,,il ,,convito ,,! ,,banquet ,,( ,,dante ,,alighi]i ,translat$ ,by ,elizabe? ,price ,say] ,) ,an ,introduction ,by ,h5ry ,morely ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ,( ,engli% ,lit]ature ,at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london #ahhg ,,introduction4 ,?is translation ( ,dante's ,convito--! fir/ 9 ,engli%--is f ! h& ( a lady ^: en?usiasm = ! g5ius ( ,dante has made x a *ief pleasure ( h] life to dwell on x by translat+1 n 8 ,div9e ,com$y only1 b also ! :ole body ( 8 o!r works4 ,among ^? works ! ,vita ,nuova & ! ,convito h a di/9ct place1 z lead+ up to ! great ma/]piece4 ,9 ! ,new ,life1 ,man />ts on 8 c>e] ) human love t po9ts to ! div9e4 ,9 ! ,banquet1 he passes to mature life & to love ( k t decl>es ! p[] & ! love ( ,god 9 ! mat]ial & moral _w ab\t u & )9 u4 ,9 ! ,div9e ,com$y1 ! ,poet passes to ! _w to come1 & rises to ! f9al union ( ! love = ,beatrice1 ! beatifi]1 ) ! glory ( ! ,love ( ,god4 ,( ?is great s]ies1 ! cr[n+ "w has1 ( c\rse1 _h _m translators1 & !re h be5 translators also ( ! book t %[s ! y\? ( love4 ,b ! noble fragm5t ( ! ,convito t unites ^! two has1 ,i believe1 nev] yet be5 plac$ )9 rea* ( ! ,engli% read]1 except by a translation ( its poems only into unrhym$ measure 9 ,mr4 ,*>les ,lyell's ,poems ( ! ,vita ,nuova & ! ,convito1 publi%$ 9 #ahce4 ,! ,convito is a fragm5t4 ,!re are f\r books :]e fifte5 7 design$1 includ+ ?ree only ( ! int5d$ f\rte5 songs4 ,b ! plan is cle>1 & "o or two glances =w>d to ! matt] ( ! la/ book1 :i* w\ld h _h ,ju/ice = its !me1 %[ t all 0 to h be5 br\ght to a high spiritual close4 ,its aim 0 no less ?an ! lift+ ( m5's m9ds by k ( ! _w )\t !m & )9 !m1 b\nd toge!r 9 creation1 %[+ =? ! ,m9d ( ! ,creator4 ,! read] ( ?is volume mu/ n fl9* f ! +5i\s dialectics ( ! m$ival reason] on ,man & ,nature4 ,dante's k is ! k ( 8 "t4 ,sci5ce _h made little advance s9ce ,ari/otle--:o is ! ,philosoph] tak5 by ,dante = 8 human guide--fir/ laid its f\ndations4 ,x is useful1 no d\bt1 to be able 9 a book l ?is1 %ap$ by a noble m9d1 to /udy at _! be/ ! =ms ( reason+ t made ! sci5ce ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,b ! read] is n call$ ^u to make 8 m9d unhappy ) endeav\rs to seize all ! po9ts1 say1 ( a !ory ( ! heav5s t 0 mo/ +5i\s1 b 9 no "p true4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to obs]ve h[ ! mi/ak5 reason+ jo9s ea* ( ! sev5 sci5ces to "o ( ! sev5 heav5s1 & "h z ev]y:]e jo9s e>? to heav51 & bids man lift 8 head & look up1 ,godw>d1 to ! s\rce ( light4 ,if spiritual tru? c\ld only come f "r & p]fect k1 ?is w\ld h be5 a _w ( dead s\ls f ! fir/ till n[2 = future c5turies1 9 look+ back at u1 w wond] at ! little faulty k t we ?9k s mu*4 ,b let ! kn[n be :at x may1 ! true s\l rises f x to a s5se ( ! div9e my/]ies ( ,wisdom & ( ,love4 ,dante's k may be full ( ignorance1 & s is ours4 ,b he fills x z he c ) ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,he is n cont5t t m5 %\ld be z %eep1 & look d[nw>d to e>? = all ! food !y ne$4 ,he bids !m to a ,banquet ( ano!r k9d1 ^: di%es are ( k = ! m9d & heav5w>d aspiration = ! s\l4 ,dante's ,convito--( :i* ! "n 01 no d\bt1 sugge/$ by ! ,banquets ( ,plato & ,x5ophon--0 writt5 at ! close ( 8 life1 aft] ! ,div9e ,com$y1 & no trace has be5 f\nd ( m ( its songs ?an ! ?ree :i* may h be5 writt5 & made kn[n "s "t be=e he began "w on _! ,comm5t>y4 ,dea? /ay$ 8 h&1 & ! completion pass$ into a song t jo9$ ! voice ( ,dante to ! praise 9 heav54 ,h4,m4 ,april #ahhg4 ,,! ,,banquet ,,( ,,dante ,,alighi]i 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,fir/ ,treatise4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ,philosophy1 ,all m5 naturally desire ,k4 ,! reason ( :i* may be1 t ea* ?+1 impell$ by ! intuition ( its own nature1 t5ds t[>ds its p]fection1 h5ce1 =asmu* z ,k is ! f9al p]fection ( our ,s\l1 9 :i* our ultimate happ9ess consi/s1 we are all naturally subject to ! desire = x4 ,v]ily1 _m are depriv$ ( ?is mo/ noble p]fection1 by div]s causes )9 ! man & )\t him1 :i* remove him f ! use ( ,k4 ,)9 ! man !re may be two defects or imp$im5ts1 ! "o on ! "p ( ! ,body1 ! o!r on ! "p ( ! ,s\l4 ,on ! "p ( ! ,body x is1 :5 ! p>ts are unfitly dispos$1 s t x c receive no?+ z ) ! deaf & dumb1 & _! l4 ,on ! "p ( ! ,s\l x is1 :5 evil triumphs 9 x1 s t x becomes ! foll[] ( vici\s pleasures1 ?r\gh :i* x is s mu* deceiv$1 t on acc\nt ( !m x holds ev]y?+ 9 contempt4 ,)\t ! man1 two causes may 9 l mann] be und]/ood1 ( :i* "o comes ( necessity1 ! o!r ( /agnation4 ,! fir/ is ! managem5t ( ! family & conduct ( civil affairs1 :i* fitly draws to itself ! great] numb] ( m51 s t !y _c live 9 ! quietness ( speculation4 ,! o!r is ! fault ( ! place :]e a p]son is born & re>$1 :i* w (ttimes be n only )\t any ,s*ool :atev]1 b may be f> di/ant f /udi\s p4 ,! two fir/ ( ^! causes--! fir/ ( ! h9drance f )91 & ! fir/ ( ! h9drance f )\t--are n des]v+ ( blame1 b ( excuse & p>don2 ! two o!rs1 al?\gh ! "o m ?an ! o!r1 des]ve blame & are to be dete/$4 ,h5ce1 he :o reflects well1 c manife/ly see t !y are few :o c atta9 to ! enjoym5t ( ,k1 ?\gh x is desir$ by all1 & almo/ innum]able are ! fett]$ ones :o live = ev] fami%$ ( ?is food4 ,oh1 bless$ are ^? few :o sit at t table :]e ! ,bread ( ,angels is eat51 & wret*$ ^? :o c fe$ only z ! ,%eep4 ,b because ea* man is naturally fri5dly to ea* man1 & ea* fri5d grieves = ! fault ( him :om he loves2 !y :o are f$ at t high table are full ( m]cy t[>ds ^? :om !y see /ray+ 9 "o pa/ure ) ! creatures :o eat grass & acorns4 ,& =asmu* z ,m]cy is ! ,"m ( ,b5evol5ce1 ^? :o "k h[1 d always lib]ally (f] _! good weal? to ! true poor1 & are l a liv+ /ream1 ^: wat] cools ! be=e-nam$ natural ?ir/4 ,i1 !n1 :o sit n at ! bless$ table1 b hav+ fl$ f ! pa/ure ( ! common h]d1 lie at ! feet ( ^? :o sit !re & ga!r up :at falls f !m1 by ! sweetness :i* ,i f9d 9 t :i* ,i collect little by little1 ,i "k ! wret*$ life ( ^? :om ,i h left beh9d me2 & mov$ m]cifully = ! unhappy ones1 n =gett+ myself1 ,i h res]v$ some?+ :i* ,i h %[n to _! eyes long ago1 & = ?is ,i h made !m greatly desir\s4 ,:]e=e1 n[ wi%+ to prep>e = !m1 ,i mean to make a common ,banquet ( ?is :i* ,i h %[n to !m1 & ( t ne$$ bread )\t :i* food su* z ?is c\ld n be eat5 by !m at _! fea/2 bread fit = su* meat1 :i* ,i "k1 )\t x1 w\ld be furni%$ =? 9 va94 ,& !re=e ,i desire t no "o %\ld sit at ?is ,banquet ^: memb]s are s unfitly dispos$ t he has nei!r tee?1 nor tongue1 nor palate3 nor any foll[] ( vice2 inasmu* z 8 /oma* is full ( v5om\s & hurtful hum\rs1 s t x w reta9 no food :atev]4 ,b let ^? come to u1 :osoev] !y be1 :o1 press$ by ! managem5t ( civil & dome/ic life1 h felt ?is human hung]1 & at "o table ) o!rs :o h be5 9 l bondage1 let !m sit4 ,b at _! feet let u place all ^? :o h be5 ! slaves ( slo?1 & :o are n wor?y to sit high]3 & !n let ^! & ^? eat ( my di%1 ) ! bread :i* ,i w cause !m to ta/e & to dige/4 ,! meat at ?is repa/ w be prep>$ 9 f\rte5 diff]5t ways1 t is1 9 f\rte5 ,songs1 "s ( ^: !mes w be ( ,love & "s ( ,virtue3 :i*1 )\t ! pres5t bread1 might h "s %ad[ ( obscurity1 s t to _m !y might be acceptable m on acc\nt ( _! =m ?an because ( _! _s4 ,b ?is bread is ! pres5t ,exposition4 ,x w be ! ,light :]eby ea* col\r ( _! design w be made visible4 ,& if 9 ! pres5t "w1 :i* is nam$ ,convito--! ,banquet1 ! glad ,life ,toge!r--,i desire t ! subject %\ld be discuss$ m maturely ?an 9 ! ,vita ,nuova--! ,new ,life--,i d n !re=e mean 9 any degree to und]value t ,fre% ,life1 b greatly to enhance x2 see+ h[ reasonable x is = t age to be f]vid & passionate1 & = ?is to be mature & temp]ate4 ,at "o age x is fit to speak & "w 9 "o way1 & at ano!r age 9 ano!r way2 because c]ta9 mann]s are fit & praisewor?y at "o age :i* are improp] & blameable at ano!r1 z w be demon/rat$ ) suitable argum5t 9 ! f\r? treatise ( ?is ,book4 ,9 t fir/ ,book 7,vita ,nuova7 at ! entrance into my y\? ,i spoke2 & 9 ?is latt] ,i speak aft] my y\? has already pass$ away4 ,& s9ce my true mean+ may be o!r ?an t :i* ! a=esaid songs %[ =?1 ,i mean by an allegoric exposition to expla9 ^! aft] ! lit]al argum5t %all h be5 reason$ out3 s t ! "o argum5t ) ! o!r %all give a reli% to ^? :o are ! gue/s invit$ to ?is ,banquet4 ,& ( !m all ,i pray t if ! fea/ be n s spl5did z befits ! proclamation !re(1 let !m impute ea* defect1 n to my w b to my means1 s9ce my w "h is to a full & lov+ ,lib]ality4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,9 prep>+ = e well-ord]$ ,banquet ! s]vants are wont to take ! prop] bread1 & see t x is clean f all blemi%2 :]e=e ,i1 :o 9 ! pres5t writ+ /& 9 s]vant's place1 int5d fir/ly to remove two spots f ?is exposition :i* at my repa/ /&s 9 ! place ( bread4 ,! "o is1 t x appe>s to be unlawful = any "o to speak ( himself2 ! o!r1 t x seems to be unreasonable to speak too deeply :5 giv+ explanations4 ,let ! knife ( my judgm5t p>e away f ! pres5t treatise ! unlawful & ! unreasonable4 ,"o does n p]mit any ,rhetorician to speak ( himself )\t a necess>y cause4 ,& f ?is is ! man remov$1 because he c speak ( no "o )\t praise or blame ( ^? ( :om he speaks2 :i* two causes commonly induce a man to speak ( himself4 ,& 9 ord] to remove a d\bt :i* "h arises1 ,i say t x is worse = any "o to blame ?an to praise himself1 al?\gh nei!r may h to be done4 ,! reason is1 t any?+ :i* is ess5tially wrong is worse ?an t :i* is wrong ?r\gh accid5t4 ,= a man op5ly to br+ contempt on himself is ess5tially wrong to 8 fri5d1 because a man owes x to take acc\nt ( 8 fault secretly1 & no "o is m fri5dly to himself ?an ! man himself4 ,9 ! *amb] ( 8 ?\ghts1 !re=e1 he %\ld reprove himself & weep ov] 8 faults1 & n be=e ! _w4 ,aga91 a man is b seldom blam$ :5 he has n ! p[] or ! k requisite to guide himself aright3 b he is always blam$ :5 weak ( w1 because our good or evil dispositions are measur$ by ! /r5g? ( w4 ,:]e=e he :o blames himself proves t he kn[s 8 fault1 :ile he reveals 8 want ( goodness2 if1 !re=e1 he "k 8 fault1 let him no m speak evil ( himself4 ,if a man praise himself x is to avoid evil1 z x 72 inasmu* z x _c be done except su* self-laudation become 9 excess di%on\r2 x is praise 9 appe>ance1 x is infamy 9 sub/ance4 ,= ! words are spok5 to prove t ( :i* he has n inw>d assurance4 ,h5ce1 he :o lauds himself proves 8 belief t he is n e/eem$ to be a good man1 & ?is befalls him n unless he h an evil consci5ce1 :i* he reveals by self-praise1 & 9 s reveal+ x he blames himself4 ,&1 aga91 self-praise & self-blame are to be %unn$ equally1 = ?is reason1 t x is false witness+4 ,because !re is no man :o c be a true & j judge ( himself1 s mu* w self-love deceive him4 ,h5ce x happ5s t e man has 9 8 own judgm5t ! measures ( ! false m]*ant1 :o sells ) ! "o1 & buys ) ! o!r4 ,e man weights ! scales aga9/ 8 own wrong-do+1 & adds weight to 8 good de$s2 s t ! numb] & ! quantity & ! weight ( ! good de$s appe> to him to be great] ?an if !y 7 tri$ 9 a j balance2 & 9 l mann] ! evil appe>s less4 ,:]e=e speak+ ( himself ) praise or ) blame1 ei!r he speaks falsely ) reg>d to ! ?+ ( :i* he speaks1 or he speaks falsely by ! fault ( 8 judgm5t2 & z ! "o is untru?1 s is ! o!r4 ,& !re=e1 s9ce to acquiesce is to admit1 he is wrong :o praises or :o blames be=e ! face ( any man2 because ! man ?us apprais$ c nei!r acquiesce nor d5y )\t fall+ into ! error ( ei!r prais+ or blam+ himself4 ,res]ve ! way ( due correction1 :i* _c be tak5 )\t repro( ( error1 & :i* corrects if und]/ood4 ,res]ve also ! way ( due hon\r & glory1 :i* _c be tak5 )\t m5tion ( virtu\s works1 or ( dignities t h be5 wor?ily acquir$4 ,& 9 tru?1 return+ to ! ma9 argum5t1 ,i say1 z be=e1 t x is p]mitt$ to a man = requisite reasons to speak ( himself4 ,& among/ ! sev]al requisite reasons two are mo/ evid5t3 ! "o is :5 a man _c avoid great dang] & infamy1 unless he disc\rse ( himself2 & !n x is conc$$ = ! reason1 t to take ! less objectionable ( ! only two pa?s1 is to take z x 7 a good "o4 ,& ?is necessity mov$ ,boe?ius to speak ( himself1 9 ord] t "u pretext ( ,consolation he might excuse ! p]petual %ame ( 8 imprisonm5t1 by %[+ t imprisonm5t to be unju/2 s9ce no o!r man arose to ju/ify him4 ,& ?is reason mov$ ,/4 ,augu/9e to speak ( himself 9 8 ,confessions2 t1 by ! progress ( 8 life1 :i* 0 f bad to good1 & f good to bett]1 & f bett] to be/1 he might give example & in/ruction1 :i*1 f tru] te/imony1 no "o c\ld receive4 ,!re=e1 if ei!r ( ^! reasons excuse me1 ! bread ( my m\ld+ is suffici5tly cle>$ f its fir/ impurity4 ,! fe> ( %ame moves me2 & ,i am mov$ by ! desire to give in/ruction :i* o!rs truly are unable to give4 ,i fe> %ame = hav+ foll[$ passion s ard5tly1 z he may conceive :o reads ! a=e-nam$ ,songs1 & sees h[ greatly ,i 0 rul$ by x2 :i* %ame ceases entirely by ! pres5t spee* ( myself1 :i* proves t n passion b virtue may h be5 ! mov+ cause4 ,i int5d also to demon/rate ! true mean+ ( ^? ,poems1 :i* "s c\ld n p]ceive unless ,i relate x1 because x is conceal$ "u ! veil ( ,allegory2 & ?is x n only w give pleasure to he>1 b subtle in/ruction1 bo? z to ! diction & z to ! int5tion ( ! o!r writ+s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,mu* fault is 9 t ?+ :i* is appo9t$ to remove "s grave evil1 & yet enc\rages x2 ev5 z 9 ! man :o might be s5t to quell a tumult1 &1 be=e he _h quell$ x1 %\ld beg9 ano!r4 ,& =asmu* z my bread is made clean on "o side1 x behoves me to cleanse x on ! o!r1 9 ord] to %un ?is repro(3 t my writ+1 :i* "o may t]m1 z x 71 a ,comm5t>y1 is appo9t$ to remove obscurity f ! be=e-m5tion$ ,songs1 & is1 9 fact1 itself at times a little h>d to und]/&4 ,?is obscurity is "h int5d$1 9 ord] to avoid a great] defect1 & does n occur ?r\gh ignorance4 ,alas6 w\ld t x might h pleas$ ! ,disp5s] ( ! ,univ]se t ! cause ( my excuse might nev] h be52 t o!rs might nei!r h s9n$ aga9/ me1 nor ,i h suff]$ puni%m5t unju/ly2 ! puni%m5t1 ,i say1 ( exile & pov]ty6 ,s9ce x 0 ! pleasure ( ! citiz5s ( ! mo/ beautiful & ! mo/ fam\s daught] ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 to ca/ me out f h] mo/ sweet bosom 7:]e9 ,i 0 born & n\ri%$ ev5 to ! height ( my life1 & 9 :i*1 ) h] goodwill1 ,i desire ) all my he>t to repose my we>y s\l1 & to end ! "t :i* is giv5 to me71 ,i h gone ?r\gh almo/ all ! l& 9 :i* ?is language lives--a pilgrim1 almo/ a m5dicant--%[+ =? aga9/ my w ! w\nd ( ,=tune1 ) :i* ! ru9$ man is (t5 unju/ly reproa*$4 ,truly ,i h be5 a %ip )\t a sail & )\t a rudd]1 borne to div]s ports & l&s & %ores by ! dry w9d :i* bl[s f doleful pov]ty2 & ,i h appe>$ vile 9 ! eyes ( _m1 :o p]haps ?r\gh "s report may h imag$ me 9 o!r =m4 ,9 ! sight ( :om n only my p]son became vile1 b ea* "w already complet$ 0 held to be ( less value ?an t might aga9 be :i* rema9$ yet to be done4 ,! reason :]e=e ?is happ5s 7n only to me b to all71 x n[ pleases me "h briefly to t\* ^u4 ,& fir/ly1 x is because rum\r goes beyond ! tru?2 & !n1 :at is beyond ! tru? re/ricts & /rangles x4 ,good report is ! fir/ born ( k9dly ?\ght 9 ! m9d ( ! fri5d2 :i* ! m9d ( ! foe1 al?\gh x may receive ! se$1 conceives n4 ,t m9d :i* gives bir? to x 9 ! fir/ place1 s to make its gift m fair1 z by ! *>ity ( fri5d%ip1 keeps n )9 b\nds ( tru?1 b passes beyond !m4 ,:5 "o does t to adorn a tale1 he speaks aga9/ 8 consci5ce2 :5 x is *>ity t causes him to pass ! b\nds1 he speaks n aga9/ consci5ce4 ,! second m9d :i* receives ?is1 n only is cont5t ) ! exagg]ation ( ! fir/ m9d1 b its own report adds its own effect ( endeav\rs to embelli%1 & s by ?is action1 & by ! deception :i* x also receives f ! goodwill g5]at$ 9 x1 good report is made m ample ?an x %\ld be2 ei!r ) ! cons5t or ! diss5t ( ! consci5ce2 ev5 z x 0 ) ! fir/ m9d4 ,& ! ?ird receiv+ m9d does ?is2 & ! f\r?2 & ?us ! exagg]ation ( good ev] gr[s4 ,& s1 by turn+ ! a=esaid motives 9 ! contr>y direction1 "o c p]ceive :y ill-fame 9 l mann] is made to gr[4 ,:]e=e ,virgil says 9 ! f\r? ( ! neid3 ,let ,fame live to be fickle1 & gr[ z %e goes4 ,cle>ly1 !n1 he :o is will+ may p]ceive t ! image g5]at$ by ,fame alone is always l>g]1 :atev] x may be1 ?an ! ?+ imag$ is1 9 its true /ate4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,hav+ previ\sly %[n ! reason :y ,fame magnifies ! good & ! evil beyond due limit1 x rema9s 9 ?is *apt] to %[ =? ^? reasons :i* make evid5t :y ! ,pres5ce re/ricts 9 ! opposite way1 & hav+ %[n ?is ,i w return to ! pr9cipal proposition4 ,i say1 !n1 t = ?ree causes 8 ,pres5ce makes a p]son ( less value ?an he is4 ,! fir/ is *ildi%ness1 ,i d n say ( age1 b ( m9d2 ! second is envy2 & ^! are 9 ! judge3 ! ?ird is human impurity2 & ?is is 9 ! p]son judg$4 ,! fir/1 "o c briefly reason ?us3 ! great] "p ( m5 live accord+ to s5se & n accord+ to reason1 aft] ! mann] ( *ildr51 & ! l ( ^! judge ?+s simply f )\t2 & ! goodness :i* is orda9$ to a fit end !y p]ceive n1 because ! eyes ( ,reason1 :i* !y ne$ 9 ord] to p]ceive x1 are clos$4 ,h5ce1 !y soon see all t !y c1 & judge accord+ to _! sight4 ,& =asmu* z any op9ion !y =m on ! good fame ( o!rs1 f he>say1 ) :i*1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p]son judg$1 _! imp]fect judgm5t may diss5t1 !y am5d n accord+ to reason1 because !y judge m]ely accord+ to s5se1 !y w deem t :i* !y h fir/ he>d to be a lie z x 71 & dispraise ! p]son :o 0 previ\sly prais$4 ,h5ce1 9 su* m51 & su* are almo/ all1 ,pres5ce re/ricts ! "o fame & ! o!r4 ,su* m5 z ^! are incon/ant & are soon cloy$2 !y are (t5 gay & (t5 sad f brief joys & sorr[s2 spe$y fri5ds & spe$y foes2 ea* ?+ !y d l *ildr51 )\t ! use ( reason4 ,! second obs]vation f ^! reasons is1 t due comp>ison is cause = envy to ! vici\s2 & envy is a cause ( evil judgm5t1 because x does n p]mit ,reason to argue = t :i* is envi$1 & ! judicial p[] is !n l ! judge :o he>s only "o side4 ,h5ce1 :5 su* m5 z ^! p]ceive a p]son to be fam\s1 !y are imm$iately jeal\s1 because !y comp>e memb]s & p[]s2 & !y fe>1 on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( su* an "o1 to be !mselves acc\nt$ ( less wor?2 & ^! passionate m51 n only judge evilly1 b1 by defamation1 !y cause o!rs to judge evilly4 ,:]e=e ) su* m5 _! appreh5sion re/ricts ! ackn[l$gm5t ( good & evil 9 ea* p]son repres5t$2 & ,i say ?is also ( evil1 because _m :o delight 9 evil de$s h envy t[>ds evil-do]s4 ,! ?ird obs]vation is ( human frailty1 :i* "o accepts on ! "p ( him :o is judg$1 & f :i* famili> conv]sation is n altoge!r free4 ,9 evid5ce ( ?is1 x is to be kn[n t man is /a9$ 9 _m p>ts2 &1 z says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 none is )\t spot4 ,n[1 ! man is /a9$ ) "s passion1 :i* he _c always resi/2 n[1 he is blemi%$ by "s fault ( limb2 n[1 he is bruis$ by "s bl[ f ,=tune2 n[1 he is soil$ by ! ill-fame ( 8 p>5ts1 or ( "s ne> relation3 ?+s :i* ,fame does n be> ) h]1 b :i* hang to ! man1 s t he reveals !m by 8 conv]sation2 & ^! spots ca/ "s %ad[ ^u ! brightness ( goodness1 s t !y cause x to appe> less bright & less excell5t4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ea* prophet is less hon\r$ 9 8 own c\ntry2 & ?is is :y ! good man ought to give 8 pres5ce to few1 & 8 famili>ity to /ill few]1 9 ord] t 8 "n may be receiv$ & n despis$4 ,& ?is ?ird obs]vation may be ! same = ! evil z = ! good1 if we rev]se ! conditions ( ! argum5t4 ,:]e=e x is cle>ly evid5t t by imp]fections1 f :i* no "o is free1 ! se5 ,pres5ce re/ricts "r p]ception ( ! good & ( ! evil 9 e "o1 m ?an tru? desires4 ,h5ce1 s9ce1 z has be5 said above1 ,i myself h be51 z x 71 visibly pres5t to all ! ,italians1 by :i* ,i p]haps am made m vile ?an tru? desires1 n only to ^? to :om my repute _h already run1 b also to o!rs1 :]eby ,i am made ! light]2 x behoves me t ) a m l(ty /yle ,i may give to ! pres5t "w a little gravity1 ?r\gh :i* x may %[ great] au?ority4 ,let ?is suffice to excuse ! difficulty ( my comm5t>y4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,s9ce ?is bread is n[ cle>$ ( accid5tal spots1 x rema9s to excuse x f a sub/antial "o1 t is = be+ 9 my native tongue & n 9 ,lat92 :i* by similitude "o may t]m1 ( b>ley-meal & n ( :eat5 fl\r4 ,& f ?is x is briefly excus$ by ?ree reasons :i* mov$ me to *oose ! "o r ?an ! o!r4 ,"o spr+s f ! avoidance ( inconv5i5t ,unfitness3 ! second f ! read9ess ( well-adju/$ ,lib]ality2 ! ?ird f ! natural ,love = "o's own ,native ,tongue4 ,& ^! ?+s1 ) ! gr\nds = !m1 to ! /ay+ ( all possible repro(1 ,i mean 9 due ord] to reason out 9 ?is =m4 ,t :i* mo/ adorns & comm5ds human actions1 & :i* mo/ directly leads !m to a good result1 is ! use ( dispositions be/ adapt$ to ! end 9 view2 z ! end aim$ at 9 knigh?ood is c\rage ( m9d & /r5g? ( body4 ,& ?us he :o is orda9$ to ! s]vice ( o!rs1 ought to h ^? dispositions :i* are suit$ to t end2 z submission1 k & ob$i5ce1 )\t :i* any "o is unfit to s]ve well4 ,because if he is n subject to ea* ( ^! conditions1 he proce$s 9 8 s]vice always ) fatigue & tr\ble1 & b seldom cont9ues 9 x4 ,if he is n ob$i5t1 he nev] s]ves except z 9 8 wisdom he ?9ks fit1 & :5 he wills2 :i* is r ! s]vice ( a fri5d ?an ( a s]vant4 ,h5ce1 to escape ?is disord]1 ?is comm5t>y is fit1 :i* is made z a s]vant to ! "u-writt5 ,songs1 9 ord] to be subject to ^!1 & to ea* sep>ate comm& ( !irs4 ,x mu/ be consci\s ( ! wants ( its "l1 & ob$i5t to him1 :i* dispositions w\ld be all want+ to x if x 7 a ,lat9 s]vant1 n a native1 s9ce ! songs are all 9 ! language ( our p4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 if x _h be5 a ,lat9 s]vant he w\ld be n a subject b a sov]eign1 9 nobility1 9 virtue1 & 9 beauty2 9 nobility1 because ! ,lat9 is p]petual & incorruptible2 ! language ( ! vulg> is un/able & corruptible4 ,h5ce we see 9 ! anci5t writ+s ( ! ,lat9 ,com$ies & ,trag$ies t !y _c *ange1 be+ ! same ,lat9 t we n[ h2 ?is happ5s n ) our native tongue1 :i*1 be+ home-made1 *anges at pleasure4 ,h5ce we see 9 ! cities ( ,italy1 if we w look c>efully back fifty ye>s f ! pres5t "t1 _m words to h become ext9ct1 & to h be5 born1 & to h be5 alt]$4 ,b if a little "t trans=ms !m ?us1 a long] "t *anges !m m4 ,s t ,i say t1 if ^? :o dep>t$ f ?is life a ?\s& ye>s ago %\ld come back to _! cities1 !y w\ld believe ^? cities to be inhabit$ by a /range p1 :o speak a tongue discordant f _! own4 ,on ?is subject ,i w speak else:]e m completely 9 a book :i* ,i int5d to write1 ,god will+1 on ! ,language ( ! ,p4 ,aga91 ! ,lat9 0 n subject1 b sov]eign1 ?r\gh virtue4 ,ea* ?+ has virtue 9 its nature1 :i* does t to :i* x is orda9$2 & ! bett] x does x s mu* ! m virtue x has3 h5ce we call t man virtu\s :o lives a life contemplative or active1 do+ t = :i* he is be/ fitt$2 we ascribe 8 virtue to ! horse t runs swiftly & mu*1 to :i* end he is orda9$3 we see virtue ( a sword t cuts ?r\gh h>d ?+s well1 s9ce x has be5 made to d s4 ,?us spee*1 :i* is orda9$ to express human ?\ght1 has virtue :5 x does t2 & mo/ virtue is 9 ! spee* :i* does x mo/4 ,h5ce1 =asmu* z ! ,lat9 reveals _m ?+s conceiv$ 9 ! m9d :i* ! vulg> tongue _c express1 ev5 z ^? "k :o h ! use ( ei!r language1 its virtue is f> great] ?an t ( ! vulg> tongue4 ,aga91 x 0 n subject1 b sov]eign1 because ( its beauty4 ,t ?+ man calls beautiful ^: p>ts are duly proportionate1 because beauty results f _! h>mony2 h5ce1 man appe>s to be beautiful :5 8 limbs are duly proportion$2 & we call a song beautiful :5 ! voices 9 x1 accord+ to ! rule ( art1 are 9 h>mony ) ea* o!r4 ,h5ce1 t language is mo/ beautiful 9 :i* ! words mo/ fitly correspond1 & ?is !y d m 9 ! ,lat9 ?an 9 ! pres5t ,language ( ! ,p1 s9ce ! beautiful vulg> tongue foll[s use1 & ! ,lat91 ,art4 ,h5ce1 "o conc$es x to be m beautiful1 m virtu\s & m noble4 ,& s "o concludes1 z fir/ propos$2 t is1 t ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y w\ld h be5 ! ,sov]eign1 n ! ,subject1 ( ! ,songs4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,hav+ %[n h[ ! pres5t ,comm5t>y c\ld n h be5 ! subject ( ,songs writt5 9 our native tongue1 if x _h be5 9 ! ,lat91 x rema9s to %[ h[ x c\ld n h be5 capable or ob$i5t to ^? ,songs2 & !n x w be %[n h[1 to avoid unsuitable disord]1 x 0 ne$ful to speak 9 ! native tongue4 ,i say t ,lat9 w\ld n h be5 a capable s]vant = my ,"l ! ,v]nacul>1 = ?is reason4 ,! s]vant is requir$ *iefly to "k two ?+s p]fectly3 ! "o is ! nature ( 8 "l1 because !re are lords ( su* an as99e nature t !y comm& ! opposite ( t :i* !y desire2 & !re are o!rs :o1 )\t speak+1 wi% to be und]/ood & s]v$2 & !re are o!rs :o w n let ! s]vant move to d t :i* is ne$ful1 unless !y h ord]$ x4 ,& because ^! v>iations are 9 m51 ,i d n int5d 9 ! pres5t "w to %[1 = ! digression w\ld be enl>g$ too mu*1 except z ,i speak 9 g5]al1 t su* m5 z ^! are bea/s1 z x 71 to :om reason is ( little wor?4 ,:]e=e1 if ! s]vant "k n ! nature ( 8 "l1 x is evid5t t he _c s]ve him p]fectly4 ,! o!r ?+ is1 t x is requisite = ! s]vant to "k also ! fri5ds ( 8 "l2 = o!rwise he c\ld n hon\r !m1 nor s]ve !m1 & ?us he w\ld n s]ve 8 "l p]fectly3 =asmu* z ! fri5ds are ! p>ts ( a :ole1 z x 71 because _! :ole is "o wi% or its opposite4 ,nei!r w\ld ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y h _h su* k ( ^? ?+s z ! vulg> tongue itself has4 ,t ! ,lat9 _c be acqua9t$ ) ! ,vulg> ,tongue & ) its fri5ds1 is ?us prov$4 ,he :o kn[s any?+ 9 g5]al kn[s n t ?+ p]fectly2 ev5 z he :o kn[s f af> (f "o animal1 kn[s n t animal p]fectly1 because he kn[s n if x be a dog1 a wolf1 or a he-goat4 ,! ,lat9 kn[s ! ,vulg> tongue 9 g5]al1 b n sep>ately2 = if x %\ld "k x sep>ately x w\ld "k all ! ,vulg> ,tongues1 because x is n "r t x %\ld "k "o m ?an ! o!r2 & ?us1 :at man soev] might possess ! complete k ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 ! use ( t k w\ld %[ him all di/9ctions ( ! ,vulg>4 ,b ?is is n s1 = "o us$ to ! ,lat9 does n di/+ui%1 if he be a native ( ,italy1 ! vulg> tongue ( ,prov5ce f ! ,g]man1 nor c ! ,g]man di/+ui% ! vulg> ,italian tongue f t ( ,prov5ce3 h5ce1 x is evid5t t ! ,lat9 is n cognizant ( ! ,vulg>4 ,aga91 x is n cognizant ( its fri5ds1 because x is impossible to "k ! fri5ds )\t kn[+ ! pr9cipal2 h5ce1 if ! ,lat9 does n "k ! ,vulg>1 z x is prov$ above1 x is impossible = x to "k its fri5ds4 ,aga91 )\t conv]sation or famili>ity1 x is impossible to "k m52 & ! ,lat9 has no conv]sation ) s _m 9 any language z ! ,vulg> has1 to :i* all are fri5ds1 & consequ5tly _c "k ! fri5ds ( ! ,vulg>4 ,& ?is1 t x w\ld be possible to say1 is no contradiction2 t ! ,lat9 does conv]se ) "s fri5ds ( ! ,vulg>3 b s9ce x is n famili> ) all1 x is n p]fectly acqua9t$ ) its fri5ds1 :]eas p]fect k is requir$1 & n defective4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hav+ prov$ t ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y c\ld n h be5 a capable s]vant1 ,i w tell h[ x c\ld n h be5 an ob$i5t "o4 ,he is ob$i5t :o has ! good disposition :i* is call$ ob$i5ce4 ,true ob$i5ce mu/ h ?ree ?+s1 )\t :i* x _c be3 x %\ld be sweet1 & n bitt]2 entirely "u control1 & n impulsive2 ) due measure1 & n excessive2 :i* ?ree ?+s x 0 impossible = ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y to h2 &1 !re=e1 x 0 impossible = x to be ob$i5t4 ,t to ! ,lat9 x w\ld h be5 impossible1 z is said1 is evid5t by su* an argum5t z ?is3 ea* ?+ :i* proce$s by an inv]se ord] is labori\s1 & consequ5tly is bitt]1 & n sweet2 ev5 z to sleep by day & to wake by night1 & to g backw>ds & n =w>ds4 ,= ! subject to comm& ! sov]eign1 is to proce$ 9 ! inv]se ord]2 because ! direct ord] is1 = ! sov]eign to comm& ! subject2 & ?us x is bitt]1 & n sweet2 & because to ! bitt] comm& x is impossible to give sweet ob$i5ce1 x is impossible1 :5 ! subject comm&s1 = ! ob$i5ce ( ! sov]eign to be sweet4 ,h5ce if ! ,lat9 is ! sov]eign ( ! ,vulg> ,tongue1 z is %[n above by _m reasons1 & ! ,songs1 :i* are 9 place ( comm&]s1 are 9 ! ,vulg> ,tongue1 x is impossible = ! argum5t to be sweet4 ,!n is ob$i5ce entirely comm&$1 & 9 no way spontane\s1 :5 t :i* ! ob$i5t man does1 he w\ld n h done ( 8 own w1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 )\t comm&m5t4 ,&1 !re=e1 if x might be comm&$ to me to c>ry two long robes ^u my back1 & if )\t comm&m5t ,i %\ld c>ry "o1 ,i say t my ob$i5ce is n entirely comm&$1 b is 9 "p spontane\s2 & su* w\ld h be5 t ( ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y1 & consequ5tly x w\ld n h be5 ob$i5ce entirely comm&$4 ,:at su* might h be5 appe>s by ?is1 t ! ,lat91 )\t ! comm& ( ?is ,"l1 ! ,v]nacul>1 w\ld h exp\nd$ _m p>ts ( 8 argum5t 7& x does exp\nd1 z he :o se>*es well ! books writt5 9 ,lat9 may p]ceive71 :i* ! ,vulg> ,tongue does n[h]e4 ,aga91 ob$i5ce is )9 b\nds1 & n excessive1 :5 x goes to ! limit ( ! comm&1 & no fur!r2 z ,individual ,nature is ob$i5t to ,univ]sal ,nature :5 %e makes ?irty-two tee? 9 ! man1 & no m & no less2 & :5 %e makes five f+]s on ! h&1 & no m & no less2 & ! man is ob$i5t to ,ju/ice :5 he does t :i* ! ,law comm&s1 & no m & no less4 ,nei!r w\ld ! ,lat9 h done ?is1 b x w\ld h s9n$ n only 9 ! defect1 & n only 9 ! excess1 b 9 ea* "o2 & ?us its ob$i5ce w\ld n h be5 )9 due limit1 b intemp]ate1 & consequ5tly x w\ld n h be5 ob$i5t4 ,t ! ,lat9 w\ld n h be5 ! executor ( ! comm&m5t ( 8 ,"l1 & t nei!r w\ld he h be5 a usurp]1 "o c easily prove4 ,?is ,"l1 namely1 ^! ,songs1 to :i* ?is ,comm5t>y is orda9$ = _! s]vant1 comm&s & desires t !y %all be expla9$ to all ^? ^: m9d is s f> intellig5t t :5 !y he> spee* !y c und]/&1 & :5 !y speak !y c be und]/ood4 ,& no "o d\bts1 t if ! ,songs %\ld comm& by ^w ( m\?1 ?is w\ld be _! comm&m5t4 ,b ! ,lat9 w\ld n h expla9$ !m1 except to ! le>n$ m53 & s t ! re/ c\ld n h und]/ood4 ,h5ce1 =asmu* z ! numb] ( unle>n$ m5 :o desire to und]/& ^? ,songs may be f> great] ?an ! le>n$1 x foll[s t x c\ld n h fulfill$ its comm&m5t s well z ! ,native ,tongue1 :i* is und]/ood bo? by ! ,le>n$ & ! ,unle>n$4 ,aga91 ! ,lat9 w\ld h expla9$ !m to p ( ano!r language1 z to ! ,g]mans1 to ! ,engli%1 & to o!rs2 & "h x w\ld h exce$$ _! comm&m5t4 ,= aga9/ _! w1 speak+ freely1 ,i say1 _! mean+ w\ld be expla9$ !re :]e !y c\ld n convey x 9 all _! beauty4 ,&1 !re=e1 let ea* "o "k1 t no?+ :i* is h>moniz$ by ! bond ( ! ,muse c be translat$ f its own language into ano!r1 )\t break+ all its sweetness & h>mony4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ,hom] 0 n translat$ f ,greek into ,lat91 l ! o!r writ+s t we h ( ! ,greeks4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ! v]ses ( ! ,psalms are )\t sweetness ( music & h>mony2 = !y 7 translat$ f ,hebrew into ,greek1 & f ,greek into ,lat91 & 9 ! fir/ translation all t sweetness vani%$4 ,&1 ?us is conclud$ t :i* 0 propos$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt] imm$iately be=e ?is4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,s9ce x is prov$ by suffici5t reasons t1 9 ord] to avoid unsuitable confusion1 x w\ld be "r t ! above-nam$ ,songs be op5$ & expla9$ by a ,comm5t>y 9 our ,native ,tongue & n 9 ! ,lat91 ,i int5d to %[ aga9 h[ a ready ,lib]ality makes me select ?is way & leave ! o!r4 ,x is possible1 !n1 to p]ceive a ready ,lib]ality 9 ?ree ?+s1 :i* g ) ?is ,native ,tongue1 & :i* w\ld n h gone ) ! ,lat94 ,! fir/ is to give to _m2 ! second is to give useful ?+s2 ! ?ird is to give ! gift )\t be+ ask$ = x4 ,= to give to & to assi/ "o p]son is good2 b to give to & to assi/ _m is ready goodness1 inasmu* z x has a similitude to ! good gifts ( ,god1 :o is ! ,b5efactor ( ! ,univ]se4 ,& aga91 to give to _m is impossible )\t giv+ to "o1 =asmu* z "o is includ$ 9 _m4 ,b to give to "o may be good )\t giv+ to _m1 because he :o assi/s _m does good to "o & to ! o!r2 he :o assi/s "o does good to "o only3 h5ce1 we see ! impos]s ( ! laws1 especially if !y are = ! common good1 hold ! eyes fix$ :il/ compil+ ^! laws4 ,aga91 to give useless ?+s to ! receiv] is also a good1 inasmu* z he :o gives1 %[s himself at lea/ to be a fri5d2 b x is n a p]fect good1 & !re=e x is n ready3 z if a knight %\ld give to a doctor a %ield1 & z if ! doctor %\ld give to a knight ! writt5 aphorisms ( ,hippocrates1 or r ! te*nics ( ,gal52 because ! wise m5 say t ! face ( ! gift ought to be simil> to t ( ! receiv]1 t is1 t x be suitable to him1 & t x be useful2 & !re9 x is call$ ready lib]ality 9 him :o ?us discrim9ates 9 giv+4 ,b =asmu* z moral disc\rses usually create a desire to see _! orig91 9 ?is *apt] ,i int5d briefly to demon/rate f\r reasons :y ( necessity ! gift 79 ord] t x be ready lib]ality7 %\ld be useful to him :o receives4 ,fir/ly1 because virtue mu/ be *e]ful & n sad 9 e action3 h5ce1 if ! gift be n *e]ful 9 ! giv+ & 9 ! receiv+1 9 x !re is n p]fect nor ready virtue4 ,& ?is joy c spr+ only f ! utility1 :i* resides 9 ! giv] ?r\gh ! giv+1 & :i* comes to ! receiv] ?r\gh ! receiv+4 ,9 ! giv]1 !n1 !re mu/ be ! =esight1 9 do+ ?is1 t on 8 "p !re %all rema9 ! b5efit ( an inh]5t virtue :i* is above all o!r advantages2 & t to ! receiv] come ! b5efit ( ! use ( ! ?+ giv54 ,?us ! "o & ! o!r w be *e]ful1 & consequ5tly x w be a ready lib]ality1 t is1 a lib]ality bo? prompt & well consid]$4 ,secondly1 because virtue ought always to move ?+s =w>ds & upw>ds4 ,= ev5 z x w\ld be a blameable action to make a spade ( a beautiful sword1 or to make a fair bas9 ( a lovely lute2 s x is wrong to move any?+ f a place :]e x may be useful1 & to c>ry x into a place :]e x may be less useful4 ,& s9ce x is blameable to "w 9 va91 x is wrong n m]ely to put ! ?+ 9 a place :]e x may be less useful1 b ev5 9 a place :]e x may be equally useful4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] t ! *ang+ ( ! place ( a ?+ may be laudable1 x mu/ always be = ! bett]1 because x ought to be especially praisewor?y2 & ?is ! gift _c be1 if by trans=mation x become n m preci\s4 ,nor c x become m preci\s1 if x be n m useful to ! receiv] ?an to ! giv]4 ,:]e=e1 "o concludes t ! gift mu/ be useful to him :o receives x1 9 ord] t x may be 9 itself ready lib]ality4 ,?irdly1 because ! ex]cise ( ! virtue ( itself ought to be ! acquir] ( fri5ds4 ,= our life has ne$ ( ^!1 & ! end ( virtue is to make life happy4 ,b t ! gift may make ! receiv] a fri5d1 x mu/ be useful to him1 because utility /amps on ! memory ! image ( ! gift1 :i* is ! food ( fri5d%ip1 & ! firm] ! impression1 s mu* ! great] is ! utility2 h5ce1 ,m>t9o 0 wont to say1 ,nev] w fade f my m9d ! gift ,giovanni made me4 ,:]e=e1 9 ord] t 9 ! gift !re may be its virtue1 :i* is ,lib]ality1 & t x may be ready1 x mu/ be useful to him :o receives x4 ,f9ally1 s9ce ! act ( virtue %\ld be free1 n =c$1 x is free action1 :5 a p]son goes will+ly to any place2 :i* is %[n by 8 keep+ ! face turn$ ?i!rw>d2 x is =c$ action1 :5 he goes aga9/ 8 w2 :i* is %[n by 8 n look+ *e]fully t[>ds ! place :i!r he goes3 & ?us ! gift looks t[>ds its appo9t$ place :5 x addresses itself to ! ne$ ( ! receiv]4 ,& s9ce x _c address itself to t ne$ except x be useful1 x foll[s1 9 ord] t x may be ) free action1 t ! virtue be free1 & t ! gift g freely to its object1 :i* is ! receiv]2 & consequ5tly ! gift mu/ be to ! utility ( ! receiv]1 9 ord] t !re may be a prompt & reasonable ,lib]ality !re94 ,! ?ird respect 9 :i* "o c obs]ve a ready ,lib]ality1 is giv+ unask$2 because1 to give :at is ask$1 is1 on "o side1 n virtue1 b traffic2 =1 ! receiv] buys1 al?\gh ! giv] may n sell2 & s ,s5eca says t no?+ is pur*as$ m de>ly ?an t :]eon pray]s are exp5d$4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] t 9 ! gift !re be ready ,lib]ality1 & t "o may p]ceive t to be 9 x1 !re mu/ be fre$om f ea* act ( traffic1 & ! gift mu/ be unask$4 ,:]e=e t :i* is bes\ght co/s u s de>1 ,i d n mean to argue n[1 because x w be fully discuss$ 9 ! la/ treatise ( ?is book4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,a ,lat9 ,comm5t>y w\ld be want+ 9 all ! ?ree above-m5tion$ conditions1 :i* mu/ concur1 9 ord] t 9 ! b5efit conf]r$ !re may be ready ,lib]ality2 & our ,"m ,tongue possesses all1 z x is possible to %[ ?us manife/ly4 ,! ,lat9 w\ld n h s]v$ _m2 = if we recall to memory t :i* is disc\rs$ ( above1 ! le>n$ m51 )\t ! ,italian tongue1 c\ld n h _h ?is s]vice4 ,& ^? :o "k ,lat91 if we wi% to see cle>ly :o !y are1 we %all f9d t1 out ( a ?\s& "o only w\ld h be5 reasonably s]v$ by x1 because !y w\ld n h receiv$ x1 s prompt are !y to av>ice1 :i* removes !m f ea* nobility ( s\l t especially desires ?is food4 ,& to ! %ame ( !m1 ,i say t !y ought n to be call$ le>n$ m53 because !y d n acquire k = ! use ( x1 b =asmu* z !y ga9 money or dignity !reby2 ev5 z "o ought n to call him a h>p] :o keeps a h>p 9 8 h\se to be l5t out = a price1 & n to use x = its music4 ,return+1 !n1 to ! pr9cipal proposition1 ,i say t "o c see cle>ly h[ ! ,lat9 w\ld h giv5 its good gift to few1 b ! ,"m ,tongue w s]ve _m4 ,= ! will+ness ( he>t :i* awaits ?is s]vice1 is 9 ^? :o1 ?r\gh misuse ( ! _w1 h left ,lit]ature to m5 :o h made ( h] a h>lot2 & ^! nobles are pr9ces1 b>ons1 knights1 & _m o!r noble p1 n only m51 b wom51 ^: language is t ( ! p & unle>n$4 ,aga91 ! ,lat9 w\ld n h be5 giv] ( a useful gift1 z ! ,"m ,tongue w be2 =asmu* z no?+ is useful except inasmu* z x is us$2 nor is !re a p]fect exi/5ce ) inactive goodness4 ,ev5 s ( gold1 & pe>ls1 & o!r treasures :i* are subt]ranean1 ^? :i* are 9 ! h& ( ! mis] are 9 a l[] place ?an is ! e>? :]e9 ! treasure 0 conceal$4 ,! gift truly ( ?is ,comm5t>y is ! explanation ( ! ,songs1 = ^: s]vice x is made4 ,x seeks especially to lead m5 to wisdom & to virtue1 z w be se5 by ! process ( ?is treatise4 ,?is design ^? only c\ld h 9 use 9 :om true nobility is s[n1 aft] ! mann] t w be describ$ 9 ! f\r? treatise2 & ^! are almo/ all m5 ( ! p1 z ^? are noble :i* 9 ?is *apt] are nam$ above4 ,& !re is no contradiction1 ?\gh "s le>n$ man may be among/ !m2 =1 z says my ,ma/] ,ari/otle 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,e?ics1 ,"o swall[ does n make ! ,spr+4 ,x is1 !n1 evid5t t ! ,"m ,tongue w give ! useful ?+ :]e ,lat9 w\ld n h giv5 x4 ,aga91 ! ,"m ,tongue w give t gift unask$1 :i* ! ,lat9 w\ld n h giv51 because x w give itself 9 =m ( a ,comm5t>y :i* nev] 0 ask$ = by any p]son4 ,b ?is "o _c say ( ! ,lat91 :i* = ,comm5t>y & = ,expositions to _m writ+s has (t5 be5 9 reque/1 z "o c p]ceive cle>ly 9 ! op5+ ( _m a book4 ,& ?us x is evid5t t a ready ,lib]ality mov$ me to use ! ,"m ,tongue r ?an ,lat94 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,he greatly ne$s excuse :o1 at a fea/ s noble 9 its provisions1 & s hon\rable 9 its gue/s1 sets bread ( b>ley1 n ( :eat5 fl\r3 & evid5t mu/ be ! reason :i* c make a man dep>t f t :i* has long be5 ! cu/om ( o!rs1 z ! use ( ,lat9 9 writ+ a ,comm5t>y4 ,&1 !re=e1 he w\ld make ! reason evid5t2 = ! end ( new ?+s is n c]ta91 because exp]i5ce ( !m has nev] be5 _h be=e3 h5ce1 ! ways us$ & obs]v$ are e/imat$ bo? 9 process & 9 ! end4 ,reason1 !re=e1 is mov$ to comm& t man %\ld dilig5tly look ab\t him :5 he ent]s a new pa?1 say+1 t1 9 delib]at+ ab\t new ?+s1 t reason mu/ be cle> :i* c make a man dep>t f an old cu/om4 ,let no "o m>vel1 !n1 if ! digression t\*+ my apology be long2 b1 z is necess>y1 let him be> its l5g? ) pati5ce4 ,cont9u+ x1 ,i say t1 s9ce x has be5 %[n h[1 9 ord] to avoid unsuitable confusion & f read9ess ( lib]ality1 ,i fix$ on ! ,comm5t>y 9 ! ,"m ,tongue & left ! ,lat91 ! ord] ( ! entire apology requires t ,i n[ prove h[ ,i atta*$ myself to t ?r\gh ! natural love = my native tongue1 :i* is ! ?ird & la/ reason :i* mov$ me to ?is4 ,i say t natural love moves ! lov] pr9cipally to ?ree ?+s3 ! "o is to exalt ! lov$ object1 ! second is to be jeal\s !re(1 ! ?ird is to def5d x1 z ea* "o sees con/antly to happ52 & ^! ?ree ?+s made me adopt x1 t is1 our ,"m ,tongue1 :i* naturally & accid5tally ,i love & h lov$4 ,i 0 mov$ 9 ! fir/ place to exalt x4 ,& t ,i d exalt x may be se5 by ?is reason3 x happ5s t x is possible to magnify ?+s 9 _m conditions ( greatness1 & no?+ makes s great z ! greatness ( t goodness :i* is ! "m & pres]v] ( all o!r =ms ( greatness4 ,& no great] goodness c a man h ?an t ( virtu\s action1 :i* is 8 own goodness1 by :i* ! greatness ( true dignity & ( true hon\r1 ( true p[]1 ( true ri*es1 ( true fri5ds1 ( true & pure r5[n1 are acquir$ & pres]v$3 & ?is greatness ,i give to ?is fri5d1 inasmu* z t :i* he _h ( goodness 9 lat5t p[] & hidd51 ,i cause him to h 9 action & reveal$ 9 its own op]ation1 :i* is to decl>e ?\ght4 ,secondly1 ,i 0 mov$ by jeal\sy ( x4 ,! jeal\sy ( ! fri5d makes a man anxi\s to secure la/+ provision2 :]e=e1 ?9k+ t1 f ! desire to und]/& ^! ,songs1 "s unle>n$ man w\ld h translat$ ! ,lat9 ,comm5t>y into ! ,"m ,tongue2 & fe>+ t ! ,"m ,tongue might h be5 employ$ by "s "o :o w\ld h made x seem ugly1 z he did :o translat$ ! ,lat9 ( ! ,e?ics1 ,i endeav\r$ to employ x1 tru/+ 9 myself m ?an 9 any o!r4 ,aga91 ,i 0 mov$ to def5d x f its num]\s accus]s1 :o depreciate x & comm5d o!rs1 especially ! ,langue d',oc1 say+1 t ! latt] is m beautiful & bett] ?an ?is1 !re9 deviat+ f ! tru?4 ,= by ?is ,comm5t>y ! great excell5ce ( our common ,l+ua di ,si w appe>1 s9ce ?r\gh x1 mo/ l(ty & mo/ orig9al ideas may be z fitly1 suffici5tly1 & easily express$ z if x 7 by ! ,lat9 itself1 :i* _c %[ its virtue 9 ?+s rhym$ because ( accid5tal ornam5ts :i* are connect$ !re)--t is1 ! rhyme & ! rhy?m1 or ! regulat$ measure2 z x is ) ! beauty ( a lady :5 ! spl5d\r ( ! jewels & ( ! g>m5ts excite m admiration ?an %e h]self4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o wi%es to judge well ( a lady looks at h] :5 %e is alone & h] natural beauty is ) h]1 free f all accid5tal ornam5t4 ,s x w be ) ?is ,comm5t>y1 9 :i* w be se5 ! facility ( ! syllables1 ! propriety ( ! conditions1 & ! sweet orations :i* are made 9 our ,"m ,tongue1 :i* a good obs]v] w p]ceive to be full ( mo/ sweet & mo/ amiable beauty4 ,b1 s9ce x is mo/ det]m9$ 9 its int5tion to %[ ! error & ! malice ( ! accus]1 ,i w tell1 to ! confusion ( ^? :o accuse ! ,italian language1 :]e=e !y are mov$ to d ?is2 & ?is ,i %all d 9 a special *apt]1 9 ord] t _! %ame may be m notable4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,to ! p]petual %ame & abasem5t ( ! evil m5 ( ,italy :o comm5d ! ,"m ,tongue ( o!r nations & depreciate _! own1 ,i say t _! action proce$s f five abom9able causes3 ! fir/ is bl9dness ( discretion2 ! second1 mis*iev\s self-ju/ification2 ! ?ird1 gre$ ( va+lory2 ! f\r?1 an inv5tion ( envy2 ! fif? & la/1 vil5ess ( m9d1 t is1 c[>dice4 ,& ea* "o ( ^! grave faults has a great foll[+1 = few are ^? :o are free f !m4 ,( ! fir/1 "o c reason ?us4 ,z ! s5sitive "p ( ! s\l has its eyes1 ) :i* x le>ns ! diff]5ce ( ?+s1 inasmu* z !y are col\r$ ext]nally2 s ! rational "p has its eye ) :i* x le>ns ! diff]5ce ( ?+s1 inasmu* z ea* is orda9$ to "s end2 & ?is is discretion4 ,& z he :o is bl9d ) ! eyes ( s5se goes always accord+ to ! guidance ( o!rs judg+ evil & good2 s he :o is bl9d$ f ! light ( discretion1 always goes 9 8 judgm5t accord+ to ! cry1 "r or wrong z x may be4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] ! guide is bl9d1 x mu/ foll[ t :at bl9d man soev] leans on him mu/ come to a bad end4 ,!re=e x is writt5 t1 ,if ! bl9d lead ! bl9d1 bo? fall into ! dit*4 ,?is cry has be5 long rais$ aga9/ our ,"m ,tongue1 = ! reasons :i* w be argu$ bel[4 ,aft] ?is cry ! bl9d m5 above m5tion$1 :o are inf9ite1 z x 7 ) "o h& on ! %\ld] ( ^! false witnesses1 h fall5 into ! dit* ( false op9ion1 f :i* !y "k n h[ to escape4 ,f ! use ( ! sight ( discretion ! mass ( ! p are deb>r$1 because ea* be+ occupi$ f ! e>ly ye>s ( 8 life ) "s trade1 he s directs 8 m9d to t1 by =ce ( necessity1 t he und]/&s n\ght else4 ,& =asmu* z ! habit ( virtue1 moral z well z intellectual1 _c possibly be _h all on a sudd51 b x mu/ be acquir$ ?r\gh long cu/om1 & z ^! p place _! cu/om 9 "s art1 & c>e n to disc]n o!r ?+s1 x is impossible to !m to h discretion4 ,:]e=e x happ5s t (t5 !y cry al\d3 ,long live ,dea?6 & ,let ,life die6 because "s "o beg9s ! cry4 ,& ?is is ! mo/ dang]\s defect 9 _! bl9dness4 ,= ?is reason ,boe?ius judges glory ( ! p va91 because he sees x to be )\t disc]nm5t4 ,^! p]sons are to be t]m$ %eep & n m52 = if a %eep %\ld leap ov] a precipice ( a ?\s& feet1 all ! o!rs w\ld foll[ aft] x2 & if "o %eep1 = "s cause or o!r1 9 cross+ a road1 leaps1 all ! o!rs leap1 ev5 :5 !y see no?+ to leap ov]4 ,& ,i once saw _m leap into a well1 because "o _h leapt into x1 believ+ p]haps t x 0 leap+ a wall2 not)/&+ t ! %eph]d1 weep+ & %\t+1 ) arms & brea/ set himself aga9/ !m4 ,! second faction aga9/ our ,"m ,tongue spr+s f a malici\s self-ju/ification4 ,!re are _m :o w\ld r be ?\ght ma/]s ?an be su*2 & to avoid ! opposite--t is1 to be held n to be su*--!y always ca/ blame on ! mat]ial !y "w on1 or ^u ! in/rum5t2 z ! clumsy smi? blames ! iron giv5 to him1 & ! bad h>pi/ blames ! h>p1 ?9k+ to ca/ ! blame ( ! bad blade & ( ! bad music ^u ! iron & ^u ! h>p1 & to lift x f !mselves4 ,?us !re are "s1 & n a few1 :o desire t a man may hold !m to be orators2 & to excuse !mselves = n speak+1 or = speak+ badly1 !y accuse or ?r[ blame on ! mat]ial1 t is1 _! own ,"m ,tongue1 & praise t ( o!r l&s1 :i* !y are n requir$ to employ4 ,& he :o wi%es to see :]e=e ?is iron is to be blam$1 let him look at ! "w :i* good artific]s make ( x1 & he w und]/& ! malice ( ^? :o1 9 ca/+ blame ^u x1 ?9k !reby to excuse !mselves4 ,aga9/ su* z ^!1 ,tullius exclaims 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 book1 :i* he names ! book ,de ,f9ibus1 because 9 8 "t !y blam$ ! ,roman ,lat9 & prais$ ! ,greek gramm>4 ,& ?us ,i say1 = l reasons1 t ^! m5 vilify ! ,italian tongue1 & glorify t ( ,prov5ce4 ,! ?ird faction aga9/ our ,"m ,tongue spr+s f gre$ ( va+lory4 ,!re are _m :o1 by describ+ c]ta9 ?+s 9 "s o!r language1 & by prais+ t language1 deem !mselves to be m wor?y ( admiration ?an if !y describ$ !m 9 _! own4 ,& und\bt$ly to le>n well a =eign tongue is des]v+ ( "s praise = intellect2 b x is a blameable ?+ to applaud t language beyond tru?1 to glorify "o's self = su* an acquisition4 ,! f\r? spr+s f an inv5tion ( envy4 ,s t1 z x is said above1 envy is always :]e !re is equality4 ,among/ ! m5 ( "o nation !re is ! equality ( ! native tongue2 & because "o kn[s n h[ to use x l ! o!r1 !refrom spr+s envy4 ,! envi\s man !n argues1 n blam+ himself = n kn[+ h[ to speak l him :o does speak z he %\ld1 b he blames t :i* is ! mat]ial ( 8 "w1 9 ord] to rob1 by depreciat+ ! "w on t side1 him :o does speak1 ( hon\r & fame2 l him :o %\ld f9d fault ) ! blade ( a sword1 n 9 ord] to ?r[ blame on ! sword1 b on ! :ole "w ( ! ma/]4 ,! fif? & la/ faction spr+s f vil5ess ( m9d4 ,! magnanim\s man always praises himself 9 8 he>t2 & s ! pusillanim\s man1 on ! contr>y1 always deems himself less ?an he is4 ,& because to magnify & to dim9i% always h respect to some?+1 by comp>ison ) :i* ! l>ge-m9d$ man makes himself great & ! small-m9d$ man makes himself small1 x results !refrom t ! magnanim\s man always makes o!rs less ?an !y are1 & ! pusillanim\s makes o!rs always great]4 ,& !re=e ) t measure :]e) a man measures himself1 he measures 8 own ?+s1 :i* are z x 7 a "p ( himself4 ,x results t to ! magnanim\s man 8 own ?+s always appe> bett] ?an !y are1 & ^? ( o!rs less good2 ! pusillanim\s man always believes 8 ?+s to be ( little value1 & ^? ( o!rs ( mu* wor?4 ,:]e=e _m1 on acc\nt ( ?is vil5ess ( m9d1 depreciate _! native tongue1 & applaud t ( o!rs2 & all su* z ^! are ! abom9able wick$ m5 ( ,italy :o hold ?is preci\s ,"m ,tongue 9 vile contempt1 :i* if x be vile 9 any case1 is s only inasmu* z x s\nds 9 ! evil m\? ( ^! adult]]s1 "u ^: guidance g ^? bl9d m5 ( :om ,i spoke 9 ! fir/ argum5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,if flames ( fire %\ld issue visibly ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( a h\se1 & if any "o %\ld ask if !re 7 fire )9 x1 & if ano!r %\ld answ] ,yes to him1 "o w\ld n well "k h[ to judge :i* ( ^? might be mock+ ! mo/4 ,n o!rwise w\ld ! "q & ! answ] pass betwe5 me & t man :o %\ld ask me if love = my own language is 9 me1 & if ,i %\ld answ] ,yes to him1 aft] ! argum5ts prop\nd$ above4 ,b1 nev]!less1 x has to be prov$ t n only love1 b ! mo/ p]fect love = x exi/s 9 me1 & aga9 its adv]s>ies mu/ be blam$4 ,:il/ demon/rat+ ?is to him :o w und]/& well1 ,i w tell h[ ,i became ! fri5d ( x1 & !n h[ my fri5d%ip is confirm$4 ,i say t 7z ,tullius writes 9 8 book on ,fri5d%ip1 n diss5t+ f ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph] op5$ up 9 ! eigh? & 9 ! n9? ( ! ,e?ics7 ,neighb\rhood & ,goodness are1 naturally1 ! causes ( ! bir? ( ,love3 ,b5evol5ce1 ,/udy1 & ,cu/om are ! causes ( ! gr[? ( ,love4 ,& !re h be5 all ^! causes to produce & to /r5g!n ! love :i* ,i be> to my ,native ,language1 z ,i %all briefly demon/rate4 ,a ?+ is s mu* ! ne>] 9 proportion z x is mo/ ne>ly alli$ to all ! o!r ?