinker's highest gift4 ,he called it an aperu1 a revelation springing up in the inner man that gives him a hint of his likeness to ,god4 ,it is this gift which ,faust craves and ,mephisto sneers at as die hohe ,intuition4 ,dass ich erkenne was die ,welt ,im innersten zusammenhlt1 ,schau alle ,wirkungskraft and ,samen ,und tu' nicht mehr in ,worten kramen4 ,there was much that was fantastic in the ,naturphilosophie and much a priori interpretation of nature that tended to withdraw the mind from the actualities of existence2 it often dealt with bold assertions1 analogies1 and figures of speech1 rather than with facts and proofs4 ,but it had its merits2 for it aroused an interest in nature and nature-study1 it kept alive the philosophical interest in the outer world1 the desire for unity1 ,einheitstrieb1 which has remained a marked characteristic of ,german science from ,alexander von ,humboldt down to ,robert ,mayer1 ,helmholtz1 ,naegeli1 ,haeckel1 ,ostwald1 ,hertz1 and ,driesch4 ,it opposed the one-sided mechanical method of science1 and emphasized conceptions 7the idea of development1 the notion of the dynamic character of reality1 pan-psychism1 and vitalism7 which are still moving the minds of men today1 as is evidenced by the popularity of ,henri ,bergson1 who1 with our own ,william ,james1 leads the contemporary school of philosophical ,romanticists4 ,fichte's chief contribution to ,german thought was the ,wissenschaftslehre1 ,schelling's the ,naturphilosophie1 and ,schleiermacher's the philosophy of religion4 ,all these thinkers took account of the prevailing tendencies of the times--,aufklrung1 ,kantian criticism1 faith-philosophy1 ,romanticism1 and ,spinozism--and were more or less affected by them4 ,schleiermacher also came under the influence of ,fichte1 ,schelling1 and ,greek idealism1 particularly of ,plato's philosophy2 many were the sources from which he drew his material for the construction of a great system of ,protestant theology that exercised a profound influence far beyond the boundaries of his country and won for him the title of the founder of the ,new ,theology4 ,friedrich ,daniel ,ernst ,schleiermacher1 the son of a clergyman of the reformed church1 was born at ,breslau1 ,november #ba1 #agfh1 and was educated at the ,moravian schools at ,niesky and ,barby4 ,made sceptical by the newer criticism1 he left the ,moravian brotherhood and entered the ,university of ,halle 7#aghg71 where he devoted himself with equal zeal to the study of theology and philosophy4 ,after his ordination in #agid he occupied various pulpits until #ahjc1 when he was made a professor and university preacher at ,halle4 ,in #ahjf he removed from ,halle to ,berlin1 becoming the preacher of ,trinity ,church in #ahji and professor of theology at the newly founded ,university in #ahaj1 positions which he filled with marked ability until his death1 ,february #ab1 #ahcd4 ,it was in ,berlin that he came into friendly touch with the leaders of the ,romantic school1 ,tieck1 ,friedrich ,schlegel1 and ,novalis1 but he did not allow himself to be carried away by their extravagances4 ,he distinguished himself as a preacher1 theologian1 philosopher1 and philologist1 and1 by his study of the sources of philosophy1 added much to the knowledge of its history4 ,among the books published during his life-time are3 ,addresses on ,religion1 #agii2 ,monologues1 #ahjj2 ,principles of a ,criticism of ,previous ,systems of ,ethics1 #ahjc2 translations of ,plato's ,dialogues1 with introductions and notes1 #ahjd-bh2 ,the ,christian ,faith1 #ahba-bb4 ,complete ,works1 #ahcd-fd4 ,schleiermacher's conception of religion is opposed to the rationalistic theology of the eighteenth century1 as well as to the ,kantian moral theology which has remained popular in ,germany to this day4 ,for him religion is not science or philosophy2 it does not consist in theoretical dogmas or rationalistic proofs2 neither theories about religion nor virtuous conduct nor acts of worship are religion itself2 nor is religion based upon a rational moral faith1 as ,kant had taught4 ,he bravely took the part of ,fichte in the atheism-controversy1 when the great leaders of ,german culture1 ,kant1 ,herder1 and even ,goethe1 abandoned him to his fate4 ,he rejected the shallow proofs of the ,aufklrung1 as well as the orthodox utilitarian view of ,god as the dispenser of rewards and punishments1 and showed that the real foes of religion were the rational and practical persons who endeavored to suppress the yearning for the transcendent in man and to drive out all mystery in seeking to make everything clear to him4 ,we cannot have conceptual knowledge of ,god1 for conceptual thought is concerned with differences and opposites1 whereas ,god is without such differences and oppositions3 he is the absolute union or identity of thought and being4 ,religion is grounded in feeling1 or divining intuition2 in feeling1 we come into direct relation with ,god2 here the identity of thought and being is immediately experienced in self-consciousness1 and this union is the divine element in us4 ,religion is the feeling of absolute dependence upon an absolute world-ground2 it is the immediate consciousness that everything finite is infinite and exists through the infinite4 ,the conception of ,god as the unity of thought and being1 and the idea of man's absolute dependence upon the world-ground1 call to mind the pantheism of ,spinoza4 ,schleiermacher seeks to tone this down by giving the world of things a relative independence2 ,god and the world are inseparable1 and yet must be distinguished4 ,god is unity without plurality1 the world plurality without unity2 the world is spatial-temporal1 while ,god is spaceless and timeless4 ,he is1 however1 not conceived as a personality1 but as the universal creative force1 as the source of all life4 ,the determinism implied in this world-view is softened by giving the individual a measure of freedom and independence4 ,the particular individuals are subject to the law of the whole2 but each self has its unique endowment or gifts1 its individuality1 and its freedom consists in the unfolding of its peculiar capacities4 ,with ,goethe1 ,schiller1 and ,romanticism1 our philosopher rejects the rigoristic ,kantian-,fichtean view of duty which1 in his opinion1 would suppress individuality and reduce all persons to a homogeneous mass2 like them he regards the development of unique personalities as the highest moral task4 ,every man should express humanity in his own peculiar way in a unique mixture of elements1 in order that it may reveal itself in every possible form1 and that everything may become real in the infinite fulness which can spring from its lap4 ,the same duties can be performed in many different ways4 ,different men may practise justice according to the same principles1 each man keeping in view the general welfare and personal merit1 but with different degrees of feeling1 all the way from extreme coldness to the warmest sympathy4 ,the command1 therefore1 is not merely3 ,be a person2 but3 ,be a unique person1 live your own individual life4 ,there is no irreconcilable conflict between the natural law and the moral law1 between impulse and reason4 ,for the same reasons he defends the diversity of religions and the claims of personal religion2 in each unique individual1 religion should be left free to express itself in its own unique and intimate way4 ,his ideal is the development of unique1 novel1 original personalities2 and these are expressions of the divine1 which rationalism cannot bring under either its theoretical or practical rubrics4 ,the individual cannot become conscious of1 and prize1 his own individuality without at the same time valuing uniqueness in others2 the higher a value he sets upon his own self1 the more the personalities of others must impress him4 ,whoever desires to cultivate his individuality must have an appreciation of everything that he is not4 ,the sense of universality 7der allgemeine ,sinn7 is the supreme condition of one's own perfection4 ,hence the ethical life is a life in society--a society of unique individuals who respect humanity in its uniqueness1 in themselves and in others4 ,they are among themselves a chorus of friends4 ,every one knows that he too is a part and product of the universe1 that in him too are revealed its divine life and action4 ,the more every one approximates the universe1 the more he communicates himself to others1 the more perfect unity will they all form2 no one has a consciousness for himself alone1 every one has1 at the same time1 that of the other2 they are no longer only men1 but mankind2 rising above themselves and triumphing over themselves1 they are on the road to true immortality and eternity4 ,in the feeling of piety man recognizes that his desire to be a unique personality is in harmony with the action of the universe2 hence that he can1 ought1 and must make the development of his uniqueness the goal1 the strongest motive1 and the highest good1 and that he can surely realize what he is striving for1 because the universe which created and determined him created him for that4 ,,friedrich ,,schleiermacher 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,the ,,social ,,element ,,in ,,religion 7#agii7 #a ,,translated ,,by ,,george ,,ripley ,those among you who are accustomed to regard religion as a disease of the human mind1 cherish also the habitual conviction that it is an evil more easily borne1 even though not to be cured1 so long as it is only insulated individuals here and there who are infected with it2 but that the common danger is raised to the highest degree1 and everything put at stake1 as soon as a too close connection is permitted between many patients of this character4 ,in the former case it is possible by a judicious treatment1 as it were by an antiphlegistic regimen1 and by a healthy spiritual atmosphere1 to ward off the violence of the paroxysms2 and if not entirely to conquer the exciting cause of the disease1 to attenuate it to such a degree that it shall be almost innocuous4 ,but in the latter case we must despair of every other means of cure1 except that which may proceed from some internal beneficent operation of ,nature4 ,for the evil is attended with more alarming symptoms1 and is more fatal in its effects1 when the too great proximity of other infected persons feeds and aggravates it in every individual2 the whole mass of vital air is then quickly poisoned by a few2 the most vigorous frames are smitten with the contagion2 all the channels in which the functions of life should go on are destroyed2 all the juices of the system are decomposed2 and1 seized with a similar feverous delirium1 the sound spiritual life and productions of whole ages and nations are involved in irremediable ruin4 ,hence your antipathy to the church1 to every institution which is intended for the communication of religion1 is always more prominent than that which you feel to religion itself2 hence1 also1 priests1 as the pillars and the most efficient members of such institutions1 are1 of all men1 the objects of your greatest abomination4 ,even those among you who hold a little more indulgent opinion with regard to religion1 and deem it rather a singularity than a disorder of the mind1 an insignificant rather than a dangerous phenomenon1 cherish quite as unfavorable impressions of all social organization for its promotion4 ,a slavish immolation of all that is free and peculiar1 a system of lifeless mechanism and barren ceremonies--these1 they imagine1 are the inseparable consequences of every such institution and are the ingenious and elaborate work of men1 who1 with almost incredible success1 have made a great merit of things which are either nothing in themselves1 or which any other person was quite as capable of accomplishing as they4 ,i should pour out my heart but very imperfectly before you1 on a subject to which ,i attach the utmost importance1 if ,i did not undertake to give you the correct point of view with regard to it4 ,i need not here repeat how many of the perverted endeavors and melancholy fortunes of humanity you charge upon religious associations2 this is clear as light1 in a thousand utterances of your predominant individuals2 nor will ,i stop to refute these accusations1 one by one1 in order to fix the evil upon other causes4 ,let us rather submit the whole conception of the church to a new examination1 and from its central point1 throughout its whole extent1 erect it again upon a new basis1 without regard to what it has actually been hitherto1 or to what experience may suggest concerning it4 ,if religion exists at all1 it must needs possess a social character2 this is founded not only in the nature of man1 but still more in the nature of religion4 ,you will acknowledge that it indicates a state of disease1 a signal perversion of nature1 when an individual wishes to shut up within himself anything which he has produced and elaborated by his own efforts4 ,it is the disposition of man to reveal and to communicate whatever is in him1 in the indispensable relations and mutual dependence not only of practical life1 but also of his spiritual being1 by which he is connected with all others of his race2 and the more powerfully he is wrought upon by anything1 the more deeply it penetrates his inward nature1 so much the stronger is this social impulse1 even if we regard it only from the point of view of the universal endeavor to behold the emotions which we feel ourselves1 as they are exhibited by others1 so that we may obtain a proof from their example that our own experience is not beyond the sphere of humanity4 ,illustration3 ,,friedrich ,,schleiermacher ,you perceive that ,i am not speaking here of the endeavor to make others similar to ourselves1 nor of the conviction that what is exhibited in one is essential to all2 it is merely my aim to ascertain the true relation between our individual life and the common nature of man1 and clearly to set it forth4 ,but the peculiar object of this desire for communication is unquestionably that in which man feels that he is originally passive1 namely1 his observations and emotions4 ,he is here impelled by the eager wish to know whether the power which has produced them in him be not something foreign and unworthy4 ,hence we see man employed1 from his very childhood1 in communicating those observations and emotions2 the conceptions of his understanding1 concerning whose origin there can be no doubt1 he allows to rest in his own mind1 and still more easily he determines to refrain from the expression of his judgments2 but whatever acts upon his senses1 whatever awakens his feelings1 of that he desires to obtain witnesses1 with regard to that he longs for those who will sympathize with him4 ,how should he keep to himself those very operations of the world upon his soul which are the most universal and comprehensive1 which appear to him as of the most stupendous and resistless magnitude8 ,how should he be willing to lock up within his own bosom those very emotions which impel him with the greatest power beyond himself1 and in the indulgence of which he becomes conscious that he can never understand his own nature from himself alone8 ,it will rather be his first endeavor1 whenever a religious view gains clearness in his eye1 or a pious feeling penetrates his soul1 to direct the attention of others to the same object1 and1 as far as possible1 to communicate to their hearts the elevated impulses of his own4 ,if1 then1 the religious man is urged by his nature to speak1 it is the same nature which secures to him the certainty of hearers4 ,there is no element of his being with which1 at the same time1 there is implanted in man such a lively feeling of his total inability to exhaust it by himself alone1 as with that of religion4 ,a sense of religion has no sooner dawned upon him1 than he feels the infinity of its nature and the limitation of his own2 he is conscious of embracing but a small portion of it2 and that which he cannot immediately reach he wishes to perceive1 as far as he can1 from the representations of others who have experienced it themselves1 and to enjoy it with them4 ,hence1 he is anxious to observe every manifestation of it2 and1 seeking to supply his own deficiencies1 he watches for every tone which he recognizes as proceeding from it4 ,in this manner1 mutual communications are instituted2 in this manner1 every one feels equally the need both of speaking and hearing4 ,but the imparting of religion is not to be sought in books1 like that of intellectual conceptions and scientific knowledge4 ,the pure impression of the original product is too far destroyed in this medium1 which1 in the same way that dark-colored objects absorb the greatest proportion of the rays of light1 swallows up everything belonging to the pious emotions of the heart1 which cannot be embraced in the insufficient symbols from which it is intended again to proceed4 ,nay1 in the written communications of religious feeling1 everything needs a double and triple representation2 for that which originally represented1 must be represented in its turn2 and yet the effect on the whole man1 in its complete unity1 can only be imperfectly set forth by continued and varied reflections4 ,it is only when religion is driven out from the society of the living1 that it must conceal its manifold life under the dead letter4 ,neither can this intercourse of heart with heart1 on the deepest feelings of humanity1 be carried on in common conversation4 ,many persons1 who are filled with zeal for the interests of religion1 have brought it as a reproach against the manners of our age that1 while all other important subjects are so freely discussed in the intercourse of society1 so little should be said concerning ,god and divine things4 ,i would defend ourselves against this charge by maintaining that this circumstance1 at least1 does not indicate contempt or indifference toward religion1 but a happy and very correct instinct4 ,in the presence of joy and merriment1 where earnestness itself must yield to raillery and wit1 there can be no place for that which should be always surrounded with holy veneration and awe4 ,religious views1 pious emotions1 and serious considerations with regard to them--these we cannot throw out to one another in such small crumbs as the topics of a light conversation2 and when the discourse turns upon sacred subjects1 it would rather be a crime than a virtue to have an answer ready for every question1 and a rejoinder for every remark4 ,hence1 the religious sentiment retires from such circles as are too wide for it1 to the more confidential intercourse of friendship1 and to the mutual communications of love1 where the eye and the countenance are more expressive than words1 and where even a holy silence is understood4 ,but it is impossible for divine things to be treated in the usual manner of society1 where the conversation consists in striking flashes of thought1 gaily and rapidly alternating with one another2 a more elevated style is demanded for the communication of religion1 and a different kind of society1 which is devoted to this purpose1 must hence be formed4 ,it is becoming1 indeed1 to apply the whole richness and magnificence of human discourse to the loftiest subject which language can reach--not as if there were any adornment1 with which religion could not dispense1 but because it would show a frivolous and unholy disposition in its heralds if they did not bring together the most copious resources within their power and consecrate them all to religion1 so that they might thus perhaps exhibit it in its appropriate greatness and dignity4 ,hence it is impossible1 without the aid of poetry1 to give utterance to the religious sentiment in any other than an oratorical manner1 with all the skill and energy of language1 and freely using1 in addition1 the service of all the arts which can contribute to flowing and impassioned discourse4 ,he1 therefore1 whose heart is overflowing with religion1 can open his mouth only before an auditory1 where that which is presented1 with such a wealth of preparation1 can produce the most extended and manifold effects4 ,would that ,i could present before you an image of the rich and luxurious life in this city of ,god1 when its inhabitants come together each in the fulness of his own inspiration1 which is ready to stream forth without constraint1 but1 at the same time1 each is filled with a holy desire to receive and to appropriate to himself everything which others wish to bring before him4 ,if one comes forward before the rest1 it is not because he is entitled to this distinction1 in virtue of an office or of a previous agreement1 nor because pride and conceitedness have given him presumption2 it is rather a free impulse of the spirit1 a sense of the most heartfelt unity of each with all1 a consciousness of entire equality1 a mutual renunciation of all ,first and ,last1 of all the arrangements of earthly order4 ,he comes forward in order to communicate to others1 as an object of sympathizing contemplation1 the deepest feelings of his soul while under the influence of ,god2 to lead them to the domain of religion in which he breathes his native air2 and to infect them with the contagion of his own holy emotions4 ,he speaks forth the ,divine which stirs his bosom1 and in holy silence the assembly follows the inspiration of his words4 ,whether he unveils a secret mystery1 or with prophetic confidence connects the future with the present2 whether he strengthens old impressions by new examples1 or is led by the lofty visions of his burning imagination into other regions of the world and into another order of things1 the practised sense of his audience everywhere accompanies his own2 and when he returns into himself from his wanderings through the kingdom of ,god1 his own heart and that of each of his hearers are the common dwelling-place of the same emotion4 ,if1 now1 the agreement of his sentiments with that which they feel be announced to him1 whether loudly or low1 then are holy mysteries--not merely significant emblems1 but1 justly regarded1 natural indications of a peculiar consciousness and peculiar feelings--invented and celebrated1 a higher choir1 as it were1 which in its own lofty language answers to the appealing voice4 ,but not only1 so to speak2 for as such a discourse is music without tune or measure1 so there is also a music among the ,holy1 which may be called discourse without words1 the most distinct and expressive utterance of the inward man4 ,the ,muse of ,harmony1 whose intimate relation with religion1 although it has been for a long time spoken of and described1 is yet recognized only by few1 has always presented upon her altars the most perfect and magnificent productions of her selectest scholars in honor of religion4 ,it is in sacred hymns and choirs1 with which the words of the poet are connected only by slight and airy bands1 that those feelings are breathed forth which precise language is unable to contain2 and thus the tones of thought and emotion alternate with each other in mutual support1 until all is satisfied and filled with the ,holy and the ,infinite4 ,of this character is the influence of religious men upon one another2 such is their natural and eternal union4 ,do not take it ill of them that this heavenly bond--the most consummate product of the social nature of man1 but to which it does not attain until it becomes conscious of its own high and peculiar significance--that this should be deemed of more value in their sight than the political union which you esteem so far above everything else1 but which will nowhere ripen to manly beauty1 and which1 compared with the former1 appears far more constrained than free1 far more transitory than eternal4 ,but where now1 in the description which ,i have given of the community of the pious1 is that distinction between priests and laymen1 which you are accustomed to designate as the source of so many evils8 ,a false appearance has deceived you4 ,this is not a distinction between persons1 but only one of condition and performance4 ,every man is a priest1 so far as he draws others around him1 into the sphere which he has appropriated to himself and in which he professes to be a master4 ,every one is a layman1 so far as he is guided by the counsel and experience of another1 within the sphere of religion1 where he is comparatively a stranger4 ,there is not here the tyrannic aristocracy1 which you describe with such hatred2 but this society is a priestly people1 a perfect republic1 where every one is alternately ruler and citizen1 where every one follows the same power in another which he feels also in himself1 and with which he1 too1 governs others4 ,how then could the spirit of discord and division--which you regard as the inevitable consequence of all religious combinations--find a congenial home within this sphere8 ,i see nothing but that ,all is ,one1 and that all the differences which actually exist in religion1 by means of this very union of the pious1 are gently blended with one another4 ,i have directed your attention to the different degrees of religiousness1 ,i have pointed out to you the different modes of insight and the different directions in which the soul seeks for itself the supreme object of its pursuit4 ,do you imagine that this must needs give birth to sects1 and thus destroy all free and reciprocal intercourse in religion8 ,it is true1 indeed1 in contemplation1 that everything which is separated into various parts and embraced in different divisions1 must be opposed and contradictory to itself2 but consider1 ,i pray you1 how ,life is manifested in a great variety of forms1 how the most hostile elements seek out one another here1 and1 for this very reason1 what we separate in contemplation all flows together in life4 ,they1 to be sure1 who on one of these points bear the greatest resemblance to one another1 will present the strongest mutual attraction1 but they cannot1 on that account1 compose an independent whole2 for the degrees of this affinity imperceptibly diminish and increase1 and in the midst of so many transitions there is no absolute repulsion1 no total separation1 even between the most discordant elements4 ,take which you will of these masses which have assumed an organic form according to their own inherent energy2 if you do not forcibly divide them by a mechanical operation1 no one will exhibit an absolutely distinct and homogeneous character1 but the extreme points of each will be connected at the same time with those which display different properties and properly belong to another mass4 ,if the pious individuals1 who stand on the same degree of a lower order1 form a closer union with one another1 there are yet some always included in the combination who have a presentiment of higher things4 ,these are better understood by all who belong to a higher social class than they understand themselves2 and there is a point of sympathy between the two which is concealed only from the latter4 ,if those combine in whom one of the modes of insight1 which ,i have described1 is predominant1 there will always be some among them who understand at least both of the modes1 and since they1 in some degree1 belong to both1 they form a connecting link between two spheres which would otherwise be separated4 ,thus the individual who is more inclined to cherish a religious connection between himself and nature1 is yet by no means opposed1 in the essentials of religion1 to him who prefers to trace the footsteps of the ,godhead in history2 and there will never be wanting those who can pursue both paths with equal facility4 ,thus in whatever manner you divide the vast province of religion1 you will always come back to the same point4 ,if unbounded universality of insight be the first and original supposition of religion1 and hence also1 most naturally1 its fairest and ripest fruit1 you perceive that it cannot be otherwise than that1 in proportion as an individual advances in religion and the character of his piety becomes more pure1 the whole religious world will more and more appear to him as an indivisible whole4 ,the spirit of separation1 in proportion as it insists upon a rigid division1 is a proof of imperfection2 the highest and most cultivated minds always perceive a universal connection1 and1 for the very reason that they perceive it1 they also establish it4 ,since every one comes in contact only with his immediate neighbor1 but1 at the same time1 has an immediate neighbor on all sides and in every direction1 he is1 in fact1 indissolubly linked in with the whole4 ,mystics and ,naturalists in religion1 they to whom the ,godhead is a personal ,being1 and they to whom it is not1 they who have arrived at a systematic view of the ,universe1 and they who behold it only in its elements or only in obscure chaos--all1 notwithstanding1 should be only one1 for one band surrounds them all and they can be totally separated only by a violent and arbitrary force2 every specific combination is nothing but an integral part of the whole2 its peculiar characteristics are almost evanescent1 and are gradually lost in outlines that become more and more indistinct2 and at least those who feel themselves thus united will always be the superior portion4 ,whence1 then1 but through a total misunderstanding1 have arisen that wild and disgraceful zeal for proselytism to a separate and peculiar form of religion1 and that horrible expression--no salvation except with us4 ,as ,i have described to you the society of the pious1 and as it must needs be according to its intrinsic nature1 it aims merely at reciprocal communication1 and subsists only between those who are already in possession of religion1 of whatever character it may be2 how then can it be its vocation to change the sentiments of those who now acknowledge a definite system1 or to introduce and consecrate those who are totally destitute of one8 ,the religion of this society1 as such1 consists only in the religion of all the pious taken together1 as each one beholds it in the rest--it is ,infinite2 no single individual can embrace it entirely1 since so far as it is individual it ceases to be one1 and hence no man can attain such elevation and completeness as to raise himself to its level4 ,if any one1 then1 has chosen a part in it for himself1 whatever it may be1 were it not an absurd procedure for society to wish to deprive him of that which is adapted to his nature--since it ought to comprise this also within its limits1 and hence some one must needs possess it8 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,three ,,hermits ,moritz ,von ,schwind ,and to what end should it desire to cultivate those who are yet strangers to religion8 ,its own especial characteristic--the ,infinite ,whole--of course it cannot impart to them2 and the communication of any specific element cannot be accomplished by the ,whole1 but only by individuals4 ,but perhaps then1 the ,universal1 the ,indeterminate1 which might be presented1 when we seek that which is common to all the members8 ,yet you are aware that1 as a general rule1 nothing can be given or communicated1 in the form of the ,universal and ,indeterminate1 for specific object and precise form are requisite for this purpose2 otherwise1 in fact1 that which is presented would not be a reality but a nullity4 ,such a society1 accordingly1 can never find a measure or rule for this undertaking4 ,and how could it so far abandon its sphere as to engage in this enterprise8 ,the need on which it is founded1 the essential principle of religious sociability1 points to no such purpose4 ,individuals unite with one another and compose a ,whole2 the ,whole rests in itself1 and needs not to strive for anything beyond4 ,hence1 whatever is accomplished in this way for religion is the private affair of the individual for himself1 and1 if ,i may say so1 more in his relations out of the church than in it4 ,compelled to descend to the low grounds of life from the circle of religious communion1 where the mutual existence and life in ,god afford him the most elevated enjoyment and where his spirit1 penetrated with holy feelings1 soars to the highest summit of consciousness1 it is his consolation that he can connect everything with which he must there be employed1 with that which always retains the deepest significance in his heart4 ,as he descends from such lofty regions to those whose whole endeavor and pursuit are limited to earth1 he easily believes--and you must pardon him the feeling--that he has passed from intercourse with ,gods and ,muses to a race of coarse barbarians4 ,he feels like a steward of religion among the unbelieving1 a herald of piety among the savages2 he hopes1 like an ,orpheus or an ,amphion1 to charm the multitude with his heavenly tones2 he presents himself among them1 like a priestly form1 clearly and brightly exhibiting the lofty1 spiritual sense which fills his soul1 in all his actions and in the whole compass of his ,being4 ,if the contemplation of the ,holy and the ,godlike awakens a kindred emotion in them1 how joyfully does he cherish the first presages of religion in a new heart1 as a delightful pledge of its growth even in a harsh and foreign clime6 ,with what triumph does he bear the neophyte with him to the exalted assembly6 ,this activity for the promotion of religion is only the pious yearning of the stranger after his home1 the endeavor to carry his ,fatherland with him in all his wanderings1 and everywhere to find again its laws and customs as the highest and most beautiful elements of his life2 but the ,fatherland itself1 happy in its own resources1 perfectly sufficient for its own wants1 knows no such endeavor4 ,,johann ,,gottlieb ,,fichte 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,destiny ,,of ,,man 7#ahjj7 ,,adapted ,,from ,,the ,,translation ,,by ,,frederic ,h4 ,,hedge ,,book ,,iii3 ,,faith 99 99 99 99 99 ,not merely to know1 but to act according to thy knowledge1 is thy destination4 ,so says the voice which cries to me aloud from my innermost soul1 so soon as ,i collect and give heed to myself for a moment4 ,not idly to inspect and contemplate thyself1 nor to brood over devout sensations--no6 thou existest to act4 ,thine actions1 and only thine actions1 determine thy worth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shall ,i refuse obedience to that inward voice8 ,i will not do it4 ,i will choose voluntarily the destination which the impulse imputes to me4 ,and ,i will grasp1 together with this determination1 the thought of its reality and truth1 and of the reality of all that it presupposes4 ,i will hold to the viewpoint of natural thinking1 which this impulse assigns to me1 and renounce all those morbid speculations and refinements of the understanding which alone could make me doubt its truth4 ,i understand thee now1 sublime ,spirit6#b ,i have found the organ with which ,i grasp this reality1 and with it1 probably1 all other reality4 ,knowledge is not that organ4 ,no knowledge can prove and demonstrate itself4 ,every knowledge presupposes a higher as its foundation1 and this upward process has no end4 ,it is ,faith1 that voluntary reposing in the view which naturally presents itself1 because it is the only one by which we can fulfil our destination--this it is that first gives assent to knowledge1 and exalts to certainty and conviction what might otherwise be mere illusion4 ,it is not knowledge1 but a determination of the will to let knowledge pass for valid4 ,i hold fast1 then1 forever to this expression4 ,it is not a mere difference of terms1 but a real deep-grounded distinction1 exercising a very important influence on my whole mental disposition4 ,all my conviction is only faith1 and is derived from a disposition of the mind1 not from the understanding4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is only one point to which ,i have to direct incessantly all my thoughts3 ,what ,i must do1 and how ,i shall most effectually accomplish what is required of me4 ,all my thinking must have reference to my doing--must be considered as means1 however remote1 to this end4 ,otherwise1 it is an empty1 aimless sport1 a waste of time and power1 and perversion of a noble faculty which was given me for a very different purpose4 ,i may hope1 ,i may promise myself with certainty1 that when ,i think after this manner1 my thinking shall be attended with practical results4 ,nature1 in which ,i am to act1 is not a foreign being1 created without regard to me1 into which ,i can never penetrate4 ,it is fashioned by the laws of my own thought1 and must surely coincide with them4 ,it must be everywhere transparent1 cognizable1 permeable to me1 in its innermost recesses4 ,everywhere it expresses nothing but relations and references of myself to myself2 and as certainly as ,i may hope to know myself1 so certainly ,i may promise myself that ,i shall be able to explore it4 ,let me but seek what ,i have to seek1 and ,i shall find4 ,let me but inquire whereof ,i have to inquire1 and ,i shall receive answer4 ,illustration3 ,,johann ,,gottlieb ,,fichte ,i ,that voice in my interior1 which ,i believe1 and for the sake of which ,i believe all else that ,i believe1 commands me not merely to act in the abstract4 ,that is impossible4 ,all these general propositions are formed only by my voluntary attention and reflection directed to various facts2 but they do not express a single fact of themselves4 ,this voice of my conscience prescribes to me with certainty1 in each particular situation of my existence1 what ,i must do and what ,i must avoid in that situation4 ,it accompanies me1 if ,i will but listen to it with attention1 through all the events of my life1 and never refuses its reward where ,i am called to act4 ,it establishes immediate conviction1 and irresistibly compels my assent4 ,it is impossible for me to contend against it4 ,to harken to that voice1 honestly and dispassionately1 without fear and without useless speculation to obey it--this is my sole destination1 this the whole aim of my existence4 ,my life ceases to be an empty sport1 without truth or meaning4 ,there is something to be done1 simply because it must be done--namely1 that which conscience demands of me who find myself in this particular position4 ,i exist solely in order that it may be fulfilled4 ,to perceive it1 ,i have understanding2 to do it1 power4 ,through these commandments of conscience alone come truth and reality into my conceptions4 ,i cannot refuse attention and obedience to them without renouncing my destination4 ,i cannot1 therefore1 withhold my belief in the reality which they bring before me1 without1 at the same time1 denying my destination4 ,it is absolutely true1 without further examination and demonstration--it is the first truth and the foundation of all other truth and certainty--that ,i must obey that voice4 ,consequently1 according to this way of thinking1 everything becomes true and real for me which the possibility of such obedience presupposes4 ,there hover before me phenomena in space1 to which ,i transfer the idea of my own being4 ,i represent them to myself as beings of my own kind4 ,consistent speculation has taught me or will teach me that these supposed rational beings1 without me1 are only products of my own conception2 that ,i am necessitated1 once for all1 by laws of thought which can be shown to exist1 to represent the idea of myself out of myself1 and that1 according to the same laws1 this idea can be transferred only to certain definite perceptions4 ,but the voice of my conscience cries to me3 ,whatever these beings may be in and for themselves1 thou shalt treat them as subsisting for themselves1 as free1 self-existing beings1 entirely independent of thyself4 ,take it for granted that they are capable of proposing to themselves aims independently of thee1 by their own power4 ,never disturb the execution of these1 their designs1 but further them rather1 with all thy might4 ,respect their liberty4 ,embrace with love their objects as thine own4 ,so must ,i act4 ,and to such action shall1 will1 and must all my thinking be directed1 if ,i have but formed the purpose to obey the voice of my conscience4 ,accordingly1 ,i shall ever consider those beings as beings subsisting for themselves1 and forming and accomplishing aims independently of me4 ,from this viewpoint1 ,i cannot consider them in any other light2 and the above-mentioned speculation will vanish like an empty dream before my eyes4 ,i think of them as beings of my own species1 said ,i just now2 but strictly1 it is not a thought by which they are first represented to me as such4 ,it is the voice of conscience1 the command3 ,here restrain thy liberty1 here suppose and respect foreign aims4 ,this it is which is first translated into the thought3 ,here is surely and truly1 subsisting of itself1 a being like me4 ,to consider them otherwise1 ,i must first deny the voice of my conscience in life and forget it in speculation4 ,there hover before me other phenomena which ,i do not consider as beings like myself1 but as irrational objects4 ,speculation finds it easy to show how the conception of such objects develops itself purely from my power of conception and its necessary modes of action4 ,but ,i comprehend these same things also through need and craving and enjoyment4 ,it is not the conception--no1 it is hunger and thirst and the satisfaction of these that makes anything food and drink to me4 ,of course1 ,i am constrained to believe in the reality of that which threatens my sensuous existence1 or which alone can preserve it4 ,conscience comes in1 at once hallowing and limiting this impulse of ,nature4 ,thou shalt preserve1 exercise and strengthen thyself1 and thy sensuous power2 for this sensuous power forms a part of the calculation1 in the plan of reason4 ,but thou canst preserve it only by a suitable use1 agreeable to the peculiar interior laws of such matters4 ,and1 besides thyself1 there are also others like thee1 whose powers are calculated upon like thine own1 and who can be preserved only in the same way4 ,allow to them the same use of their portion which it is granted thee to make of thine own portion4 ,respect what comes to them1 as their property4 ,use what comes to thee in a suitable manner1 as thy property4 ,so must ,i act1 and ,i must think conformably to such action4 ,accordingly1 ,i am necessitated to regard these things as standing under their own natural laws1 independent of me1 but which ,i am capable of knowing2 that is1 to ascribe to them an existence independent of myself4 ,i am constrained to believe in such laws1 and it becomes my business to ascertain them2 and empty speculation vanishes like mist when the warming sun appears4 ,in short1 there is for me1 in general1 no pure1 naked existence1 with which ,i have no concern1 and which ,i contemplate solely for the sake of contemplation4 ,whatever exists for me1 exists only by virtue of its relation to me4 ,but there is everywhere but one relation to me possible1 and all the rest are but varieties of this1 i4e41 my destination as a moral agent4 ,my world is the object and sphere of my duties1 and absolutely nothing else4 ,there is no other world1 no other attributes of my world1 for me4 ,my collective capacity and all finite capacity is insufficient to comprehend any other4 ,everything which exists for me forces its existence and its reality upon me1 solely by means of this relation2 and only by means of this relation do ,i grasp it4 ,there is utterly wanting in me an organ for any other existence4 ,to the question whether then in fact such a world exists as ,i represent to myself1 ,i can answer nothing certain1 nothing which is raised above all doubt1 but this3 ,i have assuredly and truly these definite duties which represent themselves to me as duties toward such and such persons1 concerning such and such objects4 ,these definite duties ,i cannot represent to myself otherwise1 nor can ,i execute them otherwise1 than as lying within the sphere of such a world as ,i conceive4 ,even he who has never thought of his moral destination1 if any such there could be1 or who1 if he has thought about it at all1 has never entertained the slightest purpose of ever1 in the indefinite future1 fulfilling it--even he derives his world of the senses and his belief in the reality of such a world no otherwise than from his idea of a moral world4 ,if he does not comprehend it through the idea of his duties1 he certainly does so through the requisition of his rights4 ,what he does not require of himself he yet requires of others1 in relation to himself--that they treat him with care and consideration1 agreeably to his nature1 not as an irrational thing1 but as a free and self-subsisting being4 ,and so he is constrained1 in order that they may comply with this demand1 to think of them also as rational1 free1 self-subsisting1 and independent of the mere force of ,nature4 ,and even though he should never propose to himself any other aim in the use and fruition of the objects which surround him than that of enjoying them1 he still demands this enjoyment as a right1 of which others must leave him in undisturbed possession4 ,accordingly1 he comprehends even the irrational world of the senses through a moral idea4 ,no one who lives a conscious life can renounce these claims to be respected as rational and self-subsisting4 ,and with these claims at least there is connected in his soul a seriousness1 an abandonment of doubt1 a belief in a reality1 if not with the acknowledgment of a moral law in his innermost being4 ,do but assail him who denies his own moral destination and your existence and the existence of a corporeal world1 except in the way of experiment1 to try what speculation can do--assail him actively1 carry his principles into life1 and act as if he either did not exist1 or as if he were a piece of rude matter1 and he will soon forget the joke2 he will become seriously angry with you1 he will seriously reprove you for treating him so1 and maintain that you ought not and must not do so to him2 and1 in this way1 he will practically admit that you really possess the power of acting upon him1 that he exists1 that you exist1 and that there exists a medium through which you act upon him2 and that you have at least duties toward him4 ,hence it is not the action of supposed objects without us1 which exist for us only and for which we exist only in so far as we already know of them2 just as little is it an empty fashioning1 by means of our imagination and our thinking1 whose products would appear to us as such1 as empty pictures2 it is not these1 but the necessary faith in our liberty and our power1 in our veritable action and in definite laws of human action1 which serves as the foundation of all consciousness of a reality without us1 a consciousness which is itself but a belief1 since it rests on a belief1 but one which follows necessarily from that belief4 ,we are compelled to assume that we act in general1 and that we ought to act in a certain way2 we are compelled to assume a certain sphere of such action--this sphere being the truly and actually existing world as we find it4 ,and vice versa1 this world is absolutely nothing but that sphere1 and by no means extends beyond it4 ,the consciousness of the actual world proceeds from the necessity of action1 and not the reverse--i4e41 the necessity of action from the consciousness of such a world4 ,the necessity is first not the consciousness2 that is derived4 ,we do not act because we agnize1 but we agnize because we are destined to act4 ,practical reason is the root of all reason4 ,the laws of action for rational beings are immediately certain2 their world is certain only because they are certain4 ,were we to renounce the former1 the world1 and1 with it1 ourselves1 we should sink into absolute nothing4 ,we raise ourselves out of this nothing1 and sustain ourselves above this nothing1 solely by means of our morality4 ,,ii 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ,i contemplate the world as it is1 independently of any command1 there manifests itself in my interior the wish1 the longing1 no6 not a longing merely--the absolute demand for a better world4 ,i cast a glance at the relations of men to one another and to ,nature1 at the weakness of their powers1 at the strength of their appetites and passions4 ,it cries to me irresistibly from my innermost soul3 ,thus it cannot possibly be destined always to remain4 ,it must1 ,o it must all become other and better6 ,i can in no wise imagine to myself the present condition of man as that which is designed to endure4 ,i cannot imagine it to be his whole and final destination4 ,if so1 then would everything be dream and delusion1 and it would not be worth the trouble to have lived and to have taken part in this ever-recurring1 aimless1 and unmeaning game4 ,only so far as ,i can regard this condition as the means of something better1 as a point of transition to a higher and more perfect1 does it acquire any value for me4 ,not on its own account1 but on account of something better for which it prepares the way1 can ,i bear it1 honor it1 and joyfully fulfil my part in it4 ,my mind can find no place1 nor rest a moment1 in the present2 it is irresistibly repelled by it4 ,my whole life streams irrepressibly on toward the future and better4 ,am ,i only to eat and to drink that ,i may hunger and thirst again1 and again eat and drink1 until the grave1 yawning beneath my feet1 swallows me up1 and ,i myself spring up as food from the ground8 ,am ,i to beget beings like myself1 that they also may eat and drink and die1 and leave behind them beings like themselves1 who shall do the same that ,i have done8 ,to what purpose this circle which perpetually returns into itself2 this game forever recommencing1 after the same manner1 in which everything is born but to perish1 and perishes but to be born again as it was2 this monster which forever devours itself that it may produce itself again1 and which produces itself that it may again devour itself8 ,never can this be the destination of my being and of all being4 ,there must be something which exists because it has been brought forth1 and which now remains and can never be brought forth again after it has been brought forth once4 ,and this1 that is permanent1 must beget itself amid the mutations of the perishing1 and continue amid those mutations1 and be borne along unhurt upon the waves of time4 ,as yet our race wrings with difficulty its sustenance and its continuance from reluctant ,nature4 ,as yet the larger portion of mankind are bowed down their whole life long by hard labor1 to procure sustenance for themselves and the few who think for them4 ,immortal spirits are compelled to fix all their thinking and scheming1 and all their efforts1 on the soil which bears them nourishment4 ,it often comes to pass as yet1 that when the laborer has ended1 and promises himself1 for his pains1 the continuance of his own existence and of those pains1 then hostile elements destroy in a moment what he had been slowly and carefully preparing for years1 and delivers up the industrious painstaking man1 without any fault of his own1 to hunger and misery4 ,it often comes to pass as yet1 that inundations1 storm-winds1 volcanoes1 desolate whole countries1 and mingle works which bear the impress of a rational mind1 as well as their authors1 with the wild chaos of death and destruction4 ,diseases still hurry men into a premature grave1 men in the bloom of their powers1 and children whose existence passes away without fruit or result4 ,the pestilence still stalks through blooming states1 leaves the few who escape it bereaved and alone1 deprived of the accustomed aid of their companions1 and does all in its power to give back to the wilderness the land which the industry of man had already conquered for its own4 ,so it is1 but so it cannot surely have been intended always to remain4 ,no work which bears the impress of reason1 and which was undertaken for the purpose of extending the dominion of reason1 can be utterly lost in the progress of the times4 ,the sacrifices which the irregular violence of ,nature draws from reason must at least weary1 satisfy1 and reconcile that violence4 ,the force which has caused injury by acting without rule cannot be intended to do so in that way any longer1 it cannot be destined to renew itself2 it must be used up1 from this time forth and forever1 by that one outbreak4 ,all those outbreaks of rude force1 before which human power vanishes into nothing--those desolating hurricanes1 earthquakes1 volcanoes1 can be nothing else but the final struggle of the wild mass against the lawfully progressive1 life-giving1 systematic course to which it is compelled1 contrary to its own impulse4 ,they can be nothing but the last concussive strokes in the formation of our globe1 now about to perfect itself4 ,that opposition must gradually become weaker and at last exhausted1 since1 in the lawful course of things1 there can be nothing that should renew its power4 ,that formation must at last be perfected1 and our destined abode complete4 ,nature must gradually come into a condition in which we can count with certainty upon her equal step1 and in which her power shall keep unaltered a definite relation with that power which is destined to govern it1 that is1 the human4 ,so far as this relation already exists and the systematic development of ,nature has gained firm footing1 the workmanship of man1 by its mere existence and its effects1 independent of any design on the part of the author1 is destined to react upon ,nature and to represent in her a new and life-giving principle4 ,cultivated lands are to quicken and mitigate the sluggish1 hostile atmosphere of the eternal forests1 wildernesses1 and morasses4 ,well-ordered and diversified culture is to diffuse through the air a new principle of life and fructification1 and the sun to send forth its most animating beams into that atmosphere which is breathed by a healthy1 industrious1 and ingenious people4 ,science1 awakened1 at first1 by the pressure of necessity1 shall hereafter penetrate deliberately and calmly into the unchangeable laws of ,nature1 overlook her whole power1 and learn to calculate her possible developments--shall form for itself a new ,nature in idea1 attach itself closely to the living and active1 and follow hard upon her footsteps4 ,and all knowledge which reason has wrung from ,nature shall be preserved in the course of the times and become the foundation of further knowledge1 for the common understanding of our race4 ,thus shall ,nature become ever more transparent and penetrable to human perception1 even to its innermost secrets4 ,and human power1 enlightened and fortified with its inventions1 shall rule her with ease and peacefully maintain the conquest once effected4 ,by degrees1 there shall be needed no greater outlay of mechanical labor than the human body requires for its development1 cultivation and health4 ,and this labor shall cease to be a burden2 for the rational being is not destined to be a bearer of burdens4 ,but it is not ,nature1 it is liberty itself1 that occasions the most numerous and the most fearful disorders among our kind4 ,the direst enemy of man is man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is the destination of our race to unite in one body1 thoroughly acquainted with itself in all its parts1 and uniformly cultivated in all4 ,nature1 and even the passions and vices of mankind1 have1 from the beginning1 drifted toward this goal4 ,a large part of the road which leads to it is already put behind us1 and we may count with certainty that this goal1 which is the condition of further1 united progress1 will be reached in due season4 ,do not ask ,history whether mankind1 on the whole1 have grown more purely moral6 ,they have grown to extended1 comprehensive1 forceful acts of arbitrary will2 but it was almost a necessity of their condition that they should direct that will exclusively to evil4 ,neither ask ,history whether the esthetic education and the rationalistic culture of the understanding1 of the fore-world1 concentrated upon a few single points1 may not have far exceeded1 in degree1 that of modern times4 ,it might be that the answer would put us to shame1 and that the human race in growing older would appear1 in this regard1 not to have advanced1 but to have lost ground4 ,but ask ,history in what period the existing culture was most widely diffused and distributed among the greatest number of individuals4 ,undoubtedly it will be found that1 from the beginning of history down to our own day1 the few light-points of culture have extended their rays farther and farther from their centres1 have seized one individual after another1 and one people after another2 and that this diffusion of culture is still going on before our eyes4 ,and this was the first goal of ,humanity1 on its infinite path4 ,until this is attained1 until the existing culture of an age is diffused over the whole habitable globe1 and our race is made capable of the most unlimited communication with itself1 one nation1 one quarter of the globe1 must await the other1 on their common path1 and each must bring its centuries of apparent standing still or retrogradation1 as a sacrifice to the common bond1 for the sake of which1 alone1 they themselves exist4 ,when this first goal shall be attained1 when everything useful that has been discovered at one end of the earth shall immediately be made known and imparted to all1 then ,humanity1 without interruption1 without cessation1 and without retrocession1 with united force1 and with one step shall raise itself up to a degree of culture which we lack power to conceive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by the institution of this one true ,state and the firm establishment of internal peace1 external war also1 at least between true ,states1 will be rendered impossible4 ,even for the sake of its own advantage--in order that no thought of injustice1 plunder and violence may spring up in its own subjects1 and no possible opportunity be afforded them for any gain1 except by labor and industry1 in the sphere assigned by law--every ,state must forbid as strictly1 must hinder as carefully1 must compensate as exactly1 and punish as severely1 an injury done to the citizen of a neighbor-,state1 as if it were inflicted upon a fellow-citizen4 ,this law respecting the security of its neighbors is necessary to every ,state which is not a community of robbers4 ,and herewith the possibility of every just complaint of one ,state against another1 and every case of legitimate defense1 are done away4 ,there are no necessarily and continuously direct relations between ,states1 as such1 that could engender warfare4 ,as a general rule1 it is only through the relations of single citizens of one ,state with the citizens of another--it is only in the person of one of its members1 that a ,state can be injured4 ,but this injury will be instantly redressed1 and the offended ,state satisfied4 99 99 99 99 99 ,that a whole nation should determine1 for the sake of plunder1 to attack a neighboring country with war1 is impossible1 since in a ,state in which all are equal the plunder would not become the booty of a few1 but must be divided equally among all1 and1 so divided1 the portion of each individual would never repay him for the trouble of a war4 ,only1 then1 when the advantage to be gained falls to the lot of a few oppressors1 but the disadvantages1 the trouble1 the cost fall upon a countless army of slaves--only then is a war of plunder possible or conceivable4 ,accordingly1 these ,states have no war to fear from ,states like themselves1 but only from savages or barbarians1 tempted to prey by want of skill to enrich themselves by industry2 or from nations of slaves1 who are driven by their masters to procure plunder1 of which they are to enjoy no part themselves4 ,as to the former1 each single ,state is undoubtedly superior to them in strength1 by virtue of the arts of culture4 ,as to the latter1 the common advantage of all the ,states will lead them to strengthen themselves by union with one another4 ,no free ,state can reasonably tolerate1 in its immediate vicinity1 polities whose rulers find their advantage in subjecting neighboring nations1 and which1 therefore1 by their mere existence1 perpetually threaten their neighbors' peace4 ,care for their own security will oblige all free ,states to convert all around them into free ,states like themselves1 and thus1 for the sake of their own safety1 to extend the dominion of culture to the savages1 and that of liberty to the slave nations round about them4 ,and so1 when once a few free ,states have been formed1 the empire of culture1 of liberty1 and1 with that1 of universal peace1 will gradually embrace the globe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in this only true ,state1 all temptation to evil in general1 and even the possibility of deliberately determining upon an evil act1 will be cut off1 and man be persuaded as powerfully as he can be to direct his will toward good4 ,there is no man who loves evil because it is evil4 ,he loves in it only the advantages and enjoyments which it promises1 and which1 in the present state of ,humanity1 it1 for the most part1 actually affords4 ,as long as this state continues1 as long as a price is set upon vice1 a thorough reformation of mankind1 in the whole1 is scarcely to be hoped for4 ,but in such a civil ,polity as should exist1 such as reason demands1 and such as the thinker easily describes1 although as yet he nowhere finds it1 and such as will necessarily shape itself with the first nation that is truly disenthralled--in such a ,polity evil will offer no advantages1 but1 on the contrary1 the most certain disadvantages2 and the aberration of self-love into acts of injustice will be suppressed by self-love itself4 ,according to infallible regulations1 in such a ,state1 all taking advantage of and oppressing others1 every act of self-aggrandizement at another's expense is not only sure to be in vain--labor lost--but it reacts upon the author1 and he himself inevitably incurs the evil which he would inflict upon others4 ,within his own ,state and outside of it1 on the whole face of the earth1 he finds no one whom he can injure with impunity4 ,it is not1 however1 to be expected that any one will resolve upon evil merely for evil's sake1 notwithstanding he cannot accomplish it and nothing but his own injury can result from the attempt4 ,the use of liberty for evil ends is done away4 ,man must either resolve to renounce his liberty entirely--to become1 with patience1 a passive wheel in the great machine of the whole--or he must apply his liberty to that which is good4 ,and thus1 then1 in a soil so prepared1 the good will easily flourish4 ,when selfish aims no longer divide mankind1 and their powers can no longer be exercised in destroying one another in battle1 nothing will remain to them but to turn their united force against the common and only adversary which yet remains--resisting1 uncultivated ,nature4 ,no longer separated by private ends1 they will necessarily unite in one common end1 and there will grow up a body everywhere animated by one spirit and one love4 ,every disadvantage of the individual1 since it can no longer be a benefit to any one1 becomes an injury to the whole and to each particular member of the same1 and is felt in each member with equal pain1 and with equal activity redressed4 ,every advance which one man makes1 human nature1 in its entirety1 makes with him4 ,here1 where the petty1 narrow self of the person is already annihilated by the ,polity1 every one loves every other one as truly as himself1 as a component part of that great ,self which alone remains for him to love1 and of which he is nothing but a component part1 which only through the ,whole can gain or lose4 ,here the conflict of evil with good is done away1 for no evil can any longer spring up4 ,the contest of the good among themselves1 even concerning the good1 vanishes1 now that it has become easy to them to love the good for its own sake1 and not for their sakes1 as the authors of it--now that the only interest they can have is that it come to pass1 that truth be discovered1 that the good deed be executed--not by whom it is accomplished4 ,here every one is always prepared to join his power to that of his neighbor1 and to subordinate it to that of his neighbor4 ,whoever1 in the judgment of all1 shall accomplish the best1 in the best way1 him all will support and partake with equal joy in his success4 ,this is the aim of earthly existence which ,reason sets before us1 and for the sure attainment of which ,reason vouches4 ,it is not a goal for which we are to strive merely that our faculties may be exercised on something great1 but which we must relinquish all hope of realizing4 ,it shall and must be realized4 ,at some time or other this goal must be attained1 as surely as there is a world of the senses1 and a race of reasonable beings in time1 for whom no serious and rational object can be imagined but this1 and whose existence is made intelligible by this alone4 ,unless the whole life of man is to be considered as the sport of an evil ,spirit1 who implanted this ineradicable striving after the imperishable in the breasts of poor wretches merely that he might enjoy their ceaseless struggle after that which unceasingly flees from them1 their still repeated grasping after that which still eludes their grasp1 their restless driving about in an ever-returning circle--and laugh at their earnestness in this senseless sport--unless the wise man1 who must soon see through this game and be tired of his own part in it1 is to throw away his life1 and the moment of awakening reason is to be the moment of earthly death--that goal must be attained4 ,o it is attainable in life and by means of life2 for ,reason commands me to live4 ,it is attainable1 for ,i am4 ,,iii ,but now1 when it is attained1 when ,humanity shall stand at the goal--what then8 ,there is no higher condition on earth than that4 ,the generation which first attains it can do nothing further than to persist in it1 maintain it with all their powers1 and die and leave descendants who shall do the same that they have done1 and who1 in their turn1 shall leave descendants that shall do the same4 ,humanity would then stand still in its course4 ,therefore its earthly goal cannot be its highest goal1 for this earthly goal is intelligible1 and attainable1 and finite4 ,though we consider the preceding generations as means of developing the last and perfected1 still we cannot escape the inquiry of earnest ,reason3 ,wherefore then these last8 ,given a human race on the earth1 its existence must indeed be in accordance with ,reason1 and not contrary to it4 ,it must become all that it can become on earth4 ,but why should it exist at all--this human race8 ,why might it not as well have remained in the womb of the ,nothing8 ,reason is not for the sake of existence1 but existence for the sake of ,reason4 ,an existence which does not1 in itself1 satisfy ,reason and solve all her questions1 cannot possibly be the true one4 ,then1 too1 are the actions commanded by the voice of ,conscience1 whose dictates ,i must not speculate about1 but obey in silence--are they actually the means1 and the only means1 of accomplishing the earthly aim of mankind8 ,that ,i cannot refer them to any other object but this1 that ,i can have no other intent with them1 is unquestionable4 ,but is this1 my intent1 fulfilled in every case8 ,is nothing more needed but to will the best1 in order that it may be accomplished8 ,alas6 most of our good purposes are1 for this world1 entirely lost1 and some of them seem even to have an entirely opposite effect to that which was proposed4 ,on the other hand1 the most despicable passions of men1 their vices and their misdeeds1 seem often to bring about the good more surely than the labors of the just man1 who never consents to do evil that good may come4 ,it would seem that the highest good of the world grows and thrives quite independently of all human virtues or vices1 according to laws of its own1 by some invisible and unknown power1 just as the heavenly bodies run through their appointed course1 independently of all human effort2 and that this power absorbs into its own higher plan all human designs1 whether good or ill1 and1 by its superior strength1 appropriates what was intended for other purposes to its own ends4 ,if1 therefore1 the attainment of that earthly goal could be the design of our existence1 and if no further question concerning it remained to ,reason1 that aim1 at least1 would not be ours1 but the aim of that unknown ,power4 ,we know not at any moment what may promote it4 ,nothing would be left us but to supply to that ,power1 by our actions1 so much material1 no matter what1 to work up in its own way1 for its own ends4 ,our highest wisdom would be1 not to trouble ourselves about things in which we have no concern1 but to live1 in each case1 as the fancy takes us1 and quietly leave the consequences to that ,power4 ,the moral law within us would be idle and superfluous1 and wholly unsuited to a being that had no higher capacity and no higher destination4 ,in order to be at one with ourselves1 we should refuse obedience to the voice of that law and suppress it as a perverse and mad enthusiasm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if the whole design of our existence were to bring about a purely earthly condition of our race1 all that would be required would be some infallible mechanism to direct our action2 and we need be nothing more than wheels well fitted to the whole machine4 ,freedom would then not only be useless1 but even contrary to the purpose of existence2 and good-will would be quite superfluous4 ,the world1 in that case1 would be very clumsily contrived--would proceed to its goal with waste of power and by circuitous paths4 ,rather1 mighty ,world-,spirit1 hadst thou taken from us this freedom1 which1 only with difficulty and by a different arrangement1 thou canst fit to thy plans1 and compelled us at once to act as those plans required6 ,thou wouldst then arrive at thy goal by the shortest road1 as the meanest of the inhabitants of thy worlds can tell thee4 ,but ,i am free1 and therefore such a concatenation of cause and effect1 in which freedom is absolutely superfluous and useless1 cannot exhaust my whole destination4 ,i must be free2 for not the mechanical act1 but the free determination of free-will1 for the sake of the command alone and absolutely for no other purpose 7so says the inward voice of conscience7--this alone determines our true worth4 ,the band with which the law binds me is a band for living spirits4 ,it scorns to rule over dead mechanism1 and applies itself alone to the living and self-acting4 ,such obedience it demands4 ,this obedience cannot be superfluous4 ,and1 herewith1 the eternal world rises more brightly before me1 and the fundamental law of its order stands clear before the eye of my mind4 ,in that world the will1 purely and only1 as it lies1 locked up from all eyes1 in the secret dark of my soul1 is the first link in a chain of consequences which runs through the whole invisible world of spirits2 so in the earthly world the deed1 a certain movement of matter1 becomes the first link in a material chain which extends through the whole system of matter4 ,the will is the working and living principle in the world of ,reason1 as motion is the working and living principle in the world of the senses4 ,i stand in the centre of two opposite worlds1 a visible in which the deed1 and an invisible1 altogether incomprehensible1 in which the will1 decides4 ,i am one of the original forces for both these worlds4 ,my will is that which embraces both4 ,this will is in and of itself a constituent portion of the supersensuous world4 ,when ,i put it in motion by a resolution1 ,i move and change something in that world1 and my activity flows on over the whole and produces something new and ever-during which then exists and needs not to be made anew4 ,this will breaks forth into a material act1 and this act belongs to the world of the senses1 and effects1 in that1 what it can4 ,i have not to wait until after ,i am divorced from the connection of the earthly world to gain admission into that which is above the earth4 ,i am and live in it already1 far more truly than in the earthly4 ,even now it is my only firm standing-ground1 and the eternal life1 which ,i have long since taken possession of1 is the only reason why ,i am willing still to prolong the earthly4 ,that which they denominate ,heaven lies not beyond the grave4 ,it is already here1 diffused around our ,nature1 and its light arises in every pure heart4 ,my will is mine1 and it is the only thing that is entirely mine and depends entirely upon myself4 ,by it ,i am already a citizen of the kingdom of liberty and of self-active ,reason4 ,my conscience1 the tie by which that world holds me unceasingly and binds me to itself1 tells me at every moment what determination of my will 7the only thing by which1 here in the dust1 ,i can lay hold of that kingdom7 is most consonant with its order2 and it depends entirely upon myself to give myself the destination enjoined upon me4 ,i cultivate myself then for this world1 and1 accordingly1 work in it and for it1 while cultivating one of its members4 ,i pursue in it1 and in it alone1 without vacillation or doubt1 according to fixed rules1 my aim--sure of success1 since there is no foreign power that opposes my intent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,that our good-will1 in and for and through itself1 must have consequences1 we know1 even in this life2 for ,reason cannot require anything without a purpose4 ,but what these consequences are--nay1 how it is possible that a mere will can effect anything--is a question to which we cannot even imagine a solution1 so long as we are entangled with this material world1 and it is the part of wisdom not to undertake an inquiry concerning which1 we know beforehand1 it must be unsuccessful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,this then is my whole sublime destination1 my true essence4 ,i am a member of two systems--a purely spiritual one1 in which ,i rule by pure will alone2 and a sensuous one1 in which ,i work by my deed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,these two systems1 the purely spiritual and the sensuous--which last may consist of an immeasurable series of particular lives--exist in me from the moment in which my active reason is developed1 and pursue their parallel courses4 ,the latter system is only an appearance1 for me and for those who share with me the same life4 ,the former alone gives to the latter meaning1 and purpose1 and value4 ,i am immortal1 imperishable1 eternal1 so soon as ,i form the resolution to obey the law of ,reason2 and do not first have to become so4 ,the supersensuous world is not a future world2 it is present4 ,it never can be more present at any one point of finite existence than at any other point4 ,after an existence of myriad lives1 it cannot be more present than at this moment4 ,other conditions of my sensuous existence are to come2 but these are no more the true life than the present condition4 ,by means of that resolution ,i lay hold on eternity1 and strip off this life in the dust and all other sensuous lives that may await me1 and raise myself far above them4 ,i become to myself the sole fountain of all my being and of all my phenomena2 and have henceforth1 unconditioned by aught without me1 life in myself4 ,my will1 which ,i myself1 and no stranger1 fit to the order of that world1 is this fountain of true life and of eternity4 ,but only my will is this fountain2 and only when ,i acknowledge this will to be the true seat of moral excellence1 and actually elevate it to this excellence1 do ,i attain to the certainty and the possession of that supersensuous world4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the sense by which we lay hold on eternal life we acquire only by renouncing and offering up sense1 and the aims of sense1 to the law which claims our will alone1 and not our acts--by renouncing it with the conviction that to do so is reasonable and alone reasonable4 ,with this renunciation of the earthly1 the belief in the eternal first enters our soul and stands isolated there1 as the only stay by which we can still sustain ourselves when we have relinquished everything else1 as the only animating principle that still uplifts our hearts and still inspires our life4 ,well was it said1 in the metaphors of a sacred doctrine1 that man must first die to the world and be born again1 in order to enter into the kingdom of ,god4 ,i see1 oh1 ,i see now1 clear before mine eyes1 the cause of my former heedlessness and blindness concerning spiritual things6 ,filled with earthly aims1 and lost in them with all my scheming and striving2 put in motion and impelled only by the idea of a result1 which is to be actualized without us1 by the desire of such a result and pleasure in it--insensible and dead to the pure impulse of that ,reason which gives the law to itself1 which sets before us a purely spiritual aim1 the immortal ,psyche remains chained to the earth2 her wings are bound4 ,our philosophy becomes the history of our own heart and life4 ,as we find ourselves1 so we imagine man in general and his destination4 ,never impelled by any other motive than the desire of that which can be realized in this world1 there is no true liberty for us1 no liberty which has the reason for its destination absolutely and entirely in itself4 ,our liberty1 at the utmost1 is that of the self-forming plant1 no higher in its essence1 only more curious in its result1 not producing a form of matter with roots1 leaves and blossoms1 but a form of mind with impulses1 thoughts1 actions4 ,of the true liberty we are positively unable to comprehend anything1 because we are not in possession of it4 ,whenever we hear it spoken of1 we draw the words down to our own meaning1 or briefly dismiss it with a sneer1 as nonsense4 ,with the knowledge of liberty1 the sense of another world is also lost to us4 ,everything of this sort floats by like words which are not addressed to us2 like an ash-gray shadow without color or meaning1 which we cannot by any end take hold of and retain4 ,without the least interest1 we let everything go as it is stated4 ,or if ever a robuster zeal impels us to consider it seriously1 we see clearly and can demonstrate that all those ideas are untenable1 hollow visions1 which a man of sense casts from him4 ,and1 according to the premises from which we set out and which are taken from our own innermost experience1 we are quite right1 and are alike unanswerable and unteachable1 so long as we remain what we are4 ,the excellent doctrines which are current among the people1 fortified with special authority1 concerning freedom1 duty and eternal life1 change themselves for us into grotesque fables1 like those of ,tartarus and the ,elysian fields1 although we do not disclose the true opinion of our hearts1 because we think it more advisable to keep the people in outward decency by means of these images4 ,or if we are less reflective1 and ourselves fettered by the bands of authority1 then we sink1 ourselves1 to the true plebeian level1 by believing that which1 so understood1 would be foolish fable2 and by finding1 in those purely spiritual indications1 nothing but the promise of a continuance1 to all eternity1 of the same miserable existence which we lead here below4 ,to say all in a word3 ,only through a radical reformation of my will does a new light arise upon my being and destination4 ,without this1 however much ,i may reflect1 and however distinguished my mental endowments1 there is nothing but darkness in me and around me4 ,the reformation of the heart alone conducts to true wisdom4 ,so then1 let my whole life be directed unrestrainedly toward this one end6 ,,iv ,my lawful will1 simply as such1 in and through itself1 must have consequences1 certain and without exception4 ,every dutiful determination of my will1 although no act should flow from it1 must operate in another1 to me incomprehensible1 world2 and1 except this dutiful determination of the will1 nothing can take effect in that world4 ,what do ,i suppose when ,i suppose this8 ,what do ,i take for granted8 ,evidently1 a law1 a rule absolutely and without exception valid1 according to which the dutiful will must have consequences4 ,just as in the earthly world which environs me1 ,i assume a law according to which this ball1 when impelled by my hand with this given force1 in this given direction1 must necessarily move in such a direction1 with a determinate measure of rapidity1 perhaps impel another ball with this given degree of force by which the other ball moves on with a determinate rapidity2 and so on indefinitely4 ,as in this case1 with the mere direction and movement of my hand1 ,i know and comprehend all the directions and movements which shall follow it1 as certainly as if they were already present and perceived by me2 even so ,i comprise1 in my dutiful will1 a series of necessary and infallible consequences in the spiritual world1 as if they were already present1 only that ,i cannot1 as in the material world1 determine them--i4e41 ,i merely know that they shall be1 not how they shall be4 ,i suppose a law of the spiritual world1 in which my mere will is one of the moving forces1 just as my hand is one of the moving forces in the material world4 ,that firmness of my confidence and the thought of this law of a spiritual world are one and the same thing--not two thoughts of which one is the consequence of the other1 but precisely the same thought1 just as the certainty with which ,i count upon a certain motion1 and the thought of a mechanical law of ,nature1 are the same4 ,the idea of ,law expresses generally nothing else but the fixed1 immovable reliance of ,reason on a proposition1 and the impossibility of supposing the contrary4 ,i assume such a law of a spiritual world1 which my own will did not enact1 nor the will of any finite being1 nor the will of all finite beings together1 but to which my will and the will of all finite beings is subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,agreeably to what has now been advanced1 the law of the supersensuous world should be a ,will4 ,a ,will which acts purely and simply as will1 by its own agency1 entirely without any instrument or sensuous medium of its efficacy2 which is absolutely1 in itself1 at once action and result2 which wills and it is done1 which commands and it stands fast2 in which1 accordingly1 the demand of ,reason to be absolutely free and self-active is represented4 ,a ,will which is law in itself2 which determines itself1 not according to humor and caprice1 not after previous deliberation1 vacillation and doubt1 but which is forever and unchangeably determined1 and upon which one may reckon with infallible security1 as the mortal reckons securely on the laws of his world4 ,a ,will in which the lawful will of finite beings has inevitable consequences1 but only their will1 which is immovable to everything else1 and for which everything else is as though it were not4 ,that sublime ,will1 therefore1 does not pursue its course for itself1 apart from the rest of ,reason's world4 ,there is between it and all finite1 rational beings1 a spiritual tie1 and that ,will itself is this spiritual tie of ,reason's world4 ,i will1 purely and decidedly1 my duty1 and it then wills that ,i shall succeed1 at least in the world of spirits4 ,every lawful resolve of the finite will enters into it1 and moves and determines it--to speak after our fashion--not in consequence of a momentary good pleasure1 but in consequence of the eternal law of its being4 ,with astounding clearness it now stands before my soul1 the thought which hitherto had been wrapped in darkness--the thought that my will1 merely as such1 and of itself1 has consequences4 ,it has consequences because it is infallibly and immediately taken knowledge of by another related ,will1 which is itself an act and the only life-principle of the spiritual world4 ,in that ,will it has its first consequence1 and only through that1 in the rest of the spiritual world which1 in all its parts1 is but the product of that infinite ,will4 ,thus ,i flow--the mortal must use the language of mortals--thus ,i flow in upon that ,will2 and the voice of conscience in my inmost being1 which1 in every situation of my life1 instructs me what ,i have to do in that situation1 is that by means of which it1 in turn1 flows in upon me4 ,that voice is the oracle from the eternal world1 made sensible by my environment1 and translated1 by my reception of it1 into my language2 which announces to me how ,i must fit myself to my part in the order of the spiritual world1 or to the infinite ,will1 which itself is the order of that spiritual world4 ,i cannot oversee or see through this spiritual order2 nor need ,i4 ,i am only a link in its chain1 and can no more judge of the whole than a single tone in a song can judge of the harmony of the whole4 ,but what ,i myself should be1 in the harmony of ,spirits1 ,i must know2 for only ,i myself can make myself that1 and it is immediately revealed to me by a voice which sounds over to me from that world4 ,thus ,i stand in connection with the only being that exists1 and partake of its being4 ,there is nothing truly real1 permanent1 imperishable in me1 but these two--the voice of my conscience and my free obedience4 ,by means of the first1 the spiritual world bows down to me and embraces me1 as one of its members4 ,by means of the second1 ,i raise myself into this world1 lay hold of it1 and work in it4 ,but that infinite ,will is the mediator between it and me2 for1 of it and me1 that ,will is the primal fountain4 ,this is the only true and imperishable reality1 toward which my soul moves from its inmost depth4 ,all else is only phenomenon1 and vanishes and returns again1 with new seeming4 ,this ,will connects me with itself4 ,the same connects me with all finite beings of my species1 and is the universal mediator between us all4 ,that is the great mystery of the invisible world1 and its fundamental law1 so far as it is a world or system of several individual wills3 ,union and direct reciprocal action of several self-subsisting and independent wills among one another--a mystery which1 even in the present life1 lies clear before all eyes1 without any one's noticing it or thinking it worthy his admiration6 ,the voice of ,conscience1 which enjoins upon each one his proper duty1 is the ray by which we proceed from the ,infinite and are set forth as individual particular beings4 ,it defines the boundaries of our personality2 it is1 therefore1 our true original constituent1 the foundation and the stuff of all the life which we live4 99 99 99 99 99 ,that eternal ,will1 then1 is indeed world-creator1 as he alone can be--in the finite reason 7the only creation which is needed74 ,they who suppose him to build a world out of eternal inert matter1 which world1 in that case1 could be nothing else but inert and lifeless1 like implements fashioned by human hands and not an eternal process of self-development1 or who think they can imagine the going forth of a material something out of nothing1 know neither the world nor him4 ,if matter only is something1 then there is nowhere anything1 and nowhere1 in all eternity1 can anything be4 ,only ,reason is3 the infinite reason in itself1 and the finite in and through the infinite4 ,only in our minds does he create the world1 or1 at least1 that from which we unfold it1 and that whereby we unfold it--the call to duty1 and the feelings1 perceptions and laws of thought agreeing therewith4 ,it is his light whereby we see light and all that appears to us in that light4 ,in our minds he is continually fashioning this world1 and interposing in it by interposing in our minds with the call of duty1 whenever another free agent effects a change therein4 ,in our minds he maintains this world1 and1 therewith1 our finite existence1 of which alone we are capable1 in that he causes to arise out of our states new states continually4 ,after he has proved us sufficiently for our next destination1 according to his higher aim1 and when we shall have cultivated ourselves for the same1 he will annihilate this world for us by what we call death1 and introduce us into a new one1 the product of our dutiful action in this4 ,all our life is his life4 ,we are in his hand1 and remain in it1 and no one can pluck us out of it4 ,we are eternal because he is eternal4 ,sublime1 living ,will1 whom no name can name1 and whom no conception can grasp6--well may ,i raise my mind to thee1 for thou and ,i are not divided4 ,thy voice sounds in me1 and mine sounds back in thee2 and all my thoughts1 if only they are true and good1 are thought in thee4 ,in thee1 the ,incomprehensible1 ,i become comprehensible to myself1 and entirely comprehend the world4 ,all the riddles of my existence are solved1 and the most perfect harmony arises in my mind4 ,thou art best apprehended by childlike simplicity1 devoted to thee4 ,to it thou art the heart-searcher who lookest through its innermost thoughts2 the all-present1 faithful witness of its sentiments1 who alone knowest that it meaneth well1 and who alone understandest it1 when misunderstood by all the world4 ,thou art to it a ,father1 whose purposes toward it are ever kind1 and who will order everything for its best good4 ,it submitteth itself wholly1 with body and soul1 to thy beneficent decrees4 ,do with me as thou wilt1 it saith1 ,i know that it shall be good1 so surely as it is thou that dost it4 ,the speculative understanding1 which has only heard of thee but has never seen thee1 would teach us to know thy being in itself1 and sets before us an inconsistent monster which it gives out for thine image1 ridiculous to the merely knowing1 hateful and detestable to the wise and good4 ,i veil my face before thee and lay my hand upon my mouth4 ,how thou art in thyself1 and how thou appearest to thyself1 ,i can never know1 as surely as ,i can never be thou4 ,after thousand times thousand spirit-lives lived through1 ,i shall no more be able to comprehend thee than now1 in this hut of earth4 ,that which ,i comprehend becomes1 by my comprehension of it1 finite2 and this can never1 by an endless process of magnifying and exalting1 be changed into infinite4 ,thou differest from the finite1 not only in degree but in kind4 ,by that magnifying process they make thee only a greater and still greater man1 but never ,god1 the ,infinite1 incapable of measure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i will not attempt that which is denied to me by my finite nature1 and which could avail me nothing4 ,i desire not to know how thou art in thyself4 ,but thy relations and connections with me1 the finite1 and with all finite beings1 lie open to mine eye1 when ,i become what ,i should be4 ,they encompass me with a more luminous clearness than the consciousness of my own being4 ,thou workest in me the knowledge of my duty1 of my destination in the series of rational beings4 ,how8 ,i know not1 and need not to know4 ,thou knowest and perceivest what ,i think and will4 ,how thou canst know it--by what act thou bringest this consciousness to pass--on that point ,i comprehend nothing4 ,yea1 ,i know very well that the idea of an act1 of a special act of consciousness1 applies only to me but not to thee1 the ,infinite4 ,thou willest1 because thou willest1 that my free obedience shall have consequences in all eternity4 ,the act of thy will ,i cannot comprehend2 ,i only know that it is not like to mine4 ,thou doest1 and thy will itself is deed4 ,but thy method of action is directly contrary to that of which1 alone1 ,i can form a conception4 ,thou livest and art1 for thou knowest1 and willest1 and workest1 omnipresent to finite ,reason4 ,but thou art not such as through all eternity ,i shall alone be able to conceive of ,being4 ,in the contemplation of these thy relations to me1 the finite1 ,i will be calm and blessed4 ,i know immediately1 only what ,i must do4 ,this will ,i perform undisturbed and joyful1 and without philosophizing4 ,for it is thy voice which commands me1 it is the ordination of the spiritual world-plan concerning me1 and the power by which ,i perform it is thy power4 ,whatsoever is commanded me by that voice1 whatsoever is accomplished by this power1 is surely and truly good in relation to that plan4 ,i am calm in all the events of this world1 for they occur in thy world4 ,nothing can deceive1 or surprise1 or make me afraid1 so surely as thou livest and ,i behold thy life4 ,for in thee and through thee1 ,o infinite ,one1 ,i behold even my present world in another light6 ,nature and natural consequences in the destinies and actions of free beings1 in view of thee1 are empty1 unmeaning words4 ,there is no ,nature more4 ,thou1 thou alone1 art4 ,it no longer appears to me the aim of the present world that the above-mentioned state of universal peace among men1 and of their unconditioned empire over the mechanism of ,nature1 should be brought about merely that it may exist1 but that it should be brought about by man himself1 and1 since it is calculated for all1 then it should be brought about by all1 as one great1 free1 moral community4 ,nothing new and better for the individual1 except through his dutiful will1 nothing new and better for the community1 except through their united1 dutiful will1 is the fundamental law of the great moral kingdom of which the present life is a part4 ,the reason why the good-will of the individual is so often lost for this world1 is that it is only the will of the individual1 and that the will of the majority does not coincide with it2 therefore it has no consequences but those which belong to a future world4 ,hence1 even the passions and vices of men appear to coperate in the promotion of a better state1 not in and for themselves--in this sense good can never come out of evil--but by furnishing a counter-poise to opposite vices1 and finally annihilating those vices and themselves by their preponderance4 ,oppression could never have gained the upper hand unless cowardice1 and baseness1 and mutual distrust had prepared the way for it4 ,it will continue to increase until it eradicates cowardice and the slavish mind2 and despair re-awakens the courage that was lost4 ,then the two antagonistic vices will have destroyed each other1 and the noblest in all human relations1 permanent freedom1 will have come forth from them4 ,the actions of free beings have1 strictly speaking1 no other consequences than those which affect other free beings4 ,for only in such1 and for such1 does a world exist2 and that1 wherein all agree1 is the world4 ,but they have consequences in free agents only by means of the infinite ,will1 by which all individuals exist4 ,a call1 a revelation of that ,will to us1 is always a requirement to perform some particular duty4 ,hence1 even that which we call evil in the world1 the consequence of the abuse of freedom1 exists only through him2 and it exists for all1 for whom it exists1 only so far as it imposes duties upon them4 ,did it not fall within the eternal plan of our moral education and the education of our whole race that precisely these duties should be laid upon us1 they would not have been imposed2 and that whereby they are imposed1 and which we call evil1 would never have been4 ,in this view1 everything which takes place is good1 and absolutely accordant with the best ends4 ,there is but one world possible--a thoroughly good one4 ,everything that occurs in this world conduces to the reformation and education of man1 and1 by means of that1 to the furtherance of his earthly destination4 ,it is this higher world-plan that we call ,nature1 when we say ,nature leads men through want to industry1 through the evils of general disorder to a righteous polity1 through the miseries of their perpetual wars to final1 ever-during peace4 ,thy will1 ,o ,infinite1 thy providence alone1 is this higher ,nature6 ,this too is best understood by artless simplicity1 which regards this life as a place of discipline and education1 as a school for eternity2 which1 in all the fortunes it experiences1 the most trivial as well as the most momentous1 beholds thy ordinations designed for good2 and which firmly believes that all things will work together for good to those who love their duty and know thee4 ,o truly have ,i spent the former days of my life in darkness6 ,truly have ,i heaped errors upon errors1 and thought myself wise6 ,now only out of thy mouth1 wondrous ,spirit1 ,i fully understand the doctrine which seemed so strange to me6#c although my understanding had nothing to oppose to it4 ,for now only ,i overlook it1 in its whole extent1 in its deepest meaning1 and in all its consequences4 ,man is not a product of the world of the senses2 and the end of his existence can never be attained in that world4 ,his destination lies beyond time and space and all that pertains to the senses4 ,he must know what he is and what he is to make himself4 ,as his destination is sublime1 so his thought must be able to lift itself above all the bounds of the senses4 ,this must be his calling4 ,where his being is indigenous1 there his thought must be indigenous also2 and the most truly human view1 that which alone befits him1 that in which his whole power of thought is represented1 is the view by which he lifts himself above those limits1 by which all that is of the senses is changed for him into pure nothing1 a mere reflection in mortal eyes of the alone enduring1 non-sensuous4 ,many have been elevated to this view without scientific thought1 simply by their great heart and their pure moral instinct2 because they lived especially with the heart1 and in the sentiments4 ,they denied1 by their conduct1 the efficacy and reality of the world of the senses2 and in the shaping of their purposes and measures1 they esteemed as nothing that concerning which they had not yet learned by thinking that it is nothing1 even to thought4 ,they who could say1 our citizenship is in heaven2 we have here no permanent place1 but seek one to come2 they whose first principle was1 to die to the world and to be born anew1 and1 even here1 to enter into another life--they1 truly1 placed not the slightest value upon all the objects of sense1 and were1 to use the language of the ,school1 practical transcendental ,idealists4 ,others who1 in addition to the sensuous activity which is native to us all1 have1 by their thought1 confirmed themselves in the sensuous1 become implicated1 and1 as it were1 grown together with it2 they can raise themselves permanently and perfectly above the sensuous only by continuing and carrying out their thought4 ,otherwise1 with the purest moral intentions1 they will still be drawn down again by their understanding1 and their whole being will remain a continued and insoluble contradiction4 ,for such1 that philosophy1 which ,i now first entirely understand1 is the power by which ,psyche first strips off her chrysalis1 unfolds the wings on which she then hovers above herself1 and casts one glance on the slough she has dropped1 thenceforth to live and work in higher spheres4 ,blessed be the hour in which ,i resolved to meditate on myself and my destination6 ,all my questions are solved4 ,i know what ,i can know1 and ,i am without anxiety concerning that which ,i cannot know4 ,i am satisfied4 ,there is perfect harmony and clearness in my spirit1 and a new and more glorious existence for that spirit begins4 ,my whole1 complete destination1 ,i do not comprehend4 ,what ,i am called to be and shall be1 surpasses all my thought4 ,a part of this destination is yet hidden to me1 visible only to him1 the ,father of ,spirits1 to whom it is committed4 ,i know only that it is secured to me1 and that it is eternal and glorious as himself4 ,but that portion of it which is committed to me1 ,i know4 ,i know it entirely1 and it is the root of all my other knowledge4 ,i know1 in every moment of my life1 with certainty1 what ,i am to do in that moment4 ,and this is my whole destination1 so far as it depends upon me4 ,from this1 since my knowledge goes no farther1 ,i must not depart4 ,i must not desire to know anything beyond it4 ,i must stand fast in this one centre1 and take root in it4 ,all my scheming and striving1 and all my faculty1 must be directed to that4 ,my whole existence must inweave itself with it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i raise myself to this viewpoint1 and am a new creature4 ,my whole relation to the existing world is changed4 ,the threads by which my mind was heretofore bound to this world1 and by whose mysterious traction it followed all the movements of this world1 are forever severed1 and ,i stand free--myself1 my own world1 peaceful and unmoved4 ,no longer with the heart1 with the eye alone1 ,i seize the objects about me1 and1 through the eye alone1 am connected with them4 ,and this eye itself1 made clearer by freedom1 looks through error and deformity to the true and the beautiful2 as1 on the unmoved surface of the water1 forms mirror themselves pure and with a softened light4 ,my mind is forever closed against embarrassment and confusion1 against doubt and anxiety2 my heart is forever closed against sorrow1 and remorse1 and desire4 ,there is but one thing that ,i care to know3 ,what ,i must do2 and this ,i know1 infallibly1 always4 ,concerning all besides ,i know nothing1 and ,i know that ,i know nothing2 and ,i root myself fast in this my ignorance1 and forbear to conjecture1 to opine1 to quarrel with myself concerning that of which ,i know nothing4 ,no event in this world can move me to joy1 and none to sorrow4 ,cold and unmoved ,i look down upon them all2 for ,i know that ,i cannot interpret one of them1 nor discern its connection with that which is my only concern4 ,everything which takes place belongs to the plan of the eternal world1 and is good in relation to that plan2 so much ,i know4 ,but what1 in that plan1 is pure gain1 and what is only meant to remove existing evil1 accordingly what ,i should most or least rejoice in1 ,i know not4 ,in his world everything succeeds4 ,this suffices me1 and in this faith ,i stand firm as a rock4 ,but what in his world is only germ1 what blossom1 what the fruit itself1 ,i know not4 ,the only thing which can interest me is the progress of reason and morality in the kingdom of rational beings--and that purely for its own sake1 for the sake of the progress4 ,whether ,i am the instrument of this progress or another1 whether it is my act which succeeds or is thwarted1 or whether it is the act of another1 is altogether indifferent to me4 ,i regard myself in every case but as one of the instruments of a rational design1 and ,i honor and love myself1 and am interested in myself1 only as such2 and ,i wish the success of my act only so far as it goes to accomplish that end4 ,therefore ,i regard all the events of this world in the same manner and only with exclusive reference to this one end--whether they proceed from me or from another1 whether they relate to me immediately1 or to others4 ,my breast is closed against all vexation on account of personal mortifications and affronts1 against all exaltation on account of personal merits2 for my entire personality has long since vanished and been swallowed up in the contemplation of the end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bodily sufferings1 pain and sickness1 should such befal me1 ,i cannot avoid to feel1 for they are events of my nature1 and ,i am and remain nature here below4 ,but they shall not trouble me4 ,they affect only the ,nature with which ,i am1 in some strange way1 connected2 not myself1 the being which is elevated above all ,nature4 ,the sure end of all pain1 and of all susceptibility of pain1 is death2 and of all which the natural man is accustomed to regard as evil1 this is the least so to me4 ,indeed1 ,i shall not die for myself1 but only for others1 for those that remain behind1 from whose connection ,i am severed4 ,for myself1 the hour of death is the hour of birth to a new and more glorious life4 ,since my heart is thus closed to all desire for the earthly1 since1 in fact1 ,i have no longer any heart for the perishable1 the universe appears to my eye in a transfigured form4 ,the dead inert mass which but choked up space has vanished2 and1 instead thereof1 flows1 and waves1 and rushes the eternal stream of life1 and power1 and deed--of the original life1 of thy life1 ,o ,infinite6 ,for all life is thy life1 and only the religious eye pierces to the kingdom of veritable beauty4 ,i am related to thee1 and all that ,i behold around me is related to me4 ,all is quick1 all is soul1 and gazes upon me with bright spirit-eyes1 and speaks in spirit-tones to my heart4 ,most diversely sundered and severed1 ,i behold1 in all the forms without me1 myself again1 and beam upon myself from them1 as the morning sun1 in thousand dew-drops diversely refracted1 glitters back toward itself4 ,thy life1 as the finite being can apprehend it1 is volition which shapes and represents itself by means of itself alone4 ,this life1 made sensible in various ways to mortal eyes1 flows through me and from me downward1 through the immeasurable whole of ,nature4 ,here it streams1 as self-creating1 self-fashioning matter1 through my veins and muscles1 and deposits its fulness outside of me1 in the tree1 in the plant1 in the grass4 ,as one connected stream1 drop by drop1 the forming life flows in all shapes and on all sides1 wherever my eye can follow it1 and looks upon me1 from every point of the universe1 with a different aspect1 as the same force which fashions my own body in darkness and in secret4 ,yonder it waves free1 and leaps and dances as self-forming motion in the brute2 and1 in every new body1 represents itself as another separate1 self-subsisting world--the same power which1 invisible to me1 stirs and moves in my own members4 ,all that lives follows this universal current1 this one principle of all movement1 which transmits the harmonious concussion from one end of the universe to the other4 ,the brute follows it without freedom4 ,i1 from whom1 in the visible world1 the movement proceeds 7without1 therefore1 originating in me71 follow it freely4 ,but1 pure and holy1 and near to thine own essence as aught1 to mortal apprehension1 can be1 this thy life flows forth as a band which binds spirits with spirits in one1 as air and ether of the one world of ,reason1 inconceivable and incomprehensible1 and yet lying plainly revealed to the spiritual eye4 ,conducted by this light-stream1 thought floats unrestrained and the same from soul to soul1 and returns purer and transfigured from the kindred breast4 ,through this mystery the individual finds1 and understands1 and loves himself1 only in another2 and every spirit detaches itself only from other spirits2 and there is no man1 but only a ,humanity2 no isolated thinking1 and loving1 and hating1 but only a thinking1 and loving1 and hating in and through one another4 ,through this mystery the affinity of spirits1 in the invisible world1 streams forth into their corporeal nature1 and represents itself in two sexes1 which1 though every spiritual band could be severed1 are still constrained1 as natural beings1 to love each other4 ,it flows forth into the affection of parents and children1 of brothers and sisters1 as if the souls were sprung from one blood as well as the bodies--as if the minds were branches and blossoms of the same stem2 and from thence it embraces1 in narrower or wider circles1 the whole sentient world4 ,even the hatred of spirits is grounded in thirst for love2 and no enmity springs up1 except from friendship denied4 ,mine eye discerns this eternal life and motion1 in all the veins of sensuous and spiritual ,nature1 through what seems to others a dead mass4 ,and it sees this life forever ascend1 and grow1 and transfigure itself into a more spiritual expression of its own nature4 ,the universe is no longer1 to me1 that circle which returns into itself1 that game which repeats itself without ceasing1 that monster which devours itself in order to reproduce itself as it was before4 ,it is spiritualized to my contemplation1 and bears the peculiar impress of the spirit--continual progress toward perfection1 in a straight line which stretches into infinity4 ,the sun rises and sets1 the stars vanish and return again1 and all the spheres hold their cycle-dance4 ,but they never return precisely such as they disappeared2 and in the shining fountains of life there is also life and progress4 ,every hour which they bring1 every morning and every evening1 sinks down with new blessings on the world4 ,new life and new love drop from the spheres1 as dew-drops from the cloud1 and embrace ,nature1 as the cool night embraces the earth4 ,all death in ,nature is birth2 and precisely in dying the sublimation of life appears most conspicuous4 ,there is no death-bringing principle in ,nature1 for ,nature is only life1 throughout4 ,not death kills1 but the more living life1 which1 hidden behind the old1 begins and unfolds itself4 ,death and birth are only the struggle of life with itself to manifest itself in ever more transfigured form1 more like itself4 ,and my death--can that be anything different from this8--,i1 who am not a mere representation and copy of life1 but who bear within myself the original1 the alone true and essential life6 ,it is not a possible thought that ,nature should annihilate a life which did not spring from her--,nature1 which exists only for my sake1 not ,i for hers4 ,but even my natural life1 even this mere representation of an inward invisible life to mortal eyes1 ,nature cannot annihilate2 otherwise she must be able to annihilate herself--she who exists only for me and for my sake1 and who ceases to exist1 if ,i am not4 ,even because she puts me to death she must quicken me anew4 ,it can be only my higher life1 unfolding itself in her1 before which my present life disappears2 and that which mortals call death is the visible appearing of a second vivification4 ,did no rational being1 who has once beheld its light1 perish from the earth1 there would be no reason to expect a new heaven and a new earth4 ,the only possible aim of ,nature1 that of representing and maintaining ,reason1 would have been already fulfilled here below1 and her circle would be complete4 ,but the act by which she puts to death a free1 self-subsisting being1 is her solemn--to all ,reason apparent--transcending of that act1 and of the entire sphere which she thereby closes4 ,the apparition of death is the conductor by which my spiritual eye passes over to the new life of myself1 and of a ,nature for me4 ,every one of my kind who passes from earthly connections1 and who cannot1 to my spirit1 seem annihilated1 because he is one of my kind1 draws my thought over with him4 ,he still is1 and to him belongs a place4 ,while we1 here below1 sorrow for him with such sorrow as would be felt1 if possible1 in the dull kingdom of unconsciousness1 when a human being withdraws himself from thence to the light of earth's sun--while we so mourn1 on yonder side there is joy because a man is born into their world2 as we citizens of earth receive with joy our own4 ,when ,i1 some time1 shall follow them1 there will be for me only joy2 for sorrow remains behind1 in the sphere which ,i quit4 ,it vanishes and sinks before my gaze--the world which ,i so lately admired4 ,with all the fulness of life1 of order1 of increase1 which ,i behold in it1 it is but the curtain by which an infinitely more perfect world is concealed from me4 ,it is but the germ out of which that infinitely more perfect shall unfold itself4 ,my faith enters behind this curtain1 and warms and quickens this germ4 ,it sees nothing definite1 but expects more than it can grasp here below1 than it will ever be able to grasp in time4 ,so ,i live and so ,i am2 and so ,i am unchangeable1 firm and complete for all eternity4 ,for this being is not one which ,i have received from without2 it is my own only true being and essence4 ,,addresses ,,to ,,the ,,german ,,nation 7#ahjg to #ahjh7 ,,translated ,,by ,,louis ,h4 ,,gray1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,address ,,eight ,the ,definition of a ,nation in the ,higher ,sense of the ,word1 