,,creation ,,& ,,its ,,records4 ,greek3 ,pi/ei no\m5 kata]ti/hai t\s aionas rhmati !\ eis to mi ek fa9om5on to ,blepom5on gegon5ai4--,,heb4 xi4 #c4 ,,creation ,,& ,,its ,,records4 ,a brief /atem5t ( ,*ri/ian ,belief ) ref]5ce to ,mod]n facts & ,anci5t ,scripture4 ,,by ,b4,h4 ,,bad5-,,p[ell1 ,c4,i4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,,cont5ts 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"p ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,elem5t ,,( ,,fai? ,,9 ,,creation ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,creation ,,/at$ ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,creative ,,design ,,9 ,,inorganic ,,matt] ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,liv+ ,,matt] ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,m>ks ,,( ,,creative ,,intellig5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,organic ,,=ms ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,man ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,fur!r ,,difficulties ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,man ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,n>rative--,,its ,,importance ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,scripture ,,me?ods ,,( ,,revelation ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,int]pret+ ,,! ,,n>rative--,,assumptions ,,( ,,mean+ ,,to ,,c]ta9 ,,t]ms ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,n>rative ,,consid]$ ,,g5]ally 7i47 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,n>rative 7ii47 ,,! ,,second ,,"p ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,int]pretation ,,support$ ,,by ,,o!r ,,scriptures ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,& ,,support$ ,,by ,,! ,,context ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,creation ,,n>rative ,,app5dix4 ,,pr(essor ,,delitzs* ,,on ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ed5 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,among ! recollections t are lifelong1 ,i h "o z vivid z ev] aft] m ?an tw5ty-five ye>s h elaps$2 x is ( an ev5+ lecture--! fir/ ( a s]ies--giv5 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton to work+ m54 ,! lectur] 0 ,pr(essor ,huxley2 8 subject1 ! ,common ,lob/]4 ,all ! app>atus us$ 0 a good-siz$ specim5 ( ! creature itself1 a p5knife1 & a black-bo>d & *alk4 ,) su* mat]ials ! pr(essor gave u n only an exposition1 mat*less 9 its lucidity1 ( ! /ructure ( ! cru/acea1 b su* an insight into ! purposes & me?ods ( biological /udy z few c\ld 9 ^? days h anticipat$4 ,= !re 7 z yet no ,sci5ce ,prim]s1 no ,int]national ,s]ies2 & ! new biology came ^u u l ! revelation ( ano!r _w4 ,i ?9k t lecture gave me1 :at ,i might o!rwise nev] h got 7& :at "s p nev] get71 a pr(\nd conviction ( ! reality & mean+ ( facts 9 nature4 ,t impression ,i h br\ght to ! attempt :i* ?is little book embodies4 ,! facts ( nature are ,god's revelation1 ( ! same weight1 ?\gh n ! same 9 k9d1 z ,8 writt5 ,^w4 ,at ! same "t1 ! fur!r conviction is /rong 9 my m9d1 n m]ely ( ! obvi\s tru? t ! ,facts & ! ,writ+ 7if bo? g5u9e7 _c really diff]1 b fur!r1 t !re mu/ be1 aft] all1 a true way ( expla9+ ! ,writ+1 if only x is look$ = c>efully--a way t w surm\nt n only ! difficulty ( ! subject1 b also ! impati5ce ) :i* "s w reg>d ! attempt4 ,l s _m o!r que/ions connect$ ) religion1 ! "q ( reconciliation produces its d\ble effect4 ,p w ridicule attempts to solve x1 b all ! same !y w return aga9 & aga9 to ! task ( its actual solution4 ,t ! latt] "p ( ! proposition is true1 has rec5tly receiv$ illu/ration 9 ! fact t a review l ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 :i* has s little space to sp>e1 has f\nd room 9 f\r successive numb]s#a = articles by ,glad/one1 ,huxley1 & ,h4 ,drummond1 on ! subject ( ,creation & its ,records4 ,may ,i make "o rem>k on ?is int]e/+ sci5ce t\rnam5t8 ,i c und]/& ! sci5tific conclusions ,pr(essor ,huxley has giv5 u4 ,i c also und]/& ,mr4 ,glad/one1 because he values ! ,writ+ z ! pr(essor values ! ,facts4 ,b "o ?+ ,i c n und]/&4 ,:y is ,pr(essor ,huxley s angry or s contemptu\s ) p :o value ! ,bible1 :ole & z x /&s1 & want to see its accuracy v9dicat$8 ,:y are !y fanatics1 ,sisyphus-lab\r]s1 & :at n8 ,t !y are a v l>ge gr\p num]ically1 & h>dly contemptible intellectually1 is1 ,i ?9k1 obvi\s2 t a fur!r l>ge gr\p 7:o w\ld n id5tify !mselves :olly ) ! out-&-out ,bible def5d]s7 feel a c]ta9 am\nt ( sympa?y1 is prov$ by ! int]e/ tak5 9 ! controv]sy4 ,yet all reconcil]s are ridicul$ or d5\nc$--at any rate are contemptu\sly dismiss$4 ,c x be t ! pr(essor has = ! mom5t ov]look$ "o v simple fact8 ,footnote #a3 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 #ahhe2 & ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 #ahhf4 ,! great bulk ( ^? int]e/$ 9 ! "q place _! :ole hope = _! high] moral & spiritual life 9 ?is _w & ! next on "o c5tral ,p]son--! ,,"l ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,if ,he is wrong1 !n no "o c be "r--!re is no su* ?+ z "r3 t is :at !y feel4 ,x w be conc$$ t x is h>dly fanatical to feel ?is4 ,b if s1 surely x is n fanatical1 b agreeable to ! sob]e/ reason1 fur!r to hold t ?is 7to !m sacr$7 ,,p]son did 7& ,8 apo/les ) ,him7 treat ! ,book ( ,g5esis z a :ole 7& n m]ely p>ts ( x7 z a g5u9e revelation--or1 to use ! popul> expression1 z ! ,^w ( ,,god4 ,t be+ s1 c x be matt] = surprise or contemptu\s pity1 t !y %\ld be anxi\s to v9dicate ! ,book1 to be satisfi$ t ! ,,ma/] 0 n wrong8 ,t is ! ultimate & v real issue involv$ 9 ! "q ( ,g5esis4 ,z long z p feel t1 !y mu/ seek ! reconciliation ( ! two oppos+ ideas4 ,if ! attempt is made 9 a fooli% or bitt] _s1 or )\t a c&id appreciation ( ! facts1 !n ! attempt w no d\bt excite j displeasure4 ,b ne$ x always be s made8 ,z to ! fir/ "p ( my proposition t attempts to reconcile religion & sci5ce are receiv$ ) a c]ta9 dislike1 x is due p>tly to ! unwisdom ) :i* !y are sometimes made4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,drummond speaks ( ! dislike z g5]al4#a ,if ?is is s1 ,i1 z a reconcil]1 c only ask = indulg5ce1 hop+ t grace may be ext5d$ to me on ! gr\nd ( hav+ some?+ to say on ! subject t has n yet be5 consid]$4 ,nor1 z reg>ds ! impati5ce ( ! public1 c ,i admit t !re is only fault on "o side4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w n be d5i$ t "s writ]s1 delight$ ) ! va/1 & app>5tly b\ndless1 vision t ! discov]y 79 its mod]n =m7 ( ,evolution op5$ out to !m1 did incauti\sly proce$1 :ile survey+ _! new k+dom1 to ass]t = x b\nds t /ret* beyond its legitimate scope4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,introduction to 8 well-kn[n book1 ,natural ,law 9 ! ,spiritual ,_w4 ,religioni/s1 on ! o!r h&1 imag9+1 h[ev] wrongly1 t ! errone\s ext5sion 0 "p ( ! true sci5tific doctr9e1 attack$ ! :ole )\t discrim9ation4 ,:ile su* a misappreh5sion exi/$1 x 0 inevitable t writ]s anxi\s alike = ! dignity ( sci5ce & ! ma9t5ance ( religion1 %\ld /ep 9 to po9t out ! error1 & effect a reconciliation ( claims :i* really 7 nev] 9 conflict4 ,x is h>dly ! fault ( religioni/s t x 0 at fir/ suppos$ t "o c\ld n hold ! doctr9e ( evolution )\t d5y+ a special creation & a design+ ,provid5ce4 ,x 0 on ?is v natural supposition t ! fir/ lead+ attack--attribut$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,ox=d--proce$$4 ,& ! writ] fell into ! equally natural mi/ake ( tak+ advantage ( ! uncomplet$ & unprov$ /ate ( ! !ory at ! "t1 to attack ! !ory itself1 in/ead ( keep+ to ! saf] gr\nd1 namely1 t :atev] might ultimately be ! conclusion ( evolutioni/s1 x 0 q c]ta9 t no !ory ( evolution t at all co9cid$ ) ! kn[n facts1 (f]$ any gr\nd = argum5t aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( an ,intellig5t ,lawgiv] & ,fir/ ,cause ( all2 nor did x t5d 9 ! slighte/ to %[ t no su* ?+ z creative design & provid5ce exi/$ 9 ! c\rse ( nature4 ,:at ! discov]y ( evolution really did1 0 to necessitate a revision ( ! hi!rto popul>ly accept$ & g5]ally assum$ & unque/ion$ notion ( :at creation 04 ,& x has long appe>$ to me1 t :ile n[ ! mo/ ?or\ghgo+ advocates ( evolution g5]ally admit t _! ju/ly *]i%$ doctr9e has no?+ to say to ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator1 or to ! possibility ( design--:i* may be accept$ or d5i$ on o!r gr\nds--! writ]s on ! side ( ,*ri/ianity h n suffici5tly recogniz$ ! *ange :i* _! views ought to und]go4 ,z long z ?is is ! case1 !re w cont9ue to be a c]ta9 conflict1 n inde$ betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 b ( ! k9d :i* has be5 vividly depict$ by ! late ,dr4 ,drap]4 ,x c sc>cely h escap$ ! notice ( ! mo/ ord9>y read] t1 9 ! c\rse ( t int]e/+ "w1 ! au?or has v little to say ab\t religion--at any rate ab\t religion 9 any prop] s5se ( ! t]m4 ,! conflict 0 betwe5 a ,*ur* :i* _h a zeal = ,god )\t k1 & ! progress ( sci5tific ?\ght2 x 0 also a conflict betwe5 discov]$ facts1 & facts :i* exi/$1 n 9 ! ,bible1 b 9 a p>ticul> int]pretation1 h[ev] g5]ally receiv$1 ( x4 ,! pres5t "w is !re=e address$ prim>ily to ,*ri/ian believ]s :o /ill rema9 p]plex$ z to :at !y ought to believe2 & its aim is to prev5t1 if may be1 an unreasonable al>m at1 & a useless opposition to1 ! conclusions ( mod]n sci5ce2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x tells !m 9 simple language h[ f> ^? conclusions really g1 & h[ v gr\ndless is ! fe> t !y w ev] subv]t a true fai? t1 antec$5t to ! mo/ wond]ful *a9 ( causation & me?odical work+ :i* sci5ce c e/abli%1 !re is /ill a ,div9e ,design]--,"o :o upholds all ?+s by ! ^w ( ,8 p[]4 ,! doctr9e ( evolution is /ill ! ignotum to a great _m1 & x is !re=e1 accord+ to ! "t-hon\r$ prov]b1 tak5 pro magnifico1 z some?+ t]ribly adv]se to ! fai?4 ,nor c x be fairly d5i$1 z ,i be=e rem>k$1 t "s ( ! /ud5ts ( ! !ory h become s enam\r$ ( x1 s c>ri$ away by ! intoxication ( ! gigantic speculation x op5s out to ! imag9ation1 t !y h succumb$ to ! temptation to c>ry speculation beyond :at ! pro( w>rants1 & ?us l5d "s aid to ! deplorable confusion1 :i* w\ld bl5d 9 "o1 :at is legitimate inf]5ce & :at is unprov$ hypo!sis or m]e supposition4 ,x only rema9s to say t ! basis ( ?is little book is a %ort c\rse ( lectures 9 :i* ,i endeav\r$ to dis>m ! prejudices ( an educat$ b n sci5tifically critical audi5ce1 by simply /at+ h[ f> ! !ory ( cosmical evolution _h be5 really prov$--prov$1 t is1 to ! ext5t ( t reasonable c]ta9ty :i* satisfies ! ord9>y prud5t man 9 affairs ( weight & importance4 ,i h tri$ to %[ t evolution1 ap>t f fanciful & speculative ext5sions ( x1 all[s1 if x does n directly e/abli%1 t ! op]ation ( nature is n a *ance or uncontroll$ proc$ure1 b "o t sugge/s a di/9ct set ( l9es1 & an ord]ly ob$i5ce to pre-conceiv$ law1 intellig5tly & b5efic5tly 79 ! end7 design$4 ,!re are obvi\sly two ma9 po9ts :i* ! ,*ri/ian read] requires to h made cle>4 ,! fir/ is t1 ! mod]n !ory ( evolution be+ admitt$1 ! con/itution ( matt] 9 ! univ]se & ! pr9ciples ( developm5t 9 organic life1 :i* t !ory e/abli%es1 n only d n exclude1 b positively dem&1 ! conception ( a ,div9e artific] & director4 ,! second po9t1 :i* is p]haps ( /ill great] weight ) ! believ]1 is t :]e revelation 7:i* is 8 ultimate /&>d ( appeal7 has t\*$ ^u ! subject ( creation1 its /atem5ts are n m]ely a lit]>y fancy1 an imag9>y cosmogony1 false 9 its facts ?\gh en%r9+ ,div9e tru?1 b are z a :ole p]fectly true4 ,:atev] novelty !re may be1 is to be f\nd 9 ! treatm5t ( ! second subject4 ,! fir/ portion ( ! "w is only a brief & popul> /atem5t ( facts1 q unnecess>y to ! sci5tific read] b probably v necess>y to ! l>ge body ( ,*ur*m51 :o h n /udi$ sci5ce1 b are q able to appreciate sci5tific fact & its be>+s :5 plac$ be=e !m 9 an unte*nical =m1 & dive/$ ( ne$less details & subord9ate que/ions4 ,b x is ar\nd ! suppos$ decl>ations ( ,scripture on ! subject ( creation t ! real conflict has c5tr$4 ,let u look ! matt] q fairly 9 ! face4 ,we accept ! conclusion t 7let u say7 ! horse 0 develop$ & gradually p]fect$ or advanc$ to 8 pres5t =m & *>act]i/ics1 by a numb] ( /ages1 & t x took a v long "t to effect ?is result4 ,n[1 if !re is any:]e a /atem5t 9 ,holy ,writ t 7a7 a horse 0 p] saltum call$ into exi/5ce 9 a di/9ctive & complete =m1 by a special creative fiat1 & t 7b7 ?is happ5$ n gradually1 b 9 a limit$ & specifi$ mom5t ( "t1 !n ,i w at once admit t ! record 7assum+ t its mean+ is n to be mi/ak57 is n provably "r1 if x is n cle>ly wrong2 & accept ! consequ5ces1 mom5t\s z !y w\ld be4 ,if1 9 ! same way1 ! ,record ass]ts t man1 or at lea/ man ! direct prog5itor ( ! ,semitic race1#a 0 a di/9ct & special creation1 8 bodily frame hav+ "s n completely expla9$ developm5tal connection ) ! animal creation1 b 8 high] nature be+ imp>t$ z a special & unique creative end[m5t out ( ! l9e ( physical developm5t altoge!r1 !n ,i %all accept ! ,record1 because ! prov$ facts ( sci5ce h no?+ to say aga9/ x1 :atev] ,drs4 ,bu*n]1 ,vogt1 ,hckel1 & o!rs may ass]t to ! contr>y4 ,footnote #a3 ,) ^: hi/ory1 z lead+ up to ! adv5t ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! l9e ( ,david1 ! ,bible is ma9ly conc]n$4 ,9 ! fir/ ( my two in/ances1 ! popul> idea has long be5 t ! sacr$ record does say some?+ ab\t a direct & sep>ate creative act2 & ?is idea has be5 ! orig9 & gr\nd ( all ! suppos$ conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,z long z ?is idea cont9ues1 x c h>dly be said t a book address$ to ! cle>+ up ( ! subject is unnecess>y or to be reject$ p] se4 ,z to ! me?od 9 :i* ?is subject w be dealt )1 ,i %all ma9ta9 t ! ,scripture does n say any?+ ab\t ! horse1 or ! :ale1 or ! ox1 or any o!r animal1 be+ sep>ately or directly creat$4 ,& ! view ?us tak5 ( ! ,record ,i h n met ) be=e4 ,?is x is necess>y to /ate1 n because ! fact w\ld l5d any value to ! int]pretation--r ! contr>y2 b because x ju/ifies me 9 submitt+ :at1 if new1 may be intr9sically important1 to ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*2 & x also protects me f ! (f5ce ( plagi>ism1 h[ev] unwitt+4 ,if o!rs h ?\ght out ! same r5d]+ ( ! ,g5esis hi/ory1 s mu* ! bett] = my case2 b :at is "h set d[n occurr$ to me q indep5d5tly4 ,a /udy ( ! real mean+ ( ! ,record1 9 ! light ( :at may be fairly reg>d$ z prov$ facts1 _c be )\t its use to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,if x be true t a c]ta9 am\nt ( in=mation on ! subject ( creation is conta9$ 9 revelation1 x mu/ h be5 s conta9$ = a specific purpose--a purpose to be atta9$ at "s /age or o!r ( ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,x is possible also t ! /udy w br+ to light a probable1 or at any rate a possible1 explanation ( "s ( ^? app>5t 7if !y are n real7 dead-locks :i* occur 9 pursu+ ! c\rse ( life hi/ory on ! e>?4 ,su* consid]ations w naturally h m weight ) ! ,*ri/ian believ] ?an ) ^? :o reject ! fai?4 ,b at lea/ ! advantage ( !m rema9s ) ! believ]1 till ! contr>y is %[n4 ,! extreme evolutioni/ may cl+ to ! belief t at "s future "t he w be able to acc\nt = ! entrance ( ,,life into ! _w's hi/ory1 t he w be able to expla9 ! connection ( ,,m9d ) ,,matt]2 or he may hope t ! /]ility ( c]ta9 hybrid =ms w "o day be expla9$ away1 & s on4 ,b till ^! ?+s are got ov]1 ! believ] _c be reproa*$ z hold+ an unreasonable belief :5 8 cre$ ma9ta9s t ,life is a gift & pr]ogative ( a great ,au?or ( ,life2 t ,m9d is ! result ( a spiritual environm5t :i* is a true1 ?\gh physically intangible1 "p ( nature2 & t ! abs5ce ( any pro( t v>iation & developm5t cross c]ta9--p]haps n v cle>ly asc]ta9$1 b indubitably exi/+--l9es1 po9ts to ! design$ fix+ ( c]ta9 types1 & ! re/riction ( developm5tal creation to runn+ 9 c]ta9 l9es ( causation up to ^? types1 & n o!rwise4 ,x c nev] be unreasonable to believe any?+ t is 9 exact accordance ) facts z asc]ta9$ at any giv5 mom5t ( "t--unless1 inde$1 ! fact is indicat$ by o!r consid]ations z be+ "o likely to disappe> f ! category ( fact altoge!r4#a ,en\gh has ?us1 ,i hope1 appe>$1 to make ! appe>ance ( ?is little "w1 at lea/ excusable2 :at m may be necess>y to e/abli% its claim to be read mu/ dep5d on :at x conta9s4 ,i h only to add t ,i c make no pret5sion to be a tea*] ( sci5ce4 ,i tru/ t !re is no mat]ial error ( /atem5t2 if !re is1 ,i %all be ! fir/ to retract & correct x4 ,i am q confid5t t no correction t may be ne$$ 9 detail w s]i\sly affect ! g5]al argum5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,at pres5t x is an asc]ta9$ fact t c]ta9 *emical sub/ances are elem5ts incapable ( fur!r resolution4 ,b !re are n want+ indications :i* w\ld make x a matt] ( no surprise at all1 if we 7 to le>n to-morr[ t ! s-call$ elem5t _h be5 resolv$4 ,su* a fact is an example ( :at is /at$ 9 ! text2 & a belief bas$ on ! absolute & un*angeable /ability ( su* a fact w\ld n be unassailable4 ,b none ( ! above /at$ in/ances ( dead-lock 9 evolution are )9 measurable di/ance ( be+ resolv$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,elem5t ,,( ,,fai? ,,9 ,,creation4 ,9 ! extract plac$ on ! title-page1 ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le cle>ly places our conclusion t ,god e/abli%$ ! ord] ( creation--! l9es1 plans1 developm5tal-sequ5ces1 aims1 & objects1 t ! c\rse ( creation has hi!rto pursu$ & is /ill ceaselessly pursu+1#a 9 ! category ( fai?4 ,( c\rse1 f "o po9t ( view--v probably t ( ! writ] ( ! ,epi/le--?is conclusion is argu$ by ! consid]ation t ! human m9d =ms no di/9ct conception ( ! =mation ( solid--or any o!r =m (--matt] 9 vacuo1 :]e no?+ previ\sly exi/$4 ,& :at ! m9d does n f9d )9 its own p[]1 b :at yet is true 9 ! l>g] spiritual k+dom beyond itself1 is appreh5d$ by ! spiritual faculty ( fai?4 ,footnote #a3 ,greek3 ,kata]ti/hai t\s aionas4 ,?is implies m ?an ! m]e orig9at+ or supply+ ( a numb] ( mat]ial1 organic1 or inorganic 7or ev5 spiritual7 =ms & exi/5ces4 ,:atev] may be ! precise translation ( ,greek3 aion1 x implies a *a9 ( ev5ts1 ! cause & effect1 ! type & ! plan1 & its evolution all includ$4 ,b f ano!r po9t ( view1 ! imm$iate action ( fai? is n s evid5t4 ,if1 x might be said1 ! law ( evolution1 or ! law ( creation1 or :atev] is ! true law1 is1 9 all its be>+s1 a matt] to be obs]v$ & discov]$ by human sci5ce1 !n x is n easy to see h[ !re is any ex]cise ( fai?4 ,we %\ld be m prop]ly said to "k1 by intellectual processes ( obs]vation1 inf]5ce1 & conclusion1 t !re 0 a ,law ,giv]1 an ,artific]1 & a ,fir/ ,cause1 s unlimit$ 9 p[] & capacity by ! conditions ( ! case1 t we mu/ call ,him ,div9e4 ,& _m w probably feel t _! j reason+ on ! subject leads !m to k--k1 i4e41 z approximately c]ta9 z any?+ 9 ?is _w c be4 ,b ! text1 by ! use ( ! t]m ,greek3 aion1 implies 7z ,i sugge/$7 m ?an m]e production ( objects2 x implies a design$ guidance & preconceiv$ plann+4 ,if x 7 m]ely ass]t$ t !re is a fir/ cause ( mat]ial exi/5ce1 & ev5 t su* a cause _h en\gh kn[n 7or to be inf]r$7 ab\t x1 to w>rant our writ+ ,fir/ ,cause ) capitals1 !n ! proposition w\ld pass on all h&s )\t s]i\s "q4 ,b directly we are br\ght face to face1 n m]ely ) ! isolat$ idea ( creation ( tangible =ms out ( no?+ 7z ! phrase is71 b r ) ! :ole hi/ory & developm5t ( ! _w & its inhabitants1 we see s _m conflict+ elem5ts1 su* a p[] ( natural =ces & human passions w>r+ aga9/ ! progress ( good1 & seem+ to end only too (t5 9 disa/]1 t x becomes a matt] ( fai? to p]ceive a ,div9e provid5ce und]ly+ & ov]rul+ all to its own ends4 ,! fact is1 t directly we make m5tion ( ! aeons--! _w's age hi/ories--we are met ) t ,protean problem t always seems to lurk at ! bottom ( e religi\s "q3 ,:y 0 evil p]mitt$8 ,mr4 ,j4,s4 ,mill1 _m read]s w recollect1 conclud$ t if !re 0 a ,god1 t ,god 0 n p]fectly good1 or else 0 n omnipot5t4 ,n[ ( c\rse our limit$ faculties d n enable u to appreh5d a really absolute & unlimit$ omnipot5ce4 ,we c only conceive ( ,god z limit$ by ! t]ms ( ,8 own ,nature & ,be+4 ,we say x is impossible = ,god to lie1 or = ! ,almighty to d wrong 9 any %ape2 9 o!r words1 we are1 9 ?is z 9 o!r matt]s :]e ! f9ite & ! ,inf9ite are br\ght into contact1 l$ up to two necess>y conclusions :i* _c be reconcil$4 ,we c reason out logically & to a full conclusion1 t giv5 a ,god1 t ,god mu/ be p]fect1 unlimit$ & uncondition$4 ,we c also reason out1 provid$ we take purely human & f9ite premises1 ano!r l9e ( ?\ght :i* =bids u to suppose t a ,p]fect ,god w\ld h all[$ evil1 suff]+1 or pa92 & ?is leads u exactly or ne>ly to ,mr4 ,mill's conclusion4 ,:5ev] we are ?us br\ght up to a dead-lock1 z x 71 !re is ! ne$ ( fai?1 :i* is ! faculty :]eby ! f9ite is l9k$ on to ! ,inf9ite4 ,= ?is fai? has two great features3 "o is repres5t$ by ! capacity = assimilat+ fact :i* is spiritual or transc5d5tal1 & !re=e n )9 ! rea* ( f9ite intellect2 ! o!r is repres5t$ by ! capacity = reliance on1 & tru/ 91 ! ,god ^: inf9ite p]fections we _c z f9ite creatures grasp or foll[4 ,9 ! difficult s*eme ( ! _w's gov]nance1 9 ! /orms1 e>?quakes1 pe/il5ces1 suff]+s ( all k9ds--signs ( failure1 sickness1 & decay1 & dea?1 signs ( ! victory ( evil & ! failure ( good--we c only believe 9 ,god1 & t all w issue 9 righte\s ends4 ,& our belief proce$s1 z j /at$1 on two l9es3 "o be+ our spiritual capacity = kn[+ t ,,god ,,is1 & t we1 ,8 creatures1 are ! objects ( ,8 love2 ! o!r be+ ! fact t we only see a v little end ( ! ?read1 or p]haps only a little ( "o ?read out ( a va/ mass ( complicat$ ?reads1 9 ! great web ( design & gov]nance1 & t !re=e !re is wide gr\nd = confid5ce t ! end w be success4 ,we rely confid5tly on ,god4 ,if x is ask$1 ,:y is x a "p ( fai? to h a *ildlike confid5ce 9 an unse5 ,god8--we reply1 t ! ma9 orig9 ( su* confid5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! wond]ful condesc5sion ( ,god exhibit$ 9 ! ,inc>nation1 ! ,cross1 & ! ,resurrection4 ,?is is n ! place to ent] on a detail$ exam9ation ( ! ess5tial importance ( ^! great c5tral facts ( ,*ri/ian belief 9 e/abli%+ fai? 9 ! unse51 & di/+ui%+ its grasp f ! bl9d clut*es ( cr$ulity2 b a s+le consid]ation w suffice at lea/ to awak5 a feel+ ( a wide vi/a ( possibility :5 we put x ?us3 ,d we wond] at ! spectacle ( a righte\s man1 pass+ 8 life 9 suff]+ & pov]ty1 seem+ly /rick5 by ! ,div9e h&8--,b is n ! case alt]$ :5 we reflect t ! ,h& t ?us smites is a h& itself pi]c$ ) ! ,cross-nails ( a t]rible human suff]+1 und]gone solely on man's acc\nt8 ,x c be prov$ easily1 by exhau/ive examples1 to be ! case1 t :]ev] ! f9ite is br\ght into contact ) ! ,inf9ite1 t !re mu/ be a dead-lock1 a lead+ up successively to two conclusions1 "o ( :i* is almo/1 if n q1 contr>y to ! o!r4 ,a v /rik+ in/ance ( ?is is ! "q ( ,pr$e/9ation & ,free-w4 ,f ! f9ite side1 ,i am consci\s t ,i am a free ag5t3 ,i c w to rise up & to lie d[n4 ,x is true t my w may be influ5c$1 /rongly or feebly1 by v>i\s means--by ! effect ( habit1 by ! inh]it$ t5d5cy ( my con/itution1 by "s pres5t motive ( temptation1 & s =?3 b ! w is !re--! motive-influ5ce or incl9+-p[] is n ! w1 b t :i* affects or works on w4 ,a motive pulls me ?is way1 ano!r pulls me t2 b 9 ! end1 my w foll[s "o or ! o!r4 ,i c1 !n1 d z ,i please4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,inf9ite ,k mu/ "k1 & h kn[n f all et]nity1 :at ,i %all d n[1 & at e mom5t ( my future be+3 & = ,omnipot5ce to "k f all et]nity :at w be1 is1 9 our human s5se1 practically undi/+ui%able f ! ?