+s ( its own k9d2 :]e=e1 ( all m5 ! son is ne>e/ to ! fa!r1 & ( all ! ,arts1 ,m$ic9e is ne>e/ to ! ,doctor1 & ,music to ! ,musician1 because !y are m alli$ to !m ?an ! o!rs4 ,( all p>ts ( ! e>? ! ne>e/ is t :]eon a man lives1 because he is mo/ unit$ to x4 ,& ?us 8 own ,native ,language is ne>e/ to him1 inasmu* z he is mo/ unit$ to x2 = x1 & x alone1 is fir/ 9 ! m9d be=e any o!r4 ,& n only ( itself is x unit$1 b by accid5t1 inasmu* z x is unit$ ) ! p]sons ne>e/ to him1 z 8 p>5ts1 & 8 fell[-citiz5s1 & 8 own p4 ,& ?is is 8 own ,"m ,tongue1 :i* is n only ne>e/1 b especially ! ne>e/ to ea* man4 ,!re=e1 if ne> neighb\rhood be ! se$ ( fri5d%ip1 z is said above1 x is manife/ t x has be5 "o ( ! causes ( ! love :i* ,i be> to my ,native ,language1 :i* is ne>] to me ?an ! o!rs4 ,! above-m5tion$ cause1 :]eby t alone :i* /&s fir/ 9 ea* m9d is mo/ b\nd to x1 gave rise to ! cu/om ( ! p1 t ! fir/-born sons %\ld succe$ to ! inh]itance solely z be+ ! ne>e/ relatives2 & because ! ne>e/ relatives1 !re=e ! mo/ belov$4 ,aga91 ,goodness made me a fri5d to x4 ,& "h x is to be kn[n t all goodness inh]5t 9 any?+ is loveable 9 t ?+2 z 9 manhood to be well be>d$1 & 9 womanhood to be all ov] ! face q free f hair2 z 9 ! sett] to h good sc5t1 & z 9 ! greyh\nd to be swift4 ,& 9 proportion z x is native1 s mu* ! m is x delightful4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ea* virtue is loveable 9 man1 t is ! mo/ loveable 9 him :i* is mo/ human3 & ?is is ,ju/ice1 :i* alone is 9 ! rational "p1 or r 9 ! intellectual1 t is1 9 ! ,w4 ,?is is s loveable t z says ! ,philosoph] 9 ! fif? book ( ! ,e?ics1 its enemies love x1 su* z ?ieves & robb]s2 &1 !re=e1 we see t its opposite1 t is1 ,inju/ice1 is especially hat$2 su* z trea*]y1 +ratitude1 falsehood1 !ft1 rap9e1 deceit1 & _! l2 ! :i* are su* inhuman s9s1 t1 9 ord] to excuse himself f ! infamy ( su*1 x is grant$ ?r\gh long cu/om t a man may speak ( himself1 z has be5 said above1 & may say if he be fai?ful & loyal4 ,( ?is virtue ,i %all speak h]eaft] m fully 9 ! f\rte5? treatise2 & "h quitt+ x1 ,i return to ! proposition4 ,hav+ prov$1 !n1 t ! goodness ( a ?+ is lov$ ! m ! m x is innate1 ! m x is to be lov$ & comm5d$ = itself1 x rema9s to see :at t goodness is4 ,& we see t1 9 all spee*1 to express a ?\ght well & cle>ly is ! ?+ mo/ to be admir$ & comm5d$4 ,?is1 !n1 is its fir/ goodness4 ,& =asmu* z ?is is 9 our ,"m ,tongue1 z is made evid5t 9 ano!r *apt]1 x is manife/ t x has be5 ! cause ( ! love :i* ,i be> to x2 s9ce1 z has be5 said1 ,goodness is ! produc] ( ,love4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,hav+ said h[ 9 ! ,"m ,tongue !re are ^? two ?+s :i* h made me its fri5d1 t is1 ne>ness to me & its innate goodness1 ,i w tell h[ by k9dness & union 9 /udy1 & ?r\gh ! b5evol5ce ( long use1 ! fri5d%ip is confirm$ & gr[s4 ,fir/ly1 ,i say t ,i = myself h receiv$ f x ! greate/ b5efits4 ,&1 !re=e1 x is to be kn[n t1 among/ all b5efits1 t is ! greate/ :i* is mo/ preci\s to him :o receives x2 & no?+ is s preci\s z t ?r\gh :i* all o!r ?+s are wi%$2 & all ! o!r ?+s are wi%$ = ! p]fection ( him :o wi%es4 ,:]e=e1 inasmu* z a man may h two p]fections1 "o fir/ & "o second 7! fir/ causes him to be1 ! second causes him to be good71 if ! ,native ,language has be5 to me ! cause ( ! "o & ( ! o!r1 ,i h receiv$ f x ! greate/ b5efit4 ,& t x may h be5 ! cause ( ?is condition 9 me c be %[n briefly4 ,! effici5t cause = ! exi/5ce ( ?+s is n "o only1 b among _m effici5t causes "o is ! *ief ( ! o!rs1 h5ce ! fire & ! hamm] are ! effici5t causes ( ! sword-blade1 al?\gh ! workman is especially s4 ,?is my ,"m ,tongue 0 ! bond ( union betwe5 my =efa!rs1 :o spoke ) x1 ev5 z ! fire is ! l9k betwe5 ! iron & ! smi? :o makes ! knife2 !re=e x is evid5t t x co-op]at$ 9 my bir?1 & s x 0 9 "s way ! cause ( my be+4 ,aga91 ?is my ,"m ,tongue 0 my introduc] into ! pa? ( k1 :i* is ! ultimate p]fection1 inasmu* z ) x ,i ent]$ into ! ,lat9 ,language1 & ) x ,i 0 taught2 ! :i* ,lat9 0 !n ! way ( fur!r advancem5t = me4 ,& s x is evid5t & kn[n by me t ?is my language has be5 my great b5efactor4 ,also x has be5 engag$ ) me 9 "o self-same /udy1 & ?is ,i c ?us prove4 ,ea* ?+ naturally /udies its self-pres]vation2 h5ce1 if ! ,"m ,tongue c\ld seek any?+ ( itself1 x w\ld seek t2 & t w\ld be to secure = itself a position ( ! greate/ /ability3 b great] /ability x c\ld n secure ?an by unit+ itself ) numb] & ) rhyme4 ,& ?is self-same /udy has be5 m9e1 z is s evid5t t x requires no te/imony2 !re=e its /udy & m9e h be5 "o & ! same1 :]eby ! h>mony ( fri5d%ip is confirm$ & increas$4 ,also betwe5 u !re has be5 ! b5evol5ce ( long use3 = f ! beg9n+ ( my life ,i h _h ) x k9d fell[%ip & conv]sation1 & h us$ x1 :5 delib]at+1 int]pret+1 & que/ion+2 :]e=e1 if fri5d%ip increases ?r\gh long use1 z 9 all reason appe>s1 x is manife/ t 9 me x has increas$ especially1 = ) ?is my ,"m ,tongue ,i h sp5t all my "t4 ,& ?us "o sees t to ! %ap+ ( ?is fri5d%ip !re h co-op]at$ all causes ( bir? & gr[?4 ,!re=e1 let x be conclud$ t n only ,love1 b ! mo/ ,p]fect ,love1 is t :i* ,i h = x4 ,s x is1 & ought to be4 ,?us1 ca/+ ! eyes backw>ds & ga!r+ up ! a=e-/at$ reasons1 "o c see t ?is ,bread1 ) :i* ! ,meat ( ! "u-writt5 ,poems ought to be eat51 is made cle> en\gh ( blemi%es1 & ( fault 9 ! nature ( its gra94 ,:]e=e1 x is "t to att5d to & s]ve up ! vi&s4 ,?is w be t b>ley-bread ) :i* a ?\s& w satisfy !mselves2 & my full baskets %all ov]fl[ ) x4 ,?is w be t new ,light1 t new ,sun1 :i* %all rise :5 ! sun ( ?is our day %all set1 & %all give light to ^? :o are 9 d>kness & 9 gloom because ! sun ( ?is our day gives light to !m no m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,second ,treatise4 ,ye :o ! ?ird ,heav5 move1 int5t ( ?\ght1 ,he> reason+ t is )9 my he>t1 ,?\ghts t to none b y ,i c imp>t3 ,heav51 t is mov$ by y1 my life has br\ght ,to :]e x /&s1 !re=e ,i pray y he$ ,:at ,i %all say ab\t ! life ,i lead4 ,to y ,i tell ! he>t's new c>es3 always ,! sad ,s\l weeps )9 x1 & !re he>s ,voice ( a ,_s t condemns h] te>s1 ,a ,_s t desc5ds 9 y\r />'s rays4 ,?\ght t once f$ ! griev+ he>t 0 sweet1 ,?\ght t (t fl$ up to y\r ,fa!r's feet4 ,!re x beheld a ,lady glorifi$1 ,( :om s sweetly x disc\rs$ to me ,t ! ,s\l said1 ,) h] ,i long to be6 ,n[ ,"o appe>s t drives ! ?\ght aside1 ,& ma/]s me ) s effectual might ,t my he>t quiv]s to ! outw>d sight4 ,?is on a ,lady fixes my reg>d ,& says1 ,:o seeks :]e 8 salvation lies ,mu/ gaze int5tly 9 ?is ,lady's eyes1 ,nor dread ! sighs ( angui%6 ,o1 ill-/>r$6 ,su* opposite n[ breaks ! humble dream ,( ! cr[n$ angel 9 ! glory beam4 ,/ill1 !re=e1 ! ,s\l weeps1 ,! t5d] /ir1 ,x says1 ( ?\ght t once consol$ me flies6 ,t tr\bl$ "o asks1 ,:5 into ?9e eyes ,look$ %e8 ,:y d\bt$ !y my words ( h]8 ,i said1 ,h] eyes be> dea? to su* z ,i3 ,yet1 va9ly w>n$1 ,i gaze on h] & die4 ,?\ art n dead1 b 9 a va9 dismay1 ,de> ,s\l ( ours s lo/ 9 ?y di/ress1 ,:isp]s a _s voice ( t5d]ness4 ,?is ,lady's beauty d>k5s all y\r day1 ,vile fe> possesses y2 see1 %e is l[ly ,pitiful1 c\rte\s1 ?\gh s wise & holy4 ,?9k ?\ to call h] ,mi/ress ev]more3 ,save ?\ delude ?yself1 !n %all !re %9e ,high miracles be=e !e1 s div9e ,t ?\ %alt say1 ,o ,love1 :5 ,i adore1 ,true ,"l1 behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l1 ,be x unto me accord+ to ?y ,^w6 ,my song1 ,i d believe !re w be few ,:o toil to und]/& ?y reason+2 ,b if ?\ pass1 p]*ance1 to ^? :o br+ ,no skill to give !e ! att5tion due1 ,!n pray ,i1 de> la/-born1 let !m rejoice ,to f9d at lea/ a music 9 my voice4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,s9ce ,i1 ! s]vant1 ) prelim9>y disc\rse 9 ! prec$+ ,treatise1 h ) all due c>e prep>$ my bread1 ! "t n[ summons1 & requires my %ip to leave ! port3 :]e=e1 hav+ trimm$ ! miz5-ma/ ( reason to ! w9d ( my desire1 ,i ent] ! ocean ) ! hope ( an easy voyage1 & a heal?ful happy hav5 to be rea*$ at ! end ( my supp]4 ,b 9 ord] t my food may be m pr(itable1 be=e ! fir/ di% comes on ! table ,i wi% to %[ h[ x ought to be eat54 ,i say !n1 z is n>rat$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 t ?is exposition mu/ be ,lit]al & ,allegorical2 & to make ?is explicit "o %\ld "k t x is possible to und]/& a book 9 f\r diff]5t ways1 & t x ought to be expla9$ *iefly 9 ?is mann]4 ,! "o is t]m$ ,lit]al1 & ?is is t :i* does n ext5d beyond ! text itself1 su* z is ! fit n>ration ( t ?+ :]e( y are disc\rs+1 an appropriate example ( :i* is ! ?ird ,song1 :i* disc\rses ( ,nobility4 ,ano!r is t]m$ ,allegorical1 & x is t :i* is conceal$ "u ! veil ( fables1 & is a ,tru? conceal$ "u a beautiful ,untru?2 z :5 ,ovid says t ,orpheus ) 8 lute made ! wild bea/s tame1 & made ! trees & ! /ones to foll[ him1 :i* signifies t ! wise man ) ! in/rum5t ( 8 voice makes cruel he>ts g5tle & humble1 & makes ^? foll[ 8 w :o h n ! liv+ =ce ( k & ( art2 :o1 hav+ n ! reason+ life ( any k :atev]1 are z ! /ones4 ,& 9 ord] t ?is hidd5 ?+ %\ld be discov]$ by ! wise1 x w be demon/rat$ 9 ! la/ ,treatise4 ,v]ily ! !ologians take ?is mean+ o!rwise ?an d ! poets3 b1 because my int5tion "h is to foll[ ! way ( ! poets1 ,i %all take ! ,allegorical s5se accord+ z x is us$ by ! poets4 ,! ?ird s5se is t]m$ ,moral2 & ?is is t :i* ! read]s ought int5tly to se>* = 9 books1 = _! own advantage & = t ( _! desc5dants2 z "o c espy 9 ! ,gospel1 :5 ,*ri/ asc5d$ ! ,m\nt = ! ,transfiguration1 t1 ( ! twelve ,apo/les1 ,he took ) ,him only ?ree4 ,f :i* "o c und]/& 9 ! ,moral s5se t 9 ! mo/ secret ?+s we ought to h b little company4 ,! f\r? s5se is t]m$ ,my/ical1 t is1 above s5se1 sup]natural2 & ?is x is1 :5 spiritually "o exp\nds a writ+ :i* ev5 9 ! ,lit]al s5se by ! ?+s signifi$ be>s express ref]5ce to ! ,div9e ?+s ( ,et]nal ,glory2 z "o c see 9 t ,song ( ! ,prophet :i* says t by ! exodus ( ! p ( ,israel f ,egypt ,juda is made holy & free4 ,t ?is happ5s to be true accord+ to ! lett] is evid5t4 ,n less true is t :i* x means spiritually1 t 9 ! ,s\l's lib]ation f ,s9 7or 9 ! exodus ( ! ,s\l f ,s97 x is made holy & free 9 its p[]s4 ,b 9 demon/rat+ ^!1 ! ,lit]al mu/ always g fir/1 z t 9 ^: s5se ! o!rs are includ$1 & )\t :i* x w\ld be impossible & irrational to und]/& ! o!rs4 ,especially is x impossible 9 ! ,allegorical1 because1 9 ea* ?+ :i* has a )9 & a )\t1 x is impossible to come to ! )9 if y d n fir/ come to ! )\t4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce 9 books ! ,lit]al mean+ is always ext]nal1 x is impossible to rea* ! o!rs1 especially ! ,allegorical1 )\t fir/ com+ to ! ,lit]al4 ,aga91 x is impossible1 because 9 ea* ?+1 natural & artificial1 x is impossible to proce$ to ! =m )\t hav+ fir/ laid d[n ! matt] ^u :i* ! =m %\ld be4 ,?us1 x is impossible = ! =m ( ! gold to come1 if ! matt]1 t is1 its subject1 is n fir/ laid d[n & prep>$2 or = ! =m ( ! ark to come1 if ! mat]ial1 t is1 ! wood1 be n fir/ laid d[n & prep>$4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! ,lit]al mean+ is always ! subject & ! matt] ( ! o!rs1 especially ( ! ,allegorical1 x is impossible to come fir/ to ! mean+ ( ! o!rs be=e com+ to x4 ,aga91 x is impossible1 because 9 ea* ?+1 natural & artificial1 x is impossible to proce$ unless ! f\ndation be fir/ laid1 z 9 ! h\se1 s also 9 ! m9d4 ,!re=e1 s9ce demon/ration mu/ be ! build+ up ( ,k1 & ,lit]al demon/ration mu/ be ! f\ndation ( ! o!r me?ods ( int]pret+1 especially ( ! ,allegorical1 x is impossible to come fir/ to ! o!rs be=e com+ to t4 ,aga91 if x 7 possible t x c\ld be s ord]$1 x w\ld be irrational1 t is1 out ( ord]2 &1 !re=e1 "o w\ld proce$ )1 mu* fatigue & ) mu* error4 ,h5ce1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,physics1 ,nature desires t we proce$ 9 due ord] 9 our se>* = k1 t is1 by proce$+ f t :i* we "k well to t :i* we "k n s well2 s ,i say t ,nature desires x1 inasmu* z ?is way to k is innate 9 u2 & !re=e1 if ! o!r mean+s1 ap>t f ! ,lit]al1 are less und]/ood--:i* !y are1 z evid5tly appe>s--x w\ld be irrational to demon/rate !m if ! ,lit]al _h n fir/ be5 demon/rat$4 ,i1 !n1 = ^! reasons w disc\rse 9 due ord] ( ea* ,song1 fir/ly ^u its ,lit]al mean+1 & aft] t ,i w disc\rse ( its ,allegory1 t is1 ! hidd5 ,tru?1 & sometimes ,i w t\* incid5tally on ! o!r mean+s z may be conv5i5t to place & "t4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,beg9n+1 !n1 ,i say t ! /> ( ,v5us _h twice revolv$ 9 t circle :i* causes ! ev5+ & ! morn+ to appe>1 accord+ to ! two v>y+ seasons1 s9ce ! dea? ( t bless$ ,beatrice1 :o lives 9 ,heav5 ) ! ,angels1 & on ,e>? ) my s\l2 :5 t g5tle ,lady1 ( :om ,i made m5tion at ! end ( ! ,vita ,nuova1 fir/ appe>$ be=e my eyes1 accompani$ by ,love1 & assum$ a position 9 my m9d4 ,&1 z has be5 /at$ by me 9 ! little book ref]r$ to1 m because ( h] g5tle goodness ?an f *oice ( m9e1 x befell t ,i cons5t$ to be h] s]vant4 ,= %e appe>$ impassion$ ) su* sorr[ = my sad wid[$ life t ! spirits ( my eyes became especially fri5dly to h]2 &1 s dispos$1 !y !n depict$ h] to be su* t my good-w 0 cont5t to esp\se itself to t image4 ,b because ,love is n born sudd5ly1 nor gr[s great nor comes to p]fection 9 ha/e1 b desires "t & food = ?\ght1 especially !re :]e !re are antagoni/ic ?\ghts :i* imp$e x1 !re mu/ ne$s be1 be=e ?is new ,love c\ld be p]fect1 a great battle betwe5 ! ?\ght ( its food & ( t :i* 0 antagoni/ic to x1 :i* /ill held ! =tress ( my m9d = t glori\s ,beatrice4 ,= ! "o 0 succ\r$ on "o side cont9ually by ! ev]-pres5t vision1 & ! o!r on ! opposite side by ! memory ( ! pa/4 ,& ! help ( ! ev]-pres5t sight increas$ ea* day1 :i* memory c\ld n d1 9 oppos+ t :i* to a c]ta9 degree prev5t$ me f turn+ ! face t[>ds ! pa/4 ,:]e=e x seem$ to me s wond]ful1 & also s h>d to endure1 t ,i c\ld n support x1 & ) a l\d cry 7to excuse myself f ! /ruggle1 9 :i* x seem$ to me t ,i _h fail$ 9 c\rage7 ,i lift$ up my voice t[>ds t "p :5ce came ! victory ( ! new ?\ght1 :i* 0 full ( virtu\s p[]1 ev5 ! p[] ( cele/ial virtue2 & ,i began to say3 ,y6 :o ! ?ird ,heav5 move1 int5t ( ?\ght4 ,= ! intellig5t und]/&+ ( :i* ,song1 "o mu/ fir/ "k its divisions well1 s t x w !n be easy to p]ceive its mean+4 ,9 ord] t x may no long] be necess>y to preface ! explanations ( ! o!rs1 ,i say t ! ord] :i* w be tak5 9 ?is ,treatise ,i int5d to keep ?r\gh all ! o!rs4 ,i say1 !n1 t ! propos$ ,song is conta9$ )9 ?ree pr9cipal p>ts4 ,! fir/ is ! fir/ v]se ( t1 9 :i* c]ta9 ,intellig5ces are induc$ to li/5 to :at ,i int5d to say1 or r by a m usual =m ( spee* we %\ld call !m ,angels1 :o are 9 ! revolution ( ! ,heav5 ( ,v5us1 z ! mov]s !re(4 ,! second is 9 ! l9es :i* foll[ aft] ! fir/1 9 :i* is made manife/ t :i* ,i felt spiritually amid/ v>i\s ?\ghts4 ,! ?ird is 9 ! la/ l9es1 :]e9 ! man beg9s to speak to ! "w itself1 z if to com=t x1 z x 71 & all ^! ?ree p>ts are 9 due ord] to be demon/rat$1 z has be5 said above4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,t we may m easily p]ceive ! ,lit]al mean+ ( ! fir/ division1 to :i* we n[ att5d1 x is requisite to "k :o & :at are ^? :o are summon$ to my audi5ce1 & :at is t ?ird ,heav5 :i* ,i say is mov$ by !m4 ,& fir/ly ,i w speak ( ! ,heav52 !n ,i w speak ( ^? :om ,i address ,& al?\gh ) reg>d to ! tru? conc]n+ ^? ?+s x is possible to "k b little1 yet s mu* z human reason c disc]n gives m delight ?an ! be/ kn[n & mo/ c]ta9 ( ! ?+s judg$ by ! s5se2 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph] 9 8 book on ,animals4 ,i say1 !n1 t conc]n+ ! numb] ( ! ,heav5s & _! site1 diff]5t op9ions are held by _m1 al?\gh ! tru? at la/ may be f\nd4 ,ari/otle believ$1 foll[+ m]ely ! anci5t fooli%ness ( ! ,a/rolog]s1 t !re might be only eight ,heav5s1 ( :i* ! la/ "o1 & :i* conta9$ all1 might be t :]e ! fix$ />s are1 t is1 ! eigh? sph]e1 & t beyond x !re c\ld be no o!r4 ,aga91 he believ$ t ! ,heav5 ( ! ,sun might be imm$iate ) t ( ! ,moon1 t is1 second to u4 ,& ?is op9ion ( 81 s errone\s1 he :o wi%es c see 9 ! second book on ,heav5 & ! ,_w1 :i* is 9 ! second ( ! ,books on ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,9 fact1 he excuses himself = ?is 9 ! twelf? book ( ! ,metaphysics1 :]e he cle>ly proves himself to h foll[$ also ano!r op9ion :]e he 0 oblig$ to speak ( ,a/rology4 ,ptolemy1 !n1 p]ceiv+ t ! eigh? sph]e is mov$ by _m movem5ts1 see+ its circle to dep>t f ! "r circle1 :i* turns f ,ea/ to ,we/1 con/ra9$ by ! pr9ciples ( ,philosophy1 :i* ( necessity desires a ,primum ,mobile1 a mo/ simple "o1 suppos$ ano!r ,heav5 to be outside ! ,heav5 ( ! fix$ />s1 :i* might make t revolution f ,ea/ to ,we/ :i* ,i say is complet$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ne>ly1 t is1 9 tw5ty-?ree h\rs1 f\rte5 p>ts ( ! fifte5 ( ano!r1 c\nt+ r\ghly4 ,!re=e1 accord+ to him1 & accord+ to t :i* is held 9 ,a/rology & 9 ,philosophy s9ce ^? movem5ts 7 se51 !re are n9e moveable ,heav5s2 ! site ( :i* is evid5t & det]m9$1 accord+ to an ,art :i* is t]m$ ,p]spective1 ,ari?metical & ,geometrical1 by :i* & by o!r s5sible exp]i5ces x is visibly & reasonably se51 z 9 ! eclipses ( ! ,sun x appe>s s5sibly1 t ! ,moon is bel[ ! ,sun2 & z by ! te/imony ( ,ari/otle1 :o saw ) 8 own eyes1 accord+ to :at he says 9 ! second book on ,heav5 & ! ,_w1 ! ,moon1 be+ new1 to ent] bel[ ,m>s1 on ! side n %9+1 & ,m>s to rema9 conceal$ s long t he re-appe>$ on ! o!r bright side ( ! ,moon1 :i* 0 t[>ds ! ,we/4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,& ! ord] ( ! h\ses is ?is1 t ! fir/ t !y enum]ate is t :]e ! ,moon is2 ! second is t :]e ,m]cury is2 ! ?ird is t :]e ,v5us is2 ! f\r? is t :]e ! ,sun is2 ! fif? is t :]e ,m>s is2 ! six? is t :]e ,jupit] is2 ! sev5? is t :]e ,saturn is2 ! eigh? is t ( ! ,/>s2 ! n9? is t :i* is n visible except by t movem5t :i* is m5tion$ above1 :i* !y designate ! great ,cry/all9e sph]e1 diaphan\s1 or r all transp>5t4 ,truly1 beyond all ^!1 ! ,ca?olics place ! ,empyrean ,heav51 :i* is z mu* z to say1 ! ,heav5 ( ,flame1 or r ! ,lum9\s ,heav52 & !y assign x to be immoveable1 9 ord] to h 9 itself1 accord+ to ea* "p1 t :i* its mat]ial desires4 ,& ?is is :y t fir/ mov$--! ,primum ,mobile--has su* extremely rapid motion4 ,=1 because ( ! mo/ f]v5t appetite :i* ea* "p ( x has to be unit$ ) ea* "p ( t mo/ ,div9e ,heav5 ( ,peace1 9 :i* x revolves ) s mu* desire1 its velocity is almo/ incompreh5sible4 ,& ?is quiet & peaceful ,heav5 is ! place ( t ,supreme ,deity :o f above beholds ! :ole4 ,?is is ! place ( ! bless$ ,spirits1 accord+ z ,holy ,*ur* tea*es1 :i* _c speak falsely2 & ev5 ,ari/otle seems to feel ?is1 to him :o und]/&s him well1 9 ! fir/ book ( ,heav5 & ! ,_w4 ,?is is ! highe/ b\nd ( ! ,_w1 )9 :i* ! :ole ,_w is includ$1 & beyond :i* !re is no?+4 ,& x is 9 no place1 b 0 =m$ alone 9 ! ,fir/ ,m9d1 :i* ! ,greeks t]m ,protonoe4 ,?is is t magnific5ce ( :i* ! ,psalmi/ spoke :5 he sang to ,god3 ,?y glory is rais$ above ! ,heav5s4 ,s1 !n1 ga!r+ toge!r ?is :i* is discuss$1 x seems t !re may be t5 ,heav5s1 ( :i* ! ,heav5 ( ,v5us may be ! ?ird2 :]e( m5tion is made 9 t "p :i* ,i int5d to demon/rate4 ,& x is to be kn[n t ea* ,heav5 bel[ ! ,cry/all9e has two firm poles z to itself2 & ! n9? has !m firm & fix$1 & n mutable 9 any respect4 ,& ea* "o1 ! n9? ev5 z ! o!rs1 has a circle1 :i* "o may t]m ! equator ( its own ,heav52 :i* equally1 9 ea* "p ( its revolution1 is remote f "o pole & f ! o!r1 z he :o rolls an apple or any o!r r\nd ?+ c s5sibly p]ceive4 ,& ?is circle has m swiftness 9 its movem5t ?an any o!r "p ( its ,heav51 9 ea* ,heav51 z he may p]ceive :o consid]s well4 ,& ea* "p1 9 proportion z x is ne>] to x1 moves s mu* ! m swiftly2 s mu* ! sl[] 9 proportion z x is m remote & ne>] to ! pole2 s9ce its revolution is less1 & x mu/ ( necessity be 9 "o self-same "t ) ! great]4 ,i say aga91 t 9 proportion z ! ,heav5 is ne>] to ! equatorial circle1 s mu* ! m noble is x 9 comp>ison to its poles2 s9ce x has m motion & m actuality & m life & m =m & m t\* f t :i* is above itself1 & consequ5tly has m virtue4 ,h5ce ! />s 9 ! ,heav5 ( ! fix$ />s are m full ( p[] among/ !mselves 9 proportion z !y are ne>] to t circle4 ,& ^u ! back ( ?is circle 9 ! ,heav5 ( ,v5us1 ( :i* ,i n[ speak1 is a little sph]e1 :i* revolves by itself 9 ?is ,heav51 ! circle ( :i* ,a/rolog]s call ,epicycle2 & z ! great sph]e revolves ab\t two poles1 s does ?is little sph]e3 & s has ?is little sph]e ! equatorial circle2 & s mu* ! m noble x is 9 proportion z x is ne>] to ^?3 & 9 ! arc1 or r back1 ( ?is circle is fix$ ! mo/ brilliant /> ( ,v5us4 ,&1 al?\gh x may be said t !re are t5 ,heav5s accord+ to /rict ,tru?1 ?is numb] does n compreh5d !m all3 = t ( :i* m5tion is made1 ! ,epicycle1 9 :i* ! /> is fix$1 is a ,heav5 by itself1 or r sph]e2 & x has n "o ess5ce ) t :i* be>s x1 al?\gh x may be m l to x ?an to ! o!rs1 & ) x is call$ "o ,heav51 & !y "n ! "o & ! o!r f ! />4 ,h[ ! o!r ,heav5s & ! o!r />s may be is n = pres5t discussion2 let x suffice t ! nature ( ! ?ird ,heav51 ) :i* ,i am at pres5t conc]n$1 has be5 told1 & conc]n+ :i* all t is at pres5t ne$ful has be5 %[n4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,s9ce x has be5 %[n 9 ! prec$+ *apt] :at ?is ?ird ,heav5 is1 & h[ x is ord]$ 9 itself1 x rema9s to %[ :o ^? are :o move x4 ,x is !n to be kn[n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! mov]s !re( are sub/ances ap>t f mat]ial1 t is1 ,intellig5ces1 :i* ! common p t]m ,angels3 & ( ^! creatures1 z ( ! ,heav5s1 diff]5t p]sons h _h diff]5t ideas1 al?\gh ! tru? may be f\nd4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 ,philosoph]s1 ( :om ,ari/otle appe>s to be "o 9 8 ,metaphysics1 al?\gh 9 ! fir/ book on ,heav5 & ,e>? incid5tally he appe>s to ?9k o!rwise1 :o only believ$ ^! to be s _m z !re are revolutions 9 ! ,heav5s1 & no m2 say+1 t ! o!rs w\ld h be5 et]nally 9 va91 )\t op]ation1 :i* 0 impossible1 inasmu* z _! be+ is _! op]ation4 ,!re 7 o!rs1 l ,plato1 a mo/ excell5t man1 :o place n only s _m ,intellig5ces z !re are movem5ts 9 ,heav51 b ev5 z !re are species ( ?+s1 t is1 mann]s ( ?+s2 z ( "o species are all mank9d1 & ( ano!r all ! gold1 & ( ano!r all ! silv]1 & s ) all3 & !y are ( op9ion t z ! ,intellig5ces ( ! ,heav5s are g5]ators ( ^? movem5ts ea* aft] 8 k9d1 s ^! 7 g5]ators ( ! o!r ?+s1 ea* "o be+ a type ( its species3 & ,plato calls !m ,ideas1 :i* is z mu* z to say1 s _m univ]sal =ms & natures4 ,! ,g5tiles call$ !m ,gods & ,goddesses1 al?\gh !y c\ld n und]/& ^? s philosophically z ,plato did2 & !y ador$ _! images1 & built l>ge temples to !m1 z to ,juno1 :om !y call$ ! ,goddess ( ,p[]2 z to ,vulcan1 :om !y call$ ! ,god ( ,fire2 z to ,pallas1 or r ,m9]va1 :om !y call$ ! ,goddess ( ,wisdom2 & to ,c]es1 :om !y call$ ! ,goddess ( ,corn4 ,op9ions su* z ^! ! te/imony ( ! ,poets makes manife/1 = !y describe to a c]ta9 ext5t ! mode ( ! ,g5tiles bo? 9 _! sacrifices & 9 _! fai?2 & x is te/ifi$ also 9 _m names1 rema9s ( antiquity1 or 9 names ( places & anci5t build+s1 z he :o w c easily f9d4 ,& al?\gh ^! op9ions above m5tion$ might be built ^u a good f\ndation by human reason & by no slight k1 yet ! ,tru? 0 n se5 by !m1 ei!r f defect ( reason or f defect ( in/ruction4 ,yet ev5 by reason x 0 possible to see t v num]\s 7 ! creatures above m5tion$ :o are n su* z m5 c und]/&4 ,& ! "o reason is ?is3 no "o d\bts1 nei!r ,philosoph]1 nor ,g5tile1 nor ,jew1 nor ,*ri/ian1 nor any "o ( any sect1 t !y are ei!r ! :ole or ! great] "p full ( all ,bless$ness1 & t ^? bless$ ones are 9 a mo/ p]fect /ate4 ,!re=e1 s9ce t :i* is "h ,human ,nature may h n only "o ,beatitude1 b two ,beatitudes1 z t ( ! ,civil ,life & t ( ! ,contemplative1 x w\ld be irrational if we %\ld see ^! ,cele/ial ,be+s to h ! ,beatitude ( ! ,active ,life1 t is1 ! ,civil1 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,_w1 & n to h t ( ! ,contemplative1 :i* is ! mo/ excell5t & mo/ ,div9e4 ,b s9ce t :i* has ! ,beatitude ( ! ,civil gov]nm5t _c h ! o!r1 because _! intellect is "o & p]petual1 !re mu/ be o!rs beyond ?is m9i/ry1 :o live only 9 contemplation4 ,& because ?is latt] life is m ,div9e--& 9 proportion z ! ?+ is m ,div9e s mu* ! m is x 9 ! image ( ,god--x is evid5t t ?is life is m belov$ ( ,god3 & if x be m belov$1 s mu* ! m va/ has its ,beatitude be52 & if x has be5 m va/1 s mu* ! m vivify+ p[] has ,he giv5 to x r ?an to ! o!r2 !re=e "o concludes t !re may ,de a mu* l>g] numb] ( ^? creatures ?an ! effects t5d to %[4 ,& ?is is n oppos$ to t :i* ,ari/otle seems to /ate 9 ! t5? book ( ! ,e?ics1 t to ! sep>ate sub/ances ! ,contemplative ,life mu/ be requisite2 z also ! ,active ,life mu/ be imp]ative to !m4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! contemplation ( c]ta9 tru?s ! revolution ( ! ,heav5 foll[s1 :i* is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,_w2 :i* is1 z x 71 a ,civil gov]nm5t orda9$ & compreh5d$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! mov]s1 t is1 ! rul+ ,intellig5ces4 ,! o!r reason is1 t no effect is great] ?an ! cause1 because ! cause _c give t :i* x has n2 :]e=e1 s9ce ! ,div9e ,intellect is ! cause ( all1 especially ( ! ,human ,intellect1 x foll[s t ! ,human ,intellect does n dom9ate ! ,div9e1 b is dom9at$ by x 9 proportion to ! sup]ior p[] ( ! ,div9e4 ,h5ce1 if we1 by ! reason above /at$1 & by _m o!rs1 und]/& ,god to h be5 able to create ,spiritual ,creatures almo/ innum]able1 x is q evid5t t ,he has made !m 9 ?is great numb]4 ,_m o!r reasons x 7 possible to see3 b let ^! suffice = ! pres5t4 ,nor let any "o m>vel if ^! & o!r reasons :i* we c\ld adduce conc]n+ ?is are n fully demon/rat$2 s9ce likewise we ought to wond] at _! excell5ce1 :i* ov]p[]s ! eyes ( ! ,human ,m9d1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second book ( ! ,metaphysics1 & he affirms _! exi/5ce4 ,?\gh we h n any p]ception ( !m f :i* our k c beg91 yet "s light f _! mo/ vivaci\s ess5ce %9es ^u our intellect1 inasmu* z we p]ceive ! above-m5tion$ reasons & _m o!rs1 ev5 z he :o has ! eyes clos$ affirms ! air to be lum9\s1 because ( "s little brightness or ray ( light :i* passes ?r\gh ! pupils2 z x is ) ! bat1 = n o!rwise are ! eyes ( ! intellect clos$1 s long z ! s\l is b\nd & prison$ by ! organs ( our body4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,x has be5 said t1 ?r\gh defective in/ruction1 ! anci5ts saw n ! ,tru? conc]n+ ! ,spiritual ,creatures1 al?\gh ! p ( ,israel 7 9 "p in/ruct$ by _! ,prophets1 ?r\gh :om by _m modes ( spee* & 9 _m ways ,god _h spok5 to !m1 z ! ,apo/le says4 ,b we are !re9 in/ruct$ by ,him :o came f ,god1 by ,him :o made !m1 by ,him :o pres]ves !m1 t is1 by ! ,emp]or ( ! ,univ]se1 :o is ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ! ,supreme ,god1 & ! ,son ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 a woman truly1 & ! daught] ( ,joseph & ,anna--v ,man1 :o 0 sla9 by u 9 ord] t ,he might br+ u ,life2 :o 0 ! ,light :i* enlight5s u 9 ! ,d>kness1 ev5 z ,john ! ,evangeli/ says2 & ,he told u ! ,tru? ( ^? ?+s :i* we c\ld n h kn[n )\t ,him1 nor se5 truly4 ,! fir/ ?+ & ! fir/ secret :i* ,he %[$ u 0 "o ( ! be=e-m5tion$ ,be+s or creatures4 ,?is 0 t "o1 ,8 great ,legate1 ! ,angel ,gabriel1 :o came to ,m>y1 a "y damsel ( ?irte5 ye>s1 on ! "p ( ! ,heav5ly ,savi\r4 ,?is our ,savi\r1 ) ,8 own m\?1 said1 t ! ,fa!r c\ld give ,him _m ,legions ( ,angels4 ,?is ,he d5i$ n1 :5 x 0 said to ,him t ! ,fa!r _h comm&$ ,8 ,angels t !y %\ld m9i/] unto ,him & %\ld s]ve ,him4 ,:]e=e1 x is evid5t to u t ^! creatures are 9 a v great numb]2 s9ce ,8 ,sp\se & ,secret>y1 ,holy ,*ur*1 ( :om ,solomon says3 ,:o is ?is t come? =? f ! ,des]t1 full ( ^? ?+s :i* give delight1 lean+ ^u h] fri5d8 says1 believes1 & prea*es ^! mo/ noble creatures to be almo/ innum]able2 & ,%e divides !m into ?ree ,hi]>*ies1 t is to say1 ?ree holy1 or r ,div9e1 ,pr9cipalities3 & ea* ,hi]>*y has ?ree ord]s1 s t n9e ord]s ( spiritual creatures ! ,*ur* holds & affirms4 ,! fir/ is t ( ! ,angels1 ! second ( ! ,ar*angels1 ! ?ird ( ! ,?rones2 & ^! ?ree ord]s make ! fir/ ,hi]>*y--n fir/ z to nobility1 nor z to creation1 = ! o!rs are m noble1 & all 7 creat$ toge!r1 b fir/ 9 degree1 accord+ to our p]ception ( _! exaltation4 ,!n !re are ! ,dom9ations2 aft] !m ! ,virtues2 !n ! ,pr9cipalities2 & ^! make ! second ,hi]>*y4 ,above ^! are ! ,p[]s & ! ,*]ubim1 & above all are ! ,s]aphim2 & ^! make ! ?ird ,hi]>*y4 ,& ! mo/ pot5t reason = _! contemplation is ! numb] 9 :i* ! ,hi]>*ies are1 & t 9 :i* ! ord]s are4 ,=1 s9ce ! ,div9e ,maje/y is 9 ,?ree ,p]sons1 :i* h "o sub/ance1 x is possible to contemplate !m triply4 ,= x is possible to contemplate ! ,supreme ,p[] ( ! ,fa!r1 :i* ! fir/ ,hi]>*y gazes ^u1 namely1 t :i* is fir/ by nobility1 & :i* we enum]ate la/4 ,& x is possible to contemplate ! ,supreme ,wisdom ( ! ,son2 & ^u ?is ! second ,hi]>*y gazes4 ,& x is possible to contemplate ! ,supreme & mo/ f]v5t ,*>ity ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & ^u ?is ! ?ird ,hi]>*y gazes1 :i*1 be+ ne>e/ to u1 gives ( ! gifts :i* x receives4 ,&1 s9ce x is possible to reg>d ea* p]son 9 ! ,div9e ,tr9ity triply1 s 9 ea* ,hi]>*y !re are ?ree ord]s :i* contemplate div]sely4 ,x is possible to consid] ! ,fa!r hav+ reg>d to none b ,him2 & ?is is ! contemplation ( ! ,s]aphim1 :o see m ( ! ,fir/ ,cause ?an any o!r ,angelic ,nature4 ,x is possible to consid] ! ,fa!r accord+ z ,he has relation to ! ,son1 t is1 h[ ,he is ap>t f ,him1 & h[ unit$ ) ,him2 & ?is is ! contemplation ( ! ,*]ubim4 ,x is possible aga9 to consid] ! ,fa!r accord+ z f ,him proce$s ! ,holy ,_s1 & h[ x is ap>t f ,him & h[ unit$ ) ,him2 & ?is is ! contemplation ( ! ,p[]s4 ,& 9 l way x is possible to contemplate ! ,son & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,:]e=e1 !re mu/ be n9e ord]s ( contemplative ,spirits to gaze into ! ,light1 :i* alone beholds itself completely4 ,& ?is is n ! place to be sil5t s mu* z "o ^w4 ,i say1 t ( all ^! ord]s "s 7 lo/ z soon z !y 7 creat$1 p]haps 9 numb] ( ! t5? "p1 to re/ore :i* ,human ,nature 0 creat$4 ,! numb]s1 ! ord]s1 ! ,hi]>*ies1 decl>e ! glory ( ! movable ,heav5s1 :i* are n9e2 & ! t5? ann\nces ?is ,unity & /ability ( ,god4 ,& !re=e ! ,psalmi/ says3 ,! ,heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 & ! ,firmam5t %[e? ,8 h&iwork4 ,:]e=e x is reasonable to believe t ! mov]s ( ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon are ( ! ord] ( ! ,angels1 & ^? ( ,m]cury may be ! ,ar*angels1 & ^? ( ,v5us may be ! ,?rones1 9 :om ! ,love ( ! ,holy ,_s be+ innate1 !y d _! "w con=mably to x1 :i* means t ! revolution ( t ,heav5 is full ( ,love4 ,! =m ( ! said ,heav5 takes f ?is a virtue by ^: gl[ s\ls "h bel[ are k9dl$ to love accord+ to _! disposition4 ,& because ! anci5ts p]ceiv$ t ,heav5 to be "h bel[ ! cause ( ,love1 !y said t ,love 0 ! son ( ,v5us1 z ,virgil te/ifies 9 ! fir/ book ( ! neid1 :]e ,v5us says to ,love3 ,oh6 son1 my virtue1 son ( ! great ,fa!r1 :o take/ no he$ ( ! d>ts ( ,typhoeus4 ,& ,ovid s te/ifies 9 ! fif? book ( 8 ,metamorphoses1 :5 he says t ,v5us said to ,love3 ,son1 my arms1 my p[]4 ,& !re are ,?rones :i* are ord]$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ?is ,heav5 9 numb] n great1 conc]n+ :i* ! ,philosoph]s & ! ,a/rolog]s h ?\ght diff]5tly1 accord+ z !y held diff]5t op9ions conc]n+ its revolutions4 ,b all may be agre$1 z _m are1 9 ?is1 z to h[ _m movem5ts x makes4 ,( ?is1 z abbreviat$ 9 ! book ( ! ,aggregation ( ! ,/>s1 y may f9d 9 ! bett] demon/ration ( ! ,a/rolog]s t !re are ?ree3 "o1 accord+ z ! /> moves t[>ds its ,epicycle2 ! o!r1 accord+ z ! ,epicycle moves ) its :ole ,heav5 equally ) t ( ! ,sun2 ! ?ird1 accord+ z ! :ole ( t ,heav5 moves1 foll[+ ! movem5t ( ! />ry sph]e f ,we/ to ,ea/ 9 "o hundr$ ye>s "o degree4 ,s t to ^! ,?ree ,movem5ts !re are ,?ree ,mov]s4 ,aga91 if ! :ole ( ?is ,heav5 moves & turns ) ! ,epicycle f ,ea/ to ,we/ once 9 ea* natural day1 t movem5t1 :e!r x be caus$ by "s ,intellig5ce or :e!r x be ?r\gh ! rapid movem5t ( ! ,primum ,mobile1 ,god kn[s1 = to me x seems presumptu\s to judge4 ,^! ,mov]s produce1 c>+ = t alone1 ! revolution prop] to t sph]e :i* ea* "o moves4 ,! mo/ noble =m ( ! ,heav51 :i* has 9 itself ! pr9ciple ( ?is passive ,nature1 revolves1 t\*$ by ! ,mov+ ,p[]1 :i* c>es = ?is2 & ,i say t\*$1 n by a bodily t\*1 b by a ,p[] :i* directs itself to t op]ation4 ,& ^! ,mov]s are ^? to :om ,i beg9 to speak & to :om ,i put my inquiry4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,accord+ to t :i* is said above 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is treatise1 9 ord] to und]/& well ! fir/ "p ( ! ,song ,i comm5t on1 x is requisite to disc\rse ( ^? ,heav5s1 & ( _! ,mov]s2 & 9 ! ?ree prec$+ *apt]s ?is has be5 discuss$4 ,i say1 !n1 to ^? :om ,i prov$ to be ,mov]s ( ! ,heav5 ( ,v5us3 ,ye :o1 ) ?\ght int5t 7i4e41 ) ! intellect alone1 z is said above71 ! ?ird ,heav5 move1 ,he> reason+ t is )9 my he>t2 & ,i d n say ,he> because !y he> any s\nd1 = !y h no s5se ( he>+2 b ,i say ,he>1 mean+ ) t he>+ :i* !y h1 :i* is ( ! und]/&+ ?r\gh ! intellect4 ,i say1 ,he> reason+ t is )9 my he>t1 )9 me1 :i* z yet has n appe>$ ext]nally4 ,x is to be kn[n t ?r\gh\t ?is ,song1 accord+ to ! "o s5se 7! ,lit]al71 & ! o!r s5se 7! ,allegorical71 ! ,he>t is conc]n$ ) ! secret )91 & n any o!r special "p ( ! s\l or body4 ,:5 ,i h call$ !m to he> t :i* ,i wi% to say1 ,i assign two reasons :y ,i ought fitly to speak to !m4 ,"o is ! novelty ( my condition1 :i*1 f n hav+ be5 exp]i5c$ by o!r m51 w\ld n be s und]/ood by !m z by ^? :o sup]9t5d su* effects 9 _! op]ation4 ,& ?is reason ,i t\* ^u :5 ,i say3 ,to y alone its new ?\ghts ,i imp>t4 ,! o!r reason is3 :5 a man receives a b5efit or injury1 he ought fir/ to relate x to him :o be/[s or inflicts x1 if he c1 r ?an to o!rs2 9 ord] t1 if x be a b5efit1 he :o receives x may %[ himself grateful t[>ds ! b5efactor1 &1 if x be an injury1 let him lead ! do] !re( to g5tle m]cy ) sweet words4 ,& ?is reason ,i t\* ^u :5 ,i say3 ,heav51 t is mov$ by y1 my life has br\ght ,to :]e x /&s2 t is to say1 y\r op]ation1 namely1 y\r revolution1 is t :i* has drawn me into ! pres5t condition2 !re=e ,i conclude & say t my spee* ought to be to !m1 su* z is said2 & ,i say "h3 ,!re=e to y 'tis ne$ ,t ,i %\ld speak ab\t ! life ,i lead4 ,& aft] ^! reasons assign$1 ,i besee* !m to li/5 :5 ,i speak4 ,b1 because 9 ea* mann] ( spee* ! speak] especially ought to look to p]suasion1 t is1 to ! pleas+ ( ! audi5ce1 z t :i* is ! beg9n+ ( all o!r p]suasions1 z d ! ,rhetoricians1 & ! mo/ p[]ful p]suasion to r5d] ! audi5ce att5tive is to promise to say new & wond]ful ?+s1 ,i add to ! pray] made = att5tion1 ?is p]suasion1 or embelli%m5t1 ann\nc+ to !m my int5tion to speak ( new ?+s1 t is1 ! division :i* is 9 my m9d2 & great ?+s1 namely1 ! p[] ( _! />2 & ,i say ?is 9 ^? la/ words ( ?is fir/ "p3 ,to y ,i'll tell ! he>t's new c>es3 always ,! sad ,s\l weeps )9 x1 & !re he>s ,voice ( a ,_s t condemns h] te>s1 ,a ,_s t desc5ds ?r\gh y\r />'s rays4 ,& to ! full und]/&+ ( ^! words1 ,i say t ?is ,_s is no o!r ?an a frequ5t ?\ght h[ to comm5d & beautify ?is new ,lady4 ,& ?is ,s\l is no o!r ?an ano!r ?\ght1 accompani$ ) acquiesc5ce1 :i*1 repudiat+ t ,_s1 comm5ds & beautifies ! memory ( t glori\s ,beatrice4 ,b1 aga91 because ! la/ s5tim5t ( ! m9d1 acquiesc5ce1 is held by t ?\ght :i* memory assi/$1 ,i call x ! ,s\l1 & ! o!r ! ,_s2 z we are accu/om$ to call ! ,city ^? :o hold x1 & n ^? :o fight x1 al?\gh ! "o & ! o!r may be citiz5s4 ,i say also1 t ?is ,_s comes on ! rays ( ! />1 because "o desires to "k t ! rays ( ea* ,heav5 are ! way by :i* _! virtue desc5ds into ?+s "h bel[4 ,& s9ce ! rays are no o!r ?an a light :i* comes f ! s\rce ( ,light ?r\gh ! air ev5 to ! ?+ illum9at$1 & ! light has no s\rce except ! />1 because ! o!r ,heav5 is transp>5t1 ,i say n t ?is ,_s1 ?is ?\ght1 comes f _! ,heav5 entirely1 b f _! />4 ,& _! />1 ?r\gh ! nobility ( its ,mov]s1 is ( su* virtue t 9 our s\ls1 & 9 o!r ?+s1 x has v great p[]1 not)/&+ t x is s f> f u1 ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty-sev5 times f>!r ?an x is to ! c5tre ( ! ,e>?1 :i* is ?ree ?\s& two hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,& ?is is ! ,lit]al exposition ( ! fir/ "p ( ! ,song4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,:at ,i h said %[s cle>ly en\gh ! ,lit]al mean+ ( ! fir/ "p4 ,9 ! second1 !re is to be und]/ood h[ x makes manife/ :at ,i exp]i5c$ f ! /ruggle )9 me2 & ?is "p has two divisions4 ,9 ! fir/ place x describes ! quality ( ^! oppositions1 accord+ z _! cause 0 )9 me4 ,!n ,i n>rate :at ! "o & ! o!r voice ( opposition said2 & ^u t fir/ly :i* describ$ :at 0 be+ lo/1 9 ! passage :i* is ! second ( t "p & ! ?ird ( ! ,song4 ,9 evid5ce1 !n1 ( ! mean+ ( ! fir/ division1 x is to be kn[n t ?+s mu/ be nam$ by t "p ( _! =m :i* is ! noble/ & be/1 z ,man by ,reason1 & n by ,s5se1 nor by aught else :i* is less noble2 !re=e1 :5 "o speaks ( ! liv+ man1 "o %\ld und]/& ! man us+ ,reason1 :i* is 8 especial ,life1 & is ! action ( 8 noble/ "p4 ,&1 !re=e1 :oso dep>ts f ,reason & uses only ! ,s5ses is n a liv+ man1 b a liv+ bea/1 z says t mo/ excell5t ,boe?ius1 ,let ! ,ass live4 ,rightly ,i speak1 because ?\ght is ! "r act ( reason1 :]e=e ! bea/s :o h x n d n ?9k2 & ,i speak n only ( ! less] bea/s1 b ( ^? :o h a human appe>ance ) ! _s ( a %eep or ( "s o!r abom9able bea/4 ,i say !n3 ,?\ght t once f$ my griev+ he>t--?\ght1 t is1 ( ! inn] life--0 sweet 7sweet1 insomu* z x is p]suasive1 t is1 pleas+1 or beautiful1 g5tle1 delightful72 ?is ?\ght (t5 sp$ away to ! feet ( ! ,fa!r ( ^? ,spirits to :om ,i speak1 t is1 ,god2 t is to say1 t ,i 9 ?\ght contemplat$ ! realm ( ! ,bless$4 ,?\ght t once fl$ up to ! ,fa!r's feet4 ,& ,i "n ! f9al cause imm$iately1 because ,i asc5d$ !re above 9 ?\ght :5 ,i say1 ,!re ,i beheld a ,lady glorifi$1 to let y und]/& t ,i 0 c]ta91 & am c]ta9 by its graci\s revelation1 t %e 0 9 ,heav52 :]e=e ,i1 ?9k+ _m times h[ ?is 0 possible = me1 w5t ?i!r1 rapt1 z x 74 ,!n subsequ5tly ,i speak ( ! effect ( ?is ?\ght1 9 ord] to let y und]/& its sweetness1 :i* 0 su* t x made me desir\s ( ,dea?1 t ,i also might g :]e %e 0 gone4 ,& ( ?is ,i speak !re3 ,( :om s sweetly x disc\rs$ to me ,t ! ,s\l said1 ',) h] w\ld ,i might be6' ,& ?is is ! root ( "o ( ! /ruggles :i* 0 9 me4 ,& x is to be kn[n t "h "o t]ms ,?\ght1 & n ,s\l1 t :i* asc5d$ to see t ,bless$ ,_s1 because x 0 an especial ?\ght s5t on t mission2 ! ,s\l is und]/ood1 z is /at$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 z ?\ght 9 g5]al1 ) acquiesc5ce4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,n[ ,"o appe>s t drives ! ?\ght aside1 ,i t\* ! root ( ! o!r /ruggle1 say+ h[ t previ\s ?\ght 0 wont to be ! life ( me1 ev5 z ano!r appe>s1 :i* makes t "o cease to be4 ,i say1 drives ! ?\ght aside1 9 ord] to %[ t "o to be antagoni/ic1 = naturally ! oppos+ "o drives aside ! o!r1 & t :i* is driv5 appe>s to yield ?r\gh want ( p[]4 ,& ,i say t ?is ?\ght1 :i* newly appe>s1 is p[]ful 9 tak+ hold ( me & 9 subdu+ my ,s\l1 say+ t x ma/]s me ) su* effectual might t ! he>t1 t is1 my inn] life1 trembles s mu* t my c\nt5ance %[s x 9 "s new appe>ance4 ,subsequ5tly ,i %[ ! p[] ( ?is new ?\ght by its effect1 say+ t x makes me fix my reg>d on a ,lady1 & speaks to me words ( allurem5t1 t is to say1 x reasons be=e ! eyes ( my intellig5t affection1 9 ord] ! bett] to induce me1 promis+ me t ! sight ( h] eyes is its salvation4 ,& 9 ord] to make ?is cr$ible to ! ,s\l exp]i5c$ 9 love1 x says t x is = no "o to gaze into ! eyes ( ?is woman :o fe>s ! angui% ( lab\r$ sighs4 ,& x is a beautiful mode ( rhetoric :5 ext]nally x appe>s t y disembelli% a ?+1 & yet really embelli% x )94 ,?is new ?\ght ( love c\ld n induce my m9d to cons5t1 except by disc\rs+ ( ! virtue ( ! eyes ( ?is fair ,lady s pr(\ndly4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,n[ t x is %[n h[ & :]e( ,love is born1 & ! antagoni/ t f\ght ) me1 ,i mu/ proce$ to op5 ! mean+ ( t "p 9 :i* diff]5t ?\ghts cont5d )9 me4 ,i say t1 fir/ly1 "o mu/ speak on ! "p ( ! ,s\l1 t is1 ( ! =m] ?\ght1 & !n ( ! o!r2 = ?is reason1 t always t :i* ! speak] int5ds mo/ especially to say he ought to res]ve 9 ! backgr\nd1 because t :i* is said f9ally1 rema9s mo/ 9 ! m9d ( ! he>]4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ,i mean to speak fur!r1 & to disc\rse ( t :i* p]=ms ! "w ( ^? to :om ,i speak1 r ?an ( t :i* undoes ?is "w1 x 0 reasonable fir/ to m5tion & to disc\rse ( ! condition ( ! "p :i* 0 undone1 & !n ( t :i* 0 g5]at$ by ! o!r4 ,b "h arises a d\bt1 :i* is n to be pass$ ov] )\t explanation4 ,x w\ld be possible = any "o to say3 ,s9ce ,love is ! effect ( ^! ,intellig5ces1 to :om ,i speak1 & t ( ! fir/ ,love might be ! same z t ( ! new ,love1 :y %\ld _! virtue de/roy ! "o1 & produce ! o!r8 s9ce x ought to pres]ve ! fir/1 = ! reason t ea* cause loves its effect1 & ought to protect :at x loves4 ,to ?is "q "o c easily reply1 t ! effect ( ^? ,spirits1 z has be5 said1 is ,love3 & s9ce !y c\ld n save x except 9 ^? :o are subject to _! revolution1 !y transf] x f t "p :i* is beyond _! p[] to t :i* is )9 rea*1 f ! s\l dep>t$ out ( ?is life1 into t :i* is yet liv+2 z human nature transf]s 9 ! human =m its pres]vation ( ! fa!r to ! son1 because x _c 9 ?is fa!r pres]ve p]petually its effect3 ,i say effect 9 z f> z s\l & body are unit$1 & n effect 9 z f> z t s\l1 :i* is divid$ f ! body1 la/s = ev]1 9 a nature m ?an human4 ,& ?us is ! "q solv$4 ,b s9ce ! immortality ( ! ,s\l is "h t\*$ ^u1 ,i w make a digression ^u t2 because to disc\rse ( t w make a fit conclusion to ! m5tion ,i h made ( t liv+ & bless$ ,beatrice1 ( :om ,i d n int5d to speak fur!r 9 ?is book4 ,= proposition ,i say t1 among/ all ! be/ialities1 t is ! mo/ fooli%1 ! mo/ vile1 & mo/ damnable :i* believes no o!r life to be aft] ?is life2 :]e=e1 if we turn ov] all books1 :e!r ( philosoph]s or ( ! o!r wise writ]s1 all agree 9 ?is1 t 9 u !re is "s ev]la/+ pr9ciple4 ,& ?is especially ,ari/otle seems to desire 9 t book on ! ,s\l2 ?is especially ea* /oic seems to desire2 ?is ,tullius seems to desire1 especially 9 t book on ,old ,age4 ,?is ea* ( ! ,poets :o h spok5 accord+ to ! fai? ( ! ,g5tiles seems to desire2 ?is ! law seems to desire1 among ,jews1 ,s>ac5s1 & ,t>t>s1 & all o!r p :o live accord+ to "s civil law4 ,& if all ^! c\ld be deceiv$1 !re w\ld result an impossibility :i* ev5 to describe w\ld be horrible4 ,ea* man is c]ta9 t human nature is ! mo/ p]fect ( all natures "h bel[4 ,?is no "o d5ies3 & ,ari/otle affirms x :5 he says1 9 ! twelf? book ,on ,animals1 t man is ! mo/ p]fect ( all ! animals4 ,!re=e1 s9ce _m :o live are entirely mortal1 z are ! brute animals1 & all may be1 :il/ !y live1 )\t t hope ( ! o!r life2 if our hope %\ld be 9 va91 our want w\ld be great] ?an t ( any o!r animal4 ,!re h be5 _m :o h giv5 ?is life = t3 & ?us x w\ld foll[ t ! mo/ p]fect animal1 man1 w\ld be ! mo/ imp]fect1 :i* is impossible2 & t t "p1 namely1 reason1 :i* is 8 *ief p]fection1 w\ld be 9 him ! cause ( ! *ief defect3 :i* seems /range to say ( ! :ole4 ,& aga9 x w\ld foll[ t ,nature1 9 contradiction to h]self1 c\ld h put ?is hope 9 ! human m9d2 s9ce x is said t _m h ha/5$ to dea? ( ! body t !y might live 9 ! o!r life2 & ?is also is impossible4 ,aga91 we h cont9ual exp]i5ce ( our immortality 9 ! div9ation ( our dreams1 :i* c\ld n be if !re 7 no immortal "p 9 u1 s9ce immortal mu/ be ! revelation4 ,?is "p may be ei!r corporeal or incorporeal if "o ?9k well & closely4 ,i say corporeal or incorporeal1 because ( ! diff]5t op9ions :i* ,i f9d conc]n+ ?is4 ,t :i* is mov$1 or r in=m$1 by an imm$iate in=m]1 ought to h proportion to ! in=m]2 & betwe5 ! mortal & ! immortal !re is no proportion4 ,aga91 we are assur$ ( x by ! mo/ tru?ful doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 :i* is ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,light3 ! ,way1 because by x )\t imp$im5t we g to ! happ9ess ( t immortality2 ! ,tru?1 because x endures no error2 ! ,light1 because x enlight5s u 9 ! d>kness ( worldly ignorance4 ,?is doctr9e1 ,i say1 :i* above all o!r reasons makes u c]ta9 ( x2 = x has be5 giv5 to u by ,him :o sees & measures our immortality1 :i* we _c p]fectly see :il/ our immortal is m+l$ ) ! mortal4 ,b we see x by fai? p]fectly2 & by reason we see x ) ! cl\d ( obscurity :i* gr[s f ! mixture ( ! mortal ) ! immortal4 ,?is ought to be ! mo/ p[]ful argum5t t bo? are 9 u3 & ,i ?us believe1 ?us affirm2 & ,i am equally c]ta91 aft] ?is life1 to pass to t o!r & bett] life--!re :]e t glori\s ,lady lives1 ) :om my s\l 0 enam\r$ :5 x 0 /ruggl+1 z w be set =? 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,return+ to ! proposition1 ,i say t 9 t v]se :i* beg9s ,a foe s /rong ,i f9d him t he de/roys1 ,i int5d to make manife/ t :i* 0 disc\rs+ 9 my ,s\l1 ! anci5t ?\ght aga9/ ! new2 & fir/ briefly ,i %[ ! cause ( its lam5tation1 :5 ,i say3 ,?is opposite n[ breaks ! humble dream ,( ! cr[n$ angel 9 ! glory-beam4 ,?is "o is t especial ?\ght ( :i* x is said above t x 0 wont to be ! life ( ! sorr[+ he>t4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,/ill1 !re=e1 my ,s\l weeps1 x is evid5t t my ,s\l is /ill on its side1 & speaks ) sadness2 & ,i say t x speaks words ( lam5tation1 z if x might wond] at ! sudd5 trans=mation1 say+3 ',! t5d] />1' ,x says1 't once 0 my consol]1 flies4' ,x c well say consol]1 = 9 ! great loss :i* ,i su/a9$ 9 ! dea? ( ,beatrice ?is ?\ght1 :i* asc5d$ into ,heav51 _h giv5 to my ,s\l mu* consolation4 ,!n aft]w>ds ,i say1 t all my ?\ght1 my ,s\l1 ( :i* ,i say1 ,t tr\bl$ "o1 turns 9 excuse ( itself1 & speaks aga9/ ! eyes2 & ?is is made evid5t !re3 ,t tr\bl$ "o ask$1 ',:5 into ?9e eyes ,look$ %e8' ,& ,i say t %e speaks ( !m & aga9/ !m ?ree ?+s3 ! fir/ is1 %e blasphemes ! h\r :5 ?is woman saw !m4 ,& "h y mu/ "k1 t al?\gh _m ?+s 9 "o h\r c come into ! eyes1 truly t :i* comes by a /raight l9e into ! po9t ( ! pupil1 t truly "o sees1 & t only is seal$ 9 ! imag9ative "p4 ,& ?is is1 because ! n]ve by :i* ! visible _s runs is direct$ to t "p1 & !reupon truly "o eye _c look on ! eye ( ano!r s t x is n se5 by x2 = z t :i* looks receives ! =m ( ! pupil by a "r l9e1 s by t same l9e its =m passes into t eye :i* gazes4 ,& _m times 9 ! direction ( t l9e a %aft flies f ! b[ ( ,love1 ) :om ea* weapon is light4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,i ask1 ,:5 fir/ into m9e eyes look$ %e8 x is z mu* z to ask1 ,:5 did h] eyes & m9e look into ea* o!r8 ,! second po9t is 9 t :i* reproves _! disob$i5ce1 :5 x says1 ,( h]1 :y d\bt$ !y my words8 ,!n x proce$s to ! ?ird ?+ & says t x is n "r to reprove !m = precaution1 b = _! disob$i5ce2 = x says t1 sometimes1 :5 speak+ ( ?is woman1 x might be said1 ,h] eyes be> dea? to su* z ,i1 if %e c\ld h op5$ ! way ( approa*4 ,& inde$ "o ought to believe t my ,s\l knew ( its own incl9ation ready to receive ! op]ation ( ?is p[]1 & !re=e dread$ x2 = ! act ( ! ag5t takes full effect 9 ! pati5t :o has ! incl9ation to receive x1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second book on ! ,s\l4 ,&1 !re=e1 if wax c\ld h ! _s ( fe>1 x w\ld fe> mo/ to come into ! rays ( ! ,sun1 :i* w\ld n turn x into /one1 s9ce its disposition is to yield to t /rong op]ation4 ,la/ly1 ! ,s\l reveals 9 its spee* t _! presumption _h be5 dang]\s :5 x says1 ,yet va9ly w>n$1 ,i gaz$ on h] & die4 ,& ?us x closes its spee*1 to :i* ! new ?\ght replies1 z w be decl>$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! mean+ ( t "p 9 :i* ! ,s\l speaks1 t is1 ! old ?\ght :i* is undone1 has be5 %[n4 ,n[1 9 due ord]1 ! mean+ mu/ be %[n ( ! "p 9 :i* ! new antagoni/ic ?\ght speaks2 & ?is "p is conta9$ entirely 9 ! v]se or /anza :i* beg9s1 ,?\ art n dead1 :i* "p1 9 ord] to und]/& x well1 ,i w divide into two2 t 9 ! fir/ "p1 :i* beg9s ,?\ art n dead1 x !n says1 cont9u+ its la/ words1 ,x is n true t ?\ art dead2 b ! cause :]e=e ?\ to ?yself seeme/ to be dead is a deadly dismay into :i* ?\ art vilely fall5 because ( ?is woman :o has appe>$ to !e4 ,& "h x is to be obs]v$ t1 z ,boe?ius says 9 8 ,consolation1 ea* sudd5 *ange ( ?+s does n happ5 )\t "s flurry ( m9d4 ,& ?is is express$ 9 ! repro( ( t ?\ght :i* is call$ ! _s voice ( t5d]ness1 :5 x gave me to und]/& t my cons5t 0 incl9+ t[>ds x2 & ?us1 "o c easily compreh5d ?is1 & recognize its victory1 :5 x already says1 ,de> ,s\l ( ours1 !re9 mak+ itself famili>4 ,!n1 z is /at$1 x comm&s :]e x ought to rebuke t ,s\l1 9 ord] to induce x to come to h]2 & !re=e x says to h]3 ,see1 %e is l[ly1 ,pitiful1 c\rte\s1 ?\gh s wise & holy4 ,^! are two ?+s :i* are a fit rem$y = ! fe> ) :i* ! ,s\l appe>$ impassion$2 =1 firmly unit$1 !y cause ! individual to hope well1 & especially ,pity1 :i* causes all o!r goodness to %9e =? by its light4 ,:]e=e ,virgil1 speak+ ( neas1 9 8 great] praise calls him compassionate1 pitiful2 & t is n pity su* z ! common p und]/& x1 :i* is to lam5t ov] ! mis=tunes ( o!rs2 nay1 ?is is an especial effect :i* is call$ ,m]cy1 ,pity1 ,compassion2 & x is a passion4 ,b compassion is n a passion2 r a noble disposition ( m9d1 prep>$ to receive ,love1 ,m]cy1 & o!r *>itable passions4 ,!n x says3 ,see also h[ c\rte\s1 ?\gh s wise & holy4 ,"h x says ?ree ?+s :i*1 accord+ z !y c be acquir$ by u1 make ! p]son especially pleas+4 ,x says ,wise4 ,n[1 :at is m beautiful 9 a woman ?an k8 ,x says ,c\rte\s4 ,no?