and of ,patriotism ,the last four addresses have answered the question1 ,what is the ,german as contrasted with other nations of ,teutonic origin8 ,the argument will be complete if we further add the examination of the question1 ,what is a nation8 ,the latter question is identical with another1 and1 at the same time1 the other question1 which has often been propounded and has been answered in very different ways1 helps in the solution4 ,this question is1 ,what is patriotism1 or1 as it would be more correctly expressed1 ,what is the love of the individual for his nation8 ,if we have thus far proceeded aright in the course of our investigation1 it must become obvious therefrom that only the ,german--the primitive man1 not he who has become petrified by arbitrary laws and institutions--really has a nation and is entitled to count on one1 and that only he is capable of real and rational love for his nation4 ,we smooth our way to a solution of our proposed task by means of the following remark1 which appears1 at first sight1 to lie outside the context of our previous discussion4 ,as we have already observed in our third address1 religion is able absolutely to transport us above all time and above the whole of present and perceptual life without doing the least injury to the justice1 morality1 and holiness of the life influenced by this belief4 ,even with the certain conviction that all our activity on this earth will not leave the least trace behind it and will not produce the slightest results1 and even with the belief that the divine may actually be perverse and may be used as a tool of evil and of still deeper moral corruption1 it is1 nevertheless1 possible to continue in this activity simply in order to maintain the divine life that has come forth within us and that stands in relation to a higher governance of things in a future world where nothing perishes that has been done in ,god4 ,thus1 for instance1 the apostles and the first ,christians generally1 even while living1 were wholly transported above the earth because of their belief in heaven2 and affairs terrestrial--state1 fatherland1 and nation--were so entirely renounced that they no longer deemed such trivial concerns worthy even of their consideration4 ,however possible this may be1 however easy1 moreover1 for faith1 and however joyfully we may resign ourselves to the conviction1 since it is unalterably the will of ,god1 that we have no more an earthly country but are exiles and slaves here below--nevertheless1 this is not the natural condition and the rule governing the course of the world1 but is a rare exception4 ,moreover1 it is a very perverse use of religion 7and1 among others1 ,christianity has frequently been guilty of it7 when1 as a question of principle and without regard to the existent circumstances1 it proceeds to commend this withdrawal from the affairs of the state and of the nation as a truly religious sentiment4 ,under such conditions1 if they are true and real and not perhaps induced merely by religious fanaticism1 temporal life loses all its independence and becomes simply a fore-court of the true life and a hard trial to be borne only by obedience and submission to the will of ,god2 in this view it becomes true that1 as has been claimed by many1 immortal souls have been plunged into earthly bodies1 as into prisons1 simply as a punishment4 ,in the regular order of things1 however1 earthly life should itself truly be life in which we may rejoice and which we may thankfully enjoy1 even though in expectation of a higher life2 and although it is true that religion is also the comfort of the slave illegally oppressed1 yet1 above all things1 the essence of religion is to oppose slavery and to prevent1 so far as possible1 its deterioration to a mere consolation of the captive4 ,it is doubtless to the interest of the tyrant to preach religious resignation and to refer to heaven those to whom he will not grant a tiny place on earth2 we must1 however1 be less hasty to adopt the view of religion recommended by the tyrant1 for1 if we can1 we must forestall the making of earth into hell in order to arouse a still greater longing for heaven4 ,the natural impulse of man1 to be surrendered only in case of real necessity1 is to find heaven already on this earth and to amalgamate into his earthly work day by day that which lasts forever2 to plant and to cultivate the imperishable in the temporal itself--not merely in an unconceivable way1 connected with the eternal solely by the gulf which mortal eyes may not pass1 but in a manner which is visible to the mortal eye itself4 ,that ,i may begin with this generally intelligible example--what noble-minded man does not wish and aspire to repeat his own life in better wise in his children and1 again1 in their children1 and still to continue to live upon this earth1 ennobled and perfected in their lives1 long after he is dead2 to wrest from mortality the spirit1 the mind1 and the character with which in his day he perchance put perversity and corruption to flight1 established uprightness1 aroused sluggishness1 and uplifted dejection1 and to deposit these1 as his best legacy to posterity1 in the spirits of his survivors1 in order that1 in their turn1 they may again bequeath them equally adorned and augmented8 ,what noble-minded man does not wish1 by act or thought1 to sow a seed for the infinite and eternal perfecting of his race2 to cast into ,time something new and hitherto non-existent1 which may abide there and become the unfailing source of new creations2 to repay1 for his place on this earth and for the short span of life vouchsafed him1 something that shall last forever even here on earth--to the end that he as an individual1 even though unnamed by history 7since thirst for fame is contemptible vanity71 may leave behind in his own consciousness and in his own belief manifest tokens that he himself existed8 ,what noble-minded man does not wish this1 ,i asked2 yet the world is to be considered as organized only in accordance with the requirements of those who thus view themselves as the norm of how all men should be4 ,it is for their sakes alone that the world exists6 ,they are indeed its kernel2 and those who think otherwise must be regarded as merely a part of the transitory world so long as they reason on so low a plane1 for they exist merely for the sake of the noble-minded and must accommodate themselves to the latter until they have risen to their height4 ,what1 now1 could it be that might give solid foundation to this challenge and to this belief of the noble in the eternity and the imperishability of his work8 ,obviously1 only an order of things which he could recognize as eternal in itself and as capable of receiving eternal elements within itself4 ,such an order is1 however1 the special1 spiritual nature of human surroundings1 which can1 it is true1 be comprised in no concept1 but which is1 nevertheless1 truly present--the surroundings from which he has himself come forth with all his thought and activity and with his faith in their eternity--the nation from which he is descended1 amid which he was educated and grew up to what he now is4 ,for however undoubtedly true it may be that his work1 if he rightly lays claim to its eternity1 is in no wise the mere result of the spiritual1 natural law of his nation1 simply merging into this result--no1 it must be thought of as an element greater than that--a something which flows immediately from the primitive and divine life4 ,nevertheless1 it is equally true that this something more1 immediately after its formation as a visible phenomenon1 has subordinated itself to that special spiritual law of nature1 has acquired a perceptual expression only in accordance with that law4 ,under this same natural law1 so long as this nation endures1 all further revelations of the divine will also appear and be formed within it4 ,yet1 through the fact that the man existed and so labored1 this law itself is further determined1 and his activity has become a permanent component of it2 everything subsequent will likewise be compelled to adapt itself accordingly and to conform to the law in question4 ,and thus he is made certain that the culture which he has achieved remains with his nation for all time and becomes a permanent basis of determination for all its further development4 ,in the higher conception of the word considered in general from the viewpoint of an insight into a spiritual world1 a nation is this3 ,the totality of human beings living together in society and constantly perpetuating themselves both bodily and spiritually2 and this totality stands altogether under a certain specific law through which the divine develops itself4 ,the universality of this specific law is what binds this multitude into a natural totality1 inter-penetrated by itself1 in the eternal world1 and1 for that very reason1 in the temporal world as well4 ,the law itself1 in its essence1 can be generally comprehended as we have applied it to the case of the ,germans as a primal nation2 through consideration of the phenomena of such a nation it may be even more exactly grasped in many of its further determinations2 yet it can never be entirely understood by any one who1 unknown to himself1 personally remains continually under its influence2 it may in general1 however1 be clearly perceived that such a law exists4 ,this law is a surplus of the figurative which amalgamates directly with the surplus of the unfigurative primitiveness in the phenomenon1 and thus1 precisely in the phenomenon1 both are then no longer separable4 ,that law absolutely determines and completes what has been called the national character of a people--the law1 namely1 of the development of the primitive and of the divine4 ,from the latter it is clear that men who do not in the least believe in a primitive being and in a further development of it1 but simply in an eternal circle of visible life1 and who1 through their belief1 become what they believe1 are no nation whatsoever in the higher sense2 and since they do not1 strictly speaking1 actually exist1 they are equally powerless to possess a national character4 ,the belief of the noble-minded man in the eternal continuance of his activity1 even upon this earth1 is based1 accordingly1 on the hope for the eternal continuance of the nation from which he has himself developed1 and of its individuality in accordance with that hidden law1 without intermixture and corruption by any alien element and by what does not appertain to the totality of this legislation4 ,this individuality is the permanent element to which he intrusts the eternity of himself and of his continued action--the eternal order of things in which he lays his perpetuity4 ,he must desire its continuance1 for it is alone the releasing agency whereby the brief span of his life here is extended to a continuous life upon the earth4 ,his belief and his endeavor to plant what shall not pass away1 and the concept in which he comprehends his own life as an eternal life1 constitute the bond which most intimately associates with himself1 first1 his own nation and1 through that1 the entire human race--which brings the needs of them all1 to the end of time1 into his broadened heart4 ,this is his love for his nation1 and through it1 first1 he respects1 trusts1 rejoices in it1 and takes pride in his descent from it2 the ,divine has appeared in it1 and has deigned to make it his covering and his means of direct communication with the world2 the ,divine1 therefore1 will continue to break forth from it4 ,therefore man is1 secondly1 active1 efficacious1 and self-sacrificing for his nation4 ,life1 simply as life1 as a continuance of changing existence1 has certainly never possessed value for him apart from this--he has desired it merely as the source of the permanent4 ,this permanence1 however1 alone promises him the independent continuance of the existence of his nation2 and to save this he must even be willing to die that it may live1 and that in it he may live the only life that has ever been possible to him4 ,thus it is4 ,love1 to be really love1 and not merely a transitory desire1 never clings to the perishable1 but is awakened and kindled by1 and based upon1 the eternal only4 ,man is not even able to love himself unless he consider himself as eternal2 moreover1 he cannot even esteem and approve himself4 ,still less can he love anything outside himself1 except1 that is1 that he receive it within the eternity of his belief and of his soul1 and connect it with this eternity4 ,he who does not1 first of all1 regard himself as eternal1 has no love whatever1 nor can he1 moreover1 love a fatherland1 since nothing of the sort exists for him4 ,it is true that he who1 perchance1 regards his invisible life as eternal1 but who does not1 therefore1 esteem his visible life as eternal in the same sense1 may perhaps have a heaven1 and in this his fatherland1 but here on earth he has no fatherland2 for this also is seen only under the metaphor of eternity and1 indeed1 of visible eternity1 rendered perceptible to the senses2 moreover1 he cannot1 therefore1 love his fatherland4 ,if such a man has none1 he is to be pitied2 but he to whom one has been given1 and in whose soul heaven and earth1 the invisible and the visible1 interpenetrate1 and thus for the first time create a true and worthy heaven1 fights to the last drop of his blood again to transmit the precious possession undiminished to posterity4 ,thus has it been from time immemorial1 though it has not been expressed from time immemorial with this generality and with this clearness4 ,what inspired the noble spirits among the ,romans1 whose sentiments and mode of thought still live and breathe among us in their monuments1 to struggle and to sacrifice1 to endure and be patient1 for their fatherland8 ,they themselves state it frequently and clearly4 ,it was their firm belief in the eternal continuance of their ,rome1 and their confident expectation of themselves continuing to live in this eternity4 ,in so far as this conviction had foundation1 and in so far as they themselves would have grasped it if they had been perfectly clear within themselves1 it never deceived them4 ,unto this day what was really eternal in their eternal ,rome lives on and they with it in our midst1 and it will continue to live1 in its results1 until the end of time4 ,in this sense--as the vehicle and the pledge of earthly eternity1 and the interpretation of the eternal here--nation and fatherland far transcend the ,state in the ordinary sense of the term social organization1 as this is conceived in its simple1 clear connotation1 and as it is founded and maintained in accordance with this conception--a conception which demands sure justice and internal peace1 and requires that every one through his efforts obtain his support and the prolongation of his sentient existence so long as ,god will grant it to him4 ,all this is only a means1 a condition1 and a scaffolding of what patriotism really means--the development of the eternal and the divine in the world1 which is ever to become purer1 more perfect in infinite progression4 ,for that very reason this patriotism must1 first of all1 rule the ,state itself as absolutely the highest1 ultimate1 and independent authority1 by limiting it in the choice of means for its immediate purpose--inner peace4 ,to reach this goal1 the natural freedom of the individual must be limited in many ways1 it is true2 and if this were absolutely the only consideration and intention regarding them1 it would be well to restrict this liberty as closely as possible1 in order to bring all their movements under one uniform rule1 and to keep them under constant supervision4 ,granted that such severity be necessary1 it could at least do no harm for this single end2 only the higher concept of the human race and of the nations widens this limited view4 ,even in the manifestations of external life freedom is the soil in which the higher culture germinates2 a legislation which keeps this later aim in view will give the broadest possible scope to freedom1 even at the risk that a less degree of uniform quiet and calm may result1 and that government may become a little more difficult and laborious4 ,to elucidate this by an example--it has been known to happen that nations have been told to their faces that they did not require as much freedom as many other nations do4 ,this statement might1 indeed1 be dictated by forbearance and a desire to palliate1 the true meaning being that they were utterly unable to endure so great freedom and that only a high degree of rigidity could prevent them from destroying one another4 ,if1 however1 the words are taken as they are spoken1 they are true under the presupposition that such a nation is entirely incapable of the natural life and of the impulse toward it4 ,such a nation--in case such a one1 in which some few of the nobler sort did not make an exception to the general rule1 were possible--would indeed require no freedom whatever1 since this is only for the higher ends which transcend the ,state2 it requires simply taming and training in order that the individuals may live peaceably side by side1 and that the whole may be made an efficient means for arbitrary ends which lie outside its proper sphere4 ,we need not decide whether this may truthfully be said of any nation whatever2 but this much is clear1 that a primitive nation requires freedom1 that this freedom is the pledge of its persistence as a primitive people1 and that1 as it continues1 it bears1 without any danger1 an ever ascending degree of freedom4 ,and this is the first example of the necessity of patriotism governing the state itself4 ,it must1 then1 be patriotism which governs the state in that it sets for it itself a higher end than the ordinary one of the maintenance of the internal peace1 of the property1 of the personal freedom1 of the life1 and of the well-being of all4 ,solely for this higher end1 and with no other intention1 the state assembles an armed force4 ,when the problem of the application of this armed force arises1 when it is a question of hazarding all the aims of the state in the abstract-property1 personal freedom1 life1 welfare1 and the continuance of the state itself--when1 answerable to ,god alone1 they are called upon to decide without a clear and rational conception of the sure attainment of the end in view1 which in matters of this sort it is never possible to gain--then only the true primitive life holds the rudder of the state1 and here for the first time enters the true sovereign right of the government1 like ,god1 to imperil the lower life for the sake of the higher4 ,in the maintenance of the traditional organization1 of the laws1 and of civic welfare1 there is absolutely no genuine life and no primitive decision4 ,circumstances and situations1 legislators who have perhaps long been dead1 have created those things2 succeeding ages go trustingly forward in the road they have entered1 and thus1 as a matter of fact1 they do not live a public life of their own1 but merely repeat a former4 ,in such periods there is no need of a real government4 ,if1 however1 this uniform progress is imperiled1 and the problem arises of deciding with reference to new cases1 then a life is required which has its roots in itself4 ,what spirit is it1 now1 which in such cases may take its place at the helm1 which is able to decide with individual certainty and without uneasy wavering1 and which has an indubitable right authoritatively to lay demands upon every one who may be concerned1 whether he will or not1 and to compel the recalcitrant to imperil everything1 even to his life8 ,not the spirit of calm civilian love for the constitution and the laws1 but the burning flame of the higher patriotism which regards the nation as the veil of the eternal1 for which the noble joyfully sacrifices himself1 and for which the ignoble1 who exists only for the sake of the noble1 should also sacrifice himself6 ,it is not that civilian love for the constitution1 for this is absolutely incapable of such action if it is founded on reason only4 ,whatever may be the outcome1 since governance is not unrewarded1 some one will always be found to take charge of it4 ,let the new ruler even favor slavery 7and in what does slavery consist except in contempt and suppression of the individuality of a primitive people871 since advantage may be derived from the life of slaves1 from their number1 and even from their welfare1 then slavery will be endurable under him provided he is a calculator to any extent4 ,they will at least always find life and support4 ,why1 then1 should they thus struggle8 ,according to both of them1 it is peace which transcends everything in their opinion1 but this is disturbed only by the continuance of the struggle4 ,the slave1 therefore1 puts forth every effort to end it quickly2 he will yield and submit--and why should he not8 ,he never had a higher purpose1 and he has never expected anything more from life than the continuance of his existence under endurable conditions4 ,the promise of a life lasting1 even here1 beyond the duration of earthly life--this alone is what can inspire him to death for the fatherland4 ,thus it has always been4 ,wheresoever real government has existed1 where serious struggles have been fought out1 where victory has been won against mighty resistance1 it has been the promise of eternal life that governed and fought and conquered4 ,the ,german ,protestants1 formerly mentioned in these addresses1 fought with faith in this promise4 ,did they not perhaps know that nations might also be governed with the old faith and be held in legal order1 and that a good livelihood might be found under this faith also8 ,why1 then1 did their princes thus determine upon armed resistance1 and why did their peoples lend themselves to it with enthusiasm8 ,it was heaven and eternal happiness for which they gladly shed their blood4 ,yet what earthly power could then have penetrated into the inmost sanctuary of their souls and have been able to eradicate the faith which had now once sprung up within them1 and on which alone they based their hope of salvation8 ,it was not1 therefore1 their own happiness for which they struggled--of that they were already assured2 it was the happiness of their children1 of their grandchildren still unborn1 and of all posterity4 ,these1 too1 should be brought up in the same doctrine which alone seemed to them to bring salvation2 they1 too1 should share in the salvation which had dawned for them4 ,it was this hope alone that was threatened by the foe2 for that hope1 for an order of things which should bloom above their graves long after they were dead1 they shed their blood thus joyfully4 ,if we grant that they were not entirely clear to themselves1 that in their designation of the noblest they verbally mistook what was within them1 and with their mouths did injustice to their souls2 if we willingly acknowledge that their confession of faith was not the sole and exclusive means of attaining heaven beyond the grave--yet1 this1 at least1 is eternally true that more heaven on this side of the grave1 a more courageous and more joyous lifting of the gaze above the earth1 and a freer impulse of spirit have come through their sacrifice into all the life of succeeding ages2 and the descendants of their opponents1 as well as we ourselves1 their own descendants1 enjoy the fruits of their labors unto this day4 ,in this belief our oldest common ancestors1 the parent nation of civilization1 the ,teutons whom the ,romans called ,germans1 boldly opposed the advancing world-dominion of the ,romans4 ,did they not then see before their eyes the higher bloom of the ,roman provinces near them1 the more refined enjoyments in them1 and1 in addition1 laws1 judgment-seats1 rods1 and axes in superabundance8 ,were not the ,romans willing enough to allow them to share in all these blessings8 ,did they not experience1 in the case of several of their own princes who had allowed themselves to be persuaded that war against such benefactors of humanity was rebellion1 proofs of the lauded ,roman clemency1 since ,rome adorned these submissive lords with kingly titles1 with generalships in their armies1 and with ,roman fillets1 and gave them1 if1 perchance1 they had been driven out by their compatriots1 maintenance and a place of refuge in their colonies8 ,had they no feeling for the advantages of ,roman culture1 as1 for example1 for the better organization of their armies1 in which even an ,arminius did not disdain to learn the trade of war8 ,none of all these ignorances or negligences is to be charged against them4 ,their descendents even adopted the culture of the ,romans as soon as they could do it without loss of their freedom and in so far as it was possible without impairment of their individuality4 ,why did they1 then1 thus struggle for several generations in sanguinary war1 ever renewed with the same virulence8 ,a ,roman author makes their leaders ask whether anything was then left for them except either to assert their freedom or to die before they became slaves8 ,freedom meant to them that they remained ,germans1 that they continued to decide their affairs independently1 in conformity with their national genius1 and1 likewise in conformity with this spirit1 that they continued to go forward in their development and transmitted this independence to their posterity2 slavery meant to them all the blessings which the ,romans offered them1 because in that case they must be something else than ,germans--they might be half ,romans4 ,it is self-evident1 they presuppose1 that every one would rather die than become thus1 and that a true ,german can wish to live only that he may be and remain forever a ,german and may train all that belong to him to be ,germans also4 ,they have not all died2 they have not seen slavery2 they have bequeathed liberty to their children4 ,all the modern world owes it to their stubborn resistance that it exists as it does4 ,if the ,romans had succeeded in subjugating them also and1 as the ,roman everywhere did1 in eradicating them as a nation1 then the entire future development of mankind would have taken a direction that we cannot imagine would have been more pleasant4 ,we1 the immediate heirs of their land1 their language1 and their thought1 owe it to them that we be still ,germans1 that the stream of primitive and independent life still bear us on2 to them we owe everything that we have since become as a nation2 and1 unless we have now perhaps come to an end1 and unless the last drop of blood inherited from them is dried up in our veins1 we shall owe to them all that we shall be in the future4 ,even the other ,teutonic races1 among whom are our brethren1 and who have now become foreigners to us1 owe to them their existence2 when they conquered eternal ,rome1 no one of all these nations yet existed2 at that time the possibility of their future origin was simultaneously won in the struggle4 ,these1 and all others in universal history who have been of their type of thought1 have conquered because the eternal inspired them1 and thus this inspiration ever and of necessity prevails over him who is not inspired4 ,it is not the might of arms nor the fitness of weapons that wins victories1 but the power of the soul4 ,he who sets himself a limited goal for his sacrifices1 and who can dare no further than a certain point1 surrenders resistance as soon as the danger reaches a crisis where he cannot yield or dodge4 ,he who has set himself no limit whatsoever1 but who hazards everything1 even life--the highest boon that can be lost on earth--never ceases to resist1 and1 if his opponent has a more limited goal1 he indubitably conquers4 ,a people that is capable1 though it be only in its highest representatives and leaders1 of keeping firmly before its vision independence1 the face from the spirit world1 and of being inspired with love for it1 as were our remotest forefathers1 surely conquers a people that1 like the ,roman armies1 is used merely as a tool for foreign dominion and for the subjugation of independent nations2 for the former have everything to lose1 the latter have merely something to gain4 ,but even a whim can prevail over the mental attitude which regards war as a game of hazard for temporal gain or loss1 and which1 even before the game starts1 has fixed the limit of the stake4 ,think1 for example1 of a ,mohammed--not the real ,mohammed of history1 concerning whom ,i confess that ,i have no judgment1 but the ,mohammed of a distinguished ,french poet--who had once become firmly convinced that he was one of the extraordinary natures who are called to guide the obscure and common folk of earth1 and to whom1 in consequence of this first presupposition1 all his whims1 however meagre and limited they may really be1 must necessarily appear to be great1 exalted and inspiring ideas because they are his own1 while everything that opposes them must seem obscure1 common folk1 enemies of their own weal1 evil-minded1 and hateful4 ,such a man1 in order to justify this self-conceit to himself as a divine vocation1 and entirely absorbed in this thought1 must stake everything upon it1 nor can he rest until he has trampled under foot all that will not think as highly of him as he does himself1 or until his own belief in his divine mission is reflected from the whole contemporary world4 ,i shall not say what would be his fortunes in case a spiritual vision that is true and clear within itself should actually come against him on the field of battle1 but he certainly wins from those limited gamblers1 for he hazards everything against those who do not so hazard2 no spirit inspires them1 but he is altogether inspired by a fanatical spirit--that of his mighty and powerful self-conceit4 ,it follows from all this that the state1 as mere governance of human life proceeding in its normal peaceable course1 is not a primal thing and one existing for itself1 but that it is simply the means to the higher end of the eternally uniform development of the purely human in this nation2 that it is only the vision and the love of this eternal development which is continually to guide the higher outlook upon the administration of the state1 even in periods of calm1 and which alone can save the independence of the nation when this is endangered4 ,in the case of the ,germans1 among whom1 as being a primitive people1 this love of country was possible and1 as we firmly believe1 has actually existed hitherto1 such patriotism could1 up to our own time1 count with a high degree of certainty upon the safety of its most important interests4 ,as was the case only among the ,greeks in antiquity1 among the ,germans the ,state and the nation were actually severed from each other1 and each was represented separately2 the former in the individual ,german kingdoms and principalities2 the latter visibly in the ,federation of the ,empire1 and invisibly--valid not in consequence of written law but as a sequence of a law living in the hearts of all1 and in its results striking the eyes at every turn--in a multitude of customs and institutions4 ,as far as the ,german language extended1 every one who saw the light within its domain could regard himself as a citizen in a two-fold sense1 partly of his natal city1 to whose immediate protection he was recommended2 and partly of the entire common fatherland of the ,german nation4 ,throughout the whole extent of this fatherland each man might seek for himself that culture which was most akin to his spirit1 or he might search for the sphere of activity most suited for it2 and talent did not grow into its place1 like a tree1 but he was permitted to search for that place4 ,he who became estranged from his immediate surroundings through the direction taken by his culture1 easily found welcome reception elsewhere2 he found new friends instead of those whom he had lost2 he found time and quiet in which to explain himself more accurately and perhaps to win over and to reconcile the wrathful themselves1 and thus to unite the whole4 ,no ,german-born prince could ever bring himself to mark off the fatherland of his subjects within the mountains or rivers where he ruled1 and to regard them as bound to the soil4 ,a truth which could not be uttered in one place might be proclaimed in another1 where1 perhaps1 on the contrary1 those truths were forbidden which were allowable in the former district2 and thus1 despite many instances of partiality and narrow-mindedness in the individual states1 in ,germany1 taken as a whole1 was found the utmost freedom of investigation and of communication that ever a nation possessed4 ,higher culture was1 and remained on every hand1 the result of the reciprocity of the citizens of all ,german states1 and this higher culture then gradually descended in this form to the greater masses1 who1 consequently1 have always1 on the whole1 continued to educate themselves4 ,as has been said1 no ,german with a ,german heart1 placed at the head of a government1 has ever diminished this essential pledge of the continuance of a ,german nation2 and even though1 in view of other primitive decisions1 what the higher ,german patriotism must desire was not invariably to be effected1 yet at least there was no direct opposition to its interests2 no effort was made to undermine that love1 to eradicate it1 and to replace it by an antagonistic love4 ,but if1 now1 the original guidance both of that higher culture and of the national power--which should be used only in behalf of that culture and to further its continuance--the employment of ,german wealth and ,german blood is to pass from the supremacy of the ,german spirit to that of another1 what would then necessarily result8 ,here is the place where there is special need of applying the policy which we outlined in our first address1 namely1 to be unwilling to be deceived in regard to our own interest1 and to have the courage willingly to see the truth and acknowledge it4 ,moreover1 it is still permissible1 so far as ,i know1 to talk with one another in ,german about our fatherland1 or at least to sigh in ,german1 and1 ,i believe1 we should not do well if we ourselves precipitated such an interdiction and wished to lay the fetters of individual timidity on the courage which1 no doubt1 will already have considered the risk of the venture4 ,well then1 picture to yourself the presupposed new rgime to be as kind and as benevolent as you will2 make it good as ,god2 will you also be able to invest it with divine understanding8 ,even though it may1 in all earnestness1 desire the highest happiness and welfare of all1 will the best welfare that it can comprehend also be the welfare of ,germany8 ,i accordingly hope that ,i shall be perfectly understood in reference to the main point that ,i have presented to you today2 ,i hope that in the course of my remarks many have thought and felt that ,i merely express clearly in words what has always lain within their hearts2 ,i hope the same will be the case with the other ,germans who will some day read this address4 ,several ,germans have said approximately the same things before me1 and that sentiment has lain obscurely at the basis of the opposition continually manifested against a merely mechanical establishment and estimate of the ,state4 ,and now ,i challenge all who are acquainted with modern foreign literature to prove to me what later sage1 poet1 or lawgiver among them has ever given birth to a prophetic thought similar to this1 which regarded the human race as being in continual progress1 and which correlated all its temporal activity only with this progress2 whether any one of them1 even in the period when they soared most boldly to political creation1 demanded from the state more than equality1 internal peace1 external national fame1 and1 when their demands reached the extreme limit1 domestic happiness8 ,if this is their highest conception1 as must be deduced from all that has been said1 they can attribute to us likewise no higher needs and no higher demands upon life1 and--always presupposing those beneficent sentiments toward us and an absence of all selfishness and of all desire to be more than we--they believe that they have made admirable provision for us when they give us all that they alone recognize as desirable4 ,on the other hand1 that for which alone the nobler soul among us can live is then eradicated from public life1 and the people1 who have always shown themselves receptive toward the impulses of higher things1 and the majority of whom1 it might be hoped1 could even be raised to that nobility1 are--in so far as it is treated as they wish it to be treated--abased beneath its rank1 dishonored1 and blotted out1 since it coalesces with the populace of the baser sort4 ,if1 now1 those higher claims upon life1 together with the sense of their divine right1 still remain living and potent in any one1 he1 with deep indignation1 feels himself crushed back into those first ages of ,christianity in which it was said3 ,resist not evil3 but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek1 turn to him the other also4 ,and if any man will take away thy coat1 let him have thy cloak also4 ,and rightly so1 for as long as he still sees a cloak upon thee1 he seeks an opportunity to quarrel with thee in order to take this also from thee2 not until thou art utterly naked dost thou escape his attention and art unmolested by him4 ,even his higher feelings1 which do him honor1 make earth a hell and an abomination to him2 he wishes that he had not been born2 he wishes that his eyes may close to the light of day1 the sooner the better2 unceasing sorrow lays hold upon his days until the grave claims him2 he can wish for those dear to him no better gift than a quiet and contented spirit1 that with less pain they may live on in expectation of an eternal life beyond the grave4 ,these addresses lay upon you the task of preventing1 by the sole means which still remains after the others have been tried in vain1 the destruction of every nobler impulse that may in the future possibly arise among us and this debasement of our entire nation4 ,they present to you a true and omnipotent patriotism1 which1 in the conception of our nation as of one that is eternal1 and as citizens of our own eternity1 is to be deeply and ineradicably founded in the minds of all1 by means of education4 ,what this education may be1 and in what way it may be achieved1 we shall see in the following addresses4 ,illustration3 ,,volunteers ,,of #ahac ,,before ,,king ,,friedrich ,,wilhelm ,,iii ,,in ,,breslau ,from the ,painting by ,f4,w4 ,scholtz 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,fourteen ,conclusion of the ,whole ,the addresses which ,i here conclude have1 indeed1 been directed primarily to you1#d but they had in view the entire ,german nation2 and1 in intention1 they have gathered about them1 in the space wherein you visibly breathe1 all that would be capable of understanding them as far as the ,german tongue extends4 ,should ,i have succeeded in casting into any bosom throbbing before my eyes some sparks which may glimmer on and take life1 it is not in my thought that they remain solitary and alone1 but1 traversing the whole ground in common1 ,i would gather about them similar sentiments and purposes and weld them so unitedly that a continuous and coherent flame of patriotic thought might spread and be enkindled from this centre over the soil of the fatherland and to its furthest bounds4 ,my addresses have not been directed to this generation for the pastime of idle ears and eyes1 but ,i desire at last to know--even as every one who is like-minded should know--whether there is anything outside us that is akin to our type of thought4 ,every ,german who still believes that he is a member of a nation1 who thinks of it in grand and noble fashion1 who hopes in it1 and who dares1 suffers1 and endures for it1 should at last be torn from the uncertainty of his belief2 he should clearly discern whether he is right or whether he is only a fool and a fanatic2 henceforth he should either continue his path with sure and joyous consciousness1 or1 with healthy resolution1 should renounce a fatherland here below and comfort himself solely with that which is in heaven4 ,to you1 therefore1 not as such-and-such persons in our daily and circumscribed life1 but as representatives of the nation1 and1 through your ears1 to the nation as a whole1 these addresses appeal4 ,centuries have passed since you have been convened as you are today--in such numbers1 in so great1 so insistent1 so mutual an interest1 so absolutely as a nation and as ,germans4 ,never again will you be so bidden4 ,if you do not listen now and examine yourselves1 if you again let these addresses pass you by as an empty tickling of the ears or as a strange prodigy1 no human being will longer take account of you4 ,hear at last for once2 for once at last reflect6 ,only do not go this time from the spot without having made a firm resolve2 let every one who hears this voice make this resolution within himself and for himself1 even as though he were alone and must do everything alone4 ,if very many individuals think thus1 there will soon be a great whole uniting into a single1 close-knit power4 ,if1 on the contrary1 each one1 excluding himself1 relies on the rest and relinquishes the affair to others1 then there are no others at all1 for1 even though combined1 all remain just as they were before4 ,make it on the spot--this resolution6 ,do not say1 ,yet a little more sleep1 a little more slumber1 a little folding of the hands to sleep1 until1 perchance1 improvement shall come of itself4 ,it will never come of itself4 ,he who has once missed the opportunity of yesterday1 when clear perception would have been easier1 will not be able to make up his mind today1 and will certainly be even less able to do so tomorrow4 ,every delay only makes us still more inert and but lulls us more and more into gentle acquiescence to our wretched plight4 ,neither could the external stimulations to reflection ever be stronger and more insistent1 for surely he whom these present conditions do not arouse has lost all feeling4 ,you have been called together to make a last1 determined resolution and decision--not by any means to give commands and mandates to others1 or to depute others to do the work for you4 ,no1 my purpose is to urge you to do the work yourself4 ,in this connection that idle passing of resolutions1 the will to will1 some time or other1 are not sufficient1 nor is it enough to remain sluggishly satisfied until self-improvement sets in of its own accord4 ,on the contrary1 from you is demanded a determination which is identical with action and with life itself1 and which will continue and control1 unwavering and unchilled1 until it gains its goal4 ,or is perchance the root1 from which alone can grow a tenacity of purpose which takes hold upon life1 utterly eradicated and vanished within you8 ,or is your whole being actually rarefied into a hollow shade1 devoid of sap and blood and of individual power of movement1 or dissolved to a dream in which1 indeed1 a motley array of faces arise and busily cross one another1 but the body lies stiff and dead8 ,long since it has been openly proclaimed to our generation and repeated under every guise1 that this is very nearly its condition4 ,its spokesmen have believed that this was declared merely in insult1 and have regarded themselves as challenged to return the insults1 thinking that thus the affair would resume its natural course4 ,as for the rest1 there was not the slightest trace of change or of improvement4 ,if you have heard this1 and if it was capable of rousing your indignation--well then1 through your very actions1 give the lie to those who thus think and speak of you4 ,once show yourselves to be different before the eyes of all the world1 and before the eyes of all the world they will be convicted of their falsehood4 ,it may be that they have spoken thus harshly of you with the precise intention of forcing this refutation from you1 and because they despaired of any other means of arousing you4 ,how much better1 then1 would have been their intentions toward you than were the purposes of those who flattered you that you might be kept in sluggish calm and in careless thoughtlessness6 ,however weak and powerless you may be1 during this period clear and calm reflection has been vouchsafed you as never before4 ,what really plunged us into confusion regarding our position1 into thoughtlessness1 into a blind way of letting things go1 was our sweet complacency with ourselves and our mode of existence4 ,things had thus gone on hitherto1 and so they continued and would continue to go4 ,if any one challenged us to reflect1 we triumphantly showed him1 instead of any other refutation1 our continued existence which went on without any thought or effort on our part2 yet things flowed along simply because we were not put to the test4 ,since that time we have passed through the ordeal and it might be supposed that the deceptions1 the delusions1 and the false consolations with which we all misguided one another would have collapsed6 ,the innate prejudices which1 without proceeding from this point or from that1 spread over all like a natural cloud and wrapped all in the same mist1 ought surely1 by this time1 to have utterly vanished6 ,that twilight no longer obscures our eyes1 and can therefore no longer serve for an excuse4 ,now we stand1 naked and bare1 stripped of all alien coverings and draperies1 simply as ourselves4 ,now it must appear what each self is1 or is not4 ,some one among you might come forward and ask me ,what gives you in particular1 the only one among all ,german men and authors1 the special task1 vocation1 and prerogative of convening us and inveighing against us8 ,would not any one among the thousands of the writers of ,germany have exactly the same right to do this as you have8 ,none of them does it2 you alone push yourself forward4 ,i answer that each one would1 indeed1 have had the same right as ,i1 and that ,i do it for the very reason that no one among them has done it before me2 that ,i would be silent if any one else had spoken previous to me4 ,this was the first step toward the goal of a radical amelioration1 and some one must take it4 ,i seemed to be the first vividly to perceive this--accordingly1 it was ,i who first took it4 ,after this1 a second step will be taken1 and thereto every one has now the same right2 but1 as a matter of fact1 it1 in its turn1 will be taken by but one individual4 ,one man must always be the first1 and let him be he who can6 ,without anxiety regarding this circumstance1 let your attention rest for an instant on the consideration to which we have previously led you--in how enviable a position ,germany and the world would be if the former had known how to utilize the good fortune of her position and to recognize her advantage4 ,let your eyes rest upon what they both are now1 and let your minds be penetrated by the pain and indignation which1 in this reflection1 must lay hold upon every noble soul4 ,then examine yourselves and see that it is you who can release the age from the errors of ancient times1 and that1 if only you will permit it1 your own eyes can be cleared of the mist that covers them2 learn1 too1 that it has been vouchsafed to you1 as to no generation before you1 to undo what has been done and to efface the dishonorable interval from the annals of the ,german nation4 ,let the various conditions among which you must choose pass before you4 ,if you drift along in your torpor and your heedlessness1 all the evils of slavery await you--deprivations1 humiliations1 the scorn and arrogance of the conqueror2 you will be pushed about from pillar to post1 because you have never found your proper niche1 until1 through the sacrifice of your nationality and of your language1 you slip into some subordinate place where your nation shall sink its identity4 ,if1 on the other hand1 you rouse yourselves1 you will find1 first of all1 an enduring and honorable existence1 and will behold a flourishing generation which promises to you and to the ,germans the most glorious and lasting memory4 ,through the instrumentality of this new generation you will see in spirit the ,german name exalted to the most glorious among all nations2 you will discern in this nation the regenerator and restorer of the world4 ,it depends upon you whether you will be the last of a dishonorable race1 even more surely despised by posterity than it deserves1 and in whose history--if there can be any history in the barbarism which will then begin--succeeding generations will rejoice when it perishes and will praise fate that it is just2 or whether you will be the beginning and the point of development of a new age which will be glorious beyond all your expectations1 and become those from whom posterity will date the year of their salvation4 ,bethink yourselves that you are the last in whose power this great change lies4 ,you have heard the ,germans called a unit2 you have still a visible sign of their unity--an ,empire and an ,imperial ,league--or you have heard of it2 among you even yet1 from time to time1 voices have been audible which were inspired by this higher patriotism4 ,after you become accustomed to other concepts and will accept alien forms and a different course of occupation and of life--how long will it then be before no one longer lives who has seen ,germans or who has heard of them8 ,what is demanded of you is not much4 ,you should only keep before you the necessity of pulling yourselves together for a little time and of reflecting upon what lies immediately and obviously before your eyes4 ,you should merely form for yourselves a fixed opinion regarding this situation1 remain true to it1 and utter and express it in your immediate surroundings4 ,it is the presupposition1 yea1 it is our firm conviction1 that this reflection will lead to the same result in all of you2 that1 if you only seriously consider1 and do not continue in your previous heedlessness1 you will think in harmony2 and that1 if you can bring your intelligence to bear1 and if only you do not continue to vegetate1 unanimity and unity of spirit will come of themselves4 ,if1 however1 matters once reach this point1 all else that we need will result automatically4 ,this reflection is1 moreover1 demanded from each one of you who can still consider for himself something lying obviously before his eyes4 ,you have time for this2 events will not take you unawares2 the records of the negotiations conducted with you will remain before your eyes4 ,lay them not from your hands until you are in unity with your selves4 ,neither let1 oh1 let not yourselves be made supine by reliance upon others or upon anything whatsoever that lies outside yourselves1 nor yet through the unintelligent belief of our time that the epochs of history are made by the agency of some unknown power without any aid from man4 ,these addresses have never wearied in impressing upon you that absolutely nothing can help you but yourselves1 and they find it necessary to repeat this to the last moment4 ,rain and dew1 fruitful or unfruitful years1 may indeed be made by a power which is unknown to us and is not under our control2 but only men themselves--and absolutely no power outside them--give to each epoch its particular stamp4 ,only when they are all equally blind and ignorant do they fall the victims of this hidden power1 though it is within their own control not to be blind and ignorant4 ,it is true that to whatever degree1 greater or less1 things may go ill with us1 in part depends upon that unknown power2 but far more is it dependent upon the intelligence and the good will of those to whom we are subjected4 ,whether1 on the other hand1 it will ever again be well with us depends wholly upon ourselves2 and surely nevermore will any welfare whatsoever come to us unless we ourselves acquire it for ourselves--especially unless each individual among us toils and labors in his own way as though he were alone and as though the salvation of future generations depended solely upon him4 ,this is what you have to do2 and these addresses adjure you to do this without delay4 ,they adjure you1 young men6 ,i1 who have long since ceased to belong to you1 maintain--and ,i have also expressed my conviction in these addresses--that you are yet more capable of every thought transcending the commonplace1 and are more easily aroused to all that is good and great1 because your time of life still lies closer to the years of childish innocence and of nature4 ,very differently does the majority of the older generation regard this fundamental trait in you4 ,it accuses you of arrogance1 of a rash1 presumptuous judgment which soars beyond your strength1 of obstinacy1 and of desire of innovation2 yet it merely smiles good-naturedly at these1 your errors4 ,all this1 it thinks1 is based simply on your lack of knowledge of the world1 that is1 of universal human corruption1 since it has eyes for nothing else on earth4 ,you are now supposed to have courage only because you hope to find help-mates like-minded with yourselves and because you do not know the grim and stubborn resistance which will be opposed to your projects of improvement4 ,when the youthful fire of your imagination shall once have vanished1 when you shall have perceived the universal selfishness1 idleness1 and horror of work1 when you yourselves shall once rightly have tasted the sweetness of plodding on in the customary rut--then the desire to be better and wiser than all others will soon fade away4 ,they do not by any chance entertain these good expectations of you in imagination alone2 they have found them confirmed in their own persons4 ,they must confess that in the days of their foolish youth they dreamed of improving the world1 exactly as you dream today2 yet with increasing maturity they have become tame and quiet as you see them now4 ,i believe them2 in my own experience1 which has not been very protracted1 ,i have seen that young men who at first roused different hopes nevertheless1 later1 exactly fulfilled the kind expectations of mature age4 ,do this no longer1 young men1 for how else could a better generation ever begin8 ,the bloom of youth will indeed fall from you1 and the flame of imagination will cease to be nourished from itself2 but feed this flame and brighten it through clear thought1 make this way of thinking your own1 and as an additional gift you will gain character1 the fairest adornment of man4 ,through this clear thinking you will preserve the fountain of eternal youth2 however your bodies grow old or your knees become feeble1 your spirit will be reborn in freshness ever renewed1 and your character will stand firm and unchangeable4 ,seize at once the opportunity here offered you2 reflect clearly upon the theme presented for your deliberation2 and the clarity which has dawned for you in one point will gradually spread over all others as well4 ,these addresses adjure you1 old men6 ,you are regarded as you have just heard1 and you are told so to your faces2 and for his own past the speaker frankly adds that--excluding the exceptions which1 it must be admitted1 not infrequently occur1 and which are all the more admirable--the world is perfectly right with regard to the great majority among you4 ,go through the history of the last two or three decades2 everything except yourselves agrees--and even you yourselves agree1 each one in the specialty that does not immediately concern him--that 7always excluding the exceptions1 and regarding only the majority7 the greatest uselessness and selfishness are found in advanced years in all branches1 in science as well as in practical occupations4 ,the whole world has witnessed that every one who desired the better and the more perfect still had to wage the bitterest battle with you in addition to the battle with his own uncertainty and with his other surroundings2 that you were firmly resolved that nothing must thrive which you had not done and known in the same way2 that you regarded every impulse of thought as an insult to your intelligence2 and that you left no power unutilized to conquer in this battle against improvement--and in fact you generally did prevail4 ,thus you were the impeding power against all the improvements which kindly nature offered us from her ever--youthful womb until you were gathered to the dust which you were before1 and until the succeeding generations1 which were at war with you1 had become like unto you and had adopted your attitude4 ,now1 also1 you need only conduct yourselves as you have previously acted in case of all propositions for amelioration2 you need only again prefer to the general weal your empty honor in order that there may be nothing between heaven and earth that you have not already fathomed2 then1 through this last battle1 you are relieved from all further battle2 no improvement will accrue1 but deterioration will follow in the footsteps of deterioration1 and thus there will be much satisfaction in reserve for you4 ,no one will suppose that ,i despise and depreciate old age as old age4 ,if only the source of primitive life and of its continuance is absorbed into life through freedom1 then clarity--and strength with it--increases so long as life endures4 ,such a life is easier to live2 the dross of earthly origin falls away more and ever more2 it is ennobled to the life eternal and strives toward it4 ,the experience of such an old age is irreconcilable with evil1 and it only makes the means clearer and the skill more adroit victoriously to battle against wickedness4 ,deterioration through increasing age is simply the fault of our time1 and it necessarily results in every place where society is much corrupted4 ,it is not nature which corrupts us--she produces us in innocence2 it is society4 ,he who has once surrendered to the influence of society must naturally become ever worse and worse the longer he is exposed to this influence4 ,it would be worth the trouble to investigate the history of other extremely corrupt generations in this regard1 and to see whether--for example1 under the rule of the ,roman emperors--what was once bad did not continually become worse with increasing age4 ,first of all1 therefore1 these addresses adjure you1 old men and experienced--you who form the exception6 ,confirm1 strengthen1 counsel in this matter the younger generation1 which reverently looks up to you4 ,and the rest of you also1 who are average souls1 they adjure6 ,if you are not to help1 at least do not interfere1 this time2 do not again--as always hitherto--put yourselves in the way with your wisdom and with your thousand hesitations4 ,this thing1 like every rational thing in the world1 is not complicated1 but simple2 and it also belongs among the thousand matters which you know not4 ,if your wisdom could save1 it would surely have saved us before2 for it is you who have counseled us thus far4 ,now1 like everything else1 all this is forgiven you1 and you should no longer be reproached with it4 ,only learn at last once to know yourselves1 and be silent4 ,these addresses adjure you men of affairs6 ,with few exceptions you have thus far been cordially hostile to abstract thought and to all learning which desired to be something for itself1 even though you demeaned yourselves as if you merely haughtily despised all this4 ,as far as you possibly could1 you held from you the men who did such things as well as their propositions2 the reproach of lunacy1 or the advice that they be sent to the mad-house1 was the thanks from you on which they might usually count4 ,they1 in their turn1 did not venture to express themselves regarding you with the same frankness1 since they were dependent upon you2 but their innermost thought was this1 that1 with a few exceptions1 you were shallow babblers and inflated braggarts1 dilettante who have only passed through school1 blind gropers and creepers in the old rut who had neither wish nor ability for aught else4 ,give them the lie through your deeds1 and to this end grasp the opportunity now offered you2 lay aside that contempt for profound thought and learning2 let yourselves be advised and hear and learn what you do not know1 or else your accusers win their case4 ,these addresses adjure you1 thinkers1 scholars1 and authors who are still worthy of this name6 ,in a certain sense that reproach of the men of affairs was not unjust4 ,you often proceeded too unconcerned in the realm of abstract thought1 without troubling yourselves about the actual world and without considering how the one might be connected with the other2 you circumscribed your own world for yourselves1 and let the real world lie to one side1 disdained and despised4 ,every regulation and every formation of actual life must1 it is true1 proceed from the higher regulating concept1 and progress in the customary rut is insufficient for it2 this is an eternal truth1 and1 in ,god's name1 it crushes with undisguised contempt every one who is so bold as to busy himself with affairs without knowing this4 ,yet between the concept and the introduction of it into any individual life there is a great gulf fixed4 ,the filling of this gulf is the task both of the men of affairs--who1 however1 must already first have learned enough to understand you--and also of yourselves1 who should not forget life on account of the world of thought4 ,here you both meet4 ,instead of regarding each other askance and depreciating each other across the gulf1 endeavor rather to fill it1 each on his own side1 and thus seek to construct the road to union4 ,at last1 ,i beg you1 realize that you both are as mutually necessary to each other as head and arm are indispensable the one to the other4 ,in other respects as well1 these addresses adjure you1 thinkers1 scholars1 and authors who are still worthy of this name6 ,your laments over the general shallowness1 thoughtlessness1 and superficiality1 over self-conceit and inexhaustible babble1 over the contempt for seriousness and profundity in all classes1 may be true1 even as they actually are4 ,yet what class is it1 pray1 that has educated all these classes1 that has transformed everything pertaining to science into a jest for them1 and that has trained them from their earliest youth in that self-conceit and that babble8 ,who is it1 pray1 who still continues to educate the generations that have outgrown the schools8 ,the most obvious source of the torpor of the age is that it has read itself torpid in the writings which you have written4 ,why are you1 nevertheless1 so continually solicitous to amuse this idle people1 despite the fact that you know that they have learned nothing and wish to learn nothing8 ,why do you call them the ,public1 flatter them as your judge1 stir them up against your rivals1 and seek by every means to win this blind and confused mob over to your side8 ,finally1 in your literary reviews and in your magazines1 why do you yourselves furnish them with material and example for rash judgments by yourselves judging as unconnectedly1 as carelessly1 as recklessly1 and1 for the most part1 as tastelessly as even the least of your readers could8 ,if you do not all think thus1 and if among you there are still some animated by better sentiments1 why1 then1 do not these latter unite to put an end to the evil8 ,as to those men of affairs1 in particular they have passed through your schools--you say so yourselves4 ,why1 then1 did you not at least make use of this transit of theirs to inspire in them some silent respect for learning1 and especially to break betimes the self-conceit of the young aristocrat and to show him that birth and station are of no assistance in the realm of thought8 ,if1 perchance1 even at that time you flattered him and exalted him unduly1 now endure that for which you yourselves are responsible4 ,these addresses desire to excuse you on the supposition that you had not grasped the importance of your occupation2 they adjure you that1 from this hour1 you make yourselves acquainted with this importance1 and that you no longer ply your occupation as a mere trade4 ,learn to respect yourselves1 and by your actions show that you do so1 and the world will respect you4 ,you will give the first proof of this through the amount of influence which you assume in regard to the resolution that is proposed1 and through the manner in which you conduct yourselves regarding it4 ,these addresses adjure you1 princes of ,germany6 ,those who act toward you as though no man dared say aught to you1 or had aught to say1 are despicable flatterers1 are base slanderers of you yourselves4 ,drive them far from you6 ,the truth is that you were born exactly as ignorant as all the rest of us1 and that1 exactly like ourselves1 you must hear and learn if you are to escape from this natural ignorance4 ,your share in bringing about the fate which has befallen you simultaneously with your peoples is here set forth in the mildest way and1 as we believe1 in the way which is alone right and just2 and in case you wish to hear only flattery1 and never the truth1 you cannot complain regarding these addresses4 ,let all this be forgotten1 even as all the rest of us also desire that our share in the guilt may be forgotten4 ,now begins a new life as well for yourselves as for all of us4 ,may this voice penetrate to you through all the surroundings which normally make you inaccessible6 ,with proud self-reliance it dares to say to you3 ,you rule nations1 faithful1 plastic1 and worthy of good fortune1 such as princes of no time and of no nation have ruled4 ,they have a feeling for freedom and are capable of it2 but1 because you so willed1 they have followed you into sanguinary war against that which to them seemed freedom4 ,some among you have later willed otherwise1 and1 again because you so willed1 they have followed you into that which to them must seem a war of annihilation against one of the last remnants of ,german independence4 ,since that time they have endured and have borne the oppressive burden of common woes2 yet they do not cease to be faithful to you1 to cling to you with inward devotion1 and to love you as their divinely appointed guardians4 ,yet may you notice them1 unobserved by them2 set free from surroundings which do not invariably present to you the fairest aspect of humanity1 may you be able to descend into the house of the citizen1 into the peasant's cottage1 and may you be able attentively to follow the still and hidden life of these classes1 in which the fidelity and the probity which have become more rare in the higher classes seem to have sought refuge6 ,surely1 oh1 surely1 you will resolve to reflect more seriously than ever how they may be helped6 ,these addresses have proposed to you a means of assistance which they believe to be sure1 thorough1 and decisive4 ,let your councillors deliberate whether they also find it so or whether they know a better means1 provided only that it be equally decisive4 ,but the conviction that something must be done and must be done immediately1 that this something must be radical and final1 and that the time for half-measures and procrastination is past--this conviction these addresses would fain produce1 if they could1 in you personally1 as they still cherish the utmost confidence in your integrity4 ,these addresses adjure you1 ,germans as a whole1 whatever position you may take in society1 that each one among you who can think1 think first of all upon the theme that has been suggested1 and that each one do for it exactly what in his own place lies nearest to him4 ,your forefathers unite with these addresses and adjure you4 ,imagine that in my voice are mingled the voices of your ancestors from dim antiquity1 who with their bodies opposed the on-rushing dominion of the world-power of ,rome1 who with their blood won the independence of the mountains1 plains1 and streams which1 under your governance1 have become the booty of the stranger4 ,they call to you3 ,represent us2 transmit to posterity our memory honorable and blameless as it came to you1 and as you have boasted of it and of descent from us4 ,thus far our resistance has been held to be noble and great and wise2 we seemed to be initiated into the secrets of the divine plan of the universe4 ,if our race terminates with you1 our honor is turned to shame and our wisdom to folly4 ,for if the ,german stock was some time to be merged into that of ,rome1 it was better that this had been into the old ,rome than into a new4 ,we faced the former and conquered it2 before the latter you have been scattered like the dust4 ,now1 however1 since affairs are as they are1 you are not to conquer them with physical weapons2 only your spirit is to rise and stand upright over against them4 ,to you has been vouchsafed the greater destiny of establishing generally the empire of the spirit and of reason1 and of wholly annihilating rude physical power as that which dominates the world4 ,if you shall do this1 then are you worthy of descent from us4 ,in these voices also mingle the spirits of your later ancestors1 of those who fell in the holy struggle for freedom of religion and of faith4 ,save our honor1 likewise1 they cry to you4 ,it was not wholly clear to us for what we fought4 ,besides the legitimate resolve not to allow ourselves to be dominated in matters of conscience by a foreign power1 we were also impelled by a higher spirit who never revealed himself entirely unto us4 ,to you this spirit is revealed1 if you have the power to look into the spirit world1 and he gazes upon you with clear and lofty eyes4 ,the motley and confused intermingling of sensuous and of spiritual impulses is wholly to be deposed from its world-dominion2 and spirit alone1 absolute1 and stripped of all sensuous impulses1 is to take the helm of human affairs4 ,our blood was shed that this spirit might have freedom to develop and to grow to an independent existence4 ,upon you it depends to give to this sacrifice its signification and its justification by installing this spirit into the world-dominion destined for him4 ,if this is not the final goal toward which all the development of our nation has thus far aimed1 our struggles1 too1 become a passing1 empty farce1 and the freedom of spirit and of conscience that we won is an empty word1 if henceforth there is to be no longer any spirit or any conscience whatsoever4 ,your descendants1 still unborn1 adjure you4 ,you boast of your forefathers1 they cry to you1 and proudly you connect yourselves with a noble lineage4 ,take care that the chain may not be broken in you2 so do that we also may boast of you1 and that through you1 as through a faultless link1 we may connect ourselves with the same glorious lineage4 ,cause us not to be compelled to be ashamed of our descent from you as a descent that is low1 barbarous1 and slavish1 so that we must conceal our ancestry or must feign an alien name and an alien lineage1 lest we be immediately rejected or trodden under foot without further test4 ,on the next generation that will proceed from you1 will depend your fame in history3 honorable1 if this honorably witnesses for you2 but ignominious1 even beyond desert1 if you have no offspring to speak for you1 and if it is left to the victor to write your history4 ,never yet has a victor had sufficient inclination or sufficient knowledge rightly to judge the conquered4 ,the more he abases them1 the more justified does he appear4 ,who can know what mighty deeds1 what magnificent institutions1 and what noble customs of many a people of antiquity have been forgotten because their posterity was subjugated1 and because1 ungainsaid1 the conqueror made his report upon them in accordance with his interests8 ,even foreign lands adjure you so far as they still understand themselves in the very least1 and still have an eye for their true advantage4 ,indeed1 there are spirits among all peoples who still cannot believe that the great promises made to the human race of a reign of justice1 of reason1 and of truth can be a vain and an empty phantom1 and who assume1 therefore1 that the present iron age is but a transit to a better state4 ,they--and all modern humanity in them--count on you4 ,a great part of this humanity is descended from us2 the rest have received from us religion and culture4 ,the former adjure us by the soil of our common fatherland1 which is also their cradle1 and which they have bequeathed free to us2 the latter adjure us by the culture which they have acquired from us as a pledge of a higher happiness--they adjure us to maintain ourselves as we have ever been1 for their sake2 and not to suffer this member1 which is of so much importance1 to be torn from the continuity of the race that is newly budded1 lest they may painfully miss us if they some time need our counsel1 our example1 our cooperation toward the true goal of earthly life4 ,all generations1 all the wise and good who have ever breathed upon this earth1 all their thoughts and aspirations for something higher mingle in these voices and surround you and lift to you imploring hands4 ,even ,providence1 if we may so say1 and the divine plan of the universe in the creation of a human race--a plan which1 indeed1 exists only to be thought out by man and to be realized by man--adjures you to save its honor and its existence4 ,whether those are justified who have believed that mankind must always grow better1 and that the conception of a certain order and dignity among them is no empty dream1 but the prophecy and the pledge of an ultimate actuality1 or whether those are to prevail who slumber on in their animal and vegetative life1 and who mock every flight to higher worlds-upon these alternatives it is left to you to pass a final and decisive judgment4 ,the ancient world with its magnificence and with its grandeur1 and also with its faults1 has sunk through its own unworthiness and through your fathers' prowess4 ,if there is truth in what has been presented in these addresses1 then1 among all modern peoples1 it is you in whom the germ of the perfecting of humanity most decidedly lies1 and on whom progress in the development of this humanity is enjoined4 ,if you perish as a nation1 all the hope of the entire human race for rescue from the depths of its woe perishes together with you4 ,do not hope and console yourselves with the imaginary idea1 counting on mere repetition of events that have already happened1 that once more1 after the fall of the old civilization1 a new one1 proceeding from a half-barbarous nation1 will arise upon the ruins of the first4 ,in antiquity such a nation1 equipped with all the requisites for this destiny1 was at hand1 and was very well known to the nation of culture1 and was described by them2 had they been able to imagine their destruction1 they themselves might have found in that half-barbarous nation the means of their restoration4 ,to us1 also1 the entire surface of the earth is very well known1 and all the peoples that live upon it4 ,do we1 then1 now know any such people1 like to the aborigines of the ,new ,world1 of whom similar expectations may be entertained8 ,i believe that every one who has not merely a fanatical opinion and hope1 but who thinks after profound investigation1 will be compelled to answer this question in the negative4 ,there is1 therefore1 no escape2 if you sink1 all humanity sinks with you1 devoid of hope of restoration at any future time4 ,this it was1 gentlemen1 that at the close of these addresses ,i felt compelled to impress upon you as representatives of the nation and1 through you1 upon the nation as a whole4 ,,friedrich ,,wilhelm ,,joseph ,,von ,,schelling 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,the ,,relation ,,of ,,the ,,plastic ,,arts ,,to ,,nature 7#ahjg7 ,a ,speech on the ,celebration of the #abth ,october1 #ahjg1 as the ,name-,day of ,his ,majesty the ,king of ,bavaria ,delivered before the ,public ,assembly of the ,royal ,academy of ,sciences of ,munich ,,translated ,,by ,j4 ,,elliot ,,cabot ,plastic ,art1 according to the most ancient expression1 is silent ,poetry4 ,the inventor of this definition no doubt meant thereby that the former1 like the latter1 is to express spiritual thoughts--conceptions whose source is the soul2 only not by speech1 but1 like silent ,nature1 by shape1 by form1 by corporeal1 independent works4 ,plastic ,art1 therefore1 evidently stands as a uniting link between the soul and ,nature1 and can be apprehended only in the living centre of both4 ,indeed1 since ,plastic ,art has its relation to the soul in common with every other art1 and particularly with ,poetry1 that by which it is connected with ,nature1 and1 like ,nature1 a productive force1 remains as its sole peculiarity2 so that to this alone can a theory relate which shall be satisfactory to the understanding1 and helpful and profitable to ,art itself4 ,we hope1 therefore1 in considering ,plastic ,art in relation to its true prototype and original source1 ,nature1 to be able to contribute something new to its theory--to give some additional exactness or clearness to the conceptions of it2 but1 above all1 to set forth the coherence of the whole structure of ,art in the light of a higher necessity4 ,illustration3 ,,friedrich ,,wilhelm ,,joseph ,,von ,,schelling ,carl ,begas ,but has not ,science always recognized this relation8 ,has not indeed every theory of modern times taken its departure from this very position1 that ,art should be the imitator of ,nature8 ,such has indeed been the case4 ,but what should this broad general proposition profit the artist1 when the notion of ,nature is of such various interpretation1 and when there are almost as many differing views of it as there are various modes of life8 ,thus1 to one1 ,nature is nothing more than the lifeless aggregate of an indeterminable crowd of objects1 or the space in which1 as in a vessel1 he imagines things placed2 to another1 only the soil from which he draws his nourishment and support2 to the inspired seeker alone1 the holy1 ever-creative original energy of the world1 which generates and busily evolves all things out of itself4 ,the proposition would indeed have a high significance1 if it taught ,art to emulate this creative force2 but the sense in which it was meant can scarcely be doubtful to one acquainted with the universal condition of ,science at the time when it was first brought forward4 ,singular enough that the very persons who denied all life to ,nature should set it up for imitation in ,art6 ,to them might be applied the words of a profound writer3#e ,your lying philosophy has put ,nature out of the way2 and why do you call upon us to imitate her8 ,is it that you may renew the pleasure by perpetrating the same violence on the disciples of ,nature8 ,nature was to them not merely a dumb1 but an altogether lifeless image1 in whose inmost being even no living word dwelt2 a hollow scaffolding of forms1 of which as hollow an image was to be transferred to the canvas1 or hewn out of stone4 ,this was the proper doctrine of those more ancient and savage nations1 who1 as they saw in ,nature nothing divine1 fetched idols out of her2 whilst1 to the susceptive ,greeks1 who everywhere felt the presence of a vitally efficient principle1 genuine gods arose out of ,nature4 ,but is1 then1 the disciple of ,nature to copy everything in ,nature without distinction8--and1 of everything1 every part8 ,only beautiful objects should be represented2 and1 even in these1 only the ,beautiful and ,perfect4 ,thus is the proposition further determined1 but1 at the same time1 this asserted1 that1 in ,nature1 the perfect is mingled with the imperfect1 the beautiful with the unbeautiful4 ,now1 how should he who stands in no other relation to ,nature than that of servile imitation1 distinguish the one from the other8 ,it is the way of imitators to appropriate the faults of their model sooner and easier than its excellences1 since the former offer handles and tokens more easily grasped2 and thus we see that imitators of ,nature in this sense have imitated oftener1 and even more affectionately1 the ugly than the beautiful4 ,if we regard in things1 not their principle1 but the empty abstract form1 neither will they say anything to our soul2 our own heart1 our own spirit we must put to it1 that they answer us4 ,but what is the perfection of a thing8 ,nothing else than the creative life in it1 its power to exist4 ,never1 therefore1 will he1 who fancies that ,nature is altogether dead1 be successful in that profound process 7analogous to the chemical7 whence proceeds1 purified as by fire1 the pure gold of ,beauty and ,truth4 ,nor was there any change in the main view of the relation of ,art to ,nature1 even when the unsatisfactoriness of the principle began to be more generally felt2 no change1 even by the new views and new knowledge so nobly established by ,john ,winckelmann4 ,he indeed restored to the soul its full efficiency in ,art1 and raised it from its unworthy dependence into the realm of spiritual freedom4 ,powerfully moved by the beauty of form in the works of antiquity1 he taught that the production of ideal ,nature1 of ,nature elevated above the ,actual1 together with the expression of spiritual conceptions1 is the highest aim of ,art4 ,but if we examine in what sense this surpassing of the ,actual by ,art has been understood by the most1 it turns out that1 with this view also1 the notion of ,nature as mere product1 of things as a lifeless result1 still continued2 and the idea of a living creative ,nature was in no wise awakened by it4 ,thus these ideal forms also could be animated by no positive insight into their nature2 and if the forms of the ,actual were dead for the dead beholder1 these were not less so4 ,were no independent production of the ,actual possible1 neither would there be of the ,ideal4 ,the object of the imitation was changed2 the imitation remained4 ,in the place of ,nature were substituted the sublime works of ,antiquity1 whose outward forms the pupils busied themselves in imitating1 but without the spirit that fills them4 ,these forms1 however1 are as unapproachable1 nay1 more so1 than the works of ,nature1 and leave us yet colder if we bring not to them the spiritual eye to penetrate through the veil and feel the stirring energy within4 ,on the other hand1 artists1 since that time1 have indeed received a certain ideal impetus1 and notions of a beauty superior to matter2 but these notions were like fair words1 to which the deeds do not correspond4 ,while the previous method in ,art produced bodies without soul1 this view taught only the secret of the soul1 but not that of the body4 ,the theory had1 as usual1 passed with one hasty stride to the opposite extreme2 but the vital mean it had not yet found4 ,who can say that ,winckelmann had not penetrated into the highest beauty8 ,but with him it appeared in its dissevered elements only3 on the one side as beauty in idea1 and flowing out from the soul2 on the other1 as beauty of forms4 ,but what is the efficient link that connects the two8 ,or by what power is the soul created together with the body1 at once and as if with one breath8 ,if this lies not within the power of ,art1 as of ,nature1 then it can create nothing whatever4 ,this vital connecting link1 ,winckelmann did not determine2 he did not teach how1 from the idea1 forms can be produced4 ,thus ,art went over to that method which we would call the retrograde1 since it strives from the form to come at the essence4 ,but not thus is the ,unlimited reached2 it is not attainable by mere enhancement of the ,limited4 ,hence1 such works as have had their beginning in form1 with all elaborateness on that side1 show1 in token of their origin1 an incurable want at the very point where we expect the consummate1 the essential1 the final4 ,the miracle by which the ,limited should be raised to the ,unlimited1 the human become divine1 is wanting2 the magic circle is drawn1 but the spirit that it should inclose1 appears not1 being disobedient to the call of him who thought a creation possible through mere form4 99 99 99 99 99 ,nature meets us everywhere1 at first with reserve1 and in form more or less severe4 ,she is like that quiet and serious beauty1 that excites not attention by noisy advertisement1 nor attracts the vulgar gaze4 ,how can we1 as it were1 spiritually melt this apparently rigid form1 so that the pure energy of things may flow together with the force of our spirit and both become one united mold8 ,we must transcend ,form1 in order to gain it again as intelligible1 living1 and truly felt4 ,consider the most beautiful forms2 what remains behind after you have abstracted from them the creative principle within8 ,nothing but mere unessential qualities1 such as extension and the relations of space4 ,does the fact that one portion of matter exists near another1 and distinct from it1 contribute anything to its inner essence8 or does it not rather contribute nothing8 ,evidently the latter4 ,it is not mere contiguous existence1 but the manner of it1 that makes form2 and this can be determined only by a positive force1 which is even opposed to separateness1 and subordinates the manifoldness of the parts to the unity of one idea--from the force that works in the crystal to the force which1 comparable to a gentle magnetic current1 gives to the particles of matter in the human form that position and arrangement among themselves1 through which the idea1 the essential unity and beauty1 can become visible4 ,not only1 however1 as active principle1 but as spirit and effective science1 must the essence appear to us in the form1 in order that we may truly apprehend it4 ,for all unity must be spiritual in nature and origin2 and what is the aim of all investigation of ,nature but to find science therein8 ,for that wherein there is no ,understanding cannot be the object of ,understanding2 the ,unknowing cannot be known4 ,the science by which ,nature works is not1 however1 like human science1 connected with reflection upon itself2 in it1 the conception is not separate from the act1 nor the design from the execution4 ,therefore1 rude matter strives1 as it were1 blindly1 after regular shape1 and unknowingly assumes pure stereometric forms1 which belong1 nevertheless1 to the realm of ideas1 and are something spiritual in the material4 ,the sublimest arithmetic and geometry are innate in the stars1 and unconsciously displayed by them in their motions4 ,more distinctly1 but still beyond their grasp1 the living cognition appears in animals2 and thus we see them1 though wandering about without reflection1 bring about innumerable results far more excellent than themselves3 the bird that1 intoxicated with music1 transcends itself in soul-like tones2 the little artistic creature1 that1 without practise or instruction1 accomplishes light works of architecture2 but all directed by an overpowering spirit1 that lightens in them already with single flashes of knowledge1 but as yet appears nowhere as the full sun1 as in ,man4 ,this formative science in ,nature and ,art is the link that connects idea and form1 body and soul4 ,before everything stands an eternal idea1 formed in the ,infinite ,understanding2 but by what means does this idea pass into actuality and embodiment8 ,only through the creative science that is as necessarily connected with the ,infinite ,understanding1 as in the artist the principle that seizes the idea of unsensuous ,beauty is linked with that which sets it forth to the senses4 ,if that artist be called happy and praiseworthy before all to whom the gods have granted this creative spirit1 then that work of art will appear excellent which shows to us1 as in outline1 this unadulterated energy of creation and activity of ,nature4 ,it was long ago perceived that1 in ,art1 not everything is performed with consciousness2 that1 with the conscious activity1 an unconscious action must combine2 and that it is of the perfect unity and mutual interpenetration of the two that the highest in ,art is born4 ,works that want this seal of unconscious science are recognized by the evident absence of life self-supported and independent of the producer2 as1 on the contrary1 where this acts1 ,art imparts to its work1 together with the utmost clearness to the understanding1 that unfathomable reality wherein it resembles a work of ,nature4 ,it has often been attempted to make clear the position of the artist in regard to ,nature1 by saying that ,art1 in order to be such1 must first withdraw itself from ,nature1 and return to it only in the final perfection4 ,the true sense of this saying1 it seems to us1 can be no other than this--that in all things in ,nature1 the living idea shows itself only blindly active2 were it so also in the artist1 he would be in nothing distinct from ,nature4 ,but1 should he attempt consciously to subordinate himself altogether to the ,actual1 and render with servile fidelity the already existing1 he would produce larvae1 but no works of ,art4 ,he must therefore withdraw himself from the product1 from the creature1 but only in order to raise himself to the creative energy1 spiritually seizing the same4 ,thus he ascends into the realm of pure ideas2 he forsakes the creature1 to regain it with thousandfold interest1 and in this sense certainly to return to ,nature4 ,this spirit of ,nature working at the core of things1 and speaking through form and shape as by symbols only1 the artist must certainly follow with emulation2 and only so far as he seizes this with genial imitation has he himself produced anything genuine4 ,for works produced by aggregation1 even of forms beautiful in themselves1 would still be destitute of all beauty1 since that1 through which the work on the whole is truly beautiful1 cannot be mere form4 ,it is above form--it is ,essence1 the ,universal1 the look and expression of the indwelling spirit of ,nature4 ,now it can scarcely be doubtful what is to be thought of the so-called idealizing of ,nature in ,art1 so universally demanded4 ,this demand seems to arise from a way of thinking1 according to which not ,truth1 ,beauty1 ,goodness1 but the contrary of all these1 is the ,actual4 ,were the ,actual indeed opposed to ,truth and ,beauty1 it would be necessary for the artist1 not to elevate or idealize it1 but to get rid of and destroy it1 in order to create something true and beautiful4 ,but how should it be possible for anything to be actual except the ,true2 and what is ,beauty1 if not full1 complete ,being8 ,what higher aim1 therefore1 could ,art have1 than to represent that which in ,nature actually is8 ,or how should it undertake to excel so-called actual ,nature1 since it must always fall short of it8 ,for does ,art impart to its works actual1 sensuous life8 ,this statue breathes not1 is stirred by no pulsation1 warmed by no blood4 ,but both the pretended excelling and the apparent falling short show themselves as the consequences of one and the same principle1 as soon as we place the aim of ,art in the exhibiting of that which truly is4 ,only on the surface have its works the appearance of life2 in ,nature1 life seems to reach deeper1 and to be wedded entirely with matter4 ,but does not the continual mutation of matter and the universal lot of final dissolution teach us the unessential character of this union1 and that it is no intimate fusion8 ,art1 accordingly1 in the merely superficial animation of its works1 but represents ,nothingness as non-existing4 ,how comes it that1 to every tolerably cultivated taste1 imitations of the so-called ,actual1 even though carried to deception1 appear in the last degree untrue--nay1 produce the impression of spectres2 whilst a work in which the idea is predominant strikes us with the full force of truth1 conveying us then only to the genuinely actual world8 ,whence comes it1 if not from the more or less obscure feeling which tells us that the idea alone is the living principle in things1 but all else unessential and vain shadow8 ,on the same ground may be explained all the opposite cases which are brought up as instances of the surpassing of ,nature by ,art4 ,in arresting the rapid course of human years2 in uniting the energy of developed manhood with the soft charm of early youth2 or exhibiting a mother of grown-up sons and daughters in the full possession of vigorous beauty--what does ,art except to annul what is unessential1 ,time8 ,if1 according to the remark of a discerning critic1 every growth in ,nature has but an instant of truly complete beauty1 we may also say that it has1 too1 only an instant of full existence4 ,in this instant it is what it is in all eternity2 besides this1 it has only a coming into and a passing out of existence4 ,art1 in representing the thing at that instant1 removes it out of ,time1 and sets it forth in its pure ,being1 in the eternity of its life4 ,after everything positive and essential had once been abstracted from ,form1 it necessarily appeared restrictive1 and1 as it were1 hostile1 to the ,essence2 and the same theory that had reproduced the false and powerless ,ideal1 necessarily tended to the formless in ,art4 ,form would indeed be a limitation of the ,essence if it existed independent of it4 ,but if it exists with and by means of the ,essence1 how could this feel itself limited by that which it has itself created8 ,violence would indeed be done it by a form forced upon it1 but never by one proceeding from itself4 ,in this1 on the contrary1 it must rest contented1 and feel its own existence to be perfect and complete4 ,determinateness of form is in ,nature never a negation1 but ever an affirmation4 ,commonly1 indeed1 the shape of a body seems a confinement2 but could we behold the creative energy it would reveal itself as the measure that this energy imposes upon itself1 and in which it shows itself a truly intelligent force2 for in everything is the power of self-rule allowed to be an excellence1 and one of the highest4 ,in like manner most persons consider the particular in a negative manner--i4e41 as that which is not the whole or all4 ,yet no particular exists by means of its limitation1 but through the indwelling force with which it maintains itself as a particular ,whole1 in distinction from the ,universe4 ,this force of particularity1 and thus also of individuality1 showing itself as vital character1 the negative conception of it is necessarily followed by an unsatisfying and false view of the characteristic in ,art4 ,lifeless and of intolerable hardness would be the ,art that should aim to exhibit the empty shell or limitation of the ,individual4 ,certainly we desire to see not merely the individual1 but1 more than this1 its vital ,idea4 ,but if the artist has seized the inward creative spirit and essence of the ,idea1 and sets this forth1 he makes the individual a world in itself1 a class1 an eternal prototype2 and he who has grasped the essential character needs not to fear hardness and severity1 for these are the conditions of life4 ,nature1 that in her completeness appears as the utmost benignity1 we see1 in each particular1 aiming even primarily and principally at severity1 seclusion and reserve4 ,as the whole creation is the work of the utmost externization and renunciation ,entusserung1 so the artist must first deny himself and descend into the ,particular1 without shunning isolation1 nor the pain1 the anguish of ,form4 ,nature1 from her first works1 is throughout characteristic2 the energy of fire1 the splendor of light1 she shuts up in hard stone1 the tender soul of melody in severe metal2 even on the threshold of ,life1 and already meditating organic shape1 she sinks back overpowered by the might of ,form1 into petrifaction4 ,the life of the plant consists in still receptivity1 but in what exact and severe outline is this passive life inclosed6 ,in the animal kingdom the strife between ,life and ,form seems first properly to begin2 her first works ,nature hides in hard shells1 and1 where these are laid aside1 the animated world attaches itself again through its constructive impulse to the realm of crystallization4 ,finally she comes forward more boldly and freely1 and vital1 important characteristics show themselves1 being the same through whole classes4 ,art1 however1 cannot begin so far down as ,nature4 ,though ,beauty is spread everywhere1 yet there are various grades in the appearance and unfolding of the ,essence1 and thus of ,beauty4 ,but ,art demands a certain fulness1 and desires not to strike a single note or tone1 nor even a detached accord1 but at once the full symphony of ,beauty4 ,art1 therefore1 prefers to grasp immediately at the highest and most developed1 the human form4 ,for since it is not given it to embrace the immeasurable whole1 and as in all other creatures only single fulgurations1 in ,man alone full entire ,being appears without abatement1 ,art is not only permitted but required to see the sum of ,nature in ,man alone4 ,but precisely on this account--that she here assembles all in one point--,nature repeats her whole multiformity1 and pursues again in a narrower compass the same course that she had gone through in her wide circuit4 ,here1 therefore1 arises the demand upon the artist first to be true and faithful in detail1 in order to come forth complete and beautiful in the whole4 ,here he must wrestle with the creative spirit of ,nature 7which in the human world also deals out character and stamp in endless variety71 not in weak and effeminate1 but stout and courageous conflict4 ,persevering exercise in the study of that by virtue of which the characteristic in things is a positive principle1 must preserve him from emptiness1 weakness1 inward inanity1 before he can venture to aim1 by ever higher combination and final melting together of manifold forms1 to reach the extremest beauty in works uniting the highest simplicity with infinite meaning4 ,only through the perfection of form can ,form be made to disappear2 and this is certainly the final aim of ,art in the ,characteristic4 ,but as the apparent harmony that is even more easily reached by the empty and frivolous than by others1 is yet inwardly vain2 so in ,art the quickly attained harmony of the exterior1 without inward fulness4 ,and if it is the part of theory and instruction to oppose the spiritless copying of beautiful forms1 especially must they oppose the tendency toward an effeminate characterless ,art1 which gives itself1 indeed1 higher names1 but therewith only seeks to hide its incapacity to fulfil the fundamental conditions4 ,that lofty ,beauty in which the fulness of form causes ,form itself to disappear1 was adopted by the modern theory of ,art1 after ,winckelmann1 not only as the highest1 but as the only standard4 ,but as the deep foundation upon which it rests was overlooked1 it resulted that a negative conception was formed even of that which is the sum of all affirmation4 ,winckelmann compares ,beauty with water drawn from the bosom of the spring1 which1 the less taste it has1 the wholesomer it is esteemed4 ,it is true that the highest ,beauty is characterless1 but so we say of the ,universe that it has no determinate dimension1 neither length1 breadth nor depth1 since it has all in equal infinity2 or that the ,art of creative ,nature is formless1 because she herself is subjected to no form4 ,in this and in no other sense can we say that ,grecian art in its highest development rises into the characterless2 but it did not aim immediately at this4 ,it was from the bonds of ,nature that it struggled upward to divine freedom4 ,from no lightly scattered seed1 but only from a deeply infolded kernel1 could this heroic growth spring up4 ,only mighty emotions1 only a deep stirring of the fancy through the impression of all-enlivening1 all-commanding energies of ,nature1 could stamp upon ,art that invincible vigor with which from the rigid1 secluded earnestness of earlier productions up to the period of works overflowing with sensuous grace1 it ever remained faithful to truth1 and produced the highest spiritual ,reality which it is given to mortals to behold4 ,in like manner1 as their ,tragedy commences with the grandest characteristicness in morals1 so the beginning of their ,plastic ,art was the earnestness of ,nature1 and the stern goddess of ,athens its first and only ,muse4 ,this epoch is marked by that style which ,winckelmann describes as the still harsh and severe1 from which the next or lofty style was able to develop itself by the mere enhancement of the ,characteristic into the ,sublime and the ,simple4 ,for in the statues of the most perfect or divine natures not only all the complexity of form of which human nature is capable had to be united1 but moreover the union must be such as may be conceived to exist in the system of the ,universe itself--the lower forms1 or those relating to inferior attributes1 being comprehended under higher1 and all at last under one supreme form1 in which they indeed extinguish one another as separately existing1 but still continue in ,essence and efficiency4 ,thus1 though we cannot call this high and self-sufficing ,beauty characteristic1 so far as herewith is connected the notion of limitation or conditionality in the manifestation1 yet still the characteristic continues efficient1 though indistinguishable1 within2 as in the crystal1 although transparent1 the texture nevertheless remains2 each characteristic element has its weight1 however slight1 and helps to bring about the sublime equipoise of ,beauty4 ,the outer side or basis of all ,beauty is beauty of form4 ,but as ,form cannot exist without ,essence1 wherever ,form is1 there also is ,character1 whether in visible presence or only perceptible in its effects4 ,characteristic ,beauty1 therefore1 is ,beauty in the root1 from which alone ,beauty can arise as the fruit4 ,essence may1 indeed1 outgrow ,form1 but even then the ,characteristic remains as the still efficient groundwork of the ,beautiful4 ,that most excellent critic1#f to whom the gods have given sway over ,nature as well as ,art1 compares the ,characteristic in its relation to ,beauty1 with the skeleton in its relation to the living form4 ,were we to interpret this striking simile in our sense1 we should say that the skeleton1 in ,nature1 is not1 as in our thought1 detached from the living whole2 that the firm and the yielding1 the determining and the determined1 mutually presuppose each other1 and can exist only together2 thus that the vitally ,characteristic is already the whole form1 the result of the action and reaction of bone and flesh1 of ,active and ,passive4 ,and although ,art1 like ,nature1 in its higher developments1 thrusts inward the previously visible skeleton1 yet the latter can never be opposed to ,shape and ,beauty1 since it has always a determining share in the production of the one as well as of the other4 ,but whether that high and independent ,beauty should be the only standard in ,art1 as it is the highest1 seems to depend on the degree of fulness and extent that belongs to the particular ,art4 ,nature1 in her wide circumference1 ever exhibits the higher with the lower2 creating in ,man the godlike1 she elaborates in all her other productions only its material and foundation1 which must exist in order that in contrast with it the ,essence as such may appear4 ,and even in the higher world of ,man the great mass serves again as the basis upon which the godlike that is preserved pure in the few1 manifests itself in legislation1 government1 and the establishment of ,religion4 ,so that wherever ,art works with more of the complexity of ,nature1 it may and must display1 together with the highest measure of ,beauty1 also its groundwork and raw material1 as it were1 in distinct appropriate forms4 ,here first prominently unfolds itself the difference in ,nature of the forms of ,art4 ,plastic ,art1 in the more exact sense of the term1 disdains to give ,space outwardly to the object1 but bears it within itself4 ,this1 however1 narrows its field2 it is compelled1 indeed1 to display the beauty of the ,universe almost in a single point4 ,it must therefore aim immediately at the highest1 and can attain complexity only separately and in the strictest exclusion of all conflicting elements4 ,by isolating the purely animal in human nature it succeeds in forming inferior creations too1 harmonious and even beautiful1 as we are taught by the beauty of numerous ,fauns preserved from antiquity2 yea1 it can1 parodying itself like the merry spirit of ,nature1 reverse its own ,ideal1 and1 for instance1 in the extravagance of the ,silenic figures1 by light and sportive treatment appear freed again from the pressure of matter4 ,but in all cases it is compelled strictly to isolate the work1 in order to make it self-consistent and a world in itself2 since for this form of ,art there is no higher unity1 in which the dissonance of particulars should be melted into harmony4 ,painting1 on the contrary1 in the very extent of its sphere1 can better measure itself with the ,universe1 and create with epic profusion4 ,in an ,iliad there is room even for a ,thersites2 and what does not find a place in the great epic of ,nature and ,history6 ,here the ,particular scarcely counts anything by itself2 the ,universe takes its place1 and that1 which by itself would not be beautiful1 becomes so in the harmony of the whole4 ,if in an extensive painting1 uniting forms by the allotted space1 by light1 by shade1 by reflection1 the highest measure of ,beauty were everywhere employed1 the result would be the most unnatural monotony2 for1 as ,winckelmann says1 the highest idea of ,beauty is everywhere one and the same1 and scarcely admits of variation4 ,the detail would be preferred to the whole1 where1 as in every case in which the whole is formed by multiplicity1 the detail must be subordinate to it4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,jungfrau ,from the ,painting by ,moritz von ,schwind ,in such a work1 therefore1 a gradation of ,beauty must be observed1 by which alone the full ,beauty concentrated in the focus becomes visible2 and from an exaggeration of particulars proceeds an equipoise of the whole4 ,here1 then1 the limited and characteristic finds its place2 and theory at least should direct the painter1 not so much to the narrow space in which the entire ,beauty is concentrically collected1 as to the characteristic complexity of ,nature1 through which alone he can impart to an extensive work the full measure of living significance4 ,thus thought1 among the founders of modern art1 the noble ,leonardo2 thus ,raphael1 the master of high ,beauty1 who shunned not to exhibit it in smaller measure1 rather than to appear monotonous1 lifeless1 and unreal--though he understood not only how to produce it1 but also how to break up uniformity by variety of expression4 ,for1 although ,character can show itself also in rest and equilibrium of form1 it is only in action that it becomes truly alive4 ,by character we understand a unity of several forces1 operating constantly to produce among them a certain equipoise and determinate proportion1 to which1 if undisturbed1 a like equipoise in the symmetry of the forms corresponds4 ,but if this vital ,unity is to display itself in act and operation1 this can only be when the forces1 excited by some cause to rebellion1 forsake their equilibrium4 ,every one sees that this is the case in the ,passions4 ,here we are met by the well-known maxim of the theorists1 which demands that ,passion should be moderated as far as possible1 in its actual outburst1 that beauty of ,form may not be injured4 ,but we think this maxim should rather be reversed1 and read thus--that ,passion should be moderated by ,beauty itself4 ,for it is much to be feared that this desired moderation too may be taken in a negative sense--whereas1 what is really requisite is to oppose to ,passion a positive force4 ,for as ,virtue consists1 not in the absence of passions1 but in the mastery of the spirit over them1 so ,beauty is preserved1 not by their removal or abatement1 but by the mastery of ,beauty over them4 ,the forces of ,passion must actually show themselves--it must be seen that they are prepared to rise in mutiny1 but are kept down by the power of ,character1 and break against the forms of firmly-founded ,beauty1 as the waves of a stream that just fills1 but cannot overflow its banks4 ,otherwise1 this striving after moderation would resemble only the method of those shallow moralists1 who1 the more readily to dispose of ,man1 prefer to mutilate his nature2 and who have so entirely removed every positive element from actions that the people gloat over the spectacle of great crimes1 in order to refresh themselves at last with the view of something positive4 ,in ,nature and ,art the ,essence strives first after actualization1 or exhibition of itself in the ,particular4 ,thus in each the utmost severity is manifested at the commencement2 for without bound1 the boundless could not appear2 without severity1 gentleness could not exist2 and if unity is to be perceptible1 it can only be through particularity1 detachment1 and opposition4 ,in the beginning1 therefore1 the creative spirit shows itself entirely lost in the ,form1 inaccessibly shut up1 and even in its grandeur still harsh4 ,but the more it succeeds in uniting its entire fulness in one product1 the more it gradually relaxes from its severity2 and where it has fully developed the form1 so as to rest contented and self-collected in it1 it seems to become cheerful and begins to move in gentle lines4 ,this is the period of its fairest maturity and blossom1 in which the pure vessel has arrived at perfection2 the spirit of ,nature becomes free from its bonds1 and feels its relationship to the soul4 ,by a gentle morning blush stealing over the whole form1 the coming soul announces itself2 it is not yet present1 but everything prepares for its reception by the delicate play of gentle movements2 the rigid outlines melt and temper themselves into flexibility2 a lovely essence1 neither sensuous nor spiritual1 but which cannot be grasped1 diffuses itself over the form1 and intwines itself with every outline1 every vibration of the frame4 ,this essence1 not to be seized1 as we have already remarked1 but yet perceptible to all1 is what the language of the ,greeks designated by the name ,charis1 ours as ,grace4 ,wherever1 in a fully developed form1 ,grace appears1 the work is complete on the side of ,nature2 nothing more is wanting2 all demands are satisfied4 ,here1 already1 soul and body are in complete harmony2 ,body is ,form1 ,grace is ,soul1 although not ,soul in itself1 but the ,soul of ,form1 or the ,soul of ,nature4 ,art may linger1 and remain stationary at this point2 for already1 on one side at least1 its whole task is finished4 ,the pure image of ,beauty arrested at this point is the ,goddess of ,love4 ,but the beauty of the ,soul in itself1 joined to sensuous ,grace1 is the highest apotheosis of ,nature4 ,the spirit of ,nature is only in appearance opposed to the ,soul2 essentially1 it is the instrument of its revelation2 it brings about indeed the antagonism that exists in all things1 but only that the one essence may come forth1 as the utmost benignity1 and the reconciliation of all the forces4 ,all other creatures are driven by the mere force of ,nature1 and through it maintain their individuality2 in ,man alone1 as the central point1 arises the soul1 without which the world would be like the natural universe without the sun4 ,the ,soul in ,man1 therefore1 is not the principle of individuality1 but that whereby he raises himself above all egoism1 whereby he becomes capable of self-sacrifice1 of disinterested love1 and 7which is the highest7 of the contemplation and knowledge of the ,essence of things1 and thus of ,art4 ,in him it is no longer concerned about ,matter nor has it immediate concern with it1 but with the spirit only as the life of things4 ,even while appearing in the body1 it is yet free from the body1 the consciousness of which hovers in the soul in the most beauteous shapes only as a light1 undisturbing dream4 ,it is no quality1 no faculty1 nor anything special of the sort2 it knows not1 but is ,science2 it is not good1 but ,goodness2 it is not beautiful1 as body even may be1 but ,beauty itself4 ,in the first instance1 it is true1 in a work of art1 the soul of the artist is seen as invention in the detail1 and in the total result as the unity that hovers over the work in serene stillness4 ,but the ,soul must be visible in objective representation1 as the primeval energy of thought1 in portraitures