\ght t ! ,p[] has pr$e/9$ ! same2 & man _c ( c\rse alt] t4 ,"h1 !n1 by sep>ate l9es ( ?\ght1 we are br\ght to two opposite & irreconcilable conclusions4 ,x is s always4 ,we _c ourselves imag9e h[ a fix$ set ( laws & rules c be foll[$1 & yet ! be/ int]e/s ( ea* & e "o ( ,god's creatures be s]v$ z truly z if ,god directly wield$ ! ma*9]y ( nature only = ! special b5efit ( ! individual4 ,! ?+ is un?9kable to u3 yet directly we reason on ! necess>ily unlimit$ capability ( a ,div9e ,provid5ce1 we are l$ to ! conclusion t x mu/ be possible4 ,"h !n is ! prov9ce ( ,fai?4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! ,scripture cle>ly recognizes ! two oppos+ l9es4 ,9 "o place we read1 ,?\ ha/ giv5 !m a law :i* %all n be brok52 9 ano!r1 ,all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god4 ,x is by ,fai?1 !n--comb9$ ) only a limit$ degree ( k1 f\nd$ on obs]vation & reason+--t we und]/& t ! aeons 7 con/itut$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 s t ! ?+s :i* are se5 7 n made ( ?+s :i* d appe> 7! ph5om5al has its orig9 9 ! non-ph5om5al74 ,:ile all[+1 !n1 ! elem5t ( ,fai? 9 our recognition ( a ,creator & ,moral ,gov]nor ( ! _w1 our c>e is 9 ?is1 z 9 all ex]cises ( fai?1 t our fai? be reasonable4 ,we are n call$ on to believe s z to be put to confusion1 intellectually1 z ,tait & ,balf\r h x4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,creation ,,/at$4 ,x w /rike "s read]s ) a s5se ( hopelessness1 ?is dem& = a reason 9 our fai?4 ,a special & v ext5sive k is requir$1 x seems1 to te/ ! v positive ass]tion t "s h *os5 to make reg>d+ ! explosion ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 ! matt] ( ,creation4 ,we are told 9 effect t e ?+ goes by itself--t giv5 "s fir/ cause1 ab\t :i* we "k1 & c "k1 no?+1 directly primordial matt] appe>s on ! sc5e1 & ! laws ( sequ5ce & action :i* obs]v$ exp]i5ce has =mulat$ & is progressively =mulat+ are giv51 !n no?+ else is requir$2 no gov]nance1 no control1 & no special design4 ,s t 9 pr9ciple a ,creator & ,provid5ce are baseless fancies2 & ?is is fur!r borne out by ! fact1 t :5 ! ,*ri/ian fai? v5tures on details z to ! mode ( ,creation x is c]ta9ly & demon/rably wrong4 ,if ^! propositions are to be controv]t$1 x mu/ be 9 ! light ( a k :i* a l>ge body ( c&id & e>ne/ believ]s d n possess4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! lab\rs ( _m compet5t to judge h plac$ )9 ! rea* ( ! unsci5tific b c>eful /ud5t1 ! means ( kn[+ :at ! conclusions ( ,sci5ce really are1 z f> z !y affect ! que/ions we h to consid]4 ,at lea/1 any inquir] c1 ) a little c>e & pati5t /udy1 put himself 9 a position to "k :]e ! difficulty or difficulties lie1 & :at means !re are ( gett+ ov] !m4 ,8 want ( te*nical k w n be 9 8 way1 s f> z 8 j appreciation ( ! position is conc]n$4 ,)\t pret5d+ to take up gr\nd :i* has already be5 occupi$ by capable writ]s ^: books c easily be consult$1 ,i may usefully recapitulate 9 a simple =m1 & gr\p$ 9 a suitable ord]1 "s ( ! po9ts be/ wor? not+4 ,! !ory ( cosmical evolution is n1 9 its g5]al idea1 a new ?+4 ,! sort ( evolution1 h[ev]1 t 0 obscurely %ad[$ =? by ! e>ly sages ( ,india 7mu* z x is ! fa%ion n[ to allude to x7 really /&s 9 no practical relation to ! mod]n & natural !ory :i* is associat$ ) ! "n ( ,,*>les ,,d>w91 & :i* has be5 fur!r tak5 up by ,mr4 ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] & o!rs z ! f\ndation = a complete s*eme ( cosmic philosophy4 ,! !ory is n[1 9 its ma9 features1 admitt$ by e "o4 ,b !re are a few :o w\ld pu% x beyond its real asc]ta9$ limits1 & w\ld sub/itute fancies = facts2 !y are n cont5t to leave ! lacunae1 :i* und\bt$ly d exi/1 b fill !m up by hypo!sis1#a pass+ by easy /eps ( =getfulness f ! x 0 possibly1 x 0 likely to h be51 to ! x mu/ h be51 & x 06 ,to all su* ext5sions we mu/ ( c\rse object2 !re are gaps 9 ! s*eme :i* c be fill$ 9 ) really great probability1 & 9 su* cases !re w be no h>m done 9 admitt+ ! probability1 :ile /ill ackn[l$g+ x z su*4 ,an ov]cauti\s lawy]-l capti\sness ( _s 9 su* matt]s w help no cause & s]ve no good purpose4 ,nor is x at all difficult 9 practice to draw ! l9e & say :at is fairly admissible conjecture & :at is n4 ,!re are o!r gaps1 h[ev]1 t at pres5t1 no real analogy1 no fair inf]5tial process1 c bridge ov]2 & to all speculations on su* subjects1 if advanc$ z m ?an b>e & undisguis$ guesses1 objection mu/ be tak54 ,if ?is "o l9e _h be5 fairly & firmly adh]$ to f ! fir/1 x c h>dly be d\bt$ t mu* ( ! acrimony ( controv]sy w\ld h be5 avoid$4 ,x is j z ess5tial at ! pres5t mom5t to insi/ on ! po9t z ev]4 ,b to proce$4 ,/at$ 9 ! extreme =m1 ! !ory is1 t giv5 matt] z a beg9n+1 t matt] is !nce=? capable1 by ! aid ( fix$ & self-work+ laws1 to produce & result 91 all ! ph5om5a ( life--:e!r plant1 animal1 or human--:i* we see ar\nd u4 ,matt] developes f simple to complex =ms1 gr[+ by its own prop]ties1 9 directions det]m9$ by ! circum/ances & surr\nd+s ( its exi/5ce4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is en\gh to in/ance ! !ories ( ,dr4 ,bu*n] &1 9 e>li] days1 ( ,ok54 ,! ,hckel & ,vir*[ incid5t 9 ?is connection1 & ! noble prote/ ( ! latt] aga9/ positive tea*+ ( unprov$ speculation1 are 9 ! recollection ( all4 ,if ,i may put ?is a little less 9 ! ab/ract1 b m at l5g?1 ,i %\ld describe x ?us#a3-- ,a/ronom]s1 :ile wat*+ ! c\rse ( ! />s1 h frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 ! heav5s :at !y call nebulae4 ,) ! be/ telescopes ^! look l pat*es ( gold-du/ or lum9\s haze 9 ! sky4 ,"s nebulae1 x is suppos$1 really consi/ ( :ole sy/ems ( />s & suns1 b at s enorm\s a di/ance t ) our be/ glasses we _c make m out ( !m ?an gr\ps ( app>5t />-du/ ,b o!r nebulae d n appe> to be at ?is extreme di/ance1 & !re=e _c consi/ ( l>ge bodies4 ,& :5 _! light is exam9$ ) ! aid ( a spectroscope1 x gives indications t su* nebulae are only masses ( vap\r1 inc&esc5t1 or giv+ out light on acc\nt ( _! be+ 9 a burn+ or highly heat$ condition4 ,footnote #a3 ,! biological evolutioni/ w1 ,i am aw>e1 object to ?is1 say+ t ! orig9 ( ! cosmos & nebul> !ories are matt]s ( speculation ) :i* he is n conc]n$--!y are no "p ( evolution prop]4 ,b ,i submit t ! g5]al philosophical evolution does include ! :ole4 ,at any rate1 ! mat]iali/ view ( nature does take 9 ! :ole1 9 su* a way z ! text indicates4 ,n[1 x is suppos$ t1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 !re 01 9 space1 su* a nebula or mass ( inc&esc5t vap\r1 :i*1 z x 0 de/9$ to cool d[n & =m a _w1 philosoph]s h call$ cosmic gas4 ,?is cosmic gas1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 began to lose its heat1 & consequ5tly to liquefy & solidify1 accord+ to ! diff]5t nature ( its compon5ts2 & ?us a globe ) a solid cru/ 0 =m$1 ! surface ( :i* 0 p>tly dry & p>tly occupi$ by wat]1 & div]sifi$ by ! abundant production ( ! v>i\s e>?s1 gases1 metals1 & o!r sub/ances ) :i* we are famili>4 ,^! sub/ances1 9 "t1 & by ! sl[ action ( _! own laws & prop]ties1 comb9$ or sep>at$ & produc$ fur!r =ms4 ,b to come at once to ! important "p ( ! !ory1 we mu/ at once direct our att5tion to f\r sub/ances2 ^! w\ld c]ta9ly1 x is said 7& t no d\bt is q true7 be pres5t2 !y are oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 & c>bon4 ,! fir/ ?ree w\ld be1 :5 ! e>? assum$ any?+ l its pres5t conditions ( temp]ature & air-pressure1 invisible gases1 z !y are at pres5t2 ! f\r? is a sub/ance :i* =ms ! basis ( *>coal1 & :i* we see 9 a ne>ly pure =m cry/alliz$ 9 ! diamond4 ,n[1 if ^! sub/ances are br\ght toge!r "u c]ta9 appropriate conditions1 ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 c comb9e to =m wat]2 ! c>bon & ! oxyg5 w =m c>bonic acid2 :ile nitrog5 w jo9 ) hydrog5 to =m t pung5t smell+ sub/ance ) :i* we are famili> z ammonia4 ,aga91 let u suppose t ?ree comp\nd sub/ances--wat]1 c>bonic acid1 & ammonia--are pres5t toge!r ) appropriate conditions2 x is said t !y w comb9e to =m a gummy transp>5t matt]1 :i* is call$ protoplasm4 ,?is protoplasm may be f\nd 9 small %apeless lumps1 or x may be f\nd enclos$ 9 cells1 & 9 v>i\s beautifully %ap$ cov]+s1 & x is also f\nd 9 ! blood1 & 9 all gr[+ p>ts or organs ( all animals & plants ( e k9d :atsoev]4 ,protoplasm1 !n1 is ! physical basis ( life4 ,simple1 uni=m1 %apeless protoplasm1 comb9$ out ( ! sub/ances j nam$1 fir/ came into exi/5ce2 & z1 h[ev] simple or %apeless1 x always exhibits ! prop]ty ( life1 x c h5ce=? gr[ & develop f simpl] to ev] increas+ly complex =ms1 )\t any help b t ( surr\nd+ circum/ances--! second>y causes :i* we see 9 op]ation ar\nd u4 ,if "s read]s %\ld say !y h nev] se5 protoplasm1 ,i may rem9d !m :]e e "o has1 at "s "t or ano!r1 met ) x4 ,if y cut a /ick ( new wood f a h$ge1 & peel (f ! "y b>k1 y "k t ! b>k comes (f easily & entire1 leav+ a clean :ite w& ( wood 9 y\r h&2 b ! w& feels /icky all ov]4 ,?is /icky /uff is no?+ m ?an transp>5t gr[+ protoplasm1 :i* lies close "u ! inn] b>k4 ,at fir/1 ! mat]iali/ holds1 protoplasm appe>$ 9 v simple =ms1 j su* z c /ill be f\nd )9 ! sea1 & 9 ponds4 ,b ! l[] organiz$ =ms ( life are extremely un/able1 & a diff]5t environm5t w always t5d to evoke cont9u\s small *anges1 s t !re may be advance 9 =ms ( all k9ds4 ,= if by *ance#a "s creature exhibits a v>iation :i* is fav\rable to x 9 ! circum/ances 9 :i* x is plac$1 t creature w be fitt] ?an ! o!rs :i* h n t v>iation4 ,& s ! =m] w survive1 & z !y multiply1 _! desc5dants w inh]it ! peculi>ity4 ,?us1 9 ! c\rse ( c\ntless g5]ations1 *ange w succe$ *ange1 till creatures ( q a complex /ructure & specializ$ =m h aris54 ,z ! circum/ances ( life are always inf9itely v>i\s1 ! developm5ts take place 9 _m diff]5t directions2 "s fit ! creature = life 9 deep seas1 "s = fly+ 9 ! air1 "s = liv+ 9 holes & crevices1 "s = cat*+ prey by swift pursuit1 o!rs = cat*+ x by artful contrivance1 & s =?4 ,_m *anges w also arise f protective necessity3 if an insect happ5s to be l a dead leaf1 x w escape ! notice ( birds :i* w\ld snap up a conspicu\sly col\r$ "o2 & s ! dull-col\r$ w survive & p]petuate 8 k9d1 :ile ! o!rs are de/roy$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 beauty 9 col\r & =m may h its use4 ,?is is *iefly exhibit$ 9 ! pref]5ce :i* ! females ( a species %[ = ! adorn$ & %[y males4 ,footnote #a3 ,n really ( c\rse by *ance1 b simply ow+ to su* circum/ances z _c be acc\nt$ = by any direct antec$5ts4 ,suppos+ an organism develop$ s f> z to be a bird1 b only ) dull or ugly fea!rs4 ,by accid5t "o male bird1 say1 gets a few bright-col\r$ fea!rs on 8 head4 ,"h 8 appe>ance w attract birds ( ! o!r sex2 & !n by ! law ( h]$ity1 8 (fspr+ are sure to repeat ! col\r$ fea!rs1 till at la/ a regul>ly bright-cre/$ species-arises4 ,9 ?is way natural v>iability1 act$ on by ! necessities ( environm5t 7:i* cause ! survival ( ! fitte/ specim5s7 & ! pr9ciple ( h]$ity1 viz41 t ! (fspr+ repeat ! features ( ! p>5ts1 aid$ by ! pr9ciple ( sexual selection1 h be5 ! orig9 & cause ( all ! species we see 9 ! _w4 ,?us we h an unbrok5 s]ies--c]ta9 sub/ances cond5s+ out ( cosmic vap\r1 "s ( !m comb9+ to =m ! v>iety ( rocks1 soils1 metals1 c41 & o!rs giv+ rise to protoplasm :i* gr[s' & develops into a ?\s& %apes & hues1 ( insect1 fi%1 reptile1 bird1 & bea/4 ,& !n x is1 t *>m$ ) ! complet5ess & symmetry ( su* a !ory1 & ov]look+ ! difficulties t crop up "h & "h--dem&+ "s ,p[] f )\t to bridge !m ov]--c]ta9 extreme !ori/s h ru%$ to ! conclusion t 9 all ?is !re is no ne$ ( any ext]nal ,creator or ,provid5ce--no?+ b :at we call second>y causes1 ord9>y causes :i* we see at "w ar\nd u all day & e day4 ,h[ inconceivable1 !y add1 is ! tru? ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 :i* ass]ts ! successive creation ( fully-=m$ animals by sudd5 acts ( comm&2 & all accompli%$ 9 a few days at ! beg9n+ ( ! _w's human hi/ory6 ,?is ,i believe to be a fair outl9e1 ?\gh ( c\rse a v r\gh & g5]al "o1 ( ! ,!ory ( ,evolution z reg>ds ! =ms ( matt] & liv+ organisms4 ,n[ x w at once /rike ! c&id read]1 t ev5 grant$ ! :ole ( ! s*eme z /at$1 !re is no?+ 9 x t has any answ] to ! objection1--,b may ,i n believe t a wise ,creator conceiv$ & e/abli%$ ! :ole plan--fir/ creat+ ,,matt] & ,,=ce1 !n sup]add+ ,,life at a c]ta9 /age1 & !n draw+ out ! type & design accord+ to :i* ev]y?+ 0 to gr[ & develop8 ,is n su* a production & su* a design ! true ess5ce ( ,creation8 ,c all ^! ?+s happ5 )\t su* aid8 ,let u !n look m closely at "s ( ! /eps 9 ! evolution j describ$4 ,& let u /op at ! v beg9n+--! fir/ t]m ( ! s]ies4 ,we may agree 79 ! abs5ce ( any?+ lead+ to a contr>y conclusion7 t matt] may fir/ h appe>$ z a cosmic gas1 or inc&esc5t vap\r 9 space4 ,x is probable1 if n c]ta91 t our e>? is a mass t has only cool$ d[n on ! surface1 ! c5tre be+ /ill hot & to "s ext5t1 at any rate1 molt52 & 9 ! sun we h ! case ( an enorm\s globe surr\nd$ ) a photosph]e1 z x is call$--a blaze ( inc&esc5t sub/ances1 :i* our spectroscopes tell u are sub/ances su* z we h on e>? n[ 9 cool$ or cond5s$ condition--iron1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & o!r su* =ms ( matt]4 ,fir/ ( all1 h[ did any sub/ance1 h[ev] vap\ry & t5u\s1 come to exi/1 :5 previ\sly !re 0 no?+8 ,if we admit1 t !re 0 a "t :5 ev5 cosmic gas did n exi/1 !n !re mu/ h be5 an ,ag5t1 ^: fiat caus$ ! *ange4 ,& z t ,ag5t does n obvi\sly belong to ! mat]ial ord]1 x mu/ belong to ! spiritual or non-mat]ial2 = ! two ord]s toge!r exhau/ ! possibilities ( exi/5ce4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is urg$ t primal matt]--cosmic vap\r--conta9+ ! pot5tiality ( all exi/5ce1 is et]nal & alway exi/$ ( itself1 !n we are br\ght face to face ) innum]able difficulties4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! exi/5ce ( matt] is n ! only difficulty to be got ov]2 n ! only dead-lock along ! l9e4 ,we pass x ov] & g on = a "t1 & !n we come to ano!r--! introduction ( ,,life4 ,i w n pause to consid] t "h2 we %all see pres5tly t x is impossible to reg>d life z m]ely a quality or prop]ty ( matt]4 ,:5 we h pass$ t1 we h a ?ird /oppage1 ! introduction ( ,reason or ,intellig5ce2 & !n a f\r?1 ! introduction ( ! ,spiritual faculties1 :i* _c be plac$ on ! same foot+ z m]e reason4 ,s t to get ov] ! fir/ po9t1 & disp5se ) a ,cause or a ,creator ( matt]1 is ( no avail3 x is incr$ible t !re %\ld be no ,creator ( matt]1 b t !re %\ld be a ,creator ( life--an ,imp>t] ( reason1 an ,end[] ( s\l4 ,b let u rev]t to ! fir/ /age & look at ! nature ( ,,matt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,creative ,,design ,,9 ,,inorganic ,,matt]4 ,i take z self-evid5t ! enorm\s difficulty ( self-caus$1 self-exi/5t matt]4 ,& :5 we see t matt] act+1 n irregul>ly or by caprice1 b by law 7z e class ( philosoph] w admit71 !n x is /ill fur!r difficult to realize t matt] n only exi/$ z a dead1 simple1 inactive ?+1 b exi/$ ) a fold$-up hi/ory inside x1 a long sequ5ce ( developm5t--n ! same = all p>ticles1 b v>i\s = ea* gr\p3 s t "o set proce$$ to =m ! object1 & ano!r ! environm5t ( ! object2 or r t a multitude ( sets =m$ a va/ v>iety ( objects1 & ano!r multitude ( sets =m$ a va/ v>iety ( environm5ts4 ,:5 we see matt] act+ by law1 !n if !re is no ,creator1 we h ! to u un?9kable proposition ( law )\t a lawgiv]6 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we %ut out "s ( ! difficulties1 keep our eye on "o "p ( ! case only--& t is :at ! human m9d is v apt to d--we c easily come r\nd to ?9k t1 aft] all1 elem5t>y matt]--cosmic gas--is a v simple ?+2 & looks really z if no great ,p[]1 or ,intellect1 7 requir$ to acc\nt = its orig94 ,aft] all1 "s w say1 if we grant y\r great1 wise1 b5efic5t1 design+ ,creator1 ! f9ite human m9d has z little idea ( a self-exi/+ ,god1 z x has ( self-exi/+ matt] & self-exi/+ law4 ,y po/ulate "o great my/]y1 we po/ulate two small] ones2 & ! two toge!r really pres5t less un?9kabl5ess to ! m9d ?an y\r "o4 ,t is s f> plausible1 b x is no m4 ,to believe 9 a ,,god is to believe 9 ,"o ,exi/5ce1 :o necess>ily 7by ! t]ms ( our conception7 has ! p[] bo? ( creat+ matt]1 design+ ! =ms x %all take1 & orig9at+ ! t5d5cies1 =ces1 activities--or :atev] else we please to call !m--:i* drive matt] 9 ! "r direction to get ! desir$ result4 ,to believe n only t matt] caus$ itself1 b t ! diff]5t =ces & t5d5cies1 & ! aims & ends ( developm5t1 7 self-caus$1 is surely a mu* m difficult task4 ,x is ! exi/5ce ( su* a v>iety1 x is ! exi/5ce ( a uni=m t5d5cy to produce c]ta9 ?\gh multitud9\s results1 t makes ! insup]able difficulty ( suppos+ matt] always develop+ 7t[>ds c]ta9 ends7 to be self-caus$4 ,! advocates ( et]nal matt] really ov]come ! difficulty1 by %utt+ _! eyes to ev]y?+ beyond a "p ( ! problem--! exi/5ce ( simple matt] ap>t f any laws1 prop]ties1 or aff9ities4 ,b ! simple/ drop ( wat]1 9 itself1 & ap>t f its me*anical relations to o!r matt]1 is really a v complex & a v wond]ful ?+2 n at all likely to be self-caus$4 ,wat] is made up1 we "k1 ( oxyg5 & hydrog5--two elem5t>y col\rless1 =mless gases4 ,n[ we c easily divide ! "o drop into two1 &1 )\t any great difficulty1 ! two into f\r1 & 7p]haps ) ! aid ( a magnify+ glass7 ! f\r into eight1 & s on1 z long z ! m9ute p>ticle /ill reta9s ! nature ( wat]4 ,9 %ort1 we speak ( ! smalle/ subdivision ( :i* matt] is capable )\t los+ its own nature1 z ! molecule4 ,all matt] may be reg>d$ z consi/+ ( a va/ mass ( ^! small molecules4 ,n[1 we "k t all kn[n matt] is capable ( exi/+ ei!r 9 a solid1 liquid1 or gase\s =m1 its nature n be+ *ang$4 ,wat] is v easily s dealt )4 ,"s sub/ances1 x is true1 require v great pressure or v great cold1 or bo?1 to alt] _! =m2 b ev5 c>bonic acid1 oxyg51 & hydrog51 :i* "u ord9>y conditions are gases1 c ) prop] appliances be made bo? liquid & solid4 ,pure alcohol1 has1 ,i believe1 nev] be5 made solid1 b t is only because x is s difficult to get a suffici5t degree ( cold3 !re is no d\bt t x c\ld be done4 ,x might be suppos$ t ! molecules ( :i* dead matt] 7:e!r solid1 liquid1 or vap\r\s7 is compos$1 7 equally motionless & /ructureless4 ,b x is n s3 e molecule 9 its own k9d is end[$ ) m>vell\s prop]ties4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 e molecule has a d\ble capability ( motion4 ,9 ! solid =m ! molecules are s pack$ toge!r t1 ( c\rse1 ! motion is excessively re/rict$2 9 ! liquid x is a little easi]2 9 ! gase\s /ate ! molecules are 9 a comp>atively op5 ord]4 ,9 mo/ sub/ances t are solid "u ord9>y conditions1 by apply+ heat cont9u\sly we fir/ liquefy & ultimately vap\rize !m4 ,9 ^? sub/ances :i* "u ord9>y conditions are gas 7l c>bonic acid1 = in/ance71 x is by apply+ cold1 ) p]haps great pressure z well1 t we induce !m to become liquid & solid2 9 fact1 ! process is j rev]s$4 ,z we c mo/ easily foll[ ! process ( heat+1 ,i w describe t4 ,fir/1 ! solid 79 mo/ cases7 gets l>g] & l>g] z x progresses to liquefaction1 & :5 x gets to vap\r1 x sudd5ly exp&s enorm\sly4 ,take a rod ( s(t iron1 & r$uce x to freez+ temp]ature3 let u suppose t 9 t condition x measures j a ?\s& in*es long4 ,!n raise ! temp]ature to #bab degrees 7boil+ po9t71 & x w be f\nd to measure #a1jab in*es4 ,:y is t8 ,obvi\sly1 because ! molecules h got a little fur!r ap>t4 ,if y heat x till ! iron gets liquid1 ! liquid w\ld also occupy /ill m space ?an ! orig9al solid rod2 & if we _h temp]ature high en\gh to make ! melt$ iron g (f into vap\r1 x w\ld occupy an enorm\sly increas$ space4 ,i _c say :at x w\ld be = iron vap\r2 b if a giv5 volume ( wat] is conv]t$ into vap\r1 x w occupy ab\t #a1gjj times ! space x did :5 liquid1 ?\gh ! weight w\ld n be alt]$4 ,x may "h be wor? :ile to m5tion t x is n inv>iably true t a sub/ance gets contract$1 & ! molecules m & m press$ toge!r1 z x assumes a solid =m4 ,!re is at lea/ "o exception4 ,if we take #a1gjj p9ts ( /eam1 ! wat]1 z ,i said1 on becom+ cool en\gh to lose ! vap\r\s =m1 w %r9k into a measure hold+ a s+le p9t2 if we cool$ l[] /ill1 x w get small] & small] 9 bulk 7?\gh ( c\rse n at all at ! same rate7 till x arrives at a po9t :5 x is j go+ to freeze2 !n sudd5ly 7#g degrees above ! freez+ po9t7 x aga9 beg9s to exp&4 ,ice occupies m space ?an cold wat]2 its molecules get arrang$ 9 a p>ticul> mann] by _! cry/allization4 ,on ! admission ( an intellig5t ,creator provid+1 by b5efic5t design1 ! laws ( matt]1 x is easy to give a reason = ?is useful prop]ty4 ,x prev5ts ! inhabitants ( nor!rn climates be+ depriv$ ( a supply ( wat]4 ,z x is1 ! solid wat] or ice exp&s1 &1 becom+ light]1 =ms at ! top ( ! wat]1 & ! heavi] w>m] wat] rema9s bel[4 ,b if ice always got d5s] & sank1 ! w>m] liquid w\ld be p]petually displac$ & s come up to ! surface1 :]e x w\ld freeze & s9k 9 its turn4 ,9 a %ort "t1 !n1 all our wat] supplies w\ld 7:5ev] ! temp]ature w5t d[n to freez+1 :i* x con/antly does 9 w9t]7 be turn$ into solid ice4 ,?is w\ld be a s\rce ( ! grave/ inconv5i5ce to ! population ( a cold climate4 ,if we d5y a design+ m9d1 ! alt]native is t ?is prop]ty ( wat] is a m]e *ance4 ,b to return to molecules4 ,molecules are end[$ ) an inh]5t faculty ( motion2 only "u ! conditions ( :at we call ! solid1 !y are s compress$1 t !re is no room = any motion appreciable to ! s5ses4 ,ev5 if ! solid is conv]t$ into vap\r1 ! molecules are /ill mu* re/ra9$ 9 _! movem5ts by ! pressure ( ! air4 ,b ( late ye>s1 great improvem5ts 7p>tly *emical1 p>tly me*anical7 h be5 made 9 produc+ p]fect vacua2 t is to say1 9 gett+ glass or o!r vessels to be s f> empty ( air1 t ! almo/ inconceivably small residue 9 ! receptacle has no p]ceptible effect on ! action ( a small quantity ( any sub/ance already r$uc$ to ! =m ( gas or vap\r introduc$ into x4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,crookes has made _m beautiful exp]im5ts on ! behavi\r ( ! molecules ( att5uat$ matt] 9 vacua4 ,! small quantity ( vap\r introduc$ conta9s only a relatively small numb] ( molecules1 :i* ?us fre$ f all s5sible re/ra9t )9 ! limits ( ! glass vessel us$1 are free to move z !y w2 !y are obs]v$ to ru% ab\t1 to /rike aga9/ ! sides ( ! vessel1 & "u prop] conditions to %9e & become radiant1 & to exhibit extraord9>y ph5om5a :5 subject$ to curr5ts ( electricity4 ,s peculi> is ! molecul> action ?us set up1 t sci5tific m5 h be5 tempt$ to speak ( a f\r? condition ( matt] 7besides ! ?ree ord9>y ones1 solid1 liquid1 & gase\s71 :i* !y call ! ultra-gase\s or radiant /ate ( matt]4 ,?is m>vel ( molecul> /ructure seems already to h remov$ u suffici5tly f> f ! idea ( a simple in]t mass1 :i* might be primordial & self-caus$4 ,b we h n yet done4 ,ev5 imag9+ ! extreme subdivision#a ( ! p>ticles 9 "o ( ,dr4 ,crookes' vacuum globes1 ! p>ticles are /ill wat]4 ,b we "k t wat] is a comp\nd sub/ance4 ,! molecule has n9e p>ts1 ( :i* eight are hydrog5 & "o oxyg5--because t is ! exp]im5tally kn[n proportion 9 :i* oxyg5 & hydrog5 comb9e to =m wat]4 ,z we c 79 ! pres5t /ate ( our k7 divide no f>!r1 we call ^! ultimate fragm5ts ( simple or elem5t>y sub/ance atoms4 ,footnote #a3 ,z to ! possibility ( indef9ite subdivision ( matt]1 see ,sir ,w4 ,?omsons's lecture1 ,nature1 ,june1 #ahhc1 et seq4 ,e sub/ance1 h[ev] f9ely divid$ into molecules1 if x is n a simple sub/ance1 mu/ !re=e h1 inside ! molecul> /ructure1 a fur!r atomic /ructure4 ,& 9 ! case ( unresolvable or elem5t>y sub/ance1 ! molecule & ! atom are n necess>ily ! same4 ,= ?