+ 9 a woman c be m excell5t ?an c\rtesy4 ,& nei!r are ! wret*$ common p deceiv$ ev5 9 ?is ^w1 = !y believe t c\rtesy is no o!r ?an lib]ality2 = lib]ality is an especial1 & n a g5]al c\rtesy4 ,c\rtesy is all "o ) hone/y1 mode/y1 dec5cy2 & because ! virtues & good mann]s 7 ! cu/om 9 ,c\rts anci5tly1 z n[ ! opposite is ! cu/om1 ?is ^w 0 tak5 f ! ,c\rts2 :i* ^w1 if x %\ld n[ be tak5 f ! ,c\rts1 especially ( ,italy1 w\ld & c\ld express no o!r ?an bas5ess4 ,x says ,holy4 ,! greatness :i* is "h meant is especially well accompani$ ) ! two a=e-m5tion$ virtues2 because x is t light :i* reveals ! good & ! evil ( ! p]son cle>ly4 ,& h[ mu* k & h[ mu* virtu\s cu/om does !re n seem to be want+ by ?is light6 ,h[ mu* madness & h[ mu* vice are se5 to be by ?is light6 ,bett] w\ld x be = ! wret*$ madm5 high 9 /ation1 /upid & vici\s1 to be ( l[ e/ate1 t nei!r 9 ! _w nor aft] ?is life !y %\ld be s infam\s4 ,truly = su* ,solomon says 9 ,ecclesia/es3 ,!re is a sore evil t ,i h se5 "u ! ,sun2 namely1 ri*es kept = ! own]s !re( to _! hurt4 ,!n subsequ5tly x lays a comm& on x1 t is1 on my ,s\l1 t x %\ld n[ call ?is "o its ,lady3 ,?9k ?\ to call h] ,mi/ress ev]more1 promis+ my ,s\l t x w be q cont5t ) h] :5 x %all h cle> p]ception ( all h] wond]ful accompli%m5ts2 & !n ?is "o says3 ,save ?\ delude ?yself1 !n %all !re %9e ,high miracles be=e !e2 nei!r does x speak o!rwise ev5 to ! end ( t /anza4 ,& "h ends ! ,lit]al mean+ ( all t :i* ,i say 9 ?is ,song1 speak+ to ^! ,cele/ial ,intellig5ces4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,f9ally1 accord+ to t :i* ! lett] ( ?is ,comm5t>y said above1 :5 ,i divid$ ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ?is ,song1 ,i turn back ) ! face ( my disc\rse to ! same ,song1 & ,i speak to t4 ,& 9 ord] t ?is "p may be und]/ood m fully1 ,i say t g5]ally 9 ea* ,song !re is :at is call$ a ,tornata1 because ! ,recit]s1 :o orig9ally 7 accu/om$ to compose x1 s contriv$ t :5 ! song 0 sung1 ) a c]ta9 "p ( ! song !y c\ld return to x4 ,b ,i h r>ely done x ) t int5tion2 &1 9 ord] t o!rs may p]ceive1 ?is ,i h seldom plac$ x ) ! sequ5ce ( ! ,song1 s long z x is 9 ! rhy?m :i* is necess>y to ! measure4 ,b ,i h us$ x :5 x 0 requisite to express some?+ indep5d5t ( ! mean+ ( ! ,song1 & :i* 0 ne$ful = its embelli%m5t1 z x w be possible to p]ceive 9 ?is & 9 ! o!r ,songs4 ,&1 !re=e1 ,i say at pres5t1 t ! goodness & ! beauty ( ea* disc\rse are p>t$ & divid$2 = ! goodness is 9 ! mean+1 & ! beauty 9 ! ornam5t ( ! words4 ,& ! "o & ! o!r are ) delight1 al?\gh ! goodness is especially delightful4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ! goodness ( ?is ,song might be difficult to p]ceive1 because ( ! v>i\s p]sons :o are l$ to speak 9 x1 :]e s _m di/9ctions are requir$2 & ! beauty w\ld be easy to see1 x seem$ to me1 ( ! nature ( ! ,song t by "s m5 m att5tion might be paid to ! beauty ( ! words ?an to ! goodness ( matt]4 ,& ?is is :at ,i say 9 t "p4 ,b1 because x (t5 happ5s t to admoni% seems presumptu\s 9 c]ta9 conditions1 x is usual = ! ,rhetorician to speak indirectly to o!rs1 direct+ 8 words1 n to him = :om he speaks1 b t[>ds ano!r4 ,& truly ?is me?od is ma9ta9$ "h2 = to ! ,song ! words g1 & to ! m5 ! mean+ ( !m4 ,i say !n3 ,my ,song1 ,i d believe !re w be few ,:o toil to und]/& ?y reason+4 ,& ,i /ate ! cause1 :i* is d\ble4 ,fir/1 because ?\ speake/ ) fatigue--) fatigue1 ,i say1 = ! reason :i* is /at$2 & !n because ?\ speake/ ) difficulty--) difficulty1 ,i say1 z to ! novelty ( ! mean+4 ,n[ aft]w>ds ,i admoni% x1 & say3 ,b if ?\ pass p]*ance by ^? :o br+ ,no skill to give !e ! att5tion due1 ,!n pray ,i1 de> la/-born1 let !m rejoice ,at lea/ to f9d a music 9 my voice4 ,= 9 ?is ,i desire to say no o!r accord+ to :at is said above1 except ,oh1 m51 y :o _c see ! mean+ ( ?is ,song1 d n !re=e refuse x2 b pay att5tion to its beauty1 :i* is great1 bo? = con/ruction1 :i* belongs to ! ,gramm>ians2 & = ! ord] ( ! disc\rse1 :i* belongs to ! ,rhetoricians2 z well z = ! rhy?m ( its p>ts1 :i* belongs to ! ,musicians4 ,= :i* ?+s he :o looks well c see t !re may be beauty 9 x4 ,& ?is is ! entire ,lit]al mean+ ( ! fir/ ,song :i* is prep>$ = ! fir/ di% 9 my ,banquet4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,s9ce ! ,lit]al mean+ has be5 suffici5tly expla9$1 we mu/ n[ proce$ to ! ,allegorical & true exposition4 ,&1 !re=e1 beg9n+ aga9 f ! fir/ head1 ,i say t :5 ,i _h lo/ ! *ief delight ( my ,s\l 9 =m] "t1 ,i 0 left s /ung ) sadness t no consolation :atev] avail$ me4 ,nev]!less1 aft] "s "t1 my m9d1 reason+ ) itself to heal itself1 took he$1 s9ce nei!r my own nor t ( ano!r avail$ to com=t x1 to turn to ! me?od :i* a c]ta9 disconsolate "o _h adopt$ :5 he look$ = ,consolation4 ,& ,i set myself to read t book ( ,boe?ius1 n kn[n to _m1 9 :i*1 :5 a captive exile1 he _h consol$ himself4 ,&1 aga91 he>+ t ,tullius _h writt5 ano!r book1 9 :i*1 treat+ ( ,fri5d%ip1 he _h spok5 words = ! consolation ( ,llius1 a mo/ excell5t man1 on ! dea? ( 8 fri5d ,scipio1 ,i set myself to read x4 ,& al?\gh at fir/ x 0 difficult to me to ent] into _! mean+1 yet1 f9ally1 ,i ent]$ into x s mu* z ! k ( gramm> t ,i possess$1 toge!r ) "s slight p[] ( intellect1 enabl$ me to d3 by :i* p[] ( intellect ,i =m]ly beheld _m ?+s almo/ l a p]son 9 a dream1 z may be se5 9 ! ,vita ,nuova4 ,& z x is wont to be t a man goes seek+ = silv]1 & beyond 8 purpose he f9ds gold1 ^: hidd5 cause appe>s n p]haps )\t ! ,div9e ,w2 ,i1 :o s\ght to console myself1 f\nd n only a rem$y = my te>s1 b words ( au?ors & ( sci5ces & ( books2 reflect+ on :i* ,i judg$ well t ,philosophy1 :o 0 ! ,lady ( ^! au?ors1 ( ^! sci5ces1 & ( ^! books1 might be a supreme ?+4 ,& ,i imag9$ h] 9 ! =m ( a g5tle ,lady2 & ,i c\ld imag9e h] 9 no o!r attitude ?an a compassionate "o1 because if will+ly ! s5se ( ,tru? beheld h]1 h>dly c\ld x turn away f h]4 ,& ) ?is imag9ation ,i began to g :]e %e is demon/rat$ tru?fully1 t is1 to ! ,s*ools ( ! ,religi\s1 & to ! disputations ( ! ,philosoph]s2 s t 9 a %ort "t1 p]haps ( ?irty mon?s1 ,i began to feel h] sweetness s mu* t my love = h] *as$ away & de/roy$ all o!r ?\ght4 ,:]e=e ,i1 feel+ myself to rise f ! ?\ght ( ! fir/ ,love to ! virtue ( ?is new "o1 z if wond]+ at myself1 op5$ my m\? 9 ! spee* ( ! propos$ ,song1 %[+ my condition "u ! figure ( o!r ?+s3 = ( ! ,lady ) :om ,i 0 enam\r$1 no rhyme ( any ,v]nacul> 0 wor?y to speak op5ly1 nei!r 7 ! he>]s s well prep>$ t !y c\ld h easily und]/ood ! words )\t figure3 nei!r w\ld fai? h be5 giv5 by !m to ! true mean+1 z to ! figurative2 s9ce if ! tru? ( ! :ole 0 believ$1 t ,i 0 incl9$ to t love1 x w\ld n be believ$ ( ?is4 ,i !n beg9 to speak3 ,ye :o1 int5t ( ?\ght1 ! ?ird ,heav5 move4 ,& because1 z has be5 said1 ?is ,lady 0 ! daught] ( ,god1 ! ,que5 ( all1 ! mo/ noble & mo/ beautiful ,philosophy1 x rema9s to be se5 :o ^! ,mov]s 71 & :at ?is ?ird ,heav54 ,& fir/ly ( ! ?ird ,heav51 accord+ to ! ord] :i* has be5 gone ?r\gh4 ,& "h x is n ne$ful to proce$ to division1 & to explanation ( ! lett]1 =1 hav+ turn$ ! fictiti\s spee* away f t :i* x utt]s to t :i* x means1 by ! exposition j gone ?r\gh1 ?is mean+ is suffici5tly made evid5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,9 ord] to see :at is meant by ! ?ird ,heav51 "o has 9 ! fir/ place to p]ceive :at ,i desire to express by ?is ^w ,heav5 alone3 & !n "o w see h[ & :y ?is ?ird ,heav5 0 ne$ful to u4 ,i say t by ,heav5 ,i mean ,sci5ce1 & by ! ,heav5s ! ,sci5ces1 f ?ree resemblances :i* ! ,heav5s h ) ! ,sci5ces1 especially by ! ord] & numb] 9 :i* !y mu/ appe>2 z w be se5 by discuss+ t ^w ,?ird4 ,! fir/ similitude is ! revolution ( ! "o & ! o!r r\nd "o fix$ c5tre4 ,= ea* movable ,heav5 revolves r\nd its c5tre1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its movem5t1 moves n2 & ?us ea* ,sci5ce moves r\nd its subject1 :i* itself moves n2 = no ,sci5ce demon/rates its own f\ndation1 b presupposes t4 ,! second similitude is ! illum9ation ( ! "o & ! o!r4 ,= ea* ,heav5 illum9ates visible ?+s2 & ?us ea* ,sci5ce illum9ates ! ?+s intelligible4 ,& ! ?ird similitude is ! induc+ ( p]fection 9 ! ?+s s incl9$4 ,( :i* induction1 z to ! fir/ p]fection1 t is1 ( ! sub/antial g5]ation1 all ! philosoph]s agree t ! ,heav5s are ! cause1 al?\gh !y attribute ?is 9 diff]5t ways3 "s f ! ,mov]s1 z ,plato1 ,avic5na1 & ,algazel2 "s f ! />s !mselves1 especially ! human s\ls1 z ,socrates1 & also ,plato & ,dionysius ! ,academician2 & "s f cele/ial virtue :i* is 9 ! natural heat ( ! se$1 z ,ari/otle & ! o!r ,p]ipatetics4 ,?us ! ,sci5ces are ! cause 9 u ( ! induction ( ! second p]fection2 by ! use ( :i* we c speculate conc]n+ ! ,tru?1 :i* is our ultimate p]fection1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! six? book ( ! ,e?ics1 :5 he says t ,tru? is ! good ( ! intellect4 ,because ( ^! & _m o!r resemblances1 x is possible to call ,sci5ce1 ,heav54 ,n[ x rema9s to see :y x is call$ ! ?ird ,heav54 ,"h x is requisite to reflect some:at ) reg>d to a comp>ison :i* exi/s betwe5 ! ord] ( ! ,heav5s & t ( ! ,sci5ces ,:]e=e1 z has be5 previ\sly describ$1 ! ,sev5 ,heav5s next to u are ^? ( ! ,planets2 !n !re are two ,heav5s above ^!1 ! ,mobile1 & "o above all1 ,quiet4 ,to ! ,sev5 fir/ correspond ! ,sev5 ,sci5ces ( ! ,trivium & ( ! ,quadrivium1 namely1 ,gramm>1 ,logic1 ,rhetoric1 ,ari?metic1 ,music1 ,geometry1 & ,a/rology4 ,to ! eigh? ,sph]e1 i4e41 to ! />ry1 correspond ,natural ,sci5ce1 :i* is t]m$ ,physics1 & ! fir/ ,sci5ce1 :i* is t]m$ ,metaphysics4 ,to ! n9? ,sph]e corresponds ,moral ,sci5ce2 & to ! ,quiet ,heav5 corresponds ,div9e ,sci5ce1 :i* is designat$ ,!ology4 ,& ! reason :y ?is is1 rema9s briefly to be se54 ,i say t ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon is lik5$ unto ,gramm> because x is possible to f9d a comp>ison to x4 ,= if y look at ! ,moon well1 two ?+s are se5 to be prop] to x :i* are n se5 9 ! o!r />s3 ! "o is ! %ad[ :i* is 9 x1 :i* is no o!r ?an ! r>ity ( its body1 9 :i* ! rays ( ! ,sun c f9d no end :]efrom to /rike back aga9 z 9 ! o!r p>ts2 ! o!r is ! v>iation ( its brightness1 :i* n[ %9es on "o side1 & n[ on ! o!r1 accord+ z ! ,sun sees x4 ,& ^! two prop]ties ,gramm> has3 =1 because ( its inf9ity1 ! rays ( reason c f9d no end 9 x 9 p>ts1 especially ( ! words2 & x %9es n[ on ?is side1 n[ on t1 inasmu* z c]ta9 words1 c]ta9 decl5sions1 c]ta9 con/ructions1 are 9 use :i* 7 n =m]ly1 & _m =m]ly 7 :i* aga9 w be2 z ,horace says 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 book on ! art ( ,poetry1 :5 he says3 ,_m words w spr+ up aga9 :i* h n[ fall5 out ( use4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ,m]cury may be comp>$ to ,logic because ( two prop]ties3 t ,m]cury is ! smalle/ /> 9 ,heav51 t ! am\nt ( its diamet] is no m ?an two hundr$ & ?irty-two miles1 accord+ z ,alf]gano puts x1 :o says t x is "o tw5ty-eigh? "p ( ! diamet] ( ! ,e>?1 :i* is six ?\s& five hundr$ miles2 ! o!r prop]ty is1 t x is m conceal$ by ! rays ( ! ,sun ?an any o!r />4 ,& ^! two prop]ties are 9 ,logic3 = ,logic is less 9 sub/ance ?an any o!r ,sci5ce1 = x is p]fectly compil$ & t]m9at$ 9 s mu* text z is f\nd 9 ! old ,art & ! new2 & x is m conceal$ ?an any o!r ,sci5ce1 inasmu* z x proce$s ) m sophi/ical & probable argum5ts ?an any o!r4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ,v5us may be comp>$ to ,rhetoric because ( two prop]ties3 ! "o is ! brightness ( its aspect1 :i* is mo/ sweet to behold1 f> m ?an any o!r />2 ! o!r is its appe>ance1 n[ 9 ! morn+1 n[ 9 ! ev5+4 ,& ^! two prop]ties are 9 ,rhetoric3 = ,rhetoric is ! sweete/ ( all ,sci5ces1 s9ce x pr9cipally aims at sweetness4 ,x appe>s 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! ,rhetorician speaks be=e ! face ( ! he>]2 x appe>s 9 ! ev5+1 t is1 aft]w>ds1 :5 x speaks by ,lett]s 9 di/ant p>ts4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ! ,sun may be comp>$ to ,ari?metic because ( two prop]ties3 ! "o is1 t ) 8 light all ! o!r />s are in=m$2 ! o!r is t ! eye _c gaze at x4 ,& ^! two prop]ties are 9 ,ari?metic1 :i* ) its light illum9ates all its ,sci5ces3 = _! subjects are all consid]$ "u "s ,numb]1 & ) ,numb] "o always proce$s 9 ! consid]ation ( ^!2 z 9 ,natural ,sci5ce ! movable body is ! subject1 :i* movable body has 9 itself ?ree reasons ( cont9uity1 & ?is has 9 itself reason ( inf9ite numb]4 ,& ( ,natural ,sci5ce its fir/ & *iefe/ consid]ation is to consid] ! pr9ciples ( natural objects1 :i* are ?ree1 t is1 matt]1 privation1 & =m2 9 :i* ?is ,numb] is se51 & n only 9 all toge!r1 b aga9 9 ea* "o1 z he :o consid]s subtly may p]ceive4 ,:]e=e1 ,py?agoras1 accord+ to :at ,ari/otle says 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,physics1 e/abli%$ z ! pr9ciples ( natural ?+s1 ! equal & ! unequal2 consid]+ all ?+s to be ,numb]4 ,! o!r prop]ty ( ! ,sun is aga9 se5 9 ,numb]1 ( :i* ,numb] is ! ,sci5ce ( ,ari?metic1 t ! eye ( ! intellect _c gaze at x4 ,= ,numb]1 inasmu* z x is consid]$ 9 itself1 is inf9ite2 & ?is we _c1 und]/&4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ,m>s may be comp>$ to ,music because ( two prop]ties4 ,"o is its mo/ beautiful relative position2 =1 :5 enum]at+ ! movable ,heav5s1 f :i* "o soev] y may beg91 ei!r f ! l[e/ or f ! highe/1 ?is ,heav5 ( ,m>s is ! fif?2 x is ! c5tral "o ( all1 t is1 ( ! fir/1 ( ! second1 ( ! ?ird1 & ( ! f\r?4 ,! o!r is1 t ?is ,m>s dries up & burns ?+s1 because 8 heat is l to t ( fire2 & ?is is :y x appe>s flam+ 9 col\r1 sometimes m & sometimes less1 accord+ to ! d5sity & r>ity ( ! vap\rs :i* foll[ x1 :i* ( !mselves are (t5 k9dl$1 z is det]m9$ 9 ! fir/ book on ,meteors4 ,&1 !re=e1 ,albumass> says t ! k9dl+ ( ^! vap\rs signifies ! dea? ( ,k+s & ! *ange ( ,k+doms2 = !y are ! effects ( ! dom9ion ( ,m>s4 ,&1 !re=e1 ,s5eca says t1 on ! dea? ( ,augu/us1 he beheld on high a ball ( fire4 ,& 9 ,flor5ce1 at ! beg9n+ ( its de/ruction1 !re 0 se5 9 ! air1 9 ! =m ( a cross1 a great quantity ( ^! vap\rs foll[+ ! planet ,m>s4 ,& ^! two prop]ties are 9 ,music1 :i* is all relative1 z is se5 9 h>moniz$ words & 9 songs1 f :i* ! sweet] h>mony results 9 proportion z ! relation is m beautiful1 :i* 9 ?is ,sci5ce is especially beautiful1 because !re is 9 x a special h>mony4 ,aga91 ,music attracts to itself human spirits1 :i* are z x 7 *iefly vap\rs f ! he>t1 s t !y almo/ cease f all lab\r2 s is ! :ole s\l :5 x he>s x1 & ! p[] ( all ^? spirits flies z x 7 to ! _s ( s5se1 :i* receives ! s\nd4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ,jupit] c be comp>$ to ,geometry because ( two prop]ties4 ,! "o is1 t x moves betwe5 two ,heav5s1 repugnant to its good temp]+1 namely1 t ( ,m>s & t ( ,saturn4 ,h5ce ,ptolemy says1 9 ! book allud$ to1 t ,jupit] is a /> ( a temp]ate complexion1 midway betwe5 ! cold ( ,saturn & ! heat ( ,m>s4 ,! o!r is1 t among/ all ! />s x appe>s :ite1 z if silv]$4 ,& ^! ?+s are 9 ! ,sci5ce ( ,geometry4 ,geometry moves betwe5 two ?+s antagoni/ic to x2 z betwe5 ! po9t & ! circle1 & ,i t]m circle freely any?+ t is r\nd1 ei!r a body or sup]fices2 =1 z ,euclid says1 ! po9t is ! beg9n+ ( ,geometry1 &1 accord+ to :at he says1 ! circle is ! mo/ p]fect figure 9 x1 :i* mu/ !re=e h reason = its end2 s t betwe5 ! po9t & ! circle1 z betwe5 ! beg9n+ & ! end1 ,geometry moves4 ,& ^! two are antagoni/ic to its c]ta9ty2 = ! po9t by its indivisibility is immeasurable1 & ! circle1 on acc\nt ( its arc1 x is impossible to squ>e p]fectly1 & !re=e x is impossible to measure precisely4 ,& aga91 ,geometry is mo/ :ite1 inasmu* z x is )\t spot ( error1 & x is mo/ c]ta9 9 itself1 & by its h&maid1 call$ ,p]spective4 ,& ! ,heav5 ( ,saturn has two prop]ties because ( :i* x c be comp>$ to ,a/rology4 ,"o is ! sl[ness ( its movem5t ?r\gh ! twelve signs2 = tw5ty-n9e ye>s & m1 accord+ to ! writ+s ( ! ,a/rolog]s1 is ! "t t x requires 9 its orbit4 ,! o!r is1 t above all ! o!r planets x is highe/4 ,& ^! two prop]ties are 9 ,a/rology1 = 9 complet+ its circle1 z 9 ! acquirem5t ( ?is ,sci5ce1 ! greate/ space ( "t is revolv$1 because its demon/rations are m ?an any o!r ( ! a=em5tion$ ,sci5ces1 & long exp]i5ce is requisite to ^? :o w\ld acquire good judgm5t 9 x4 ,& aga91 x is ! highe/ ( all ! o!rs1 because1 z ,ari/otle says 9 ! comm5cem5t ( 8 book on ! ,s\l1 ! ,sci5ce is high1 because ( its nobility1 & because ( ! nobl5ess ( its subject & its c]ta9ty4 ,& ?is ,sci5ce m ?an any o!r ( ^? m5tion$ above is noble & high1 = noble & high is its subject1 :i* is ! movem5t ( ! ,heav5s2 & high & noble1 because ( its c]ta9ty1 :i* is )\t any defect1 ev5 z t :i* spr+s f ! mo/ p]fect & mo/ regul> pr9ciple4 ,& if any "o believe t !re is defect 9 x1 x is n on ! "p ( ! ,sci5ce1 b1 z ,ptolemy says1 x is ?r\gh our neglig5ce1 & to t x mu/ be imput$4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,aft] ! comp>isons :i* ,i h made ( ! sev5 fir/ ,heav5s1 we mu/ n[ proce$ to ! o!rs1 :i* are ?ree1 z has be5 (t5 /at$4 ,i say t ! ,/>ry ,heav5 may be comp>$ to ,physics because ( ?ree prop]ties1 & to ,metaphysics because ( ?ree o!rs4 ,= x %[s u ( itself two visible ?+s1 su* z ! multitude ( />s & su* z ! ,galaxy1 t :ite circle :i* ! common p call ! ,pa? ( ,/4 ,james4 ,x %[s to u also "o ( ! poles1 & keeps ! o!r hidd5 f u4 ,& x %[s to u "o movem5t alone f ,ea/ to ,we/2 & ano!r1 :i* x makes f ,we/ to ,ea/1 x keeps almo/1 z x 71 hidd5 f u4 ,!re=e1 9 due ord] are to be se51 fir/ ! comp>ison ) ! ,physical & !n t ) ! ,metaphysical4 ,i say t ! ,/>ry ,heav5 %[s u _m />s2 =1 accord+ to :at ! wise m5 ( ,egypt h se51 ev5 to ! la/ /> :i* appe>$ to !m 9 ! ,m]idian1 !y place !re tw5ty-two ?\s& bodies ( />s1 ( :i* ,i speak4 ,& 9 ?is x has ! greate/ similitude ) ,physics1 if ^! ?ree numb]s1 namely1 ,two1 & ,tw5ty1 & ,?\s&1 are reg>d$ well & subtly4 ,= by ! two is meant ! local movem5t1 :i* is ( necessity f "o po9t to ano!r2 & by ! tw5ty is signifi$ ! movem5t ( ! alt]ation1 =1 s9ce f ! t5 upw>ds "o advances n except by alt]+ ?is t5 ) ! o!r n9e & ) itself2 & ! mo/ beautiful alt]ation :i* x receives is its own ) itself1 & ! fir/ :i* x receives is ! tw5ty2 reasonably by ?is numb] ! said movem5t is signifi$4 ,& by ! ?\s& is signifi$ ! movem5t ( increase1 :i* 9 "n1 t is1 ?is ?\s&1 is ! great] numb]1 & to increase /ill m is n possible except by multiply+ ?is4 ,& ^! ?ree movem5ts alone are obs]v$ 9 ,physics1 z x is demon/rat$ 9 ! fif? *apt] ( 8 fir/ book4 ,& because ( ! ,milky ,way1 ?is ,heav5 has a great similitude ) ,metaphysics4 ,:]e=e1 x is to be kn[n t conc]n+ ?is ,galaxy ! ,philosoph]s h _h diff]5t op9ions4 ,= ! foll[]s ( ,py?agoras said t ! ,sun at "s "t or o!r w5t a/ray f 8 pa?1 &1 pass+ ?r\gh o!r p>ts n suitable to 8 f]v5t heat1 he burnt ! place ?r\gh :i* he pass$1 & !re rema9$ t appe>ance ( ! conflagration4 ,& ,i believe t !y 7 mov$ by ! fable ( ,phaeton1 :i* ,ovid relates 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! second "p ( 8 ,metamorphoses4 ,o!rs said1 su* z ,anaxagoras & ,democritus1 t x 0 ! light ( ! ,sun reflect$ into t "p4 ,& ^! op9ions1 ) demon/rative reasons1 !y prov$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,:at ,ari/otle may h said ( ?is is n s easy to le>n1 because 8 op9ion is n f\nd to be ! same 9 "o translation z 9 ! o!r2 & ,i believe t x might be due to ! error ( ! translators1 = 9 ! new "o he seems to say t ! ,galaxy is a collection ( vap\rs "u ! />s ( t "p :i* always attract !m2 & ?is does n seem to be ! true reason4 ,9 ! old translation he says t ! ,galaxy is no o!r ?an a multitude ( fix$ />s 9 t "p1 s small t we _c di/+ui% !m f "h bel[1 b t !y cause ! :it5ess :i* we call ! ,milky ,way4 ,& x may be t ! ,heav5 9 t "p is m d5se1 & !re=e reta9s & repres5ts t light2 & ?is op9ion ,avic5na & ,ptolemy seem to %>e ) ,ari/otle4 ,!re=e1 s9ce ! ,galaxy is an effect ( ^? />s :i* we _c see1 if we und]/& ^? ?+s by _! effect alone1 & ,metaphysics treats ( ! fir/ sub/ances1 :i* we _c simil>ly und]/& except by _! effects1 x is evid5t t ! ,/>ry ,heav5 has a great similitude to ,metaphysics4 ,aga91 by ! pole :i* we see is signifi$ ! ?+s kn[n to our s5ses1 conc]n+ :i*1 tak+ !m univ]sally1 ! ,sci5ce ( ,physics treats2 & by ! pole :i* we d n see is signifi$ ! ?+s :i* are )\t matt]1 :i* are n s5sible1 conc]n+ :i* ,metaphysics treats2 & !re=e ! said ,heav5 has a great similitude ) ! "o ,sci5ce & ) ! o!r4 ,aga91 by ! two movem5ts x signifies ^! two ,sci5ces3 = by ! movem5t 9 :i* e day revolves1 & makes a new revolution f po9t to po9t1 x signifies ?+s natural & corruptible :i* daily complete _! pa?1 & _! mat]ial is *ang$ f =m to =m2 & ( ?is ! ,sci5ce ( ,physics treats4 ,& by ! almo/ ins5sible movem5t :i* x makes f ,we/ to ,ea/ by "o degree 9 a hundr$ ye>s1 x signifies ?+s incorruptible1 :i* receiv$ f ,god ! beg9n+ ( _! creation1 & w h no end2 b ( ^! ,metaphysics treats4 ,!re=e ,i say t ?is movem5t signifies ^? ?+s1 = x began ?is revolution :i* w h no end2 ! end ( ! revolution be+ to return to "o self-same po9t1 to :i* ?is ,heav5 w n return by ?is movem5t1 :i* has revolv$ a little m ?an ! six? "p f ! comm5cem5t ( ! _w2 & we are n[ 9 ! la/ age ( ! _w1 & v]ily we wait ! consummation ( ! cele/ial movem5t4 ,?us x is evid5t t ! ,/>ry ,heav51 on acc\nt ( _m prop]ties1 may be comp>$ to ! ,sci5ce ( ,physics & ,metaphysics4 ,! ,cry/all9e ,heav51 :i*1 z ! ,primum ,mobile1 has be5 previ\sly c\nt$1 has a suffici5tly evid5t comp>ison to ,moral ,philosophy2 = ,moral ,philosophy1 accord+ to :at ,tommaso says ^u ! second book ( ! ,e?ics1 tea*es u me?od 9 ! o!r ,sci5ces4 ,= z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! fif? book ( ! ,e?ics1 legal ,ju/ice requires ! ,sci5ces to be le>nt1 & comm&s1 9 ord] t !y may n be ab&on$1 t !y be le>nt & taught3 ?us1 ! said ,heav5 rules ) its movem5t ! daily revolution ( all ! o!rs2 f :i* revolution e day all ^? receive & s5d bel[ ! virtues ( _! sev]al p>ts4 ,=1 if ! revolution ( ?is ,heav5 c\ld n rule ov] t1 b little ( _! p[] w\ld desc5d bel[1 & little ( _! aspect4 ,:]e=e we hold t1 if x c\ld be possible = ?is n9? ,heav5 n to move1 ! ?ird "p ( ! ,heav5 w\ld n aga9 be se5 9 any "p f ! ,e>?3 ,saturn w\ld be = f\rte5 ye>s & a half conceal$ f any place on ! ,e>?1 ,jupit] w\ld be hidd5 = six ye>s1 & ,m>s = almo/ a :ole ye>1 & ! ,sun = "o hundr$ & eighty-two days & f\rte5 h\rs 7,i say days1 mean+ s mu* "t z s _m days measure72 & ,v5us & ,m]cury1 almo/ l ! ,sun1 w\ld be hidd5 & w\ld reappe>1 & ! ,moon = ! space ( f\rte5 days & a half w\ld be hidd5 f all p4 ,v]ily1 "h bel[ !re w\ld be nei!r g5]ation1 nor ! life ( animals1 nor ( plants2 !re w\ld be no night1 nor day1 nor week1 nor mon?1 nor ye>2 b ! :ole ,univ]se w\ld be disord]$1 & ! movem5t ( ! />s w\ld be 9 va94 ,n o!rwise1 %\ld ,moral ,philosophy cease to be1 w\ld ! o!r ,sci5ces be hidd5 = "s "t1 & !re w\ld be no g5]ation nor life ( happ9ess1 & all books w\ld be 9 va91 & all discov]ies ( old4 ,!re=e x is suffici5tly evid5t t !re is a comp>ison betwe5 ?is ,heav5 & ,moral ,philosophy4 ,aga91 ! ,empyrean ,heav51 because ( its ,peace1 be>s a similitude to ! ,div9e ,sci5ce1 :i* is full ( all ,peace2 :i* endures no conflict ( op9ion or ( sophi/ical argum5ts1 on acc\nt ( ! mo/ excell5t c]ta9ty ( its subject1 :i* is ,god4 ,& ( ?is ,he ,himself speaks to ,8 disciples3 ,my peace ,i give to y3 ,my peace ,i leave unto y1 giv+ & leav+ to !m ,8 doctr9e1 :i* is ?is ,sci5ce :]e( ,i speak4 ,solomon says ( ?is ,sci5ce3 ,sixty are ! que5s1 & eighty ! fri5dly concub9es2 & y\?ful virg9s )\t numb]2 b "o is my dove & my p]fect "o4 ,all ! ,sci5ces he t]ms que5s1 & fri5ds1 & virg9s2 & he calls ?is "o dove1 because x is )\t blemi% ( /rife2 & he calls ?is "o p]fect1 because x causes u to see p]fectly ! ,tru? 9 :i* our ,s\l f9ds ,peace4 ,& !re=e ! comp>ison ( ! ,heav5s to ! ,sci5ces hav+ be5 ?us reason$ out1 x is easy to see t by ! ,?ird ,heav5 ,i mean ,rhetoric1 :i* has be5 lik5$ unto ! ,?ird ,heav51 z appe>s above4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,by ! similitudes spok5 ( x is possible to see :o ^! ,mov]s are to :om ,i speak2 :at are ! ,mov]s ( t ,heav52 ev5 z ,boe?ius & ,tullius1 :o by ! sweetness ( _! spee* s5t me1 z has be=e be5 /at$1 to ! ,love1 :i* is ! /udy ( t mo/ g5tle ,lady1 ,philosophy1 by ! rays ( _! />1 :i* is ! writt5 ^w ( t fair "o4 ,!re=e 9 ea* ,sci5ce ! writt5 ^w is a /> full ( light1 :i* t ,sci5ce reveals ,&1 ?is be+ made manife/1 x is easy to see ! true mean+ ( ! fir/ v]se ( ! purpos$ ,poem by means ( ! exposition1 ,figurative & ,lit]al4 ,& by means ( ?is self-same exposition "o c suffici5tly und]/& ! second v]se1 ev5 to t "p :]e x says1 ,?is ,_s made me look on a fair ,lady3 :]e x %\ld be kn[n t ?is ,lady is ,philosophy2 :i* truly is a ,lady full ( sweetness1 adorn$ ) mode/y1 wond]ful = wisdom1 ! glory ( fre$om1 z 9 ! ,?ird ,treatise1 :]e h] ,nobility w be describ$1 x is made manife/4 ,& !n :]e x says3 ,:o seeks :]e 8 ,salvation lies1 ,mu/ gaze int5tly 9 ?is ,lady's eyes2 ! eyes ( ?is ,lady are h] demon/rations1 :i* look /raight into ! eyes ( ! intellect1 enam\r ! ,s\l1 & set x free f ! trammels ( circum/ance4 ,oh1 mo/ sweet & ineffable =ms1 swift /eal]s ( ! human m9d1 :i* appe> 9 ^! demon/rations1 t is1 9 ! eyes ( ,philosophy1 :5 %e disc\rses to h] fai?ful fri5ds6 ,v]ily 9 y is ,salvation1 :]eby he is made bless$ :o looks at y1 & is sav$ f ! dea? ( ,ignorance & ,vice4 ,:]e x says1 ,nor dread ! sighs ( angui%1 joys deb>r$1 ! wi% is to signify1 if he fe> n ! lab\r ( /udy & ! /rife ( conflict+ op9ions1 :i* fl[ =? ev] multiply+ f ! liv+ ,spr+ 9 ! eyes ( ?is ,lady1 & !n h] light /ill cont9u+1 !y fall away1 almo/ l little morn+ cl\ds be=e ! ,sun4 ,& n[ ! intellect1 become h] fri5d1 rema9s free & full ( c]ta9 ,tru?1 ev5 z ! atmosph]e is r5d]$ pure & bright by ! %9+ ( ! midday ,sun4 ,! ?ird passage aga9 is expla9$ by ! ,lit]al exposition z f> z to :]e x says1 ,/ill !re=e ! ,s\l weeps4 ,"h x is desirable to att5d to a c]ta9 moral s5se :i* may be obs]v$ 9 ^! words3 t a man ought n = ! sake ( ! great] fri5d to =get ! s]vice receiv$ f ! less]2 b if "o mu/ foll[ ! "o & leave ! o!r1 ! great] is to be foll[$1 ) hone/ lam5tation = des]tion ( ! o!r1 :]eby he gives occasion to ! "o :om he foll[s to be/[ m love on him4 ,!n !re :]e x says1 ,( my eyes1 has no o!r mean+ except t bitt] 0 ! h\r :5 ! fir/ demon/ration ( ?is ,lady ent]$ into ! eyes ( my intellect1 :i* 0 ! cause ( ?is mo/ close atta*m5t4 ,& !re :]e x says1 ,my pe]s1 x means ! ,s\ls set free f mis]able & vile pleasures1 & f vulg> habits1 end[$ ) und]/&+ & memory4 ,& !n x says1 ,h] eyes be> dea?1 & !n x says1 ,i gaz$ on h] & die1 :i* appe>s contr>y to t :i* is said above ( ,salvation by ?is ,lady4 ,& !re=e x is to be kn[n t "o ,_s speaks "h on "o side & ! o!r speaks !re on ! o!r2 :i* two dispute contr>iwise1 accord+ to t :i* is made evid5t above4 ,:]e=e x is no wond] if "h ! "o ,_s says ,yes1 & !re ! o!r ,_s says ,no4 ,!n 9 ! /anza :]e x says1 ,a sweet voice ( t5d]ness1 a ?\ght is meant :i* 0 born ( my deep contemplation2 :]e=e x is to be kn[n t by ,love1 9 ?is ,allegory1 is always meant t deep contemplation :i* is ! e>ne/ application ( ! enam\r$ m9d to t object :]e) x is enam\r$4 ,!n :5 x says1 ,!re %all %9e ,high miracles be=e !e1 x ann\nces t ?r\gh h] ! adornm5ts ( ! miracles w be se52 & x speaks truly1 t ! adornm5t ( ! miracles is to see ! cause ( ! same1 :i* %e demon/rates2 z 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! book on ,metaphysics ! ,philosoph] seems to feel1 say+ t1 ?r\gh ! contemplation ( ^! adornm5ts1 m5 began to be enam\r$ ) ?is ,lady4 ,& conc]n+ ?is ^w1 i4e41 miracle1 9 ! foll[+ treatise ,i %all speak m fully4 ,:at !n foll[s ( ?is ,song is suffici5tly expla9$ by ! o!r exposition4 ,& ?us at ! end ( ?is ,second ,treatise1 ,i say & affirm t ! ,lady ) :om ,i became enam\r$ aft] ! fir/ ,love 0 ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ excell5t daught] ( ! ,rul] ( ! ,univ]se1 to :i* daught] ,py?agoras gave ! "n ( ,philosophy4 ,& "h ends ! ,second ,treatise1 :i* is br\ght 9 = ! fir/ di% at my ,banquet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,?ird ,treatise4 ,love1 reason+ ( my ,lady 9 my m9d ,) con/ant pleasure1 (t ( h] w say ,?+s ov] :i* ! intellect may /ray2 ,8 words make music ( s sweet a k9d ,t ! ,s\l he>s & feels1 & cries1 ,ah1 me1 ,t ,i want p[] to tell :at ?us ,i see6 ,if ,i w\ld tell ( h] :at ?us ,i he>1 ,fir/1 all t ,reason _c make its own ,i ne$s mu/ leave2 & ( :at may be kn[n ,leave "p1 = want ( words to make x cle>4 ,if my ,song fail1 blame wit & words1 ^: =ce ,fails to tell all ,i he> 9 ,love's disc\rse4 ,! ,sun sees n 9 travel r\nd ! e>?1 ,till x rea* h] abode1 s fair a ?+ ,z %e ( :om ,love causes me to s+4 ,all m9ds ( ,heav5 wond] at h] wor?2 ,mortals1 enam\r$1 f9d h] 9 _! ?\ght ,:5 ,love 8 peace into _! m9ds has br\ght4 ,h] ,mak] saw t %e 0 good1 & p\r$1 ,beyond our ,nature1 fulness ( ,8 ,p[] ,on h] pure s\l1 :5ce %one ?is holy d[] ,?r\gh all h] frame1 ) beauty s ador$ ,t f ! eyes %e t\*es h]alds fly ,he>tw>d ) long+s1 heav5w>d ) a sigh4 ,on h] fair frame ,virtue ,div9e desc5ds ,z on ! angel t beholds ,8 face4 ,fair "o :o d\bt1 g ) h]1 m>k ! grace ,9 all h] acts4 ,d[nw>d f ,heav5 b5ds ,an angel :5 ! speaks1 :o c atte/ ,a p[] 9 h] by none ( u possess$4 ,! graceful acts t %e %[s =? to all ,rival 9 calls to love t love mu/ he>2 ,fair 9 all l h]1 faire/ %e'll appe> ,:o is mo/ l h]4 ,we1 cont5t to call ,h] face a ,miracle1 h ,fai? made sure3 ,= t1 ,he made h] ev] to endure4 ,h] aspect %[s delights ( ,p>adise1 ,se5 9 h] eyes & 9 h] smil+ face2 ,love br\ght !m !re z to 8 dwell+-place4 ,!y dazzle reason1 z ! ,sun ! eyes2 ,& s9ce ,i _c fix on !m my gaze ,words mu/ suffice t little speak _! praise4 ,ra9 f h] beauty little flames ( fire1 ,made liv+ ) a _s to create ,good ?\ghts1 & cru% ! vices t innate ,make o!rs vile4 ,fair "o1 :o may desire ,escape f blame z "o n calm or meek1 ,f h]1 :o is ,god's ?\ght1 ?y tea*+ seek4 ,my ,song1 x seems y speak ?is to oppose ,! say+ ( a si/] ,song ( m9e3 ,?is l[ly ,lady :om y call div9e1 ,y\r si/] call$ disda9ful & morose4 ,?\gh ,heav51 y "k1 is ev] bright & pure1 ,eyes may h cause to f9d a /> obscure4 ,s :5 y\r si/] call$ ?is ,lady pr\d ,%e judg$ n truly1 by :at seem$2 b fe> ,possess$ h] s\l2 & /ill1 :5 ,i come ne> ,h] glance1 !re's dread4 ,be su* excuse all[$1 ,my ,song1 & :5 ?\ can/1 approa* h]1 say2 ,my ,lady1 take all homage ,i c pay4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,9 ! prec$+ treatise is describ$ h[ my second ,love took its rise f ! compassionate c\nt5ance ( a ,lady2 :i* ,love1 f9d+ my ,s\l incl9$ to its ard\r1 aft] ! mann] ( fire1 0 k9dl$ f a slight sp>k into a great flame2 s t n only dur+ my wak+ h\rs1 b dur+ sleep1 its light ?rew _m a vision into my m9d4 ,& h[ great ! desire :i* ,love excit$ to behold ?is ,lady1 x w\ld be impossible ei!r to tell or to make und]/ood4 ,& n only ( h] 0 ,i ?us desir\s1 b ( all ^? p]sons :o _h any ne>ness to h]1 ei!r z acqua9tances or z relations4 ,oh6 h[ _m 7 ! nights1 :5 ! eyes ( o!r p]sons 7 clos$ 9 sleep1 t m9e1 wide op51 gaz$ fix$ly ^u ! tab]nacle ( my ,love4 ,& z ! rapidly increas+ fire mu/ ( necessity be se51 x be+ impossible = fire to rema9 hidd51 ! desire seiz$ me to speak ( ! ,love t ,i c\ld no long] re/ra9 )9 me4 ,& al?\gh ,i c\ld receive b little help f my own c\nsel1 yet1 inasmu* z1 ei!r f ! w ( ,love or f my own promptness1 ,i drew nigh to x _m times1 ,i delib]at$1 & ,i saw t1 9 speak+ ( ,love1 !re c\ld be no m beautiful nor m pr(itable spee* ?an t :i* comm5ds ! belov$ p]son4 ,& 9 ?is delib]ation ?ree reasons assi/$ me4 ,"o ( !m 0 self-love1 :i* is ! s\rce ( all ! re/1 z e "o sees4 ,= !re is no m lawful nor m c\rte\s way ( do+ hon\r to "o's self ?an by do+ hon\r to "o's fri5d2 &1 s9ce fri5d%ip _c exi/ betwe5 ! unlike1 :]ev] "o sees fri5d%ip1 lik5ess is und]/ood2 & :]ev] lik5ess is und]/ood1 ?i!r runs public praise or blame4 ,& f ?is reason two great lessons may be le>nt3 ! "o is1 nev] to wi% t any vici\s man %\ld seem y\r fri5d1 = 9 t case a bad op9ion is =m$ ( him :o has made ! evil man 8 fri5d2 ! o!r is1 t no "o ought to blame 8 fri5d publicly1 because1 if y consid] well ! a=esaid reason1 he b po9ts to himself ) 8 f+] 9 8 eye4 ,! second reason 0 ! desire = ! duration ( ?is fri5d%ip2 :]e=e x is to be kn[n1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! n9? book ( ! ,e?ics1 9 ! fri5d%ip ( p]sons ( unequal position x is requisite1 = ! pres]vation ( t fri5d%ip1 = a c]ta9 proportion to exi/ betwe5 !m1 :i* may r$uce ! dissimil>ity to a simil>ity1 z betwe5 ! ma/] & ! s]vant4 ,=1 al?\gh ! s]vant _c r5d] ! same b5efit to ! ma/] t is conf]r$ on him1 yet he ought to r5d] ! be/ t he c1 ) s mu* solicitude & freewill t t :i* is dissimil> 9 itself may become simil> ?r\gh ! evid5ce ( good-w1 :i* proves ! fri5d%ip1 confirms & pres]ves x4 ,:]e=e ,i1 consid]+ myself l[] ?an t ,lady1 & p]ceiv+ myself b5efit$ by h]1 endeav\r$ to praise h] accord+ to my ability4 ,&1 if x be n simil> ( itself1 my prompt freewill proves at lea/ t if ,i c\ld ,i w\ld d m1 & ?us x makes its fri5d%ip simil> to t ( ?is g5tle ,lady4 ,! ?ird reason 0 an argum5t ( prud5ce2 =1 z ,boe?ius says1 ,x is n suffici5t to look only at t :i* is be=e ! eyes1 t is1 at ! ,pres5t2 &1 !re=e1 ,prud5ce1 ,=esight1 is giv5 to u1 :i* looks beyond to t :i* may happ54 ,i say t ,i ?\ght t = a long "t ,i might be reproa*$ by _m ) levity ( m9d1 on he>+ t ,i _h turn$ f my fir/ ,love4 ,:]e=e1 to remove ?is reproa*1 !re 0 no bett] argum5t ?an to /ate :o ! ,lady 0 :o _h ?us *ang$ me2 t1 by h] manife/ excell5ce1 !y might ga9 "s p]ception ( h] virtue2 & t1 by ! compreh5sion ( h] mo/ exalt$ virtue1 !y might be able to see t all /ability ( m9d c\ld be 9 t mutability3 &1 !re=e1 !y %\ld n judge me light & un/able4 ,i !n began to praise ?is ,lady1 & if n 9 ! mo/ suitable mann]1 at lea/ z well z ,i c\ld at fir/2 & ,i began to say3 ,love1 reason+ ( my ,lady 9 my m9d4 ,?is ,song *iefly has ?ree p>ts4 ,! fir/ is ! :ole ( ! fir/ two /anzas1 9 :i* ,i speak 9 a prelim9>y mann]4 ,! second is ! :ole ( ! six foll[+ /anzas1 9 :i* is describ$ t :i* is int5d$1 i4e41 ! praise ( t g5tle ,lady2 ! fir/ ( :i* beg9s3 ,! ,sun sees n 9 travel r\nd ! e>?4 ,! ?ird "p is 9 ! la/ two /anzas1 9 :i*1 address+ myself to ! ,song1 ,i purify x f all d\btful int]pretation4 ,& ^! ?ree p>ts rema9 to be discuss$ n[ 9 due ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,turn+1 !n1 to ! ,fir/ ,"p1 :i* 0 compos$ z a ,proem or ,preface to ! ,song or ,poem1 ,i say t x is fitly divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x alludes to ! ineffable condition ( ?is !me2 secondly1 x describes my insuffici5cy to speak ( x 9 a p]fect mann]2 & ?is second "p beg9s3 ,if ,i w\ld tell ( h] :at ?us ,i he>4 ,f9ally1 ,i excuse myself = my insuffici5cy1 = :i* !y ought n to lay blame to my *>ge2 & ,i comm5ce ?is "p :5 ,i say3 ,if my ,song fail4 ,i beg91 !n3 ,love1 reason+ ( my ,lady 9 my m9d1 :]e 9 ! fir/ place x is to be se5 :o ?is speak] is1 & :at ?is place is 9 :i* ,i say t he is speak+4 ,love1 tak+ him 9 8 true s5se1 & consid]+ him subtly1 is no o!r ?an ! spiritual union ( ! ,s\l ) ! belov$ object2 into :i* union1 ( its own nature1 ! ,s\l ha/5s soon] or lat]1 accord+ z x is free or imp$$4 ,& ! reason = t natural disposition may be ?is3 ea* sub/antial =m proce$s f its ,fir/ ,cause1 :i* is ,god1 z is writt5 9 ! book ( ,causes2 & !y receive n div]sity f t ,fir/ ,cause1 :i* is ! mo/ simple1 b f ! second>y causes1 & f ! mat]ial into :i* x desc5ds4 ,:]e=e1 9 ! same book x is writt51 :5 treat+ ( ! infusion ( ! ,div9e ,goodness3 ,! b\nties & good gifts make div]se ?+s1 ?r\gh ! concurr5ce ( t :i* receives !m4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ea* effect reta9s some:at ( ! nature ( its cause1 z ,alf>abio says :5 he affirms t t :i* has be5 ! fir/ cause ( a r\nd body has 9 "s way an ess5tially r\nd =m1 s ea* =m 9 "s way has ! ess5ce ( ! ,div9e ,nature 9 itself2 n t ! ,div9e ,nature c be divid$ & communicat$ to ^!1 b p>ticipat$ 9 by ^!1 almo/ 9 ! same way t ! o!r />s p>ticipate 9 ! nature ( ! ,sun4 ,& ! nobl] ! =m1 ! m does x reta9 ( t ,div9e ,nature4 ,:]e=e ! human ,s\l1 :i* is ! noble/ =m ( all ^? :i* are g5]at$ "u ,heav51 receives m f ! ,div9e ,nature ?an any o!r4 ,& s9ce x is mo/ natural to wi% to be 9 ,god1 = z 9 ! book quot$ above "o reads1 ! fir/ ?+ is to exi/1 & be=e t !re is no?+1 ! human ,s\l desires to exi/ naturally ) all possible desire4 ,& s9ce its exi/5ce dep5ds ^u ,god1 & is pres]v$ by ,him1 x naturally desires & longs to be unit$ to ,god1 & s add /r5g? to its own be+4 ,& s9ce1 9 ! goodness ( ,human ,nature1 ,reason gives u pro( ( ! ,div9e1 x foll[s t1 naturally1 ! ,human ,s\l is unit$ !re) by ! pa? ( ! _s s mu* ! soon]1 & s mu* ! m firmly1 9 proportion z ^? good qualities appe> m p]fect2 :i* appe>ance ( p]fection is a*iev$ accord+ z ! p[] ( ! ,s\l to produce a good impression is /rong & cle>1 or is trammell$ & obscure4 ,& ?is union is t :i* we call ,love1 :]eby x is possible to "k t :i* is )9 ! ,s\l1 by look+ at ^? :om x loves 9 ! _w )\t4 ,?is ,love1 :i* is ! union ( my ,s\l ) t g5tle ,lady 9 :om s mu* ( ! ,div9e ,light 0 reveal$ to me1 is t speak] ( :om ,i speak2 s9ce f him cont9u\s ?\ghts 7 born1 :il/ gaz+ at & consid]+ ! wondr\s p[] ( ?is ,lady :o 0 spiritually made "o ) my ,s\l4 ,! place 9 :i* ,i say t he ?us speaks is ! ,m9d4 ,b 9 say+ t x is ! ,m9d1 "o does n atta* m mean+ to ?is ?an be=e2 & !re=e x is to be se5 :at ?is ,m9d prop]ly signifies4 ,i say1 !n1 t ! ,philosoph]1 9 ! second book on ! ,s\l1 :5 speak+ ( its p[]s1 says t ! ,s\l pr9cipally has ?ree p[]s1 :i* are1 to ,live1 to ,feel1 & to ,reason3 & he says also to ,move1 b x is possible to make ?is "o ) feel+1 s9ce e ,s\l moves t feels1 ei!r ) all ! s5ses or ) "o alone2 = ! p[] to move is conjo9$ ) feel+4 ,& accord+ to t :i* he says1 x is mo/ evid5t t ^! p[]s are s entw9$ t ! "o is a f\ndation ( ! o!r2 & t :i* is ! f\ndation c ( itself be divid$2 b ! o!r1 :i* is built ^u x1 _c be ap>t f its f\ndation4 ,!re=e1 ! ,vegetative p[]1 :]eby "o lives1 is ! f\ndation ^u :i* "o feels1 t is1 sees1 he>s1 ta/es1 smells1 & t\*es2 & ?is vegetative p[] ( itself c be ! ,s\l1 vegetative1 z we see 9 all ! plants4 ,! ,s5sitive _c exi/ )\t t4 ,we f9d no?+ t feels1 & does n live4 ,& ?is ,s5sitive p[] is ! f\ndation ( ! ,intellectual1 t is1 ( ! ,reason2 s t1 9 animate mortals1 ! ,reason+ p[] is n f\nd )\t ! ,s5sitive4 ,b ! ,s5sitive is f\nd )\t ,reason1 z 9 ! bea/s1 & 9 ! birds1 & 9 ! fi%es1 & 9 any brute animal1 z we see4 ,& t ,s\l :i* conta9s all ^! p[]s is ! mo/ p]fect ( all4 ,& ! ,human ,s\l possess+ ! nobility ( ! highe/ p[]1 :i* is ,reason1 p>ticipates 9 ! ,div9e ,nature1 aft] ! mann] ( an et]nal ,intellig5ce3 = ! ,s\l is ennobl$ & d5ud$ ( matt] by t ,sov]eign ,p[] 9 proportion z ! ,div9e ,light ( ,tru? %9es into x1 z into an ,angel2 & ,man is !re=e call$ by ! ,philosoph]s ! ,div9e ,animal4 ,9 ?is mo/ noble "p ( ! ,s\l are _m virtues1 z ! ,philosoph] says1 especially 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,s\l1 :]e he says t !re is 9 x a virtue :i* is call$ ,sci5tific1 & "o :i* is call$ ,ratioc9ative1 or r delib]ative2 & ) ?is !re are c]ta9 virtues1 z ,ari/otle says 9 t same place1 su* z ! ,inv5tive & ! ,judg+4 ,& all ^! mo/ noble virtues1 & ! o!rs :i* are 9 t excell5t p[]1 are designat$ by t "o ^w1 :i* we s\ght to und]/&1 t is1 ,m9d4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t by ,m9d is meant ! highe/1 noble/ "p ( a man's ,s\l4 ,& x is se5 to be s1 = only ( man & ( ! ,div9e sub/ances is ?is ,m9d pr$icat$1 z c pla9ly be se5 9 ,boe?ius1 :o fir/ pr$icates x ( m51 :]e he says to ,philosophy3 ,?\1 & ,god :o plac$ !e 9 ! m9d ( m52 !n he pr$icates x ( ,god1 :5 he says3 ,?\ do/ produce ev]y?+ f ! ,div9e ,model1 ,?\ mo/ beautiful ,"o1 be>+ ! beautiful ,_w 9 ,?y m9d4 ,nei!r 0 x ev] pr$icat$ ( brute animals2 nay1 ( _m m5 :o appe> defective 9 ! mo/ p]fect "p1 x does n seem t x ought to be1 or t x c\ld be1 pr$icat$2 & !re=e su* z ^! are t]m$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,tongue am5ti & dem5ti1 t is1 )\t m9d4 ,h5ce "o c n[ p]ceive t x is ,m9d :i* is ! p]fect & mo/ preci\s "p ( ! ,s\l 9 :i* is ,god4 ,& t is ! place :]e ,i say t ,love disc\rses to me ( my ,lady4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,n )\t cause d ,i say t ?is ,love 0 at "w 9 my m9d2 b x is said reasonably1 9 ord] to expla9 :at ?is ,love is1 by ! place 9 :i* x works4 ,:]e=e1 x is to be kn[n t ea* ?+1 z is said above1 = ! reason %[n above1 has its especial ,love1 z ! simple bodies h ,love1 innate1 ea* 9 its prop] place4 ,!re=e ! ,e>? always desc5ds to ! c5tre1 ! fire to ! circumf]5ce above ne> ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon1 & always asc5ds t[>ds t4 ,! bodies fir/ compos$1 su* z are ! m9]als1 h love = ! place :]e _! g5]ation is orda9$1 & 9 :i* !y increase1 & f :i* !y h vig\r & p[]4 ,:]e=e1 we see ! load/one always receive p[] f ! place ( its g5]ation4 ,ea* ( ! plants :i* are fir/ animat$1 t is1 fir/ animat$ ) a vegetative s\l has mo/ evid5t love = a p>ticul> place1 accord+ z its nature may require2 & !re=e we see c]ta9 plants almo/ always gr[ by ! side ( ! /reams1 & c]ta9 o!rs ^u ! m\nta9 tops1 & c]ta9 o!rs gr[ by ! sea-%ore1 or at ! foot ( hills1 :i*1 if !y are transplant$1 ei!r die entirely or live a sad life1 z x 71 l a be+ sep>at$ f 8 fri5d4 ,! brute bea/s h a mo/ evid5t love1 n only = places1 b we see also _! love t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,m5 h _! own love = ?+s p]fect & excell5t2 & s9ce ,man1 al?\gh 8 ,s\l is "o sub/ance alone1 because ( 8 nobility1 p>takes ( ! nature ( ea* ( ^! ?+s1 he c possess all ^! affections1 & he does possess !m all4 ,by 8 "p 9 ! nature ( ! simple body1 z e>?1 naturally x t5ds d[nw>ds2 !re=e1 :5 he moves 8 body upw>ds1 he becomes m we>y4 ,because ( ! second nature1 ( ! mix$ body1 x loves ! place ( its g5]ation1 & ev5 ! "t2 & !re=e ea* "o naturally is ( m p[] 9 8 own place & 9 8 own "t ?an 9 any o!r4 ,:]e=e1 "o reads 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,h]cules1 & 9 ! great] ,ovid1 & 9 ,lucan1 & 9 o!r ,poets1 t :5 fight+ ) ! ,giant :o 0 nam$ ,antu1 e "t t ! ,giant 0 we>y1 & laid 8 body d[n on ! e>? at full l5g?1 ei!r by ! w or /r5g? ( ,h]cules1 new /r5g? & vig\r !n surg$ up 9 him1 drawn :olly f ! ,e>?1 9 :i* & f :i* he 0 produc$2 ,h]cules1 p]ceiv+ ?is1 at la/ seiz$ him1 & hav+ compress$ & rais$ him above ! ,e>?1 he held him s tightly1 )\t all[+ him to t\* ! ,e>? aga91 t he conqu]$ ,antu by excess ( /r5g?1 & kill$ him4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! books1 ?is battle took place 9 ,africa4 ,& because ( ! ?ird nature1 t is1 ( ! plants1 ,man has a love = a c]ta9 food1 n inasmu* z x affects ! s5ses1 b 9 s mu* z x is nutriti\s2 & t p>ticul> food does ! "w ( t mo/ p]fect ,nature1 :ile c]ta9 o!r food1 dissimil>1 acts b imp]fectly4 ,& !re=e we see t c]ta9 food w make m5 h&some1 & /rong-limb$1 & v brightly col\r$1 & c]ta9 o!r food w d ! opposite ( ?is4 ,& by ! f\r? nature1 ( ! animals1 t is1 ! s5sitive1 ,man has ! o!r love1 by :i* he loves accord+ to ! s5sible appe>ance1 l ! bea/s2 & ?is love 9 ,man especially has ne$ ( control1 because ( its excessive op]ation 9 ! delights giv51 especially ?r\gh sight & t\*4 ,& because ( ! fif? & la/ nature1 :i* is ! true ,human ,nature1 &1 to use a bett] phrase1 ! ,angelic1 namely1 ! ,rational1 ,man has by x ! ,love ( ,tru? & ,virtue2 & f ?is ,love is born true & p]fect fri5d%ip f ! hone/ int]c\rse ( :i* ! ,philosoph] speaks 9 ! eigh? book ( ! ,e?ics1 :5 he treats ( ,fri5d%ip4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ?is nature is t]m$ ,m9d1 z is prov$ above1 ,i spoke ( ,love z disc\rs+ 9 my ,m9d 9 ord] to expla9 t ?is ,love 0 ! ,fri5d%ip :i* is born ( t mo/ noble nature1 t is1 ( ,tru? & ,virtue1 & to exclude ea* false op9ion1 by :i* my ,love might be suspect$ to spr+ f pleasure ( ! ,s5ses4 ,i !n say1 ,) con/ant pleasure1 to make p und]/& its cont9uance & its f]v\r4 ,& ,i say t x (t5 :isp]s ,?+s ov] :i* ! intellect may /ray4 ,& ,i speak tru?1 because my ?\ghts1 :5 reason+ ( h]1 (t5 s\ght to draw conclusions ( h]1 :i* ,i c\ld n compreh5d1 & ,i 0 al>m$1 s t ,i seem$ almo/ l "o daz$1 ev5 z he :o1 look+ ) ! eye along a direct l9e1 sees fir/ ! ne>e/ ?+s cle>ly2 !n1 proce$+1 x sees !m less cle>ly2 !n1 fur!r on1 d\btfully2 !n1 proce$+ an imm5se way1 ! sight is divid$ f ! object1 & sees no?+4 ,& ?is is "o unspeakable ?+ ( t :i* ,i h tak5 = a !me2 & consequ5tly ,i relate ! o!r :5 ,i say3 ,8 words make music ( s sweet a k9d ,t ! ,s\l he>s & feels1 & cries1 ,ah1 me1 ,t ,i want p[] to tell :at ?us ,i see6 ,& because ,i "k n h[ to tell x1 ,i say t my s\l lam5ts1 say+1 ,ah1 me1 t ,i want p[]4 ,& ?is is ! o!r unspeakable ?+1 t ! tongue is n a complete & p]fect foll[] ( all t ! intellect sees4 ,& ,i say1 ,t ! ,s\l he>s & feels2 he>+1 z to ! words1 & feel+1 z to ! sweetness ( ! s\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,n[ t ! two ineffable p>ts ( ?is matt] h be5 discuss$1 we mu/ proce$ to discuss words t describe my insuffici5cy4 ,i say1 !n1 t my insuffici5cy arises f a d\ble cause1 ev5 z 9 a tw(old mann] ! exalt$ nature ( my ,lady surpasses all1 9 ! way :i* has be5 told4 ,= ,i am compell$1 by ! pov]ty ( my intellect1 to omit mu* ( ! tru? conc]n+ h] :i* %one into my m9d l rays ( light1 b :i* my m9d receives l a transp>5t body1 unable to ga!r up ! ends !re( & reflect !m back4 ,& ?is ,i express 9 t foll[+ "p3 ,fir/1 all t ,reason _c make its own ,i ne$s mu/ leave4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,& ( :at c be kn[n1 ,i say t n ev5 to t :i* ,i d und]/& am ,i suffici5t1 because my tongue is n s eloqu5t t x c\ld tell t :i* is disc\rs$ 9 my ?\ghts conc]n+ h]4 ,x may be se51 !re=e1 t1 ) respect to ! ,tru?1 x is v little t ,i %all say2 & ?is r$\nds to h] great praise1 if well consid]$1 9 t :i* 0 ! ma9 int5tion4 ,& x is possible to say t ?is =m ( spee* came inde$ f ! work%op ( ,rhetoric1 :i* on e side lays its h& ^u ! ma9 int5tion4 ,!n1 :5 x says1 ,if my ,song fail1 ,i excuse myself = my fault1 :i* ought n1 !n1 to be blam$ :5 o!rs see t my words are f> bel[ ! dignity ( ?is ,lady4 ,& ,i say t1 if ! defect is 9 my rhymes1 t is1 9 my words1 :i* are appo9t$ to disc\rse ( h]1 = ?is are to be blam$ ! weakness ( ! intellect & ! abruptness ( our spee*3 blame wit & words1 :i* are ov]p[]$ by ! ?\ght1 s t !y _c foll[ x entirely1 especially !re :]e ! ?\ght is born ( love1 because !re ! ,s\l se>*es m deeply ?an else:]e4 ,x w\ld be q possible = any "o to say3 ,?\ do/ excuse & accuse ?yself all 9 "o brea?1 :i* is a reason = blame1 n = escape f blame1 inasmu* z ! blame1 :i* is m9e1 is ca/ on ! intellect & on ! spee*2 =1 if x be good1 ,i ought to be prais$ = x 9 s mu* z x is s2 & if x be defective1 ,i ought to be blam$4 ,to ?is x is possible to reply1 briefly1 t ,i d n accuse myself1 b t ,i excuse myself 9 tru?4 ,& !re=e x is to be kn[n1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph] 9 ! ?ird book ( ! ,e?ics1 t man is wor?y ( praise or ( blame only 9 ^? ?+s :i* x is 9 8 p[] to d or n to d2 b 9 ^? ?+s ov] :i* he has no p[] he des]ves nei!r blame nor praise1 s9ce ei!r ! praise or blame is to be attribut$ to "s o!r1 al?\gh ! ?+s may be p>ts ( ! man himself4 ,!re=e1 we ought n to blame ! man because 8 body1 f 8 bir?1 may be ugly1 s9ce x 0 n 9 8 p[] to make x beautiful2 b our blame %\ld fall on ! evil disposition ( ! matt] :]e( he is made1 ^: s\rce 0 a defect ( ,nature4 ,& ev5 s we ought n to praise ! man = ! beauty ( =m :i* he may h f 8 bir?1 = he 0 n ! mak] ( x2 b we ought to praise ! artific]1 t is1 ,human ,nature1 :o %apes h] mat]ial into s mu* beauty :5 %e is n imp$$4 ,& !re=e ! prie/ said well to ! ,emp]or :o laugh$ & sc(f$ at ! ugl9ess ( 8 body3 ,! ,"l1 ,he is ,god3 ,x is ,he t ha? made u1 & n we ourselves2 & ^! are ! words ( ! ,prophet 9 a v]se ( ! ,psalms1 writt5 nei!r m nor less ?an accord+ to ! reply ( ! ,prie/4 ,& !re=e let ! wick$ evil-born ones p]ceive t1 if !y put _! *ief c>e 9 ! adornm5t ( _! p]sons1 x mu/ be ) all mode/y2 = to d t is no o!r ?an to adorn ! "w ( ano!r1 t is1 ,nature1 & to ab&on _! own prop] "w4 ,return+1 !n1 to ! proposition1 ,i say t our intellect1 ?r\gh defect ( ! p[] ?r\gh :i* x sees organic p[]1 t is1 ! imag9ation1 is n able to asc5d to c]ta9 ?+s1 because ! imag9ation _c help x & has n ! :]e)al1 su* z are ! sub/ances ap>t f matt]1 :i* 7if we c h any k ( !m7 we _c fully compreh5d4 ,& ! man is n to blame = ?is1 because he 0 n ! mak] ( ?is defect2 nay1 ,univ]sal ,nature did ?is1 :i* is ,god1 :o wills t 9 ?is life we be )\t ?is light4 ,& because ,he 0 ! cause1 x w\ld be presumptu\s to argue conc]n+ x4 ,s t if my e>ne/ ?\ght transport$ me into a place :]e my imag9ation fail$ my intellect1 ,i 0 n to blame if ,i c\ld n possibly und]/&4 ,aga91 a b\nd is set to our und]/&+ 9 ea* op]ation !re(2 b n by u1 b by ,univ]sal ,nature2 & !re=e x is to be kn[n t ! b\nds ( ! und]/&+ are wid] 9 ?\ght ?an 9 spee*1 & wid] 9 spee* ?an 9 signs4 ,h5ce1 if our ?