of human beings1 altogether filled by an idea1 by a noble contemplation2 or as indwelling1 essential ,goodness4 ,each of these finds its distinct expression even in the completest repose1 but a more living one where the ,soul can reveal itself in activity and antagonism2 and since it is by the passions mainly that the peace of life is interrupted1 it is the generally received opinion that the beauty of the ,soul shows itself especially in its quiet supremacy amid the storm of the passions4 ,but here an important distinction is to be made4 ,for the ,soul must not be called upon to moderate those passions which are only an outbreak of the lower spirits of ,nature1 nor can it be displayed in antithesis with these2 for where calm considerateness is still in contention with them1 the ,soul has not yet appeared2 they must be moderated by unassisted ,nature in ,man1 by the might of the ,spirit4 ,but there are cases of a higher sort1 in which not a single force alone1 but the intelligent ,spirit itself breaks down all barriers--cases1 indeed1 where even the ,soul is subjected by the bond that connects it with sensuous existence1 to pain1 which should be foreign to its divine nature2 where ,man feels himself hard fought and attacked in the root of his existence1 not by mere powers of ,nature1 but by moral forces2 where innocent error hurries him into crime1 and thus into misery2 where deep-felt injustice excites to rebellion the holiest feelings of humanity4 ,this is the case in all situations1 truly1 and1 in a high sense1 tragic1 such as the ,tragedy of the ancients brings before our eyes4 ,where blindly passionate forces are aroused1 the collected ,spirit is present as the guardian of ,beauty2 but if the ,spirit itself be carried away1 as by an irresistible might1 what power shall watch over and protect sacred beauty8 ,or1 if even the soul participate in the struggle1 how shall it save itself from pain and from desecration8 ,arbitrarily to restrain the power of pain1 of feeling in revolt1 would be to sin against the very meaning and aim of ,art1 and would betray a want of feeling and soul in the artist himself4 ,already therein1 that ,beauty1 based on grand and firmly established forms1 has become ,character1 ,art has provided the means of displaying without injury to symmetry the whole intensity of ,feeling4 ,for where ,beauty rests on mighty forms1 as upon immovable pillars1 even a slight change in its relations1 scarcely touching the form1 causes us to infer the great force that was necessary in order to provide it4 ,still more does ,grace sanctify pain4 ,it is the essential nature of ,grace that it does not know itself2 but not being wilfully acquired1 it also cannot be wilfully lost4 ,when intolerable anguish1 when even madness1 sent by avenging gods1 takes away consciousness and reason1 ,grace stands as a protecting demon by the suffering person1 and prevents it from manifesting anything unseemly1 anything discordant to ,humanity1 but sees to it that1 if the person falls1 it falls at least a pure and unspotted victim4 ,although not yet the ,soul itself1 but its forebodings only1 ,grace accomplishes by natural means what the ,soul does by a divine power1 in transforming pain1 torpor1 even death itself1 into ,beauty4 ,yet ,grace1 which thus maintained itself in the extremest adversity1 would be dead1 without its transfiguration by the ,soul4 ,but what expression can belong to the ,soul in this situation8 ,it delivers itself from pain1 and comes forth conquering1 not conquered1 by relinquishing its connection with sensuous existence4 ,it is for the natural ,spirit to exert its energies for the preservation of sensuous existence2 the ,soul enters not into this contest1 but its presence moderates even the storms of painfully-struggling life4 ,outward force can take away only outward goods1 but not reach the ,soul2 it can tear asunder a temporal bond1 not dissolve the eternal one of a truly divine love4 ,not hard and unfeeling1 nor giving up love itself1 on the contrary the ,soul displays in pain this love alone1 as the sentiment that outlasts sensuous existence1 and thus raises itself above the ruins of outward life or fortune in divine glory4 ,it is this expression of the ,soul that the creator of the ,niobe has presented to us4 ,all the means by which ,art tempers even the ,terrible1 are here made use of4 ,mightiness of form1 sensuous ,grace1 nay1 even the nature of the subject-matter itself1 soften the expression1 through this1 that ,pain1 transcending all expression1 annihilates itself1 and ,beauty1 which it seemed impossible to preserve from destruction when alive1 is protected from injury by the commencing torpor4 ,but what would it all be without the ,soul1 and how does this manifest itself8 ,we see on the countenance of the mother1 not grief alone for the already prostrated flower of her children2 not alone deadly anxiety for the preservation of those yet remaining1 and of the youngest daughter1 who has fled for safety to her bosom2 nor resentment against the cruel deities2 least of all1 as is pretended1 cool defiance-all these we see1 indeed1 but not these alone2 for1 through grief1 anxiety1 and resentment streams1 like a divine light1 eternal love1 as that which alone remains2 and in this is preserved the mother1 as one who was not1 but now is a mother1 and who remains united with the beloved ones by an eternal bond4 ,every one acknowledges that greatness1 purity1 and goodness of ,soul have also their sensuous expressions4 ,but how is this conceivable1 unless the principle that acts in ,matter be itself cognate and similar to ,soul8 ,for the representation of the ,soul there are again gradations in ,art1 according as it is joined with the merely ,characteristic1 or in visible union with the ,charming and ,graceful4 ,who perceives not already1 in the tragedies of schylus1 the presence of that lofty morality which is predominant in the works of ,sophocles8 ,but in the former it is enveloped in a bitter rind1 and passes less into the whole work1 since the bond of sensuous ,grace is still wanting4 ,but out of this severity1 and the still rude charms of earlier ,art1 could proceed the grace of ,sophocles1 and with it the complete fusion of the two elements1 which leaves us doubtful whether it is more moral or sensuous ,grace that enchants us in the works of this poet4 ,the same is true of the plastic productions of the early and severe style1 in comparison with the gentleness of the later4 ,if ,grace1 besides being the transfiguration of the spirit of ,nature1 is also the medium of connection between moral ,goodness and sensuous ,appearance1 it is evident how ,art must tend from all points toward it as its centre4 ,this ,beauty1 which results from the perfect interpenetration of moral ,goodness and sensuous ,grace1 seizes and enchants us when we meet it1 with the force of a miracle4 ,for1 whilst the spirit of ,nature shows itself everywhere else independent of the ,soul1 and1 indeed1 in a measure opposed to it1 here1 it seems1 as if by voluntary accord1 and the inward fire of divine love1 to melt into union with it2 the remembrance of the fundamental unity of the essence of ,nature and the essence of the ,soul comes over the beholder with sudden clearness--the conviction that all antagonism is only apparent1 that ,love is the bond of all things1 and pure ,goodness the foundation and substance of the whole ,creation4 ,here ,art1 as it were1 transcends itself1 and again becomes means only4 ,on this summit sensuous ,grace becomes in turn only the husk and body of a higher life2 what was before a whole is treated as a part1 and the highest relation of ,art and ,nature is reached in this--that it makes ,nature the medium of manifesting the soul which it contains4 ,but though in this blossoming of ,art1 as in the blossoming of the vegetable kingdom1 all the previous stages are repeated1 yet1 on the other hand1 we may see in what various directions ,art can proceed from this centre4 ,especially does the difference in nature of the two forms of ,plastic ,art here show itself most strongly4 ,for ,sculpture1 representing its ideas by corporeal things1 seems to reach its highest point in the complete equilibrium of ,soul and ,matter--if it give a preponderance to the latter it sinks below its own idea--but it seems altogether impossible for it to elevate the ,soul at the expense of ,matter1 since it must thereby transcend itself4 ,the perfect sculptor indeed1 as ,winckelmann remarks apropos of the ,belvedere ,apollo1 will use no more material than is needful to accomplish his spiritual purpose2 but also1 on the other hand1 he will put into the ,soul no more energy than is at the same time expressed in the material2 for precisely upon this1 fully to embody the spiritual1 depends his art4 ,sculpture1 therefore1 can reach its true summit only in the representation of those natures in whose constitution it is implied that they actually embody all that is contained in their ,idea or ,soul2 thus only in divine natures4 ,so that ,sculpture1 even if no ,mythology had preceded it1 would of itself have come upon gods1 and have invented such if it found none4 ,moreover as the ,spirit1 on this lower platform1 has again the same relation to ,matter that we have ascribed to the ,soul 7being the principle of activity and motion1 as ,matter is that of rest and inaction71 the law that regulates ,expression and ,passion must be a fundamental principle of its nature4 ,but this law must be applicable not only to the lower passions1 but also equally to those higher and godlike passions1 if it is permitted so to call them1 by which the ,soul is affected in rapture1 in devotion1 in adoration4 ,hence1 since from these passions the gods alone are exempt1 ,sculpture is inclined from this side also to the imaging of divine natures4 ,the nature of ,painting1 however1 seems to differ entirely from that of ,sculpture4 ,for the former represents objects1 not like the latter1 by corporeal things1 but by light and color1 through a medium therefore itself incorporeal and in a measure spiritual4 ,painting1 moreover1 gives out its productions nowise as the things themselves1 but expressly as pictures4 ,from its very nature therefore it does not lay as much stress on the material as ,sculpture1 and seems indeed for this reason1 while exalting the material above the spirit1 to degrade itself more than ,sculpture in a like case2 on the other hand to be so much more justified in giving a clear preponderance to the ,soul4 ,where it aims at the highest it will indeed ennoble the passions by ,character1 or moderate them by ,grace1 or manifest in them the power of the ,soul3 but on the other hand it is precisely those higher passions1 depending on the relationship of the ,soul with a ,supreme ,being1 that are entirely suited to the nature of ,painting4 ,indeed1 while ,sculpture maintains an exact balance between the force whereby a thing exists outwardly and acts in ,nature and that by virtue of which it lives inwardly and as ,soul1 and excludes mere suffering even from ,matter1 ,painting may soften in favor of the ,soul the characteristicness of the force and activity in ,matter1 and transform it into resignation and endurance1 making it apparent that ,man becomes more generally susceptible to the inspirations of the ,soul1 and to higher influences in general4 ,this diametrical difference explains of itself not only the necessary predominance of ,sculpture in the ancient1 and of ,painting in the modern world 7since in the former the tone of mind was thoroughly plastic1 whereas the latter makes even the ,soul the passive instrument of higher revelations72 but this also is evident--that it is not enough to strive after the ,plastic in form and manner of representation1 but that it is requisite1 before all1 to think and to feel plastically1 that is1 antiquely4 ,and as the deviation of ,sculpture into the picturesque is destructive to ,art1 so the narrowing down of ,painting to the conditions and forms belonging to ,sculpture is an arbitrarily imposed limitation4 ,for while ,sculpture1 like gravitation1 acts toward one point1 it is permitted to ,painting1 as to light1 to fill all space with its creative energy4 ,this unlimited universality of ,painting is demonstrated by ,history itself1 and by the examples of the greatest masters1 who1 without injury to the essential character of their art1 have developed to perfection each particular stage by itself1 so that we can find also in the history of ,art the same sequence that may be pointed out in its nature--not indeed in exact order of time1 but yet substantially4 ,for thus is represented in ,michelangelo the oldest and mightiest epoch of liberated ,art1 that in which it displays its yet uncontrolled strength in gigantic progeny2 as in the fables of the symbolic ,fore-world1 the ,earth1 after the embrace of ,uranus1 brought forth at first ,titans and heaven-storming giants before the mild reign of the serene gods began4 ,thus the painting of the ,last ,judgment1 with which1 as the sum of his art1 that giant spirit filled the ,sistine ,chapel1 seems to remind us more of the first ages of the ,earth and its products1 than of its last4 ,attracted toward the most hidden abysses of organic1 particularly of the human form1 he shuns not the ,terrible2 nay1 he seeks it purposely1 and startles it from its repose in the dark workshops of ,nature4 ,want of delicacy1 grace1 pleasingness1 he balances by the extremest energy2 and if he excites horror by his representations1 it is the terror that1 according to fable1 the ancient god ,pan spreads around him when he suddenly appears in the assemblies of men4 ,it is the method of ,nature to produce the extraordinary by isolation and the exclusion of opposed qualities4 ,thus1 it was necessary that1 in ,michelangelo1 earnestness and the deep significant energy of ,nature should prevail1 rather than a sense of the grace and sensibility that belong to the ,soul1 in order to display the extreme of pure plastic force in the painting of modern times4 ,after the earlier violence and the vehement impulse of birth is assuaged1 the spirit of ,nature is transfigured into ,soul1 and ,grace is born4 ,this point ,art reached1 after ,leonardo da ,vinci1 in ,correggio1 in whose works the sensuous ,soul is the active principle of ,beauty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,as the modern fable of ,psyche closes the circle of the old mythology2 so ,painting1 by giving a preponderance to the ,soul1 attained a new1 though not a higher step of ,art4 ,this ,guido ,reni strove after1 and became the proper painter of the ,soul4 ,such seems to us to be the necessary interpretation of his whole endeavor1 often uncertain1 and1 in many of his works1 losing itself in the vague4 ,this is shown1 as1 perhaps1 in few of his other pictures1 in the masterpiece that is offered to the admiration of all in the great collection of our king4 ,in the figure of the heavenward-ascending ,virgin1 all harshness and sternness are effaced1 even to the last trace2 and1 indeed1 does not ,painting itself seem in it to soar upward1 transfigured on its own pinions1 as the liberated ,psyche delivered from the severity of ,form8 ,here nothing outward remains1 with separate natural force2 everything expresses receptivity and still endurance1 even the perishable flesh1 the character of which the ,italian language designates by the term morbidezza1 altogether unlike that with which ,raphael invests the descending ,queen of ,heaven1 as she appears to the adoring pope and a saint4 ,though the remark be well-founded1 that the original of ,guido's female heads is the ,niobe of antiquity1 yet the ground of this similarity is surely no mere intentional imitation2 perhaps a like aim led to like means4 ,as the ,florentine ,niobe is an extreme in ,sculpture1 and the representation in it of the ,soul1 so this well-known picture is an extreme in ,painting1 which here ventures to lay aside even the requisite of shade and the obscure1 and to work almost with pure ,light4 ,even though it might be permitted to ,painting1 from its peculiar nature1 to give a distinct preponderance to the ,soul1 yet theory and instruction will do best constantly to aim at that original ,centre1 whence alone ,art may be produced ever anew2 whereas1 at the stage last mentioned1 it must necessarily stand still1 or degenerate into cramped mannerism4 ,for even that higher passion is opposed to the idea of having reached the acme of energy1 whose image and reflex ,art is called upon to display4 ,a right intelligence will ever enjoy seeing a creature worthily1 and1 as far as possible1 also individually1 represented2 yea1 ,deity itself would look down with pleasure on a being that1 gifted with a pure soul1 should stoutly assert the dignity of its nature outwardly also1 and by its sensually efficient existence4 ,we have seen how the work of ,art1 springing up out of the depths of ,nature1 begins with determinateness and limitation1 unfolds its inward plenitude and infinity1 is finally transfigured in ,grace1 and at last attains to ,soul4 ,but we can conceive only in detail what1 in the creative act of mature ,art1 is but one operation4 ,no theory and no rules can give this spiritual1 creative power4 ,it is the pure gift of ,nature1 which here1 for the second time1 makes a close2 for1 having fully actualized herself1 she invests the creature with her creative energy4 ,but as1 in the grand progress of ,art1 these different stages appeared successively1 until1 at the highest1 all joined in one2 so also1 in particulars1 sound culture can spring up only where it has unfolded itself regularly from the germ and root to the blossom4 ,the requirement that ,art1 like everything living1 should commence from the first rudiments1 and1 to renew its youth1 constantly return to them1 may seem a hard doctrine to an age that has so often been assured that it has only to take from works of ,art already in existence the most consummate ,beauty1 and thus1 as at a step1 to reach the final goal4 ,have we not already the ,excellent1 the ,perfect8 ,how then should we return to the rudimentary and unformed8 ,had the great founders of modern ,art thought thus1 we should never have seen their miracles4 ,before them also stood the creations of the ancients1 round statues and works in relief1 which they might have transferred immediately to their canvas4 ,but such an appropriation of a ,beauty not self-won1 and therefore unintelligible1 would not satisfy an artistic instinct that aimed throughout at the fundamental1 and from which the ,beautiful was again to create itself with free original energy4 ,they were not afraid1 therefore1 to appear simple1 artless1 dry1 beside those exalted ancients2 nor to cherish ,art for a long time in the undistinguished bud1 until the period of ,grace had arrived4 ,whence comes it that we still look upon these works of the older masters1 from ,giotto to the teacher of ,raphael1 with a sort of reverence1 indeed with a certain predilection1 if not that the faithfulness of their endeavor1 and the grand earnestness of their serene voluntary limitation1 compel our respect and admiration4 ,the same relation that they held to the ancients1 the present generation holds to them4 ,their time and ours are joined by no living transmission1 no link of continuous1 organic growth2 we must reproduce ,art in the way they did1 but with energy of our own1 in order to be like them4 ,even that ,indian-summer of ,art1 at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries1 could call forth only a few new blossoms on the old stem1 but no productive germs1 still less plant a new tree of ,art4 ,but to set aside the works of perfected ,art1 and to seek out its scanty and simple beginnings1 as some have desired1 would be a new and perhaps greater mistake2 it would be no real return to the fundamental2 simplicity would be affectation1 and grow into hypocritical show4 ,but what prospect does the present time offer for an ,art springing from a vigorous germ1 and growing up from the root8 ,for it is in a great measure dependent on the character of its time2 and who would promise the approbation of the present time to such earnest beginnings1 when ,art1 on the one hand1 scarcely obtains equal consideration with other instruments of prodigal luxury1 and1 on the other1 artists and amateurs1 with entire want of ability to grasp ,nature1 praise and demand the ,ideal8 ,art springs only from that powerful striving of the inmost powers of the heart and the spirit1 which we call ,inspiration4 ,everything that from difficult or small beginnings has grown up to great power and height1 owes its growth to ,inspiration4 ,thus spring empires and states1 thus arts and sciences4 ,but it is not the power of the individual that accomplishes this1 but the ,spirit alone1 that diffuses itself over all4 ,for ,art especially is dependent on the tone of the public mind1 as the more delicate plants on atmosphere and weather2 it needs a general enthusiasm for ,sublimity and ,beauty1 like that which1 in the time of the ,medici1 as a warm breath of spring1 called forth at once and together all those great spirits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is only when the public life is actuated by the same forces through whose energy ,art is elevated1 that the latter can derive any advantage from it2 for ,art cannot1 without giving up the nobility of its nature1 aim at anything outward4 ,art and ,science can move only on their own axes2 the artist1 like every spiritual laborer1 can follow only the law that ,god and ,nature have written in his heart4 ,none can help him--he must help himself2 nor can he be outwardly rewarded1 since anything that he should produce for the sake of aught out of itself1 would thereby become a nullity2 hence1 too1 no one can direct him1 nor prescribe the path he is to tread4 ,is he to be pitied if he have to contend against his time1 he is deserving of contempt if he truckle to it4 ,but how should it be even possible for him to do this8 ,without great general enthusiasm there are only sects--no public opinion2 not an established taste1 not the great ideas of a whole people1 but the voices of a few arbitrarily-appointed judges1 determine as to merit2 and ,art1 which in its elevation is self-sufficing1 courts favor1 and serves where it should rule4 ,to different ages are given different inspirations4 ,can we expect none for this age1 since the new world now forming itself1 as it exists in part already outwardly1 in part inwardly and in the hearts of men1 can no longer be measured by any standard of previous opinion1 and since everything1 on the contrary1 loudly demands higher standards and an entire renovation8 ,should not the sense to which ,nature and ,history have more livingly unfolded themselves1 restore to ,art also its great arguments8 ,the attempt to draw sparks from the ashes of the ,past1 and fan them again into universal flame1 is a vain endeavor4 ,only a revolution in the ideas themselves is able to raise ,art from its exhaustion2 only new ,knowledge1 new ,faith1 can inspire it for the work by which it can display1 in a renewed life1 a splendor like the past4 ,an ,art in all respects the same as that of foregoing centuries1 will never return2 for ,nature never repeats herself4 ,such a ,raphael will never be again1 but another1 who shall have reached in an equally original manner the summit of ,art4 ,only let the fundamental conditions be fulfilled1 and renewed ,art will show1 like that which preceded it1 in its first works1 its aim and intent4 ,in the production of the distinctly characteristic1 if it proceed from a fresh original energy1 ,grace is already present1 even though hidden1 and in both the advent of the ,soul already determined4 ,works produced in this manner1 even in their rudimentary imperfection1 are necessary and eternal4 99 99 99 ,,later ,,german ,,romanticism ,by ,george ,h4 ,danton1 ,,ph4,d ,professor of ,german1 ,butler ,college ,the group of later ,romanticists is distinguished from the earlier pioneers by less emphasis on speculative philosophy1 by greater spontaneity1 and by more creative ability4 ,the later school was less interested in questions primarily esthetic and was more democratic4 ,both groups were enemies of the aristocratic ,enlightenment of the eighteenth century2 but where the earlier group worked with the ,kantian understanding and with a supersensuous philosophy1 the younger men lived in the world and were of it2 they used the people to carry on their propaganda4 ,thus1 though later ,romanticism contains nearly all the ideas of earlier ,romanticism1 it displays in addition also1 political1 national1 and social tendencies which were in the main foreign to the earlier writers4 ,there was in the later group a deeper sense of religion and a firmer belief in the spiritual foundations of experience than is shown by their predecessors1 though all ,romanticism tried to penetrate the mysteries of life and all ,romanticists were seers as well as prophets4 ,in the later school1 too1 there appears a development of the nature-sense far beyond anything shown in the first group4 ,indeed1 the ,schlegels may be said to have been without a sense for nature2 in ,tieck there is a great discrepancy between the man1 his beliefs1 and his practise1 and ,novalis' nature-feeling is not attached to any specific place4 ,but ,brentano loves the ,rhine1 and ,eichendorff's landscape is genuinely ,silesian4 ,caroline and ,dorothea know nothing of the mood which makes ,bettina throw herself prone in the grass to watch an insect crawl over her hand4 ,a keener appreciation of natural beauty led to a study of natural science2 thence it was but a step to the night-sides of nature2 and spiritism1 mesmerism1 occultism1 and abnormal psychology fill the minds of such men as the ,romantic philosopher ,schubert1 and of the physicians ,carus and ,passavant4 ,justinus ,kerner wrote of the ,seeress of ,prevorst1 and ,clemens ,brentano watched for years at the bedside of a stigmatized nun4 ,on the other hand1 from nature comes a love for home and country1 and this love serves as a bridge to the patriotism which was the vital force in the ,wars of ,liberation and which1 by well-marked gradations1 destroyed the cosmopolitanism engendered by the ,french ,revolution4 ,art went hand in hand with nature2 the wild1 weird landscapes of ,caspar ,david ,friedrich1 fascinating and specifically ,german1 express the ,romantic spirit fully as well as the delicate1 spiritual1 and thoroughly sane fancies of ,philip ,otto ,runge1 the artist of early ,romanticism4 ,as the earlier men centred in ,jena1 so the later ,romanticists flourished in ,heidelberg1 that city which ,eichendorff called itself a magnificent ,romanticism4 ,the earlier group was largely ,north ,german and brought with it clear perception and a certain power of analysis1 an ability to dissect and to reason4 ,with the ,heidelberg group the ,south begins to play a larger part1 though there were a number of ,north ,germans in it4 ,the richer fancy1 the longer literary tradition1 now add color to their productions4 ,it is significant1 too1 that though castle ,romanticism does not die out1 a new note is struck with the celebration of the ,rhine in song1 story1 and legend4 ,the river begins with ,romantic tradition and in a ,romantic milieu1 but rises to political significance as ,germany's stream and not ,germany's boundary4 ,the southward tendency of the movement reached its climax when its centre shifted to ,munich1 with a culture-loving king1 an ,academy of ,sciences and a new ,university4 ,munich was fortunately not destined to become like ,vienna1 that other ,south ,german city1 a ,capua of the spirit4 ,though certain members of the later ,romantic group were closely associated with each other in a way that was unknown to the older set1 ,arnim and ,savigny having each married a sister of ,brentano1 there was less real solidarity among them than in their forerunners4 ,by no means all the men treated within the confines of the present article had the close personal association which1 when combined with intellectual or literary activity1 goes by the rather loose name of a school4 ,the first ,romanticists were held together by a common effort to formulate or to attain a speculative philosophy4 ,in the second group1 there was a decentralizing1 catholicizing tendency1 and1 above all1 a greater individual creative ability4 ,it was not merely the chance difference of external fortunes that kept them apart1 though they never held together after the death of ,brentano's wife in #ahjf1 but that each projected his individuality into his literary work rather than into a common polemic ideal4 ,the path-finding and discovery had already been done2 in the quieter backwater it was possible to develop well-rounded works of real esthetic value4 ,very significant of the differences between the schools is their journalistic activity4 ,the ideal of the first ,romanticists was to work without collaboration2 but the very prospectus of ,arnim's ,journal for ,hermits is signed by a company of editors4 ,the early journals were turned to the study of ,german literature through a renunciation of the present2 the later ,germanic studies arose from a high idealism and from a sincere desire to awaken the present to new national activity4 ,when1 later in life1 ,grres remarked of these journals that their collaborators felt as if they were accompanying the ,holy ,roman ,empire to its grave1 he was thinking of the year in which the most important of them flourished1 #ahjh4 ,in this1 ,germany's darkest period1 ,kleist's ,phoebus1 so cordially hated by many1 and ,arnim's ,journal for ,hermits had their brief but influential career4 ,such a journal as the ,athenaeum1 with its over-emphasis on the esthetic1 with its fighting spirit1 its excoriating1 inexorable wit1 its constructive and destructive criticism1 its complete and total silence on ,schiller1 would have been an impossibility in the later period4 ,the feeling for and thinking in ,fragments1 as practised by ,friedrich ,schlegel and ,novalis1 was foreign to the new school4 ,they had no illusions that such thinking would become the daily custom of the people2 they kept their eyes open to that which went on about them1 and though they no more dared than the earlier group to work directly upon the political conditions of the day as did ,grres later 7#ahad7 in his ,rheinischer ,merkur1 they attempted indirectly to react on the broad mass by branching out into religion and other folk-interests as the earlier school never cared to do4 ,perhaps this is an excuse for the shallowness of some of the product1 especially of the fiction2 at any rate1 the attempt at dissemination was not without its success4 ,the external link connecting the two schools as well as the ,romantic groups in general and the object of their star-worship1 ,goethe1 was ,clemens ,maria ,brentano 7#aggh-ahdb71 in many ways the most typical ,romantic figure of either school4 ,brentano's grandmother1 ,sophie ,la ,roche1 had been the friend of ,wieland2 his mother1 ,maximiliane1 played a not unimportant rle in the life of the young ,goethe and is immortalized in the latter part of ,werther4 ,maximiliane married ,brentano1 an ,italian from the ,como region1 and ,clemens was the third child of this loveless union4 ,brentano's early life was not happy2 he was destined for a business career but was a failure in it1 and then studied at various universities but with no great application or success4 ,from #agig-ahjj he was at ,jena1 where he succeeded in making himself hated by the ,schlegels in spite of his defense of them in his satirical play1 ,gustav ,wasa 7#ahjj74 ,this play1 in the manner of ,tieck's ,puss in ,boots1 attempts to ridicule ,kotzebue4 ,the method is the same as ,tieck's3 there is the play within the play1 the gagged officer 7to take the place of the critic ,bttger71 the puns1 of which1 perhaps1 the one on ,lucinde 7,lux inde7 is the best1 and which1 as often in ,brentano1 go beyond and surpass ,tieck4 ,romantic irony flourishes3 the whole world of the theatre1 the author1 the very lights1 the building1 the working day and the musical instruments in the orchestra are dramatized in turn4 ,the dialogue of the latter far more intimately suggests their quality than does the speech of the flutes in ,tieck1 where their spirit is cerulean blue4 ,wasa1 unfortunately1 runs off into dull allegory1 and this work is not to be compared with ,august von ,schlegel's ,gate of ,honor as a satire on the same subject4 ,brentano's ,godwi 7#ahja71 the sub-title of which1 ,an ,unmanageable ,novel by ,maria1 shows its character1 is a far better production4 ,it has the strong1 full-blooded1 passionate love of life characteristic of its author1 the many-souled ,brentano1 whose ,romantic irony resulted from his being ashamed of his sentimentality1 and whose hatred of philistinism was caused by his fear of his own latent tendency toward that point of view4 ,the plot of ,godwi runs wild1 but the satire and the interspersed lyrics make it interesting reading4 ,romantic irony can go no farther than in this book1 in which the author's own death-bed scene is portrayed and in which the preceding parts of the work are referred to by page and line--,this is the pond into which ,i fall on page so and so4 ,if ,brentano's ,rosary cycle 7#ahji7 is somewhat unpleasantly superhuman1 and if1 at times1 he mixes sex and religion like a mystic of the ,middle ,ages or a ,spaniard of the ,counter ,reformation1 he rises to wonderful lyric heights when he touches his own experiences1 or when he expresses the note of the people4 ,his use of the supernatural1 of the subconscious mood1 gives rise to such poems as ,the ,lore-,lay1 the legend of which was actually invented by ,brentano4 ,like all ,romanticists1 ,brentano was a poet of incomplete works1 of moods which abandoned him before the artistic perfection of his effort was reached2 but his suggestive touches1 and1 above all1 his constant use of the refrain in all phases and genres1 especially to emphasize and summarize his musical consciousness1 are a striking proof of the ,french adage1 ,quand le coeur chante1 c'est toujours un refrain4 ,brentano surrenders himself passionately to his mood4 ,his surrender and his distorting irony1 like ,heine's1 arise from his desire to assimilate all of the outside world2 it explains1 in part1 the ,romantic desire to mediate1 to translate1 to bridge the cleft between oneself and the world4 ,in part1 too1 it explains the desire for musical imitation so apparent in both ,tieck and ,brentano4 ,it is an attempt to express in terms of one sense the ideas or apperceptions of another4 ,but where ,tieck falls into meaningless jingle1 ,brentano succeeds1 not merely in suggesting but in producing the effect1 as in his ,merry ,musicians 7#ahjc71 or in bringing about its latent mood1 as in his ,spinner's ,song or in his version of the old folk-epithalamium1 ,come out1 come out1 thou lovely1 lovely bride4 ,brentano's prose tales vary in quality from the over-allegorized latter part of ,the ,fairy ,tale of the ,rhine and the ,miller ,radlauf 7#ahaf7 to the simple and homely ,kasper and ,annie 7#ahag71 with its elemental clash of soldiers and citizens4 ,through many of the tales there runs a note of satire and of symbolism1 but the fancy is exuberant and the interest well maintained4 ,brentano's discovery of the ,rhine as an object of poetry and veneration is completely summarized in ,radlauf1 where the ,rhine lyrics are often of wonderful beauty and definiteness and the river becomes a benevolent deus ex machina1 who--significantly--in dreams1 guides and aids the simple1 honest miller in his search for a bride4 ,later in life1 ,brentano returned to the ,roman ,church into which he had been baptized as a child1 and gradually withdrew from literary activity4 ,long before his death in #ahdb1 he had renounced his earlier life as wicked and abhorrent1 and had given himself over entirely to the ,church4 ,but his career with its constant wanderings1 its lack of permanency of occupation1 of family ties1 and of a real home1 his inability to grow old1 his inner unreality1 his excessive productivity-in short1 all that is incomplete1 over-stimulated1 destructive of self1 make him the most typical figure of the later ,romantic group4 ,ludwig ,achim von ,arnim 7#agha-ahca7 is by no means so bizarre a figure4 ,born in ,berlin of a noble family1 he inherited a peculiar patriotism and his love of culture1 and developed these without the eccentricities which characterized his brother-in-law4 ,the main influences of his early years were ,goethe and ,jena1 but1 as a direct inspiration1 ,tieck must also be mentioned4 ,arnim's early works lie largely in the field of natural science1 especially in physics4 ,he had little of ,brentano's lyric gift2 indeed1 his poems1 where not wooden1 are often merely reminiscent4 ,they show1 too1 in an unusual degree1 the ability to adapt himself to another's mood and assimilate it--that which the ,germans call ,nachempfinden1 a quality which stood him in excellent stead in his work on ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn4 ,the drama ,halle and ,jerusalem 7#ahaj7 is an amalgamation of the story of ,cardenio and ,celinde used by ,gryphius and ,immermann1 with the story of the ,wandering ,jew4 ,the first four acts take place in ,halle where ,cardenio is a teacher and where he is living in incestuous relation with ,olympia4 ,he is a ,faust-nature and his father is ,ahasuerus4 ,the fifth act is taken up with a pilgrimage to ,jerusalem where the romantic fates of the characters are decided4 ,the play abounds in contemporary satire and1 as in all of ,arnim's work1 there is distinct emphasis on action1 the goal of human endeavor4 ,arnim's prose is better than his verse4 ,soon1 in ,the ,guardians of the ,crown 7#ahag2 volume #b unfinished and published in his literary remains1 #ahed71 he strikes an individual note4 ,this novel is one of the best products of ,german ,romanticism4 ,the ,guardians are a mysterious secret organization who guard the imperial crown in a fairy castle and are favorable to the ancient house of ,hohenstaufen but inimical to the ruling ,habsburgs4 ,the basis is the newly awakening ideal of ,german unity but ,arnim fails to express this clearly1 and the concluding motif1 that ,germany's crown is to be spiritually won1 resolves the whole into a frosty allegory4 ,the progress of the story is1 however1 extremely interesting2 the whole spacious and varied scene of medieval life is there1 and as ,tieck and ,wackenroder discovered ,nuremberg1 and ,brentano the ,rhine1 so ,arnim may be said to have shown in its full activity the ,ghibelline city of ,waiblingen4 ,it is1 to be sure1 a ,romantic ,waiblingen1 and not the real city1 as ,arnim himself was afterward forced to admit with some disappointment when he actually saw it4 ,but as ,arnim portrays it1 it rises to typical value without losing any of its poetic individuality4 ,it is the city of the ,hohenstaufens1 the last stand of medievalism against the encroachment of a new civilization4 ,the echoes from ,gotz von ,berlichingen are at once apparent to the reader4 ,but ,arnim's city of the sixteenth century does not look backward only2 the conflicts in it point forward also4 ,its abbess is not the traditional pious1 fat old lady1 but a tall1 thin1 practical and active woman4 ,its ,faust is a figure of aggressive naturalism1 a charlatan and quack who practises blood-transfusion on the hero and who lies drunk in a pig-sty--a scene which shows ,arnim's power of drastic contrast at its best4 ,the hero1 ,berthold1 does not sit back and wait for the crown to come to him1 but with money mysteriously given him builds a cloth-mill on the site of his ancestral palace and becomes the mayor of the city4 ,how different a picture from the hazy cities of ,novalis' ,heinrich von ,ofterdingen6 ,it is a part of the new spirit in ,romanticism to point the way for the people of ,germany to go forward--to leave mysticism and dreams1 and to grapple with the life around them4 ,a similar impulse toward popularization actuated ,arnim and ,brentano in their joint work1 ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn 7#ahjf-h74 ,this is the achievement upon which their greatest fame will always rest4 ,it is one of the best collections of folk-songs and popular ballads in any language1 and has been of the greatest influence upon ,germany4 ,there was no desire on the part of the editors to write a learned treatise2 they simply wished to gather together and record the folk-songs of the ,fatherland before they were lost forever4 ,in ,arnim's own words3 ,the richness of this our national song cannot fail to attract universal attention2 it will surprise many2 it will supplement many an effort of our own times1 or will render such effort needless4 ,we expect a great deal from the joyous happy life in these songs--a manifold1 full tone in poetry1 an echo of very definite ideas1 or an impulse to arouse many a half-forgotten youthful memory4 ,these poems will not only be read1 they will be remembered and sung4 ,they embrace in their content1 perhaps the greatest portion of ,german poetry4 ,they will thus set free many an indefinite longing--a something which is not satisfied by much re-reading4 ,goethe greeted the new undertaking with enthusiasm and urged the editors to keep their poetic archives clean1 strict1 and in good order4 ,he1 too1 urged that this book should be in every house where joyful humans dwell1 by the window1 under the mirror1 or where song book and cook book lie4 ,there it should remain1 ready to be opened1 and there something should be found for every varying mood4 ,while this fate has not been granted the work1 it has grown deservedly popular4 ,philological criticism has caviled at the free hand which ,arnim1 especially1 used in remolding the songs1 but the editors are freed of any possible charge of intellectual dishonesty toward reader and source in that their object was to present artistic unities and not material for further study and dissection4 ,a folk-song is a song which has become a part of the lyric consciousness of the people2 often the singers do not know that what they are singing has a literary origin--they have thoroughly assimilated it4 ,in the best sense of the term1 the songs of ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn are folk-songs4 ,they are both narrative and dramatic as well as pure lyric in form1 and are simple1 powerful1 and direct in expression4 ,they treat all phases of ,german life of the past1 from a crude version of the ,lay of ,hildebrant to the riddles1 lullabies1 and counting-out rhymes of children4 ,pictures of the moral and social life of peasant ,germany are followed by poems of nature and of the supernatural4 ,tragedies vary with humorous skits1 extravagant and mocking1 and the collection is enlivened with many flyting poems about tailors--a favorite butt of the peasant past4 ,ballads of popular origin and ballads with an added sentimental touch1 such as the famous ,strassburg poem with the added ,alpine horn motif1 are found here4 ,delicate1 haunting rhymes alternate with crude assonances1 and occasionally one meets with banalities2 but1 as a whole1 the collection is of surprising merit4 ,it is a product of the ,romantic return to the past1 but is filled with a poetic outlook toward the future4 ,of the work as a whole ,heine says1 ,i cannot praise the book enough4 ,it contains the most graceful flowers of the ,german spirit1 and he who wishes to know the ,german people at their best1 let him read these folk-songs4 99 99 99 ,in these songs one feels the heart-beat of the ,german folk4 ,it is a revelation of all melancholy cheerfulness1 all their foolish reason4 ,here ,german anger beats its drum1 here is the pipe of ,german scorn1 the kiss of ,german love4 ,the part which the ,romantic mood played in the ,wars of ,liberation is definite and well-recognized4 ,the soldier1 ,gneisenau1 felt that the politics of the future lay in the poetry of the day1 and ,adam ,muller proudly proclaimed poetry to be a war-power3 ,the ,romantic longing for the distance1 for love1 when directed to the remote past of the ,fatherland1 not only yielded a new life in art and religion but induced a tremendous patriotism as well4 ,the cosmopolitan temper which caused ,lessing to say that love of country was an unknown feeling to him1 gave way before an intenser nationalism4 ,the earlier ,romanticists began it2 in the later group it took more specific form and became a propaganda4 ,it was also precipitated in verse and prose4 ,the spark came from ,fichte1 who was gradually led to see in the destiny of the ,german people a large cultural fact4 ,fichte1 like a true ,german1 emphasized education as the means of progress3 ,arnim grasped the problem from another side2 he felt himself autochthonous1 and consciously set out to make his connection with the soil react on those sprung from the soil4 ,in him1 as well as in ,fichte1 dawns the ideal of the ,german people as an entity1 as a nation4 ,there are three poets whose main value lies in the appeal they made to the belligerent spirit of the day4 ,they represent three phases of the ,german character4 ,ernst ,moritz ,arndt 7#agfi-ahfj71 the eldest of the group1 is the pamphleteer1 the politician1 and the teacher1 as well as the poet4 ,he is the hard-headed1 earnest intellectual whose lyric poetry1 whatever its esthetic weaknesses1 arouses to action by its deadly insistence on an idea1 on hatred of the ,french1 on salvation by the sword4 ,arndt is all virility and fire4 ,the life of ,theodor ,krner 7#agia-ahac71 the son of ,schiller's intimate friend1 shows that mixture of idealism and practicality for which the ,germans are becoming more and more noted4 ,krner was aroused from his poetic diletantism by the alarms of war4 ,he enlisted in the famous ,ltzow corps and died a soldier's death1 thus becoming the symbol of all that was ideal for the patriotic youth of his day1 the hero and the poet1 the man of ,lyre and ,sword4 ,his patriotic poems1 often composed on the very field of battle1 were sung by the soldiers to the roll of cannon and the beat of drum4 ,the trace of ,schiller's rhetoric in ,krner's poems adds to their effectiveness1 spurring to action and firing young minds to patriotic emulation of high ideals4 ,like ,arndt's lyrics1 ,krner's poems are actual documents in the struggle for liberty-verses which affected men4 ,the ,german mystic trait1 the touch of the religious1 marks the poetry of ,max ,schenkendorf 7#aghc-ahag74 ,his was a quieter nature1 which loved the ,fatherland1 its language1 its romantic scenes and past4 ,characteristic also is his veneration for ,queen ,luise1 whose beauty1 tenderness1 and fortitude had endeared her to the people as well as to the poets4 ,though every ,romantic poet took some stand on the questions of the day1 the most distinctly lyric of them1 ,joseph von ,eichendorff 7#aghh-aheg71 was not of a military temperament4 ,even he1 however1 followed the ,king of ,prussia's call to arms but1 significantly enough for the last ,knight of ,romanticism1 as he was called1 arrived a day too late on the field of ,waterloo4 ,the somewhat fanciful title by no means indicates a jouster at windmills2 it implies1 rather1 that in ,eichendorff there were gathered for the last time with all their poetic brilliancy1 the declining rays of the ,romantic movement4 ,after him1 the enthusiasm is in its decline or changes to forms which lie outside the confines of the ,romantic spirit4 ,eichendorff is a thorough pleinairiste1 filled with the atmosphere of his native ,silesia and1 in some measure1 hardly intelligible apart from its landscape4 ,his birth-place1 the castle of ,lubowitz1 near ,ratibor1 rising high on a hill in full sight of the ,oder1 is the ultimate background of all his nature-poetry4 ,here must be localized the ever-recurring hill and valley1 wood1 nightingale1 and castle4 ,here1 too1 he heard the rustling of the forest leaves and the splashing of the fountain2 here he was grounded in the strong and pious1 if somewhat narrow1 ,catholicism of his race4 ,it was a ,catholicism1 however1 which was genuinely ,romantic in that it sought comfort in sorrow directly from nature1 a tendency which gives rise to some of the best and most heartfelt religious poetry in ,german literature4 ,a fine example of this is to be found in ,eichendorff's beautiful poems on the death of his child4 ,it is interesting to see how1 in this spiritual poetry1 there is a constant melting of nature into religion1 a dissolving of the ,romantic atmosphere1 of that youthful fervor which ,eichendorff never really outgrew but continued to draw upon for inspiration for all his later work1 into a broad1 deep1 manly piety4 ,eichendorff's poetry began with ,tieckian notes2 it was influenced by ,brentano1 and1 unfortunately1 was colored by the productions of ,count ,otto von ,lben 7#aghf-ahbe71 a pseudo-,romanticist of less than mediocre ability4 ,but ,eichendorff's individuality1 with its constant accentuation of the acoustic1 soon made itself felt and brought into ,german poetry what ,tieck had tried for and failed in--an effect of perfect musical synthesis4 ,the melody of the verse receives a peculiar lilt by frequent changes in metre between stanzas or in the midst of the stanza1 and is thus saved from monotony4 ,were its metrical harmony tiring in any way1 it could not have been set to music with such surprising success4 ,as it is1 ,eichendorff's poetry has become a permanent part of the musical life of the nation4 ,the ,broken ,ring has passed into a folk-song1 and ,o valleys wide6 with ,mendelssohn's music is a popular choral of deep religious import4 ,yet ,eichendorff does not attract either by the variety of his themes or of his rhymes4 ,it is his very repetitions which so endear him to the popular heart4 ,his is not passionate poetry1 nor does it subjectively portray the soul-life of its author4 ,in fact1 it is saved from monotony of content at times only by its extreme honesty and its lovable simplicity4 ,there is none of ,goethe's power of suggesting landscape in a few touches1 none of ,goethe's logic of description1 none of ,goethe's clear inner objectivity1 but a certain haze lies over ,eichendorff's landscapes--the haze of a lyric ,corot2 at the same time1 this landscape has the power of suggestion to the ,german mind4 ,paul ,heyse1 himself a poet1 makes one of his characters say1 ,i have always carried ,eichendorff ,is book of songs with me on my travels4 ,whenever a feeling of strangeness comes over me in the variegated days1 or ,i feel a longing for home1 ,i turn its leaves and am at home again4 ,none of our poets has the same magic reminiscence of home which captures our hearts with such touching monotony1 with so few pictures and notes4 99 99 99 ,he is always new1 as the voices of ,nature itself1 and never oppresses1 but rather lulls one to sweet dreams as if a mother were singing her child to sleep4 ,the one novel of ,eichendorff which has lived1 ,from the ,life of a ,good-for-nothing 7#ahbf71 is a last ,romantic shoot of ,friedrich ,schlegel's doctrine of divine laziness--a delightful story1 abounding in those elements which perennially endear ,romanticism to the young heart1 for it is full of nature and love and fortunate happenings4 ,what could be more charming than the spirit in which the hero throws away the vegetables in his garden and puts in flowers8 ,what more nave than his spyings1 his fiddlings8 ,the strength of the story lies in the fact that while its head is in the clouds1 its feet are on the ground4 ,there is no sentimentalizing1 no breaking down of class distinctions2 the good-for-nothing marries his lady-love1 but she is of his own rank4 ,the pseudo-,romanticism of modern novels is avoided2 the hero neither wins a kingdom nor is he the long-lost heir of some potentate--he remains just what he was1 a lovable good-for-nothing4 ,the weather-eye on probability is what in later times has helped the ,romanticists to slip so easily into ,realism--and to reactionary views4 ,of all the great mass of material left by ,friedrich de la ,motte ,fouqu 7#aggg-ahdc71 only a lyric or two and the fairy tale ,undine have any value for the present day4 ,fouqu represents the talent which develops in the glare of the world1 is popular for a decade1 but soon withers when the sun is set4 ,his relations to ,romanticism are largely external2 he frequented the salons of ,rachel ,levin and ,henrietta ,herz in ,berlin1 was aided by ,august von ,schlegel1 and was praised by ,jean ,paul2 but in his heart he was not inspired by any of the deeper longings that characterize the true ,romantic spirit4 ,even though he is to be credited with the first modern dramatization of the ,nibelungen story1 ,the ,hero of the ,north 7#ahaj71 and though he took subjects from the ,germanic past and from the chivalric days1 he brought no new life to his rehabilitations4 ,fouqu was too productive1 too facile1 too external1 too indifferent to psychological motivation to be real4 ,he diluted ,romanticism and sentimentalized it4 ,in him patriotism becomes chauvinism2 love1 philandering2 and his age of chivalry1 a thinly veiled and sentimental picture of his own times4 ,the strength and the indigenousness of ,arnim are gone1 and that power to throw a ,romantic glamor over life which ,tieck and ,hoffmann had1 is lacking4 ,only in his charming fairy-tale1 ,undine 7#ahaa71 does ,fouqu rise above his milieu4 ,undine1 the source of which1 according to ,fouqu himself1 is to be found in a work of ,paracelsus on supernatural beings1 remains one of the best creations of the ,romantic school and1 like ,eichendorff's novel1 has become international1 not only in its original form but in the opera by ,lortzing 7first performance1 ,hamburg1 #ahde74 ,the value of the story lies in the author's power to make the reader believe in ,undine1 the water sprite1 and in the presentation of a new nature-mythology4 ,all ,romanticists have consciously or unconsciously attempted to satisfy ,friedrich ,schlegel's demand for anew mythology3 ,fouqu's earth1 air1 and water spirits people the elements with graceful forms from the world of nature2 the nymph ,undine in the form of a flowing stream embraces even in death the grave of her lover4 ,ludwig ,uhland 7#aghg-ahfb7 was not fundamentally a ,romantic personality4 ,he is called the classicist of ,romanticism1 and with justice4 ,the term shows that he is felt to have something of completion1 of inner perfection1 of harmony of form and content which was lacking in the truer ,romanticists4 ,uhland was without their early cosmopolitanism4 ,political life as manifested in him was1 first of all1 ,suabian--for ,uhland was a ,suabian and most intimately associated with that section of ,germany4 ,he was actively and practically interested in the politics of his native land as a member of its legislative bodies and as delegate to the national parliament at ,frankfurt in #ahdh4 ,uhland had a conservative love for the good old ,suabian law4 ,he felt the doubtful position of the ,south ,german states in the struggle against ,napoleon1 and it was only when ,wrtemberg took its stand with the allies in the final conflict that the embarrassment of his position was relieved1 and ,uhland's patriotic verse assumed its full tone4 ,but his poetry never became a spur to national achievement like the verse of ,arndt1 that other ,german poet-professor4 ,as a member of the national parliament1 ,uhland was opposed to the exclusion of ,austria from the hegemony1 and to the two-chamber system of legislation4 ,but ,uhland's conservatism is unalterably honest without any reactionary traits2 he resigned his professorship rather than be hindered in his political activities1 and refused1 with the peasant's dourness1 all the orders and distinctions that were offered him4 ,indeed1 there is something of the peasant nature in all of ,uhland's verse4 ,sturdy reserve characterizes it--that reserve which forbids the peasant to show his feelings under the stress of the greatest emotion4 ,uhland does not carry his feelings to market2 like ,schiller1 he is not a love poet4 ,there is no display1 no self-analysis1 no self-exaltation1 no amalgamation of self with nature4 ,uhland as a poet is not interested in his own psychology1 but in the impinging world and in the tender past4 ,when ,goethe said that ,uhland was primarily a balladist1 he was right1 for the ballad presupposes just that permeation of the object by the emotion that satisfies the unquestionable lyric gift possessed by ,uhland1 without in any way destroying the essentially narrative objectivity of his style4 ,uhland's greatest fame rests1 then1 on his ballads4 ,the difference between these and those of ,goethe and ,schiller is not merely in the so-called castle-,romanticism of ,uhland1 not in a lingering sentimentality in some of the poorer ones1 but in ,uhland's ability at will to catch the folk-tone4 ,sometimes this folk-tone is a question of certain technical tricks1 such as the abrupt shift of scene1 repetition1 varying series of scenes or words1 archaized language2 but it is just as often in the mood which ,uhland throws over the whole4 ,he thus can catch the inner form and essential mood of the popular ballad in a way that not even ,goethe does in his ,erlking4 ,uhland's ballads and romances vary greatly in quality2 none1 perhaps1 has the grandiose dramatic and ethical note of ,schiller's ,the ,cranes of ,ibycus and none the power of revealing the hidden forces of nature in anthropomorphic and demoniac form as ,goethe does in his ,erlking and ,the ,fisher4 ,but ,uhland's poems are more varied in treatment1 even though he cannot be said to have brought any new forms and themes into ,german verse4 ,there is much talk of poets and poetry in his verse and much of the tender melancholy of parting lovers1 of separation and death4 ,there are also some very healthy bacchic notes4 ,often the ballads are a mere presentation of a scene1 with neither plot nor moral2 once in a while1 too1 ,uhland shows a humorous touch4 ,but various as are his themes and treatments1 the treatment is always nicely adapted to the theme4 ,it is difficult to imagine a better suiting of form and content than in ,the ,singer's ,curse4 ,the management of the vowel sequences is truly wonderful and the rhymes carry the emotional words with a fine virtuosity4 ,the ,luck of ,edenhall1 a variation of a ,scottish theme and also of the ,biblical ,mene tekel1 displays without sermonizing the greatest ethical vigor4 ,it has far more dramatic energy than either ,byron's or ,heine's ,belshazzar poems1 with fully as much dismal foreboding4 ,taillefer1 which has been called the sparkling queen of ,uhland's ballads1 has fresh vigor but lacks the power of handling the moral forces of the universe with as much dramatic vividness4 ,it has a nave joy of life not elsewhere found in ,uhland's ballads4 ,uhland was the greatest poet of the ,suabian ,school1 a group of young men who objected to being denominated a school4 ,among them was ,william ,hauff 7#ahjb-bg71 who is known for several lyrics1 a number of excellent short stories1 and a historical novel1 ,lichtenstein 7#ahbf71 in the manner of ,scott4 ,his ,trooper's ,song is a variation of an old theme and is of great metrical interest in that here1 as in ,uhland1 one may observe how the subtle handling of rhythm1 the lengthening or shortening of a line1 or the shift of stress1 brings with it a corresponding shift of emotion4 ,lichtenstein is the story of the struggle of ,ulrich of ,wrtemberg against the ,suabian ,league and gives us a ,romantic picture of the ,duke which is not justified by the facts4 ,it was1 however1 an attempt to vitalize history and owes its origin to the ,romantic longing for fatherland4 ,its immediate impulse among ,scott's novels was ,quentin ,durward and1 like ,quentin ,durward1 it has a double plot--the sentimental young lovers and the romantic ruler4 ,it also shows all the pageantry of ,romanticism and the nave technique of the beginning of an art-form in the early stages of a new literary movement4 ,friedrich ,rckert 7#aghh-ahff7 was prevented from taking part in the ,wars of ,liberation by poor health1 but added his ,sonnets in ,harness to the poetry of the period4 ,these sonnets had no such stirring effect as the poems of ,krner1 not only because of their literary form1 but because1 in spite of their unquestioned belligerency1 they had not the tone of religious conviction against the enemy which characterized the verses of ,arndt and the rest4 ,other poems1 like ,krner's ,spirit1 show how deeply ,rckert felt himself in sympathy with his times2 his reward has been to have added a very large number of poems to the every-day repertory of ,germany4 ,his ,barbarossa is found in almost every reading book4 ,the cycle ,love's ,spring is an imperishable monument to his love for ,louisa ,wiethaus4 ,but too many of the poems are dedicated to her and too many inconsequential moods relating to her are recorded4 ,in spite of this1 ,rckert has resolved the discord between every-day life and poetry with the simplest poetic apparatus4 ,rckert has also enriched the ,german language with a mass of gnomic poetry1 to the writing of which he was led by his ,oriental studies4 ,this gnomic poetry 7,the ,wisdom of the ,brahman7 has been aptly said to recall at times the ripeness of the mature ,goethe and at other times--,polonius4 ,rckert was one of the first to introduce the ,orient and its verse-forms into ,german literature4 ,here the influence of ,friedrich ,schlegel is unmistakable4 ,he was also a master in the reproduction of the complicated metres of the ,east and ,south4 ,though many of these verse-forms have refused to become indigenous in ,germany1 a large number of new words invented by ,rckert have had poetical vogue1 and even where the new formations were too bold or too recherch1 they accustomed ,german ears to a new idea-presentation through sound4 ,rckert1 like the average ,romanticist1 lacked moderation in his production1 and was utterly without critical faculty in respect to his own verse4 ,much that he has written has perished1 but some of his work--both original and translation--is a permanent part of the best of ,german lyric verse4 ,more individual than ,rckert is ,adalbert von ,chamisso 7#agha-ahch74 ,though he was born in the ,champagne in ,france1 and was therefore a fellow-countryman of ,joinville and ,la ,fontaine1 he became a ,german by education and preference1 and his name is inseparably linked with ,german scholarship and letters4 ,it is remarkable that ,chamisso began to write ,german only after #ahja and is reported never to have spoken it perfectly2 yet his verse ranks with the best products of ,germany in fluency and in form4 ,much of it1 especially that with woman's love as its theme1 is extremely ,german in thought and feeling1 though perhaps ,french in its keenness of analysis4 ,so ,german is ,chamisso felt to be that at his best he is ranked with ,goethe and ,heine4 ,when the boy ,chamisso was nine years old1 the family was driven from ,france but was later allowed to return1 though ,adalbert never went back permanently4 ,thus it was that during the years #ahjf-ac1 the young expatriate led a life of the greatest mental torment2 ,france no longer meant anything to him1 and in ,germany he felt himself a stranger and an outcast4 ,always awkward personally1 and of a nervous temperament1 he found it difficult to adjust himself to surrounding conditions4 ,his scholarly zeal1 however1 and his ability to sit for hours in close study1 show how completely his mentality was adjustable to the ,german manner4 ,in ,berlin he was accepted by the younger ,romantic group and was a member of the famous ,north ,star ,club with ,arnim and his set4 ,in #ahae-ah he made a trip around the world1 and in later years devoted himself especially to the study of botany4 ,only the poetry of ,chamisso's later period is of supreme consequence4 ,as a man in the fifties1 he wrote some of his most beautiful verse4 ,he was a nave poet1 but a poet of many moods4 ,his love poetry is the poetry of longing1 and ranks with that of ,brentano in its ability to suggest states of feeling4 ,among his best poems are his verse-tales1 such as ,the ,women of ,weinsberg1 where his narrative genius ranks with that of his fellow-countryman1 ,la ,fontaine4 ,especially good are his poems in terzines4 ,these mark the real introduction of this metre into ,germany4 ,the best of these1 ,salas y ,gomez1 has the additional advantage of real experience1 for the material observation at the basis of it is derived from his tour of circumnavigation4 ,his poems in this metre are often genre poems1 pure prose in part1 but frequently of a drastic humor that ranks with that of the best of the old ,french fabliaux4 ,his realism is1 however1 never common1 and1 in such poems as ,the ,old ,washerwoman1 to quote ,goethe's ,tasso1 he often ennobles what seems vulgar to us4 ,chamisso is ,romantic in his interest in translations1 in early reminiscences of ,uhland's castle-,romanticism1 and in his poetry of indefinite longing1 but his admiration for ,napoleon and his tendency toward realism point the way which all ,romanticism naturally took--the way leading through ,heine to ,young ,germany on the one hand and through ,tieck's novelettes to realistic prose on the other4 ,as a matter of fact1 the work for which ,chamisso is best known1 a work which has become international in popularity1 ,peter ,schlemihl 7#ahac71 is an early bit of such realistic prose4 ,the tale of the man who sells his shadow to the devil for the sake of the sack of ,fortunatus has become in ,chamisso's hands a genuine folk-fairy-tale in key-note and style4 ,at the same time it is thoroughly ,romantic in subject-matter and treatment4 ,the word ,schlemihl is a ,hebrew word variously interpreted as ,lover of ,god1 or as awkward fellow4 ,if it mean the former1 ,schlemihl then becomes a ,theophilus1 that medieval ,faust who also made a compact with the devil2 if the latter1 one who breaks his finger when sticking it into a custard pie2 then ,schlemihl is ,chamisso himself1 that dean of ,schlemihls1 feeling himself at a loss in any environment4 ,he may be the man without a country1 he may be the man who draws attention to himself by selling what seems of little value to him1 but which afterward proves indispensable for the right conduct of life4 ,the story in this way brings forward a bit of popular ethics1 or1 rather1 it examines an ethical note from the popular point of view4 ,like ,hoffmann1 ,chamisso takes his reader into the midst of current life1 but1 unlike ,hoffmann1 his moods are not the dissolving views which leave the reader in doubt as to whether the whole is a phantasmagoria and a hallucination4 ,schlemihl is genuinely and consistently realistic4 ,it is a story in the first person and has a rigidly logical arrangement of episodes leading up to its climax4 ,it does not make mood--it has mood4 ,the brothers ,jacob and ,wilhelm ,grimm are the products of ,romantic scholarship2 they represent the highest type of scholarly attainment and of scholarly personality4 ,they are always thought of together1 for they shared all possessions alike and were not drawn apart by the fact that ,william married and ,jacob remained a bachelor4 ,their fidelity to each other is touching1 and no more lovable story is told than that of ,jacob's breaking down in a lecture and crying1 ,my brother is so sick6 ,jacob 7#aghe-ahfc7 was the philologist1 the inductive gatherer of scientific material1 the close logical deducer of facts4 ,he presented ,germany with its mythology1 with its history of legal antiquities1 with its grammar and its history of language4 ,he is the author of ,grimm's law of consonant permutation which laid the foundations of modern philological science and is the founder of philological science in general4 ,wilhelm 7#aghf-ahei71 no less exact a scientist1 was more a ,romantic nature1 with a greater power of synthesis under poetic stress4 ,the two brothers began their collecting activities under the influence of ,arnim1 and their work with folk-tales in prose corresponds to ,the ,boy's ,magic ,horn in verse4 ,it was ,wilhelm who gave ,grimms' ,fairy ,tales their artistic form4 ,he remolded1 joined1 separated--in fact1 wrought the crude materials into such shape that this work has penetrated into every land and has become a household word for young and old4 ,the various early editions show the progress in the method of ,wilhelm4 ,the first edition 7#ahab7 reproduces more exactly what the brothers heard2 the later ones show that ,wilhelm consciously attempted to give artistic form to the tales4 ,that his method was justified the history of the stories proves2 they are not only material for ethnological study1 but are dear to all hearts4 ,the stories have the genuine folk-tone2 they are true products of the folk-imagination1 with all the logic of that imagination4 ,all phases of life are touched and the interest never flags4 ,the spirit of nature has been kept4 ,the ,romanticists were not successful in the drama4 ,kleist1 the greatest dramatist of the period1 was not primarily a ,romantic poet4 ,the ,schlegels wrote frosty plays and ,tieck attempted dramatic production4 ,it was left for the most bizarre of the ,romantic group to write the play of greatest power in it and to set a dramatic fashion which for more than a decade carried all before it4 ,zacharias ,werner 7#agfh-ahbc71 after a life of wild sensual excesses1 finally found refuge in the ,roman ,church and as a popular and sensational preacher aroused ,vienna with drastic sermons and clownish antics4 ,of his various plays1 ,the ,sons of the ,valley 7#ahjc7 and the ,cross on the ,baltic 7#ahjf7 deserve mention for their religious and mystic subject-matter1 for which ,werner himself has attempted an explanation1 though without adding to their understanding4 ,martin ,luther1 or the ,consecration of ,power 7#ahjg7 is a pageant play of great interest4 ,its recantation1 ,the ,power of ,weakness1 was written after ,werner's conversion4 ,more important than these is his so-called fate tragedy1 ,the #bdth of ,february 7#ahaj per formed in ,weimar2 published #ahae74 ,this day was a day of terror to ,werner1 for on it he lost in the same year his mother and his most intimate friend4 ,he therefore in the play invests the day with a fatal significance1 and on it a malignant fate has especial power over the fortunes of the persons of the drama2 there is also a fatal requisite and a general atmosphere of fatalism4 ,the play started a whole series2 some of these were crude and weak imitations1 others1 like ,grillparzer's ,the ,ancestress1 were of great power4 ,these plays were conditioned by something in the air4 ,perhaps ,napoleon1 the man of fate1 ruling the minds and destinies of a whole continent1 had something to do with the philosophical background4 ,werner caught the fatalistic spirit1 gave it concise and logical form1 and succeeded in producing a play which has both atmosphere and logic of development4 ,in all of these plays1 in so far as they are good1 the effect is produced by the recognition scenes which hold the reader rapt to the end4 ,but the weak and vulgar imitations of the category outnumbered the powerful plays in the genre1 and the well-merited death-blow was given them by ,platen's ,the ,fateful ,fork 7#ahbf74 ,e4,t4,a4 ,hoffmann 7#aggf-ahbb7 was a thoroughly ,romantic person4 ,like his fellow-,knigsberger1 ,werner1 he went through a period of wildest dissipation1 and all his life was easily influenced by alcohol4 ,he was a painter1 a writer1 and a musician4 ,his ability in the pictorial arts was mainly in caricature and his career as a composer is typically ,romantic2 though he never but once completed a composition1 that he started1 he was thoroughly at home in the theory of the art4 ,like all ,romanticists1 ,hoffmann was interested in and tried all phases of life and refused to recognize the boundaries between the various parts of existence1 between the arts1 and between reality and unreality4 ,hoffmann1 with all his ,north ,german power of reasoning and his zeal and conscientiousness in public office1 was emphatically that ,romanticist associated with the night-sides of literature and life4 ,there is something uncanny both in the man and his writings4 ,his power of putting the scene of his most unreal stories in the midst of well-known places1 his ability to shift the reader from the real to the unreal and vice versa1 make some of his stories seem like phantasmagorias4 ,in all of ,hoffmann's stories there is some unpleasant1 bizarre character2 this is the author's satire on his own strange personality4 ,there is none of ,poe's objectivity in ,hoffmann1 but he uses his subjectivity in a peculiarly ,romantic fashion4 ,it is his idea to raise the reader above the every-day point of view1 to flee from this to a magic world where the unusual shall take the place of the real and where wonder shall rule4 ,so there are in ,hoffmann's stories a series of characters who are really doubles4 ,to the uninitiated they seem every-day creatures2 to those who know1 they are fairies or beings from the supernatural world4 ,such characters are found at their best in ,the ,golden ,pot4 ,hoffmann has influenced both ,french and ,english literatures more than any other ,romantic poet4 ,hawthorne and ,poe read him1 and he was felt by the ,french to be one of the first ,germans whom they understood4 ,it was not merely that his clear reason appealed to the ,french1 but that they saw in him one endowed as with a sixth sense4 ,he has a fineness of observation1 especially for the ridiculous sides of humanity1 together with a tenderness of spirit1 that was new in ,german literature as such men as ,sainte-,beuve and ,gautier saw it4 ,the soul at war with itself1 uncovering its most secret thoughts1 the malheur d'tre pote1 coupled with wit1 taste1 gaiety1 and the comedy spirit--all these the ,french found in ,hoffmann as in no other ,german4 ,poe was also influenced by ,hoffmann1 but ,poe's whole world is the supernatural1 and where ,hoffmann slips with fantastic but logical changes from the real to the unreal1 ,poe's metempsychosis is the real in his world and he has a deeper insight into the world of terror4 ,the difference between ,hawthorne and ,hoffmann is even more striking1 for in the ,american the supernatural is the embodiment of the ,puritan ,new ,england conscience4 ,in ,hoffmann there is no such elevation of the moral world to the rank of an atmosphere4 ,in ,hoffmann there is no out-of-doors1 no lyric love2 some of his characters are frankly insane4 ,the musical takes on a supreme significance among the sensations1 and music seemed the only art which was able to draw the soul of the man from his earth-bound habitation4 ,only in music did ,hoffmann find the ability to make the ,romantic escape from the homelessness of this existence to the all-embracing world of the unreal4 ,but too often in his works does the unreal fail to satisfy the reader4 ,there is an effort felt1 an effect sought for1 and1 while the amalgamation of the two worlds is perfect1 the world to which ,hoffmann is able to take us proves to be without the cogency which our imaginations expect4 ,here ,hoffmann fails4 ,his world of the imagination cannot always be taken seriously4 ,count ,august von ,platen-,hallermund 7#agif-ahce7 is characterized by the eternal ,romantic homelessness2 at every turn of his career this impresses one4 ,of ancient noble ,franconian stock1 he felt himself a foreigner in ,bavaria which had acquired ,franconia in the ,napoleonic period4 ,in his early life in the military academy at ,munich he was never thoroughly at home1 for his was not a military spirit and he was unable to follow his literary tastes4 ,when finally he was enabled to study at ,wrzburg and ,erlangen1 even the friendship of ,schelling could not compensate for the late beginning of a university career which was filled with the study of modern ,european and ,oriental languages but which had the bitterest personal disappointments4 ,even in ,italy1 the land of every ,german poet's dreams1 ,platen never felt himself at home1 and the pictures of him from his ,italian life are of a tragic1 lonesome figure4 ,the discord between body and soul1 that homelessness in one's own physical body which characterized ,hoffmann and made him seem diabolical to so many1 is also to be noted in ,platen4 ,carried over to the moral world1 it accounts for his ardent cultivation of friendship rather than love1 and frees him from the bitter accusations of ,heine1 whose attack in ,the ,baths of ,lucca is one of the most scurrilous and venomous pasquils in all literary history4 ,finally1 in the esthetic world1 ,platen seems largely un-,german4 ,his esthetics were of the ,classical and ,renaissance times2 in an age of the breaking down of conventions and of literary revolutions1 ,platen held himself rigidly aristocratic2 he clung to a canon of beauty in an age which was giving birth to realism4 ,platen's poetry falls into two periods--the early ,german tentative period and the later or foreign period1 the poems of which were mostly written in ,italy and in imitation of1 or adapted from1 foreign metres4 ,platen is always represented as a master of form1 and1 since ,jacob ,grimm's characterization of him1 has been accused of marble coldness4 ,that ,platen handled difficult metres with virtuosity is not to be laid against him2 it is to the advantage of ,german verse that such poems as his ghasels made indigenous1 in part1 the feeling for mere beauty in verse4 ,german poets have too often gone the road of mere formlessness4 ,platen cultivated style1 polished and revised his lines with as great care as did his arch-enemy ,heine1 and it is only a confession of lack of ear to refuse him the name of poet4 ,no one who reads his ,polish ,songs can help feeling that they are the products of fire and inspiration4 ,it must be confessed1 however1 that there is in ,platen a remarkable lack of inner experience4 ,he went through life without ever having been shaken to the depths of his nature and was1 unfortunately1 not of so ,olympian a calmness that1 like ,goethe1 he could present the world in plastic repose and sublimity4 ,with all his refinement and fervor he has left but few poems of lasting interest1 and of these ,the ,grave in the ,busento is perhaps the best4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,magic ,,horn ,,ludwig ,,achim ,,von ,,arnim ,,and ,,clemens ,,brentano 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,boy',s ,,magic ,,horn#g 7#ahjf7 ,,were ,i ,a ,,little ,,bird ,were ,i a little bird1 ,and had two little wings1 ,i'd fly to thee2 ,but ,i must stay1 because ,that cannot be4 ,though ,i be far from thee1 ,in sleep ,i dwell with thee1 ,thy voice ,i hear4 ,but when ,i wake again1 ,then all is drear4 ,each nightly hour my heart ,with thoughts of thee will start ,when ,i'm alone2 ,for thou 'st a thousand times ,pledged me thine own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mountaineer ,oh1 would ,i were a falcon wild1 ,i should spread my wings and soar2 ,then ,i should come a-swooping down ,by a wealthy burgher's door4 ,in his house there dwells a maiden1 ,she is called fair ,magdalene1 ,and a fairer brown-eyed damsel ,all my days ,i have not seen4 ,on a ,monday morning early1 ,monday morning1 they relate1 ,magdalene was seen a-walking ,through the city's northern gate4 ,then the maidens said3 ,thy pardon-- ,magdalene1 where wouldst thou go8 ,oh1 into my father's garden1 ,where ,i went the night1 you know4 ,and when she to the garden came1 ,and straight into the garden ran1 ,there lay beneath the linden-tree ,asleep1 a young and comely man4 ,wake up1 young man1 be stirring1 ,oh rise1 for time is dear1 ,i hear the keys a-rattling1 ,and mother will be here4 ,hearst thou her keys a-rattling1 ,and thy mother must be nigh1 ,then o'er the heath this minute ,oh come with me1 and fly6 ,and as they wandered o'er the heath1 ,there for these twain was spread1 ,a shady linden-tree beneath1 ,a silken bridal-bed4 ,and three half hours together1 ,they lay upon the bed4 ,turn round1 turn round1 brown maiden2 ,give me thy lips so red6 ,thou sayst so much of turning round1 ,but naught of wedded troth1 ,i fear me ,i have slept away ,my faith and honor both4 ,and fearest thou1 thou hast slept away ,thy faith and honor too1 ,i say ,i'll wed thee yet1 my dear1 ,so thou shalt never rue4 ,who was it sang this little lay1 ,and sang it o'er with cheer8 ,on ,st4 ,annenberg by the town1 ,it was the mountaineer4 ,he sang it there right gaily1 ,drank mead and cool red wine1 ,beside him sat and listened ,three dainty damsels fine4 ,as many as sand-grains in the sea1 ,as many as stars in heaven be1 ,as many as beasts that dwell in fields1 ,as many as pence which money yields1 ,as much as blood in veins will flow1 ,as much as heat in fire will glow1 ,as much as leaves in woods are seen ,and little grasses in the green1 ,as many as thorns that prick on hedges1 ,as grains of wheat that harvest pledges1 ,as much as clover in meadows fair1 ,as dust a-flying in the air1 ,as many as fish in streams are found1 ,and shells upon the ocean's ground1 ,and drops that in the sea must go1 ,as many as flakes that shine in snow-- ,as much1 as manifold as life abounds both far and nigh1 ,so much1 so many times1 for e'er1 oh thank the ,lord on high6 ,illustration3 ,,ludwig ,,achim ,,von ,,arnim ,strhling ,illustration3 ,,clemens ,,brentano ,e4 ,linder 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,swiss ,,deserter ,at ,strassburg in the fort ,all woe began for me ,the ,alpine bugle's call enticed me o'er1 ,i had to swim to my dear country's shore2 ,that should not be4 ,one hour 'twas in the night1 ,they took me in my plight1 ,and led me straightway to the captain's door4 ,o ,god1 they caught me in the stream--what more8 ,now all is o'er4 ,tomorrow morn at ten ,the regiment ,i'll have to face2 ,they'll lead me there to beg for grace4 ,i'll have my just reward1 ,i know4 ,it must be so4 ,ye brothers1 all ye men1 ,ye'll never see me here again2 ,the shepherd boy1 ,i say1 began it all1 ,and ,i accuse the ,alpine bugle-call ,of this my fall4 ,i pray ye1 brothers three1 ,come on and shoot at me2 ,fear not my tender life to hurt1 ,shoot on and let the red blood spurt-- ,come on1 ,i say6 ,o ,lord of heaven1 on high6 ,take my poor erring soul ,unto its heavenly goal2 ,there let it stay forever-- ,forget me never6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,tailor ,,in ,,hell ,a tailor 'gan to wander ,one ,monday morning fair1 ,and then he met the devil1 ,whose feet and legs were bare3 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,come now with me to hell--oh1 ,and measure clothes for us to wear1 ,for what we will1 is well1 oh6 ,the tailor measured1 then he took ,his scissors long1 and clipped ,the devils' little tails all off1 ,and to and fro they skipped4 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,now hie thee out of hell--oh1 ,we do not need this clipping1 sir1 ,for what we will1 is well1 oh6 ,the tailor took his iron out1 ,and tossed it in the fire2 ,the devils' wrinkles then he pressed2 ,their screams were something dire4 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,begone now from our hell--oh1 ,we do not need this pressing1 ,for what we will1 is well1 oh6 ,keep still6 he said and pierced their heads ,with a bodkin from his sack4 ,this way we put the buttons on1 ,for that's our tailor's knack6 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,now get thee out of hell--oh1 ,we do not need this dressing1 ,for what we will1 is well1 oh6 ,with thimble and with needle then ,his stitching he began1 ,and closed the devils' nostrils up ,as tight as e'er one can4 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,now his thee out of hell--oh1 ,we cannot use our noses1 ,do what we will for smell1 oh6 ,then he began to cut away-- ,it must have made them smart2 ,with all his might the tailor ripped ,the devils' ears apart4 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,now march away from hell--oh1 ,we else should need a doctor1 ,if what we will were well--oh6 ,and last of all came ,lucifer ,and cried3 ,what horror fell6 ,no devil has his little tail2 ,so drive him out of hell4 ,hallo1 thou tailor-fellow1 ,now his thee out of hell--oh1 ,we need to wear no clothes at all-- ,for what we will1 is well1 oh6 ,and when the tailor's sack was packed1 ,he felt so very well--oh6 ,he hopped and skipped without dismay ,and had a laughing spell1 oh6 ,and hurried out of hell--oh1 ,and stayed a tailor-fellow2 ,and the devil will catch no tailor now1 ,let him steal1 as he will--it is well1 though6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,reaper ,walter ,crane 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,reaper ,there is a reaper1 ,death his name2 ,his might from ,god the highest came4 ,today his knife he'll whet1 ',twill cut far better yet2 ,soon he will come and mow1 ,and we must bear the woe-- ,beware1 fair flower6 ,the flowers fresh and green today1 ,tomorrow will be mowed away ,narcissus so white1 ,the meadows' delight1 ,the hyacinthias pale ,and morning-glories frail-- ,beware1 fair flower6 ,full many thousand blossoms blithe ,must fall beneath his deadly scythe3 ,roses and lilies pure1 ,your end is all too sure6 ,imperial lilies rare ,he will not spare-- ,beware1 fair flower6 ,the bluet wee1 of heaven's hue1 ,the tulips white and yellow too1 ,the dainty silver bell1 ,the golden phlox as well-- ,all sink upon the earth4 ,oh1 what a sorry dearth6 ,beware1 fair flower6 ,sweet lavender of lovely scent1 ,and rosemary1 dear ornament1 ,sword-lilies proud1 unfurled1 ,and basil1 quaintly curled1 ,and fragile violet blue-- ,he soon will seize you too6 ,beware1 fair flower6 ,death1 ,i defy thee6 ,hasten near ,with one great sweep--,i have no fear6 ,though hurt1 ,i'll stay undaunted1 ,for ,i shall be transplanted ,into the garden by heaven's gate1 ,the heavenly garden we all await4 ,rejoice1 fair flower6 ,,jacob ,,and ,,wilhelm ,,grimm 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fairy ,,tales#h 7#ahab7 ,,translated ,,and ,,edited ,,by ,,margaret ,,hunt ,,the ,,frog-,,king1 ,,or ,,iron ,,henry ,in old times1 when wishing still helped one1 there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful1 but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself1 which has seen so much1 was astonished whenever it shone in her face4 ,close by the ,king's castle lay a great dark forest1 and under an old lime-tree in the forest was a well1 and when the day was warm the ,king's child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain1 and when she was dull she took a golden ball and threw it up high and caught it1 and this ball was her favorite plaything4 ,now it so happened that1 on one occasion1 the princess' golden ball did not fall into the little hand which she was holding up for it1 but onto the ground beyond1 and rolled straight into the water4 ,the ,king's daughter followed it with her eyes1 but it vanished1 and the well was deep so deep that the bottom could not be seen4 ,on this she began to cry1 and cried louder and louder1 and could not be comforted4 ,and as she thus lamented1 some one said to her3 ,what ails thee1 ,king's daughter8 ,thou weepest so that even a stone would show pity4 ,she looked around to the side from whence the voice came1 and saw a frog stretching forth its thick1 ugly head from the water4 ,ah6 old water-splasher1 is it thou8 asked she2 ,i am weeping for my golden ball1 which has fallen into the well4 ,illustration3 ,,jacob ,,grimm ,e4 ,hader ,illustration3 ,,william ,,grimm ,e4 ,hader ,be quiet1 and do not weep1 answered the frog2 ,i can help thee2 but what wilt thou give me if ,i bring thy plaything up again8 ,whatever thou wilt have1 dear frog1 said she--my clothes1 my pearls and jewels1 and even the golden crown which ,i am wearing4 ,the frog answered1 ,i do not care for thy clothes1 thy pearls and jewels1 or thy golden crown1 but if thou wilt love me and let me be thy companion and play-fellow1 and sit by thee at thy little table1 and eat off thy little golden plate1 and drink out of thy little cup1 and sleep in thy little bed--if thou wilt promise me this ,i will go down below and bring thee thy golden ball again4 ,oh1 yes1 said she1 ,i promise thee all thou wishest1 if thou wilt but bring me my ball back again4 ,she1 how ever1 thought1 ,how the silly frog does talk6 ,he lives in the water with the other frogs and croaks1 and can be no companion to any human being6 ,but the frog1 when he had received this promise1 put his head into the water and sank down1 and in a short time came swimming up again with the ball in his mouth1 and threw it on the grass4 ,the ,king's daughter was delighted to see her pretty plaything once more1 and picked it up1 and ran away with it4 ,wait1 wait1 said the frog2 take me with thee2 ,i can't run as thou canst4 ,but what did it avail him to scream his croak1 croak1 after her1 as loudly as he could8 ,she did not listen to it1 but ran home and soon forgot the poor frog1 who was forced to go back into his well again4 ,the next day1 when she had seated herself at the table with the ,king and all the courtiers and was eating from her little golden plate1 something came creeping splish splash1 splish splash1 up the marble staircase1 and when it had got to the top1 it knocked at the door and cried1 ,princess1 youngest princess1 open the door for me4 ,she ran to see who was outside1 but when she opened the door1 there sat the frog in front of it4 ,then she slammed the door to1 in great haste1 sat down to dinner again1 and was quite frightened4 ,the ,king saw plainly that her heart was beating violently1 and said1 ,my child1 what art thou so afraid of8 ,is there perchance a giant outside who wants to carry thee away8 ,ah1 no1 replied she1 it is no giant1 but a disgusting frog4 ,what does the frog want with thee8 ,ah1 dear father1 yesterday when ,i was in the forest sitting by the well1 playing1 my golden ball fell into the water4 ,and because ,i cried so the frog brought it out again for me1 and because he insisted so on it1 ,i promised him he should be my companion2 but ,i never thought he would be able to come out of his water6 ,and now he is outside there1 and wants to come in to me4 ,in the meantime it knocked a second time1 and cried ,princess6 youngest princess6 ,open the door for me6 ,dost thou not know what thou saidst to me ,yesterday by the cool waters of the fountain6 ,princess1 youngest princess6 ,open the door for me6 ,then said the ,king1 ,that which thou has promised must thou perform4 ,go and let him in4 ,she went and opened the door1 and the frog hopped in and followed her1 step by step1 to her chair4 ,there he sat still and cried1 ,lift me up beside thee4 ,she delayed1 until at last the ,king commanded her to do it4 ,when the frog was once on the chair he wanted to be on the table1 and when he was on the table he said1 ,now1 push thy little golden plate nearer to me that we may eat together4 ,she did this1 but it was easy to see that she did not do it willingly4 ,the frog enjoyed what he ate1 but almost every mouthful she took choked her4 ,at length he said1 ,i have eaten and am satisfied2 now ,i am tired1 carry me into thy little room and make thy little silken bed ready1 and we will both lie down and go to sleep4 ,the ,king's daughter began to cry1 for she was afraid of the cold frog which she did not like to touch1 and which was now to sleep in her pretty1 clean little bed4 ,but the ,king grew angry and said1 ,he who helped thee when thou wert in trouble ought not afterward to be despised by thee4 ,so she took hold of the frog with two fingers1 carried him upstairs1 and put him in a corner4 ,but when she was in bed he crept to her and said1 ,i am tired1 ,i want to sleep as well as thou2 lift me up or ,i will tell thy father4 ,then she was terribly angry1 and took him up and threw him with all her might against the wall4 ,now thou wilt be quiet1 odious frog1 said she4 ,but when he fell down he was no frog but a king's son with beautiful kind eyes4 ,he by her father's will was now her dear companion and husband4 ,then he told her how he had been bewitched by a wicked witch1 and how no one could have delivered him from the well but herself1 and that tomorrow they would go together into his kingdom4 ,then they went to sleep1 and next morning when the sun awoke them1 a carriage came driving up with eight white horses1 which had white ostrich feathers on their heads1 and were harnessed with golden chains1 and behind stood the young ,king's servant1 faithful ,henry4 ,faithful ,henry had been so unhappy when his master was changed into a frog that he had caused three iron bands to be laid round his heart1 lest it should burst with grief and sadness4 ,the carriage was to conduct the young ,king into his kingdom4 ,faithful ,henry helped them both in1 and placed himself behind again1 and was full of joy because of this deliverance4 ,and when they had driven a part of the way1 the ,king's son heard a crackling behind him as if something had broken4 ,so he turned round and cried1 ,henry1 the carriage is breaking4 ,no1 master1 it is not the carriage4 ,it is a band from my heart1 which was put there in my great pain when you were a frog and imprisoned in the well4 ,again and once again while they were on their way something cracked1 and each time the ,king's son thought the carriage was breaking2 but it was only the bands which were springing from the heart of faithful ,henry because his master was set free and was happy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,wolf ,,and ,,the ,,seven ,,little ,,kids ,there was once on a time an old goat who had seven little kids1 and she loved them with all the love of a mother for her children4 ,one day she wanted to go into the forest and fetch some food4 ,so she called all seven to her and said1 ,dear children1 ,i have to go into the forest2 be on your guard against the wolf2 if he comes in1 he will devour you all--skin1 hair1 and everything4 ,the wretch often disguises himself1 but you will know him at once by his rough voice and his black feet4 ,the kids said1 ,dear mother1 we will take good care of ourselves2 you may go away without any anxiety4 ,then the old one bleated and went on her way with an easy mind4 ,it was not long before some one knocked at the house door1 and cried1 ,open the door1 dear children2 your mother is here1 and has brought something back with her for each of you4 ,but the little kids knew that it was the wolf1 by the rough voice4 ,we will not open the door1 cried they2 thou art not our mother4 ,she has a soft1 pleasant voice1 but thy voice is rough2 thou art the wolf6 ,then the wolf went away to a shopkeeper and bought himself a great lump of chalk1 ate this1 and made his voice soft with it4 ,then he came back1 knocked at the door of the house1 and cried1 ,open the door1 dear children2 your mother is here and has brought something back with her for each of you4 ,but the wolf had laid his black paws against the window1 and the children saw them and cried1 ,we will not open the door2 our mother has not black feet like thee2 thou art the wolf6 ,then the wolf ran to a baker and said1 ,i have hurt my feet1 rub some dough over them for me4 ,and when the baker had rubbed his feet over1 he ran to the miller and said1 ,strew some white meal over my feet for me4 ,the miller thought to himself1 ,the wolf wants to deceive some one1 and refused2 but the wolf said1 ,if thou wilt not do it1 ,i will devour thee4 ,then the miller was afraid1 and made his paws white for him4 ,truly men are like that4 ,so now the wretch went for the third time to the house door1 knocked at it1 and said1 ,open the door for me1 children2 your dear little mother has come home1 and has brought every one of you something back from the forest with her4 ,the little kids cried1 ,first show us thy paws that we may know if thou art our dear little mother4 ,then he put his paws in through the window1 and when the kids saw that they were white1 they believed that all he said was true1 and opened the door4 ,but who should come in but the wolf6 ,they were terrified and wanted to hide themselves4 ,one sprang under the table1 the second into the bed1 the third into the stove1 the fourth into the kitchen1 the fifth into the cupboard1 the sixth under the washing-bowl1 and the seventh into the clock-case4 ,but the wolf found them all1 and used no great ceremony2 one after the other he swallowed them down his throat4 ,the youngest in the clock-case was the only one he did not find4 ,when the wolf had satisfied his appetite he took himself off1 laid himself down under a tree in the green meadow outside1 and went to sleep4 ,soon afterward the old goat came home again from the forest4 ,ah6 what a sight she saw there6 ,the house door stood wide open4 ,the table1 chairs1 and benches were thrown down1 the washing-bowl lay broken to pieces1 and the quilts and pillows were pulled off the bed4 ,she sought her children1 but they were nowhere to be found4 ,she called them one after another by name1 but no one answered4 ,at last1 when she came to the youngest1 a soft voice cried1 ,dear mother1 ,i am in the clock-case4 ,she took the kid out1 and it told her that the wolf had come and had eaten all the others4 ,then you may imagine how she wept over her poor children4 ,at length in her grief she went out1 and the youngest kid ran with her4 ,when they came to the meadow1 there lay the wolf by the tree snoring so loud that the branches shook4 ,she looked at him on every side and saw that something was moving and struggling in his gorged body4 ,ah1 heavens6 said she1 is it possible that my poor children1 whom he has swallowed down for his supper1 can be still alive8 ,then the kid had to run home and fetch scissors1 and a needle and thread1 and the goat cut open the monster's stomach4 ,hardly had she made one cut than one little kid thrust its head out2 and1 when she had cut further1 all six sprang out one after another4 ,they were all still alive and had suffered no injury whatever1 for in his greediness the monster had swallowed them down whole4 ,what rejoicing there was6 ,then they embraced their dear mother1 and jumped like a tailor at his wedding4 ,the mother1 however1 said1 ,now go and look for some big stones1 and we will fill the wicked beast's stomach with them while he is still asleep4 ,then the seven kids dragged the stones thither with all speed1 and put as many of them into his stomach as they could get in2 and the mother sewed him up again in the greatest haste1 so that he was not aware of anything1 and never once stirred4 ,when the wolf at length had had his sleep out1 he got on his legs1 and1 as the stones in his stomach made him very thirsty1 he wanted to go to a well to drink4 ,but when he began to walk and to move about1 the stones in his stomach knocked against one another and rattled4 ,then cried he-- ,what rumbles and tumbles ,against my poor bones8 ,i thought 'twas six kids1 ,but it's naught but big stones4 ,and when he got to the well and stooped over the water and was just about to drink1 the heavy stones made him fall in and there was no help1 but he had to drown miserably4 ,when the seven kids saw that1 they came running to the spot1 and cried aloud1 ,the wolf is dead6 ,the wolf is dead6 and danced for joy round about the well with their mother4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rapunzel ,there were once a man and a woman who had long in vain wished for a child4 ,at length the woman hoped that ,god was about to grant her desire4 ,these people had a little window at the back of their house from which a splendid garden could be seen1 which was full of the most beautiful flowers and herbs4 ,it was1 however1 surrounded by a high wall1 and no one dared to go into it because it belonged to an enchantress1 who had great power and was dreaded by all the world4 ,one day the woman was standing by this window and looking down into the garden1 when she saw a bed which was planted with the most beautiful rampion 7rapunzel71 and it looked so fresh and green that she longed for it1 and had the greatest desire to eat some4 ,this desire increased every day1 and as she knew that she could not get any of it1 she quite pined away and looked pale and miserable4 ,then her husband was alarmed1 and asked1 ,what aileth thee1 dear wife8 ,ah1 she replied1 if ,i can't get some of the rampion1 which is in the garden behind our house1 to eat1 ,i shall die4 ,the man1 who loved her1 thought1 ,sooner than let my wife die1 ,i will bring her some of the rampion myself1 let it cost me what it will4 ,in the twilight of evening1 he clambered down over the wall into the garden of the enchantress1 hastily clutched a handful of rampion1 and took it to his wife4 ,she at once made herself a salad of it and ate it with much relish4 ,she1 however1 liked it so much1 so very much1 that the next day she longed for it three times as much as before1 and1 if he was to have any rest1 her husband must once more descend into the garden4 ,in the gloom of evening1 therefore1 he let himself down again2 but when he had clambered down the wall he was terribly afraid1 for he saw the enchantress standing before him4 ,how canst thou dare1 said she with angry look1 to descend into my garden and steal my rampion like a thief8 ,thou shalt suffer for it6 ,ah1 answered he1 let mercy take the place of justice2 ,i only made up my mind to do it out of necessity4 ,my wife saw your rampion from the window1 and felt such a longing for it that she would have died if she had not got some to eat4 ,then the enchantress allowed her anger to be softened1 and said to him1 ,if the case be as thou sayest1 ,i will allow thee to take away with thee as much rampion as thou wilt1 only ,i make one condition--thou must give me the child which thy wife will bring into the world2 it shall be well treated and ,i will care for it like a mother4 ,the man in his terror consented to everything1 and when the woman was brought to bed1 the enchantress appeared at once1 gave the child the name of ,rapunzel1 and took it away with her4 ,rapunzel grew into the most beautiful child beneath the sun4 ,when she was twelve years old1 the enchantress shut her into a tower which lay in a forest and had neither stairs nor door1 but quite at the top was a little window4 ,when the enchantress wanted to go in1 she placed herself beneath this1 and cried cried-- ,rapunzel1 ,rapunzel1 ,let down thy hair to me4 ,rapunzel had magnificent long hair1 fine as spun gold1 and when she heard the voice of the enchantress she unfastened her braided tresses1 wound them round one of the hooks of the window above1 and then the hair fell twenty ells down1 and the enchantress climbed up by it4 ,after a year or two1 it came to pass that the ,king's son rode through the forest and went by the tower2 there he heard a song1 which was so charming that he stood still and listened4 ,this was ,rapunzel1 who in her solitude passed her time in letting her sweet voice resound4 ,the ,king's son wanted to climb up to her1 and looked for the door of the tower1 but none was to be found4 ,he rode home1 but the singing had so deeply touched his heart that every day he went out into the forest and listened to it4 ,once1 when he was thus standing behind a tree1 he saw that an enchantress came there1 and he heard how she cried-- ,rapunzel1 ,rapunzel1 ,let down thy hair4 ,then ,rapunzel let down the braids of her hair1 and the enchantress climbed up to her4 ,if that is the ladder by which one mounts1 ,i will for once try my fortune1 said he2 and the next day when it began to grow dark1 he went to the tower and cried-- ,rapunzel1 ,rapunzel1 ,let down thy hair4 ,immediately the hair fell down and the ,king's son climbed up4 ,at first ,rapunzel was terribly frightened when a man such as her eyes had never yet beheld came to her2 but the ,king's son began to talk to her quite like a friend1 and told her that his heart had been so stirred that it had let him have no rest1 and he had been forced to see her4 ,then ,rapunzel lost her fear1 and when he asked her if she would take him for her husband1 and she saw that he was young and handsome1 she thought1 ,he will love me more than old ,dame ,gothel does2 and she said yes1 and laid her hand in his4 ,she said1 ,i will willingly go away with thee1 but ,i do not know how to get down4 ,bring with thee a skein of silk every time that thou comest1 and ,i will weave a ladder with it1 and when that is ready ,i will descend1 and thou wilt take me on thy horse4 ,they agreed that1 until that time1 he should always come to see her in the evening1 for the old woman came by day4 ,the enchantress remarked nothing of this1 until once ,rapunzel said to her1 ,tell me1 ,dame ,gothel1 how it happens that you are so much heavier for me to draw up than the young ,king's son--he is with me in a moment4 ,ah6 thou wicked child1 cried the enchantress1 what do ,i hear thee say8 ,i thought ,i had separated thee from all the world1 and yet thou hast deceived me6 ,in her anger she clutched ,rapunzel's beautiful tresses1 wrapped them twice round her left hand1 seized a pair of scissors with the right1 and1 snip1 snap1 they were cut off1 and the lovely braids lay on the ground4 ,and she was so pitiless that she took poor ,rapunzel into a desert where she had to live in great grief and misery4 ,on the same day1 however1 that she cast out ,rapunzel1 the enchantress in the evening fastened the braids of hair which she had cut off to the hook of the window1 and when the ,king's son came and cried cried-- ,rapunzel1 ,rapunzel1 ,let down thy hair1 she let the hair down4 ,the ,king's son ascended1 but he did not find his dearest ,rapunzel above-only the enchantress1 who gazed at him with wicked and venomous looks4 ,aha6 she cried mockingly1 thou wouldst fetch thy dearest1 but the beautiful bird sits no longer singing in the nest2 the cat has got it1 and will scratch out thy eyes as well4 ,rapunzel is lost to thee2 thou wilt never see her more4 ,the ,king's son was beside himself with pain1 and in his despair leapt down from the tower4 ,he escaped with his life1 but the thorns into which he fell pierced his eyes4 ,then he wandered quite blind about the forest1 ate nothing but roots and berries1 and did nothing but lament and weep over the loss of his dearest wife4 ,thus he roamed about in misery for some years1 and at length came to the desert where ,rapunzel1 with the twins to which she had given birth1 a boy and a girl1 lived in wretchedness4 ,he heard a voice1 and it seemed so familiar to him that he went toward it1 and1 when he approached1 ,rapunzel knew him and fell on his neck and wept4 ,two of her tears wetted his eyes and they grew clear again so that he could see with them as before4 ,he led her to his kingdom where he was joyfully received1 and they lived for a long time afterward1 happy and contented4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,haensel ,,and ,,grethel ,hard by a great forest dwelt a poor wood-cutter with his wife and his two children4 ,the boy was called ,haensel and the girl ,grethel4 ,he had little to bite and to break1 and once1 when great scarcity fell on the land1 he could no longer procure daily bread4 ,now when he thought over this by night in his bed1 and tossed about in his anxiety1 he groaned and said to his wife1 ,what is to become of us8 ,how are we to feed our poor children when we no longer have anything even for ourselves8 ,i'll tell you what1 husband1 answered the woman1 early tomorrow morning we will take the children out into the forest to where it is the thickest1 and there we will light a fire for them1 and give each of them one piece of bread more2 then we will go to our work and leave them alone4 ,they will not find the way home again1 and we shall be rid of them4 ,no1 wife1 said the man1 ,i will not do that2 how can ,i bear to leave my children alone in the forest8 ,the wild animals would soon come and tear them to pieces4 ,o1 thou fool6 said she1 then we must all four die of hunger and thou mayest as well plane the planks for our coffins2 and she left him no peace until he consented4 ,but ,i feel very sorry for the poor children1 all the same1 said the man4 ,illustration3 ,h,,nsel ,,and ,,grethel ,ludwig ,richter ,the two children had also not been able to sleep for hunger1 and had heard what their step-mother had said to their father4 ,grethel wept bitter tears1 and said to ,haensel1 ,now all is over with us4 ,be quiet1 ,grethel1 said ,haensel4 ,do not distress thyself1 ,i will soon find a way to help us4 ,and when the old folks had fallen asleep1 he got up1 put on his coat1 opened the door below1 and crept outside4 ,the moon shone brightly and the white pebbles which lay in front of the house glittered like real silver pennies4 ,haensel stooped and put as many of them in the little pocket of his coat as he could possibly get in4 ,then he went back and said to ,grethel1 ,be comforted1 dear little sister1 and sleep in peace2 ,god will not forsake us2 and he lay down again in his bed4 ,when day dawned1 but before the sun had risen1 the woman came and awoke the two children1 saying1 ,get up1 you sluggards6 we are going into the forest to fetch wood4 ,she gave each a little piece of bread1 and said1 ,there is something for your dinner1 but do not eat it up before then1 for you will get nothing else4 ,grethel took the bread under her apron1 as ,haensel had the stones in his pocket4 ,then they all set out together on the way to the forest4 ,when they1 had walked a short time1 ,haensel stood still and peeped back at the house1 and did so again and again4 ,his father said1 ,haensel1 what art thou looking at there and staying behind for8 ,mind what thou art about1 and do not forget how to use thy legs4 ,ah1 father1 said ,haensel1 ,i am looking at my little white cat1 which is sitting upon the roof1 and wants to say good-bye to me4 ,the wife said1 ,fool1 that is not thy little cat2 that is the morning sun which is shining on the chimneys4 ,haensel1 however1 had not been looking back at the cat1 but had been constantly throwing one of the white pebble-stones out of his pocket on the road4 ,when they had reached the middle of the forest1 the father said1 ,now1 children1 pile up some wood1 and ,i will light a fire that you may not be cold4 ,haensel and ,grethel gathered brushwood together1 as high as a little hill4 ,the brushwood was lighted1 and when the flames were burning very high the woman said1 ,now1 children1 lay yourselves down by the fire and rest and we will go into the forest and cut some wood4 ,when we have done1 we will come back and fetch you away4 ,haensel and ,grethel sat by the fire1 and1 when noon came1 each ate a little piece of bread1 but1 as they heard the strokes of the wood-axe1 they believed that their father was near4 ,it was1 however1 not the axe2 it was a branch which he had fastened to a withered tree which the wind was blowing backward and forward2 and1 as they had been sitting such a long time1 their eyes shut with fatigue and they fell fast asleep4 ,when at last they awoke it was already dark night4 ,grethel began to cry and said1 ,how are we to get out of the forest now8 ,but ,haensel comforted her and said1 ,just wait a little1 until the moon has risen1 and then we will soon find the way4 ,and when the full moon had risen1 ,haensel took his little sister by the hand and followed the pebbles1 which shone like newly-coined silver pieces and showed them the way4 ,they walked the whole night long1 and by break of day came once more to their father's house4 ,they knocked at the door1 and when the woman opened it and saw that it was ,haensel and ,grethel1 she said1 ,you naughty children1 why have you slept so long in the forest8 ,we thought you were never coming back at all6 ,the father1 however1 rejoiced1 for it had cut him to the heart to leave them behind alone4 ,not long afterward1 there was once more great scarcity in all parts1 and the children heard their mother saying at night to their father1 ,everything is eaten again2 we have one-half loaf left1 and after that there is an end4 ,the children must go4 ,we will take them farther into the