\gh !re is reason to believe t1 ! molecule ( ^! does consi/1 9 "s cases1 ( only "o atom--9 :i* case ! atom & ! molecule are id5tical2 9 o!r cases1 ! molecule is kn[n to consi/ ( m ?an "o atom ( ! same elem5t2 & ! atoms are capable ( be+ diff]5tly arrang$1 & :5 s arrang$ h diff]5t prop]ties or behavi\r1 ?\gh _! nature is n *ang$4 ,?is prop]ty is spok5 ( by *emi/s z allotropism4 ,no *emi/ on e>? c detect ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 con/itution betwe5 a molecule ( ozone & "o oxyg52 b ! two h widely diff]5t prop]ties1 or behave v diff]5tly4 ,!re is ?us a great my/]y ab\t atoms & _! possible diff]5ces "u diff]5t arrangem5t1 :i* is z yet unsolv$4 ,^? :o wi% to get an insight into ! matt] 7:i* _c be pursu$ f>!r "h7 w d well to read ,josiah ,cooke's ,! ,new ,*emi/ry1 9 ! ,int]national ,sci5tific ,s]ies4 ,! m9d is really lo/ 9 try+ to realize ! idea ( a fragm5t ( matt] too small = ! mo/ p[]ful microscope1 b exi/+ 9 fact 7because ( faultless reason+ f absolutely conclusive exp]im5ts71 & yet s con/itut$ t x is practically a diff]5t ?+ :5 plac$ 9 "o position or ord]1 f :at x is :5 plac$ 9 ano!r4 ,turn+ f ?is my/]y1 z yet s obscure1 to :at is m easily grasp$1 we %all h>dly be surpris$ to le>n1 fur!r1 t e k9d (1 atom obeys its own laws1 & t :ile atoms ( "o k9d always h a t5d5cy to comb9e ) atoms ( o!r k9ds1 x is absolutely impossible to get !m to comb9e toge!r except on c]ta9 conditions4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 comb9ation & mixture is well kn[n4 ,%ake s& & sug> 9 a bag = ev] s long1 b !y w only mix1 n comb9e or =m any new sub/ance ev5 ) ! aid ( electric curr5ts2 b place oxyg5 & hydrog5 gas "u prop] conditions1 & ! gases w disappe>1 & wat] 79 weight exactly equal to ! weight ( ! volume ( gases7 w appe> 9 _! place4 ,x is only c]ta9 k9ds ( atoms t w comb9e at all ) o!r k9ds2 & :5 !y d s comb9e1 !y w only unite 9 absolutely fix$ proportions1 s t *emi/s h be5 able to assign to e k9d ( elem5t its own comb9+ proportion4 ,! sub/ances t w comb9e w d s 9 ^! proportions1 or 9 proportions ( any ev5 multiple ( ! numb]1 & 9 no o!r4 ,?us f\rte5 p>ts ( nitrog5 w comb9e ) sixte5 ( oxyg52 & we h sev]al sub/ances 9 nature1 call$ nitr\s oxide1 nitric oxide1 nitric di-oxide1 c41 :i* illu/rate ?is1 9 :i* f\rte5 p>ts ( nitrog5 comb9e ) sixte5 oxyg5 or f\rte5 nitrog5 ) a multiple ( sixte5 oxyg51 or a multiple ( f\rte5 nitrog5 comb9e ) sixte5 oxyg51 & s on4 ,see n[ :]e we h got to4 ,:5 we _h spok5 ( a t9y fragm5t ( primal matt]--a drop ( wat]1 = in/ance--x seem$ z if !re 0 no m to be said2 b no1 we f\nd ourselves able to give a :ole hi/ory ( ! molecules ( :i* ! sub/ance consi/s2 & :5 we _h consid]$ ! molecule1 we f\nd a fur!r beautiful & intricate ord] ( atoms inside ! molecule1 z x 74 ,& !re is no reason to suppose t sci5ce has yet reveal$ all t is possible to be kn[n ab\t atoms & molecules2 s t if fur!r wond]s %\ld be evok$1 ! argum5t w gr[ & gr[ 9 cumulative =ce4 ,let me sum up ! conclusion to be drawn f ^! facts 9 a quotation f a disc\rse ( ,sir ,john ,f4,w4 ,h]s*el4 ,:5 we see1 says t em95t philosoph]1 a great numb] ( ?+s precisely alike1 we d n believe ?is simil>ity to h orig9at$ except f a common pr9ciple indep5d5t ( !m2 & t we recognize ?is lik5ess1 *iefly by ! id5tity ( _! deportm5t "u simil> circum/ances /r5g!ns r ?an weak5s ! conclusion4 ,a l9e ( sp9n+ j5nies1 or a regim5t ( soldi]s dress$ exactly alike & go+ ?r\gh precisely ! same evolutions1 gives u no idea ( indep5d5t exi/5ce3 we mu/ see !m act out ( conc]t be=e we c believe !m to h indep5d5t wills & prop]ties n impress$ on !m f )\t4 ,& ?is conclusion1 :i* w\ld be /rong ev5 if !re 7 only two individuals precisely alike 9 all respects & = ev]1 acquires irresi/ible =ce :5 _! numb] is multipli$ beyond ! p[] ( imag9ation to conceive4 ,if we mi/ake n1 !n1 ! discov]ies allud$ to effectually de/roy ! ideas ( an et]nal self-exi/5t matt] by giv+ to ea* ( its atoms ! ess5tial *>act]s at once ( a manufactur$ article & ( a subord9ate ag5t4 ,9 o!r words1 cont9u+ ! metaphor ( ! tra9$ army1 we see millions ^u millions ( molecules all arrang$ 9 regim5ts1 di/9ct & sep>ate1 & ! regim5ts aga9 made up ( companies or individuals1 ea* obey+ 8 own ord]s 9 subord9ation to1 & 9 h>mony )1 ! :ole3 are we n ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ?is army has n be5 only call$ into be+ by "s cause ext]nal to itself2 b fur!r1 t its con/itution has be5 impress$ ^u x1 & its equipm5ts & organization direct$1 by an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce8 ,!re is1 !n1 no su* ?+ to be f\nd 9 ,nature z a simple1 /ructureless primal matt] :i* exhibits no?+ t5d+ to make self-causation or aborig9al exi/5ce difficult to conceive4 ,to look at matt] 9 t light is n only to take into consid]ation a "p ( ! case2 x is really to take :at does n exi/1 a "p t exi/s only 9 ! imag9ation4 ,! simple/ =m ( matt] we c deal )1 exhibits )9 itself all ! wondr\s plan1 law1 & sequ5ce ( ! molecul> & atomic /ructure we h sket*$ out2 & :5 we consid] t1 hav+ tak5 matt] s f>1 we h ev5 !n only introduc$ x to ! v]ge ( ! univ]se1 u%]$ x on to ! ?re%old ( a great aeon1 :5 & :]e x is to be act$ on by gravitation & o!r =ces1 to act 9 relation to o!r matt]1 & to be end[$ p]haps ) ,,life1 we %all feel t ! self-exi/5ce--! uncaus$ exi/5ce ( matt]1 & ( ! pr9ciples on :i* matt] proce$s or acts1 is 9 reality n a less my/]y ?an ! self-exi/5ce ( a ,design+ & ,intellig5t ,cause1 b "o s great z to be itself un?9kable4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,creation ,,( ,,liv+ ,,matt]4 ,we n[ come to ,liv+ ,matt]2 direct+ att5tion1 fir/1 to t elem5t>y =m ( life z exhibit$ 9 simple protoplasm & 9 ! l[] =ms ( organism1 & !n to ! p]fect =ms ( bird & bea/4 ,9 ea* case1 we %all f9d ! same evid5ce ( ,design & ,intellig5ce1 ! same pro( ( contrivance & purpose1 :i* we _c attribute to ! m]e action ( second>y causes4 ,! simple/ =m 9 :i* ,,life is manife/$ is 9 a viscid gelat9\s sub/ance )\t col\r or =m1 call$ ,protoplasm4 ,:]ev] !re is life !re is protoplasm4 ,protoplasm1 z be=e rem>k$1 lies j "u ! b>k 9 trees1 & is ! mat]ial f :i* ! gr[? ( ! wood & b>k cells & fibres proce$s4 ,protoplasm1 is also pres5t 9 ! muscles & 9 ! blood1 & :]ev] gr[? is go+ on4 ,b protoplasm also exi/s by itself2 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 !re exi/ liv+ creatures1 bo? plant & animal1 :i* are s simple 9 /ructure1 s l[ 9 organization1 t !y consi/ ( no?+ b a speck ( protoplasm4 ,su* a creature is ! microscopic amoeba4 ,sometimes ^! little specks ( protoplasm are surr\nd$ ) beautifully =m$ silici\s %ells--a skeleton ( radiat+ spiculae or cry/al-cle> conc5tric sph]es ( exquisite symmetry & beauty4#a ,! simple/ amoeba h[ev]1 has no def9ite =m2 b ! little mass moves ab\t1 exp&s & contracts1 ?r[s out projections on "o side & draws !m 9 on ! o!r4 ,x exhibits irritability :5 t\*$4 ,x may be se5 surr\nd+ a t9y p>ticle ( food1 extract+ nutrim5t f x & gr[+ 9 size4 ,ultimately ! little body sep>ates or splits up into two1 ea* "p !nce=? tak+ a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,footnote #a3 ,pr(essor ,allman4 ,n[ x is claim$ t su* a little organism conta9s ! pot5tiality ( all life2 t x gr[s & multiplies1 & develops into high] & high] organisms1 into all 79 %ort7 t we see 9 ! plant & animal _w ar\nd u4 ,?is1 x is argu$1 is all done by natural causes1 n by any direction or guidance or int]v5tion ( a ,div9e ag5cy4 ,"h we mu/ /op to ask h[ ?is protoplasm1 or simple/ =m ( organic life1 came to exi/8 ,h[ did x get its life--its prop]ty ( tak+ n\ri%m5t1 ( gr[+ & ( giv+ bir? to o!r creatures l itself8 ,! d5i] ( creation replies1 t j 9 ! same way z1 by ! laws ( aff9ity1 o!r inanimate sub/ances came toge!r to produce ! e>?--salts & o!r comp\nds we see 9 ! _w ar\nd u--s did c]ta9 elem5ts comb9e to =m protoplasm4 ,?is comb9ation :5 p]fect$ has ! prop]ty ( be+ alive1 j z wat] has ! prop]ty ( assum+ a solid =m or has any o!r ( ! qualities :i* we speak ( z its prop]ties4 ,n[ x is p]fectly true t1 treat$ z a sub/ance1 y c take ! gummy protoplasm1 put x into a glass & subject x to analysis l any o!r sub/ance4 ,b simple z ! sub/ance appe>s1 composition is really v complicat$4 ,pr(essor ,allman tells u t s difficult & wond]ful is its *emi/ry1 t 9 fact really v little is kn[n ab\t x4 ,! be/ evid5ce we h1 ,i believe1 makes x tol]ably c]ta9 t protoplasm consi/s ( a comb9ation ( ammonia1 c>bonic acid1 & wat]1 & t e molecule ( x is made up ( #gf atoms1 ( :i* #cf are c>bon1 #bf hydrog51 #d nitrog51 & #aj oxyg54#a ,b no *emi/ has ev] be5 able ei!r to acc\nt !oretically = su* a composition1 /ill less to produce x artificially4 ,x is urg$1 h[ev]1 t x may be only due to our clumsy app>atus & /ill v imp]fect k ( *emi/ry1 t we 7 unable artificially to make up protoplasm4 ,footnote #a3 ,ni*olson 7,zoology1 p4 #d7 gives = ,album51 :i* is ne>ly id5tical ) protoplasm--,c>bon1 #add2 ,hydrog51 #aaj2 ,nitrog51 #ah2 ,oxyg51 #db2 ,sulphur1 #b4 ,^! figures ne>ly equal ^? 9 ! text1 be+ ^? figures multipli$ ea* by #d 7approximately7 & )\t ! trace ( sulphur4 ,& ( c\rse !re is no answ] to a supposition ( ?is sort4 ,nev]!less !re is no sort ( reason to believe t protoplasm w ev] be made2 nor1 if we c\ld succe$ 9 unit+ ! elem5ts into a =m resembl+ protoplasmic jelly1 is !re ! lea/ reason to suppose t su* a composition w\ld exhibit ! irritability1 or ! p[]s ( nutrition & reproduction1 :i* are ess5tially ! *>act]i/ics ( liv+ protoplasm4 ,x is n too mu* to say t1 aft] ! close ( ! controv]sy ab\t spontane\s g5]ation1 x is n[ a univ]sally admitt$ pr9ciple ( sci5ce t life c only proce$ f life--! old omne vivum ex ovo 9 a mod]n =m4#a ,b "h ! same sort ( argum5t t 0 br\ght =w>d reg>d+ ! possibility ( matt] & its laws be+ self-caus$1 comes 9 z reg>ds life4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,critiques & ,addresses1 ,t4,h4 ,huxley1 ,f4,r4,s41 p4 #bci4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t x is really sup]flu\s1 h[ev] int]e/+1 to recall ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,tyndall & o!rs1 :i* f9ally demon/rat$ t :]ev] primal animal =ms1 bact]ia & o!r1 microbes1 7 produc$ 9 infusions ( hay1 turnip1 c41 app>5tly boil$ & /]iliz$ & !n h]metically seal$1 !re 7 really g]ms 9 ! air enclos$ 9 ! vessel1 or g]ms t 9 "o =m or ano!r 7 n de/roy$ by ! boil+ or heat+4 ,dr4 ,ba/ian's argum5t = spontane\s g5]ation is ?us completely ov]?r[n4 7,see ,drummond1 ,natural ,law1 pp4 #fb-fc47 ,! argum5t 9 ! mo/ direct =m 0 made use ( by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 b x is difficult to believe t s p[]ful a ?9k] c\ld s]i\sly hold to a view :i* w n be> exam9ation1 h[ev] neatly & brilliantly x may g (f :5 fir/ laun*$ into ! air4 ,! argum5t is t life c only be reg>d$ z a fur!r prop]ty ( c]ta9 =ms ( matt]4 ,oxyg5 & hydrog51 :5 !y comb9e1 result 9 a new sub/ance1 q unlike ei!r ( !m 9 "*1 & possess+ new & diff]5t prop]ties4 ,! way 9 :i* ! comb9ation is effect$ is a my/]y1 yet we d n acc\nt = ! new & peculi> prop]ties ( wat] 7s diff]5t f ^? ( ! orig9al gases7 z aris+ f a pr9ciple ( aquosity1 :i* we h to invoke f ano!r _w4 ,! answ] is t ! argum5t is f analogy1 & t !re is n really ! remote/ analogy betwe5 ! two cases4 ,x is true t1 z f> z we "k1 electricity is necess>y to =ce a comb9ation ( ! requisite equival5ts ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 into wat]4 ,b ?\gh we d n "k :y ?is is1 or :at electricity is1 we c repeat ! process z (t5 z we w4 ,b m>k ! diff]5ce2 ! wat] once exi/+ is obvi\sly only a new =m ( matt]1 9 ! same category ) ! gases x came f3 x nei!r increases 9 bulk1 nor takes 9 fre% elem5ts to gr[1 & give bir? to new drops ( wat]4 ,b protoplasm has some?+ q diff]5t--= !re may be dead protoplasm & liv+ protoplasm1 bo? id5tical to ! eye & to e *emical te/4 ,9 ei!r condition1 protoplasm1 z su*1 has prop]ties ( ! same nature 7?\gh n ( ! same k9d7 z ^? ( wat]1 oxyg5 gas1 or any o!r matt]2 x is colorless1 heavy1 /icky1 ela/ic1 & s =?2 b besides all t 7)\t ! aid ( electricity or any physical =ce we c apply7 "o has ! p[] ( produc+ m protoplasm--ga!r+ = itself1 by virtue ( its inh]5t p[]1 ! mat]ials = gr[? & reproduction4 ,if directly wat] 0 call$ into exi/5ce x c\ld take 9 n\ri%m5t1 & divide & g on produc+ m wat]--& if "s wat] c\ld d ?is1 :ile o!r wat] 7:i* no available te/ c\ld di/+ui% f x 9 any o!r respect7 c\ld n1 !n we %\ld be p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 giv+ a special "n to ?is p[]1 & call+ x aquosity or vitality or any?+ else1 x be+ out ( all analogy to any?+ else :i* we call a prop]ty ( matt]4 ,9 ! introduction ( ,,life into ! aeon ( organic developm5tal hi/ory1 we h a cle> & di/9ct p]iod1 z we _h :5 matt] came into view1 or :5 ! *ange 0 u%]$ 9 :i* set ! cosmic gas cool+ & liquefy+1 & turn+ to solid 9 v>i\s =m4 ,! fact is t e organic =m1 :e!r plant or animal1 d]iv$ f ! protoplasmic comp\nds ( c>bon-dixoide1 ammonia & wat]1 is1 z ,mr4 ,drummond puts x1#a made ( mat]ials :i* h once be5 inorganic4 ,an organiz+ pr9ciple1 n belong+ to _! k+dom1 lays hold ( !m & elaborates !m4 ,footnote #a3 ,natural ,law1 p4 #bcc4 ,?us by ! introduction ( ,,life we h a va/ly enl>g$ horizon4 ,be=e1 9 ! organic _w1 we _h only ! pr9ciple ( solidify+ or cry/alliz+1 liquefy+1 & turn+ to gas or vap\r1 ev] /opp+ :5 ! /ate 0 atta9$4 ,or if a comb9ation 0 9 progress1 /ill ! result 0 only a re>rangem5t ( ! same bulk ( mat]ials 7h[ev] new ! =m7 9 solid1 liquid1 or gas1 b no increase1 no nutrition1 no reproduction4 ,9 ! organic _w we h some?+ s diff]5t1 t :e!r we talk ( prop]ty or pr9ciple1 ! ?+s are entirely di/9ct4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce1 /at$ z reg>ds ! m]e facts ( irritability or motion1 nutrition & reproduction1 is s gr&ly suffici5t 9 itself1 t "o almo/ regrets to h to add on ! o!r facts :i* fur!r emphasize ! di/9ction betwe5 life & any prop]ty ( matt]4 ,b ^! fur!r facts are highly important z reg>ds ano!r "p ( ! argum5t4 ,= :ile :at has j be5 said almo/ demon/rates ! necessity ( a ,giv] ( ,life f a k+dom outside ! organic1 ! fur!r facts po9t irresi/ibly to ! conclusion t we mu/ pr$icate m ab\t ! ,giv] ( ,life t we c ( an ab/ract & unkn[n ,cause4 ,! orig9al protoplasm1 :5 dead1 is undi/+ui%able by ! eye1 by *emical te/1 or by ! microscope1 f ! same protoplasm :5 liv+2 & liv+ protoplasm1 aga91 may be ei!r animal or vegetable4 ,bo? are 9 e respect 7ext]nally7 absolutely id5tical4 ,yet ! "o w only develop into a plant1 ! o!r only into an animal4 ,nor does x dim9i% ! significance ( ! fact to say t ! diff]5tiation is n[ fix$ by h]$ity4 ,if we suppose protoplasm to be only a =tuit\s comb9ation ( elem5ts1 :at second>y or common natural cause w acc\nt = its acquisition ( ! fix$ diff]5ce8 ,x is true t "s =ms ( plants exhibit "s functions t closely approa* ! functions ( :at we call animal life2 b1 z we %all see pres5tly1 !re is no evid5ce :atev] t !re is any bridge betwe5 ! two--we h no pro( t a plant ev] develops into an animal4 ,"h is "o ( ! gaps :i* ! !ory ( ,evolution1 true z x is to a c]ta9 ext5t1 _c bridge ov]2 & we mu/ n ov]look ! fact4 ,we %all rev]t to x h]eaft]4 ,c x be believ$1 !n1 t protoplasm1 z ! orig9 ( life1 is self-caus$1 & self-develop$8 ,& ?is is n all4 ,i mu/ briefly rem9d my read]s t ! way 9 :i* animal protoplasm deals ) ! elem5ts ( nutrition is q opposite to t :i* plant protoplasm foll[s4 ,i might1 inde$1 h m5tion$ ?is at an e>li] /age1 :5 ,i m5tion$ ,pr(essor ,huxley's comp>ison ( ! *emical action 9 ! =mation ( wat] ) :at he assum$ to be ! case 9 ! =mation ( protoplasm4 ,:5 wat] is =m$1 ! two gases disappe>1 & an exactly equal weight ( wat] appe>s 9 _! place2 b if liv+ protoplasm is enabl$ to imbibe liquid or o!r nutrim5t conta9+ ammonia1 wat]1 & c>bonic acid1 !re is no disappe>ance ( ! ?ree elem5ts & an equival5t weight ( liv+ protoplasm appe>+ 9 its place4 ,protoplasm consumes ! oxyg5 & sets free ! c>bonic acid4 ,bo? k9ds ( protoplasm d ?is1 until expos$ to ! light2 & !n a diff]5ce is obs]v$2 = "u ! influ5ce ( light1 animal protoplasm alone cont9ues to act 9 ?is way1 & vegetable protoplasm beg9s at once to develop little gre5 bodies or corpuscles 9 its cells1 & aft]w>ds acts 9 a totally opposite way1 tak+ ! c>bon into its sub/ance & giv+ (f ! oxyg54#a ,footnote #a3 ,c]ta9 fungi seem to af=d an exception to ?is4 ,! above is1 ,i believe1 true z a !oretical action ( plants & animals 9 protoplasmic =m4 ,b practically1 9 all high] developm5ts ( ei!r k9d1 o!r di/9ctions come into play2 e4g41 t plants c make use ( inorganic matt]1 gases1 & wat]1 & elaborate !m into organic matt]4 ,animals _c d ?is1 !y require m or less solid food--always requir+ complex organic bodies :i* !y ultimately r$uce to mu* simpl] inorganic bodies4 ,!y are ?us m$iately or imm$iately dep5d5t on plants = _! subsi/5ce 7,ni*olson1 ,zoology1 #f? ed4 p4 #ag74 ,x is p]haps ) ref]5ce to ?is t 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis ! ,creator is repres5t$ z giv+ plant life to ! s]vice ( man & animals--:ile no?+ is said ( ! prey+ ( ,c>nivora & ,insectivora on animal life4 ,n only !n has ea* k9d ( protoplasm its own my/]i\s "* impress$ on x1 & is compell$ to act 9 a c]ta9 way2 b /ill fur!r1 ea* p>ticle ( animal & vegetable protoplasm1 :5 direct$ into its g5]al c\rse ( developm5t z plant or animal1 w aga9 only obey a c]ta9 c\rse ( developm5t 9 its own l9e4 ,b we mu/ proce$ a /ep fur!r2 = ^? :o w\ld believe 9 ! suffici5cy ( unaid$ ,evolution1 bid u be> 9 m9d h[ v elem5t>y ! dawn ( in/9ct or ! beg9n+ ( reason is 9 ! l[e/ =ms :i* are class$ z animal1 & h[ v small is ! gap#a betwe5 "s highly organiz$ plants & "s animal =ms1 & argue !re=e t !y may ju/ly reg>d ! di/9ction z ( m9or importance1 & hope t ! miss+ l9k w be yet discov]$ & prov$4 ,at any rate1 !y m9imize ! diff]5ce1 & urge t x is ( no acc\nt if at lea/ !y c e/abli% ! suffici5cy ( a prov$ developm5t ext5d+ unbrok5 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ animal =m4 ,& hav+ fix$ att5tion on ?is side1 no d\bt !re is a long /ret* ( smoo? wat] ov] :i* ! passage is un*eck$4 ,footnote #a3 ,at ! risk ( repetition ,i w rem9d ! read] t nature conta9s no?+ l a progressive scale f plant to animal4 ,x is nev] t ! highe/ plant c be connect$ ) ! l[e/ animal z 9 "o s]ies ( l9ks4 ,! animal k+dom & ! plant k+dom are absolutely ap>t4 ,bo? />t f simil> elem5t>y prote9ace\s /ructures2 & bo? pres]ve _! developm5t upw>ds--ea* exhibit+ "s ( ! features ( ! o!r4 ,x is at ! bottom ( ea* scale t resemblance is to be f\nd1 n betwe5 ! top ( "o & ! l[e/ memb]s ( ! o!r4 ,! ,evolution !ory is t all ! diff]5t species ( animals1 birds1 & o!r =ms ( life h be5 caus$ by ! accumulation & p]petuation ( num]\s small *anges :i* began 9 "o or at mo/ a few elem5t>y =ms1 & w5t on till all ! ?