\ght1 n only t :i* fails 9 a p]fect intellect1 b also t :i* 9 a p]fect intellect atta9s its end1 is ! conqu]or ( spee*1 we are n to blame1 because we are n ! mak]s ( x4 ,& !re=e ,i prove t ,i d tru?fully excuse myself :5 ,i say3 ,blame wit & words1 ^: =ce ,fails to tell all t ,i he> ,love disc\rse2 =1 suffici5tly cle> ought to appe> ! good-w1 :i* alone we %\ld reg>d 9 respect to m]its t are human4 ,& ?us is n[ expla9$ ! fir/ pr9cipal "p ( ?is ,song :i* fl[s f my h&4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,disc\rse on ! fir/ "p ( ! ,song has n[ made its mean+ op5 & cle>1 & x is ne$ful to proce$ to ! second2 = ! cle>] p]ception ( :i*1 ?ree divisions are desirable1 accord+ z x is conta9$ 9 ?ree sections4 ,= 9 ! fir/ "p ,i praise t ,lady entirely & g5]ally1 z 9 ! ,s\l s 9 ! body2 9 ! second "p ,i desc5d to especial comm5dation ( ! ,s\l2 & 9 ! ?ird1 to especial praise ( ! body4 ,! fir/ "p beg9s3 ,! ,sun sees n 9 travel r\nd ! e>?2 ! second beg9s3 ,h] ,mak] saw t %e 0 good2 ! ?ird beg9s3 ,ra9 f h] beauty little flames ( fire1 & ^! p>ts or divisions 9 due ord] are to be discuss$4 ,i say !n3 ,! ,sun sees n 9 travel r\nd ! e>?2 :]e x is to be kn[n1 9 ord] to h p]fect und]/&+ !re(1 h[ ! ,e>? is circl$ r\nd by ! ,sun4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i say t by ! ,e>? ,i d n "h mean ! :ole body ( ! ,univ]se1 b only t "p ( ! sea & l&1 foll[+ ! common spee*1 :i* is ?us wont to designate x1 :]eupon "s "o exclaims1 ,?is man has se5 all ! ,_w1 mean+ ?is "p ( ! sea & l&4 ,?is ,_w ,py?agoras & 8 foll[]s ass]t$ to be "o ( ! />s1 & !y also said t !re 0 ano!r opposite to x1 simil> to x3 & !y call$ t "o ,antictona2 & he said t bo? 7 9 "o sph]e :i* revolv$ f ,ea/ to ,we/1 & by ?is revolution ! ,sun 0 circl$ r\nd u1 & n[ he 0 se51 & n[ he 0 n se54 ,& he said t ! fire 0 9 ! c5tre ( ^!1 consid]+ ! fire to be a m noble body ?an ! wat] & ?an ! ,e>?1 & giv+ ! noble/ c5tre to ! f\r simple bodies2 he said t ! fire1 :5 x appe>$ to asc5d1 accord+ to /rict tru? desc5d$ to ! c5tre4 ,!n ,plato 0 ( ano!r op9ion1 & he wrote 9 a book ( 81 :i* he call$ ,timu1 t ! ,e>? ) ! sea 0 inde$ ! c5tre ( all1 b t its :ole sph]e revolv$ r\nd its c5tre1 foll[+ ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,heav5s1 b mu* sl[] on acc\nt ( its gross mat]ial1 & because ( ! imm5se di/ance f t fir/ mov$4 ,^! op9ions are confut$ 9 ! second *apt]1 ,( ,heav5 & ! ,_w1 by t glori\s ,philosoph]1 to :om ,nature op5$ h] secrets mo/ freely2 & by him x is !re9 prov$ t ?is ,_w1 ! ,e>?1 is ( itself /able & fix$ to all et]nity4 ,& 8 reasons1 :i* ,ari/otle /ates 9 ord] to break ^? o!r op9ions & to affirm ! tru?1 x is n my int5tion "h to n>rate2 !re=e1 let x be en\gh = ^? to :om ,i speak1 to "k1 ^u 8 great au?ority1 t ?is ,e>? is fix$1 & does n revolve1 & t x1 ) ! sea1 is ! c5tre ( ! ,heav5s4 ,^! ,heav5s revolve r\nd ?is c5tre cont9u\sly1 ev5 z we see2 9 :i* revolution !re mu/ ( necessity be two fix$ ,poles1 & a circle equally di/ant f ^! r\nd :i* all especially revolves4 ,( ^! two ,poles1 ! "o is visible to almo/ all ! discov]$ ,e>?1 t is1 ! ,nor!rn ,pole2 ! o!r is hidd5 f almo/ all ! discov]$ ,e>?1 t is1 ! ,s\!rn ,pole4 ,! circle spread f !m is t "p ( ,heav5 "u :i* ! ,sun revolves :5 x is 9 ,aries & ,libra4 ,:]e=e1 x is to be kn[n t if a /one c\ld fall f ?is ,pole ( ours1 x w\ld fall !re beyond into ! sea precisely ^u t surface ( ! sea1 :]e1 if a man c\ld be1 he w\ld always h ! ,sun above ! middle ( 8 head2 & ,i believe t f ,rome to t place1 go+ 9 a /raight l9e to ! ,nor?1 ! di/ance may be almo/ two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ miles1 or a little m or less4 ,imag9+1 !n1 9 ord] to und]/& bett] :at ,i say1 t !re is 9 t place a city1 & t its "n may be ,m>ia1 ,i say aga9 t if f ! o!r ,pole1 t is1 ! ,s\!rn1 a /one c\ld fall1 t x w\ld fall ^u t "p ( ! ocean :i* is precisely on ?is ball opposite to ,m>ia2 & ,i believe t f ,rome to :]e ?is second /one w\ld fall1 go+ 9 a direct l9e to ! ,s\?1 ! di/ance may be sev5 ?\s& five hundr$ miles1 a little m or less4 ,& "h let u imag9e ano!r city1 :i* may h ! "n ( ,lucia2 & ! di/ance1 f :atev] "p "o draws ! l9e1 is t5 ?\s& two hundr$ miles betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r1 t is1 half ! circumf]5ce ( ?is ball1 s t ! citiz5s ( ,m>ia hold ! soles ( ! feet opposite ! soles ( ! feet ( ! citiz5s ( ,lucia4 ,let u imag9e also a circle ^u ?is ball :i* is 9 e "p equi-di/ant f ,m>ia z f ,lucia4 ,i believe t ?is circle1 accord+ to :at ,i und]/& by ! ass]tions ( ! ,a/rolog]s1 & by t ( ,alb]tus ,magnus 9 8 book ,on ! ,nature ( ,places & on ! ,prop]ties ( ! ,elem5ts1 & also by ! te/imony ( ,lucan 9 8 n9? book1 w\ld divide ?is ,e>? uncov]$ by ! sea 9 ! ,m]idian1 almo/ ?r\gh all ! extreme end ( ! fir/ climate1 :]e !re are among/ ! o!r p ! ,g>amanti1 :o are almo/ always nak$2 to :om came ,cato ) ! p ( ,rome :5 fly+ f ! dom9ion ( ,cs>4 ,hav+ m>k$ out ^! ?ree places ^u ?is ball1 "o c easily see h[ ! ,sun circles r\nd x4 ,i say1 !n1 t ! ,heav5 ( ! ,sun revolves f ,we/ to ,ea/1 n directly aga9/ ! diurnal movem5t1 t is1 ( ! day & night1 b obliquely aga9/ t1 s t its mid-circle1 :i* is equally betwe5 its ,poles1 9 :i* is ! body ( ! ,sun1 cuts into two opposite p>ts ! circle ( ! two fir/ ,poles1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,aries & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,libra2 & x is divid$ by two arcs f x1 "o t[>ds ! ,nor? & "o t[>ds ! ,s\?2 ! po9ts ( ^! two said arcs are equi-di/ant f ! fir/ circle 9 e "p by tw5ty-?ree degrees & "o po9t m1 & ! "o po9t is ! tropic ( ,canc]1 & ! o!r is ! tropic ( ,capricorn2 !re=e x mu/ be t ,m>ia 9 ! sign ( ,aries c see1 :5 ! ,sun s9ks bel[ ! mid-circle ( ! fir/ ,poles1 ?is ,sun to revolve r\nd ! ,e>? bel[1 or r ! sea1 l a mill/one1 ( :i* only "o half ( its body appe>s1 & c see ?is come ris+ up aft] ! mann] ( ! screw ( a v9e-press1 s mu* s t x completes n9ety-"o rotations1 or a little m4 ,:5 ^! rotations are complet$1 its asc5sion is to ,m>ia almo/ z mu* 9 proportion z x asc5ds to u 9 ! half-?ird1 t is1 ( ! equal day & night2 & if a man c\ld /& 9 ,m>ia1 ) 8 face always turn$ to ! ,sun1 he w\ld see t ,sun pass by on ! "r4 ,!n by ! same way x seems to desc5d ano!r n9ety-"o rotations1 or a little m1 s mu* s t x circles r\nd bel[ ! ,e>?1 or r sea1 n %[+ ! :ole ( itself2 & !n x is hidd51 & ,lucia beg9s to see x1 :i*1 ! same z ,m>ia1 !n sees x to asc5d & to desc5d ar\nd itself ) ! same numb] ( rotations4 ,& if a man c\ld /& 9 ,lucia1 ) 8 face always turn$ t[>ds ! ,sun1 he w\ld see x pass to ! left4 ,!re=e1 x is possible to see t ^! places h 9 ! ye> "o day ( six mon?s' duration1 & "o night ( ! same l5g? ( "t2 & :5 "o has ! day ! o!r has ! night4 ,x mu/ be also t ! circle :]e ! ,g>amanti are1 z has be5 said above1 ^u ?is ball1 c see ! ,sun revolve precisely above !m1 n aft] ! fa%ion ( a mill-/one1 b ( a :eel1 :i* _c 9 any "p be se5 except ! c5tre1 :5 x goes "u ,aries4 ,& !n x is se5 to dep>t f its place imm$iately above & g t[>ds ,m>ia n9ety-"o days1 or a little m1 & by s _m to return to its position2 & !n1 :5 x has turn$ back1 x goes be=e ,libra1 & ev5 s dep>ts & goes t[>ds ,lucia n9ety-"o days1 or a little m1 & 9 s _m returns to its position4 ,& ?is place always has ! day equal ) ! night1 ei!r on ?is side or on t1 z ! ,sun goes1 & twice a ye> x has ! summ] ( int5se heat1 & two little w9t]s4 ,x mu/ also be t ! two di/ances1 :i* are midway f ! two imag9>y ,cities & ! mid-circle1 see ! ,sun v>i\sly1 accord+ z !y are remote f1 & ne> to1 ^! places4 ,n[1 by :at has be5 said1 ?is c be se5 by him :o has good und]/&+1 to :i* x is well to give a little fatigue4 ,he c n[ p]ceive t1 by ! ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ! ,_w is s orda9$ t ! sph]e ( ! ,sun1 be+ revolv$ & turn$ r\nd to "o po9t1 ?is ball :]eon we are 9 e "p receives an equal %>e ( light & d>kness4 ,oh1 ineffable ,wisdom1 ,?\ :i* did/ ?us orda96 ,oh1 h[ poor & feeble is our m9d :5 seek+ to compreh5d ,!e6 ,& y1 ,o m51 = ^: b5efit & pleasure ,i write1 9 :at fe>ful bl9dness d y live if y nev] raise y\r eyes upw>ds to ^! ?+s1 b keep !m fix$ 9 ! mud ( y\r fooli%ness4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] is %[n aft] :at mann] ! ,sun travels r\nd ! ,e>?2 s t n[ "o c proce$ to demon/rate ! mean+ ( ! "p to :i* ?is ?\ght belongs4 ,i say1 !n1 t 9 t fir/ "p ,i beg9 to praise t ,lady by comp>ison ) o!r ?+s4 ,& ,i say t ! ,sun1 circl+ r\nd ! ,e>?1 sees no?+ s g5tle z t ,lady2 :]e=e x foll[s t %e is1 accord+ to ! lett]1 ! mo/ g5tle ( all ?+s t ! sun %9es ^u4 ,& x says3 ,till ! h\r2 :]e=e x is to be kn[n t h\r is und]/ood 9 two ways by ! ,a/rolog]s4 ,! "o is1 t ( ! day & ( ! night !y make tw5ty-f\r h\rs--twelve ( ! day1 twelve ( ! night1 h[ev] long or %ort ! day may be4 ,& ^! h\rs are %ort & long 9 ! day & night accord+ z ! day & night increase & dim9i%4 ,& ^! h\rs ! ,*ur* uses :5 x says1 ,prima1 ,t]tia1 ,sexta1 & ,nona--fir/1 ?ird1 six?1 & n9?2 & ^! are t]m$ h\rs temporal4 ,! o!r mode is1 t1 mak+ ( ! day & ( ! night tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! day sometimes has fifte5 h\rs & ! night n9e2 & sometimes ! night has sixte5 & ! day eight1 accord+ z ! day & night increase & dim9i%2 & !y t]m ^! h\rs equal at ! ,equ9ox1 & ^? t are t]m$ temporal are always ! same1 because1 ! day be+ equal to ! night1 x mu/ happ5 ?us4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,all ,m9ds ( ,heav5 wond] at h] wor?1 ,i praise h]1 n hav+ respect to any o!r ?+4 ,& ,i say t ! ,intellig5ces ( ,heav5 behold h]1 & t ! p "h bel[ ?9k ( t g5tle ,lady :5 !y h m ( t peace :i* delights !m4 ,& "h x is to be kn[n t ea* ,m9d or ,intellect 9 ,heav5 above1 accord+ to t :i* is writt5 9 ! book ,( ,causes1 kn[s t :i* is above itself & t :i* is bel[ itself2 !re=e x kn[s ,god z its ,cause2 !re=e x kn[s t :i* is bel[ itself z its effect4 ,& s9ce ,god is ! mo/ univ]sal cause ( ev]y?+1 to "k ,him is to "k all1 accord+ to ! degree ( ! ,intellig5ce2 :]e=e all ! ,intellig5ces "k ! human =m 9 z f> z x is by int5tion fix$ or det]m9$ 9 ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,! mov+ ,intellig5ces especially "k x2 s9ce !y are ! mo/ especial causes ( x1 & ( e k9d ( =m2 & !y "k ! mo/ p]fect1 z f> z !y c "k x1 z _! rule & patt]n4 ,& if ?is human =m1 copi$ & individualiz$1 is n p]fect1 x is n ! fault ( ! said copy or image1 b ( ! matt] f :i* ! individual is =m$4 ,!re=e :5 ,i say1 ,all ,m9ds 9 ,heav5 wond] at h] wor?1 ,i wi% to express no o!r ?an t %e is ?us made1 ev5 z ! express image ( ! human =m 9 ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,& ea* ,m9d !re above beholds h] by virtue ( t quality :i* exi/s especially 9 ^? angelic ,m9ds :i* build up & %ape1 ) ,heav51 ?+s t exi/ bel[4 ,& to confirm ?is1 ,i subjo9 :5 ,i say1 ,mortals1 enam\r$1 f9d h] 9 _! ?\ght ,:5 ,love 8 peace into _! m9ds has br\ght1 :]e x is to be kn[n t ea* ?+ especially desires its p]fection1 & 9 t its e desire f9ds peace & calm1 & = t peace ea* ?+ is desir$4 ,& ?is is t desire :i* always makes e pleasure appe> incomplete1 = !re is no joy or pleasure s great 9 ?is life t x c qu5* ! ?ir/ 9 our ,s\l1 = always ! desire = t p]fection rema9s 9 ! ,m9d4 ,& s9ce ?is ,lady is truly t p]fection1 ,i say t p "h bel[ receive great delight :5 !y h mo/ peace2 = %e abides !n 9 _! ?\ghts4 ,= ?is ,lady1 ,i say1 is p]fect 9 z high a degree z x is possible = ,human ,nature to be4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,h] ,mak] saw t %e 0 good1 ,i prove t n only ?is ,lady is ! mo/ p]fect 9 ! human race1 b m ?an ! mo/ p]fect1 inasmu* z %e receives f ! ,div9e ,goodness m ?an human dues4 ,:]e=e "o c reasonably believe t z ea* ,ma/] loves mo/ 8 be/ "w f> m ?an ! o!r "w1 s ,god loves ! good human be+ f> above ! re/4 ,& =asmu* z ,8 ,b\nty is ( necessity n re/rict$ by any limit1 ,8 love has no reg>d to ! am\nt due to him :o receives1 b x ov]fl[s 9 gifts1 & 9 ! bless+s ( p[] & grace4 ,:]e=e ,i say "h1 t ?is ,god1 :o gave life or be+ to ?is ,lady1 ?r\gh love or *>ity = h] p]fection p\rs into h] ( ,8 ,b\nty beyond ! limits ( ! am\nt due to our nature4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,on h] pure s\l1 ,i prove ?is t has be5 said ) reasonable te/imony1 :i* gives u to "k t1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second *apt]1 ,on ! ,s\l1 ! ,s\l is ! act ( ! ,body2 & if x be its act1 x is its ,cause2 & z x is writt5 9 ! book be=e1 quot$1 ,on ,causes1 ea* ,cause infuses into its effect "s ( ! goodness :i* x receives f its own ,cause1 :i* is ,god4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce 9 h] are se5 wond]ful ?+s1 s mu* s on ! "p ( ! body t !y make ea* behold] desir\s to see ^? ?+s1 x is evid5t t h] =m1 :i* is h] ,s\l1 guides x z its prop] ,cause & receives miracul\sly ! graci\s goodness ( ,god4 ,& ?us is prov$1 by t appe>ance1 :i* exce$s ! due appo9tm5t ( our nature1 :i* 9 h] is mo/ p]fect1 z has be5 said above1 t ?is ,lady is by ,god end[$ ) good gifts & made a noble ?+4 ,& ?is is ! :ole ,lit]al mean+ ( ! fir/ section ( ! second pr9cipal "p4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,hav+ comm5d$ ?is ,lady g5]ally1 bo? accord+ to ! ,s\l & accord+ to ! ,body1 ,i proce$ to praise h] specially accord+ to ! ,s\l4 ,& fir/ ,i praise h] ,s\l = its goodness1 t is great 9 itself2 !n ,i comm5d x = a goodness t is great 9 o!rs1 & useful to ! ,_w4 ,& t second "p beg9s :5 ,i say1 fir/ly1 ,on h] fair frame ,virtue ,div9e desc5ds2 :]e x is to be kn[n t ! ,div9e ,goodness desc5ds into all ?+s1 & o!rwise !y c\ld n exi/2 b1 al?\gh ?is goodness spr+s f ! ,fir/ ,cause1 x is receiv$ div]sely1 accord+ to ! m or less ( virtue 9 ! recipi5ts4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 9 ! book ,( ,causes3 ,! ,fir/ ,goodness s5ds ,8 good gifts =? ^u ?+s 9 "o /ream4 ,v]ily ea* ?+ receives f ?is /ream accord+ to ! mann] ( its virtue & its be+4 ,& we c h a s5sible1 liv+ example ( ?is 9 ! ,sun4 ,we see ! light ( ! ,sun1 :i* is "o ?+1 d]iv$ f "o f\nta91 to be v>i\sly receiv$ by mat]ial sub/ances2 z ,alb]tus ,magnus says 9 8 book ,on ! ,intellect1 t c]ta9 bodies1 ?r\gh hav+ mix$ 9 !mselves an excess ( transp>5t brightness1 s soon z ! ,sun sees !m !y become s bright t1 by ! multiplication ( light )9 !m1 _! aspect is h>dly disc]nible1 & f !mselves !y r5d] back to o!rs great spl5d\r or brilliancy1 su* z is gold & any gem4 ,sure ,i am t by be+ entirely transp>5t1 n only d !y receive ! light1 b t !y d n int]cept x2 nay1 !y pass x on1 l /a9$ glass1 col\r$ ) _! own col\r1 to o!r ?+s4 ,& !re are c]ta9 o!r bodies s ov]p[]+ 9 ! purity ( ! transp>5cy t !y become s radiant z to ov]p[] ! adju/m5ts ( ! eye1 & y _c look at !m )\t fatigue ( sight2 su* z are ! mirrors4 ,c]ta9 o!rs are s free f transp>5cy1 t b little light c !y receive2 z is ! ,e>?4 ,?us ! ,goodness ( ,god is receiv$ 9 sundrywise by ! sundry sub/ances1 t is1 9 "o way by ! ,angels1 :o are )\t grossness ( matt]1 z if transp>5t ?r\gh _! purity ( =m2 & o!rwise by ! human ,s\l1 :i* al?\gh on "o side x may be free f matt]1 on ano!r side x is imp$$3 ev5 z ! man :o is all 9 ! wat] b 8 head1 ( :om "o _c say t he is entirely 9 ! wat]1 or entirely out ( x4 ,aga9 o!rwise x is receiv$ by ! animals1 ^: s\l is :olly compris$ 9 matt]2 b ,i say t ! s\l ( animals receives ( ! ,goodness ( ,god 9 proportion z x is ennobl$4 ,aga9 o!rwise is x receiv$ by ! m9]als2 & o!rwise by ! ,e>?1 ?an by ! o!rs1 because ! ,e>? is mo/ mat]ial1 & !re=e mo/ remote1 & mo/ out ( all proportion to ! ,fir/ mo/ simple & mo/ high ,cause1 :i* is alone ,intellectual1 t is to say1 ,god4 ,& al?\gh "h bel[ !re may be plac$ g5]al degrees ( excell5ce1 nev]!less1 s+ul> degrees ( excell5ce may also be plac$2 t is to say1 t among/ human ,s\ls "o ,s\l may receive m b\ntifully ?an ano!r4 ,& s9ce 9 ! intellectual ord] ( ! ,univ]se "o asc5ds & desc5ds by degrees almo/ cont9u\s f ! l[e/ =m to ! highe/1 & f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 z we see 9 ! visible ord] ( ?+s2 & betwe5 ! ,angelic ,nature1 :i* is intellectual1 & ! ,human ,s\l !re may be no /ep1 b ! "o rise to ! o!r z x 7 cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! height ( ! degrees2 & f ! ,human ,s\l & ! mo/ p]fect s\l ( ! brute animals1 aga91 !re may n be any break 9 ! desc5t4 ,= z we see _m m5 s vile & ( su* l[ condition t x seems almo/ t x c be no o!r ?an be/ial1 s x is to be ass]t$ & firmly believ$ t !re may be "s m5 s noble & ( a condition s exalt$ t x c be no o!r ?an t ( ! ,angel4 ,o!rwise ! human species c\ld n be cont9u$ on e side1 :i* _c be4 ,su* z ^! ,ari/otle calls1 9 ! sev5? book ( ! ,e?ics1 ,div9e2 & su* a "o ,i say t ?is ,lady is1 s t ! ,div9e ,virtue1 aft] ! mann] t x desc5ds into ! ,angel1 desc5ds into h]4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,fair "o :o d\bt1 ,i prove ?is by ! exp]i5ce t x is possible to h ( x 9 ^? op]ations :i* are prop] to ! rational ,s\l1 :]e9 ! ,div9e ,light %9es =? m quickly1 t is1 9 ! spee* & 9 ! actions1 :i* are wont to be t]m$ conduct & deportm5t4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n t only man among/ ! animals speaks1 & has conduct & acts :i* are call$ rational1 because he alone has ,reason 9 himself4 ,& if any "o might wi% to say1 9 contradiction1 t a c]ta9 bird c speak1 z appe>s true1 especially ( ! magpie & ( ! p>rot2 & t "s bea/ p]=ms acts1 or r ?+s1 by rule1 z appe>s 9 ! ape & 9 "s o!r2 ,i reply t x is n true t !y speak1 nor t !y h rules1 because !y h n ,reason1 f :i* ^! ?+s mu/ proce$2 nei!r is !re 9 !m ! pr9ciple ( ^! op]ations2 nei!r d !y "k :at t is2 nei!r d !y und]/& t by ^? acts some?+ is int5d$2 b t only :i* !y see & he> !y repres5t1 ev5 z ! image ( somebody may be reflect$ 9 a glass4 ,:]e=e1 z 9 ! mirror ! corporal image :i* ! mirror %[s is n true1 s ! image ( ,reason1 9 ! acts & ! spee* :i* ! brute s\l repres5ts1 or r %[s1 is n true4 ,i say t :at g5tle ,lady soev] d\bts %\ld g ) h]1 m>k ! grace ,9 all h] acts4 ,i d n say man1 because "o c d]ive exp]i5ce m mode/ly f ! woman ?an f ! man2 & ,i say %e w f9d t ,d[nw>d f ,heav5 b5ds ,an angel :5 %e speaks4 ,= h] spee*1 because ( its exalt$ "* & because ( its sweetness1 k9dles 9 ! m9d ( him :o he>s x a ?\ght ( ,love1 :i* ,i call a cele/ial ,_s2 s9ce f ,heav5 is ! s\rce & f ,heav5 ! int5tion !re(1 z has be5 already n>rat$4 ,f :i* ?\ght ,i pass to a firm op9ion t ?is ,lady is ( miracul\s p[]1 t !re is ,a p[] 9 h] by none ( u possess$4 ,h] actions1 by _! suavity & by _! mod]ation1 ,rival 9 calls to ,love t ,love mu/ he>4 ,!y cause ,love to awak5 & aga9 to he> :5ev] he is s[n by ! p[] ( b\ntiful ,nature4 ,:i* natural se$ acts z 9 ! next treatise is %[n4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,fair 9 all l h]1 faire/ %e'll appe> ,:o is mo/ l h]1 ,i int5d to n>rate h[ ! goodness & ! p[] ( h] s\l are good & useful to o!rs2 &1 fir/ly1 h[ useful x is to o!r wom51 say+ t %e is ,fair 9 all l h]1 :]e ,i pres5t a cle> or bright example to ! wom51 f gaz+ at :i* !y c make _! beauty seem g5tle 9 foll[+ ! same4 ,secondly1 ,i relate h[ useful %e is to all p1 say+ t h] aspect assi/s our fai?1 :i* is m useful to ! :ole ,human ,race ?an all o!r ?+s beside2 = x is t by :i* we escape f ,et]nal ,dea? & acquire ,et]nal ,life2 & %e assi/s our ,fai?1 = ! fir/ f\ndation ( our ,fai? is on ! miracles p]=m$ by ,him :o 0 crucifi$1 :o creat$ our ,reason1 & will$ t x %\ld be less ?an ,8 p[]4 ,he p]=m$ ^! miracles1 !n1 9 ,8 own "n = ,8 sa9ts2 & _m m5 are s ob/9ate t !y are 9 d\bt ( ^? miracles if !re be ! lea/ mi/ or cl\d ar\nd !m2 & !y _c believe any miracle unless !y h visible exp]i5ce ( ! same2 & ?is ,lady is a ?+ visibly miracul\s1 ( :i* ! eyes ( m5 daily c h exp]i5ce1 & :i* c make ! o!r miracles appe> possible to u4 ,:]e=e x is manife/ t ?is ,lady1 ) h] m>vell\s aspect1 assi/s our ,fai?4 ,&1 !re=e1 f9ally ,i say3 ,we1 cont5t to call ,h] face a ,miracle1 h ,fai? made sure3 ,= t ,god made h] ev] to endure4 ,& ?us ends ! second section ( ! second pr9cipal "p ( ! ,song accord+ to its ,lit]al mean+4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,among/ ! ,works ( ,div9e ,wisdom1 ,man is ! mo/ wond]ful1 consid]+ h[ 9 "o =m ! ,div9e ,p[] jo9$ ?ree natures2 & 9 su* a =m h[ subtly h>moniz$ 8 body mu/ be4 ,x is organiz$ = all 8 di/9ct p[]s2 :]e=e1 because ( ! great concord !re mu/ be1 among s _m organs1 to secure _! p]fect response to ea* o!r1 9 all ! multitude ( m5 b few are p]fect4 ,& if ?is ,creature is s wond]ful1 c]ta9ly x is a dread ?+ to disc\rse ( 8 conditions1 n only 9 words1 b ev5 9 ?\ght4 ,s t to ?is apply ^? words ( ,ecclesia/es3 ,i beheld all ! ,"w ( ,god1 t a ,man _c f9d out ! ,"w t is done "u ! ,sun4 ,& ^? o!r words !re1 :]e he says3 ,let n ?9e he>t be ha/y to utt] any?+ be=e ,god3 = ,god is 9 ,heav51 & ?\ ^u ,e>?3 !re=e let ?y words be few4 ,i1 !n1 :o 9 ?is ?ird section int5d to speak ( a c]ta9 condition ( su* a creature1 inasmu* z1 ?r\gh ! goodness ( ! ,s\l1 visible beauty appe>s 9 8 body1 ,i beg9 timor\sly unc]ta91 int5d+1 if n fully1 at lea/ p>tially1 to untie su* a knot z ?is4 ,i say1 !n1 t s9ce ! mean+ ( t section is cle>1 :]e9 ?is ,lady is prais$ on ! "p ( ! ,s\l1 we are n[ to proce$ & to see h[ x is :5 ,i say3 ,h] aspect %[s delights ( ,p>adise4 ,i praise h] on ! "p ( ! body1 & ,i say t 9 h] aspect bright gleams appe> :i* %[ u pleasant ?+s1 & among/ o!rs ^? ( ,p>adise4 ,! mo/ noble /ate ( all1 & t :i* is ! cr[n ( e good1 is to be at peace )9 "o's self2 & ?is is to be happy4 ,& ?is cont5t is truly 7al?\gh 9 ano!r mann]7 9 h] aspect2 s t1 by look+ at h]1 ! p f9d peace1 s sweetly does h] ,beauty fe$ ! eyes ( ! behold]s2 b 9 ano!r way1 = ! ,peace t is p]petual 9 ,p>adise is n atta9able by any man4 ,& s9ce "s "o might ask :]e ?is wond]ful cont5t appe>s 9 ?is ,lady1 ,i di/+ui% 9 h] p]son two p>ts1 9 :i* human pleasure & displeasure mo/ appe>4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n t 9 :atev] "p ! ,s\l mo/ fulfils its (fice1 x /rives mo/ e>ne/ly to adorn t "p1 & !re x does its "w mo/ subtly4 ,:]e=e we see t 9 ! ,face ( ,man1 :]e x fulfils its (fice m ?an 9 any o!r outw>d "p1 x works s subtly t1 by mak+ itself subtle !re9 z mu* z its mat]ial p]mits1 x causes t no face is l ano!r1 because its utmo/ p[] ov] matt]1 :i* is dissimil> 9 almo/ all1 is !re br\ght into action2 & because 9 ! face ! ,s\l works especially 9 two places1 z if 9 ^? two places all ! ?ree ,natures ( ! ,s\l _h jurisdiction1 t is1 9 ! ,eyes & 9 ! ,m\?1 ^! x *iefly adorns1 & !re x sp5ds its c>e to make all beautiful if x c4 ,& 9 ^! two places ,i say t ^? pleasures ( cont5t appe>1 say+3 ,se5 9 h] eyes & 9 h] smil+ face2 ! :i* two places1 by means ( a beautiful comp>ison1 may be designat$ ! balconies ( ! woman :o dwells 9 ! h\se ( ! body1 %e be+ ! ,s\l2 because !re1 al?\gh veil$1 z x 71 ! ,s\l (t5 %[s itself4 ,! ,s\l %[s itself s evid5tly 9 ! eyes t x is possible to "k its pres5t passion if y look att5tively4 ,six passions are prop] to ! human ,s\l ( :i* ! ,philosoph] makes m5tion 9 8 ,rhetoric1 namely1 ,grace1 ,zeal1 ,m]cy1 ,envy1 ,love1 & ,%ame2 & ) :i*ev] ( ^! ! ,s\l is impassion$1 !re comes into ! w9d[ ( ! ,eyes ! semblance ( x1 unless x be repress$ )91 & %ut f view by great p[] ( w4 ,:]e=e "s "o =m]ly pluck$ out 8 eyes t an inw>d %ame %\ld n appe> )\t1 z ,/atius ! ,poet says ( ! ,!ban ,o$ipus :5 he says t ) et]nal night he loos$ 8 damnd %ame4 ,x reveals itself 9 ! ,m\?1 l col\r beh9d glass z x 74 ,& :at is a smile or a laugh except a coruscation ( ! ,s\l's delight1 a light %ot outw>dly f t :i* %9es )98 ,& !re=e x is "r = a man to reveal 8 ,s\l by a well-temp]$ *e]fulness1 smil+ mod]ately ) a due re/ra9t1 & ) slight movem5t ( ! limbs2 s t ! ,lady1 t is1 ! ,s\l1 :i* !n1 z has be5 said1 %[s h]self1 may appe> mode/1 & n dissolute4 ,!re=e ! book on ! ,f\r ,c>d9al ,virtues comm&s u ?us3 ,let ?y smile be )\t l\d laught]1 t is1 )\t cackl+ l a h54 ,ah1 ! sweet wond] ( my ,lady's smile1 :i* is nev] se5 b 9 ! eyes6 ,& ,i say ( ^! delights se5 9 h] eyes & smile3 ,love br\ght !m !re z to 8 dwell+ place2 :]e x is possible to consid] ,love 9 a tw(old =m4 ,fir/1 ! ,love ( ! ,s\l1 peculi> or prop] to ^! places2 secondly1 univ]sal ,love1 :i* incl9es ?+s to love & to be lov$1 :i* orda9s ! ,s\l to rule ^! p>ts4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,!y dazzle ,reason1 ,i excuse myself = ?is1 t x appe>s ( su* exce$+ beauty t ,i c tell b little1 ow+ to its ov]p[]+ =ce2 & ,i say t ,i c say b little conc]n+ x = two reasons4 ,! "o is1 t ^? ?+s :i* appe> 9 h] aspect ov]p[] our intellect2 & ,i tell h[ ?is conque/ is made3 t ,!y dazzle ,reason1 z sunbeams our eyes1 :5 ! ,sun ov]p[]s our feeble sight1 if n also ! heal?y & ! /rong4 ,! o!r is1 t ! man _c look fix$ly at x1 because ! ,s\l becomes inebriate !re92 s t incont95tly1 aft] gaz+ !reat1 x fails 9 all its op]ations4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,ra9 f h] beauty little flames ( fire1 ,i recur to disc\rse ( its effect1 s9ce to disc\rse entirely ( x is n possible4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n t all ^? ?+s :i* subdue our intellect1 s t x is unable to see :at !y are1 are mo/ suitably to be discuss$ 9 _! effects2 :]e=e ( ,god1 & ( ,8 sep>ate sub/ances1 & ( ! fir/ matt] we c ?us h "s k4 ,& !re=e ,i say t ! beauty ( t ,lady ra9s little flames ( fire1 mean+ ! ard\r ( ,love & ( ,*>ity1 ,made liv+ ) a _s1 t is1 ,love in=m$ by a g5tle _s1 :i* is direct desire1 ?r\gh :i* & f :i* to create ,good ?\ghts2 & x n only does ?is1 b x cru%es & de/roys its opposite1 ! innate vices :i* are especially ! foes ( all good ?\ghts4 ,& "h x is to be kn[n t !re are c]ta9 vices 9 ! ,man to :i* he is naturally dispos$2 z c]ta9 m5 ( a *ol]ic complexion are dispos$ to ang]3 & su* vices z ^! are innate1 t is1 natural4 ,o!rs are ! vices ( habit1 = :i* n ! complexion1 b habit1 or cu/om1 is to blame2 su* z intemp]ance1 & especially intemp]ance 9 w9e4 ,b ^! vices are subdu$ & put to flight by good habits1 & ! man is made virtu\s !reby )\t f9d+ fatigue 9 8 mod]ation1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second book ( ! ,e?ics4 ,truly !re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! natural passions & ! habitual1 t ?r\gh use ( good morals ! habitual entirely vani%1 because _! orig91 ! evil habit1 is de/roy$ by its opposite2 b ! natural1 ! s\rce ( :i* is 9 ! complexion ( ! passionate man1 al?\gh !y may be made mu* light] by good morals1 yet !y d n entirely disappe> z f> z reg>ds ! fir/ cause1 b !y almo/ :olly disappe> 9 act1 because cu/om is n equal to nature1 :i* is ! s\rce ( su* a passion4 ,& !re=e ! man is m praisewor?y :o guides himself & rules himself :5 he is ( an evil disposition by nature1 9 opposition to natural impulse1 ?an he :o1 be+ gift$ ) a good disposition by nature1 c>ries himself naturally well2 z x is m praisewor?y to control a bad horse ?an "o t is n tr\blesome4 ,i say1 !n1 t ^? little flames :i* ra9 d[n f h] beauty de/roy ! innate1 or ! natural1 vices1 to make m5 und]/& t h] beauty has p[] to r5ew ,nature 9 ^? :o behold x1 :i* is a miracul\s ?+4 ,& ?is confirms t :i* is obs]v$ above 9 ! o!r *apt] :5 ,i say t %e is ! help] ( our ,fai?4 ,f9ally1 :5 ,i say1 ,lady1 :o may desire ,escape f blame1 ,i inf]1 "u pretext ( admoni%+ ano!r1 ! end = :i* s mu* beauty 0 made4 ,& ,i say t :at lady believes h] beauty to be op5 to blame ?r\gh "s defect1 let h] look on ?is mo/ p]fect example2 :]e x is und]/ood t x is design$ n only to improve & raise ! good1 b also to conv]t evil to good4 ,&1 f9ally1 x is subjo9$ t %e is ,god's ?\ght1 t is1 f ! ,m9d ( ,god4 ,& ?is to make m5 und]/& t1 by design ( ! ,creator1 ,nature is made to produce su* an effect4 ,& ?us ends ! :ole ( ! second *ief "p ( ! ,song4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ord] ( ! pres5t treatise requires1 aft] ^! two p>ts ( ! ,song h be5 discuss$1 accord+ to my int5tion1 t we n[ proce$ to ! ?ird1 9 :i* ,i int5d to purify ! ,song f a repro( :i* might be unfav\rable to x4 ,& x is ?is1 t be=e ,i compos$ x1 ?is ,lady seem+ to me to be some:at fi]ce & haughty aga9/ me1 ,i made a little ballad1 9 :i* ,i call$ h] pr\d & angry1 :i* appe>s to be contr>y to t :i* is "h reason$2 & !re=e ,i turn to ! ,song1 &1 "u col\r ( tea*+ x h[ x is prop] t x %\ld excuse itself1 ,i make an excuse = t :i* came be=e4 ,& ?is1 :5 "o addresses inanimate ?+s1 is a figure :i* is call$ by rhetoricians1 ,prosopopoeia1 & ! ,poets (t5 use x4 ,my ,song1 x seems y speak ?is to oppose1 ,! int5tion ( :i* address1 to make x m easy ( und]/&+1 x behoves me to divide into ?ree sections3 fir/1 "o affirms :]e=e excuse is necess>y2 !n1 "o proce$s ) ! excuse1 :5 ,i say1 ,?\gh ,heav51 y "k2 f9ally1 ,i speak to ! ,song z to a p]son well skill$ 9 t :i* x is "r to d :5 ,i say1 ,be su* excuse all[$4 ,i say1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place3 ,my ,song1 x seems y speak ?is to oppose ,! say+ ( a si/] ,song ( m9e4 ,= ! sake ( similitude1 ,i say si/]2 = z t woman is call$ a si/] :o is born ( ! same fa!r1 s may a man call t "w a si/] :i* is wr\ght by ! same work]2 = our "w is 9 "s degree a ?+ begott54 ,& ,i say :y x seems oppos$ or contr>y to t si/] ,song1 say+3 ,?is lovely ,lady :om y c\nt div9e1 ,y\r si/] call$ disda9ful & morose4 ,?is accusation be+ affirm$1 ,i proce$ to ! excuse1 by quot+ an example1 :]e9 ! ,tru? is q opposite to ! appe>ance ( ,tru?1 & x is q possible to take ! false semblance ( ,tru? = ,tru? itself1 reg>d+ ,tru? itself z ,falsehood4 ,i say3 ,?\gh ,heav51 y "k1 is ev] high & pure1 ,m5's eyes may fail1 & f9d a /> obscure2 :]e x is %[n t x is ! prop]ty ( col\r & light to be visible1 z ,ari/otle affirms 9 ! second book ,( ! ,s\l & 9 ! book on ,s5se & ,s5sation4 ,o!r ?+s1 inde$1 are visible1 b x is n _! prop]ty to be s1 nor to be tangible1 z 9 =m1 height1 numb]1 motion1 & re/1 :i* are said to be subject to ! ,common ,s5se1 & :i* we compreh5d by union ( _m s5ses2 b ( col\r & light x is ! prop]ty to be visible1 because ) ! sight only we compreh5d !m4 ,^! visible ?+s1 bo? ^? ( :i* x is ! prop]ty & ^? subject to ! ,common ,s5se1 inasmu* z !y are visible1 come )9 ! eye2 ,i d n say ! ?+s1 b _! =m2 ?r\gh ! transp>5t m$ium1 n really1 b by int5tion1 z x 7 ?r\gh transp>5t glass4 ,& 9 ! hum\r :i* is 9 ! pupil ( ! eye ?is curr5t :i* makes ! =m visible is complet$1 because t hum\r is clos$ beh9d l a mirror :i* has its glass back$ ) lead2 s t x _c pass f>!r on1 b /rikes !re1 aft] ! mann] ( a ball1 & /ops2 s t ! =m :i* does n appe> 9 ! transp>5t m$ium1 hav+ rea*$ ! disc beh9d1 %9es brightly !reon2 & ?is is ! reason :y ! image appe>s only 9 ! glass :i* has lead at ! back4 ,f ?is pupil ! visual _s1 :i* is cont9u$ f x to ! "p ( ! ,bra91 ! ant]ior1 :]e ! s5sitive p[] is1 sudd5ly1 )\t loss ( "t1 depicts x z 9 ! cle> spr+ ( a f\nta92 & ?us we see4 ,:]e=e1 9 ord] t its vision be tru?ful1 t is1 su* z ! visible ?+ is 9 itself1 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! =m comes to ! eye mu/ be )\t any col\r1 & s also ! hum\r ( ! pupil2 o!rwise ! visible =m w\ld be /a9$ ( ! col\r ( ! m$ium & ( t ( ! pupil4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y !y :o wi% to make ?+s appe> ( a c]ta9 col\r 9 a mirror int]pose t col\r betwe5 ! glass & ! lead1 ! glass be+ press$ ov] x4 ,plato & o!r ,philosoph]s said1 inde$1 t our sight 0 n because ! visible came into ! eye1 b because ! visual virtue w5t out to ! visible =m4 ,& ?is op9ion is confut$ by ! ,philosoph] 9 t book ( 8 on ,s5se & ,s5sation4 ,hav+ ?us consid]$ ?is law ( vision1 "o c easily p]ceive h[1 al?\gh ! /> is always 9 "o way bright1 cle>1 & respl5d5t1 & receives no *ange :atev] except t ( local movem5t1 z is prov$ 9 t book on ,heav5 & ! ,_w1 yet f _m causes x may appe> dim & obscure2 s9ce x may appe> ?us on acc\nt ( ! m$ium1 ! atmosph]e1 t *anges cont9ually4 ,?is m$ium *anges f light to d>kness1 accord+ to ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! ,sun2 & dur+ ! pres5ce ( ! ,sun ! m$ium1 :i* is transp>5t1 is s full ( light t x ov]p[]s ! />1 & !re=e x no long] appe>s brilliant4 ,?is m$ium also *anges f r>e to d5se1 f dry to moi/1 because ( ! vap\rs ( ! ,e>? :i* rise cont9ually4 ,! m$ium1 ?us *ang$1 *anges by its d5sity ! image ( ! />1 :i* passes ?r\gh x1 makes x appe> dim1 & by its moi/ure or dryness *anges x 9 col\r4 ,9 l mann] x may ?us appe> ?r\gh ! visual organ1 t is1 ! eye1 :i* on acc\nt ( "s infirmity1 or because ( fatigue1 is *ang$ into "s degree ( dimness or into "s degree ( weakness4 ,s x happ5s v (t51 ow+ to ! membrane ( ! pupil becom+ suffus$ ) blood1 on acc\nt ( "s corruption produc$ by weakness1 t ?+s all appe> ( a r$ col\r2 & !re=e ! /> appe>s s col\r$4 ,& ow+ to ! sight be+ weak5$1 !re results 9 x "s disp]sion ( ! _s1 s t ?+s d n appe> unit$1 b scatt]$1 almo/ 9 ! same way z our writ+ does on a wet piece ( pap]4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y _m p]sons1 :5 !y wi% to read1 remove ! pap] to "s di/ance f ! eyes1 9 ord] t ! image !re( may come )9 ! eye m easily & m subtly1 & !reby ! lett]+ is left impress$ on ! sight m di/9ctly & connect$ly4 ,= l reason ! /> also may appe> blurr$2 & ,i _h exp]i5ce ( ?is 9 ! same ye> 9 :i* ?is ,song 0 born1 =1 by try+ ! eyes v mu* 9 ! lab\r ( read+1 ! visual spirits 7 s weak5$ t ! />s all appe>$ to me to be blurr$ by "s :ite mi/3 & by means ( long repose 9 %ady & cool places1 & by cool+ ! ball ( ! eye ) spr+ wat]1 ,i re-unit$ ! scatt]$ p[]s1 :i* ,i re/or$ to _! =m] good condition4 ,& ?us1 = ! reasons m5tion$ above1 !re are _m visible causes :y ! /> c appe> to u diff]5t to :at x really is4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,leav+ ?is digression1 :i* has be5 ne$ful = see+ ! ,tru?1 ,i return to ! proposition1 & ,i say t1 z our eyes call1 t is1 judge1 ! /> o!r ?an x really is z to its true condition1 s ?is little ballad judg$ ?is ,lady accord+ to appe>ance1 o!r ?an ! ,tru?1 ?r\gh infirmity ( ! ,s\l1 :i* 0 impassion$ ) too mu* desire4 ,& ?is ,i make evid5t :5 ,i say t fe> possess$ h] s\l4 ,= ?is :i* ,i saw 9 h] pres5ce appe>$ fi]ce or pr\d to me4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t 9 proportion z ! ag5t is m closely unit$ to ! pati5t1 s mu* ! m p[]ful is ! passion1 z may be und]/ood f ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph] 9 8 book ,on ,g5]ation4 ,:]e=e 9 proportion z ! desir$ ?+ draws nigh to ! p]son :o desires x1 s mu* ! great] is ! desire2 & ! ,s\l1 m impassion$1 unites itself m closely to ! c>nal "p1 & ab&ons reason m & m2 s t ! individual no long] judges l a man1 b almo/ l "s o!r animal1 ev5 accord+ to appe>ance1 n disc]n+ ! ,tru?4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ! c\nt5ance1 mode/ accord+ to ! tru?1 appe>s disda9ful & pr\d 9 h]4 ,& t little ballad spoke1 accord+ to t judgm5t1 z s5sual & irrational at once4 ,& h]e9 x is suffici5tly und]/ood t ?is ,song judges ?is ,lady accord+ to ,tru?1 by ! disagreem5t :i* x has ) t o!r ,song ( h>mony betwe5 x & t ballad4 ,& n )\t reason ,i say1 ,:5 ,i come ne> to h] glance1 & n :5 %e comes )9 m9e4 ,b 9 ?is ,i wi% to express ! great p[] :i* h] eyes _h ov] me2 =1 z if ,i _h be5 transp>5t1 ?r\gh e "p _! light %one ?r\gh me4 ,& "h x w\ld be possible to assign reasons natural & sup]natural1 b let x suffice "h to h said z mu* z ,i h2 else:]e ,i w disc\rse ( x m suitably4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,be su* excuse all[$1 ,i impose on ! ,song in/ruction h[1 by ! assign$ reasons1 x may excuse itself !re :]e t is ne$ful1 namely1 :]e !re may be any suspicion ( ?is opposition2 = !re is no m to say1 except t :oev] may feel d\btful z to ! matt] :]e9 ?is ,song diff]s f ! o!r1 let him look at ! reason :i* has be5 "h /at$4 ,& su* a figure z ?is is q laudable 9 ,rhetoric1 & ev5 necess>y :5 ! words are to "o p]son & ! int5tion is to ano!r2 because x is always praisewor?y to admoni% & necess>y also2 b x is n always suitable 9 ! m\? ( e "o4 ,:]e=e1 :5 ! son is aw>e ( ! vice ( ! fa!r1 & :5 ! subject is aw>e ( ! vice ( ! "l1 & :5 ! fri5d kn[s t ! %ame ( 8 fri5d w\ld be increas$ to him by admonition f him1 :5 he kn[s t x w\ld detract f 8 hon\r1 or :5 he kn[s t 8 fri5d w\ld n be pati5t1 b enrag$ at ! admonition1 ?is figure is mo/ beautiful & mo/ useful4 ,y may t]m x dissimulation2 x is simil> to ! "w ( t wise w>rior :o attack$ ! ca/le on "o side 9 ord] to draw (f ! def5ce f ! o!r1 = ! attack & ! design ( ! comm&] are n aim$ at "o & ! same "p4 ,also1 ,i lay a comm& on ?is ,song1 t x ask p]mission ( ?is ,lady to speak ( h]2 :]eby "o may inf] t a man ought n to be presumptu\s 9 prais+ ano!r1 ought n to take x = grant$ 9 8 own m9d t x is pleas+ to ! p]son prais$1 because (t51 :5 "s "o believes he is be/[+ praise1 x is tak5 z blame1 ei!r ?r\gh defect ( ! speak] or ?r\gh defect ( him :o he>s4 ,:]e=e x is requisite to h mu* discretion 9 ?is matt]2 :i* discretion is tantam\nt to ask+ p]mission1 9 ! way 9 :i* ,i say t ?is ,song or ,poem %\ld ask = x4 ,& ?us ends ! :ole ,lit]al mean+ ( ?is treatise2 :]e=e ! ord] ( ! "w n[ requires ! ,allegorical exposition1 foll[+ ! ,tru?1 to be proce$$ )4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,return+ n[1 z ! ord] requires1 to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,song1 ,i say t ?is ,lady is t ,lady ( ! ,intellect :o is call$ ,philosophy4 ,b naturally praise excites a desire to "k ! p]son prais$2 & to "k ! ?+ may be to "k :at x is consid]$ to be 9 itself1 & 9 all t p]ta9s to x1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! book ,on ,physics2 & ! "n may reveal ?is :5 x be>s "s mean+1 z he says 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,metaphysics1 :]e x is said t ! def9ition is t reason :i* ! "n signifies4 ,"h1 !re=e1 x is necess>y1 be=e proce$+ f>!r ) h] praises1 to prove & to say :at ?is is t is call$ ,philosophy1 :at ?is "n signifies2 & :5 ?is has be5 demon/rat$1 ! pres5t ,allegory w be m efficaci\sly discuss$4 ,& fir/ ( all ,i w /ate :o fir/ gave ?is "n2 !n ,i %all proce$ to its signification4 ,i say1 !n1 t anci5tly 9 ,italy1 almo/ f ! beg9n+ ( ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 :i* 0 sev5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 a little m or less1 be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,savi\r1 accord+ z ,paul ,orosius writes1 ab\t ! "t ( ,numa ,pompilius1 second k+ ( ! ,romans1 !re liv$ a mo/ noble ,philosoph]1 :o 0 nam$ ,py?agoras4 ,& t he might be liv+ ab\t t "t appe>s f some?+ to :i* ,titus ,livius alludes incid5tally 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,hi/ory4 ,& be=e him !y 7 call$ ! foll[]s ( ,sci5ce1 n ,philosoph]s b ,wise ,m5 su* z 7 ^? ,sev5 mo/ anci5t ,wise ,m51 :o /ill live 9 popul> fame4 ,! fir/ ( !m _h ! "n ( ,solon1 ! second ,*ilon1 ! ?ird ,p]i&]1 ! f\r? ,talus1 ! fif? ,cleobulus1 ! six? ,bias1 ! sev5? ,pittacus4 ,py?agoras1 be+ ask$ if he 7 consid]$ to be a ,wise ,man1 reject$ ?is "n1 & /at$ himself to be n a ,wise ,man1 b a ,lov] ( ,wisdom4 ,& f ?is circum/ance x subsequ5tly arose t any man /udi\s to acquire k1 0 call$ a ,lov] ( ,wisdom1 t is1 a ,philosoph]2 = inasmu* z ,philo 9 ,greek is equival5t to ,love & sophia is equival5t to ,wisdom1 !re=e1 ,philo & sophia mean ! same z ,love ( ,wisdom4 ,:]e=e x is possible to see t ^? two words make t "n ,philosoph]1 :i* is z mu* z to say ,lov] ( ,wisdom4 ,!re=e x may be obs]v$ t x is n a t]m ( arrogance1 b ( humility4 ,f ?is sprang naturally ! ^w philosophy1 z f ! ^w fri5d spr+s naturally ! ^w fri5d%ip4 ,:]e=e x is possible to see1 consid]+ ! signification ( ! fir/ & second ^w1 t philosophy is no o!r ?an fri5d%ip to wisdom1 or r to k2 :]e=e to a c]ta9 degree x is possible to call e man a philosoph]1 accord+ to ! natural love :i* g5]ates a desire = k 9 ea* individual4 ,b s9ce ! natural passions are common to all m51 we d n specify ^? passions by "s di/9ctive ^w1 appli$ to "s individual :o %>es our common nature1 z :5 we say1 ,john is ! fri5d ( ,m>t91 we d n mean to signify m]ely ! natural love :i* all m5 be> to all m51 b we mean ! fri5d%ip f\nd$ ^u ! natural love :i* is di/9ct & peculi> to c]ta9 individuals4 ,?us we d n t]m any "o a philosoph] because ( ! love common to u all4 ,x is ! int5tion or mean+ ( ,ari/otle1 9 ! eigh? book ( ! ,e?ics1 t t man may be call$ a fri5d ^: fri5d%ip is n conceal$ f ! p]son belov$1 & to :om also ! belov$ p]son is a fri5d1 s t ! atta*m5t is mutual2 & ?is mu/ be s ei!r = mutual b5efit1 or = pleasure1 or = cr$it's sake4 ,& ?us1 9 ord] t a man may be a philosoph]1 x mu/ be love to ,wisdom :i* makes "o ( ! sides fri5dly2 x mu/ be /udy & c>e :i* make ! o!r side also fri5dly1 s t famili>ity & manife/ation ( b5evol5ce may spr+ up betwe5 !m2 because )\t love & )\t /udy "o _c be call$ a philosoph]1 b !re mu/ be bo? ! "o & ! o!r4 ,& z fri5d%ip = ! sake ( pleasure giv5 or = pr(it is n true fri5d%ip1 b accid5tal1 z ! ,e?ics demon/rate1 s philosophy = delight or pr(it is n true philosophy1 b accid5tal4 ,:]e=e "o ought n to call him a true philosoph] :o = "s pleasure or o!r may be a fri5d ( ,wisdom 9 "s degree2 ev5 z !re are _m :o take delight 9 repeat+ songs & 9 /udy+ ! same1 & :o delight 9 /udy+ ,rhetoric & ,music1 & :o avoid & ab&on ! o!r ,sci5ces1 :i* are all memb]s ( ,wisdom's body4 ,"o ought n to call him a true philosoph] :o is ! fri5d ( ,wisdom = ! sake ( pr(it2 su* z are ! ,lawy]s1 ,doctors1 & almo/ all ! ,religi\s ,m51 :o d n /udy = ! sake ( k1 b to acquire money or dignity2 & if any "o w\ld give !m t :i* !y seek to acquire1 !y w\ld n cont9ue to /udy4 ,& z among/ ! v>i\s k9ds ( fri5d%ip1 t :i* is = pr(it may be call$ ! meane/ fri5d%ip1 s su* m5 z ^! h less %>e 9 ! "n ( ,philosoph] ?an any o!r p4 ,:]e=e z ! fri5d%ip conceiv$ ?r\gh hone/ affection is true & p]fect & p]petual1 s is t philosophy true & p]fect :i* is g5]at$ by upright desire = k1 )\t reg>d to aught else1 & by ! goodness ( ! fri5dly s\l2 :i* is z mu* z to say1 by "r appetite & "r reason4 ,& x is possible to say "h t z true fri5d%ip among/ m5 is1 t ea* love ea* entirely1 s ! true ,philosoph] loves ea* "p ( ,wisdom1 & ,wisdom ea* "p ( ! ,philosoph]1 s z to draw him :olly to h]self1 & to all[ no ?\ght ( 8 to /ray away to o!r ?+s4 ,:]e=e ,wisdom h]self says 9 ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon1 ,i love ^? :o love me4 ,& z true fri5d%ip ( ! m9d1 consid]$ 9 itself alone1 has = its subject ! k ( good effects1 & = its =m ! desire = ! same1 ev5 s ,philosophy consid]$ 9 itself alone1 ap>t f ! ,s\l1 has und]/&+ = its subject1 & = its =m an almo/ div9e love to intellect4 ,& z ! effici5t cause ( true fri5d%ip is ,virtue1 s ! effici5t cause ( ,philosophy is ,tru?4 ,& z ! end ( true fri5d%ip is true affection1 :i* proce$s f ! int]c\rse prop] to ,humanity1 t is1 accord+ to ! dictates ( ,reason1 z ,ari/otle seems to ?9k 9 ! n9? book ( ! ,e?ics1 s ! end ( ,philosophy is t mo/ excell5t affection :i* suff]s no int]mission or defect1 t is1 ! true happ9ess :i* is acquir$ by ! contemplation ( ,tru?4 ,& ?us x is n[ possible to see :o ?is my ,lady is1 9 all h] causes & 9 h] :ole reason1 & :y %e is call$ ,philosophy2 & :o is a true ,philosoph]1 & :o is "o by accid5t4 ,b 9 "s f]v\r or heat ( m9d ! "o & ! o!r end ( ! acts & ( ! passions are call$ by ! ^w = ! act itself or ! passion2 z ,virgil does 9 ! second book ( ! neid1 :]e he calls ,hector1 ,oh1 light 7:i* 0 ! act7 & hope 7:i* is ! passion7 ( ! ,trojans3 = he 0 nei!r ! light nor ! hope1 b he 0 ! end :5ce came to !m _! light 9 c\ncil1 & he 0 ! end 9 :i* 0 repos$ _! hope ( safety2 z ,/atius writes 9 ! fif? book ( ! ,!baid1 :5 ,hypsipyle says to ,ar*emorus1 ,oh1 consolation ( ?+s & ( ! lo/ c\ntry6 oh1 hon\r ( my s]vitude6 ev5 z we say daily1 %[+ ! fri5d1 ,see my fri5d%ip2 & ! fa!r says to ! son1 ,my love2 & s x is t1 ?r\gh long cu/om1 ! ,sci5ces1 9 :i* mo/ f]v5tly ,philosophy f9ds ! end to :i* %e looks1 are call$ by h] "n1 su* z ! ,natural ,sci5ce1 ! ,moral ,sci5ce1 & ! ,metaphysical ,sci5ce1 :i* la/1 because mo/ necess>ily %e looks to h] end 9 t *iefly & mo/ f]v5tly1 is call$ ! ,fir/ ,philosophy4 ,n[1 !re=e1 s9ce x has be5 se5 :at ! true ,philosophy is 9 its ess5ce2 :i* is t ,lady ( :om ,i speak2 h[ h] noble "n ?r\gh cu/om is communicat$ to ! ,sci5ces1 & ! fir/ sci5ce is call$ ! ,fir/ ,philosophy1 ,i may proce$ fur!r ) h] praise4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is treatise ! reason :i* mov$ me to ?is ,song is s fully discuss$ t x is no long] necess>y to discuss x fur!r1 = "o c easily en\gh recall to m9d :at has be5 said 9 ?is exposition3 & !re=e1 foll[+ ! divisions made = ! ,lit]al mean+1 ,i %all run ?r\gh ! ,song1 turn+ back to ! s5se ( ! lett] :]e x may be ne$ful4 ,i say1 ,love1 reason+ ( my ,lady 9 my m9d4 ,by ,love ,i mean ! lab\r & pa9s ,i took to acquire ! love ( ?is ,lady4 ,if "o wi%es to "k :at lab\r1 x c be "h consid]$ 9 two ways4 ,!re is "o /udy :i* leads ! man to ! daily use ( ,art & ,sci5ce2 !re is ano!r /udy :i* he w employ 9 ! acquir$ use4 ,! fir/ is t :i* ,i call ,love1 :i* fills my m9d cont9ually ) new & mo/ exalt$ ideas ( ?is ,lady3 ev5 z ! anxi\s pa9s :i* "o takes to acquire a fri5d%ip are wont to d2 =1 :5 desir+ t fri5d%ip1 a man is wont to take anxi\s ?\ght conc]n+ x4 ,?is is t /udy & t affection :i* usually prec$es 9 m5 ! begett+ ( ! fri5d%ip1 :5 already on "o side ,love is born1 & desires & /rives t x may be on ! o!r2 =1 z is said above1 ,philosophy is born :5 ! ,s\l & ,wisdom h become fri5ds1 s t ! "o is lov$ by ! o!r4 ,nei!r is x aga9 ne$ful to discuss t fir/ /anza 9 ! pres5t explanation1 :i* 0 reason$ out z ! ,proem 9 ! ,lit]al exposition2 s9ce1 f ! fir/ argum5t !re(1 x is easy en\gh to make out ! mean+ 9 ?is ! second "o4 ,we may proce$1 !n1 to ! second "p1 :i* beg9s ! treatise1 & to t place :]e ,i say1 ,! ,sun sees n 9 travel r\nd ! ,e>?4 ,"h x is to be kn[n t z1 :5 disc\rs+ ( a s5sible ?+1 "o h&les x suitably by means ( an ins5sible ?+1 s ( an intelligible ?+1 "o fitly argues by means ( an un9telligible4 ,9 ! ,lit]al s5se "o speaks ( ! ,sun z a sub/antial & s5sible body2 s n[ x is fit1 by image ( ! ,sun1 to disc\rse ( ! ,spiritual & ,un9telligible1 t is1 ,god4 ,!re is no visible ?+ 9 all ! _w m wor?y to s]ve z a type ( ,god ?an ! ,sun1 :i* illum9ates ) visible light itself fir/1 & !n all ! cele/ial & elem5tal bodies4 ,?us1 ,god illum9ates ,himself fir/ ) intellectual light1 & !n ! cele/ial & o!r intelligible be+s4 ,! ,sun vivifies all ?+s ) 8 heat1 & if any?+ is de/roy$ !reby1 x is n by ! int5tion ( ! cause1 b x is an accid5tal effect3 ?us ,god vivifies all ?+s 9 ,8 ,goodness1 &1 if any suff] evil1 x is n by ! ,div9e int5tion1 b ! effect is accid5tal4 ,=1 if ,god made ! ,angels good & evil1 ,he did n make bo? by int5tion1 b ,he made ! good only2 !re foll[$ aft]w>ds1 beyond ,8 int5tion1 ! wick$ness ( ! evil ones2 b n s f> beyond ,8 int5tion t ,god c\ld n =ekn[ 9 ,himself _! wick$ness2 b s great 0 ! lov+ desire to produce ! ,spiritual creature t ! =ekn[l$ge t "s w\ld come to a bad end nei!r c\ld nor %\ld prev5t ,god f cont9u+ ! production2 z x w\ld n be to ! praise ( ,nature if1 kn[+ ( h]self t ! fl[]s ( a tree 9 a c]ta9 "p mu/ p]i%1 %e %\ld refuse to produce fl[]s on t tree1 & %\ld ab&on ! production ( fruit-be>+ trees z va9 & useless4 ,i say1 !n1 t ,god1 :o encircles & und]/&s all1 9 ,8 encircl+ & ,8 und]/&+ sees no?+ s g5tle1 s noble1 z ,he sees :5 ,he %9es on ?is ,philosophy4 ,=1 al?\gh ,god ,himself1 behold+1 may see all ?+s toge!r1 inasmu* z ! di/9ction ( ?+s is 9 ,him 9 ! same way z ! effect is 9 ! cause1 yet ,he sees ^? ?+s also ap>t & di/9ct4 ,he sees1 !n1 ?is ,lady ! mo/ noble ( all absolutely1 inasmu* z mo/ p]fectly ,he sees h] 9 ,himself & 9 h] ess5ce4 ,if :at has be5 said above be recall$ to m9d1 ,philosophy is a lov+ use ( ,wisdom2 :i* especially is 9 ,god1 because 9 ,him is ,supreme ,wisdom1 & ,supreme ,love1 & ,supreme ,action2 :i* _c be else:]e except inasmu* z x proce$s f ,him4 ,x is1 !n1 ! ,div9e ,philosophy ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 s9ce 9 ,him no?+ c be t is n "p ( ,8 ,ess5ce2 & x is mo/ noble1 because ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is mo/ noble1 & x is 9 ,him 9 a mann] p]fect & true1 z if by et]nal w$lock2 x is 9 ! o!r ,intellig5ces 9 a less degree1 z if platonic1 z if a virg9 love f :om no lov] receives full & complete joy1 b cont5ts himself by gaz+ on ! beauty ( h] c\nt5ance4 ,:]e=e x is possible to say t ,god sees n1 t ,he does n int5tly reg>d1 any?+ s noble z ?is ,lady2 ,i say any?+1 inasmu* z ,he sees & di/+ui%es ! o!r ?