wood1 so that they will not find their way out again2 there is no other means of saving ourselves6 ,the man's heart was heavy1 and he thought1 ,it would be better for thee to share the last mouthful with thy children4 ,the woman1 however1 would listen to nothing that he had to say1 but scolded and reproached him4 ,he who says ,a must say ,b likewise1 and1 as he had yielded the first time1 he had to do so a second time also4 ,the children were1 however1 still awake and had heard the conversation4 ,when the old folks were asleep1 ,haensel again got up1 and wanted to go out and pick up pebbles2 but the woman had locked the door1 and ,haensel could not get out4 ,nevertheless he comforted his little sister1 and said1 ,do not cry1 ,grethel1 go to sleep quietly4 ,the good ,god will help us4 ,early in the morning came the woman1 and took the children out of their beds4 ,their bit of bread was given to them1 but it was still smaller than the time before4 ,on the way into the forest ,haensel crumbled his in his pocket1 and often stood still and threw a morsel on the ground4 ,haensel1 why dost thou stop and look around8 asked the father2 go on4 ,i am looking back at my little pigeon which is sitting on the roof1 and wants to say good-bye to me1 answered ,haensel4 ,simpleton6 said the woman1 that is not thy little pigeon1 that is the morning sun that is shining on the chimney4 ,haensel1 however1 little by little1 threw all the crumbs on the path4 ,the woman led the children still deeper into the forest1 where they had never in their lives been before4 ,then a great fire was again made1 and the mother said1 ,just sit there1 you children1 and when you are tired you may sleep a little2 we are going into the forest to cut wood1 and in the evening1 when we are done1 we will come and fetch you away4 ,when it was noon1 ,grethel shared her piece of bread with ,haensel1 who had scattered his by the way4 ,then they fell asleep and evening came and went1 but no one came to the poor children4 ,they did not awake until it was dark night2 but ,haensel comforted his little sister and said1 ,just wait1 ,grethel1 until the moon rises1 and then we shall see the crumbs of bread which ,i have strewn about4 ,they will show us our way home again4 ,when the moon rose they set out1 but they found no crumbs1 for the many thousands of birds which fly about in the woods and fields had picked them all up4 ,haensel said to ,grethel1 ,we shall soon find the way1 but they did not find it4 ,they walked the whole night and all the next day too1 from morning till evening1 but they did not get out of the forest1 and were very hungry1 for they had nothing to eat but two or three berries which grew on the ground4 ,and as they were so weary that their legs would carry them no longer1 they lay down beneath a tree and fell asleep4 ,it was now three mornings since they had left their father's house4 ,they began to walk again1 but they always got so much deeper into the forest that1 if help did not come soon1 they must die of hunger and weariness4 ,when it was mid-day1 they saw a beautiful snow-white bird sitting on a bough1 which sang so delightfully that they stood still and listened to it4 ,and when it had finished its song1 it spread its wings and flew away before them1 and they followed it until they reached a little house1 on the roof of which it alighted2 and when they came quite up to the little house they saw that it was built of bread and covered with cakes1 and that the windows were of clear sugar4 ,we will set to work on that1 said ,haensel1 and have a good meal4 ,i will eat a bit of the roof1 and thou1 ,grethel1 canst eat some of the window2 it will taste sweet4 ,haensel reached up above1 and broke off a little of the roof to try how it tasted1 and ,grethel leant against the window and nibbled at the panes4 ,then a soft voice cried from the room-- ,nibble1 nibble1 gnaw1 ,who is nibbling at my little house8 ,the children answered-- ,the wind1 the wind1 ,the heaven-born wind1 and went on eating without disturbing themselves4 ,haensel1 who thought the roof tasted very nice1 tore down a great piece of it1 and ,grethel pushed out the whole of one round window-pane1 sat down1 and enjoyed herself with it4 ,suddenly the door opened1 and a very1 very old woman1 who supported herself on crutches1 came creeping out4 ,haensel and ,grethel were so terribly frightened that they let fall what they had in their hands4 ,the old woman1 however1 nodded her head1 and said1 ,oh1 you dear children1 who has brought you here8 ,do come in1 and stay with me4 ,no harm shall happen to you4 ,she took them both by the hand1 and led them into her little house4 ,then good food was set before them1 milk and pancakes1 with sugar1 apples1 and nuts4 ,afterward two pretty little beds were covered with clean white linen1 and ,haensel and ,grethel lay down in them1 and thought they were in heaven4 ,the old woman had only pretended to be so kind2 she was in reality a wicked witch1 who lay in wait for children1 and had only built the little bread house in order to entice them there4 ,when a child fell into her power1 she killed it1 cooked and ate it1 and that was a feast day with her4 ,witches have red eyes1 and cannot see far1 but they have a keen scent1 like the beasts1 and are aware when human beings draw near4 ,when ,haensel and ,grethel came into her neighborhood1 she laughed maliciously1 and said mockingly1 ,i have them2 they shall not escape me again6 ,early in the morning1 before the children were awake1 she was already up1 and when she saw both of them sleeping and looking so pretty1 with their plump red cheeks1 she muttered to herself1 ,that will be a dainty mouthful6 ,then she seized ,haensel with her shriveled hand1 carried him into a little stable1 and shut him in with a grated door4 ,he might scream as he liked1 that was of no use4 ,then she went to ,grethel1 shook her till she awoke1 and cried1 ,get up1 lazy thing1 fetch some water1 and cook something good for thy brother2 he is in the stable outside1 and is to be made fat4 ,when he is fat1 ,i will eat him4 ,grethel began to weep bitterly1 but it was all in vain2 she was forced to do what the wicked witch ordered her4 ,and now the best food was cooked for poor ,haensel1 but ,grethel got nothing but crab-shells4 ,every morning the woman crept to the little stable1 and cried1 ,haensel1 stretch out thy finger that ,i may feel if thou wilt soon be fat4 ,haensel1 however1 stretched out a little bone to her1 and the old woman1 who had dim eyes1 could not see it1 and thought it was ,haensel's finger1 and was astonished that there was no way of fattening him4 ,when four weeks had gone by1 and ,haensel still continued thin1 she was seized with impatience and would not wait any longer4 ,hola1 ,grethel1 she cried to the girl1 be active1 and bring some water4 ,let ,haensel be fat or lean1 tomorrow ,i will kill him and cook him4 ,ah1 how the poor little sister did lament when she had to fetch the water1 and how her tears did flow down over her cheeks6 ,dear ,god1 do help us6 she cried4 ,if the wild beasts in the forest had but devoured us1 we should at any rate have died together4 ,just keep thy noise to thyself1 said the old woman2 all that won't help thee at all4 ,early in the morning1 ,grethel had to go out and hang up the caldron with the water1 and light the fire4 ,we will bake first1 said the old woman2 ,i have already heated the oven1 and kneaded the dough4 ,she pushed poor ,grethel out to the oven from which flames of fire were already darting4 ,creep in1 said the witch1 and see if it is properly heated1 so that we can shut the bread in4 ,and when once ,grethel was inside1 she intended to shut the oven and let her bake in it1 and then she would eat her1 too4 ,but ,grethel saw what she had in her mind1 and said1 ,i do not know how ,i am to do it2 how do you get in8 ,silly goose1 said the old woman4 ,the door is big enough2 just look1 ,i can get in myself6 and she crept up and thrust her head into the oven4 ,then ,grethel gave her a push that drove her far into it1 and shut the iron door1 and fastened the bolt4 ,oh6 then she began to howl quite horribly1 but ,grethel ran away1 and the godless witch was miserably burnt to death4 ,grethel1 however1 ran as quick as lightning to ,haensel1 opened his little stable1 and cried1 ,haensel1 we are saved6 ,the old witch is dead6 ,then ,haensel sprang out like a bird from its cage when the door is opened for it4 ,how they did rejoice and embrace each other1 and dance about and kiss each other6 ,and as they had no longer any need to fear her1 they went into the witch's house2 and in every corner there stood chests full of pearls and jewels4 ,these are far better than pebbles6 said ,haensel1 and thrust into his pockets whatever could be got in2 and ,grethel said1 ,i1 too1 will take something home with me1 and filled her pinafore full4 ,but now we will go away1 said ,haensel1 that we may get out of the witch's forest4 ,when they had walked for two hours1 they came to a great piece of water4 ,we cannot get over1 said ,haensel1 ,i see no foot-plank1 and no bridge4 ,and no boat crosses either1 answered ,grethel1 but a white duck is swimming there2 if ,i ask her1 she will help us over4 ,then she cried-- ,little duck1 little duck1 dost thou see1 ,haensel and ,grethel are waiting for thee8 ,there's never a plank1 or bridge in sight1 ,take us across on thy back so white4 ,the duck came to them1 and ,haensel seated himself on its back1 and told his sister to sit by him4 ,no1 replied ,grethel1 that will be too heavy for the little duck2 she shall take us across1 one after the other4 ,the good little duck did so1 and when they were once safely across and had walked for a short time1 the forest seemed to be more and more familiar to them1 and at length they saw from afar their father's house4 ,then they began to run1 rushed into the parlor1 and threw themselves into their father's arms4 ,the man had not known one happy hour since he had left the children in the forest2 the woman1 however1 was dead4 ,grethel emptied her pinafore until pearls and precious stones ran about the room1 and ,haensel threw one handful after another out of his pocket to add to them4 ,then all anxiety was at an end1 and they lived together in perfect happiness4 ,my tale is done4 ,there runs a mouse2 whosoever catches it may make himself a big fur cap out of it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,fisherman ,,and ,,his ,,wife ,there was once on a time a ,fisherman who lived with his wife in a miserable hovel close by the sea1 and every day he went out fishing4 ,and once as he was sitting with his rod1 looking at the clear water1 his line suddenly went down1 far down below1 and when he drew it up again he brought out a large ,flounder4 ,then the ,flounder said to him1 ,hark1 you ,fisherman1 ,i pray you1 let me live2 ,i am no ,flounder really1 but an enchanted prince4 ,what good will it do you to kill me8 ,i should not be good to eat2 put me in the water again1 and let me go4 ,come1 said the ,fisherman1 there is no need for so many words about it--a fish that can talk ,i should certainly let go1 anyhow4 ,with that he put him back again into the clear water1 and the ,flounder went to the bottom1 leaving a long streak of blood behind him4 ,then the ,fisherman got up and went home to his wife in the hovel4 ,husband1 said the woman1 have you caught nothing today8 ,no1 said the man2 ,i did catch a ,flounder1 who said he was an enchanted prince1 so ,i let him go again4 ,did you not wish for anything first8 said the woman4 ,no1 said the man2 what should ,i wish for8 ,ah1 said the woman1 it is surely hard to have to live always in this dirty hovel4 ,you might have wished for a small cottage for us4 ,go back and call him4 ,tell him we want to have a small cottage2 he will certainly give us that4 ,ah1 said the man1 why should ,i go there again8 ,why1 said the woman1 you did catch him1 and you let him go again2 he is sure to do it4 ,go at once4 ,the man still did not quite like to go1 but did not like to oppose his wife1 either1 and so went to the sea4 ,when he got there the sea was all green and yellow1 and no longer smooth1 as before2 so he stood and said-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will4 ,then the ,flounder came swimming to him and said1 ,well1 what does she want1 then8 ,ah1 said the man1 ,i did catch you1 and my wife says ,i really ought to have wished for something4 ,she does not like to live in a wretched hovel any longer2 she would like to have a cottage4 ,go1 then1 said the ,flounder1 she has it already4 ,when the man went home1 his wife was no longer in the hovel1 but1 instead of it1 there stood a small cottage1 and she was sitting on a bench before the door4 ,then she took him by the hand and said to him1 ,just come inside1 look1 now isn't this a great deal better8 ,so they went in1 and there was a small porch1 and a pretty little parlor and bedroom and a kitchen and pantry1 with the best of furniture1 and fitted up with the most beautiful things made of tin and brass1 whatsoever was wanted4 ,and behind the cottage there was a small yard1 with hens and ducks1 and a little garden with flowers and fruit4 ,look1 said the wife1 is not that nice6 ,yes1 said the husband1 and so we must always think it2 now we will live quite contented4 ,we will think about that1 said the wife4 ,with that they ate something and went to bed4 ,everything went well for a week or a fortnight1 and then the woman said1 ,hark you1 husband1 this cottage is far too small for us1 and the garden and yard are little2 the ,flounder might just as well have given us a larger house4 ,i should like to live in a great stone castle2 go to the ,flounder1 and tell him to give us a castle4 ,ah1 wife1 said the man1 the cottage is quite good enough2 why should we live in a castle8 ,what6 said the woman2 just go there1 the ,flounder can always do that4 ,no1 wife1 said the man1 the ,flounder has just given us the cottage2 ,i do not like to go back so soon4 ,it might make him angry4 ,go1 said the woman1 he can do it quite easily1 and will be glad to do it2 just you go to him4 ,the man's heart grew heavy1 and he would not go4 ,he said to himself1 ,it is not right1 and yet he went4 ,and when he came to the sea the water was quite purple and dark-blue1 and gray and thick1 and no longer green and yellow2 but it was still quiet4 ,and he stood there and said-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will4 ,well1 what does she want1 then8 said the ,flounder4 ,alas1 said the man1 half scared1 she wants to live in a great stone castle4 ,go to it1 then1 she is standing before the door1 said the ,flounder4 ,then the man went away1 intending to go home1 but when he got there1 he found a great stone palace1 and his wife was just standing on the steps going in1 and she took him by the hand and said1 ,come in4 ,so he went in with her1 and in the castle was a great hall paved with marble1 and many servants1 who flung wide the doors2 and the walls were all bright with beautiful hangings1 and in the rooms were chairs and tables of pure gold1 and crystal chandeliers hung from the ceiling1 and all the rooms and bedrooms had carpets1 and food and wine of the very best were standing on all the tables so that they nearly broke down beneath it4 ,behind the house1 too1 there was a great courtyard1 with stables for horses and cows1 and the very best of carriages2 there was a magnificent large garden1 too1 with the most beautiful flowers and fruit-trees1 and a park quite half a mile long1 in which were stags1 deer1 and hares1 and everything that could be desired4 ,come1 said the woman1 isn't that beautiful8 ,yes1 indeed1 said the man2 now let it be2 we will live in this beautiful castle and be content4 ,we will consider about that1 said the woman1 and sleep upon it2 thereupon they went to bed4 ,next morning the wife awoke first1 and it was just daybreak1 and from her bed she saw the beautiful country lying before her4 ,her husband was still stretching himself1 so she poked him in the side with her elbow1 and said1 ,get up1 husband1 and just peep out of the window4 ,look you1 couldn't we be the ,king over all that land8 ,go to the ,flounder1 we will be the ,king4 ,ah1 wife1 said the man1 why should we be ,king8 ,i do not want to be ,king4 ,well1 said the wife1 if you won't be ,king1 ,i will2 go to the ,flounder1 for ,i will be ,king4 ,oh1 wife1 said the man1 why do you want to be ,king8 ,i do not like to say that to him4 ,why not8 asked the woman2 go to him this instant2 ,i must be ,king6 ,so the man went1 and was quite unhappy because his wife wished to be ,king4 ,it is not right2 it is not right1 thought he4 ,he did not wish to go2 but yet he went4 ,and when he came to the sea1 it was quite dark-gray1 and the water heaved up from below1 and smelt putrid4 ,then he went and stood by it1 and said-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will4 ,well1 what does she want1 then8 asked the ,flounder4 ,alas1 said the man1 she wants to be ,king4 ,go to her2 she is ,king already4 ,so the man went1 and when he came to the palace1 the castle had become much larger1 and had a great tower and magnificent ornaments1 and the sentinel was standing before the door1 and there were numbers of soldiers with kettle-drums and trumpets4 ,and when he went inside the house1 everything was of real marble and gold1 with velvet covers and great golden tassels4 ,then the doors of the hall were opened1 and there was the court in all its splendor1 and his wife was sitting on a high throne of gold and diamonds1 with a great crown of gold on her head1 and a sceptre of pure gold and jewels in her hand1 and on both sides of her stood her maids-in-waiting in a row1 each of them always one head shorter than the last4 ,then he went and stood before her1 and said1 ,ah1 wife1 and now you are ,king6 ,yes1 said the woman1 now ,i am ,king4 ,so he stood and looked at her1 and when he had looked at her thus for a time he said1 ,and now that you are ,king1 let all else be2 now we will wish for nothing more4 ,nay1 husband1 said the woman1 quite anxiously1 ,i find time pass very heavily2 ,i can bear it no longer2 go to the ,flounder4 ,i am ,king1 but ,i must be ,emperor1 too4 ,alas1 wife1 why do you wish to be ,emperor8 ,husband1 said she1 go to the ,flounder4 ,i will be ,emperor4 ,alas1 wife1 said the man1 he cannot make you ,emperor2 ,i may not say that to the fish4 ,there is only one ,emperor in the land4 ,an ,emperor the ,flounder cannot make you6 ,i assure you he cannot4 ,what6 said the woman1 ,i am the ,king1 and you are nothing but my husband2 will you go this moment8 ,go at once6 ,if he can make a king he can make an emperor4 ,i will be ,emperor2 go instantly4 ,so he was forced to go4 ,as the man went1 however1 he was troubled in mind1 and thought to himself1 ,it will not end well2 it will not end well6 ,emperor is too shameless6 ,the ,flounder will at last be tired out4 ,with that he reached the sea1 and the sea was quite black and thick1 and began to boil up from below1 so that it threw up bubbles1 and such a sharp wind blew over it that it curdled1 and the man was afraid4 ,then he went and stood by it1 and said-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will4 ,well1 what does she want1 then8 asked the ,flounder4 ,alas1 ,flounder1 said he1 my wife wants to be ,emperor4 ,go to her1 said the ,flounder2 she is ,emperor already4 ,so the man went1 and when he got there the whole palace was made of polished marble with alabaster figures and golden ornaments1 and soldiers were marching before the door blowing trumpets1 and beating cymbals and drums2 and in the house1 barons1 and counts1 and dukes were going about as servants4 ,then they opened the doors to him1 which were of pure gold4 ,and when he entered1 there sat his wife on a throne1 which was made of one piece of gold1 and was quite two miles high2 and she wore a great golden crown that was three yards high1 and set with diamonds and carbuncles1 and in one hand she had the sceptre1 and in the other the imperial orb2 and on both sides of her stood the yeomen of the guard in two rows1 each being smaller than the one before him1 from the biggest giant1 who was two miles high1 to the very smallest dwarf1 just as big as my little finger4 ,and before it stood a number of princes and dukes4 ,then the man went and stood among them1 and said1 ,wife1 are you ,emperor now8 ,yes1 said she1 now ,i am ,emperor4 ,then he stood and looked at her well2 and when he had looked at her thus for some time1 be said1 ,ah1 wife1 be content1 now that you are ,emperor4 ,husband1 said she1 why are you standing there8 ,now1 ,i am ,emperor1 but ,i will be ,pope too2 go to the ,flounder4 ,alas1 wife1 said the man1 what will you not wish for8 ,you cannot be ,pope2 there is but one in ,christendom2 he cannot make you ,pope4 ,husband1 said she1 ,i will be ,pope2 go immediately1 ,i must be ,pope this very day4 ,no1 wife1 said the man1 ,i do not like to say that to him2 that would not do2 it is too much2 the ,flounder can't make you ,pope4 ,husband1 said she1 what nonsense6 ,if he can make an emperor he can make a pope4 ,go to him directly4 ,i am ,emperor and you are nothing but my husband2 will you go at once8 ,then he was afraid1 and went2 but he was quite faint1 and shivered and shook1 and his knees and legs trembled4 ,and a high wind blew over the land1 and the clouds flew1 and toward evening all grew dark1 and the leaves fell from the trees1 and the water rose and roared as if it were boiling1 and splashed upon the shore2 and in the distance he saw ships which were firing guns in their sore need1 pitching and tossing on the waves4 ,and yet in the midst of the sky there was still a small bit of blue1 though on every side it was as red as in a heavy storm4 ,so1 full of despair1 he went and stood in much fear and said-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will4 ,well1 what does she want1 then8 asked the ,flounder4 ,alas1 said the man1 she wants to be ,pope4 ,go to her then1 said the ,flounder2 she is ,pope already4 ,so he went1 and when he got there1 he saw what seemed to be a large church surrounded by palaces4 ,inside1 however1 everything was lighted up with thousands and thousands of candles1 and his wife was clad in gold1 and she was sitting on a much higher throne1 and had three great golden crowns on1 and around about her there was much ecclesiastical splendor2 and on both sides of her was a row of candles the largest of which was as tall as the very tallest tower1 down to the very smallest kitchen candle1 and all the emperors and kings were on their knees before her1 kissing her shoe4 ,he pushed his way through the crowd4 ,wife1 said the man1 and looked attentively at her1 are you now ,pope8 ,yes1 said she1 ,i am ,pope4 ,so he stood and looked at her1 and it was just as if he was looking at the bright sun4 ,when he had stood looking at her thus for a short time1 he said1 ,ah1 wife1 if you are ,pope1 do let well alone6 ,but she looked as stiff as a post1 and did not move or show any signs of life4 ,then said he1 ,wife1 now that you are ,pope1 be satisfied2 you cannot become anything greater now4 ,i will consider about that1 said the woman4 ,thereupon they both went to bed1 but she was not satisfied1 and greediness let her have no sleep1 for she was continually thinking what there was left for her to be4 ,the man slept well and soundly1 for he had run about a great deal during the day2 but the woman could not fall asleep at all1 and flung herself from one side to the other the whole night through1 thinking always what more was left for her to be1 but unable to call to mind anything else4 ,at length the sun began to rise1 and when the woman saw the red of dawn1 she sat up in bed and looked at it4 ,and when1 through the window1 she saw the sun thus rising1 she said1 ,cannot ,i1 too1 order the sun and moon to rise8 ,husband1 said she1 poking him in the ribs with her elbow1 wake up6 go to the ,flounder1 for ,i wish to be even as ,god is4 ,the man was still half asleep1 but he was so horrified that he fell out of bed4 ,he thought he must have heard amiss1 and rubbed his eyes1 and said1 ,alas1 wife1 what are you saying8 ,husband1 said she1 if ,i can't order the sun and moon to rise1 and have to look on and see the sun and moon rising1 ,i can't bear it4 ,i shall not know what it is to have another happy hour1 unless ,i can make them rise myself4 ,then she looked at him so terribly that a shudder ran over him1 and said1 ,go at once2 ,i wish to be like unto ,god4 ,alas1 wife1 said the man1 falling on his knees before her1 the ,flounder cannot do that2 he can make an emperor and a pope2 ,i beseech you1 go on as you are1 and be ,pope4 ,then she fell into a rage1 and her hair flew wildly about her head1 and she cried1 ,i will not endure this1 ,i'll not bear it any longer2 wilt thou go8 ,then he put on his trousers and ran away like a madman4 ,but outside a great storm was raging and blowing so hard that he could scarcely keep his feet2 houses and trees toppled over1 the mountains trembled1 rocks rolled into the sea1 the sky was pitch black1 and it thundered and lightened1 and the sea came in with black waves as high as church-towers and mountains1 and all with crests of white foam at the top4 ,then he cried1 but could not hear his own words-- ,flounder1 ,flounder1 in the sea1 ,come1 ,i pray thee1 here to me2 ,for my wife1 good ,ilsabil1 ,wills not as ,i'd have her will ,well1 what does she want1 then8 asked the ,flounder4 ,alas1 said he1 she wants to be like unto ,god4 ,go to her1 and you will find her back again in the dirty hovel4 ,and there they are living still at this very time4 ,,ernst ,,moritz ,,arndt 99 99 99 99 99 ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,fatherland#i 7#ahac7 ,god1 who gave iron1 purposed ne'er ,that man should be a slave2 ,therefore the sabre1 sword1 and spear ,in his right hand ,he gave4 ,therefore ,he gave him fiery mood1 ,fierce speech1 and free-born breath1 ,that he might fearlessly the feud ,maintain through blood and death4 ,therefore will we what ,god did say1 ,with honest truth1 maintain-- ,and ne'er a fellow-creature slay1 ,a tyrant's pay to gain6 ,but he shall perish by stroke of brand ,who fighteth for sin and shame1 ,and not inherit the ,german land ,with men of the ,german name4 ,o ,germany6 bright ,fatherland6 ,o ,german love so true6 ,thou sacred land--thou beauteous land-- ,we swear to thee anew6 ,outlawed1 each knave and coward shall ,the crow and raven feed2 ,but we will to the battle all-- ,revenge shall be our meed4 ,flash forth1 flash forth1 whatever can1 ,to bright and flaming life6 ,now1 all ye ,germans1 man for man1 ,forth to the holy strife6 ,your hands lift upward to the sky-- ,your hearts shall upward soar-- ,and man for man let each one cry1 ,our slavery is o'er6 ,let sound1 let sound1 whatever can ,trumpet and fife and drum6 ,this day our sabres1 man for man1 ,to stain with blood1 we come2 ,with hangman's and with coward's blood1 ,o glorious day of ire ,that to all ,germans soundeth good6-- ,day of our great desire6 ,let wave1 let wave1 whatever can-- ,standard and banner wave6 ,here will we purpose1 man for man1 ,to grace a hero's grave4 ,advance1 ye brave ranks1 hardily-- ,your banners wave on high2 ,we'll gain us freedom's victory1 ,or freedom's death we'll die6 ,illustration3 ,,ernst ,,moritz ,,arndt ,julius ,rting 99 99 99 99 99 ,,union ,,song#aj 7#ahad7 ,this blessed hour we are united1 ,of ,german men a mighty choir1 ,and from the lips of each1 delighted1 ,our praying souls to heaven aspire2 ,with high and sacred awe abounding ,we join in solemn thoughts today1 ,and so our hearts should be resounding ,in clear harmonic song and play4 ,to whom shall foremost thanks be given8 ,to ,god1 the great1 so long concealed1 ,who1 when the cloud of shame was riven1 ,himself in flames to us revealed1 ,who1 stubborn foes with lightning felling1 ,restored to us our strength of yore1 ,who1 on the stars in power dwelling1 ,reigns ever and forevermore4 ,who should our second wish be hearing8 ,the majesty of ,fatherland-- ,destroyed be those who still are sneering6 ,hail them who with it fall and stand6 ,by virtue winning admiration1 ,beloved for honesty and might1 ,long live through centuries our nation ,as strong in honor and in might6 ,the third is ,german manhood's treasure-- ,ring out it shall1 with clearness mete6 ,for ,freedom is the ,german pleasure1 ,and ,germans step to ,freedom's beat4 ,be life and death by her inspird-- ,of ,german hearts1 oh1 longing bright6 ,and death for ,freedom's sake desird ,is ,german honor and delight4 ,the fourth--for noble consecration ,now lift on high both heart and hand6 ,old loyalty within our nation ,and ,german faith forever stand6-- ,these virtues shall1 our weal assuring1 ,remain our union's shield and stay2 ,our manly word will be enduring ,until the world shall pass away4 ,now let the final chord be ringing ,in jubilee--stand not apart6 ,let sound our mighty1 joyful singing ,from lip to lip1 from heart to heart6 ,the weal from which no devils bar us1 ,the word that doth our league infold-- ,the bliss which tyrants cannot mar us ,we must believe in1 we must hold6 ,,theodor ,k,,rner 99 99 99 99 99 ,,men ,,and ,,knaves#aa 7#ahac7 ,the storm is out2 the land is roused2 ,where is the coward who sits well-housed8 ,fie1 on thee1 boy1 disguised in curls1 ,behind the stove1 'mong gluttons and girls6 ,a graceless1 worthless wight thou must be2 ,no ,german maid desires thee1 ,no ,german song inspires thee1 ,no ,german ,rhine-wine fires thee4 ,forth in the van1 ,man by man1 ,swing the battle-sword who can6 ,when we stand watching1 the livelong night1 ,through piping storms1 till morning light1 ,thou to thy downy bed canst creep1 ,and there in dreams of rapture sleep4 ,chorus4 ,when1 hoarse and shrill1 the trumpet's blast1 ,like the thunder of ,god1 makes our hearts beat fast1 ,thou in the theatre lov'st to appear1 ,where trills and quavers tickle the ear4 ,chorus4 ,when the glare of noonday scorches the brain1 ,when our parched lips seek water in vain1 ,thou canst make the champagne corks fly1 ,at the groaning tables of luxury4 ,chorus4 ,when we1 as we rush to the strangling fight1 ,send home to our true loves a long ,good night1 ,thou canst hie thee where love is sold1 ,and buy thy pleasure with paltry gold4 ,chorus4 ,when lance and bullet come whistling by1 ,and death in a thousand shapes draws nigh1 ,thou canst sit at thy cards1 and kill ,king1 queen1 and knave1 with thy spadille4 ,chorus4 ,if on the red field our bell should toll1 ,then welcome be death to the patriot's soul4 ,thy pampered flesh shall quake at its doom1 ,and crawl in silk to a hopeless tomb4 ,a pitiful exit thine shall be2 ,no ,german maid shall weep for thee1 ,no ,german song shall they sing for thee1 ,no ,german goblets shall ring for thee4 ,forth in the van1 ,man for man1 ,swing the battle-sword who can6 99 99 99 99 99 ,l,,tzow',s ,,wild ,,band#ab 7#ahac7 ,what gleams through the woods in the morning sun8 ,hear it nearer and nearer draw6 ,it winds in and out in columns dun1 ,and the trumpet-notes on the roused winds run1 ,and they startle the soul with awe4 ,should you of the comrades black demand-- ,that is ,ltzow's wild and untamed band4 ,what passes swift through the darksome glade1 ,and roves o'er the mountains all8 ,it crouches in nightly ambuscade2 ,the hurrah breaks round the foe dismayed1 ,and the ,frankish sergeants fall4 ,should you of the rangers black demand-- ,that is ,ltzow's wild and audacious band4 ,where the vineyards flourish1 there roars the ,rhine2 ,there the tyrant thought him secure2 ,then by thunder-crash and lightning-shine ,in the waters plunges the fighting line2 ,of the hostile bank makes sure4 ,should you of the swimmers black demand-- ,that is ,ltzow's wild and foolhardy band4 ,there down in the valley what clamorous fight6 ,what clangor of bloody swords6 ,fierce-hearted horsemen wage the fight1 ,and the spark of freedom's at last alight1 ,flaming red the heavens towards4 ,should you of the horsemen black demand-- ,that is ,ltzow's wild and intrepid band4 ,who with death-rattle there bid the day farewell ',mid the moans of prostrate foes8 ,of the hand of death the drawn features tell1 ,yet the dauntless hearts triumphant swell1 ,for his ,fatherland's safe each knows6 ,should you of the black-clad fallen demand-- ,that is ,ltzow's wild and invincible band4 ,the wild1 fierce band and the ,teuton band1 ,for all tyrants' blood athirst6-- ,so you who would mourn us1 be not unmanned2 ,for the morning dawns1 and we freed our land1 ,though to free it we won death first6 ,then tell1 at your grandsons' rapt demand3 ,that was ,ltzow's wild and unconquered band6 ,illustration3 ,,theodor ,k,,rner 99 99 99 99 99 ,,prayer ,,during ,,battle#ac7ahac7 ,father1 ,i call to thee4 ,the roaring artillery's clouds thicken round me1 ,the hiss and the glare of the loud bolts confound me4 ,ruler of battles1 ,i call on thee ,o ,father1 lead thou me6 ,o ,father1 lead thou me2 ,to victory1 to death1 dread ,commander1 ,o guide me2 ,the dark valley brightens when thou art beside me2 ,lord1 as thou wilt1 so lead thou me4 ,god1 ,i acknowledge thee4 ,god1 ,i acknowledge thee2 ,when the breeze through the dry leaves of autumn is moaning1 ,when the thunder-storm of battle is groaning1 ,fount of mercy1 in each ,i acknowledge thee4 ,o ,father1 bless thou me6 ,o ,father1 bless thou me2 ,i trust in thy mercy1 whate'er may befall me2 ',tis thy word that hath sent me2 that word can recall me4 ,living or dying1 ,o bless thou me6 ,father1 ,i honor thee4 ,father1 ,i honor thee2 ,not for earth's hoards or honors we here are contending2 ,all that is holy our swords are defending2 ,then falling1 and conquering1 ,i honor thee4 ,god1 ,i repose in thee4 ,god1 ,i repose in thee2 ,when the thunders of death my soul are greeting1 ,when the gashed veins bleed1 and the life is fleeting1 ,in thee1 my ,god1 ,i repose in thee4 ,father1 ,i call on thee4 ,,maximilian ,,gottfried ,,von ,,schenkendorf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,mother ,,tongue#ad 7#ahad7 ,mother tongue1 oh1 tongue most dear1 ,sweet and gladsome to mine ear6 ,word that first ,i heard1 endearing ,word of love1 first timid sound ,that ,i stammered--still ,i'm hearing ,thee within my soul profound4 ,oh1 my heart will ever grieve ,when my ,fatherland ,i leave1 ,for in foreign tongues repeating ,words of strangers1 ,i lose cheer4 ,oh1 they seem not like a greeting1 ,and ,i'll never hold them dear4 ,speech so wonderful to hear-- ,how thou ringest pure and clear6 ,though thy beauty hath enthralled me1 ,still ,i'll deepen my delight1 ,awed1 as if my fathers called me ,from the grave's eternal night4 ,ring on ever1 tongue of old1 ,tongue of lovers1 heroes bold6 ,rise1 old song1 though lost for ages1 ,from thy secret tomb1 and go ,live again in sacred pages1 ,set all hearts once more aglow4 ,breath of ,god is everywhere1 ,custom sacred here as there4 ,yet when ,i give thanks1 am praying1 ,a beloved heart would seek1 ,when my highest thoughts ,i'm saying-- ,then my mother tongue ,i speak4 ,illustration3 ,,maximilian ,,gottfried ,,von ,,schenkendorf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spring ,,greeting ,,to ,,the ,,fatherland#ae 7#ahad7 ,fatherland1 thy pleasures greet me ,after bondage1 war's distress6 ,i must steep my soul completely ,here in all thy gorgeousness4 ,where the oak-trees murmur mildly ,with their crowns to heaven raised1 ,mighty streams are roaring wildly-- ,there the ,german land be praised4 ,from the ,rhinefall1 all delighted1 ,i have walked1 from ,danube's spring2 ,mildly1 in my soul benighted ,love-stars rose1 illumining2 ,now ,i would descend1 and brightly ,radiate a joyous shine ,into ,neckar's valleys sprightly1 ,o'er the blue and silver ,main4 ,onward fly1 my message1 bringing ,freedom's greeting evermore1 ,far away thou shalt be ringing ,by my home on ,memel's shore4 ,where the ,german tongue is spoken1 ,hearts have fought to make her free-- ,fought right gladly--there unbroken ,stays our sacred ,germany4 ,all with sunlight seems a-blazing1 ,all things seem adorned with green-- ,pastures where the herds are grazing1 ,hills where ripening grapes are seen4 ,such a spring time has not graced thee1 ,fatherland1 for thousand years2 ,glory of thy fathers faced thee ,once in dreams1 and now appears4 ,once more weapons must be wielded2 ,go1 a spirit-fray begin1 ,till the latest foe has yielded-- ,he who threatens you within4 ,passions vile ye should be blighting1 ,hate1 suspicion1 envy1 greed-- ,then take1 after heavy fighting1 ,german hearts1 the rest ye need4 ,then shall all men be possessing ,honor1 humbleness1 and might1 ,and thus only can the blessing ,sent our monarch shine with right4 ,all the ancient sins must perish-- ,in the ,god-sent deluge all1 ,and the heritage we cherish ,to a worthy heir must fall4 ,god has blessed the grain that's growing ,and the vineyard's fruit no less2 ,men with hunter's joy are glowing2 ,in the homes reigns happiness4 ,and our freedom's sure foundation1 ,pious longing1 fills the breast2 ,love that charms in every nation ,in our ,german land is best4 ,ye that are in castles dwelling1 ,or in towns that grace our soil1 ,farmers that in harvests swelling ,reap the fruits of ,german toil-- ,german brothers dear1 united1 ,mark my words both old and new6 ,that our land may stay unblighted1 ,keep this concord1 and be true6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,freedom#af 7#ahae7 ,freedom that ,i love1 ,shining in my heart1 ,come now from above1 ,angel that thou art4 ,wilt thou ne'er appear ,to the world oppressed8 ,with thy grace and cheer ,only stars are blessed8 ,in the forest gay ,when the trees are green1 ',neath the blooming spray1 ,freedom1 thou art seen4 ,oh1 what dear delight6 ,music fills the air1 ,and thy secret might ,thrills us everywhere1 ,when the rustling boughs ,friendly greetings send1 ,when we lovers' vows ,looks and kisses spend4 ,but the heart aspires ,upward evermore1 ,and our high desires ,ever sky-ward soar4 ,from his simple kind ,comes my rustic child1 ,shows his heart and mind ,to the world beguiled2 ,for him gardens bloom1 ,for him fields have grown1 ,even in1 the gloom ,of a world of stone4 ,where in that man's breast ,glows a ,god-sent flame ,who with loyal zest ,loves the ancient name1 ,where the men unite ,valiantly to face ,foes of honor's right-- ,there dwells freedom's race4 ,ramparts1 brazen doors ,still may bar the light1 ,yet the spirit soars ,into regions bright2 ,for the fathers' grave1 ,for the church to fall1 ,and for dear ones--brave1 ,true at freedom's call-- ,that indeed is light1 ,glowing rosy-red2 ,heroes' cheeks grow bright ,and more fair when dead4 ,down to us1 oh1 guide ,heaven's grace1 we pray6 ,in our hearts reside-- ,german hearts--to stay6 ,freedom sweet and fair1 ,trusting1 void of fear1 ,german nature e'er ,was to thee most clear4 ,,ludwig ,,uhland 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chapel#ag 7#ahje7 ,yonder chapel1 on the mountain1 ,looks upon a vale of joy2 ,there1 below1 by moss and fountain1 ,gaily sings the herdsman's boy4 ,hark6 ,upon the breeze descending1 ,sound of dirge and funeral bell2 ,and the boy1 his song suspending1 ,listens1 gazing from the dell4 ,homeward to the grave they're bringing ,forms that graced the peaceful vale2 ,youthful herdsman1 gaily singing6 ,thus they'll chant thy funeral wail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,shepherd',s ,,song ,,on ,,the ,,lord',s ,,day#ah 7#ahje7 ,the ,lord's own day is here6 ,alone ,i kneel on this broad plain2 ,a matin bell just sounds2 again ',tis silence1 far and near4 ,here kneel ,i on the sod2 ,o deep amazement1 strangely felt6 ,as though1 unseen1 vast numbers knelt ,and prayed with me to ,god6 ,yon heav'n afar and near-- ,so bright1 so glorious seems its cope ,as though e'en now its gates would ope-- ,the ,lord's own day is here6 ,illustration3 ,,ludwig ,,uhland 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,castle ,,by ,,the ,,sea#ai 7#ahje7 ,hast thou seen that lordly castle1 ,that castle by the sea8 ,golden and red above it ,the clouds float gorgeously4 ,and fain it would stoop downward ,to the mirrored lake below2 ,and fain it would soar upward ,in the evening's crimson glow4 ,well have ,i seen that castle1 ,that castle by the sea1 ,and the moon above it standing1 ,and the mist rise solemnly4 ,the winds and the waves of ocean-- ,had they a merry chime8 ,didst thou hear1 from those lofty chambers1 ,the harp and the minstrel's rhyme8 ,the winds and the waves of ocean1 ,they rested quietly2 ,but ,i heard in the gale a sound of wail1 ,and tears came to mine eye4 ,and sawest thou on the turrets ,the king and his royal bride1 ,and the wave of their crimson mantles1 ,and the golden crown of pride8 ,led they not forth1 in rapture1 ,a beauteous maiden there1 ,resplendent as the morning sun1 ,beaming with golden hair6 ,well saw ,i the ancient parents1 ,without the crown of pride2 ,they were moving slow1 in weeds of woe-- ,no maiden was by their side6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,mountain ,,boy#bj 7#ahjf7 ,the mountain shepherd-boy am ,i2 ,the castles all below me spy4 ,the sun sends me his earliest beam1 ,leaves me his latest1 lingering gleam4 ,i am the boy of the mountain6 ,the mountain torrent's home is here1 ,fresh from the rock ,i drink it clear2 ,as out it leaps with furious force1 ,i stretch my arms and stop its course4 ,i am the boy of the mountain6 ,i claim the mountain for my own2 ,in vain the winds around me moan2 ,from north to south let tempests brawl-- ,my song shall swell above them all4 ,i am the boy of the mountain6 ,thunder and lightning below me lie1 ,yet here ,i stand in upper sky2 ,i know them well1 and cry1 ,harm not ,my father's lowly1 peaceful cot4 ,i am the boy of the mountain6 ,but when ,i hear the alarm-bell sound1 ,when watch-fires gleam from the mountains round1 ,then down ,i go and march along1 ,and swing my sword1 and sing my song4 ,i am the boy of the mountain6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,villa ,,by ,,the ,,sea ,from the ,painting by ,arnold ,bcklin 99 99 99 99 99 ,,departure#ba 7#ahjf7 ,what jingles and carols along the street6 ,fling open your casements1 damsels sweet6 ,the prentice' friends1 they are bearing ,the boy on his far wayfaring4 ',mid fluttering ribbons and tossing caps1 ,full merry the rabble huzzas and claps2 ,but the boy regards not the token-- ,he walks like one heartbroken4 ,full clear clinks the wine-can1 full red gleams the wine ,drink deep and drink deeper1 dear brother mine6 ,oh1 have done with the red wine of parting ,that burns me within with its smarting6 ,and outside from the cottage1 last of all1 ,a maiden peeps out and her tear-drops fall1 ,yet her tear-drops to none she discloses ,but forget-me-nots and roses4 ,and outside by the cottage1 last of all1 ,the boy glances up at a casement small1 ,and glances down without greeting4 ',neath his hand his heart is beating4 ,what1 brother6 ,art lacking a bright nosegay8 ,see yonder--the beckoning1 blossomy spray6 ,god save thee1 thou prettiest sweeting6 ,drop down now a nosegay for greeting6 ,nay1 brothers1 pass yonder casement by4 ,no prettiest sweeting like her have ,i4 ,in the sun those blossoms would wither2 ,the wind it would blow them thither4 ,so farther and farther with shout and song6 ,and the maiden listens and harkens long ,ah1 me6 he is flown now beyond me-- ,the boy ,i have loved so fondly6 ,and here ,i stay1 with my lonely lot1 ,with roses1 ah6--and forget-me-not1 ,and he whose heart ,i'd be sharing-- ,he is gone on his far wayfaring6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,farewell#bb 7#ahjg7 ,farewell1 farewell6 ,from thee ,today1 love1 must ,i sever4 ,one kiss1 one kiss give me1 ,ere ,i quit thee forever6 ,one blossom from yon tree ,o give to me1 ,i pray6 ,no fruit1 no fruit for me6 ,so long ,i may not stay4 ,illustration3 ,,leaving ,,at ,,dawn 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,hostess' ,,daughter#bc 7#ahji7 ,three students had cross'd o'er the ,rhine's dark tide2 ,at the door of a hostel they turned aside4 ,hast thou1 ,dame hostess1 good ale and wine ,and where is thy daughter1 so sweet and fine8 ,my ale and wine are cool and clear2 ,on her death-bed lieth my daughter dear4 ,and when to the chamber they made their way1 ,in a sable coffin the damsel lay4 ,the first--the veil from her face he took1 ,and gazed upon her with mournful look3 ,alas6 fair maiden--didst thou still live1 ,to thee my love would ,i henceforth give6 ,the second--he lightly replaced the shroud1 ,then round he turned him1 and wept aloud3 ,thou liest1 alas ,i on thy death-bed here2 ,i loved thee fondly for many a year6 ,the third--he lifted again the veil1 ,and gently he kissed those lips so pale3 ,i love thee now1 as ,i loved of yore1 ,and thus will ,i love thee forevermore6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,good ,,comrade#bd 7#ahji7 ,i had a gallant comrade1 ,no better e'er was tried2 ,the drum beat loud to battle-- ,beside me1 to its rattle1 ,he marched1 with equal stride4 ,a bullet flies toward us us-- ,is that for me or thee8 ,it struck him1 passing o'er me2 ,i see his corpse before me ,as 'twere a part of me6 ,and still1 while ,i am loading1 ,his outstretched hand ,i view2 ,not now--awhile we sever2 ,but1 when we live forever1 ,be still my comrade true6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,white ,,hart#be 7#ahaa7 ,three huntsmen forth to the greenwood went2 ,to hunt the white hart was their intent4 ,they laid them under a green fir-tree1 ,and a singular vision befell those three4 ,,the ,,first ,,huntsman ,i dreamt ,i arose and beat on the bush1 ,when forth came rushing the stag--hush1 hush6 ,,the ,,second ,as with baying of hound he came rushing along1 ,i fired my gun at his hide--bing1 bang6 ,,the ,,third ,and when the stag on the ground ,i saw1 ,i merrily wound my horn--trara6 ,conversing thus did the huntsmen lie1 ,when lo6 the white hart came bounding by2 ,and before the huntsmen had noted him well1 ,he was up and away over mountain and dell6-- ,hush1 hush6--bing1 bang6--trara6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,lost ,,church#bf 7#ahab7 ,when one into the forest goes1 ,a music sweet the spirit blesses2 ,but whence it cometh no one knows1 ,nor common rumor even guesses4 ,from the lost ,church those strains must swell ,that come on all the winds resounding2 ,the path to it now none can tell1 ,that path with pilgrims once abounding4 ,as lately1 in the forest1 where ,no beaten path could be discover'd1 ,all lost in thought1 ,i wander'd far1 ,upward to ,god my spirit hover'd4 ,when all was silent round me there1 ,then in my ears that music sounded2 ,the higher1 purer1 rose my prayer1 ,the nearer1 fuller1 it resounded4 ,upon my heart such peace there fell1 ,those strains with all my thoughts so blended1 ,that how it was ,i cannot tell ,that ,i so high that hour ascended4 ,it seem'd a hundred years and more ,that ,i had been thus lost in dreaming1 ,when1 all earth's vapors op'ning o'er1 ,a free large place stood1 brightly beaming4 ,the sky it was so blue and bland1 ,the sun it was so full and glowing1 ,as rose a minster vast and grand1 ,the golden light all round it flowing4 ,the clouds on which it rested seem'd ,to bear it up like wings of fire2 ,piercing the heavens1 so ,i dream'd1 ,sublimely rose its lofty spire4 ,the bell--what music from it roll'd6 ,shook1 as it peal'd1 the trembling tower2 ,rung by no mortal hand1 but toll'd ,by some unseen1 unearthly power4 ,the selfsame power from ,heaven thrill'd ,my being to its utmost centre1 ,as1 all with fear and gladness fill'd1 ,beneath the lofty dome ,i enter4 ,i stood within the solemn pile-- ,words cannot tell with what amazement1 ,as saints and martyrs seem'd to smile ,down on me from each gorgeous casement4 ,i saw the picture grow alive1 ,and ,i beheld a world of glory1 ,where sainted men and women strive ,and act again their godlike story4 ,before the altar knelt ,i low-- ,love and devotion only feeling1 ,while ,heaven's glory seem'd to glow1 ,depicted on the lofty ceiling4 ,yet when again ,i upward gazed1 ,the mighty dome in twain was shaken1 ,and ,heaven's gate wide open blazed1 ,and every veil away was taken4 ,what majesty ,i then beheld1 ,my heart with adoration swelling2 ,what music all my senses fill'd1 ,beyond the organ's power of telling1 ,in words can never be exprest2 ,yet for that bliss who longs sincerely1 ,o let him to the music list1 ,that in the forest soundeth clearly6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,charlemagne',s ,,voyage#bg 7#ahab7 ,with comrades twelve upon the main ,king ,charles set out to sail4 ,the ,holy ,land he hoped to gain1 ,but drifted in a gale4 ,then spake ,sir ,roland1 hero brave3 ,well ,i can fight and shield2 ,yet neither stormy wind nor wave ,will to my weapon yield4 ,sir ,holger spoke1 from ,denmark's strand3 ,the harp ,i feign would play2 ,but what avails the music bland ,when tempests roaring sway6 ,sir ,oliver was not too glad2 ,upon his sword he'd stare3 ,for my own weal 'twere not so bad1 ,i grieve1 for good ,old ,clare4 ,said wicked ,ganilon with gall 7,he said it 'neath his breath73 ,the devil come and take ye all-- ,were ,i but spared this death6 ,archbishop ,turpin deeply sighed3 ,the knights of ,god are we4 ,o come1 our ,savior1 be our guide1 ,and lead us o'er the sea6 ,then spake ,sir ,richard ,fearless stern3 ,ye demons there in hell1 ,i served ye many a goodly turn1 ,now serve ye me as well6 ,my counsel often has been heard1 ,sir ,naimes did remark4 ,fresh water1 though1 and helpful word ,are rare upon a bark4 ,then spake ,sir ,riol1 old and gray3 ,an aged knight am ,i2 ,and they shall lay my corpse away ,where it is good and dry4 ,and then ,sir ,guy began to sing-- ,he was a courtly knight3 ,feign would ,i have a birdie's wing1 ,and to my love take flight6 ,then ,count ,garein1 the noble1 said3 ,god1 danger from us keep6 ,i'd rather drink the wine so red ,than water in the deep4 ,sir ,lambert spake1 a sprightly youth3 ,may ,god behold our state6 ,i'd rather eat good fish1 forsooth1 ,than be myself a bait4 ,then quoth ,sir ,gottfried3 ,be it so1 ,i heed not how ,i fare2 ,whatever ,i must undergo1 ,my brothers all would share4 ,but at the helm ,king ,charles sat by1 ,and never said a word1 ,and steered the ship with steadfast eye ,till no more tempest stirred4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,free ,,art#bh 7#ahab7 ,thou1 whom song was given1 sing ,in the ,german poets' wood6 ,when all boughs with music ring-- ,then is life and pleasure good4 ,nay1 this art doth not belong ,to a small and haughty band2 ,scattered are the seeds of song ,all about the ,german land4 ,music set thy passions free ,from the heart's confining cage2 ,let thy love like murmurs be1 ,and like thunder-storm thy rage6 ,singest thou not all thy days1 ,joy of youth should make thee sing4 ,nightingales pour forth their lays ,in the blooming months of spring6 ,though in books they hold not fast ,what the hour to thee imparts1 ,leaves unto the breezes cast1 ,to be seized by youthful hearts6 ,fare thou well1 thou secret lore3 ,necromancy1 ,alchemy6 ,formulas shall bind no more1 ,and our art is poesy4 ,names we deem but empty air2 ,spirits we revere alone2 ,though we honor masters rare4 ,art is free--it is our own6 ,not in haunts of marble chill1 ,temples drear where ancients trod-- ,nay1 in oaks on woody hill1 ,lives and moves the ,german ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,taillefer#bi 7#ahab7 ,duke ,william of the ,normans spoke unto his servants all3 ,who is it sings so sweetly in the court and in the hall8 ,who sings from early morn till the house is still at night ,so sweetly that he fills my heart with laughter and delight8 ',tis ,taillefer1 they answered him1 so joyously that sings ,within the courtyard1 as the wheel above the well he swings1 ,and when the fire upon the hearth he stirs to burn more bright1 ,and when he rises to his toil or lays him down at night4 ,then spoke the ,duke1 ,in him ,i trow ,i have a faithful knave-- ,this ,taillefer that serves me here1 so loyal and so brave2 ,he turns the wheel and stirs the fire with willing1 sturdy arm1 ,and1 best of all1 with blithesome song he knows my heart to charm4 ,then out spake lusty ,taillefer1 ,ah1 lord1 if ,i were free1 ,far better would ,i serve thee then1 and gladly sing to thee4 ,how on my stately charger would ,i serve thee in the field1 ,how sing before thee cheerily1 with clang of sword and shield6 ,the days went by1 and ,taillefer rode out as rides a knight ,upon a prancing charger borne1 a gay and gallant sight2 ,and from the tower looked down on him ,duke ,william's sister fair1 ,and softly murmured1 ,by my troth1 a stately knight goes there6 ,when as he rode before the tower1 and spied her harkening1 ,now sang he like a driving storm1 now like a breeze of spring2 ,she cried1 ,to hear that wondrous song is of all joys the best-- ,the very stones they tremble1 and the heart within my breast4 ,and now the ,duke has called his men and crossed the salt sea-foam2 ,with gallant knights and vassals bold to ,england he has come4 ,and as he sprang from out the ship1 he slipped upon the strand1 ,and ,by this token1 thus1 he cried1 ,i seize a subject land6 ,and now on ,hastings field arrayed1 the host for fight prepare2 ,before the ,duke reins up his horse the valiant ,taillefer3 ,if ,i have sung and blown the fire for many a weary year1 ,and since for other years have borne the knightly shield and spear1 ,if ,i have sung and served thee well1 and praises won from thee1 ,first as a lowly knave and then a warrior1 bold and free1 ,today ,i claim my guerdon just1 that all the host may know-- ,to ride the foremost to the field1 strike first against the foe6 ,so ,taillefer rode on before the glittering ,norman line ,upon his stately steed1 and waved a sword of temper fine2 ,above the embattled plain his song rang all the tumult o'er-- ,of ,roland's knightly deeds he sang and many a hero more4 ,and as the noble song of old with tempest-might swelled out1 ,the banners waved and knights pressed on with war-cry and with shout2 ,and every heart among the host throbbed prouder still and higher1 ,and still through all sang ,taillefer1 and blew the battle-fire4 ,then forward1 lance in rest1 against the waiting foe he dashed1 ,and at the shock an ,english knight from out the saddle crashed2 ,anon he swung his sword and struck a grim and grisly blow1 ,and on the ground beneath his feet an ,english knight lay low4 ,the ,norman host his prowess saw1 and followed him full fain2 ,with joyful shouts and clang of shields the whole field rang again1 ,and shrill and fast the arrows sped1 and swords made merry play-- ,until at last ,king ,harold fell1 his stubborn carles gave way4 ,the ,duke his banner planted high upon the bloody plain1 ,and pitched his tent a conqueror amid the heaps of slain2 ,then with his captains sat at meat1 the wine-cup in his hand1 ,upon his head the royal crown of all the ,english land4 ,come hither1 valiant ,taillefer1 and drink a cup with me6 ,full oft thy song has soothed my grief1 made merrier my glee2 ,but all my life ,i still shall hear the battle-shout that pealed ,above the noise of clashing arms today on ,hastings field6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,suabian ,,legend#cj 7#ahad7 ,when ,emperor ,redbeard with his band ,came marching through the ,holy ,land1 ,he had to lead1 the way to seek1 ,his noble force o'er mountains bleak4 ,of bread there rose a painful need1 ,though stones were plentiful indeed1 ,and many a ,german rider fine ,forgot the taste of mead and wine4 ,the horses drooped from meagre fare1 ,the rider had to hold his mare4 ,there was a knight from ,suabian land ,of noble build and mighty hand2 ,his little horse was faint and ill1 ,he dragged it by the bridle still2 ,his steed he never would forsake1 ,though his own life should be at stake4 ,and so the horseman had to stay ,behind the band a little way4 ,then all at once1 right in his course1 ,pranced fifty ,turkish men on horse4 ,and straight a swarm of arrows flew2 ,their spears as well the riders threw4 ,our ,suabian brave felt no dismay1 ,and calmly marched along his way4 ,his shield was stuck with arrows o'er1 ,he sneered and looked about--no more2 ,till one1 whom all this pastime bored1 ,above him swung a crooked sword4 ,the ,german's blood begins to boil1 ,he aims the ,turkish steed to foil1 ,and off he knocks with hit so neat ,the ,turkish charger's two fore-feet4 ,and now that he has felled the horse1 ,he grips his sword with double force ,and swings it on the rider's crown ,and splits him to the saddle down2 ,he hews the saddle into bits1 ,and e'en the charger's back he splits4 ,see1 falling to the right and left1 ,half of a ,turk that has been cleft6 ,the others shudder at the sight ,and hie away in frantic flight1 ,and each one feels1 with gruesome dread1 ,that he is split through trunk and head4 ,a band of ,christians1 left behind1 ,came down the road1 his work to find2 ,and they admired1 one by one1 ,the deed our hero bold had done4 ,from these the ,emperor heard it all1 ,and bade his men the ,suabian call1 ,then spake3 ,who taught thee1 honored knight1 ,with hits like those you dealt1 to fight8 ,our hero said1 without delay ,these hits are just the ,suabian way4 ,throughout the realm all men admit1 ,the ,suabians always make a hit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,blind ,,king#ca 7#ahjd1 #ahad7 ,why stands uncovered that northern host ,high on the seaboard there8 ,why seeks the old blind king the coast1 ,with his white1 wild-fluttering hair8 ,he1 leaning on his staff the while1 ,his bitter grief outpours1 ,till across the bay the rocky isle ,sounds from its caverned shores4 ,from the dungeon-rock1 thou robber1 bring ,my daughter back again6 ,her gentle voice1 her harp's sweet string ,soothed an old father's pain4 ,from the dance along the green shore ,thou hast borne her o'er the wave2 ,eternal shame light on thy head2 ,mine trembles o'er the grave4 ,forth from his cavern1 at the word1 ,the robber comes1 all steeled1 ,swings in the air his giant sword1 ,and strikes his sounding shield4 ,a goodly guard attends thee there2 ,why suffered they the wrong8 ,is there none will be her champion ,of all that mighty throng8 ,yet from that host there comes no sound2 ,they stand unmoved as stone2 ,the blind king seems to gaze around2 ,am ,i all1 all alone8 ,not all alone6 ,his youthful son ,grasps his right hand so warm-- ,grant me to meet this vaunting foe6 ,heaven's might inspires my arm4 ,o son6 it is a giant foe2 ,there's none will take thy part2 ,yet by this hand's warm grasp1 ,i know ,thine is a manly heart4 ,here1 take the trusty battle-sword-- ',twas the old minstrel's prize2-- ,if thou art slain1 far down the flood ,thy poor old father dies6 ,and hark6 a skiff glides swiftly o'er1 ,with plashing1 spooming sound2 ,the king stands listening on the shore2 ',tis silent all around-- ,till soon across the bay is borne ,the sound of shield and sword1 ,and battle-cry1 and clash1 and clang1 ,and crashing blows1 are heard4 ,with trembling joy then cried the king3 ,warrior6 what mark you8 ,tell6 ',twas my good sword2 ,i heard it ring2 ,i know its tone right well4 ,the robber falls2 a bloody meed ,his daring crime hath won2 ,hail to thee1 first of heroes6 hail6 ,thou monarch's worthy son6 ,again 'tis silent all around2 ,listens the king once more2 ,i hear across the bay the sound ,as of a plashing oar4 ,yes1 it is they6--,they come6--,they come-- ,thy son1 with spear and shield1 ,and thy daughter fair1 with golden hair1 ,the sunny-bright ,gunild4 ,welcome6 exclaims the blind old man1 ,from the rock high o'er the wave2 ,now my old age is blest again2 ,honored shall be my grave4 ,thou1 son1 shalt lay the sword ,i wore ,beside the blind old king4 ,and thou1 ,gunilda1 free once more1 ,my funeral song shalt sing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,minstrel',s ,,curse#cb 7#ahad7 ,once in olden times was standing ,a castle1 high and grand1 ,broad glancing in the sunlight1 ,far over sea and land4 ,and round were fragrant gardens1 ,a rich and blooming crown2 ,and fountains1 playing in them1 ,in rainbow brilliance shone4 ,there a haughty king was seated1 ,in lands and conquests great2 ,pale and awful was his countenance1 ,as on his throne he sate2 ,for what he thinks1 is terror1 ,and what he looks1 is wrath1 ,and what he speaks1 is torture1 ,and what he writes1 is death4 ,and 'gainst a marble pillar ,he shiver'd it in twain2 ,and thus his curse he shouted1 ,till the castle rang again3 ,woe1 woe1 thou haughty castle1 ,with all thy gorgeous halls6 ,sweet string or song be sounded ,no more within thy walls4 ,no1 sighs alone1 and wailing1 ,and the coward steps of slaves6 ,already round thy towers ,the avenging spirit raves6 ,woe1 woe1 ye fragrant gardens1 ,with all your fair ,may light6 ,look on this ghastly countenance1 ,and wither at the sight6 ,let all your flowers perish6 ,be all your fountains dry6 ,henceforth a horrid wilderness1 ,deserted1 wasted1 lie6 ,woe1 woe1 thou wretched murderer1 ,thou curse of minstrelsy6 ,thy struggles for a bloody fame1 ,all fruitless shall they be4 ,thy name shall be forgotten1 ,lost in eternal death1 ,dissolving into empty air ,like a dying man's last breath6 ,the old man's curse is utter'd1 ,and ,heaven above hath heard4 ,those walls have fallen prostrate ,at the minstrel's mighty word4 ,of all that vanish'd splendor ,stands but one column tall2 ,and that1 already shatter'd1 ,ere another night may fall4 ,around1 instead of gardens1 ,in a desert heathen land1 ,no tree its shade dispenses1 ,no fountains cool the sand4 ,the king's name1 it has vanish'd2 ,his deeds no songs rehearse2 ,departed and forgotten-- ,this is the minstrel's curse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,luck ,,of ,,edenhall#cc 7#ahcd7 ,of ,edenhall the youthful lord ,bids sound the festal trumpets' call2 ,he rises at the banquet board1 ,and cries1 'mid the drunken revelers all1 ,now bring me the ,luck of ,edenhall6 ,the butler hears the words with pain-- ,the house's oldest seneschal-- ,takes slow from its silken cloth again ,the drinking glass of crystal tall2 ,they call it the ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,then said the lord1 ,this glass to praise1 ,fill with red wine from ,portugal6 ,the graybeard with trembling hand obeys2 ,a purple light shines over all2 ,it beams from the ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,then speaks the lord1 and waves it light-- ,this glass of flashing crystal tall ,gave to my sires the ,fountain-,sprite2 ,she wrote in it1 ',if this glass doth fall1 ,farewell then1 ,o ,luck of ,edenhall6' ',twas right a goblet the fate should be ,of the joyous race of ,edenhall6 ,we drink deep draughts right willingly2 ,and willingly ring1 with merry call1 ,kling6 klang6 to the ,luck of ,edenhall6 ,first rings it deep1 and full1 and mild1 ,like to the song of a nightingale2 ,then like the roar of a torrent wild2 ,then mutters1 at last1 like the thunder's fall1 ,the glorious ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,for its keeper1 takes a race of might ,the fragile goblet of crystal tall2 ,it has lasted longer than is right2 ,kling6 klang6--with a harder blow than all ,we'll try the ,luck of ,edenhall6 ,as the goblet1 ringing1 flies apart1 ,suddenly cracks the vaulted hall2 ,and through the rift the flames upstart2 ,the guests in dust are scattered all ,with the breaking ,luck of ,edenhall6 ,in storms the foe with fire and sword6 ,he in the night had scaled the wall2 ,slain by the sword lies the youthful lord1 ,but holds in his hand the crystal tall1 ,the shattered ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,on the morrow the butler gropes alone1 ,the graybeard1 in the desert hall2 ,he seeks his lord's burnt skeleton2 ,he seeks in the dismal ruin's fall ,the shards of the ,luck of ,edenhall4 ,the stone wall1 saith he1 doth fall aside2 ,down must the stately columns fall2 ,glass is this earth's ,luck and ,pride2 ,in atoms shall fall this earthly hall1 ,one day1 like the ,luck of ,edenhall6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,the ,,death ,,of ,a ,,child#cd 7#ahei7 ,you came1 you went1 as angels go1 ,a fleeting guest within our land4 ,whence and where to8--,we only know3 ,forth from ,god's hand into ,god's hand4 ,,joseph ,,von ,,eichendorff 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,broken ,,ring#ce 7#ahaj7 ,down in yon cool valley ,i hear a mill-wheel go3 ,alas6 my love has left me1 ,who once dwelt there below4 ,a ring of gold she gave me1 ,and vowed she would be true2 ,the vow long since was broken1 ,the gold ring snapped in two4 ,i would ,i were a minstrel1 ,to rove the wide world o'er1 ,and sing afar my measures1 ,and rove from door to door2 ,or else a soldier1 flying ,deep into furious fight1 ,by silent camp-fires lying ,a-field in gloomy night4 ,hear ,i the mill-wheel going3 ,i know not what ,i will2 ',twere best if ,i were dying-- ,then all were calm and still4 ,illustration3 ,,joseph ,,von ,,eichendorff 99 99 99 99 99 ,,morning ,,prayer#cf 7#ahcc7 ,o silence1 wondrous and profound6 ,o'er earth doth solitude still reign2 ,the woods alone incline their heads1 ,as if the ,lord walked o'er the plain4 ,i feel new life within me glow2 ,where now is my distress and care8 ,here in the blush of waking morn1 ,i blush at yesterday's despair4 ,to me1 a pilgrim1 shall the world1 ,with all its joy and sorrows1 be ,but as a bridge that leads1 ,o ,lord1 ,across the stream of time to ,thee4 ,and should my song woo worldly gifts1 ,the base rewards of vanity-- ,dash down my lyre6 ,i'll hold my peace ,before thee to eternity4 ,,from ,,the ,,life ,,of ,a ,,good-,,for-,,nothing 7#ahbf7 ,,by ,,joseph ,,von ,,eichendorff ,,translated ,,by ,,mrs4 ,a4,l4,w4 ,,wister ,,chapter ,i ,the wheel of my father's mill was once more turning and whirring merrily1 the melting snow trickled steadily from the roof1 the sparrows chirped and hopped about1 as ,i1 taking great delight in the warm sunshine1 sat on the door-step and rubbed my eyes to rid them of sleep4 ,then my father made his appearance2 he had been busy in the mill since daybreak1 and his nightcap was all awry as he said to me-- ,you ,good-for-nothing6 ,there you sit sunning yourself1 and stretching yourself till your bones crack1 leaving me to do all the work alone4 ,i can keep you here no longer4 ,spring is at hand4 ,off with you into the world and earn your own bread6 ,well1 said ,i1 all right2 if ,i am a ,good-for-nothing1 ,i will go forth into the world and make my fortune4 ,in fact1 ,i was very glad to have my father speak thus1 for ,i myself had been thinking of starting on my travels2 the yellow-hammer1 which all through the autumn and winter had been chirping sadly at our window1 ,farmer1 hire me2 farmer1 hire me1 was1 now that the lovely spring weather had set in1 once more piping cheerily from the old tree1 ,farmer1 nobody wants your work4 ,so ,i went into the house and took down from the wall my fiddle1 on which ,i could play quite skilfully2 my father gave me a few pieces of money to set me on my way2 and ,i sauntered off along the village street4 ,i was filled with secret joy as ,i saw all my old acquaintances and comrades right and left going to their work digging and ploughing1 just as they had done yesterday and the day before1 and so on1 whilst ,i was roaming out into the wide world4 ,i called out ,good-by6 to the poor people on all sides1 but no one took much notice of me4 ,a perpetual ,sabbath seemed to reign in my soul1 and when ,i got out among the fields ,i took out my dear fiddle and played and sang1 as ,i walked along the country road-- ,the favored ones1 the loved of ,heaven1 ,god sends to roam the world at will2 ,his wonders to their gaze are given ,by field and forest1 stream and hill4 ,the dullards who at home are staying ,are not refreshed by morning's ray2 ,they grovel1 earth-born calls obeying1 ,and petty cares beset their day4 ,the little brooks o'er rocks are springing1 ,the lark's gay carol fills the air2 ,why should not ,i with them be singing ,a joyous anthem free from care8 ,i wander on1 in ,god confiding1 ,for all are ,his1 wood1 field1 and fell2 ,o'er earth and skies ,he1 still presiding1 ,for me will order all things well4 ,as ,i was looking around1 a fine traveling-carriage drove along very near me2 it had probably been just behind me for some time without my perceiving it1 so filled with melody had ,i been1 for it was going quite slowly1 and two elegant ladies had their heads out of the window1 listening4 ,one was especially beautiful1 and younger than the other1 but both pleased me extremely4 ,when ,i stopped singing the elder ordered the coachman to stop his horses1 and accosted me with great condescension3 ,aha1 my merry lad1 you know how to sing very pretty songs6 ,i1 nothing loath1 replied1 ,please ,your ,grace1 ,i know some far prettier4 ,and where are you going so early in the morning8 she asked4 ,i was ashamed to confess that ,i did not myself know1 and so ,i said1 boldly1 ,to ,vienna4 ,the two ladies then talked together in a strange tongue which ,i did not understand4 ,the younger shook her head several times1 but the other only laughed1 and finally called to me1 ,jump up behind2 we too are going to ,vienna4 ,who more ready than ,i6 ,i made my best bow1 and sprang up behind the carriage1 the coachman cracked his whip1 and away we bowled along the smooth road so swiftly that the wind whistled in my ears4 ,behind me vanished my native village with its gardens and church-tower1 before me appeared fresh villages1 castles1 and mountains1 beneath me on either side the meadows in the tender green of spring flew past1 and above me countless larks were soaring in the blue air4 ,i was ashamed to shout aloud1 but ,i exulted inwardly1 and shuffled about so on the foot-board behind the carriage that ,i well-nigh lost my fiddle from under my arm4 ,but when the sun rose higher in the sky1 while heavy1 white1 noonday clouds gathered on the horizon1 and the air hung sultry and still above the gently-waving grain1 ,i could not but remember my village and my father1 and our mill1 and how cool and comfortable it was beside the shady mill-pool1 and how far1 far away from me it all was4 ,and the most curious sensation overcame me2 ,i felt as if ,i must turn and run back2 but ,i stuck my fiddle between my coat and my vest1 settled myself on the foot-board1 and went to sleep4 ,when ,i opened my eyes again1 the carriage was standing beneath tall linden-trees1 on the other side of which a broad flight of steps led between columns into a magnificent castle4 ,through the trees beyond ,i saw the towers of ,vienna4 ,the ladies1 it appeared1 had left the carriage1 and the horses had been unharnessed4 ,i was startled to find myself alone1 and ,i hurried into the castle4 ,as ,i did so ,i heard some one at a window above laughing4 ,an odd time ,i had in this castle4 ,first1 as soon as ,i found myself in the cool1 spacious vestibule1 some one tapped me on the shoulder with a stick4 ,i turned quickly about1 and there stood a tall gentleman in state apparel1 with a broad bandolier of silk and gold crossing his breast from his shoulder to his hip1 a staff in his hand1 gilded at the top1 and an extraordinarily large ,roman nose2 he strutted up to me1 swelling like a ruled-up turkey-cock1 and asked me what ,i wanted there4 ,i was taken entirely aback1 and in my confusion was unable to utter a word4 ,several servants passed1 going up and down the staircase2 they said nothing1 but eyed me superciliously4 ,then a lady's-maid appeared2 she came up to me1 declared that ,i was a charming young fellow1 and that her mistress had sent to ask me if ,i did not want a place as gardener's boy4 ,i put my hand in my pocket--the few coins ,i had possessed were gone4 ,they must have been jerked out by my shuffling on the foot-board behind the carriage4 ,i had nothing to depend upon save my skill with the fiddle1 for which the gentleman with the staff1 as he informed me in passing1 would not give a farthing4 ,therefore1 in my distress1 ,i said yes to the maid1 keeping my eyes fixed the while upon the portentous figure pacing the hall to and fro like the pendulum of a clock in a church-tower1 appearing from the background with imposing majesty and with unfailing regularity4 ,at last a gardener came1 muttering something about boors and vagabonds1 and led me off to the garden1 preaching me a long sermon on the way about my being diligent and industrious and never loitering about the world any more1 and how1 if ,i would give up all my idle and foolish ways1 ,i might come to some good in the end4 ,there was a great deal of exhortation in this strain1 very good and useful1 but ,i have since forgotten it nearly all4 ,in fact1 ,i really hardly know how it all came about2 ,i went on saying yes to everything1 and ,i felt like a bird with its wings clipped4 ,but1 thank ,god1 in the end ,i was earning my living6 ,i found life delightful in that garden4 ,i had a hot dinner every day and plenty of it1 and more money than ,i needed for my glass of wine1 only1 unfortunately1 ,i had quite a deal to do4 ,the pavilions1 and arbors1 and long green walks delighted me1 if ,i could only have sauntered about and talked pleasantly like the gentlemen and ladies who came there every day4 ,whenever the gardener was away and ,i was alone1 ,i took out my short tobacco-pipe1 sat down1 and thought of all the beautiful1 polite things with which ,i could have entertained that lovely young lady who had brought me to the castle1 had ,i been a cavalier walking beside her4 ,or on sultry afternoons ,i lay on my back on the grass1 when all was so quiet that you could hear the bees humming1 and ,i gazed up at the clouds sailing away toward my native village1 and around me at the waving grass and flowers1 and thought of the lovely lady2 and it sometimes chanced that ,i really saw her in the distance walking in the garden1 with her guitar or a book1 tall and beautiful as an angel1 and ,i was only half conscious whether ,i were awake or dreaming4 ,thus1 once as ,i was passing a summer-house on my way to work1 ,i was singing to myself-- ,i gaze around me1 going ,by forest1 dale1 and lea1 ,o'er heights where streams are flowing1 ,my every thought bestowing1 ,ah1 ,lady fair1 on thee6-- when1 through the half-opened lattice of the cool1 dark summer-house buried amid flowers1 ,i saw the sparkle of a pair of beautiful1 youthful eyes4 ,i was so startled that ,i could not finish my song1 but passed on to my work without looking round4 ,in the evening--it was ,saturday1 and1 in joyous anticipation of the coming ,sunday1 ,i was standing1 fiddle in hand1 at the window of the gardener's house1 still thinking of the sparkling eyes--the lady's-maid came tripping through the twilight--,the gracious ,lady fair sends you this to drink her health1 and a ',good-,night' besides6 ,and in a twinkling she put a flask of wine on the window-sill and vanished among the flowers and shrubs like a lizard4 ,i stood looking at the wonderful flask for a long time1 not knowing what to think4 ,and if before ,i played the fiddle merrily1 ,i now played it ten times more so1 and ,i sang the song of the ,lady fair all through1 and all the other songs that ,i knew1 until the nightingales wakened outside and the moon and stars lit up the garden4 ,ah1 that was a lovely night6 ,no cradle-song tells the child's future2 a blind hen finds many a grain of wheat2 he laughs best who laughs last2 the unexpected often happens2 man proposes1 ,god disposes3 thus did ,i meditate the next day1 sitting in the garden with my pipe1 and as ,i looked down at myself ,i seemed to myself to be a downright dunce4 ,contrary to all my habits hitherto1 ,i now rose betimes every day1 before the gardener and the other assistants were stirring4 ,it was most beautiful then in the garden4 ,the flowers1 the fountains1 the rose-bushes1 the whole place1 glittered in the morning sunshine like pure gold and jewels4 ,and in the avenues of huge beeches it was as quiet1 cool1 and solemn as a church1 only the little birds fluttered around and pecked in the gravel paths4 ,in front of the castle1 just under the windows1 there was a large bush in full bloom4 ,thither ,i used to go in the early morning1 and crouch down beneath the branches where ,i could watch the windows1 for ,i had not the courage to appear in the open4 ,thence ,i sometimes saw the ,lady fair in a snow-white robe come1 still drowsy and warm1 to the open window4 ,she would stand there braiding her dark-brown hair1 gazing abroad over the garden and shrubbery1 or she would tend and water the flowers upon her window-sill1 or would rest her guitar upon her white arm and sing out into the clear air so wondrously that to this day my heart faints with sadness when one of her songs recurs to me4 ,and ah1 it was all so long ago6 ,so my life passed for a week and more4 ,but once--she was standing at the window and all was quiet around--a confounded fly flew directly up my nose1 and ,i was seized with an interminable fit of sneezing4 ,she leaned far out of the window and discovered me cowering in the shrubbery4 ,i was overcome with mortification and did not go there again for many a day4 ,at last ,i ventured to return to my post1 but the window remained closed4 ,i hid in the bushes for four1 five1 six mornings1 but she did not appear4 ,then ,i grew tired of my hiding-place and came out boldly1 and every morning promenaded bravely beneath all the windows of the castle4 ,but the lovely ,lady fair was not to be seen4 ,at a window a little farther on ,i saw the other lady standing2 ,i had never before seen her so distinctly4 ,she had a fine rosy face1 and was plump1 and as gorgeously attired as a tulip4 ,i always made her a low bow1 and she acknowledged it1 and her eyes twinkled very kindly and courteously4 ,once only1 ,i thought ,i saw the ,lady fair standing behind the curtain at her window1 peeping out4 ,many days passed and ,i did not see her1 either in the garden or at the window4 ,the gardener scolded me for laziness2 ,i was out of humor1 tired of myself and of all about me4 ,i was lying on the grass one ,sunday afternoon1 watching the blue wreaths of smoke from my pipe1 and fretting because ,i had not chosen some other trade which would not have bored me so day after day4 ,the other fellows had all gone off to the dance in the neighboring village4 ,every one was strolling about in ,sunday attire1 the houses were gay1 and there was melody in the very air4 ,but ,i walked off and sat solitary1 like a bittern among the reeds1 by a lonely pond in the garden1 rocking myself in a little skiff tied there1 while the vesper bells sounded faintly from the town and the swans glided to and fro on the placid water4 ,a sadness as of death possessed me4 ,on a sudden ,i heard1 in the distance1 voices talking gaily1 and bursts of merry laughter4 ,they sounded nearer and nearer1 and red and white kerchiefs and hats and feathers were visible through the shrubbery4 ,a party of gentlemen and ladies were coming from the castle1 across the meadow1 directly toward me1 and my two ladies among them4 ,i stood up and was about to retire1 when the elder perceived me4 ,aha1 you are just what we want6 she called to me1 smiling4 ,row us across the pond to the other side4 ,the ladies cautiously took their seats in the boat1 assisted by the gentlemen1 who made quite a parade of their familiarity with the water4 ,when all the ladies were seated1 ,i pushed off from the shore4 ,one of the young gentlemen who stood in the prow began1 unperceived1 to rock the boat4 ,the ladies looked frightened1 and one or two screamed4 ,the ,lady fair1 who had a lily in her hand1 and was sitting well in the centre of the skiff1 looked down with a quiet smile into the clear water1 touching the surface of the pond now and then with a lily1 her image1 amid the reflections of the clouds and trees1 appearing like an angel soaring gently through the deep blue skies4 ,as ,i was gazing at her1 the other of my two ladies1 the plump1 merry one1 suddenly took it into her head that ,i must sing as we glided along4 ,a very elegant young gentleman with an eye-glass1 who sat beside her1 instantly turned to her1 and1 as he kissed her hand1 said1 ,thanks for the poetic idea6 ,a folk-song sung by one of the people in the open air is an ,alpine rose1 upon the very ,alps--the ,alpine horns are nothing but herbaria--the soul of the national consciousness4 ,but ,i said ,i did not know anything fine enough to sing to such great people4 ,then the pert lady's-maid1 who was beside me with a basket of cups and bottles1 and whom ,i had not perceived before1 said1 ,he knows a very pretty little song about a lady fair4 ,yes1 yes1 sing that one6 the lady exclaimed4 ,i felt hot all over1 and the ,lady fair lifted her eyes from the water and gave me a look that went to my very soul4 ,so ,i did not hesitate any longer1 but took heart and sang with all my might might-- ,i gaze around me1 going ,by forest1 dale1 and lea1 ,o'er heights where streams are flowing1 ,my every thought bestowing1 ,ah1 ,lady fair1 on thee6 ,and in my garden1 finding ,bright flowers fresh and rare1 ,while many a wreath ,i'm binding1 ,sweet thoughts therein ,i'm winding ,of thee1 my ,lady fair4 ,for me 'twould be too daring ,to lay them at her feet4 ,they'll soon away be wearing1 ,but love beyond comparing ,is thine1 my ,lady sweet4 ,in early morning waking1 ,i toil with ready smile1 ,and though my heart be breaking1 ,i'll sing to hide its aching1 ,and dig my grave the while4 ,the boat touched the shore1 and all the party got out2 many of the young gentlemen1 as ,i had perceived1 had made game of me in whispers to the ladies while ,i was singing4 ,the gentleman with the eye-glass took my hand as he left the boat1 and said something to me1 ,i do not remember what1 and the elder of my two ladies gave me a kindly glance4 ,the ,lady fair had never raised her eyes all the time ,i was singing1 and she went away without a word4 ,as for me1 before my song was ended the tears stood in my eyes2 my heart seemed like to burst with shame and misery4 ,i understood now for the first time how beautiful she was1 and how poor and despised and forsaken ,i1 and when they had all disappeared behind the bushes ,i could contain myself no longer1 but threw myself down on the grass and wept bitterly4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,the highroad was close on one side of the castle garden1 and separated from it only by a high wall4 ,a very pretty little toll-house with a red-tiled roof stood near1 with a gay little flower-garden inclosed by a picket-fence behind it4 ,a breach in the wall connected this garden with the most secluded and shady part of the castle garden itself4 ,the toll-gate keeper who occupied the cottage died suddenly1 and early one morning1 when ,i was still sound asleep1 the ,secretary from the castle waked me in a great hurry and bade me come immediately to the ,bailiff4 ,i dressed myself as quickly as ,i could and followed the brisk ,secretary1 who1 as we went1 plucked a flower here and there and stuck it into his button-hole1 made scientific lunges in the air with his cane1 and talked steadily to me all the while1 although my eyes and ears were so filled with sleep that ,i could not understand anything he said4 ,when we reached the office1 where as yet it was hardly light1 the ,bailiff1 behind a huge inkstand and piles of books and papers1 looked at me from out of his huge wig like an owl from out its nest1 and began3 ,what's your name8 ,where do you come from8 ,can you read1 write1 and cipher8 ,and when ,i assented1 he went on1 ,well1 her ,grace1 in consideration of your good manners and extraordinary merit1 appoints you to the vacant post of ,receiver of ,toll4 ,i hurriedly passed in mental review the conduct and manners that had hitherto distinguished me1 and was forced to admit that the ,bailiff was right4 ,and so1 before ,i knew it1 ,i was ,receiver of ,toll4 ,i took possession of my dwelling1 and was soon comfortably established there4 ,the deceased toll-gate keeper had left behind him for his successor various articles1 which ,i appropriated1 among others a magnificent scarlet dressing-gown dotted with yellow1 a pair of green slippers1 a tasseled nightcap1 and several long-stemmed pipes4 ,i had often wished for these things at home1 where ,i used to see our village pastor thus comfortably provided4 ,all day long1 therefore--,i had nothing else to do--,i sat on the bench before my house in dressing-gown and nightcap1 smoking the longest pipe from the late toll-gate keeper's collection1 and looking at the people walking1 driving1 and riding on the high-road4 ,i only wished that some of the folks from our village1 who had always said that ,i never would be worth anything1 might happen to pass by and see me thus4 ,the dressing-gown became my complexion1 and suited me extremely well4 ,so ,i sat there and pondered many things--the difficulty of all beginnings1 the great advantages of an easier mode of existence1 for example--and privately resolved to give up travel for the future1 save money like other people1 and in time do something really great in the world4 ,meanwhile1 with all my resolves1 anxieties1 and occupations1 ,i in no wise forgot the ,lady fair4 ,i dug up and threw out of my little garden all the potatoes and other vegetables that ,i found there1 and planted it instead with the choicest flowers1 which proceeding caused the ,porter from the castle with the big ,roman nose--who since ,i had been made ,receiver often came to see me1 and had become my intimate friend--to eye me askance as a person crazed by sudden good fortune4 ,but that did not deter me4 ,for from my little garden ,i could often hear feminine voices not far off in the castle garden1 and among them ,i thought ,i could distinguish the voice of my ,lady fair1 although1 because of the thick shrubbery1 ,i could see nobody4 ,and so every day ,i plucked a nosegay of my finest flowers1 and when it was dark in the evening1 ,i climbed over the wall and laid it upon a marble table in an arbor near by1 and every time that ,i brought a fresh nosegay the old one was gone from the table4 ,one evening all the castle inmates were away hunting2 the sun was just setting1 flooding the landscape with flame and color1 the ,danube wound toward the horizon like a band of gold and fire1 and the vine-dressers on all the hills throughout the country were glad and gay4 ,i was sitting with the ,porter on the bench before my cottage1 enjoying the mild air and the gradual fading to twilight of the brilliant day4 ,suddenly the horns of the returning hunting-party sounded on the air2 the notes were tossed from hill to hill by the echoes4 ,my soul delighted in it all1 and ,i sprang up and exclaimed1 in an intoxication of joy1 ,that is what ,i ought to follow in life1 the huntsman's noble calling6 ,but the ,porter quietly knocked the ashes out of his pipe and said1 ,you only think so2 ,i've tried it4 ,you hardly earn the shoes you wear out1 and you're never without a cough or a cold from perpetually getting your feet wet4 ,i cannot tell how it was1 but upon hearing him speak thus1 ,i was seized with such a fit of foolish rage that ,i fairly trembled4 ,on a sudden the entire fellow1 with his bedizened coat1 his big feet1 his snuff1 his big nose1 and everything about him1 became odious to me4 ,quite beside myself1 ,i seized him by the breast of his coat and said1 ,home with you1 ,porter1 on the instant1 or ,i'll send you there in a way you won't like6 ,at these words the ,porter was more than ever convinced that ,i was crazy4 ,he gazed at me with evident fear1 extricated himself from my grasp1 and went without a word1 looking reproachfully back at me1 and striding toward the castle1 where he reported me as stark1 staring mad4 ,but after all ,i burst into a hearty laugh1 glad in fact to be rid of the pompous fellow1 for it was just the hour when ,i was wont to carry my nosegay to the arbor4 ,i clambered over the wall1 and was just about to place the flowers on the marble table1 when ,i heard the sound of a horse's hoofs at some distance4 ,there was no time for escape2 my ,lady fair was riding slowly along the avenue in a green hunting-habit1 apparently lost in thought4 ,all that ,i had read in an old book of my father's about the beautiful ,magelona came into my head--how she used to appear among the tall forest-trees1 when horns were echoing and evening shadows were flitting through the glades4 ,i could not stir from the spot4 ,she started when she perceived me and paused involuntarily4 ,i was as if intoxicated with intense joy1 dread1 and the throbbing of my heart1 and when ,i saw that she actually wore at her breast the flowers ,i had left yesterday1 ,i could no longer keep silent1 but said in a rapture1 ,fairest ,lady fair1 accept these flowers too1 and all the flowers in my garden1 and everything ,i have6 ,ah1 if ,i could only brave some danger for you6 ,at first she had looked at me so gravely1 almost angrily1 that ,i shivered1 but then she cast down her eyes1 and did not lift them while ,i was speaking4 ,at that moment voices and the tramp of horses were heard in the distance4 ,she snatched the flowers from my hand1 and without saying a word1 swiftly vanished at the end of the avenue4 ,after this evening ,i had neither rest nor peace4 ,i felt continually1 as ,i had always felt when spring was at hand1 restless and merry1 and as if some great good fortune or something extraordinary were about to befall me4 ,my wretched accounts in especial never would come right1 and when the sunshine1 playing among the chestnut boughs before my window1 cast golden-green gleams upon my figures1 illuminating ,bro't over and ,total1 my addition grew sometimes so confused that ,i actually could not count three4 ,the figure eight always looked to me like my stout1 tightly-laced lady with the gay head-dress1 and the provoking seven like a finger-post pointing the wrong way1 or a gallows4 ,the nine was the queerest1 suddenly1 before ,i knew what it was about1 standing on its head to look like six1 whilst two would turn into a pert interrogation-point1 as if to ask me1 ,what in the world is to become of you1 you poor zero8 ,without the others1 the slender 'one' and all the rest1 you never can come to anything6 ,i had no longer any ease in sitting before my door4 ,i took out a stool to make myself more comfortable1 and put my feet upon it2 ,i patched up an old parasol1 and held it over me like a ,chinese pleasure-dome4 ,but all would not do4 ,as ,i sat smoking and speculating1 my legs seemed to stretch to twice their size from weariness1 and my nose lengthened visibly as ,i looked down at it for hours4 ,and when sometimes1 before daybreak1 an express drove up1 and ,i went out1 half asleep1 into the cool air1 and a pretty face1 but dimly seen in the dawning except for its sparkling eyes1 looked out at me from the coach window and kindly bade me good-morning1 while from the villages around the cock's clear crow echoed across the fields of gently-waving grain1 and an early lark1 high in the skies among the flushes of morning1 soared here and there1 and the ,postilion wound his horn and blew1 and blew--as the coach drove off1 ,i would stand looking after it1 feeling as if ,i could not but start off with it on the instant into the wide1 wide world4 ,i still took my flowers every day1 when the sun had set1 to the marble table in the dim arbor4 ,but since that evening all had been over4 ,not a soul took any notice of them1 and when ,i went to look after them early the next morning1 there they lay as ,i had left them1 gazing sadly at me with their heads hanging1 and the dew-drops glistening upon their fading petals as if they were weeping4 ,this distressed me1 and ,i plucked no more flowers4 ,i let the weeds grow in my garden as they pleased1 and the flowers stayed on their stalks until the wind blew them away4 ,within me there were the same desolation and neglect4 ,in this critical state of affairs it happened once that1 as ,i was leaning out of my window gazing dully into vacancy1 the lady's-maid from the castle came tripping across the road4 ,when she saw me she came and stood just outside the window4 ,his ,grace returned from his travels yesterday1 she remarked1 hurriedly4 ,indeed6 ,i said1 surprised1 for ,i had taken no interest in anything for several weeks1 and did not even know that his ,grace had been traveling4 ,then his lovely daughter will be very glad4 ,the maid looked at me with a strange expression of face1 so that ,i began to wonder whether ,i had said anything especially stupid4 ,he knows absolutely nothing6 she said at last1 turning up her little nose4 ,well1 she resumed1 there is to be a ball and masquerade this evening at the castle in honor of his ,grace4 ,my lady is to be dressed as a flower-girl--understand1 as a flower-girl4 ,and she has noticed that you have particularly pretty flowers in your garden4 ,that's strange1 ,i thought to myself2 there is hardly a flower to be seen there for the weeds6 ,but she continued3 ,and since my lady needs perfectly fresh flowers for her costume1 you are to bring her some this evening1 and wait under the big pear-tree in the castle garden when it is dark until she comes for the flowers herself4 ,i was completely dazed with joy at this intelligence1 and in my rapture ,i leaped out of the window and ran after the maid4 ,ugh1 what an ugly dressing-gown6 she exclaimed1 when she saw me with my fluttering robe in the open air4 ,this vexed me1 but1 not to be behindhand in gallantry1 ,i capered gaily after her to give her a kiss4 ,unluckily1 my feet became entangled in my dressing-gown1 which was much too long for me1 and ,i fell flat on the ground4 ,when ,i had picked myself up the maid was gone1 and ,i heard her in the distance laughing fit to kill herself4 ,now ,i had delightful food for my reflections4 ,after all1 she still remembered me and my flowers6 ,i went into my garden and hastily tore up all the weeds from the beds1 throwing them high above my head into the sunlit air1 as if with the roots ,i were eradicating all melancholy and annoyance from my life4 ,once more the roses were like her lips1 the sky-blue convolvulus was like her eyes1 the snowy lily with its pensive1 drooping head was her very image4 ,i put them all tenderly in a little basket2 the evening was calm and lovely1 not a speck of a cloud in the sky4 ,here and there a star appeared2 the murmur of the ,danube was heard afar over the meadows2 in the tall trees of the castle garden countless birds were twittering to one another merrily4 ,ah1 ,i was so happy6 ,when at last night came ,i took my basket on my arm and set out for the large garden4 ,the flowers in the little basket looked so gay1 white1 red1 blue1 and smelled so sweet1 that my very heart laughed when ,i peeped in at them4 ,filled with joyous thoughts1 ,i walked in the lovely moonlight over the trim paths strewn with gravel1 across the little white bridge1 beneath which the swans were sleeping on the bosom of the water1 and past the pretty arbors and summer-houses4 ,i soon found the big pear-tree2 it was the same under which1 while ,i was gardener's boy1 ,i used to lie on sultry afternoons4 ,all around me here was dark and lonely4 ,a tall aspen quivered and kept whispering with its silver leaves4 ,the music from the castle was heard at intervals1 and now and then there were voices in the garden2 sometimes they passed quite near me1 and then all would be still again4 ,my heart beat fast4 ,i had a strange uncomfortable sensation as if ,i were a robber4 ,i stood for a long time stock-still1 leaning against the tree and listening2 but when no one appeared ,i could bear it no longer4 ,i hung my basket on my arm and clambered up into the pear-tree to breathe a purer air4 ,the music of the dance floated up to me over the tree-tops4 ,i overlooked the entire garden and gazed directly into the brilliantly illuminated windows of the castle4 ,chandeliers glittered there like galaxies of stars2 a multitude of gaily-dressed gentlemen and ladies wandered and waltzed and whirled about unrecognizable1 like the gay figures of a magic-lantern2 at times some of them leaned out of the windows and looked down into the garden4 ,in front of the castle the brilliant light gilded the grass1 the shrubbery1 and the trees1 so that the flowers and the birds seemed to be aroused by it4 ,all around and below me1 however1 the garden lay black and still4 ,she is dancing there now1 ,i thought to myself up in the tree1 and has long since forgotten you and your flowers4 ,all are gay2 not a human being cares for you in the least4 ,and thus it is with me1 always and everywhere4 ,every one has his little nook marked out for him on this earth1 his warm hearth1 his cup of coffee1 his wife1 his glass of wine in the evening1 and is perfectly happy2 even the ,porter with his big nose is content4 ,for me there is no place1 ,i seem to be just too late everywhere2 the world has not a bit of need of me4 ,as ,i was philosophizing thus1 ,i suddenly heard something rustle on the grass below me4 ,two soft voices were speaking together in a low tone4 ,in a moment the foliage of the shrubbery was parted1 and the lady's-maid's little face appeared among the leaves1 peering about on all sides4 ,the moonlight sparkled in her saucy eyes as they peeped out4 ,i held my breath and stared down at her4 ,before long the flower-girl did actually appear among the trees1 just as the maid had described her to me yesterday4 ,my heart throbbed as if it would burst4 ,she had on a mask1 and seemed to be gazing around in surprise4 ,somehow she did not look to me as slender and graceful as she had been4 ,at last she reached the tree1 and took off her mask4 ,it was the other--the elder lady6 ,how glad ,i was1 when ,i had recovered from the first shock1 that ,i was up here in safety6 ,how in the world did she chance to come here8 ,if the dear1 lovely ,lady fair should happen to come at this instant for her flowers1 there would be a fine to-do6 ,i could have cried for vexation at the whole affair4 ,meanwhile the disguised flower-girl beneath me began3 ,it is so stifling hot in the ball-room1 ,i had to come out to cool myself in this lovely open air4 ,thereupon she fanned herself with her mask and puffed and blew4 ,in the bright moonlight ,i could plainly see how swollen were the cords of her neck2 she looked very angry and quite scarlet in the face4 ,the lady's maid was all the while searching behind every bush1 as if she were looking for a lost pin4 ,i do so need more fresh flowers for my character1 the flower-girl continued4 ,where can he be8 ,the maid went on searching1 and kept chuckling to herself4 ,what did you say1 ,rosetta8 the flower-girl asked1 shrewishly4 ,i say what ,i always have said1 the maid replied1 putting on a very serious1 honest face2 the ,receiver is a lazy fellow2 of course he is lying behind some bush sound asleep4 ,my blood tingled with longing to jump down and defend my reputation1 when on a sudden a burst of music and loud shouts were heard from the castle4 ,the flower-girl could stay no longer4 ,the people are cheering his ,grace1 she said passionately4 ,come1 we shall be missed6 ,and she clapped on her mask in a hurry1 and ran in a rage with the maid toward the castle4 ,the trees and bushes seemed to point after her with long1 derisive fingers1 the moonlight danced nimbly up and down over her stout figure as though over the key-board of a piano1 and thus to the sound of trumpets and kettle-drums she made her exit1 like many a singer whom ,i have seen upon the stage4 ,i1 seated above in my tree1 was downright bewildered1 and gazed fixedly at the castle2 a circle of tall torches upon the steps of the entrance cast a strange glare upon the glittering windows and deep into the garden2 the assembled servants were to serenade their master4 ,in the midst of them stood the gorgeous ,porter1 like a minister of state1 before a music-stand1 working away busily at a bassoon4 ,just as ,i had settled myself to listen to the beautiful serenade1 the folding-doors leading to the balcony above the entrance parted4 ,a tall gentleman1 very handsome and dignified1 in uniform and glittering with orders1 stepped out on the balcony1 leading by the hand the lovely young ,lady fair1 dressed in white like a lily in the night1 or like the moon in the clear skies4 ,i could not take my eyes from her1 and garden1 trees1 and fields disappeared before me1 as she stood there tall and slender1 so wondrously illuminated by the torch-light1 now speaking with such grace to the young officer1 and now nodding down kindly to the musicians4 ,the people below were beside themselves with delight1 and at last ,i too could restrain myself no longer1 and joined in the cheers with all my might4 ,but when1 soon after1 she disappeared from the balcony1 one after another the torches below were extinguished and the music-stands cleared away1 and the garden around was once more dark1 and the trees rustled as before--then it all became clear to me2 ,i saw that it was really only the aunt who had ordered the flowers of me1 that the ,lady fair never thought of me and had been married long ago1 and that ,i myself was a big fool4 ,all this plunged me into an abyss of reflection4 ,i rolled myself round like a hedgehog on the prickles of my own thoughts4 ,snatches of music still reached me now and then from the ball-room--the clouds floated lonely away above the dim garden4 ,and there ,i sat1 all through the night1 up in the tree1 like a night-owl1 amid the ruins of my happiness4 ,the cool breeze of morning aroused me at last from my dreamings4 ,i was startled as ,i looked about me4 ,the music and dancing had long since ceased1 and everything around the castle and on the lawn1 and the marble steps and columns1 all looked quiet1 cool1 and solemn2 the fountain alone plashed on before the entrance4 ,here and there in the boughs near me the birds were awaking1 shaking their bright feathers1 and as they stretched their little wings1 peering curiously and amazed at their strange fellow-sleeper4 ,the joyous rays of morning flashed across my breast and over the garden4 ,i stood erect in my tree1 and for the first time for a long while looked far abroad over the country1 to where the ships glided down the ,danube among the vineyards1 and the high-roads1 still deserted1 stretched like bridges across the gleaming landscape and far over the distant hills and valleys4 ,i cannot tell how it was1 but all at once my former love of travel took possession of me1 all the old melancholy1 and delight1 and ardent expectation4 ,and at the same moment ,i thought of the ,lady fair over in the castle sleeping among flowers1 beneath silken coverlets1 with an angel surely keeping watch beside her bed in the silence of the dawn4 ,no6 ,i cried aloud4 ,i must go away from here1 far1 far away--as far as the sky stretches its blue arch6 ,as ,i uttered the words ,i tossed my basket high into the air1 so that it was beautiful to see how the flowers fell among the branches and lay in gay colors on the green sod below4 ,then ,i got down as quickly as possible1 and went through the quiet garden to my dwelling4 ,i paused many times at spots where ,i had seen her pass1 or where ,i had lain in the shade and thought of her4 ,in and about my cottage all was just as ,i had left it the day before4 ,the garden was torn up and laid waste1 the big account-book lay open on the table in my room1 my fiddle1 which ,i had almost clean forgotten1 hung dusty on the wall2 a ray of morning light glittered upon the strings4 ,it struck a chord in my heart4 ,yes1 ,i said1 come here1 thou faithful instrument6 ,our kingdom is not of this world6 ,so ,i took the fiddle from the wall1 and leaving behind me the account-book1 dressing-gown1 slippers1 pipes1 and parasol1 ,i walked out of my cottage1 as poor as when ,i entered it1 and down along the gleaming high-road4 ,i looked back often and often2 ,i felt very strange1 sad1 and yet merry1 like a bird escaping from his cage4 ,and when ,i had walked some distance ,i took out my fiddle and sang-- ,i wander on1 in ,god confiding1 ,for all are ,his1 wood1 field1 and fell2 ,o'er earth and skies ,he still presiding1 ,for me will order all things well4 ,the castle1 the garden1 and the spires of ,vienna vanished behind me in the morning mists2 far above me countless larks exulted in the air2 thus1 past gay villages and hamlets and over green hills1 ,i wandered on toward ,italy4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,here was a puzzle6 ,it had never occurred to me that ,i did not know my way4 ,not a human being was to be seen in the quiet early morning whom ,i could question1 and right before me the road divided into many roads1 which went on far1 far over the highest mountains1 as though to the very end of the world--so that ,i actually grew giddy as ,i looked along them4 ,at last a peasant appeared1 going to church ,i fancy1 as it was ,sunday1 in an old-fashioned coat with large silver buttons1 and swinging a long malacca cane with a massive silver head1 which sparkled from afar in the sunlight4 ,i immediately asked him very politely1 ,can you tell me which is the road to ,italy8 ,the fellow stood still1 stared at me1 thrust out his under lip reflectively1 and stared at me again4 ,i began once more3 ,to ,italy1 where oranges grow4 ,what do ,i care for your oranges6 said the peasant1 and walked on sturdily4 ,i should have credited the fellow with more politeness1 for he really looked very fine4 ,what was to be done8 ,turn round and go back to my native village8 ,why1 the folks would have jeered me1 and the boys would have run after me crying1 ,oh1 indeed6 you're welcome back from 'out in the world4' ,how does it look 'out in the world8' ,haven't you brought us some ginger-nuts from 'out in the world8' ,the ,porter with the ,high ,roman nose1 who certainly was familiar with ,universal ,history1 used often to say to me1 ,respected ,herr ,receiver1 ,italy is a beautiful country2 the dear ,god takes care of every one there4 ,you can lie on your back in the sunshine and raisins drop into your mouth2 and if a tarantula bites you1 you dance with the greatest ease1 although you never in your life before learned to dance4 ,ay1 to ,italy6 to ,italy6 ,i shouted with delight1 and1 heedless of any choice of roads1 hurried on along the first that came4 ,after ,i had gone a little way ,i saw on the right a most beautiful orchard1 with the morning sun shimmering on the trunks and through the tree-tops so brilliantly that it looked as if the ground were spread with golden rugs4 ,as no one was in sight1 ,i clambered over the low fence and lay down comfortably on the grass under an apple-tree2 all my limbs were still aching from camping out in the tree on the previous night4 ,from where ,i lay ,i could see far abroad over the country1 and as it was ,sunday the sound of the church-bells from the far distance came to me over the quiet fields1 and gaily-dressed peasants were walking across the meadows and along the lanes to church4 ,i was glad at heart2 the birds sang in the tree overhead2 ,i thought of my father's mill1 and of the garden of the lovely ,lady fair1 and of how far1 far away it all was--until ,i fell sound asleep4 ,i dreamed that the ,lady fair came walking1 or rather slowly flying1 toward me from the lovely landscape to the music of the church-bells1 in long white robes that waved in the rosy morning4 ,then again it seemed that we were not in a strange country1 but in my native village1 in the deep shade beside the mill4 ,but everything was still and deserted1 as it is when the people are all gone to church and only the solemn sounds of the organ wafted down through the trees break the stillness2 ,i was oppressed with melancholy4 ,but the ,lady fair was very kind and gentle1 and put her hand in mine and walked along with me1 and sang1 amid this solitude1 the beautiful song that she used to sing to her guitar early in the morning at her open window1 and in the placid mill-pool ,i saw her image1 lovelier even than herself1 except that the eyes were wondrous large and looked at me so strangely that ,i was almost afraid4 ,then suddenly the mill-wheel began to turn1 at first slowly1 then faster and more noisily2 the pool became dark and troubled1 the ,lady fair turned very pale1 and her robes grew longer and longer1 and fluttered wildly in long strips like pennons of mist up toward the skies2 the roaring of the mill-wheel sounded ever louder1 and it seemed as though it were the ,porter blowing upon his bassoon1 so that ,i waked up with my heart throbbing violently4 ,in fact1 a breeze had arisen1 which was gently stirring the leaves of the apple-tree above me2 but the noise and roaring came neither from the mill nor from the ,porter's bassoon1 but from the same peasant who had before refused to show me the way to ,italy4 ,he had taken off his ,sunday coat and put on a white smock-frock4 ,oho6 he said1 as ,i rubbed my sleepy eyes1 do you want to pick your oranges here1 that you trample down all my grass instead of going to church1 you lazy lout1 you8 ,i was vexed that the boor should have waked me1 and ,i started up and cried1 ,hold your tongue6 ,i have been a better gardener than you will ever be1 and a ,receiver1 and if you had been driving to town1 you would have had to take off your dirty cap to me1 sitting at my door in my yellow-dotted1 red dressing-gown-- ,but the fellow was nothing daunted1 and1 putting his arms akimbo1 merely asked1 ,what do you want here8 eh6 eh6 ,i saw that he was a short1 stubbed1 bow-legged fellow1 with protruding goggle-eyes1 and a red1 rather crooked nose4 ,and when he went on saying nothing but ,eh6 eh6 and kept advancing toward me step by step1 ,i was suddenly seized with so curious a sensation of disgust that ,i hastily jumped to my feet1 leaped over the fence1 and1 without looking round1 ran across country until my fiddle in my pocket twanged again4 ,when at last ,i stopped to take breath1 the orchard and the whole valley were out of sight and ,i was in a beautiful forest4 ,but ,i took little note of it1 for ,i was downright provoked at the peasant's impertinence1 and ,i fumed for a long time1 to myself4 ,i walked on quickly1 going farther and farther from the high-road and in among the mountains4 ,the plank-roadway which ,i had been following ceased1 and before me was only a narrow1 unfrequented foot-path4 ,not a soul was to be seen anywhere1 and no sound was to be heard4 ,but it was very pleasant walking2 the trees rustled and the birds sang sweetly4 ,i resigned myself to the guidance of heaven1 and1 taking out my violin1 played all my favorite airs4 ,very joyous they sounded in the lonely forest4 ,i grew tired of playing after a while1 for ,i stumbled every minute over the tiresome roots of the trees1 and ,i began to grow very hungry1 while the wood seemed endless4 ,thus ,i wandered for the entire day1 until the sun's rays came aslant through the trunks of the trees1 when at last ,i emerged on a little grassy vale shut in by the mountains and gay with red and yellow flowers1 above which myriads of butterflies were fluttering in the golden light of the setting sun4 ,it was as secluded here as though the world had been hundreds of miles away4 ,the crickets chirped1 and a shepherd lad lying among the tall grasses blew so melancholy an air upon his horn that it was enough to break one's heart4 ,yes1 thought ,i to myself1 who has as happy a lot as a lazy lout6 ,some of us1 though1 have to wander about among strangers1 and be always on the go4 ,as a lovely1 clear stream separated me from him1 ,i called to him to ask where the nearest village was4 ,but he did not disturb himself to reply--only stretched his head a little out of the grass1 pointed with his horn to the opposite wood1 and coolly resumed his piping4 ,i marched on briskly1 for twilight was at hand4 ,the birds1 which had made a great clatter while the sun was disappearing on the horizon1 suddenly fell silent1 and ,i began to feel almost afraid1 so solemn was the perpetual rustling of the lonely forest4 ,at last ,i heard dogs barking in the distance4 ,i walked more quickly1 the forest grew less and less dense1 and in a little while ,i saw through the last trees a beautiful village-green1 where a crowd of