\s&s ( species we n[ "k ( 7 develop$4#a ,x is a fact t all organic =ms h a c]ta9 t5d5cy to v>y4 ,i ne$ only allude to ! _m v>ieties ( pigeons1 horses1 cattle1 & dogs :i* are produc$ by v>y+ ! food1 ! circum/ances ( life & s =?1 & by selective bre$+4 ,! cont5tion !n is3 giv5 c]ta9 orig9al simple =ms ( life1 probably m>9e or aquatic--= x is 9 ! wat] t ! mo/ likely occur--^! w gradually *ange & v>y1 "s 9 "o direction1 "s 9 ano!r2 t ! *anges g on increas+1 ea* creature giv+ bir? to (fspr+ :i* exhibits ! /or$-up results ( *ange1 till ! v>i$ & f9i%$ =ms--"s reptile1 "s bird1 "s animal--:i* we n[ see ar\nd u1 h be5 produc$4 ,& at la/ man himself 0 develop$ 9 ! same way4 ,all ?is1 obs]ve1 is by ! action ( j su* ord9>y & natural causes z we n[ see op]at+ ar\nd u--*anges 9 food & 9 climate1 *anges 9 "o "p requir+ a correspond+ *ange 9 o!rs1 & s on4 ,footnote #a3 ,! read] may f9d ?is admirably put 9 ,wallace1 ,contributions to ! ,!ory ( ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cjb4 ,nature conta9s no %>ply drawn l9es4 ,plants are diff]5t f animals2 b !re are animals s l[ d[n 9 ! scale ( life t x is difficult to di/+ui% !m f plants4 ,pigeons are di/9ct f pheasants1 b ! l9e at :i* ! "o species ends & ! o!r beg9s is difficult to draw4 ,?is fact seems to invite "s !ory ( "o =m *ang+ into o!r4 ,accord+ly ! evolutioni/ expla9s ! work+ ( ! process :i* he ass]ts to be suffici5t to produce all ! v>i\s =ms ( life 9 our globe4 ,aft] /at+ ?is m 9 detail ?an we h previ\sly done1 we %all be 9 a bett] position to judge if ! process 7:i* 9 ! ma9 we h no desire to d5y or ev5 to "q7 c disp5se ) guidance & ! fix+ ( c]ta9 l9es & limits )9 :i*1 & ( c]ta9 types t[>ds :i*1 ! developm5t proce$s4 ,t is our po9t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to illu/rate ! enorm\s de/ruction ( life :i* goes on 9 ! _w4 ,ev5 among ! human race1 ! p]c5tage ( infants t die 9 ! fir/ mon?s ( _! life is v l>ge4 ,b 9 ! l[] =ms ( life x is truly enorm\s4 ,only consid] ! myriads ( insects t p]i% f hung] or accid5t1 & f ! prey+ ( "o species on ano!r4 ,if x 7 n s1 ! _w w\ld be ov]run by plagues ( mice1 ( birds1 ( insects ( all k9ds1 & inde$ by creatures ( e grade4 ,! t]m /ruggle = exi/5ce is1 !n1 n an inapt "o4 ,all =ms ( liv+ creatures h to cont5d ) enemies :i* seek to prey ^u or to de/roy !m1 ) ! difficulty ( obta9+ food1 & ) :at ,i may call ! *ances ( nature--cold1 /orms1 floods1 disease1 & s =?4 ,n[1 x is obvi\s t if "s creatures ( a giv5 k9d possess "s accid5tal peculi>ity or modification 9 _! =mation :i* gives !m 79 "o way or ano!r7 an advantage ov] _! fell[s1 ^! improv$ specim5s are likely to survive1 &1 surviv+1 to h (fspr+4 ,x is ?is p]petuation ( advantage\s *anges1 orig9ally induc$ by ! circum/ances ( environm5t1 t is indicat$ by ! t]m natural selection4 ,nature *ooses out ! =m be/ suit$ to ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd x1 & ?is =m lives :ile ! o!rs die out4 ,& ?is =m goes on improv+ by sl[ successive *anges1 :i* make x m & m fit = ! cont9ually *ang+ circum/ances ( its life4 ,subord9ate also to ?is natural selection is ! pr9ciple t bright col\r & o!r special qualities may be develop$ 9 ! males ( a race1 because individuals ) su* advantages are m attractive1 & !re=e m easily f9d mates1 ?an dull-col\r$ or o!rwise less attractive individuals4 ,( ea* ( ^! pr9ciples ,i may give a simple example4 ,suppos+ a species ( bird ) a s(t sl5d] beak to be plac$ on an isl&1 :]e ! only food !y c\ld obta9 0 fruit enclos$ 9 a h>d or t\gh %ell or cov]+4 ,suppos+ "s birds accid5tally possess$ ( a beak t 0 %ort] & /\t] ?an ! o!rs'1 ^! w\ld be able to break op5 ! %ell & get at ! fruit1 :ile ! o!rs w\ld />ve4 ,"s ( ! desc5dants ( ! birds ) ! /\t beaks w\ld inh]it ! same peculi>ity1 & 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al g5]ations !re w\ld ?us arise a species ) %ort & /rong1 p]haps curv$1 beaks j fitt$ to live on fruits ( ! k9d describ$4 ,9 a simil> way ! webb$ feet ( birds t swim 7 develop$ by _! aquatic habits4 ,& s ) ! long sl5d] toes ( ! wad]s1 :i* are s well fitt$ = walk+ ov] float+ aquatic plants4 ,( ! o!r pr9ciple1 sexual selection1 a famili> example is ! bright & %[y col\r+ ( ! male birds ( _m species3 ! females ( _! species1 z !y ne$ protection :ile helplessly sitt+ on _! eggs1 are dull-col\r$ l ! b>k ( trees or ! s&1 among :i* _! ne/s lie hid4 ,"s ( ! ,himalayan pheasants exhibit ?is peculi>ity to a m>k$ degree4 ,orig9ally1 x is said1 ! male bird1 :i* 0 m brightly col\r$ ?an ! re/1 got mat$ m easily by ! pref]5ce %[n to him = 8 bright col\r4 ,! "q is1 c we suppose all ?is to g on1 by self-caus$ laws & concurr5ce ( circum/ances1 )\t a pre-exi/+ design = ! =ms to rea* or an ext]nal guidance 9 ! processes8 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,m>ks ,,( ,,creative ,,intellig5ce ,,9 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,organic ,,=ms4 ,! head+ ( ?is *apt] does n m>k a new dep>ture1 = we h be5 trac+ exi/+ =ms ( matt] f ! fir/1 & h already se5 ! necessity ( believ+ 9 ,creative ,intellig5ce & ,guidance4 ,we h se5 t inorganic matt]1 ) :at we call its molecul> or atomic /ructure1 _c be reasonably reg>d$ z self-caus$2 & we h conclud$ ) ,sir ,j4,f4,w4 ,h]s*ell t ! sight ( su* a well-arrang$ army1 p]=m+ its evolutions 9 a regul> & uni=m mann]1 irresi/ibly sugge/s a great ,comm&] & ,design]4 ,we h fur!r f\nd t ! adv5t ( ,,life dem&s a ,p[] ab extra4 ,we h call$ att5tion to ! gap1 betwe5 plant & animal1 :i* is ignor$ or made light (1 *iefly on acc\nt ( ! close approa* ( ! two k+doms4 ,b !re is "o broad di/9ction1 namely1 t ( elem5t>y reason & no reason1 or ( consci\sness & unconsci\sness1 :i* is1 9 itself1 a suffici5t difficulty to pull u up %ortly4 ,we h n yet fully consid]$ ?is matt]1 because x w come m appropriately at a lat] /age1 & 9 ! =tiori =m4 ,b we h ju/ly not$ x "h4 ,we _c acc\nt = ! mo/ elem5t>y reason by any physical *ange2 !re is no analogy betwe5 ! two4 ,! connection ( m9d & matt] is unexpla9able2 & no !ory ( developm5t ( physical =m c say :y1 at any giv5 /age1 physical developm5t beg9s to be accompani$ by bra9-p[] & consci\sness4 ,admit c&idly t ! addition ( intellig5ce at a c]ta9 /age1 h[ev] my/]i\sly int]wov5 ) /ructural accompanim5ts1 is a gift ab extra1 & we h at lea/ a reasonable & s f> satisfactory explanation4 ,b :5 we h got an animal =m1 h[ev] simple & elem5t>y1 ) at lea/ a recognizable pot5tiality ( intellig5ce1 we ent]1 z ,i said1 a long /ret* ( app>5tly smoo? wat]1 ov] :i*1 = an important "p ( our passage1 we seem able to glide )\t any difficulty f ! necess>y int]v5tion ( ! s-call$ sup]natural4 ,i h1 !n1 to %[ t ev5 "h !re is really no possibility ( disp5s+ ) a ,creator :o has a purpose1 a design$ s*eme1 & a s]ies ( type-=ms to be compli$ )4 ,9 ord] to fully exhau/ ! "q h[ f> natural selection is capable ( acc\nt+ = ev]y?+1 x w\ld be necess>y to take a v wide view ( natural hi/ory & botany1 :i* x is q impossible = u to attempt4 ,b ?is is n necess>y = our purpose4 ,we are p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 select+ c]ta9 topics :i* mu/ arise 9 ! discussion4 ,if1 9 /udy+ ^! po9ts1 we f9d t !re at lea/ ! int]v5tion ( a ,controll+ ,p[] becomes necess>y1 & ! abs5ce ( x leaves ?+s )\t any reasonable explanation1 !n we %all h good & logical gr\nd = hold+ to our fai? 9 ! univ]sal pres5ce ( su* a ,p[]4 ,no *a9 is /rong] ?an its weake/ l9k4 ,if second>y causes _c succe$ at any "o "p ( ! *a91 x is obvi\s t !y fail z a univ]sal explanation4 ,?is "p ( ! "w has already be5 done f> bett] ?an ,i c\ld d x4 ,9 ! fir/ eight *apt]s ( ,miv>t's ,g5esis ( ,species #a ! argum5t has be5 ably & cle>ly put1 & :atev] answ] is possible has be5 giv5 by ,d>w9 & o!rs2 s t ! _w may judge4 ,all t c "h be usefully attempt$1 is1 by way ( rem9d]1 to reproduce "s ma9 topics on :i* no real answ] has be5 giv54 ,^! are select$1 p>tly because !y are less ab/ruse & difficult to foll[ ?an "s :i* might be dealt )1 p>tly because !y are calculat$ to awak5 our int]e/1 & p>tly because ! conclusion 9 fav\r ( a cont9ual ,provid5ce2 work+ ?r\gh organiz$ law & sy/em1 appe>s to foll[ mo/ cle>ly f !m4 ,footnote #a3 ,second ,edition1 #ahga4 ,! po9ts ,i w\ld call att5tion to are ! foll[+3-- 7,i7 ,t z natural selection w only ma9ta9 *anges t h be5 b5eficial to ! creature1 x is contr>y to su* a law1 if act+ entirely by itself1 t t !re %\ld be developm5ts 7n be+ m]e accid5tal de=mities1 c47 disadvantage\s to ! creature4 ,& yet ! _w is full ( su*4 7#b7 ,t !re are =ms :i* _c be acc\nt$ = on ! evolutioni/ supposition1 t !y 7 gradually obta9$ by a s]ies ( small *anges sl[ly progress+ t[>ds a p]fect /ructure4 ,!y w\ld be ( no use at all unless produc$ at once & complete4 7#c7 ,t natural selection1 z ap>t f a ,div9e ,design]1 altoge!r fails to acc\nt = beauty1 z di/+ui%$ f m]e brilliancy or conspicu\sness1 9 nature4 ,:]eas1 if we suppose ! exi/5ce ( a b5efic5t ,creator1 :o has moral objects 9 view1 & c>es = ! delight & ! improvem5t ( ,8 creatures1#a & look+ to ! kn[n effects on ! m9d ( beauty 9 art & 9 nature1 ! exi/5ce is at once & beyond all cavil expla9$4 ,footnote #a3 ,he ha? made ev]y?+ beautiful 9 8 "t 7,eccles4 iii4 ,,ii74 7#d7 ,t we h positive evid5ce aga9/ uncontroll$ evolution 7uncontroll$ by set plan & design i4e47 & a /rong presumption 9 fav\r ( ! exi/5ce ( creat$ types2 s t evolution proce$s t[>ds ^! types by aid ( natural laws & =ces work+ toge!r 79 a way t our limit$ faculties necess>ily fail to grasp adequately72#a & s t1 ! type once rea*$1 a c]ta9 degree ( v>iation1 b nev] transgression ( ! type1 is possible4 ,fur!r1 t on ?is supposition we are able to acc\nt = "s ( ! unexpla9$ facts 9 evolution>y hi/ory1 su* z rev]sion & ! /]ility ( hybrids2 & to see :y !re are gaps :i* _c be bridg$ ov]1 & :i* by extreme !ori/s are only feebly acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t z discov]y progresses !y w be bridg$ ov] "s day4 ,footnote #a3 ,also ,he ha? set ! _w 9 _! he>t1 s t no man c f9d out ! "w t ,god make? f ! beg9n+ to ! end 7,eccles4 iii ,,ii74 7#e7 ,la/ly1 t !re is no possibility ( giv+ "t en\gh on any possible !ory ( ! _w's exi/5ce1 = ! evolution ( all species1 unless "s reasonable !ory ( creative arrangem5t & design be admitt$4 ,! great objection--! desc5t ( man & ! introduction ( reason1 consci\sness1 & s =?1 into ! _w1 w !n =m two sep>ate *apt]s1 conclud+ ! fir/ division ( my subject4 ,!re is "o po9t :i* ! read] may be surpris$ to see omitt$4 ,x is1 t if ^! sl[ *anges 7 always go+ on1 :y is n ! pres5t _w full (1 & ! fossil-be>+ rocks also ab\nd+ 91 int]m$iate =ms1 creatures :i* are on _! way to be+ some?+ else8 ,b !re are reasons to be giv5 on ?is gr\nd :i* make ! subject a less def9ite "o = treatm5t4 ,x is said1 = example1 t 9 ! fossil rocks we h only su* scanty & fragm5t>y records1 t x is n possible to draw a complete inf]5ce1 & t !re is always ! possibility ( fre% discov]ies be+ made4 ,su* discov]ies h1 x is ass]t$1 already be5 made 9 ! mioc5e & aga9 9 lat] rocks2 diff]5t species ( an e>ly =m ( horse :i* are 7& ?is we may admit7 ! ance/ral or int]m$iate =ms ( our own horse1 h be5 f\nd4 ,i !re=e w\ld n press ! difficulty1 great z x is1 because ( ! escape :i* ! hope ( future discov]y always af=ds4 ,i w take ?is opportunity to repeat t 9 ?is *apt] ,i say no?+ ab\t ! difficulty :i* arises f ! introduction ( elem5t>y reason or in/9ct1 & ( consci\sness1 into ! scale ( organic be+2 t w m appropriately fall 9 ) ! consid]ation ( ! developm5t ( man1 :]e naturally ! difficulty occurs ) its greate/ =ce4 7#a7 ,i come at once to ! great difficulty t1 if all exi/+ =ms are due to ! occurr5ce ( *anges t help$ ! creature 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 h[ is x possible n[ to acc\nt = =ms :i* are n advantage\s8 yet su* =ms are num]\s4 ,( ?is objection1 ! exi/5ce ( imp]fect or neut] bees & ants is an in/ance4 ,! modification 9 =m :i* ^! creatures exhibit is ( no advantage to !m4 ,x is a great advantage1 no d\bt1 to ! o!r bees2 b !n ?is introduces a view ( "s p[] mak+ "o ?+ = ! b5efit ( ano!r1 n a *ange 9 ! =m itself adapt$ ( c\rse to its own advantage--s9ce natural laws1 =ces1 & conditions ( environm5t c\ld n conceivably design ! advantage ( ano!r =m1 & cause "o to *ange = ! b5efit ( t o!r4 ,:y is x1 aga91 t crabs & crayfi% c only gr[ by ca/+ (f _! %ells1 dur+ :i* process !y (t5 die1 z well z rema9 expos$ def5celess to ! attacks ( enemies8 ,:y %\ld /ags %$ _! horns also1 leav+ !m def5celess = a "t8 ,o!r animals d n d s1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ! horn :i* requires x4 ,?is brief allusion is "h suffici5t4 ,mr4 ,miv>t's "w gives x at l>ge4 7#b7 ,pass+ next to ! "q ( ! advantage ( incomplete /ages--portions ( a me*anism only useful :5 complete1 ! mo/ /rik+ examples may be f\nd 9 ! ,vegetable k+dom4 ,! f]tilization ( fl[]+ plants is effect$ by ! poll51 a yell[ du/ =m$ 9 ! an!rs1 :i* is c>ri$ f fl[] to fl[]4 ,9 ! p9es & oaks1 ?is is done by ! w9d4 ,b 9 o!r cases insects visit a fl[] to get ! honey1 & 9 s do+ get cov]$ ) poll51 :i* !y c>ry away & leave 9 ! next fl[] visit$4 ,n[ "o ( our commone/ & mo/ useful plants1 ! r$ clov]1 is s con/ruct$ t x c only be f]tiliz$ by humble bees4 ,if ?is bee became ext9ct1 ! plant w\ld die out2 h[ c su* a developm5t be advantage\s to x8 ,b ! contrivances by :i* ?is process ( f]tilization is secur$ are s m>vell\s1 t ,i confess ,i am completely /agg]$ by ! idea t ^! contrivances h be5 caus$ by ! self-gr[? & adaptation ( ! plant )\t guidance4 ,!re is a plant call$ ,salvia glut9osa#a--;easily recogniz$ by its /icky calyx & pale yell[ fl[]s4 ,! an!rs t be> ! poll5 are hidd5 f> back 9 ! hood ( ! fl[]1 s t ! poll5 c nei!r fall nor c ! w9d c>ry x away2 b ! two an!rs are support$ on a sort ( spr+1 & directly a bee goes to ! fl[] & pu%es 9 8 head to get ! honey1 ! spr+ is depress$ & bo? an!rs />t =w>d1 ( c\rse deposit+ _! poll5 on ! hairy back ( ! bee1 :i* c>ries x to ! /igma ( ! next fl[]4 ,?is process c be te/$ )\t wait+ = a bee1 by pu%+ a bit ( /ick into ! fl[]1 :5 ! curi\s action describ$ w be obs]v$4 ,x is v easy to say t ?is admirable me*anical contrivance is ( great use to ! plant 9 its complete =m2 b try & imag9e :at use an int]m$iate =m w\ld h be56 ,if developm5t at once proce$$ to ! complete =m1 surely ?is m>ks design2 if n1 no p>tial /ep t[>ds x w\ld h be5 ( any use1 & !re=e w\ld n h be5 inh]it$ & p]petuat$ s z to prep>e = fur!r completion4 ,b _m o!r plants h a /ructure s m>vell\s t ?is objection is cont9ually applicable4 ,let me only recall "o o!r case1 t ( ! or*id1 call$ ,coryan!s macran?a4 ,9 ?is fl[] !re are two little horns1 :i* secrete a pure wat]1 or r wat] mix$ ) honey4 ,! l[] "p ( ! fl[] consi/s ( a long lip1 ! end ( :i* is b5t into ! =m ( a bucket hang+ bel[ ! horns4 ,?is bucket cat*es ! nect> z x drops1 & is furni%$ ) a sp\t ov] :i* ! liquid trickles :5 x is too full4 ,b ! m\? ( ! bucket is gu>d$ by a curi\sly ridg$ cov] ) two op5+s1 "o on ea* side4 ,! mo/ +5i\s man1 says ,mr4 ,d>w91 w\ld nev] by himself make out :at ?is elaborate arrangem5t 0 int5d$ =4 ,x 0 at la/ discov]$4 ,l>ge humble bees 7 se5 visit+ ! fl[]2 by way ( gett+ at ! honey1 !y set to "w to gnaw (f ! ridges ( ! lid above allud$ to2 9 do+ ?is !y pu%$ "o ano!r into ! bucket1 & _h to crawl out by ! sp\t4 ,z !y pass$ out by ?is n>r[ ap]ture1 !y _h to rub aga9/ ! an!rs & s c>ri$ (f ! poll54 ,:5 a bee s *>g$ gets into ano!r bucket1 or into ! same bucket a second "t1 & has to crawl out1 he bru%es aga9/ ! /igma1 & leaves ! poll5 on x4 ,i might well h adduc$ ?is plant z ano!r in/ance ( ! fir/ objection1 s9ce x may well be ask$1 ,h[ c\ld su* a developm5t1 result+ 9 a /ructure :i* pres5ts ! greate/ difficulty 9 ! way ( f]tilization1 be b5eficial to ! plant8 ,b "h ! po9t is t1 ev5 if any "o c\ld ass]t ! utility ( su* an elaborate & complicat$ developm5t1 & suppose x self-caus$ by accid5t or effect ( environm5t1 x c]ta9ly goes aga9/ ! idea t all =ms are due to an accumulation ( small *anges4 ,= ^! curi\s contrivances 9 ! case ( ,salvia1 ,coryan!s1 & o!r plants1 w\ld 9 any case h be5 no use to ! plant till ! :ole ma*9]y 0 complete4 ,n[1 on ! !ory ( sl[ *anges gradually accumulat+ till ! complete result 0 atta9$1 !re mu/ h be5 g5]ation aft] g5]ation ( plants1 9 :i* ! ma*9]y 0 z yet imp]fect & only p>tly built up4 ,b 9 su* incomplete /ages1 f]tilization w\ld h be5 impossible1 & !re=e ! plant mu/ h di$ out4 ,j ! same ) ! curi\s fly-trap 9 ,dionoea4 ,:atev] may be its b5efit to ! plant1 till ! :ole app>atus z x n[ is1 0 complete1 x w\ld h be5 ( no use4 ,9 ! animal k+dom also1 in/ances might be giv53 ! giraffe has a long neck :i* is an advantage 9 gett+ food t o!r animals _c rea*2 b :at w\ld h be5 ! use ( a neck :i* 0 becom+--& _h n yet become--long8 "h int]m$iate /ages w\ld n h be5 useful1 & !re=e c\ld n h be5 pres]v$4#b ,9 flat fi%es x is curi\s t1 ?\gh !y are born ) eyes on diff]5t sides ( ! head1 ! l[] eye gradually gr[s r\nd to ! upp]-side4 ,z rem>k$ by ,mr4 ,miv>t1 natural selection c\ld n h produc$ ?is *ange1 s9ce ! fir/ /eps t[>ds x c\ld h be5 ( no possible use1 & c\ld n !re=e h occurr$1 at lea/ n )\t direction & guidance f )\t4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's explanation ( ! case does n t\* ?is difficulty4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is species 0 in/anc$ because ! lectures :i* =m ! basis ( ! book 7 orig9ally deliv]$ at ,simla1 9 ! ,n4,w4 ,himalaya1 :]e1 at c]ta9 seasons1 ! plant is a common wayside we$4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 notices a simil> &1 if possible1 m curi\s /ructure 9 a species ( ,catasetum4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ?is fully expla9$ by ,miv>t1 ,g5esis ( ,species1 pp4 #bi1 #cj 7#bnd edition74 7#c7 ,! ?ird po9t1 ! occurr5ce ( s mu* beauty 9 organic life1 is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ conclusive argum5ts = design 9 nature4 ,"h1 if possible1 m cle>ly ?an else:]e1 ,i see a total failure ( natural causes4 ,we are told t ! beauty ( birds 7= in/ance7 is easily acc\nt$ = by ! fact1 t ! ornam5t$ & beautiful males are pref]r$ by ! o!r sex2 & t ?is is an advantage1 s ! beauty has be5 p]petuat$2 & ! same ) butt]flies & beetles4 ,we are told also t bright-col\r$ fruits attract birds1 :o eat ! s(t p>ts ( ! fruit & swall[ ! h>d /one or se$ :i* is ?us prep>$ = g]m9ation1 & c>ri$ ab\t & disp]s$ ov] ! e>?'s surface4 ,aga91 %[y col\r$ fl[]s attract insects1 :i* c>ry away poll5 & f]tilize o!r fl[]s4 ,all ?is is p]fectly true2 b x entirely fails to g f> en\gh to meet ! difficulty4 ,n[ pass+ ov] su* difficulties z ! fact t bright col\rs 9 fl[]s d n attract insects 9 _m cases1 b mu* m inconspicu\s fl[]s if !y h a sc5t 7mignonette1 = example7 d2 pass+ ov] su* a fact z t af=d$ by ! violet1 :i* 7z "s may n be aw>e7 has two k9ds ( fl[]1 "o sc5t$ & ( a beautiful col\r1 ! o!r gre5 & inconspicu\s1 & x is ! latt]1 n ! =m] :i* is usually f]tile2--pass+ ov] all detail$ difficulties ( ?is k9d1 ,i allude only to ! "o great "o1 t 9 all ^! cases1 besides m]e bright col\r1 conspicu\sness or %[9ess1 !re is a great & wond]ful beauty ( patt]n1 design1 or col\r arrangem5t1 9 nature4 ,n[ !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce to %[ t any animal has1 to ! smalle/ ext5t1 a s5se ( beauty4 ,on ! contr>y x is mo/ improbable4 ,! s5se ( arti/ic beauty is n only peculi> to man1 b only exi/s 9 him :5 civiliz$ & cultivat$4 ,un$ucat$ p among ourselves h no s5se ( l&scape & o!r beauty4 ,h[ !n c x exi/ 9 animals8 ,if !re 0 no?+ to expla9 b a uni=m bright & %[y col\r1 natural selection might be suffici5t to acc\nt = x4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t ?is is n ! case8 ,we h n only col\r1 b col\r div]sifi$ 9 ! mo/ elaborate & *>m+ mann]4 ,look at ! exquisite patt]ns on a butt]fly's w+6 look at ! v>i\s delicate arrangem5ts ( col\r & patt]n 9 fl[]s2 or look aga9 at ! arrangem5t ( col\r on a humm+-bird--sometimes ! tail1 sometimes ! brea/ is ornam5t$1 sometimes a spl5did cre/ cov]s ! head1 sometimes a jewell$ gorget or ruff surr\nds ! ?roat2 & ^! are n uni=mly col\r$1 b exhibit metallic & o!r *anges ( lu/re n to be imitat$ by ! highe/ art4 ,b to fully realize ?is1 ,i _h be/ ref] to a m famili> in/ance4 ,let any "o exam9e--z an object v easily procurable 9 ^! days--a peacock's fea!r4 ,no d\bt ! :ole tail :5 exp&$ is v brilliant2 b look closely at ! /ructure ( a s+le fea!r2 is all ?is arrangem5t ne$$ only to make ! tail bright or conspicu\s8 ,obs]ve h[ wond]fully ! out] p>ts are v>i$2 "p has a metallic lu/re ( copp]1 "p has ?is also %ot ) gre53 !n !re is a delicate r+ ( violet ) a d\ble yell[i% bord]1 all q di/9ct f ! inmo/ gorge\s eye ( gre51 blue1 & black1 & all arrang$ on ! same fea!r6 ,take1 aga91 ! s-call$ diamond beetle ( ,brazil2 "h ! w+ case is black /udd$ all ov] ) little pits or specks1 :i* z a :ole only give x a p[d]y pale-gre5 col\r2 b place x 9 ! sunlight & look at x ) a magnify+ glass--ea* little speck is se5 to be furni%$ ) a set ( m9ute metallic scales %[+ gre5 & r$ fla%es l s _m diamonds4 ,h[ does su* a delicate ornam5t answ] ! dem&s ( m]e conspicu\sness8 ,b !re is a /rong] case ?an ?is4 ,i be=e allud$ to ! exquisite symmetry ( ! silici\s & cry/all9e cov]+s ( "s ( ! simple/ =ms ( m>9e animalcules2 & also ,i may "h add ! beautiful col\r+ ( %ells sometimes on ! inside4#a ,9 :at possible way w\ld ?is beauty s]ve = any purely useful purpose8 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,miv>t1 p4 #fa4 ,la/ly1 h[ are we to acc\nt = ! beauty ( autumnal t9ts 9 woods1 or col\r$ leaves 9 plants su* z ! ,caladium8 ,! beauty is ( no conceivable use to ! plant4 ,9 ,canada ! col\rs ( ! autumn =e/ are notori\s4 ,ev5 on cl\dy days ! hue ( ! foliage is ( s int5se a yell[ t ! light ?r[n f ! trees creates ! impression ( bright sun%9e1 ea* leaf pres5ts a po9t ( sp>kl+ gold4 ,b ! col\rs ( ! leafy l&scape *ange & int]m+le f day to day1 until p9k1 lilac1 v]milion1 purple1 deep indigo & br[n1 pres5t a comb9ation ( beauty t mu/ be se5 to be realiz$2 = no arti/ has yet be5 able to repres5t1 nor c ! imag9ation picture to itself1 ! gorge\s spectacle4#a ,h we n "h an exhibition :i* _c be acc\nt$ = on any pr9ciple ( natural utility8 ,footnote #a3 ,qu>t]ly ,review1 #ahfa1 p4 #bj4 7#d7 ,! f\r? po9t1 z previ\sly /at$1 w be be/ treat$ by /at+ be=eh& :at is ! conclusion come to1 & !n ju/ify+ x4 ,my sugge/ion is t if we suppose a cont9u\s evolution )\t a s]ies ( designs prescrib$ be=e life began to develop1 & )\t any ext]nal guidance1 !n we are lo/ 9 difficulties4 ,we _c acc\nt = :y v>iation %\ld set 9 9 ! v diff]5t ways x does1 nor :y su* a va/ v>iety ( div]g5t results %\ld be produc$4 ,we _c acc\nt = ! t5d5cy to rev]sion to a previ\s type1 :5 artificial or accid5tal v>iation is n cont9ually ma9ta9$1#a nor = ! /]ility ( hybrids2 nor1 above all1 = evolution p]=m+ su* freaks 7if ,i may s say7 z ! orig9ation ( our small f9*es & ! tropical humm+-birds f e>li] v]tebrates ?r\gh ! ,mesozoic reptiles1 ! pt]odactyles1 ,odontorni!s & subsequ5t =ms4 ,suppos+ t ! ,almighty ,design] creat$ a complete cosmos ( 7#a7 ! />ry heav5s & ! planet>y sy/em1 7#b7 !n a s*eme :]eby e>? & wat] 7 to be duly di/ribut$ ov] our planet2 7#c7 e/abli%$ ! relations by :i* ! ext]nal heav5ly bodies 7 to regulate our seasons1 tides1 & times 7z we "k !y d74 7#d7 ,suppose1 fur!r1 t ! ,design] did n make out ( no?+ ! s]ies ( f9ally develop$ animals z we n[ h !m1 b made ! animals make !mselves--t is to say1 creat$ ! type1 ! ideal =m1 & adapt$ ! laws & =ces :i* con/itute environm5t1 s t developm5t ( =m %\ld g on regul>ly t[>ds ! appo9t$ end1 b 9 sep>ate & appropriate *annels1 ea* t]m9at+ :5 its object _h be5 atta9$4 ,suppose ^! conditions 7:i*1 z we %all aft]w>ds see1 are :at ,revelation1 fairly int]pret$1 decl>es7 to exi/2 all ! kn[n facts1 & also ! fairly c]ta9 inf]5ces ( ,evolution1 are !n acc\nt$ =4 ,footnote #a3 ,pigeon fanci]s "k t :5 !y h once obta9$1 by crossbre$+ & selection1 a p>ticul> =m or fea!r1 ! utmo/ c>e is ne$$ to pres]ve x4 ,if ! p>5ts are n select$ ! prog5y wilt gradually rev]t t[>ds ! orig9al wild pigeon type4 ,we h nei!r by revelation nor physical discov]y an exact s*eme ( all ! types1 nor :i* ( ! elem5t>y =ms 7 de/9$ to rema9 un*ang$ ?r\gh\t4 ,b "s s*eme ( creat$ types we surely h4 ,:e!r :at we call species#a are all types or n1 we _c say2 probably n4 ,all we c be sure ( is t !re are def9ite l9es some:]e4 ,we see ! /]ility ( "s hybrids1 = in/ance1 :i* w\ld seem to indicate t :ile "s =ms c conjugate & _! (fspr+ rema9 f]tile1 o!rs 7approa*+1 z x 71 ! v]ge ( sep>ation7 give rise to hybrids :i* are or n absolutely /]ile1#b accord+ z !y approa*1 or are m remote f1 ! design$ b>ri]-l9e4 ,& at t po9t ! sep>ation is insup]able4 ,c]ta9 =ms ( ,c>nivora & ,ungulata seem to be = ev] ap>t--n only ! two great ord]s1 b ev5 subdivisions )9 !m4 ,reptiles & birds1 on ! o!r h&1 unlike z !y at fir/ sight seem1 h no type l9e drawn to sep>ate !m2 t1 at lea/1 is "o ( ! m rec5t conclusions ( biological sci5ce4 ,footnote #a3 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t :at we call a species z di/9ct f a m]e v>iety1 is a m or less arbitr>y or provisional ?