+s1 z has be5 said1 see+ ,himself to be ! cause ( all4 ,oh1 mo/ noble & mo/ excell5t he>t1 :i* is at peace 9 ! bride ( ! ,rul] ( ,heav52 & n bride only1 b si/]1 & ! daught] belov$ above all o!rs4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,hav+ se5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! praises ( ?is ,lady h[ subtly x is said t %e is ( ! ,div9e ,sub/ance1 z 0 fir/ to be consid]$1 we proce$ n[ to consid] h] z %e is 9 ! ,intellig5ces t proce$ !nce4 ,all m9ds ( ,heav5 wond] at h] wor?1 :]e x is to be kn[n t ,i say1 m9ds ( ,heav51 mak+ t allusion to ,god :i* has be5 m5tion$ above2 & f ?is "o excludes ! ,intellig5ces :o are exil$ f ! et]nal c\ntry1 :o c nev] /udy ,philosophy1 because love 9 !m is entirely ext9ct1 & = ! /udy ( ,philosophy1 z has be5 already said1 ,love is necess>y4 ,"o sees1 !re=e1 t ! spirits ( ,hell are depriv$ ( ! sight ( ?is mo/ beautiful ,lady2 &1 s9ce %e is ! bless+ ( ! intellect1 ! deprivation ( h] is mo/ bitt] & full ( e sadness4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,mortals1 enam\r$1 f9d h] 9 _! ?\ght1 ,i desc5d to %[ h[ %e also may come into ! ,human ,intellig5ce 9 a second>y degree2 ) :i* ,human ,philosophy ,i !n proce$ ?r\gh ! treatise1 prais+ x4 ,i say1 !n1 t ! mortals :o f9d h] 9 _! ?\ght 9 ?is life d n always f9d h] !re1 b only ,:5 ,love 8 peace into _! he>ts has br\ght2 :]e9 !re are to be se5 ?ree po9ts :i* are allud$ to 9 ?is text4 ,! fir/ is :5 "o says1 ,mortals1 enam\r$1 because x seems to make a di/9ction 9 ! human race1 & ( necessity x mu/ be made2 =1 accord+ to :at manife/ly appe>s1 & :i* 9 ! foll[+ treatise w be specially reason$ out1 ! greate/ "p ( m5 live m accord+ to ! ,s5se ?an accord+ to ,reason2 & ^? :o live accord+ to ! ,s5se c nev] be enam\r$ ( ?is ,lady1 s9ce ( h] !y c h no appreh5sion :atev]4 ,! second po9t is :5 x says1 ,:5 ,love 8 peace into _! m9ds has br\ght1 :]e x appe>s to make a di/9ction ( "t4 ,& t is necess>y2 =1 al?\gh ! sep>ate ,intellig5ces gaze at ?is ,lady cont9ually1 ! ,human ,intellig5ce _c d s2 s9ce ,human ,nature1 besides t :i* gives delight to ! ,intellect & ! ,reason1 has ne$ ( _m ?+s requisite = its support :i* contemplation _c furni% =?4 ,!re=e our ,wisdom is sometimes habitual only1 & n actual2 & ?is does n happ5 to ! o!r ,intellig5ces1 :i* alone are p]fect 9 _! intellectual nature4 ,& s1 :5 our s\l is n 9 ! act ( contemplation1 "o _c truly say t x is 9 ,philosophy1 except inasmu* z x has ! habit ( x1 & ! p[] ( be+ able to ar\se x2 sometimes1 !re=e1 %e is ) ! p :o are enam\r$ ( h] "h bel[1 & sometimes n4 ,! ?ird po9t is1 :5 x speaks ( ! "t :5 ^? p are ) h]1 namely1 :5 ,love has br\ght into _! m9ds 8 peace2 :i* means no o!r ?an :5 ! man is 9 ! act ( contemplation1 s9ce he does n /rive to feel ! peace ( t ,lady except 9 ! act ( contemplation4 ,& ?us "o sees h[ ?is ,lady is fir/ly 9 ! ,m9d ( ,god1 secondly 9 ! o!r sep>ate ,intellig5ces ?r\gh cont9ual contemplation1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! human intellect ?r\gh int]pret$ contemplation4 ,b ! man :o has h] = 8 ,lady is ev] to be t]m$ a ,philosoph]1 not)/&+ t he may n be always 9 ! f9al act ( ,philosophy1 = x is usual to "n o!r m5 aft] _! habits4 ,:]e=e we call any man virtu\s1 n m]ely :5 p]=m+ virtu\s actions1 b f hav+ ! habit or cu/om ( virtue4 ,& we call a man eloqu5t1 ev5 :5 he is n speak+1 f 8 habit ( eloqu5ce1 t is1 ( speak+ well4 ,& ( ?is ,philosophy1 9 :i* ,human ,intellig5ce has "p1 !re w n[ be ! foll[+ encomiums to prove h[ great a "p ( h] good gifts is be/[$ on ,human ,nature4 ,i say1 !n1 aft]w>ds3 ,h] ,mak] saw t %e 0 good1 & p\r$1 ,beyond our ,nature1 fulness ( ,8 ,p[] ,on h] pure ,s\l1 :5ce %one ?is holy d[] ,?r\gh all h] frame4 ,= ! capacity ( our ,nature is subdu$ by x1 :i* x makes beautiful & virtu\s4 ,:]e=e1 al?\gh into ! habit ( t ,lady "o may some:at come1 x is n possible to say t any "o :o ent]s !re9to prop]ly has t habit2 s9ce ! fir/ /udy1 t :]eby ! habit is begott51 _c p]fectly acquire t philosophy4 ,& "h "o sees h] l[ly praise2 =1 p]fect or imp]fect1 %e nev] loses ! "n ( p]fection4 ,& because ( ?is h] surpass+ excell5ce1 x says t ! ,s\l ( ,philosophy %one ,?r\gh all h] frame1 t is1 t ,god ev] imp>ts to h] ( ,8 ,light4 ,"h we may recall to m9d :at is said above1 t ,love is a =m ( ,philosophy1 & !re=e "h is call$ h] ,s\l2 :i* ,love is manife/ 9 ! use ( ,wisdom1 & su* use br+s ) x a wond]ful beauty1 t is to say1 cont5tm5t "u any condition ( ! "t1 & contempt = ^? ?+s :i* o!r m5 make _! ma/]s4 ,:]e=e x happ5s t ^? o!r unhappy ones :o gaze !reon1 & ?9k ov] _! own defects f ! desire = p]fection1 fall into ! we>9ess ( sighs2 & ?is is meant :]e x says3 ,t f ! eyes %e t\*es h]alds fly ,he>tw>d ) long+s1 heav5w>d ) a sigh4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,z 9 ! ,lit]al exposition1 aft] ! g5]al praises "o desc5ds to ! especial1 fir/ly on ! "p ( ! ,s\l1 !n on ! "p ( ! body1 s n[ ! text proce$s aft] ! g5]al encomium to desc5d to ! especial comm5dation4 ,z x is said above1 ,philosophy "h has ,wisdom = its mat]ial subject & ,love = its =m1 & ! habit ( contemplation = ! union ( ! two4 ,:]e=e 9 ?is passage :i* subsequ5tly beg9s1 ,on h] fair =m ,virtue ,div9e desc5ds1 ,i mean to praise ,love1 :i* is "p ( ,philosophy4 ,"h x is to be kn[n t = a virtue to desc5d f "o ?+ into ano!r !re is no o!r way ?an to r$uce t ?+ into its own similitude2 z we see evid5tly 9 ! natural ag5ts1 = _! virtue desc5d+ into ! ?+s t are ! pati5ts1 !y br+ ^? ?+s into _! similitude z f> z !y are able to atta9 x4 ,we see t ! ,sun1 p\r+ 8 rays d[n on ?is ,e>?1 r$uces ! ?+s !reon to 8 own similitude ( light 9 proportion z !y by _! own disposition are able to receive light ( 8 light4 ,?us1 ,i say t ,god r$uces ?is ,love to ,8 own ,similitude z mu* z x is possible = x to be> lik5ess to ,him4 ,& x alludes to ! nature ( ! creative act1 say+1 ,z on ! ,angel t beholds ,8 face4 ,:]e aga9 x is to be kn[n t ! fir/ ,ag5t1 :o is ,god1 pa9ts ,8 ,virtue on "s ?+s by means ( direct radiance1 & on "s ?+s by means ( reflect$ spl5d\r2 :]e=e into ! sep>ate ,intellig5ces ! ,div9e ,light %9es )\t any int]pos+ m$ium2 into ! o!rs x is reflect$ f ^? ,intellig5ces :i* 7 fir/ illum9$4 ,b s9ce m5tion is "h made ( ,light & ,spl5d\r1 = ! m p]fect und]/&+ !re( ,i w %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? words1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,avic5na4 ,i say t x is ! cu/om ( ,philosoph]s to speak ( ,heav5 z ,light1 inasmu* z ,light is !re 9 its primeval ,spr+1 or its fir/ orig94 ,!y speak ( x z a ray ( ,light :ile x passes ?r\gh ! m$ium f its s\rce into ! fir/ body 9 :i* x has its end2 !y call x ,spl5d\r :]e x is reflect$ back f "s "p t has receiv$ illum9ation4 ,i say1 !n1 t ! ,div9e ,virtue or ,p[] draws ?is ,love into ,its ,own ,similitude )\t any int]pos+ m$ium4 ,& x is possible to make ?is evid5t1 especially 9 ?is1 t z ! ,div9e ,love is ,et]nal1 s mu/ its object ( necessity be et]nal1 s t ^? ?+s are et]nal :i* ,he loves4 ,& ?us x makes ?is ,love to love1 = ! ,wisdom into :i* ?is ,love /rikes is et]nal4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 ( h]3 ,f ! beg9n+1 be=e ,"t 0 creat$1 ,i am3 & 9 ! ,"t to come ,i %all n fail4 ,& 9 ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon ?is ,wisdom says3 ,i am e/abli%$ = ev]4 ,& 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel ( ,john1 h] et]nity is op5ly allud$ to1 z x is possible to obs]ve4 ,& !re=e x results t !re1 :]e ?is ,love %9es1 all ! o!r ,loves become obscure & almo/ ext9ct1 s9ce its et]nal object subdues & ov]p[]s all o!r objects 9 a mann] beyond all comp>ison2 & !re=e ! mo/ excell5t ,philosoph]s 9 _! actions op5ly demon/rate x1 :]eby we "k t !y h treat$ all o!r ?+s ) indiff]5ce except ,wisdom4 ,:]e=e ,democritus1 neglect+ all c>e ( 8 own p]son1 trimm$ nei!r 8 be>d1 nor ! hair ( 8 head1 nor 8 nails4 ,plato1 indiff]5t to ! ri*es ( ?is _w1 despis$ ! royal dignity1 = he 0 ! son ( a k+4 ,ari/otle1 c>+ = no o!r fri5d1 combat$ ) 8 own be/ fri5d1 ev5 ) ! above-nam$ ,plato1 8 de>e/ fri5d aft] ,philosophy4 ,& :y d we speak ( ^!1 :5 we f9d o!rs :o1 = ^! ?\ghts1 held _! life 9 contempt1 su* z ,z5o1 ,socrates1 ,s5eca1 & _m m8 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t 9 ?is ,love ! ,div9e ,p[]1 aft] ! mann] ( an ,angel1 desc5ds into m52 & to give pro( ( ?is1 ! text pres5tly exclaims3 ,fair "o :o d\bt1 g ) h]1 m>k ! grace ,9 all h] acts4 ,by ,fair "o is meant ! noble s\l ( judgm5t1 free 9 its own p[]1 :i* is ,reason2 h5ce ! o!r s\ls _c be call$ ,ladies1 b h&maids1 s9ce !y are n = !mselves1 b = o!rs2 & ! ,philosoph] says1 9 ! fir/ book ( ,metaphysics1 t t ?+ is free :i* is a cause ( itself & n = o!rs4 ,x says1 g ) h]1 m>k ! grace ,9 all h] acts1 t is1 make ?yself ! companion ( ?is ,love1 & look at t :i* w be f\nd )9 x2 & 9 "p x alludes to ?is1 say+1 ,d[nw>d f ,heav5 b5ds ,an ,angel :5 %e speaks1 mean+ t :]e ,philosophy is 9 action a cele/ial ?\ght /oops d[n1 9 :i* ?is be+ reasons or disc\rses beyond ! p[] ( ,human ,nature4 ,! ,song says f ,heav51 to give p to und]/& t n only ,philosophy1 b ! ?\ghts fri5dly to x1 are ab/ract$ f all l[ & e>?ly ?+s4 ,!n aft]w>ds x says h[ %e /r5g!ns & k9dles love :]ev] %e appe>s ) ! sweet p]suasions ( h] actions1 :i* are 9 all h] aspects mode/1 g5tle1 & )\t any dom9e]+ assumption4 ,& subsequ5tly1 by /ill great] p]suasion to induce a desire = h] company1 x says3 ,fair 9 all l h]1 faire/ %e'll appe> ,:o is mo/ l h]4 ,aga9 x adds3 ,we1 cont5t to call ,h] face a ,miracle1 f9d help 9 x1 :]e x is to be kn[n t ! reg>d ( ?is ,lady 0 freely orda9$ to ar\se a desire 9 u = its acquisition1 n only 9 h] c\nt5ance1 :i* %e reveals to sight1 b also 9 ! ?+s :i* %e keeps hidd54 ,:]e=e z1 ?r\gh h]1 mu* ( t :i* is hidd5 is se5 by means ( ,reason 7& consequ5tly to see by ,reason )\t h] seems a miracle71 s1 ?r\gh h]1 "o believes ea* miracle 9 ! action ( a high] intellectual ,p[] to h reason1 & !re=e to be possible4 ,f :5ce true ,fai? has its orig91 f :i* comes ! ,hope to desire ! ,future1 & f t are born ! works ( ,*>ity1 by :i* ?ree ,virtues we m\nt to become ,philosoph]s 9 t cele/ial ,a!ns :]e ,/oics1 ,p]ipatetics1 & ,epicureans1 by ! practice ( ,et]nal ,tru?1 concur h>moni\sly 9 "o desire4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] ?is glori\s ,lady is prais$ accord+ to "o ( h] compon5t p>ts1 t is1 ,love4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i int5d to expla9 t passage :i* beg9s1 ,h] aspect %[s delights ( ,p>adise1 & "h x is requisite to discuss & praise h] o!r "p1 ,wisdom4 ,! text !n says t 9 ! face ( ?is ,lady ?+s appe> :i* %[ u joys ( ,p>adise2 & x di/+ui%es ! place :]e ?is appe>s1 namely1 9 ! eyes & ! smile4 ,& "h x mu/ be kn[n t ! eyes ( ,wisdom are h] demon/rations1 :]eby "o sees ! ,tru? mo/ c]ta9ly2 b h] p]suasions are 9 h] smile1 9 :i* p]suasions ! inn] ,light ( ,wisdom reveals itself )\t any veil or concealm5t4 ,& 9 ^! two is felt t mo/ exalt$ joy :i* is ! supreme good 9 ,p>adise4 ,?is joy _c be 9 any o!r ?+ "h bel[1 except 9 gaz+ into ^! eyes & ^u t smile4 ,& ! reason is ?is1 t s9ce ea* ?+ naturally desires its p]fection1 )\t :i* x _c be at peace1 to h t is to be bless$4 ,= al?\gh x might possess all o!r ?+s1 yet1 be+ )\t t1 !re w\ld rema9 9 x desire1 :i* _c consi/ ) p]fect happ9ess1 s9ce p]fect happ9ess is a p]fect ?+1 & desire is a defective ?+4 ,= "o desires n t :i* he has1 b t :i* he has n1 & "h is a manife/ defect4 ,& 9 ?is =m solely c human p]fection be acquir$1 z ! p]fection ( ,reason1 on :i*1 z on its pr9cipal "p1 our ess5tial be+ all dep5ds4 ,all our o!r actions1 z to feel or he>1 to take food1 & ! re/1 are ?r\gh ?is "o alone2 & ?is is = itself1 & n = o!rs4 ,s t1 if t be p]fect1 x is s p]fect t ! man1 inasmu* z he is a man1 sees ea* desire fulfill$1 & ?us he is happy4 ,& !re=e x is said 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom3 ,:oso ca/e? away ,wisdom & ,k is unhappy1 t is to say1 he suff]s ! privation ( happ9ess4 ,f ! habit ( ,wisdom x foll[s t a man le>ns to be happy & cont5t1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph]4 ,"o sees1 !n1 h[ 9 ! aspect ( ?is ,lady joys ( ,p>adise appe>1 & !re=e "o reads 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom quot$ above1 :5 speak+ ( h]1 ,%e is a %9+ :it5ess ( ! ,et]nal ,light2 a ,mirror )\t blemi%1 ( ! ,maje/y ( ,god4 ,!n :5 x says1 ,?+s ov] :i* ! intellect may /ray1 ,i excuse myself1 say+ t ,i c say b little conc]n+ ^!1 on acc\nt ( _! ov]p[]+ influ5ce4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t 9 any way ^! ?+s dazzle our intellect1 inasmu* z !y affirm c]ta9 ?+s to be1 :i* our intellect is unable to compreh5d1 t is1 ,god & ,et]nity1 & ! fir/ ,matt] :i* mo/ c]ta9ly !y d n see1 & ) all fai? !y believe to be4 ,& ev5 :at !y are we _c und]/&2 & s1 by n d5y+ ?+s1 x is possible to draw ne> to "s k ( !m1 b n o!rwise4 ,truly "h x is possible to h "s v /rong d\bt h[ x is t ,wisdom c make ! man completely happy )\t be+ able to %[ him c]ta9 ?+s p]fectly2 s9ce ! natural desire = k is 9 ! man1 & )\t fulfilm5t ( ! desire he _c be fully happy4 ,to ?is x is possible to reply cle>ly1 t ! natural desire 9 ea* ?+ is 9 proportion to ! possibility ( rea*+ to ! ?+ desir$2 o!rwise x w\ld pass into opposition to itself1 :i* is impossible2 & ,nature w\ld h work$ 9 va91 :i* also is impossible4 ,x w\ld pass into opposition1 =1 desir+ its p]fection1 x w\ld desire its imp]fection1 s9ce he w\ld desire always to desire1 & nev] fulfil 8 desire4 ,& into ?is error ! curs$ mis] falls1 & does n p]ceive t he desires always to desire1 go+ backw>ds to rea* to an impossible am\nt4 ,nature also w\ld h work$ 9 va91 s9ce x w\ld n be orda9$ to any end2 &1 9 fact1 human desire is proportion$ 9 ?is life to t k :i* x is possible to h "h4 ,"o _c pass t po9t except ?r\gh error1 :i* is outside ! natural int5tion4 ,& ?us x is proportion$ 9 ! ,angelic1 & x is limit$ 9 ,human ,nature1 & x f9ds its end 9 t ,wisdom 9 proportion z ! nature ( ea* c appreh5d x4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y ! ,sa9ts h no envy among/ !mselves1 s9ce ea* "o atta9s ! end ( 8 desire1 & ! desire ( ea* is 9 due proportion to ! nature ( 8 goodness4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce to "k ,god & c]ta9 o!r ?+s1 z ,et]nity & ! fir/ ,matt]1 is n possible to our ,nature1 naturally we h no desire = t k1 & h]eby is ?is d\btful "q solv$4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,ra9 f h] beauty little flames ( fire1 ,i proce$ to ano!r joy ( ,p>adise1 t is1 f ! second>y felicity1 happ9ess1 to ?is fir/ "o1 :i* proce$s f h] beauty1 :]e x is to be kn[n t ,morality is ! beauty ( ,philosophy4 ,= z ! beauty ( ! body is ! result ( its memb]s 9 proportion z !y are fitly ord]$1 s ! beauty ( ,wisdom1 :i* is ! body ( ,philosophy1 z has be5 said1 results f ! ord] ( ! ,moral ,virtues :i* visibly make t joy4 ,& !re=e ,i say t h] beauty1 :i* is ,morality1 ra9s d[n little flames ( fire1 mean+ direct desire1 :i* is begott5 9 ! pleasure ( ! ,moral ,doctr9e2 :i* desire removes x aga9 f ! natural vices1 & n only f ! o!rs4 ,& !nce spr+s t happ9ess :i* ,ari/otle def9$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ,e?ics1 say+1 t x is ,"w accord+ to ,virtue 9 ! ,p]fect ,life4 ,& :5 x says1 ,fair "o1 :o may desire ,escape f blame1 x proce$s 9 praise ( ,philosophy4 ,i cry al\d to ! p t !y %\ld foll[ h]1 tell+ !m ( h] good gifts1 t is to say1 t by foll[+ h] ea* "o may become good4 ,!re=e x says to ea* ,s\l1 t feels its beauty is to blame because x does n appe> :at x ought to appe>1 let h] look at ?is example4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t ! ,morals are ! beauty ( ! ,s\l1 t is to say1 ! mo/ excell5t virtues1 :i* sometimes ?r\gh vanity or ?r\gh pride are made less beautiful or less agreeable1 z 9 ! la/ treatise x 0 possible to p]ceive4 ,& !re=e ,i say t1 9 ord] to %un ?is1 "o looks at t ,lady1 ,philosophy1 !re :]e %e is ! example ( ,humility1 namely1 9 t "p ( h]self :i* is call$ ,moral ,philosophy4 ,& ,i subjo9 t by gaz+ at h] 7,i say1 at ,wisdom7 9 t "p1 e vici\s man w become upright & good4 ,& !re=e ,i say %e has a _s to create ,good ?\ghts1 & cru% ! vices4 ,%e turns g5tly back him :o has gone a/ray f ! "r c\rse4 ,f9ally1 9 highe/ praise ( ,wisdom1 ,i say ( h] t %e is ! ,"m ( e good ,pr9ciple1 say+ t %e is ,god's ?\ght1 :o began ! ,_w1 & especially ! movem5t ( ! ,heav5 by :i* all ?+s are g5]at$1 & :]e9 ea* movem5t has its orig91 t is to say1 t ! ,div9e ,?\ght is ,wisdom4 ,%e 01 :5 ,god made ! ,_w2 :5ce x foll[s t %e c\ld make x1 & !re=e ,solomon said 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs1 9 ! p]son ( ,wisdom3 ,:5 ,he prep>$ ! ,heav5s1 ,i 0 !re3 :5 ,he set a compass ^u ! face ( ! dep?2 :5 ,he e/abli%$ ! cl\ds above2 :5 ,he /r5g!n$ ! f\nta9s ( ! deep2 :5 ,he gave to ! sea ,8 decree1 t ! wat]s %\ld n pass ,8 comm&m5t2 :5 ,he appo9t$ ! f\ndations ( ! ,e>?3 !n ,i 0 by ,him1 z "o br\ght up ) ,him1 & ,i 0 daily ,8 delight1 rejoic+ always be=e ,him4 ,o1 ye ,m51 worse ?an dead1 :o fly f ! fri5d%ip ( ,wisdom1 op5 y\r eyes1 & see t be=e y 7 %e 0 ! ,lov] ( y1 prep>+ & orda9+ ! process ( y\r be+6 ,s9ce y 7 made %e came t %e might guide y1 came to y 9 y\r own lik5ess2 &1 if all ( y _c come into h] pres5ce1 hon\r h] 9 h] fri5ds1 & foll[ _! c\nsels1 z ( !m :o ann\nce to y ! w ( ?is et]nal ,empress6 ,close n y\r e>s to ,solomon1 :o tells y ! pa? ( ! ,j is z a %9+ ,light1 :i* goe? =? & increase? ev5 to ! day ( salvation4 ,foll[ aft] !m1 behold _! works1 :i* ought to be to y z a beacon ( light = guidance 9 ! pa? ( ?is mo/ brief life4 ,& "h we may close ! ,comm5t>y on ! true mean+ ( ! pres5t ,song4 ,! la/ /anza1 :i* is int5d$ = a refra91 c be expla9$ easily en\gh by ! ,lit]al exposition1 except inasmu* z x says t ,i !re call$ ?is ,lady disda9ful & morose4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t at ! beg9n+ ?is ,philosophy appe>$ to me on ! "p ( h] body1 :i* is ,wisdom1 morose1 = %e smil$ n on me1 insomu* t z yet ,i did n und]/& h] p]suasions2 & %e seem$ to me disda9ful1 = %e turn$ n h] glance to me1 t is to say1 ,i c\ld n see h] demon/rations4 ,b ! defect 0 altoge!r on my side4 ,f ?is1 & f t :i* is giv5 9 ! explanation ( ! ,lit]al mean+ ( ! ,song1 ! ,allegory ( ! refra9 is evid5t4 ,x is "t1 !re=e1 t we proce$ f>!r1 & ?is treatise end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,f\r? ,treatise ,s(t rhymes ( love ,i us$ to f9d ,)9 my ?\ght1 ,i n[ mu/ leave1 ,n )\t hope to turn to !m aga92 ,b signs ( a disda9ful m9d ,t 9 my ,lady ,i p]ceive ,h clos$ ! way to my accu/om$ /ra94 ,& s9ce "t suits me n[ to wait1 ,i put away ! s(t] /yle ,prop] to love2 rhyme subtle & sev]e ,%all tell h[ ,nobleman's e/ate ,is won by wor?1 hold false & vile ,! judgm5t t f weal? d]ives a ,pe]4 ,fir/ call+ on t ,"l ,:o dwells )9 h] eyes1 ,conta9+ :om1 my ,lady le>nt ,h]self to love & prize4 ,"o rais$ to ,empire held1 ,z f> z he c\ld see1 ,desc5t ( weal?1 & g5]\s ways1 ,to make ,nobility4 ,ano!r1 lightly wise1 ,t say+ turn$ aside1 ,p]*ance = want ( g5]\s ways ,! second s\rce d5i$4 ,& foll[]s ( him ,are all ! m5 :o rate ,^? noble 9 ^: families ,! weal? has long be5 great4 ,& s long among u ,! falsehood has _h sway1 ,t m5 call him a ,nobleman1 ,?\gh wor?less1 :o c say4 ,i nephew am1 or son1 ,( "o wor? su* a sum2 ,b he :o sees ! ,tru? may "k ,h[ vile he has become ,to :om ! ,tru? 0 %[n1 ,:o f ! ,tru? has fl$1 ,& ?\gh he walks ^u ! e>? ,is c\nt$ ) ! dead3 ,:oev] %all def9e ,! man a liv+ tree ,w speak untru? & less ?an tru?1 ,?\gh m he may n see4 ,! ,emp]or s err$2 ,fir/ set ! false 9 view1 ,proce$+1 on ! o!r side1 ,to :at 0 less ?an true4 ,= ri*es make n wor? ,al?\gh !y c defile3 ,nor c _! want take wor? away3 ,!y are by nature vile4 ,no pa9t] gives a =m ,t is n ( 8 kn[+2 ,no t[] leans above a /ream ,t f> away is fl[+4 ,h[ vile & incomplete ,weal? is1 let ?is decl>e ,h[ev] great ! heap may be ,x br+s no peace1 b c>e4 ,& h5ce ! upright m9d1 ,to its own purpose true1 ,/&s firm al?\gh ! flood ( weal? ,sweep onw>d out ( view ,!y w n h ! vile ,turn noble1 nor desc5t ,f p>5t vile produce a race ,= ev] em95t4 ,yet ?is1 !y say1 c be1 ,_! reason halts beh9d1 ,s9ce "t !y suit to noble bir? ,by c\rse ( "t def9$4 ,x foll[s !n f ?is ,t all are high or base1 ,or t 9 ,"t !re nev] 0 ,beg9n+ to our race4 ,b t ,i _c hold1 ,nor yet1 if ,*ri/ians1 !y2 ,s\nd intellect reproves _! words ,z false1 & turns away4 ,& n[ ,i seek to tell1 ,z x appe>s to me1 ,:at is1 :5ce comes1 :at signs atte/ ,a true ,nobility4 ,i say t f "o root ,ea* ,virtue fir/ly spr+s1 ,virtue1 ,i mean1 t ,happ9ess ,to man1 by action1 br+s4 ,?is1 z ! ,e?ics tea*1 ,is habit ( "r *oice ,t holds ! means betwe5 extremes1 ,s spake t noble voice4 ,nobility by "r ,no o!r s5se has _h ,?an to import its subject's good1 ,z vil5ess makes him bad4 ,su* virtue %[s its good ,to o!rs' intellect1 ,= :5 two ?+s agree 9 "o1 ,produc+ "o effect4 ,"o mu/ f o!r come1 ,or ea* "o f a ?ird1 ,if ea* be z ea*1 & m1 !n "o ,f ! o!r is inf]r$4 ,:]e ,virtue is1 !re is ,a ,nobleman1 al?\gh ,n :]e !re is a ,nobleman ,mu/ ,virtue be also4 ,s likewise t is ,heav5 ,:]e9 a /> is hung1 ,b ,heav5 may be />less2 s ,9 wom5 & ! "y ,a mode/y is se51 ,n virtue1 noble yet2 ,comes virtue f :at's noble1 z ,f black comes violet2 ,or f ! p>5t root ,x spr+s1 z said be=e1 ,& s let no "o vaunt t him4 ,a noble "m bore4 ,!y are z ,gods :om ,grace ,has plac$ beyond all s93 ,god only gives x to ! ,s\l ,t ,he f9ds pure )94 ,t se$ ( ,happ9ess ,falls 9 ! he>ts ( few1 ,plant$ by ,god )9 ! ,s\ls ,spread to receive ,8 dew4 ,s\ls :om ?is ,grace adorns ,decl>e x 9 ea* brea?1 ,f bir? t jo9s ! fle% & s\l ,!y %[ x until dea?4 ,9 ,*ildhood !y obey1 ,are g5tle1 mode/1 he$ ,to furni% ,virtue's p]son ) ,! graces x may ne$4 ,are temp]ate 9 ,y\?1 ,& resolutely /rong1 ,love mu*1 w9 praise = c\rtesy1 ,are loyal1 hat+ wrong4 ,are prud5t 9 _! ,age1 ,& g5]\s & j1 ,& glad at he>t to he> & speak ,:5 good to man's discuss$4 ,! f\r? "p ( _! life ,w$s !m aga9 to ,god1 ,!y wait1 & contemplate ! end1 ,& bless ! pa?s !y trod4 ,h[ _m are deceiv$6 ,my ,song1 ,aga9/ ! /ray]s3 :5 y rea* ,our ,lady1 hide n f h] t y\r end ,is lab\r t w\ld less5 wrong1 ,& tell h] too1 9 tru/y spee*1 ,i travel ev] talk+ ( y\r ,fri5d4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,love1 accord+ to ! unanim\s op9ion ( ! wise m5 :o disc\rse ( him1 & z by exp]i5ce we see cont9ually1 is t :i* br+s toge!r & unites ! lov] ) ! belov$2 :]e=e ,py?agoras says1 ,9 fri5d%ip _m become "o4 ,& ! ?+s :i* are unit$ naturally communicate _! qualities to ea* o!r1 insomu* t sometimes x happ5s t "o is :olly *ang$ into ! nature ( ! o!r1 ! result be+ t ! passions ( ! belov$ p]son ent] into ! p]son ( ! lov]1 s t ! love ( ! "o is communicat$ to ! o!r1 & s likewise hatr$1 desire1 & e o!r passion2 :]e=e ! fri5ds ( ! "o are belov$ by ! o!r1 & ! enemies hat$2 & s 9 ! ,greek prov]b x is said3 ,) fri5ds all ?+s ought to be 9 common4 ,:]e=e ,i1 hav+ made a fri5d ( ?is ,lady1 m5tion$ above 9 ! tru?ful exposition1 began to love & to hate accord+ to h] love & h] hatr$4 ,i !n began to love ! foll[]s ( ,tru?1 & to hate ! foll[]s ( ,error & ,falsehood1 ev5 z %e does4 ,b s9ce ea* ?+ is to be lov$ = itself & none are to be hat$ except = excess ( evil1 x is reasonable & upright to hate n ! ?+s1 b ! evil 9 ! ?+s1 & to endeav\r to di/+ui% betwe5 ^!4 ,& if any p]son has ?is int5tion1 my mo/ excell5t ,lady und]/&s especially h[ to di/+ui% ! evil 9 any?+1 :i* is ! cause ( hate2 s9ce 9 h] is all ,reason1 & 9 h] is ! f\nta9-head ( all uprightness4 ,i1 foll[+ h] z mu* z ,i c\ld 9 h] "w z 9 h] love1 abom9at$ & despis$ ! errors ( ! p ) infamy or reproa*1 n ca/ on ^? lo/ 9 error1 b on ! errors !mselves2 by blam+ :i*1 ,i ?\ght to create displeasure & to sep>ate ! displeas$ ones f ^? faults 9 !m :i* 7 hat$ by me4 ,among/ :i* errors "o especially ,i reprov$1 :i*1 because x is hurtful & dang]\s n only to ^? :o rema9 9 x1 b also to o!rs :o reprove x1 ,i sep>ate x f !m & condemn4 ,?is is ! error conc]n+ ,human ,goodness1 :i*1 inasmu* z x is s[n 9 u by ,nature1 ought to be t]m$ ,nobility2 :i* error 0 s /rongly entr5*$ by evil cu/om & by weak intellect t ! op9ion ( almo/ all p 0 falsifi$ or deceiv$ by x2 & f ! false op9ion sprang false judgm5ts1 & f false judgm5ts sprang unju/ rev]5ce & unju/ contempt2 :]e=e ! good 7 held 9 vile disda91 & ! evil 7 hon\r$ & exalt$4 ,?is 0 ! wor/ confusion 9 ! _w2 ev5 z he c see :o looks subtly at t :i* may result f x4 ,& ?\gh x seem$ t ?is my ,lady _h some:at *ang$ h] sweet c\nt5ance t[>ds me1 especially :]e ,i gaz$ & s\ght to discov] :e!r ! fir/ ,matt] ( ! ,elem5ts 0 creat$ by ,god1 = :i* reason ,i /r5g!n$ myself to frequ5t h] pres5ce a little1 z if rema9+ !re ) h] ass5t1 ,i began to consid] 9 my m9d ! fault ( man conc]n+ ! said error4 ,& to %un slo?1 :i* is an especial enemy ( ?is ,lady1 & to describe or /ate ?is error v cle>ly1 ?is error :i* robs h] ( s _m fri5ds1 ,i propos$ to cry al\d to ! p :o are walk+ 9 ! pa? ( evil1 9 ord] t !y might direct _! /eps to ! "r road2 & ,i began a ,song1 9 ! beg9n+ ( :i* ,i said1 ,s(t rhymes ( love ,i us$ to f9d1 :]e9 ,i int5d to lead ! p back into ! "r pa?1 ! pa? ( "r k conc]n+ true ,nobility1 z by ! k ( its text1 to ! explanation ( :i* ,i n[ turn my att5tion1 any "o w be able to p]ceive4 ,& s9ce ! int5tion ( ?is ,song is direct$ to a rem$y s requisite1 x 0 n well to speak "u any figure ( spee*2 b x 0 ne$ful to prep>e ?is m$ic9e spe$ily1 t spe$y might be ! re/oration to heal?1 :i*1 be+ s corrupt$1 ha/5$ to a hide\s dea?4 ,x w n1 !n1 be requisite 9 ! exposition ( ?is ,song to unveil any allegory1 b simply to discuss its mean+ accord+ to ! lett]4 ,by my ,lady ,i always mean h] :o is spok5 ( 9 ! prec$+ ,song1 t is to say1 t ,light ( supreme virtue1 ,philosophy1 ^: rays cause ! fl[]s ( true ,nobility to blossom =? 9 mank9d & to be> fruit 9 ! sons ( m52 conc]n+ :i* true ,nobility ! propos$ ,song fully int5ds to treat4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! explanation n[ und]tak51 9 ord] to r5d] ! mean+ ( ! propos$ ,song m cle> & di/9ct1 x is requisite to divide t fir/ "p into two p>ts1 = 9 ! fir/ "p "o speaks 9 ! mann] ( a ,proem or ,preface2 9 ! second1 ! subject "u discussion is cont9u$2 & ! second "p beg9s 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! /anza1 :]e x says3 ,"o rais$ to ,empire held1 ,z f> z he c\ld see1 ,desc5t ( weal?1 & g5]\s ways1 ,to make ,nobility4 ,! fir/ "p1 aga91 c be compreh5d$ 9 ?ree divisions or memb]s4 ,9 ! fir/ x /ates :y ,i dep>t f my usual mode ( spee*2 9 ! second1 ,i say ( :at x is my int5tion to disc\rse2 9 ! ?ird1 ,i call ^u t ,help] :o mo/ c aid me to e/abli% ,tru?4 ,! second memb]1 clause1 or division beg9s3 ,& s9ce "t suits me n[4 ,! ?ird beg9s3 ,fir/ call+ on t ,"l4 ,i say !n t ,i 0 compell$ to ab&on ! s(t rhymes ( ,love :i* ,i 0 accu/om$ to se>* = 9 my ?\ghts1 & ,i assign ! reason or cause2 :]e=e ,i say t x is n because ,i h giv5 up all int5tion ( mak+ rhymes ( ,love1 b because new aspects h appe>$ 9 my ,lady :i* h depriv$ me ( mat]ial = pres5t spee* ( ,love4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t x does n "h say t ! ge/ures ( ?is ,lady are disda9ful & angry accord+ to appe>ance only1 z may be se5 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ! prec$+ treatise2 = at ano!r "t ,i say t ! appe>ance is contr>y to ! ,tru?2 & h[ ?is c be1 h[ "o self-same ?+ c be sweet & appe> bitt]1 or r be cle> & appe> obscure1 may !re be se5 cle>ly en\gh4 ,aft]w>ds :5 ,i say1 ,& s9ce "t suits1 ,i say1 ev5 z has be5 said1 :at t is :]e( ,i int5d to disc\rse4 ,& t :i* x says 9 ! words "t suits is n "h to be pass$ ov] ) a dry foot1 because !re is a mo/ p[]ful reason = my action2 b x is to be se5 h[ reasonably "t mu/ wait on all our acts1 & especially on spee*4 ,"t1 accord+ to :at ,ari/otle says 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ,physics1 is ! numb] ( movem5t1 fir/1 second1 & onw>ds2 & ! numb] ( ! cele/ial movem5t1 :i* prep>es ! ?+s "h bel[ to receive 9 v>i\s ways any in=m+ p[]4 ,= ! ,e>? is prep>$ 9 "o way 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,spr+ to receive into itself ! in=m+ p[] ( ! h]bs & fl[]s1 & ! ,w9t] o!rwise2 & 9 "o mann] is "o season prep>$ to receive ! se$1 diff]+ f ano!r4 ,& ev5 s our ,m9d1 inasmu* z x is f\nd$ ^u ! temp] ( ! body1 :i* has to foll[ ! revolution ( ! ,heav51 at "o "t is dispos$ 9 "o way1 at ano!r "t 9 ano!r way2 :]e=e words1 :i* are1 z x 71 ! se$s ( actions1 ought v discreetly to be )held or utt]$2 !y %\ld be spok5 ) su* s\nd judgm5t t !y may be well receiv$1 & good fruit foll[ f !m2 n )held or sp5t s sp>+ly t b>r5ness is ! result ( _! defective utt]ance4 ,& !re=e a suitable "t %\ld be *os51 bo? = him :o speaks & = him :o mu/ he>3 = if ! speak] is badly prep>$1 v (t5 8 words are injuri\s or hurtful2 & if ! he>] is ill-dispos$1 ^? words :i* are good are ill receiv$4 ,& !re=e ,solomon says 9 ,ecclesia/es3 ,!re is a "t to speak1 & a "t to be sil5t4 ,:]e=e ,i1 feel+ )9 myself t my disposition to speak ( ,love 0 di/urb$1 = ! cause :i* has be5 m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 x seem$ to me t ! "t might suit me n[1 "t :i* be>s ) x ! fulfilm5t ( e desire1 & appe>s 9 ! guise ( a g5]\s giv] to ^? :o grudge n to await him pati5tly4 ,:]e=e ,/4 ,james says 9 8 ,epi/le1 9 ! fif? *apt]3 ,behold1 ! husb&man waite? = ! preci\s fruit ( ! ,e>?1 & ha? long pati5ce = x1 until he receive ! e>ly & ! latt] ra94 ,= all our sorr[s1 or c>es1 or vexations1 if we inquire dilig5tly into _! orig91 proce$1 z x 71 f n kn[+ ! use ( "t4 ,i say1 s9ce ! "t suits1 ,i w leave my p5 alone1 t is to say1 ! sweet or g5tle /yle ,i us$ :5 ,i sang ( ,love2 & ,i say t ,i w speak ( t wor? :]eby a man is truly noble4 ,& z x is possible to und]/& wor? 9 _m ways1 "h ,i int5d to assume wor? to be a p[] ( ,nature1 or r a goodness be/[$ by h]1 z w be se5 9 :at foll[s2 & ,i promise to disc\rse on ?is subject ) a rhyme subtle & sev]e4 ,:]e=e x is requisite to "k t rhyme may be consid]$ 9 a d\ble s5se1 t is to say1 9 a wide & 9 a n>r[ s5se4 ,9 ! n>r[ s5se1 x is und]/ood z t concordance :i* 9 ! la/ & 9 ! p5ultimate syllable x is usual to make4 ,9 ! wide s5se1 x is und]/ood = all t language :i*1 ) numb]s & regulat$ "t1 falls into rhym$ consonance2 & ?us x is desir$ t x %\ld be tak5 & und]/ood 9 ?is ,proem4 ,& !re=e x says sev]e1 ) ref]5ce to ! s\nd ( ! /yle1 :i* to su* a subject mu/ n be sweet & pleas+2 & x says subtle1 ) reg>d to ! mean+ ( ! words1 :i* proce$ ) subtle argum5t & disputation4 ,& ,i subjo93 hold false & vile ,! judgm5t2 :]e aga9 x is promis$ to confute ! judgm5t ( ! p full ( error3 false1 t is1 remov$ f ! ,tru?2 & vile1 t is to say1 affirm$ & =tifi$ by vil5ess ( m9d4 ,& x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ?is ,proem ,i promise1 fir/ly1 to treat ( ! ,tru?1 & !n to confute ! ,false2 & 9 ! treatise ! opposite is done1 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i confute ! ,false1 & !n treat ( ! ,tru?1 :i* does n appe> rightly accord+ to ! promise4 ,& !re=e x is to be kn[n t1 al?\gh ! int5tion is to speak ( bo?1 ! pr9cipal int5tion is to h&le ! ,tru?2 & ! int5tion is to reprove ! ,false or ,untrue1 9 s f> z by s do+ ,i make ! ,tru? appe> m excell5t4 ,& "h1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! promise is to speak ( ! ,tru? accord+ to ! *ief int5tion1 :i* creates 9 ! m9ds ( ! he>]s a desire to he>2 = 9 ! fir/ treatise ,i reprove ! ,false ( ,untrue 9 ord] t1 ! false op9ions be+ *as$ away1 ! ,tru? may be receiv$ m freely4 ,& ?is me?od 0 adopt$ by ! ma/] ( human argum5t1 ,ari/otle1 :o always 9 ! fir/ place f\ght ) ! adv]s>ies ( ,tru?1 & !n1 hav+ vanqui%$ !m1 reveal$ or demon/rat$ ,tru? itself4 ,f9ally1 :5 ,i say1 ,fir/ call+ on t ,"l1 ,i appeal to ,tru? to be ) me1 ,tru? be+ t ,"l :o dwells 9 ! eyes ( ,philosophy1 t is to say1 9 h] demon/rations4 ,& inde$ ,tru? is t ,"l2 = ! ,s\l esp\s$ to ,tru? is ! bride ( ,tru?1 & o!rwise x is a slave or s]vant depriv$ ( all lib]ty4 ,& x says1 my ,lady le>nt ,h]self to love & prize1 because ?is ,philosophy1 :i* has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ treatise to be a lov+ use ( ,wisdom1 beholds h]self :5 ! beauty ( h] eyes appe>s to h]4 ,& :at else is !re to be said1 except t ! ,philosophic ,s\l n only contemplates ?is ,tru?1 b aga9 contemplates h] own contemplation & ! beauty ( t1 aga9 revolv+ ^u h]self1 & be+ enam\r$ ) h]self on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( h] fir/ glance8 ,& ?us ends ?is :i*1 z a ,proem or ,preface 9 ?ree divisions1 heads ! pres5t treatise4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,hav+ se5 ! mean+ ( ! ,proem1 we mu/ n[ foll[ ! treatise1 &1 to demon/rate x cle>ly1 x mu/ be divid$ into its *ief p>ts1 :i* are ?ree4 ,9 ! fir/1 "o treats ( ,nobility accord+ to ! op9ion ( o!r m52 9 ! second1 "o treats ( x accord+ to ! true op9ion2 9 ! ?ird1 "o addresses spee* to ! ,song by way ( ornam5t to t :i* has be5 said4 ,! second "p beg9s3 ,i say t f "o root ,ea* ,virtue fir/ly spr+s4 ,! ?ird beg9s3 ,h[ _m are deceiv$6 ,my ,song1 ,aga9/ ! /ray]s4 ,& aft] ^! g5]al p>ts1 x w be "r to make o!r divisions1 9 ord] to make ! mean+ ( ! demon/ration cle>4 ,!re=e1 let no "o m>vel if x proce$ ) _m divisions1 s9ce a great & high "w is n[ on my h&s1 & "o t is b little ent]$ ^u by au?ors2 ! treatise mu/ be long & subtle into :i* ! read] n[ ent]s ) me1 if ,i am to unfold p]fectly ! text accord+ to ! mean+ :i* x be>s4 ,i say1 !n1 t ?is fir/ "p is n[ divid$ into two3 = 9 ! fir/1 ! op9ions ( o!rs are plac$2 9 ! second1 ^? op9ions are confut$2 & ?is second "p beg9s3 ,:oev] %all def9e ,! man a liv+ tree4 ,aga91 ! fir/ "p :i* rema9s has two clauses3 ! fir/ is ! v>iation ( ! op9ion ( ! ,emp]or2 ! second is ! v>iation ( ! op9ion ( ! ,common ,p1 :i* is nak$ or void ( all reason2 & ?is second clause or division beg9s3 ,ano!r1 lightly wise4 ,i say !n1 ,"o rais$ to ,empire1 t is to say1 su* an "o made use ( ! ,imp]ial ,(fice4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t ,fr$]ick ( ,suabia1 ! la/ ,emp]or ( ! ,romans 7,i say la/ ) respect to ! pres5t "t1 not)/&+ t ,rudolf1 & ,adolphus1 & ,alb]t 7 elect$ aft] 8 dea? & f 8 desc5dants71 be+ ask$ :at ,nobility might be1 repli$ t x 0 anci5t weal?1 & good mann]s4 ,& ,i say t !re 0 ano!r ( less wisdom1 :o1 pond]+ & revolv+ ?is def9ition 9 e "p1 remov$ ! la/ p>ticle1 t is1 ! good mann]s1 & held to ! fir/1 t is1 to ! anci5t ri*es4 ,& z he seems to h d\bt$ ! text1 p]haps ?r\gh n hav+ good mann]s1 & n wi%+ to lose ! title ( ,nobility1 he def9$ x accord+ to t :i* made himself noble1 namely1 possession ( anci5t weal?4 ,& ,i say t ?is op9ion is t ( almo/ all1 say+ t aft] x g all ! p :o make ^? m5 noble :o h a long p$igree1 & :o h be5 ri* ?r\gh _m g5]ations2 s9ce 9 ?is cry d almo/ all m5 b>k4 ,^! two op9ions 7al?\gh "o1 z has be5 said1 is ( no consequ5ce :atev]7 seem to h two v grave argum5ts 9 support ( !m4 ,! fir/ is1 t ! ,philosoph] says t :atev] appe>s true to ! greate/ numb] _c be entirely false4 ,! second is1 ! au?ority ( ! def9ition by an ,emp]or4 ,& t "o may ! bett] see ! p[] ( ! ,tru?1 :i* conqu]s all o!r au?ority1 ,i int5d to argue ) ! "o reason z ) ! o!r1 to :i* x is a /rong help] & p[]ful aid4 ,&1 fir/ly1 "o _c und]/& ,imp]ial au?ority until ! roots ( x are f\nd4 ,x is our int5tion to treat or disc\rse ( !m 9 an especial *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! radical f\ndation ( ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 accord+ to ! ,tru?1 is ! necessity ( ,human ,civilization1 :i* is orda9$ to "o end1 t is1 to a ,happy ,life4 ,no?+ is ( itself suffici5t to atta9 ?is )\t "s ext]nal help1 s9ce man has ne$ ( _m ?+s :i* "o p]son alone is unable to obta94 ,& !re=e ! ,philosoph] says t man is naturally a companionable animal4 ,& z a man requires = 8 suffici5t com=t ! dome/ic companion%ip ( a family1 s a h\se requires = its suffici5t com=t a neighb\rhood2 o!rwise !re w\ld be _m wants to endure :i* w\ld be an ob/acle to happ9ess4 ,& s9ce a neighb\rhood _c satisfy all requirem5ts1 !re mu/ = ! satisfaction ( m5 be ! ,city4 ,aga91 ! ,city requires = its ,arts & ,manufactures to h an environm5t1 z also = its def5ce1 & to h bro!rly int]c\rse ) ! circumjac5t or adjac5t ,cities1 & !nce ! ,k+dom4 ,b s9ce ! human m9d 9 re/rict$ possession ( ! ,e>? f9ds no peace1 b always desires to acquire ,glory1 z we see by exp]i5ce1 discords & w>s mu/ arise betwe5 realm & realm4 ,^! are ! tribulation ( ,cities2 & ?r\gh ! ,cities1 ( ! neighb\rhoods2 & ?r\gh ! neighb\rhoods1 ( ! h\ses2 & ?r\gh ! h\ses1 ( m52 & ?us is ! happ9ess ( man prev5t$ or ob/ruct$4 ,:]e=e1 9 ord] to prev5t ^! w>s1 & to remove ! causes ( !m ?r\gh all ! ,e>?1 s f> z x is giv5 to ! ,human ,race to possess x1 !re mu/ ( necessity be ,mon>*y1 t is to say1 "o sole pr9cipality2 & !re mu/ be "o ,pr9ce1 :o1 possess+ all1 & n be+ able to desire m1 holds ! ,k+s cont5t )9 ! limits ( ! k+doms1 s t peace may be betwe5 !m1 :]e9 ! ,cities may repose1 & 9 ?is re/ ! neighb\r+ hamlets may dwell toge!r 9 mutual love2 9 ?is love ! h\ses obta9 all !y ne$1 :i*1 be+ obta9$1 m5 c live happily1 :i* is t end = :i* man 0 born4 ,& to ^! reasons might be appli$ ! words ( ! ,philosoph]1 = he says1 9 ! book ,on ,politics1 t :5 _m ?+s are orda9$ to "o end1 "o ( ^? mu/ be ! rul+ p[]1 & all ! o!rs mu/ be gov]n$ by t4 ,ev5 z we see 9 a %ip t ! diff]5t (fices & ! diff]5t means to diff]5t ends 9 t %ip are orda9$ to "o end alone1 t is to say1 to rea* ! desir$ port by a safe voyage1 :]e z ea* (fic] ord]s 8 own "w to ! prop] end1 ev5 s !re is "o :o consid]s all ^! ends1 & orda9s ^? to ! f9al "o2 & ?is is ! ,pilot1 ^: voice all mu/ obey4 ,we see ?is also 9 ! religi\s bodies & 9 ! milit>y bodies1 9 all ^? ?+s :i* are orda9$ to "o end1 z has be5 said4 ,:]e=e x c pla9ly be se5 t to atta9 ! p]fection ( ! ,univ]sal ,union ( ! ,human ,race !re mu/ be "o ,pilot1 z x 71 :o1 consid]+ ! diff]5t conditions ( ! ,_w1 & orda9+ ! diff]5t & ne$ful (fices1 may hold or possess ov] ! :ole ! univ]sal & inconte/able (fice ( ,comm&4 ,& ?is (fice is well designat$ ,empire1 )\t any addition1 because x is ( all o!r gov]nm5ts ! gov]nm5t2 & s he :o is appo9t$ to ?is (fice is designat$ ,emp]or1 because ( all ,gov]nors he is ! ,gov]nor1 & :at he says is ,law to all1 & ought by all to be obey$2 & e o!r gov]nm5t d]ives vig\r & au?ority f ! gov]nm5t ( ?is man4 ,& ?us x is evid5t t ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y & ,au?ority is ! mo/ exalt$ 9 ! ,human ,family4 ,no d\bt x w\ld be possible = "s "o to cavil1 say+1 t al?\gh ! (fice ( ,empire may be requir$ 9 ! ,_w1 t does n make ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,pr9ce rationally supreme1 :i* x is ! int5tion ( ! treatise to prove2 s9ce ! ,roman ,p[] 0 acquir$1 n by ,reason nor by decree ( ,univ]sal ,election1 b by ,=ce1 :i* seems to be oppos$ to ,reason4 ,to ?is "o c easily reply1 t ! election ( ?is ,supreme ,(ficial mu/ prim>ily proce$ f t ,c\ncil :i* =esees all ?+s1 t is1 ,god2 o!rwise ! election w\ld n h be5 ( equal b5efit = all ! p1 s9ce1 be=e ! pre-orda9$ ,(ficial1 !re 0 none :o _h ! good ( all at he>t4 ,& s9ce a g5tl] nature 9 rul+1 & a /rong] 9 ma9ta9+1 & a m subtle 9 acquir+ nev] 0 & nev] w be ?an t ( ! ,lat9 ,p1 z "o c see by exp]i5ce1 & especially t ( ! ,holy ,p1 9 :om 0 bl5d$ ! noble ,trojan blood2 to t (fice x 0 elect$ by ,god4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce1 to obta9 x1 n )\t v great p[] c\ld x be approa*$1 & to employ x a mo/ exalt$ & mo/ humane b5ignity 0 requir$1 ?is 0 ! p :i* 0 mo/ fitly prep>$ = x4 ,h5ce n by ,=ce 0 x assum$ 9 ! fir/ place by ! ,roman ,p b by ,div9e ,ord9ance1 :i* is above all ,reason4 ,& ,virgil is 9 h>mony ) ?is 9 ! fir/ book ( ! neid1 :5 he says1 speak+ 9 ! p]son ( ,god3 ,on ^! t is1 on ! ,romans ,i impose no limits to _! possessions1 nor to _! duration2 to !m ,i h giv5 b\ndless ,empire4 ,=ce1 !n1 0 n ! mov+ cause1 z he believ$ :o 0 cavill+2 b !re 0 an in/rum5tal cause ev5 z ! bl[s ( ! hamm] are ! cause ( ! knife1 & ! s\l ( ! workman is ! mov+ & ! effici5t cause2 & ?us1 n =ce1 b a cause1 ev5 a ,div9e ,cause1 has be5 ! orig9 ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,& t ?is is s x is possible to see by two mo/ evid5t reasons1 :i* prove t ,city to be ! ,empress1 & to h f ,god an especial bir?1 & to h f ,god an especial success4 ,b s9ce 9 ?is *apt] )\t too great l5g? x w\ld n be possible to discuss ?is subject1 & long *apt]s are ! enemies ( ,memory1 ,i w aga9 make a digression 9 ano!r *apt] 9 ord] to prove ! reasons "h allud$ to1 :i* are n )\t & may give great pleasure4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,x is no cause = wond] if ! ,div9e ,provid5ce1 :i* surpasses beyond measure all angelic & human =esight1 (t5 appe>s to u to proce$ my/]i\sly1 s9ce _m times human actions conceal _! motives f m54 ,b !re is great cause = wond] :5 ! execution ( ! ,et]nal ,c\nsel proce$s s evid5tly t our reason c disc]n x4 ,& !re=e 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] ,i c speak ) ! m\? ( ,solomon1 :o1 9 ! p]son ( ,wisdom1 says 9 8 ,prov]bs3 ,he>1 = ,i w speak ( excell5t ?+s6 ,! ,div9e ,goodness unmeasureable1 desir+ to con=m aga9 to ,itself ! ,human ,creature1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! s9 ( ! prev>ication ( ! fir/ ,man1 0 sep>at$ f ,god & de=m$ !reby1 x 0 decid$1 9 t mo/ exalt$ & mo/ unit$ ,div9e ,consi/ory ( ! ,tr9ity1 t ! ,son ( ,god %\ld desc5d to ! ,e>? to accompli% ?is union4 ,& s9ce at ,8 adv5t into ! _w1 n only ,heav51 b ,e>?1 mu/ be 9 ! be/ disposition2 & ! be/ disposition ( ! ,e>? is :5 x is a ,mon>*y1 t is to say1 all subject to "o ,pr9ce1 z has be5 said above1 by ,div9e ,provid5ce x 0 orda9$ :at p & :at city %\ld fulfil ?is1 & t p 0 ! ,roman nation1 & t city 0 glori\s ,rome4 ,& s9ce ! ,inn also :]e9 ! ,heav5ly ,k+ mu/ ent] mu/ ( necessity be mo/ cleanly & mo/ pure1 !re 0 orda9$ a mo/ ,holy ,race1 f :i*1 aft] _m excell5t or j ance/ors1 !re %\ld be born a ,woman m p]fect ?an all o!rs1 :o %\ld be ! abode ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,& ?is race 0 ! ,race ( ,david1 f :i* 0 born ! glory & hon\r ( ! ,human ,race1 t is to say1 ,m>y4 ,& !re=e x is writt5 9 ,isaiah3 ,a virg9 %all be born ( ! /em ( ,jesse1 & a bran* %all gr[ out ( 8 roots4 ,& ,jesse 0 ! fa!r ( ! a=esaid ,david4 ,& x happ5$ at "o p]iod ( "t t :5 ,david 0 born1 ,rome 0 born1 t is to say1 neas !n came f ,troy to ,italy1 :i* 0 ! orig9 ( ! mo/ noble ,roman ,city1 ev5 z ! writt5 ^w be>s witness4 ,evid5t en\gh1 !re=e1 is ! ,div9e election ( ! ,roman ,empire by ! bir? ( ! ,holy ,city1 :i* 0 contemporane\s ) ! root ( ! race f :i* ,m>y sprang4 ,& incid5tally x is to be m5tion$ t1 s9ce ?is ,heav5 began to revolve1 x nev] 0 9 a bett] disposition ?an :5 ,he desc5d$ f on high1 ,he :o _h made x & :o is its ,rul]1 ev5 z aga9 by virtue ( _! arts ! ,ma!maticians may be able to discov]4 ,! ,_w nev] 0 nor ev] w be s p]fectly prep>$ z !n1 :5 x 0 gov]n$ by ! voice ( "o man alone1 ,pr9ce & ,comm&] ( ! ,roman p1 ev5 z ,luke ! ,evangeli/ be>s witness4 ,& !re=e !re 0 ,univ]sal ,peace1 :i* nev] 0 aga9 nor ev] w be1 = ! ,%ip ( ! ,human ,family rightly by a sweet pa?way 0 ha/5+ to its rightful hav54 ,oh1 ineffable & incompreh5sible ,wisdom ( ,god1 :i* 9 ,heav5 above did/ prep>e1 s long be=eh&1 = ,?y adv5t into ,syria & "h 9 ,italy at ! same "t6 ,& oh1 mo/ fooli% & vile bea/s :o pa/ure 9 ! guise ( m5--y :o presume to speak aga9/ our ,fai?1 & pr(ess to "k1 z ye sp9 & dig1 :at ,god has orda9$ ) s mu* =e?\ght--curses be on y & y\r presumption1 & on him :o believes 9 y6 ,&1 z has be5 said above1 at ! end ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! ,roman ,p _h f ,god n only an especial bir?1 b an especial success2 =1 briefly1 f ,romulus1 :o 0 ! fir/ fa!r ( ,rome1 ev5 to its mo/ p]fect era1 t is1 to ! "t ( its pr$ict$ ,emp]or1 its success 0 a*iev$ n only by human1 b by ,div9e means4 ,= if we consid] ! ,sev5 ,k+s :o fir/ gov]n$ x--,romulus1 ,numa1 ,tullus1 ,ancus ,m>tius1 ,s]vius ,tullius1 & ! ,t>qu9s1 :o 71 z x 71 ! nurses & tutors ( its ,*ildhood--we %all be able to f9d1 by ! writt5 ^w ( ,roman ,hi/ory1 especially by ,titus ,livius1 ^? to h be5 ( diff]5t natures1 accord+ to ! opportunity ( ! advanc+ tract ( "t4 ,if we consid]1 !n1 its ,adolesc5ce1 :5 x 0 emancipat$ f ! regal tutor%ip by ,brutus1 ! fir/ ,consul1 ev5 to ,cs>1 its fir/ supreme ,pr9ce1 we %all f9d x exalt$1 n ) human1 b ) ,div9e citiz5s1 into :om1 n human1 b ,div9e love 0 inspir$ 9 lov+ ,rome2 & ?is nei!r c\ld be nor ought to be1 except = an especial end int5d$ by ,god ?r\gh su* infusion ( a heav5ly _s4 ,& :o w say t !re 0 no ,div9e inspiration 9 ,fabricius :5 he reject$ an almo/ inf9ite am\nt ( gold because he 0 unwill+ to ab&on 8 c\ntry8 or 9 ,curius1 :om ! ,samnites attempt$ to corrupt1 :o said1 :5 refus+ a v l>ge quantity ( gold = love ( 8 c\ntry1 t ! ,roman citiz5s did n desire to possess gold1 b ! possessors ( ! gold8 ,:o w say !re 0 no ,div9e inspiration 9 ,mutius burn+ 8 own h& because x _h fail$ 9 ! bl[ :]e) he _h ?\ght to deliv] ,rome8 ,:o w say ( ,torquatus1 :o s5t5c$ 8 own son to dea? f love to ! ,public ,good1 t he c\ld h endur$ ?is )\t a ,div9e ,help]8 ,:o w say ?is ( ! ,brutus be=e m5tion$8 ,:o w say x ( ! ,decii & ( ! ,drusi1 :o laid d[n _! lives = _! c\ntry8 ,:o w say ( ! captive ,regulus ( ,c>?age1 s5t to ,rome to ex*ange ! ,c>?ag9ian prison]s = ,roman prison]s ( w>1 :o1 aft] hav+ expla9$ ! object ( 8 embassy1 gave c\nsel aga9/ himself2 ?r\gh pure love to ,rome1 t he 0 mov$ to d ?is by ! impulse ( ,human ,nature alone8 ,:o w say x ( ,qu9ctius ,c9c9natus1 :o1 tak5 f ! pl\gh & made dictator1 aft] ! "t ( (fice _h expir$1 spontane\sly refus+ its cont9uance1 foll[$ 8 pl\gh aga98 ,:o w say ( ,camillus1 bani%$ & *as$ into exile1 :o1 hav+ come to deliv] ,rome f h] enemies1 & hav+ accompli%$ h] lib]ation1 spontane\sly return$ into exile 9 ord] n to (f5d aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,s5ate1 t he 0 )\t ,div9e inspiration8 ,o1 mo/ sacr$ he>t ( ,cato1 :o %all presume to speak ( !e8 ,truly1 to speak freely ( !e is n possible2 x 7 bett] to be sil5t & to foll[ ,j]ome1 :51 9 ! ,preface ( ! ,bible :]e he alludes to ,paul1 he says t x 7 bett] to be sil5t ?an say little4 ,c]ta9ly x mu/ be evid5t1 rememb]+ ! lives ( ^! m5 & ( ! o!r ,div9e citiz5s1 t su* wond]s c\ld n h be5 )\t "s light ( ! ,div9e ,goodness1 add$ to _! own goodness ( nature4 ,& x mu/ be evid5t t ^! mo/ excell5t m5 7 in/rum5ts ) :i* ,div9e ,provid5ce work$ 9 ! build+ up ( ! ,roman ,empire1 :]e9 _m times ! arm ( ,god appe>$ to be pres5t4 ,& did n ,god put ,8 own h& to ! battle :]e9 ! ,albans f\ght ) ! ,romans 9 ! beg9n+ = ! *ief dom9ion1 :5 "o ,roman alone held 9 8 h&s ! lib]ty ( ,rome8 ,& did n ,god int]f]e ) ,8 own h&s :5 ! ,franks1 hav+ tak5 all ,rome1 attack$ by /eal? ! ,capitol by night1 & ! voice alone ( a goose caus$ ?is to be kn[n8 ,& did n ,god int]f]e ) ,8 own h&s :51 9 ! w> ) ,hannibal1 hav+ lo/ s _m citiz5s t ?ree bu%els ( r+s 7 c>ri$ into ,africa1 ! ,romans wi%$ to ab&on ! l&1 if ! bless$ ,scipio ! y\ng] _h n und]tak5 8 exp$ition into ,africa = ! recov]y ( fre$om8 ,& did n ,god int]f]e ) ,8 own h&s :5 a new citiz5 ( humble /ation1 ,tullius1 def5d$1 aga9/ su* a citiz5 z ,catil9e1 ! ,roman lib]ty8 ,yes1 surely4 ,:]e=e "o %\ld n ne$ to inquire fur!r to see t an especial bir? & an especial success 7 9 ! ,m9d ( ,god decre$ to t holy ,city4 ,& c]ta9ly ,i am ( a firm op9ion t ! /ones :i* rema9 9 h] walls are wor?y ( rev]5ce2 & x is ass]t$ & prov$ t ! gr\nd :]eon %e /&s is wor?y beyond all o!r t is occupi$ by man4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,above1 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is treatise1 a promise 0 made to disc\rse ( ! supremacy ( ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority & ( ! ,philosophic ,au?ority4 ,& s9ce ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority has be5 discuss$1 my digression mu/ n[ proce$ fur!r 9 ord] to consid] t ( ! ,philosoph]1 accord+ to ! promise made4 ,& "h we mu/ fir/ see :at is ! mean+ ( ?is ^w2 s9ce "h !re is a great] necessity to und]/& x ?an !re 0 above 9 ! argum5t on ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its ,maje/y1 does n seem to be d\bt$4 ,x is !n to be kn[n t ,au?ority is no o!r ?an ! act ( ! ,au?or4 ,?is ^w1 t is to say1 ,auctore1 )\t ?is ?ird lett]1 c1 c be d]iv$ f two roots4 ,"o is f a v]b1 ^: use 9 gramm> is mu* ab&on$1 :i* signifies to b9d or to tie words toge!r1 t is1 ,a ,u ,i ,e ,o2 & :oso looks well at x 9 its fir/ v[el or syllable w cle>ly p]ceive t x demon/rates x itself1 = x is con/itut$ solely ( a tie ( words1 t is1 ( five v[els alone1 :i* are ! s\l & bond ( e ^w1 & compos$ ( !m 9 a twi/$ way1 to figure ! image ( a ligature2 = beg9n+ ) ! ,a1 !n x twi/s r\nd into ! ,u1 & comes /raight ?r\gh ! ,i into ! ,e1 !n x revolves & turns r\nd into ! ,o3 s t truly ?is figure repres5ts ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 ,o1 ,u1 :i* is ! figure or =m ( a tie2 & h[ mu* ,autore 7,au?or7 d]ives its orig9 f ?is ^w1 "o le>ns f ! poets alone1 :o h b\nd _! words toge!r ) ! art ( h>mony2 b on ?is signification we d n at pres5t dwell4 ,! o!r root f :i* ! ^w ,autore 7,au?or7 is d]iv$1 z ,uguccione te/ifies 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 ,d]ivations1 is a ,greek ^w1 ,aut5tim1 :i* 9 ,lat9 means wor?y ( fai? & ob$i5ce4 ,& ?us ,autore 7,au?or71 d]iv$ f ?is1 is tak5 = any p]son wor?y to be believ$ & obey$2 & !nce comes ?is ^w1 ( :i* "o treats at ! pres5t mom5t1 t is to say1 ,au?ority4 ,:]e=e "o c see t ,au?ority is equival5t to an act wor?y ( fai? & ob$i5ce4 ,"h is a small break 9 ! orig9al1 conta9+ "s su* words z--,wor?y1 nay1 mo/ wor?y1 ( ob$i5ce & ( fai? is ,ari/otle3 h5ce x is evid5t t 8 words are a supreme & *ief ,au?ority4 ,t ,ari/otle is mo/ wor?y ( fai? & ob$i5ce1 "o c ?us prove4 ,among/ workm5 & artific]s ( diff]5t ,arts & ,manufactures1 :i* are all direct$ to "o f9al "w ( ,art1 or to "o build+1 ! ,artific] or ,design] ( t "w mu/ be completely believ$ 91 & implicitly obey$ by all1 z ! man :o alone beholds ! ultimate end ( all ! o!r ends4 ,h5ce ! sword-cutl] mu/ believe 9 ! knight1 s mu/ ! bridle-mak] & saddle-mak] & ! %ield-mak]1 & all ^? trades :i* are appo9t$ to ! pr(ession ( knigh?ood4 ,& s9ce all human actions require an aim1 :i* is t ( human life1 to :i* man is appo9t$ inasmu* z he is man1 ! ma/] & artific] :o consid]s t aim & demon/rates x ought especially to be believ$ 9 & obey$2 & he is ,ari/otle2 :]e=e he is mo/ wor?y ( fai? & ob$i5ce4 ,& 9 ord] to see h[ ,ari/otle is ! ma/] & lead] ( ,human ,reason 9 s f> z x aims at its f9al op]ation1 x is requisite to "k t ?is our aim ( life1 :i* ea* "o naturally desires1 9 mo/ anci5t times 0 se>*$ = by ! ,wise ,m52 & s9ce ^? :o desire ?is end are s num]\s1 & _! desires are z x 7 all s+ul>ly diff]5t1 al?