children were frolicking1 and capering around a huge linden in the centre4 ,opposite me was an inn1 and at a table before it were seated some peasants playing cards and smoking4 ,on one side a number of lads and lasses were gathered in a group1 the girls with their arms rolled in their aprons1 and all gossiping together in the cool of the evening4 ,i took very little time for consideration1 but1 drawing my fiddle from my pocket1 ,i played a merry waltz as ,i came out from the forest4 ,the girls were surprised1 and the old folks laughed so that the woods reechoed with their merriment4 ,but when ,i reached the linden1 and1 leaning my back against it1 went on playing gay waltzes1 a whisper went round among the groups of young people to the right and left2 the lads laid aside their pipes1 each put his arm around his lass's waist1 and in the twinkling of an eye the young folk were all waltzing around me2 the dogs barked1 skirts and coat-tails fluttered1 and the children stood around me in a circle gazing curiously into my face and at my briskly-moving fingers4 ,when the first waltz was ended1 it was easy to see how good music loosens the limbs4 ,the peasant lads1 who had before been restlessly shuffling about on the benches1 with their pipes in their mouths and their legs stretched out stiffly in front of them1 were positively transformed1 and1 with their gay handkerchiefs hanging from the button-holes of their coats1 capered about with the lasses so that it was a pleasure to look at them4 ,one of them1 who evidently thought a deal of himself1 fumbled in his waistcoat-pocket for a long while1 that the others might see him1 and finally brought out a little silver coin1 which he tried to put into my hand4 ,it irritated me1 although ,i had not a stiver in my pocket4 ,i told him to keep his pennies1 ,i was playing only for joy1 because ,i was glad to be among people once more4 ,soon afterward1 however1 a pretty girl came up to me with a great tankard of wine4 ,musicians are thirsty folk1 she said1 with a laugh that displayed her pearls of teeth gleaming so temptingly between her red lips that ,i should have liked to kiss her then and there4 ,she put the tankard to her charming mouth1 and her eyes sparkled at me over its rim2 she then handed it to me2 ,i drained it to the bottom1 and played afresh1 till all were spinning merrily about me once more4 ,by and by the old peasants finished their game1 and the young people grew tired and separated1 so that gradually all was quiet and deserted in front of the inn4 ,the girl who had brought me the wine also walked toward the village1 but she went very slowly1 and looked around from time to time as if she had forgotten something4 ,at last she stopped and seemed to search for it on the ground1 but as she stooped ,i saw her glance toward me from under her arm4 ,i had learned polite manners at the castle1 so ,i sprang toward her and said1 ,have you lost anything1 my pretty ma'amselle8 ,she blushed crimson4 ,ah1 no1 she said2 it was only a rose2 will you have it8 ,i thanked her1 and stuck the rose in my button-hole4 ,she looked very kindly at me1 and said1 ,you play beautifully4 ,yes1 ,i replied1 it is a gift from ,god4 ,musicians are very rare in the country about here1 she began again1 then stammered1 and cast down her eyes4 ,you might earn a deal of money here4 ,my father plays the fiddle a little1 and likes to hear about foreign countries--and my father is very rich4 ,then she laughed1 and said1 ,if you only would not waggle your head so1 when you play4 ,my dearest girl1 ,i said1 do not blush so--and as for the tremoloso motion of the head1 we can't help it1 great musicians all do it4 ,oh1 indeed6 rejoined the girl4 ,she was about to say more1 when a terrible racket arose in the inn2 the front door was opened with a bang1 and a tall1 lean fellow was shot out of it like a ramrod1 after which it was slammed to behind him4 ,at the first sound the girl ran off like a deer and vanished in the darkness4 ,the man picked himself up and began to rave against the inn with such volubility that it was a wonder to hear him4 ,what6 he yelled1 ,i drunk8 ,i not pay the chalk-marks on your smoky door8 ,rub them out6 rub them out6 ,did ,i not shave you yesterday over a ladle1 and cut you just under the nose so that you bit the ladle in two8 ,shaving takes off one mark2 ladle1 another mark2 court-plaster on your nose1 another4 ,how many more of your dirty marks do you want to have paid8 ,but all right--all right4 ,i'll let the whole village1 the whole world go unshaved4 ,wear your beards1 for all ,i care1 till they are so long that at the judgment-day the ,almighty will not know whether you are ,jews or ,christians4 ,yes1 hang yourselves with your beards1 shaggy bears that you are6 ,here he burst into tears and1 in a maudlin1 falsetto voice1 sobbed out1 ,am ,i to drink water like a wretched fish8 ,is that loving your neighbor8 ,am ,i not a man and a skilled surgeon8 ,ah1 ,i am beside myself today2 my heart is full of pity1 and of love for my fellow-creatures4 ,and then1 finding that all was quiet in the house1 he began to walk away4 ,when he saw me1 he came plunging toward me with outstretched arms4 ,i thought the fellow was about to embrace me1 and sprang aside1 letting him stumble on in the darkness1 where ,i heard him discoursing to himself for some time4 ,all sorts of fancies filled my brain4 ,the girl who had given me the rose was young1 pretty1 and rich4 ,i could make my fortune before one could turn round4 ,and sheep and pigs1 turkeys1 and fat geese stuffed with apples--verily1 ,i seemed to see the ,porter strutting up to me3 ,seize your luck1 ,receiver1 seize your luck6 ',marry young1 you're never wrong2' take home your bride1 live in the country1 and live well4 ,plunged in these philosophical reflections1 ,i sat me down on a stone1 for1 since ,i had no money1 ,i did not venture to knock at the inn4 ,the moon shone brilliantly1 the forests on the mountain-side murmured in the still night2 now and then a dog barked in the village which lay farther down the valley1 buried1 as it were1 beneath foliage and moonlight4 ,i gazed up at the heavens1 where a few clouds were sailing slowly and now and then a falling star shot down from the zenith4 ,thus this same moon1 thought ,i1 is shining down upon my father's mill and upon his ,grace's castle4 ,everything there is quiet by this time1 the ,lady fair is asleep1 and the fountains and leaves in the garden are whispering just as they used to whisper1 all the same whether ,i am there1 or here1 or dead4 ,and the world seemed to me so terribly big1 and ,i so utterly alone in it1 that ,i could have wept from the very depths of my heart4 ,while ,i was thus sitting there1 suddenly ,i heard the sound of horses' hoofs in the forest4 ,i held my breath and listened as the sound came nearer and nearer1 until ,i could hear the horses snorting4 ,soon afterward two horsemen appeared under the trees1 but paused at the edge of the woods1 and talked together in low1 very eager tones1 as ,i could see by the moving shadows which were thrown across the bright village-green1 and by their long dark arms pointing in various directions4 ,how often at home1 when my mother1 now dead1 had told me of savage forests and fierce robbers1 had ,i privately longed to be a part of such a story6 ,i was well paid now for my silly1 rash longings4 ,i reached up the linden-tree1 beneath which ,i was sitting1 as high as ,i could1 unobserved1 until ,i clasped the lowest branch1 and then ,i swung myself up4 ,but just as ,i had got my body half across the branch1 and was about to drag my legs up after it1 one of the horsemen trotted briskly across the green toward me4 ,i shut my eyes tight amid the thick foliage1 and did not stir4 ,who is there8 a voice called directly under me4 ,nobody6 ,i yelled in terror at being detected1 although ,i could not but laugh to myself at the thought of how the rogues would look when they should turn my empty pockets inside out4 ,aha6 said the robber1 whose are these legs1 then1 hanging down here8 ,there was no help for it4 ,they are1 ,i replied1 only a couple of legs of a poor1 lost musician4 ,and ,i hastily let myself drop1 for ,i was ashamed to hang there any longer like a broken fork4 ,the rider's horse shied when ,i dropped so suddenly from the tree4 ,he patted the animal's neck1 and said1 laughing1 ,well1 we too are lost1 so we are comrades2 perhaps you can help us to find the road to ,b4 ,you shall be no loser by it4 ,i assured him that ,i knew nothing about the road to ,b41 and said that ,i would ask in the inn1 or would conduct them to the village4 ,but the man would not listen to reason2 he drew from his girdle a pistol1 the barrel of which glittered in the moonlight4 ,my dear fellow1 he said in a very friendly tone1 as he wiped off the glittering barrel and then ran his eye along it--my dear fellow1 you will have the kindness to go yourself before us to ,b4 ,verily1 ,i was in a scrape4 ,if ,i chanced to hit the right road1 ,i should certainly get into the midst of the robber band and be beaten because ,i had no money2 if ,i did not find the road1 ,i should be beaten of course4 ,i wasted very little thought upon the matter1 but took the first road at hand1 the one past the inn which led away from the village4 ,the horseman galloped back to his companion1 and both followed me slowly at some distance4 ,thus we wandered on foolishly enough at hap-hazard through the moonlit night4 ,the road led through forests on the side of a mountain4 ,sometimes we could see1 above the tops of the pines stirring darkly beneath us1 far abroad into the deep1 silent valleys2 now and then a nightingale burst into song2 the dogs bayed in the distant villages4 ,a brook babbled ceaselessly from the depths below us1 and here and there glistened in the moonlight4 ,the hush was disturbed by the monotonous tramp of the horses and by the stir and movement of their riders1 who talked together incessantly in a foreign tongue1 and the bright moonlight contrasted sharply with the long shadows of the trees1 which swept across the figures of the horsemen1 making them appear now black1 now light1 now dwarfish1 and anon gigantic4 ,my thoughts grew strangely confused1 as though in a dream from which ,i could not waken1 but ,i marched straight ahead4 ,we certainly must reach the end of the forest and of the night too1 ,i thought4 ,at last long1 rosy streaks flushed the horizon here and there but faintly1 as when one breathes upon a mirror1 and a lark began to sing high up above the peaceful valley4 ,my heart at once grew perfectly light at the approach of dawn1 and all fear left me4 ,the two horsemen stretched themselves1 looked around1 and seemed for the first time to suspect that we might not have taken the right road4 ,they chatted much1 and ,i could perceive that they were talking of me2 it even seemed to me that one of them began to mistrust me1 as though ,i were a rogue trying to lead them astray in the forest4 ,this amused me mightily1 for the lighter it grew the greater grew my courage1 until we emerged upon a fine1 spacious opening4 ,here ,i looked about me quite savagely1 and whistled once or twice through my fingers1 as scoundrels always do when they wish to signal one another4 ,halt6 exclaimed one of the horsemen1 so suddenly that ,i jumped4 ,when ,i looked round ,i saw that both had alighted and had tied their horses to a tree4 ,one of them came up to me rapidly1 stared me full in the face1 and then burst into a fit of immoderate laughter4 ,i must confess this senseless merriment irritated me4 ,but he said1 ,why1 it is actually the gardener--,i should say the ,receiver1 from the castle6 ,i stared at him in turn1 but could not remember who he was2 indeed1 ,i should have had enough to do to recognize all the young gentlemen who came and went at the castle4 ,he kept up an eternal laughter1 however1 declaring1 ,this is magnificent6 ,you're taking a holiday1 ,i see2 we are just in want of a servant2 stay with us and you will have a perpetual holiday4 ,i was dumbfounded1 and said at last that ,i was just on my way to visit ,italy4 ,italy8 the stranger rejoined4 ,that is just where we wish to go6 ,ah1 if that be so6 ,i exclaimed1 and1 taking out my fiddle1 ,i tuned up so that all the birds in the wood awaked4 ,the young fellow immediately threw his arm around his companion1 and they waltzed about the meadow like mad4 ,suddenly they stood still4 ,by heavens1 exclaimed one1 ,i can see the church-tower of ,b46 ,we shall soon be there4 ,he took out his watch and made it repeat1 then shook his head1 and made the watch strike again4 ,no1 he said1 it will not do2 we should arrive too early1 and that might be very bad4 ,then they brought out from their saddle-bags cakes1 cutlets1 and bottles of wine1 spread a gay cloth on the grass1 stretched themselves beside it1 and feasted to their hearts' content1 sharing all generously with me1 which ,i greatly enjoyed1 seeing that for some days ,i had not had over and above enough to eat4 ,and let me tell you1 one of them said to me--but you do not know us yet8 ,i shook my head4 ,then let me tell you4 ,i am the painter ,lionardo1 and my friend here is a painter also1 called ,guido4 ,i could see the two painters more clearly in the dawning morning4 ,herr ,lionardo was tall1 brown1 and slender1 with merry1 ardent eyes4 ,the other was much younger1 smaller1 and more delicate1 dressed in antique ,german style1 as the ,porter called it1 with a white collar and bare throat1 about which hung dark brown curls1 which he was often obliged to toss aside from his pretty face4 ,when he had breakfasted1 he picked up my fiddle1 which ,i had laid on the grass beside me1 seated himself upon the fallen trunk of a tree1 and strummed the strings4 ,then he sang in a voice clear as a wood-robin's1 so that it went to my very heart heart-- ,when the earliest morning ray ,through the valley finds its way1 ,hill and forest fair awaking1 ,all who can their flight are taking4 ,and the lad who's free from care ,shouts1 with cap flung high in air1 ',song its flight can aye be winging2 ,let me1 then1 be ever singing4' ,as he sang1 the ruddy rays of morning exquisitely illumined his pale face and dark1 love-lit eyes4 ,but ,i was so tired that the words and notes of his song mingled and blended strangely in my ears1 until at last ,i fell sound asleep4 ,when1 by and by1 ,i began gradually to awaken1 ,i heard1 as in a dream1 the two painters talking together beside me1 and the birds singing overhead1 while the morning sun shining through my closed eyelids produced the sensation of looking toward the light through red curtains4 ,com' bello6 ,i heard some one exclaim close to me4 ,i opened my eyes1 and saw the younger painter bending over me in the clear morning light1 so near that ,i seemed to see only his large black eyes between his drooping curls4 ,i sprang up hastily1 for it was broad day4 ,herr ,lionardo seemed cross--he had two angry furrows on his brow--and hastily made ready to move on4 ,but the other painter shook his curls away from his face and quietly hummed an air to himself as he was bridling his steed1 until at last ,lionardo burst into a sudden fit of laughter1 picked up a bottle standing on the grass1 and poured the contents into a couple of glasses4 ,to our happy arrival6 he exclaimed1 as the two clinked their glasses melodiously4 ,whereupon ,lionardo tossed the empty bottle high in the air1 and it sparkled brilliantly4 ,at last they mounted their horses1 and ,i marched on beside them4 ,just at our feet lay a valley in measureless extent1 into which our road descended4 ,how clear and fresh and bright and jubilant were all the sights and sounds around6 ,i was so cool1 so happy1 that ,i felt as if ,i could have flown from the mountain out into the glorious landscape4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,farewell1 mill1 and castle1 and ,porter6 ,we went at such a pace that the wind nearly blew my hat off4 ,right and left1 villages1 towns1 and vineyards flew past in a twinkling2 behind me the two painters were seated in the carriage1 before me were four horses and a gorgeous postilion1 while ,i1 seated high up on the box1 bounced into the air from time to time4 ,it had happened thus3 ,arrived at ,b41 while we were as yet in the outskirts a tall1 thin1 crusty gentleman in a green plush coat came to meet us1 and1 with many obeisances to the two painters1 conducted us into the village1 where1 beneath the tall linden beside the post-station1 stood a fine carriage with four post-horses4 ,herr ,lionardo meanwhile insisted that ,i had outgrown my clothes1 and in a trice he produced another suit from his portmanteau1 and ,i had to put on a beautiful new dress-coat and vest2 very fine to see1 but they were too long and too wide for me1 and absolutely fluttered about me4 ,and ,i also had a brand-new hat1 which shone in the sunlight as if it had been smeared with fresh butter4 ,then the crusty stranger gentleman took the bridles of the two horses which the painters had been riding1 the painters themselves got into the carriage1 ,i mounted upon the box1 and we started1 just as the postmaster poked his head out of the window1 in his nightcap4 ,the postilion blew his horn merrily1 and we were off for ,italy4 ,i led a magnificent existence up there1 like a bird in the air1 except that ,i did not need to fly4 ,i had absolutely nothing to do but to sit on the box day and night1 and bring out food and drink to the carriage from the inns1 for the painters never alighted1 and in the daytime they shut the carriage windows close1 as if the sun would have killed them2 only now and then ,herr ,guido put his pretty head out of the carriage window and chatted kindly with me1 laughing the while at ,herr ,lionardo1 who always seemed to dislike these talks4 ,once or twice ,i nearly fell into disgrace with my master--the first time because on a clear starry night ,i began to play the fiddle up there on my box1 and then because of my sleeping4 ,it was strange6 ,i longed to see all that ,i could of ,italy1 and opened my eyes wide every fifteen minutes4 ,and yet1 after ,i had gazed steadily about me for a while1 the sixteen trotting feet before me would grow indistinct and dreamy1 my eyes would gradually close1 and at last ,i would fall into a slumber so profound and invincible that it was impossible to rouse me4 ,then day or night1 rain or sunshine1 ,tyrol or ,italy1 it was all the same2 ,i swayed first to the right1 then to the left1 then backward--nay1 sometimes my head nodded down so low that my hat dropped off1 and ,herr ,guido screamed aloud4 ,thus we had passed1 ,i hardly know how1 half through the part of ,italy that they call ,lombardy1 when on a fine evening we stopped at a country inn4 ,the post-horses were to be ready for us at the neighboring station in a couple of hours1 so the painters left the carriage1 and were shown into a special apartment1 to rest a little1 and to write some letters4 ,i was greatly pleased1 and betook myself to the common room to eat and drink in comfort4 ,here everything looked rather disreputable3 the maids were going about with their hair in disorder and their neckerchiefs awry1 exposing their sallow skin2 the men-servants were at their supper in blue smock-frocks1 around a circular table1 whence they glowered at me from time to time4 ,they all wore their hair tied behind in a short1 thick queue which looked quite dandified4 ,here you are1 ,i said to myself1 as ,i ate my supper1 here you are in the country from which such queer people used to come to the ,herr ,pastor's with mouse-traps1 and barometers1 and pictures4 ,how much a man learns who makes up his mind not to stick close to his own hearth-stone all his life6 ,as ,i was thus eating my supper and meditating1 a little man1 who had been sitting in a dim corner of the room over a glass of wine1 darted out of his nook at me like a spider4 ,he was quite short and crooked1 and he had a big ugly head1 with a long hooked nose and sparse red whiskers1 while his powdered hair stood on end all over his head as if a hurricane had swept over it4 ,he wore an old-fashioned1 threadbare dress-coat1 short1 plush breeches1 and faded silk stockings4 ,he had once been in ,germany1 and prided himself upon his knowledge of ,german4 ,he sat down by me and asked a hundred questions1 perpetually taking snuff the while--,was ,i the servitore8 ,when did we arrive8 ,had we gone to ,roma8 ,all this ,i myself did not know1 and really ,i could not understand his gibberish4 ,parlez-vous franais8 ,i asked him at last in my distress4 ,he shook his big head1 and ,i was very glad1 for neither did ,i speak ,french4 ,but it was of no use1 he had taken me in hand1 and went on asking question after question2 the more we parleyed the less we understood each other1 until at last we both grew angry1 and ,i actually thought the ,signor would have liked to peck me with his hooked beak1 until the maids1 who had been listening to our confusion of tongues1 laughed heartily at us4 ,i put down my knife and fork and went out of doors2 for in this strange land ,i1 with my ,german tongue1 seemed to have sunk down fathoms deep into the sea1 where all sorts of unfamiliar1 crawling creatures were gliding about me1 peopling the solitude and glaring and snapping at me4 ,outside1 the summer night was warm and inviting4 ,from the distant vineyards a laborer's song now and then fell on the ear2 there was lightning low on the horizon1 and the landscape seemed to tremble and whisper in the moonlight4 ,sometimes ,i thought ,i perceived a tall1 dim figure gliding behind the hazel hedge in front of the house and peeping through the twigs1 and then all would be motionless4 ,suddenly ,herr ,guido appeared on the balcony above me4 ,he did not see me1 and began to play with great skill on a zither which he must have found in the house1 singing to it like a nightingale3 ,when the yearning heart is stilled ,as in dreams1 the forest sighing1 ,to the listening earth replying1 ,tells the thoughts with which 'twas filled3 ,days long vanished1 soothing sorrow-- ,from the ,past a light they borrow1 ,and the heart is gently thrilled4 ,i do not know whether he sang any more1 for ,i had stretched myself on a bench outside the door1 and ,i fell asleep in the warm air from sheer exhaustion4 ,a couple of hours must have passed1 when ,i was roused by the winding of a post-horn1 which sounded merrily in my dreams for a while before ,i fully recovered consciousness4 ,at last ,i sprang up2 day was already dawning on the mountains1 and ,i felt through all my limbs the freshness of the morning4 ,then it occurred to me that by this time we ought to be far on our way4 ,aha6 ,i thought1 now it is my turn to laugh4 ,how ,herr ,guido will shake his sleepy1 curly head when he hears me outside6 ,so ,i went close beneath the window in the little garden at the back of the house1 stretched my limbs well in the morning air1 and sang merrily-- ,if the cricket's chirp we hear1 ,then be sure the day is near2 ,when the sun is rising--then ',tis good to go to asleep again4 ,the window of the room where my masters were stood open1 but all within was quiet2 the breeze alone rustled the leaves of the vine that clambered into the window itself4 ,what does this mean8 ,i exclaimed in surprise1 and ran into the house1 and through the silent corridors1 to the room4 ,but when ,i opened the door my heart stood still with dismay2 the room was perfectly empty2 not a coat1 not a hat1 not a boot1 anywhere4 ,only the zither upon which ,herr ,guido had played was hanging on the wall1 and on the table in the centre of the room lay a purse full of money1 with a card attached to it4 ,i took it to the window1 and could scarcely trust my eyes when ,i read1 in large letters1 ,for the ,herr ,receiver6 ,but what good could it all do me if ,i could not find my dear1 merry masters again8 ,i thrust the purse into my deep coat-pocket1 where it plumped down as into a well and almost pulled me over backward4 ,then ,i rushed out1 and made a great noise1 and waked up all the maids and men in the house4 ,they could not imagine what was the matter1 and thought ,i must have gone crazy4 ,but they were not a little amazed when they saw the empty nest4 ,no one knew anything of my masters4 ,one maid only had observed--so far as ,i could make out from her signs and gesticulations--that ,herr ,guido1 when he was singing on the balcony on the previous evening1 had suddenly screamed aloud1 and had then rushed back into the room to the other gentleman4 ,and once1 when she waked in the night afterward1 she had heard the tramp of a horse4 ,she peeped out of the little window of her room1 and saw the crooked ,signor1 who had talked so much to me1 on a white horse1 galloping so furiously across the field in the moonlight that he bounced high up from his saddle2 and the maid crossed herself1 for he looked like a ghost riding upon a three-legged horse4 ,i did not know what in the world to do4 ,meanwhile1 however1 our carriage was standing before the door ready to start1 and the impatient postilion blew his horn fit to burst1 for he had to be at the next station at a certain hour1 because everything had been ordered with great exactitude in the way of changing horses4 ,i ran once more through all the house1 calling the painters1 but no one made answer2 the inn-people stared at me1 the postilion cursed1 the horses neighed1 and1 at last1 completely dazed1 ,i sprang into the carriage1 the hostler shut the door behind me1 the postilion cracked his whip1 and away ,i went into the wide world4 ,,chapter ,v ,we drove on now over hill and dale1 day and night4 ,i had no time for reflection1 for wherever we arrived the horses were standing ready harnessed4 ,i could not talk with the people1 and my signs and gestures were of no use2 often just in the midst of a fine dinner the postilion wound his horn1 and ,i had to drop knife and fork and spring into the carriage again without knowing whither ,i was going1 or why or wherefore ,i was obliged to hurry on at such a rattling pace4 ,otherwise the life was not unpleasant4 ,i reclined upon the soft cushions first in one corner of the carriage and then in the other1 and took note of countries and people1 and when we drove through the villages ,i leaned both arms on the window of the carriage1 and acknowledged the courtesy of the men who took off their hats to me1 or else ,i kissed my hand like an old acquaintance to the young girls at the windows1 who looked surprised1 and stared after me as long as the carriage was in sight4 ,but a day came when ,i was in a terrible fright4 ,i had never counted the money in the purse left for me1 and ,i had to pay a great deal to the postmasters and innkeepers everywhere1 so that before ,i was aware1 the purse was empty4 ,when ,i first discovered this ,i had an idea of jumping out of the carriage and making my escape1 the next time we drove through a lonely wood4 ,but ,i could not make up my mind to give up the beautiful carriage and leave it all alone1 when1 if it were possible1 ,i would gladly have driven in it to the end of the world4 ,so ,i sat buried in thought1 not knowing what to do1 when all at once we turned aside from the highway4 ,i shouted to the postilion to ask him where he was going1 but1 shout as ,i would1 the fellow never made any answer save ,si1 si1 ,signore6 and on he drove over stock and stone till ,i was jolted from side to side in the carriage4 ,i was not at all pleased1 for the high-road ran through a charming country1 directly toward the setting sun1 which was bathing the landscape in a sea of splendor1 while before us1 when we turned aside1 lay a dreary hilly region1 broken by ravines1 where in the gray depths darkness had already set in4 ,the further we drove1 the lonelier and drearier grew the road4 ,at last the moon emerged from the clouds1 and shone through the trees with a weird1 unearthly brilliancy4 ,we had to go very slowly in the narrow rocky ravines1 and the continuous1 monotonous rattle of the carriage reechoed from the walls on either side1 as if we were driving through a vaulted tomb4 ,from the depths of the forest came a ceaseless murmur of unseen water-falls1 and the owlets hooted in the distance ,come too6 come too6 ,as ,i looked at the driver1 ,i noticed for the first time that he wore no uniform and was not a postilion2 he seemed to be growing restless1 turning his head and looking behind him several times4 ,then he began to drive quicker1 and as ,i leaned out of the carriage a horseman came out of the shrubbery on one side of the road1 crossed it at a bound directly in front of our horses1 and vanished in the forest on the other side4 ,i felt bewildered2 as far as ,i could see in the bright moonlight the rider was that very same crooked little man who had so pecked at me with his hooked nose in the inn1 and mounted1 too1 on the same white horse4 ,the driver shook his head and laughed aloud at such horsemanship1 then quickly turned to me and said a great deal very eagerly1 not a word of which did ,i understand1 and then he drove on more rapidly than ever4 ,i was rejoiced soon afterward when ,i perceived a light glimmering in the distance4 ,gradually more and more lights appeared1 and at last we passed several smoke-dried huts clinging like swallows' nests to the rocks4 ,as the night was warm1 the doors stood open1 and ,i could see into the lighted rooms1 and all sorts of ragged figures gathered about the hearths4 ,we rattled on through the quiet night1 along a steep1 stony road leading up a high mountain4 ,soon lofty trees and hanging vines arched completely over us1 and anon the heavens became visible1 and we could overlook in the depths a distant circle of mountains1 forests1 and valleys4 ,on the summit of the mountain stood a grand old castle1 its many towers gleaming in the brilliant moonlight4 ,god be thanked6 ,i exclaimed1 greatly relieved1 and on the tiptoe of expectation as to whither ,i was being conducted4 ,a good half-hour passed1 however1 before we reached the gate-way of the castle4 ,it led under a broad round tower1 the summit of which was half ruined4 ,the driver cracked his whip three times1 so that the old castle rechoed1 and a flock of startled rooks flew forth from every sheltered nook and careered wildly overhead with hoarse caws4 ,then the carriage rolled on through the long1 dark gate-way4 ,the iron shoes of the horses struck fire upon the stone pavement1 a large dog barked1 the wheels thundered along the vaulted passage1 the rooks' hoarse cries resounded1 and amidst all this horrible hubbub we reached a small1 paved courtyard4 ,a queer post-station this1 ,i thought1 when the coach stopped4 ,the coach door was opened1 and a tall old man with a small lantern scanned me grimly from beneath his bushy eyebrows4 ,he then took my arm and helped me to alight from the coach as if ,i had been a person of quality4 ,outside1 before the castle door1 stood a very ugly old woman in a black camisole and petticoat1 with a white apron and a black cap1 the long point of which in front almost touched her nose4 ,a large bunch of keys hung on one side of her waist1 and she held in her hand an old-fashioned candelabrum with two lighted wax candles4 ,as soon as she saw me she began to duck and curtsey and to talk volubly4 ,i did not understand a word1 but ,i scraped innumerable bows1 and felt very uncomfortable4 ,meanwhile1 the old man had peered into every corner of the coach with his lantern1 and grumbled and shook his head upon finding no trace of trunk or luggage4 ,the driver1 without asking for the usual pour-boire1 proceeded to put up the coach in an old shed on one side of the courtyard1 while the old woman by all sorts of courteous signs invited me to follow her4 ,she showed the way with her wax candles through a long1 narrow passage1 and up a little stone staircase4 ,as we passed the kitchen a couple of maids poked their heads inquisitively through the half-open door1 and stared at me1 as they winked and nodded furtively to each other1 as if they had never in all their lives seen a man before4 ,at last the old woman opened a door1 and for a moment ,i was quite dazed2 the apartment was spacious and very handsome1 the ceiling decorated with gilded carving and the walls hung with magnificent tapestry portraying all sorts of figures and flowers4 ,in the centre of the room stood a table spread with cutlets1 cakes1 salad1 fruit1 wine1 and confections1 enough to make one's mouth water4 ,between the windows hung a tall mirror1 reaching from the floor to the ceiling4 ,i must say that all this delighted me4 ,i stretched myself once or twice1 and paced the room to and fro with much dignity1 after which ,i could not resist looking at myself in such a large mirror4 ,of a truth ,herr ,lionardo's new clothes became me well1 and ,i had caught an ardent expression of eye from the ,italians1 but otherwise ,i was just such a whey-face as ,i had been at home1 with only a soft down on my upper lip4 ,meanwhile1 the old woman ground away with her toothless jaws1 as if she were actually chewing the end of her long nose4 ,she made me sit down1 chucked me under the chin with her lean fingers1 called me poverino1 and leered at me so roguishly with her red eyes that one corner of her mouth twitched half-way up her cheek as she at last left the room with a low courtesy4 ,i sat down at the table1 and a young1 pretty girl came in to wait on me4 ,i made all sorts of gallant speeches to her1 which she did not understand1 but watched me curiously while ,i applied myself to the viands with evident enjoyment2 they were delicious4 ,when ,i had finished and rose from table1 she took a candle and conducted me to another room1 where were a sofa1 a small mirror1 and a magnificent bed with green silk curtains4 ,i inquired by signs whether ,i were to sleep there4 ,she nodded assent1 but ,i could not undress while she stood beside me as if she were rooted to the spot4 ,at last ,i went and got a large glass of wine from the table in the next room1 drank it off1 and wished her ,felicissima notte6 for ,i had managed to learn that much ,italian4 ,but while ,i was emptying the glass at a draught she suddenly burst into a fit of suppressed giggling1 grew very red1 and went into the next room1 closing the door behind her4 ,what is there to laugh at8 thought ,i in a puzzle4 ,i believe ,italians are all crazy4 ,still in anxiety lest the postilion should begin to blow his horn again1 ,i listened at the window1 but all was quiet outside4 ,let him blow6 ,i thought1 undressed myself1 and got into the magnificent bed1 where ,i seemed to be fairly swimming in milk and honey6 ,the old linden in the court-yard rustled1 a rook now and then flew off the roof1 and at last1 completely happy1 ,i fell asleep4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,when ,i awoke1 the beams of early morning were shining on the green curtains of my bed4 ,at first ,i could not remember where ,i was4 ,i seemed to be still driving in the coach1 where ,i had been dreaming of a castle in the moonlight1 and of an old witch and her pale daughter4 ,i sprang hastily out of bed1 dressed myself1 and1 looking about my room1 perceived in the wainscoting a small door1 which ,i had not seen the night before4 ,it was ajar2 ,i opened it1 and saw a pretty little room looking very fresh and neat in the early dawn4 ,some articles of feminine apparel were lying in disorder over the back of a chair1 and in a bed beside it lay the girl who had waited upon me the evening before4 ,she was sleeping soundly1 her head resting upon her bare white arm1 over which her black curls were straying4 ,how mortified she would be if she knew that the door was open6 ,i said to myself1 and ,i crept back into my room1 bolting the door after me1 that the girl might not be horrified and ashamed when she awoke4 ,not a sound was yet to be heard outside1 except from an early robin that was singing his morning song1 perched upon a spray growing out of the wall beneath my window4 ,no1 said ,i1 you shall not shame me by singing all alone your early hymn of praise to ,god6 ,i hastily fetched my fiddle1 which ,i had laid upon the table the night before1 and left the room4 ,everything in the castle was silent as death1 and ,i was a long while finding my way through the dim corridors out into the open air4 ,there ,i found myself in a large garden extending half-way down the mountain1 its broad terraces lying one beneath the other like huge steps4 ,but the gardening was slovenly4 ,the paths were all grass-grown1 the yew figures were not trimmed1 but stretched long noses and caps a yard high into the air like ghosts1 so that really they must have been quite fearsome at nightfall4 ,linen was hanging to dry on the broken marble statues of an unused fountain2 here and there in the middle of the garden cabbages were planted beside some common flowers2 everything was neglected1 in disorder1 and overgrown with tall weeds1 among which glided varicolored lizards4 ,on all sides through the gigantic old trees there was a distant1 lonely prospect of range after range of mountains stretching as far as the eye could reach4 ,after ,i had been sauntering about through this wilderness for a while in the dawn1 ,i descried upon the terrace below me1 striding to and fro with folded arms1 a tall1 slender1 pale youth in a long brown surtout4 ,he seemed not to perceive me1 and shortly seated himself upon a stone bench1 took a book out of his pocket1 read very loud from it1 as if he were preaching1 looked up to heaven at intervals1 and leaned his head sadly upon his right hand4 ,i looked at him for a long time1 but at last ,i grew curious to know why he was making such extraordinary gestures1 and ,i went hastily toward him4 ,he had just heaved a profound sigh1 and sprang up startled as ,i approached4 ,he was completely confused1 and so was ,i2 we neither of us knew what to say1 and we stood there bowing1 until he made his escape1 striding rapidly through the shrubbery4 ,meanwhile1 the sun had arisen over the forest2 ,i mounted on the stone bench1 and scraped my fiddle merrily1 so that the quiet valleys rechoed4 ,the old woman with the bunch of keys1 who had been searching anxiously for me all through the castle to call me to breakfast1 appeared upon the terrace above me1 and was surprised that ,i could play the fiddle so well4 ,the grim old man from the castle came too1 and was as much amazed1 and at last the maids came1 and they all stood up there together agape1 while ,i fingered away1 and wielded my bow in the most artistic manner1 playing cadenzas and variations until ,i was downright tired4 ,the castle was a mighty strange place6 ,no one dreamed of journeying further4 ,it was no inn or post-station1 as ,i learned from one of the maids1 but belonged to a wealthy count4 ,when ,i sometimes questioned the old woman as to the count's name and where he lived1 she only smirked as she had done on the evening of my arrival1 and slyly pinched me and winked at me archly as if she were out of her senses4 ,if on a warm day ,i drank a whole bottle of wine1 the maids were sure to giggle when they brought me another2 and once when ,i wanted to smoke a pipe1 and informed them by signs of my desire1 they all burst into a fit of foolish laughter4 ,but most mysterious of all was a serenade which often1 and always upon the darkest nights1 sounded beneath my window4 ,a guitar was played fitfully1 soft1 low chords being heard from time to time4 ,once ,i imagined ,i heard some one down below call up1 ,pst6 pst6 ,i sprang out of bed and1 putting my head out of the window1 called1 ,holla6 who's there8 ,but no answer came2 ,i only heard the rustling of the shrubbery1 as if some one were hastily running away4 ,the large dog in the court-yard1 roused by my shout1 barked a couple of times1 and then all was still again4 ,after this the serenade was heard no more4 ,otherwise my life here was all that mortal could desire4 ,the worthy ,porter knew well what he was talking about when he was wont to declare that in ,italy raisins dropped into one's mouth of themselves4 ,i lived in the lonely castle like an enchanted prince4 ,wherever ,i went the servants treated me with the greatest respect1 though they all knew that ,i had not a farthing in my pocket4 ,i had but to say1 ,table1 be spread1 and lo1 ,i was served with delicious viands1 rice1 wine1 melons1 and ,parmesan cheese4 ,i lived on the best1 slept in the magnificent canopied bed1 walked in the garden1 played my fiddle1 and sometimes helped with the gardening4 ,i often lay for hours in the tall grass1 and the pale youth in his long surtout--he was a student and a relative of the old woman's1 and was spending his vacation here--would pace around me in a wide circle1 muttering from his book like a conjurer1 which was always sure to send me to sleep4 ,thus day after day passed1 until1 what with the good eating and drinking1 ,i began to grow quite melancholy4 ,my limbs became limp from perpetually doing nothing1 and ,i felt as if ,i should fall to pieces from sheer laziness4 ,one sultry afternoon1 ,i was sitting in the boughs of a tall tree that overhung the valley1 gently rocking myself above its quiet depths4 ,the bees were humming among the leaves around me2 all else was silent as the grave2 not a human being was to be seen on the mountains1 and below me on the peaceful meadows the cows were resting in the high grass4 ,but from afar away the note of a post-horn floated across the wooded heights1 at first scarcely audible1 then clearer and more distinct4 ,on the instant my heart reechoed an old song which ,i had learned when at home at my father's mill from a traveling journeyman1 and ,i sang-- ,whenever abroad you are straying1 ,take with you your dearest one2 ,while others are laughing and playing1 ,a stranger is left all alone4 ,and what know these trees1 with their sighing1 ,of an older1 a lovelier day8 ,alas1 o'er yon blue mountains lying1 ,thy home is so far1 far away6 ,the stars in their courses ,i treasure1 ,my pathway to her they shone o'er2 ,the nightingale's song gives me pleasure1 ,it sang nigh my dearest one's door4 ,when starlight and dawn are contending1 ,i climb to the mountain-tops clear2 ,thence gazing1 my greeting ,i'm sending ,to ,germany1 ever most dear4 ,it seemed as if the post-horn in the distance would fain accompany my song4 ,while ,i was singing1 it came nearer and nearer among the mountains1 until at last ,i heard it in the castle court-yard2 ,i got down from the tree as quickly as possible1 in time to meet the old woman with an opened packet coming toward me4 ,here is something too for you1 she said1 and handed me a neat little note4 ,it was without address2 ,i opened it hastily1 and on the instant flushed as red as a peony1 and my heart beat so violently that the old woman observed my agitation4 ,the note was from--my ,lady fair1 whose handwriting ,i had often seen at the bailiff's4 ,it was short3 ,all is well once more2 all obstacles are removed4 ,i take a private opportunity to be the first to write you the good news4 ,come1 hasten back4 ,it is so lonely here1 and ,i can scarcely bear to live since you left us4 ,aurelia4 ,as ,i read1 my eyes grew dim with rapture1 alarm1 and ineffable delight4 ,i was ashamed in presence of the old woman1 who began to smirk and wink odiously1 and ,i flew like an arrow to the loneliest nook of the garden4 ,there ,i threw myself on the grass beneath the hazel-bushes and read the note again1 repeating the words by heart1 and then re-reading them over and over1 while the sunlight danced between the leaves upon the letters1 so that they were blended and blurred before my eyes like golden and bright-green and crimson blossoms4 ,is she not married1 then8 ,i thought2 was that young officer her brother1 perhaps1 or is he dead1 or am ,i crazy1 or--but no matter6 ,i exclaimed at last1 leaping to my feet4 ,it is clear enough1 she loves me6 she loves me6 ,when ,i crept out of the shrubbery the sun was near its setting4 ,the heavens were red1 the birds were singing merrily in the woods1 the valleys were full of a golden sheen1 but in my heart all was a thousand times more beautiful and more glad4 ,i shouted to them in the castle to serve my supper out in the garden4 ,the old woman1 the grim old man1 the maids--,i made them all come and sit at table with me under the trees4 ,i brought out my fiddle and played1 and ate and drank between-whiles4 ,then they all grew merry2 the old man smoothed the grim wrinkles out of his face1 and emptied glass after glass1 the old woman chattered away--heaven knows about what1 and the maids began to dance together on the green-sward4 ,at last the pale student approached inquisitively1 cast a scornful glance at the party1 and was about to pass on with great dignity4 ,but ,i sprang up in a twinkling1 and1 before he knew what ,i was about1 seized him by his long surtout and waltzed merrily round with him4 ,he actually began to try to dance after the latest and most approved fashion1 and footed it so nimbly that the moisture stood in beads upon his forehead1 his long coat flew round like a wheel1 and he looked at me so strangely withal1 and his eyes rolled so1 that ,i began to be really afraid of him1 and suddenly released him4 ,the old woman was very curious to know the contents of the note1 and why ,i was so very merry of a sudden4 ,but the matter was far too intricate for me to be able to explain it to her4 ,i merely pointed to a couple of storks that were sailing through the air far above our heads1 and said that so must ,i go1 far1 far away4 ,at this she opened her bleared eyes wide1 and cast a sinister glance first at me and then at the old man4 ,after that1 ,i noticed as often as ,i turned away that they put their heads together and talked eagerly1 glancing askance toward me from time to time4 ,this puzzled me4 ,i pondered upon what scheme they could be hatching1 and ,i grew more quiet4 ,the sun had long set1 so ,i wished them all good night and betook myself thoughtfully to my bedroom4 ,i felt so happy and so restless that for a long while ,i paced the apartment to and fro4 ,outside1 the wind was driving black1 heavy clouds high above the castle-tower2 the nearest mountain-summit could be scarcely discerned in the thick darkness4 ,then ,i thought ,i heard voices in the garden below4 ,i put out my candle and sat down at the window4 ,the voices seemed to come nearer1 speaking in low tones1 and suddenly a long ray of light shot from a small lantern concealed under the cloak of a dark figure4 ,i instantly recognized the grim old steward and the old housekeeper4 ,the light flashed in the face of the old woman1 who looked to me more hideous than ever1 and upon the blade of a long knife which she held in her hand4 ,i could plainly see that both of them were looking up at my window4 ,then the steward folded his cloak more closely1 and all was dark and silent4 ,what do they want1 ,i thought1 out in the garden1 at this hour8 ,i shuddered2 ,i could not help recalling all the stories of murders that ,i had ever heard--all the tales of witches and robbers who slaughtered people that they might devour their hearts4 ,whilst ,i was filled with such thoughts1 ,i heard footsteps coming up the stairs softly1 then very softly along the narrow passage directly to my door2 and at the same time ,i thought ,i heard voices whispering together4 ,i ran hastily to the other end of the room and behind a large table1 which ,i could lift and bang against the door as soon as anything stirred outside4 ,but in the darkness ,i upset a chair1 which made a tremendous crash4 ,in an instant all was profound silence outside4 ,i listened behind the table1 staring at the door as if ,i could pierce it with my eyes1 which felt as if they were starting from my head4 ,when ,i had kept so quiet for a while that the buzzing of a fly could have been plainly heard1 ,i distinguished the sound of a key softly put into the keyhole of my door on the outside4 ,i was just about to make a demonstration with my table1 when the key was turned slowly three times round in the lock1 and then cautiously withdrawn1 after which the footsteps retreated along the passage and down the staircase4 ,i took a long breath4 ,oho6 ,i thought1 they have locked me up that all may be easy when ,i am sound asleep4 ,i tried the door1 and found it locked1 as was also the other door1 behind which the pale maid slept4 ,this had never been so before since ,i had been at the castle4 ,here was ,i imprisoned in a foreign land6 ,the ,lady fair undoubtedly was even now standing at her window and looking across the quiet garden toward the high-road1 to see if ,i were not coming from the toll-house with my fiddle4 ,the clouds were scudding across the sky2 time was passing--and ,i could not get away4 ,ah1 but my heart was sore2 ,i did not know what to do4 ,and if the leaves rustled outside1 or a rat gnawed behind the wainscot1 ,i fancied ,i saw the old woman gliding in by a secret door and creeping softly through the room1 with that long knife in hand4 ,as1 given over to such fancies1 ,i sat on the side of my bed1 ,i heard1 the first time for a long while1 the music beneath my window4 ,at the first twang of the guitar a ray of light darted into my soul4 ,i opened the window1 and called down softly1 that ,i was awake4 ,pst1 pst6 was the answer from below4 ,without more ado1 ,i thrust the note into my pocket1 took my fiddle1 got out of the window1 and scrambled down the ruinous old wall1 clinging to the vines growing from the crevices4 ,one or two crumbling stones gave way1 and ,i began to slide faster and faster1 until at last ,i came down upon my feet with such a sudden bump that my teeth rattled in my head4 ,scarcely had ,i thus reached the garden when ,i felt myself embraced with such violence that ,i screamed aloud4 ,my kind friend1 however1 clapped his hand on my mouth1 and1 taking my arm1 led me through the shrubbery to the open lawn4 ,here1 to my astonishment1 ,i recognized the tall student1 who had a guitar slung around his neck by a broad silk ribbon4 ,i explained to him as quickly as possible that ,i wished to escape from the garden4 ,he seemed perfectly aware of my wishes1 and conducted me by various covert pathways to the lower door in the high garden wall4 ,but when we reached it1 it was fast locked6 ,the student1 however1 seemed to be quite prepared for this2 he produced a large key and cautiously unlocked it4 ,when we found ourselves in the forest1 and ,i was about to inquire of him the best road to the nearest town1 he suddenly fell upon one knee before me1 raised a hand aloft1 and began to curse and to swear in the most horrible manner4 ,i could not imagine what he wanted2 ,i could hear frequent repetitions of ,iddio and cuore and amore and furore6 ,but when he began hobbling close up to me on both knees1 ,i grew positively terrified1 ,i perceived clearly that he had lost his wits1 and ,i fled into the depths of the forest without looking back4 ,i heard the student behind me shouting like one possessed1 and soon afterward a rough voice from the castle shouting in reply4 ,i was sure they would pursue me4 ,the road was entirely unknown to me2 the night was dark2 ,i should probably fall into their hands4 ,therefore ,i climbed up into a tall tree to await my opportunity to escape4 ,from here ,i could distinguish one voice after another calling in the castle4 ,several links appeared in the garden1 and cast a weird lurid light over the old walls and down the mountain out into the black night4 ,i commended my soul to the ,almighty1 for the confused uproar grew louder and nearer4 ,at last the student1 bearing aloft a torch1 ran past my tree below me so fast that the skirt of his surtout flew out behind him in the wind4 ,after this the tumult gradually retreated to the other side of the mountain2 the voices sounded more and more distant1 and at last the wind alone sighed through the silent forest4 ,i then descended from my tree and ran breathless down into the valley and out into the night4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,i hurried on for the rest of the night and the next day1 for there was a din in my ears for a long time1 as if all the people from the castle were after me1 shouting1 waving torches1 and brandishing long knives4 ,on the way ,i learned that ,i was only five or six miles from ,rome1 whereat ,i could have jumped for joy4 ,as a child at home ,i had heard wonderful stories of gorgeous ,rome1 and as ,i lay on my back in the grass on ,sunday afternoons near the mill1 and everything around was so quiet1 ,i used to picture ,rome out of the clouds sailing above me1 with wondrous mountains and abysses1 around the blue sea1 with golden gates and lofty gleaming towers1 where angels in shining robes were singing4 ,the night had come again1 and the moon shone brilliantly1 when at last ,i emerged from the forest upon a hilltop1 and saw the city lying before me in the distance4 ,the sea gleamed afar off1 the heavens glittered with innumerable stars1 and beneath them lay the ,holy ,city1 a long strip of mist1 like a slumbering lion on the quiet earth1 watched and guarded by mountains around like shadowy giants4 ,i soon reached an extensive1 lonely heath1 where all was gray and silent as the grave4 ,here and there a ruined wall was still standing1 or some strangely-gnarled trunk of a tree2 now and then night-birds whirred through the air1 and my own shadow glided long and black in the solitude beside me4 ,they say that a primeval city lies buried here1 and that ,frau ,venus makes it her abode1 and that sometimes the old pagans rise up from their graves and wander about the heath and mislead travelers4 ,i cared nothing1 however1 for such tales1 but walked on steadily1 for the city arose before me more and more distinct and magnificent1 and the high castles and gates and golden domes gleamed wondrously in the moonlight1 as if angels in golden garments were actually standing on the roofs and singing in the quiet night4 ,at last ,i passed some humble houses1 and then through a gorgeous gate-way into the famous city of ,rome4 ,the moon shone bright as day among the palaces1 but the streets were empty1 except for some lazy fellow lying dead asleep on a marble step in the warm night air4 ,the fountains plashed in the silent squares1 and from the gardens bordering the street the trees added their murmur1 and filled the air with refreshing fragrance4 ,as ,i was sauntering on1 not knowing--what with delight1 moonlight1 and fragrance--which way to turn1 ,i heard a guitar touched in the depths of a garden4 ,great heavens6 ,i thought1 the crazy student with his long surtout has been secretly following me all this time4 ,but in a moment a lady in the garden began to sing deliciously4 ,i stood spellbound2 it was the voice of the ,lady fair6 and the selfsame ,italian song which she often used to sing at her open window6 ,then the dear old time recurred so vividly to my mind that ,i could have wept bitterly2 ,i saw the quiet garden before the castle in the early dawn1 and thought how happy ,i had been among the shrubbery before that stupid fly flew up my nose4 ,i could restrain myself no longer1 but clambered over the gilded ornaments surmounting the grated gate-way and leaped down into the garden whence the song proceeded4 ,as ,i did so ,i perceived a slender white figure standing in the distance behind a poplar-tree1 looking at me in amazement2 but in an instant it had turned and fled through the dim garden toward the house so quickly that in the moonlight it seemed to glide4 ,it was she1 herself6 ,i exclaimed1 and my heart throbbed with delight2 ,i recognized her on the instant by her pretty little fleet feet4 ,it was unfortunate that in clambering over the gate ,i had slightly twisted my ankle1 and had to limp along for a minute or two before ,i could run after her toward the house4 ,in the meanwhile the doors and windows had been closed4 ,i knocked modestly1 listened1 and then knocked again4 ,i seemed to hear low laughter and whispering within the house1 and once ,i was almost sure that a pair of bright eyes peeped between the jalousies in the moonlight4 ,but finally all was silent4 ,she does not know that it is ,i1 ,i thought2 ,i took out my fiddle1 and promenaded to and fro on the path before the house and sang the song of the ,lady fair and played over all my songs that ,i had been wont to play on lovely summer nights in the castle garden1 or on the bench before the toll-house so that the sound should reach the castle windows4 ,but it was all of no use2 no one stirred in the entire house4 ,then ,i put away my fiddle sadly1 and seated myself upon the door-step1 for ,i was very weary with my long march4 ,the night was warm2 the flower-beds before the house sent forth a delicious fragrance1 and a fountain somewhere in the depths of the garden plashed continuously4 ,i thought dreamily of azure flowers1 of dim1 green1 lovely1 lonely spots where brooks were rippling and gay birds singing1 until at last ,i fell sound asleep4 ,when ,i awoke the fresh air of morning was playing over me2 the birds were already awake and twittering in the trees around1 as if they were making game of me4 ,i started up and looked about2 the fountain in the garden was still playing1 but nothing was to be heard within the house4 ,i peeped through the green blinds into one of the rooms1 where ,i could see a sofa and a large round table covered with gray linen4 ,the chairs were all standing against the wall in perfect order2 the blinds were down at all the windows1 as if the house had been uninhabited for example1 with many a loving thought of my fair1 distant home4 ,meanwhile1 the painter had arranged near the window one of the frames upon which a large piece of paper was stretched4 ,an old hovel was cleverly drawn in charcoal upon the paper1 and within it sat the ,blessed ,virgin with a lovely1 happy face1 upon which there was withal a shade of melancholy4 ,at her feet in a little nest of straw lay the ,infant ,jesus--very lovely1 with large serious eyes4 ,without1 upon the threshold of the open door were kneeling two shepherd lads with staff and wallet4 ,you see1 said the painter1 ,i am going to put your head upon one of these shepherds1 and so people will know your face and1 please ,god1 take pleasure in it long after we are both under the sod1 and are ourselves kneeling happily before the ,blessed ,mother and her ,son like those shepherd lads4 ,then he seized an old chair1 the back of which came off in his hand as he lifted it4 ,he soon fitted it into its place again1 however1 pushed it in front of the frame1 and ,i had to sit down on it1 and turn my face sideways to him4 ,i sat thus for some minutes perfectly still1 without stirring4 ,after a while1 however--,i am sure ,i do not know why--,i felt that ,i could endure it no longer2 every part of me began to twitch1 and besides1 there hung directly in front of me a piece of broken looking-glass into which ,i could not help glancing perpetually1 making all sorts of grimaces from sheer weariness4 ,the painter1 noticing this1 burst into a laugh1 and waved his hand to signify that ,i might leave my chair4 ,my face upon the paper was already finished1 and was so exactly like me that ,i was immensely pleased with it4 ,the young man went on painting in the cool morning1 singing as he worked1 and sometimes looking from the open window at the glorious landscape4 ,i1 in the meantime1 spread myself another piece of bread and butter1 and walked up and down the room1 looking at the pictures leaning against the wall4 ,two of them pleased me especially4 ,did you paint these1 too8 ,i asked the painter4 ,not exactly1 he replied4 ,they are by the famous masters ,leonardo da ,vinci and ,guido ,reni2 but you know nothing about them4 ,i was nettled by the conclusion of his remark4 ,oh1 ,i rejoined very composedly1 ,i know those two masters as well as ,i know myself4 ,he opened his eyes at this4 ,how so8 he asked hastily4 ,well1 said ,i1 ,i traveled with them day and night1 on horseback1 on foot1 and driving at a pace that made the wind whistle in my ears1 and ,i lost them both at an inn1 and then traveled post alone in their coach1 which went bumping on two wheels over the rocks1 and-- ,oho6 oho6 the painter interrupted me1 staring at me as if he thought me mad4 ,then he suddenly burst into a fit of laughter4 ,ah1 he cried1 now ,i begin to understand4 ,you traveled with two painters called ,guido and ,lionardo8 ,when ,i assented1 he sprang up and looked me all over from head to foot4 ,i verily believe1 he said that actually--,can you play the violin8 ,i struck the pocket of my coat so that my fiddle gave forth a tone1 and the painter went on3 ,there was a ,countess here lately from ,germany1 who made inquiries in every nook and corner of ,rome for those two painters and a young musician with a fiddle4 ,a young ,countess from ,germany6 ,i cried in an ecstasy4 ,was the ,porter with her8 ,ah1 that ,i do not know1 replied the painter4 ,i saw her only once or twice at the house of one of her friends1 who does not live in the city4 ,do you know this face8 he went on1 suddenly lifting the covering from a large picture standing in a corner4 ,in an instant ,i felt as we do when in a dark room the shutters are opened and the rising sun flashes in our eyes4 ,it was--the lovely ,lady fair6 ,she was standing in the garden1 in a black velvet gown1 lifting her veil from her face with one hand1 and looking abroad over a distant and beautiful landscape4 ,the longer ,i looked the more vividly did it seem to be the castle garden1 and the flowers and boughs waved in the wind1 while in the depths of green ,i could see my little toll-house1 and the high-road1 and the ,danube1 and in the distance the blue mountains4 ',tis she6 'tis she6 ,i exclaimed at last1 and1 seizing my hat1 ,i ran out of the door and down the long staircase1 while the astonished painter called after me to come back toward evening1 and we might perhaps learn something more4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,i ran in a great hurry through the city to present myself immediately at the house1 in the garden of which the ,lady fair had been singing yesterday evening4 ,the streets were full of people2 gentlemen and ladies were enjoying the sunshine and exchanging greetings1 elegant coaches rolled past1 and the bells in all the towers were summoning to mass1 making wondrous melody in the air above the heads of the swarming crowd4 ,i was intoxicated with delight1 and with the hubbub1 and ran on in my joy until at last ,i had no idea where ,i was4 ,it was like enchantment2 the quiet ,square with the fountain1 and the garden and the house1 seemed the fabric of a dream1 which had vanished in the clear light of day4 ,i could not make any inquiries1 for ,i did not know the name of the ,square4 ,at last it began to be very sultry2 the sun's rays darted down upon the pavement like burning arrows1 people crept into their houses1 the blinds everywhere were closed1 and the street became once more silent and dead4 ,i threw myself down in despair in front of a fine1 large house with a balcony resting upon pillars and affording a deep shade1 and surveyed1 first the quiet city1 which looked absolutely weird in its sudden noonday solitude1 and anon the deep blue1 perfectly cloudless sky1 until1 tired out1 ,i fell asleep4 ,i dreamed that ,i was lying in a lonely green meadow near my native village2 a warm summer rain was falling and glittering in the sun1 which was just setting behind the mountains1 and whenever the raindrops fell upon the grass they turned into beautiful1 bright flowers1 so that ,i was soon covered with them4 ,what was my astonishment when ,i awoke to find a quantity of beautiful1 fresh flowers lying upon me and beside me6 ,i sprang up1 but could see nothing unusual1 except that in the house above me there was a window filled with fragrant shrubs and flowers1 behind which a parrot talked and screamed incessantly4 ,i picked up the scattered flowers1 tied them together1 and stuck the nosegay in my button-hole4 ,then ,i began to discourse with the parrot2 it amused me to see him get up and down in his gilded cage with all sorts of odd twists and turns of his head1 and always stepping awkwardly over his own toes4 ,but before ,i was aware of it he was scolding me for a furfante6 ,even though it were only a senseless bird1 it irritated me4 ,i scolded him back2 we both got angry2 the more ,i scolded in ,german1 the more he abused me in ,italian4 ,suddenly ,i heard some one laughing behind me4 ,i turned quickly1 and perceived the painter of the morning4 ,what nonsense are you at now6 he said4 ,i have been waiting for you for half an hour4 ,the air has grown cooler3 we will go to a garden in the suburbs where you will find several fellow-countrymen1 and perhaps learn something further of the ,german ,countess4 ,i was charmed with this proposal1 and we set out immediately1 the parrot screaming out abuse of me as ,i left him4 ,after we had walked for a long while outside of the city1 ascending by a narrow1 stony pathway an eminence dotted with villas and vineyards1 we reached a small garden very high up1 where several young men and maidens were sitting in the open air about a round table4 ,as soon as we made our appearance they all signed to us to keep silence1 and pointed toward the other end of the garden1 where in a large1 vine-wreathed arbor two beautiful ladies were sitting opposite each other at a table4 ,one was singing1 while the other accompanied her on the guitar4 ,between them stood a pleasant-looking gentleman1 who occasionally beat time with a small baton4 ,the setting sun shone through the vine-leaves1 upon the fruits and flasks of wine with which the table was provided1 and upon the plump1 white shoulders of the lady with the guitar4 ,the other one grimaced so that she looked convulsed1 but she sang in ,italian in so extremely artistic a manner that the sinews in her neck stood out like cords4 ,just as she was executing a long cadenza with her eyes turned up to the skies1 while the gentleman beside her held his baton suspended in the air waiting the moment when she would fall into the beat again1 the garden gate was flung open1 and a girl looking very much heated1 and a young man with a pale1 delicate face1 entered1 quarreling violently4 ,the conductor1 startled1 stood with raised baton like a petrified conjurer1 although the singer had some time before snapped short her long trill and had arisen angrily from the table4 ,all the others turned upon the new arrivals in a rage4 ,you savage1 some one at the round table called out1 you have interrupted the most perfect tableau of the description which the late ,hoffmann gives on page #cdg of the ,ladies' ,annual for #ahaf of the finest of ,hummel's pictures exhibited in the autumn of #ahad at the ,berlin ,art-,exposition6 ,but it did no good4 ,what do ,i care1 the young man retorted1 for your tableau of tableaux6 ,my picture any one may have2 my sweetheart ,i choose to keep for myself4 ,oh1 you faithless1 false-hearted girl6 he went on to his poor companion1 you fine critic to whom a painter is nothing but a tradesman1 and a poet only a money-maker2 you care for nothing save flirtation6 ,may you fall to the lot1 not of an honest artist1 but of an old ,duke with a diamond-mine and beplastered with gold and silver foil6 ,out with the cursed note that you tried to hide from me6 ,what have you been scribbling8 ,from whom did it come1 or to whom is it going8 ,but the girl resisted him steadfastly1 and the more the other young men present tried to soothe and pacify the angry lover1 the more he scolded and threatened2 particularly as the girl herself did not restrain her little tongue1 until at last she extricated herself1 weeping aloud1 from the confused coil1 and unexpectedly threw herself into my arms for protection4 ,i immediately assumed the correct attitude2 but since the rest paid no attention to us1 she suddenly composed her face and whispered hastily in my ear1 ,you odious ,receiver6 it is all on your account4 ,there1 stuff the wretched note into your pocket2 you will find out from it where we live4 ,when you approach the gate1 at the appointed hour1 turn into the lonely street on the right hand4 ,i was too much amazed to utter a word1 for1 now that ,i looked closely1 ,i recognized her at once2 actually it was the pert lady's-maid of the ,castle who had brought me the flask of wine on that lovely ,sunday afternoon4 ,she never looked as pretty as now1 when1 heated by her quarrel1 she leaned against my shoulder1 and her black curls hung down over my arm4 ,but1 dear ma'amselle1 ,i said in astonishment1 how do you come-- ,for heaven's sake1 hush6--be quiet6 she replied1 and in an instant1 before ,i could fairly collect myself1 she had left me and had fled across the garden4 ,meanwhile1 the others had almost entirely forgotten the original cause of the turmoil1 and now took a pleasing interest in proving to the young man that he was intoxicated--a great disgrace for an honorable painter4 ,the stout1 smiling gentleman from the arbor1 who was--as ,i afterward learned--a great connoisseur and patron of ,art1 and who was always ready to lend his aid for the love of ,science1 had thrown aside his baton1 and showed his broad face1 fairly shining with good humor1 in the midst of the thickest confusion1 zealously striving to restore peace and order1 but regretting between-whiles the loss of the long cadenza1 and of the beautiful tableau which he had taken such pains to arrange4 ,in my heart all was as serenely bright as on that blissful ,sunday when ,i had played on my fiddle far into the night at the open window where stood the flask of wine4 ,since the rumpus showed no signs of abating1 ,i hastily pulled out my violin1 and without more ado played an ,italian dance1 popular among the mountains1 which ,i had learned at the old castle in the forest4 ,all turned their heads to listen4 ,bravo6 ,bravissimo6 ,a delicious idea6 cried the merry connoisseur of ,art1 running from one to another to arrange a rustic divertissement1 as he called it4 ,he made a beginning himself by leading out the lady who had played the guitar in the arbor4 ,thereupon he began to dance with extraordinary artistic skill1 and describe all sorts of letters on the grass with the points of his toes1 really trilling with his feet1 and now and then jumping pretty high in the air4 ,but he soon had enough of it1 for he was rather corpulent4 ,his jumps grew fewer and clumsier1 until at last he withdrew from the circle1 puffing violently1 and mopping the moisture from his forehead with a snowy pocket-handkerchief4 ,meanwhile1 the young man1 who had regained his composure1 brought from the inn some castanets1 and before ,i was aware all were dancing merrily beneath the trees4 ,the sun had set1 but the crimson sky in the west cast bright reflections among the shadows1 and upon the old walls and the half-buried columns covered with ivy in the depths of the garden1 while below the vineyards we could see the ,eternal ,city bathed in the evening glow4 ,the dance in the still1 clear air was charming1 and my heart within me laughed to see how the slender girls and the lady's-maid glided among the trees with arms upraised like heathen wood-nymphs1 and kept time to the music with their castanets4 ,at last ,i could no longer restrain myself2 ,i joined their ranks1 and danced away merrily1 still fiddling all the time4 ,i had been hopping about thus for some minutes1 not noticing that the others were beginning to be tired and were dropping out of the dance1 when ,i felt some one twitch me by the coat-tail4 ,it was the lady's-maid4 ,don't be a fool1 she said under her breath2 you are jumping about like a kid6 ,read your note1 and come soon2 the beautiful young ,countess awaits you4 ,she slipped out of the garden in the twilight and vanished among the vineyards4 ,my heart beat fast2 ,i longed to follow her4 ,fortunately1 a waiter was just lighting the lantern over the garden gate4 ,i took out my note1 which contained a somewhat rudely penciled plan of the gate and the streets leading to it1 just as ,i had been directed by the lady's-maid1 and in addition the words ,eleven o'clock1 at the little door4 ,two long hours to wait6 ,nevertheless ,i should have set out immediately1 for ,i could not stay still1 had not the painter1 who had brought me hither1 rushed up4 ,did you speak to the girl8 he asked4 ,i cannot see her now4 ,it was the ,german ,countess's maid4 ,hush1 hush6 ,i replied2 the ,countess is still in ,rome4 ,so much the better1 said the painter2 come then and drink her health4 ,and in spite of all ,i could say he forced me to return to the garden with him4 ,it looked quite deserted4 ,the merry company had departed1 and were sauntering toward ,rome1 each lad with his lass upon his arm4 ,we could hear them talking and laughing among the vineyards in the quiet evening1 until at last their voices died away in the valley below1 lost in the rustling of the trees and the murmur of the stream4 ,i stayed with my painter and ,herr ,eckbrecht1 which was the name of the other young painter who had been quarreling with the maid4 ,the moon shone brilliantly through the tall1 dark evergreens2 a candle on the table before us flickered in the breeze and gleamed over the wine spilled copiously around it4 ,i had to sit down with my companions1 and my painter chatted with me about my native village1 my travels1 and my plans for the future4 ,herr ,eckbrecht had seated upon his knee the pretty girl who had brought us our wine1 and was teaching her the accompaniment of a song on the guitar4 ,her slender fingers soon picked out the correct chords1 and they sang together an ,italian song2 first he sang a verse1 and then the girl sang the next2 it sounded deliciously1 in the clear1 bright evening4 ,when the girl was called away1 ,herr ,eckbrecht1 taking no further notice of us1 leaned back on his bench with his feet on a low stool and played and sang many an exquisite song4 ,the stars glittered2 the landscape turned to silver in the moonlight2 ,i thought of the ,lady fair1 and of my far-off home1 and quite forgot the painter at my side4 ,herr ,eckbrecht had occasionally to tune his instrument2 whereat he grew downright angry1 and at last he screwed a string so tight that it broke1 whereupon he tossed aside the guitar and sprang to his feet1 noticing for the first time that my painter had laid his head on his arm upon the table and was fast asleep4 ,he hastily wrapped around him a white cloak which hung on a bough near by1 then suddenly paused1 glanced keenly at my painter1 and then at me several times1 then seated himself on the table directly in front of me1 cleared his throat1 settled his cravat1 and instantly began to hold forth to me4 ,beloved hearer and fellow-countryman1 he said1 since the bottles are nearly empty1 and morality is indisputably the first duty of a citizen when the virtues are on the wane1 ,i feel myself moved1 out of sympathy for a fellow-countryman1 to present for your consideration a few moral axioms4 ,it might be supposed1 he went on1 that you are a mere youth1 whereas your coat has evidently seen its best years2 it might be supposed that you had leaped about like a satyr2 nay1 some might maintain that you are a vagabond1 because you are out here in the country and play the fiddle2 but ,i am influenced by no such superficial considerations2 ,i form my judgment on your delicately chiseled nose2 ,i take you for a strolling genius4 ,his ambiguous phrases irritated me2 ,i was about to retort sharply4 ,but he gave me no chance to speak4 ,observe1 he said1 how you are puffed up by a modicum of praise4 ,retire within yourself and ponder upon your perilous vocation4 ,we geniuses--for ,i am one too--care as little for the world as it cares for us2 without any ado1 in the seven-league boots which we bring into the world with us1 we stride on directly into eternity4 ,a most lamentable1 inconvenient straddling position this--one leg in the future1 where nothing is to be discerned but the rosy morn and the faces of future children1 the other leg still in the middle of ,rome1 in the ,piazza del ,popolo1 where the entire present century would fain seize the opportunity to advance1 and clings to the boot tight enough to pull the leg off6 ,and then all this restlessness1 wine-bibbing1 and hunger solely for an immortal eternity6 ,and look you at my comrade there on the bench1 another genius2 his time hangs heavy on his hands here and now1 what under heaven is he to do in eternity8 ,yes1 my highly-esteemed comrade1 you and ,i and the sun rose early together this morning1 and have pondered and painted all day long1 and it was all beautiful--and now the drowsy night passes its furred sleeve over the world and wipes out all the colors4 ,he kept on talking for a long while1 his hair all disheveled with dancing and drinking1 and his face looking deadly pale in the moonlight4 ,but ,i was seized with a horror of him and of his wild talk1 and when he turned and addressed the sleeping painter ,i took advantage of the opportunity and slipped round the table1 without being perceived by him1 and out of the garden4 ,thence1 alone and glad at heart1 ,i descended through the vine-trellises into the wide moonlit valley4 ,the clocks in the city were striking ten4 ,behind me1 in the quiet night1 ,i still heard an occasional note of the guitar1 and at times the voices of the two painters1 going home at last1 were audible4 ,i ran on as quickly as possible1 that they might not overtake me4 ,at the city-gate ,i turned into the street on the right hand1 and hurried on with a throbbing heart among the silent houses and gardens4 ,to my amazement1 ,i suddenly found myself in the very ,square with the fountain1 for which1 by daylight1 ,i had vainly searched4 ,there stood the solitary summer-house again in the glorious moonlight1 and again the ,lady fair was singing the same ,italian song as on the evening before4 ,in an ecstasy ,i tried first the low door1 then the house door1 and at last the big garden gate1 but all were locked4 ,then first it occurred to me that eleven had not yet struck4 ,i was irritated by the slow flight of time1 but good manners forbade my climbing over the garden gate as ,i had done yesterday4 ,therefore ,i paced the lonely ,square to and fro for a while1 and at last again seated myself upon the basin of the fountain and resigned myself to meditation and calm expectancy4 ,the stars twinkled in the skies2 the ,square was quiet and deserted2 ,i listened with delight to the song of the ,lady fair1 as it mingled with the ripple of the fountain4 ,all at once ,i perceived a white figure approach from the opposite side of the ,square and go directly toward the little garden door4 ,i peered eagerly through the dazzling moonlight--it was the queer painter in his white cloak4 ,he drew forth a key quickly1 unlocked the door1 and1 before ,i knew it1 was within the garden4 ,i had from the first entertained a special dislike of this painter on account of his nonsensical talk4 ,but now ,i fell into a rage with him4 ,the low fellow is certainly intoxicated again1 ,i thought2 he has got the key from the maid1 and intends to surprise1 and perhaps to assault1 the ,lady fair4 ,and ,i rushed precipitately through the low door1 which was still open1 into the garden4 ,when ,i entered1 all was quiet and lonely4 ,the folding-doors of the summer-house were open1 and a ray of lamplight issuing from it played upon the grass and flowers near4 ,even from a distance ,i could see the interior4 ,in a magnificent apartment1 hung with green and partially illumined by a lamp with a white shade1 the lovely ,lady fair with her guitar was reclining on a silken lounge1 never dreaming1 in her innocence1 of the danger without4 ,i had not much time1 however1 to look1 for ,i perceived the white figure among the shrubbery1 stealthily approaching the summer-house from the opposite side1 while the song floating on the air from the house was so melancholy that it went to my very soul4 ,i therefore took no long time for reflection1 but broke off a stout bough from a tree1 and rushed at the white-cloaked figure1 shouting ,murder6 so that the garden rang again4 ,the painter when he beheld me appear thus unexpectedly took to his heels1 screaming frightfully4 ,i screamed louder still4 ,he ran toward the house1 and ,i after him1 and ,i had very nearly caught him1 when ,i became entangled in some plaguy trailing vines1 and measured my length upon the ground just before the front door4 ,so it is you1 is it1 you fool6 ,i heard some one say above me4 ,you frightened me nearly to death4 ,i picked myself up1 and when ,i had wiped my eyes clear of dust1 ,i saw before me the lady's-maid1 from whose shoulders the white cloak was just falling4 ,but1 said ,i1 in confusion1 was not the painter here8 ,he was1 she replied1 saucily2 at least his cloak was1 which he put around me when ,i met him at the gate1 because ,i was cold4 ,the ,lady fair1 hearing the noise1 sprang up from the lounge and came out to us4 ,my heart beat as if it would burst2 but what was my dismay when ,i looked at her1 and instead of the lovely ,lady fair saw an entire stranger6 ,she was a rather tall1 stout lady1 with a haughty1 hooked nose and high-arched black eyebrows1 very beautiful and imposing4 ,she looked at me so majestically out of her big1 glittering eyes that ,i was overwhelmed with awe4 ,so confused was ,i that ,i could only make bow after bow1 and at last ,i attempted to kiss her hand4 ,but she snatched it from me1 and said something in ,italian to her maid which ,i could not understand4 ,meanwhile1 the racket ,i had made had aroused the entire neighborhood4 ,dogs barked1 children screamed1 and men's voices were heard1 approaching the garden4 ,the ,lady gave me another glance1 as though she would have liked to pierce me through and through with fiery bullets1 then turned hastily and went into the room1 with a haughty1 forced laugh1 slamming the door directly in my face4 ,the maid seized me by the sleeve and pulled me toward the garden gate4 ,your stupidity is beyond belief6 she said in the most spiteful way as we went along4 ,i too was furious4 ,what the devil did you mean1 ,i said1 by telling me to come here8 ,that's just it6 exclaimed the girl4 ,my ,countess favored you so--first threw flowers out of the window to you1 sang songs--and this is her reward6 ,but there is absolutely nothing to be done with you2 you positively throw away your luck4 ,but1 ,i rejoined1 ,i meant the ,countess from ,germany1 the lovely ,lady fair-- ,oh1 she interrupted me1 she went back to ,germany long ago1 with your crazy passion for her4 ,and you'd better run after her6 ,no doubt she is pining for you1 and you can play the fiddle together and gaze at the moon1 only for pity's sake let me see no more of you6 ,all was confusion about us by this time4 ,people from the next garden were climbing over the fence armed with clubs1 others were searching among the paths and avenues2 frightened faces in nightcaps appeared here and there in the moonlight2 it seemed as if the devil had let loose upon us a mob of evil spirits4 ,the lady's-maid was nowise daunted4 ,there1 there goes the thief6 she called out to the people1 pointing across the garden4 ,then she pushed me out of the gate and clapped it to behind me4 ,there ,i stood once more beneath the stars in the deserted ,square1 as forlorn as when ,i had seen it first the day before4 ,the fountain1 which had but now seemed to sparkle as merrily in the moonlight as if cherubs were flitting up and down in it1 plashed on1 but all joy and happiness were buried beneath its waters4 ,i determined to turn my back forever on treacherous ,italy1 with its crazy painters1 its oranges1 and its lady's-maids1 and that very hour ,i wandered forth through the gate4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,on guard the faithful mountains stand3 ,who wanders o'er the moorland there ,from other climes1 in morning fair8 ,and as ,i look far o'er the land1 ,for very glee my heart laughs out4 ,the joyous vivats then ,i shout2 ,watchword and battle-cry shall be3 ,austria1 for thee6 ,the landscape far and near ,i know2 ,the birds and brooks and forests fair ,send me their greetings on the air2 ,the ,danube sparkles down below2 ,st4 ,stephen's spire far in the blue ,seems waving me a welcome too4 ,warm to its core my heart shall be1 ,austria1 for thee6 ,i was standing on the summit of a mountain whence the first view of ,austria can be had1 and ,i waved my hat joyfully in the air as ,i sang the last verse1 when suddenly from the forest behind me some fine instrumental music joined in4 ,i turned quickly and perceived three young fellows in long blue cloaks1 one playing a hautboy1 another a clarionet1 and the third1 who wore an old three-cornered hat1 a horn4 ,they played an accompaniment to my song1 which made the woods ring again4 ,i1 nothing loath1 took out my fiddle1 and played and sang with a will4 ,then one glanced meaningly at the others2 he who played the horn stopped puffing out his cheeks and took the instrument down from his mouth2 at last they all ceased playing1 and stared at me4 ,i ended my performance also1 and in turn stared at them4 ,we supposed1 the cornetist said at last1 from the length of the gentleman's coat that he was a traveling ,englishman1 journeying afoot here to admire the beauties of nature1 and we thought we might perhaps earn a trifle for our own travels4 ,but the gentleman seems to be a musician himself4 ,properly speaking1 a ,receiver1 ,i interposed1 and ,i come at present directly from ,rome2 but1 as it is some time since ,i received anything1 ,i have paid my way with my violin4 ',tis not worth much nowadays1 said the cornetist1 as he betook himself to the woods again1 and began fanning with his cocked hat a fire that they had kindled there4 ,wind-instruments are more profitable1 he continued4 ,when a noble family is seated quietly at their mid-day meal1 and we unexpectedly enter their vaulted vestibule and all three begin to blow with all our might1 a servant is sure to come running out to us with money or food1 just to get rid of the noise4 ,but will you not share our repast8 ,the fire in the forest was burning cheerily1 the morning was fresh2 we all sat down on the grass1 and two of the musicians took from the fire a can in which there was coffee with milk4 ,then they brought forth some bread from the pockets of their cloaks1 and each dipped it in the can and drank turn about with such relish that it was a pleasure to see them4 ,but the cornetist said1 ,i never could endure the black slops1 and1 after handing me a huge slice of bread and butter1 he brought out a bottle of wine1 from which he offered me a draught4 ,i took a good pull at it1 but had to put it down in a hurry with my face all of a pucker1 for it tasted like old ,gooseberry4 ,the wine of the country1 said the cornetist2 but ,italy has probably spoilt your ,german taste4 ,then he rummaged in his wallet1 and finally produced from among all sorts of rubbish an old1 tattered map of the country1 in the corner of which the emperor in his royal robes was still to be discerned1 a sceptre in his right hand1 the orb in his left4 ,this map he carefully spread out upon the ground2 the others drew nearer1 and they all consulted together as to their route4 ,the vacation is nearly over1 said one2 let us turn to the left as soon as we leave ,linz1 so as to be in ,prague in time4 ,upon my word6 exclaimed the cornetist4 ,whom do you propose to pipe to on that road8 ,nobody there save wood-choppers and charcoal-burners2 no culture nor taste for art--no station where one can spend a night for nothing6 ,oh1 nonsense6 rejoined the other4 ,i like the peasants best2 they know where the shoe pinches1 and are not so particular if you sometimes blow a false note4 ,that is1 you have no point d'honneur1 said the cornetist4 ,odi profanum vulgus et arceo1 as the ,latin has it4 ,well1 there must be some churches on the road1 struck in the third2 we can stop at the ,herr ,pastors'4 ,no1 ,i thank you1 said the cornetist2 they give little money1 but long sermons on the folly of philandering about the world when we might be acquiring knowledge1 and they wax specially eloquent when they sniff in me a future member of their fraternity4 ,no1 no1 clericus clericum non decimat4 ,but why be in such a hurry8 ,the ,herr ,professors are still at ,carlsbad1 and are sure not to be precise about the very day4 ,nay1 distinguendum est inter et inter1 replied the other2 quod licet ,jovi1 non licet bovi6 ,i now saw that they were students from ,prague1 and ,i conceived a great respect for them1 especially as they spoke ,latin like their mother-tongue4 ,is the gentleman a student8 the cornetist asked me4 ,i replied modestly that ,i had always been very fond of study1 but that ,i had had no money4 ,that's of no consequence1 said the cornetist2 we have neither money nor rich patrons1 but we get along by mother-wit4 ,aurora musis amica1 which means1 being interpreted1 ',do not waste too much time at breakfast4' ,but when the bells at noon echo from tower to tower1 and from mountain to mountain1 and the scholars crowd out of the old dark lecture-room1 and swarm shouting through the streets1 we betake us to the ,capuchin monastery1 to the father who presides in the refectory1 where there is sure to be a table spread for us1 or if not actually spread1 there will be at least a dish apiece1 and we fall to1 and perfect ourselves at the same time in our ,latin4 ,so you see we study right ahead from day to day4 ,and when at last the vacation comes1 and all the others depart for their homes1 by coach or on horseback1 then we stroll forth through the streets and through the city gate with our instruments under our cloaks and the world before us4 ,i can't tell how it was1 but1 while he spoke1 the thought that such learned people were so forlorn and forsaken in this world went to my very heart4 ,and then ,i thought of myself1 and how ,i was not much better off1 and the tears came into my eyes4 ,the cornetist eyed me askance4 ,i wouldn't give a fig1 he went on1 to travel with horses1 and coffee1 and freshly-made beds1 and nightcaps and boot-jacks1 all ordered beforehand4 ,it's just the delightful part of it that1 when we set out early in the morning1 and the birds of passage are winging their flight high in the air above us1 we do not know what chimney is smoking for us today1 and can never foresee what special piece of luck may befall us before evening4 ,yes1 said the other1 and wherever we go1 and take out our instruments1 people are merry2 and when we play at noon in the vestibule of some great country-house1 the maids will dance before the door1 and their masters and mistresses will have the drawing-room door opened a little1 the better to hear the music1 and the clatter of plates and the smell of the roast float out through the chink1 and the young misses at table well-nigh twist their necks off to see the musicians outside4 ,that's true6 exclaimed the cornetist1 with sparkling eyes4 ,let who will pore over their compendiums1 we choose to study in the vast picture-book which the dear ,god spreads open before us6 ,yes1 the gentleman may believe me1 we make the right sort of fellows1 who know how to preach to the peasants from the pulpit and to bang the cushion1 so that the clodpoles down below are ready to burst with humiliation and edification4 ,at hearing them talk thus1 ,i became so pleased and interested that ,i longed to be a student too4 ,i could have listened forever1 for ,i enjoy the conversation of men of learning1 from whom much is to be gained4 ,but we had no real1 sensible conversation1 for one of the students was worried because the vacation was so nearly at an end4 ,he put his clarionet together1 set up a sheet of music on his knees1 and began to practice a difficult passage from a mass which was to be played when they returned to ,prague4 ,there he sat and fingered and played away1 sometimes so false that it fairly pierced your ears and you couldn't hear your own voice4 ,suddenly the cornetist exclaimed in his bass tones1 ,i have it6 and down came his fist on the map before him4 ,the other stopped practising for a moment1 and looked at him in surprise4 ,hark ye1 said the cornetist1 there is a castle not far from ,vienna1 and in that castle there is a porter1 and that porter is my cousin6 ,dearest fellow-students1 that must be our goal2 we must pay our respects to my cousin1 and he will arrange for our further journey4 ,when ,i heard that1 ,i sprang to my feet4 ,doesn't he play on the bassoon8 ,i cried4 ,is he not tall and straight1 with a big1 prominent nose8 ,the cornetist nodded1 upon which ,i embraced him so enthusiastically that his three-cornered hat fell off1 and we all immediately determined to take the mail-boat on the ,danube to the castle of the beautiful ,countess4 ,when we arrived at the wharf all was ready for departure4 ,the fat host before whose inn the ship had lain all night was standing broad and cheery in his door-way1 which he quite filled1 shouting out all sorts of jokes and farewell speeches1 while from every window a girl's head was poked out nodding to the sailors1 who were just carrying the last packages aboard4 ,an elderly gentleman with a gray overcoat and a black neckerchief1 who was also going in the boat1 stood on the shore talking very earnestly with a slim young fellow in leather breeches and a trig scarlet jacket1 mounted on a magnificent chestnut4 ,to my great surprise1 they seemed to glance at times toward me1 and to be speaking of me4 ,at last the old gentleman laughed1 and the slim young fellow cracked his riding-whip and galloped off through the fresh morning across the shining landscape1 with the larks soaring above him4 ,meanwhile1 the students and ,i had combined our resources4 ,the captain laughed and shook his head when the cornetist counted out our passage-money to him in coppers1 for which we had diligently searched every corner of our pockets4 ,i shouted aloud when ,i once more saw the ,danube before me2 we hurried aboard1 the captain gave the signal1 and away we glided in the brilliant morning sunshine past the meadows and the mountains4 ,the birds in the woods were singing1 and the morning bells echoed afar from the villages on each side of us1 while overhead the larks' clear notes were now and then heard4 ,on the boat a canary-bird in its cage trilled and twittered back so that it was a delight to listen to it4 ,it belonged to a pretty young girl who was on the boat with us4 ,she kept the cage close beside her1 and under the other arm she had a small bundle of linen2 she sat by herself1 quite still1 looking in great content1 now at her new traveling-shoes1 which peeped out from beneath her petticoats1 and now down at the water1 while the morning sun shone on her white forehead1 above which the hair was neatly parted4 ,i noticed that the students would have liked to engage her in polite discourse1 for they kept passing to and fro before her1 and the cornetist1 whenever he did so1 cleared his throat1 and settled1 first his cravat1 and then his three-cornered hat4 ,but their courage failed them1 and moreover the girl cast down her eyes as soon as they1 approached her4 ,they seemed1 besides1 to stand in special awe of the elderly gentleman in the gray overcoat1 who was now sitting on the other side of the boat1 and whom they took for a divine4 ,he held an open breviary1 in which he was reading1 looking up from it frequently to admire the lovely scenery1 while the gilt edges of the book and the gay pictures of saints laid between its leaves shone brilliantly in the sun light4 ,he was perfectly well aware1 too1 of what was going on around him1 and soon recognized the birds by their feathers1 for before long he addressed one of the students in ,latin1 whereupon all three approached him1 took off their hats1 and made answer also in ,latin4 ,meanwhile1 ,i had seated myself at the prow of the boat1 where1 highly delighted1 ,i dangled my legs above the water1 gazing1 while the boat glided onward and the waves below me leaped and foamed1 constantly into the blue distance1 watching towers and castles one after another emerge from the dim depths of green1 grow and grow upon the sight1 and finally recede and vanish behind us4 ,if ,i had but wings at this moment6 ,i thought2 and at last in my impatience ,i drew forth my dear violin and played all my oldest pieces1 which ,i had learned at home and at the castle of the ,lady fair4 ,all at once some one behind me tapped me on the shoulder4 ,it was the reverend gentleman1 who had laid aside his book1 and had been listening to me for a while4 ,aha1 he said laughing1 aha1 my young ludi magister is forgetting to eat and drink6 ,whereupon he bade me put away my fiddle and take a bit of luncheon with him1 and he then led me to a pleasant little arbor which the boatmen had erected in the centre of the boat out of young birches and firs4 ,he had a table placed beneath it1 and ,i and the students1 and even the young girl1 were invited to sit down around it upon the casks and packages4 ,the reverend gentleman now produced cold meat and bread and butter1 which had all been carefully wrapped in paper1 and took from a case several bottles of wine and a silver goblet1 gilt inside1 which he filled1 tasted first himself1 then smelled1 tasted again1 and finally presented to each of us in turn4 ,the students sat bolt upright on their casks1 and only sipped a little1 so great was their awe4 ,the girl1 too1 just dipped her little beak in the goblet1 glancing shyly first at me and then at the students2 but the oftener she looked at us the bolder she grew4 ,at last she informed the reverend gentleman that she was leaving her home for the first time1 to go into service at a certain castle1 and as she spoke ,i blushed all over1 for the castle she mentioned was that of the ,lady fair4 ,then she is my future lady's maid6 ,i thought1 staring at her1 and feeling almost giddy4 ,there is soon to be a grand wedding at the castle1 said his reverence4 ,yes1 replied the girl1 who would have liked to learn more of the matter2 they say it is an old secret attachment1 but that the ,countess could never be brought to give her consent4 ,his reverence replied only by hm6 hm6 refilling his goblet1 and sipping from it with a thoughtful air4 ,i leaned forward with both elbows on the table1 that ,i might lose no word of the conversation4 ,his reverence observed it4 ,let me tell you1 he began again1 that both ,countesses sent me forth to discover whether the bridegroom be not in the country hereabouts4 ,a lady wrote from ,rome that he left there some time ago4 ,when he began about the lady in ,rome ,i blushed again4 ,is your reverence acquainted with the bridegroom8 ,i asked1 in confusion4 ,no1 replied the old gentleman2 but they say he is a gay bird4 ,oh1 yes1 said ,i1 hastily1 a bird that escapes as soon as it can from every cage1 and sings gaily when it regains its freedom4 ,and wanders about in foreign countries1 the old gentleman continued1 composedly1 goes everywhere at night1 and sleeps on door-steps in the daytime4 ,that vexed me extremely4 ,reverend sir1 ,i exclaimed1 with some heat1 you have been falsely informed4 ,the bridegroom is a slender1 moral1 promising youth1 who has been living in luxury in an old castle in ,italy1 and has associated solely with ,countesses1 famous painters1 and lady's-maids1 who knows perfectly well how to take care of his money1 if he had any1 who-- ,come1 come1 ,i had no idea that you knew him so well1 the divine here interrupted me1 laughing so heartily that he grew quite purple in the face and the tears rolled down his cheeks4 ,but ,i heard1 the girl interposed1 that the bridegroom was a stout1 very wealthy gentleman4 ,good heavens1 yes1 yes1 to be sure6 ,confusion worse confounded6 exclaimed his reverence1 laughing so that it brought on a fit of coughing4 ,when he had somewhat recovered himself1 he raised his goblet aloft and cried1 ,here's to the bridal pair6 ,i did not know what to make of the reverend gentleman and his talk1 and ,i was ashamed1 because of my adventures in ,rome1 to tell him here before all these people that ,i myself was the missing thrice happy bridegroom4 ,the goblet kept passing from hand to hand2 the reverend gentleman had a kind word for every one1 so that all liked him1 and finally the entire company chatted gaily together4 ,the students grew more and more loquacious1 recounting their experiences in the mountains1 and at last brought out their instruments and played away merrily4 ,the cool breeze from the water sighed through the leaves of the arbor1 the afternoon sun gilded the woods and vales which flew past us1 while the shores echoed back the notes of the horn4 ,and when the reverend gentleman1 stimulated by the music1 grew more and more genial1 and told us stories of his youth1 how in vacation-time he too had wandered over hills and dales1 and had been often hungry and thirsty1 but always happy1 and how1 in fact1 a student's whole life1 from its first day in the narrow1 dry lecture-room to its last1 is one long vacation1 then the students drank all around once more1 and struck up a song1 that reechoed among the distant mountains ,the birds are southward winging ,their yearly1 airy flight1 ,and roving lads are swinging ,their caps in morning's light2 ,we students thus are going1 ,and1 when the gates are nigh1 ,our trumpets shall be blowing1 ,in token of good-bye4 ,a long farewell we give thee1 ,o ,prague1 for we must leave thee1 ,et habeat bonam pacem1 ,qui sedet post fornacem6 ,when through the towns we're going ,at night1 the windows shine1 ,behind their curtains showing ,full many a damsel fine4 ,we play at many a gate-way1 ,and when our throats are dry ,we call mine host1 and straightway ,he treats us generously2 ,and o'er a goblet foaming ,we rest awhile from roaming4 ,venit ex sua domo-- ,beatus ille homo6 ,when roaming through the forest ,cold ,boreas whistles shrill1 ',tis then our need is sorest2 ,wet through on plain and hill1 ,our cloaks the winds are tearing1 ,our shoes are worn and old1 ,still playing1 onward faring1 ,in spite of rain and cold4 ,beatus ille homo ,qui sedet in sua domo ,et sedet post fornacem1 ,et habeat bonam pacem6 ,i1 the captain1 and the girl1 although we did not understand ,latin1 joined gaily in the last lines of each verse2 but ,i was the gayest of all1 for ,i had caught a glimpse in the distance of my toll-house1 and soon afterward the castle shone among the trees in the light of the setting sun4 ,,chapter ,x ,the boat touched the shore1 and we all left it as quickly as possible1 and scattered about in the meadows1 like birds suddenly set free from the cage4 ,the reverend gentleman took a hasty leave of us1 and strode off toward the castle4 ,the students repaired to a retired dingle1 where they could shake out their cloaks1 wash themselves in the brook1 and shave one another4 ,the new lady's-maid1 with her canary-bird and her bundle1 set out for an inn1 the hostess of which ,i had recommended to her as an excellent person1 and where she wished to change her gown before she presented herself at the castle4 ,as for me--the lovely evening shone right into my heart1 and as soon as all the rest had disappeared ,i lost not a moment1 but ran directly to the castle garden4 ,my toll-house1 which ,i had to pass1 was standing on the old spot1 the tall trees in the castle garden were still murmuring above it1 and a yellow-hammer1 which always used to sing at sunset in the chestnut-tree before the window1 was singing again1 as if nothing in the world had happened since ,i last heard him4 ,the toll-house window was open2 ,i ran up to it with delight and looked in4 ,there was no one there1 but the clock in the corner was ticking away1 the writing-table stood by the window1 and the long pipe in the corner as of old4 ,i could not resist the temptation to climb through the window and seat myself at the writing-table before the big account-book4 ,again the sunlight shone golden-green through the chestnut boughs upon the figures in the open book1 again the bees buzzed in and out of the window1 and again the yellow-hammer's jocund song sounded from the tree outside4 ,all at once the door of the sleeping-room opened1 and a tall1 old ,receiver1 in my dotted dressing-gown1 entered6 ,he paused on the threshold upon beholding me thus unexpectedly1 took his spectacles quickly from his nose1 and looked angrily at me4 ,not a little alarmed1 ,i started up1 and1 without saying a word1 ran out of the door and through the little garden1 where ,i was very nearly tripped up by the confounded potato-vines which the old ,receiver had planted1 evidently by the ,porter's advice1 in place of my flowers4 ,i heard him as he came out of the door scolding after me1 but ,i was mounted atop of the garden wall1 and gazing with a throbbing heart over into the castle garden4 ,ah1 how the birds were flitting and twittering and singing6 ,the lawns and paths were deserted1 but the gilded tree-tops nodded a welcome to me in the evening breeze1 and on one side1 up through masses of dark green foliage1 gleamed the ,danube4 ,suddenly ,i heard sung from the depths of the garden-- ,when the yearning heart is stilled ,as in dreams1 the forest sighing1 ,to the listening earth replying1 ,tells the thoughts with which 'twas filled1 ,days long vanished1 soothing sorrow-- ,from the ,past a light they borrow1 ,and the heart is gently thrilled4 ,the voice and the song were strangely familiar1 as if ,i had heard them somewhere in a dream4 ,i pondered over and over again1 and at last exclaimed1 joyfully1 ,it is ,herr ,guido6 swinging myself quickly down into the garden4 ,it was the selfsame song that he had sung on the balcony of the ,italian inn on that summer evening when ,i saw him for the last time4 ,he went on singing1 while ,i bounded over beds and hedges toward the singer4 ,but as ,i emerged from between the last clumps of rose-bushes ,i suddenly paused spellbound4 ,for on the green opening beside the little lake with the swans1 clearly illuminated in the ruddy evening light1 on a stone bench sat the lovely ,lady fair in a beautiful dress1 with a wreath of red and white roses on her dark-brown hair1 and downcast eyes1 tracing lines on the green-sward with her riding-whip1 just as she had sat in the skiff when ,i was forced to sing her the song of the ,lady fair4 ,opposite her sat another young lady1 with brown curls clustering on a plump white neck1 which was turned toward me2 she was singing to a guitar1 while the swans glided in wide circles on the placid water4 ,all at once the ,lady fair raised her eyes1 and gave a scream on perceiving me4 ,the other lady turned round toward me so quickly that her brown curls fell over her eyes1 and when she saw me she burst into a fit of immoderate laughter1 sprang up from the bench1 and clapped her hands thrice4 ,whereupon a crowd of little girls in white short skirts with red and green sashes came running out from among the rose-bushes1 so that ,i could not imagine where they had all been hiding4 ,they had long garlands of flowers in their hands1 and quickly formed a circle around me1 dancing and singing-- ,with ribbons gay of violets blue ,the bridal wreath we bring thee2 ,the merry dance we lead thee to1 ,and wedding songs we sing thee4 ,ribbons gay of violets blue1 ,bridal wreath we bring thee4 ,it was from ,der ,freischtz4 ,i recognized some of the little singers2 they were girls from the village4 ,i pinched their cheeks1 and tried to escape from the circle1 but the roguish little things would not let me out4 ,i could not tell what to make of it all1 and stood there perfectly dazed4 ,suddenly a young man in hunting costume emerged from the shrubbery4 ,hardly could ,i believe my eyes--it was merry ,herr ,lionardo6 ,the little girls now opened the circle and stood as if spell-bound on one foot1 with the other stretched out1 holding the garlands of flowers high above their heads with both hands4 ,herr ,lionardo took the hand of the lovely ,lady fair1 who had risen1 and had only now and then glanced at me1 and1 leading her up to me1 said-- ,love--on this point philosophers are unanimous--is one of the most courageous qualities of the human heart2 it shatters with a glance of fire the barriers of rank and station1 the world is too confined for it1 eternity too brief4 ,it is1 so to speak1 a poet's robe1 in which every dreamer enwraps himself once in this cold world1 for a journey to ,arcadia4 ,and the farther two parted lovers wander from each other1 the more beautiful and the richer are the folds of the robe1 the more surprising and wonderful is its extent1 as it sweeps behind them1 so that one really cannot travel far without treading on a couple of such trains4 ,o beloved ,herr ,receiver1 and bridegroom6 although wrapped in this robe you reached the shores of the ,tiber1 the little hands of your present bride held you fast by the extreme end of the train1 and1 however you might fiddle and fume1 you had to return within the magic influence of her beautiful eyes4 ,and since this is so1 you two dear1 foolish people1 wrap yourselves both up in this blessed robe1 forget all the rest of the world1 love like turtle-doves1 and be happy6 ,hardly had ,herr ,lionardo finished his speech when the other young lady who had sung the song approached me1 crowned me with a wreath of fresh myrtle1 and as she was arranging it1 with her face close to my own1 archly sang-- ,and therefore do ,i crown thee1 ,and therefore love thee so1 ,because thou oft hast moved me ,with the music of thy bow4 ,as she retreated a step or two1 ,do you remember the robbers who shook you down from the tree at night8 said she1 courtesying1 and giving me so arch a glance that my heart danced within me4 ,thereupon1 without waiting for an answer1 she walked around me4 ,actually just the same1 without any ,italian affectations6 ,but no6 look1 look at his fat pockets6 she exclaimed suddenly to the lovely ,lady fair4 ,violin1 linen1 razor1 portmanteau1 everything stuffed together6 ,she turned me all round as she spoke1 and could scarcely say anything more for laughing4 ,meanwhile1 the lovely ,lady fair was quite silent1 and could hardly raise her eyes for shame and confusion4 ,it seemed to me that at heart she was provoked at all this jesting talk4 ,at last her eyes filled with tears1 and she hid her face on the breast of the other lady1 who first looked at her in surprise and then clasped her affectionately in her arms4 ,i stood there as in a dream4 ,the longer ,i looked at the strange lady the more clearly ,i recognized her2 she was in truth no other than--the young painter1 ,herr ,guido6 ,i did not know what to say1 and was just about to question her1 when ,herr ,lionardo approached her and spoke in an undertone4 ,does he not know yet8 ,i heard him ask4 ,she shook her head4 ,he reflected for a moment1 and then said aloud1 ,no1 no1 he must be told all immediately1 or there will be all kinds of fresh gossip and confusion4 ,herr ,receiver1 he said1 turning to me1 we have not much time at present1 but do me the favor to exhaust your stock of surprise and wonder as quickly as possible1 that you may not hereafter1 by questions1 and wonderings1 and head-shakings among the people about here1 revive old tales and give rise to new rumors and suspicions4 ,so saying1 he drew me aside into the shrubbery1 while ,frulein ,guido made passes in the air with the ,lady fair's riding-whip1 and shook all her curls down over her eyes1 which did not prevent my seeing that she was blushing violently4 ,well1 then1 said ,herr ,lionardo1 ,frulein ,flora1 who is trying to look as if she neither knew nor had heard anything of the whole affair1 had exchanged hearts in a hurry with somebody4 ,whereupon somebody else appears1 and with sound of trumpet and drum offers her his heart1 and wishes for hers in return4 ,but her heart is already bestowed upon somebody1 and somebody's heart is in her possession1 and that somebody will neither take back his heart nor give back hers4 ,all the world exclaims--but have you never read any romances8 ,i shook my head4 ,well1 then1 at all events you have taken part in one4 ,in brief1 there was such a jumble with the hearts that somebody--that is1 ,i--had to take matters in hand4 ,i sprang on my horse one warm summer night1 mounted ,frulein ,flora as the painter ,guido on another1 and rode toward the south1 to conceal