+ dep5d5t on ! /ate ( sci5ce = ! "t4 ,species are con/antly be+ lump$ toge!r by "s & sep>at$ by o!rs4 ,x foll[s mo/ probably1 t :ile "s species are really types--i4e41 "o c nev] pass into ! o!r & lose its ess5tials1 unless x is de/9$ to disappe> 7l ! pt]odactyle71 n be+ want$ 9 ! :ole s*eme--o!r species are really only v>ieties1 & maybe lo/ or modifi$ )\t limit4 ,footnote #b3 ,we may well reg>d ! mule z a peculi> =m j su* z ! evolutioni/ w\ld rejoice to see3 "h is a modifi$ species1 :i* has qualities diff]5t f ^? ( ei!r ( ! p>5t /ock1 & well fitt$ to /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,yet ?is modifi$ race w\ld1 if left to itself1 die out4 ,9 o!r cases :]e v>iation has occurr$1 & especially :5 x is artificially--i4e41 by ! aid ( selective bre$+--caus$ or fav\r$1 !re is ! con/ant t5d5cy to rev]t1 :i* is at once intelligible if !re is a type s*eme to be ma9ta9$4 ,if !re 7 a s]ies ( creat$ types1 !re may naturally h be5 :at ,i may call sub-types2 :i* w\ld be c]ta9 well-m>k$ /ages on ! way to ! f9al =m4 ,su* sub-type =ms w\ld naturally occur at diff]5t ages1 & be+ m>k$ w\ld %[ _! place 9 ! scale1 & _! connection ) ! ultimate p]fect =m4 ,su* a possibility w\ld exactly acc\nt = ! s]ies ( ,eohippus1 ,hipp>ion1 & horse1 :i* we h already in/anc$2 & /ill m s = ! rise & disappe>ance ( ! great ,mesozoic ,saurians :5 _! object 0 fulfill$4 ,d5y guidance & type1 & ev]y?+ becomes confus$4 ,:y %\ld v>iation take c]ta9 directions8 h[ comes x t natural =ces & conditions ( life s occur & co-op]ate z to produce ! v>iety ( *anges ne$$8 ,& !re is also "o o!r g5]al objection :i* ,i desire to /ate4 ,:y %\ld developm5t h gone 9 diff]5t directions t[>ds ! same object8 ,i grant t diff]5t circum/ances w\ld produce diff]5t *anges1 b n = ! same purpose4 ,= example take eye-sight4 ,! _w %[s sev]al types ( eye4 ,! insect eye q unlike any o!r2 ! cru/acean eye also di/9ct2 & birds1 fi%es1 & animals hav+ an eye :i* is g5]ally simil> & is some:at imitat$ by ! eye ( ! cuttle fi% 7:i* is n a fi%1 b a cephalopod74 ,aga91 grant$ t poison is a useful def5ce to creatures3 h[ is x giv5 s diff]5tly8--to a s]p5t 9 ! too?2 to a bee or a scorpion 9 ! tail2 to a spid] 9 a specially adapt$ ant5na1 & to ! c5tip$e 9 a pair ( modifi$ legs on ! ?orax4 ,"o w\ld h suppos$ t natural causes t5d+ to produce poison weapons w\ld h all gone on ! same l9es4 ,&1 curi\sly1 9 "s few cases1 we h a sam5ess ( l9e4 ,ab\t twelve species--all fi%--h an electric app>atus1 famili> to mo/ ( u 9 ! flat sea-fi% call$ ,torp$o & 9 ! fre%-wat] eel call$ ,gymnotus4 ,! only answ] ! anti-creationi/ c give to ?is dissimil>ity ( developm5t is t !re are _m vacant places 9 ! polity ( nature1 & t developm5t takes place 9 t direction :i* fits ! creature to occupy a vacant place1 & is1 !re=e1 div]se4 ,x seems to me t ?is--! only answ] t c he giv5--is necess>ily a modifi$ =m or mode ( creation4 ,h[ c natural causes "k any?+ ab\t a polity ( nature & a vacant place1 "h & !re1 s t ! creature mu/ develop 9 "o way or ano!r to fill x8 ,ano!r set ( cases is ! production ( simil> functional results by mo/ div]se means1 z 9 ! case ( fly+ animals1 birds1 pt]odactyles1 & bats2 "h !re is a widely diff]5t modification ( ! =e-arm & o!r bones1 all = ! same purpose4 ,! read] w d well to ref] to ,mr4 ,miv>t's book on ?is subject4 ,aga91 ! "q ( types seems to be po9t$ to 9 ! curi\s fact ( :at ,i may call ! d\ble developm5t ( birds f reptiles4 ,mr4 ,miv>t says1 ,if "o set ( birds sprang f "o set ( reptiles & ano!r set f ano!r set ( reptiles1 ! two sets c\ld nev] by 'natural selection' only h gr[n into su* p]fect simil>ity4 ,yet we c trace ! ,/ru?i\s birds 7^? t1 l o/ri*es1 d n fly7 ?r\gh ! ,d9osaurs & ,d9ornis1 & ! fly+ ,c>9ate birds ?\gh pt]odactyles1 ,ar*aeopt]yx1 & ,ic?yornis1 c4 ,x might well be add$ to ?is "p ( ! subject1 t grant$ t developm5tal *anges 7 (t5 small1 t progress 0 atta9$ little by little1 ?is does n appe> to h be5 always ! case4 ,! discov]ies ( ! fossil species ( horse1#a ,eohippus1 ,hipp>ion1 & s =?1 cle>ly e/abli% a developm5tal s]ies1 & ! anci5t =ms are claim$ z ! ance/or ( ! mod]n horse2 b ^! 7,pr(essor ,ow5 tells u7 diff]$ m f "o ano!r ?an ! ass & ! zebra 7= in/ance7 diff] f ! horse4 ,/ill1 ( c\rse x may be t !re are /ill undiscov]$ int]m$iate =ms2 & 9 any case !re ne$ be no desire to detract f ! value ( ! s]ies1 z really po9t+ t[>ds a gradual p]fection ( ! horse f a rud] ance/or up to ! late/ type4 ,b hav+ rea*$ ! type1 & ?\gh t type exhibits su* 7consid]able7 v>iations z occur betwe5 ! ,%etl& pony1 ! ,arab1 & ! dray-horse1 we h /ill no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ! ess5tial id5tity2 nor is !re any evid5ce or any probability t ! horse w ev] *ange into any?+ ess5tially diff]5t4 ,all ! fossil bats1 aga91 7 true bats3 & s ) ! rh9oc]oses & ! elephants4 ,grant+ ! fulle/ use t may be made ( ! imp]fection ( ! geological record1 x is difficult to acc\nt = ?is1 & /ill m = ! abs5ce ( int]m$iate =ms 7p>ticul>ly suitable = pres]vation7 ( ! ,cetaceae4 ,! ,zeuglodons f ,eoc5e d[n to ,plioc5e1 ! ,dolph9s 9 ! ,plioc5e1 & ! ,ziphoids ,catodontidae1 & ,bala5idae 9 ! ,plioc5e1 are all fully develop$ =ms1 ) no int]m$iate species4 ,footnote #a3 ,! s]ies is ?us 7,ni*olson1 p4 #gjb73--a4 ,eohippus--,l[] ,eoc5e ( ,am]ica2 =e-feet h f\r toes & a rudim5t>y ?umb or pollex4 #b4 ,orohippus 7ab\t ! size ( a fox7--,eoc5e4 #c4 ,an*i!rium--,eoc5e & ,l[] ,mioc5e2 ?ree toes1 b #b & #d are dim9utive4 #d4 ,hipp>ion--,upp] ,mioc5e & ,plioc5e2 /ill ?ree toes1 b #c m l ! mod]n horse & #b & #d /ill fur!r dim9i%$4 #e4 ,pliohippus--lat] ,plioc5e1 v l ,equus4 #f4 ,equus--,po/-,plioc5e4 ,mr4 ,miv>t rem>ks1 ,!re are abundant in/ances to prove t consid]able modifications may sudd5ly develop !mselves1 ei!r due to ext]nal conditions or to obscure int]nal causes 9 ! organisms :i* exhibit !m4#a ,if x is n s1 grant$ to ! full ! imp]fection ( ! ,geologic record1 b rememb]+ ! cases :]e we d f9d int]m$iate =ms2 we ask :y %\ld !y n be pres]v$ 9 o!r cases8 ,if !y ev] exi/$ we %\ld surely see m *ang+ =ms2 n only su* z are m or less unc]ta9ly divid$ species1 b :ole ord]s runn+ "o into ano!r4 ,no evid5ce exi/s to %[ t any bird has gradually pass$ into an animal1 nor a c>nivor\s bea/ become rum9ant1 or vice v]s4 ,footnote #a3 ,p4 #aab ,transcrib]'s note3 ,*apt] ,,viii ,! analogy ( *anges t are kn[n w n be> ext5sion en\gh to prove1 ev5 probably1 any su* *ange4 ,surely if our conclusion 9 fav\r ( a ,div9e ,design to be atta9$1 & a ,provid5tial ,intellig5ce direct+ ! laws ( developm5t1 is no m ?an a belief1 x is a probable & reasonable belief3 x c]ta9ly meets facts & all[s place = difficulties 9 a way f> m satisfactory ?an ! opposite belief :i* rejects all b second>y & purely natural causes4 ,s cle> does ?is seem to me1 t ,i _c help surmis+ t we %\ld nev] h he>d ( any objection to ,div9e creation & provid5tial direction1 if x _h n be5 = a preval5t fix$ idea1 t by creation mu/ be meant a f9al1 "o-act production 7p] saltum7 ( a completely develop$ =m1 :]e previ\sly !re _h be5 no?+4 ,su* a creation w\ld ( c\rse militate aga9/ any evolution1 h[ev] cauti\sly /at$ or cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,& no d\bt su* an idea ( creation 0 & /ill is preval5t1 & w\ld naturally & almo/ inevitably arise1 :ile no?+ to ! contr>y 9 ! modus op]&i ( ,creative ,p[] 0 kn[n4 ,:at is m /range is t ! curr5t objection %\ld n n[ be1 ,y\r idea ( creation is all wrong1 r ?an ! "o :i* has be5 /rongly put =w>d 7& aga9/ :i* ,i am cont5d+71 ,!re is no place = a ,creator4 7#e7 ,?is is ! only o!r g5]al po9t t rema9s to be tak5 up 9 connection ) ! !ory t all liv+ =ms are due to ! gradual accumulation ( small fav\rable *anges )\t creative int]v5tion4 ,! objection is t we _c obta9 ! inconceivably long "t requir$ = ! process ( uncontroll$ & unaid$ evolution4 ,i am n "h conc]n$ to argue g5]ally = ! %ortness or longness ( ! p]iods ( geological "t2 let u1 = ! purposes ( argum5t1 admit a v wide m>g9 ( c5turies & ages2 b "s limit !re mu/ be4 ,! sun's light & heat1 = "o ?+1 are necess>y1 & ?\gh ! bulk ( combu/ible mat]ial 9 ! sun is enorm\s1 !re mu/ be "s end to x4 ,sir ,william ,?omson has calculat$ 7& 8 calculations h nev] be5 answ]$7 t on purely physical gr\nds1 ! exi/5ce ( life on ! e>? mu/ be limit$ to "s su* p]iod z #ajj millions ( ye>s2 & ?is is f> too %ort = uncontroll$ evolution4 ,we "k f fossils1 t species h rema9$ entirely unalt]$ s9ce ! glacial epo*s began1 & h[ _m g5]ations are includ$ ev5 9 t6 ,if no *ange is visible 9 all t "t1 h[ _m m ages mu/ h elaps$ be=e a primitive ,amoeba c\ld h develop$ into a bird or a ,mammal8 ,9 ,florida ,mr4 ,agassiz has %[n t coral insects exi/ un*ang$1 & mu/ h be5 s = #cj1jjj ye>s4 ,:5 we rememb] also ! enorm\s de/ruction ( life t takes place1 suppos+ t 9 a giv5 =m a few creatures und]w5t accid5tal *anges :i* 7 b5eficial & likely to aid !m--/ill :at *ances 7 !re t ! creatures :i* began to exhibit ! "r sort ( *ange %\ld h di$ be=e !y left (fspr+6 ! *ances aga9/ !m are enorm\s3 & ! *ances h to be repeat$ at e successive *ange be=e ! f9ally p]fect$ or advanc$ creature took its place 9 ! polity ( nature4 ,moreov]1 !re is ! *ance ( small *anges be+ lo/ by int]cross+3 our own cattle-bre$]s h mo/ c>efully to select ! p>5ts1 or else ! fav\rable v>iety soon disappe>s4 ,h[ !n1 see+ ! p[] ( /ability :i* at lea/ "s =ms are f\nd to exhibit--see+ too ! enorm\s *ances aga9/ ! survival ( ! p>ticul> specim5s t beg9 to v>y1 & ! fur!r *ances ( ! loss ( v>iety by int]cross+2 h[ c we get ! millions ( millions ( ye>s necess>y to produce ! pres5t extreme div]g5ce ( species8 ,! fact is t ! =ce ( ?is objection is likely to be und]valu$1 f ! m]e difficulty ( br++ home to ! m9d ! immeasurable "t really dem&$ by uncontroll$ evolution4 ,nor is ! "q ( "t left absolutely to be matt] ( belief or speculation4 ,= "h & !re 9 ! geological records ( ! rocks1 we h c]ta9 int]m$iate =ms--or =ms :i* we may fairly argue to be su*4 ,b look+ at ! v consid]able diff]5ces betwe5 ! e>li] & ! lat] ( ^! =ms--diff]5ces great] ?an ^? :i* n[ sep>ate well-def9$ species1 x seems que/ionable :e!r any ( ! divisions ( ,t]ti>y "t1 tak+ all ! circum/ances into consid]ation1 c\ld be l5g!n$ out suffici5tly to accompli% ! *ange4 ,at any rate1 if any p>ticul> example be disall[$1 ! g5]al objection mu/ be admitt$ to be weighty4 ,n[ ! int]v5tion ( any sy/em ( creat$ designs ( animal =m--h[ev] little its details be und]/ood--& ! production ( v>iations "u div9e guidance :i* w\ld lead m directly to ! accompli%m5t ( su* =ms z ! complicat$ fl[]s ( or*ids above describ$1 w\ld unque/ionably t5d to %ort5 ! requisite "t4 ,!re w\ld1 by a process ( reason+ easily foll[$1 be an imm$iate r$uction ( ! ages requir$1 )9 practicable limits1 ?\gh ! "t mu/ /ill rema9 long4 ,m ?an t is n necess>y4 ,! ,us%]ian *ronology is n ( ,div9e revelation1 ?\gh "s p]sons speak ( x z if x 04 ,!re is n ! %ad[ ( a reason to be glean$ f ! ,bible1 nor f any o!r s\rce1 t ! comm5cem5t ( ord]ly developm5t1 ! sep>ation ( l& & wat]1 e>? & sky1 & ! subsequ5t provision ( designs = organic =ms ( life & ! fir/ /eps t foll[$ ! issue ( ! design1 began six ?\s& ye>s ago1 or any?+ l x4 ,x c be %[n1 inde$1 t hi/orical man1 or ! specific orig9 ( ! man spok5 ( z ,adam1 dates back b a limit$ "t2 & x is calculable ) "s degree ( probability h[ f>2 b t is all4 ,we are !re=e 9 no difficulty :5 ample "t is dem&$2 b we are 9 ! greate/ /raits :5 ! illimitable dem&s ( a sl[ly & m9utely /epp+ developm5t1 p]petually liable to be *eck$1 turn$ back1 & ev5 oblit]at$1 h to be confront$ ) o!r weighty probabilities & calculations reg>d+ ! sun's light & heat1 & ! duration ( p>ticul> geologic eras4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,man4 ,we n[ approa* a special objection :i* always1 has be5 7& ,i %all be p>don$1 p]haps1 = say+ always w be7 ! crux ( ! !ory ( unaid$1 uncreat$ evolution--! adv5t ( reason+1 & n only reason+1 b self-consci\s & ,god-consci\s ,,man4 ,"h aga9 ! l9es ( argum5t are s num]\s1 & ! details into :i* we might g s v>i$1 t a rigid & p]haps bald selection ( a few topics is all t c be attempt$4 ,b ,i may rem>k t naturali/s are f> f be+ agre$ on ?is "p ( ! subject4 ,agassiz rejects ! evolution ( man altoge!r4 ,mr4 ,/4 ,g4 ,miv>t1 :ile p>tly admitt+1 z e "o else n[ does1 ! doctr9e ( evolution1 d5ies ! desc5t ( man4 ,mr4 ,wallace1 ! great apo/le ( evolution1 opposes ,d>w91 & w h none ( 8 views on ! desc5t ( man2 & ,pr(essor ,huxley himself says t1 :ile ! resemblance ( /ructure is su* t if any process ( physical causation c be discov]$ by :i* ! g5]a & families ( ord9>y animals h be5 produc$1 ! process ( causation is amply suffici5t to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( man1 /ill he admits t ! gulf is va/ betwe5 civiliz$ man & brutes1 & he is c]ta9 t :e!r f !m or n1 man is assur$ly n ( !m4 ,! fir/ difficulty ,i %all m5tion is1 h[ev]1 a /ructural "o4 ,suppos+ t an ape-l ance/or develop$ into man1 on ! pr9ciples ( natural selection2 !n 8 developm5t has tak5 place 9 a mann] directly contr>y to ! ackn[l$g$ law ( natural selection4 ,he has develop$ backw>ds2 8 frame is 9 e way weak]2 he is want+ 9 agility2 he has lo/ ! preh5sile feet2 he has lo/ tee? fitt$ = fight+ or cru%+ or te>+2 he has b little s5se ( smell2 he has lo/ ! hairy cov]+1 & is oblig$ to help himself by clo!s4#a ,if ?is loss 0 ornam5tal x is q unlike any o!r developm5t 9 ?is respect1 s9ce no o!r creature has ! same2 = ornam5tal purposes ! fur becomes col\r$1 spott$1 & /rip$1 b n lo/4 ,x is easy to reply t man be+ intellig5t1 8 bra9 p[] enables him to inv5t clo!s1 arms1 implem5ts1 & s =?1 :i* n only supply all defici5cies ( /ructure1 b give him a great sup]iority ov] all creatures4 ,b h[ did he get t intellig5ce8 ,by :at natural process ( causation 7)\t intellig5t direction7 is x conceivable t1 giv5 a species ( monkey1 all at once & at a c]ta9 /age1 /ructural developm5t %\ld h be5 ret>d$ & actually rev]s$1 & a developm5t ( bra9 /ructure alone set 98 ,nor1 be x obs]v$1 has any trace ( man ) a rudim5t>y bra9 ev] be5 discov]$4 ,savages h bra9s f> 9 excess ( _! requirem5ts1 & c consequ5tly be educat$ & improv$4 ,! skull ( a prehi/oric man f\nd 9 ! ,ne&]?al ne> ,dusseldorf is ( av]age bra9 capacity1 %[+ t 9 ^? remote ages man 0 v mu* 9 capacity :at he is at pres5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is rem>kable t ! loss ( ! hairy cov]+ is mo/ complete :5 x is mo/ want$3 ! back1 ! sp9e1 & ! %\ld]s are 9 ne>ly all races unprotect$2 & yet ! want ( a cov]+ f ! heat or cold is su* t ! rude/ savages h inv5t$ "s k9d ( cloak = ! back4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$ t ! special difficulties ( ! orig9 ( man are n purely /ructural4 ,we d n "k en\gh ( ! ,div9e plan to be able to und]/& :y x is t !re is a c]ta9 und5iable unity ( =m1 9 ! two eyes1 e>s1 m\?1 limbs & organs g5]ally ( ! animal & man4 ,moreov]1 mu* is made ( ! fact1 z /at$ by a rec5t ,ed9burgh ,review]1 t ! physical diff]5ce betwe5 man & ! l[e/ ape is trifl+ comp>$ ) t :i* exi/s betwe5 ! l[e/ ape & any brute animal t is n an ape4#a ,?is fact no d\bt negatives ! idea put =w>d by ,bi%op ,temple & o!rs1 t if !re 0 an evolution ( man1 x mu/ h be5 9 a special bran* :i* 0 =ese5 & comm5c$ v f> back 9 ! scale ( organic be+4 ,= ! /ructural diff]5ce might n require su* a sep>ate orig92 :ile ! m5tal diff]5ce1 af=d+ objections ( a diff]5t class1 w n all[ ( any su* evolution at all4 ,t !re is "s connection betwe5 man & ! animal _c be d5i$1 & consequ5tly1 9 ! abs5ce ( full] in=mation1 v little w\ld be ga9$ by insi/+ on ! purely physical developm5t "q4 ,! ,bible /ates positively t ! man ,adam 7z ! prog5itor ( a p>ticul> race1 at any rate7 0 a sep>ate & actual production1 on a giv5 "p ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,all t we ne$ conclude reg>d+ t is t !re is no?+ kn[n :i* entitles u to say1 ,?is is n a fact1 & !re=e is n g5u9e revelation4 ,footnote #a3 ,no4 #cca1 ,july1 #ahhe1 p4 #bbc4 ,moreov]1 z to ! "q ( ! possibility ( human developm5t g5]ally1 !re are c]ta9 consid]ations :i* directly support our belief4 ,= example1 directly we look to ! *>act]i/ic po9t1 ! gift ( intellect1 we c reasonably argue t ! action ( a ,creator is indisp5sable4 ,! entrance ( consci\sness & ( reason1 h[ev] elem5t>y1 m>ks some?+ out ( all analogy ) ! developm5t ( physical /ructure1 j z mu* z ! entrance ( ,life m>k$ a new dep>ture 9 no analogy ) ! prop]ties ( inorganic matt]4 ,f ! fir/ dawn ( :at looks l w & *oice betwe5 two ?+s1 & some?+ l a reason :i* directs ! c\rse ( ! organism 9 a p>ticul> way = a p>ticul> object1 we h an altoge!r new dep>ture4 ,! difficulty comm5ces at ! outset1 & ev5 9 ! animal creation2 x is m]ely cont9u$ & r5d]$ m /rik+ :5 we take into consid]ation ! high] developm5t ( intellect into p[] ( ab/ract reason+1 self-consci\sness & ,god-consci\sness4 ,x is p]fectly true t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! in/9ct ( animals & ! reason & m9d ( man1 is "o ( degree r ?an k9d4 ,z ,*ri/ians1 we h no objection :atev] to a developm5t ( reason f ! l[e/ reason solely conc]n$ ) e>?ly & bodily affairs to ! highe/ p[]s se>*+ into deep & spiritual tru?s4 ,b su* a developm5t1 ?\gh x is p>allel to a physical developm5t--z spiritual law appe>s to be always p>allel 7z f> z ! nature ( ?+s p]mits7 to physical laws--/ill is a developm5t :i* _c "u any possible circum/ances disp5se ) an ext]nal spiritual ord] ( exi/5ce1 & "o :i* _c be physically caus$4 ,nor is x conceivable t man %\ld develop a consci\sness ( ,god1 :5 no ,god really exi/s ext]nally to ! consci\sness4#a ,footnote #a3 ,= our consci\sness ( ,god is obvi\sly v diff]5t f a figm5t ( ! imag9ation1 or ! sort ( reality exp]i5c$ 9 a dream4 ,?is is n ! place to develop su* an argum5t1 b x seems to me m ?an d\btful :e!r we c ev5 imag9e some?+ absolutely non-exi/5t 9 nature4 ,:5 ! arti/'s imag9ation w\ld con/ruct1 e4g41 a w+$ dragon1 ! concept is always made up ( p>ts :i* are real--eyes l an alligator1 bat-w+s1 scales ( a fi% or crocodile1 & s =?4 ,all ! memb]s or p>ts are real1 put toge!r to =m ! unreal4 ,i d n believe t any in/ance ( a human conception c be br\ght =w>d :i* on analysis w n con=m to ?is rule4 ,! ma9 objection1 !n1 t ,i w\ld press is1 t admitt+ any possibility ( ! developm5t ( man f a purely physical & /ructural po9t ( view1 admitt+ any inf]5ce t may be drawn fairly f ! und\bt$ connection 7increas+ly great z x is z we g upw>ds f ! l[] animal to ! ape7 betwe5 animals & man1 t inf]5ce nev] c t\* ! desc5t ( man z a :ole2 because no simil>ity ( bodily /ructure c get ov] ! difficulty ( ! m5tal p[] ( man4 ,we h to deal n ) a "p ( man1 b ) ! :ole4 ,! difficulty _c be got ov] by d5y+ m9d z a ?+ p] se2 = all attempts to repres5t m9d z ! m]e product ( a physical /ructure1 ! bra91 utt]ly fail4 ,nobody wi%es to d5y :at ,dr4 ,h4 ,maudsley & o!rs h made s pla9 to u1 t m9d has 79 "o aspect1 at any rate7 a physical basis--t is1 t no ?\ght1 imag9ation1 or comb9ation ( ?\ght1 is kn[n to u ap>t f *ange & exp5diture ( en]gy 9 ! bra94 ,nor c we1 by any process ( introspection or obs]vation ( o!r subjects1 sep>ate ! m9d f ! bra9 & asc]ta9 ! exi/5ce ( pure m9d1 or s\l1 exp]im5tally4 ,b /ill1 !re is no possibility ( gett+ ! op]ations ( m9d out ( m]e cell /ructure1 unless an ext]nal ,p[] has add$ ! m9d p[]1 z a faculty ( ,8 end[+2 !n ,he may be all[$ to h connect$ t faculty ev] s my/]i\sly ) physical /ructure2 we are cont5t4 ,& ,i mu/ insi/ on ! total failure ( all analogy betwe5 ! developm5t ( bones or muscles & ! developm5t ( m9d2 & ev5 if we grant a c]ta9 /age ( in/9ct to h aris51 we are /ill 9 ! d>k z to h[ t c\ld develop into intellect su* z man possesses1 includ+ a belief 9 ,god4 ,on ?is subject let u he> ,pr(essor ,allman4 ,betwe5 a developm5t ( mat]ial /ructure & a developm5t ( intellectual & moral features1 ! ,pr(essor says1 !re is no conceivable analogy2 & ! obvi\s & cont9u\s pa?1 :i* we h hi!rto foll[$ up1 9 our reason+s f ! ph5om5a ( lifeless matt] to ^? ( liv+ =m1 "h comes sudd5ly to an end4 ,! *asm betwe5 unconsci\s life & ?\ght is deep & impassable1 & no transitional ph5om5a are to be f\nd by :i*1 z by a bridge1 we c span x ov]4#a ,!re c be life or function )\t consci\sness or ?\ght2 !re=e1 ev5 if we g s f> z to admit t life is only a prop]ty ( protoplasm1 !re c be no gr\nd = say+ t ?\ght is only a prop]ty ( protoplasm4 ,footnote #a3 ,briti% ,association ,address4 ,if1 says ,pr(essor ,allman1 we 7 to admit t e liv+ cell 7 a consci\s & ?9k+ ?+1 are we !re=e ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t its consci\sness ) its irritability is a prop]ty ( ! matt] ( :i* x is compos$8 ,! sole argum5t on :i* ?is view is made to re/ is analogy4 ,x is argu$ t because ! life ph5om5a1 :i* are inv>iably f\nd 9 ! cell1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a prop]ty ( ! cell1 ! ph5om5a ( consci\sness by :i* !y are accompani$ mu/ also be s reg>d$4 ,! weak po9t 9 ! argum5t is ! abs5ce ( all analogy betwe5 ! ?+s comp>$3 & z ! conclusion re/s solely on ! argum5t f analogy1 ! two mu/ fall to ! gr\nd toge!r4 ,try & assign to matt] all ! prop]ties y c ?9k (1 its imp5etrability1 ext5sion1 weight1 in]tia1 ela/icity1 & s =?1 by no process ( ?\ght 7z ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,fry obs]ves 9 an article 9 ,! ,contempor>y ,review #a7 c y get out ( !m an adequate acc\nt ( ! ph5om5a ( m9d or _s4 ,we j n[ obs]v$ t consci\sness1 ?\ght1 & s =?1 are nev] exhibit$ ap>t f ! action ( ! bra92 "s *ange 9 ! bra9 accompanies !m all4 ,we d n d5y t4 ,b x is obvi\s t ?\ght be+ manife/$ 9 ! pres5ce ( c]ebral matt] or some?+ l x1 is a v diff]5t ?+ f ?