\gh !y exi/ 9 u univ]sally1 x 0 nev]!less v difficult to disc]n t end :]eon rightly ea* human appetite or desire might repose4 ,!re 7 !n _m anci5t philosoph]s1 ! fir/ & ! *ief ( :om 0 ,z5o1 :o saw & believ$ ?is end ( human life to be solely a rigid hone/y1 t is to say1 rigid )\t reg>d to any "o 9 foll[+ ,tru? & ,ju/ice1 to %[ no sorr[1 to %[ no joy1 to h no s5se ( any passion :atev]4 ,& !y def9$ ?us ?is hone/ uprightness1 z t :i*1 )\t be>+ fruit1 is to be prais$ = reason ( itself4 ,& ^! m5 & _! sect 7 call$ ,/oics2 & t glori\s ,cato 0 "o ( !m1 ( :om 9 ! previ\s *apt] ,i _h n c\rage en\gh to speak4 ,o!r philosoph]s !re 7 :o saw & believ$ o!rwise2 & ( ^! ! fir/ & *ief 0 a philosoph]1 :o 0 nam$ ,epicurus1 :o1 see+ t ea* animal z soon z x is born is z x 7 direct$ by ,nature to its "r end1 :i* %uns pa9 & seeks = pleasure1 said t ?is end or aim ( ours 0 enjoym5t4 ,i d n say gre$y enjoym5t1 voluntade1 b ,i write x ) a p1 voluptate1 t is1 delight or pleasure free f pa92 & !re=e betwe5 pleasure & pa9 no mean 0 plac$4 ,he said t pleasure 0 no o!r ?an no pa92 z ,tullius seems to say 9 ! fir/ *apt] ,de ,f9ibus4 ,& ( ^!1 :o f ,epicurus are nam$ ,epicureans1 0 ,torquatus1 a noble ,roman1 desc5d$ f ! blood ( ! glori\s ,torquatus m5tion ( :om ,i made above4 ,!re 7 o!rs1 & !y _h _! rise f ,socrates1 & !n f 8 successor1 ,plato1 :o1 look+ m subtly1 & see+ t 9 our actions x 0 possible to s91 & t "o s9n$ 9 too mu* & 9 too little1 said t our action1 )\t excess & )\t defect1 measur$ to ! due mean ( our own *oice1 is virtue1 & virtue is ! aim ( man2 & !y call$ x action ) virtue4 ,& ^! 7 call$ ,academicians1 z 0 ,plato & ,speusippus1 8 nephew2 !y 7 ?us call$ f ! place :]e ,plato taught1 t is1 ! ,academy2 nei!r f ,socrates did !y take or assume any ^w1 because 9 8 ,philosophy no?+ 0 affirm$4 ,truly ,ari/otle1 :o _h 8 surname f ,/agira1 & ,x5ocrates ( ,*alc$on1 8 companion1 ?r\gh ! g5ius1 almo/ ,div9e1 :i* ,nature _h put into ,ari/otle1 kn[+ ?is end by means ( ! ,socratic me?od1 ) ! ,academic file1 z x 71 r$uc$ ,moral ,philosophy to p]fection1 & especially ,ari/otle4 ,& s9ce ,ari/otle began to reason :ile walk+ hi!r & ?i!r1 !y 7 call$1 he1 ,i say1 & 8 companions1 ,p]ipatetics1 :i* means ! same z walk]s ab\t4 ,& s9ce ! p]fection ( ?is ,morality by ,ari/otle 0 atta9$1 ! "n ( ,academician became ext9ct1 & all ^? :o atta*$ !mselves to ?is sect are call$ ,p]ipatetics1 & ^! p hold ! doctr9e ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,_w ?r\gh all its p>ts3 & x may be t]m$ a ca?olic op9ion1 z x 74 ,:]e=e x is possible to see t ,ari/otle 0 ! ,indicator & ! ,lead] ( ! p to ?is m>k4 ,& ?is is :at ,i wi%$ to prove4 ,:]e=e1 collect+ all toge!r1 ! pr9cipal int5tion is manife/1 t is to say1 t ! au?ority ( him :om we und]/& to be ! supreme ,philosoph] is full ( complete vig\r1 & 9 no way repugnant to ,imp]ial ,au?ority4 ,b ! ,imp]ial )\t ! ,philosoph] is dang]\s2 & ?is )\t t is weak1 n ( itself1 b ?r\gh ! disord] ( ! p3 b :5 "o is unit$ ) ! o!r !y are toge!r mo/ useful & full ( all vig\r2 & !re=e x is writt5 9 t ,book ( ,wisdom3 ,love ! ,light ( ,wisdom1 all y :o are be=e ! p1 t is to say1 unite ,philosophic ,au?ority ) ! ,imp]ial1 9 ord] to rule well & p]fectly4 ,o1 y mis]able ones1 :o rule at ! pres5t "t6 & ,o1 mo/ mis]able ones1 y :o are rul$6 ,= no ,philosophic ,au?ority is unit$ ) y\r gov]nm5ts1 nei!r ?r\gh suitable /udy nor by c\nsel2 s t to all x is possible to repeat ^? words f ,ecclesia/es3 ,woe to !e1 ,o l&1 :5 ?y ,k+ is a *ild1 & ?y ,pr9ces eat 9 ! morn+2 & to no l& is x possible to say t :i* foll[s3 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,o l&1 :5 ?y ,k+ is ! son ( nobles1 & ?y ,pr9ces eat 9 due season1 = /r5g? & n = drunk5ness4 ,ye enemies ( ,god1 look to y\r flanks1 ye :o h seiz$ ! sceptres ( ! k+doms ( ,italy4 ,& ,i say to y1 ,*>les1 & to y1 ,fr$]ick1 ,k+s1 & to y1 ye o!r ,pr9ces & ,tyrants1 see :o sits by ! side ( y 9 c\ncil1 & c\nt h[ _m times a day ?is aim ( human life is indicat$ to y by y\r c\ncillors4 ,bett] w\ld x be = y1 l swall[s1 to fly l[ d[n ?an1 l kites1 to make l(ty circles ov] c>rion4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,s9ce x is se5 h[ mu* ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority & ! ,philosophic are to be rev]$1 :i* mu/ support ! op9ions prop\nd$1 x is n[ = u to return into ! /raight pa? to ! int5d$ goal4 ,i say1 !n1 t ?is la/ op9ion ( ! ,common ,p has cont9u$ s long t )\t o!r cause1 )\t inquiry into any reason1 e man is t]m$ ,noble :o may be ! son or nephew ( any brave man1 al?\gh he himself is no?+4 ,& ?is is :at ! ,song says3 ,& s long among u ,?is falsehood has _h sway1 ,t m5 call him a ,nobleman1 ,?\gh wor?less1 :o c say1 ,i nephew am1 or son1 ,( "o wor? su* a sum4 ,:]e=e x is to be obs]v$ t x is mo/ dang]\s neglig5ce to all[ ?is evil op9ion to take root2 = ev5 z we$s multiply 9 ! uncultivat$ field1 & surm\nt & cov] ! e> ( ! corn1 s t1 look+ at x f a di/ance1 ! :eat appe>s n1 & f9ally ! corn is lo/2 s ! evil op9ion 9 ! m9d1 nei!r *a/is$ nor correct$1 increases & multiplies1 s t ! e> ( ,reason1 t is1 ! true op9ion1 is conceal$ & buri$ z x 71 & s x is lo/4 ,o1 h[ great is my und]tak+ 9 ?is ,song1 = ,i wi% n[ to we$ ! field s full ( wild & woody plants z is ?is field ( ! common op9ion s long b]eft ( tillage6 ,c]ta9ly ,i d n int5d to cleanse all1 b only ^? p>ts :]e ! e>s ( ,reason are n entirely ov]come2 t is1 ,i int5d to lift up aga9 ^? 9 :om "s little light ( ,reason /ill lives ?r\gh ! goodness ( _! nature2 ! o!rs ne$ only z mu* c>e z ! brute bea/s3 :]e=e x seems to me t x w\ld n be a less miracle to lead back to ,reason him 9 :om x is entirely ext9ct ?an to br+ back to ,life him :o has be5 f\r days 9 ! grave4 ,!n ! evil quality ( ?is popul> op9ion is n>rat$ sudd5ly1 z if x 7 a horrible ?+2 x /rikes at t1 spr++ =? f ! ord] ( ! confutation1 say+1 ,b he :o sees ! ,tru? w "k ,h[ vile he has become1 9 ord] to make p und]/& its intol]able wick$ness1 say+1 t ^? m5 lie especially1 = n only is ! man vile1 t is1 n ,noble1 :o1 al?\gh desc5d$ f good p1 is himself wick$1 b also he is mo/ vile2 & ,i quote ! example ( ! "r pa? be+ indicat$1 :]e1 to prove ?is1 x is fit = me to prop\nd a "q1 & to reply to t "q 9 ?is way4 ,!re is a pla9 ) c]ta9 pa?s1 a field ) h$ges1 ) dit*es1 ) rocks1 ) tanglewood1 ) all k9ds ( ob/acles2 ) ! exception ( its two /raight pa?s4 ,& x has sn[$ s mu* t ! sn[ cov]s ev]y?+1 & pres5ts "o smoo? appe>ance on e side1 s t no trace ( any pa? is to be se54 ,"h comes a man f "o "p ( ! c\ntry1 & he wi%es to g to a h\se :i* is on ! o!r side2 & by 8 indu/ry1 t is1 ?r\gh prud5t =esight & ?r\gh ! goodness ( g5ius1 guid$ solely by himself1 he goes ?r\gh ! "r pa? :i!r he meant to g1 leav+ ! pr9ts ( 8 foot/eps beh9d him4 ,ano!r comes aft] ?is man1 & he wi%es to g to t mansion1 & to him x is only ne$ful to foll[ ! footpr9ts left !re2 b ?r\gh 8 own fault ?is man /rays f ! pa?1 :i* ! fir/ man )\t a guide has kn[n h[ to keep2 ?is man1 ?\gh x is po9t$ out to him1 loses 8 way ?r\gh ! brambles & ! rocks1 & he goes n to ! place :i!r he is b\nd4 ,:i* ( ^! m5 ought to be t]m$ excell5t1 brave1 or wor?y8 ,i reply3 ,he :o w5t fir/4 ,h[ w\ld y designate t o!r man8 ,i reply3 ,z mo/ vile4 ,:y is he n call$ unwor?y or c[>dly1 t is to say1 vile8 ,i reply3 ,because unwor?y1 t is1 vile1 he %\ld be call$ :o1 hav+ no guide1 might h fail$ to walk /raight=w>d2 b s9ce ?is man _h a guide1 8 error & 8 fault c rise high]2 & !re=e he is to be call$1 n vile1 b mo/ vile4 ,& likewise he :o1 by 8 fa!r or by "s eld] ( 8 race is ennobl$1 & does n cont9ue 9 a noble c\rse1 n only is he vile1 b he is mo/ vile1 & des]v+ ( z mu* contempt & infamy z any o!r villa91 if n ( m4 ,& because a man may pres]ve himself f ?is vile bas5ess1 ,solomon lays ?is comm& on him :o has _h a brave & excell5t ance/or1 9 ! tw5ty-second *apt] ( ,prov]bs3 ,remove n ! anci5t l&m>k1 :i* ?y fa!rs h set1 ,& previ\sly he says1 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! said book3 ,! pa? ( ! ,j1 t is1 ( ! wor?y m51 is z ! %9+ light1 t %9e? m & m unto ! p]fect day2 ! way ( ! wick$ is z d>kness1 & !y "k n at :at !y /umble4 ,f9ally1 :5 x says1 ,& ?\gh he walks ^u ! e>? ,is c\nt$ ) ! dead1 to 8 great] disgrace ,i say t ?is mo/ wor?less man is dead1 seem+ /ill alive4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t ! wick$ man may be truly said to be dead1 & especially he :o goes a/ray f ! pa? trodd5 by 8 good ance/or4 ,& ?is x is possible to prove ?us3 z ,ari/otle says 9 ! second book ,on ! ,s\l1 to live is to be ) ! liv+2 & s9ce !re are _m ways ( liv+--z 9 ! plants to vegetate2 9 ! animals to vegetate & to feel & to move2 9 m5 to vegetate1 to feel1 to move1 & to reason1 or r to und]/&2 & s9ce ?+s ought to be d5om9at$ by ! noble/ "p1 x is evid5t t 9 animals to live is to feel--9 ! brute animals1 ,i say2 9 man1 to live is to use reason4 ,:]e=e1 if to live is ! life or exi/5ce ( man1 & if ?us to dep>t f ! use ( ,reason1 :i* is 8 life1 is to dep>t f life or exi/5ce1 ev5 ?us is t man dead4 ,& does he n dep>t f ! use ( ,reason :o does n reason or ?9k conc]n+ ! aim ( 8 life8 ,& does he n dep>t f ! use ( ,reason :o does n reason or ?9k conc]n+ ! pa? :i* he ought to take8 ,c]ta9ly he does s dep>t2 & ?is is evid5t especially 9 him :o has ! footpr9ts be=e him1 & looks n at !m2 & !re=e ,solomon says 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,prov]bs3 ,he %all die )\t in/ruction2 & 9 ! greatness ( 8 folly he %all g a/ray1 t is to say1 he is dead :o becomes a disciple1 & :o does n foll[ 8 ma/]2 & su* an "o is mo/ vile4 ,& ( him x w\ld be possible = "s "o to say3 ,h[ is he dead & yet he walks8 ,i reply1 t z a man he is dead1 b z a bea/ he has rema9$ alive2 = z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second book ,on ! ,s\l1 ! p[]s ( ! ,s\l /& ^u itself1 z ! figure ( ! quadrangle /&s ^u ! triangle1 & ! p5tagon /&s ^u ! quadrangle2 s ! s5sitive /&s ^u ! vegetative1 & ! intellectual /&s ^u ! s5sitive4 ,:]e=e1 z1 by remov+ ! la/ side ( ! p5tagon1 ! quadrangle rema9s1 s by remov+ ! la/ p[] ( ! ,s\l1 t is1 ,reason1 ! man no long] rema9s1 b a ?+ ) a s5sitive s\l only1 t is1 ! brute animal4 ,& ?is is ! mean+ or int5tion ( ! second "p ( ! devis$ ,song1 9 :i* are plac$ ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! mo/ beautiful bran* :i* gr[s up f ! root ( ,reason is ,discretion4 ,= z ,/4 ,?omas says !reupon 9 ! prologue to ! book ( ,e?ics1 to "k ! ord] ( "o ?+ to ano!r is ! prop] act ( ,reason2 & ?is is ,discretion4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful & sweete/ fruits ( ?is bran* is ! rev]5ce :i* ! less] owes to ! great]4 ,:]e=e ,tullius1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,(fices1 :5 speak+ ( ! beauty :i* %9es =? 9 ,uprightness1 says t rev]5ce is "p ( t beauty2 & ?us z ?is rev]5ce is ! beauty ( ,uprightness1 s its opposite is bas5ess & want ( uprightness2 :i* opposite quality x is possible to t]m irrev]5ce1 or r z impud5t boldness1 9 our ,vulg> ,tongue4 ,& !re=e ?is ,tullius 9 ! same place says3 ,to treat ) contemptu\s indiff]5ce t :i* o!rs ?9k ( "o1 n only is ! act ( an arrogant1 b also ( a dissolute p]son1 :i* means no o!r except t arrogance & dissolute conduct %[ want ( self-k1 :i* is ! beg9n+ ( ! capacity = all rev]5ce4 ,:]e=e ,i1 desir+ 7& be>+ mean:ile all rev]5ce bo? to ! ,pr9ce & to ! ,philosoph]7 to remove ! infirmity f ! m9ds ( "s m51 9 ord] aft]w>ds to build up !reupon ! light ( tru?1 be=e ,i proce$ to confute ! op9ions prop\nd$1 w %[ h[1 :il/ confut+ ^? op9ions1 ,i argue ) irrev]5ce nei!r aga9/ ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y nor aga9/ ! ,philosoph]4 ,= if 9 any "p ( ?is entire book ,i %\ld appe> irrev]5t1 x w\ld n be s bad z 9 ?is treatise2 9 :i*1 :il/ treat+ ( ,nobility1 ,i ought to appe> ,noble1 & n vile4 ,& fir/ly ,i w prove t ,i d n presume aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,philosoph]2 !n ,i w prove t ,i d n presume aga9/ ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,i say1 !n1 t :5 ! ,philosoph] says1 t :i* appe>s to ! mo/ is impossible to be entirely false1 ,i d n mean to speak ( ! ext]nal appe>ance1 t is1 ! s5sual1 b ( t :i* appe>s )91 ! rational2 s9ce ! s5sual appe>ance1 accord+ to mo/ p1 is _m times mo/ false1 especially 9 ! common ?+s appreciable by ! s5ses1 :]e9 ! s5se is (t5 deceiv$4 ,?us we "k t to mo/ p ! ,sun appe>s ( ! wid? ( a foot 9 diamet]2 & ?is is mo/ false1 =1 accord+ to ! inquiry & ! discov]y :i* human reason has made ) its skill1 ! diamet] ( ! body ( ! ,sun is five times z mu* z t ( ! ,e>? & also "o-half "t m1 s9ce ! ,e>? 9 its diamet] is six ?\s& five hundr$ miles1 ! diamet] ( ! ,sun1 :i* to ! s5se ( sight pres5ts ! appe>ance ( ! wid? ( "o foot1 is ?irty-five ?\s& sev5 hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t ,ari/otle did n und]/& or judge x by ! appe>ance :i* x pres5ts to ! s5se ( sight4 ,& !re=e1 if ,i int5d only to oppose false tru/ 9 appe>ance accord+ to ! s5ses1 t is n done aga9/ ! int5tion ( ! ,philosoph]1 & !re=e ,i d n (f5d aga9/ ! rev]5ce :i* is due to him4 ,& t ,i int5d to confute ! appe>ance accord+ to ! s5se is manife/2 = ^? p :o judge ?us1 judge only by :at !y feel or ?9k ( ^? ?+s :i* =tune c give & take away4 ,=1 because !y see great alliances made & high m>riages to take place1 & ! wond]ful palaces1 ! l>ge possessions1 great lord%ips1 !y believe t all ^? ?+s are ! causes ( ,nobility--nay1 !y believe !m to be ,nobility itself4 ,= if !y c\ld judge ) any appe>ance ( reason1 !y w\ld say ! contr>y1 t is1 t ,nobility is ! cause ( ^! ?+s1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel ( ?is treatise4 ,& ev5 z x may be se5 t ,i speak n aga9/ ! rev]5ce due to ! ,philosoph] :il/ confut+ ?is error1 s ,i speak n aga9/ ! rev]5ce due to ! ,empire2 & ! reason ,i int5d to %[4 ,b :5 he reasons or argues be=e ! adv]s>y1 ! ,rhetorician ought to use mu* caution 9 8 spee*1 9 ord] t ! adv]s>y may n d]ive !nce mat]ial :]e) to di/urb ! ,tru?4 ,i1 :o speak 9 ?is treatise 9 ! pres5ce ( s _m adv]s>ies1 _c speak briefly2 :]e=e1 if my digressions %\ld be long1 let no "o m>vel4 ,i say1 !n1 t1 9 ord] to prove t ,i am n irrev]5t to ! ,maje/y ( ! ,empire1 x is requisite1 9 ! fir/ place1 to see :at rev]5ce is4 ,i say t rev]5ce is no o!r ?an a confession ( due submission by an evid5t sign2 &1 hav+ se5 ?is1 x rema9s to di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,irrev]5t expresses privation1 n rev]5t expresses negation2 &1 !re=e1 irrev]5ce is to disav[ ! due submission by a manife/ sign4 ,! want ( rev]5ce is to refuse submission z n due4 ,a man c d5y or refuse a ?+ 9 a d\ble s5se4 ,9 "o way1 ! man c d5y (f5d+ aga9/ ! ,tru? :5 he ab/a9s f ! due confession1 & ?is prop]ly is to disav[4 ,9 ano!r way1 ! man c d5y (f5d+ aga9/ ! ,tru? :5 he does n confess t :i* is n1 & ?is is prop] negation2 ev5 z = ! man to d5y t he is entirely mortal is to d5y prop]ly speak+4 ,:]e=e1 if ,i d5y or refuse rev]5ce due to ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority1 ,i am n irrev]5t1 b ,i am n rev]5t2 :i* is n aga9/ rev]5ce1 =asmu* z x (f5ds n t ,imp]ial ,au?ority2 ev5 z n to live does n (f5d ,life1 b ,dea?1 :i* is privation ( t ,life1 (f5ds2 :]e=e1 to die is "o ?+ & n to live is ano!r ?+1 = n to live is 9 ! /ones4 ,& s9ce ,dea? expresses privation1 :i* _c be except 9 decease ( ! subject1 & ! /ones are n ! subject ( ,life1 !y %\ld n be call$ dead1 b n liv+4 ,9 l mann]1 ,i1 :o 9 ?is case ought n to h rev]5ce to ! ,imp]ial ,au?ority1 am n irrev]5t if ,i d5y or refuse x1 b ,i am n rev]5t1 :i* is nei!r boldness1 nor presumption1 nor a ?+ to be blam$4 ,b x w\ld be presumption to be rev]5t1 if x c\ld be call$ rev]5ce1 s9ce x w\ld fall into great] & m true irrev]5ce1 t is1 into irrev]5ce ( ,nature & ( ,tru?1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel4 ,aga9/ ?is error t ,ma/] ( ,philosoph]s1 ,ari/otle1 gu>ds1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! book ( ,e?ics1 :5 he says3 ,if ! fri5ds are two1 & "o is ! ,tru?1 _! "o m9d is ! ,tru?'s4 ,if ,i h said t ,i am n rev]5t1 t is1 to d5y rev]5ce1 or by a manife/ sign to d5y or refuse a submission n due4 ,x is to be se5 h[ ?is is to d5y & n to disav[1 t is to say1 x rema9s to be se5 h[1 9 ?is case1 ,i am n rightfully subject to ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,x mu/ be a long argum5t :]e) ,i int5d to prove ?is 9 ! *apt] next foll[+4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,to see h[ 9 ?is case1 t is1 9 approv+ or 9 n approv+ ! op9ion ( ! ,emp]or1 ,i am n held 9 subjection to him1 x is necess>y to recall to m9d t :i* has be5 argu$ previ\sly conc]n+ ! ,imp]ial ,(fice1 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ?is treatise1 namely1 t to promote ! p]fection ( human ,life1 ,imp]ial ,au?ority 0 design$2 & t x is ! director & rul] ( all our op]ations1 & ju/ly s1 = h[ev] f> our op]ations ext5d !mselves1 s f> ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y has jurisdiction1 & beyond ^? limits x does n rea*4 ,b z ea* ,art & ,(fice ( mank9d is re/rict$ by ! ,imp]ial ,(fice )9 c]ta9 limits1 s ?is ,imp]ial ,(fice is conf9$ by ,god )9 c]ta9 b\nds4 ,& x is n to be wond]$ at1 = ! ,(fice & ! ,arts ( ,nature 9 all h] op]ations we see to be limit$4 ,= if we wi% to take ,univ]sal ,nature1 x has jurisdiction z f> z ! :ole ,_w1 ,i say z f> z ,heav5 & ,e>? ext5d2 & ?is )9 a c]ta9 limit1 z is prov$ by ! ?ird *apt] ( ! book on ,physics1 & by ! fir/ *apt]1 ( ,heav5 & ! ,_w4 ,!n ! jurisdiction ( ,univ]sal ,nature is limit$ )9 a c]ta9 b\nd>y1 & consequ5tly ! individual2 ( :i* also ,he is ! ,limit] :o is limit$ by no?+1 t is1 ! ,fir/ ,goodness1 t is1 ,god1 :o alone ) inf9ite capacity compreh5ds ! ,inf9ite4 ,&1 t we may see ! limits ( our op]ations1 x is to be kn[n t ^? alone are our op]ations :i* are subject to ,reason & to ,w2 =1 if 9 u !re is ! dige/ive op]ation1 t is n human1 b natural4 ,& x is to be kn[n t our ,reason is orda9$ to f\r op]ations1 sep>ately to be consid]$2 = ^? are op]ations :i* ,reason only consid]s & does n produce1 nei!r c produce1 any "o ( !m1 su* z are ! ,natural facts & ! ,sup]natural & ! ,ma!matics4 ,& ^? are op]ations :i* x consid]s & does 9 its own prop] act :i* are call$ rational1 su* z are ! arts ( spee*4 ,& ^? are op]ations :i* x consid]s & does 9 mat]ial beyond itself1 su* z are ! ,me*anical ,arts4 ,& all ^! op]ations1 al?\gh ! consid]+ !m is subject to our w1 !y 9 _! ess5tial =m are n subject to our w2 = al?\gh we might w t heavy ?+s %\ld m\nt upw>ds naturally1 !y w\ld n be able to asc5d2 & al?\gh we might w t ! syllogism ) false premisses %\ld conclude ) demon/ration ( ! ,tru?1 x c\ld n s conclude2 & al?\gh we might w t ! h\se %\ld /& z firmly :5 lean+ =w>d z :5 upright1 x c\ld n be2 s9ce ( ^? op]ations we are n prop]ly ! factors1 we are _! discov]]s2 ,ano!r orda9$ !m & made !m1 ! great ,mak]1 :o alone c ,w & ,d ,all--,god4 ,!re also are op]ations :i* our ,reason consid]s & :i* lie 9 ! act ( ! ,w1 su* z to (f5d & to rejoice2 su* z to /& firm 9 ! battle & to fly f x2 su* z to be *a/e & to be lewd2 ^! are entirely subject to our w1 & !re=e we are call$ f !m good & evil1 because su* acts are entirely our own2 = s f> z our w c obta9 p[]1 s f> d our op]ations ext5d4 ,& s9ce 9 all ^! volunt>y op]ations !re is "s equity to pres]ve & "s iniquity to %un--:i* equity may be lo/ ?r\gh two causes1 ei!r ?r\gh n kn[+ :at x is1 or ?r\gh n wi%+ to foll[ x--! writt5 ,reason1 ! ,law1 0 inv5t$1 bo? to po9t x out to u & to comm& its obs]vance4 ,:]e=e ,augu/9e says3 ,if m5 c\ld "k ?is1 t is1 ,equity1 & kn[+ x w\ld obey x1 ! writt5 ,reason1 ! ,law1 w\ld n be ne$ful4 ,& !re=e x is writt5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! old ,dige/s or ,books ( ! ,civil ,law3 ,! writt5 ,reason is ! ,art ( ,goodness & ( ,equity4 ,to write ?is1 to %[ =? & to en=ce ?is1 is ! bus9ess ( t ,(ficial ,po/ ( :i* "o speaks1 t ( ! ,emp]or1 to :om1 z has be5 said1 9 s f> z our own op]ations ext5d1 we are subject1 & no f>!r4 ,= ?is reason 9 ea* ,art & 9 ea* trade ! artific]s & ! s*ol>s are & ought to be subject to ! *ief & to ! ma/] ( _! trades & ,art3 beyond _! call+s ! subjection ceases1 because ! sup]iority ceases4 ,s t x is possible to speak ( ! ,emp]or 9 ?is mann]1 if we w repres5t 8 (fice figuratively1 & say t he may be ! rid] ( ! ,human ,w1 ( :i* horse h[ x goes )\t its rid] ?r\gh ! field is evid5t en\gh1 & especially 9 mis]able ,italy1 left )\t any means = its "r gov]nm5t4 ,& x is to be consid]$ t 9 proportion z a ?+ is m fit = ! ,ma/]'s art1 s mu* ! great] is ! subjection2 = ! cause be+ multipli$1 s is ! effect multipli$4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n t !re are ?+s :i* are su* pure or simple ,arts t ,nature is _! in/rum5t2 ev5 z r[+ ) an o>1 :]e ! ,art makes its in/rum5t by impulsion1 :i* is a natural movem5t2 z 9 ! ?re%+ ( ! corn1 :]e ! ,art makes its in/rum5t1 :i* is a natural quality4 ,& 9 ?is especially a man ought to be subject to ! *ief & ma/] ( ! ,art4 ,& !re are ?+s 9 :i* ,art is ! in/rum5t ( ,nature1 & ^! are less] ,arts2 & 9 ^! ! artific]s are less subject to _! *ief1 z 9 giv+ ! se$ to ! ,e>?1 :]e "o mu/ await ! w ( ,nature2 z to sail out ( ! h>b\r or port1 :]e "o mu/ await ! natural disposition ( ! wea!r2 & !re=e we (t5 see 9 ^! ?+s cont5tion among/ ! artific]s1 & ! great] to ask c\nsel ( ! less]4 ,& !re are o!r ?+s :i* are n ,arts1 b appe> to h "s relation%ip ) !m2 & !re=e m5 are (t5 deceiv$2 & 9 ^! ! s*ol>s are n subject to a ma/]1 nei!r are !y b\nd to believe 9 him s f> z reg>ds ! ,art4 ,?us1 to fi% seems to h "s relation%ip ) navigation2 & to "k ! virtue ( ! h]b or grass seems to h "s relation%ip ) agriculture2 = ^! ,arts h no g5]al rule1 s9ce fi%+ may be bel[ ! ,art ( hunt+1 & b5ea? its comm&2 to "k ! virtue ( ! h]b may be bel[ ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e1 or r bel[ its mo/ noble tea*+4 ,^? ?+s :i* h be5 argu$ conc]n+ ! o!r ,arts 9 l mann] may be se5 9 ! ,imp]ial ,art1 = !re are rules 9 ^? ,arts :i* are pure or simple ,arts1 z are ! laws ( m>riage1 ( s]vants1 ( armies1 ( successors 9 (fices ( dignity2 & 9 all ^! we may be entirely subject to ! ,emp]or )\t d\bt & )\t any suspicion :atev]4 ,!re are o!r laws :i* are ! foll[]s ( ,nature1 su* z to con/itute a man ( suffici5t age to fill "s (fice 9 ! adm9i/ration2 & to su* a law z ?is we are entirely subject2 !re are _m o!rs :i* appe> to h "s relation%ip ) ! ,imp]ial ,art2 & "h he 0 & is deceiv$ :o believes t ! ,imp]ial judgm5t 9 ?is "p may be au!ntic1 z ( y\?1 ^: nature is laid d[n by no ,imp]ial judgm5t1 z x 71 ( ! ,emp]or4 ,r5d]1 !re=e1 unto ,god t :i* is ,god's4 ,:]e=e x is n to be believ$1 nor to be all[$1 because x 0 said by ,n]o ! ,emp]or t y\? is beauty & /r5g? ( body2 b cr$it w\ld be giv5 to ! philosoph] :o %\ld say t y\? is ! cr[n or summit ( ! natural life4 ,& !re=e x is evid5t t to def9e ,nobility is n ! function ( ! ,art ,imp]ial2 & if x is n 9 ! nature ( ! ,art1 :5 we are treat+ ( ,nobility we are n subject to x2 & if we are n subject1 we are n b\nd to yield rev]5ce !re92 & ?is is ! conclusion we h s\ght4 ,n[1 !re=e1 ) all fre$om1 ) all lib]ty ( m9d1 x rema9s to /rike to ! he>t ! vici\s op9ions1 !reby caus+ !m to fall to e>?1 9 ord] t ! ,tru? by means ( ?is my victory may hold ! field 9 ! m9d ( him = :om x is good t ?is ,light %\ld %9e cle>4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,s9ce ! op9ions ( o!rs conc]n+ ,nobility h n[ be5 br\ght =w>d1 & s9ce x has be5 %[n t x is lawful = me to confute ^? op9ions1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to disc\rse conc]n+ t "p ( ! ,song :i* confutes ^? op9ions1 beg9n+1 z has be5 said above3 ,:oev] %all def9e ,! man a liv+ tree4 ,& !re=e x is to be kn[n t 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,emp]or1 al?\gh x /ates x defectively 9 "o "p1 t is1 :]e he spoke ( g5]\s ways1 he allud$ to ! mann]s ( ! ,nobility2 & !re=e ! ,song does n int5d to reprove t "p3 ! o!r "p1 :i* is entirely oppos$ to ! nature ( ,nobility1 x does int5d to confute1 :i* cites two ?+s :5 x says3 ,desc5t ( weal?1 ,! weal? has long be5 great1 t is1 "t & ri*es1 :i* are entirely ap>t f ,nobility1 z has be5 said1 & z w be %[n f>!r on2 &1 !re=e1 9 ?is confutation two divisions are made3 9 ! fir/ we d5y ! ,nobility ( ri*es1 !n confute ! idea t "t c cause ,nobility4 ,! second "p beg9s3 ,!y w n h ! vile ,turn noble4 ,x is to be kn[n t1 ri*es be+ reprov$1 n only is ! op9ion ( ! ,emp]or reprov$ 9 t "p :i* alludes to ! ri*es1 b also entirely t op9ion ( ! common p1 :i* 0 f\nd$ solely ^u ri*es4 ,! fir/ "p is divid$ into two3 9 ! fir/ x says 9 a g5]al way t ! ,emp]or 0 errone\s 9 8 def9ition ( ,nobility2 secondly1 x %[s ! reason :y or h[ t is2 & ?is beg9s t second "p1 ,= ri*es make no ,nobleman4 ,i say1 !n1 ,:oev] %all def9e ,! man a liv+ tree1 t1 fir/ly1 he w speak untru?1 inasmu* z he says tree1 & less ?an tru?1 inasmu* z he says liv+1 & does n say rational1 :i* is ! diff]5ce :]eby ,man is di/+ui%$ f ! ,bea/4 ,!n ,i say t 9 ?is way he 0 errone\s 9 8 def9ition1 he :o held ,imp]ial ,(fice1 n say+ ,emp]or1 b "o rais$ to ,empire1 to indicate1 z has be5 said above1 t ?is "q is beyond ! b\nds ( ! ,imp]ial ,(fice4 ,9 l mann] ,i say t he errs :o places a false subject "u ,nobility1 t is1 desc5t ( weal?1 & !n proce$s to a defective =m1 or r diff]5ce1 t is1 g5]\s ways1 :i* d n conta9 any ess5tial "p ( ,nobility1 b only a small "p1 z w appe> bel[4 ,& x is n to be omitt$1 al?\gh ! text may be sil5t1 t my ,"l ! ,emp]or 9 ?is "p did n err 9 ! p>ts ( ! def9ition1 b only 9 ! mode ( ! def9ition1 al?\gh1 accord+ to :at fame reports ( him1 he 0 a logician & a great s*ol>2 t is to say1 ! def9ition ( ,nobility c be made m suffici5tly by ! effects ?an by ! pr9ciples or premisses1 s9ce x appe>s to h ! place ( a fir/ pr9ciple or premiss1 :i* x is n possible to notify by fir/ ?+s1 b by subsequ5t ?+s4 ,!n1 :5 ,i say1 ,= ri*es make n wor?1 ,i %[ h[ !y _c possibly be ! cause ( ,nobility1 because !y are vile4 ,& ,i prove t !y h n ! p[] to take x away1 because !y are disjo9$ s mu* f ,nobility4 ,& ,i prove ^! to be vile by an especial & mo/ evid5t defect2 & ,i d ?is :5 ,i say1 ,h[ vile & incomplete4 ,f9ally1 ,i conclude1 by virtue ( t :i* is said above3 ,& h5ce ! upright m9d1 ,to its own purpose true1 ,/&s firm al?\gh ! flood ( weal? ,sweep onw>d out ( view2 :i* proves t :i* is said above1 t ^? ri*es are disunit$ f ,nobility by n foll[+ ! effect ( union ) x4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t1 z ! ,philosoph] expresses x1 all ! ?+s :i* make any?+ mu/ fir/ exi/ p]fectly )9 ! be+ ( ! ?+ out ( :i* t o!r ?+ is made4 ,:]e=e he says 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ! ,metaphysics3 ,:5 "o ?+ is g5]at$ f ano!r1 x is g5]at$ ( t ?+ by be+ 9 t ,be+4 ,aga91 x is to be kn[n t ea* ?+ :i* becomes corrupt is ?us corrupt$ by "s *ange or alt]ation1 & ea* ?+ :i* is *ang$ or alt]$ mu/ be conjo9$ ) ! cause ( ! *ange1 ev5 z ! ,philosoph] expresses x 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ! book on ,physics & 9 ! fir/ *apt] on ,g5]ation4 ,^! ?+s be+ prop\nd$1 ,i proce$ ?us1 & ,i say t ri*es1 z ano!r man believ$1 _c possibly be/[ ,nobility1 & to prove h[ great is ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m ,i say t !y are unable to take ,nobility away f him :o possesses x4 ,to be/[ x !y h n ! p[]1 s9ce by nature !y are vile1 & because ( _! vil5ess !y are oppos$ to ,nobility4 ,& "h by vil5ess "o means bas5ess1 ?r\gh deg5]acy1 :i* is directly opposite to ,nobility3 = ! "o opposite ?+ _c be ! mak] ( ! o!r1 nei!r is x possible to be1 = ! reason giv5 above1 :i* is briefly add$ to ! text1 say+1 ,no pa9t] gives a =m ,t is n ( 8 kn[+4 ,:]e=e no pa9t] w\ld be able to depict any figure or =m if he c\ld n fir/ design :at su* figure or =m ought to be4 ,aga91 ri*es _c take x away1 because !y are s f> f ,nobility2 &1 = ! reason previ\sly n>rat$1 t :i* alt]s or corrupts any?+ mu/ be conjo9$ ) t ?+1 & !re=e x is subjo9$3 ,no t[] leans above a /ream ,t f> away is fl[+1 :i* means no?+ m ?an to accord ) t :i* has be5 previ\sly said1 t ri*es _c take ,nobility away1 say+ t ,nobility is1 z x 71 an upright t[] & ri*es a riv] fl[+ swiftly 9 ! di/ance4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,x n[ rema9s only to prove h[ vile ri*es are1 & h[ disjo9$ & f> ap>t !y are f ,nobility2 & ?is is prov$ 9 two little p>ts ( ! text1 to :i* at pres5t x is requisite to pay att5tion1 & !n1 ^? be+ expla9$1 :at ,i h said w be evid5t1 namely1 t ri*es are vile & f> ap>t f ,nobility1 & h]eby ! reasons /at$ above aga9/ ri*es w be p]fectly prov$4 ,i say !n1 ,h[ vile & incomplete ,weal? is1 & to make evid5t :at ,i int5d to say x is to be kn[n t ! vil5ess or bas5ess ( ea* ?+ is d]iv$ f ! imp]fection ( t ?+1 & ,nobility f its p]fection3 :]e=e 9 proportion z a ?+ is p]fect1 x is noble 9 its nature2 9 proportion z x is imp]fect1 x is vile4 ,& !re=e1 if ri*es are imp]fect1 x is evid5t t !y are vile or base4 ,& t !y are imp]fect1 ! text briefly proves :5 x says3 ,h[ev] great ! heap may be1 ,x br+s no peace1 b c>e2 9 :i* x is evid5t1 n only t !y are imp]fect1 b mo/ imp]fect1 & !re=e !y are mo/ vile2 & ,lucan be>s witness to ?is :5 he says1 speak+ ( ^? same ri*es3 ,)\t /rife or cont5tion or opposition1 ! ,laws w\ld p]i%1 & y1 ,ri*es1 ! base/ "p ( ?+s1 y move or are ! cause ( ,battles4 ,x is possible briefly to see _! imp]fection 9 ?ree ?+s q cle>ly3 fir/ly1 9 ! indiscrim9ate mann] 9 :i* !y fall to a p]son's lot2 secondly1 9 _! dang]\s increase2 ?irdly1 9 _! hurtful possession4 ,&1 fir/ly1 t :i* ,i demon/rate conc]n+ ?is is to cle> up a d\bt :i* seems to arise1 =1 s9ce gold1 pe>ls1 & l&s1 may h 9 _! ess5tial be+ p]fect =m & act1 x does n seem true to say t !y are imp]fect4 ,& !re=e "o mu/ di/+ui% t inasmu* z by !mselves1 ( !m x is consid]$1 !y are p]fect ?+s1 & !y are n ri*es1 b gold & pe>ls2 b inasmu* z !y are appo9t$ to ! possession ( man !y are ri*es1 & 9 ?is way !y are full ( imp]fection2 :i* is n an unbecom+ or impossible ?+1 consid]$ f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 to be p]fect & imp]fect4 ,i say t _! imp]fection fir/ly may be obs]v$ 9 ! indiscretion1 or unwisdom1 or folly1 ( _! arrival1 9 :i* no di/ributive ,ju/ice %9es =?1 b complete iniquity almo/ always2 :i* iniquity is ! prop] effect ( imp]fection4 ,= if ! me?ods or ways by :i* !y come are consid]$1 all may be ga!r$ toge!r 9 ?ree me?ods1 or k9ds ( ways3 =1 ei!r !y come by simple *ance1 z :5 )\t int5tion or hope !y come ^u "s discov]y n ?\ght (2 or !y come by =tune :i* is aid$ by law or "r1 z by w1 or te/am5t1 or succession2 or !y come by =tune1 ! help] ( ! ,law1 z by lawful or unlawful provision2 lawful1 ,i say1 :5 by art1 or skill1 or by trade1 or des]v$ k9dness2 unlawful1 ,i say1 :5 ei!r by !ft or rap9e4 ,& 9 ea* "o ( ^! ?ree ways1 "o sees t inequitable "* ( :i* ,i speak1 = m (t5 to ! wick$ ?an to ! good ! hidd5 treasures :i* are discov]$ pres5t !mselves2 & ?is is s evid5t1 t x has no ne$ ( pro(4 ,i saw ! place 9 ! side ( a hill1 or m\nta91 9 ,tuscany1 :i* is call$ ,falt]ona1 :]e ! mo/ vile peasant ( all ! c\ntry1 :il/ digg+1 f\nd m ?an a bu%el ( ! f9e/ ,santl5a silv]1 :i* _h await$ him p]haps = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,& 9 ord] to see ?is iniquity1 ,ari/otle said t 9 proportion z ! ,man is subject to ! ,intellect1 s mu* ! less is he ! slave ( ,=tune4 ,& ,i say t (t5] to ! wick$ ?an to ! good befall legal inh]itance & prop]ty by succession2 & conc]n+ ?is ,i d n wi% to br+ =w>d any pro(1 b let ea* "o turn 8 eyes r\nd 8 own imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & he w see t conc]n+ :i* ,i am sil5t t ,i may n (f5d or br+ %ame to "s "o4 ,w\ld to ,god t might be :i* 0 dem&$ by ! ,man ( ,prov5ce1 namely1 t ! man :o is n ! heir ( goodness %\ld lose ! inh]itance ( weal?4 ,& ,i say t _m times to ! wick$ m ?an to ! good comes ri* provision1 = ! unlawful nev] comes to ! good1 because !y refuse x2 & :at good man ev] w\ld endeav\r to enri* himself by =ce or fraud8 ,t w\ld be impossible1 = by ! m]e *oice ( ! ent]prise he w\ld no m be good4 ,& ! lawful ga9s ( weal? b r>ely fall to ! lot ( ! good1 because1 s9ce mu* anxiety or anxi\s c>e is requir$ !re91 & ! solicitude ( ! good is direct$ to great] ?+s1 ! good man is r>ely solicit\s en\gh to seek !m4 ,:]e=e x is evid5t t 9 ea* way ^! ri*es fall unju/ly or inequitably2 & !re=e our ,"l call$ !m wick$ or unrighte\s :5 ,he said1 ,make to y\rselves fri5ds ( ! ,mammon ( unrighte\sness1 invit+ & enc\rag+ m5 to be lib]al ) good gifts1 :i* are ! begett]s ( fri5ds4 ,& :at a beautiful ex*ange he makes :o gives freely ( ^! mo/ imp]fect ?+s 9 ord] to h & to acquire p]fect ?+s1 su* z are ! he>ts ( good & wor?y m56 ,?is ex*ange x is possible to make e day4 ,c]ta9ly ?is is a new comm]ce1 diff]5t f ! o!rs1 :i*1 ?9k+ to w9 "o man by g5]osity1 has won !reby ?\s&s & ?\s&s4 ,:o lives n aga9 9 ! he>t ( ,alex&] because ( 8 royal b5efic5ce8 ,:o lives n aga9 9 ! good ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 or ,salad91 or ! good ,m>quis ( ,monf]rat1 or ! good ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se1 or ,beltramo dal ,bornio1 or ,galasso da ,montefeltro1 :5 m5tion is made ( _! noble acts ( c\rtesy & lib]ality8 ,c]ta9ly n only ^? :o w\ld d ! same will+ly1 _h !y ! p[]1 b ^? ev5 :o w\ld die be=e !y w\ld d x1 be> love to ! memory ( ^! good m54 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,z has be5 said1 x is possible to see ! imp]fection ( ri*es n only 9 _! indiscrim9ate adv5t1 b also 9 _! dang]\s increase2 & t 9 ?is we may p]ceive _! defect m cle>ly1 ! text makes m5tion ( x1 say+ ( ^? ri*es1 ,h[ev] great ! heap may be ,x br+s no peace1 b c>e2 !y create m ?ir/ & r5d] increase m defective & insuffici5t4 ,& "h x is requisite to "k t defective ?+s may fail 9 su* a way t on ! surface !y appe> complete1 b1 "u pretext ( p]fection1 ! %ortcom+ is conceal$4 ,b !y may h ^? defects s entirely reveal$ t ! imp]fection is se5 op5ly on ! surface4 ,& ^? ?+s :i* d n reveal _! defects 9 ! fir/ place are ! mo/ dang]\s1 s9ce v (t5 x is n possible to be on gu>d aga9/ !m2 ev5 z we see 9 ! traitor :o1 be=e our face1 %[s himself fri5dly1 s t he causes u to h fai? 9 him1 & "u pretext ( fri5d%ip1 hides ! defect ( 8 ho/ility4 ,& 9 ?is way ri*es1 9 _! increase1 are dang]\sly imp]fect1 =1 submitt+ to our eyes ?is t !y promise1 !y br+ j ! contr>y4 ,! trea*]\s ga9s always promise t1 if collect$ up to a c]ta9 am\nt1 !y w make ! collector full ( e satisfaction2 & ) ?is promise !y lead ! ,human ,w into ! vice ( ,av>ice4 ,&1 = ?is reason1 ,boe?ius calls !m1 9 8 book ( ,consolations1 dang]\s1 say+1 ,oh1 alas6 :o 0 t fir/ man :o dug up ! preci\s /ones t wi%$ to hide !mselves1 & :o dug out ! loads ( gold once cov]$ by ! hills1 dang]\s treasures8 ,! trea*]\s ones promise1 if we w b look1 to remove e want1 to qu5* all ?ir/1 to br+ satisfaction & suffici5cy2 & ?is !y d to e man 9 ! beg9n+1 confirm+ promise to a c]ta9 po9t 9 _! increase1 & !n1 z soon z _! pile rises1 9 place ( cont5tm5t & refre%m5t !y br+ on an intol]able fev]-?ir/2 & beyond suffici5cy1 !y ext5d _! limit1 create a desire to amass m1 &1 ) ?is1 fe> & anxiety f> 9 excess ( ! new ga94 ,!n1 truly1 !y br+ no peace1 b m c>e1 m tr\ble1 ?an a man _h 9 ! fir/ place :5 he 0 )\t !m4 ,& !re=e ,tullius says1 9 t book on ,p>adoxes1 :5 execrat+ ri*es3 ,i at no "t firmly believ$ ! money ( ^? m51 or magnific5t mansions1 or ri*es1 or lord%ips1 or voluptu\s joys1 ) :i* especially !y are %ackl$1 to be among/ ?+s good or desirable1 s9ce ,i saw c]ta9 m5 9 ! abundance ( !m especially desire ^? :]e9 !y ab\nd$2 because at no "t is ! ?ir/ ( cupidity qu5*$2 n only are !y torm5t$ by ! desire = ! increase ( ^? ?+s :i* !y possess1 b also !y h torm5t 9 ! fe> ( los+ !m4 ,& all ^! are ! words ( ,tullius1 & ev5 ?us !y /& 9 t book :i* has be5 m5tion$4 ,&1 z a /rong] witness to ?is imp]fection1 he> ,boe?ius1 speak+ 9 8 book ( ,consolation3 ,if ! ,goddess ( ,ri*es 7 to exp& & multiply ri*es till !y 7 z num]\s z ! s&s ?r[n up by ! sea :5 to/ by ! tempe/1 or c\ntless z ! />s t %9e1 /ill ,man w\ld weep4 ,& because /ill fur!r te/imony is ne$ful to r$uce ?is to a pro(1 note h[ mu* ,solomon & 8 fa!r ,david exclaim aga9/ !m1 h[ mu* aga9/ !m is ,s5eca1 especially :5 writ+ to ,lucilius1 h[ mu* ,horace1 h[ mu* ,juv5al1 &1 briefly1 h[ mu* e writ]1 e poet1 & h[ mu* ,div9e ,scripture4 ,all ,tru?ful cries al\d aga9/ ^! false entic]s to s91 full ( all defect4 ,call to m9d also1 9 aid ( fai?1 :at y\r own eyes h se51 :at is ! life ( ^? m5 :o foll[ aft] ri*es1 h[ f> !y live securely :5 !y h pil$ !m up1 :at _! cont5tm5t is1 h[ peacefully !y re/4 ,:at else daily endang]s & de/roys cities1 c\ntries1 individual p]sons1 s mu* z ! fre% heap+ up ( weal? 9 ! possession ( "s man8 ,8 accumulation wak5s new desires1 to ! fulfilm5t ( :i* x is n possible to atta9 )\t injury to "s "o4 ,& :at else does ! ,law1 bo? ,canonical & ,civil1 int5d to rectify except cupidity or av>ice1 :i* gr[s ) its heaps ( ri*es1 & :i* ! ,law seeks to resi/ or prev5t4 ,truly1 ! ,canonical & ! ,civil ,law make x suffici5tly cle>1 if ! fir/ sections ( _! writt5 ^w are read4 ,h[ evid5t x is1 nay1 ,i say x is mo/ evid5t1 t ^! ri*es are1 9 _! increase1 entirely imp]fect2 :51 be+ amass$1 naught else b imp]fection c possibly spr+ =? f !m4 ,& ?is is :at ! text says4 ,b "h arises a d\btful "q1 :i* is n to be pass$ ov] )\t be+ put & answ]$4 ,"s calumniator ( ! ,tru? might be able to say t if1 by increas+ desire 9 _! acquisition1 ri*es are imp]fect & !re=e vile1 = ?is reason sci5ce or k is imp]fect & vile1 9 ! acquisition ( :i* ! desire /eadily increases1 :]e=e ,s5eca says1 ,if ,i %\ld h "o foot 9 ! grave1 ,i %\ld /ill wi% to le>n4 ,b x is n true t k is vile ?r\gh imp]fection4 ,by di/9ction ( ! consequ5ces1 increase ( desire is n 9 k ! cause ( vil5ess4 ,t x is p]fect is evid5t1 = ! ,philosoph]1 9 ! six? book ( ! ,e?ics1 says t sci5ce or k is ! p]fect reason ( c]ta9 ?+s4 ,to ?is "q "o has to reply briefly2 b 9 ! fir/ place x is to be se5 :e!r 9 ! acquisition ( ,k ! desire = x is enl>g$ 9 ! way sugge/$ by ! "q1 & :e!r ! argum5t be rational4 ,:]e=e ,i say t n only 9 ! acquisition ( k & ri*es1 b 9 ea* & e acquisition1 human desire exp&s1 al?\gh 9 diff]5t ways2 & ! reason is ?is3 t ! supreme desire ( ea* ?+ be/[$ by ,nature 9 ! fir/ place is to return to its fir/ s\rce4 ,& s9ce ,god is ! ,fir/ ,cause ( our ,s\ls1 & ! ,mak] ( !m aft] ,8 ,own ,image1 z x is writt51 ,let u make ,man 9 ,our ,image1 aft] ,our lik5ess1 ! ,s\l especially desires to return to t ,fir/ ,cause4 ,z a pilgrim1 :o goes along a pa? :]e he nev] j\rney$ be=e1 may believe e h\se t he sees 9 ! di/ance to be 8 inn1 &1 n f9d+ x to be s1 may direct 8 belief to ! next1 & s travel on f h\se to h\se until he rea* ! inn1 ev5 s our ,s\l1 z soon z x ent]s ! untrodd5 pa? ( ?is life1 directs its eyes to its supreme good1 ! sum ( its day's travel to good2 & !re=e :atev] ?+ x sees :i* seems to h 9 itself "s goodness1 x ?9ks to be ! supreme good4 ,& because its k at fir/ is imp]fect1 ow+ to want ( exp]i5ce & want ( in/ruction1 good ?+s t are b little appe> great to x2 & !re=e 9 ! fir/ place x beg9s to desire ^?4 ,s we see little *ildr5 desire above all ?+s an apple2 & !n1 gr[+ old]1 !y desire a little bird2 & !n1 be+ old]1 desire a beautiful g>m5t2 & !n a horse1 & !n a wife1 & !n mod]ate weal?1 & !n great] weal?1 & !n /ill m4 ,& ?is happ5s because 9 none ( ^! ?+s t is f\nd = :i* se>* is made1 & z we live on we seek fur!r4 ,:]e=e x is possible to see t "o desirable ?+ /&s "u ! o!r 9 ! eyes ( our ,s\l 9 a way almo/ pyramidal1 = ! lea/ fir/ cov]s ! :ole1 & is z x 7 ! po9t ( ! desirable good1 :i* is ,god1 at ! basis ( all2 s t ! f>!r x proce$s f ! po9t t[>ds ! basis1 s mu* ! great] d ! desirable good ?+s appe>2 & ?is is ! reason :y1 by acquisition1 human desires become broad] ! "o aft] ! o!r4 ,b1 ?us ?is pa?way is lo/ ?r\gh error1 ev5 z 9 ! roads ( ! e>?2 = z f "o city to ano!r !re is ( necessity an excell5t direct road1 & (t5 ano!r :i* bran*es f t1 ! bran* road goes into ano!r "p1 & ( _m o!rs "s d n g all ! way1 & "s g f>!r r\nd2 s 9 ,human ,life !re are diff]5t roads1 ( :i* "o is ! true/1 & ano!r ! mo/ mislead+1 & "s are less "r1 & "s less wrong4 ,& z we see t ! /raighte/ road to ! city satisfies desire & gives re/ aft] toil1 & t :i* goes 9 ! opposite direction nev] satisfies & nev] c give re/1 s x happ5s 9 our ,life4 ,! man :o foll[s ! "r pa? atta9s 8 end1 & ga9s 8 re/4 ,! man :o foll[s ! wrong pa? nev] atta9s x1 b ) mu* fatigue ( m9d & gre$y eyes looks always be=e him4 ,:]e=e1 al?\gh ?is argum5t does n entirely reply to ! "q ask$ above1 at lea/ x op5s ! way to ! reply1 :i* causes u to see t ea* desire ( ours does n proce$ 9 its expansion 9 "o way alone4 ,b because ?is *apt] is some:at prolong$1 we w reply 9 a new *apt] to ! "q1 :]e9 may be end$ ! :ole disputation :i* x is our int5tion to make aga9/ ri*es4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,9 reply to ! "q1 ,i say t x is n possible to affirm prop]ly t ! desire = k does increase1 al?\gh1 z has be5 said1 x does exp& 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,= t :i* prop]ly increases is always "o2 ! desire = k is n always "o1 b is _m2 & "o desire fulfill$1 ano!r comes2 s t1 prop]ly speak+1 its expansion is n its increase1 b x is advance ( a succession ( small] ?+s into great ?+s4 ,= if ,i desire to "k ! pr9ciples ( natural ?+s1 z soon z ,i "k ^!1 t desire is satisfi$ & !re is an end ( x4 ,if ,i !n desire to "k ! :y & ! :]e=e ( ea* "o ( ^! pr9ciples1 ?is is a new desire altoge!r4 ,nor by ! adv5t ( t new desire am ,i depriv$ ( ! p]fection to :i* ! o!r might lead me4 ,su* an expansion z t is n ! cause ( imp]fection1 b ( new p]fection4 ,t expansion ( ri*es1 h[ev]1 is prop]ly increas$ :i* is always "o1 s t no succession is se5 !re91 & !re=e no end & no p]fection4 ,& if ! adv]s>y w\ld say1 t if ! desire to "k ! fir/ pr9ciples ( natural ?+s is "o ?+1 & ! desire to "k :at !y are is ano!r1 s is ! desire = a hundr$ m>ks "o ?+1 & ! desire = a ?\s& m>ks is ano!r1 ,i reply t x is n true2 = ! hundr$ is "p ( ! ?\s& & is relat$ to x1 z "p ( a l9e to ! :ole ( ! l9e along :i* "o proce$s by "o impulse alone2 & !re is no succession !re1 nor completion ( motion 9 any "p4 ,b to "k :at ! pr9ciples ( natural ?+s are is n ! same z to "k :at ea* "o ( !m is2 ! "o is n "p ( ! o!r1 & !y are relat$ to ea* o!r z div]g+ l9es along :i* "o does n proce$ by "o impulse1 b ! complet$ movem5t ( ! "o succe$s ! complet$ movem5t ( ! o!r4 ,& ?us x appe>s t1 because ( ! desire = k1 k is n to be call$ imp]fect 9 ! same way z ri*es are to be call$ imp]fect1 on acc\nt ( ! desire = !m1 z ! "q put x2 = 9 ! desire = k ! desires t]m9ate successively ) ! atta9m5t ( _! aims2 & 9 ! desire = ri*es1 ,,no2 s t ! "q is solv$4 ,aga91 ! adv]s>y may calumniate1 say+ t1 al?\gh _m desires are fulfill$ 9 ! acquisition ( k1 ! la/ is nev] atta9$1 :i* is ! imp]fection ( t "o desire1 :i* does n ga9 its end2 & t w be bo? "o & imp]fect4 ,aga9 "o "h replies t x is n a tru? :i* is br\ght =w>d 9 opposition1 t is1 t ! la/ desire is nev] atta9$2 = our natural desires1 z is prov$ 9 ! ?ird treatise ( ?is book1 are all t5d+ to a c]ta9 end2 & ! desire = k is natural1 s t ?is desire compasses a c]ta9 end1 al?\gh b few1 s9ce !y walk 9 ! wrong pa?1 accompli% ! day's j\rney4 ,& he :o und]/&s ! ,comm5tator 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 ,on ! ,s\l1 le>ns ?is ( him2 & !re=e ,ari/otle says1 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ! ,e?ics1 aga9/ ,simonides ! ,poet1 t man ought to draw ne> to ,div9e ?+s z mu* z is possible2 :]e9 he %[s t our p[] t5ds t[>ds a c]ta9 end4 ,& 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,e?ics he says t ! discipl9$ ,m9d dem&s c]ta9ty 9 its k ( ?+s 9 proportion z _! nature receiv$ c]ta9ty1 9 :i* he proves t n only on ! side ( ! man desir+ k1 b on ! side ( ! desir$ object ( k1 att5tion ought to be giv52 & !re=e ,/4 ,paul says3 ,n mu* k1 b "r k 9 mod]ation4 ,s t 9 :atev] way ! desire = k is consid]$1 ei!r g5]ally or p>ticul>ly1 x comes to p]fection4 ,& s9ce k is a noble p]fection1 & ?r\gh ! desire = x its p]fection is n lo/1 z is ! case ) ! accurs$ ri*es1 we mu/ note briefly h[ injuri\s !y are :5 possess$1 & ?is is ! ?ird notice ( _! imp]fection4 ,x is possible to see t ! possession ( !m is injuri\s = two reasons3 "o1 t x is ! cause ( evil2 ! o!r1 t x is ! privation ( good4 ,x is ! cause ( evil1 :i* makes ! timid possessor wakeful1 wat*ful1 & suspici\s or hateful4 ,h[ great is ! fe> ( t man :o kn[s he c>ries weal? ab\t him1 :5 walk+ abroad1 :5 dwell+ at home1 :5 n only wakeful or wat*+1 b :5 sleep+1 n only ! fe> t he may lose 8 prop]ty1 b fe> = 8 life because he possesses ^! ri*es6 ,well d ! mis]able m]*ants "k1 :o travel ?r\gh ! ,_w1 t ! leaves :i* ! w9d /irs on ! trees cause !m to tremble :5 !y are be>+ _! weal? ) !m2 & :5 !y are )\t x1 full ( confid5ce !y g s++ & talk+1 & ?us make _! j\rney %ort]6 ,!re=e ! ,wise ,man says3 ,if ! travell] ent]s on 8 road empty1 he c s+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ?ieves4 ,& ?is ,lucan desires to express 9 ! fif? book1 :5 he praises ! safety ( pov]ty3 ,o1 ! safe & secure lib]ty ( ! poor ,life6 ,o1 n>r[ dwell+-places & ?rift6 ,o1 n aga9 deem ri*es to be ( ! ,gods6 ,9 :at temples & )9 :at palace walls c\ld ?is be1 t is to h no fe>1 9 "s tumult or o!r1 ( /rik+ ! h& ( ,cs>8 ,& ,lucan says ?is :5 he depicts h[ ,cs> came by night to ! little h\se ( ! fi%] ,amyclas to cross ! ,adriatic ,sea4 ,& h[ great is ! hatr$ t ea* man be>s to ! possessor ( ri*es1 ei!r ?r\gh envy1 or f ! desire to take possession ( 8 weal?6 ,s true x is1 t (t5 & (t51 contr>y to due filial piety1 ! son m$itates ! dea? ( ! fa!r2 & mo/ great & mo/ evid5t exp]i5ce ( ?is ! ,italians c h1 bo? on ! banks ( ! ,po & on ! banks ( ! ,tib]4 ,& !re=e ,boe?ius 9 ! second *apt] ( 8 ,consolations says3 ,c]ta9ly ,av>ice makes m5 hateful4 ,nay1 _! possession is privation ( good1 =1 possess+ ^? ri*es1 a man does n give freely ) g5]osity1 :i* is a virtue1 :i* is a p]fect good1 & :i* makes m5 magnific5t & belov$2 :i* does n lie 9 possession ( ^? ri*es1 b 9 ceas+ to possess !m4 ,:]e=e ,boe?ius 9 ! same book says3 ,!n money is good :51 b>t]$ = o!r ?+s1 by ! use ( g5]osity "o no long] possesses x4 ,:]e=e ! bas5ess ( ri*es is suffici5tly prov$ by all ^! rem>ks ( 82 & !re=e ! man ) an upright desire & true k nev] loves !m2 &1 n lov+ !m1 he does n unite himself to !m1 b always desires !m to be f> f himself1 except inasmu* z !y are appo9t$ to "s necess>y s]vice2 & x is a reasonable ?