her in one of my lonely castles in ,italy till all the fuss about the hearts should be over4 ,but on the way we were tracked1 and from the balcony of the ,italian inn before which you kept1 sound asleep1 such admirable watch1 ,flora suddenly caught sight of our pursuer4 ,the crooked ,signor1 then-- ,was a spy4 ,therefore we secretly took to the woods1 and left you to travel post alone over our prearranged route4 ,that misled our pursuer1 and my people in the mountain castle besides2 they were hourly expecting the disguised ,flora1 and with more zeal than penetration they took you for the ,frulein4 ,even here at the castle they thought ,flora was among the mountains2 they inquired about her1 they wrote to her--did you not receive a note8 ,in an instant ,i produced the note from my pocket3 ,this letter1 then--8 ,is addressed to me1 said ,frulein ,flora1 who up to this point had seemed to be paying no attention to our conversation4 ,she snatched the note from me1 read it1 and put it into her bosom4 ,and now1 said ,herr ,lionardo1 we must hasten to the castle1 where they are all waiting for us4 ,in conclusion1 as a matter of course1 and as is fitting for every well-bred romance--discovery1 repentance1 reconciliation2 but we are all happy together once more1 and the wedding takes place the day after tomorrow6 ,just as he had finished1 a terrific racket of drums and trumpets1 horns and clarionets1 was suddenly heard in the shrubbery2 guns were fired at intervals1 loud cheers were given1 the little girls began to dance again1 and heads appeared among the bushes as if they had grown out of the earth4 ,i ran and leaped about in all the hurry and scurry1 but as it began to grow dark ,i only gradually recognized all the faces4 ,the old gardener beat the drum1 the students from ,prague in their cloaks played away1 and among them the ,porter fingered his bassoon like mad4 ,when ,i suddenly perceived him thus unexpectedly1 ,i ran to him and embraced him with enthusiasm1 causing him to play quite out of time4 ,upon my word1 if he should travel to the ends of the earth he would never be anything but a goose6 he said to the students1 and then went on blowing away at his bassoon in a fury4 ,meanwhile1 the lovely ,lady fair had privately escaped from all the noise and confusion1 and had fled like a startled fawn far into the depths of the garden4 ,i caught sight of her in time and hurried after her4 ,in their zeal the musicians never noticed us2 after a while they thought that we had decamped to the castle1 and then the entire band took up the line of march in that direction4 ,we1 however1 almost at the same moment reached a summer-house on the borders of the garden1 whence through the open window there was a view of the wide1 deep valley4 ,the sun had long since set behind the mountains1 a rosy haze glimmered in the warm fading twilight1 through which the murmur of the ,danube ascended clearer and clearer the stiller grew the air4 ,i looked long at the lovely ,countess1 who stood before me heated with her flight and so close that ,i could almost hear her heart beat4 ,now that ,i was alone with her ,i could find no words to speak1 so great was my awe of her4 ,at last ,i took heart of grace1 and clasped in mine one of her little white hands--and in one moment her head lay on my breast and my arms were around her4 ,in an instant she extricated herself and turned to the window to cool her glowing cheeks in the evening air4 ,ah1 ,i cried1 my heart is full to bursting1 but it all seems like a dream to me6 ,and to me too1 said the lovely ,lady fair4 ,when1 last summer1 she went on after a while1 ,i came back with the ,countess from ,rome where we fortunately found ,frulein ,flora1 and had brought her back with us but could hear nothing of you either there or here1 ,i never thought all this would come to pass4 ,it was only at noon today that ,jocky1 the good1 brisk fellow1 came breathless into the court-yard and brought the news that you had come by the mail-boat4 ,then she laughed quietly to herself4 ,do you remember1 she said1 that time when ,i came out on the balcony8 ,it was just such an evening as this1 and there was music in the garden4 ,and he is really dead8 ,i asked hastily4 ,whom do you mean8 replied the ,lady fair1 looking at me in surprise4 ,your ladyship's husband1 said ,i1 who was with you on the balcony4 ,she flushed crimson4 ,what strange fancies you have in your head6 she exclaimed4 ,that was the ,countess's son1 who had just returned from his travels1 and1 since it happened to be my birthday1 he led me out on the balcony with him that ,i might have a share of the cheers4 ,was that why you ran away8 ,good heavens1 yes6 ,i cried1 striking my forehead with my hand4 ,she shook her head and laughed merrily4 ,i was so happy there beside her while she went on chatting so confidingly1 that ,i could have sat listening until morning4 ,i found in my pocket a handful of almonds which ,i had brought with me from ,italy4 ,she took some1 and we sat and cracked them and gazed abroad over the quiet country4 ,do you see that little white villa1 she said after a while1 gleaming over there in the moonlight8 ,the ,count has given us that1 with its garden and vineyard2 there is where we are to live4 ,he found out long ago that we cared for each other1 and he is very fond of you1 for if he had not had you with them when he was running off with ,frulein ,flora they would both have been caught before the ,countess had become reconciled to him1 and everything would have been spoiled4 ,good heavens6 fairest1 sweetest ,countess1 ,i cried out1 my head is fairly spinning with all this unexpected and amazing information2 are you talking of ,herr ,lionardo8 ,yes1 yes1 she replied2 that is what he called himself in ,italy2 he owns all that property over there1 and he is going to marry our ,countess's daughter1 the lovely ,flora4 ,but why do you call me ,countess8 ,i stared at her4 ,i am no ,countess1 she went on4 ,our ,countess took me into the castle and had me educated under her care when my uncle1 the ,porter1 brought me here a poor little orphan child4 ,ah1 what a stone fell from my heart at these words6 ,god bless the ,porter1 ,i said in an ecstasy1 for being our uncle6 ,i always set great store by him4 ,and he would be very fond of you1 she replied1 if you would only comport yourself with more dignity1 as he expresses it4 ,you must dress with greater elegance4 ,oh1 ,i exclaimed1 enchanted1 an ,english dress-coat1 straw hat1 long trousers1 and spurs6 ,and as soon as we're married we will take a trip to ,italy--to ,rome--where lovely fountains are playing1 and we'll take with us the ,prague students1 and the ,porter6 ,she smiled quietly1 and gave me a happy glance1 while the music echoed in the distance1 and rockets flew up from the castle above the garden in the quiet night1 and the ,danube kept murmuring on1 and everything1 everything was delightful6 ,,adalbert ,,von ,,chamisso 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,castle ,,of ,,boncourt#cg 7#ahbg7 ,i dream of the days of my childhood1 ,and shake my silvery head4 ,how haunt ye my brain1 ,o visions1 ,methought ye forgotten and dead6 ,from the shades of the forest uprises ,a castle so lofty and great2 ,well know ,i the battlements1 towers1 ,the arching stone-bridge1 and the gate4 ,the lions look down from the scutcheon ,on me with familiar face2 ,i greet the old friends of my boyhood1 ,and speed through the courtyard space4 ,there lies the ,sphinx by the fountain2 ,the fig-tree's foliage gleams2 ',twas there1 behind yon windows1 ,i dreamt the first of my dreams4 ,i tread the aisle of the chapel1 ,and search for my fathers' graves-- ,behold them6 ,and there from the pillars ,hang down the old armor and glaives4 ,not yet can ,i read the inscription2 ,a veil hath enveloped my sight1 ,what though through the painted windows ,glows brightly the sunbeam's light4 ,thus gleams1 ,o hall of my fathers1 ,thy image so bright in my mind1 ,from the earth now vanished1 the ploughshare ,leaves of thee no vestige behind4 ,be fruitful1 lov'd soil1 ,i will bless thee1 ,while anguish o'er-cloudeth my brow2 ,threefold will ,i bless him1 whoever ,may guide o'er thy bosom the plough4 ,but ,i will up1 up1 and be doing2 ,my lyre ,i'll take in my hand2 ,o'er the wide1 wide earth will ,i wander1 ,and sing from land to land4 ,illustration3 ,,adalbert ,,von ,,chamisso 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,lion',s ,,bride#ch ,with myrtle bedecked and in bridal array1 ,comes the keeper's fair daughter1 as blooming as ,may4 ,she enters the cage of the lion2 he lies ,calm and still at her feet and looks up in her eyes4 ,the terrible beast1 of whom men are afraid1 ,lies peaceful and tame at the feet of the maid1 ,while she1 in her tender adorable grace1 ,is stroking his head as the tears stain her face4 ,in the days that are gone1 we were playmates so true2 ,like brother and sister we played1 ,i and you4 ,our love was still constant in joy or in pain-- ,but alas for the days that will ne'er come again6 ,you learned to toss proudly your glorious head1 ,and roar1 as you tossed it1 a warning of dread2 ,i grew from a babe to a woman--you see1 ,no longer a light-hearted child ,i can be4 ,oh1 would that those days had had never an end1 ,my splendid strong playmate1 my noble old friend6 ,but soon ,i must go1 so my parents decree1 ,away with a stranger--no more am ,i free4 ,a man has beheld me1 and fancied me fair2 ,he has asked for my hand--and the wreath's in my hair6 ,dear faithful old comrade1 my girlhood is dead2 ,and my sight is bedimmed with the tears ,i have shed4 ,do you know what ,i mean8 ,ah1 your look is a sign6 ,i have made up my mind1 and you need not repine4 ,but yonder he comes who must lead me away-- ,so ,i'll give the last kiss to my playmate today6 ,as the last fond farewell with reluctance she took1 ,the huge frame so trembled the bars even shook2 ,but when1 drawing near a strange man he espied1 ,a sudden alarm seized the heart of the bride4 ,the lion stands guard by the door of the cage-- ,he is lashing his tail1 he is roaring with rage4 ,with threats1 with entreaties she bids him to cease1 ,but in vain--in his might he denies her release4 ,without are confusion and cries of despair ,bring a gun6 shouts the bridegroom2 our one hope is there6 ,i will snatch her away from his horrible claws 99 99 99 ,but the lion defies him with foam-dripping jaws4 ,the girl makes a last frenzied dash for the door-- ,but his past love the beast seems to measure no more2 ,the sweet slender body goes down 'neath his might1 ,all bleeding and lifeless1 a pitiful sight4 ,then1 as if he knew well what a crime he had wrought1 ,he throws himself down by her1 caring for naught2 ,he lies all unheeding what dangers remain1 ,till the bullet avenging speeds swift through his brain4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woman',s ,,love ,,and ,,life#ci 7#ahcj7 #a ,since mine eyes beheld him1 ,blind ,i seem to be2 ,wheresoe'er they wander1 ,him alone they see4 ,round me glows his image1 ,in a waking dream2 ,from the darkness rising ,brighter doth it beam4 ,all is drear and gloomy ,that around me lies2 ,now my sister's pastimes ,i no longer prize2 ,in my chamber rather ,would ,i weep alone2 ,since my eyes beheld him ,blind methinks ,i'm grown4 #b ,he1 the best of all1 the noblest1 ,o how gentle6 ,o how kind ,lips of sweetness1 eyes of brightness1 ,steadfast courage1 lucid mind4 ,as on high1 in ,heaven's azure1 ,bright and splendid1 beams yon star1 ,thus he in my heaven beameth1 ,bright and splendid1 high and far4 ,wander1 wander where thou listest1 ,i will gaze but on thy beam2 ,with humility behold it1 ,in a sad1 yet blissful dream4 ,hear me not thy bliss imploring ,with prayer's silent eloquence8 ,know me now1 a lowly maiden1 ,star of proud magnificence6 ,may thy choice be rendered happy ,by the worthiest alone6 ,and ,i'll call a thousand blessings ,down on her exalted throne4 ,then ,i'll weep with tears of gladness2 ,happy1 happy then my lot6 ,if my heart should rive asunder1 ,break1 ,o heart--it matters not6 #c ,is it true8 ,o1 ,i cannot believe it2 ,a dream doth my senses enthrall2 ,o can he have made me so happy1 ,and exalted me thus above all8 ,meseems as if he had spoken1 ,i am thine1 ever faithful and true6 ,meseems--,o still am ,i dreaming-- ,it cannot1 it cannot be true6 ,o fain would ,i1 rocked on his bosom1 ,in the sleep of eternity lie2 ,that death were indeed the most blissful1 ,in the rapture of weeping to die4 #d ,help me1 ye sisters1 ,kindly to deck me1 ,me1 ,o the happy one1 aid me this morn6 ,let the light finger ,twine the sweet myrtle's ,blossoming garland1 my brow to adorn6 ,as on the bosom ,of my loved one1 ,wrapt in the bliss of contentment1 ,i lay1 ,he1 with soft longing ,in his heart thrilling1 ,ever impatiently sighed for today4 ,aid me1 ye sisters1 ,aid me to banish ,foolish anxieties1 timid and coy1 ,that ,i with sparkling ,eye may receive him1 ,him the bright fountain of rapture and joy4 ,do ,i behold thee1 ,thee1 my beloved one1 ,dost thou1 ,o sun1 shed thy beam upon me8 ,let me devoutly1 ,let me in meekness ,bend to my lord and my master the knee6 ,strew1 ye fair sisters1 ,flowers before him1 ,cast budding roses around at his feet6 ,joyfully quitting ,now your bright circle1 ,you1 lovely sisters1 with sadness ,i greet4 #e ,dearest friend1 thou lookest ,on me with surprise1 ,dost thou wonder wherefore ,tears suffuse mine eyes8 ,let the dewy pearl-drops ,like rare gems appear1 ,trembling1 bright with gladness1 ,in their crystal sphere4 ,with what anxious raptures ,doth my bosom swell6 ,o had ,i but language ,what ,i feel to tell6 ,come and hide thy face1 love1 ,here upon my breast1 ,in thine ear ,i'll whisper ,why ,i am so blest4 ,now the tears thou knowest ,which my joy confessed1 ,thou shalt not behold them1 ,thou1 my dearest1 best2 ,linger on my bosom1 ,feel its throbbing tide2 ,let me press thee firmly1 ,firmly1 to my side6 ,here may rest the cradle1 ,close my couch beside1 ,where it may in silence ,my sweet vision hide2 ,soon will come the morning1 ,when my dream will wake1 ,and thy smiling image ,will to life awake4 #f ,upon my heart1 and upon my breast1 ,thou joy of all joys1 my sweetest1 best6 ,bliss1 thou art love2 ,o love1 thou art bliss-- ,i've said it1 and seal it here with a kiss4 ,i thought no happiness mine could exceed1 ,but now ,i am happy1 ,o happy indeed6 ,she only1 who to her bosom hath pressed ,the babe who drinketh life at her breast2 ',tis only a mother the joys can know ,of love1 and real happiness here below4 ,how ,i pity man1 whose bosom reveals ,no joys like that which a mother feels6 ,thou look'st on me1 with a smile on thy brow1 ,thou dear1 dear little angel1 thou6 ,upon my heart1 and upon my breast1 ,thou joy of all joys1 my sweetest1 best6 #g ,ah1 thy first wound hast thou inflicted now6 ,but oh6 how deep6 ,hard-hearted1 cruel man1 now sleepest thou ,death's long1 long sleep4 ,i gaze upon the void in silent grief1 ,the world is drear2 ,i've lived and loved1 but now the verdant leaf ,of life is sere4 ,i will retire within my soul's recess1 ,the veil shall fall2 ,i'll live with thee and my past happiness1 ,o thou1 my all6 ,illustration3 ,permission ,franz ,hanfstaengl1 ,new ,york ,,moritz ,,von ,,schwind ,,the ,,wedding ,,journey 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,women ,,of ,,weinsberg#dj 7#ahca7 ,it was the good ,king ,konrad with all his army lay ,before the town of ,weinsberg full many a weary day2 ,the ,guelph at last was vanquished1 but still the town held out2 ,the bold and fearless burghers they fought with courage stout4 ,but then came hunger1 hunger6 ,that was a grievous guest2 ,they went to ask for favor1 but anger met their quest4 ,through you the dust hath bitten full many a worthy knight1 ,and if your gates you open1 the sword shall you requite6 ,then came the women1 praying3 ,let be as thou hast said1 ,yet give us women quarter1 for we no blood have shed6 ,at sight of these poor wretches the hero's anger failed1 ,and soft compassion entered and in his heart prevailed4 ,the women shall be pardoned1 and each with her shall bear ,as much as she can carry of her most precious ware2 ,the women with their burdens unhindered forth shall go1 ,such is our royal judgment--we swear it shall be so6 ,at early dawn next morning1 ere yet the east was bright1 ,the soldiers saw advancing a strange and wondrous sight2 ,the gate swung slowly open1 and from the vanquished town ,forth swayed a long procession of women weighted down2 ,for perched upon her shoulders each did her husband bear-- ,that was the thing most precious of all her household ware4 ,we'll stop the treacherous women6 cried all with one intent2 ,the chancellor he shouted3 ,this was not what we meant6 ,but when they told ,king ,konrad1 the good ,king laughed aloud2 ,if this was not our meaning1 they've made it so1 he vowed1 ,a promise is a promise1 our loyal word was pledge2 ,it stands1 and no ,lord ,chancellor may quibble or map hedge4 ,thus was the royal scutcheon kept free from stain or blot6 ,the story has descended from days now half forgot2 ',twas eleven hundred and forty this happened1 as ,i've heard1 ,the flower of ,german princes thought shame to break his word4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,crucifix#da 7#ahcj7 ,in hopeless contemplation of his work ,the master stood1 a frown upon his brow1 ,where shame and self-contempt appeared to lurk4 ,with all his art and knowledge he had now ,portrayed the suffering ,savior's image there-- ,yet could the marble not with life endow4 ,he could not make it live1 for all his care-- ,what is not flesh knows not to suffer pain2 ,cold stone can none but stone's cold likeness bear4 ,beauty and due proportion though it gain1 ,the chisel's marks will never disappear ,and nature wake1 howe'er his prayer may strain3 ,ah1 turn not from me1 ,nature6 ,thou most dear1 ,i long to raise thee to undreamed of height-- ,but thou art dumb 99 99 99 a sorry bungler's here6 ,there entered then a loyal neophyte1 ,who looked with reverence on the master's art ,and stood beside him1 flushed with new delight4 ,to the same muse was given his young heart1 ,the selfsame quest of beauty filled his days-- ,yet must his soul with endless failure smart4 ,to him the master3 ,scorn is in thy praise6 ,if so this dull1 dead stone thy mind can fill1 ,to death1 not life1 thou must have turned thy face6 ,then boldly spoke the youth3 ,admire ,i will6 ,what though thy ,christ for death's repose prepare ,so strangely silent and so strangely still1 ,yet at a great thing greatly wrought ,i stare1 ,and long to match the marvel that ,i see2 ,i see what is1 and thou what should be there4 ,the master looked upon him silently1 ,his youthful strength1 his limbs so straight and fine1 ,and deemed there were no model such as he4 ,a prey thou find'st me to despair malign-- ,how get from lifeless marble life and pain8 ,here nature fails1 whose secrets else are mine4 ,to seek a hireling's aid were all in vain2 ,and sought ,i thine1 though partner of my aims1 ,naught but a cold refusal should ,i gain4 ,nay1 said the youth1 in art's and ,god's high names1 ,i would perform unwearied1 unafraid1 ,whate'er of me thy need transcendent claims4 ,he spoke1 and straight his beauty disarrayed1 ,showing the fair flower of his youthful grace ,within the guarded workshop's sacred shade4 ,entranced the master gazed1 and could not chase ,a thought that rose unbidden to his mind-- ,if pain upon that form its lines could trace6 ,the help thou off'rest if ,i am to find1 ,thee too the cross must raise above the ground 99 99 99 ,willing1 the youth his gracious limbs resigned4 ,with tight cords first his prey the sculptor bound1 ,then brought the hammer and the piercing nails-- ,a martyr's death must close the destined round6 ,the first sharp nail went through1 and piteous wails ,burst from the youth1 but no compassion woke2 ,an eager eye the look of suffering hails4 ,with restless haste redoubled1 stroke on stroke ,achieved the bleeding model that he sought4 ,calmly to work he went2 no word he spoke4 ,a hideous joy upon his features wrought-- ,for nature now each shade of anguished woe ,upon the expiring lovely form had taught4 ,unceasing worked his hands1 above1 below2 ,his heart was to all human feeling dead-- ,but in the marble 99 99 99 life began to show6 ,whether in prayer the sufferer bowed his head1 ,or in despairing torment gnashed his teeth1 ,still on the sculptor's flying fingers sped4 ,the pale1 exhausted victim1 nigh to death1 ,as night the third long day of agony ,is ending1 murmurs with his last weak breath1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 hast ,thou forsaken me8 ,the eyes1 half raised1 sink down1 the writhings cease1 ,the awful crime has reached its term--and see ,there1 in its glory1 stands a masterpiece6 ,,ii ,my ,god1 my ,god1 hast ,thou forsaken me8 ,at midnight in the minster rang the wail2 ,who could have raised it8 ',twas a mystery4 ,at the high altar1 where its radiance pale ,a tiny lamp threw out1 a form was found ,to move1 whence came the faltering accents frail4 ,and then it dashed itself upon the ground1 ,its forehead 'gainst the stones1 and wildly wept2 ,the vaulted roof rechoed with the sound4 ,long was the vigil that dim figure kept ,that seemed by tears so strangely comforted2 ,none dared its tottering footsteps intercept4 ,at last the night's mysterious hours were sped ,and day returned2 but all was silent now1 ,and with the dawn the ghostly form had fled4 ,the faithful came before their ,god to bow1 ,the canons to the altar reverently4 ,there had been placed above it1 none knew how1 ,a crucifix whose like none e'er did see2 ,thus1 only thus had ,god ,his strength put by1 ,thus had ,he looked upon the blood-stained tree4 ,to ,him whose suffering brought salvation nigh ,came sinners for release1 a contrite band-- ,and ,christ have mercy6 was the general cry4 ,it seems not like the work of mortal hand hand-- ,who can have set the godlike image there8 ,who in the dead of night such offering planned8 ,it is the master's1 who with anxious care ,has waited1 from the public gaze withdrawn1 ,to show the utmost that his art can dare4 ,what shall we bring him for his ease foregone ,and brain o'ertasked8 ,gold is but sorry meed-- ,his head a crown of laurel shall put on6-- ,so soon a great procession was decreed ,of priests and laymen2 marching in the van ,went one who bore the recompense agreed4 ,they came where dwelt the venerated man-- ,and found an open door1 an empty house2 ,they called his name1 and naught but echoes ran4 ,the drums and cymbals all the neighbors rouse ,and trumpets shrill their joy2 but none appears ,to see the grateful people pay their vows4 ,he is not there1 the grave assemblage hears2 ,a neighbor1 waking early1 like a ghost ,saw him steal forth1 a prey to nameless fears4 ,from room to room they went--their pains were lost2 ,in all the desolate chambers there was none ,that answered them1 or came to play the host4 ,they called aloud1 let in the cheerful sun ,through opened windows--in their anxious round ,into the workshop entrance last they won 99 99 991 ,ah1 speak not of the horror there they found6 ,,iii ,they have brought a captive home1 and raging told ,that he is stained with foulest blasphemy1 ,mocks their false prophet with his insults bold4 ,it is the pilgrim we were used to see ,for penance roaming 'neath our palm-trees' shade1 ,till at the ,holy ,grave he might be free4 ,will he1 when comes the hangman1 unafraid ,a ,christian's courage show in face of wrong8 ,god strengthen him on whom he cries for aid6 ,ah yes--though life is sweet1 his will is strong1 ,his mind made up2 he yields him to their hands1 ,content to shed his blood in torment long4 ,nay1 look not yonder1 where the savage bands ,and merciless prepare a hideous deed-- ,perchance a like dread fate before us stands6 ,he comes1 a victim led 99 99 99 yet will he bleed8 ,i see a wondrous radiance in his face1 ,as though unlooked-for safety were decreed6 ,can he have bought it 99 99 998 ,no6 they stride apace ,toward the blood-stained spot--it is to be4 ,the martyr's palm his confident brow shall grace4 ,weep not6 ,no tears of pity flowed from me ,when to the cross the tender youth ,i bound-- ,my heart of stone ignored his misery4 ,so1 hounded by remorse1 the sinner found ,the path of expiation1 firmly trod1 ,cain's brand upon him1 all the dreadful round4 ,thou who didst die for me1 all-pitying ,god1 ,wilt ,thou vouchsafe my tortures now an end8 ,i have not asked deliverance from ,thy rod1 ,nor hoped ,thou shouldst to me ,thy mercy lend4 ',tis life1 not death1 that is so hard to bear 99 99 99 ,into ,thy hands my spirit ,i commend6 ,so when the ruffian captors seized him there ,and bound him to the cross1 he calmly smiled2 ',twas they that watched whose brows were lined with care4 ,and as his limbs were torn with anguish wild1 ,and he was lifted 'mid the throng on high1 ,white peace came down upon his soul defiled4 ,in passionate prayer the faithful watched him die ,that stood beneath the cross2 his lips were still-- ,his suffering was one long atoning cry4 ,the day passed1 and the night2 with dauntless will ,he yet found strength his torment dire to face4 ,the third day's sun sank down behind the hill2 ,and as the glory of its parting rays ,he strove with glazing eye once more to see1 ,with his last breath he cried in joyful praise ,my ,god1 my ,god1 ,thou hast not forsaken me6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,old ,,singer#db 7#ahcc7 ,once a strange old man went singing1 ,words of scornful admonition ,to the streets and markets bringing3 ,in the wilds a voice am ,i6 ,slowly1 slowly seek your mission2 ,naught in haste1 or rash endeavor-- ,from the work yet ceasing never ,slow and sure the hour draws nigh6 ,time's great branches cease from shaking2 ,blind are ye1 devoid of reason1 ,if its fruit ye would be taking ,when its blossoms have but burst4 ,let it ripen to its season1 ,wind within its branches bluster-- ,of itself the fruits 'twill muster ,for whose juices ripe ye thirst4 ,wild1 excited crowds are scorning ,in their guise the gray old singer1 ,thus reward him for his warning1 ,ape his songs in mockery3 ,shall we let the fellow linger ,to disgrace us8 ,stone him1 beat him1 ,with the scorn he merits treat him-- ,let the world his folly see6 ,so the strange old man went singing1 ,to the halls of royal splendor ,scornful admonition bringing3 ,in the wilds a voice am ,i6 ,doubt not1 dream not of surrender3 ,forward1 forward1 never ceasing1 ,strength in spite of all increasing-- ,slow and sure the hour draws nigh6 ,with the stream1 before the breezes ,wouldst thou show thy strength1 then teach it ,both to conquer as it pleases-- ,both are weaker than the grave4 ,choose thy port1 and steer to reach it6 ,threatening rocks8 ,the rudder's master2 ,turning back is sure disaster1 ,and its end beneath the wave4 ,one was seen to blench in terror1 ,flushing first1 then sudden paling3 ,who gave entrance--whose the error ,let this madman pass along8 ,all things show his wits are failing-- ,shall he daze our people's senses8 ,prison him with sure defenses1 ,silence hold his silly song6 ,but the strange old man went singing ,where within the tower they bound him-- ,calm and clear his answer ringing3 ,in the wilds a voice am ,i6 ,though the people's hate surround him1 ,must the prophet still endeavor1 ,from his mission ceasing never-- ,slow and sure the hour draws nigh6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,old ,,washerwoman#dc 7#ahcc7 ,among yon lines her hands have laden1 ,a laundress with white hair appears1 ,alert as many a youthful maiden1 ,spite of her five-and-seventy years4 ,bravely she won those white hairs1 still ,eating the bread hard toil obtain'd her1 ,and laboring truly to fulfil ,the duties to which ,god ordain'd her4 ,once she was young and full of gladness2 ,she loved and hoped1 was woo'd and won2 ,then came the matron's cares1 the sadness ,no loving heart on earth may shun4 ,three babes she bore her mate2 she pray'd ,beside his sick-bed2 he was taken2 ,she saw him in the churchyard laid1 ,yet kept her faith and hope unshaken4 ,the task her little ones of feeding ,she met unfaltering from that hour2 ,she taught them thrift and honest breeding1 ,her virtues were their worldly dower4 ,to seek employment1 one by one1 ,forth with her blessing they departed1 ,and she was in the world alone1 ,alone and old1 but still high-hearted4 ,with frugal forethought1 self-denying1 ,she gather'd coin and flax she bought1 ,and many a night her spindle plying1 ,good store of fine-spun thread she wrought4 ,the thread was fashion'd in the loom2 ,she brought it home1 and calmly seated ,to work1 with not a thought of gloom1 ,her decent grave-clothes she completed4 ,she looks on them with fond elation1 ,they are her wealth1 her treasure rare1 ,her age's pride and consolation1 ,hoarded with all a miser's care4 ,she dons the sark each ,sabbath day1 ,to hear the ,word that faileth never2 ,well-pleased she lays it then away1 ,till she shall sleep in it forever4 ,would that my spirit witness bore me ,that1 like this woman1 ,i had done ,the work my ,master put before me1 ,duly from morn till set of sun4 ,would that life's cup had been by me ,quaff'd in such wise and happy measure1 ,and that ,i too might finally ,look on my shroud with such meek pleasure4 ,,the ,,wonderful ,,history ,,of ,,peter ,,schlemihl 7#ahad7 ,by ,,adalbert ,,von ,,chamisso ,,translated ,,by ,,frederic ,h4 ,,hedge ,,chapter ,i ,after a fortunate1 but for me very troublesome voyage1 we finally reached the port4 ,the instant that ,i touched land in the boat1 ,i loaded myself with my few effects1 and passing through the swarming people1 ,i entered the first1 and most modest house1 before which ,i saw a sign hang4 ,i requested a room2 the boots measured me with a look1 and conducted me into the garret4 ,i caused fresh water to be brought1 and made him exactly describe to me where ,i should find ,mr4 ,thomas ,john4 ,he replied to my inquiry--,before the north gate2 the first country-house on the right hand2 a large new house of red and white marble1 with many columns4 ,good6 ,it was still early in the day4 ,i opened at once my bundle2 took thence my new black cloth coat2 clad myself cleanly in my best apparel2 put my letter of introduction into my pocket1 and immediately set out on the way to the man who was to promote my modest expectations4 ,when ,i had ascended the long ,north ,street1 and reached the gate1 ,i soon saw the pillars glimmer through the foliage4 ,here it is1 then1 thought ,i4 ,i wiped the dust from my shoes with my pocket-handkerchief1 put my neckcloth in order1 and in ,god's name rung the bell4 ,the door flew open4 ,in the hall ,i had an examination to undergo2 the porter1 however1 permitted me to be announced1 and ,i had the honor to be called into the park1 where ,mr4 ,john was walking with a select party4 ,i recognized the man at once by the lustre of his corpulent self-complacency4 ,he received me very well--as a rich man receives a poor devil--even turned toward me1 without turning from the rest of the company1 and took the offered letter from my hand4 ,so1 so1 from my brother6 ,i have heard nothing from him for a long time4 ,but he is well8 ,there1 continued he1 addressing the company1 without waiting for an answer1 and pointing with the letter to a hill1 there ,i am going to erect the new building4 ,he broke the seal without breaking off the conversation1 which turned upon riches4 ,he that is not master of a million1 at least1 he observed1 is--pardon me the word--a wretch6 ,o6 how true6 ,i exclaimed with a rush of overflowing feeling4 ,that pleased him4 ,he smiled at me1 and said--,stay here1 my good friend2 in a while ,i shall perhaps have time to tell you what ,i think about this4 ,he pointed to the letter1 which he then thrust into his pocket1 and turned again to the company4 ,he offered his arm to a young lady2 the other gentlemen addressed themselves to other fair ones2 each found what suited him2 and all proceeded toward the rose-blossomed mound4 ,i slid into the rear1 without troubling any one1 for no one troubled himself any further about me4 ,the company was excessively lively2 there were dalliance and playfulness2 trifles were sometimes discussed with an important tone1 but oftener important matters with levity2 and especially pleasantly flew the wit over absent friends and their circumstances4 ,i was too strange to understand much of all this2 too anxious and introverted to take an interest in such riddles4 ,we had reached the rosary4 ,the lovely ,fanny1 the belle of the day1 as it appeared1 would1 out of obstinacy1 herself break off a blooming bough4 ,she wounded herself on a thorn1 and as if from the dark roses1 flowed the purple on her tender hand4 ,this circumstance put the whole party into a flutter4 ,english plaster was sought for4 ,a still1 thin1 lanky1 longish1 oldish man1 who stood near1 and whom ,i had not hitherto remarked1 put his hand instantly into the close-lying breast-pocket of his old ,french gray taffetty coat2 produced thence a little pocket-book2 opened it2 and presented to the lady1 with a profound obeisance1 the required article4 ,she took it without noticing the giver1 and without thanks2 the wound was bound up2 and we went forward over the hill1 from whose back the company could enjoy the wide prospect over the green labyrinth of the park to the boundless ocean4 ,the view was in reality vast and splendid4 ,a light point appeared on the horizon between the dark flood and the blue of the heaven4 ,a telescope here6 cried ,john2 and already1 before the servants who appeared at the call were in motion1 the gray man1 modestly bowing1 had thrust his hand into his coat-pocket1 and drawn thence a beautiful ,dollond and handed it to ,john4 ,bringing it immediately to his eye1 the latter informed the company that it was the ship which went out yesterday1 and was detained in view of port by contrary winds4 ,the telescope passed from hand to hand1 but not again into that of its owner4 ,i1 however1 gazed in wonder at the man1 and could not conceive how the great machine had come out of the narrow pocket2 but this seemed to have struck no one else1 and nobody troubled himself any farther about the gray man than about myself4 ,refreshments were handed round2 the choicest fruits of every zone1 in the costliest vessels4 ,mr4 ,john did the honors with an easy grace1 and a second time addressed a word to me4 ,help yourself2 you have not had the like at sea4 ,i bowed1 but he saw it not2 he was already speaking with some one else4 ,the company would fain have reclined upon the sward on the slope of the hill1 opposite to the outstretched landscape1 had they not feared the dampness of the earth4 ,it were divine1 observed one of the party1 had we but a ,turkey carpet to spread here4 ,the wish was scarcely expressed when the man in the gray coat had his hand in his pocket1 and was busied in drawing thence1 with a modest and even humble deportment1 a rich ,turkey carpet interwoven with gold4 ,the servants received it as a matter of course1 and opened it on the required spot4 ,the company1 without ceremony1 took their places upon it2 for myself1 ,i looked again in amazement on the man1 at the pocket1 at the carpet1 which measured above twenty paces long and ten in breadth1 and rubbed my eyes1 not knowing what to think of it1 especially as nobody saw anything extraordinary in it4 ,i would fain have had some explanation regarding the man1 and have asked who he was1 but ,i knew not to whom to address myself1 for ,i was almost more afraid of the gentlemen's servants than of the served gentlemen4 ,at length ,i took courage1 and stepped up to a young man who appeared to me to be of less consideration than the rest1 and who had often stood alone4 ,i begged him softly to tell me who the agreeable man in the gray coat there was4 ,he there1 who looks like an end of thread that has escaped out of a tailor's needle8 ,yes1 he who stands alone4 ,i don't know him1 he replied1 and1 as it seemed1 in order to avoid a longer conversation with me he turned away and spoke of indifferent matters to another4 ,the sun began now to shine more powerfully1 and to inconvenience the ladies4 ,the lovely ,fanny addressed carelessly to the gray man1 whom1 as far as ,i am aware1 no one had yet spoken to1 the trifling question1 ,whether he had not1 perchance1 also a tent by him8 ,he answered her by an obeisance most profound1 as if an unmerited honor were done him1 and had already his hand in his pocket1 out of which ,i saw come canvas1 poles1 cordage1 iron-work--in short1 everything which belongs to the most splendid pleasure-tent4 ,the young gentlemen helped to expand it1 and it covered the whole extent of the carpet1 and nobody found anything remarkable in it4 ,i had already become uneasy1 nay1 horrified at heart1 but how completely so1 as1 at the very next wish expressed1 ,i saw him yet pull out of his pocket three roadsters--,i tell thee1 three beautiful great black horses1 with saddle and caparison4 ,bethink thee6 for ,god's sake6--three saddled horses1 still out of the same pocket from which already a pocket-book1 a telescope1 an embroidered carpet1 twenty paces long and ten broad1 a pleasure-tent of equal dimensions1 and all the requisite poles and irons1 had come forth6 ,if ,i did not protest to thee that ,i saw it myself with my own eyes1 thou couldst not possibly believe it4 ,embarrassed and obsequious as the man himself appeared to be1 little as was the attention which had been bestowed upon him1 yet to me his grisly aspect1 from which ,i could not turn my eyes1 became so fearful that ,i could bear it no longer4 ,i resolved to steal away from the company1 which from the insignificant part ,i played in it seemed to me an easy affair4 ,i proposed to myself to return to the city1 to try my luck again on the morrow with ,mr4 ,john1 and if ,i could muster the necessary courage1 to question him about the singular gray man4 ,had ,i only had the good fortune to escape so well6 ,i had already actually succeeded in stealing through the rosary1 and1 in descending the hill1 found myself on a piece of lawn1 when1 fearing to be encountered in crossing the grass out of the path1 ,i cast an inquiring glance round me4 ,what was my terror to behold the man in the gray coat behind me1 and making toward me6 ,in the next moment he took off his hat before me1 and bowed so low as no one had ever yet done to me4 ,there was no doubt but that he wished to address me1 and1 without being rude1 ,i could not prevent it4 ,i also took off my hat2 bowed also2 and stood there in the sun with bare head as if rooted to the ground4 ,i stared at him full of terror1 and was like a bird which a serpent has fascinated4 ,he himself appeared very much embarrassed4 ,he raised not his eyes2 again bowed repeatedly2 drew nearer1 and addressed me with a soft1 tremulous voice1 almost in a tone of supplication4 ,may ,i hope1 sir1 that you will pardon my boldness in venturing in so unusual a manner to approach you1 but ,i would ask a favor4 ,permit me most condescendingly---- ,but in ,god's name6 exclaimed ,i in my trepidation1 what can ,i do for a man who-- we both started1 and1 as ,i believe1 reddened4 ,after a moment's silence1 he again resumed3 ,during the short time that ,i had the happiness to find myself near you1 ,i have1 sir1 many times--allow me to say it to you--really contemplated with inexpressible admiration1 the beautiful1 beautiful1 shadow which1 as it were1 with a certain noble disdain1 and without yourself remarking it1 you cast from you in the sunshine4 ,the noble shadow at your feet there4 ,pardon me the bold supposition1 but possibly you might not be indisposed to make this shadow over to me4 ,he was silent1 and a mill-wheel seemed to whirl round in my head4 ,what was ,i to make of this singular proposition to sell my own shadow8 ,he must be mad1 thought ,i1 and with an altered tone which was more assimilated to that of his own humility1 ,i answered thus3 ,ha6 ha6 good friend1 have not you then enough of your own shadow8 ,i take this for a business of a very singular sort-- ,he hastily interrupted me--,i have many things in my pocket which1 sir1 might not appear worthless to you1 and for this inestimable shadow ,i hold the very highest price too small4 ,it struck cold through me again as ,i was reminded of the pocket4 ,i knew not how ,i could have called him good friend4 ,i resumed the conversation1 and sought1 if possible1 to set all right again by excessive politeness4 ,but1 sir1 pardon your most humble servant2 ,i do not understand your meaning4 ,how indeed could my shadow--he interrupted me-- ,i beg your permission only here on the spot to be allowed to take up this noble shadow and put it in my pocket2 how ,i shall do that1 be my care4 ,on the other hand1 as a testimony of my grateful acknowledgment to you1 ,i give you the choice of all the treasures which ,i carry in my pocket--the genuine ,spring-root1 the ,mandrake-root1 the ,change-penny1 the ,rob-dollar1 the ,napkin of ,roland's ,page1 a ,mandrake-man1 at your own price4 ,but these probably don't interest you--rather ,fortunatus' ,wishing-cap newly and stoutly repaired1 and a lucky-bag such as he had6 ,the ,luck-purse of ,fortunatus6 ,i exclaimed1 interrupting him2 and great as my anxiety was1 with that one word he had taken my whole mind captive4 ,a dizziness seized me1 and double ducats seemed to glitter before my eyes4 ,honored ,sir1 will you do me the favor to view1 and to make trial of this purse8 ,he thrust his hand into his pocket1 and drew out a tolerably large1 well-sewed purse of stout ,corduan leather1 with two strong strings1 and handed it to me4 ,i plunged my hand into it1 and drew out ten gold pieces1 and again ten1 and again ten1 and again ten4 ,i extended him eagerly my hand ,agreed6 the business is done2 for the purse you have my shadow6 ,he closed with me2 kneeled instantly down before me1 and ,i beheld him1 with an admirable dexterity1 gently loosen my shadow from top to toe from the grass1 lift it up1 roll it together1 fold it1 and1 finally1 pocket it4 ,he arose1 made me another obeisance1 and retreated toward the rosary4 ,i fancied that ,i heard him there softly laughing to himself2 but ,i held the purse fast by the strings2 all round me lay the clear sunshine1 and within me was yet no power of reflection4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,at length ,i came to myself1 and hastened to quit the place where ,i had nothing more to expect4 ,in the first place ,i filled my pockets with gold2 then ,i secured the strings of the purse fast round my neck1 and concealed the purse itself in my bosom4 ,i passed unobserved out of the park1 reached the highway and took the road to the city4 ,as1 sunk in thought1 ,i approached the gate1 ,i heard a cry behind me--,young gentleman6 eh6 young gentleman6 hear you6 ,i looked round1 an old woman called after me4 ,do take care1 sir1 you have lost your shadow6 ,thank you1 good mother6 ,i threw her a gold piece for her well-meant information1 and stopped under the trees4 ,at the city gate ,i was compelled to hear again from the sentinel--,where has the gentleman left his shadow8 ,and immediately again from some women--,jesus ,maria6 the poor fellow has no shadow6 ,that began to irritate me1 and ,i became especially careful not to walk in the sun4 ,this could not1 however1 be accomplished everywhere--for instance1 over the broad street which ,i next must cross1 actually1 as mischief would have it1 at the very moment that the boys came out of school4 ,a cursed hunch-backed rogue1 ,i see him yet1 spied out instantly that ,i had no shadow4 ,he proclaimed the fact with a loud outcry to the whole assembled literary street youth of the suburb1 who began forthwith to criticise me1 and to pelt me with mud4 ,decent people are accustomed to take their shadows with them1 when they go into the sunshine4 ,to defend myself from them ,i threw whole handfuls of gold amongst them and sprang into a hackney-coach1 which some compassionate soul procured for me4 ,as soon as ,i found myself alone in the rolling carriage ,i began to weep bitterly4 ,the presentiment must already have arisen in me that1 far as gold on earth transcends in estimation merit and virtue1 so much higher than gold itself is the shadow valued2 and as ,i had earlier sacrificed wealth to conscience1 ,i had now thrown away the shadow for mere gold4 ,what in the world could and would become of me6 ,i was still greatly discomposed as the carriage stopped before my old inn4 ,i was horrified at the bare idea of entering that wretched cock-loft4 ,i ordered my things to be brought down2 received my miserable bundle with contempt1 threw down some gold pieces1 and ordered the coachman to drive to the most fashionable hotel4 ,the house faced the north1 and ,i had not the sun to fear4 ,i dismissed the driver with gold2 caused the best front rooms to be assigned me1 and shut myself up in them as quickly as ,i could6 ,what thinkest thou ,i now began8 ,oh1 my dear ,chamisso1 to confess it even to thee makes me blush4 ,i drew the unlucky purse from my bosom1 and with a kind of rage which1 like a rushing conflagration1 grew in me with self-increasing growth1 ,i extracted gold1 and gold1 and gold1 and ever more gold1 and strewed it on the floor1 and strode amongst it1 and made it ring again1 and1 feeding my poor heart on the splendor and the sound1 flung continually more metal to metal1 till in my weariness ,i sank down on the rich heap1 and1 rioting thereon1 rolled and reveled upon it4 ,so passed the day1 the evening4 ,i opened not my door2 the night found me lying on my gold1 and then sleep overcame me4 ,i dreamed of thee4 ,i seemed to stand behind the glass-door of thy little room1 and to see thee sitting then at thy work-table1 between a skeleton and a bundle of dried plants4 ,before thee lay open ,haller1 ,humboldt1 and ,linnaeus2 on thy sofa a volume of ,goethe and ,the ,magic ,ring4 ,i regarded thee long1 and everything in thy room1 and then thee again4 ,thou didst not move1 thou drewest no breath--thou wert dead6 ,i awoke4 ,it appeared still to be very early4 ,my watch stood4 ,i was sore all over2 thirsty and hungry too2 ,i had taken nothing since the morning before4 ,i pushed from me with loathing and indignation the gold on which ,i had before sated my foolish heart4 ,in my vexation ,i knew not what ,i should do with it4 ,it must not lie there4 ,i tried whether the purse would swallow it again--but no6 ,none of my windows opened upon the sea4 ,i found myself compelled laboriously to drag it to a great cupboard which stood in a cabinet1 and there to pile it4 ,i left only some handfuls of it lying4 ,when ,i had finished the work1 ,i threw myself exhausted into an easy chair1 and waited for the stirring of the people in the house4 ,as soon as possible ,i ordered food to be brought1 and the landlord to come to me4 ,i fixed in consultation with this man the future arrangements of my house4 ,he recommended for the services about my person a certain ,bendel1 whose honest and intelligent physiognomy immediately captivated me4 ,he it was whose attachment has since accompanied me consolingly through the wretchedness of life1 and has helped me to support my gloomy lot4 ,i spent the whole day in my room among masterless servants1 shoemakers1 tailors1 and tradespeople4 ,i fitted myself out1 and purchased besides a great many jewels and valuables for the sake of getting rid of some of the vast heap of hoarded-up gold2 but it seemed to me as if it were impossible to diminish it4 ,in the meantime ,i brooded over my situation in the most agonizing doubts4 ,i dared not venture a step out of my doors1 and at evening ,i caused forty waxlights to be lit in my room before ,i issued from the shade4 ,i thought with horror on the terrible scene with the schoolboys1 yet ,i resolved1 much courage as it demanded1 once more to make a trial of public opinion4 ,the nights were then moonlight4 ,late in the evening ,i threw on a wide cloak1 pressed my hat over my eyes1 and stole1 trembling like a criminal1 out of the house4 ,i stepped first out of the shade in whose protection ,i had arrived so far1 in a remote square1 into the full moonlight1 determined to learn my fate out of the mouths of the passers-by4 ,spare me1 dear friend1 the painful repetition of all that ,i had to endure4 ,the women often testified the deepest compassion with which ,i inspired them1 declarations which no less transpierced me than the mockery of the youth and the proud contempt of the men1 especially of those fat1 well fed fellows1 who themselves cast a broad shadow4 ,a lovely and sweet girl1 who1 as it seemed1 accompanied her parents1 while these discreetly only looked before their feet1 turned by chance her flashing eyes upon me4 ,she was obviously terrified2 she observed my want of a shadow1 let fall her veil over her beautiful countenance1 and dropping her head1 passed in silence4 ,i could bear it no longer4 ,briny streams started from my eyes1 and1 cut to the heart1 ,i staggered back into the shade4 ,i was obliged to support myself against the houses to steady my steps and wearily and late reached my dwelling4 ,i spent a sleepless night4 ,the next morning it was my first care to have the man in the gray coat everywhere sought after4 ,possibly ,i might succeed in finding him again1 and how joyful if he repented of the foolish bargain as heartily as ,i did6 ,i ordered ,bendel to me1 for he appeared to possess address and tact2 ,i described to him exactly the man in whose possession lay a treasure without which my life was only a misery4 ,i told him the time1 the place in which ,i had seen him2 ,i described to him all who had been present1 and added1 moreover1 this token3 he should particularly inquire after a ,dollond's telescope2 after a gold interwoven ,turkish carpet2 after a splendid pleasure-tent2 and1 finally1 after the black chargers1 whose story1 we knew not how1 was connected with that of the mysterious man1 who seemed of no consideration amongst them1 and whose appearance had destroyed the quiet and happiness of my life4 ,when ,i had done speaking ,i fetched out gold1 such a load that ,i was scarcely able to carry it1 and added thereto precious stones and jewels of a far greater value4 ,bendel1 said ,i1 these level many ways1 and make easy many things which appeared quite impossible2 don't be stingy with it1 as ,i am not1 but go and rejoice thy master with the intelligence on which his only hope depends4 ,he went4 ,he returned late and sorrowful4 ,none of the people of ,mr4 ,john1 none of his guests1 and he had spoken with all1 were able1 in the remotest degree1 to recollect the man in the gray coat4 ,the new telescope was there1 and no one knew whence it had come2 the carpet1 the tent were still there spread and pitched on the selfsame hill2 the servants boasted of the affluence of their master1 and no one knew whence these new valuables had come to him4 ,he himself took his pleasure in them1 and did not trouble himself because he did not know whence he had them4 ,the young gentlemen had the horses1 which they had ridden1 in their stables1 and they praised the liberality of ,mr4 ,john who on that day made them a present of them4 ,thus much was clear from the circumstantial relation of ,bendel1 whose active zeal and able proceeding1 although with such fruitless result1 received from me their merited commendation4 ,i gloomily motioned him to leave me alone4 ,i have1 began he again1 given my master an account of the matter which was most important to him4 ,i have yet a message to deliver which a person gave me whom ,i met at the door as ,i went out on the business in which ,i have been so unfortunate4 ,the very words of the man were these3 ',tell ,mr4 ,peter ,schlemihl he will not see me here again1 as ,i am going over sea1 and a favorable wind calls me at this moment to the harbor4 ,but in a year and a day ,i will have the honor to seek him myself1 and then to propose to him another and probably to him agreeable transaction4 ,present my most humble compliments to him1 and assure him of my thanks4' ,i asked him who he was1 but he replied that your honor knew him already4 ,what was the man's appearance8 cried ,i1 filled with foreboding1 and ,bendel sketched me the man in the gray coat1 trait by trait1 word for word1 as he had accurately described in his former relation the man after whom he had inquired4 ,unhappy one6 ,i exclaimed1 wringing my hands--that was the very man6 and there fell1 as it were1 scales from his eyes4 ,yes6 it was he1 it was1 positively6 cried he in horror1 and ,i1 blind and imbecile wretch1 have not recognized him1 have not recognized him1 and have betrayed my master6 ,he broke out into violent weeping2 heaped the bitterest reproaches on himself1 and the despair in which he was inspired even me with compassion4 ,i spoke comfort to him1 assured him repeatedly that ,i entertained not the slightest doubt of his fidelity1 and sent him instantly to the port1 if possible to follow the traces of this singular man4 ,but in the morning a great number of ships which the contrary winds had detained in the harbor1 had run out1 bound to different climes and different shores1 and the gray man had vanished as tracelessly as a dream4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,of what avail are wings to him who is fast bound in iron fetters8 ,he is compelled only the more fearfully to despair4 ,i lay1 like ,faffner by his treasure1 far from every consolation1 starving in the midst of my gold4 ,but my heart was not in it2 on the contrary1 ,i cursed it1 because ,i saw myself through it cut off from all life4 ,brooding over my gloomy secret alone1 ,i trembled before the meanest of my servants1 whom at the same time ,i was forced to envy1 for he had a shadow2 he might show himself in the sun4 ,i wore away days and nights in solitary sorrow in my chamber1 and anguish gnawed at my heart4 ,there was another who pined away before my eyes2 my faithful ,bendel never ceased to torture himself with silent reproaches1 that he had betrayed the trust reposed in him by his master1 and had not recognized him after whom he was dispatched1 and with whom he must believe that my sorrowful fate was intimately interwoven4 ,i could not lay the fault to his charge2 ,i recognized in the event the mysterious nature of the ,unknown4 ,that ,i might leave nothing untried1 ,i one time sent ,bendel with a valuable brilliant ring to the most celebrated painter of the city1 and begged that he would pay me a visit4 ,he came4 ,i ordered my people to retire1 closed the door1 seated myself by the man1 and1 after ,i had praised his art1 ,i came with a heavy heart to the business1 causing him before that to promise the strictest secrecy4 ,mr4 ,professor1 said ,i1 could not you1 think you1 paint a false shadow for one who1 by the most unlucky chance in the world1 has become deprived of his own8 ,you mean a personal shadow8 ,that is precisely my meaning-- ,but1 continued he1 through what awkwardness1 through what negligence1 could he then lose his proper shadow8 ,how it happened1 replied ,i1 is now of very little consequence1 but thus far ,i may say1 added ,i1 lying shamelessly to him2 in ,russia1 whither he made a journey last winter1 in an extraordinary cold his shadow froze so fast to the ground that he could by no means loose it again4 ,the false shadow that ,i could paint him1 replied the professor1 would only be such a one as by the slightest movement he might lose again1 especially a person1 who1 as appears by your relation1 has so little adhesion to his own native shadow4 ,he who has no shadow1 let him keep out of the sunshine--that is the safest and most sensible thing for him4 ,he arose and withdrew1 casting at me a trans-piercing glance which mine could not support4 ,i sunk back in my seat1 and covered my face with my hands4 ,thus ,bendel found me1 as he at length entered4 ,he saw the grief of his master1 and was desirous silently and reverently to withdraw4 ,i looked up1 ,i succumbed under the burden of my trouble2 ,i must communicate it4 ,bendel6 cried ,i1 ,bendel1 thou only one who seest my affliction and respectest it1 seekest not to pry into it1 but appearest silently and kindly to sympathize1 come to me1 ,bendel1 and be the nearest to my heart2 ,i have not locked from thee the treasure of my gold1 neither will ,i lock from thee the treasure of my grief4 ,bendel1 forsake me not6 ,bendel1 thou beholdest me rich1 liberal1 kind4 ,thou imaginest that the world ought to honor me1 and thou seest me fly the world1 and hide myself from it4 ,bendel1 the world has passed judgment1 and cast me from it1 and perhaps thou too wilt turn from me when thou knowest my fearful secret4 ,bendel1 ,i am rich1 liberal1 kind1 but--,o ,god6--,i have no shadow6 ,no shadow6 cried the good youth with horror1 and the bright tears gushed from his eyes4 ,woe is me1 that ,i was born to serve a shadowless master6 ,he was silent1 and ,i held my face buried in my hands4 ,bendel1 added ,i1 at length1 tremblingly--now hast thou my confidence1 and now canst thou betray it--go forth and testify against me8 ,he appeared to be in a heavy conflict with himself2 at length1 he flung himself before me and seized my hand1 which he bathed with his tears4 ,no6 exclaimed he1 think the world as it will1 ,i cannot1 and will not1 on account of a shadow1 abandon my kind master2 ,i will act justly1 and not with policy4 ,i will continue with you1 lend you my shadow1 help you when ,i can1 and when ,i cannot1 weep with you4 ,i fell on his neck1 astonished at such unusual sentiment1 for ,i was convinced that he did it not for gold4 ,from that time my fate and my mode of life were in some degree changed4 ,it is indescribable how providently ,bendel continued to conceal my defect4 ,he was everywhere before me and with me2 foreseeing everything1 hitting on contrivances1 and1 where unforeseen danger threatened1 covering me quickly with his shadow1 since he was taller and bulkier than ,i4 ,thus ,i ventured myself again among men1 and began to play a part in the world4 ,i was obliged1 it is true1 to assume many peculiarities and humors1 but such become the rich1 and1 so long as the truth continued to be concealed1 ,i enjoyed all the honor and respect which were paid to my wealth4 ,i looked more calmly forward to the promised visit of the mysterious unknown1 at the end of the year and the day4 ,i felt1 indeed1 that ,i must not remain long in a place where ,i had once been seen without a shadow1 and where ,i might easily be betrayed4 ,perhaps ,i yet thought too much of the manner in which ,i had introduced myself to ,thomas ,john1 and it was a mortifying recollection4 ,i would therefore here merely make an experiment1 to present myself with more ease and self-reliance elsewhere1 but that now occurred which held me a long time riveted to my vanity1 for there it is in the man that the anchor bites the firmest ground4 ,even the lovely ,fanny1 whom ,i in this place again encountered1 honored me with some notice without recollecting ever to have seen me before2 for ,i now had wit and sense4 ,as ,i spoke1 people listened1 and ,i could not1 for the life of me1 comprehend myself how ,i had arrived at the art of maintaining and engrossing so easily the conversation4 ,the impression which ,i perceived that ,i had made on the fair one1 made of me just what she desired--a fool2 and ,i thenceforward followed her through shade and twilight wherever ,i could4 ,i was only so far vain that ,i wished to make her vain of myself1 and found it impossible1 even with the very best intentions1 to force the intoxication from my head to my heart4 ,but why repeat to thee the absolutely every-day story at length8 ,thou thyself hast often related it to me of other honorable people4 ,to the old1 well-known play in which ,i good-naturedly undertook a worn-out part1 there came in truth to her and me1 and everybody1 unexpectedly a most peculiarly thought-out catastrophe4 ,as1 according to my wont1 ,i had assembled on a beautiful evening a party in a garden1 ,i wandered with the lady1 arm in arm1 at some distance from the other guests1 and exerted myself to strike out pretty speeches for her4 ,she cast her eyes down modestly1 and returned gently the pressure of my hand1 when suddenly the moon broke through the clouds behind us1 and--she saw only her own shadow thrown forward before her6 ,she started and glanced wildly at me1 then again on the earth1 seeking my shadow with her eyes1 and what passed within her painted itself so singularly on her countenance that ,i should have burst into a loud laugh if it had not itself run ice-cold over my back4 ,i let her fall from my arms in a swoon1 shot like an arrow through the terrified guests1 reached the door1 flung myself into the first chaise which ,i saw on the stand1 and drove back to the city1 where this time1 to my cost1 ,i had left the circumspect ,bendel4 ,he was terrified as he saw me2 one word revealed to him all4 ,post horses were immediately fetched4 ,i took only one of my people with me1 an arrant knave1 called ,rascal1 who had contrived to make himself necessary to me by his cleverness and who could suspect nothing of today's occurrence4 ,that night ,i left upward of thirty miles behind me4 ,bendel remained behind me to discharge my establishment1 to pay money1 and to bring me what ,i most required4 ,when he overtook me next day1 ,i threw myself into his arms1 and swore to him never again to run into the like folly1 but in future to be more cautious4 ,we continued our journey without pause1 over the frontiers and the mountains1 and it was not till we began to descend and had placed those lofty bulwarks between us and our former unlucky abode1 that ,i allowed myself to be persuaded to rest from the fatigues ,i had undergone1 in a neighboring and little frequented ,bathing-place4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,i must pass in my relation hastily over a time in which how gladly would ,i linger1 could ,i but conjure up the living spirit of it with the recollection4 ,but the color which vivified it1 and alone can vivify it again1 is extinguished in me2 and when ,i seek in my bosom what then so mightily animated it1 the grief and the joy1 the innocent illusion--then do ,i vainly smite a rock in which no living spring now dwells1 and the god is departed from me4 ,how changed does this past time now appear to me6 ,i would act in the watering place an heroic character1 ill studied1 and myself a novice on the boards1 and my gaze was lured from my part by a pair of blue eyes4 ,the parents1 deluded by the play1 offer everything only to make the business quickly secure2 and the poor farce closes in mockery4 ,and that is all1 all6 ,that presents itself now to me so absurd and commonplace1 and yet it is terrible1 that that can thus appear to me which then so richly1 so luxuriantly1 swelled my bosom4 ,mina6 as ,i wept at losing thee1 so weep ,i still to have lost thee also in myself4 ,am ,i then become so old8 ,oh1 melancholy reason6 ,oh1 but for one pulsation of that time6 one moment of that illusion6 ,but no6 alone on the high waste sea of thy bitter flood6 and long out of the last cup of champagne the elfin has vanished6 ,i had sent forward ,bendel with some purses of gold to procure for me in the little town a dwelling adapted to my needs4 ,he had there scattered about much money1 and expressed himself somewhat indefinitely respecting the distinguished stranger whom he served1 for ,i would not be named1 and that filled the good people with extraordinary fancies4 ,as soon as my house was ready ,bendel returned to conduct me thither4 ,we set out4 ,about three miles from the place1 on a sunny plain1 our progress was obstructed by a gay festal throng4 ,the carriage stopped4 ,music1 sound of bells1 discharge of cannon1 were heard2 a loud vivat6 rent the air2 before the door of the carriage appeared1 clad in white1 a troop of damsels of extraordinary beauty1 but who were eclipsed by one in particular1 as the stars of night by the sun4 ,she stepped forth from the midst of her sisters2 the tall and delicate figure kneeled blushing before me1 and presented to me on a silken cushion a garland woven of laurel1 olive branches1 and roses1 while she uttered some words about majesty1 veneration and love1 which ,i did not understand1 but whose bewitching silver tone intoxicated my ear and heart4 ,it seemed as if the heavenly apparition had some time previously passed before me4 ,the chorus struck in1 and sung the praises of a good king and the happiness of his people4 ,and this scene1 my dear friend1 in the face of the sun6 ,she kneeled still only two paces from me1 and ,i1 without a shadow1 could not spring over the gulf1 could not also fall on the knee before the angel6 ,oh6 what would ,i then have given for a shadow6 ,i was compelled to hide my shame1 my anguish1 my despair1 deep in the bottom of my carriage4 ,at length ,bendel recollected himself on my behalf4 ,he leaped out of the carriage on the other side4 ,i called him back1 and gave him out of my jewel-case1 which lay at hand1 a splendid diamond crown1 which had been made to adorn the brows of the lovely ,fanny6 ,he stepped forward and spoke in the name of his master1 who could not and would not receive such tokens of homage2 there must be some mistake2 but the people of the city should be thanked for their good-will4 ,as he said this1 he took up the proffered wreath1 and laid the brilliant coronet in its place4 ,he then respectfully extended his hand to the lovely maiden1 that she might arise1 and dismissed1 with a sign1 clergy1 magistrates1 and all the deputations4 ,no one else was allowed to approach4 ,he ordered the throng to divide and make way for the horses1 sprang again into the carriage1 and on we went at full gallop1 through a festive archway of foliage and flowers toward the city4 ,the discharges of cannon continued4 ,the carriage stopped before my house4 ,i sprang hastily in at the door1 dividing the crowd which the desire to see me had collected4 ,the mob hurrahed under my window1 and ,i let double ducats rain out of it4 ,in the evening the city was voluntarily illuminated4 ,and yet ,i did not at all know what all this could mean1 and who ,i was supposed to be4 ,i sent out ,rascal to make inquiry4 ,he brought word to this effect3 ,that the people had received reliable intelligence that the good king of ,prussia traveled through the country under the name of a count2 that my adjutant had been recognized1 thus betraying himself and me2 and1 finally1 how great the joy was as they became certain that they really had me in the place4 ,they now1 'tis true1 saw clearly that ,i evidently desired to maintain the strictest incognito1 and how very wrong it had been to attempt so importunately to lift the veil4 ,but ,i had resented it so graciously1 so kindly--,i should certainly pardon their good-heartedness4 ,the thing appeared so amusing to the rogue that he did his best1 by reproving words1 to strengthen1 for the present1 the good folk in their belief4 ,he gave a very comical report of all this to me2 and as he found that it diverted me1 he made a joke to me of his own wickedness4 ,shall ,i confess it8 ,it flattered me1 even by such means1 to be taken for that honored head4 ,i commanded a feast to be prepared for the evening of the next day beneath the trees which overshadowed the open space before my house1 and the whole city to be invited to it4 ,the mysterious power of my purse1 the exertions of ,bendel1 and the inventiveness of ,rascal succeeded in triumphing over time itself4 ,it is really astonishing how richly and beautifully everything was arranged in those few hours4 ,the splendor and abundance which exhibited themselves1 and the ingenious lighting up1 so admirably contrived that ,i felt myself quite secure1 left me nothing to desire4 ,i could not but praise my servants4 ,the evening grew dark2 the guests appeared1 and were presented to me4 ,nothing more was said about ,majesty2 ,i was styled with deep reverence and obeisance1 ,count4 ,what was to be done8 ,i allowed the title to stand1 and remained from that hour ,count ,peter4 ,in the midst of festive multitudes my soul yearned alone after one4 ,she entered late--she was and wore the crown4 ,she followed modestly her parents1 and seemed not to know that she was the loveliest of all4 ,they were presented to me as ,mr4 ,forest-master1 his lady and their daughter4 ,i found many agreeable and obliging things to say to the old people2 before the daughter ,i stood like a rebuked boy1 and could not bring out one word4 ,i begged her1 at length1 with a faltering tone1 to honor this feast by assuming the office whose insignia she graced4 ,she entreated with blushes and a moving look to be excused2 but blushing still more than herself in her presence1 ,i paid her as her first subject my homage1 with a most profound respect1 and the hint of the ,count became to all the guests a command which every one with emulous joy hastened to obey4 ,majesty1 innocence1 and grace presided in alliance with beauty over a rapturous feast4 ,mina's happy parents believed their child thus exalted only in honor of them4 ,i myself was in an indescribable intoxication4 ,i caused all the jewels which yet remained of those which ,i had formerly purchased1 in order to get rid of burthensome gold1 all the pearls1 all the precious stones1 to be laid in two covered dishes1 and at the table1 in the name of the queen1 to be distributed round to her companions and to all the ladies4 ,gold1 in the meantime1 was incessantly strewed over the encompassing ropes among the exulting people4 ,bendel1 the next morning1 revealed to me in confidence that the suspicion which he had long entertained of ,rascal's honesty was now become certainty--that he had yesterday embezzled whole purses of gold4 ,let us permit1 replied ,i1 the poor scoundrel to enjoy the petty plunder4 ,i spend willingly on everybody1 why not on him8 ,yesterday he and all the fresh people you have brought me served me honestly2 they helped me joyfully to celebrate a joyful feast4 ,there was no further mention of it4 ,rascal remained the first of my servants1 but ,bendel was my friend and my confidant4 ,the latter was accustomed to regard my wealth as inexhaustible1 and he pried not after its sources2 entering into my humor1 he assisted me rather to discover opportunities to exercise it1 and to spend my gold4 ,of that unknown one1 that pale sneak1 he knew only this1 that ,i could alone through him be absolved from the curse which weighed on me2 and that ,i feared him1 on whom my sole hope reposed4 ,that1 for the rest1 ,i was convinced that he could discover me anywhere2 ,i him nowhere2 and that therefore awaiting the promised day1 ,i abandoned every vain inquiry4 ,the magnificence of my feast1 and my behavior at it1 held at first the credulous inhabitants of the city firmly to their preconceived opinion4 ,true1 it was soon stated in the newspapers that the whole story of the journey of the king of ,prussia had been a mere groundless rumor3 but a king ,i now was1 and must1 spite of everything1 a king remain1 and truly one of the most rich and royal who had ever existed2 only people did not rightly know what king4 ,the world has never had reason to complain of the scarcity of monarchs1 at least in our time4 ,the good people who had never seen any of them pitched with equal correctness first on one and then on another2 ,count ,peter still remained who he was4 ,at one time appeared amongst the guests at the ,bath a tradesman1 who had made himself bankrupt in order to enrich himself2 and who enjoyed universal esteem1 and had a broad though somewhat pale shadow4 ,the property which he had scraped together he resolved to lay out in ostentation1 and it even occurred to him to enter into rivalry with me4 ,i had recourse to my purse1 and soon brought the poor devil to such a pass that1 in order to save his credit1 he was obliged to become bankrupt a second time1 and hasten over the frontier4 ,thus ,i got rid of him4 ,in this neighborhood ,i made many idlers and good-for-nothing fellows4 ,with all the royal splendor and expenditure by which ,i made all succumb to me1 ,i still in my own house lived very simply and retired4 ,i had established the strictest circumspection as a rule4 ,no one except ,bendel1 under any pretence whatever1 was allowed to enter the rooms which ,i inhabited4 ,so long as the sun shone ,i kept myself shut up there1 and it was said the ,count is employed with his cabinet4 ,with this employment numerous couriers stood in connection1 whom ,i1 for every trifle1 sent out and received4 ,i received company in the evening only under my trees1 or in my hall arranged and lighted according to ,bendel's plan4 ,when ,i went out1 on which occasions it was necessary that ,i should be constantly watched by the ,argus eyes of ,bendel1 it was only to the ,forester's ,garden1 for the sake of one alone2 for my love was the innermost heart of my life4 ,oh1 my good ,chamisso6 ,i will hope that thou hast not yet forgotten what love is6 ,i leave much unmentioned here to thee4 ,mina was really an amiable1 kind1 good child4 ,i had taken her whole imagination captive4 ,she could not1 in her humility1 conceive how she could be worthy that ,i should alone have fixed my regard on her2 and she returned love for love with all the youthful power of an innocent heart4 ,she loved like a woman1 offering herself wholly up2 self-forgetting2 living wholly and solely for him who was her life2 regardless if she herself perished2 that is to say--she really loved4 ,but ,i--oh what terrible hours--terrible and yet worthy that ,i should wish them back again--have ,i often wept on ,bendel's bosom1 when1 after the first unconscious intoxication1 ,i recollected myself1 looked sharply into myself--,i1 without a shadow1 with knavish selfishness destroying this angel1 this pure soul which ,i had deceived and stolen4 ,then did ,i resolve to reveal myself to her2 then did ,i swear with a most passionate oath to tear myself from her1 and to fly2 then did ,i burst out into tears1 and concert with ,bendel how in the evening ,i should visit her in the ,forester's garden4 ,at other times ,i flattered myself with great expectations from the rapidly approaching visit of the gray man1 and wept again when ,i had in vain tried to believe in it4 ,i had calculated the day on which ,i expected again to see the fearful one2 for he had said in a year and a day2 and ,i believed his word4 ,the parents1 good honorable old people1 who loved their only child extremely1 were amazed at the connection1 as it already stood1 and they knew not what to do in it4 ,earlier they could not have believed that ,count ,peter could think only of their child2 but now he really loved her and was beloved again4 ,the mother was probably vain enough to believe in the probability of a union1 and to seek for it2 the sound masculine understanding of the father did not give way to such overstretched imaginations4 ,both were persuaded of the purity of my love2 they could do nothing more than pray for their child4 ,i have laid my hand on a letter from ,mina of this date1 which ,i still retain4 ,yes1 this is her own writing4 ,i transcribe it for thee3 ,i am a weak silly maiden1 and cannot believe that my beloved1 because ,i love him dearly1 dearly1 will make the poor girl unhappy4 ,ah6 thou art so kind1 so inexpressibly kind1 but do not misunderstand me4 ,thou shalt sacrifice nothing for me1 desire to sacrifice nothing for me4 ,oh ,god6 ,i should hate myself if thou didst6 ,no--thou hast made me immeasurably happy2 hast taught me to love thee4 ,away6 ,i know my own fate4 ,count ,peter belongs not to me1 he belongs to the world4 ,i will be proud when ,i hear--'that was he1 and that was he again--and that has he accomplished2 there they have worshipped him1 and there they have deified him6' ,see1 when ,i think of this1 then am ,i angry with thee that with a simple child thou canst forget thy high destiny4 ,away6 or the thought will make me miserable6 ,i--oh6 who through thee am so happy1 so blessed6 ,have ,i not woven1 too1 an olive branch and a rosebud into thy life1 as into the wreath which ,i was allowed to present to thee8 ,i have thee in my heart1 my beloved2 fear not to leave me4 ,i will die oh6 so happy1 so ineffably happy through thee6 ,thou canst imagine how the words must cut through my heart4 ,i explained to her that ,i was not what people believed me1 that ,i was only a rich but infinitely miserable man4 ,that a curse rested on me1 which must be the only secret between us1 since ,i was not yet without hope that it should be solved4 ,that this was the poison of my days2 that ,i might drag her down with me into the gulf--she who was the sole light1 the sole happiness1 the sole heart of my life4 ,then wept she again1 because ,i was unhappy4 ,ah1 she was so loving1 so kind6 ,to spare me but one tear1 she1 and with what transport1 would have sacrificed herself without reserve6 ,she was1 however1 far from rightly comprehending my words2 she conceived in me some prince on whom had fallen a heavy ban1 some high and honored head1 and her imagination amidst heroic pictures limned forth her lover gloriously4 ,once ,i said to her--,mina1 the last day in the next month may change my fate and decide it--if not ,i must die1 for ,i will not make thee unhappy4 ,weeping she hid her head in my bosom4 ,if thy fortune changes1 let me know that thou art happy4 ,i have no claim on thee4 ,art thou wretched1 bind me to thy wretchedness1 that ,i may help thee to bear it4 ,maiden6 maiden6 take it back1 that quick word1 that foolish word which escaped thy lips4 ,and knowest thou this wretchedness8 ,knowest thou this curse8 ,knowest who thy lover--what he8 ,seest thou not that ,i convulsively shrink together1 and have a secret from thee8 ,she fell sobbing to my feet1 and repeated with oaths her entreaty4 ,i announced to the ,forest-master1 who entered1 that it was my intention on the first of the approaching month to solicit the hand of his daughter4 ,i fixed precisely this time1 because in the interim many things might occur which might influence my fortunes2 but ,i insisted that ,i was unchangeable in my love to his daughter4 ,the good man was quite startled as he heard such words out of the mouth of ,count ,peter4 ,he fell on my neck1 and again became quite ashamed to have thus forgotten himself4 ,then he began to doubt1 to weigh1 and to inquire4 ,he spoke of dowry1 security1 and the future of his beloved child4 ,i thanked him for reminding me of these things4 ,i told him that ,i desired to settle down in this neighborhood where ,i seemed to be beloved1 and to lead a care-free life4 ,i begged him to purchase the finest estates that the country had to offer1 in the name of his daughter1 and to charge the cost to me4 ,a father could1 in such matter1 best serve a lover4 ,it gave him enough to do1 for everywhere a stranger was before him1 and he could only purchase for about a million4 ,my thus employing him was1 at the bottom1 an innocent scheme to remove him to a distance1 and ,i had employed him similarly before2 for ,i must confess that he was rather wearisome4 ,the good mother was1 on the contrary1 somewhat deaf1 and not1 like him1 jealous of the honor of entertaining the ,count4 ,the mother joined us4 ,the happy people pressed me to stay longer with them that evening--,i dared not remain another minute4 ,i saw already the rising moon glimmer on the horizon--my time was up4 ,the next evening ,i went again to the ,forester's garden4 ,i had thrown my cloak over my shoulders and pulled my hat over my eyes4 ,i advanced to ,mina4 ,as she looked up and beheld me1 she gave an involuntary start1 and there stood again clear before my soul the apparition of that terrible night when ,i showed myself in the moonlight without a shadow4 ,it was actually she6 ,but had she also recognized me again8 ,she was silent and thoughtful2 on my bosom lay a hundred-weight pressure4 ,i arose from my seat4 ,she threw herself silently weeping on my bosom4 ,i went4 ,i now found her often in tears4 ,it grew darker and darker in my soul2 the parents swam only in supreme felicity2 the faith-day passed on sad and sullen as a thunder-cloud4 ,the eve of the day was come4 ,i could scarcely breathe4 ,i had in precaution filled several chests with gold4 ,i watched the midnight hour approach--,it struck4 ,i now sat1 my eye fixed on the fingers of the clock1 counting the seconds1 the minutes1 like dagger-strokes4 ,at every noise which arose1 ,i started up2 the day broke4 ,the leaden hours crowded one upon another4 ,it was noon--evening--night2 as the clock fingers sped on1 hope withered2 it struck eleven and nothing appeared2 the last minutes of the last hour fell1 and nothing appeared4 ,it struck the first stroke--the last stroke of the twelfth hour1 and ,i sank hopeless and in boundless tears upon my bed4 ,on the morrow ,i should--forever shadowless1 solicit the hand of my beloved4 ,toward morning an anxious sleep pressed down my eyelids4 ,,chapter ,v ,it was still early morning when voices1 which were raised in my ante-chamber in violent dispute1 awoke me4 ,i listened4 ,bendel forbade entrance2 ,rascal swore high and hotly that he would receive no commands from his equal1 and insisted on forcing his way into my room4 ,the good ,bendel warned him that such words1 came they to my ear1 would turn him out of his most advantageous service4 ,rascal threatened to lay hands on him if he any longer obstructed his entrance4 ,i had half dressed myself4 ,i flung the door wrathfully open1 and advanced to ,rascal--,what wantest thou1 villain8 ,he stepped two strides backward1 and replied quite coolly3 ,to request you most humbly1 ,count1 for once to allow me to see your shadow--the sun shines at this moment so beautifully in the court4 ,i was struck as with thunder4 ,it was some time before ,i could recover my speech4 ,how can a servant toward his master--he interrupted very calmly my speech4 ,a servant may be a very honorable man1 and not be willing to serve a shadowless master--,i demand my discharge4 ,it was necessary to try other chords4 ,but honest1 dear ,rascal1 who has put the unlucky idea into your head8 ,how canst thou believe--8 ,he proceeded in the same tone3 ,people will assert that you have no shadow--and1 in short1 you show me your shadow1 or give me my discharge4 ,bendel1 pale and trembling1 but more discreet than ,i1 gave me a sign4 ,i sought refuge in the all-silencing gold2 but that too had lost its power4 ,he threw it at my feet4 ,from a shadowless man ,i accept nothing6 ,he turned his back upon me1 and went most deliberately out of the room with his hat upon his head1 and whistling a tune4 ,i stood there with ,bendel as one turned to stone1 thoughtless1 motionless1 gazing after him4 ,heavily sighing and with death in my heart1 ,i prepared myself at last to redeem my promise1 and1 like a criminal before his judge1 to appear in the ,forest-master's garden4 ,i alighted in the dark arbor1 which was named after me1 and where they would be sure also this time to await me4 ,the mother met me1 care-free and joyous4 ,mina sat there1 pale and lovely as the first snow which often in the autumn kisses the last flowers and then instantly dissolves into bitter water4 ,the ,forest-master went agitatedly to and fro1 a written paper in his hand1 and appeared to force down many things in himself which painted themselves with rapidly alternating flushes and paleness on his otherwise immovable countenance4 ,he came up to me as ,i entered1 and with frequently choked words begged to speak with me alone4 ,the path in which he invited me to follow him1 led us toward an open1 sunny part of the garden4 ,i sank speechless on a seat1 and then followed a long silence which even the good mother dared not interrupt4 ,the ,forest-master raged continually with unequal steps to and fro in the arbor1 and1 suddenly halting before me1 glanced on the paper which he held1 and demanded of me with a searching look-- ,may not1 ,count1 a certain ,peter ,schlemihl be not quite unknown to you8 ,i was silent4 ,a man of superior character and singular attainments-- ,he paused for an answer4 ,and suppose ,i were the same man8 ,who1 added he vehemently--has1 by some means1 lost his shadow6 ,oh1 my foreboding1 my foreboding6 exclaimed ,mina4 ,yes1 ,i have long known it1 he has no shadow2 and she flung herself into the arms of her mother1 who1 terrified1 clasped her convulsively1 and upbraided her that to her own hurt she had kept to herself such a secret4 ,but she1 like ,arethusa1 was changed into a fountain of tears1 which at the sound of my voice flowed still more copiously and at my approach burst forth in torrents4 ,and you1 again grimly began the ,forest-master1 and you1 with unparalleled impudence1 have made no scruple to deceive these and myself1 and you give out that you love her whom you brought into this predicament4 ,see1 there1 how she weeps and writhes6 ,oh1 horrible6 horrible6 ,i had to such a degree lost my composure that1 talking like one crazed1 ,i began--,and1 after all1 a shadow is nothing but a shadow2 one can do very well without that1 and it is not worth while to make such a riot about it4 ,but ,i felt so sharply the baselessness of what ,i was saying that ,i stopped of myself1 without his deigning me an answer1 and ,i then added--,what one has lost at one time may be found again at another6 ,he fiercely rebuked me ,confess to me1 sir1 confess to me1 how became you deprived of your shadow6 ,i was compelled again to lie4 ,a rude fellow one day trod so heavily on my shadow that he rent a great hole in it4 ,i have only sent it to be mended1 for money can do much1 and ,i was to have received it back yesterday4 ,good1 sir1 very good6 replied the ,forest-master4 ,you solicit my daughter's hand2 others do the same4 ,i have1 as her father1 to care for her4 ,i give you three days in which you may seek for a shadow4 ,if you appear before me within these three days with a good1 well-fitting shadow1 you shall be welcome to me2 but on the fourth day--,i tell you plainly--my daughter is the wife of another4 ,i would yet attempt to speak a word to ,mina1 but she clung1 sobbing violently1 only closer to her mother's breast1 who silently motioned me to withdraw4 ,i reeled away1 and the world seemed to close itself behind me4 ,escaped from ,bendel's affectionate oversight1 ,i traversed in erring course woods and fields4 ,the perspiration of my agony dropped from my brow1 a hollow groaning convulsed my bosom1 madness raged within me4 ,i know not how long this had continued1 when1 on a sunny heath1 ,i felt myself plucked by the sleeve4 ,i stood still and looked round--it was the man in the gray coat1 who seemed to have run himself quite out of breath in pursuit of me4 ,he immediately began3 ,i had announced myself for today1 but you could not wait the time4 ,there is nothing amiss1 however1 yet4 ,you consider the matter1 receive your shadow again in exchange1 which is at your service1 and turn immediately back4 ,you shall be welcome in the ,forest-master's garden2 the whole has been only a joke4 ,rascal1 who has betrayed you1 and who seeks the hand of your bride1 ,i will take charge of2 the fellow is ripe4 ,i stood there as if in a dream4 ,announced for today8 ,i counted over again the time--he was right4 ,i had constantly miscalculated a day4 ,i sought with the right hand in my bosom for my purse2 he guessed my meaning1 and stepped two paces backwards4 ,no1 ,count1 that is in too good hands1 keep you that4 ,i stared at him with eyes of inquiring wonder1 and he proceeded3 ,i request only a trifle1 as memento4 ,you be so good as to set your name to this paper4 ,on the parchment stood the words3 ,by virtue of this my signature1 ,i make over my soul to the holder of this1 after its natural separation from the body4 ,i gazed with speechless amazement1 alternately at the writing and the gray unknown4 ,meanwhile1 with a new-cut quill he had taken up a drop of blood which flowed from a fresh thorn-scratch on my hand and presented it to me4 ,who are you1 after all8 at length ,i asked him4 ,what does it matter8 he replied4 ,and is it not plainly written on me8 ,a poor devil1 a sort of learned man and doctor1 who1 in return for precious arts1 receives from his friends poor thanks1 and1 for himself1 has no other amusement on earth but to make his little experiments4--,but1 however1 sign4 ,to the right there--,,peter ,,schlemihl4 ,i shook my head1 and said3 ,pardon me1 sir1 ,i do not sign that4 ,not8 replied he1 in amaze2 and why not8 ,it seems to me to a certain degree serious to stake my soul on a shadow4 ,so1 so1 repeated he1 serious6 and he laughed almost in my face4 ,and1 if ,i might venture to ask1 what sort of a thing is that soul of yours8 ,have you ever seen it8 ,and what do you think of doing with it when you are dead8 ,be glad that you have found an amateur who in your lifetime is willing to pay you for the bequest of this x1 of this galvanic power1 or polarized ,activity1 or what-ever-this silly thing may be1 with something actual2 that is to say1 with your real shadow1 through which you may arrive at the hand of your beloved and at the accomplishment of all your desires4 ,will you rather push forth1 and deliver up that poor young creature to that low bred scoundrel ,rascal8 ,no1 you must witness that with your own eyes4 ,here1 ,i lend you the magic-cap--he drew it from his pocket--and we will proceed unseen to the ,forester's garden4 ,i must confess that ,i was excessively ashamed of being derided by this man4 ,i detested him from the bottom of my heart2 and ,i believe that this personal antipathy withheld me1 more than principle or prejudice1 from purchasing my shadow1 essential as it was1 by the required signature4 ,the thought also was intolerable to me of making the excursion which he proposed1 in his company4 ,to see this abhorred sneak1 this mocking kobold1 step between me and my beloved1 two torn and bleeding hearts1 revolted my innermost feeling4 ,i regarded what was past as predestined1 and my wretchedness as unchangeable1 and turning to the man1 ,i said to him-- ,sir1 ,i have sold you my shadow for this in itself most excellent purse1 and ,i have sufficiently repented of it4 ,if the bargain can be broken off1 then in ,god's name--6 ,he shook his head1 and made a very gloomy face4 ,i continued3 ,i will then sell you nothing further of mine1 even for this offered price of my shadow2 and1 therefore1 ,i shall sign nothing4 ,from this you may understand1 that the muffling-up to which you invite me must be much more amusing for you than for me4 ,excuse me1 therefore2 and as it cannot now be otherwise1 let us part4 ,it grieves me1 ,monsieur ,schlemihl1 that you obstinately decline the business which ,i propose to you as a friend4 ,perhaps another time ,i may be more fortunate4 ,till our speedy meeting again6--,apropos3 ,permit me yet to show you that the things which ,i purchase ,i by no means suffer to grow moldy1 but honorably preserve1 and that they are well taken care of by me4 ,with that he drew my shadow out of his pocket and with a dexterous throw unfolding it on the heath1 spread it out on the sunny side of his feet1 so that he walked between two attendant shadows1 his own and mine1 for mine must equally obey him and accommodate itself to and follow all his movements4 ,when ,i once saw my poor shadow again1 after so long an absence1 and beheld it degraded to so vile a service1 whilst ,i1 on its account1 was in such unspeakable trouble1 my heart broke1 and ,i began bitterly to weep4 ,the detested wretch swaggered with the plunder snatched from me1 and impudently renewed his proposal4 ,you can yet have it4 ,a stroke of the pen1 and you snatch therewith the poor unhappy ,mina from the claws of the villain into the arms of the most honored ,count--as observed1 only a stroke of the pen4 ,my tears burst forth with fresh impetuosity1 but ,i turned away and motioned to him to withdraw himself4 ,bendel1 who1 filled with anxiety1 had traced me to this spot1 at this moment arrived4 ,when the kind good soul found me weeping1 and saw my shadow1 which could not be mistaken1 in the power of the mysterious gray man1 he immediately resolved1 was it even by force1 to restore to me the possession of my property2 and as he did not understand how to deal with such a tender thing1 he immediately assaulted the man with words1 and1 without much asking1 ordered him bluntly to return my property to me4 ,instead of an answer1 he turned his back to the innocent young fellow and went4 ,but ,bendel up with his buckthorn cudgel which he carried1 and1 following on his heels1 without mercy1 and with reiterated commands to give up the shadow1 made him feel the full force of his vigorous arm4 ,he1 as accustomed to such handling1 ducked his head1 rounded his shoulders1 and with silent and deliberate steps pursued his way over the heath1 at once going off with my shadow and my faithful servant4 ,i long heard the heavy sounds roll over the waste1 till they were finally lost in the distance4 ,i was alone1 as before1 with my misery4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,left alone on the wild heath1 ,i gave free current to my countless tears1 relieving my heart from an ineffably weary weight4 ,but ,i saw no bound1 no outlet1 no end to my intolerable misery1 and ,i drank besides with savage thirst of the fresh poison which the unknown had poured into my wounds4 ,when ,i called the image of ,mina before my soul1 and the dear1 sweet form appeared pale and in tears1 as ,i saw her last in my shame1 then stepped1 impudent and mocking1 ,rascal's shadow between her and me2 ,i covered my face and fled through the wild4 ,yet the hideous apparition left me not1 but pursued me in my flight1 till ,i sank breathless on the ground1 and moistened it with a fresh torrent of tears4 ,and all for a shadow6 ,and this shadow a pen-stroke could have obtained for me6 ,i thought over the strange proposition and my refusal4 ,all was chaos in me4 ,i had no longer either discernment or faculty of comprehension4 ,the day went along4 ,i stilled my hunger with wild fruits1 my thirst in the nearest mountain stream4 ,the night fell2 ,i lay down beneath a tree4 ,the damp morning awoke me out of a heavy sleep in which ,i heard myself rattle in the throat as in death4 ,bendel must have lost all trace of me1 and it rejoiced me to think so4 ,i would not return again amongst men before whom ,i fled in terror1 like the timid game of the mountains4 ,thus ,i lived through three weary days4 ,on the fourth morning ,i found myself on a sandy plain bright with the sun1 and sat on a rock in its beams1 for ,i loved now to enjoy its long-withheld countenance4 ,i silently fed my heart with its despair4 ,a light rustle startled me4 ,ready for flight ,i threw round me a hurried glance2 ,i saw no one1 but in the sunny sand there glided past me a human shadow1 not unlike my own1 which1 wandering there alone1 seemed to have escaped from its possessor4 ,there awoke in me a mighty yearning4 ,shadow1 said ,i1 dost thou seek thy master8 ,i will be he1 and ,i sprang forward to seize it4 ,i thought that if ,i succeeded in treading on it so that its feet touched mine1 it probably would remain hanging there1 and in time accommodate itself to me4 ,the shadow1 on my moving1 fled before me1 and ,i was compelled to begin a strenuous chase of the light fugitive1 for which the thought of rescuing myself from my fearful condition could alone have endowed me with the requisite vigor4 ,it flew toward a wood1 at a great distance1 in which ,i must1 of necessity1 have lost it4 ,i perceived this--a horror convulsed my heart1 inflamed my desire1 added wings to my speed2 ,i gained evidently on the shadow1 ,i came continually nearer1 ,i must certainly reach it4 ,suddenly it stopped1 and turned toward me4 ,like a lion on its prey1 ,i shot with a mighty spring forward to make seizure of it--and dashed unexpectedly against a hard and bodily object4 ,invisibly ,i received the most unprecedented blows on the ribs that mortal man probably ever received4 ,the effect of the terror in me was convulsively to close my arms1 and firmly to inclose that which stood unseen before me4 ,in the rapid transaction ,i plunged forward to the ground1 but backward and under me was a man whom ,i had embraced and who now first became visible4 ,the whole occurrence then became very naturally explicable to me4 ,the man must have carried the invisible bird's nest which renders him who holds it1 but not his shadow1 imperceptible1 and had now cast it away4 ,i glanced round1 soon discovered the shadow of the invisible nest itself1 leaped up and toward it1 and did not miss the precious prize4 ,invisible and shadowless1 ,i held the nest in my hand4 ,the man swiftly springing up1 gazing round instantly after his fortunate conqueror1 descried on the wide sunny plain neither him nor his shadow1 for which he sought with especial avidity4 ,for that ,i was myself entirely shadowless he had no leisure to remark1 nor could he imagine such a thing4 ,having convinced himself that every trace had vanished1 he turned his hand against himself and tore his hair in great despair4 ,to me1 however1 the acquired treasure had given the power and desire to mix again amongst men4 ,i did not want for self-satisfying palliatives for my base robbery1 or1 rather1 ,i had no need of them2 and to escape from every thought of the kind1 ,i hastened away1 not even looking round at the unhappy one1 whose deploring voice ,i long heard resounding behind me4 ,thus1 at least1 appeared to me the circumstances at the time4 ,i was on fire to proceed to the ,forester's garden1 and there myself to discern the truth of what the ,detested ,one had told me4 ,i knew not1 however1 where ,i was4 ,i climbed the next hill1 in order to look round over the country1 and perceived from its summit the near city and the ,forester's garden lying at my feet4 ,my heart beat violently1 and tears of another kind than what ,i had till now shed rushed into my eyes4 ,i should see her again6 ,anxious desire hastened my steps down the most direct path4 ,i passed unseen some peasants who came out of the city4 ,they were talking of me1 of ,rascal1 and the ,forest-master2 ,i would hear nothing--,i hurried past4 ,i entered the garden1 all the tremor of expectation in my bosom4 ,i seemed to hear laughter near me4 ,i shuddered1 threw a rapid glance round me1 but could discover nobody4 ,i advanced farther4 ,i seemed to perceive a sound as of man's steps near me1 but there was nothing to be seen4 ,i believed myself deceived by my ear4 ,it was yet early1 no one in ,count ,peter's arbor1 the garden still empty4 ,i traversed the well-known paths4 ,i penetrated to the very front of the dwelling4 ,the same noise more distinctly followed me4 ,i seated myself with an agonized heart on a bench which stood in the sunny space before the house-door4 ,it seemed as if ,i had heard the unseen kobold1 laughing in mockery1 seat himself near me4 ,the key turned in the door1 it opened1 and the ,forest-master issued forth with papers in his hand4 ,a mist seemed to envelop my head4 ,i looked up1 and--horror6 the man in the gray coat sat by me1 gazing on me with a satanic leer4 ,he had drawn his magic-cap at once over his head and mine2 at his feet lay his and my shadow peaceably by each other4 ,he played negligently with the well-known parchment which he held in his hand1 and as the ,forest-master1 busied with his documents1 went to and fro in the shadow of the arbor1 he stooped familiarly to my ear and whispered in it these words--,so then you have1 notwithstanding1 accepted my invitation1 and here sit we for once1 two heads under one cap4 ,all right6 all right6 ,but now give me my bird's nest again2 you have no further need of it1 and are too honest a man to wish to withhold it from me2 but there needs no thanks2 ,i assure you that ,i have lent it you with the most hearty good will4 ,he took it unceremoniously out of my hand1 put it in his pocket1 and laughed at me again1 and that so loud that the ,forest-master himself looked round at the noise4 ,i sat there as if changed to stone4 ,but you must admit1 continued he1 that such a cap is much more convenient4 ,it covers not only your person but your shadow at the same time1 and as many others as you have a mind to take with you4 ,see you again today4 ,i conduct two of them--he laughed again4 ,mark this1 ,schlemihl2 what we at first won't do with a good will1 that will we in the end be compelled to4 ,i still fancy you will buy that thing from me1 take back the bride 7for it is yet time71 and we leave ,rascal dangling on the gallows1 an easy thing for us so long as rope is to be had4 ,hear you--,i will give you also my cap into the bargain4 ,the mother came forth1 and the conversation began4 ,how goes it with ,mina8 ,she weeps4 ,silly child6 it cannot be altered6 ,certainly not2 but to give her to another so soon8 ,oh1 man6 thou art cruel to thy own child4 ,no1 mother1 that thou quite mistakest4 ,when she1 even before she has wept out her childish tears1 finds herself the wife of a very rich and honorable man1 she will awake comforted out of her trouble as out of a dream1 and thank ,god and us--that shalt thou see6 ,god grant it6 ,she possesses now1 indeed1 a very respectable property2 but after the stir that this unlucky affair with the adventurer has made1 canst thou believe that a partner so suitable as ,mr4 ,rascal could be readily found for her8 ,dost thou know what a fortune ,mr4 ,rascal possesses8 ,he has paid six millions for estates here in the country1 free from all debts4 ,i have had the title deeds in my own hands6 ,he it was who everywhere had the start of me2 and1 besides this1 has in his possession bills on ,thomas ,john for about three and a half millions4 ,he must have stolen enormously6 ,what talk is that again6 ,he has wisely saved what would otherwise have been lavished away4 ,a man that has worn livery-- ,stupid stuff6 ,he has1 however1 an unblemished shadow4 ,thou art right1 but-- ,the man in the gray coat laughed and looked at me4 ,the door opened and ,mina came forth4 ,she supported herself on the arm of a chambermaid1 silent tears rolling down her lovely pale cheeks4 ,she seated herself on a stool which was placed for her under the lime trees1 and her father took a chair by her4 ,he tenderly took her hand1 and addressed her with tender words1 while she began violently to weep4 ,thou art my good1 dear child1 and thou wilt be reasonable1 wilt not wish to distress thy old father1 who seeks only thy happiness4 ,i can well conceive it1 dear heart1 that it has sadly shaken thee4 ,thou art wonderfully escaped from thy misfortunes6 ,before we discovered the scandalous imposition1 thou hadst loved this unworthy one greatly2 see1 ,mina1 ,i know it1 and upbraid thee not for it4 ,i myself1 dear child1 also loved him so long as ,i looked upon him as a great gentleman4 ,but now thou seest how different all has turned out4 ,what6 every poodle has his own shadow1 and should my dear child have a husband--no6 thou thinkest1 indeed1 no more about him4 ,listen1 ,mina6 ,now a man solicits thy hand1 who does not shun the sunshine1 an honorable man1 who truly is no prince1 but who possesses ten millions1 ten times more than thou2 a man who will make my dear child happy4 ,answer me not1 make no opposition1 be my good1 dutiful daughter1 let thy loving father care for thee1 and dry thy tears4 ,promise me to give thy hand to ,mr4 ,rascal4 ,say1 wilt thou promise me this8 ,she answered with a faint voice--,i have no will1 no wish further upon earth4 ,happen with me what my father will4 ,at this moment ,mr4 ,rascal was announced1 and stepped impudently into the circle4 ,mina lay in a swoon4 ,my detested companion glanced angrily at me1 and whispered in hurried words--,and that can you endure8 ,what then flows instead of blood in your veins8 ,he scratched with a hasty movement a slight wound in my hand1 blood flowed1 and he continued--,actually red blood6--,so sign then6 ,i had the parchment and the pen in my hand4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,my wish1 dear ,chamisso1 is merely to submit myself to thy judgment1 not to endeavor to bias it4 ,i have long passed the severest sentence on myself1 for ,i have nourished the tormenting worm in my heart4 ,it hovered during this solemn moment of my life incessantly before my soul1 and ,i could only lift my eyes to it with a doubting glance1 with humility and contrition4 ,dear friend1 he who in levity only sets his foot out of the right road1 is unawares conducted into other paths1 which draw him downward and ever downward2 he then sees in vain the guiding stars glitter in heaven2 there remains to him no choice2 he must descend unpausingly the declivity and become a voluntary sacrifice to ,nemesis4 ,after the hasty false step which had laid the curse upon me1 ,i had1 sinning through love1 forced myself into the fortunes of another being1 and what remained for me but that1 where ,i had sowed destruction1 where speedy salvation was demanded of me1 ,i should blindly rush forward to the rescue8--for the last hour struck6 ,think not so meanly of me1 my ,adelbert1 as to imagine that ,i should have regarded any price that was demanded as too high1 that ,i should have begrudged anything that was mine even more than my gold4 ,no1 ,adelbert6 but my soul was possessed with the most unconquerable hatred of this mysterious sneaker along crooked paths4 ,i might do him injustice1 but every degree of association with him revolted me4 ,and here stepped forth1 as so frequently in my life1 and as in general so often in the history of the world1 an event instead of an action4 ,since then ,i have achieved reconciliation with myself4 ,i have learned1 in the first place1 to reverence necessity2 and what is more than the action performed1 the event accomplished--her propriety4 ,then ,i have learned to venerate this necessity as a wise ,providence1 which lives through that great collective machine in which we officiate simply as coperating1 impelling1 and impelled wheels4 ,what shall be1 must be2 what should be1 happened1 and not without that ,providence1 which ,i ultimately learned to reverence in my own fate and in the fate of those on whom mine thus impinged4 ,i know not whether ,i shall ascribe it to the excitement of my soul under the impulse of such mighty sensations2 or to the exhaustion of my physical strength1 which during the last days such unwonted privations had enfeebled2 or whether1 finally1 to the desolating commotion which the presence of this gray fiend excited in my whole nature--be that as it may1 as ,i was on the point of signing ,i fell into a deep swoon and lay a long time as in the arms of death4 ,stamping of feet and curses were the first sounds which struck my ear as ,i returned to consciousness4 ,i opened my eyes2 it was dark2 my detested attendant was busied scolding me4 ,is not that to behave like an old woman8 ,up with you1 man1 and complete off-hand what you have resolved on1 if you have not taken another thought and had rather blubber6 ,i raised myself with difficulty from the ground and gazed in silence around4 ,it was late in the evening2 festive music resounded from the brightly illuminated ,forester's house2 various groups of people wandered through the garden walks4 ,one couple came near in conversation1 and seated themselves on the bench which ,i had just quitted4 ,they talked of the union this morning solemnized between the rich ,mr4 ,rascal and the daughter of the house4 ,so1 then1 it had taken place6 ,i tore the magic-cap of the already vanished unknown from my head1 and hastened in brooding silence toward the garden gate1 plunging myself into the deepest night of the thicket and striking along the path past ,count ,peter's arbor4 ,but invisibly my tormenting spirit accompanied me1 pursuing me with keenest reproaches4 ,these then are one's thanks for the pains which one has taken to support ,monsieur1 who has weak nerves1 through the long precious day4 ,and one shall act the fool in the play4 ,good1 ,mr4 ,wronghead1 fly you from me if you please1 but we are1 nevertheless1 inseparable4 ,you have my gold and ,i your shadow1 and this will allow us no repose4 ,did anybody ever hear of a shadow forsaking its master8 ,your's draws me after you till you take it back again graciously1 and ,i get rid of it4 ,what you have hesitated to do out of fresh pleasure1 will you1 only too late1 be compelled to seek through new weariness and disgust4 ,one cannot escape one's fate4 ,he continued speaking in the same tone4 ,i fled in vain2 he relaxed not1 but1 ever present1 mockingly talked of gold and shadow4 ,i could come to no single thought of my own4 ,i struck through empty streets toward my house4 ,when ,i stood before it1 and gazed at it1 ,i could scarcely recognize it4 ,no light shone through the dashed-in windows4 ,the doors were closed2 no throng of servants was moving therein4 ,there was a laugh near me4 ,ha6 ha6 so goes it6 ,but you'll probably find your ,bendel at home1 for he was the other day providently sent back so weary that he has most likely kept his bed since4 ,he laughed again4 ,he will have a story to tell6 ,well then1 for the present1 good night6 ,we meet again speedily6 ,i had rung the bell repeatedly2 light appeared2 ,bendel demanded from within who rung4 ,when the good man recognized my voice1 he could scarcely restrain his joy4 ,the door flew open and we stood weeping in each other's arms4 ,i found him greatly changed1 weak and ill2 but for me--my hair had become quite gray6 ,he conducted me through the desolated rooms to an inner apartment which had been spared4 ,he brought food and wine1 and we seated ourselves1 and he again began to weep4 ,he related to me that he the other day had cudgeled the gray-clad man whom he had encountered with my shadow1 so long and so far that he had lost all trace of me and had sunk to the earth in utter fatigue2 that after this1 as he could not find me1 he returned home1 whither presently the mob1 at ,rascal's instigation1 came rushing in fury1 dashed in the windows1 and gave full play to their lust of demolition4 ,thus did they to their benefactor4 ,the servants had fled various ways4 ,the police had ordered me1 as a suspicious person1 to quit the city1 and had allowed only four-and-twenty hours in which to evacuate their jurisdiction4 ,to that which ,i already knew of ,rascal's affluence and marriage1 he had yet much to add4 ,this scoundrel1 from whom all had proceeded that had been done against me1 must1 from the beginning1 have been in possession of my secret4 ,it appeared that1 attracted by gold1 he had contrived to thrust himself upon me1 and at the very first had procured a key to the gold cupboard1 where he had laid the foundation of that fortune whose augmentation he could now afford to despise4 ,all this ,bendel narrated to me with abundant tears1 and then wept for joy that he again beheld me1 again had me2 and that after he had long doubted whither this misfortune might have led me1 he saw me bear it so calmly and collectedly2 for such an aspect had despair now assumed in me4 ,my misery stood before me in its enormity and unchangeableness4 ,i had wept my last tear2 not another cry could be extorted from my heart2 ,i presented to my fate my bare head with chill indifference4 ,bendel1 ,i said1 thou knowest my lot4 ,not without earlier blame has my heavy punishment befallen me4 ,thou1 innocent man1 shalt no longer bind thy destiny to mine4 ,i do not desire it4 ,i leave this very night2 saddle me a horse2 ,i ride alone2 thou remainest2 it is my will4 ,here still must remain some chests of gold2 that retain thou2 but ,i will alone wander unsteadily through the world4 ,but if ever a happier hour should smile upon me1 and fortune look on me with reconciled eyes1 then will ,i remember thee1 for ,i have wept upon thy firmly faithful bosom in heavy and agonizing hours4 ,with a broken heart was this honest man compelled to obey this last command of his master1 at which his soul shrunk with terror4 ,i was deaf to his prayers1 to his representations2 blind to his tears4 ,he brought me out my steed4 ,once more ,i pressed the weeping man to my bosom1 sprang into the saddle1 and under the shroud of night hastened from the grave of my existence1 regardless which way my horse