\ght be+ a prop]ty ( su* matt]1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* pol>ity is ! prop]ty ( a magnet1 or irritability ( liv+ protoplasm4 ,footnote #a3 ,octob]1 #ahhj1 p4 #ehg4 ,to all ?is ,i h se5 no answ]4 ,! way 9 :i* ! oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ian beliefs meet su* consid]ations appe>s to be to ignore or m9imize !m1 s z to pass ov] to :at seems to !m a satisfactory if n an easy s]ies ( transitions4 ,if ,life is aft] all only a prop]ty ( matt]1 !n giv5 life1 a bra9 may be produc$2 & z m9d is always manife/$ 9 ! pres5ce ( 7& app>5tly indissolubly unit$ )7 bra9 /ructure1 x is n a mu* great] leap to accept life z a prop]ty ( matt] ?an x is to take ?\ght z a prop]ty ( a c]ta9 specializ$ physical /ructure4 ,x is true t ! di/ance is great betwe5 ! in/9ct ( an animal & ! ab/ract reason+ p[] ( a ,newton or a ,h]b]t ,sp5c]2 b 7z we are s (t5 told7 ! diff]5ce is ( degree n ( k9d1 & z ! bra9 /ructure develops1 s does ! p[] & degree ( reason4 ,z to ! diff]5ce 9 man1 t he is ! only religi\s animal--! "o creature t has ! idea ( ,god--t is a m]e developm5t ( ! emotions 9 connection ) ab/ract reason+ z to ! cause ( ?+s4 ,no "p ( our m5tal nature is m common to ! animal & ! man ?an ! emotional2 & if 9 ! "o x is m]e love & hatr$1 joy & grief1 confid5ce & fe>1 9 ! o!r ! emotions are develop$ into ! poetic s5se ( beauty1 or ! awe felt = :at is gr& & noble2 & ?is ins5sibly passes into wor%ip1 ! root ( ! :ole be+ fe> ( ! unkn[n & ! my/]i\s4 ,t is ! g5]al l9e ( argum5t tak5 up4 ,ev5 accept+ ! solution 7if su* x maybe call$7 ( ! two fir/ difficulties--life add$ spontane\sly or aborig9ally to matt]1 & ?\ght & consci\sness add$ to organism--/ill ! re/ ( ! pa? is by no means s easy z might at ! fir/ glance appe>4 ,developm5t 9 bra9 /ructure c]ta9ly does n always proce$ p>i passu ) a high] & m complex reason+4 ,9 actual fact we f9d high reason+ p[]1 q unexpect$ly "h & !re1 up & d[n ! animal k+dom4 ,"s insects1 ) v little t c be call$ a bra9 at all1 exhibit high intellig5ce2 & "s animals ) small] bra9s are m docile & intellig5t ?an o!rs ) a mu* l>g] developm5t4 ,! ape1 9 spite ( 8 close physical approa* to ! /ructure ( man1 & 8 /ill great] relative di/ance f ! o!r animal creation1 is n sup]ior 7if he is n decid$ly inf]ior7 9 reason or intellig5ce to sev]al animals l[] d[n 9 ! scale4 ,savages1 aga91 h a bra9 greatly 9 excess ( _! actual requirem5ts 7s to speak74 ,h5ce ! m]e exi/5ce ( bra91 h[ev] complex1 does n indicate ! possession ( m5tal p[]4 ,!re is reason to believe t all ?\ght & ex]cise ( ! m9d--9 fact1 e /ep 9 ! process ( ,education1 :]eby an ignorant p]son is br\ght at la/ to appreh5d ! mo/ ab/ract propositions--is accompani$ by "s molecul> 7or o!r7 *ange4 ,s t a p]son :o has be5 c>efully educat$ has ! bra9 9 a diff]5t /ate f t ( an exactly simil>ly con/itut$ p]son ^: bra9 has be5 subject$ to no su* ex]cise4 ,b ev5 if ?is action c\ld be =mulat$ & expla9$1 x w\ld n foll[ t ?\ght is ! product ( ! molecul> *ange2 or t1 vice v]s1 if we c\ld artificially produce c]ta9 *anges1 9 ! bra91 c]ta9 ?\ghts & p]ceptions w\ld !reon coexi/ ) ! *anges1 & arise 9 ! m9d ( ! subject =?)4 ,& if n1 !n no process ( physical developm5t acc\nts = grades ( intellect2 we h only m9d develop+ z m9d4 ,b ! !ory ( evolution w h no?+ to d ) any developm5t b physical2 or at any rate ) m5tal developm5t except z ! result ( physical3 x kn[s no?+ ( pure m9d1 or spiritual exi/5ce1 or any?+ ( ! sort4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s we c h nei!r obs]vation nor exp]im5t 9 ?is /age4 ,we _c by any process develop ! l[] m9d ( an animal into ! high] m9d ( man1 & prove ! /eps ( ! evolution4#a ,x is important to rememb] t ! p[] ( direct+ ! att5tion by a volunt>y process ( ab/raction1 is "o t di/9ctively belongs to man4 ,x is an ef=t ( w1 ( a k9d t no animal has any capacity =4 ,by x alone h we any p[] ( ab/ract reason+1 & x is intimately conc]n$ ) our self-consci\sness & memory1 & ) our language4 ,i am q aw>e t animals possess some?+ analog\s to a language ( _! own2 !y c indicate c]ta9 emotions & give w>n+1 & s =?1 to _! fell[s4 ,b t language c\ld nev] develop into human language1 or ! animal w 7su* z x is7 ev] rise to a human w1 or animals become end[$ ) self-consci\sness1 unless !y c\ld acquire ! p[] ( volunt>ily ab/ract+ ! m9d f "o subject or "p ( a subject & fix+ ! att5tion on ano!r4 ,we _c =mulate any process ( *ange :]eby ! l[] /ate c\ld pass on to or atta9 to ! high] 9 ?is respect4 ,footnote #a3 ,we c ( c\rse foll[ ! sort ( m5tal developm5t :i* is traceable :5 we consid] ! orig9 ( our own sagaci\s & fai?ful dogs 9 ! wild prairie dog3 b ?is developm5t is always 9 contact ) ! m9d ( man1 & is1 z x 71 ! result ( man's action1 z man's developm5t 9 m9d & s\l is ! result ( ,god's action4 ,!re=e aga9 we conclude t ! high] reason is a gift ab ext]no4 ,if we take a /ep fur!r to ! spiritual or moral faculties ( man1 we h ! same difficulty int5sifi$1 if inde$ x does take a new dep>ture4 ,to exam9e ! "q adequately w\ld require u to g into ! deep wat]s ( psy*ology2 & "h we %\ld enc\nt] _m matt]s reg>d+ :i* !re may be legitimate d\bt & diff]5ce ( op9ion1 :i* w\ld obscure & lead u away f our ma9 l9e ( ?\ght4 ,?is ,i w\ld will+ly avoid4 ,b x is q intelligible1 & t\*es on no dang]\s gr\nd1 :5 we ass]t t !re is a di/9ct asc5t--an int]val aga9 rais+ developm5tal difficulties1 directly we pass f ! intellectual to ! moral4 ,we may wond] at ! high degree ( intellig5ce possess$ by "s animals2 b we are unable to conceive any animal possess+ a p[] ( ab/ract reason+1 hav+ ideas ( beauty 7z su*71 or ( manife/+ :at we call ! poetic feel+4 ,& /ill m is ?is s :5 we look at ! fur!r int]val t lies betwe5 any p]ception ( physical ph5om5a1 any reason+ 9 ! ab/ract1 or inve/igation ( ma!matical tru?1 & ! ov]ma/]+ s5se ( obligation to ! moral law1 or ! action ( ! s\l 9 its in/9ctive possession ( ! conception ( a ,div9e ,exi/5ce ext]nal to itself4 ,x is because ( ?is felt diff]5ce t we talk ( ! spiritual z some?+ beyond & above ! m5tal4 ,! di/9ction is real1 ?\gh we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be l$ too f> 9 attempt+ to scan ! close union t1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 exi/s betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r4 ,9 a rec5t numb] ( ,! ,ed9burgh ,review1#a ! au?or compla9s ( ,bi%op ,temple ?us3 ,he uses ! ^w spiritual 9 su* a way t he might be tak5 to imply t we _h "s o!r faculty = ! p]ception ( moral tru?s1 9 addition to1 & di/9ct f1 our reason4 ,& ! writ] goes on to make an uncompromis+ ass]tion ( reason z ! "o supreme faculty ( man4 ,to depreciate reason 7he says7 to ! pr(it ( "s suppos$ 'moral' illative s5se1 w\ld be to op5 ! door to ! mo/ desolat+ ( all scepticisms1 & to subord9ate ! basis ( our highe/ intellectual p[] to "s m]e figm5t ( ! imag9ation4 ,footnote #a3 ,july1 #ahhe1 p4 #baa1 9 ! c\rse ( ! article to :i* ,i h already allud$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s writ]s 7claim+ to d]ive _! argum5t f ! ,scriptures7 h suppos$ !y c\ld ass]t ?ree di/9ct natures 9 man--a spiritual1 a m5tal 7or psy*ic71 & a bodily4 ,n[ !re is no d\bt t1 rightly or wrongly 7,i am n n[ conc]n$ ) t71 ! ,bible does di/9ctly ass]t t a brea? ( lives #a 0 specially put into ! bodily =m ( man1 & adds t !reby man became a liv+ s\l4 ,b x is also /at$ ( ! animal creation t ! brea? ( life 0 giv5 to !m1#b & animals are said to h a s\l 7nephe%74#c ,s t nei!r 9 ! "o case nor ! o!r h we m ?an ! two elem5ts3 a body1 & a life put into x2 ?\gh ( c\rse ! man's life 7z ! plural indicates1 & o!r texts expla97 0 high] 9 k9d ?an t ( ! animal4 ,footnote #a3 ,! plural ( excell5ce appe>s to m>k some?+ sup]ior 9 ! _s ( man ov] t ( ! animals4 ,also comp>e ,job xxxiii4 #d1 ,! brea? ( ! ,almighty ha? giv5 me life1 ) ,isa4 xlii4 #e & ,ze*4 xii4 #a4 ,footnote #b3 ,?\gh n 9 ! plural ( excell5ce4 ,see ,g54 vi #ag1 vii4 #bb1 c4 ,footnote #c3 ,g54 i4 #bj1 m>g9 ( ,a4,v4 ,/4 ,paul1 x is true1 speaks ( ! :ole _s1 & s\l1 & body4#a ,b our ,"l ,himself1 9 a v solemn passage 7:]e x w\ld be mo/ natural to expect ! di/9ction1 if x 7 absolute & /ructural1 to be notic$71 speaks ( ! s\l & body only4#b ,! fact is t we are only able to argue conclusively t1 besides ! physical =m1 we h a non-mat]ial s\l1 or a self4 ,& our ,"l1 ^: tea*+ 0 always em95tly practical1 w5t no fur!r4 ,we are consci\s ( a self--some?+ t rema9s1 :ile ! body cont9ually gr[s & *anges4 ,!re 0 9 ,pun*1 "s "t ago1 a picture ( an old gr&fa!r1 ) a little *ild look+ at a m>ble bu/ repres5t+ a *ild4 ,:o is t8 asks ! little "o2 & ! old man replies1 ,t is gr&fa!r :5 he 0 a little boy4 ,& :o is x n[8 rejo9s ! *ild4 ,"o smiles at ! picture1 b 9 reality x conceals a v important & a v pa!tic tru?4 ,no?+ c\ld well be great] ?an ! outw>d diff]5ce betwe5 ! grey hairs & b[$ figure & ! little *]ub face2 & yet !re 0 a self--a s\l1 t rema9$ ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ,platonic language1 :ile ! ,greek3 eidlon p]petually *anges1 ! ,greek3 eidos rema9s4 ,we h1 !re=e1 evid5ce z positive z ! nature ( ! subject admits t we are "r 9 speak+ ( ! body & ! s\l1 or self4 ,& z we _c connect ! high] reason+1 &1 above all1 consci5ce & ! religi\s belief1 z a prop]ty ( physical /ructure1 we conclude t ! ,scripture only ass]ts facts :5 x attributes bo? to ! s\l1 z a spiritual elem5t or nature belong+ to ! body4 ,man is ess5tially "o2#c b !re is bo? a mat]ial & a non-mat]ial1 a physical & a spiritual elem5t1 9 ! "o nature4 ,b1 be+ a spiritual elem5t1 t "p ( our nature necess>ily has two sides 7s to speak74 ,x has its po9t ( contact ) self & ! _w ( s5se1 & its po9t ( contact ) ! _w ( _s & ) ! ,great ,_s ( all1 f :om x came4 ,because ( t high] brea? ( lives giv5 by ! ,mo/ ,high1 man possesses ! faculty ( consci\sness ( ,god 7i4e41 ! high] spiritual faculties71 besides ! consci\sness ( self1 or m]ely intellectual p[] reg>d+ self & ! ext]nal _w4 ,!re=e1 :5 an ,apo/le desires to speak v =cibly ( some?+ t is to affect a man ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 9 e "p & 9 e aspect ( 8 nature1 he speaks ( ! :ole _s1 s\l1 & body4 ,to sum up3 all t we "k f ! ,bible is t ,god gave a s\l 7nephe%7 to ! animals1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* 7:5 unit$ to ! physical /ructure7 ! functions ( life & ! ph5om5a ( intellig5ce are manife/$4 ,s ,god gave a non-mat]ial1 & !re=e spiritual1 elem5t to human nature2 & ?is be+ ( a high] grade & capacity to t ( ! animal _w1 n only 9 its union ) physical /ructure1 makes ! man a liv+ s\l--gives him an intellig5ce & a c]ta9 reason su* z ! animals h1 b also gives him1 z a special & unique end[m5t2 ! consci\sness ( self 7involv+--:i* is v notewor?y--a consci\sness ( its own limitations7 & ! consci\sness ( ,god4 ,h5ce man's p[] ( improvem5t4 ,if ! man cultivates only ! self-consci\sness & ! reason t is ) x1 ! ,scriptures speak ( him z ! natural or psy*ic man2 if he is enabl$ by ,div9e grace to develop ! high] moral & spiritual "p ( 8 nature1 & to walk aft] ! ,_s1 n aft] ! fle%1 he is a spiritual man4 ,footnote #a3 #a ,!ss4 v4 #bc4 ,footnote #b3 ,matt4 x4 #bh4 ,footnote #c3 ,! well-kn[n argum5t ( ,/4 ,paul reg>d+ ! resurrection 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 7v]4 #de1 c47 is well wor?y ( consid]ation 9 ?is connection4 ,he deals ) man z "o :ole2 no?+ is said ab\t a man be+ 7or hav+7 a _s sep>ate f 8 s\l & 8 body1 & t _s be+ giv5 a high] body ?an x _h ^u e>?2 b ( ! :ole man1 s\l & body1 be+ rais$ & *ang$ into a man1 also "o :ole1 ) a m p]fect body--a body m highly develop$ 9 ! asc5d+ scale ( p]fection4 ,i d n =get ! passage :]e ! same ,apo/le 7#b ,cor4 v4 #f7 speaks ( be+ 9 ! body1 & abs5t f ! ,"l2 & ( be+ clo!d ^u2 b ?is does n 9 any way detract f ! importance ( ! treatm5t ( ! subject 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le4 ,x is idle to speculate :e!r ! nephe% ( ! animals1 or ! liv+ self ( ! man1 is an entity sep>ate f ! body1 & capable ( exi/+ p] se--( its own inh]5t nature--ap>t f x4 ,we d n "k t animal =ms are ! clo?+ ( a l[]-grad$ b sep>ate spiritual =m1 or t su* an animal s\l or _s c exi/ sep>ately f ! body2 & we d n "k 7f ! ,bible7--:atev] may be ! curr5t language on ! subject--t man's _s is 9 its nature capable ( any?+ l p]man5t sep>ate exi/5ce4#a ,man is ess5tially "o2 & :5 ! physical *ange call$ dea? passes ov] him1 x does n utt]ly oblit]ate ! :ole be+4 ,! non-mat]ial elem5t is n affect$ any m ?an x is by ! sleep ( e night2 & ! man w be ultimately rais$1 n a spiritual or immat]ial =m1 b provid$1 z be=e1 ) a body1 only "o ( a high] capacity & bett] adapt$ to its high] environm5ts--! spiritual body ( ,/4 ,paul1 9 a ^w4 ,! orig9al union ( m9d & matt] is1 on any possible !ory1 my/]i\s2 & ! sep>ation ( !m = a "t is nei!r less s1 nor m4 ,all ?is is p]fectly true1 :e!r ! non-mat]ial elem5t 9 man's nature is necess>ily1 inh]5tly & by nature1 immortal or n--a "q :i* ,i d n desire to ent] on4 ,h5ce x is t a c]ta9 elem5t ( tru? is recogniz$ 9 ! prote/ ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z we h n only intellig5ce1 emotions 7:i* are possess$ 9 l[] degree by animals71 self-consci\sness1 ! p[] ( ab/ract reason+1 & ! high] faculties ( ! imag9ation1#b b also ! consci\sness ( ,god & ! comm&+ s5se ( "r & wrong2 & see+ t ! la/-nam$ are diff]5t 9 k9d f ! =m]1 we give !m a sep>ate "n1 & speak ( ! moral or spiritual nature or capacity ( man1 z well z ! intellectual or m5tal4 ,"s 7by ! way7 *oose moral to include bo?1 hold+ t e?ical p]ceptions arise out ( 7or are intimately connect$ )7 our s5se ( ,god4 ,o!rs w\ld make a fur!r di/9ction1 & conf9e moral to ! 7suppos$7 b>e e?ical p]ception ( duty or ( "r & wrong1 & add spiritual to di/+ui% ! highe/ faculty ( all1 :]eby man holds communion ) 8 ,mak] & recognizes 8 relation to ,him4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is rem>k does n1 ( c\rse1 9 any way t\* ! "q :e!r ! spiritual "p ( a man is consci\s 9 ! int]val betwe5 dea? & resurrection1 or :e!r x c be made s5sible 9 any way :atev] to liv+ p]sons4 ,footnote #b3 ,! poetic s5se1 ! p]ception ( ! beautiful1 c4 ,:e!r ?is fur!r di/9ction is ju/ifi$ or n1 !re is a di/9ction betwe5 ! moral & ! purely intellectual2 & we are ju/ifi$ 9 us+ diff]5t t]ms = ?+s t are practically diff]5t4 ,?is ! ,ed9burgh ,review] seems to h =gott54 ,x 0 necess>y to my argum5t to ent] on ?is some:at l5g?y exam9ation ( ! spiritual nature ( man1 because1 :ile we ackn[l$ge ! unity ( man1 we are compell$ to recognize 9 8 religi\s s5se & aspirations & capacities some?+ q disp>ate--some?+ t we c\ld n get by a natural process ( gr[? f su* beg9n+s ( reason z are obs]v$ 9 ! l[] animals4 ,i am aw>e t ,dr4 ,d>w9 conceiv$ t ! religi\s feel+ ( man might h gr[n out ( ! natural emotions ( fe>1#a love1 gratitude1 c41 :5 once m5 began to "q z to ! explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( life1 & to ascribe ! =ces ( nature to ! possession ( a _s su* z he himself 0 consci\s (3 & ) mu* m positive int5t1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,sp5c] has also1 aft] mo/ pa9/ak+ inquiries1 =mulat$ :at he conceives to be ! orig9 ( religi\s belief 9 man4 ,he ref]s u to ! e>ly belief 9 a d\ble ( self1 :i* d\ble c\ld be project$ out ( self1 & rema9$ 9 "s way aft] dea?1 s z to become ! object ( fe>1 & ultimately ( wor%ip4 ,:5 ?is ance/or-wor%ip result$ 9 ! wor%ip ( a multitude ( g5ii 7^: individuality1 z reg>ds _! =m] e>?ly connection1 is m or less =gott571 !n ! idea ( atta*+ ! num]\s div9ities or ance/or-s\ls to ! ocean1 ! sky1 ! sun1 ! m\nta9s1 & ! p[]s ( nature1 arises2 :5ce ! poetic sy/ems ( anci5t poly!i/ic my?ology4 ,gradually m5 began to reason & to ?9k1 & !y ref9$ ! poly!ism into ! high] idea ( "o great1 c5tral1 immat]ial all-p]vad+ p[]1 :i* !y call$ ,god4 ,footnote3 #a ,see ! ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p4 #fh 7orig9al edition74 ,b x is "r to /ate t ! subject is n treat$ 9 any way :atev] s z to argue t ! religi\s belief is a fancy1 or developm5t ( fancy1 ) no ,god & no facts ab\t ,god beh9d x4 ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 9 effect1 concludes t ?is ,god is only man's own idea ( fill+ up a blank1 ( expla9+ ! fact t !re mu/ be an ultimate fir/ cause ( :atev] exi/s1 & !re is also a great s\rce ( p[] ( "s k9d ext]nal to ourselves4#a ,i am n go+ "h to ent] on any special argum5t z to ! validity ( ^! !ories 9 _! relation to ! direct "q ( ! nature & exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,:at we are "h conc]n$ ) is1 :e!r !y enable u to exclude ! idea ( a gift & a giv] ( spiritual or m5tal 7we w n qu>rel ab\t t]ms7 nature to man1 & :e!r1 by any fair reason+ f analogy1 we c suppose man's reason & 8 s5sus num9is to arise by ! m]e /ages ( natural gr[? & developm5t4 ,dr4 ,d>w9's supposition takes no notice ( ! moral law & its influ5ce2 inde$ he adopts#b ! view t consci5ce is no s5se ( "r & wrong1 b only ! /or$ up & inh]it$ social in/9ct1 a s5se ( conv5i5ce & inconv5i5ce to ! tribe & to ! individual1 :i* at la/ acts s spontane\sly & rapidly 9 giv+ its v]dict on any?+1 t we reg>d x z a special s5se4 ,x w\ld ( c\rse be possible to exp5d mu* "t & _m words 9 argum5t on ?is subject4 ,!re is n1 & nev] w be1 any direct evid5ce z to ! orig9 ( consci5ce2 & z t s5se 7l any o!r p[] ( our m5tal nature7 is capable ( be+ educat$1 evok$1 enlight5$1 & /r5g!n$1 & may also by neglect & contradiction det]iorate & )] away1 !re is ample room = all[+ a c]ta9 "p ( ! !ory4#c ,b _m p :o exam9e _! own consci5ce w feel t ! description c]ta9ly does n suit !m2 !re are _m ?+s :i* consci5ce disapproves1 ( :i* no great evil consequ5ces to !mselves or any "o else are felt4 ,consci5ce is con/antly condemn+ ! way t seeme? good unto a man4 ,ultimately no d\bt1 !re is real evil at ! end ( ev]y?+ t consci5ce w>ns a man aga9/2 b n su* z inh]it$ exp]i5ce is likely to recognize4 ,is x1 = in/ance1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! mass ( m51 z m51 t ! fle%ly m9d is dea?1 b ! spiritual m9d is life & peace8 ,is n r ! _w at l>ge habitually putt+ money-mak+1 position-mak+1 & ! c>e ( ! ?+s ( ! body1 ( "t1 & ( s5se1 9 ! fir/ place2 & is n ! moral law p]petually w>n+ u t ! fa%ion ( ! _w passes away1 & t :at seems gold is 9 reality t9sel8 ,z f> z ! condemnation t consci5ce passes on ! broad evils :i* affect society--?\ %alt n /eal1 ?\ %alt n lie1 or s =?--no d\bt x is support$ by ! transmitt$ s5se ( inconv5i5ce2 b :o has told x ( ! evil ( ?+s t d n affect our social /ate8 & :o has *ang$ ! inconv5i5t1 ! pa9ful1 into ! wrong8 ,x is "o ?+ to in/9ctively avoid a !ft or a falsehood1 ev5 if ! fir/ orig9 ( su* in/9ct 7 ! fe> ( consequ5ces or ! love ( approbation2 x is q ano!r--! inw>d condemnation ( some?+ :i* ! deceitfulness ( s9 is able to excuse1 & :i* ! _w at l>ge w\ld reg>d z p]missible or at lea/ v5ial4 ,ev5 if inh]it$ use has its full play1 !re is /ill a some?+ want$ be=e ! "o c be got into 7or out (7 ! o!r4 ,:y1 aga91 are savages prone to imag9e natural ph5om5a to be caus$ or actuat$ by spirits8 ,surely x is because !re is consci\sly a _s 9 man1 & a ,high] ,p[]1 ev5 ,god1 outside1 :o exi/s1 ?\gh man 9 8 ignorance has _m false ideas reg>d+ ,him4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is n necess>y to my imm$iate argum5t1 & !re=e ,i d n press x into ! text 7?\gh ,i %\ld be sorry to seem to =get x = a mom5t71 to urge t ,/4 ,paul draws a cle> di/9ction betwe5 ! intellectual faculties & ! high] spiritual ones1 :5 he assures u t ! cle>e/ intellect alone _c assimilate ! tru?s ( religion4 ,= ! spiritual faculties h be5 9 man griev\sly dead5$ & di/ort$ 7to say ! lea/ ( x71 s t 8 intellectual faculties1 bright & highly develop$ z !y may be1 w always prove insuffici5t = ! highe/ life 9 ! abs5ce ( ! grace ( ,god4 ,x is exactly analog\s to ! case ( a man :om we might suppose to h 8 s5se ( sight1 t\*1 c41 di/ort$1 & he himself unable to correct !m by aid ( ! s5ses ( o!rs4 ,h[ev] acutely he might ex]cise 8 reason1 he w\ld be cont9ually wrong 9 8 conclusions4 ,see #a ,cor4 ii41 ! :ole1 b specially v]s4 #ad1 #ae4 ,footnote #b3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p1 #gj4 ,footnote #c3 ,! attempt 7already allud$ to7 to sep>ate moral & spiritual1 to imag9e some?+ t is e?ical1 ap>t f ! religi\s idea1 has l5t "s /r5g? to ^! ideas ( ! moral s5se2 b 9 fact1 ! moral s5se is insep>ably connect$ ) ! idea ( ,god1 & ,8 approval & disapproval4 ,! idea ( ,god may be obscur$ & lo/1 b consci5ce is ! surviv+ trace ( x2 ! circumf]5ce t acc\nts = ! brok5 arc4 ,x is an objection ( ! same ord] t applies to ! o!r !ory 7,mr4 ,sp5c]'s74 ,!re c be little d\bt t 9 _m respects x is true3 z an acc\nt ( all human sy/ems ( religion x is adequate & natural2 b x breaks d[n hopelessly :5 we try to use x to expla9 h[ ! conception ( ,god orig9at$ 9 ! m9d4 ,j z !re is a felt diff]5ce--n ( degree or 9 =m1 b ess5tial & radical 9 its nature--betwe5 ! undesirable & ! wrong1 s !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! idea ( a my/]i\s ?+ t[>ds :i* appreh5sion or awe is felt1 & ! conception ( ,god4 ,grant$ t man believ$ 9 8 own _s or d\ble1 & attribut$ simil> immat]ial motor p[]s z a cause = ! w9d & waves1 & s =?2 grant$ t he at la/ ref9$ ?is into ! belief 9 "o ,_s ^: p[] 0 necess>ily great & v>i$--! orig9 is /ill unexpla9$4 ,h[ did man get ! idea ( a p]sonal _s or d\ble--no su* ?+1 ex hypo!si exi/+8 ,h[ did he get to =mulate ! idea ( a ,god :5 he _h simplifi$ 8 gr\p ( _m spirits into "o8 ,if man is creat$ ) a consci\sness ( 8 own inn]-self1 z a self1 he is able naturally to imag9e a l self 9 o!r be+s2 if he has an idea ( ,god innate 9 him1 he c assimilate ! tru? :5 x is at la/ pres5t$ to 8 m9d2 & t is :y he feels t x is a ref9em5t2 a ris+ f ! l[] to ! high] 7because f falsehood to tru?71 to let ! _m gods give place to ! ,"o ,god4 ,if ! idea ( ,god has be5 obscur$1 & ! p[] ( its appreh5sion dead5$1 ! man c only grope ab\t helplessly1 fa%ion+ ?is explanation ( nature & t--all m or less false1 b all dimly be>+ witness to ! two absolute facts1 t !re is an inn] non-mat]ial self1 & an ext]nal non-mat]ial ,god4 ,if !n !re are insup]able difficulties 9 connect+ ?\ght ) matt] by any process ( unaid$ developm5t1 !re are also great difficulties1 ev5 :5 ?