+1 s9ce ! p]fect _c be unit$ ) ! imp]fect4 ,s we see t ! curv$ l9e nev] jo9s ! /raight l9e1 & if !re be any conjunction1 x is n ( l9e to l9e1 b ( po9t to po9t4 ,& ?us x foll[s t ! ,m9d :i* is upright 9 desire1 & tru?ful 9 k1 is n di%e>t5$ at ! loss ( weal?3 z ! text ass]ts at ! end ( t "p4 ,& by ?is ! text int5ds to prove t ri*es are z a riv] fl[+ 9 ! di/ance pa/ ! upright t[] ( ,reason1 or r ( ,nobility2 & t ^! ri*es _c take ,nobility away f him :o has x4 ,& 9 ?is mann] 9 ! pres5t ,song x is argu$ aga9/ ri*es4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,hav+ confut$ ! error ( o!r m5 9 t "p :]e9 x 0 advanc$ 9 support ( ri*es1 x rema9s n[ to confute x 9 t "p :]e ,"t is said to be a cause ( ,nobility1 say+1 ,desc5t ( weal?2 & ?is repro( or confutation is made 9 t "p :i* beg9s3 ,!y w n h ! vile ,turn noble4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place "o confutes ?is by means ( an argum5t tak5 f ^? m5 !mselves :o err 9 ?is way2 !n1 to _! great] confusion1 ?is _! argum5t is also de/roy$2 & x does ?is :5 x says1 ,x foll[s !n f ?is4 ,f9ally x concludes1 _! error be+ evid5t1 & x be+ !re=e "t to att5d to ! ,tru?2 & x does ?is :5 x says1 ,s\nd intellect reproves4 ,i say1 !n1 ,!y w n h ! vile ,turn noble4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t ! op9ion ( ^! errone\s p]sons is1 t a man :o is a peasant 9 ! fir/ place c nev] possibly be call$ a ,nobleman2 & ! man :o is ! son ( a peasant 9 l mann] c nev] be ,noble2 & ?is breaks or de/roys _! own argum5t :5 !y say t ,"t is requisite to ,nobility1 add+ t ^w desc5t4 ,= x is impossible by process ( ,"t to come to ! g5]ation ( ,nobility 9 ?is way ( !irs1 :i* decl>es x to be impossible = ! humble peasant to become ,noble by any "w t he may d1 or ?r\gh any accid5t2 & decl>es ! mutation ( a peasant fa!r into a ,noble son to be impossible4 ,= if ! son ( ! peasant is also a peasant1 & 8 son aga9 is also a peasant1 & s always1 x w nev] be possible to discov] ! place :]e ,nobility c beg9 to be e/abli%$ by process ( ,"t4 ,& if ! adv]s>y1 wi%+ to def5d himself1 %\ld say t ,nobility w beg9 at t p]iod ( ,"t :5 ! l[ e/ate ( ! ance/ors w be =gott51 ,i reply t ?is goes aga9/ !mselves1 = ev5 ( necessity !re w be a transmutation ( peasant into ,noble1 f "o man into ano!r1 or f fa!r to son1 :i* is aga9/ t :i* !y prop\nd4 ,& if ! adv]s>y %\ld def5d himself p]t9aci\sly1 say+ t inde$ !y d desire t x %\ld be possible = ?is transmutation to take place :5 ! l[ e/ate ( ! ance/ors passes into oblivion1 al?\gh ! text takes no notice ( ?is1 x is "r t ! ,comm5t>y %\ld reply to x4 ,& !re=e ,i reply ?us3 t f ?is :i* !y say !re foll[ f\r v great difficulties1 s t x _c possibly be a good argum5t4 ,"o is1 t 9 proportion z ,human ,nature might become bett]1 ! sl[] w\ld be ! g5]ation ( ,nobility1 :i* is a v great inconv5i5ce2 s9ce 9 proportion z a ?+ is hon\r$ = its excell5ce1 s mu* ! m is x ! cause ( goodness2 & ,nobility is reckon$ among/ ! good4 ,:at ?is means is %[n ?us3 ,if ,nobility1 :i* ,i und]/& z a good ?+1 %\ld be g5]at$ by oblivion1 ,nobility w\ld be g5]at$ 9 proportion to ! spe$9ess ) :i* m5 might be =gott51 = s mu* ! soon] w\ld oblivion desc5d ^u all4 ,h5ce1 9 proportion z m5 might be =gott51 s mu* ! soon] w\ld !y be ,noble2 &1 on ! contr>y1 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* !y 7 held 9 remembrance1 s mu* ! long] x w\ld be be=e !y c\ld be ennobl$4 ,! second difficulty is1 t 9 no?+ ap>t f m5 w\ld x be possible to make ?is di/9ction1 t is to say1 ,noble or ,vile1 :i* is v inconv5i5t2 s9ce1 9 ea* species ( ?+s we see ! image ( ,nobility or ( ,bas5ess1 :]e=e we (t5 call "o horse noble & "o vile2 & "o falcon noble & "o vile2 & "o pe>l noble & "o vile4 ,& t x w\ld n be possible to make ?is di/9ction is ?us prov$2 if ! oblivion ( ! humble ance/ors is ! cause ( ,nobility1 or r ! bas5ess ( ! ance/ors nev] 01 x is n possible = oblivion ( !m to be1 s9ce oblivion is a de/ruction ( remembrance1 & 9 ^? o!r animals1 & 9 plants1 & 9 m9]als1 l[ness & l(t9ess are n obs]v$1 s9ce 9 "o !y are natural or innate & 9 an equal /ate1 & ,nobility _c possibly be 9 _! g5]ation1 & likewise nei!r c vil5ess nor bas5ess2 s9ce "o reg>ds ! "o & ! o!r z habit & privation1 :i* are possible to occur 9 ! same subject2 & !re=e 9 !m x w\ld n be possible = a di/9ction to exi/ betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r4 ,& if ! adv]s>y %\ld wi% to say1 t 9 o!r ?+s ,nobility is repres5t$ by ! goodness ( ! ?+1 b 9 a man x is und]/ood because !re is no remembrance ( 8 humble or base condition1 "o w\ld wi% to reply n ) words1 b ) ! sword1 to su* be/iality z x w\ld be to give to o!r ?+s goodness z a cause = ,nobility1 & to f\nd ! ,nobility ( m5 ^u =getfulness or oblivion z a fir/ cause4 ,! ?ird difficulty is1 t (t5 ! p]son or ?+ g5]at$ w\ld come be=e ! g5]ator1 :i* is q impossible2 & x is possible to prove ?is ?us3 ,let u suppose t ,gh]>do da ,camm9o might h be5 ! gr&son ( ! mo/ vile peasant :o ev] drank ( ! ,sile or ( ! ,cagnano1 & t oblivion _h n yet ov]tak5 8 gr&fa!r2 :o w be bold en\gh to say t ,gh]>do da ,camm9o 0 a vile man8 & :o w n agree ) me 9 say+ t he 0 ,noble8 ,c]ta9ly no "o1 h[ev] presumptu\s he may wi% to be1 = he 0 s1 & 8 memory w always be treasur$4 ,if oblivion _h n yet ov]tak5 8 ance/or1 z is propos$ 9 opposition1 s t he might be great ?r\gh ,nobility1 & ! ,nobility 9 him might be se5 s cle>ly1 ev5 z "o does see x1 !n x w\ld h be5 fir/ 9 him be=e ! f\nd] ( 8 ,nobility c\ld h exi/$2 & ?is is impossible 9 ! extreme4 ,! f\r? difficulty is1 t su* a man1 ! suppos$ gr&fa!r1 w\ld h be5 held ,noble aft] he 0 dead :o 0 n ,noble :il/ alive2 & a m inconv5i5t ?+ c\ld n be4 ,"o proves x ?us3 ,let u suppose t 9 ! age ( ,d>danus !re might be a remembrance ( 8 l[ ance/ors1 & let u suppose t 9 ! age ( ,laom$on ?is memory might h pass$ away1 & t oblivion _h ov]tak5 x4 ,accord+ to ! adv]se op9ion1 ,laom$on 0 ,noble & ,d>danus 0 vile1 ea* 9 8 lifetime4 ,we1 to :om ! remembrance ( ! ance/ors ( ,d>danus has n come1 %all we say t ,d>danus liv+ 0 vile1 & dead a ,noble8 ,& is n ?is contr>y to ! leg5d :i* says t ,d>danus 0 ! son ( ,jupit] 7= su* is ! fable1 :i* "o ought n to reg>d :il/ disput+ philosophically72 & yet if ! adv]s>y might wi% to f9d support 9 ! fable1 c]ta9ly t :i* ! fable veils de/roys 8 argum5ts4 ,& ?us x is prov$ t ! argum5t1 :i* ass]t$ t oblivion is ! cause ( ,nobility1 is false4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,s9ce1 by _! own argum5t1 ! ,song has confut$ !m1 & prov$ t ,"t is n requisite to ,nobility1 x proce$s imm$iately to conf\nd _! premisses1 s9ce ( _! false argum5ts no ru/ rema9s 9 ! m9d :i* is dispos$ t[>ds ,tru?2 & ?is x does :5 x says1 ,x foll[s !n f ?is4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t if x is n possible = a peasant to become a ,noble1 or = a ,noble son to be born ( a humble fa!r1 z is advanc$ 9 _! op9ion1 ( two difficulties "o mu/ foll[4 ,! fir/ is1 t !re c be no ,nobility2 ! o!r is1 t ! ,_w may h be5 always full ( m51 s t f "o alone ! ,human ,race _c be desc5d$2 & ?is x is possible to prove4 ,if ,nobility is n g5]at$ afre%1 & x has be5 /at$ _m times t su* is ! basis ( _! op9ion1 ! peasant man n be+ able to beget x 9 himself1 or ! humble fa!r to pass x on to 8 son1 ! man always is ! same z he 0 born2 & su* z ! fa!r 0 born1 s is ! son born2 & s ?is process f "o condition onw>ds is rea*$ ev5 by ! fir/ p>5t2 = su* z 0 ! fir/ fa!r1 t is1 ,adam1 s mu/ ! :ole ,human ,race be1 because f him to ! mod]n nations x w n be possible to f9d1 accord+ to t argum5t1 any *ange :atev]4 ,!n1 if ,adam himself 0 ,noble1 we are all ,noble2 if he 0 vile1 we are all vile or base2 :i* is no o!r ?an to remove ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! conditions1 & ?us x is to remove ! conditions4 ,& ! ,song /ates ?is1 :i* foll[s f :at is advanc$1 say+1 ,t all are high or base4 ,& if ?is is n s1 !n any nation is to be call$ ,noble1 & any is to be call$ vile1 ( necessity4 ,transmutation f vil5ess into ,nobility be+ ?us tak5 away1 ! ,human ,race mu/ be desc5d$ f diff]5t ance/ors1 t is1 "s f ,nobles & "s f vile p]sons1 & s ! ,song says1 ,or t 9 ,"t !re nev] 0 ,beg9n+ to our race1 t is to say1 "o beg9n+2 x does n say beg9n+s4 ,& ?is is mo/ false accord+ to ! ,philosoph]1 accord+ to our ,fai?1 :i* _c lie1 accord+ to ! ,law & anci5t belief ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,= al?\gh ! ,philosoph] does n ass]t ! succession f "o fir/ man1 yet he w\ld h "o ess5tial be+ to be 9 all m51 :i* _c possibly h diff]5t orig9s4 ,& ,plato w\ld h t all m5 dep5d ^u "o idea alone1 & n on m or _m1 :i* is to give !m only "o beg9n+4 ,& und\bt$ly ,ari/otle w\ld laugh v l\dly if he he>d ( two species to be made out ( ! ,human ,race1 z ( horses & asses2 & 7may ,ari/otle =give me7 "o might call ^? m5 asses :o ?9k 9 ?is way4 ,= accord+ to our ,fai? 7:i* is to be pres]v$ 9 its entirety7 x is mo/ false1 z ,solomon makes evid5t :]e he draws a di/9ction betwe5 m5 & ! brute animals1 = he calls m5 all ! sons ( ,adam1 & ?is he does :5 he says3 ,:o kn[s if ! spirits ( ! sons ( ,adam m\nt upw>ds1 & if ^? ( ! bea/s g d[nw>ds8 ,& t x is false accord+ to ! ,g5tiles1 let ! te/imony ( ,ovid 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 ,metamorphoses prove1 :]e he treats ( ! con/itution ( ! ,_w accord+ to ! ,pagan belief1 or r belief ( ! ,g5tiles1 say+3 ,man is born --he did n say ,m52 he said1 ,man is born1 or r1 t ! ,artific] ( all ?+s made him f ,div9e se$1 or t ! new e>?1 b lately p>t$ f ! noble e!r1 reta9$ se$s ( ! k9dr$ ,heav51 :i*1 m+l$ ) ! wat] ( ! riv]1 =m$ ! son ( ,japhet into an image ( ! ,gods1 :o gov]n all4 ,:]e evid5tly he ass]ts ! fir/ man to h be5 "o alone2 & !re=e ! ,song says1 ,b t ,i _c hold1 t is1 to ! op9ion t man _h n "o beg9n+2 & ! ,song subjo9s1 ,nor yet if ,*ri/ians !y4 ,& x says ,*ri/ians1 n ,philosoph]s1 or r ,g5tiles1 ^: op9ion also is adv]se1 because ! ,*ri/ian op9ion is ( great] =ce1 & is ! de/roy] ( all calumny1 ?anks to ! supreme light ( ,heav51 :i* illum9ates x4 ,!n :5 ,i say1 ,s\nd intellect reproves _! words ,z false1 & turns away1 ,i conclude ?is error to be confut$1 & ,i say t x is "t to op5 ! eyes to ! ,tru?2 & ?is is express$ :5 ,i say1 ,& n[ ,i seek to tell1 ,z x appe>s to me4 ,x is n[ evid5t to s\nd m9ds t ! words ( ^? m5 are va91 t is1 )\t a crumb or p>ticle ( ,tru?2 & ,i say s\nd n )\t cause4 ,our intellect may be said to be s\nd or uns\nd4 ,& ,i say intellect = ! noble "p ( our ,s\l1 :i* x is possible to designate by ! common ^w ,m9d4 ,x may be call$ s\nd or heal?y1 :5 x is n ob/ruct$ 9 its action by sickness ( m9d or body1 :i* is to "k :at ?+s are1 z ,ari/otle expresses x 9 ! ?ird *apt] on ! ,s\l4 ,=1 ow+ to ! sickness ( ! ,s\l1 ,i h se5 ?ree horrible infirmities 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,"o is caus$ by natural vanity1 = _m m5 are s presumptu\s t !y believe !y "k ev]y?+1 &1 ow+ to ?is1 !y ass]t ?+s to be facts :i* are n facts4 ,tullius especially execrates ?is vice 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,(fices1 & ,/4 ,?omas 9 8 book aga9/ ! ,g5tiles1 say+3 ,!re are _m m51 s presumptu\s 9 _! conceit1 :o believe t !y c compass all ?+s ) _! intellect1 deem+ all t appe>s to !m to be true1 & c\nt z false t :i* does n appe> to !m4 ,h5ce x arises t !y nev] atta9 to any k2 believ+ !mselves to be suffici5tly le>n$1 !y nev] inquire1 !y nev] li/52 !y desire to be inquir$ (1 & :5 a "q is put1 bad en\gh is _! reply4 ,( ^? m5 ,solomon speaks 9 ,prov]bs3 ,see/ ?\ a man t is ha/y 9 8 words8 !re is m hope ( a fool ?an ( him4 ,ano!r infirmity ( m9d is caus$ by natural weakness or smallness1 = _m m5 are s vilely ob/9ate or /ubborn t !y _c believe t x is possible ei!r = !m or = o!rs to "k ?+s2 & su* m5 z ^! nev] ( !mselves seek k1 nor ev] reason2 = :at o!r m5 say1 !y c>e n at all4 ,& aga9/ ^! m5 ,ari/otle speaks 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,e?ics1 decl>+ ^? m5 to be insuffici5t or unsatisfactory he>]s ( ,moral ,philosophy4 ,^? m5 always live1 l bea/s1 a life ( grossness1 ! despair ( all le>n+4 ,! ?ird infirmity ( m9d is caus$ by ! levity ( nature2 = _m m5 are ( su* light fancy t 9 all _! argum5ts !y g a/ray1 & ev5 :5 !y make a syllogism & h conclud$1 f t conclusion !y fly (f into ano!r1 & x seems to !m mo/ subtle argum5t4 ,!y />t n f any true beg9n+1 & truly !y see no?+ true 9 _! imag9ation4 ,( ^? m5 ! ,philosoph] says t x is n "r to tr\ble ab\t !m1 or to h bus9ess ) !m1 say+1 9 ! fir/ book ( ,physics1 t aga9/ him :o d5ies ! fir/ po/ulate x is n "r to dispute4 ,& ( su* m5 z ^! are _m idiots1 :o may n "k _! ,a ,b ,c1 & :o w\ld wi% to dispute 9 ,geometry1 9 ,a/rology1 & 9 ! ,sci5ce ( ,physics4 ,also ?r\gh sickness or defect ( body1 x is possible = ! ,m9d to be uns\nd or sick2 ev5 z ?r\gh "s primal defect at bir?1 z ) ^? :o are born fools1 or ?r\gh alt]ation 9 ! bra91 z ) ! madm54 ,& ( ?is m5tal infirmity ! ,law speaks :5 x says3 ,9 him :o makes a ,w or ,te/am5t1 at ! "t :5 he makes ! ,w or ,te/am5t1 heal? ( m9d1 n heal? ( body1 is requir$4 ,b to ^? intellects :i* f sickness ( m9d or body are n infirm1 b are free1 dilig5t1 & :ole 9 ! light ( ,tru?1 ,i say x mu/ be evid5t t ! op9ion ( ! p1 :i* has be5 /at$ above1 is va91 t is1 )\t any value :atev]1 wor?less4 ,aft]w>ds ! ,song subjo9s t ,i ?us judge !m to be false & va92 & ?is x does :5 x says1 ,s\nd intellect reproves _! words ,z false1 & turns away4 ,& aft]w>ds ,i say t x is "t to demon/rate or prove ! ,tru?2 & ,i say t x is n[ "r to /ate :at k9d ( ?+ true ,nobility is1 & h[ x is possible to "k ! man 9 :om x exi/s2 & ,i speak ( ?is :]e ,i say3 ,& n[ ,i seek to tell ,z x appe>s to me1 ,:at is1 :5ce comes1 :at signs atte/ ,a true ,nobility4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,! ,k+ %all rejoice 9 ,god1 & all ^? %all be prais$ :o swe> by him1 = clos$ is ! m\? ( ^? :o speak wick$ ?+s4 ,^! words ,i c "h prop\nd 9 all tru?2 because ea* true ,k+ ought especially to love ! ,tru?4 ,:]e=e x is writt5 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom1 ,love ! ,light ( ,wisdom1 y1 :o /& be=e1 ! p1 & ! ,light ( ,wisdom is ?is same ,tru?4 ,i say1 !n1 e ,k+ %all rejoice t ! mo/ false & mo/ injuri\s op9ion ( ! wick$ & deceitful m5 :o h up to ?is "t spok5 iniquit\sly ( ,nobility is confut$4 ,x is n[ requisite to proce$ to ! discussion ( ! ,tru? accord+ to ! division made above1 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! pres5t treatise4 ,?is second "p1 !n1 :i* beg9s1 ,i say t f "o root ,ea* ,virtue fir/ly spr+s1 int5ds to describe ?is ,nobility accord+ to ! ,tru?1 & ?is "p is divid$ into two3 = 9 ! fir/ ! int5tion is to prove :at ?is ,nobility is2 & 9 ! second h[ x is possible to recognize him 9 :om x dwells1 & ?is second "p beg9s1 ,su* virtue %[s its good4 ,! fir/ "p1 aga91 has two p>ts2 = 9 ! fir/ c]ta9 ?+s are s\ght = :i* are ne$ful 9 ord] to p]ceive ! def9ition ( ,nobility2 9 ! second1 "o looks = its def9ition1 & ?is second "p beg9s1 ,:]e virtue is1 !re is ,a ,nobleman4 ,t we may ent] p]fectly into ! treatise1 two ?+s are to be consid]$ 9 ! fir/ place4 ,! "o is1 :at is meant by ?is ^w ,nobility1 tak5 alone1 9 its simple mean+2 ! o!r is1 9 :at pa? x is ne$ful to walk 9 ord] to se>* out ! be=e-nam$ def9ition4 ,i say1 !n1 t1 if we w pay att5tion to ! common use ( spee*1 by ?is ^w ,nobility is und]/ood ! p]fection ( its own nature 9 ea* ?+2 :]e=e x is pr$icat$ n only ( ! man1 b also ( all ?+s2 = ! man calls a /one noble1 a plant or tree noble1 a horse noble1 a falcon noble1 :atev] is se5 to be p]fect 9 its nature4 ,& !re=e ,solomon says 9 ,ecclesia/es1 ,bless$ is ! l& ^: ,k+ is ,noble2 :i* is no o!r ?an say+1 ^: ,k+ is p]fect accord+ to ! p]fection ( ! m9d & body2 & he ?us makes ?is evid5t by t :i* he says previ\sly1 :5 he writes1 ,woe unto ! l& ^: ,k+ is a *ild4 ,= t is n a p]fect man1 & a man is a *ild1 if n by age1 yet by 8 disord]$ mann]s & by ! evil or defect ( 8 life1 z ! ,philosoph] tea*es 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,e?ics4 ,!re are "s fooli% p :o believe t by ?is ^w ,noble is meant t :i* is to be nam$ & kn[n by _m m52 & !y say t x comes f a v]b :i* /&s = to "k1 t is1 nosco4 ,b ?is is mo/ false1 =1 if ?is c\ld be1 ^? ?+s :i* 7 mo/ nam$ & be/ kn[n 9 _! species w\ld 9 _! species be ! mo/ noble4 ,?us ! obelisk ( ,/4 ,pet] w\ld be ! mo/ noble /one 9 ! _w2 & ,asd5te1 ! %oemak] ( ,p>ma1 w\ld be m ,noble ?an any "o ( 8 fell[-citiz5s2 & ,albu9o della ,scala w\ld be m ,noble ?an ,guido da ,ca/ello di ,reggio4 ,ea* "o ( ^? ?+s is mo/ false1 & !re=e x is mo/ false t nobile 7noble7 c come f cognosc]e1 to "k4 ,x comes f non vile 7n vile72 :]e=e nobile 7noble7 is z x 7 non vile 7n vile74 ,?is p]fection ! ,philosoph] means 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,physics1 :5 he says3 ,ea* ?+ is especially p]fect :5 x t\*es & jo9s its own prop] or relative virtue2 & !n x is especially p]fect accord+ to its nature4 ,x is1 !n1 possible to call ! circle p]fect :5 x is truly a circle1 t is1 :5 x is jo9$ ) its own prop] or relative virtue1 x is !n complete 9 its nature1 & x may !n be call$ a noble circle4 ,?is is :5 !re is a po9t 9 x :i* is equally di/ant f ! circumf]5ce4 ,t circle :i* has ! figure ( an egg loses its virtue & x is n ,noble1 nor t circle :i* has ! =m ( an almo/ full moon1 because 9 t its nature is n p]fect4 ,& ?us evid5tly x is possible to see t commonly1 or 9 a g5]al s5se1 ?is ^w ,nobility1 expresses 9 all ?+s p]fection ( _! nature1 & ?is is t = :i* "o seeks prim>ily 9 ord] to ent] m cle>ly into ! discussion ( t "p :i* x is int5d$ to expla94 ,secondly1 x rema9s to be se5 h[ "o mu/ proce$ 9 ord] to f9d ! def9ition ( ,human ,nobility to :i* ! pres5t argum5t leads4 ,i say1 !n1 t s9ce 9 ^? ?+s :i* are ( "o species1 z are all m51 x is n possible by ess5tial fir/ pr9ciples to def9e _! highe/ p]fection1 x is necess>y to "k & to def9e t by _! effects4 ,!re=e "o reads 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 :5 ,*ri/ speaks1 ,bew>e ( false prophets3 by _! fruits ye %all "k !m4 ,& 9 a direct way ! def9ition we seek is to be se5 by ! fruits1 :i* are ! moral & intellectual virtues ( :i* ?is ,nobility is ! se$1 z 9 its def9ition w be fully evid5t4 ,& ^! are ^? two ?+s we mu/ see be=e "o c proce$ to ! o!rs1 z is said 9 ! previ\s "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,s9ce ^? two ?+s :i* x seem$ ne$ful to und]/& be=e ! text c\ld be proce$$ ) h be5 se5 & und]/ood1 x n[ rema9s to proce$ ) ! text & to expla9 x1 & ! text !n beg9s3 ,i say t f "o root ,ea* ,virtue fir/ly spr+s1 ,virtue1 ,i mean1 t ,happ9ess ,to man1 by action1 br+s ,& ,i subjo93 ,?is1 z ! ,e?ics tea*1 ,is habit ( "r *oice2 plac+ ! :ole def9ition ( ! ,moral ,virtues z x is def9$ by ! ,philosoph] 9 ! second book ( ,e?ics1 9 :i* two ?+s pr9cipally are und]/ood4 ,"o is1 t ea* ,virtue comes f "o fir/ pr9ciple or orig9al cause2 ! o!r is1 t by ,ea* ,virtue ,i mean ! ,moral ,virtues1 & ?is is evid5t f ! words1 ,?is1 z ! ,e?ics tea* ,h5ce x is to be kn[n t our mo/ "r & prop] fruits are ! ,moral ,virtues1 s9ce on e side !y are 9 our p[]2 & ^! are diff]5tly di/+ui%$ & enum]at$ by diff]5t philosoph]s4 ,b x seems to me "r to omit ! op9ion ( o!r m5 9 t "p :]e ! div9e op9ion ( ,ari/otle is /at$ by ^w ( m\?1 & !re=e1 wi%+ to describe :at ^? ,moral ,virtues are1 ,i w pass on1 briefly disc\rs+ ( !m accord+ to 8 op9ion4 ,!re are elev5 ,virtues nam$ by ! said ,philosoph]4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,c\rage1 :i* is sword & bridle to mod]ate our boldness & timidity 9 ?+s :i* are ! ru9 ( our life4 ,! second is ,temp]ance1 :i* is ! law & bridle ( our gluttony & ( our undue ab/95ce 9 ^? ?+s requisite = ! pres]vation ( our life4 ,! ?ird is ,lib]ality1 :i* is ! mod]ator ( our giv+ & ( our receiv+ ?+s temporal4 ,! f\r? is ,magnific5ce1 :i* is ! mod]ator ( great exp5ditures1 mak+ & support+ ^? )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,! fif? is ,magnanimity1 :i* is ! mod]ator & acquir] ( great hon\rs & fame4 ,! six? is ! ,love ( ,hon\r1 :i* is ! mod]ator & regulator to u ( ! hon\rs ( ?is ,_w4 ,! sev5? is ,mildness1 :i* mod]ates our ang] & our excessive or undue pati5ce aga9/ our ext]nal mis=tunes4 ,! eigh? is ,affability1 :i* makes u live on good t]ms ) o!r m54 ,! n9? is call$ ,tru?1 :i* makes u mod]ate 9 boa/+ ourselves ov] & above :at we are1 & 9 depreciat+ ourselves bel[ :at we are 9 our spee*4 ,! t5? is call$ ,eutrapelia1 pleasantness ( int]c\rse1 :i* makes u mod]ate 9 joys or pleasures1 caus+ u to use !m 9 due measure4 ,! elev5? is ,ju/ice1 :i* tea*es u to love & to act ) uprightness 9 all ?+s4 ,& ea* ( ^! ,virtues has two collat]al enemies1 t is to say1 vices2 "o 9 excess & "o 9 defect4 ,& ^! ,moral ,virtues are ! c5tres or middle /ations betwe5 !m1 & ^? ,virtues all spr+ f "o root or pr9ciple1 t is to say1 f ! habit ( our own good *oice4 ,:]e=e1 9 a g5]al s5se1 x is possible to say ( all1 t !y are a habit ( *oice /&+ firm 9 due mod]ation2 & ^! are ^? :i* make a man happy 9 _! active op]ation1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,e?ics :5 he def9es ,happ9ess1 say+ t ,happ9ess is virtu\s action 9 a p]fect life4 ,by _m1 ,prud5ce1 t is1 good1 judgm5t or wisdom1 is well ass]t$ to be a ,moral ,virtue4 ,b ,ari/otle numb]s t among/ ! ,intellectual ,virtues1 al?\gh x is ! guide ( ! moral1 & po9ts out ! way by :i* !y are =m$1 & )\t x !y c\ld n be4 ,v]ily1 x is to be kn[n t we c h 9 ?is life two happ9esses or felicities by foll[+ two diff]5t roads1 bo? good & excell5t1 :i* lead u to !m3 ! "o is ! ,active ,life & ! o!r is ! ,contemplative ,life1 :i* 7al?\gh by ! ,active ,life "o may atta91 z has be5 said1 to a good /ate ( ,happ9ess7 leads u to supreme ,happ9ess1 ev5 z ! ,philosoph] proves 9 ! t5? book ( ! ,e?ics2 & ,*ri/ affirms x ) ,8 own ,lips 9 ! ,gospel ( ,luke1 speak+ to ,m>?a1 :5 reply+ to h]3 ,m>?a1 ,m>?a1 ?\ art anxi\s & tr\bl$ ab\t _m ?+s3 v]ily1 "o ?+ alone is ne$ful1 mean+1 t :i* ?\ ha/ 9 h&2 & ,he adds3 ,m>y has *os5 ! bett] "p1 :i* %all n be tak5 away f h]4 ,& ,m>y1 accord+ to t :i* is previ\sly writt5 9 ! ,gospel1 sitt+ at ! feet ( ,*ri/1 %[$ no c>e = ! s]vice ( ! h\se1 b li/5$ only to ! words ( ! ,savi\r4 ,= if we w expla9 ?is 9 ! moral s5se1 our ,"l wi%$ to %[ !reby t ! ,contemplative ,life 0 supremely good1 al?\gh ! ,active ,life might be good2 ?is is evid5t to him :o w give 8 m9d to ! words ( ! ,gospel4 ,x w\ld be possible1 h[ev]1 = any "o to say1 9 argum5t aga9/ me3 ,s9ce ! happ9ess ( ! ,contemplative ,life is m excell5t ?an t ( ! ,active ,life1 & bo? may be1 & are1 ! fruit & end ( ,nobility1 :y n r h proce$$ 9 ! argum5t along ! l9e ( ! ,intellectual ,virtues ?an ( ! ,moral8 ,to ?is x is possible to reply briefly1 t 9 all in/ruction x is desirable to h reg>d to ! capability ( ! le>n]1 & to lead him by t pa? :i* is easie/ to him4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ! ,moral ,virtues appe> to be1 & are1 m g5]al & m requir$ ?an ! o!rs1 & are m se5 9 outw>d appe>ances1 x 0 m conv5i5t & m useful to proce$ along t pa? ?an by ! o!r2 = ?us inde$ we %all atta9 to ! k ( ! bees by argu+ ( pr(it f ! wax1 z well z by argu+ ( pr(it f ! honey1 = bo? ! "o & ! o!r proce$ f !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] has be5 det]m9$ h[ ea* ,moral ,virtue comes f "o root1 or fir/ pr9ciple1 t is1 a good habit ( *oice2 & ! pres5t text be>s ^u t1 until ! "p :i* beg9s3 ,nobility by "r4 ,9 ?is "p1 !n1 x proce$s1 by a way t is all[able1 to tea* t ea* ,virtue m5tion$ above1 tak5 s+ly1 or o!rwise g5]ally1 proce$s f ,nobility z an effect f its cause1 & x is f\nd$ ^u a philosophical proposition1 :i* says t1 :5 two ?+s are f\nd to meet 9 "o1 bo? ^! ?+s mu/ be r$uc$ to a ?ird1 or "o to ! o!r1 z an effect to a cause3 because "o ?+ hav+ /ood fir/ & ( itself1 x _c exi/ except x be f "o2 & if ^? two c\ld n be bo? ! effect ( a ?ird1 or else "o ! effect ( ! o!r1 ea* w\ld h _h a sep>ate fir/ cause1 :i* is impossible4 ,x says1 !n1 t ,su* virtue %[s its good ,to o!rs' intellect1 ,= :5 two ?+s agree 9 "o1 ,produc+ "o effect1 ,"o mu/ f o!r come1 ,or ea* "o f a ?ird1 ,if ea* be z ea*1 & m1 !n "o ,f ! o!r is inf]r$4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t "h "o does n proce$ by an evid5t demon/ration2 z x w\ld be to say t ! cold is ! g5]ative pr9ciple ( wat]1 :5 we see ! cl\ds2 b c]ta9ly by a beautiful & suitable induction4 ,= if !re are _m laudable ?+s 9 u1 & "o is ! pr9ciple or fir/ cause ( !m all1 reason requires ea* to be r$uc$ to t fir/ cause1 :i* compreh5ds m ?+s2 & ?is ought m reasonably to be call$ ! pr9ciple ( ^? ?+s ?an t :i* compreh5ds 9 itself less ( _! pr9ciple4 ,= z ! trunk ( a tree1 :i* conta9s or encloses all ! o!r bran*es1 ought to be call$ ! fir/ beg9n+ & cause ( ^? bran*es1 & n ^? bran*es ! cause ( ! trunk1 s ,nobility1 :i* compreh5ds ea* & e ,virtue 7z ! cause conta9s ! effect7 & _m o!r actions or op]ations ( ours :i* are praisewor?y1 x ought to be held = su*2 t ! ,virtue may be r$uc$ to x1 r ?an to ! o!r ?ird :i* is 9 u4 ,f9ally x says t ! position tak5 7namely1 t ea* ,moral ,virtue comes f "o root1 & t su* ,virtue & ,nobility unite 9 "o ?+1 z is /at$ above1 & t !re=e x is requisite to r$uce ! "o to ! o!r1 or bo? to a ?ird2 & t if ! "o conta9s ! value ( ! o!r & m1 f t x proce$s r ?an f ! o!r ?ird7 may be consid]$ z a rule e/abli%$ & set =?1 z 0 be=e int5d$4 ,& ?us ends ?is passage & ?is pres5t "p4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,s9ce 9 ! prec$+ "p are discuss$ ?ree c]ta9 def9ite ?+s :i* 7 necess>y to be se5 be=e we def9e1 if possible1 ?is good ?+ ( :i* we speak1 x is "r to proce$ to ! foll[+ "p1 :i* beg9s3 ,:]e ,virtue is1 !re is ,a ,nobleman4 ,& x is desirable to r$uce ?is into two p>ts4 ,9 ! fir/ a c]ta9 ?+ is prov$1 :i* be=e has be5 t\*$ ^u & left unprov$2 9 ! second1 conclud+1 ! def9ition s\ght is f\nd2 & ?is second "p beg9s2 ,comes virtue f :at's noble1 z ,f black comes violet4 ,9 evid5ce ( ! fir/ "p1 x is to be recall$ to m9d t x says previ\sly t1 if ,nobility is wor? m & ext5ds f>!r ?an ,virtue1 ,virtue r w proce$ f x1 :i* ?is "p n[ proves1 namely1 t ,nobility ext5ds f>!r1 & produces a copy ( ,heav51 say+ t :]ev] !re is ,virtue !re is ,nobility4 ,& "h x is to be kn[n t 7z x is writt5 9 ! ,books ( ! ,law1 & is held z a ,rule ( ! ,law7 9 ^? ?+s :i* ( !mselves are evid5t !re is no ne$ ( pro(2 & no?+ is m evid5t ?an t ,nobility exi/s :]ev] !re is ,virtue1 & ea* ?+1 commonly speak+1 t we see p]fect accord+ to its nature is wor?y to be call$ ,noble4 ,x says !n3 ,s likewise t is ,heav5 ,:]e9 a /> is hung1 ,b ,heav5 may be />less4 ,s !re is ,nobility :]ev] !re is ,virtue1 & n ,virtue :]ev] !re is ,nobility4 ,& ) a beautiful & suitable example2 = truly x is a ,heav5 9 :i* _m & v>i\s />s %9e4 ,9 ?is ,nobility !re %9e ! ,moral & ! ,intellectual ,virtues3 !re %9e 9 x ! good dispositions be/[$ by nature1 piety1 & religion2 ! praisewor?y passions1 z ,mode/y & ,m]cy & _m o!rs2 !re %9e 9 x ! good gifts ( ! body1 t is to say1 beauty1 /r5g?1 & almo/ p]petual heal?2 & s _m are ! />s :i* /ud its ,heav5 t c]ta9ly x is n to be wond]$ at if !y produce _m & div]s effects 9 ,human ,nobility2 su* are ! natures & ! p[]s ( ^? />s1 assembl$ & conta9$ )9 "o simple sub/ance1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :i* />s1 z ?r\gh diff]5t bran*es1 x be>s fruit 9 v>i\s ways4 ,c]ta9ly1 ) all e>ne/ness1 ,i make bold to say t ,human ,nobility1 s f> z _m ( its fruits are consid]$1 excels t ( ! ,angel1 al?\gh ! ,angelic may be m ,div9e 9 its unity4 ,( ?is ,nobility ( ours1 :i* fructifies into su* fruits & s num]\s1 ! ,psalmi/ _h p]ception :5 he compos$ t ,psalm :i* beg9s3 ,o ,"l our ,god1 h[ admirable is ,?y ,"n ?r\gh all ! ,e>?6 :]e he praises man1 z if wond]+ at ! ,div9e affection = ?is ,human ,creature1 say+3 ,:at is man1 t ,?\1 ,god1 do/ visit him8 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! ,angels2 ,?\ ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & hon\r1 & plac$ him ov] ! works ( ,?y h&s4 ,!n1 truly1 x 0 a beautiful & suitable comp>ison to comp>e ,heav5 ) ,human ,nobility4 ,!n1 :5 ! ,song says1 ,9 wom5 & ! "y ,a mode/y is se51 ,n virtue1 noble yet1 x proves t ,nobility ext5ds into p>ts :]e ,virtue is n2 & x says1 noble yet1 allud+ to ,nobility z inde$ a true safegu>d1 be+ :]e !re is %ame or mode/y1 t is to say1 fe> ( di%on\r1 z x is 9 maid5s & y\?s1 :]e %ame or mode/y is good & praisewor?y2 :i* %ame or mode/y is n virtue1 b a c]ta9 good passion4 ,& x says1 ,9 wom5 & ! "y1 t is to say1 9 y\?s2 because1 z ! ,philosoph] expresses x 9 ! f\r? book ( ! ,e?ics1 %ame1 ba%fulness1 mode/y1 is n praisewor?y nor good 9 ! old nor 9 m5 ( /udi\s habits1 because to !m x is fit t !y bew>e ( ^? ?+s :i* w\ld lead !m to %ame4 ,9 y\?s & maid5s su* caution is n s mu* requir$1 & !re=e 9 !m ! fe> ( receiv+ di%on\r ?r\gh "s fault is praisewor?y4 ,x spr+s f ,nobility1 & x is possible to acc\nt _! timid ba%fulness to be ,nobility4 ,bas5ess & ignoble ways produce impud5ce3 :]e=e x is a good & excell5t sign ( ,nobility 9 *ildr5 & p]sons ( t5d] ye>s :51 aft] "s fault1 _! %ame is pa9t$ 9 _! face1 :i* blu% ( %ame is !n ! fruit ( true ,nobility4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,:5 x proce$s to say1 ,comes virtue f :at's noble1 z ,f black comes violet1 ! text advances to ! desir$ def9ition ( ,nobility1 by :i* "o may see :at ?is ,nobility is ( :i* s _m p speak errone\sly4 ,x says !n1 draw+ a conclusion f t :i* has be5 said be=e1 t ea* ,virtue1 or r its g5]ator1 t is to say1 ! habit ( "r *oice1 :i* /&s firm 9 due mod]ation1 w spr+ =? f ?is1 t is1 ,nobility4 ,& x gives an example 9 ! col\rs1 say+1 z f ! black ! violet1 s ?is ,virtue spr+s f ,nobility4 ,! violet is a mix$ col\r ( purple & black1 b ! black prevails1 & ! col\r is nam$ f x4 ,& ?us ! ,virtue is a mix$ ?+ ( ,nobility & ,passion2 b1 because ,nobility prevails1 ! ,virtue takes its "n f x1 & is call$ ,goodness4 ,!n aft]w>ds x argues1 by t :i* has be5 said1 t no man ought to say boa/fully1 ,i am ( su* & su* a race or family2 nor ought he to believe t he is ( ?is ,nobility unless ! fruits ( x are 9 him4 ,& imm$iately x r5d]s a reason1 say+ t ^? :o h ?is ,grace1 t is to say1 ?is ,div9e ?+1 are almo/ ,gods z x 71 )\t spot ( vice1 & no "o has ! p[] to be/[ ?is except ,god alone1 ) :om !re is no respect ( p]sons1 ev5 z ,div9e ,scripture makes manife/4 ,& x does n appe> too extravagant :5 x says1 ,!y are z ,gods1 = z x is argu$ previ\sly 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ! ?ird treatise1 ev5 z !re are m5 mo/ vile & be/ial s are m5 mo/ ,noble & ,div9e4 ,& ?is ,ari/otle proves 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,e?ics by ! text ( ,hom] ! poet2 !re=e1 let n ^? m5 :o are ( ! ,ub]ti ( ,flor5ce1 nor ^? ( ! ,visconti ( ,milan1 say1 ,because ,i am ( su* a family or race1 ,i am ,noble1 = ! ,div9e se$ falls n into a race ( m51 t is1 into a family2 b x falls into individual p]sons1 &1 z w be prov$ bel[1 ! family does n make individual p]sons ,noble1 b ! individual p]sons make ! family ,noble4 ,!n :5 x says1 ,god only gives x to ! ,s\l1 ! argum5t is ( ! susceptive1 t is1 ( ! subject :]eon ?is ,div9e gift desc5ds1 :i* is inde$ a ,div9e gift1 accord+ to ! ^w ( ! ,apo/le3 ,e good gift & e p]fect gift comes f above1 proce$+ f ! ,fa!r ( ,light4 ,x says !n t ,god alone imp>ts ?is ,grace to ! ,s\l t ,he sees pure1 )9 ! ,s\l ( t man :om ,he sees to be p]fectly prep>$ & fit to receive 9 8 own prop] p]son ?is ,div9e action2 =1 accord+ z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! second *apt] ,( ! ,s\l1 ?+s mu/ be prep>$ = _! ag5ts & qualifi$ to receive _! acts2 :]e=e if ! ,s\l is imp]fectly prep>$1 x is n qualifi$ to receive ?is bless$ & ,div9e infusion1 ev5 z a preci\s /one1 if x is badly cut or prep>$1 :]ev] x is imp]fect1 _c receive ! cele/ial virtue2 ev5 z t noble ,guido ,gu9izzelli said1 9 a ,song ( 8 :i* beg9s3 ,to g5tle he>ts ,love ev] w repair4 ,x is possible = ! ,s\l to be unqualifi$ ?r\gh "s defect ( temp]1 or p]haps ?r\gh "s s9i/] circum/ances ( ! "t 9 :i* ! p]son lives1 & into a ,s\l s unhappy z ?is ! ,div9e radiance nev] %9es4 ,& x may be said ( su* m5 z ^!1 ^: ,s\ls are depriv$ ( ?is ,light1 t !y are z deep valleys turn$ t[>ds ! ,nor?1 or r subt]ranean caves :]e9 ! light ( ! ,sun nev] ent]s unless x be reflect$ f ano!r "p :i* has caught its rays4 ,f9ally1 x d$uces1 f t :i* has be5 previ\sly said1 t ! ,virtues are ! fruit ( ,nobility1 & t ,god places t ,nobility 9 ! ,s\l :i* has a good f\ndation4 ,= to "s1 t is1 to ^? :o h intellect1 :o are b few1 x is evid5t t human ,nobility is no o!r ?an ! se$ ( ,happ9ess ,t se$ ( ,happ9ess ,falls 9 ! he>ts ( few1 ,plant$ by ,god )9 ! ,s\ls ,spread to receive ,8 dew2 t is to say1 ^: body is 9 e "p p]fectly prep>$1 ord]$1 or qualifi$4 ,= if ! ,virtues are ! fruit ( ,nobility1 & ,happ9ess is pleasure or sweetness acquir$ ?r\gh or by !m1 x is evid5t t ?is ,nobility is ! se$ ( ,happ9ess1 z has be5 said4 ,& if "o consid]s well1 ?is def9ition compreh5ds all ! f\r argum5ts1 t is to say1 ! mat]ial1 ! =mal1 ! effici5t1 & ! f9al3 mat]ial1 inasmu* z x says1 to ! ,s\l spread to receive1 :i* is ! mat]ial & subject ( ,nobility2 =mal1 inasmu* z x says1 ,t se$2 effici5t1 inasmu* z x says1 ,plant$ by ,god )9 ! ,s\l2 f9al1 inasmu* z x says1 ( ,happ9ess1 ,heav5's bless+4 ,& ?us is def9$ ?is our good gift1 :i* desc5ds into u 9 l mann] f ! ,supreme & ,spiritual ,p[]1 z virtue into a preci\s /one f a mo/ noble cele/ial body4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,t we may h m p]fect k ( ,human ,goodness1 z x is ! orig9al cause 9 u ( all good t c be call$ ,nobility1 x is requisite to expla9 cle>ly 9 ?is especial *apt] h[ ?is ,goodness desc5ds into u4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x comes by ! ,natural way1 & !n by ! ,!ological way1 t is to say1 ! ,div9e & ,spiritual4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is to be kn[n t man is compos$ ( ,s\l & body2 b t ,goodness or ,nobility is ( ! ,s\l1 z has be5 said1 & is aft] ! mann] ( se$ f ! ,div9e ,virtue4 ,by diff]5t philosoph]s x has be5 diff]5tly argu$ conc]n+ ! diff]5ce 9 our ,s\ls2 = ,avic5na & ,algazel 7 ( op9ion t ,s\ls ( !mselves & f _! beg9n+ 7 ,noble or ,base4 ,plato & "s o!rs 7 ( op9ion t !y proce$$ by ! />s1 & 7 ,noble m or less accord+ to ! nobility ( ! />4 ,py?agoras 0 ( op9ion t all 7 ( "o nobility1 n only human ,s\ls1 b ) human ,s\ls ^? ( ! brute animals & ( ! trees & ! =ms ( m9]als2 & he said t all ! diff]5ce 9 ! bodies is =m4 ,if ea* "o 7 to def5d 8 op9ion1 x might be t ,tru? w\ld be se5 to be 9 all4 ,b s9ce on ! surface !y seem some:at di/ant f ! ,tru?1 "o mu/ n proce$ accord+ to ^? op9ions1 b accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,ari/otle & ( ! ,p]ipatetics4 ,& !re=e ,i say t :5 ! human se$ falls into its receptacle1 t is1 into ! matrix1 x be>s ) x ! virtue or p[] ( ! g5]ative ,s\l1 & ! virtue or p[] ( ,heav51 & ! virtue or p[] ( ! alim5ts unit$ or b\nd toge!r1 t is ! involution or complex nature ( ! se$4 ,x matures & prep>es ! mat]ial = ! =mative p[] or virtue :i* ! g5]at+ ,s\l be/[s2 & ! =mative p[] or virtue prep>es ! organs = ! cele/ial virtue or p[]1 :i* produces1 f ! p[] ( ! se$1 ! ,s\l 9 life2 :i*1 z soon z produc$1 receives f ! p[] ( ! ,mov] ( ! ,heav5 ! passive intellect or m9d1 :i* pot5tially br+s toge!r 9 itself all ! univ]sal =ms accord+ z !y are 9 its produc]1 & s mu* ! less 9 proportion z x is f>!r remov$ f ! fir/ ,intellig5ce4 ,let no "o m>vel if ,i speak :at seems difficult to und]/&2 = to myself x seems a miracle h[ x is possible ev5 to arrive at a conclusion conc]n+ x1 & to p]ceive x ) ! intellect4 ,x is n a ?+ to reveal 9 language1 especially ! language ( ! ,vulg> ,tongue2 :]e=e ,i w say1 ev5 z did ! ,apo/le3 ,oh1 great is ! dep? ( ! ri*es ( ,wisdom ( ,god3 h[ incompreh5sible are ,?y judgm5ts1 & ,?y ways pa/ f9d+ out6 ,& s9ce ! complex nature ( ! se$ may be bett] & less good1 & ! disposition ( ! receiv] ( ! se$ may be bett] & less good1 & ! disposition ( ! dom9ant ,heav5 to ?is effect may be good & bett] & be/1 :i* v>ies 9 ! con/ellations1 :i* are cont9ually trans=m$2 x befalls t f ! human se$ & f ^! virtues or p[]s ! ,s\l is produc$ m or less pure2 & accord+ to its purity !re desc5ds into x ! virtue or p[] ( ! possible or passive intellect1 z x is call$1 & z x has be5 spok5 (4 ,& if x happ5 t ?r\gh ! purity ( ! receptive ,s\l ! intellectual p[] is inde$ sep>ate & absolute1 free f all corporeal %ad[1 ! ,div9e ,goodness multiplies 9 x1 z 9 a ?+ suffici5t to receive t good gift2 & !n x multiplies 9 ! ,s\l ( ?is intellig5t be+1 accord+ z x c receive x2 & ?is is t se$ ( ,happ9ess ( :i* we speak at pres5t4 ,& ?is is 9 h>mony ) ! op9ion ( ,tullius 9 t book on ,old ,age :51 speak+ p]sonally ( ,cato1 he says3 ,= ?is reason a cele/ial _s desc5d$ into u f ! highe/ habitation1 hav+ come into a place :i* is adv]se to ! ,div9e ,nature & to ,et]nity4 ,& 9 su* a ,s\l z ?is !re is its own individual p[]1 & ! intellectual p[]1 & ! ,div9e p[]2 t is to say1 t influ5ce :i* has be5 m5tion$4 ,!re=e x is writt5 9 ! book ,on ,causes3 ,ea* ,noble ,s\l has ?ree op]ations1 t is to say1 ! animal1 ! intellectual1 & ! ,div9e4 ,& !re are "s m5 :o hold su* op9ions t !y say1 if all ! prec$+ p[]s 7 to unite 9 ! production ( a ,s\l 9 _! be/ disposition1 arrangem5t1 ord]1 t into t ,s\l w\ld desc5d s mu* ( ! ,deity t x w\ld be z x 7 ano!r ,god ,inc>nate2 & ?is is almo/ all t x is possible to say conc]n+ ! ,natural way4 ,by ! ,!ological way x is possible to say t1 :5 ! ,supreme ,deity1 t is1 ,god1 sees ,8 creature prep>$ to receive ,8 good gift1 s freely ,he imp>ts x to ,8 creature 9 proportion z x is prep>$ or qualifi$ to receive x4 ,& because ^! gifts proce$ f ineffable ,love1 & ! ,div9e ,love is appropriate to ! ,holy ,_s1 !re=e x is t !y are call$ ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 :i*1 ev5 z ! ,prophet ,isaiah di/+ui%es !m1 are sev51 namely1 ,wisdom1 ,intellig5ce1 ,c\nsel1 ,c\rage1 ,k1 ,pity1 & ! ,fe> ( ,god4 ,o1 good gre5 blades1 & good & wond]ful ! se$6 ,& ,o1 admirable & b5ign ,s[] ( ! se$1 :o do/ only wait = human nature to prep>e ! gr\nd = ,!e :]e9 to s[6 ,o1 bless$ are ^? :o till ! l& to fit x to receive su* se$6 ,"h x is to be kn[n t ! fir/ noble %oot :i* g]m9ates f ?is se$ t x may be fruitful1 is ! desire or appetite ( ! m9d1 :i* 9 ,greek is call$ horm52 & if ?is is n well cultivat$ & held upright by good habits1 ! se$ is ( little wor?1 & x w\ld be bett] if x _h n be5 s[n4 ,& !re=e ,/4 ,augu/9e urges1 & ,ari/otle also 9 ! second book ( ,e?ics1 t man %\ld accu/om himself to d good1 & to bridle 9 8 passions1 9 ord] t ?is %oot :i* has be5 m5tion$ may gr[ /rong ?r\gh good habits1 & be confirm$ 9 its uprightness1 s t x may fructify1 & f its fruit may issue ! sweetness ( ,human ,happ9ess4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,x is ! comm&m5t ( ! ,moral ,philosoph]s t1 ( ! good gifts :]e( !y h spok51 ,man ought to put 8 ?\ght & 8 anxi\s c>e into ! ef=t to make !m z useful z possible to ! receiv]4 ,:]e=e ,i1 wi%+ to be ob$i5t to su* a m&ate1 int5d to r5d] ?is my ,,banquet ,convito z useful z possible 9 ea* "o ( its p>ts4 ,& because 9 ?is "p x occurs to me to be able to reason some:at conc]n+ ! sweetness ( ,human ,happ9ess1 ,i consid] t !re c\ld n be a m useful disc\rse1 especially to ^? :o "k x n2 = z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! fir/ book ( ,e?ics1 & ,tullius 9 t book ,( ! ,ends ( ,good & ,evil1 he %oots badly at ! m>k :o sees x n4 ,ev5 ?us a man c b ill advance t[>ds ?is sweet joy :o does n beg9 ) a p]ception ( x4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce x is our f9al re/ = :i* we live & lab\r z we c1 mo/ useful & mo/ necess>y x is to see ?is m>k 9 ord] to aim at x ! b[ ( ?is our "w4 ,& x is mo/ ess5tial to make x invit+ to ^? :o d n see ! m>k :5 simply po9t$ out4 ,leav+ alone1 !n1 ! op9ion :i* ,epicurus ! philosoph] _h conc]n+ x1 & t :i* ,z5o likewise _h1 ,i int5d to come summ>ily to ! true op9ion ( ,ari/otle & ( ! o!r ,p]ipatetics4 ,z x is said above1 ( ! ,div9e ,goodness s[n & infus$ 9 u1 f ! orig9al cause ( our production1 !re spr+s up a %oot1 :i* ! ,greeks t]m horm51 t is to say1 ! natural appetite ( ! s\l4 ,& z x is ) ! blades ( corn :i*1 :5 !y fir/ %oot =?1 h 9 ! beg9n+ "o simil> appe>ance1 be+ 9 ! grass-l /age1 & !n1 by process ( "t1 !y become unlike1 s ?is ,natural appetite1 :i* spr+s f ! ,div9e ,grace1 9 ! beg9n+ appe>s z x 7 n unlike t :i* comes nak$ly f ,nature2 b ) x1 ev5 z ! h]bage born ( v>i\s gra9s ( corn1 x has ! same appe>ance1 z x 73 & n only 9 ! blades ( corn1 b 9 m5 & 9 bea/s !re is ! same similitude4 ,& x appe>s t e animal1 z soon z x is born1 bo? rational & brute bea/1 loves itself1 & fe>s & flies f ^? ?+s :i* are adv]se to x1 & hates !m1 !n proce$+ z has be5 said4 ,& !re beg9s a diff]5ce betwe5 !m 9 ! progress ( ?is ,natural appetite1 = ! "o keeps to "o road1 & ! o!r to ano!r2 ev5 z ! ,apo/le says3 ,_m run to ! goal1 b !re is b "o :o rea*es x4 ,ev5 ?us ^! ,human appetites f ! beg9n+ run ?r\gh diff]5t pa?s1 & !re is "o pa? alone :i* leads u to our peace2 & !re=e1 leav+ all ! o!rs alone1 x is = ! treatise to foll[ ! c\rse ( t "o :o beg9s well4 ,i say1 !n1 t f ! beg9n+ a man loves himself1 al?\gh indi/9ctly2 !n comes ! di/+ui%+ ( ^? ?+s :i* to him are m or less2 to be m or less lov$ or hat$2 & he foll[s aft] & flies f ei!r m or less accord+ z ! "r habit di/+ui%es1 n only 9 ! o!r ?+s :i* he loves 9 a second>y mann]1 = he ev5 di/+ui%es 9 himself :i* ?+ he loves pr9cipally2 & p]ceiv+ 9 himself div]s p>ts1 ^? :i* are ! noble/ 9 him he loves mo/4 ,b1 s9ce ! noble/ "p ( man is ! ,m9d1 he loves t m ?an ! ,body2 & ?us1 lov+ himself pr9cipally1 & ?r\gh himself o!r ?+s1 & ( himself lov+ ! bett] "p mo/1 x is evid5t t he loves ! ,m9d m ?an ! ,body or any o!r ?+2 & ! ,m9d x is t1 naturally1 m ?an any o!r ?+ he ought to love4 ,!n1 if ! ,m9d always delights 9 ! use ( ! belov$ ?+1 :i* is ! fruit ( love1 ! use ( t ?+ :i* is especially belov$ is especially delightful3 ! use ( our ,m9d is especially delightful to u1 & t :i* is especially delightful to u becomes our ,happ9ess & our ,beatitude1 beyond :i* !re is no great] delight or pleasure1 nor any equal to x1 z may be se5 by him :o looks well at ! prec$+ argum5t4 ,& no "o ought to say t e appetite is ,m9d2 = "h "o und]/&s ,m9d solely z t :i* belongs to ! ,rational "p1 t is1 ! ,w & ! ,intellect2 s t if any "o %\ld wi% to call ,m9d ! appetite ( ! ,s5ses1 "h x has no place1 nor c x h any abid+2 = no "o d\bts t ! ,rational appetite is m noble ?an ! ,s5sual1 & !re=e m to be lov$2 & s is ?is ( :i* we are n[ speak+4 ,! use ( our ,m9d is d\ble1 t is to say1 ,practical & ,speculative 7x is ,practical insomu* z x has ! p[] ( act+72 bo? ! "o & ! o!r are delightful 9 _! use1 b t ( ,contemplation is ! mo/ pleas+1 z has be5 said above4 ,! use ( ! ,practical is to act 9 or ?r\gh u virtu\sly1 t is to say1 hone/ly or uprightly1 ) ,prud5ce1 ) ,temp]ance1 ) ,c\rage1 & ) ,ju/ice4 ,! use ( ! ,speculative is n to "w or act ?r\gh u1 b to consid] ! works ( ,god & ( ,nature4 ,?is & ! o!r =m our ,beatitude & ,supreme ,happ9ess1 :i* is ! sweetness ( ! be=e-m5tion$ se$1 z n[ cle>ly appe>s4 ,to ?is (t5 su* se$ does n atta91 ?r\gh be+ ill cultivat$1 or ?r\gh its t5d] gr[+ %oots be+ p]v]t$4 ,9 l mann] x is q possible1 by mu* correction & cultivation ( him into :om ?is se$ does n fall prim>ily1 to induce x by ! process ( /eady endeav\r aft] goodness1 s t x may atta9 to ! p[] ( be>+ ?is fruit4 ,& x is1 z x 71 a me?od ( graft+ ! nature ( ano!r ^u a diff]5t /ock4 ,no man1 !re=e1 c hold himself excus$2 = if f 8 natural root ! man does n produce sweet fruit1 x is possible = him to h x by ! process ( graft+2 & 9 fact !re w\ld be z _m :o %\ld be graft$ z ^? are :o1 sprung f a good root1 all[ !mselves to gr[ deg5]ate4 ,( ! two ways ( goodness1 "o is m full ( bliss ?an ! o!r1 z is ! ,speculative1 :i* is ! use ( our noble/ "p )\t any alloy1 & :i*1 = ! root1 ,love1 z has be5 said1 is especially to be lov$ z ! intellect4 ,& 9 ?is life x is n possible to h ! use ( ?is "p p]fectly1 :i* is to see ,god1 :o is ! ,supreme ,be+ to be compreh5d$ by ! ,m9d1 except inasmu* z ! intellect consid]s ,him & beholds ,him ?r\gh ,8 effects1 ,8 ,works4 ,& t we may seek ?is ,beatitude z ! supreme1 & n ! o!r1 t is1 t ( ! ,active ,life1 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k tea*es u1 if we w look at x well4 ,m>k says t ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & ,m>y ,salome w5t to f9d ! ,savi\r 9 ! ,tomb1 & !y f\nd ,him n1 b !y f\nd a y\? clo!d 9 :ite1 :o said to !m3 ,y seek ! ,savi\r1 & ,i tell y t ,he is n "h2 & !re=e be n affright$1 b g & tell ,8 disciples & ,pet] t ,he goe? be=e y into ,galilee2 & !re ye %all see ,him1 z ,he said unto y4 ,by ^! ?ree wom5 may be und]/ood ! ?ree sects ( ! ,active ,life1 t is to say1 ! ,epicureans1 ! ,/oics1 & ! ,p]ipatetics1 :o g to ! ,tomb1 t is to say1 to ! pres5t ,_w1 :i* is ! receptacle ( corruptible ?+s1 & seek = ! ,savi\r1 t is1 ,beatitude1 & !y f9d x n2 b !y f9d a y\? 9 :ite g>m5ts1 :o1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,mat!w1 & also ( ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 0 an ,angel ( ,god4 ,& !re=e ,mat!w said3 ,! ,angel ( ! ,"l desc5d$ f ,heav51 & came & roll$ back ! /one f ! door1 & sat ^u x4 ,8 c\nt5ance 0 l lightn+1 & 8 raim5t :ite z sn[4 ,! ,angel is ?is ,nobility ( ours :i* comes f ,god1 z x has be5 said1 ( :i* our argum5t speaks1 & says to ea* "o ( ^! sects1 t is1 to :oev] seeks p]fect ,happ9ess 9 ! ,active ,life1 t x is n "h2 b g & tell ! disciples & ,pet]1 t is1 tell ^? :o seek = x & ^? :o are gone a/ray l ,pet]1 :o _h d5i$ ,him1 t ,he w g be=e !m into ,galilee2 mean+ t ! ,beatitude or ,happ9ess w g be=e u into ,galilee1 t is1 into ,contemplation2 ,galilee is z mu* z to say1 ,:it5ess4 ,:it5ess is a col\r full ( mat]ial light1 m s ?an any o!r2 & ?us1 ,contemplation is m full ( ,spiritual light ?an any o!r ?+ :i* is bel[4 ,& x says1 ,he w g be=e y1 b x does n say1 ,he w be ) y1 to make u und]/& t 9 our contemplation ,god always goes be=e4 ,nor is x ev] possible to u to atta9 to ,him "h1 to ,him1 our ,supreme ,bliss4 ,& x says1 ,!re %all ye see ,him1 z ,he said unto y2 t is to say1 !re y w receive ( ,8 ,sweetness1 t is1 ( ! ,happ9ess z x is promis$ to y "h1 z x is e/abli%$ t y may receive x4 ,& ?us x appe>s t our ,beatitude1 ?is ,happ9ess ( :i* we speak1 fir/ we are able to f9d imp]fect 9 ! ,active ,life1 t is1 9 ! op]ations ( ! ,moral ,virtues1 & !n almo/ p]fect 9 ! op]ations ( ! ,intellectual ,virtues2 :i* two op]ations are spe$y & mo/ direct ways to lead to ! ,supreme ,bliss1 :i* x is n possible to h "h bel[1 ev5 z appe>s by t :i* has be5 said4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,s9ce ! def9ition ( ,nobility is suffici5tly demon/rat$1 & s9ce 9 all its p>ts x has be5 made z explicit z possible1 s t we c n[ see :o is ! ,nobleman1 x seems "r to proce$ to ! "p ( ! text :i* beg9s1 ,s\ls :om ?is ,grace adorns1 9 :om appe> ! signs by :i* x is possible to "k ! ,noble ,man4 ,?is "p is divid$ into two4 ,9 ! fir/ x affirms t ?is ,nobility is respl5d5t1 & t x %9es =? manife/ly dur+ ! :ole life ( ! ,noble ,man2 9 ! second x appe>s specifically 9 its glory1 & ?is second "p beg9s1 ,9 ,*ildhood !y obey4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ "p1 x is to be kn[n t ?is ,div9e se$1 :i* has be5 previ\sly spok5 (1 g]m9ates imm$iately 9 our ,s\l1 comb9+ ) & *ang+ its =m ) ea* =m ( ! ,s\l1 accord+ to ! exig5cy ( t p[]4 ,x g]m9ates1 !n1 z ! ,vegetative1 z ! ,s5sitive1 & z ! ,rational1 & x bran*es out ?r\gh ! virtues or p[]s ( all ( !m1 guid+ all ^? to _! p]fection1 & su/a9+ itself 9 !m always1 ev5 to ! po9t :51 ) t "p ( our ,s\l :i* nev] dies1 x returns to ! highe/ & ! mo/ glori\s ,s[] ( ! se$ 9 ,heav52 & x expresses ?is 9 t fir/ "p :i* has be5 m5tion$4 ,!n :5 x says1 ,9 ,*ildhood !y obey1 ,are g5tle1 mode/1 x %[s h[ we c recognize ! ,noble ,man by ! app>5t signs1 :i* are ! ,div9e op]ation ( ?is goodness4 ,& ?is "p is divid$ into f\r1 z x is made to repres5t f\r diff]5t ages1 su* z ,adolesc5ce1 ,y\?1 ,old ,age1 & ,extreme ,old ,age4 ,! second "p beg9s1 ,are temp]ate 9 ,y\?2 ! ?ird beg9s1 ,are prud5t 9 _! ,age2 ! f\r? beg9s1 ,! f\r? "p ( _! life4 ,h]e9 is conta9$ ! purpose ( ?is "p 9 g5]al1 ) reg>d to :i* x is desirable to "k t ea* effect1 inasmu* z x is an effect1 receives ! lik5ess ( its cause 9 proportion z x is capable ( reta9+ x4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce our life1 z has be5 said1 & also ! life ( e liv+ creature "h bel[1 is caus$ by ,heav51 ,heav5 is reveal$ 9 all su* effects z ^!1 n1 inde$1 ) ! complete circle1 b ) "p ( x1 9 !m4 ,?us its movem5t mu/ be n only ) !m1 b beyond !m1 & z "o ar* ( life reta9s 7& ,i say reta9s1 n only ( m51 b also ( o!r liv+ creatures7 almo/ all ! lives1 asc5d+ & desc5d+1 !y mu/ be1 z x 71 simil> 9 appe>ance to ! =m ( ! ar*4 ,return+1 !n1 to our c\rse ( life :i* at pres5t we are seek+ to und]/&1 ,i say t x proce$s aft] ! mann] ( ?is ar*1 asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,& x is to be kn[n t ! asc5t ( ?is ar* %\ld be equal to its desc5t1 if ! mat]ial ( ! se$ f :i* we spr+1 s complex 9 its nature1 did n imp$e ! law ( ,human ,nature4 ,b s9ce ! humid root is ( bett] quality m or less1 & /rong] to endure 9 "o effect m ?an 9 ano!r1 be+ subject to ! nutrim5t ( ! heat1 :i* is our life1 x happ5s t ! ar* ( ! life ( "o man is ( less or ( great] ext5t ?an t ( ano!r1 life be+ %ort5$ by a viol5t dea? or by "s accid5tal injury2 b t :i* is call$ natural by ! p is t span ( :i* x is said by ! ,psalmi/1 ,?