conducted me1 since ,i had longer on earth no aim1 no wish1 no hope4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,a pedestrian soon joined me1 who begged1 after he had walked for some time by the side of my horse1 that1 as we went the same way1 he might be allowed to lay a cloak which he carried1 on the steed behind me4 ,i permitted it in silence4 ,he thanked me with easy politeness for the trifling service2 praised my horse2 and thence took occasion to extol the happiness and power of the rich1 and let himself1 ,i know not how1 fall into a kind of monologue1 in which he had me now merely for a listener4 ,he unfolded his views of life and of the world1 and came very soon upon metaphysics1 whose task is to discover the ,word that should solve all riddles4 ,he stated his thesis with great clearness and proceeded onward to the proofs4 ,thou knowest1 my friend1 that ,i have clearly discovered1 since ,i have run through the schools of the philosophers1 that ,i have by no means a turn for philosophical speculations1 and that ,i have totally renounced for myself this field4 ,since then ,i have left many things to themselves2 abandoned the desire to know and to comprehend many things2 and as thou thyself advised me1 have1 trusting to my common sense1 followed as far as ,i was able the voice within me in my own way4 ,now this rhetorician seemed to me to raise with great talent a firmly constructed fabric1 which was at once self-based and self-supported1 and stood as by an innate necessity4 ,i missed in it completely1 however1 what most of all ,i was desirous to find1 and so it became for me merely a work of art1 whose elegant compactness and completeness served to charm the eye only2 nevertheless ,i listened willingly to the eloquent man who drew my attention from my grief to him2 and ,i would have gladly yielded myself wholly up to him1 had he captivated my heart as much as my understanding4 ,meanwhile the time had passed1 and unobserved the dawn had already enlightened the heaven4 ,i was horrified as ,i looked up suddenly1 and saw the glory of colors unfold itself in the east1 which announced the approach of the sun2 while at this hour in which the shadows ostentatiously display themselves in their greatest extent1 there was no protection from it2 no refuge in the open country to be descried4 ,and ,i was not alone6 ,i cast a glance at my companion1 and was again terror-stricken4 ,it was no other than the man in the gray coat6 ,he smiled at my alarm1 and went on without allowing me a single word4 ,let1 however1 as is the way of the world1 our mutual advantage for awhile unite us4 ,it is all in good time for separating4 ,the road here along the mountain-range1 though you have not yet thought of it1 is1 nevertheless1 the only one into which you could logically have struck4 ,down into the valley you cannot venture2 and still less will you desire to return again over the heights whence you came2 and this also happens to be my way4 ,i see that you already turn pale before the rising sun4 ,i will1 for the time we keep company1 lend you your shadow1 and you1 in exchange1 tolerate me in your society4 ,you have no longer your ,bendel with you1 ,i will do you good service4 ,you do not like me1 and ,i am sorry for it2 but1 notwithstanding1 you can make use of me4 ,the devil is not so black as he is painted4 ,yesterday you vexed me1 it is true2 ,i will not upbraid you with it today2 and ,i have already shortened the way hither for you2 that you must admit4 ,only just take your shadow again awhile on trial4 ,the sun had ascended2 people appeared on the road2 ,i accepted1 though with internal repugnance1 the proposal4 ,smiling he let my shadow glide to the ground1 which immediately took its place on that of the horse1 and trotted gaily by my side4 ,i was in the strangest state of mind4 ,i rode past a group of country-people1 who made way for a man of consequence1 reverently1 and with bared heads4 ,i rode on1 and gazed with greedy eyes and a palpitating2 heart on this my quondam shadow which ,i had now borrowed from a stranger1 yes1 from an enemy4 ,the man went carelessly near me1 and even whistled a tune--he on foot1 ,i on horseback2 a dizziness seized me2 the temptation was too great2 ,i suddenly turned the reins1 clapped spurs to the horse1 and struck at full speed into a side-path4 ,but ,i carried not off the shadow1 which at the turning glided from the horse and awaited its lawful possessor on the high road4 ,i was compelled with shame to turn back4 ,the man in the gray coat1 when he had calmly finished his tune1 laughed at me1 set the shadow right again for me and informed me that it would hang fast and remain with me only when ,i was disposed to become the rightful proprietor4 ,i hold you1 continued he1 fast by the shadow1 and you cannot escape me4 ,a rich man1 like you1 needs a shadow2 it cannot be otherwise1 and you only are to blame that you did not perceive that sooner4 ,i continued my journey on the same road2 the comforts and the splendor of life again surrounded me2 ,i could move about free and conveniently1 since ,i possessed a shadow1 although only a borrowed one2 and ,i everywhere inspired the respect which riches command4 ,but ,i carried death in my heart4 ,my strange companion1 who gave himself out as the unworthy servant of the richest man in the world1 possessed an extraordinary professional readiness1 prompt and clever beyond comparison1 the very model of a valet for a rich man1 but he stirred not from my side1 perpetually debating with me and ever manifesting his confidence that1 at length1 were it only to be rid of him1 ,i would resolve to settle the affair of the shadow4 ,he had become as burdensome to me as he was hateful4 ,i was even in fear of him4 ,he had made me dependent on him4 ,he held me1 after he had conducted me back into the glory of the world from which ,i had fled4 ,i was almost obliged to tolerate his eloquence1 and felt that he was in the right4 ,a rich man must have a shadow1 and1 as ,i desired to command the rank which he had contrived again to make necessary to me1 ,i saw but one issue4 ,by this1 however1 ,i stood fast3 after having sacrificed my love1 after my life had been blighted1 ,i would never sign away my soul to this creature1 for all the shadows in the world4 ,i knew not how it would end4 ,we sat1 one day1 before a cave which the strangers who frequent these mountains are accustomed to visit4 ,one hears there the rush of subterranean streams roaring up from immeasurable depths1 and the stone cast in seemed1 in its resounding fall1 to find no bottom4 ,he painted to me1 as he often did1 with a vivid power of imagination and in the lustrous charms of the most brilliant colors1 the most carefully finished pictures of what ,i might achieve in the world by virtue of my purse1 if ,i had but once again my shadow in my possession4 ,with my elbows resting on my knees1 ,i kept my face concealed in my hands and listened to the false one1 my heart divided between his seduction and my own strong will4 ,i could not longer stand such an inward conflict1 and the deciding strife began4 ,you appear1 sir1 to forget that ,i have indeed allowed you1 upon certain conditions1 to remain in my company1 but that ,i have reserved my perfect freedom4 ,if you command it1 ,i pack up4 ,he was accustomed to this menace4 ,i was silent4 ,he began immediately to roll up my shadow4 ,i turned pale1 but ,i let it proceed4 ,there followed a long pause2 he first broke it4 ,you cannot bear me1 sir4 ,you hate me2 ,i know it2 yet why do you hate me8 ,is it because you attacked me on the highway1 and sought to deprive me by violence of my bird's nest8 ,or is it because you have endeavored1 in a thievish manner1 to cheat me out of my property1 the shadow1 which was intrusted to you entirely on your honor8 ,i1 for my part1 do not hate you in spite of all this4 ,i find it quite natural that you should seek to avail yourself of all your advantages1 cunning1 and power4 ,neither do ,i object to your very strict principles and to your fancy to think like honesty itself4 ,in fact1 ,i think not so strictly as you2 ,i merely act as you think4 ,or have ,i at any time pressed my finger on your throat in order to bring to me your most precious soul1 for which ,i have a fancy8 ,have ,i1 on account of my bartered purse1 let a servant loose on you8 ,have ,i sought to swindle you out of it8 ,i had nothing to oppose to this1 and he proceeded3 ,very good1 sir6 very good6 ,you cannot endure me2 ,i know that very well1 and am by no means angry with you for it4 ,we must part1 that is clear1 and1 in fact1 you begin to be very wearisome to me4 ,in order1 then1 to rid you of my continued1 shame-inspiring presence1 ,i counsel you once more to purchase this thing from me4 ,i extended to him the purse3 ,at that price8--,no6 ,i sighed deeply1 and added1 ,be it so1 then4 ,i insist1 sir1 that we part1 and that you no longer obstruct my path in a world which1 it is to be hoped1 has room enough in it for us both4 ,he smiled1 and replied3 ,i go1 sir2 but first let me instruct you how you may ring for me when you desire to see again your most devoted servant4 ,you have only to shake your purse1 so that the eternal gold pieces therein jingle1 and the sound will instantly attract me4 ,every one thinks of his own advantage in this world4 ,you see that ,i at the same time am thoughtful of yours1 since ,i reveal to you a new power4 ,oh6 this purse6--had the moths already devoured your shadow1 that would still constitute a strong bond between us4 ,enough1 you have me in my gold4 ,should you have any commands1 even when far off1 for your servant1 you know that ,i can show myself very active in the service of my friends1 and the rich stand particularly well with me4 ,you have seen it yourself4 ,only your shadow1 sir--allow me to tell you that--never again1 except on one sole condition4 ,forms of the past time swept before my soul4 ,i demanded hastily--,had you a signature from ,mr4 ,john8 ,he smiled4 ,with so good a friend it was by no means necessary4 ,where is he8 ,by ,god1 ,i wish to know it6 ,he hesitatingly plunged his hand into his pocket1 and1 dragged thence by the hair1 appeared ,thomas ,john's ghastly disfigured form1 and the blue death-lips moved themselves with heavy words3 ,justo judicio ,dei judicatus sum2 justo judicio ,dei condemnatus sum4 ,i shuddered with horror1 and dashing the ringing purse into the abyss1 ,i spoke to him the last words--,i adjure thee1 horrible one1 in the name of ,god1 take thyself hence1 and never again show thyself in my sight6 ,he arose gloomily1 and instantly vanished behind the masses of rock which bounded this wild1 overgrown spot4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,i sat there without shadow and without money1 but a heavy weight was taken from my bosom4 ,i was calm4 ,had ,i not also lost my love1 or had ,i in that loss felt myself free from blame1 ,i believe that ,i should have been happy2 but ,i knew not what ,i should do4 ,i examined my pockets2 ,i found yet several gold pieces there2 ,i counted them and laughed4 ,i had my horses below at the inn2 ,i was ashamed of returning thither2 ,i must1 at least1 wait till the sun was gone down2 it stood yet high in the heavens4 ,i laid myself down in the shade of the nearest trees1 and calmly fell asleep4 ,lovely shapes blended themselves before me in charming dance into a pleasing dream4 ,mina with a flower-wreath in her hair floated by me1 and smiled kindly upon me4 ,the noble ,bendel also was crowned with flowers1 and went past with a friendly greeting4 ,i saw many besides1 and ,i believe thee too1 ,chamisso1 in the distant throng4 ,a bright light appeared1 but no one had a shadow1 and1 what was stranger1 it had by no means a bad effect4 ,flowers and songs1 love and joy1 under groves of palm6 ,i could neither hold fast nor interpret the moving1 lightly floating1 lovable forms2 but ,i knew that ,i dreamed such a dream with joy1 and was careful to avoid waking4 ,i was already awake1 but still kept my eyes closed in order to retain the fading apparition longer before my soul4 ,i finally opened my eyes2 the sun stood still high in the heavens1 but in the east2 ,i had slept through the night4 ,i took it for a sign that ,i should not return to the inn4 ,i gave up readily as lost what ,i yet possessed there1 and determined to strike on foot into a branch road1 which led along the wood-grown feet of the mountains1 leaving it to fate to fulfil what it had yet in store for me4 ,i looked not behind me1 and thought not even of applying to ,bendel1 whom ,i left rich behind me1 and which ,i could readily have done4 ,i considered the new character which ,i should support in the world4 ,my dress was very modest4 ,i had on an old black polonaise1 which ,i had already worn in ,berlin1 and which1 ,i know not how1 had first come again into my hands for this journey4 ,i had also a traveling cap on my head1 a pair of old boots on my feet4 ,i arose1 and cut me on the spot a knotty stick as a memorial1 and pursued my wandering4 ,i met in the wood an old peasant who1 friendly1 greeted me1 and with whom ,i entered into conversation4 ,i inquired1 like an inquisitive traveler1 first the way1 then about the country and its inhabitants1 the productions of the mountains1 and many such things4 ,he answered my questions sensibly and loquaciously4 ,we came to the bed of a mountain torrent1 which had spread its devastations over a wide tract of the forest4 ,i shuddered involuntarily at the sun-bright space1 and allowed the countryman to go first2 but in the midst of this dangerous spot1 he stood still1 and turned to relate to me the history of this desolation4 ,he saw immediately my defect1 and paused in the midst of his discourse4 ,but how does that happen--the gentleman has actually no shadow6 ,alas6 alas6 replied ,i1 sighing1 during a long and severe illness1 my hair1 nails1 and shadow fell off4 ,see1 father1 at my age1 my hair1 which is renewed again1 is quite white1 the nails very short1 and the shadow--that will not grow again4 ,ay6 ay6 responded the old man1 shaking his head--no shadow1 that is bad6 ,that was a bad illness that the gentleman had4 ,but he did not continue his narrative1 and at the next cross-way which presented itself left me without saying a word4 ,bitter tears trembled anew upon my cheeks1 and my cheerfulness was gone4 ,i pursued my way with a sorrowful heart1 and sought no further the society of men4 ,i kept myself in the darkest wood1 and was many a time compelled1 in order to pass over a space where the sun shone1 to wait for whole hours1 lest some human eye should forbid me the transit4 ,in the evening ,i sought shelter in the villages4 ,i went particularly in quest of a mine in the mountains where ,i hoped to get work under the earth2 since1 besides that my present situation made it imperative that ,i should provide for my support1 ,i had discovered that the most active labor alone could protect me from my own annihilating thoughts4 ,a few rainy days advanced me well on the way1 but at the expense of my boots1 whose soles had been calculated for ,count ,peter1 and not for the pedestrian laborer4 ,i was already barefoot and had to procure a pair of new boots4 ,the next morning ,i transacted this business with much gravity in a village where a wake was being held1 and where in a booth old and new boots were sold4 ,i selected and bargained long4 ,i was forced to deny myself a new pair1 which ,i would gladly have had1 for the extravagant price frightened me4 ,i therefore contented myself with an old pair1 which were yet good and strong1 and which the handsome1 blond-haired boy who kept the stall1 for present cash payment handed to me with a friendly smile and wished me good luck on my journey4 ,i put them on at once1 and left the place by the northern gate4 ,i was deeply absorbed in my thoughts and scarcely saw where ,i set my feet1 for ,i was pondering on the mine which ,i hoped to reach by evening1 and where ,i hardly knew how ,i should introduce myself4 ,i had not advanced two hundred strides when ,i observed that ,i had gone out of the way4 ,i therefore looked round me1 and found myself in a wild and ancient forest1 where the axe appeared never to have been wielded4 ,i still pressed forward a few steps1 and beheld myself in the midst of desert rocks which were overgrown only with moss and lichens1 and between which lay fields of snow and ice4 ,the air was intensely cold2 ,i looked round--the wood had vanished behind me4 ,i took a few strides more--and around me reigned the silence of death2 the ice whereon ,i stood boundlessly extended itself1 and on it rested a thick1 heavy fog4 ,the sun stood blood-red on the edge of the horizon4 ,the cold was insupportable4 ,i knew not what had happened to me4 ,the benumbing frost compelled me to hasten my steps2 ,i heard only the roar of distant waters2 a step1 and ,i was on the icy margin of an ocean4 ,innumerable herds of seals plunged rushing before me in the flood4 ,i pursued this shore2 ,i saw naked rocks1 land1 birch and pine forests2 ,i now advanced for a few minutes right onward4 ,it became stifling hot4 ,i looked around--,i stood amongst beautifully cultivated rice-fields1 and beneath mulberry-trees4 ,i seated myself in their shade2 ,i looked at my watch2 ,i had left the market town only a quarter of an hour before4 ,i fancied that ,i dreamed2 ,i bit my tongue to awake myself1 but ,i was really awake4 ,i closed my eyes in order to collect my thoughts4 ,i heard before me singular accents pronounced through the nose4 ,i looked up4 ,two ,chinese1 unmistakable from their ,asiatic physiognomy1 if indeed ,i would have given no credit to their costume1 addressed me in their speech with the accustomed salutations of their country4 ,i arose and stepped two paces backward2 ,i saw them no more4 ,the landscape was totally changed--trees and forests instead of rice-fields4 ,i contemplated these trees and the plants which bloomed around me1 which ,i recognized as the growth of southeastern ,asia4 ,i wished to approach one of these trees--one step1 and again all was changed4 ,i marched now like a recruit who is drilled1 and strode slowly and with measured steps4 ,wonderfully diversified lands1 rivers1 meadows1 mountain chains1 steppes1 deserts of sand1 unrolled themselves before my astonished eyes4 ,there was no doubt of it--,i had seven-league boots on my feet4 ,,chapter ,x ,i fell in speechless adoration on my knees and shed tears of thankfulness1 for suddenly my future stood clear before my soul4 ,for early offense thrust out from the society of men1 ,i was cast1 for compensation1 upon ,nature1 which ,i ever loved2 the earth was given me as a rich garden1 study for the object and strength of my life1 and science for its goal4 ,it was no resolution which ,i adopted4 ,i only have since1 with severe1 unremitted diligence1 striven faithfully to represent what then stood clear and perfect before my eye1 and my satisfaction has depended on the agreement of the representation with the original4 ,i roused myself in order1 without delay1 and with a hasty survey1 to take possession of the field where ,i should hereafter reap4 ,i stood on the heights of ,tibet1 and the sun1 which had risen upon me only a few hours before1 now already stooped to the evening sky4 ,i wandered over ,asia from east to west1 overtaking him in his course1 and entered ,africa4 ,i gazed about me with eager curiosity1 as ,i repeatedly traversed it in all directions4 ,as ,i surveyed the ancient pyramids and temples in passing through ,egypt1 ,i descried in the desert not far from hundred-gated ,thebes1 the caves where the ,christian anchorites once dwelt4 ,it was suddenly firm and clear in me--here is thy home6 ,i selected one of the most concealed which was at the same time spacious1 convenient1 and inaccessible to the jackals1 for my future abode1 and again went forward4 ,i passed1 at the pillars of ,hercules1 over to ,europe1 and when ,i reviewed the southern and northern provinces1 ,i crossed from northern ,asia over the polar glaciers to ,greenland and ,america1 traversed both parts of that continent1 and the winter which already reigned in the south drove me speedily back northward from ,cape ,horn4 ,i tarried awhile till it was day in eastern ,asia1 and1 after some repose1 continued my wandering4 ,i traced through both ,americas the mountain chain which constitutes the highest known acclivities on our globe4 ,i stalked slowly and cautiously from summit to summit1 now over flaming volcanoes1 now snow-crowned peaks1 often breathing with difficulty1 when1 reaching ,mount ,saint ,elias1 ,i sprang across ,behring's ,straits to ,asia4 ,i followed the western shores in their manifold windings1 and examined with especial care to ascertain which of the islands were accessible to me4 ,from the peninsula of ,malacca my boots carried me to ,sumatra1 ,java1 ,bali and ,lamboc4 ,i attempted often with danger1 and always in vain1 a northwest passage over the lesser islet and rocks with which this sea is studded1 to ,borneo and the other islands of this ,archipelago4 ,i was compelled to abandon the hope4 ,at length ,i seated myself on the extreme portion of ,lamboc1 and gazing toward the south and east1 wept1 as at the fast closed bars of my prison1 that ,i had so soon discovered my limits4 ,new ,holland so extraordinary and so essentially necessary to the comprehension of the earth and its sun-woven garment1 the vegetable and the animal world1 with the ,south ,sea and its ,zoophyte islands1 was interdicted to me1 and thus1 at the very outset1 all that ,i should gather and build up was destined to remain a mere fragment6 ,oh1 my ,adelbert1 what1 after all1 are the endeavors of men6 ,often did ,i in the severest winter of the southern hemisphere1 endeavor1 passing the polar glaciers westward1 to leave behind me those two hundred strides out from ,cape ,horn1 which sundered me probably from ,van ,diemen's ,land and ,new ,holland1 regardless of my return or whether this dismal region should close upon me as my coffin-lid--making desperate leaps from ice-drift to ice-drift1 and bidding defiance to the cold and the sea4 ,in vain6 ,i never reached ,new ,holland1 but1 every time1 ,i came back to ,lamboc1 seated myself on its farthest peak1 and wept again1 with my face turned toward the south and east1 as at the fast closed bars of my prison4 ,i tore myself at length from this spot1 and returned with a sorrowful heart into inner ,asia4 ,i traversed that farther1 pursuing the morning dawn westward1 and came1 yet in the night1 to my proposed home in the ,thebais1 which ,i had touched upon in the afternoon of the day before4 ,as soon as ,i was somewhat rested1 and when it was day again in ,europe1 ,i made it my first care to procure everything which ,i wanted4 ,first of all1 stop-shoes2 for ,i had experienced how inconvenient it was when ,i wished to examine near objects1 not to be able to slacken my stride except by pulling off my boots4 ,a pair of slippers drawn over them had completely the effect which ,i anticipated1 and later ,i always carried two pairs1 since ,i sometimes threw them from my feet1 without having time to pick them up again1 when lions1 men1 or hyenas startled me from my botanizing4 ,my very excellent watch was1 for the short duration of my passage1 a capital chronometer4 ,besides this ,i needed a sextant1 some scientific instruments1 and books4 ,to procure all this1 ,i made several anxious journeys to ,london and ,paris1 which1 auspiciously for me1 a mist just then overshadowed4 ,as the remains of my enchanted gold was now exhausted1 ,i easily accomplished the payment by gathering ,african ivory1 in which1 however1 ,i was obliged to select only the smallest tusks1 as not too heavy for me4 ,i was soon furnished and equipped with all these1 and commenced immediately1 as private philosopher1 my new course of life4 ,i roamed about the earth1 now determining the altitudes of mountains2 now the temperature of its springs and the air2 now contemplating the animal1 now inquiring into the vegetable tribes4 ,i hastened from the equator to the pole1 from one world to the other1 comparing facts with facts4 ,the eggs of the ,african ostrich or the northern sea-fowl1 and fruits1 especially of the tropical palms and bananas1 were even my ordinary food4 ,in lieu of happiness ,i had tobacco1 and of human society and the ties of love1 one faithful poodle1 which guarded my cave in the ,thebais1 and1 when ,i returned home with fresh treasures1 sprang joyfully toward me and gave me still a human feeling that ,i was not alone on the earth4 ,an adventure was yet destined to conduct me back amongst mankind4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,as ,i once scotched my boots on the shores of the north and gathered lichens and sea-weed1 an ice-bear came unawares upon me round the corner of a rock4 ,flinging off my slippers1 ,i would step over to an opposite island1 to which a naked crag which protruded midway from the waves offered me a passage4 ,i stepped with one foot firmly on the rock1 and plunged over on the other side into the sea1 one of my slippers having unobserved remained fast on the foot4 ,the excessive cold seized on me2 ,i with difficulty rescued my life from this danger2 and the moment ,i reached land1 ,i ran with the utmost speed to the ,lybyan desert in order to dry myself in the sun1 but1 as ,i was here exposed1 it burned me so furiously on the head that ,i staggered back again very ill toward the north4 ,i sought to relieve myself by rapid motion1 and ran with swift1 uncertain steps1 from west to east1 from east to west4 ,i found myself now in the day1 now in the night2 now in summer1 now in the winter's cold4 ,i know not how long ,i thus reeled about on the earth4 ,a burning fever glowed in my veins2 with deepest distress ,i felt my senses forsaking me4 ,as mischief would have it1 in my incautious career1 ,i now trod on some one's foot2 ,i must have hurt him2 ,i received a heavy blow1 and fell to the ground4 ,when ,i again returned to consciousness1 ,i lay comfortably in a good bed1 which stood amongst many other beds in a handsome hall4 ,some one sat at my head2 people went through the hall from one bed to another4 ,they came to mine1 and spoke together about me4 ,they styled me ,number ,twelve2 and on the wall at my feet stood--yes1 certainly it was no delusion1 ,i could distinctly read on a black tablet of marble in great golden letters1 quite correctly written1 my name-- ,,peter ,,schlemihl4 ,on the tablet beneath my name were two other rows of letters1 but ,i was too weak to put them together4 ,i again closed my eyes4 ,i heard something of which the subject was ,peter ,schlemihl read aloud1 and articulately1 but ,i could not collect the sense4 ,i saw a friendly man1 and a very lovely woman in black dress appear at my bedside4 ,the forms were not strange to me1 and yet ,i could not recognize them4 ,some time went on1 and ,i recovered my strength4 ,i was called ,number ,twelve2 and ,number ,twelve1 on account of his long beard1 passed for a ,jew1 on which account1 however1 he was not at all the less carefully treated4 ,that he had no shadow appeared to have been unobserved4 ,my boots1 as ,i was assured1 were1 with all that ,i had brought hither1 in good keeping1 in order to be restored to me on my recovery4 ,the place in which ,i lay was called the ,,schlemihlium4 ,what was daily read aloud concerning ,peter ,schlemihl was an exhortation to pray for him as the ,founder and ,benefactor of this institution4 ,the friendly man whom ,i had seen by my bed was ,bendel2 the lovely woman was ,mina4 ,i recovered unrecognized in the ,schlemihlium2 and learned yet further that ,i was in ,bendel's native city1 where1 with the remains of my otherwise unblessed gold1 he had in my name founded this ,hospital1 where the unhappy blessed me1 and himself maintained its superintendence4 ,mina was a widow4 ,an unhappy criminal process had cost ,mr4 ,rascal his life1 and her the greater part of her property4 ,her parents were no more4 ,she lived here as a pious widow1 and practised works of mercy4 ,once she conversed with ,mr4 ,bendel at the bedside of ,number ,twelve4 ,why1 noble lady1 will you so often expose yourself to the bad atmosphere which prevails here8 ,does fate then deal so hardly with you that you wish to die8 ,no1 ,mr4 ,bendel1 since ,i have dreamed out my long dream1 and have awoke in myself1 all is well with me2 since then ,i crave not1 and fear not1 death4 ,since then1 ,i reflect calmly on the past and the future4 ,is it not also with a still inward happiness that you now1 in so devout a manner1 serve your master and friend8 ,thank ,god1 yes1 noble lady4 ,but we have seen wonderful things2 we have unwarily drunk much good1 and bitter woes1 out of the full cup4 ,now it is empty1 and we may believe that the whole has been only a trial1 and1 armed with wise discernment1 awaits the real beginning4 ,the real beginning is of another fashion2 and we wish not back the first jugglery1 and are on the whole glad1 such as it was1 to have lived through it4 ,i feel also within me a confidence that it must now be better than formerly with our old friend4 ,within me too1 replied the lovely widow1 and then passed on4 ,the conversation left a deep impression upon me1 but ,i was undecided in myself whether ,i should make myself known or depart hence unrecognized4 ,i took my resolve4 ,i requested paper and pencil1 and wrote these words--,it is indeed better with your old friend now than formerly1 and if he does penance it is the penance of reconciliation4 ,hereupon ,i desired to dress myself1 as ,i found myself stronger4 ,the key of the small wardrobe which stood near my bed was brought1 and ,i found therein all that belonged to me4 ,i put on my clothes1 suspended my botanical case1 in which ,i rejoiced still to find my northern lichens1 round my black polonaise1 drew on my boots1 laid the written paper on my bed1 and1 as the door opened1 ,i was already far on the way to the ,thebais4 ,as ,i took the way along the ,syrian coast1 on which ,i for the last time had wandered from home1 ,i perceived my poor ,figaro coming toward me4 ,this excellent poodle1 which had long expected his master at home1 seemed to desire to trace him out4 ,i stood still and called to him4 ,he sprang barking toward me1 with a thousand moving assurances of his inmost and most extravagant joy4 ,i took him up under my arm1 for in truth he could not follow me1 and brought him with me home again4 ,i found all in its old order1 and returned gradually1 as my strength was recruited1 to my former employment and mode of life1 except that ,i kept myself for a whole year out of the1 to me1 wholly insupportable polar cold4 ,and thus1 my dear ,chamisso1 ,i live to this day4 ,my boots are no worse for the wear1 as that very learned work of the celebrated ,tieckius1 ,de ,rebus ,gestis ,pollicilli1 at first led me to fear4 ,their force remains unimpaired1 my strength only decays2 yet ,i have the comfort to have exerted it in a continuous and not fruitless pursuit of one object4 ,i have1 so far as my boots could carry me1 become more fundamentally acquainted than any man before me with the earth1 its shape1 its elevations1 its temperatures1 the changes of its atmosphere1 the exhibitions of its magnetic power1 and the life upon it1 especially in the vegetable world4 ,the facts ,i have recorded with the greatest possible exactness and in perspicuous order in several works1 and stated my deductions and views briefly in several treatises4 ,i have settled the geography of the interior of ,africa1 and of the northern polar regions2 of the interior of ,asia1 and its eastern shores4 ,my ,historia ,stirpium ,plantarum ,utriusque ,orbis stands as a grand fragment of the ,flora ,universalis ,terrae1 and as a branch of my ,systema ,naturae4 ,i believe that ,i have therein not merely augmented1 at a moderate calculation1 the amount of known species1 more than one-third1 but have done something for the ,natural ,system1 and for the ,geography of ,plants4 ,i shall labor diligently at my ,fauna4 ,i shall take care that1 before my death1 my works shall be deposited in the ,berlin ,university4 ,and thee1 my dear ,chamisso1 have ,i selected as the preserver of my singular history1 which1 perhaps1 when ,i have vanished from the earth1 may afford valuable instruction to many of its inhabitants4 ,but thou1 my friend1 if thou wilt live among men1 learn before all things to reverence the shadow1 and then the gold4 ,wishest thou to live only for thyself and for thy better self--oh1 then6--thou needest no counsel4 ,,ernst ,,theodor ,,amadeus ,,hoffmann 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,golden ,,pot#dd 7#ahad7 ,,translated ,,by ,,frederic ,h4 ,,hedge ,,first ,,vigil ,the mishaps of the student ,anselmus4 ,conrector ,paulmann's sanitary canaster and the gold-green snakes4 ,on ,ascension-day1 at three o'clock in the afternoon1 a young man in ,dresden came running through the ,black ,gate1 falling right into a basket of apples and cakes1 which an old and very ugly woman was there exposing to sale4 ,all that escaped being smashed to pieces was scattered away1 and the street-urchins joyfully divided the booty which this quick gentleman had thrown in the way4 ,at the murder-shriek which the crone set up1 her gossips1 leaving their cake and brandy-tables1 encircled the young man1 and with plebeian violence stormfully scolded him1 so that1 for shame and vexation1 he uttered no word1 but merely held out his small and by no means particularly well-filled purse1 which the crone eagerly clutched and stuck into her pocket4 ,the firm ring now opened2 but as the young man started off1 the crone called after him3 ,ay1 run1 run thy ways1 thou ,devil's bird6 ,to the crystal run--to the crystal6 ,the squealing1 creaking voice of the woman had something unearthly in it1 so that the promenaders paused in amazement1 and the laugh1 which at first had been universal1 instantly died away4 ,the student ,anselmus1 for the young man was no other1 felt himself1 though he did not in the least understand these singular phrases1 nevertheless seized with a certain involuntary horror2 and he quickened his steps still more1 to escape the curious looks of the multitude1 which were all turned toward him4 ,as he worked his way through the crowd of well-dressed people1 he heard them murmuring on all sides3 ,poor young fellow6 ,ha6 what a cursed bedlam it is6 ,the mysterious words of the crone had1 oddly enough1 given this ludicrous adventure a sort of tragic turn2 and the youth1 before unobserved1 was now looked after with a certain sympathy4 ,the ladies1 for his fine shape and handsome face1 which the glow of inward anger was rendering still more expressive1 forgave him this awkward step1 as well as the dress he wore1 though it was utterly at variance with all mode4 ,his pike-gray frock was shaped as if the tailor had known the modern form only by hearsay2 and his well-kept black satin lower habiliments gave the whole a certain pedagogic air1 to which the gait and gesture of the wearer did not at all correspond4 ,the student had almost reached the end of the alley which leads out to the ,linke ,bath2 but his breath could stand such a rate no longer4 ,from running1 he took to walking2 but scarcely did he yet dare to lift an eye from the ground2 for he still saw apples and cakes dancing round him1 and every kind look from this or that fair damsel was to him but the reflex of the mocking laughter at the ,black ,gate4 ,in this mood1 he had got to the entrance of the bath2 one group of holiday people after the other were moving in4 ,music of wind-instruments resounded from the place1 and the din of merry guests was growing louder and louder4 ,the poor student ,anselmus was almost on the point of weeping2 for he too had expected1 ,ascension-day having always been a family-festival with him1 to participate in the felicities of the ,linkean paradise2 nay1 he had purposed even to go the length of a half portion of coffee with rum1 and a whole bottle of double beer1 and1 that he might carouse at his ease1 had put more money in his purse than was properly permissible and feasible4 ,and now1 by this fatal step into the apple-basket1 all that he had about him had been swept away4 ,of coffee1 of double beer1 of music1 of looking at the bright damsels--in a word1 of all his fancied enjoyments1 there was now nothing more to be said4 ,he glided slowly past1 and at last turned down the ,elbe road1 which at that time happened to be quite solitary4 ,illustration3 ,permission ,berlin ,photo ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,,hensel ,,ernst ,,theodor ,,amadeus ,,hoffmann ,beneath an elder-tree1 which had grown out through the wall1 he found a kind green resting-place2 here he sat down1 and filled a pipe from the ,sanittsknaster or ,health-tobacco1 of which his friend the ,conrector ,paulmann had lately made him a present4 ,close before him rolled and chafed the gold-dyed waves of the fair ,elbe-stream2 behind him rose lordly ,dresden1 stretching1 bold and proud1 its light towers into the airy sky2 which again1 farther off1 bent itself down toward flowery meads and fresh springing woods2 and in the dim distance1 a range of azure peaks gave notice of remote ,bohemia4 ,but1 heedless of this1 the student ,anselmus1 looking gloomily before him1 blew forth his smoky clouds into the air4 ,his chagrin at length became audible1 and he said3 ,of a truth1 ,i am born to losses and crosses for my life long6 ,that in boyhood ,i never could become the ,king on ,twelfthnight1 that at ,odds or ,evens ,i could never once guess the right way1 that my bread and butter always fell on the buttered side--of all these sorrows ,i will not speak2 but is it not a frightful destiny1 that now1 when1 in spite of ,satan1 ,i have become a student1 ,i must still be a jolthead as before8 ,do ,i ever put a new coat on1 without the first day smearing it with tallow1 or on some ill-fastened nail or other tearing a cursed hole in it8 ,do ,i ever bow to any ,councilor or any lady1 without pitching the hat out of my hands1 or even slipping on the pavement1 and shamefully going heels-over-head8 ,had ,i not1 every market-day1 while in ,halle1 a regular sum of from three to four groschen to pay for broken pottery1 the ,devil putting it into my head to walk straight forward1 like a leming-rat8 ,have ,i ever once got to my college1 or any place ,i was appointed to1 at the right time8 ,what availed it that ,i set out half an hour before1 and planted myself at the door1 with the knocker in my hand8 ,just as the clock is going to strike1 souse6 some ,devil pours a wash-basin down on me1 or ,i bolt against some fellow coming out1 and get myself engaged in endless quarrels till the time is clean gone4 ,ah6 well-a-day6 whither are ye fled1 ye blissful dreams of coming fortune1 when ,i proudly thought that here ,i might even reach the height of ,privy ,secretary8 ,and has not my evil star estranged from me my best patrons8 ,i learn1 for instance1 that the ,councilor1 to whom ,i have a letter1 cannot suffer cropped hair2 with immensity of trouble1 the barber fastens me a little cue to my hindhead2 but at the first bow his unblessed knot gives way1 and a little shock-dog1 running snuffling about me1 frisks off to the ,privy ,councilor with the cue in his mouth4 ,i spring after it in terror1 and stumble against the table1 where he has been working while at breakfast2 and cups1 plates1 ink-glass1 sand-box1 rush jingling to the floor1 and a flood of chocolate and ink overflows the ,relation he has just been writing4 ',is the ,devil in the man8' bellows the furious ,privy ,councilor1 and shoves me out of the room4 ,what avails it that ,corrector ,paulmann gave me hopes of a writership3 will my malignant fate allow it1 which everywhere pursues me8 ,today even6 ,do but think of it6 ,i was purposing to hold my good old ,ascension-day with right cheerfulness of soul2 ,i would stretch a point for once2 ,i might have gone1 as well as any other guest1 into ,linke's ,bath1 and called out proudly3 ',marqueur6 a bottle of double beer2 best sort1 if you please6' ,i might have sat till far in the evening1 and1 moreover1 close by this or that fine party of well-dressed ladies4 ,i know it1 ,i feel it6 heart would have come into me and ,i should have been quite another man2 nay1 ,i might have carried it so far that when one or other of them asked1 ,what o'clock may it be8' or ',what is it they are playing8' ,i should have started up with light grace1 and without overturning my glass or stumbling over the bench1 but in a curved posture1 moving one step and a half forward1 ,i should have answered3 ',give me leave1 ,mademoiselle6 it is the overture of the ,donauweibchen2' or1 ',it is just going to strike six4' ,could any mortal in the world have taken it ill of me8 ,no6 ,i say2 the girls would have looked over1 smiling so roguishly1 as they always do when ,i pluck up heart to show them that ,i too understand the light tone of society1 and know how ladies should be spoken to4 ,but here--the ,devil leads me into that cursed apple-basket1 and now must ,i sit moping in solitude1 with nothing but a poor pipe of---- ,here the student ,anselmus was interrupted in his soliloquy by a strange rustling and whisking1 which rose close by him in the grass1 but soon glided up into the twigs and leaves of the elder-tree that stretched out over his head4 ,it was as if the evening wind were shaking the leaves2 as if little birds were twittering among the branches1 moving their little wings in capricious flutter to and fro4 ,then he heard a whispering and lisping2 and it seemed as if the blossoms were sounding like little crystal bells4 ,anselmus listened and listened4 ,ere long1 the whispering1 and lisping1 and tinkling1 he himself knew not how1 grew to faint and half-scattered words3 ',twixt this way1 'twixt that2 'twixt branches1 'twixt blossoms1 come shoot1 come twist and twirl we6 ,sisterkin1 sisterkin6 up to the shine2 up1 down1 through and through1 quick6 ,sun-rays yellow2 evening-wind whispering2 dew-drops pattering2 blossoms all singing3 sing we with branches and blossoms6 ,stars soon glitter2 must down3 'twixt this way1 'twixt that1 come shoot1 come twist1 come twirl we1 sisterkin6 ,and so it went along1 in confused and confusing speech4 ,the student ,anselmus thought3 ,well1 it is but the evening-wind1 which tonight truly is whispering distinctly enough4 ,but at that moment there sounded over his head1 as it were1 a triple harmony of clear crystal bells3 he looked up1 and perceived three little snakes1 glittering with green and gold1 twisted round the branches1 and stretching out their heads to the evening sun4 ,then1 again1 began a whispering and twittering in the same words as before1 and the little snakes went gliding and caressing up and down through the twigs2 and while they moved so rapidly1 it was as if the elder-bush were scattering a thousand glittering emeralds through the dark leaves4 ,it is the evening sun which sports so in the elder-bush1 thought the student ,anselmus2 but the bells sounded again1 and ,anselmus observed that one ,snake held out its little head to him4 ,through all his limbs there went a shock like electricity2 he quivered in his inmost heart2 he kept gazing up1 and a pair of glorious dark-blue eyes were looking at him with unspeakable longing2 and an unknown feeling of highest blessedness and deepest sorrow was like to rend his heart asunder4 ,and as he looked1 and still looked1 full of warm desire1 into these charming eyes1 the crystal bells sounded louder in harmonious accord1 and the glittering emeralds fell down and encircled him1 flickering round him in thousand sparkles1 and sporting in resplendent threads of gold4 ,the ,elder-bush moved and spoke3 ,thou layest in my shadow2 my perfume flowed round thee1 but thou understoodst me not4 ,the perfume is my speech1 when ,love kindles it4 ,the ,evening-,wind came gliding past1 and said3 ,i played round thy temples1 but thou understoodst me not4 ,breath is my speech1 when ,love kindles it4 ,the sunbeams broke through the clouds1 and the sheen of it burnt1 as in words3 ,i overflowed thee with glowing gold1 but thou understoodst me not4 ,glow is my speech1 when ,love kindles it4 ,and1 still deeper and deeper sunk in the view of these glorious eyes1 his longing grew keener1 his desire more warm4 ,and all rose and moved around him1 as if awakening to joyous life4 ,flowers and blossoms shed their odors round him2 and their odor was like the lordly singing of a thousand softest voices2 and what they sung was borne1 like an echo1 on the golden evening clouds1 as they flitted away1 into far-off lands4 ,but as the last sunbeam abruptly sank behind the hills1 and the twilight threw its veil over the scene1 there came a hoarse deep voice1 as from a great distance3 ,hey6 hey6 what chattering and jingling is that up there8 ,hey6 hey6 who catches me the ray behind the hills8 ,sunned enough1 sung enough4 ,hey6 hey6 through bush and grass1 through grass and stream6 ,hey6 hey6 ,come dow-w-n1 dow-w-w-n6 ,so faded the voice away1 as in murmurs of a distant thunder2 but the crystal bells broke off in sharp discords4 ,all became mute2 and the student ,anselmus observed how the three snakes1 glittering and sparkling1 glided through the grass toward the river2 rustling and hustling1 they rushed into the ,elbe2 and over the waves where they vanished1 there crackled up a green flame1 which1 gleaming forward obliquely1 vanished in the direction of the city4 ,,second ,,vigil ,how the student ,anselmus was looked upon as drunk and mad4 ,the crossing of the ,elbe4 ,bandmaster ,graun's ,bravura4 ,conradi's ,stomachic ,liqueur1 and the bronzed ,apple-,woman4 ,the gentleman seems not to be in his right wits6 said a respectable burgher's wife1 who1 returning from a walk with her family1 had paused here1 and1 with crossed arms1 was looking at the mad pranks of the student ,anselmus4 ,anselmus had clasped the trunk of the elder-tree1 and was calling incessantly up to the branches and leaves3 ,o glitter and shine once more1 ye dear gold snakes2 let me hear your little bell-voices once more6 ,look on me once more1 ye kind eyes2 ,o once1 or ,i must die in pain and ardent longing6 ,and with this1 he was sighing and sobbing from the bottom of his heart most pitifully1 and1 in his eagerness and impatience1 shaking the elder-tree to and fro2 which1 however1 instead of any reply1 rustled quite gloomily and inaudibly with its leaves1 and so rather seemed1 as it were1 to make sport of the student ,anselmus and his sorrows4 ,the gentleman seemingly is not in his right wits6 said the burgher's wife2 and ,anselmus felt as if you had shaken him out of a deep dream1 or poured ice-cold water on him1 that he might awaken without loss of time4 ,he now first saw clearly where he was and recollected what a strange apparition had teased him1 nay1 so beguiled his senses as to make him break forth into loud talk with himself4 ,in astonishment1 he gazed at the woman2 and at last1 snatching up his hat1 which had fallen to the ground in his transport1 was for making off in all speed4 ,the burgher himself had come forward in the meanwhile2 and1 setting down the child from his arm on the grass1 had been leaning on his staff1 and with amazement listening and looking at the student4 ,he now picked up the pipe and tobacco-pouch which the student had let fall1 and1 holding them out to him1 said3 ,don't take on so dreadfully in the dark1 my worthy sir1 or alarm people1 when nothing is the matter1 after all1 but having taken a sip too much2 go home1 like a pretty man1 and take a nap of sleep on it4 ,the student ,anselmus felt exceedingly ashamed2 he uttered nothing but a most lamentable ,ah6 ,pooh6 ,pooh6 said the burgher1 never mind it a jot2 such a thing will happen to the best2 on good old ,ascension-day a man may readily enough forget himself in his joy1 and gulp down a thought too much4 ,a clergyman himself is no worse for it3 ,i presume1 my worthy sir1 you are a ,candidatus4--,but1 with your leave1 sir1 ,i shall fill my pipe with your tobacco2 mine went out a little while ago4 ,this last sentence the burgher uttered while the student ,anselmus was about putting up his pipe and pouch2 and now the burgher slowly and deliberately cleaned his pipe1 and began as slowly to fill it4 ,several burgher girls had come up2 they were speaking secretly with the woman and one another1 and tittering as they looked at ,anselmus4 ,the student felt as if he were standing on prickly thorns and burning needles4 ,no sooner had he recovered his pipe and tobacco-pouch1 than he darted off at the height of his speed4 ,all the strange things he had seen were clean gone from his memory2 he simply recollected having babbled all manner of foolish stuff beneath the elder-tree4 ,this was the more shocking to him1 as he entertained from of old an inward horror against all soliloquists4 ,it is ,satan that chatters out of them1 said his ,rector2 and ,anselmus shared honestly his belief4 ,to be regarded as a ,candidatus ,theologiae1 overtaken with drink on ,ascension-day6 ,the thought was intolerable4 ,he was just about turning up the ,poplar ,alley1 by the ,kosel ,garden1 when a voice behind him called out3 ,herr ,anselmus6 ,herr ,anselmus6 for the love of ,heaven1 whither are you running in such haste8 ,the student paused1 as if rooted to the ground2 for he was convinced that now some new mischance would befall him4 ,the voice rose again3 ,herr ,anselmus1 come back1 then2 we are waiting for you here at the water6 ,and now the student perceived that it was his friend ,conrector ,paulmann's voice2 he went back to the ,elbe1 and found the ,conrector1 with his two daughters1 as well as ,registrator ,heerbrand1 all on the point of stepping into their gondola4 ,conrector ,paulmann invited the student to go with them across the ,elbe1 and then to pass the evening at his house in the ,pirna suburb4 ,the student ,anselmus very gladly accepted this proposal1 thinking thereby to escape the malignant destiny which had ruled over him all day4 ,now1 as they were crossing the river1 it chanced that1 on the farther bank1 near the ,anton ,garden1 fireworks were just going off4 ,sputtering and hissing1 the rockets went aloft1 and their blazing stars flew to pieces in the air1 scattering a thousand vague shoots and flashes round them4 ,the student ,anselmus was sitting by the steersman1 sunk in deep thought2 but when he noticed in the water the reflection of these darting and wavering sparks and flames1 he felt as if it was the little golden snakes that were sporting in the flood4 ,all the strange things he had seen at the elder-tree again started forth into his heart and thoughts2 and again that unspeakable longing1 that glowing desire1 laid hold of him here1 which had before agitated his bosom in painful spasms of rapture4 ,ah6 is it you again1 my little golden snakes8 ,sing now1 ,o sing6 ,in your song let the kind1 dear1 dark-blue eyes again appear to me4--,ah8 are ye under the waves1 then8 ,so cried the student ,anselmus1 and at the same time made a violent movement1 as if he were for plunging from the gondola into the river4 ,is the ,devil in you1 sir8 exclaimed the steersman1 and clutched him by the coat-tail4 ,the girls1 who were sitting by him1 shrieked in terror1 and fled to the other side of the gondola4 ,registrator ,heerbrand whispered something in ,conrector ,paulmann's ear1 to which the latter answered1 but in so low a tone that ,anselmus could distinguish nothing but the words3 ,such attacks--never noticed them before8 ,directly after this1 ,conrector ,paulmann also rose1 and then sat down1 with a certain earnest1 grave1 official mien1 beside the student ,anselmus1 taking his hand1 and saying3 ,how are you1 ,herr ,anselmus8 ,the student ,anselmus was like to lose his wits1 for in his mind there was a mad distraction1 which he strove in vain to soothe4 ,he now saw plainly that what he had taken for the gleaming of the golden snakes was nothing but the reflection of the fireworks in ,anton's ,garden3 but a feeling unexperienced till now1 he himself knew not whether it was rapture or pain1 cramped his breast together2 and when the steersman struck through the water with his helm1 so that the waves1 curling as in anger1 gurgled and chafed1 he heard in their din a soft whispering3 ,anselmus6 ,anselmus6 seest thou not how we still skim along before thee8 ,sisterkin looks at thee again2 believe1 believe1 believe in us6 ,and he thought he saw in the reflected light three green-glowing streaks2 but then1 when he gazed1 full of fond sadness1 into the water1 to see whether these gentle eyes would not again look up to him1 he perceived too well that the shine proceeded only from the windows in the neighboring houses4 ,he was sitting mute in his place1 and inwardly battling with himself1 when ,conrector ,paulman repeated1 with still greater emphasis3 ,how are you1 ,herr ,anselmus8 ,with the most rueful tone1 ,anselmus replied3 ,ah6 ,herr ,conrector1 if you knew what strange things ,i have been dreaming1 quite awake1 with open eyes1 just now1 under an elder-tree at the wall of ,linke's garden1 you would not take it amiss of me that ,i am a little absent1 or so4 ,ey1 ey1 ,herr ,anselmus6 interrupted ,conrector ,paulmann1 ,i have always taken you for a solid young man2 but to dream1 to dream with your eyes wide open1 and then1 all at once1 to start up for leaping into the water6 ,this1 begging your pardon1 is what only fools or madmen could do4 ,the student ,anselmus was deeply affected at his friend's hard saying2 then ,veronica1 ,paulmann's eldest daughter1 a most pretty blooming girl of sixteen1 addressed her father3 ,but1 dear father1 something singular must have befallen ,herr ,anselmus2 and perhaps he only thinks he was awake1 while he may really have been asleep1 and so all manner of wild stuff has come into his head and is still lying in his thoughts4 ,and1 dearest ,mademoiselle6 ,worthy ,conrector6 interrupted ,registrator ,heerbrand1 may one not1 even when awake1 sometimes sink into a sort of dreaming state8 ,i myself have had such fits4 ,one afternoon1 for instance1 during coffee1 in a sort of brown study like this1 in the very moment of corporeal and spiritual digestion1 the place where a lost document was lying occurred to me1 as if by inspiration2 and last night1 no further gone1 there came glorious large ,latin ,,writ tripping out before my open eyes1 in the very same way4 ,ah6 most honored ,registrator1 answered ,conrector ,paulmann1 you have always had a tendency to the ,poetica2 and thus one falls into fantasies and romantic humors4 ,the student ,anselmus1 however1 was particularly gratified that in this most troublous situation1 while in danger of being considered drunk or crazy1 any one should take his part2 and though it was already fairly dark1 he thought he noticed1 for the first time1 that ,veronica had really very fine dark-blue eyes1 and this too without remembering the strange pair which he had looked at in the elder-bush4 ,on the whole1 the adventure under the elder-bush had once more entirely vanished from the thoughts of the student ,anselmus2 he felt himself at ease and light of heart2 nay1 in the capriciousness of joy1 he carried it so far that he offered a helping hand to his fair advocate1 ,veronica1 as she was stepping from the gondola2 and without more ado1 as she put her arm in his1 escorted her home with so much dexterity and good luck that he missed his footing only once1 and this being the only wet spot in the whole road1 spattered ,veronica's white gown only a very little by the incident4 ,conrector ,paulmann failed not to observe this happy change in the student ,anselmus2 he resumed his liking for him1 and begged forgiveness for the hard words which he had let fall before4 ,yes1 added he1 we have many examples to show that certain phantasms may rise before a man and pester and plague him not a little2 but this is bodily disease1 and leeches are good for it1 if applied to the right part1 as a certain learned physician1 now deceased1 has directed4 ,the student ,anselmus knew not whether he had been drunk1 crazy1 or sick2 but at all events the leeches seemed entirely superfluous1 as these supposed phantasms had utterly vanished1 and the student himself was growing happier and happier1 the more he prospered in serving the pretty ,veronica with all sorts of dainty attentions4 ,as usual1 after the frugal meal1 came music2 the student ,anselmus had to take his seat before the harpsichord1 and ,veronica accompanied his playing with her pure clear voice4 ,dear ,mademoiselle1 said ,registrator ,heerbrand1 you have a voice like a crystal bell6 ,that she has not6 ejaculated the student ,anselmus1 he scarcely knew how4 ,crystal bells in elder-trees sound strangely1 strangely6 continued the student ,anselmus1 murmuring half aloud4 ,veronica laid her hand on his shoulder1 and asked3 ,what are you saying now1 ,herr ,anselmus8 ,instantly ,anselmus recovered his cheerfulness1 and began playing4 ,conrector ,paulmann gave a grim look at him2 but ,registrator ,heerbrand laid a music-leaf on the frame1 and sang with ravishing grace one of ,bandmaster ,graun's bravura airs4 ,the student ,anselmus accompanied this1 and much more2 and a fantasy duet1 which ,veronica and he now fingered1 and ,conrector ,paulmann had himself composed1 again brought all into the gayest humor4 ,it was now quite late1 and ,registrator ,heerbrand was taking up his hat and stick1 when ,conrector ,paulmann went up to him with a mysterious air1 and said3 ,hem6--,would not you1 honored ,registrator1 mention to the good ,herr ,anselmus himself--,hem6 what we were speaking of before8 ,with all the pleasure in nature1 said ,registrator ,heerbrand2 and after all were seated in a circle1 he began1 without farther preamble1 as follows3 ,in this city is an old1 strange1 remarkable man2 people say he follows all manner of secret sciences2 but as there are no such sciences1 ,i rather take him for an antiquary1 and1 along with this1 for an experimental chemist4 ,i mean no other than our ,privy ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,he lives1 as you know1 by himself1 in his old sequestered house2 and when disengaged from his office he is to be found in his library1 or in his chemical laboratory1 to which1 however1 he admits no stranger4 ,besides many curious books1 he possesses a number of manuscripts1 partly ,arabic1 ,coptic1 and some of them in strange characters which belong not to any known tongue4 ,these he wishes to have copied properly2 and for this purpose he requires a man who can draw with the pen1 and so transfer these marks to parchment1 in ,indian ink1 with the highest strictness and fidelity4 ,the work is carried on in a separate chamber of his house1 under his own oversight2 and besides free board during the time of business1 he pays his man a specie-dollar1 daily1 and promises a handsome present when the copying is rightly finished4 ,the hours of work are from twelve to six4 ,from three to four1 you take rest and dinner4 ,herr ,archivarius ,lindhorst having in vain tried one or two young people for copying these manuscripts1 has at last applied to me to find him an expert drawer2 and so ,i have been thinking of you1 dear ,herr ,anselmus1 for ,i know that you both write very neatly1 and likewise draw with the pen to great perfection4 ,now1 if in these bad times1 and till your future establishment1 you would like to earn a speziesthaler in the day1 and this present over and above1 you can go tomorrow precisely at noon1 and call upon the ,archivarius1 whose house no doubt you know4 ,but be on your guard against any blot6 ,if such a thing falls on your copy1 you must begin it again2 if it falls on the original1 the ,archivarius will think nothing of throwing you out of the window1 for he is a hot-tempered gentleman4 ,the student ,anselmus was filled with joy at ,registrator ,heerbrand's proposal2 for not only could the student write well and draw well with the pen1 but this copying with laborious calligraphic pains was a thing he delighted in beyond aught else4 ,so he thanked his patron in the most grateful terms1 and promised not to fail at noon tomorrow4 ,all night the student ,anselmus saw nothing but clear speziesthalers1 and heard nothing but their lovely clink4 ,who could blame the poor youth1 cheated of so many hopes by capricious destiny1 obliged to take counsel about every farthing1 and to forego so many joys which a young heart requires6 ,early in the morning he brought out his black-lead pencils1 his crow-quills1 his ,indian ink2 for better materials1 thought he1 the ,archivarius can find nowhere4 ,above all1 he mustered and arranged his calligraphic masterpieces and his drawings1 to show them to the ,archivarius1 in proof of his ability to do what he wished4 ,all prospered with the student2 a peculiar happy star seemed to be presiding over him2 his neckcloth sat right at the very first trial2 no tack burst2 no loop gave way in his black silk stockings2 his hat did not once fall to the dust after he had trimmed it4 ,in a word1 precisely at half-past eleven1 the student ,anselmus1 in his pike-gray frock1 and black satin lower habiliments1 with a roll of calligraphics and pen-drawings in his pocket1 was standing in the ,schlossgasse1 in ,conradi's shop1 and drinking one--two glasses of the best stomachic liqueur2 for here1 thought he1 slapping on the still empty pocket1 for here speziesthalers will be clinking soon4 ,notwithstanding the distance of the solitary street where the ,archivarius ,lindhorst's very ancient residence lay1 the student ,anselmus was at the front door before the stroke of twelve4 ,he stood here1 and was looking at the large fine bronze knocker2 but now when1 as the last stroke tingled through the air with loud clang from the steeple-clock of the ,kreuzkirche1 he lifted his hand to grasp this same knocker1 the metal visage twisted itself1 with horrid rolling of its blue-gleaming eyes1 into a grinning smile4 ,alas1 it was the ,apple-woman of the ,black ,gate6 ,the pointed teeth gnashed together in the loose jaws1 and in their chattering through the skinny lips there was a growl of3 ,thou fool1 fool1 fool6--,wait1 wait6--,why didst run6--,fool6 ,horror-struck1 the student ,anselmus flew back2 he clutched at the door-post1 but his hand caught the bell-rope and pulled it1 and in piercing discords it rung stronger and stronger1 and through the whole empty house the echo repeated1 as in mockery3 ,to the crystal fall6 ,an unearthly terror seized the student ,anselmus1 and quivered through all his limbs4 ,the bell-rope lengthened downward1 and became a white1 transparent1 gigantic serpent1 which encircled and crushed him1 and girded him straiter and straiter in its coils1 till his brittle1 paralyzed limbs went crashing in pieces1 and the blood spouted from his veins1 penetrating into the transparent body of the serpent1 and dyeing it red4 ,kill me6 ,kill me6 he would have cried1 in his horrible agony2 but the cry was only a stifled gurgle in his throat4 ,the serpent lifted its head1 and laid its long peaked tongue of glowing brass on the breast of ,anselmus2 then a fierce pang suddenly cut asunder the artery of life1 and thought fled away from him4 ,on returning to his senses1 he was lying on his own poor truckle-bed2 ,conrector ,paulmann was standing before him1 and saying3 ,for ,heaven's sake1 what mad stuff is this1 dear ,herr ,anselmus8 ,,sixth ,,vigil ,archivarius ,lindhorst's ,garden1 with some ,mocking birds4 ,the ,golden ,pot4 ,english current-hand4 ,pot-hooks4 ,the ,prince of the ,spirits4 ,it may be1 after all1 said the student ,anselmus to himself1 that the superfine1 strong1 stomachic liqueur1 which ,i took somewhat freely at ,monsieur ,conradi's1 might really be the cause of all these shocking phantasms which so tortured me at ,archivarius ,lindhorst's door4 ,therefore1 ,i will go quite sober today1 and so bid defiance to whatever further mischief may assail me4 ,on this occasion1 as before1 when equipping himself for his first call on ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 the student ,anselmus put his pen-drawings and calligraphic masterpieces1 his bars of ,indian ink1 and his well-pointed crow-pens1 into his pockets2 and was just turning to go out1 when his eye lighted on the vial with the yellow liqueur1 which he had received from ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,all the strange adventures he had met with again rose on his mind in glowing colors2 and a nameless emotion of rapture and pain thrilled through his breast4 ,involuntarily he exclaimed1 with a most piteous voice3 ,ah1 am ,i not going to the ,archivarius solely for a sight of thee1 thou gentle lovely ,serpentina6 ,at that moment he felt as if ,serpentina's love might be the prize of some laborious perilous task which he had to undertake1 and as if this task were no other than the copying of the ,lindhorst manuscripts4 ,that at his very entrance into the house1 or1 more properly1 before his entrance1 all manner of mysterious things might happen1 as of late1 was no more than he anticipated4 ,he thought no more of ,conradi's strong water1 but hastily put the vial of liqueur in his waistcoat-pocket that he might act strictly by the ,archivarius' directions1 should the bronzed ,apple-woman again take it upon her to make faces at him4 ,and did not the hawk-nose actually peak itself1 did not the cat-eyes actually glare from the knocker1 as he raised his hand to it1 at the stroke of twelve8 ,but now1 without further ceremony1 he dribbled his liqueur into the pestilent visage2 and it folded and molded itself1 that instant1 down to a glittering bowl-round knocker4 ,the door went up2 the bells sounded beautifully over all the house3 ,klingling1 youngling1 in1 in1 spring1 spring1 klingling4 ,in good heart he mounted the fine broad stair and feasted on the odors of some strange perfumery that was floating through the house4 ,in doubt1 he paused on the lobby2 for he knew not at which of these many fine doors he was to knock4 ,but ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 in a white damask nightgown1 stepped forth to him1 and said3 ,well1 it is a real pleasure to me1 ,herr ,anselmus1 that you have kept your word at last4 ,come this way1 if you please2 ,i must take you straight into the ,laboratory2 and with this he stepped rapidly through the lobby1 and opened a little side-door which led into a long passage4 ,anselmus walked on in high spirits1 behind the ,archivarius2 they passed from this corridor into a hall1 or rather into a lordly green-house3 for on both sides1 up to the ceiling1 stood all manner of rare wondrous flowers1 nay1 great trees with strangely-formed leaves and blossoms4 ,a magic dazzling light shone over the whole1 though you could not discover whence it came1 for no window whatever was to be seen4 ,as the student ,anselmus looked in through the bushes and trees1 long avenues appeared to open in remote distance4 ,in the deep shade of thick cypress groves lay glittering marble fountains1 out of which rose wondrous figures1 spouting crystal jets that fell with pattering spray into gleaming lily-cups2 strange voices cooed and rustled through the wood of curious trees2 and sweetest perfumes streamed up and down4 ,the ,archivarius had vanished1 and ,anselmus saw nothing but a huge bush of glowing fire-lilies before him4 ,intoxicated with the sight and the fine odors of this fairy-garden1 ,anselmus stood fixed to the spot4 ,then began on all sides of him a giggling and laughing2 and light little voices railed and mocked him3 ,herr ,studiosus6 ,herr ,studiosus6 ,where are you coming from8 ,why are you dressed so bravely1 ,herr ,anselmus8 ,will you chat with us for a minute1 how grandmammy sat squatting down upon the egg1 and young master got a stain on his ,sunday waistcoat8--,can you play the new tune1 now1 which you learned from ,daddy ,cocka-doodle1 ,herr ,anselmus8--,you look very fine in your glass periwig1 and post-paper boots4 ,so cried and chattered and sniggered the little voices1 out of every corner1 nay1 close by the student himself1 who but now observed that all sorts of party-colored birds were fluttering above him and jeering him in hearty laughter4 ,at that moment the bush of fire-lilies advanced toward him2 and he perceived that it was ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 whose flowered nightgown1 glittering in red and yellow1 had so far deceived his eyes4 ,i beg your pardon1 worthy ,herr ,anselmus1 said the ,archivarius1 for leaving you alone2 ,i wished1 in passing1 to take a peep at my fine cactus1 which is to blossom tonight4 ,but how like you my little house-garden8 ,ah1 ,heaven6 ,immeasurably pretty it is1 most valued ,herr ,archivarius1 replied the student2 but those party-colored birds have been bantering me a little4 ,what wishy-washy is this8 cried the ,archivarius angrily into the bushes4 ,then a huge gray parrot came fluttering out1 and perched itself beside the ,archivarius on a myrtle-bough2 and looking at him with an uncommon earnestness and gravity through a pair of spectacles that stuck on his hooked bill1 it shrilled out3 ,don't take it amiss1 ,herr ,archivarius2 my wild boys have been a little free or so2 but the ,herr ,studiosus has himself to blame in the matter1 for---- ,hush6 hush6 interrupted ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 ,i know the varlets2 but thou must keep them in better discipline1 my friend6--,now1 come along1 ,herr ,anselmus4 ,and the ,archivarius again stepped forth1 through many a strangely-decorated chamber2 so that the student ,anselmus1 in following him1 could scarcely give a glance at all the glittering wondrous furniture1 and other unknown things1 with which the whole of them were filled4 ,at last they entered a large apartment1 where the ,archivarius1 casting his eyes aloft1 stood still2 and ,anselmus got time to feast himself on the glorious sight which the simple decoration of this hall afforded4 ,jutting from the azure-colored walls rose gold-bronze trunks of high palm-trees1 which wove their colossal leaves1 glittering like bright emeralds1 into a ceiling far up2 in the middle of the chamber1 and resting on three ,egyptian lions1 cast out of dark bronze1 lay a porphyry plate2 and on this stood a simple ,golden ,pot1 from which1 so soon as he beheld it1 ,anselmus could not turn away an eye4 ,it was as if1 in a thousand gleaming reflections1 all sorts of shapes were sporting on the bright polished gold2 often he perceived his own form1 with arms stretched out in longing--ah6 beneath the elder-bush--and ,serpentina was winding and shooting up and down1 and again looking at him with her kind eyes4 ,anselmus was beside himself with frantic rapture4 ,serpentina6 ,serpentina6 cried he aloud2 and ,archivarius ,lindhorst whirled round abruptly1 and said3 ,how now1 worthy ,herr ,anselmus8 ,if ,i mistake not1 you were pleased to call for my daughter2 she is way in the other side of the house at present1 and indeed just taking her lesson on the harpsichord4 ,let us go over4 ,anselmus1 scarcely knowing what he did1 followed his conductor2 he saw or heard nothing more1 till ,archivarius ,lindhorst suddenly grasped his hand1 and said3 ,here is the place6 ,anselmus awoke as from a dream1 and now perceived that he was in a high room1 all lined on every side with book-shelves1 and nowise differing from a common library and study4 ,in the middle stood a large writing-table1 with a stuffed arm-chair before it4 ,this1 said ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 is your work-room for the present3 whether you may work1 some other time1 in the blue library1 also where you so suddenly called out my daughter's name1 ,i yet know not4 ,but now ,i could wish to convince myself of your ability to execute this task appointed to you1 in the way ,i wish it and need it4 ,the student here gathered full courage2 and not without internal self-complacence in the certainty of highly gratifying ,archivarius ,lindhorst through his extraordinary talents1 pulled out his drawings and specimens of penmanship from his pocket4 ,but no sooner had the ,archivarius cast his eye on the first leaf1 a piece of writing in the finest ,english style1 than he smiled very oddly1 and shook his head4 ,these motions he repeated at every following leaf1 so that the student ,anselmus felt the blood mounting to his face2 and at last1 when the smile became quite sarcastic and contemptuous1 he broke out in downright vexation3 ,the ,herr ,archivarius does not seem contented with my poor talents4 ,dear ,herr ,anselmus1 said ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 you have indeed fine capacities for the art of calligraphy2 but1 in the meanwhile1 it is clear enough1 ,i must reckon more on your diligence and good-will than on your capacity4 ,the student ,anselmus spoke largely of his often-acknowledged perfection in this art1 of his fine ,chinese ink1 and most select crow-quills4 ,but ,archivarius ,lindhorst handed him the ,english sheet1 and said3 ,be judge yourself6 ,anselmus felt as if struck by a thunderbolt1 to see his handwriting look so3 it was miserable1 beyond measure4 ,there was no rounding in the turns1 no hair-stroke where it should be2 no proportion between the capital and single letters2 nay1 villainous school-boy pot-hooks often spoiled the best lines4 ,and then1 continued ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 your ink will not stand4 ,he dipped his finger in a glass of water1 and as he just skimmed it over the lines they vanished without vestige4 ,the student ,anselmus felt as if some monster were throttling him2 he could not utter a word4 ,there stood he with the unlucky sheet in his hand2 but ,archivarius ,lindhorst laughed aloud1 and said3 ,never mind it1 dearest ,herr ,anselmus2 what you could not accomplish before1 will perhaps do better here4 ,at any rate1 you shall have better materials than you have been accustomed to4 ,begin1 in ,heaven's name6 ,from a locked press ,archivarius ,lindhorst now brought out a black fluid substance1 which diffused a most peculiar odor2 also pens1 sharply pointed and of strange color1 together with a sheet of especial whiteness and smoothness2 then at last an ,arabic manuscript2 and as ,anselmus sat down to work1 the ,archivarius left the room4 ,the student ,anselmus had often before copied ,arabic manuscripts2 the first problem1 therefore1 seemed to him not so very difficult to solve4 ,how these pot-hooks came into my fine ,english current-hand1 ,heaven and ,archivarius ,lindhorst know best1 said he2 but that they are not from my hand1 ,i will testify to the death6 ,at every new word that stood fair and perfect on the parchment1 his courage increased1 and with it his adroitness4 ,in truth1 these pens wrote exquisitely well2 and the mysterious ink flowed pliantly and black as jet1 on the bright white parchment4 ,and as he worked along so diligently and with such strained attention1 he began to feel more and more at home in the solitary room2 and already he had quite fitted himself into his task1 which he now hoped to finish well1 when at the stroke of three the ,archivarius called him into the side-room to a savory dinner4 ,at table1 ,archivarius ,lindhorst was in special gaiety of heart2 he inquired about the student ,anselmus' friends1 ,conrector ,paulmann1 and ,registrator ,heerbrand1 and of the latter especially he had a store of merry anecdotes to tell4 ,the good old ,rhenish was particularly grateful to the student ,anselmus1 and made him more talkative than he was wont to be4 ,at the stroke of four he rose to resume his labor2 and this punctuality appeared to please the ,archivarius4 ,if the copying of these ,arabic manuscripts had prospered in his hands before dinner1 the task now went forward much better2 nay1 he could not himself comprehend the rapidity and ease with which he succeeded in transcribing the twisted strokes of this foreign character4 ,but it was as if1 in his inmost soul1 a voice were whispering in audible words3 ,ah6 couldst thou accomplish it wert thou not thinking of her1 didst thou not believe in her and in her love8 ,then there floated whispers1 as in low1 low1 waving crystal tones1 through the room3 ,i am near1 near1 near6 ,i help thee2 be bold1 be steadfast1 dear ,anselmus6 ,i toil with thee1 that thou mayest be mine6 ,and as1 in the fulness of secret rapture1 he caught these sounds1 the unknown characters grew clearer and clearer to him2 he scarcely required to look on the original at all2 nay1 it was as if the letters were already standing in pale ink on the parchment1 and he had nothing more to do than mark them black4 ,so did he labor on1 encompassed with dear1 consoling tones as with soft1 sweet breath1 till the clock struck six1 and ,archivarius ,lindhorst entered the room4 ,he came forward to the table1 with a singular smile2 ,anselmus rose in silence2 the ,archivarius still looked at him1 with that mocking smile2 but no sooner had he glanced over the copy than the smile passed into deep1 solemn earnestness1 which every feature of his face adapted itself to express4 ,he seemed no longer the same4 ,his eyes1 which usually gleamed with sparkling fire1 now looked with unutterable mildness at ,anselmus2 a soft red tinted the pale cheeks2 and instead of the irony which at other times compressed the mouth1 the softly-curved1 graceful lips now seemed to be opening for wise and soul-persuading speech4 ,the whole form was higher1 statelier2 the wide nightgown spread itself like a royal mantle in broad folds over his breast and shoulders2 and through the white locks1 which lay on his high open brow1 there was wound a thin band of gold4 ,young man1 began the ,archivarius in solemn tone1 before thou thoughtest of it1 ,i knew thee1 and all the secret relations which bind thee to the dearest and holiest ,i have on earth6 ,serpentina loves thee2 a singular destiny1 whose fateful threads were spun by hostile powers1 is fulfilled should she be thine and thou obtain1 as an essential dowry1 the ,golden ,pot1 which of right belongs to her4 ,but only from effort and contest can thy happiness in the higher life arise2 hostile ,principles assail thee2 and only the interior force with which thou shalt withstand these assaults can save thee from disgrace and ruin4 ,whilst laboring here thou art passing your apprenticeship2 belief and full knowledge will lead thee to the near goal1 if thou but hold fast what thou hast well begun4 ,bear her always and truly in thy thoughts1 her who loves thee2 then shalt thou see the marvels of the ,golden ,pot1 and be happy forevermore4 ,fare thee well6 ,archivarius ,lindhorst expects thee tomorrow at noon in thy cabinet4 ,fare thee well6 ,with these words ,archivarius ,lindhorst softly pushed the student ,anselmus out of the door1 which he then locked2 and ,anselmus found himself in the chamber where he had dined1 the single door of which led out to the lobby4 ,altogether stupified with these strange phenomena1 the student ,anselmus stood lingering at the street-door2 he heard a window open above him1 and looked up3 it was ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 quite the old man again1 in his light-gray gown1 as he usually appeared4 ,the ,archivarius called to him3 ,hey1 worthy ,herr ,anselmus1 what are you studying over there8 ,tush1 the ,arabic is still in your head4 ,my compliments to ,herr ,conrector ,paulmann1 if you see him2 and come tomorrow precisely at noon4 ,the fee for this day is lying in your right waistcoat-pocket4 ,the student ,anselmus actually found the clear speziesthaler in the pocket indicated2 but he took no joy in it4 ,what is to come of all this1 said he to himself1 ,i know not2 but if it be some mad delusion and conjuring work that has laid hold of me1 the dear ,serpentina still lives and moves in my inward heart1 and rather than leave her ,i will perish altogether2 for ,i know that the thought in me is eternal1 and no hostile ,principle can take it from me2 and what else is this thought but ,serpentina's love8 ,,eighth ,,vigil ,the ,library of the ,palm-trees4 ,fortunes of an unhappy ,salamander4 ,how the ,black ,quill caressed a ,parsnip1 and ,registrator ,heerbrand was much overcome with ,liqueur4 ,the student ,anselmus had now worked several days with ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 these working hours were for him the happiest of his life2 ever encircled with the lovely tone of ,serpentina's encouraging words1 he was filled and overflowed with a pure delight1 which often rose to highest rapture4 ,every strait1 every little care of his needy existence1 had vanished from his thoughts2 and in the new life which had risen on him as in serene sunny splendor1 he comprehended all the wonders of a higher world1 which before had filled him with astonishment1 nay1 with dread4 ,his copying proceeded rapidly and lightly1 for he felt more and more as if he were writing characters long known to him2 and he scarcely needed to cast his eye upon the manuscript1 while copying it all with the greatest exactness4 ,except at the hour of dinner1 ,archivarius ,lindhorst seldom made his appearance1 and this always precisely at the moment when ,anselmus had finished the last letter of some manuscript2 then the ,archivarius would hand him another1 and1 directly after1 leave him without uttering a word1 having first stirred the ink with a little black rod and changed the old pens with new sharp-pointed ones4 ,one day1 when ,anselmus1 at the stroke of twelve1 had as usual mounted the stairs1 he found the door through which he commonly entered1 standing locked2 and ,archivarius ,lindhorst came forward from the other side1 dressed in his strange flower-figured nightgown4 ,he called aloud3 ,today come this way1 dear ,anselmus2 for we must to the chamber where ,bhogovotgita's masters are waiting for us4 ,he stepped along the corridor1 and led ,anselmus through the same chambers and halls as at the first visit4 ,the student ,anselmus again felt astonished at the marvelous beauty of the garden2 but he now perceived that many of the strange flowers1 hanging on the dark bushes1 were in truth insects gleaming with lordly colors1 hovering up and down with their little wings as they danced and whirled in clusters1 caressing one another with their antennae4 ,on the other hand again1 the rose and azure-colored birds were odoriferous flowers2 and the perfume which they scattered mounted from their cups in low1 lovely tones1 which1 with the gurgling of distant fountains1 and the sighing of the high shrubs and trees1 melted into mysterious harmonies of a deep unutterable longing4 ,the mocking-birds1 which had so jeered and flouted him before1 were again fluttering to and fro over his head and crying incessantly with their sharp1 small voices3 ,herr ,studiosus1 ,herr ,studiosus1 don't be in such a hurry6 ,don't peep into the clouds so6 ,you may fall on your nose--,he1 he6 ,herr ,studiosus1 put your powder-mantle on2 cousin ,screech-,owl will frizzle your toupee4 ,and so it went along1 in all manner of stupid chatter1 till ,anselmus left the garden4 ,archivarius ,lindhorst at last stepped into the azure chamber2 the porphyry1 with the ,golden ,pot1 was gone2 instead of it1 in the middle of the room1 stood a table overhung with violet-colored satin1 upon which lay the writing-materials already known to ,anselmus2 and a stuffed arm-chair1 covered with the same sort of cloth1 was placed before it4 ,dear ,herr ,anselmus1 said ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 you have now copied me a number of manuscripts1 rapidly and correctly1 to my no small contentment3 you have gained my confidence2 but the hardest is yet to come2 and that is the transcribing or rather painting of certain works after the original1 composed of peculiar signs2 ,i keep them in this room1 and they can be copied only on the spot4 ,you will1 therefore1 in future1 work here2 but ,i must recommend to you the greatest foresight and attention2 a false stroke1 or1 which may ,heaven forefend1 a blot let fall on the original1 will plunge you into misfortune4 ,anselmus observed that from the golden trunks of the palm-trees1 little emerald leaves projected3 one of these leaves the ,archivarius took hold of2 and ,anselmus could not but perceive that the leaf was in truth a roll of parchment1 which the ,archivarius unfolded and spread out before the student on the table4 ,anselmus wondered not a little at these strangely intertwisted characters2 and as he looked over the many points1 strokes1 dashes1 and twirls in the manuscript1 which seemed to represent either plants or mosses or animal figures1 he almost lost hope of ever copying it4 ,he fell into deep thought on the subject4 ,be of courage1 young man6 cried the ,archivarius2 if thou hast sterling faith and true love1 ,serpentina will help thee4 ,his voice sounded like ringing metal2 and as ,anselmus looked up in utter terror1 ,archivarius ,lindhorst was standing before him in the kingly form1 which1 during the first visit1 he had assumed in the library4 ,anselmus felt as if in his deep reverence he could not but sink on his knee2 but the ,archivarius stepped up the trunk of a palm-tree1 and vanished aloft among the emerald leaves4 ,the student ,anselmus understood that the ,prince of the ,spirits had been speaking with him1 and was now gone up to his study2 perhaps intending to advise with the beams which some of the planets had dispatched to him as envoys1 on what was to become of ,anselmus and ,serpentina4 ,it may be too1 thought he further1 that he is expecting news from the ,springs of the ,nile2 or that some magician from ,lapland is paying him a visit2 me it behooves to set diligently about my task4 ,and with this1 he began studying the foreign characters in the roll of parchment4 ,the strange music of the garden sounded over to him and encircled him with sweet lovely odors2 the mocking-birds too he still heard chirping and twittering1 but could not distinguish their words--a thing which greatly pleased him4 ,at times also it was as if the emerald leaves of the palm-trees were rustling1 and as if the clear crystal tones1 which ,anselmus on that fateful ,ascension-day had heard under the elder-bush1 were beaming and flitting through the room4 ,wonderfully strengthened by this shining and tinkling1 the student ,anselmus directed his eyes and thoughts more and more intensely on the superscription of the parchment roll2 and ere long he felt1 as it were from his inmost soul1 that the characters could denote nothing else than these words3 ,of the marriage of the ,salamander with the green ,snake4 ,then resounded a louder triphony of clear crystal bells2 ,anselmus6 dear ,anselmus6 floated to him from the leaves2 and1 ,o wonder6 on the trunk of the palm-tree the green ,snake came winding down4 ,serpentina6 ,serpentina6 cried ,anselmus1 in the madness of highest rapture2 for as he gazed more earnestly1 it was in truth a lovely1 glorious maiden that1 looking at him with those dark-blue eyes1 full of inexpressible longing1 as they lived in his heart1 was hovering down to meet him4 ,the leaves seemed to jut out and expand2 on every hand were prickles sprouting from the trunks2 but ,serpentina twisted and wound herself deftly through them2 and so drew her fluttering robe1 framing her as if in changeful colors1 along with her1 that1 playing round the dainty form1 it nowhere caught on the projecting points and prickles of the palm-trees4 ,she sat down by ,anselmus on the same chair1 clasping him with her arm1 and pressing him toward her1 so that he felt the breath which came from her lips1 and the electric warmth of her frame4 ,dear ,anselmus6 began ,serpentina1 thou shalt now soon be wholly mine2 by thy faith1 by thy ,love thou shalt obtain me1 and ,i will bring thee the ,golden ,pot1 which shall make us both happy forevermore4 ,o thou kind1 lovely ,serpentina6 said ,anselmus4 ,if ,i have but thee1 what care ,i for all else6 ,if thou art but mine1 ,i will joyfully give in to all the wondrous mysteries that have beset me ever since the moment when ,i first saw thee4 ,i know1 continued ,serpentina1 that the strange and mysterious things with which my father1 often merely in the sport of his humor1 has surrounded thee1 have raised horror and dread in thy mind2 but now1 ,i hope1 it shall be so no more2 for ,i came now only to tell thee1 dear ,anselmus1 from the bottom of my heart and soul1 all and sundry to a tittle that thou needest to know for understanding my father1 and so learn the real condition of both of us4 ,anselmus felt as if he were so wholly clasped and encircled by the gentle1 lovely form1 that only with her could he move and stir1 and as if it were but the beating of her pulse that throbbed through his nerves and fibres2 he listened to each one of her words which penetrated his inmost heart1 and1 like a burning ray1 kindled in him the rapture of ,heaven4 ,he had put his arm round that daintier than dainty waist2 but the changeful glistering cloth of her robe was so smooth and slippery that it seemed to him as if she could at any moment wind herself from his arms1 and glide away4 ,he trembled at the thought4 ,ah1 do not leave me1 sweet ,serpentina6 cried he involuntarily2 thou alone art my life4 ,not now1 said ,serpentina1 till ,i have told thee all that in thy love of me thou canst comprehend4 ,know then1 dearest1 that my father is sprung from the wondrous race of the ,salamanders2 and that ,i owe my existence to his love for the green ,snake4 ,in primeval times1 in the ,fairyland ,atlantis1 the potent ,spirit-prince ,phosphorus bore rule2 and to him the ,salamanders1 and other ,spirits of the ,elements1 were plighted4 ,once on a time1 the ,salamander1 whom he loved before all others 7it was my father71 chanced to be walking in the stately garden1 which ,phosphorus' mother had decked in the lordliest fashion with her best gifts2 and the ,salamander heard a tall ,lily singing in low tones3 ,press down thy little eyelids1 till my ,lover1 the ,morning-wind1 awake thee4' ,he stepped toward it3 touched by his glowing breath1 the ,lily opened her leaves2 and he saw the ,lily's daughter1 the green ,snake1 lying asleep in the hollow of the flower4 ,then was the ,salamander inflamed with warm love for the fair ,snake2 and he carried her away from the ,lily1 whose perfumes in nameless lamentation vainly called for her beloved daughter throughout all the garden4 ,for the ,salamander had borne her into the palace of ,phosphorus1 and was there beseeching him3 ',wed me with my beloved1 for she shall be mine forevermore4' ',madman1 what askest thou6' said the ,prince of the ,spirits2 'know that once the ,lily was my mistress1 and bore rule with me2 but the ,spark1 which ,i cast into her1 threatened to annihilate the fair ,lily2 and only my victory over the black ,dragon1 whom now the ,spirits of the ,earth hold in fetters1 maintains her1 that her leaves continue strong enough to inclose this ,spark and preserve it within them4 ,but when thou claspest the green ,snake1 thy fire will consume her frame2 and a new ,being1 rapidly arising from her dust1 will soar away and leave thee4' ,the ,salamander heeded not the warning of the ,spirit-prince3 full of longing ardor he folded the green ,snake in his arms2 she crumbled into ashes2 a winged ,being1 born from her dust1 soared away through the sky4 ,then the madness of desperation caught the ,salamander1 and he ran through the garden1 throwing forth fire and flames1 and wasted it in his wild fury1 till its fairest flowers and blossoms hung down1 blackened and scathed1 and their lamentation filled the air4 ,the indignant ,prince of the ,spirits1 in his wrath1 laid hold of the ,salamander1 and said3 ',thy fire has burnt out1 thy flames are extinguished1 thy rays darkened2 sink down to the ,spirits of the ,earth2 let these mock and jeer thee1 and keep thee captive1 till the ,fire-element shall again kindle and beam up with thee as with a new being from the ,earth4' ,the poor ,salamander sank down extinguished2 but now the testy old ,earth-spirit1 who was ,phosphorus' gardener1 came forth and said3 ',master6 who has greater cause to complain of the ,salamander than ,i8 ,had not all the fair flowers1 which he has burnt1 been decorated with my gayest metals2 had ,i not stoutly nursed and tended their seeds1 and spent many a fair hue on their leaves8 ,and yet ,i must pity the poor ,salamander2 for it was but love1 in which thou1 ,o ,master1 hast full often been entangled1 that drove him to despair and made him desolate the garden4 ,remit him the too harsh punishment6'--',his fire is for the present extinguished1' said the ,prince of the ,spirits2 'but in the hapless time1 when the ,speech of ,nature shall no longer be intelligible to degenerate man2 when the ,spirits of the ,elements1 banished into their own regions1 shall speak to him only from afar1 in faint1 spent echoes2 when1 displaced from the harmonious circle1 an infinite longing alone shall give him tidings of the ,land of ,marvels1 which he once might inhabit while ,faith and ,love still dwelt in his soul--in this hapless time the fire of the ,salamander shall again kindle2 but only to manhood shall he be permitted to rise1 and1 entering wholly into man's necessitous existence1 he shall learn to endure its wants and oppressions4 ,yet not only shall the remembrance of his first state continue with him1 but he shall again rise into the sacred harmony of all ,nature2 he shall understand its wonders1 and the power of his fellow-spirits shall stand at his behest4 ,then1 too1 in a ,lily-bush1 shall he find the green ,snake again1 and the fruit of his marriage with her shall be three daughters1 which1 to men1 shall appear in the form of their mother4 ,in the spring season these shall disport them in the dark ,elder-bush1 and sound with their lovely crystal voices4 ,and then if1 in that needy and mean age of inward obduracy1 there shall be found a youth who understands their song2 nay1 if one of the little ,snakes look at him with her kind eyes2 if the look awaken in him forecastings of the distant1 wondrous ,land1 to which1 having cast away the burden of the ,common1 he can courageously soar2 if1 with love to the ,snake1 there rise in him belief in the ,wonders of ,nature1 nay1 in his own existence amid these ,wonders--then the ,snake shall be his4 ,but not till three youths of this sort have been found and wedded to the three daughters1 may the ,salamander cast away his heavy burden1 and return to his brothers4'--',permit me1 ,master1' said the ,earth-spirit1 'to make these three daughters a present1 which may glorify their life with the husbands they shall find4 ,let each of them receive from me a ,pot1 of the fairest metal which ,i have2 ,i will polish it with beams borrowed from the diamond2 in its glitter shall our ,kingdom of ,wonders1 as it now exists in the ,harmony of universal ,nature1 be mirrored in glorious dazzling reflection2 and from its interior1 on the day of marriage1 shall spring forth a ,fire-lily1 whose eternal blossom shall encircle the youth that is found worthy1 with sweet wafting odors4 ,soon too shall he learn its speech1 and understand the wonders of our kingdom1 and dwell with his beloved in ,atlantis itself4' ,thou perceivest well1 dear ,anselmus1 that the ,salamander of whom ,i speak is no other than my father4 ,spite of his higher nature1 he was forced to subject himself to the paltriest afflictions of common life2 and hence1 indeed1 often comes the mischievous humor with which he vexes many4 ,he has told me now and then1 that1 for the inward make of mind1 which the ,spirit-prince ,phosphorus required as a condition of marriage with me and my sisters1 men have a name at present1 which1 in truth1 they frequently enough misapply3 they call it a childlike poetic mind4 ,this mind1 he says1 is often found in youths1 who1 by reason of their high simplicity of manners and their total want of what is called knowledge of the world1 are mocked by the populace4 ,ah1 dear ,anselmus1 beneath the ,elder-bush thou understoodest my song1 my look2 thou lovest the green ,snake1 thou believest in me1 and wilt be mine forevermore6 ,the fair ,lily will bloom forth from the ,golden ,pot2 and we shall dwell1 happy1 and united1 and blessed1 in ,atlantis together6 ,yet ,i must not hide from thee that in its deadly battle with the ,salamanders and ,spirits of the ,earth1 the black ,dragon burst from their grasp and hurried off through the air4 ,phosphorus1 indeed1 again holds him in fetters2 but from the black ,quills1 which1 in the struggle1 rained down on the ground1 there sprung up hostile ,spirits1 which on all hands set themselves against the ,salamanders and ,spirits of the ,earth4 ,that woman who so hates thee1 dear ,anselmus1 and who1 as my father knows full well1 is striving for possession of the ,golden ,pot2 that woman owes her existence to the love of such a ,quill 7plucked in battle from the ,dragon's wing7 for a certain ,parsnip beside which it dropped4 ,she knows her origin and her power2 for1 in the moans and convulsions of the captive ,dragon1 the secrets of many a mysterious constellation are revealed to her2 and she uses every means and effort to work from the ,outward into the ,inward and unseen2 while my father1 with the beams which shoot forth from the spirit of the ,salamander1 withstands and subdues her4 ,all the baneful principles which lurk in deadly herbs and poisonous beasts1 she collects2 and1 mixing them under favorable constellations1 raises therewith many a wicked spell1 which overwhelms the soul of man with fear and trembling1 and subjects him to the power of those ,demons1 produced from the ,dragon when it yielded in battle4 ,beware of that old woman1 dear ,anselmus6 ,she hates thee because thy childlike1 pious character has annihilated many of her wicked charms4 ,keep true1 true to me2 soon art thou at the goal6 ,o my ,serpentina6 my own ,serpentina6 cried the student ,anselmus1 how could ,i leave thee1 how should ,i not love thee forever6 ,a kiss was burning on his lips2 he awoke as from a deep dream2 ,serpentina had vanished2 six o'clock was striking1 and it fell heavy on his heart that today he had not copied a single stroke4 ,full of anxiety1 and dreading reproaches from the ,archivarius1 he looked into the sheet2 and1 ,o wonder6 the copy of the mysterious manuscript was fairly concluded2 and he thought1 on viewing the characters more narrowly1 that the writing was nothing else but ,serpentina's story of her father1 the favorite of the ,spirit-prince ,phosphorus1 in ,atlantis1 the ,land of ,marvels4 ,and now entered ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 in his light-gray surtout1 with hat and staff2 he looked into the parchment on which ,anselmus had been writing1 took a large pinch of snuff1 and said with a smile ,just as ,i thought6--,well1 ,herr ,anselmus1 here is your speziesthaler2 we will now to the ,linke ,bath2 do but follow me6 ,the ,archivarius stepped rapidly through the garden1 in which there was such a din of singing1 whistling1 talking1 that the student ,anselmus was quite deafened with it and thanked ,heaven when he found himself on the street4 ,scarcely had they walked a few paces when they met ,registrator ,heerbrand1 who companionably joined them4 ,at the ,gate1 they filled their pipes1 which they had about them2 ,registrator ,heerbrand complained that he had left his tinder-box behind1 and could not strike fire4 ,fire6 cried ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 scornfully2 here is fire enough1 and to spare6 ,and with this he snapped his fingers1 out of which came streams of sparks and directly kindled the pipes4--,do but observe the chemical knack of some men6 said ,registrator ,heerbrand2 but the student ,anselmus thought1 not without internal awe1 of the ,salamander and his history4 ,in the ,linke ,bath1 ,registrator ,heerbrand drank so much strong double beer that at last1 though usually a good-natured1 quiet man1 he began singing student songs in squeaking tenor2 he asked every one sharply whether he was his friend or not2 and at last had to be taken home by the student ,anselmus1 long after ,archivarius had gone his way4 ,,ninth ,,vigil ,how the student ,anselmus attained to some ,sense4 ,the ,punch ,parts4 ,how the student ,anselmus took ,conrector ,paulmann for a ,screech-,owl1 and the latter felt much hurt at it4 ,the ,ink-blot1 and its ,consequences4 ,the strange and mysterious things which day by day befell the student ,anselmus had entirely withdrawn him from every-day life4 ,he no longer visited any of his friends1 and waited every morning with impatience for the hour of noon1 which was to unlock his paradise4 ,and yet while his whole soul was turned to the sweet ,serpentina and the wonders of ,archivarius ,lindhorst's fairy kingdom1 he could not help now and then thinking of ,veronica2 nay1 often it seemed as if she came before him and confessed with blushes how heartily she loved him1 how much she longed to rescue him from the phantoms which were mocking and befooling him4 ,at times he felt as if a foreign power1 suddenly breaking in on his mind1 were drawing him with resistless force to the forgotten ,veronica2 as if he must needs follow her whither she pleased to lead him1 nay1 as if he were bound to her by ties that would not break4 ,that very night after ,serpentina had first appeared to him in the form of a lovely maiden1 after the wondrous secret of the ,salamander's nuptials with the green ,snake had been disclosed1 ,veronica1 came before him more vividly than ever4 ,nay1 not till he awoke was he clearly aware that he had been but dreaming2 for he had felt persuaded that ,veronica was actually beside him1 complaining with an expression of keen sorrow1 which pierced through his inmost soul1 that he should sacrifice her deep1 true love to fantastic visions1 which only the distemper of his mind called into being1 and which1 moreover1 would at last prove his ruin4 ,veronica was lovelier than he had ever seen her2 he could not drive her from his thoughts3 and in this perplexed and contradictory mood he hastened out1 hoping to get rid of it by a morning walk4 ,a secret magic influence led him on to the ,pirna gate2 he was just turning into a cross street1 when ,conrector ,paulmann1 coming after him1 cried out3 ,ey6 ,ey6--,dear ,herr ,anselmus6--,amice6 ,amice6 ,where1 in ,heaven's name1 have you been buried so long8 ,we never see you at all4 ,do you know1 ,veronica is longing very much to have another song with you6 ,so come along2 you were just on the road to me1 at any rate4 ,the student ,anselmus1 constrained by this friendly violence1 went along with the ,conrector4 ,on entering the house they were met by ,veronica1 attired with such neatness and attention that ,conrector ,paulmann1 full of amazement1 asked her3 ,why so decked1 ,mam'sell8 ,were you expecting visitors8 ,well1 here ,i bring you ,herr ,anselmus4 ,the student ,anselmus1 in daintily and elegantly kissing ,veronica's hand felt a small soft pressure from it1 which shot like a stream of fire over all his frame4 ,veronica was cheerfulness1 was grace itself2 and when ,paulmann left them for his study1 she contrived1 by all manner of rogueries and waggeries1 so to uplift the student ,anselmus that he at last quite forgot his bashfulness1 and jigged round the room with the light-headed maiden4 ,but here again the ,demon of ,awkwardness got hold of him2 he jolted a table1 and ,veronica's pretty little work-box fell to the floor4 ,anselmus picked it up2 the lid had sprung1 and a little round metallic mirror was glittering on him1 into which he looked with peculiar delight4 ,veronica glided softly up to him1 laid her hand on his arm1 and1 pressing close to him1 looked over his shoulder into the mirror also4 ,and now ,anselmus felt as if a battle were beginning in his soul2 thoughts1 images flashed out--,archivarius ,lindhorst--,serpentina--the green ,snake--at last the tumult abated1 and all this chaos arranged and shaped itself into distinct consciousness4 ,it was now clear to him that he had always thought of ,veronica alone2 nay1 that the form which had yesterday appeared to him in the blue chamber had been no other than ,veronica2 and that the wild legend of the ,salamander's marriage with the green ,snake had merely been written down by him from the manuscript1 but nowise related in his hearing4 ,he wondered not a little at all these dreams and ascribed them solely to the heated state of mind into which ,veronica's love had brought him1 as well as to his working with ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 in whose rooms there were1 besides1 so many strangely intoxicating odors4 ,he could not but laugh heartily at the mad whim of falling in love with a little green ,snake and taking a well-fed ,privy ,archivarius for a ,salamander3 ,yes1 ,yes6 ,it is ,veronica6 cried he aloud2 but on turning his head around he looked right into ,veronica's blue eyes1 from which warmest love was beaming4 ,a faint soft ,ah6 escaped her lips1 which at that moment were burning on his4 ,o happy ,i6 sighed the enraptured student3 ,what ,i yesternight but dreamed1 is in very deed mine today4 ,but wilt thou really wed me1 then1 when thou art ,hofrat8 said ,veronica4 ,that ,i will1 replied the student ,anselmus2 and just then the door creaked1 and ,conrector ,paulmann entered with the words3 ,now1 dear ,herr ,anselmus1 ,i will not let you go today4 ,you will put up with a bad dinner2 then ,veronica will make us delightful coffee1 which we shall drink with ,registrator ,heerbrand1 for he promised to come hither4 ,all1 best ,herr ,conrector6 answered the student ,anselmus1 are you not aware that ,i must go to ,archivarius ,lindhorst's and copy8 ,look you1 ,amice6 said ,conrector ,paulmann1 holding up his watch1 which pointed to half-past twelve4 ,the student ,anselmus saw clearly that he was much too late for ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 and he complied with the ,corrector's wishes the more readily as he might now hope to look at ,veronica the whole day long1 to obtain many a stolen glance and little squeeze of the hand1 nay1 even to succeed in conquering a kiss--so high had the student ,anselmus' desires now mounted2 he felt more and more contented in soul1 the more fully he convinced himself that he should soon be delivered from all the fantastic imaginations1 which really might have made a sheer idiot of him4 ,registrator ,heerbrand came1 as he had promised1 after dinner2 and coffee being over1 and the dusk come on1 the ,registrator1 his face puckering up to a smile and gaily rubbing his hands1 signified that he had something about him which1 if mingled and reduced to form1 as it were paged and titled1 by ,veronica's fair hands1 might be pleasant to them all1 on this ,october evening4 ,come out1 then1 with this mysterious substance which you carry with1 you1 most valued ,registrator1 cried ,conrector ,paulmann4 ,then ,registrator ,heerbrand shoved his hand into his deep pocket1 and at three journeys brought out a bottle of arrack1 some citrons1 and a quantity of sugar4 ,before half an hour had passed1 a savory bowl of punch was smoking on ,paulmann's table4 ,veronica served the beverage2 and ere long there was plenty of gay1 good-natured chat among the friends4 ,but the student ,anselmus1 as the spirit of the punch mounted into his head1 felt all the images of those wondrous things1 which for some time he had experienced1 again coming through his mind4 ,he saw the ,archivarius in his damask nightgown1 which glittered like phosphorus2 he saw the azure room1 the golden palm-trees2 nay1 it now seemed to him as if he must still believe in ,serpentina2 there was a fermentation1 a conflicting tumult in his soul4 ,veronica handed him a glass of punch2 and in taking it1 he gently touched her hand4 ,serpentina6 ,veronica6 sighed he to himself4 ,he sank into deep dreams2 but ,registrator ,heerbrand cried quite aloud3 ,a strange old gentleman1 whom nobody can fathom1 he is and will be1 this ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,well1 long life to him6 ,your glass1 ,herr ,anselmus6 ,then the student ,anselmus awoke from his dreams1 and said1 as he touched glasses with ,registrator ,heerbrand ,that proceeds1 respected ,herr ,registrator1 from the circumstance that ,archivarius ,lindhorst is in reality a ,salamander1 who wasted in his fury the ,spirit-prince ,phosphorus' garden1 because the green ,snake had flown away from him4 ,how8 ,what8 inquired ,conrector ,paulmann4 ,yes1 continued the student ,anselmus2 and for this reason he is now forced to be a ,royal ,archivarius1 and to keep house here in ,dresden with his three daughters1 who1 after all1 are nothing more than little gold-green ,snakes1 that bask in elder-bushes1 and traitorously sing1 and seduce away young people1 like so many sirens4 ,herr ,anselmus6 ,herr ,anselmus6 cried ,conrector ,paulmann1 is there a crack in your brain8 ,in ,heaven's name1 what monstrous stuff is this you are babbling8 ,he is right1 interrupted ,registrator ,heerbrand2 that fellow1 that ,archivarius1 is a cursed ,salamander1 and strikes you fiery snips from his fingers1 which burn holes in your surtout like red-hot tinder4 ,ay1 ay1 thou art in the right1 brotherkin ,anselmus2 and whoever says ,no1 is saying ,no to me6 ,and at these words ,registrator ,heerbrand struck the table with his fist1 till the glasses rattled4 ,registrator6 ,are you crazy8 cried the angry ,conrector4 ,herr ,studiosus1 ,herr ,studiosus6 ,what is this you are about again8 ,ah6 said the student1 you too are nothing but a bird1 a screech-owl1 that frizzles toupees1 ,herr ,conrector6 ,what6--,i a bird8--screech-owl1 a frizzler8 cried the ,conrector1 full of indignation2 ,sir1 you are mad1 born mad6 ,but the crone will get a clutch of him1 cried ,registrator ,heerbrand4 ,yes1 the crone is potent1 interrupted the student ,anselmus1 though she is but of mean descent2 for her father was nothing but a ragged wing-feather1 and her mother a dirty parsnip2 but the most of her power she owes to all sorts of baneful creatures1 poisonous vermin which she keeps about her4 ,that is a horrid calumny1 cried ,veronica1 with eyes all glowing in anger2 old ,liese is a wise woman2 and the black ,cat is no baneful creature1 but a polished young gentleman of elegant manners1 and her cousin german4 ,can he eat ,salamanders without singeing his whiskers1 and dying like a candle-snuff8 cried ,registrator ,heerbrand4 ,no6 no6 shouted the student ,anselmus1 that he never can in this world2 and the green ,snake loves me1 for ,i have a childlike mien1 and ,i have looked into ,serpentina's eyes4 ,the ,cat will scratch them out1 cried ,veronica4 ,salamander1 ,salamander masters them all1 all6 hallooed ,conrector ,paulmann1 in the highest fury4 ,but am ,i in a madhouse8 ,am ,i mad myself8 ,what crazy stuff am ,i chattering8 ,yes1 ,i am mad too6 mad too6 ,and with this1 ,conrector ,paulmann started up1 tore the peruke from his head and dashed it against the ceiling of the room1 till the battered locks whizzed1 and1 tangled into utter disorder1 rained down the powder far and wide4 ,then the student ,anselmus and ,registrator ,heerbrand seized the punch-bowl and the glasses1 and1 hallooing and huzzaing1 pitched them against the ceiling also1 and the sherds fell jingling and tingling about their ears4 ,vivat the ,salamander6--,pereat1 pereat the crone6--,break the metal mirror6--,dig the cat's eyes out6--,bird1 little ,bird1 from the air--,eheu--,eheu--,evoe--,evoe1 ,salamander6 ,so shrieked and shouted and bellowed the three1 like utter maniacs4 ,with loud weeping1 ,frnzchen ran out2 but ,veronica lay whimpering for pain and sorrow on the sofa4 ,at this moment the door opened2 all was instantly still2 and a little man1 in a small gray cloak1 came stepping in4 ,his countenance had a singular air of gravity2 and especially the round hooked nose1 on which was a huge pair of spectacles1 distinguished itself from all the noses ever seen4 ,he wore a strange peruke too--more like a feather-cap than a wig4 ,ey1 many good evenings6 grated and cackled the little comical mannikin4 ,is the student ,herr ,anselmus among you1 gentlemen8--,best compliments from ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 he has waited today in vain for ,herr ,anselmus2 but tomorrow he begs most respectfully to request that ,herr ,anselmus would not forget