\ght 9 a rudim5t>y =m is giv51 9 conceiv+ x develop$ into man's reason1 or man's religi\s belief1 by any kn[n process ( natural causation4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,fur!r ,,difficulties ,,reg>d+ ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,man4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s o!r matt]s connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( man on ! globe1 unconnect$ ) psy*ological developm5t1 b :i* dem& notice1 z mak+ ! argum5t aga9/ an undesign$1 unaid$ developm5t ( man a cumulative "o4 ,x is urg$ t :atev] may be ?\ght ( ! connection ( man ) ! animal creation1 at any rate ! receiv$ ,*ri/ian belief reg>d+ ! orig9 ( man--especially 8 late appe>ance on ! sc5e--is contr>y to kn[n facts1 & t we h to m\nt up to a va/ geologic antiquity to acc\nt = :at is kn[n f exhum$ rema9s 9 caves & lake dwell+s1 & ! l4 ,n[ no "o pret5ds t ! hi/ory ( man is free f d\bt & difficulty1 b ! d\bt & difficulty are n conf9$ to ! or?odox4 ,= ! inf]5ces to be drawn f ! exhum$ rema9s are equally d\btful :atev] views be adopt$4 ,i %all n g into great l5g? on ?is subject1 p>tly because "s rec5t popul> tracts ( ,canon ,rawl9son1 ,mr4 ,r4,s4 ,pattison1 & o!rs1 h already made ! ord9>y read] famili> ) ! ma9 outl9es ( ! subject2 & /ill m because1 be ! views ( ar*aeologi/s :at !y may1 x is impossible = any rational p]son to cont5d ei!r t !y c be r$uc$ to any?+ l unity among !mselves1 or t !y lead to any conclusion fav\rable to ! belief 9 ! self-caus$ & undesign$ evolution ( man4 ,x may be reg>d$ z kn[n1 t at ! dawn ( hi/ory1 mank9d 0 pass+ ?r\gh :at may be call$ a ,bronze age1 9 :i* weapons ( bronze 7 us$ be=e tools ( iron 7 inv5t$4 ,b ?is age 0 prec$$ by "o 9 :i* ev5 bronze 0 unkn[n4 ,/one implem5ts1 & "s ( bone & horn1 7 alone us$4 ,x is also well asc]ta9$ t !re 7 two widely divid$ /one ages4 ,! latt]1 di/+ui%$ by ! poli%+ ( ! /ones1 is describ$ z ! neoli?ic2 ! =m]1 9 :i* fl9t & o!r h>d /one fragm5ts 7 m]ely *ipp$ or flak$ to an edge1 is call$ ! palaeoli?ic4 ,x is h>dly cont5d$ t ! neoli?ic age c\ld h be5 m ?an f\r or five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re is always ! greate/ difficulty 9 fix+ any dates because f ! nature ( ! case writt5 records are abs5t1 & ! /ages ( gr[? 9 ! hi/ory ( peoples ov]lap s4 ,we "k t %>p flakes ( /one 7 /ill us$ = knives 9 ! "t ( ,moses & ,jo%ua4 ,we are n out ( ! /one age yet1 z reg>ds "s portions ( ! globe2 & x is q possible t p>ts ( ! e>?1 n s v remote1 may h be5 /ill 9 ! mid/ ( a /one age :5 ,assyria1 ,*aldaea1 & ,egypt 7 comp>atively highly civiliz$4 ,x is also fairly c]ta9 t betwe5 ! neoli?ic or smoo?-/one age1 & ! palaeoli?ic1 c]ta9 important geological *anges took place1 ?\gh ^? *anges 7 n su* z to h dem&$ any v great l5g? ( "t = _! accompli%m5t4 ,! palaeoli?ic /one implem5ts are f\nd 9 riv] gravels & clays1 along ! high] levels ( our own ,?ames ,valley1 t ( ! ,somme 9 ,france1 & 9 o!r places4 ,!y are also f\nd at ! bottom ( v>i\s natural cav]ns4 ,no human bones h be5 f\nd z yet ) ! implem5ts1 b ! bones ( l>ge numb]s ( animals h4 ,& x seems c]ta9 t ! m5 :o made ! implem5ts 7 contempor>ies ( ! animals1 because 9 ! lat] "p ( ! age1 at any rate1 !y drew or scrat*$ lik5esses ( ! animals on bone4 ,among ^! repres5tations are figures ( ! mammo? an ext9ct =m well kn[n to ! read] by description & museum specim5s ( rema9s4 ,! animals contempor>y ) ^! primeval m5 7 ! mammo?1 species ( rh9oc]os & hippopotamus1 ! sabre-too!d lion1 ! cave-be>1 ! re9de]1 besides ox51 horses1 & o!r /ill surviv+ =ms4 ,9 8 address to ! ,briti% ,association 9 #ahha ,sir ,john ,lubbock call$ att5tion to ! fact t ^! animals appe> to indicate bo? a hot & a cold climate1 & he ref]r$ to ! fact 7kn[n to a/ronom]s7 t ! e>? passes ?r\gh p]iods ( sl[ *ange 9 ! ecc5tricity ( its orbit1 & 9 ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic4 ,! result ( ! latt] condition is1 to produce p]iods ( ab\t #ba1jjj ye>s ea*1 dur+ "o-half ( :i* ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e w be hott]1 & 9 ! o!r ! ,s\!rn4 ,at pres5t we are 9 ! =m] phase4 ,b ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic does n act alone2 ! ecc5tricity ( ! orbit produces ano!r effect1 namely1 t :5 x is at a m9imum ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]atures ( ! two hemisph]es is small1 & z ! ecc5tricity increases1 s does ! diff]5ce4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ecc5tricity is repres5t$ by ! fraction 4#jaf4 ,b ab\t #cjj1jjj ye>s ago ! ecc5tricity w\ld h be5 z great z 4#bf to 4#eg4 ,! result1 x is expla9$1 w\ld h be5 n a uni=m heat or cold1 b extremes ( bo?2 !re w\ld probably h be5 %ort b v hot summ]s1 & long & int5sely cold w9t]s4 ,?is1 ,sir ,john ,lubbock ?\ght1 might acc\nt = ! co-exi/5ce ( bo? hot & arctic species1 l ! hippopotamus & rh9oc]os on ! "o h&1 & ! musk-ox & ! re9de] on ! o!r4 ,b su* consid]ations really help u little4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is only an assumption t ! fossil hippopotamus 0 an animal ( a hot climate--x does n 9 any way foll[ f ! fact t ! n[ exi/+ species is su*2 nor if we make ! assumption1 does x expla9 h[1 if ! hot summ] suffic$ = ! tropical hippopotamus1 x manag$ to survive ! long & cold w9t]s :i* suit$ ! arctic species4 ,moreov]1 no su* calculations c really be made ) accuracy3 we d n "k :at o!r a/ronomical facts may h to be tak5 into consid]ation1 nor c we say :5 su* p]iods z ^? :i* are s graphically describ$1 began or end$4 ,9 ?is v in/ance1 we "k t ! mammo? only became ext9ct 9 comp>atively rec5t times1 s9ce specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ,sib]ia1 ) ! hair1 sk91 & ev5 fle%1 entirely pres]v$4 ,grant$ t ! int5se cold ( ! ,sib]ian ice effect$ ?is1 x is impossible to admit m ?an a limit$ "t = ! pres]vation--n hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,pr(essor ,boyd ,dawk9s is surely "r 9 /at+ t ! calculations ( a/ronomy af=d u no c]ta9 aid at pres5t 9 ?is inquiry4 ,z reg>ds ! geological indications ( age1 ! be/ au?ority seems to po9t to ! fir/ appe>ance ( man 9 ! po/-glacial times3 t is to say1 t ! gravels 9 :i* ! palaeoli?ic implem5ts are f\nd 7 deposit$ by ! action ( fre% wat] aft] ! great glacial p]iod1 :51 at any rate1 ,nor!rn ,europe1 a great "p ( ,russia1 all ,sc&9avia1 & "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7 cov]$ ) icefields1 ! great glaci]s ( :i* left _! m>k 9 ! num]\s scoop+s out ( rav9es & lake b$s & 9 ! rais+ ( banks & m\nds1 ! deposit ( b\ld]s1 & ! /riation ( rocks 9 situ1 :i* s _m di/ricts exhibit4 ,! few in/ances 9 :i* attempts h be5 made1 9 ,italy or else:]e1 to argue = a plioc5e man 7i4e4 9 ! upp]mo/ gr\p ( ! t]ti>y7 h end$ 9 failure1 at lea/ 9 ! m9ds ( mo/ naturali/s compet5t to judge4 ,"o ( ! mo/ typical in/ances ( ! position ( ! implem5t age has be5 discov]$ by ,fraas at ,%ss5ri$ 9 ,suabia2 "h ! rema9s ( tools & ! bones ( animals 7probably kill$ = food7 7 f\nd 9 holes made 9 ! glacial dbris4 ,b "h1 aga91 x is impossible to say :5 ?is glacial age t]m9at$1 & :e!r man might n h be5 liv+ 9 o!r m fav\r$ p>ts :ile x 0 :olly or p>tially cont9u+4 ,9 ,sc&9avia no palaeoli?ic /one implem5ts h be5 f\nd1 f :i* x may be inf]r$ t ! glacial p]iod cont9u$ !re dur+ ! ages :5 palaeoli?ic man hunt$ & dwelt 9 caves 9 ! o!r c\ntries :]e 8 rema9s occur4 ,! be/ au?orities d n suppose t ! m5 orig9at$ 9 ! localities :]e ! tools are f\nd2 & !re is s little kn[n ab\t ! geology ( ,c5tral ,asia 7= example7 t x is impossible to say :e!r tribes may n h w&]$ f "s o!r places n affect$ by ! glaciation we h spok5 (4 ,aga91 ! gravels & brick e>?s conta9+ ! tools are j ( ! k9d :i* defy attempts to say h[ long x took to deposit & arrange !m4 ,x may be tak5 z c]ta91 t aft] ! "o age ceas$ & ! fir/ m5 appe>$1 ! b$s 9 :i* _! relics occur h be5 rais$ viol5tly1 & aga9 depress$ & subject$ to great flu%es & floods ( wat]4 ,! caves h be5 upheav$1 & ! gravels are f\nd *iefly along ! valleys ( our pres5t riv]s1 b at a mu* high] level1 %[+ t !re 0 bo? a high] level ( ! soil itself & a mu* great] volume ( wat]4 ,! ,/raits ( ,dov] 7 =m$ dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,b none ( ^! *anges requir$ a v long "t2 & if we c trace back ! lat] /one age1 :i* %[s rema9s ( pott]y & o!r pro(s ( great] civilization1 to ! dawn ( ! hi/oric p]iod n m ?an #djjj or #ejjj ye>s ago1 !re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ! *anges :i*1 z we h /at$1 int]v5$ betwe5 ! palaeoli?ic & neoli?ic p]iods1 t ne$ h occupi$ m ?an a ?\s& or two ( ye>s4 ,upheavals ( /rata & disruptions may be ! "w ( b a %ort "t1 or !y may be m gradual4 ,& z to ! effect ( wat]1 t dep5ds on its volume & velocity2 no c]ta9 rule c be giv54 ,our own direct exp]i5ce %[s t v great *anges may take place 9 a few hundr$ ye>s4 ,! e/u>ies1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,pattison1#a ar\nd our s\?-ea/]n coa/1 :i* h be5 fill$ up 9 hi/orical times1 "s )9 ! la/ sev5 hundr$ ye>s to a height ( ?irty feet f _! sea-level1 by ! gradual accumulation ( soil1 n[ look l solid e>? 9 no way diff]+ f ! f> old] l& adjo9+4 ,! h>b\rs out ( :i* our ,plantag5et k+s sail$ are n[ firm1 well-timb]$ l&4 ,! sea-*annel ?r\gh :i* ! ,romans sail$ on _! c\rse to ! ,?ames1 at ,?anet1 is n[ a puny fre%-wat] dit*1 ) banks app>5tly z old z ! hills4 ,9 ,b$e's days1 9 ! n9? c5tury1 x 0 a sea-*annel ?ree furlongs wide4 ,footnote #a3 ,age & ,orig9 ( ,man--,pres5t-,day ,tract ,s]ies4 ,?us we are 9 complete unc]ta9ty z to ! date ( ! palaeoli?ic man1 or z to ! "t necess>y to effect ! *anges 9 ! surface ( ! e>? :i* int]v5$ betwe5 x & ! lat] /one ages4 ,b !re is no?+ :i* conflicts ) ! possibility t ! :ole may h occurr$ )9 "s #h1jjj ye>s4 ,= ! supposition ( ,mons4 ,gabriel ,mortillet t man has exi/$ = #bcj1jjj ye>s1 !re is nei!r evid5ce nor probability4 ,8 !ory is d]iv$ f an assumption t ! geologic *anges allud$ to occupi$ an imm5se "t2 & ! fur!r assumption 7if possible /ill m unw>rant$7 t ! old race :i* us$ ! *ipp$ /one tools rema9$ /ation>y = a v long p]iod1 & v gradually improv$ its tools & ultimately pass$ into ! neoli?ic /age :5 ! art ( pott]y became kn[n1 h[ev] rudely4 ,b1 9 po9t ( fact1 we are n requir$ by our belief 9 ,scripture to f9d any date = ! orig9 ( man1 at lea/ n )9 any mod]ate limits 7n ext5d+ to scores ( ?\s&s ( ye>s74 ,! ,bible 0 n int5d$ to enable u to con/ruct a complete sci5ce ( geology or an?ropology1 & ! utmo/ t c be got out ( ! text is t a date c be sugge/$ 7n prov$7 = "o p>ticul> family 7t ( ,adam7 by c\nt+ up ! g5]ations allud$ to 9 ,holy ,writ be=e ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,b ^! are manife/ly record$ 9 a brief & epitomiz$ =m2 nor d all ! v]sions agree4 ,we may well believe t a wat*ful ,provid5ce has tak5 c>e ( ! record ( inspiration1 b we "k x has be5 done by human & ord9>y ag5cy4 ,! ,bible is ,god's gift to 8 ,*ur*1 & ! ,*ur* has be5 made 9 all ages ! keep] ( x4 ,n[ 9 ! matt] ( e>ly dates & numb]s1 an unanim\s v]sion has n be5 kept4 ,accord+ to ! con/ruction adopt$ 9 ! ,septuag9t1 ! creation ( ,adam w\ld g back #g1eag ye>s1 :ile ! ,vulgate gives #f1jfg ye>s4 ,dr4 ,hale's computation makes #g1bid ye>s1 & ! ,us%]ian #e1ifg2a ! ,sam>itan v]sion is1 ,i believe1 fur!r diff]5t f ei!r4 ,z x is1 ! facts %[ no?+ inconsi/5t ) an approximation to ^! sev]al p]iods4 ,z to any absolute date = ! appe>ance ( man z a species1 no calculation is possible1 because ( a c]ta9 d\bt1 :i* no "o c pret5d to resolve1 z to :e!r ! ,scriptures d ass]t ! creation ( all mank9d at any "o p]iod4 ,if1 ow+ to m positive discov]ies 9 ! future compell+ u to put fur!r back ! date ( man's fir/ appe>ance ^u e>?1 we h to suppose a beg9n+ be=e ! "t ( ,adam1 we are rem9d$ t !re is an allusion 9 ! six? *apt] ( ! book call$ ,g5esis to ! sons ( ,god & ! daught]s ( m54 ,n[ ?is passage _c conceivably ref] to angels2 nor c we ignore its exi/5ce1 h[ev] d\btful we may feel z to its mean+4#b ,footnote #a3 ,i take ^! figures f ,mr4 ,r4,s4 ,pattison4 ,footnote #b3 ,! text :i* speaks ( ,god mak+ ( "o blood all nations = to dwell on ! face ( ! e>?1 w\ld naturally apply to ! races exi/+ :5 ! speak] utt]$ ! words3 x w\ld be z unreasonable to press su* a text into ! s]vice ( any !ory ( ! creation ( man1 z x 0 absurd = ! ,inquisition to suppose t ! ,psalmi/1 :5 ass]t+ t ,god _h made ! r\nd _w s fa/ t x c\ld n be mov$1 0 contradict+ ! fact ( ! e>?'s revolution r\nd ! sun4 ,x c h>dly be d5i$ t su* a text op5s out ! possibility ( an e>li] race ?an t ( ,adam2 9 t case ! creation ( ,adam w\ld be detail$ z ! creation ( ! direct prog5itor ( ,noah1 ^: ?ree sons /ill give names 79 e?nological language7 to ! ma9 great races ( ! e>?1 ) :om exclusively ! ,bible hi/ory is conc]n$1 & especially z ! direct prog5itor ( t race ( :om came ! ,israelites1 & 9 due "t ! promis$ se$--! ,messiah4 ,i d n say ?is is s1 nor ev5 t ,i accept ! view = my own "p2 ,i only allude to ! possibility1 )\t ignor+ any ( ! difficulties--none ( :i*1 h[ev]1 are insup]able--:i* ga!r r\nd x4 ,x is c]ta9ly a v rem>kable fact t all ab\t ?is region 9 :i* ! ,semitic race orig9at$1 traditions ( ,creation some:at resembl+ ! acc\nt 9 ,g5esis1 ! in/itution ( a week ( sev5 days1 & a ,sabba? or day ( re/ f lab\r1 exi/$ f v e>ly times2 & ) ^! traditions1 a belief 9 di/9ct races1 "o ( :i* own$ a special connection )1 or relation to1 ! ,creator4 ,"h ,i may appeal to ! "w ( ,mr4 ,george ,smi? & 8 discov]ies ( tablets f ! anci5t libr>ies ( ,assyria4 ,orig9ally1 ! c\ntry to :i* ,i h allud$ consi/$ ( ,assyria 9 ! c5tre & ,babylonia to ! s\?2 :ile to ! ea/ ( ,assyria 0 a c\ntry p>tly pla9 & p>tly hill1 :i* =m$ ! pla9 ( ,%9> & ! hills beyond occupi$ by ,accadian tribes1 f ^: *ief city1 ,ur1 ,abraham1 ! =efa!r ( ! ,jews1 emigrat$4 ,! ,assyrian docum5ts are copies ( ,babylonian orig9als1 b ! ,babylonian k+dom itself 0 a ,semitic "o f\nd$ on ! ru9s ( an e>li] population1 ! inhabitants ( ! pla9 ( ,%9> & ! m\nta9s beyond4 ,"s "t betwe5 #cjjj & #bjjj ,b4,c4 ! ,semitic conqu]ors ( ,babylonia took possession ( ! pla9s1 & "s "t lat] conqu]$ also ! ,accadian m\nta9e]s4 ,! ,babylonians possess$ & translat$ ! old ,accadian records3 ! ,assyrian tablets are mo/ly1 b n all1 copies1 aga91 ( ! ,babylonian transcripts4 ,! celebrat$ ,creation tablets1 :i* conta9 an acc\nt closely correspond+ to ,g5esis1 are among ^? :i* 7 n copi$ f ,accadian orig9als2 & !y d n date fur!r back ?an ! reign ( ,assur-bani-pal1 ! ,s>danapalus ( ! ,greeks2 :o reign$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,!y may !re=e be d]iv$ f ! ,bible1 n ! ,bible f !m4 ,x w\ld seem f "s e>li] 7,accadian7 tablets1 t a diff]5t acc\nt ( ! ,creation exi/$ among !m4 ,b ?\gh x is d\btful h[ f> ! ,accadians _h pres]v$ ?is acc\nt1 or at lea/ _h o!rs along ) x1 !y _h a sev5 days week & a ,sabba?4 ,all ?is po9ts to "o orig9al tradition1 :i* specifi$ days ( creation & a ,sabba?1 ?\gh x got alt]$ & di/ort$1 s t ! true acc\nt 0 pres]v$ z "o among _m local v>iations4 ,?is goes to prove ! imm5se antiquity ( ! /ory1 :i* is n affect$ by ! fact t ! actual inscription ( x :i* we at pres5t h1 dates only ab\t #fgj ,b4,c4 ,! po9t "h1 h[ev]1 int]e/+ 9 ! leg5ds1 is t !y conta9$ ! idea ( a special connection ( "o p>ticul> race ) ! ,creator1 & ( o!r races1 or ( "o o!r race1 besides4 ,z f> z ! possibility ( br++ =w>d ! hi/ory ( mank9d z any aid to ! !ory ( ,evolution is conc]n$1 ,i might h v well let ! subject alone1 or ev5 notic$ x m briefly ?an ,i h done4 ,=1 9 tru?1 !re is no evid5ce :atsoev]1 & all t ! d5i] ( creation c resort to is a suppos$ analogy & a probability t ! peculi>ities ( man c\ld be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is way or 9 t4 ,b ! ma9 purpose ( my brief allusion is to introduce ! fact t1 z f> z any evid5ce to ! contr>y goes1 we h an absolutely sudd5 appe>ance ( man on ! sc5e1 & no k9d ( transitional =m4 ,n only s1 b !re is no trace ( any gradual developm5t ( man :5 he did appe>4 ,!re 0 ! fir/ palaeoli?ic man2 !n a consid]able geologic p]turbation ( ! e>?'s surface1 result+ 9 ! upheaval ( ! cliffs 9 :i* ! caves ( rema9s occur1 & 9 ! alt]ation ( ! gravel b$s 9 :i* ! human rema9s are f\nd2 & !n ! neoli?ic age1 ) its evid5tly great] civilization 7z evid5c$ by pott]y1 c47 connect$ ) e>ly & traditional1 b /ill ) rec5t1 hi/ory2 b no trace ( any developm5t ( "o race into ! o!r4 ,! abs5ce ( all progressive *ange is =cibly indicat$ by ! measurem5ts ( anci5t skulls1 :i*1 ?\gh n f\nd along ) ! fl9t tools1 h be5 f\nd else:]e4 ,x has be5 fully %[n t !y diff] 9 no respect f ! skulls ( m5 at ! pres5t day2 :ile ! skulls ( ! apes mo/ ne>ly an?ropoid1 or alli$ to ! human =m1 rema9 z widely sep>at$ 9 bra9-capacity z ev]4#a ,?us ! fact rema9s1 t no int]m$iate =m betwe5 ! ape & ! l[e/ man has be5 discov]$1 & t !re is no?+ l any progressive developm5t 9 ! races ( man4 ,^! facts1 tak5 toge!r ) :at has be5 br\ght =w>d 9 ! la/ *apt]1 %[ h[ completely ! !ory ( ! desc5t ( man breaks d[n2 h[ utt]ly unprov$ & unt5able is ! idea t he %\ld h be5 evolv$ by natural causes & by sl[ /eps f any l[] =m ( animal life4 ,footnote #a3 ,! gorilla has a bra9 size ( #cj4ea cubic in*es2 ! *impanzee & ourang-outang 79 ! males7 f #be4de to #bg4cd in*es4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,j4 ,b>n>d ,davis ! av]age ( ! l>ge/ class ( ,european skulls is #aaa4ii1 t ( ! ,au/ralian #ii4ce cubic in*es4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,x w naturally be ask$1 ,if !re is all ?is objection to "s p>ts ( ! !ory ( ,evolution1 or to t !ory 9 an extreme or absolute =m1 h[ is x t x has be5 s eag]ly accept$ 9 ! ranks ( sci5tific m58 ,! answ] is1 9 ! fir/ place1 because ! !ory ( ,evolution is to a great ext5t true4 ,:5 m5 speak ( controv]sy ) ! ,evolutioni/ & s =?1 !y ( c\rse mean su* z insi/ on c>ry+ ! doctr9e to a total & ev5 virul5t d5ial ( any ,div9e control at all4 ,& x mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be admitt$ t mu* ( ! !ological opposition (f]$ to ! doctr9e 0 aim$ at ?is aspect ( x4 ,at fir/1 m5 zeal\s = :at !y believ$ to be ,div9e tru?1 did n discrim9ate2 !y saw t ! !n new idea ( evolution 01 9 _m bran*es ( its application1 /ill v poorly prov$1 & !y conceiv$ t x c\ld n be accept$ ap>t f a total d5ial ( religion4 ,we h gr[n wis] 9 ! c\rse ( "t3 misconceptions h be5 swept away2 & ev]ybody may be cont5t ) ! assurance t !re is no necess>y connection ev51 f> less any antagonism1 betwe5 evolution & ! ,*ri/ian fai? at all4 ,we may admit all t is kn[n ( ! "o )\t d5y+ ! o!r4 ,:]e ! controv]sy has to be ma9ta9$ is1 t "s w insi/ 7l ,pr(essor ,hckel7 9 c>ry+ evolution beyond :at evid5ce w w>rant2 & n only s1 b w insi/ on polemically putt+ d[n all religion on ! /r5g? ( _! improv$ !ories4 ,if ,evolutioni/s compla9 ( ! treatm5t !y h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,!ologians1 !y w at lea/1 9 fairness1 admit t !re has be5 "s misconception1 "s error on bo? sides4 ,:at we ma9ta9 is1 t evolution 7i4e41 "h1 z always1 unlimit$1 uncontroll$ evolution7 /ill fails to acc\nt = _m facts 9 nature2 t we are /ill f> f hold+ any?+ l a complete s*eme 9 our h&s2 !re may be limits to ! wide circle ( progressive *anges1 to ! results ( developm5t1 ( :i* we are ignorant2 & !re is1 above all1 9 t mo/ important ( all que/ions--! desc5t ( man--an absolute want ( pro( ( animal desc5t 7i4e41 9 any s5se :i* includes ! s\l or spiritual faculties ( man74 ,h5ce t evolution 9 no way cla%es ) an intellig5t ,*ri/ian belief4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i w\ld c>efully avoid und]valu+ ! s]vices :i* ! evolution !ory has r5d]$1 & is r5d]+1 to sci5ce4 ,ev5 9 its fir/ =m z a m]e hypo!sis1 x 0 an em95tly sugge/ive "o2 !re 0 f ! fir/ q tru? en\gh 9 x to make x fruitful1 & _m work+ hypo!ses h be5 imm5sely useful 9 sci5ce1 :i* h 9 ! end be5 v l>gely modifi$4 ,be=e ,d>w9's wond]fully accurate m9d & m>vell\s skill 9 collect+ & mak+ use ( facts1 turn$ ! curr5t ( natural sci5ce into ?is new *annel1 m5 seem$ to be )\t an aim = _! naturali/'s "w4 ,! savant1 = example1 procur$ an animal evid5tly ( ! cat tribe1 & ano!r species l a polecat4 ,he knew z a fact t ! fel9e tee? _h a c]ta9 /ructure1 & t ! d5tal =mula ( ! viv]r9e animals is diff]5t4 ,"h1 !n1 he c\ld di/+ui% & p]haps "n ! species2 b :at m 0 to be done8 ,all natural hi/ory z a /udy seem$ to end 9 classify+ & giv+ long names to plants & animals4 ,! ,evolution !ory at once gave x a new object4 ,:y is ! d5tal =mula ( ! viv]r9ae diff]5t8 ,:at purpose has ! long spur 9 ! fl[] ( ,angraecum1 or ! m>vell\s bucket ( ,coryan!s1 ! flytrap ( ,dionaea1 ! pit*] ( ,nep5!s8 ,:at is ! cause1 :at is ! purpose1 :at is ! plan 9 ! s*eme ( nature1 ( ^! /ructures8 ,"u ! /imulus ( su* que/ions naturali/s woke up to new views ( classification1 to new exp]im5ts1 inquiries1 & to rese>* = facts & ! explanation ( facts1 9 all qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,no wond] t sci5ce rose1 "u su* an impulse1 z a butt]fly f its *rysalis4 ,b "s w n be satisfi$ ) any s*eme ! p>ts ( :i* are sep>at$1 or :i* admits ( any?+ unkn[n or unexpla9able4 ,!y want to unite all into "o gr& & simple :ole1 :i* glorifies _! own intellig5ce1 & does n =ce !m to humble pati5ce & wait+ = m light4 ,& !n ! fatal enmity ( ! human he>t--:i* is a pla9 fact1 an und5iable t5d5cy--delights to get rid ( ! idea ( ,god's ,sov]eignty1 ! humbl+ s5se t ev]y?+ is at ,8 absolute disposal1 & no?+ c\ld be b z ,he wills x4 ,x seems s satisfactory to elim9ate all ext]nal my/]i\s p[]1 to make ! :ole totus t]es atque rotundus--hav+ />t$ ! great ma*9e ( be+ someh[ to see x all exp& & unroll ( itself & advance to ! end4 ,imag9ation leaps ! *asms1 m9imizes ! difficulties1 passes f ! possible to ! c]ta91 f ! may h be5 to ! mu/ h be5 & to x 0 s1 &1 fasc9at$ ) ! complet5ess ( its s*eme1 comm5ces to d5\nce & revile z ignorant & unsci5tific all t w\ld1 calmly appeal to evid5ce1 & confess ignorance1 or at lea/ a susp5d$ judgm5t1 9 any /age :]e ! evid5ce is negative or incomplete4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ t m5 are s con/itut$ t complet5ess gives a special k9d ( satisfaction ( its own1 & a habit ( specially reg>d+ ! g5]al uni=mity ( nature begets a desire to assume its absolute & univ]sal uni=mity4 ,!re is a great my/]y und]ly+ life & ! plan 9 :i* ! animal =m1 ! organs ( sight1 he>+1 & ! re/1 run ?r\gh ! :ole creation3 &1 giv5 a my/]y1 !re is always ample room = speculation4 ,tak+ firm hold ( ! facts ( developm5t & v>iation1 ! extreme evolutioni/ is c>ri$ away ) ! idea ( hav+ ! same pr9ciple ?r\gh\t3 he is impati5t ( any l9e or any *eck2 he is !re=e prep>$ to ignore all difficulties1 to hope aga9/ hope = ! discov]y ( to him necess>y--b1 alas1 non-exi/5t--int]m$iate =ms1 till at la/ he comes to d5y1 n only 8 ,god1 b 8 own s\l1 z a spiritual & supra-physical entity4#a ,footnote #a3 ,^? :o want a specim5 ( ! way 9 :i* extreme evolutioni/s w romance 7x c be call$ no?