\ sette/ up a b\nd>y :i* x is n possible to pass4 ,& s9ce ! ,ma/] among ^? "h liv+1 ,ari/otle1 _h p]ception ( ?is ar* ( :i* we n[ speak1 & seems to be ( op9ion t our life %\ld be no o!r ?an "o asc5t & "o desc5t1 !re=e he says1 9 t *apt] :]e he treats ( ,y\? & ( ,old ,age1 t ,y\? is no o!r ?an an increase ( life4 ,:]e ! top ( ?is ar* may be1 x is difficult to "k1 on acc\nt ( ! inequality :i* has be5 spok5 ( above1 b = ! mo/ "p ,i believe betwe5 ! ?irtie? & ! =tie? ye>1 & ,i believe t 9 ! p]fectly natural man x is at ! ?irty-fif? ye>4 ,& ?is reason has weight ) me3 t our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a p]fect natural man1 :o *ose to die 9 ! ?irty-f\r? ye> ( ,8 age2 = x 0 n suitable = ! ,deity to h place 9 ! desc5d+ segm5t2 nei!r is x to be believ$ t ,he w\ld n wi% to dwell 9 ?is life ( ours ev5 to ! summit ( x1 s9ce ,he _h be5 9 ! l[] "p ev5 f *ildhood4 ,& ! h\r ( ! day ( ,8 dea? makes ?is evid5t1 = ,he will$ t to con=m ) ,8 life2 :]e=e ,luke says t x 0 ab\t ! six? h\r :5 ,he di$1 t is to say1 ! height or supreme po9t ( ! day2 :]e=e x is possible to compreh5d by t1 z x 71 t at ! ?irty-fif? ye> ( ,*ri/ 0 ! height or supreme po9t ( ,8 age4 ,truly ?is ar* is n half di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 b if we foll[ ! f\r connect+ l9ks ( ! diff]+ qualities :i* are 9 our composition1 to ea* "o ( :i* appe>s to be appropriat$ "o "p ( our age1 x is divid$ into f\r p>ts1 & !y are call$ ! f\r ages4 ,! fir/ is ,adolesc5ce1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! hot & moi/2 ! second is ,y\?1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! hot & dry2 ! ?ird is ,old ,age1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! cold & dry2 ! f\r? is ,extreme ,old ,age1 :i* is appropriat$ to ! cold & moi/1 z ,alb]tus ,magnus writes 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,metaura4 ,& ^! p>ts or divisions are made 9 a simil> mann] 9 ! ye>--9 ,spr+1 9 ,summ]1 9 ,autumn1 & 9 ,w9t]4 ,& x is ! same 9 ! day ev5 to ! ?ird h\r1 & !n ev5 to ! n9?1 leav+ ! six? 9 ! middle ( ?is "p1 or division1 = ! reason :i* is und]/ood1 & !n ev5 to vesp]s1 & f vesp]s onw>ds4 ,& !re=e ! ,g5tiles said t ! *>iot ( ! ,sun _h f\r horses2 !y call$ ! fir/ ,eoo1 ! second ,piroi1 ! ?ird ,eton1 ! f\r? ,phlegon1 ev5 z ,ovid writes 9 ! second book ( ! ,metamorphoses conc]n+ ! p>ts or divisions ( ! day4 ,&1 briefly1 x is to be kn[n t1 z x has be5 said above 9 ! six? *apt] ( ! ?ird treatise1 ! ,*ur* makes use ( ! h\rs temporal 9 ! division ( ! day1 :i* h\rs are twelve 9 ea* day1 long or %ort accord+ to ! am\nt ( sunlight2 & because ! six? h\r1 t is1 ! midday1 is ! mo/ noble ( ! :ole day1 & has 9 x ! mo/ virtue1 ! ,(fices ( ! ,*ur* are approximat$ !reto 9 ea* side1 t is1 f ! prime1 & !nce onw>ds z mu* z possible2 & !re=e ! ,(fice ( prime1 t is1 ! t]tius1 is said at ! end ( t "p1 & t ( ! ?ird "p & ( ! f\r? is said at ! beg9n+2 & !re=e1 be=e ! clock /rikes 9 a division ( ! day1 x is t]m$ half-?ird or mid-t]tius2 or mid-nones1 :5 9 t division ! clock has /ruck1 & ?us mid-vesp]s4 ,&1 !re=e1 let ea* "o "k t ! "r & lawful nones ought always to /rike or s\nd at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? h\r ( ! day1 & let ?is suffice to ! pres5t digression4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,return+ to ! proposition1 ,i say t ,human ,life is divid$ into f\r ages or /ages4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,adolesc5ce1 t is1 ! gr[? or increase ( life2 ! second is call$ ,y\?1 t is1 ! age :i* c give p]fection1 & = ?is reason "o und]/&s ?is ,y\? to be p]fect1 because no man c give except ( t :i* he has2 ! ?ird is call$ ,old ,age2 ! f\r? is call$ ,s5ility1 ,extreme ,old ,age1 z has be5 said above4 ,( ! fir/ no "o d\bts1 b ea* wise man agrees t x la/s ev5 to ! tw5ty-fif? ye>2 & up to t "t our ,s\l waits = ! increase & ! embelli%m5t ( ! body4 ,:ile !re are _m & v great *anges 9 ! p]son1 ! rational "p _c possess p]fectly ! p[] ( discretion2 :]e=e1 ! ,civil ,law wills t1 previ\s to t age1 a man _c d c]ta9 ?+s )\t a gu>dian ( p]fect age4 ,( ! second1 :i* is ! height ( our life1 ! "t is v>i\sly tak5 by _m4 ,b leav+ t :i* philosoph]s & m$ical m5 write conc]n+ x1 & return+ to ! prop] argum5t1 we may say t1 9 mo/ m5 9 :om "o c & ought to be guid$ by natural judgm5t1 t age la/s = tw5ty ye>s4 ,& ! reason :i* leads me to ?is conclusion is1 t ! height or supreme po9t ( our arc or b[ is 9 ! ?irty-fif? ye>2 j s mu* z ?is age has ( asc5t1 s mu* x ought to h ( desc5t2 & ?is asc5t passes into desc5t1 z x 71 at ! po9t1 ! c5tre1 :]e "o w\ld hold ! b[ 9 ! h&1 at :i* place a slight flexion may be disc]n$4 ,we are ( op9ion1 !n1 t ,y\? is complet$ 9 ! =ty-fif? ye>4 ,& z ,adolesc5ce is 9 ! tw5ty-five ye>s :i* proce$ m\nt+ upw>ds to ,y\?3 s ! desc5t1 t is1 ,old ,age1 is an equal am\nt ( "t :i* succe$s to ,y\?2 & ?us ,old ,age t]m9ates 9 ! sev5tie? ye>4 ,b because ,adolesc5ce does n beg9 at ! beg9n+ ( life--tak+ x 9 ! way :i* has be5 said--b ab\t eight mon?s f bir?2 & because our life /rives to asc5d1 & curbs itself 9 ! desc5t2 because ! natural heat is less5$ & c d little1 & ! moi/ hum\r is increas$1 n 9 quantity1 b 9 quality1 s t x is less able to evaporate & be consum$2 x happ5s t beyond ,old ,age !re rema9s ( our life an am\nt1 p]haps1 ( ab\t t5 ye>s1 a little m or a little less2 & ?is "t ( life is t]m$ ,extreme ,old ,age1 or ,s5ility4 ,:]e=e we "k ( ,plato 7( :om "o may well say t he 0 a son ( ,nature1 bo? because ( 8 p]fection & because ( 8 c\nt5ance1 :i* caus$ ,socrates to love him :5 fir/ he saw him71 t he liv$ eighty & "o ye>s1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,tullius 9 t book ,on ,old ,age4 ,& ,i believe t if ,*ri/ _h n be5 crucifi$1 & if ,he might h liv$ ! l5g? ( "t :i* ,8 life accord+ to nature c\ld h pass$ ov]1 at eighty & "o ye>s ,he w\ld h be5 trans=m$ f ! mortal body into ! et]nal4 ,truly1 z has be5 said above1 ^! ages may be long] or %ort] accord+ to our complexion or temp] & our con/itution or composition2 b1 z !y are1 x seems to me t ,i obs]ve ?is proportion 9 all m51 z has be5 said1 t is to say1 t 9 su* m5 ! ages may be made long] or %ort] accord+ to ! integrity ( ! :ole t]m ( ! natural life4 ,?r\gh\t all ^! ages ?is ,nobility ( :i* we speak manife/s its effects 9 diff]5t ways 9 ! ennobl$ ,s\l2 & x is t :i* ?is "p ( ! ,song1 conc]n+ :i* we write at pres5t1 int5ds to demon/rate4 ,:]e x is to be kn[n t our good & upright nature makes =w>d progress 9 u 9 ! reason+ p[]s1 z we see ! nature ( ! plants make =w>d progress2 & !re=e x is t diff]5t mann]s & diff]5t deportm5t are to be held reasonable at "o age r ?an at ano!r4 ,! ennobl$ ,s\l proce$s 9 due ord] along a s+le pa?1 employ+ ea* ( its p[]s 9 its "t & season1 or ev5 z !y are all orda9$ to ! f9al production ( ! p]fect fruit4 ,& ,tullius is 9 h>mony ) ?is 9 8 book ,on ,old ,age4 ,& putt+ aside ! figurative s5se :i* ,virgil holds 9 ! neid conc]n+ ?is diff]5t progress ( ! ages1 & lett+ t be :i* ,egidius ! h]mit m5tions 9 ! fir/ "p ,on ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,pr9ces1 & lett+ t be to :i* ,tullius alludes 9 8 book ,( ,(fices1 & foll[+ t alone :i* ,reason c see ( h]self1 ,i say t ?is fir/ age is ! door & ! pa? ?r\gh :i* & along :i* we ent] into our good life1 ,& ?is entrance mu/ ( necessity h c]ta9 ?+s :i* ! good ,nature1 :i* fails n 9 ?+s necess>y1 gives to u2 z we see t %e gives to ! v9e ! leaves = ! protection ( ! fruit1 & ! little t5drils :i* enable x to tw9e r\nd its supports1 & ?us b9d up its weakness1 s t x c su/a9 ! weight ( its fruit4 ,b5efic5t ,nature gives1 !n1 to ?is age f\r ?+s necess>y to ! entrance into ! ,city ( ! ,good ,life4 ,! fir/ is ,ob$i5ce1 ! second ,suavity1 ! ?ird ,mode/y1 ! f\r? ,beauty ( ! ,body1 ev5 z ! ,song says 9 ! fir/ section ( ?is "p4 ,x is1 !n1 to be kn[n t l "o :o has nev] be5 9 a city1 :o w\ld n "k h[ to f9d 8 way ab\t ! /reets )\t in/ruction f "o :o is accu/om$ to !m1 ev5 s ! adolesc5t :o ent]s into ! ,wood ( ,error ( ?is life w\ld n "k h[ to keep to ! good pa? if x 7 n po9t$ out to him by 8 eld]s4 ,nei!r w\ld ! in/ruction avail if he 7 n ob$i5t to _! comm&s1 & !re=e at ?is age ob$i5ce is necess>y4 ,"h x might be possible = "s "o to speak ?us3 ,!n1 is t man to be call$ ob$i5t :o %all foll[ evil guidance z well z he :o %all believe ! good8 ,i reply t ?is w\ld n be ob$i5ce1 b transgression4 ,= if ! ,k+ %\ld issue a comm& 9 "o way & ! s]vant give =? ! comm& 9 ano!r1 x w\ld n be "r to obey ! s]vant1 = t w\ld be to disobey ! ,k+2 & ?us x w\ld be transgression4 ,& !re=e ,solomon says1 :5 he int5ds to correct 8 son1 & ?is is 8 fir/ comm&m5t3 ,li/51 my son1 to ! in/ruction ( ?y fa!r4 ,& !n he seeks to remove him imm$iately f ! c\nsel & tea*+ ( ! wick$ man1 say+1 ,my son1 if s9n]s entice !e1 cons5t ?\ n4 ,:]e=e1 z soon z he is born1 ! son cl+s to ! brea/ ( ! "m2 ev5 s soon z "s light ( ! ,m9d appe>s 9 him1 he ought to turn to ! correction ( ! fa!r1 & ! fa!r to in/ruction4 ,& let ! fa!r take he$ t he himself does n set him an example 9 "w or action t is contr>y to ! words ( ! correction2 = naturally we see ea* son look m to ! footpr9ts ( ! pat]nal feet ?an to ^? ( o!r m54 ,& !re=e ! ,law1 :i* provides = ?is1 says & comm&s t ! life ( ! fa!r %\ld appe> to 8 sons always hon\rable & upright4 ,?us x appe>s t ob$i5ce 0 necess>y 9 ?is age2 & !re=e ,solomon writes 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs1 t he :o humbly & ob$i5tly su/a9s 8 j repro(s f ! corrector %all be glori\s4 ,& he says %all be1 to cause m5 to und]/& t he speaks to ! adolesc5t1 :o _c be s 9 8 pres5t age4 ,& if any "o %\ld reflect on me because ,i h said ob$i5ce is due to ! fa!r & n to o!r m51 ,i say t to ! fa!r all o!r ob$i5ce ought to be ref]r$2 :]e=e ! ,apo/le says to ! ,colossians3 ,sons1 obey y\r fa!rs 9 all ?+s1 = su* is ! w ( ,god4 ,& if ! fa!r be n 9 ?is life1 ! son ought to ref] to t :i* is said by ! fa!r 9 8 la/ ,w z a fa!r2 & if ! fa!r die inte/ate1 ! son ought to ref] to him to :om ! ,law commits 8 au?ority2 & !n ought ! ma/]s & eld]s to be obey$1 = ?is appe>s to be a reasonable *>ge laid ^u ! son by ! fa!r1 or by him :o /&s 9 ! fa!r's place4 ,b because ?is pres5t *apt] has be5 long1 on acc\nt ( ! useful digressions :i* x conta9s1 9 ano!r *apt] o!r ?+s %all be discuss$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,n only ?is ,s\l1 naturally good 9 ,adolesc5ce1 is ob$i5t1 b also g5tle2 :i* is ! o!r ?+ necess>y 9 ?is age to make a good entrance ?r\gh ! portal ( ,y\?4 ,x is necess>y1 s9ce we _c h a p]fect life )\t fri5ds1 z ,ari/otle expresses x 9 ! eigh? book ( ,e?ics2 & ! se$ ( ! great] numb] ( fri5d%ips seems to be s[n 9 ! fir/ age ( life1 because 9 x a man beg9s to be graci\s or ! contr>y4 ,su* graci\sness is acquir$ by g5tle rules ( conduct1 z are sweet & c\rte\s spee*1 g5tle s]vice c\rte\sly r5d]$1 & actions k9dly done or p]=m$4 ,& !re=e ,solomon says to ! adolesc5t son3 ,surely ,god scorne? ! scorn]s2 b ,he give? grace unto ! l[ly4 ,& else:]e he says3 ,put away f !e a =w>d m\?1 & p]v]se lips put f> f !e4 ,:]e=e x appe>s t1 z has be5 said1 ?is suavity or affability is necess>y4 ,likewise to ?is age ! passion ( mode/y is necess>y2 & !re=e ! nature :i* is good & noble %[s x 9 ?is age1 ev5 z ! ,song says4 ,& s9ce mode/y is ! cle>e/ sign1 9 ,adolesc5ce1 ( ,nobility1 because !re x is especially necess>y to ! good f\ndation ( our life1 at :i* ! noble nature aims1 x is "r to speak ( x some:at4 ,by mode/y ,i mean ?ree passions or /rong feel+s necess>y to ! f\ndation ( our good life3 ! "o is wond]1 ! next is mode/y1 ! ?ird is %ame1 al?\gh ! common p d n disc]n ?is di/9ction4 ,& all ?ree ( ^! are necess>y to ?is life1 = ?is reason3 at ?is age x is requisite to be rev]5t & desir\s = k2 at ?is age x is necess>y or requisite to be self-controll$1 s z n to transgress or pass beyond due b\nds2 at ?is age x is necess>y to be p5it5t = a fault1 s z n to gr[ accu/om$ to do+ wrong4 ,& all ^! ?+s ! a=esaid passions or /rong feel+s d1 :i* vulg>ly are call$ %ame2 = wond] is an amazem5t ( ! m9d at behold+ great & wond]ful ?+s1 at he>+ !m1 or feel+ !m 9 "s way or o!r2 =1 inasmu* z !y appe> great1 !y excite rev]5ce 9 him :o sees !m2 inasmu* z !y appe> wond]ful1 !y make him :o p]ceives !m desir\s ( k conc]n+ !m4 ,& !re=e ! anci5t ,k+s 9 _! palaces or habitations set up magnific5t works 9 gold & 9 m>ble & works ( art1 9 ord] t ^? :o %\ld see !m %\ld become a/oni%$1 & !re=e rev]5t inquir]s into ! hon\rable conditions ( ! ,k+4 ,!re=e ,/atius1 ! sweet ,poet1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,!ban ,hi/ory1 says t1 :5 ,adra/us1 ,k+ ( ! ,argives1 saw ,polynices cov]$ ) ! sk9 ( a lion1 & saw ,tydeus cov]$ ) ! hide ( a wild bo>1 & recall$ to m9d ! reply t ,apollo _h giv5 conc]n+ 8 daught]s1 he became amaz$1 & !re=e m rev]5t & m desir\s = k4 ,mode/y is a %r9k+1 a draw+-back ( ! m9d f unseemly ?+s1 ) ! fe> ( fall+ into !m2 ev5 z we see 9 virg9s & 9 good wom51 & 9 adolesc5t or "y m51 :o are s mode/ t n only :5 !y are tempt$ to d wrong1 & urg$ to d s1 b ev5 :5 "s fanci$ joy fla%es across ! m9d1 ! feel+ is depict$ 9 ! face1 :i* ei!r gr[s pale ) fe>1 or flu%es rosy-r$4 ,:]e=e ! be=e-m5tion$ poet1 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,!baid already quot$1 says t :5 ,ace/a ! nurse ( ,argia & ,deiphile1 ! daught]s ( ,k+ ,adra/us1 l$ !m be=e ! eyes ( _! holy fa!r into ! pres5ce ( ! two pilgrims1 t is to say1 ,polynices & ,tydeus1 ! virg9s grew pale & blu%$ rosy-r$1 & _! eyes %unn$ ! glance ( any o!r p]son1 & !y kept !m fix$ on ! pat]nal face alone1 z if !re 7 safety4 ,?is mode/y--h[ _m errors does x bridle 91 or repress8 ,on h[ _m immode/ que/ions & impure ?+s does x impose sil5ce6 ,h[ mu* di%one/ gre$ does x repress6 ,9 ! *a/e woman1 aga9/ h[ _m evil temptations does x r\se mi/ru/1 n only 9 h]1 b also 9 him :o wat*es ov] h]6 ,h[ _m unseemly words does x re/ra96 =1 z ,tullius says 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,(fices3 ,no action is unseemly :i* is n unseemly 9 ! nam+4 ,& fur!rmore1 ! ,mode/ & ,noble ,man nev] c\ld speak 9 su* a mann] t to a woman 8 words w\ld n be dec5t & su* z %e c\ld he>4 ,alas1 h[ great is ! evil 9 e man :o seeks = hon\r1 to m5tion ?+s :i* w\ld be deem$ evil 9 ! m\? ( any woman6 ,%ame is a fe> ( di%on\r ?r\gh fault committ$1 & f ?is fe> !re spr+s up a p5it5ce = ! fault1 :i* has 9 itself a bitt] sorr[ or grief1 :i* is a *a/isem5t & pres]vative aga9/ future wrong-do+4 ,:]e=e ?is same poet says1 9 t same "p1 t :5 ,polynices 0 que/ion$ by ,k+ ,adra/us conc]n+ 8 life1 he hesitat$ at fir/ ?r\gh %ame to speak ( ! crime :i* he _h committ$ aga9/ 8 fa!r1 & also = ! s9s ( ,o$ipus1 8 fa!r1 :i* appe>$ to rema9 9 ! %ame ( ! son2 !re=e he nam$ n 8 fa!r1 b 8 ance/ors1 & 8 c\ntry1 & 8 "m2 & !re=e x does inde$ appe> t %ame is necess>y to t age4 ,& ! noble nature reveals 9 ?is age1 n only ob$i5ce1 g5tl5ess1 affability1 & mode/y1 b x %[s beauty & agility ( body1 ev5 z ! ,song expresses3 ,to furni% ,virtue's p]son ) ,! graces x may ne$4 ,"h x is to be kn[n t ?is "w ( b5efic5t ,nature is also necess>y to our good life1 = our ,s\l mu/ "w 9 ! great] "p ( all its op]ations ) a bodily organ2 & !n x works well :5 ! body ?r\gh all its p>ts is well proportion$ & appo9t$4 ,& :5 x is well proportion$ & appo9t$1 !n x is beautiful ?r\gh\t & 9 all its p>ts2 = ! due ord]+ or proportion ( our limbs produces a pleas+ impression ( ,i "k n :at ( wond]ful h>mony2 & ! good disposition1 t is to say1 ! heal? ( m9d & body1 ?r[s ov] all a col\r+ sweet to behold4 ,& ?us to say t ! noble nature takes he$ = ! graces ( ! body1 & makes x fair & h>moni\s1 is tantam\nt to say+ t x prep>es x & r5d]s x fit to atta9 ! p]fection orda9$ = x3 & ^? o!r ?+s :i* h be5 discuss$ seem to be requisite to ,adolesc5ce1 :i* ! noble ,m9d1 t is to say1 ! noble ,nature1 furni%es =? to x 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( life1 z gr[? ( ! se$ s[n !re9 by ! ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,s9ce ! fir/ section ( ?is "p1 :i* %[s h[ we c recognize ! ,noble ,man by app>5t signs1 is reason$ out1 x is "r to proce$ to ! second section1 :i* beg9s3 ,are temp]ate 9 ,y\?1 ,& resolutely /rong4 ,x says1 !n1 t z ! noble ,nature 9 ,adolesc5ce or ! ,spr+-"t ( ,y\? appe>s ob$i5t1 g5tle1 & mode/1 ! beautifi] ( its p]son1 s 9 ,y\? x is temp]ate1 /rong1 & lov+1 c\rte\s & loyal2 :i* five ?+s appe> to be1 & are1 necess>y to our p]fection1 inasmu* z we h respect unto ourselves4 ,& ) reg>d to ?is x is desirable to "k t j z ! noble ,nature prep>es 9 ! fir/ age1 x is prep>$ & orda9$ by ! c>e or =esight ( ,univ]sal ,nature1 :i* orda9s & appo9ts ! p>ticul> ,nature :]e-ev] exi/+1 to atta9 its p]fection4 ,?is p]fection ( ours may be consid]$ 9 a d\ble s5se4 ,x is possible to consid] x z x has respect to ourselves1 & we ought to possess ?is 9 our ,y\?1 :i* is ! culm9at+ po9t ( our life4 ,x is possible to consid] x z x has respect to o!rs1 & s9ce 9 ! fir/ place x is necess>y to be p]fect1 & !n to communicate ! p]fection to o!rs1 x is requisite to possess ?is second>y p]fection aft] ?is age1 t is to say1 9 ,old ,age1 z w be said subsequ5tly4 ,"h1 !n1 x is ne$ful to recall to m9d t :i* 0 argu$ 9 ! tw5ty-second *apt] ( ?is treatise conc]n+ ! appetite or impulse :i* is born 9 u4 ,?is appetite or impulse nev] does aught else b to pursue & to flee1 & :5ev] x pursues t :i* is to be pursu$1 & z f> z is "r1 & flies f t :i* is to be fl$ f1 & z mu* z is "r1 !n is ! man )9 ! limits ( 8 p]fection4 ,truly1 ?is appetite or natural impulse mu/ h ,reason = its rid]2 = z a horse at lib]ty1 h[ev] noble x may be by nature1 by itself )\t ! good rid] does n conduct itself well1 ev5 ?us ?is appetite1 h[ev] noble x may be1 mu/ obey ,reason1 :i* guides x ) ! bridle & spur1 z ! good knight uses ! bridle :5 he hunts4 ,& t bridle is t]m$ ,temp]ance1 :i* m>ks ! limit up to :i* x is lawful to pursue2 he uses ! spur 9 flight to turn ! horse away f ! place f :i* he w\ld flee away2 & ?is spur is call$ ,c\rage1 or r ,magnanimity1 a ,virtue t po9ts out ! place at :i* x is "r to /op1 & to resi/ evil ev5 to mortal combat4 ,& ?us ,virgil1 our greate/ ,poet1 repres5ts neas z "u ! influ5ce ( p[]ful self control 9 t "p ( ! neid :]e9 ?is age is typifi$1 :i* "p compreh5ds ! f\r? & ! fif? & ! six? books ( ! neid4 ,& :at self-re/ra9t 0 t :51 hav+ receiv$ f ,dido s mu* pleasure1 z w be spok5 ( 9 ! sev5? treatise1 & enjoy+ s mu* delectation ) h]1 he dep>t$1 9 ord] to foll[ ! upright & praisewor?y pa? fruitful ( good works1 ev5 z x is writt5 9 ! f\r? book ( ! neid6 ,:at impetus 0 t :5 neas _h ! =titude alone ) ,sybilla to ent] into ,hades1 to se>* = ! ,s\l ( 8 fa!r ,an*ises1 9 ! face ( s _m dang]s1 z x is %[n 9 ! six? book ( ! neid4 ,:]e=e x appe>s t 9 our ,y\?1 9 ord] to be 9 our p]fection1 we mu/ be ,temp]ate & ,brave4 ,! good disposition secures ?is = u1 ev5 z ! ,song expressly /ates4 ,aga91 at ?is age x is necess>y to its p]fection to be ,lov+2 because at ?is age x is requisite to look beh9d & be=e1 z be+ midway ov] ! ar*4 ,! y\? ought to love 8 eld]s1 f :om he has receiv$ 8 be+1 & 8 nutrim5t1 & 8 in/ruction1 s t he may n appe> ungrateful4 ,he ought to love 8 juniors1 s9ce1 9 lov+ !m1 he gives !m ( 8 good gifts1 = :i* 9 aft]-ye>s1 :5 ! y\ng] fri5ds are prosp]+1 he may be support$ & hon\r$ by !m4 ,& ! poet nam$ above1 9 ! fif? book be=e-m5tion$1 makes x evid5t t neas possess$ ?is lov+ disposition1 :5 he left ! ag$ ,trojans 9 ,sicily1 recomm5d$ to ,ace/es1 & set !m free f ! fatigues ( ! voyage2 & :5 he in/ruct$1 9 ! same place1 ,ascanius 8 son1 ) ! o!r "y m51 9 j\/+ or 9 feats ( arms2 :]e=e x appe>s t to ?is age ,love is necess>y1 ev5 z ! ,song says4 ,aga91 to ?is age ,c\rtesy is necess>y1 =1 al?\gh to e age x is "r or beautiful to be possess$ ( c\rte\s mann]s1 to ?is age x is especially necess>y1 because1 on ! contr>y1 ,old ,age1 ) its gravity & its sev]ity1 _c possess c\rtesy1 if x has be5 want+ 9 ?is y\?ful p]iod ( life2 & ) ,extreme ,old ,age x is ! same 9 a great] degree4 ,& t mo/ noble poet1 9 ! six? book be=e-m5tion$1 proves t neas possess$ ?is c\rtesy1 :5 he says t neas1 !n ,k+1 9 ord] to pay hon\r to ! dead body ( ,mis5us1 :o _h be5 ! trumpet] ( ,hector1 & aft]w>ds accompani$ neas1 made himself ready & took ! axe to assi/ 9 cutt+ ! logs = ! fire :i* mu/ burn ! dead body1 z 0 _! cu/om4 ,:]e=e ?is c\rtesy does inde$ appe> to be necess>y to ,y\?2 & !re=e ! noble ,s\l reveals x 9 t age1 z has be5 said4 ,aga91 x is necess>y to ?is age to be ,loyal4 ,loyalty is to foll[ & to put 9 op]ation t :i* ! ,laws comm&1 & ?is especially is necess>y 9 ! "y man2 because ! adolesc5t1 z x has be5 said1 on acc\nt ( 8 m9ority1 m]its ready p>don2 ! old man1 on acc\nt ( great] exp]i5ce1 ought to be j1 b n a foll[] ( ! ,law except inasmu* z 8 upright judgm5t & ! ,law are at "o z x 72 & almo/ )\t any ,law he ought to be able to foll[ ! dictates ( 8 own j m9d4 ,! "y man is n able to d ?is1 & x is suffici5t t he %\ld obey ! ,law1 & take delight 9 t ob$i5ce2 ev5 z ! be=e-said poet says1 9 ! fif? book previ\sly m5tion$1 t neas did :5 he in/itut$ ! games 9 ,sicily on ! anniv]s>y ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 = :at he promis$ = ! victories he loyally gave to ea* victor1 accord+ to _! anci5t cu/om1 :i* 0 _! ,law4 ,:]e=e1 x is evid5t t1 to ?is age1 ,loyalty1 ,c\rtesy1 ,love1 ,c\rage1 & ,temp]ance are necess>y1 ev5 z ! ,song says1 :i* at pres5t ,i h reason$ out2 & !re=e ! noble ,s\l reveals !m all4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,t section :i* ! text puts =w>d hav+ be5 reason$ out & made suffici5tly cle>1 %[+ ! qualities ( uprightness :i* ! noble ,s\l puts into ,y\?1 we g on to pay att5tion to ! ?ird "p1 :i* beg9s1 ,are prud5t 9 _! ,age1 9 :i* ! ,song int5ds to %[ ^? qualities :i* ! noble ,nature reveals & ought to possess 9 ! ?ird age1 t is to say1 ,old ,age4 ,& x says t ! noble ,s\l 9 ,old ,age is prud5t1 is j1 is lib]al & *e]ful1 will+ to speak k9dly & = ! good ( o!rs1 & ready to li/5 = ! same reason1 t is to say1 t x is affable4 ,& truly ^! f\r ,virtues are mo/ suitable to ?is age4 ,&1 9 ord] to p]ceive ?is1 x is to be kn[n t1 z ,tullius says 9 8 book ,on ,old ,age1 ,our life has a c]ta9 c\rse1 & "o simple pa?1 t ( natural moral goodness2 & to ea* "p ( our age !re is giv5 a season = c]ta9 ?+s4 ,:]e=e1 z to ,adolesc5ce is giv51 z has be5 said above1 t by means ( :i* x may atta9 p]fection & maturity1 s to y\? is giv5 p]fection & maturity 9 ord] t ! sweetness ( its p]fect fruit may be pr(itable to ! man himself & to o!rs2 =1 z ,ari/otle says1 man is a civil or polite animal1 because x is requir$ ( him to be useful1 n only to himself1 b to o!rs z well4 ,:]e=e "o reads ( ,cato1 t he believ$ himself to be born n only to himself1 b to 8 c\ntry & to all ! _w4 ,!n aft] our own p]fection1 :i* is acquir$ 9 ,y\?1 !re mu/ foll[ t :i* may give light n only to "o's self1 b to o!rs z well2 & a man ought to op5 & broad5 l a rose z x 71 :i* c no long] rema9 clos$1 & spread abroad ! sweet od\r :i* is br$ )92 & ?is ought to be ! case 9 t ?ird age :i* we h n[ 9 h&4 ,!n x mu/ be ,prud5t1 t is to say1 ,wise4 ,&1 9 ord] to be ?is1 a good memory ( ! ?+s :i* h be5 se5 is requisite1 & a good k ( pres5t ?+s1 & good =esight = ?+s ( ! future4 ,&1 z ! ,philosoph] says 9 ! six? book ( ,e?ics1 x is impossible = ! man :o is n good to be wise2 & !re=e he is n to be call$ a wise man :o acts ) cunn+ & ) deception1 b he is to be call$ an a/ute man4 ,z no "o w\ld call him a wise man :o might inde$ "k h[ to draw ) ! po9t ( a knife 9 ! pupil ( ! eye1 ev5 s he is n to be call$ a wise man :o kn[s h[ to d a bad ?+ well1 9 ! do+ ( :i* he mu/ always fir/ injure "s o!r p]son4 ,if we consid] well1 good c\nsel spr+s f ,prud5ce1 :i* leads or guides a man1 & o!r m51 to a good end 9 human affairs4 ,& ?is is t gift :i* ,solomon1 p]ceiv+ himself to be plac$ z rul] ov] ! p1 ask$ ( ,god1 ev5 z x is writt5 9 ! ,?ird ,book ( ,k+s2 nor does ! prud5t man wait = c\nsel to be ask$ ( him2 b ( himself1 =esee+ ! ne$ = x1 unask$ he gives c\nsel or advice2 l ! rose1 :i* n only to him :o goes to h] = h] sweet od\r freely gives x1 b also to any "o :o passes ne>4 ,"h x w\ld be possible = any doctor or lawy] to say3 ,!n %all ,i c>ry my c\nsel or advice1 & %all ,i give x ev5 be=e x be ask$ ( me1 & %all ,i n reap fruit f my art or skill8 ,i reply 9 ! words ( our ,savi\r3 ,freely ye h receiv$1 freely give4 ,i say1 !n1 ,ma/] ,lawy]1 t ^? c\nsels :i* h no respect to ?9e art1 & :i* proce$ alone f t good s5se or wisdom :i* ,god gave !e 7:i* is ! prud5ce ( :i* we speak71 ?\ oughte/ n to sell to ! sons or *ildr5 ( ,him :o has giv5 x to !e4 ,b ^? c\nsels :i* belong to ! art :i* ?\ ha/ pur*as$1 ?\ may/ sell2 b n 9 su* a way b t at any "t ! t5? "p ( !m may be fitly set ap>t & giv5 unto ,god1 t is1 to ^? unhappy ones to :om ! ,div9e protection is all t is left4 ,likewise at ?is age x is "r to be ,j1 9 ord] t ! judgm5ts & ! au?ority ( ! man may be a light & a law to o!r m54 ,& because ?is p>ticul> ,virtue1 t is to say1 ,ju/ice1 0 se5 by ! anci5t philosoph]s to appe> p]fect 9 m5 ( ?is age1 !y entru/$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! cities to ^? m5 :o _h atta9$ t age2 & !re=e ! college ( ,rectors 0 call$ ! ,s5ate4 ,oh1 my unhappy1 unhappy c\ntry6 h[ my he>t is wrung ) pity = !e :5ev] ,i read1 :5ev] ,i write1 any?+ :i* may h ref]5ce to ,civil ,gov]nm5t6 ,b s9ce 9 ! la/ treatise ( ?is book ,ju/ice w be discuss$1 to ! pres5t let ?is slight notice ( x suffice4 ,also at ?is age a man ought to be lib]al1 because a ?+ is !n mo/ suitable :5 x gives mo/ satisfaction to ! due requirem5ts ( its nature3 nor to ! due requirem5ts ( ,lib]ality is x ev] possible to give m satisfaction ?an at ?is age4 ,= if we w look well at ! argum5t ( ,ari/otle 9 ! f\r? book ( ,e?ics1 & at t ( ,tullius 9 8 book ,( ,(fices1 ,lib]ality desires to be seasonable 9 place & "t2 s t ! lib]al man may n injure himself nor o!r m52 :i* ?+ x is n possible to h )\t ,prud5ce & )\t ,ju/ice1 ,virtues t previ\s to ?is age x is impossible to h or possess 9 p]fection 9 ! ,natural way4 ,alas6 ye base-born ones1 born "u evil />s1 ye :o rob ! wid[s & orphans1 :o ravi% or despoil ^? :o possess lea/1 :o /eal f & occupy or usurp ! homes ( o!r m51 & ) t spoil y furni% =? fea/s1 wom51 horses1 arms1 robes1 money2 y we> wond]ful g>m5ts1 y build m>vell\s palaces2 & y believe t y d de$s ( great lib]ality3 & ?is is no o!r ?an to take ! clo? f ! alt> & to cov] !re) ! ?ief & 8 table6 ,n o!rwise "o ought to laugh1 ,o tyrants1 at y\r b\nte\s lib]ality ?an at ! ?ief :o %\ld lead ! invit$ gue/s into 8 h\se to 8 fea/1 & place ^u 8 table ! clo? /ol5 f ! alt>1 ) ! ecclesia/ical signs inwov51 & %\ld n believe t o!r m5 might p]ceive ! sacrilege4 ,he>1 ,o ye ob/9ate m51 :at ,tullius says aga9/ y 9 ! book ,( ,(fices3 ,c]ta9ly !re are _m1 desir\s ( be+ great & glori\s1 :o rob "s t !y may give to o!rs1 believ+ !mselves to be e/eem$ good m5 if !y enri* _! fri5ds ) :at ! ,law all[s4 ,b ?is is s opposite or contr>y to t :i* ought to be done1 t no?+ is m wrong4 ,at ?is age also a man ought to be ,affable1 to speak = ! good ( o!rs1 & to li/5 to su* spee* will+ly1 s9ce x is good = a man to disc\rse k9dly at an age :5 he is li/5$ to4 ,& ?is age also has ) x a %ad[ ( au?ority1 = :i* reason x appe>s t ! ag$ man is m likely to be li/5$ to ?an a p]son 9 a y\ng] p]iod ( life4 ,& ( mo/ good & beautiful ,tru?s x seems t a man ought to h k aft] ! long exp]i5ce ( life4 ,:]e=e ,tullius says1 9 t book ,on ,old ,age1 9 ! p]son ( ,cato ! eld]3 ,to me is increas$ ! desire & ! delight to rema9 9 conv]sation long] ?an ,i am wont4 ,& t all f\r ( ^! ?+s are "r & prop] to ?is age1 ,ovid tea*es1 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,metamorphoses1 9 t fable :]e he writes h[ ,cephalus ( ,a!ns came to acus ! ,k+ = help 9 ! w> :i* ,a!ns _h ) ! ,cretans4 ,he %[s t acus1 an old man1 0 prud5t :51 hav+1 ?r\gh pe/il5ce caus$ by corruption ( ! air1 lo/ almo/ all 8 p1 he wisely _h rec\rse to ,god1 & bes\ght ( ,him ! re/oration ( ! dead2 & = 8 wisdom1 :i* 9 pati5ce possess$ him & caus$ him to turn to ,god1 8 p 7 re/or$ to him 9 great] numb] ?an be=e4 ,he %[s t he 0 j1 :5 he says t acus 0 ! divid] & ! di/ributor ( 8 des]t$ l& to 8 new p4 ,he %[s t acus 0 g5]\s or lib]al :5 he said to ,cephalus1 aft] 8 reque/ = aid3 ,o ,a!ns6 ask me n to r5d] assi/ance1 b take x y\rself2 d\bt n ! /r5g? ( ! =ces :i* ?is isl& possesses1 nor ! p[] ( my /ate & realm2 troops are n want+ to u1 nay1 we h !m 9 excess = (f5ce & def5ce2 x is inde$ a happy "t to give y aid1 & )\t excuse4 ,alas1 h[ _m ?+s are to be obs]v$ 9 ?is reply6 b to a good1 intellig5t man x is suffici5t = x to be plac$ "h1 ev5 z ,ovid puts x4 ,he %[s t acus 0 affable :5 he describ$1 9 a long spee* to ,cephalus1 ! hi/ory ( ! pe/il5ce :i* de/roy$ 8 p1 & ! re/oration ( ! same1 :i* he tells readily4 ,x is cle> en\gh1 !n1 t to ?is age f\r ?+s are suitable1 because ! noble ,nature reveals !m 9 x1 ev5 z ! ,song says4 ,& t ! example giv5 may be ! m memorable1 acus says t he 0 ! fa!r ( ,telamon & ,peleus & ( ,phocus1 f :i* ,telamon sprang ,ajax & f ,peleus ,a*illes4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,foll[+ ! section :i* has be5 discuss$1 we h n[ to proce$ to ! la/1 t is1 to t :i* beg9s1 ,! f\r? "p ( _! life ,w$s !m aga9 to ,god1 by :i* ! text int5ds to %[ :at ! noble ,s\l does 9 ! la/ age1 t is1 9 ,extreme ,old ,age1 t is1 ,s5ility4 ,& x says t x does two ?+s3 ! "o1 t x returns to ,god z to t port or hav5 :5ce x dep>t$ :5 x issu$ =? to ent] into ! sea ( ?is life2 ! o!r is1 t x blesses ! voyage :i* x has made1 because x has be5 upright1 /raight1 & good1 & )\t ! bitt]ness ( /orm & tempe/4 ,& "h x is to be kn[n t1 ev5 z ,tullius says 9 t book ,on ,old ,age1 ! natural dea? is1 z x 71 a port or hav5 to u aft] our long voyage & a place ( re/4 ,& ! ,virtu\s ,man :o dies ?us is l ! good m>9]2 =1 z he approa*es ! port or hav51 he /rikes 8 sails1 & g5tly1 ) feeble /e]+1 ent]s port4 ,ev5 ?us we ought to /rike ! sails ( our worldly affairs1 & turn to ,god ) all our he>t & m9d1 s t "o may come into t hav5 ) all sweetness & all peace4 ,& 9 ?is we h f our own prop] nature great in/ruction 9 g5tl5ess1 = 9 su* a dea? z ?is !re is no pa9 nor bitt]ness1 b ev5 z a ripe apple easily & )\t viol5ce deta*es itself f its bran*1 s our ,s\l )\t grief sep>ates itself f ! body :]e9 x has dwelt4 ,ari/otle1 9 8 book ,on ,y\? & ,old ,age1 says t ! dea? :i* ov]takes u 9 old age is )\t sadness4 ,& z to him :o comes f a long j\rney1 be=e he ent]s into ! gate ( 8 city1 ! citiz5s !re( g =? to meet him1 s d ^? citiz5s ( ! ,et]nal ,life g =? to meet ! noble ,s\l2 & !y d ?us because ( 8 good works & acts ( contemplation1 :i* 7 ( old r5d]$ unto ,god & )drawn f worldly affairs & ?\ghts4 ,he> :at ,tullius says 9 ! p]son ( ,cato ! eld]3 ,x seems to me t already ,i see1 & ,i uplift myself 9 ! greate/ desire to see1 y\r fa!rs1 :om ,i lov$1 & n only ^? :om ,i knew myself1 b also ^? ( :om ,i h he>d spok54 ,9 ?is age1 !n1 ! noble ,s\l r5d]s itself unto ,god1 & awaits ! end ( ?is life ) mu* desire2 & to itself x seems t x goes out f ! ,inn to return home to ! ,fa!r's mansion2 to itself x seems to h rea*$ ! end ( a long j\rney & to h rea*$ ! ,city2 to itself x seems to h cross$ ! wide sea & return$ into ! port4 ,o1 mis]able m5 & vile1 :o run into ?is port ) sails unfurl$2 & !re :]e y %\ld f9d re/1 are brok5 by ! fury ( ! w9d & wreck$ 9 ! h>b\r4 ,truly ! ,knight ,lancelot *ose n to ent] x ) sails unfurl$1 nor our mo/ noble ,italian ,guido da ,montefeltro4 ,^! noble ,spirits inde$ furl$ ! sails aft] ! voyage ( ?is ,_w1 ^: c>es 7 r5d]$ to ,religion 9 _! long old age1 :5 !y _h laid d[n ea* e>?ly joy & lab\r4 ,& x is n possible to excuse any man because ( ! bond ( matrimony1 :i* may hold him 9 8 old age1 f turn+ to ,religion1 ev5 z he :o adopts ! habit ( ,/4 ,b5$ict & ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ic & ! l mode ( life1 b also x is possible to turn to a good & true ,religion :il/ rema9+ 9 ! bonds ( matrimony1 = ,god asks ( u no m ?an ! religi\s he>t4 ,& !re=e ,/4 ,paul says to ! ,romans3 ,= he is n a ,jew :i* is "o outw>dly2 nei!r is t circumcision :i* is outw>d 9 ! fle%4 ,b he is a ,jew :i* is "o inw>dly2 & circumcision is t ( ! he>t1 9 ! _s1 & n 9 ! lett]2 ^: praise is n ( m51 b ( ,god4 ,& ! ,noble ,s\l 9 ?is age blesses likewise ! "t t is pa/1 & x may well bless x2 because :5 ,memory turns back to !m1 ! ,noble ,s\l rememb]s h] upright de$s1 )\t :i* x 7 n possible = h] to come to ! port :i!r %e is ha/5+ ) su* weal? nor ) su* ga94 ,& ! ,noble ,s\l does l ! good m]*ant1 :o1 :5 he draws ne> to 8 port1 exam9es 8 c>go1 & says3 ,if ,i _h n pass$ along su* a highway z t1 ,i %\ld n possess ?is treasure1 & ,i %\ld n h :]e) to rejoice 9 my city1 to :i* ,i am approa*+2 & !re=e he blesses ! voyage he has made4 ,& t ^! two ?+s are suitable to ?is age t great poet ,lucan repres5ts to u 9 ! second book ( 8 ,ph>salia1 :5 he says t ,m>cia return$ to ,cato1 & entreat$ him t he w\ld take h] back 9 8 f\r? & ,extreme ,old ,age1 by :i* ,m>cia ! ,noble ,s\l is meant1 & we c ?us depict ! symbol ( x 9 all ,tru?4 ,m>cia 0 a virg91 & 9 t /ate typifies ,adolesc5ce2 %e !n esp\s$ ,cato1 & 9 t /ate typifies ,y\?2 %e !n bore sons1 by :om are typifi$ ! ,virtues :i* are becom+ to "y m51 z previ\sly describ$2 & %e dep>t$ f ,cato & esp\s$ ,hort5sius1 by :i* x is typifi$ t %e quitt$ ,y\? & came to ,old ,age4 ,%e bore sons to ?is man also1 by :om are typifi$ ! ,virtues :i* befit ,old ,age1 z previ\sly said4 ,hort5sius di$1 by :i* is typifi$ ! end ( ,old ,age1 & ,m>cia1 made a wid[1 by :i* wid[hood is typifi$ ,extreme ,old ,age1 return$ 9 ! e>ly days ( h] wid[hood to ,cato1 :]eby is typifi$ ! ,noble ,s\l turn+ to ,god 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,extreme ,old ,age4 ,& :at e>?ly man 0 m wor?y to typify ,god ?an ,cato8 ,none1 ( a c]ta9ty4 ,& :at does ,m>cia say to ,cato8 ,:il/ !re 0 blood 9 me t is to say1 ,y\?1 :il/ ! mat]nal p[] 0 9 me t is1 ,age1 :i* is inde$ ! ,"m ( all o!r ,virtues or ,p[]s1 z has be5 previ\sly %[n or prov$1 ,i1 says ,m>cia1 fulfill$ all ?y comm&m5ts t is to say1 t ! ,s\l /ood firm 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,civil ,laws4 ,%e says3 ,& ,i took two husb&s1 t is to say1 ,i h be5 9 two fruitful p]iods ( life4 ,n[1 says ,m>cia1 t ,i am we>y1 & t ,i am void & empty1 ,i return to !e1 be+ no long] able to give happ9ess to ! o!r husb&2 t is to say1 t ! ,noble ,s\l1 kn[+ well t x has no long] ! p[] to produce1 t is1 feel+ all its memb]s to h gr[n feeble1 turns to ,god1 t is1 to ,him :o has no ne$ ( memb]s ( ! body4 ,& ,m>cia says1 ,give me ! anci5t cov5ant$ privileges ( ! b$s2 give me ! "n alone ( ! ,m>riage ,tie2 t is to say1 ! ,noble ,s\l says to ,god1 ,o my ,"l1 give me n[ repose & re/2 ! ,s\l says1 ,give me at lea/ :atsoev] ,i may h call$ ,?9e 9 a life s long4 ,& ,m>cia says1 ,two reasons move or urge me to say ?is2 ! "o is1 t !y may say ( me1 aft] ,i am dead1 t ,i 0 ! wife ( ,cato2 ! o!r is1 t x may be said aft] me t ?\ did/ n drive me away1 b did/ esp\se me he>tily4 ,by ^! two causes ! ,noble ,s\l is /irr$ & desires to dep>t f ?is life z ! sp\se ( ,god1 & wi%es to %[ t ,god 0 graci\s to ! creature t ,he made4 ,o unhappy & baseborn m56 y :o pref] to dep>t f ?is life "u ! "n ( ,hort5sius r ?an ( ,cato6 ,f ,cato's "n a grace comes into ! close ( ! disc\rse :i* x 0 fit to make t\*+ ! signs ( ,nobility2 because 9 him ,nobility reveals !m all1 ?r\gh all ! ages ( 8 life4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,s9ce ! ,song has demon/rat$ ^? signs :i* 9 ea* age or p]iod ( life appe> 9 ! ,noble ,man1 & by :i* x is possible to "k him1 & )\t :i* he _c be1 ev5 z ! ,sun _c be )\t light or ! fire )\t heat1 ! text cries al\d to ! ,p 9 ! conclud+ "p ( ?is treatise on ,nobility1 & x says3 ,h[ _m are deceiv$6 ,!y are deceiv$ :o1 because !y are ( anci5t & fam\s l9eage1 & because !y are desc5d$ ( excell5t & ,noble fa!rs1 believe !mselves to be ,noble1 yet h 9 !mselves no ,nobility4 ,& "h arise two que/ions1 to :i* x is "r to att5d at ! end ( ?is treatise4 ,x w\ld be possible = ,manfr$i da ,vico1 :o b n[ is call$ ,praetor & ,prefect1 to say3 ,:atev] ,i may be1 ,i recall to m9d & ,i repres5t my eld]s1 :o des]v$ ! ,(fice ( ,prefecture because ( _! ,nobility1 & !y m]it$ ! hon\r ( inve/iture at ! coronation ( ! ,emp]or1 & !y m]it$ ! hon\r ( receiv+ ! ,rose ( ,gold f ! ,roman ,pontiff3 ,i ought to receive f ! ,p hon\r & rev]5ce4 ,& ?is is "o "q4 ,! o!r is1 t x w\ld be possible = ! scions ( ! families ( ,san ,nazz>o di ,pavia & ( ! ,piscitelli ( ,naples to say3 ,if ,nobility is t :i* has be5 describ$1 t is1 t x is ,div9e se$ graci\sly ca/ into ! human ,s\l1 & ! prog5y1 or (f%oots1 h1 z is evid5t1 no ,s\l1 x w\ld n be possible to t]m any ( its prog5y or (f%oots ,noble2 b ?is is oppos$ to ! op9ion ( ^? :o ass]t t our race is ! mo/ ,noble 9 ^! cities4 ,to ! fir/ "q ,juv5al replies 9 ! eigh? ,satire1 :5 he beg9s ) exclaim+1 z x 73 ,:at is ! use ( all ^! hon\rs & ( ?is glory :i* rema9 f ! pa/1 except t !y s]ve z a mantle or cloak to him :o may wi% to cov] himself ) !m1 badly z he may live2 except = him :o talks ( 8 ance/ors1 & po9ts out _! great & wond]ful works1 giv+ 8 own m9d to mis]able & vile actions8 ,& ?is satirical poet asks3 ,:o w call t man ,noble1 because ( 8 good race1 :o is n wor?y ( 8 race8 ,x is no o!r ?an to call ! ,dw>f a ,giant4 ,!n aft]w>ds he says to su* an "o z ?is3 ,betwe5 !e & ! /atue erect$ 9 memory ( ?9e ance/or !re is no o!r dissimil>ity except t its head is ( m>ble & ?9e is alive4 ,& 9 ?is 7) rev]5ce ,i say x7 ,i disagree ) ! poet1 = ! /atue ( m>ble or ( wood or ( metal1 :i* has rema9$ 9 memory ( "s wor?y brave man1 diff]s mu* 9 effect f ! wick$ desc5dant3 because ! /atue always confirms a good op9ion 9 ^? :o h he>d ( ! good r5[n or fame ( him ^: /atue x is1 & x begets good op9ion 9 o!rs4 ,b ! wick$ son or nephew does q ! contr>y3 he weak5s ! good op9ion ( ^? :o h he>d ( ! goodness ( 8 ance/ors4 ,= "s "o says to himself 9 8 ?\ght3 ,x _c possibly be true1 all ?is t has be5 said ab\t ?is man's ance/ors1 s9ce f _! se$ "o sees an (f%oot su* z t4 ,:]e=e he ought to receive n hon\r1 b di%on\r1 :o be>s false or evil witness aga9/ ! good4 ,& !re=e ,tullius says t ! son ( ! brave man ought to /rive to be> good witness to ! fa!r4 ,:]e=e1 9 my judgm5t1 ev5 z he :o defames an excell5t man des]ves to be %unn$ by all p & n li/5$ to1 ev5 s ! vile man desc5d$ f good ance/ors des]ves to be bann$ by all2 & ! good man ought to close 8 eyes 9 ord] n to see t infam\s man ca/+ infamy ^u ! goodness :i* rema9s 9 ,memory alone4 ,& let ?is suffice at pres5t to ! fir/ "q t 0 mov$4 ,to ! second "q x is possible to reply t a race ( itself has no ,s\l2 & inde$ x is true t x is call$ ,noble1 b x is 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n t e :ole is compos$ ( its p>ts1 & !re is a c]ta9 :ole :i* has a simple ess5ce 9 its p>ts1 z 9 "o man !re is "o ess5ce 9 all & 9 ea* individual "p2 & ?is :i* is said to be 9 ! "p is said 9 ! same way to be 9 ! :ole4 ,!re is ano!r :ole :i* has n a common ess5tial =m or ess5ce ) ! p>ts1 z a heap ( corn2 b !re is a second>y ess5ce :i* results f _m gra9s1 :i* possess 9 !mselves a true & prim>y ess5ce4 ,& 9 su* a :ole z ?is !y are said to be ! qualities ( ! p>ts 9 a second>y way2 :]e=e x is call$ a :ite heap1 because ! gra9s :]e( ! heap is made are :ite4 ,truly ?is :ite appe>ance is m 9 ! gra9s 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 ! second place x results 9 ! :ole heap1 & ?us second>ily x is possible to call x :ite2 & 9 su* a way x is possible to call a race ,noble4 ,:]e=e x is to be kn[n1 t z 9 ord] to make a :ite heap ! :ite gra9s mu/ be mo/ num]\s1 s to make a ,noble race ! ,noble ,m5 mu/ be m num]\s ?an ! o!rs1 s t _! goodness1 ) its good fame or r5[n1 may cov] ! opposite quality :i* is )94 ,& z f a :ite heap ( corn x w\ld be possible to pick up ! :eat gra9 by gra91 & sub/itute1 gra9 by gra91 r$ maize1 till1 f9ally1 ! :ole heap or mass w\ld *ange col\r1 s w\ld x be possible = ! good m5 ( ! ,noble race to die out "o by "o1 & ! wick$ ones to spr+ up !re91 :o w\ld s *ange ! "n or fame !re(1 t x w\ld h to be call$1 n ,noble1 b vile1 or base4 ,& let ?is be a suffici5t answ] to ! second "q4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,z x has be5 %[n previ\sly 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is treatise1 ?is ,song has ?ree pr9cipal p>ts1 :]e( two h be5 reason$ or argu$ out1 ! fir/ ( :i* beg9s 9 ! a=esaid *apt]1 & ! second 9 ! sixte5? 7s t ! fir/ ?r\gh ?irte51 & ! second ?r\gh f\rte5 *apt]s1 passes on to an end1 )\t c\nt+ ! ,proem ( ! treatise on ! ,song1 :i* is compris$ 9 two *apt]s71 9 ?is ?irtie? & la/ *apt] we mu/ briefly discuss ! ?ird pr9cipal "p1 :i* 0 made z a refra9 & z a species ( ornam5t = ?is ,song2 & x beg9s3 ,my ,song1 ,aga9/ ! /ray]s4 ,"h x is *iefly to be kn[n t e good workman1 at ! end ( 8 "w1 ought to ennoble & embelli% x z mu* z possible1 t x may leave 8 h&s s mu* ! m preci\s1 & m wor?y ( fame4 ,& ?is ,i endeav\r to d 9 ?is "p1 n z a good workman1 b z ! foll[] ( "o4 ,i say1 !n1 ,my ,song1 ,aga9/ ! /ray]s4 ,aga9/ ! /ray]s is a phrase1 z1 = example1 f ! good fri>1 ,?omas ( ,aqu9as1 :o1 to a book ( 81 :i* he wrote to ! confusion ( all ^? :o g a/ray f our ,fai?1 gave ! title ,contra ,g5tili1 ,aga9/ ! ,hea!n4 ,i say1 !n1 t ?\ %alt g1 :i* is z mu* z to say3 ,?\ art n[ p]fect1 & x is n[ "t1 n to /& /ill1 b to g =w>d1 = ?y ent]prise is great4 ,& ':5 y rea* ,our ,lady1 hide n f h] t y\r end ,is lab\r t w\ld less5 wrong4' ,:]e x is to be obs]v$ t1 z our ,"l says1 ,we ought n to ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e1 because x is n to _! advantage1 & x is injury to ! pe>ls2 &1 z ,aesop ! poet says 9 ! fir/ fable1 a little gra9 ( corn is ( f> m wor? to a cock ?an a pe>l1 & !re=e he leaves ! pe>l & picks up ! gra9 ( corn3 reflect+ on ?is1 z a caution1 ,i speak & give comm& to ! ,song t x reveal its high (fice :]e ?is ,lady1 t is1 :]e ,philosophy1 w be f\nd4 ,& t mo/ noble ,lady w be f\nd :5 h] dwell+-place is f\nd1 t is1 ! ,s\l 9 :i* %e f9ds h] ,inn4 ,& ?is ,philosophy dwells n 9 wise m5 alone1 b likewise1 z is prov$ above 9 ano!r treatise1 :]ev] ! love = h] inhabits1 %e is !re4 ,& to su* z ^!1 ,i say to ! ,song1 ?\ may/ reveal ?9e (fice1 because to !m ! purpose !re( w be useful1 & by !m its ?\ghts w be ga!r$ 94 ,& ,i bid x say to ?is ,lady1 ,i travel ev] talk+ ( y\r ,fri5d4 ,nobility is h] ,fri5d4 ,= s mu* does ! "o love ! o!r1 t ,nobility always seeks h]1 & ,philosophy does n turn aside h] mo/ sweet glance to any o!r4 ,o1 :at a great & beautiful ornam5t is ?is :i* is giv5 to h] 9 ! la/ "p ( ?is ,song1 by giv+ to h] ! title ( ,fri5d1 ! ,fri5d ( h] ^: own abode is 9 ! mo/ secret dep?s ( ! ,div9e ,m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,date ,,( ,,! ,,convito ,x is natural to suppose t ,dante's dea? at ,rav5na 9 #acba caus$ ! ,convito1 a "w ( 8 latt] ye>s1 to be left unf9i%$4 ,b !re are argum5ts t h be5 especially dwelt ^u by writ]s :o reg>d ! ,convito z a "w begun be=e ! conception ( ! ,div9e ,com$y1 & dropp$ :5 ! ,poet's m9d became int5t ^u t ma/]piece4 ,"o argum5t is t ! ,div9e ,com$y is n[h]e m5tion$ or allud$ to 9 ! ,convito4 ,b z ! place design$ = ! ,convito is midway betwe5 ! ,vita ,nuova1 :i* prec$$ x1 & ! ,div9e ,com$y1 :i* 0 to foll[1 ref]5ces to ! poem :i* 0 n yet be=e ! read] w\ld h be5 a fault 9 art4 ,ano!r argum5t is drawn f ! f\rte5? *apt] ( ! ,second ,treatise1 :]e 7on page #hd 9 ?is volume7 ! %ad[ 9 ! ,moon is ascrib$ to ! r>ity ( its body1 9 :i* ! rays ( ! ,sun c f9d no end :]efrom to /rike back aga9 z 9 ! o!r p>ts4 ,9 ! second canto ( ! ,purgatorio1 ,beatrice opposes t op9ion1 :5ce x may be inf]r$ t ,dante _h le>nt bett]1 & he speaks ( ?is aga9 9 a lat] canto 7! tw5ty-second7 z a =m] op9ion4 ,?is leads to an inf]5ce t ! ,second ,treatise 0 writt5 be=e #acjj4 ,att5tion is due also to a passage 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,treatise 7on pages #af & #ag 9 ?is volume71 9 :i* ,dante speaks ( 8 long exile & pov]ty4 ,! exile & ! w&]+s ( ,dante began aft] ! ye> #acjj4 ,he 0 befri5d$ by ,guido da ,pol5ta 9 ,rav5na1 by ,uguccione della ,faggiola 9 ,lucca1 by ,malasp9a 9 ! ,lunigiana1 by ,c ,gr&e della ,scala 9 ,v]ona1 by ,bosone de' ,raffaelli 9 ,gubbio1 by ! ,patri>* ,pagano della ,torre 9 ,ud9e4 ,9 #acaa1 :5 ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ( ,luxemb\rg w5t to ,italy1 ,dante _h "s hope ( return1 :i* pass$ away 9 #acac :5 t ,emp]or di$ 9 ,buonconv5to4 ,dante rema9$ 9 exile4 ,9 #acba 8 patron1 ,guido ,novello da ,pol5ta1 s5t him on an embassy to ,v5ice1 9 :i* he 0 unsuccessful4 ,! sea way be+ block$1 he _h to return by l&1 & he 0 /ruck by ! mal>ia :i* caus$ 8 dea? by fev] on ! #ad? ( ,septemb] 9 t ye>1 #acba4 ,?is ref]5ce to long exile leads to an inf]5ce t ! ,fir/ ,treatise 0 writt5 mu* lat] ?an #acjj4 ,b1 aga91 !re is a passage 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,f\r? ,treatise 7on page #aga ( ?is volume7 t po9ts to an e>li] date4 ,fr$]ick ( ,suabia is nam$ z ! ,emp]or :o held1 ,z f> z he c\ld see1 ,desc5t ( weal?1 & g5]\s ways1 ,to make ,nobility4 ,dante calls him ! la/ ,emp]or ( ! ,romans1 & adds1 ,i say la/ ) respect to ! pres5t "t1 not)/&+ t ,rudolf1 & ,adolphus1 & ,alb]t 7 elect$ aft] 8 dea? & f 8 desc5dants4 ,?is la/ ( ! ,romans 0 t fam\s ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 :o di$ 9 #abej1 & ( :om ,dante said 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,language ( ! ,p3 ,! illu/ri\s h]oes1 ,fr$]ick ,caes> & 8 son ,manfr$i1 foll[$ aft] elegance & scorn$ :at 0 mean2 s t all ! be/ compositions ( ! "t came out ( _! ,c\rt4 ,?us1 because _! royal ?rone 0 9 ,sicily1 all ! poems ( our pr$ecessors 9 ! ,vulg> ,tongue 7 call$ ,sicilian4 ,rudolf ,i4 ( ,hapsburg1 f\nd] ( ! ,imp]ial ,h\se ( ,au/ria1 0 elect$ ,emp]or 9 #abgc1 aft] a "t ( confusion & nom9al rule4 ,he di$ 9 #abia1 &1 in/ead ( 8 son ,alb]t1 ,adolphus ( ,nassau 0 next elect$ ,emp]or4 ,b 9 ,june #abih ,alb]t obta9$ election2 ,adolphus 0 depos$1 & 0 soon aft]w>ds kill$ 9 battle ) 8 rival4 ,alb]t 0 murd]$ on ! #f? ( ,may1 #acjh1 &1 aft] an int]regnum ( sev5 mon?s1 he 0 succe$$ by ,h5ry ,,vii4 ( ,luxemb\rg4 ,n[1 ,dante's li/ does n g on f ,alb]t to ,h5ry4 ,x is assum$1 !re=e1 t ?is passage mu/ h be5 writt5 be=e ! end ( ! ye> #acjh4 ,!re is ano!r passage at ! close ( *apt] vi4 ( ! ,f\r? ,treatise 7on page #ahf 9 ?is volume7 t po9ts to a l inf]5ce ( date4 ,dante writes3 ,ye enemies ( ,god1 look to y\r flanks1 ye :o h seiz$ ! sceptres ( ! k+doms ( ,italy4 ,& ,i say to y1 ,*>les1 & to y1 ,fr$]ick1 ,k+s1 & to y1 ye o!r ,pr9ces & ,tyrants1 see :o sits by ! side ( y 9 c\ncil4 ,! ,*>les & ,fr$]ick "h address$ 7 ,*>les ,,ii4 ( ,anj\1 ,k+ ( ,naples1 & ,fr$]ick ( ,aragon1 ,k+ ( ,sicily2 & ,k+ ,*>les di$ 9 ! ye> #acaj4 ,x has be5 inf]r$1 !re=e1 t ! f\r treatises ( ! ,convito 7 n writt5 consecutively4 ,! ,second ,treatise may h be5 begun "s "t aft] ! dea? ( ,beatrice1 9 #abij1 "t be+ all[$ aft] #abij = ! completion ( ! ,vita ,nuova & a p]iod ( devotion to philosophic /udies4 ,t ,second ,treatise hav+ be5 fir/ writt51 ! ,treatise on ,nobility1 ! ,f\r?1 may h next foll[$2 & ?is may h be5 writt5 be=e ! end ( ! ye> #abih4 ,! ,?ird ,treatise may h be5 writt5 lat]1 & made to connect ! ,second & ! ,f\r?4 ,! ,fir/ ,treatise1 or ,g5]al ,introduction1 :i* has 9 x cle> indication ( a lat] date1 may h be5 writt5 la/1 :5 ! :ole design 0 br\ght into %ape4 ,v>i\s reasons h be5 us$ = dat+ ?is f9al arrangem5t ( ! plan = an ,e?ical survey ( human k 9 fifte5 treatises1 & ! sugge/$ date is ! ye> #acad4 ,! :ole "w seems to h be5 plann$4 ,besides ! ref]5ces to ! ,fifte5? ,treatise1 !re is a glance =w>d to ! matt] ( ! ,sev5? ,treatise 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt] ( ! ,f\r?4 ,! "q ( date is n ( great importance1 & ?is may console u ?\gh we "k t x c nev] be settl$4 ,"h x is only t\*$ ^u to %[ ! significance ( "o or two hi/orical allusions 9 ! book4