the hour4 ,and with this he went out again2 and all of them now saw clearly that the grave little mannikin was in fact a gray ,parrot4 ,conrector ,paulmann and ,registrator ,heerbrand raised a horse-laugh1 which reverberated through the room1 and1 in the intervals1 ,veronica was moaning and whimpering1 as if torn by nameless sorrow2 but as to the student ,anselmus1 the madness of inward horror was darting through him1 and unconsciously he ran out of the door1 into the street4 ,instinctively he reached his house1 his garret4 ,ere long ,veronica came in to him1 with a peaceful and friendly look1 and asked him why1 in his intoxication1 he had so alarmed her2 and desired him to be on his guard against new imaginations1 while working at ,archivarius ,lindhorst's4 ,good night1 good night1 my beloved friend6 whispered ,veronica1 scarce audibly1 and breathed a kiss on his lips4 ,he stretched out his arms to clasp her1 but the dreamy shape had vanished1 and he awoke cheerful and refreshed4 ,he could not but laugh heartily at the effects of the punch2 but in thinking of ,veronica1 he felt pervaded by a most delightful feeling4 ,to her alone1 said he within himself1 do ,i owe this return from my insane whims4 ,in good sooth1 ,i was little better than the man who believed himself to be of glass2 or he who durst not leave his room for fear the hens should eat him1 as he imagined himself to be a barleycorn4 ,but as soon as ,i am ,hofrat ,i will marry ,mademoiselle ,paulmann and be happy1 and there's an end of it4 ,at noon1 as he walked through ,archivarius ,lindhorst's garden1 he could not help wondering how all this had once appeared so strange and marvelous to him4 ,he now saw nothing but common1 earthen flowerpots1 quantities of geraniums1 myrtles1 and the like4 ,instead of the glittering party-colored birds which used to flout him1 there were only a few sparrows fluttering hither and thither1 which raised an unpleasant1 unintelligible cry at sight of ,anselmus4 ,the azure room also had quite a different look2 and he could not understand how that glaring blue1 and those unnatural golden trunks of palm-trees1 with their shapeless glistening leaves1 should ever have pleased him for a moment4 ,the ,archivarius looked at him with a most peculiar1 ironical smile1 and asked3 ,well1 how did you like the punch last night1 good ,anselmus8 ,ah1 doubtless you have heard from the gray ,parrot how-- answered the student ,anselmus1 quite ashamed2 but he stopped short1 bethinking him that this appearance of the ,parrot was all a piece of jugglery of the confused senses4 ,i was there myself1 said ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 did you not see me8 ,but1 among the mad pranks you were playing1 ,i had nigh got lamed2 for ,i was sitting in the punch-bowl1 at the very moment when ,registrator ,heerbrand laid hands on it1 to dash it against the ceiling2 and ,i had to make a quick retreat into the ,conrector's pipehead4 ,now1 adieu1 ,herr ,anselmus6 ,be diligent at your task2 for the lost day also you shall have a speziesthaler1 because you worked so well before4 ,how can the ,archivarius babble such mad stuff8 thought the student ,anselmus1 sitting down at the table to begin the copying of the manuscript1 which ,archivarius ,lindhorst had as usual spread out before him4 ,but on the parchment roll he perceived so many strange crabbed strokes and twirls all twisted together in inexplicable confusion1 offering no resting-point for the eye1 that it seemed to him well-nigh impossible to copy all this exactly4 ,nay1 in glancing over the whole1 you might have thought the parchment was nothing but a piece of thickly veined marble1 or a stone sprinkled over with lichens4 ,nevertheless he determined to do his utmost1 and boldly dipped in his pen2 but the ink would not run1 do what he would2 impatiently he spirted the point of his pen against his nail1 and--,heaven and ,earth6--a huge blot fell on the out-spread original6 ,hissing and foaming1 a blue flash rose from the blot1 and1 crackling and wavering1 shot through the room to the ceiling4 ,then a thick vapor rolled from the walls2 the leaves began to rustle1 as if shaken by a tempest2 and down out of them darted glaring basilisks in sparkling fire2 these kindled the vapor1 and the bickering masses of flame rolled round ,anselmus4 ,the golden trunks of the palm-trees became gigantic snakes1 which knocked their frightful heads together with piercing metallic clang and wound their scaly bodies round ,anselmus4 ,madman ,i suffer now the punishment of what1 in insolent sacrilege1 thou hast done6 ,so cried the frightful voice of the crowned ,salamander1 who appeared above the snakes like a glittering beam in the midst of the flame2 and now the yawning jaws of the snakes poured forth cataracts of fire on ,anselmus2 and it was as if the fire-streams were congealing about his body and changing into a firm ice-cold mass4 ,but while ,anselmus' limbs1 more and more pressed together and contracted1 stiffened into powerlessness1 his senses passed away4 ,on returning to himself1 he could not stir a joint2 he was as if surrounded with a glistening brightness1 on which he struck if he but tried to lift his hand or move otherwise4--,alas6 ,he was sitting in a well-corked crystal bottle1 on a shelf1 in the library of ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,,tenth ,,vigil ,sorrows of the student ,anselmus in the ,glass ,bottle4 ,happy ,life of the ,cross ,church ,scholars and ,law ,clerks4 ,the ,battle in the ,library of ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,victory of the ,salamander1 and ,deliverance of the student ,anselmus4 ,justly may ,i doubt whether thou1 kind reader1 wert ever sealed up in a glass bottle2 or even that any vivid tormenting dream ever oppressed thee with such a demon from fairyland4 ,if such were the case1 thou wouldst keenly enough figure out the poor student ,anselmus' woe2 but shouldst thou never have even dreamed such things1 then will thy quick fancy1 for ,anselmus' sake and mine1 be obliging enough to inclose itself for a few moments in the crystal4 ,thou art drowned in dazzling splendor2 all objects about thee appear illuminated and begirt with beaming rainbow hues2 all quivers and wavers1 and clangs and drones1 in the sheen2 thou art floating motionless as in a firmly congealed ether1 which so presses thee together that the spirit in vain gives orders to the dead and stiffened body4 ,weightier and weightier the mountain burden lies on thee2 more and more does every breath exhaust the little handful of air1 that still plays up and down in the narrow space2 thy pulse throbs madly2 and1 cut through with horrid anguish1 every nerve is quivering and bleeding in this deadly agony4 ,have pity1 kind reader1 on the student ,anselmus of whom this inexpressible torture laid hold in his glass prison2 but he felt too well that death could not relieve him2 for did he not awake from the deep swoon into which the excess of pain had cast him1 and open his eyes to new wretchedness1 when the morning sun shone clear into the room8 ,he could move no limb2 but his thoughts struck against the glass1 stupefying him with discordant clang2 and instead of the words1 which the spirit used to speak from within him1 he now heard only the stifled din of madness4 ,then he exclaimed in his despair ,o ,serpentina6 ,serpentina6 save me from this agony of ,hell6 ,and it was as if faint sighs breathed around him1 which spread like green transparent elder-leaves over the glass2 the clanging ceased2 the dazzling1 perplexing glitter was gone1 and he breathed more freely4 ,have not ,i myself solely to blame for my misery8 ,ah6 ,have not ,i sinned against thee1 thou kind1 beloved ,serpentina8 ,have not ,i raised vile doubts of thee8 ,have not ,i lost my faith1 and1 with it1 all1 all that was to make me so blessed8 ,ah6 ,thou wilt now never1 never be mine2 for me the ,golden ,pot is lost1 and ,i shall not behold its wonders any more4 ,ah1 but once could ,i see thee1 but once hear thy gentle sweet voice1 thou lovely ,serpentina6 ,so wailed the student ,anselmus1 caught with deep piercing sorrow2 then spoke a voice close by him3 ,what the devil ails you ,herr ,studiosus8 ,what makes you lament so1 out of all compass and measure8 ,the student ,anselmus now noticed that on the same shelf with him were five other bottles1 in which he perceived three ,cross ,church ,scholars1 and two ,law ,clerks4 ,ah1 gentlemen1 my fellows in misery1 cried he1 how is it possible for you to be so calm1 nay so happy1 as ,i read in your cheerful looks8 ,you are sitting here corked up in glass bottles1 as well as ,i1 and cannot move a finger1 nay1 not think a reasonable thought but there rises such a murder-tumult of clanging and droning and in your head itself a tumbling and rumbling enough to drive one mad4 ,but doubtless you do not believe in the ,salamander1 or the green ,snake4 ,you are pleased to jest1 ,mein ,herr ,studiosus1 replied a ,cross ,church ,scholar2 we have never been better off than at present2 for the speziesthalers which the mad ,archivarius gave us for all manner of pot-hook copies1 are clinking in our pockets2 we have now no ,italian choruses to learn by heart2 we go every day to ,joseph's or other inns1 where we do justice to the double-beer1 we even look pretty girls in their faces2 and we sing1 like real students1 ,gaudeamus igitur1 and are contented in spirit6 ,the gentlemen are quite right1 added a ,law ,clerk2 ,i too am well furnished with speziesthalers1 like my dearest colleague beside me here2 and we now diligently walk about on the ,weinberg1 instead of scurvy ,act-writing within four walls4 ,but1 my best1 worthiest gentlemen6 said the student ,anselmus1 do you not feel1 then1 that you are all and sundry corked up in glass bottles1 and cannot for your hearts walk a hair's-breadth8 ,here the ,cross ,church ,scholars and the ,law ,clerks set up a loud laugh1 and cried3 ,the student is mad2 he fancies himself to be sitting in a glass bottle1 and is standing on the ,elbe-bridge and looking right down into the water4 ,let us go along6 ,ah6 sighed the student1 they have never seen the sweet ,serpentina2 they know not what ,freedom1 and life in ,love1 and ,faith1 signify2 and so by reason of their folly and low-mindedness1 they feel not the oppression of the imprisonment into which the ,salamander has cast them4 ,but ,i1 unhappy ,i1 must perish in want and woe1 if she1 whom ,i so inexpressibly love1 do not deliver me6 ,then1 waving in faint tinkles1 ,serpentina's voice flitted through the room3 ,anselmus6 believe1 love1 hope6 ,and every tone beamed into ,anselmus' prison2 and the crystal yielded to his pressure1 and expanded1 till the breast of the captive could move and heave4 ,the torment of his situation became less and less1 and he saw clearly that ,serpentina still loved him1 and that it was she alone1 who had rendered his confinement in the crystal tolerable4 ,he disturbed himself no more about his frivolous companions in misfortune1 but directed all his thoughts and meditations on the gentle ,serpentina4 ,suddenly1 however1 there arose on the other side a dull1 croaking1 repulsive murmur4 ,ere long he could observe that it proceeded from an old coffee-pot1 with half-broken lid1 standing over against him on a little shelf4 ,as he looked at it more narrowly1 the ugly features of a wrinkled old woman by degrees unfolded themselves2 and in a few moments1 the ,apple-wife of the ,black ,gate stood before him4 ,she grinned and laughed at him1 and cried with screeching voice3 ,ey1 ,ey1 my pretty boy1 must thou lie in limbo now8 ,to the crystal thou hast run2 did ,i not tell thee long ago8 ,mock and jeer me2 do1 thou cursed witch6 said the student ,anselmus4 ,thou art to blame for it all2 but the ,salamander will catch thee1 thou vile ,parsnip6 ,ho1 ho6 replied the crone1 not so proud1 good ready-writer6 ,thou hast smashed my little sons to pieces1 thou hast burnt my nose2 but ,i must still like thee1 thou knave1 for once thou wert a pretty fellow2 and my little daughter likes thee too4 ,out of the crystal thou wilt never come unless ,i help thee2 up thither ,i cannot clamber2 but my cousin gossip the ,rat1 that lives close above thee1 will gnaw in two the shelf on which thou standest2 thou shalt jingle down1 and ,i catch thee in my apron1 that thy nose be not broken1 or thy fine sleek face at all injured2 then ,i will carry thee to ,mam'sell ,veronica1 and thou shalt marry her when thou art ,hofrat4 ,avaunt1 thou devil's brood6 cried the student ,anselmus1 full of fury2 it was thou alone and thy hellish arts that brought me to the sin which ,i must now expiate4 ,but ,i bear it all patiently2 for only here can ,i be1 where the kind ,serpentina encircles me with love and consolation4 ,hear it1 thou beldam1 and despair6 ,i bid defiance to thy power2 ,i love ,serpentina1 and none but her forever2 ,i will not be ,hofrat1 will not look at ,veronica1 who by thy means entices me to evil4 ,can the green ,snake not be mine1 ,i will die in sorrow and longing4 ,take thyself away1 thou vile rook6 ,take thyself away6 ,the crone laughed till the chamber rung3 ,sit and die then1 cried she1 but now it is time to set to work2 for ,i have other trade to follow here4 ,she threw off her black cloak1 and so stood in hideous nakedness2 then she ran round in circles1 and large folios came tumbling down to her2 out of these she tore parchment leaves1 and1 rapidly patching them together in artful combination and fixing them on her body1 in a few instants she was dressed as if in strange party-colored scale harness4 ,spitting fire1 the black ,cat darted out of the ink-glass1 which was standing on the table1 and ran mewing toward the crone1 who shrieked in loud triumph and along with him vanished through the door4 ,anselmus observed that she went toward the azure chamber1 and directly he heard a hissing and storming in the distance2 the birds in the garden were crying2 the ,parrot creaked out3 ,help6 help6 ,thieves6 thieves6 ,that moment the crone returned with a bound into the room1 carrying the ,golden ,pot on her arm1 and1 with hideous gestures1 shrieking wildly through the air2 ,joy6 joy1 little son6--,kill the green ,snake6 ,to her1 son6 ,to her6 ,anselmus thought he heard a deep moaning1 heard ,serpentina's voice4 ,then horror and despair took hold of him2 he gathered all his force1 he dashed violently1 as if nerve and artery were bursting1 against the crystal2 a piercing clang went through the room1 and the ,archivarius in his bright damask nightgown was standing in the door4 ,hey1 hey6 vermin6--,mad spell6--,witchwork6--,hither1 holla6 ,so shouted he2 then the black hair of the crone started up like bristles2 her red eyes glanced with infernal fire1 and clenching together the peaked fangs of her ample jaws1 she hissed3 ,hiss1 at him6 ,hiss1 at him6 ,hiss6 and laughed and haw-hawed in scorn and mockery1 and pressed the ,golden ,pot firmly toward her1 and threw out of it handfuls of glittering earth on the ,archivarius2 but as it touched the nightgown the earth changed into flowers1 which rained down on the ground4 ,then the lilies of the nightgown flickered and flamed up2 and the ,archivarius caught these lilies blazing in sparky fire and dashed them on the witch2 she howled for agony1 but still as she leapt aloft and shook her harness of parchment the lilies went out and fell away into ashes4 ,to her1 my lad6 creaked the crone2 then the black ,cat darted through the air1 and plunged over the ,archivarius' head toward the door2 but the gray ,parrot fluttered out against him and caught him with his crooked bill by the nape1 till red fiery blood burst down over his neck2 and ,serpentina's voice cried3 ,saved6 ,saved6 ,then the crone1 foaming with rage and desperation1 darted out upon the ,archivarius2 she threw the ,golden ,pot behind her1 and holding up the long talons of her skinny fists1 was for clutching the ,archivarius by the throat2 but he instantly doffed his nightgown1 and hurled it against her4 ,then1 hissing1 and sputtering1 and bursting1 shot blue flames from the parchment leaves1 and the crone rolled round in howling agony1 and strove to get fresh earth from the ,pot1 fresh parchment leaves from the books1 that she might stifle the blazing flames2 and whenever any earth or leaves came down on her the flames went out4 ,but now1 as if coming from the interior of the ,archivarius1 there issued fiery crackling beams1 and darted on the crone4 ,hey1 hey6 ,to it again6 ,salamander6 ,victory6 clanged the ,archivarius' voice through the chamber2 and a hundred bolts whirled forth in fiery circles round the shrieking crone4 ,whizzing and buzzing flew ,cat and ,parrot in their furious battle2 but at last the ,parrot1 with his strong wing1 dashed the ,cat to the ground2 and with his talons transfixing and holding fast his adversary1 which1 in deadly agony1 uttered horrid mews and howls1 he1 with his sharp bill1 picked out his glowing eyes1 and the burning froth spouted from them4 ,then thick vapor streamed up from the spot where the crone1 hurled to the ground1 was lying under the nightgown2 her howling1 her terrific1 piercing cry of lamentation died away in the remote distance4 ,the smoke1 which had spread abroad with irresistible smell1 cleared off2 the ,archivarius picked up his nightgown1 and under it lay an ugly ,parsnip4 ,honored ,herr ,archivarius1 here1 let me offer you the vanquished foe1 said the ,parrot1 holding out a black hair in his beak to ,archivarius ,lindhorst4 ,very well1 my worthy friend1 replied the ,archivarius2 here lies my vanquished foe too2 be so good now as to manage what remains4 ,this very day1 as a small douceur1 you shall have six cocoanuts1 and a new pair of spectacles also1 for ,i see the ,cat has villainously broken your glasses4 ,yours forever1 most honored friend and patron6 answered the ,parrot1 much delighted2 then took the ,parsnip in his bill1 and fluttered out with it by the window which ,archivarius ,lindhorst had opened for him4 ,the ,archivarius now lifted the ,golden ,pot1 and cried1 with a strong voice1 ,serpentina6 ,serpentina6 ,but as the student ,anselmus1 joying in the destruction of the vile beldam who had hurried him into misfortune1 cast his eyes on the ,archivarius1 behold1 here stood once more the high majestic form of the ,spirit-prince1 looking up to him with indescribable dignity and grace4 ,anselmus1 said the ,spirit-prince1 not thou1 but a hostile ,principle1 which strove destructively to penetrate into thy nature and divide thee against thyself1 was to blame for thy unbelief4 ,thou hast kept thy faithfulness2 be free and happy4 ,a bright flash quivered through the spirit of ,anselmus2 the royal triphony of the crystal bells sounded stronger and louder than he had ever heard it2 his nerves and fibres thrilled2 but1 swelling higher and higher1 the melodious tones rang through the room2 the glass which inclosed ,anselmus broke2 and he rushed into the arms of his dear and gentle ,serpentina4 ,,eleventh ,,vigil ,conrector ,paulmann's anger at the madness which had broken out in his ,family4 ,how ,registrator ,heerbrand became ,hofrat2 and1 in the keenest ,frost1 walked about in ,shoes and silk ,stockings4 ,veronica's ,confessions4 ,betrothment over the steaming ,soup-dish4 ,but tell me1 best ,registrator1 how the cursed punch last night could so mount into our heads1 and drive us to all manner of allotria8 ,so said ,conrector ,paulmann1 as he next morning entered his room1 which still lay full of broken sherds1 and in whose midst his hapless peruke1 dissolved into its original elements1 was floating in the punch-bowl4 ,after the student ,anselmus ran out of doors1 ,conrector ,paulmann and ,registrator ,heerbrand had still kept trotting and hobbling up and down the room1 shouting like maniacs1 and butting their heads together2 till ,frnzchen1 with much labor1 carried her vertiginous papa to bed1 and ,registrator ,heerbrand1 in the deepest exhaustion1 sank on the sofa1 which ,veronica had left1 taking refuge in her bedroom4 ,registrator ,heerbrand had his blue handkerchief tied about his head2 he looked quite pale and melancholic1 and moaned out3 ,ah1 worthy ,conrector1 not the punch which ,mam'sell ,veronica most admirably brewed1 no6 but simply that cursed student is to blame for all the mischief4 ,do you not observe that he has long been mente caphis8 ,and are you not aware that madness is infectious8 ,one fool makes twenty2 pardon me1 it is an old proverb2 especially when you have drunk a glass or two1 you fall into madness quite readily1 and then involuntarily you manoeuvre1 and go through your exercise1 just as the crack-brained fugleman makes the motion4 ,would you believe it1 ,conrector8 ,i am still giddy when ,i think of that gray ,parrot6 ,gray fiddlesticks6 interrupted the ,conrector2 it was nothing but ,archivarius ,lindhorst's little old ,famulus1 who had thrown a gray cloak over him and was seeking the student ,anselmus4 ,it may be1 answered ,registrator ,heerbrand1 but1 ,i must confess1 ,i am quite downcast in spirit2 the whole night through there was such a piping and organing4 ,that was ,i1 said the ,conrector1 for ,i snore loud4 ,well1 maybe1 answered the ,registrator2 but ,conrector1 ,conrector6 ,ah1 not without cause did ,i wish to raise some cheerfulness among us last night--,but that ,anselmus has spoiled all6 ,you know not--,o ,conrector1 ,conrector6 ,and with this1 ,registrator ,heerbrand started up1 plucked the cloth from his head1 embraced the ,conrector1 warmly pressed his hand1 and again cried1 in quite heart-breaking tones3 ,o ,conrector1 ,conrector6 and1 snatching his hat and staff1 rushed out of doors4 ,this ,anselmus comes not over my threshold again1 said ,conrector ,paulmann2 for ,i see very well that1 with this obdurate madness of his1 he robs the best people of their senses4 ,the ,registrator is now over with it too2 ,i have hitherto kept safe2 but the ,devil1 who knocked hard last night in our carousal1 may get in at last and play his tricks with me4 ,so ,apage1 ,satanas6 ,off with thee1 ,anselmus6 ,veronica had grown quite pensive2 she spoke no word2 only smiled now and then very oddly1 and liked best to be alone4 ,also of her distress ,anselmus is the cause1 said the ,conrector1 full of malice2 but it is well that he does not show himself here2 ,i know he fears me1 this ,anselmus1 and so he never comes4 ,these concluding words ,conrector ,paulmann spoke aloud2 then the tears rushed into ,veronica's eyes1 and she said1 sobbing3 ,ah6 how can ,anselmus come8 ,he has long been corked up in the glass bottle4 ,how8 ,what8 cried ,conrector ,paulmann4 ,ah ,heaven6 ,ah ,heaven6 she is doting too1 like the ,registrator2 the loud fit will soon come6 ,ah1 thou cursed1 abominable1 thrice-cursed ,anselmus6 ,he ran forth directly to ,doctor ,eckstein1 who smiled1 and again said3 ,ey6 ,ey6 ,this time1 however1 he prescribed nothing2 but added1 to the little he had uttered1 the following words1 as he walked away3 ,nerves6 ,come round of itself4 ,take the air2 walks2 amusements2 theatre2 playing ,sonntagskind1 ,schwestern von ,prag4 ,come round of itself4 ,so eloquent ,i have seldom seen the ,doctor1 thought ,conrector ,paulmann2 really talkative1 ,i declare6 ,several days and weeks and months were gone2 ,anselmus had vanished2 but ,registrator ,heerbrand also did not make his appearance--not till the fourth of ,february1 when the ,registrator1 in a new fashionable coat of the finest cloth1 in shoes and silk stockings1 notwithstanding the keen frost1 and with a large nosegay of fresh flowers in his hand1 did enter precisely at noon into the parlor of ,conrector ,paulmann1 who wondered not a little to see his friend so dizened4 ,with a solemn air1 ,registrator ,heerbrand stepped forward to ,conrector ,paulmann2 embraced him with the finest elegance1 and then said3 ,now at last1 on the ,saint's-day of your beloved and most honored ,mam'sell ,veronica1 ,i will tell you out1 straightforward1 what ,i have long had lying at my heart4 ,that evening1 that unfortunate evening1 when ,i put the ingredients of that cursed punch in my pocket1 ,i purposed imparting to you a piece of good news1 and celebrating the happy day in convivial joys4 ,already ,i had learned that ,i was to be made ,hofrat1 for which promotion ,i have now the patent1 cum nomine et sigillo ,principis1 in my pocket4 ,ah6 ,herr ,registr--,herr ,hofrat ,heerbrand1 ,i meant to say1 stammered the ,conrector4 ,but it is you1 most honored ,conrector1 continued the new ,hofrat2 it is you alone that can complete my happiness4 ,for a long time ,i have in secret loved your daughter1 ,mam'sell ,veronica2 and ,i can boast of many a kind look which she has given me1 evidently showing that she would not cast me away4 ,in one word1 honored ,conrector6 ,i1 ,hofrat ,heerbrand1 do now entreat of you the hand of your most amiable ,mam'sell ,veronica1 whom ,i1 if you have nothing against it1 purpose shortly to take home as my wife4 ,conrector ,paulmann1 full of astonishment1 clapped his hands repeatedly1 crying3 ,ey1 ,ey1 ,ey6 ,herr ,registr--,herr ,hofrat1 ,i meant to say--who would have thought it8 ,well1 if ,veronica does really love you1 ,i for my share cannot object2 nay1 perhaps1 her present melancholy is nothing but concealed love for you1 most honored ,hofrat6 ,you know what freaks they have6 ,at this moment ,veronica entered1 pale and agitated as she now commonly was4 ,then ,hofrat ,heerbrand stepped toward her2 mentioned in a neat speech her ,saint's-day and handed her the odorous nosegay1 along with a little packet2 out of which1 when she opened it1 a pair of glittering ear-rings beamed up at her4 ,a rapid flying blush tinted her cheeks2 her eyes sparkled in joy1 and she cried3 ,o ,heaven6 ,these are the very ear-rings which ,i wore some weeks ago1 and thought so much of4 ,how can this be1 dearest ,mam'sell1 interrupted ,hofrat ,heerbrand1 somewhat alarmed and hurt1 when ,i bought these jewels not an hour ago in the ,schlossgasse1 for current money8 ,but ,veronica heeded him not2 she was standing before the mirror to witness the effect of the trinkets1 which she had already suspended in her pretty little ears4 ,conrector ,paulmann disclosed to her1 with grave countenance and solemn tone1 his friend ,heerbrand's preferment and present proposal4 ,veronica looked at the ,hofrat with a searching look1 and said3 ,i have long known that you wished to marry me4 ,well1 be it so6 ,i promise you my heart and hand2 but ,i must now unfold to you1 to both of you1 ,i mean1 my father and my bridegroom1 much that is lying heavy on my heart2 yes1 even now1 though the soup should get cold1 which ,i see ,frnzchen is just putting on the table4 ,without waiting for the ,conrector's or the ,hofrat's reply1 though the words were visibly hovering on the lips of both1 ,veronica continued3 ,you may believe me1 best father1 ,i loved ,anselmus from my heart1 and when ,registrator ,heerbrand1 who is now become ,hofrat himself1 assured us that ,anselmus might probably reach that position1 ,i resolved that he and no other should be my husband4 ,but then it seemed as if alien hostile beings were for snatching him away from me2 ,i had recourse to old ,liese1 who was once my nurse1 but is now a wise woman1 and a great enchantress4 ,she promised to help me and give ,anselmus wholly into my hands4 ,we went at midnight on the ,equinox to the crossing of the roads2 she conjured certain hellish spirits1 and by aid of the black ,cat we manufactured a little metallic mirror1 in which ,i1 directing my thoughts on ,anselmus1 had but to look in order to rule him wholly in heart and mind4 ,but now ,i heartily repent having done all this1 and here abjure all ,satanic arts4 ,the ,salamander has conquered old ,liese2 ,i heard her shrieks2 but there was no help to be given2 so soon as the ,parrot had eaten the ,parsnip my metallic mirror broke in two with a piercing clang4 ,veronica took out both the pieces of the mirror1 and a lock of hair from her work-box1 and handing them to ,hofrat ,heerbrand1 she proceeded3 ,here1 take the fragments of the mirror1 dear ,hofrat2 throw them down1 tonight1 at twelve o'clock1 over the ,elbe-bridge1 from the place where the ,cross stands2 the stream is not frozen there2 the lock1 however1 do you wear on your faithful breast4 ,i again abjure all magic2 and heartily wish ,anselmus joy of his good fortune1 seeing he is wedded with the green ,snake1 who is much prettier and richer than ,i4 ,you1 dear ,hofrat1 ,i will love and reverence as becomes a true honest wife4 ,alack6 ,alack6 cried ,conrector ,paulmann1 full of sorrow2 she is cracked1 she is cracked2 she can never be ,frau ,hofrtin2 she is cracked6 ,not in the least1 interrupted ,hofrat ,heerbrand2 ,i know well that ,mam'sell ,veronica has felt kindly toward the loutish ,anselmus2 and it may be that in some fit of passion1 she has had recourse to the wise woman1 who1 as ,i perceive1 can be no other than the card-caster and coffee-pourer of the ,seetor--in a word1 old ,rauerin4 ,nor can it be denied that there are secret arts1 which exert their influence on men but too balefully2 we read of such in the ,ancients1 and doubtless there are still such2 but as to what ,mam'sell ,veronica is pleased to say about the victory of the ,salamander1 and the marriage of ,anselmus with the green ,snake1 this1 in reality1 ,i take for nothing but a poetic allegory2 a sort of poem1 wherein she sings her entire farewell to the ,student4 ,take it for what you will1 best ,hofrat6 cried ,veronica2 perhaps for a very stupid dream4 ,that ,i nowise do1 replied ,hofrat ,heerbrand2 for ,i know well that ,anselmus himself is possessed by secret powers1 which vex him and drive him on to all imaginable mad freaks4 ,conrector ,paulmann could stand it no longer2 he broke loose3 ,hold6 ,for the love of ,heaven1 hold6 ,are we again overtaken with the cursed punch1 or has ,anselmus' madness come over us too8 ,herr ,hofrat1 what stuff is this you are talking8 ,i will suppose1 however1 that it is love which haunts your brain2 this soon comes to rights in marriage2 otherwise ,i should be apprehensive that you too had fallen into some shade of madness1 most honored ,herr ,hofrat2 then what would become of the future branches of the family1 inheriting the malum of their parents8 ,but now ,i give my paternal blessing to this happy union1 and permit you as bride and bridegroom to take a kiss4 ,this happened forthwith2 and thus before the presented soup had grown cold1 was a formal betrothment concluded4 ,in a few weeks1 ,frau ,hofrtin ,heerbrand was actually1 as she had been in vision1 sitting in the balcony of a fine house in the ,neumarkt1 and looking down with a smile on the beaux1 who1 passing by1 turned their glasses up to her1 and said3 ,she is a heavenly woman1 the ,hofrtin ,heerbrand4 ,,twelfth ,,vigil ,account of the ,freehold ,property to which ,anselmus removed1 as son-in-law of ,archivarius ,lindhorst2 and how he lives there with ,serpentina4 ,conclusion4 ,how deeply did ,i feel1 in the depth of my heart1 the blessedness of the student ,anselmus1 who now1 indissolubly united with his gentle ,serpentina1 has withdrawn to the mysterious ,land of ,wonders1 recognized by him as the home toward which his bosom1 filled with strange forecastings1 had always longed4 ,but in vain was all my striving to set before thee1 kind reader1 those glories with which ,anselmus is encompassed1 or even in the faintest degree to shadow them forth to thee in words4 ,reluctantly ,i could not but acknowledge the feebleness of my every expression4 ,i felt myself enthralled amid the paltriness of every-day life2 ,i sickened in tormenting dissatisfaction2 ,i glided about like a dreamer2 in brief1 ,i fell into that condition of the student ,anselmus1 which1 in the ,fourth ,vigil1 ,i have endeavored to set before thee4 ,it grieved me to the heart1 when ,i glanced over the ,eleven ,vigils1 now happily accomplished1 and thought that to insert the ,twelfth1 the keystone of the whole1 would never be vouchsafed me4 ,for whensoever1 in the night season1 ,i set myself to complete the work1 it was as if mischievous ,spirits 7they might be relations1 perhaps cousins german1 of the slain witch7 held a polished glittering piece of metal before me1 in which ,i beheld my own mean ,self1 pale1 overwatched1 and melancholic1 like ,registrator ,heerbrand after his bout of punch4 ,then ,i threw down my pen1 and hastened to bed1 that ,i might behold the happy ,anselmus and the fair ,serpentina1 at least in my dreams4 ,this had lasted for several days and nights1 when at length quite unexpectedly ,i received a note from ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 in which he addressed me as follows3 ,respected ,sir--,it is well known to me that you have written down1 in ,eleven ,vigils1 the singular fortunes of my good son-in-law ,anselmus1 whilom student1 now poet2 and are at present cudgeling your brains very sore1 that in the ,twelfth and ,last ,vigil you may tell somewhat of his happy life in ,atlantis1 where he now lives with my daughter on the pleasant ,freehold which ,i possess in that country4 ,now1 notwithstanding ,i much regret that hereby my own peculiar nature is unfolded to the reading world2 seeing it may1 in my office as ,privy ,archivarius1 expose me to a thousand inconveniences2 nay1 in the ,collegium even give rise to the question3 ,how far a ,salamander can justly1 and with binding consequences1 plight himself by oath1 as a ,servant of the ,state1 and how far1 on the whole1 important affairs may be intrusted to him1 since1 according to ,gabalis and ,swedenborg1 the ,spirits of the ,elements are not to be trusted at all8--notwithstanding1 my best friends must now avoid my embrace2 fearing lest1 in some sudden exuberance1 ,i dart out a flash or two1 and singe their hair-curls1 and ,sunday frocks2 notwithstanding all this1 ,i say1 it is still my purpose to assist you in the completion of the ,work1 since much good of me and of my dear married daughter 7would the other two were off my hands also67 has therein been said4 ,would you write your ,twelfth ,vigil1 therefore1 then descend your cursed five pair of stairs1 leave your garret1 and come over to me4 ,in the blue palm-tree room1 which you already know1 you will find fit writing materials2 and you can then1 in a few words1 specify to your readers what you have seen--a better plan for you than any long-winded description of a life which you know only by hearsay4 ,with esteem1 your obedient servant1 ,,the ,,salamander ,,lindhorst1 ,p4,t4 ,royal ,privy ,archivarius4 ,this truly somewhat rough1 yet on the whole friendly note from ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 gave me high pleasure4 ,clear enough it seemed1 indeed1 that the singular manner in which the fortunes of his son-in-law had been revealed to me1 and which ,i1 bound to silence1 must conceal even from thee1 kind reader1 was well known to this peculiar old gentleman2 yet he had not taken it so ill as ,i might readily have apprehended4 ,nay1 here was he offering me his helpful hand in the completion of my work2 and from this ,i might justly conclude that at bottom he was not averse to have his marvelous existence in the world of spirits thus divulged through the press4 ,it may be1 thought ,i1 that he himself expects from this measure1 perhaps1 to get his two other daughters the sooner married2 for who knows but a spark may fall in this or that young man's breast1 and kindle a longing for the green ,snake2 whom1 on ,ascension-day1 under the elder-bush1 he will forthwith seek and find8 ,from the woe which befell ,anselmus1 when inclosed in the glass bottle1 he will take warning to be doubly and trebly on his guard against all doubt and unbelief4 ,precisely at eleven o'clock ,i extinguished my study-lamp and glided forth to ,archivarius ,lindhorst1 who was already waiting for me in the lobby4 ,are you there1 my worthy friend8 ,well1 this is what ,i like1 that you have not mistaken my good intentions2 do but follow me6 ,and with this he led the way through the garden1 now filled with dazzling brightness1 into the azure chamber1 where ,i observed the same violet table at which ,anselmus had been writing4 ,archivarius ,lindhorst disappeared1 but soon came back1 carrying in his hand a fair golden goblet out of which a high blue flame was sparkling up4 ,here1 said he1 ,i bring you the favorite drink of your friend the ,bandmaster1 ,johannes ,kreisler4#de ,it is burning arrack1 into which ,i have thrown a little sugar4 ,sip a touch or two of it2 ,i will doff my nightgown1 and1 to amuse myself and enjoy your worthy company while you sit looking and writing1 shall just bob up and down a little in the goblet4 ,as you please1 honored ,herr ,archivarius1 answered ,i3 but if ,i am to ply the liqueur1 you will get none4 ,don't fear that1 my good fellow1 cried the ,archivarius2 then hastily threw off his nightgown1 mounted1 to my no small amazement1 into the goblet1 and vanished in the blaze4 ,without fear1 softly blowing black the flame1 ,i partook of the drink2 it was truly delicious6 ,stir not the emerald leaves of the palm-trees in soft sighing and rustling1 as if kissed by the breath of the morning wind8 ,awakened from their sleep1 they move and mysteriously whisper of the wonders which1 from the far distance1 approach like tones of melodious harps6 ,the azure rolls from the walls1 and floats like airy vapor to and fro2 but dazzling beams shoot through the perfume which1 whirling and dancing1 as in jubilee of childlike sport1 mounts and mounts to immeasurable heights1 and vaults over the palm-trees4 ,but brighter and brighter shoots beam on beam1 till in bright sunshine and boundless expanse opens the grove where ,i behold ,anselmus4 ,here glowing hyacinths1 and tulips1 and roses1 lift their fair heads2 and their perfumes1 in loveliest sound1 call to the happy youth3 ,wander1 wander among us1 our beloved2 for thou understandest us6 ,our perfume is the ,longing of ,love2 we love thee1 and are thine forevermore6 ,the golden rays burn in glowing tones3 ,we are ,fire1 kindled by ,love4 ,perfume is ,longing2 but ,fire is ,desire3 and dwell we not in thy bosom8 ,we are thy own6 ,the dark bushes1 the high trees1 rustle and sound3 ,come to us1 thou loved1 thou happy one6 ,fire is ,desire2 but ,hope is our cool ,shadow4 ,lovingly we rustle round thy head2 for thou understandest us1 because ,love dwells in thy breast6 ,the fountains and brooks murmur and patter4 ,loved one1 walk not so quickly by2 look into our crystal6 ,thy image dwells in us1 which we preserve with ,love1 for thou hast understood us4 ,in the triumphal choir1 bright birds are singing3 ,hear us6 ,hear us6 ,we are ,joy1 we are ,delight1 the rapture of ,love6 ,but longingly ,anselmus turns his eyes to the ,glorious ,temple1 which rises behind him in the distance4 ,the artful pillars seem trees2 and the capitals and friezes acanthus leaves1 which in wondrous wreaths and figures form splendid decorations4 ,anselmus walks to the ,temple2 he views with inward delight the variegated marble1 the steps with their strange veins of moss4 ,ah1 no6 cries he1 as if in the excess of rapture1 she is not far from me now2 she is near6 ,then advances ,serpentina1 in the fulness of beauty and grace1 from the ,temple2 she bears the ,golden ,pot1 from which a bright ,lily has sprung4 ,the nameless rapture of infinite longing glows in her bright eyes2 she looks at ,anselmus1 and says3 ,ah6 ,dearest1 the ,lily has sent forth her bowl2 what we longed for is fulfilled2 is there a happiness to equal ours8 ,anselmus clasps her with the tenderness of warmest ardor2 the ,lily burns in flaming beams over his head4 ,and louder move the trees and bushes2 clearer and gladder play the brooks2 the birds1 the shining insects dance in the waves of perfume2 a gay1 bright rejoicing tumult1 in the air1 in the water1 in the earth1 is holding the festival of ,love6 ,now rush sparkling streaks1 gleaming over all the bushes2 diamonds look from the ground like shining eyes2 high gushes spurt from the wells2 strange perfumes are wafted hither on sounding wings2 they are the ,spirits of the ,elements1 who do homage to the ,lily1 and proclaim the happiness of ,anselmus4 ,then ,anselmus raises his head1 as if encircled with a beamy glory4 ,is it looks8 ,is it words8 ,is it song8 ,you hear the sound3 ,serpentina6 ,belief in thee1 ,love of thee1 has unfolded to my soul the inmost spirit of ,nature6 ,thou hast brought me the ,lily1 which sprung from ,gold1 from the primeval ,force of the earth1 before ,phosphorus had kindled the spark of ,thought2 this ,lily is ,knowledge of the sacred ,harmony of all ,beings2 and in this do ,i live in highest blessedness forevermore4 ,yes1 ,i1 thrice happy1 have perceived what was highest2 ,i must indeed love thee forever1 ,o ,serpentina6 ,never shall the golden blossoms of the ,lily grow pale2 for1 like ,belief and ,love1 ,knowledge is eternal4 ,for the vision1 in which ,i had now beheld ,anselmus bodily1 in his ,freehold of ,atlantis1 ,i stand indebted to the arts of the ,salamander2 and most fortunate was it that1 when all had melted into air1 ,i found a paper lying on the violet table1 with the foregoing statement of the matter1 written fairly and distinctly by my own hand4 ,but now ,i felt myself as if transpierced and torn in pieces by sharp sorrow4 ,ah1 happy ,anselmus1 who hast cast away the burden of week-day life1 who in the love of thy kind ,serpentina fliest with bold pinion1 and now livest in rapture and joy on thy ,freehold in ,atlantis6 while ,i--poor ,i6--must soon1 nay1 in a few moments1 leave even this fair hall1 which itself is far from a ,freehold in ,atlantis1 and again be transplanted to my garret1 where1 enthralled among the pettinesses of necessitous existence1 my heart and my sight are so bedimmed with thousand mischiefs1 as with thick fog1 that the fair ,lily will never1 never be beheld by me4 ,then ,archivarius ,lindhorst patted me gently on the shoulder1 and said3 ,soft1 soft1 my honored friend6 ,lament not so6 ,were you not even now in ,atlantis1 and have you not at least a pretty little copyhold ,farm there1 as the poetical possession of your inward sense8 ,and is the blessedness of ,anselmus aught else but a ,living in ,poesy8 ,can aught else but ,poesy reveal itself as the sacred ,harmony of all ,beings1 as the deepest secret of ,nature8 ,,friedrich ,,baron ,,de ,,la ,,motte ,,fouqu 99 99 99 99 99 ,,selections ,,from ,,undine#df 7#ahaa7 ,,translated ,,by ,f4,e4 ,,bunnett ,,chapter ,,viii ,the ,day after the wedding ,the fresh light of the morning awoke the young married pair4 ,undine hid bashfully beneath her covers while ,huldbrand lay still1 absorbed in deep meditation4 ,wonderful and horrible dreams had disturbed ,huldbrand's rest2 he had been haunted by spectres1 who1 grinning at him by stealth1 had tried to disguise themselves as beautiful women1 and from beautiful women they all at once assumed the faces of dragons1 and when he started up from these hideous visions the moonlight shone pale and cold into the room2 terrified he looked at ,undine on whose bosom he fell asleep and who still lay in unaltered beauty and grace4 ,then he would press a light kiss upon her rosy lips and would fall asleep again only to be awakened by new terrors4 ,after he had reflected on all this1 now that he was fully awake1 he reproached himself for any doubt that could have led him into error with regard to his beautiful wife4 ,he begged her to forgive him for the injustice he had done her1 but she only held out to him her fair hand1 sighed deeply1 and remained silent4 ,but a glance of exquisite fervor1 such as he had never seen before1 beamed from her eyes1 carrying with it the full assurance that ,undine bore him no ill-will4 ,he then rose cheerfully and left her1 to join his friends in the common apartment4 ,he found the three sitting round the hearth with an air of anxiety1 as if they dared not venture to speak aloud4 ,the priest seemed to be praying in his inmost spirit that all evil might be averted4 ,when1 however1 they saw the young husband come forth so cheerfully1 the careworn expression of their faces vanished4 ,the old fisherman even began to tease the knight1 but in so chaste and modest a manner that the aged wife herself smiled good-humoredly as she listened to them4 ,undine at length made her appearance4 ,all rose to meet her and all stood still with surprise1 for the young wife seemed so strange to them and yet the same4 ,the priest was the first to advance toward her1 with paternal affection beaming in his face1 and1 as he raised his hand to bless her1 the beautiful woman sank reverently on her knees before him4 ,with a few humble and gracious words she begged him to forgive her for any foolish things she might have said the evening before1 and entreated him in an agitated tone to pray for the welfare of her soul4 ,she then rose1 kissed her foster-parents1 and thanking them for all the goodness they had shown her1 she exclaimed1 ,oh1 ,i now feel in my innermost heart1 how much1 how infinitely much1 you have done for me1 dear1 kind people6 ,she could not at first desist from her caresses1 but scarcely had she perceived that the old woman was busy in preparing breakfast than she went to the hearth1 cooked and arranged the meal1 and would not suffer the good old mother to take the least trouble4 ,she continued thus throughout the whole day1 quiet1 kind1 and attentive--at once a little matron and a tender bashful girl4 ,the three who had known her longest expected every moment to see some whimsical vagary of her capricious spirit burst forth2 but they waited in vain for it4 ,undine remained as mild and gentle as an angel4 ,the holy father could not take his eyes from her1 and he said repeatedly to the bridegroom1 ,the goodness of heaven1 sir1 has intrusted a treasure to you yesterday through me1 unworthy as ,i am2 cherish it as you ought1 and it will promote your temporal and eternal welfare4 ,illustration3 ,,friedrich ,,baron ,,de ,,la ,,motte-,,fouqu4 ,toward evening ,undine was hanging on the knight's arm with humble tenderness1 and drew him gently out of the door where the declining sun was shining pleasantly on the fresh grass and upon the tall slender stems of the trees4 ,the eyes of the young wife were moist1 as with the dew of sadness and love1 and a tender and fearful secret seemed hovering on her lips--which1 however1 was disclosed only by scarcely audible sighs4 ,she led her husband onward and onward in silence2 when he spoke she answered him only with looks1 in which1 it is true1 there lay no direct reply to his inquiries1 but a whole heaven of love and timid devotion4 ,thus they reached the edge of the swollen forest-stream1 and the knight was astonished to see it rippling along in gentle waves1 without a trace of its former wildness and swell4 ,by the morning1 it will be quite dry1 said the beautiful wife1 in a regretful tone1 and you can then travel away wherever you will1 without anything to hinder you4 ,not without you1 my little ,undine1 replied the knight1 laughing2 remember1 even if ,i wished to desert you1 the church1 and the spiritual powers1 and the emperor1 and the empire1 would interpose and bring the fugitive back again4 ,all depends upon you1 all depends upon you1 whispered his wife1 half weeping and half smiling4 ,i think1 however1 nevertheless1 that you will keep me with you2 ,i love you so heartily4 ,now carry me across to that little island that lies before us4 ,the matter shall be decided there4 ,i could easily indeed glide through the rippling waves1 but it is so restful in your arms1 and1 if you are to cast me off1 ,i shall have sweetly rested in them once more for the last time4 ,huldbrand1 full as he was of strange fear and emotion1 knew not what to reply4 ,he took her in his arms and carried her across1 remembering now for the first time that this was the same little island from which he had borne her back to the old fisherman on that first night4 ,on the farther side he put her down on the soft grass1 and was on the point of placing himself lovingly near his beautiful burden when she said1 ,no1 there1 opposite to me6 ,i will read my sentence in your eyes1 before your lips speak2 now1 listen attentively to what ,i will relate to you6 ,and she began3 ,you must know1 my loved one1 that there are beings in the elements which appear almost like you mortals1 and which rarely allow themselves to become visible to your race4 ,wonderful salamanders glitter and sport in the flames2 lean and malicious gnomes dwell deep within the earth2 spirits1 belonging to the air1 wander through the forests2 and a vast family of water spirits live in the lakes and streams and brooks4 ,in resounding domes of crystal1 through which the sky looks in with its sun and stars1 these latter spirits find their beautiful abode2 lofty trees of coral1 with blue and crimson fruits1 gleam in the gardens2 they wander over the pure sand of the sea1 and among lovely variegated shells1 and amid all exquisite treasures of the old world1 which the present is no longer worthy to enjoy2 all these the floods have covered with their secret veils of silver1 and the noble monuments sparkle below1 stately and solemn1 and bedewed by the loving waters which allure from them many a beautiful moss-flower and entwining cluster of sea-grass4 ,those1 however1 who dwell there1 are very fair and lovely to behold1 and for the most part are more beautiful than human beings4 ,many a fisherman has been so fortunate as to surprise some tender mermaid1 as she rose above the waters and sang4 ,he would then tell afar of her beauty1 and such wonderful beings have been given the name of ,undines4 ,you1 moreover1 are now actually beholding an ,undine4 ,the knight tried to persuade himself that his beautiful wife was under the spell of one of her strange humors and that she was taking pleasure in teasing him with one of her extravagant inventions4 ,but repeatedly as he said this to himself1 he could not believe it for a moment2 a strange shudder passed through him2 unable to utter a word1 he stared at the beautiful narrator with an immovable gaze4 ,undine shook her head sorrowfully1 drew a deep sigh1 and then proceeded4 ,our condition would be far superior to that of you human beings--for human beings we call ourselves1 being similar to them in form and culture--but there is one evil peculiar to us4 ,we and our like in the other elements vanish into dust and pass away1 body and spirit1 so that not a vestige of us remains behind2 and when you mortals hereafter awake to a purer life we remain with the sand and the sparks and the wind and the waves4 ,hence we have also no souls2 the element moves us and is often obedient to us while we live1 though it scatters us to dust when we die2 and we are merry1 without having aught to grieve us--merry as the nightingales and little gold-fishes and other pretty children of nature4 ,but all beings aspire to be higher than they are4 ,thus my father1 who is a powerful water-prince in the ,mediterranean ,sea1 desired that his only daughter should become possessed of a soul1 even though she must then endure many of the sufferings of those thus endowed4 ,such as we1 however1 can obtain a soul only by the closest union of love with one of your human race4 ,i am now possessed of a soul1 and my soul ,i owe you1 my inexpressibly beloved one1 and it will ever thank you if you do not make my whole life miserable4 ,for what is to become of me if you avoid and reject me8 ,still ,i would not retain you by deceit4 ,and if you mean to reject me do so now1 and return alone to the shore4 ,i will dive into this brook1 which is my uncle2 and here in the forest1 far removed from other friends1 he passes his strange and solitary life4 ,he is1 however1 powerful1 and is esteemed and beloved by many great streams2 and as he brought me hither to the fisherman1 a light-hearted1 laughing child1 he will take me back again to my parents1 a loving1 suffering1 and soul-endowed woman4 ,she was about to say still more1 but ,huldbrand embraced her with the most heartfelt emotion and love1 and bore her back again to the shore4 ,it was not till he reached it that he swore1 amid tears and kisses1 never to forsake his sweet wife1 calling himself more happy than the ,greek sculptor ,pygmalion1 whose beautiful statue received life from ,venus and became his loved one4 ,in endearing confidence ,undine walked back to the cottage1 leaning on his arm1 and feeling now for the first time with all her heart how little she ought to regret the forsaken crystal palaces of her mysterious father4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,how they lived at ,castle ,ringstetten ,the writer of this story1 both because it moves his own heart and because he wishes it to move that of others1 begs you1 dear reader1 to pardon him if he now briefly passes over a considerable space of time1 only cursorily mentioning the events that marked it4 ,he knows well that he might portray according to the rules of art1 step by step1 how ,huldbrand's heart began to turn from ,undine to ,bertalda2 how ,bertalda more and more responded with ardent love to the young knight1 and how they both looked upon the poor wife as a mysterious being rather to be feared than pitied2 how ,undine wept1 and how her tears stung the knight's heart with remorse without awakening his former love1 so that though he at times was kind and endearing to her1 a cold shudder would soon draw him from her and he would turn to his fellow-mortal1 ,bertalda4 ,all this the writer knows might be fully detailed1 and perhaps ought to have been so2 but such a task would have been too painful1 for similar things have been known to him by sad experience1 and he shrinks from their shadow even in remembrance4 ,you know probably a like feeling1 dear reader1 for such is the lot of mortal man4 ,happy are you if you have received rather than inflicted the pain1 for in such things it is more blessed to receive than to give4 ,if it be so1 such recollections will bring only a feeling of sorrow to your mind1 and perhaps a tear will trickle down your cheek over the faded flowers that once caused you such delight4 ,but let that be enough4 ,we will not pierce our hearts with a thousand separate things1 but only briefly state1 as ,i have just said1 how matters were4 ,poor ,undine was very sad1 and the other two were not to be called happy4 ,bertalda1 especially1 thought that she could trace the effect of jealousy on the part of the injured wife whenever her wishes were in any way thwarted4 ,she had therefore habituated herself to an imperious demeanor1 to which ,undine yielded in sorrowful submission1 and the now blinded ,huldbrand usually encouraged this arrogant behavior in the strongest manner4 ,but the circumstance that most of all disturbed the inmates of the castle was a variety of wonderful apparitions which met ,huldbrand and ,bertalda in the vaulted galleries of the castle1 and which had never been heard of before as haunting the locality4 ,the tall white man1 in whom ,huldbrand recognized only too plainly ,uncle ,khleborn1 and ,bertalda the spectral master of the fountain1 often passed before them with a threatening aspect1 and especially before ,bertalda1 on so many occasions that she had several times been made ill with terror and had frequently thought of quitting the castle4 ,but still she stayed there1 partly because ,huldbrand was so dear to her1 and she relied on her innocence1 no words of love having ever passed between them1 and partly also because she knew not whither to direct her steps4 ,the old fisherman1 on receiving the message from the lord of ,ringstetten that ,bertalda was his guest1 had written a few lines in an almost illegible hand but as well as his advanced age and long disuse would admit of4 ,i have now become1 he wrote1 a poor old widower1 for my dear and faithful wife is dead4 ,however lonely ,i now sit in my cottage1 ,bertalda is better with you than with me4 ,only let her do nothing to harm my beloved ,undine6 ,she will have my curse if it be so4 ,the last words of this letter ,bertalda flung to the winds1 but she carefully retained the part respecting her absence from her father--just as we are all wont to do in similar circumstances4 ,one day1 when ,huldbrand had just ridden out1 ,undine summoned the domestics of the family and ordered them to bring a large stone and carefully to cover with it the magnificent fountain which stood in the middle of the castle-yard4 ,the servants objected that it would oblige them to bring water from the valley below4 ,undine smiled sadly4 ,i am sorry1 my people1 she replied1 to increase your work4 ,i would rather myself fetch up the pitchers1 but this fountain must be closed4 ,believe me that it cannot be otherwise1 and that it is only by so doing that we can avoid a greater evil4 ,the whole household were glad to be able to please their gentle mistress2 they made no further inquiry1 but seized the enormous stone4 ,they were just raising it in their hands and were already poising it over the fountain1 when ,bertalda came running up and called out to them to stop1 as it was from this fountain that the water was brought which was so good for her complexion and she would never consent to its being closed4 ,undine1 however1 although gentle as usual1 was this time more than usually firm4 ,she told ,bertalda that it was her due1 as mistress of the house1 to arrange her household as she thought best1 and that1 in this1 she was accountable to no one but her lord and husband4 ,see1 oh1 pray see1 exclaimed ,bertalda1 in an angry yet uneasy tone1 how the poor beautiful water is curling and writhing at being shut out from the bright sunshine and from the cheerful sight of the human face1 for whose mirror it was created6 ,the water in the fountain was indeed wonderfully agitated and hissing2 it seemed as if something within were struggling to free itself1 but ,undine only the more earnestly urged the fulfilment of her orders4 ,the earnestness was scarcely needed4 ,the servants of the castle were as happy in obeying their gentle mistress as in opposing ,bertalda's haughty defiance2 and in spite of all the rude scolding and threatening of the latter1 the stone was soon firmly lying over the opening of the fountain4 ,undine leaned thoughtfully over it and wrote with her beautiful fingers on its surface4 ,she must1 however1 have had something very sharp and corrosive in her hand1 for when she turned away and the servants drew near to examine the stone1 they perceived all sorts of strange characters upon it1 which none of them had seen there before4 ,bertalda received the knight1 on his return home in the evening1 with tears and complaints of ,undine's conduct4 ,he cast a serious look at his poor wife1 and she looked down in great distress2 yet she said with great composure1 ,my lord and husband does not reprove even a bond-slave without a hearing1 how much less1 then1 his wedded wife8 ,speak1 said the knight with a gloomy countenance1 what induced you to act so strangely8 ,i should like to tell you when we are quite alone1 sighed ,undine4 ,you can tell me just as well in ,bertalda's presence1 was the rejoinder4 ,yes1 if you command me1 said ,undine2 but command it not4 ,oh pray1 pray command it not6 ,she looked so humble1 so sweet1 so obedient1 that the knight's heart felt a passing gleam from better times4 ,he kindly placed her arm within his own and led her to his apartment1 when she began to speak as follows3 ,you already know1 my beloved lord1 something of my evil uncle1 ,khleborn1 and you have frequently been displeased at meeting him in the galleries of this castle4 ,he has several times frightened ,bertalda into illness4 ,this is because he is devoid of soul1 a mere elemental mirror of the outward world1 without the power of reflecting the world within4 ,he sees1 too1 sometimes1 that you are dissatisfied with me2 that ,i1 in my childishness1 am weeping at this1 and that ,bertalda perhaps is at the very same moment laughing4 ,hence he imagines various discrepancies in our home life1 and in many ways mixes unbidden with our circle4 ,what is the good of my reproving him8 ,what is the use of my sending him angrily away8 ,he does not believe a word ,i say4 ,his poor nature has no idea that the joys and sorrows of love have so sweet a resemblance1 and are so closely linked that no power can separate them4 ,amid tears a smile shines forth1 and a smile allures tears from their secret chambers4 ,she looked up at ,huldbrand1 smiling and weeping2 and he again experienced within his heart all the charm of his old love4 ,she felt this1 and1 pressing him more tenderly to her1 she continued amid tears of joy1 ,as the disturber of our peace was not to be dismissed with words1 ,i have been obliged to shut the door upon him4 ,and the only door by which he obtains access to us1 is that fountain4 ,he is at odds with the other water-spirits in the neighborhood1 counting from the adjacent valleys1 and his kingdom only recommences further off on the ,danube1 into which some of his good friends direct their course4 ,for this reason ,i had the stone placed over the opening of the fountain1 and ,i inscribed characters upon it which cripple all my uncle's power1 so that he can now neither intrude upon you1 nor upon me1 nor upon ,bertalda4 ,human beings1 it is true1 can raise the stone again with ordinary effort1 in spite of the characters inscribed on it2 the inscription does not hinder them4 ,if you wish1 therefore1 follow ,bertalda's desire1 but1 truly1 she knows not what she asks6 ,the ill-bred ,khleborn has set his mark especially upon her2 and if this or that came to pass which he has predicted to me and which might indeed happen without your meaning any evil--ah6 dear one1 even you would then be exposed to danger6 ,huldbrand felt deeply the generosity of his sweet wife1 in her eagerness to shut up her formidable protector while she had even been chided for it by ,bertalda4 ,he pressed her therefore in his arms with the utmost affection1 and said with emotion1 ,the stone shall remain1 and all shall remain1 now and ever1 as you wish to have it1 my sweet little ,undine4 ,she caressed him with humble delight as she heard the expressions of love so long withheld1 and then at length she said1 ,my dearest friend1 since you are so gentle and kind today1 may ,i venture to ask a favor of you8 ,see now1 it is just the same with you as it is with summer4 ,in the height of its glory summer puts on the flaming and thundering crown of mighty storms and assumes the air of a king over the earth4 ,you too sometimes let your fury rise1 and your eyes flash1 and your voice is angry1 and this becomes you well1 though ,i in my folly may sometimes weep at it4 ,but never1 ,i pray you1 behave thus toward me on the water1 or even when we are near it4 ,you see1 my relatives would then acquire a right over me4 ,they would unrelentingly tear me from you in their rage because they would imagine that one of their race was injured1 and ,i should be compelled all my life to dwell below in the crystal palaces1 and should never be permitted to ascend to you again2 or they would send me up to you--and that1 oh ,god1 would be infinitely worse4 ,no1 no1 my beloved friend1 do not let it come to that1 however dear poor ,undine be to you4 ,he promised solemnly to do as she desired1 and husband and wife returned from the apartment1 full of happiness and affection4 ,at that moment ,bertalda appeared with some workmen to whom she had already given orders1 and said in the sullen tone which she had assumed of late1 ,i suppose the secret conference is at an end1 and now the stone may be removed4 ,go out1 workmen1 and attend to it4 ,but the knight1 angry at her impertinence1 directed in short and very decisive words that the stone should be left2 he reproved ,bertalda1 too1 for her violence toward his wife4 ,whereupon the workmen withdrew1 smiling with secret satisfaction2 while ,bertalda1 pale with rage1 hurried away to her rooms4 ,the hour for the evening repast arrived1 and ,bertalda was waited for in vain4 ,they sent after her1 but the domestic found her apartments empty1 and only brought back with him a sealed letter addressed to the knight4 ,he opened it with alarm1 and read3 ,i feel with shame that ,i am only a poor fisher-girl4 ,i will expiate my fault in having forgotten this for a moment1 by returning to the miserable cottage of my parents4 ,farewell to you and your beautiful wife4 ,undine was heartily distressed4 ,she earnestly entreated ,huldbrand to hasten after their friend and bring her back again4 ,alas6 she had no need to urge him4 ,his affection for ,bertalda burst forth again with vehemence4 ,he hurried round the castle1 inquiring if any one had seen which way the beautiful fugitive had gone4 ,he could learn nothing of her and was already on his horse in the castle-yard1 resolved to take at a venture the road by which he had brought ,bertalda hither4 ,just then a page appeared1 who assured him that he had met the lady on the path to the ,black ,valley4 ,like an arrow the knight sprang through the gate-way in the direction indicated1 without hearing ,undine's voice of agony as she called to him from the window3 ,to the ,black ,valley6 ,oh1 not there6 ,huldbrand1 don't go there6 or1 for ,heaven's sake1 take me with you6 ,but when she perceived that all her calling was in vain1 she ordered her white palfrey to be saddled immediately and rode after the knight without allowing any servant to accompany her4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,how ,bertalda returned home with the ,knight ,the ,black ,valley lies deep within the mountains4 ,what it is now called we do not know4 ,at that time the people of the country gave it this appellation on account of the deep obscurity in which the low land lay1 owing to the shadows of the lofty trees1 and especially firs1 that grew there4 ,even the brook which bubbled between the rocks wore the same dark hue1 and dashed along with none of that gladness with which streams are wont to flow that have the blue sky immediately above them4 ,now1 in the growing twilight of evening1 it looked altogether wild and gloomy between the heights4 ,the knight trotted anxiously along the edge of the brook1 fearful at one moment that by delay he might allow the fugitive to advance too far1 and1 at the next1 that by too great rapidity he might overlook her in case she were concealing herself from him4 ,meanwhile he had already penetrated quite a ways into the valley1 and might soon hope to overtake the maiden if he were on the right track1 but the fear that this might not be the case made his heart beat with anxiety4 ,where would the tender ,bertalda tarry through the stormy night1 which was so fearful in the valley1 should he fail to find her8 ,at length he saw something white gleaming through the branches on the slope of the mountain4 ,he thought he recognized ,bertalda's dress1 and turned his course in that direction4 ,but his horse refused to go forward2 it reared impatiently2 and its master1 unwilling to lose a moment1 and seeing moreover that the copse was impassable on horseback1 dismounted2 then1 fastening his snorting steed to an elm-tree1 he worked his way cautiously through the bushes4 ,the branches sprinkled his forehead and cheeks with the cold drops of the evening dew2 a distant roll of thunder was heard murmuring from the other side of the mountains2 everything looked so strange that he began to feel a dread of the white figure which now lay only a short distance from him on the ground4 ,still he could plainly see that it was a woman1 either asleep or in a swoon1 and that she was attired in long white garments such as ,bertalda had worn on that day4 ,he stepped close up to her1 made a rustling with the branches1 and let his sword clatter1 but she moved not4 ,bertalda6 he exclaimed1 at first in a low voice1 and then louder and louder--but still she heard not4 ,at last1 when he uttered the dear name with a more powerful effort1 a hollow echo from the mountain-caverns of the valley indistinctly reverberated ,bertalda6 but still the sleeper woke not4 ,he bent down over her2 the gloom of the valley and the obscurity of approaching night would not allow him to distinguish her features4 ,just as he was stooping closer over her with a feeling of painful doubt1 a flash of lightning shot across the valley1 he saw before him a frightfully distorted countenance1 and a hollow voice exclaimed1 ,give me a kiss1 you enamoured swain6 ,huldbrand sprang up with a cry of horror1 and the hideous figure rose with him4 ,go home6 it murmured2 wizards are on the watch4 ,go home1 or ,i will have you6 and it stretched out its long white arms toward him4 ,malicious ,khleborn6 cried the knight1 recovering himself4 ,hey1 'tis you1 you goblin8 ,there1 take your kiss6 ,and he furiously hurled his sword at the figure4 ,but it vanished like vapor1 and a gush of water which wetted him through left the knight in no doubt as to the foe with whom he had been engaged4 ,he wishes to frighten me back from ,bertalda1 said he aloud to himself2 he thinks to terrify me with his foolish tricks1 and to make me give up the poor distressed girl to him so that he can wreak his vengeance on her4 ,but he shall not do that1 weak spirit of the elements as he is4 ,no powerless phantom may understand what a human heart can do when its best energies are aroused4 ,he felt the truth of his words1 and that the very expression of them had inspired his heart with fresh courage4 ,it seemed too as if fortune were on his side1 for he had not reached his fastened horse when he distinctly heard ,bertalda's plaintive voice not far distant1 and could catch her weeping accents through the ever increasing tumult of the thunder and tempest4 ,he hurried swiftly in the direction of the sound1 and found the trembling girl just attempting to climb the steep in order to escape in any way from the dreadful gloom of the valley4 ,he stepped1 however1 lovingly in her path1 and1 bold and proud as her resolve had been before1 she now felt only too keenly the delight that the friend whom she so passionately loved should rescue her from this frightful solitude1 and that the joyous life in the castle should be again open to her4 ,she followed almost unresisting1 but so exhausted with fatigue that the knight was glad to lead her to his horse1 which he now hastily unfastened in order to lift the fair fugitive upon it2 and then1 cautiously holding the reins1 he hoped to proceed through the uncertain shades of the valley4 ,but the horse had become quite unmanageable from the wild apparition of ,khleborn4 ,even the knight would have had difficulty in mounting the rearing and snorting animal1 but to place the trembling ,bertalda on its back was perfectly impossible4 ,they determined therefore to return home on foot4 ,leading the horse after him by the bridle1 the knight supported the tottering girl with his other hand4 ,bertalda exerted all her strength to pass quickly through the fearful valley1 but weariness weighed her down like lead and every limb trembled1 partly from the terror she had endured when ,khleborn had pursued her1 and partly from her continued alarm at the howling of the storm and the pealing of the thunder through the wooded mountain4 ,at last she slid from the supporting arm of her protector1 and1 sinking down on the moss1 exclaimed1 ,let me lie here1 my noble lord2 ,i suffer the punishment due to my folly1 and ,i must now perish here anyhow through weariness and dread4 ,no1 sweet friend1 ,i will never leave you6 cried ,huldbrand1 vainly endeavoring to restrain his furious steed2 for1 worse than before1 it now began to foam and rear with excitement1 till at last the knight was glad to keep the animal at a sufficient distance from the exhausted maiden to save her from increasing fear4 ,but scarcely had he withdrawn a few paces with the wild steed than she began to call after him in the most pitiful manner1 believing that he was really going to leave her in this horrible wilderness4 ,he was utterly at a loss what course to take4 ,gladly would he have given the excited beast its liberty and have allowed it to rush away into the night and spend its fury1 had he not feared that in this narrow defile it might come thundering with its iron-shod hoofs over the very spot where ,bertalda lay4 ,in the midst of this extreme perplexity and distress he heard with delight the sound of a vehicle driving slowly down the stony road behind them4 ,he called out for help1 and a man's voice replied1 promising assistance1 but bidding him have patience2 and1 soon after1 two gray horses appeared through the bushes1 and beside them the driver in the white smock of a carter2 a great white linen cloth was next visible1 covering the goods apparently contained in the wagon4 ,at a loud shout from their master the obedient horses halted4 ,the driver then came toward the knight and helped him restrain his foaming animal4 ,i see well1 said he1 what ails the beast4 ,when ,i first traveled this way my horses acted no better4 ,the fact is1 there is an evil water-spirit haunting the place1 and he takes delight in this sort of mischief4 ,but ,i have learned a charm2 if you will let me whisper it in your horse's ear he will stand at once just as quiet as my gray beasts are doing there4 ,try your luck then1 only help us quickly6 exclaimed the impatient knight4 ,the wagoner then drew down the head of the rearing charger close to his own1 and whispered something in his ear4 ,in a moment the animal stood still and quiet1 and his quick panting and reeking condition were all that remained of his previous unmanageableness4 ,huldbrand had no time to inquire how all this had been effected4 ,he agreed with the carter that he should take ,bertalda on his wagon1 where1 as the man assured him1 there was a quantity of soft cotton bales upon which she could be conveyed to ,castle ,ringstetten1 and the knight was to accompany them on horseback4 ,but the horse appeared too much exhausted by its past fury to be able to carry its master so far1 so the ,carter persuaded ,huldbrand to get into the wagon with ,bertalda4 ,the horse could be tethered on behind4 ,we are going down hill1 said he1 and that will make it light for my gray beasts4 ,the knight accepted the offer and entered the wagon with ,bertalda2 the horse followed patiently behind1 and the wagoner1 steady and attentive1 walked by the side4 ,in the stillness of the night1 as its darkness deepened and the subsiding tempest sounded more and more remote1 encouraged by the sense of security and their fortunate escape a confidential conversation arose between ,huldbrand and ,bertalda4 ,with flattering words he reproached her for her daring flight2 she excused herself with humility and emotion1 and from every word she said a gleam shone forth which disclosed distinctly to the lover that the beloved was his4 ,the knight felt the sense of her words far more than he regarded their meaning1 and it was the sense alone to which he replied4 ,presently the wagoner suddenly shouted with a loud voice4 ,up1 my grays1 up with your feet1 keep together6 ,remember who you are6 ,the knight leaned out of the wagon and saw that the horses were stepping into the midst of a foaming stream or were already almost swimming1 while the wheels of the wagon were rushing round and gleaming like mill-wheels1 and the wagoner had climbed up in front in consequence of the increasing waters4 ,what sort of a road is this8 ,it goes into the very middle of the stream1 cried ,huldbrand to his guide4 ,not at all1 sir1 returned the other laughing1 it is just the reverse2 the stream goes into the very middle of our road4 ,look round and see how every thing is covered by the water4 ,the whole valley indeed was suddenly filled with the surging flood1 that visibly increased4 ,it is ,khleborn1 the evil water-spirit1 who wishes to drown us6 exclaimed the knight4 ,have you no charm against him1 my friend8 ,i know indeed of one1 returned the wagoner1 but ,i cannot and may not use it until you know who ,i am4 ,is this a time for riddles8 cried the knight4 ,the flood is ever rising higher1 and what does it matter to me to know who you are8 ,it does matter to you1 though1 said the wagoner1 for ,i am ,khleborn4 ,so saying1 he thrust his distorted face into the wagon with a grin1 but the wagon was a wagon no longer1 the horses were not horses--all was transformed to foam and vanished in the hissing waves1 and even the wagoner himself1 rising as a gigantic billow1 drew down the vainly struggling horse beneath the waters1 and then1 swelling higher and higher1 swept over the heads of the floating pair1 like some liquid tower1 threatening to bury them irrecoverably4 ,just then the soft voice of ,undine sounded through the uproar1 the moon emerged from the clouds1 and by its light ,undine was seen on the heights above the valley4 ,she rebuked1 she threatened the floods below2 the menacing tower-like wave vanished1 muttering and murmuring1 the waters flowed gently away in the moonlight1 and1 like a white dove1 ,undine flew down from the height1 seized the knight and ,bertalda1 and bore them with her to a fresh1 green1 turfy spot on the hill1 where with choice refreshing restoratives she dispelled their terrors and weariness2 then she assisted ,bertalda to mount the white palfrey1 on which she had herself ridden here1 and thus all three returned to ,castle ,ringstetten4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,the ,journey to ,vienna ,after this last adventure they lived quietly and happily at the castle4 ,the knight more and more clearly perceived the heavenly goodness of his wife1 which had been so nobly exhibited by her pursuit and her rescue in the ,black ,valley1 where ,khleborn's power again commenced2 ,undine herself felt that peace and security which is never lacking to a mind so long as it is distinctly conscious of being on the right path1 and1 besides1 in the newly-awakened love and esteem of her husband many a gleam of hope and joy shone upon her4 ,bertalda1 on the other hand1 showed herself grateful1 humble1 and timid1 without regarding her conduct as anything meritorious4 ,whenever ,huldbrand or ,undine were about to give her any explanation regarding the covering of the fountain or the adventure in the ,black ,valley1 she would earnestly entreat them to spare her the recital1 as she felt too much shame at the recollection of the fountain and too much fear at the remembrance of the ,black ,valley4 ,she learned therefore nothing further of either2 and for what end was such knowledge necessary8 ,peace and joy had visibly taken up their abode at ,castle ,ringstetten4 ,they felt secure on this point1 and imagined that life could now produce nothing but pleasant flowers and fruits4 ,in this happy condition of things winter had come and passed away1 and spring with its fresh green shoots and its blue sky was gladdening the joyous inmates of the castle4 ,spring was in harmony with them1 and they with spring2 what wonder then that its storks and swallows inspired them also with a desire to travel8 ,one day when they were taking a pleasant walk to one of the sources of the ,danube1 ,huldbrand spoke of the magnificence of the noble river1 how it widened as it flowed through countries fertilized by its waters1 how the charming city of ,vienna shone forth on its banks1 and how with every step of its course it increased in power and loveliness4 ,it must be glorious to go down the river as far as ,vienna6 exclaimed ,bertalda1 but immediately relapsing into her present modesty and humility she paused and blushed deeply4 ,this touched ,undine deeply1 and with the liveliest desire to give pleasure to her friend she asked1 ,what hinders us from starting on the little voyage8 ,bertalda exhibited the greatest delight1 and both she and ,undine began at once to picture in the brightest colors the tour of the ,danube4 ,huldbrand also gladly agreed to the prospect2 only he once whispered anxiously in ,undine's ear1 ,but ,khleborn becomes possessed of his power again out there6 ,let him come1 she replied with a smile2 ,i shall be there1 and he ventures upon none of his mischief before me4 ,the last impediment was thus removed2 they prepared for the journey1 and soon after set out upon it with fresh spirits and the brightest hopes4 ,but wonder not1 ,o man1 if events always turn out different from what we have intended6 ,that malicious power1 lurking for our destruction1 gladly lulls its chosen victim to sleep with sweet songs and golden fairy tales2 while on the other hand the rescuing messenger from ,heaven often knocks sharply and alarmingly at our door4 ,during the first few days of their voyage down the ,danube they were extremely happy4 ,everything grew more and more beautiful1 as they sailed further and further down the proudly flowing stream4 ,but in a region1 otherwise so pleasant1 and in the enjoyment of which they had promised themselves the purest delight1 the ungovernable ,khleborn began1 undisguisedly1 to exhibit his power1 which started again at this point4 ,this was indeed manifested in mere teasing tricks1 for ,undine often rebuked the agitated waves or the contrary winds1 and then the violence of the enemy would be immediately submissive2 but again the attacks would be renewed1 and again ,undine's reproofs would become necessary1 so that the pleasure of the little party was completely destroyed4 ,the boatmen too were continually whispering to one another in dismay and looking with distrust at the three strangers whose servants even began more and more to forebode something uncanny and to watch their masters with suspicious glances4 ,huldbrand often said to himself1 ,this comes from like not being linked with like1 from a man uniting himself with a mermaid6 ,excusing himself1 as we all love to do1 he would often think indeed as he said this1 ,i did not really know that she was a sea-maiden4 ,mine is the misfortune that every step ,i take is disturbed and haunted by the wild caprices of her race2 but mine is not the guilt4 ,by such thoughts as these he felt himself in some measure strengthened1 but1 on the other hand1 he felt increasing ill-humor and almost animosity toward ,undine4 ,he would look at her with an expression of anger1 the meaning of which the poor wife understood well4 ,wearied with this exhibition of displeasure and exhausted by the constant effort to frustrate ,khleborn's artifices1 she sank one evening into a deep slumber1 rocked soothingly by the softly gliding bark4 ,scarcely1 however1 had she closed her eyes when every one in the vessel imagined he saw1 in whatever direction he turned1 a most horrible human head2 it rose out of the waves1 not like that of a person swimming1 but perfectly perpendicular as if invisibly supported upright on the watery surface and floating along in the same course with the bark4 ,each wanted to point out to the other the cause of his alarm1 but each found the same expression of horror depicted on the face of his neighbor1 only that his hands and eyes were directed to a different point where the monster1 half laughing and half threatening1 rose before him4 ,when1 however1 they all wished to make one another understand what each saw1 and all were crying out1 ,look there--6 ,no--there6 the horrible heads all appeared simultaneously to their view1 and the whole river around the vessel swarmed with the most hideous apparitions4 ,the universal cry raised at the sight awoke ,undine4 ,as she opened her eyes the wild crowd of distorted visages disappeared4 ,but ,huldbrand was indignant at such unsightly jugglery4 ,he would have burst forth in uncontrolled imprecations had not ,undine said to him with a humble manner and a softly imploring tone1 ,for ,god's sake1 my husband1 we are on the water2 do not be angry with me now4 ,the knight was silent1 and sat down absorbed in reverie4 ,undine whispered in his ear1 ,would it not be better1 my love1 if we gave up this foolish journey and returned to ,castle ,ringstetten in peace8 ,but ,huldbrand murmured moodily1 ,so ,i must be a prisoner in my own castle and be able to breathe only so long as the fountain is closed6 ,i would your mad kindred-- ,undine lovingly pressed her fair hand upon his lips4 ,he paused1 pondering in silence over much that ,undine had before said to him4 ,bertalda had meanwhile given herself up to a variety of strange thoughts4 ,she knew a good deal of ,undine's origin1 and yet not the whole1 and the fearful ,khleborn especially had remained to her a terrible but wholly unrevealed mystery4 ,she had indeed never even heard his name4 ,musing on these strange things1 she unclasped1 scarcely conscious of the act2 a gold necklace1 which ,huldbrand had lately purchased for her of a traveling trader2 half dreamingly she drew it along the surface of the water1 enjoying the light glimmer it cast upon the evening-tinted stream4 ,suddenly a huge hand was stretched out of the ,danube1 seizing the necklace and vanishing with it beneath the waters4 ,bertalda screamed aloud1 and a scornful laugh resounded from the depths of the stream4 ,the knight could now restrain his anger no longer4 ,starting up1 he inveighed against the river2 he cursed all who ventured to intrude upon his family and his life1 and challenged them1 be they spirits or sirens1 to show themselves before his avenging sword4 ,bertalda wept meanwhile for her lost ornament1 which was so precious to her1 and her tears added fuel to the flame of the knight's anger1 while ,undine held her hand over the side of the vessel1 dipping it into the water1 softly murmuring to herself1 and only now and then interrupting her strange mysterious whisper1 as she entreated her husband1 ,my dearly loved one1 do not scold me here2 reprove others if you will1 but not me here4 ,you know why6 ,and indeed1 he restrained the words of anger that were trembling on his tongue4 ,presently in her wet hand which she had been holding under the waves she brought up a beautiful coral necklace of so much brilliancy that the eyes of all were dazzled by it4 ,take this1 said she1 holding it out kindly to ,bertalda2 ,i have ordered this to be brought for you as a compensation1 and don't be grieved any more1 my poor child4 ,but the knight sprang between them4 ,he tore the beautiful ornament from ,undine's hand1 hurled it again into the river1 exclaiming in passionate rage1 ,have you then still a connection with them8 ,in the name of all the witches1 remain among them with your presents and leave us mortals in peace1 you sorceress6 ,poor ,undine gazed at him with fixed but tearful eyes1 her hand still stretched out as when she had offered her beautiful present so lovingly to ,bertalda4 ,she then began to weep more and more violently1 like a dear innocent child1 bitterly afflicted4 ,at last1 wearied out1 she said3 ,alas1 sweet friend1 alas6 farewell6 ,they shall do you no harm2 only remain true1 so that ,i may be able to keep them from you4 ,i must1 alas1 go away2 ,i must go hence at this early stage of life4 ,oh woe1 woe6 ,what have you done6 ,oh woe1 woe6 ,she vanished over the side of the vessel4 ,whether she plunged into the stream or flowed away with it1 they knew not2 her disappearance was like both and neither4 ,soon1 however1 she was completely lost sight of in the ,danube2 only a few little waves kept whispering1 as if sobbing1 round the boat1 and they almost seemed to be saying3 ,oh woe1 woe6 ,oh1 remain true6 ,oh1 woe6 ,huldbrand lay on the deck of the vessel1 bathed in hot tears1 and a deep swoon presently cast its veil of forgetfulness over the unhappy man4 ,,wilhelm ,,hauff 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cavalryman',s ,,morning ,,song#dg 7#ahbf7 ,crimson morn1 ,shalt thou light me o'er ,death's bourn8 ,soon will ring the trumpet's call2 ,then may ,i be marked to fall1 ,i and many a comrade brave6 ,scarce enjoyed1 ,pleasure drops into the void4 ,yesterday on champing stallion2 ,picked today for ,death's battalion2 ,couched tomorrow in the grave6 ,ah6 how soon ,fleeth grace and beauty's noon6 ,hast thou pride in cheeks aglow1 ,whereon cream and carmine flow8 ,ah6 the loveliest rose turns sere6 ,therefore still ,i respond to ,god's high will4 ,to the last stern fight ,i'll fit me2 ,if to ,death ,i must submit me1 ,dies a dauntless cavalier6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,sentinel#dh 7#ahbg7 ,lonely at night my watch ,i keep1 ,while all the world is hush'd in sleep4 ,then tow'rd my home my thoughts will rove2 ,i think upon my distant love4 ,illustration3 ,,wilhelm ,,hauff ,when to the wars ,i march'd away1 ,my hat she deck'd with ribbons gay2 ,she fondly press'd me to her heart1 ,and wept to think that we must part4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,sentinal ,truly she loves me1 ,i am sure1 ,so ev'ry hardship ,i endure2 ,my heart beats warm1 though cold's the night2 ,her image makes the darkness bright4 ,now by the twinkling taper's gleam1 ,her bed she seeks1 of me to dream1 ,but ere she sleeps she kneels to pray ,for one who loves her far away4 ,for me those tears thou needst not shed2 ,no danger fills my heart with dread2 ,the pow'rs who dwell in heav'n above ,are ever watchful o'er thy love4 ,the bell peals forth from yon watch-tower2 ,the guard it changes at this hour4 ,sleep well6 sleep well6 my heart's with thee2 ,and in your dreams remember me4 ,,friedrich ,r,,ckert 99 99 99 99 99 ,,barbarossa#di 7,between #ahad and #ahag7 ,the ancient ,barbarossa1 ,friedrich1 the ,kaiser great1 ,within the castle-cavern ,sits in enchanted state4 ,he did not die2 but ever ,waits in the chamber deep1 ,where hidden under the castle ,he sat himself to sleep4 ,the splendor of the ,empire ,he took with him away1 ,and back to earth will bring it ,when dawns the promised day4 ,the chair is ivory purest ,whereof he makes his bed2 ,the table is of marble ,whereon he props his head4 ,his beard1 not flax1 but burning ,with fierce and fiery glow1 ,right through the marble table ,beneath his chair does grow4 ,he nods in dreams and winketh ,with dull1 half-open eyes1 ,and once a page he beckons beckons-- ,a page that standeth by4 ,illustration3 ,,friedrich ,r,,ckert ,he bids the boy in slumber ,o dwarf1 go up this hour1 ,and see if still the ravens ,are flying round the tower2 ,and if the ancient ravens ,still wheel above us here1 ,then must ,i sleep enchanted ,for many a hundred year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,my ,,childhood ,,days#ej 7#ahag1 #ahah7 ,from my childhood days1 from my childhood days1 ,rings an old song's plaintive tone-- ,oh1 how long the ways1 oh1 how long the ways ,i since have gone6 ,what the swallow sang1 what the swallow sang1 ,in spring or in autumn warm-- ,do its echoes hang1 do its echoes hang ,about the farm8 ,when ,i went away1 when ,i went away1 ,full coffers and chests were there2 ,when ,i came today1 when ,i came today1 ,all1 all was bare6 ,childish lips so wise1 childish lips so wise1 ,with a lore as rich as gold1 ,knowing all birds' cries1 knowing all birds' cries1 ,like the sage of old6 ,ah1 the dear old place--ah1 the dear old place 99 99 99 ,may its sweet consoling gleam ,shine upon my face1 shine upon my face1 ,once in a dream6 ,when ,i went away1 when ,i went away1 ,full of joy the world lay there2 ,when ,i came today1 when ,i came today1 ,all1 all was bare4 ,still the swallows come1 still the swallows come1 ,and the empty chest is filled-- ,but this longing dumb1 but this longing dumb ,shall ne'er be stilled4 ,nay1 no swallow brings1 nay1 no swallow brings ,thee again where thou wast before-- ,though the swallow sings1 though the swallow sings1 ,still as of yore4 ,when ,i went away1 when ,i went away1 ,full coffers and chests were there2 ,when ,i came today1 when ,i came today1 ,all1 all was bare6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,spring ,,of ,,love#ea 7#ahba7 ,dearest1 thy discourses steal ,from my bosom's deep1 my heart ,how can ,i from thee conceal ,my delight1 my sorrow's smart8 ,dearest1 when ,i hear thy lyre ,from its chains my soul is free4 ,to the holy angel quire ,from the earth1 ,o let us flee6 ,illustration3 ,,memories ,,of ,,youth ,dearest1 how thy music's charms ,waft me dancing through the sky6 ,let me round thee clasp my arms1 ,lest in glory ,i should die6 ,dearest1 sunny wreaths ,i wear1 ,twined around me by thy lay4 ,for thy garlands1 rich and rare1 ,o how can ,i thank thee8 ,say6 ,like the angels ,i would be ,without mortal frame1 ,whose sweet converse is like thought1 ,sounding with acclaim2 ,or like flowers in the dale2 ,like the stars that glow1 ,whose love-song's a beam1 whose words ,like sweet odors flow2 ,or like to the breeze of morn1 ,waving round its rose1 ,in love's dallying caress ,melting as it blows4 ,but the love-lorn nightingale ,melteth not away2 ,she doth but with longing tones ,chant her plaintive lay4 ,i am1 too1 a nightingale1 ,songless though ,i sing2 ',tis my pen that speaks1 though ne'er ,in the ear it ring4 ,beaming images of thought ,doth the pen portray2 ,but without thy gentle smile ,lifeless e'er are they4 ,as thy look falls on the leaf1 ,it begins to sing1 ,and the prize that's due to love ,in her ear doth ring4 ,like a ,memmon's statue now ,every letter seems1 ,which in music wakes1 when kissed ,by the morning's beams4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,he ,,came ,,to ,,meet ,,me#eb 7#ahba7 ,he came to meet me ,in rain and thunder2 ,my heart 'gan beating ,in timid wonder4 ,could ,i guess whither ,thenceforth together ,our path should run1 so long asunder8 ,he came to meet me ,in rain and thunder1 ,with guile to cheat me-- ,my heart to plunder4 ,was't mine he captured8 ,or his ,i raptured8 ,half-way both met1 in bliss and wonder6 ,he came to meet me ,in rain and thunder2 ,spring-blessings greet me ,spring-blossoms under4 ,what though he leave me8 ,no partings grieve me-- ,no path can lead our hearts asunder4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,invitation#ec 7#ahba7 ,thou1 thou art rest ,and peace of soul-- ,thou woundst the breast ,and makst it whole4 ,to thee ,i vow ',mid joy or pain ,my heart1 where thou ,mayst aye remain4 ,then enter free1 ,and bar the door ,to all but thee ,forevermore4 ,all other woes ,thy charms shall lull2 ,of sweet repose ,this heart be full4 ,my worshipping eyes ,thy presence bright ,shall still suffice1 ,their only light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,murmur ,,not#ed ,murmur not and say thou art in fetters holden1 ,murmur not that thou earth's heavy yoke must bear4 ,say not that a prison is this world so golden-- ',tis thy murmurs only set its harsh walls there4 ,question not how shall this riddle find its reading2 ,it will solve itself full soon without thine aid4 ,say not love hath turned his back1 and left thee bleeding-- ,whom hath love deserted1 hast thou heard it said8 ,if death tries to fright thee1 fear not beyond measure2 ,he will flee from those who boldly face his frown4 ,hunt not thou the fleeting deer of worldly pleasure-- ,lion it will turn1 and hunt the hunter down4 ,chain thyself no longer1 heart1 to any treasure2 ,then thou shalt not say thou art into fetters thrown4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,parable#ee 7#ahbb7 ,in ,syria walked a man one day ,and led a camel on the way4 ,a sudden wildness seized the beast1 ,and as they strove its rage increased4 ,so fearsome grew its savagery ,that for his life the man must flee4 ,and as he ran1 he spied a cave ,that one last chance of safety gave4 ,he heard the snorting beast behind ,come nearer--with distracted mind ,leaped where the cooling fountain sprang1 ,yet not to fall1 but catch and hang2 ,by lucky hap a bramble wild ,grew where the o'erhanging rocks were piled4 ,he saved himself by this alone1 ,and did his hapless state bemoan4 ,he looked above1 and there was yet ,too close the furious camel's threat ,that still of fearful rage was full4 ,he dropped his eyes toward the pool1 ,and saw within the shadows dim ,a dragon's jaws agape for him-- ,a still more fierce and dangerous foe ,if he should slip and fall below4 ,so1 hanging midway of the two1 ,he spied a cause of terror new3 ,where to the rock's deep crevice clung ,the slender root on which he swung1 ,a little pair of mice he spied1 ,a black and white one side by side-- ,first one and then the other saw ,the slender stem alternate gnaw4 ,they gnawed and bit with ceaseless toil1 ,and from the roots they tossed the soil4 ,as down it ran in trickling stream1 ,the dragon's eyes shot forth a gleam ,of hungry expectation1 gazed ,where o'er him still the man was raised1 ,to see how soon the bush would fall1 ,the burden that it bore1 and all4 ,that man in utmost fear and dread ,surrounded1 threatened1 hard bested1 ,in such a state of dire suspense ,looked vainly round for some defense4 ,and as he cast his bloodshot eye ,first here1 then there1 saw hanging nigh ,a branch with berries ripe and red2 ,then longing mastered all his dread2 ,no more the camel's rage he saw1 ,nor yet the lurking dragon's maw1 ,nor malice of the gnawing mice1 ,when once the berries caught his eyes4 ,the furious beast might rage above1 ,the dragon watch his every move1 ,the mice gnaw on--naught heeded he1 ,but seized the berries greedily-- ,in pleasing of his appetite ,the furious beast forgotten quite4 ,you ask1 ,what man could ever yet1 ,so foolish1 all his fears forget8 ,then know1 my friend1 that man are you-- ,and see the meaning plain to view4 ,the dragon in the pool beneath ,sets forth the yawning jaws of death2 ,the beast from which you helpless flee ,is life and all its misery4 ,there you must hang 'twixt life and death ,while in this world you draw your breath4 ,the mice1 whose pitiless gnawing teeth ,will let you to the pool beneath ,fall down1 a hopeless castaway1 ,are but the change of night and day4 ,the black one gnaws concealed from sight ,till comes again the morning light2 ,from dawn until the eve is gray1 ,ceaseless the white one gnaws away4 ,and1 'midst this dreadful choice of ills1 ,pleasure of sense your spirit fills ,till you forget the terrors grim ,that wait to tear you limb from limb1 ,the gnawing mice of day and night1 ,and pay no heed to aught in sight ,except to fill your mouth with fruit ,that in the grave-clefts has its root4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,evening ,,song#ef 7#ahbc7 ,i stood on the mountain summit1 ,at the hour when the sun did set2 ,i mark'd how it hung o'er the woodland ,the evening's golden net4 ,and1 with the dew descending1 ,a peace on the earth there fell-- ,and nature lay hushed in quiet1 ,at the voice of the evening bell4 ,i said1 ,o heart1 consider ,what silence all things keep1 ,and with each child of the meadow ,prepare thyself to sleep6 ,for every flower is closing ,in silence its little eye2 ,and every wave in the brooklet ,more softly murmureth by4 ,the weary caterpillar ,hath nestled beneath the weeds2 ,all wet with dew now slumbers ,the dragon-fly in the reeds4 ,the golden beetle hath laid him ,in a rose-leaf cradle to rock2 ,now went to their nightly shelter ,the shepherd and his flock4 ,the lark from on high is seeking ,in the moistened grass her nest2 ,the hart and the hind have laid them ,in their woodland haunt to rest4 ,and whoso owneth a cottage ,to slumber hath laid him down2 ,and he that roams among strangers ,in dreams shall behold his own4 ,and now doth a yearning seize me1 ,at this hour of peace and love1 ,that ,i cannot reach the dwelling1 ,the home that is mine1 above4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chidher#eg 7#ahbd7 ,chidher1 the ever youthful1 told3 ,i passed a city1 bright to see2 ,a man was culling fruits of gold1 ,i asked him how old this town might be4 ,he answered1 culling as before ,this town stood ever in days of yore1 ,and will stand on forevermore6 ,five hundred years from yonder day ,i passed again the selfsame way1 ,and of the town ,i found no trace2 ,a shepherd blew on a reed instead2 ,his herd was grazing on the place4 ,how long1 ,i asked1 is the city dead8 ,he answered1 blowing as before ,the new crop grows the old one o'er1 ,this was my pasture evermore6 ,five hundred years from yonder day ,i passed again the selfsame way4 ,a sea ,i found1 the tide was full1 ,a sailor emptied nets with cheer2 ,and when he rested from his pull1 ,i asked how long that sea was here4 ,then laughed he with a hearty roar ,as long as waves have washed this shore ,they fished here ever in days of yore4 ,five hundred years from yonder day ,i passed again the selfsame way4 ,i found a forest settlement1 ,and o'er his axe1 a tree to fell1 ,i saw a man in labor bent4 ,how old this wood ,i bade him tell4 ',tis everlasting1 long before ,i lived it stood in days of yore1 ,he quoth2 and shall grow evermore4 ,five hundred years from yonder day ,i passed again the selfsame way4 ,i saw a town2 the market-square ,was swarming with a noisy throng4 ,how long1 ,i asked1 has this town been there8 ,where are wood and sea and shepherd's song8 ,they cried1 nor heard among the roar ,this town was ever so before1 ,and so will live forevermore6 ,five hundred years from yonder day ,i want to pass the selfsame way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at ,,forty ,,years#eh 7#ahcb7 ,when for forty years we've climbed the rugged mountain1 ,we stop and backward gaze2 ,yonder still we see our childhood's peaceful fountain1 ,and youth exulting strays4 ,one more glance behind1 and then1 new strength acquiring1 ,staff grasped1 no longer stay2 ,see1 a further slope1 a long one1 still aspiring ,ere downward turns the way6 ,take a brave long breath and toward the summit hie thee-- ,the goal shall draw thee on2 ,when thou think'st it least1 the destined end is nigh thee-- ,sudden1 the journey's done6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,before ,,the ,,doors#ei ,i went to knock at ,riches' door2 ,they threw me a farthing the threshold o'er4 ,to the door of ,love did ,i then repair-- ,but fifteen others already were there4 ,to ,honor's castle ,i took my flight-- ,they opened to none but to belted knight4 ,the house of ,labor ,i sought to win-- ,but ,i heard a wailing sound within4 ,to the house of ,content ,i sought the way-- ,but none could tell me where it lay4 ,one quiet house ,i yet could name1 ,where last of all1 ,i'll admittance claim2 ,many the guests that have knocked before1 ,but still--in the grave--there's room for more4 ,illustration3 ,,august ,,graf ,,von ,,platen-,,hallermund ,,august ,,von ,,platen-,,hallermund 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,pilgrim ,,before ,,st4 ,,just',s#fj 7#ahai7 ',tis night1 and tempests whistle o'er the moor2 ,oh1 ,spanish father1 ope the door6 ,deny me not the little boon ,i crave1 ,thine order's vesture1 and a grave6 ,grant me a cell within thy convent-shrine-- ,half of this world1 and more1 was mine2 ,the head that to the tonsure now stoops down ,was circled once by many a crown2 ,the shoulders fretted now with shirt of hair ,did once the imperial ermine wear4 ,now am ,i as the dead1 e'er death is come1 ,and sink in ruins like old ,rome4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,grave ,,of ,,alaric#fa 7#ahbj7 ,on ,busento's grassy banks a muffled chorus echoes nightly1 ,while the swirling eddies answer and the wavelets ripple lightly4 ,up and down the river1 shades of ,gothic warriors watch are keeping1 ,for they mourn their people's hero1 ,alaric1 with sobs of weeping4 ,all too soon and far from home and kindred here to rest they laid him1 ,while in youthful beauty still his flowing golden curls arrayed him4 ,and along the river's bank a thousand hands with eager striving ,labored long1 another channel for ,busento's tide contriving4 ,then a cavern deep they hollowed in the river-bed depleted1 ,placed therein the dead king1 clad in proof1 upon his charger seated4 ,o'er him and his proud array the earth they filled1 and covered loosely1 ,so that on their hero's grave the water-plants would grow profusely4 ,and again the course they altered of ,busento's waters troubled2 ,in its ancient channel rushed the current--foamed1 and hissed1 and bubbled4 ,and the ,goths in chorus chanted3 ,hero1 sleep6 ,tiny fame immortal ,roman greed shall ne'er insult1 nor break thy tomb's most sacred portal6 ,thus they sang1 and paeans sounded high above the fight's commotion2 ,onward roll1 ,busento's waves1 and bear them to the farthest ocean6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remorse#fb 7#ahbj7 ,how ,i started up in the night1 in the night1 ,drawn on without rest or reprieval6 ,the streets with their watchmen were lost to my sight1 ,as ,i wandered so light ,in the night1 in the night1 ,through the gate with the arch medieval4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,morning ,,hour ,the mill-brook rushed from its rocky height2 ,i leaned o'er the bridge in my yearning2 ,deep under me watched ,i the waves in their flight1 ,as they glided so light ,in the night1 in the night1 ,yet backward not one was returning4 ,o'erhead were revolving1 so countless and bright1 ,the stars in melodious existence2 ,and with them the moon1 more serenely bedight2 ,they sparkled so light ,in the night1 in the night1 ,through the magical1 measureless distance4 ,and upward ,i gazed in the night1 in the night1 ,and again on the waves in their fleeting2 ,ah woe6 thou hast wasted thy days in delight2 ,now silence1 thou light1 ,in the night1 in the night1 ,the remorse in thy heart that is beating4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,would ,i ,,were ,,free ,,as ,,are ,,my ,,dreams#fc 7#ahbb7 ,would ,i were free as are my dreams1 ,sequestered from the garish crowd ,to glide by banks of quiet streams ,cooled by the shadow-drifting cloud6 ,free to shake off this weary weight ,of human sin1 and rest instead ,on nature's heart inviolate-- ,all summer singing o'er my head6 ,there would ,i never disembark1 ,nay1 only graze the flowery shore ,to pluck a rose beneath the lark1 ,then go my liquid way once more1 ,and watch1 far off1 the drowsy lines ,of herded cattle crop and pass1 ,the vintagers among the vines1 ,the mowers in the dewy grass2 ,and nothing would ,i drink or eat ,save heaven's clear sunlight and the spring ,of earth's own welling waters sweet1 ,that never make the pulses sting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sonnet#fd 7#ahbb7 ,oh1 he whose pain means life1 whose life means pain1 ,may feel again what ,i have felt before2 ,who has beheld his bliss above him soar ,and1 when he sought it1 fly away again2 ,who in a labyrinth has tried in vain1 ,when he has lost his way1 to find a door2 ,whom love has singled out for nothing more ,than with despondency his soul to bane2 ,who begs each lightning for a deadly stroke1 ,each stream to drown the heart that cannot heal ,from all the cruel stabs by which it broke2 ,who does begrudge the dead their beds like steel ,where they are safe from love's beguiling yoke-- ,he knows me quite1 and feels what ,i must feel4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,from ,addresses on ,religion 7,discourse ,,iv74 ,footnote #b3 ,this refers to the second book1 which takes the form of a dialogue between the inquirer and a ,spirit4 ,footnote #c3 ,an allusion to the second book4 ,footnote #d3 ,the audience gathered in the building of the ,royal ,academy at ,berlin4--,,ed4 ,footnote #e3 ,j4,g4 ,hamann4 ,hellenistische ,briefe ,i1 #ahi4 ,footnote #f3 ,goethe4 ,werke 7#ahdj7 xxx41 #ceb4 ,mr4 ,ward's translation of ,goethe's ,essays on ,art1 p4 #gf4 ,footnote #g3 ,selections translated by ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #h3 ,permission ,george ,bell ,son1 ,london4 ,footnote #i3 ,translator3 ,h4,w4 ,dulcken4 ,permission ,ward1 ,lock ,company1 ,ltd41 ,london4 ,footnote #aj3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #aa3 ,translator3 ,c4,t4 ,brooks4 ,footnote #ab3 ,translator3 ,herman ,montagu ,donner4 ,footnote #ac3 ,translator3 ,c4,t4 ,brooks4 ,footnote #ad3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #ae3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #af3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #ag3 ,translator3 ,c4,t4 ,brooks4 ,footnote #ah3 ,translator3 ,w4,w4 ,skeat4 ,footnote #ai3 ,translator3 ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,footnote #bj3 ,translator3 ,c4,t4 ,brooks4 ,footnote #ba3 ,translator3 ,percy ,mackaye4 ,footnote #bb3 ,translator3 ,alfred ,baskerville4 ,footnote #bc3 ,translator3 ,w4,w4 ,skeat4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #bd3 ,translator3 ,w4,w4 ,skeat4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #be3 ,translator3 ,h4,w4 ,dulcken4 ,permission ,ward1 ,lock ,company1 ,ltd41 ,london4 ,footnote #bf3 ,translator3 ,w4,h4 ,furness4 ,footnote #bg3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg ,footnote #bh3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #bi3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #cj3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #ca3 ,translator3 ,c4,t4 ,brooks4 ,footnote #cb3 ,translator3 ,w4,h4 ,furness4 ,footnote #cc3 ,translator3 ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #cd3 ,translator3 ,kate ,freiligrath-,kroeker4 ,permission ,william ,heinemann1 ,london4 ,footnote #ce3 ,translator3 ,c4,g4 ,leland4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #cf3 ,translator3 ,alfred ,baskerville4 ,footnote #cg3 ,translator3 ,alfred ,baskerville4 ,footnote #ch3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman ,footnote #ci3 ,translator3 ,alfred ,baskerville ,footnote #dj3 ,translators3 ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani4 ,from ,a ,sheaf of ,poems1 permission ,r4,g4 ,badger1 ,boston4 ,footnote #da3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #db3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #dc3 ,from the ,foreign ,quarterly ,footnote #dd3 ,chapters #b1 #f1 #h4 ,footnote #de3 ,an imaginary musical enthusiast of whom ,hoffmann has written much2 under the fiery1 sensitive1 wayward character of this crazy bandmaster1 presenting1 it would seem1 a shadowy likeness of himself4 ,the ,kreisleriana occupy a large space among these ,fantasy-pieces2 and ,johannes ,kreisler is the main figure in ,kater ,murr1 ,hoffmann's favorite but unfinished work4 ,in the third and last volume1 ,kreisler was to end1 not in composure and illumination1 as the critics would have required1 but in utter madness3 a sketch of a wild1 flail-like scarecrow1 dancing vehemently and blowing soap-bubbles1 and which had been intended to front the last title-page1 was found among ,hoffmann's papers1 and engraved and published in his ,life and ,remains4 ,footnote #df3 ,permission ,bernhard ,tauchnitz1 ,leipzig4 ,footnote #dg3 ,translator3 ,herman ,montagu ,donner4 ,footnote #dh3 ,translator3 ,john ,oxenford4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #di3 ,translators3 ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani4 ,from ,a ,sheaf of ,poems1 permission ,r4,g4 ,badger1 ,boston4 ,footnote #ej3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,this is a working-over of an old popular song in imitation of the swallow's cry1 found in various dialect-forms in different parts of ,germany4 ,the most widespread version is3 ,wenn ich wegzieh'1 wenn ich wegzieh'1 ,sind ,kisten and ,kasten voll6' ,wann ich wiederkomm'1 wann ich wiederkomm'1 ,ist alles verzehrt4 ,footnote #ea3 ,translator3 ,alfred ,baskerville4 ,footnote #eb3 ,translator3 ,bayard ,taylor4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #ec3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #ed3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #ee3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #ef3 ,translator3 ,h4,w4 ,dulcken4 ,from ,book of ,german ,songs1 permission ,ward1 ,lock ,company1 ,ltd41 ,london4 ,footnote #eg3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4 ,footnote #eh3 ,translator3 ,a4,i4 du ,p4 ,coleman4 ,footnote #ei3 ,translator3 ,h4,w4 ,dulcken4 ,permission ,ward1 ,lock ,company1 ,ltd41 ,london4 ,footnote #fj3 ,translator3 ,lord ,lindsay4 ,from ,ballads1 ,songs and ,poems4 ,footnote #fa3 ,translators3 ,bayard ,taylor and ,lilian ,bayard ,taylor ,kiliani4 ,from ,a ,sheaf of ,poems1 permission ,r4,g4 ,badger1 ,boston4 ,footnote #fb3 ,translator3 ,henry ,w4 ,longfellow4 ,from ,representative ,german ,poems1 ,henry ,holt ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #fc3 ,translator3 ,percy ,mac,kaye4 ,footnote #fd3 ,translator3 ,margarete ,mnsterberg4