+ else7 w d well to read ,dr4 ,hckel's ,hi/ory ( ,creation1 only !y mu/ be on _! gu>d at e /ep4 ,! au?or con/antly /ates z facts 7or1 p]haps1 ) an impati5t mu/ h be57 ! exi/5ce ( purely hypo!tical =ms1 ( :i* !re is no k9d ( evid5ce4 ,to su* ends does ! love ( complet5ess lead6 ,su* extremes are no "p ( true sci5ce1 & h nei!r help$ ! progress ( k1 nor advanc$ ! condition ( mank9d4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 let u he> no m ( a sweep+ condemnation ( ! !ory ( ,evolution z a :ole2 let u bew>e ( any insi/5ce on1 or assumption (1 ! suppos$ fact t ,god creat$ sep>ately--ready-made & complete--all kn[n animal =ms1 br++ !m up f ! gr\nd1 l ! arm$ m5 9 ! ,greek leg5d1 f ! dragon's tee?4 ,we h no m "r to dogmatize & assume a s*eme ( creation f a popul> & long-accept$ int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 ?an ! evolutioni/ has to ignore ! palpable evid5ces ( ,div9e guidance & design1 & con/ruct a !ory or organic be+ :i* ignores bo?4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,n>rative--,,its ,,importance4 ,we h n[ complet$ ! fir/ portion ( our inquiry3 !re rema9s ! second1 :i*1 to a l>ge class1 at any rate1 w appe> ( n less importance4 ,= ! ,scriptures1 :i* !y h be5 taught to tru/1 conta9 a brief b direct & positive /atem5t reg>d+ ,creation1 z well z num]\s o!r less direct allusions to ! subject1 all 7z f> z ,i "k7 9 unque/ion$ h>mony ) ! fir/4 ,is ! acc\nt 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis true8 ,x is necess>y to answ] ?is "q1 because1 ev5 if a g5]al belief 9 an ,almighty ,au?or & ,design] ( all ?+s is %[n to be reasonable1 /ill ! ,scripture ought surely to support ! belief2 & x w\ld be /range if1 :5 we came to te/ x on ?is subject1 we f\nd its pr(ess$ explanations w\ld n /& be+ confront$ ) ! facts4 ,no "o w1 ,i ?9k1 d5y t ! "q is important4 ,writ]s ( ! anti-!ological s*ool /ill cont9ue to insi/ on ! falsity ( ! ,mosaic n>rative1 z if ! error 0 n yet suffici5tly sla91 & 0 important en\gh to be attack$ aga9 & aga94 ,& !ological writ]s1 d[n to ! mo/ mod]n1 cont9ue to expla9 ! text 9 "o way or ano!r2--besides1 !y admit ! importance1 "u any circum/ances4 ,i d n =get t !re is a s*ool ( ?\ght1 :i* is di/9ctly ,*ri/ian 9 its pr(ession1 b does n all[ ! importance4 ,x w\ld reg>d ! n>rative z address$ to ,jews only1 & !re=e z "o :i* does n conc]n u4 ,if t 0 all1 x w\ld n be ne$ful = me to discuss ! position4 ,b x has be5 held1 n only t ! n>rative does n conc]n u1 b also t x is c]ta9ly inaccurate4 ,?is view ,i _c adopt3 x seems n q fair to ourselves1 & n q fair to ! ,jews4 ,let me expla9 :at ,i mean4 ,if we h no?+ to d ) ! n>rative1 let u ab/a9 equally f def5d+ x or pron\nc+ x wrong--t is = ourselves4 ,z to ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 a little m mu/ be said4 ,let u admit1 at any rate = argum5t's sake1 t ! sep>ation betwe5 ! ,jewi% =mal & c]emonial religion & ,*ri/ianity is z wide z c be wi%$4 ,nor w\ld ,i und]value ! importance ( insi/+ on pure ,*ri/ianity1 z di/9ct f ,judaism4 ,&1 fur!r1 let u 7)\t any "q z to ultimate objects7 reg>d ! n>rative z prim>ily address$ to ,jews1 & let u admit t x may h be5 unimportant1 = ! purpose ( ! fir/ /eps 9 ,div9e k1 t any acc\nt %\ld be giv5 ( ,creation beyond ! prim>y fact t all idolatr\s cosmogonies 7 false1 & t ! ,unse5 ,god ( ,israel alone made ! heav5s & ! e>? 9 ! beg9n+4 ,:y %\ld ! ,jews h receiv$ t tru? ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a /ory ( :i* ! :ole framework 0 false1 & no?+ b ! moral true8 ,! framework1 moreov]1 is "o s pla9ly pr(ess+ to be fact1 t x 0 c]ta9 to be receiv$ z su* by a simple p4 ,x seems to me t !re is some?+ v suspici\s1 some?+ repugnant to notions ( tru? & hone/ deal+1 9 ! possible communication ( und]ly+ ,div9e tru? ?r\gh ! m$ium ( /ories1 :i* are n /ories on ! face ( !m1 b pr(ess & pret5d to be /atem5ts ( fact & au?oritatively made4 ,b1 fur!r1 x _c be d5i$ t1 :atev] all[ance may h to be made "u ! e>ly ,jewi% disp5sation = ! ideas & weaknesses ( a semi-b>b>\s p1 :atev] w9k+ !re may h be5 at times ( ignorance1 ! ma9 object 01 by a gradual revelation1#a by a sy/em ( typical ord9ances & c]emonies1 to lead up to ! full spiritual light ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,ev]y?+ writt51 said1 or done1 0 a /ep--h[ev] small an "o--always t5d+ 9 ! "o direction1 accord+ to ! usual law ( ,evolution4 ,! ,*ri/ian believ] may !n look back to ! e>ly /ages z imp]fect =e%ad[+s & dim illu/rations ( ! :ole tru?2 b he w\ld1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 on any ord9>y pr9ciples1 be %ock$ to f9d tru? develop$ out ( positive error4 ,& %\ld ! error h be5 discov]$1 z x n[ is#b 79 ! view ( ^! ,i am cont5d+ aga9/71 ?is discov]y might h arre/$ ! fur!r developm5t ( ,div9e tru? altoge!r4 ,if ,moses1 or :oev] wrote ! ,book ( ,g5esis--we w n cavil at t--0 all[$ to compose 8 own fancies or beliefs on ! subject ( ,creation1 & to /ate !m z ,div9e fact 7no matt] t ! read] at ! "t 0 n able to f9d out ! error71 w\ld n grave suspicion atta* to :atev] else he put =w>d8 ,:o c\ld tell t1 on any o!r subject1 ! pla9e/ & mo/ direct /atem5t ( fact 0 n equally a fancy1 only embody+ or en%r9+ 7"u ! guise ( its errors7 "s real ,div9e facts8 ,if ,g5esis i4 is unreliable1 we h a case ( a writ] go+ out ( 8 way to add to c]ta9 tru?s1 :i* might easily h be5 /at$ by !mselves1 a numb] ( positive decl>ations1 z ( ,div9e au?ority1 reg>d+ facts1 :i* are n facts4 ,footnote #a3 ,i am n aw>e ( any au?ority1 liv+ or dead1 :o has gone s f> z to d5y t ,god's revelation to ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 0 9 any way connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity2 t x 0 n ev5 a /age ( progress1 or prep>atory /ep t[>ds ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,footnote #b3 ,& 0 sure to be soon] or lat]1 :5 a sci5ce ( ,biology & ,palaeontology became possible4 ,! great tru?s t ,god is really ! ,mak] & ,au?or ( all ?+s1 & t man has a spiritual be+1 & s =?1 surely ga9 no?+ f be+ convey$ to ! _w 9 ! folds ( a fable4 ,& :5 x is n 9 a confess$ fable1 b a fable put =? z fact--,god said1 ,god creat$1 x 0 s--n only is !re no ga91 b our s5se ( fitness & ( tru? receive a %ock4 ,a p>able is always disc]nible z a p>able1 a vision z a vision4 ,:5 our ,"l1 = example1 tells u ( ! t5 virg9s1 we d n suppose ,him to be reveal+ ! actual exi/5ce ( t5 su* maid5s1 wise & fooli%4 ,we "k t ,he is read+ a lesson ( wat*fulness4 ,b look+ at ! ,g5esis n>rative1 :o c\ld suppose x to be a p>able8 ,if sob]1 unmi/akable /atem5t ( fact is possible1 we surely h x "h1 9 int5tion1 at lea/4 ,! plan ( tea*+ tru? 9 an envelope ( error is p] se difficult to conceive4 ,b h[ mu* worse is x :5 we consid]--:at crit]ion does mank9d possess = dis9t]r+ & di/+ui%+ ! elem5ts ( tru?8 ,if 9 religion we _h only to d 7z "s w\ld p]haps cont5d7 ) obvi\s en=cem5ts ( common morality & k9dness1 !re might be a possibility ( gett+ ov] ! difficulty1 because man w\ld possess "s k9d ( crit]ion :]eby to di/+ui% :at 0 fictiti\s1 by ! simple process ( consid]+ :e!r any giv5 /atem5t bore on morals or n4 ,su* a te/ w\ld n inde$ g v f>1 because ! human race is by no means agre$ on all moral que/ions2 nor does x always f9d x easy to say :at is1 & :at is n1 directly or indirectly connect$ ) morals4 ,b1 9 fact1 ! scope ( religion _c be s conf9$3 & !n ! difficulty returns2 = a revelation t tells u any?+ ( ! nature ( ,god & ,8 me?od ( gov]nm5t1 ( ! nature ( our own be+ & ( a future /ate1 mu/ necess>ily g beyond our own e?ical k & p[]s ( judg+1 or x w\ld n be a revelation4 ,suppos+ t ! revelation reg>d+ su* vital subjects is occasionally convey$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( errone\s /atem5ts1 :]e 9 any giv5 case w\ld be ! c]ta9ty z to :at 0 ,div9e tru?1 & :at n s8 ,?is argum5t applies equally to ano!r s*ool ( ?9k]s1 :o d n c>e to tell u :at ! n>rative 9 itself means3 :o believe t ,god did n d :at ,he is said to h done 9 ,g5esis1 & yet :o hold t ! n>rative is 9 a s5se inspir$1 & t we may le>n f x ! great facts t ,god 7& none o!r7 orig9at$ all ?+s--t man has a spiritual elem5t 9 8 nature1 & t woman is equal 9 nature1 b subord9ate 9 position1 to man1 & s =?4 ,n only is enlight5$ judgm5t1 ev51 inadequate to pron\nce ) c]ta9ty on h[ mu* is true2 b ! /range feel+ /ill rema9s1 if ,god design$ to tea* u ^! tru?s only1 :y 0 x n possible to enable ! writ]#a to /ate !m )\t ! 7purely gratuit\s7 error8 ,! suff]ance ( su* a /range & unnecess>y mixture ( error seems r l t putt+ to confusion ( ! human m9d1 :i* we feel sure ! ,great ,tea*] w\ld nev] will+ly p]petrate4 ,footnote #a3 ,= on ! supposition /at$1 !re is a revelation 9 ! text4 ,nor c\ld any class ( believ] d5y ?is4 ,x is entirely unnecess>y to def9e ! k9d & ext5t ( insphation4 ,b all ,scripture is '!opneu/os'--,i leave ! ^w purposely untranslat$ 7#b ,tim4 iii4 #af72 t surely means t ! ,div9e ,_s ex]cis$ "s k9d ( cont9u\s control ov] ! writ]s4 ,nor1 aga91 c ! n>rative be got ov] by say+ x is a poetic side or aspect ( ! facts1 & n to be tak5 lit]ally4 ,if any "o kn[s exactly :at ?is means1 & c tell u always h[ to translate ! matt] into pla9 language1 x is to be wi%$ t he w\ld enlight5 ! _w z to ! process4 ,b ev5 if su* process exi/s infallibly & univ]sally1 /ill1 "o w\ld suppose1 ! n>rative mu/1 to beg9 )1 be unmi/akable poetry4 ,& "h1 aga91 ! n>rative be>s e m>k ( an int5tion to /ate facts1 n poetic aspects ( facts4 ,nor c we take ! n>rative z belong+ to a famili> class 9 ,scripture :]e a dream is us$ z a vehicle ( communication4 ,9 ^? cases !re is really no room = d\bt2 ! visible facts !mselves are obvi\sly design$ only to typify or repres5t "s o!r facts4 ,! ev5ts /at$ 9 ,g5esis are n ( ?is class4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o w\ld be cont5t ) gett+ ov] ! n>rative )\t c>+ = its details1 c1 ,i mu/ suspect1 h h>dly giv5 adequate att5tion to ! =m & to ! cont5ts ( ! n>rative z x /&s4 ,n only are ! /atem5ts positive1 b1 tak+ any int]pretation :atev] ( !m1 !y are n ne>ly imag9ative en\gh to suit ! purpose4 ,!y h an obvi\s am\nt ( relation to fact :i* has nev] be5 d5i$4#a ,if ! n>rative is purely human ev5 7& t ! s*ool we are consid]+ d n av]71 h[ did ! writ] come to be accurate ev5 to t ext5t8 ,take only ! ord] ( ev5ts4 ,i admit x does n correspond ) ! geologic record 9 ! way commonly ass]t$2 yet x has a v rem>kable relation to t sequ5ce4 ,n[1 9 any case1 ! writ] c\ld h _h no k ( any k9d ( 8 own on ! subject3 h[ did he hit on ?is p>ticul> arrangem5t8#b ,x is a m]e matt] ( calculation on ! well-kn[n rules ( p]mutation & comb9ation to realize 9 h[ _m diff]5t ways ! same set ( ev5ts c\ld h be5 arrang$2 ! numb] is v consid]able4 ,& he c\ld d]ive no assi/ance f any simil> exi/+ n>rative4 ,if we conclude f ! ,assyrian discov]ies t a non-biblical b simil> n>rative exi/$1 /ill x is c]ta9 t ! pr9cipal "o we z yet h is s late 9 date1 t x is m likely to be d]iv$ f ! ,bible ?an ! ,bible f x4 ,& ?\gh1 on ref]r+ to ! e>li] tablets1 we f9d traces ( ! same n>rative1 x is s obscur$ by idolatr\s & false details1 t ! ,bible writ] mu/ h _h to make a virtually new dep>ture to get 8 own simple n>rative4 ,a re-revelation w\ld be requir$4 ,z to all o!r cosmogonies1 ,egyptian1 ,indian1 & ,buddhi/ic1 no?+ c be m oppos$ 9 pr9ciple & 9 detail ?an !y are to ! sev]e & /ately simplicity & directness ( ! ,mosaic4 ,footnote #a3 ,n ev51 = example1 by ,pr(essor ,hckel4 ,footnote #b3 ,h[1 = example1 did ! writ] come to introduce ! adju/m5t ( h\rs ( daylight & seasons 9 ! middle1 aft] s mu* "w _h be5 done8 ,h[ did he come to place birds along ) fi% & wat] mon/]s1 & n sep>ately8 ,we _c1 !n1 acc\nt = ! n>rative on human gr\nds2 nor c we suppose t any inspir+ control w\ld h giv5 ! au?or s mu* tru?1 & yet all[$ s mu* error4 ,all ?is po9ts to only "o ( two possible conclusions3 ei!r ! n>rative is n inspir$ at all1 & is a m]e mislead+ /ory1 into :i* ! "n ( ,god is introduc$ by ! au?or's piety--& s really tea*es u no?+1 s9ce x is n revelation2 or ! n>rative is1 z a :ole1 div9ely dictat$1 & mu/ be true ?r\gh\t1 if we c only arrive by due /udy at its true mean+4 ,t "p ( x is1 or may be1 true1 ev5 on ! mo/ cursory /udy1 is n d5i$2 t x is all true w appe>1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! sequel4 ,b !re is a %ort] & simpl] reason :y ! rejection ( ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis w\ld be a direct bl[ to ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! pla9 tru? is t x c h>dly be d5i$1 by any c&id /ud5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t our ,"l & ,8 apo/les c]ta9ly receiv$ ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis z ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,?is has always be5 p]ceiv$ by ! :ole s*ool ( writ]s oppos$ to ! ,fai?4 ,!y !re=e cont9ue to attack ^! e>ly revelations1 & rejoice to ov]turn !m if !y c1 because !y are aw>e t h>dly any *apt]s 9 ! ,bible are m con/antly allud$ to & made ! f\ndation ( practical argum5ts by our ,"l & ,8 apo/les4 ,if ^! *apt]s c be %[n to be my?ical1 !n ! ,div9e k ( our ,"l z ! ,son ( ,god1 & ! inspiration ( ,8 apo/les1 are call$ 9 "q4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 especially1 !re are repeat$ & /rik+ allusions to ,adam1 ! temptation ( ! woman by ! ,s]p5t1 & ! entrance into ! _w ( s9 & dea?4 ,our ,"l ,himself places ! :ole argum5t ( ,8 tea*+ on m>riage & ! p]missibility ( divorce on ,g5esis ii4 #bd 7cf4 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 & ,/4 ,m>k x474 ,9 ,/4 ,john viii4 #dd our ,"l cle>ly alludes to ! ,ed5ic n>rative :5 ,he speaks ( ! tempt] z a manslay] 7,greek3 an?ropoktonos7 f ! beg9n+4 ,/ill m rem>kable is ! argum5t ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ,romans v42 altoge!r bas$ z x is on ! hi/orical v]ity ( ! acc\nt ( ! ,fall2 & o!r allusions are to be f\nd 9 #a ,cor4 xi4 #h1 9 #b ,cor4 xi4 #c1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & else:]e4 ,9 %ort1 !re are at lea/ sixty-six passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ! fir/ elev5 *apt]s ( ,g5esis are directly quot$ or made ! gr\nd ( argum5t4 ,( ^!1 six are by our ,"l ,himself1 two be+ direct quotations2#a six by ,/4 ,pet]1 ?irty-eight by ,/4 ,paul1 sev5 by ,/4 ,john1 "o by ,/4 ,james1 two by ,/4 ,jude1 two by ! assembl$ apo/les1 ?ree by ,/4 ,luke1 & "o by ,/4 ,/eph54 ,footnote #a3 ,/4 ,matt4 xix4 #d2 ,/4 ,luke xvii4 #bg2 & p]haps we might add a ?ird--,/4 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ce4 ,we _c1 9 fact1 possibly avoid ! conclusion t our ,"l & ,8 apo/les admitt$ ! ,div9e orig9 & hi/orical tru? ( ^! *apt]s4 ,!re=e1 we are b\nd z ,*ri/ians to accept !m1 & t )\t gloss+ or fritt]+ away _! mean+1 :5 we h arriv$1 by j processes1 at :at t mean+ really is4 ,! fact j /at$ fur!r w>ns u aga9/ accept+ an indef9ite int]pretation :i*1 :ile x ackn[l$ges ! tru? ( ! g5]al conclusion1 /ill virtually1 if n 9 s _m words1 all[s t ! details may be :olly inaccurate4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,scripture ,,me?ods ,,( ,,revelation4 ,pass+1 !n1 to a consid]ation ( ! explanations ( ! n>rative t may be or h be5 giv5 at v>i\s times1 ,i w\ld fir/ call att5tion to ! fact1 t x seems 9 _m in/ances to h be5 ! di/9ct purpose ( ,div9e inspiration to all[ ! mean+ ( "s passages to be obscure2 p]haps among o!r reasons1 t m5 might be compell$ to /udy closely1 to reason & to comp>e1 & ?us to become m m9utely acqua9t$ ) ! record4 ,especially 9 a case ( ?is sort1 :]e ! _w's k ( ! facts w\ld necess>ily be gradual1 0 x desirable t ! n>rative %\ld be conf9$ 9 scope1 & capable ( be+ work$ out & expla9$ by ! light ( lat] discov]ies2 because1 _h ! n>rative really 7z has long be5 suppos$7 be5 reveal$ to tell u :at 0 ! actual c\rse ( evolution ( creat$ =ms on e>?1 x w\ld n only h occupi$ a disproportionate space 9 ! sacr$ volume1 b w\ld h be5 un9telligible to ! _w = _m c5turies1 & w\ld h giv5 rise to mu* d\bt+ & false argum5t1 to ! great detrim5t ( m5's spiritual enlight5m5t4 ,x w\ld h div]t$ m5's m9ds f ! great moral & conclusion ( ! :ole 7& "h x is t ! moral or conclusion is s important7 to set !m argu+ on po9ts ( natural sci5ce4 ,! ,bible 0 nev] int5d$ 7s f> we may agree ) all ! s*ools ( ?\ght7 to be a text-book on biology or geology4 ,we ne$ r to be impress$ ) ! great facts ( ,god's ,sov]eignty & ,provid5ce1 & to "k def9itely t all ! arrangem5ts ( our globe & all =ms ( life are due to ,div9ely-creat$ types4 ,?is is exactly secur$ by ! n>rative z x /&s2 b su* a purpose w\ld n be s]v$ by a n>rative :i*1 :ile x conta9$ ^! great facts1 _h !m enwrapp$ 9 a tissue ( unnecess>y & false details4 ,& !re=e x is1 if ,i may s f> anticipate my conclusion1 t ! n>rative has no direct conc]n ) h[1 :51 & :]e1 ! ,creation sl[ly work$ itself out "u ! ,div9e guidance :i* is /ill elaborat+ ! great purpose ( ! ages2 x conf9es our att5tion to :at ,god1 ! great ,design]1 did & said 9 heav51 z prelim9>y to all t 0 to foll[ on e>?4 ,! =m] 0 n a prop] subject = revelation1 because man w\ld 9 "t come to le>n x by 8 /udies on e>?2 b ! latt] all ages c\ld only le>n--! fir/ z well z ! late/--f a ,div9e ,revelation4 ,aga91 let me address a few words to ^? :o are tempt$1 half unconsci\sly p]haps1 to ?9k t any l5g?y prelude & elaborate explanation ( ,g5esis mu/ condemn ! n>rative priori1 or be d]ogatory to ! dignity ( ,revelation4 ,:y ! n>rative %\ld be brief & concise ,i h j sugge/$4 ,t x ne$s explanation ( "s sort is inevitable1 because x mu/ be put into human language2 & directly su* language is employ$1 we come ^u su* t]ms z let !re be1 he creat$1 & days1 :i* d n always call =? ! same ideas 9 all m9ds4 ,x w n h escap$ ! att5tion ( any e>ne/ /ud5t1 t ,scripture has sev]al diff]5t me?ods ( describ+ ?+s s z to reveal !m to m54 ,?is1 a mom5t's reflection w enable u to expect4 ,h[ev] high & wond]ful ! ?+s to be /at$ are1 9 ord] to be br\ght )9 rea* ( human und]/&+ !y mu/ be express$ 9 t]ms ( human ?\ght & exp]i5ce2 & ^! are imp]fect & ess5tially inadequate4 ,h5ce x is1 t _m tru?s h to be br\ght be=e u 9 special or peculi> ways4 ,h[1 = in/ance1 are we told ( ! temptation & fall ( man8 ,h[ are we to und]/& :at 0 meant by ! ,tree ( ,life or ! ,tree ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil1 or by ! ,s]p5t speak+ & beguil+ ,eve8 ,we are at a great loss to give a precise explanation1 ?\gh ! practical mean+ is n difficult4 ,! facts may be none ! less true1 ?\gh f _! transc5d5tal "* x may h be5 necess>y to put !m d[n 9 my/]i\s1 possibly ev5 9 m]ely allegorical1 language4 ,ano!r in/ance ( ?is might be giv5 9 ! acc\nt ( ,satan 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l z describ$ 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 or ( ! ly+ ,_s describ$ by ,micaiah :5 prophesy+ be=e ,ahab4 ,x maybe t ^! n>ratives describe to u transactions 9 a _w beyond our own1 :i* c\ld only be convey$ to u 9 figures or 9 imp]fect =m4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul 0 caught up into ! ?ird heav51 he he>d unspeakable ?+s :i* x 0 n possible = him to utt]--! m$ium ( expression 0 want+4 ,div9e or my/]i\s ?+s h1 !n1 to be describ$ 9 peculi> language :i* is n always easy to und]/&4 ,nor1 hav+ respect to ! v>y+ requirem5ts ( ! diff]5t ages1 or ! circum/ances ( ! "t & ( ! inspir$ writ]1 is x easy to und]/& :y any p>ticul> =m ( communication 0 select$1 ?\gh d\btless if we knew m we %\ld see a good reason = x4 ,?is gives u "o class ( ,scripture passages--( me?ods ( revelation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are 9 ,scripture _m facts ( ! highe/ import1 & 9 !mselves ( transc5d5t magnitude1 :i* are yet capable ( be+ /at$ )\t any possibility ( our int]pret+ or und]/&+ ! n>rative 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,:5 x is /at$ t ,*ri/ ,jesus rose f ! dead1 we "k beyond all reasonable d\bt :at is meant4 ,! fact may be true or false1 b ! n>rative ( ! fact ne$s no explanation2 !re are no t]ms :i* ne$ expansion--:i* c\ld be> m ?an "o possible mean+1 & :i* c\ld be us$ accord+ly 9 "o s5se or ano!r4 ,?is in/ances a second class4 ,aga91 we c br+ =w>d yet ano!r class ( ,scripture revelations1 namely1 passages :i* are necess>ily und]/ood ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 o!r matt]s :i* are unexpress$ b are tak5 = grant$1 or 9 :i* ! words us$ may be> m ?an "o mean+1 or a mean+ :i* is unc]ta9 or obscure4 ,if ! unexpress$ matt] c be suppli$ )\t d\bt1 !n all ages w agree 9 ! int]pretation2 & if ! t]ms c 7by ref]5ce to context or o!rwise7 be expla9$1 ! same result foll[s3 if n1 !n 9 int]pret+ ! n>rative1 ea* age w make its own assumption reg>d+ ! t]ms us$1 on ! basis ( su* k z x possesses4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 inevitably1 t if ! /ate ( k v>ies1 ! int]pretation w be diff]5t accord+ to ! diff]5t /&>d ( k1 accord+ to :i* ! necess>y assumptions are made4 ,& yet all ! :ile ! au?ority ( ! passage itself is n t\*$4 ,z x is unque/ionable t su* diff]5t classes ( passage d occur 9 ,scripture1 x is m]ely a "q ( criticism :e!r any giv5 passage is ( ?is class or t1 & :e!r its t]ms d admit ( or require explanation4 ,x is no d\bt possible to make mi/akes & to err by refus+ ! direct mean+1 & giv+ to ! t]ms an assum$ mean+ = :i* !re is no real necessity4#a ,we h always to be on our gu>d aga9/ giv+ special mean+s to words :]e !y are n requir$2 b grant$ t caution1 !re und\bt$ly are passages 9 :i* ei!r ! t]ms !mselves are n pla91 or 9 :i* !y may really h a mean+ diff]5t f ! ord9>y "o4 ,footnote #a3 ,z1 = example1 :]e p]sons desir\s to get ov] ! pla9 ref]5ce to ,baptism 9 ,/4 ,john iii4 #e1 try to expla9 away ! t]m wat] to mean some?+ metaphorically b n actually wat]4 ,to desc5d f ! g5]al to ! p>ticul>1 x is obvi\s t ! acc\nt ( ,creation 9 ,g5esis i41 ii4 is 9 su* a =m t we mu/ assume our own ideas ( ! t]m day !re9 employ$1 & also ^? to be atta*$ to creat$ & simil> t]ms4 ,9 e>ly times1 no "o w\ld take day to mean any?+ else b an e>? day ( ! ord9>y k9d1 & no "o w\ld "q :e!r or n ! :ole exi/+ animals & plants1 or _! ance/ors1 appe>$ on e>? 9 six su* days1 or :e!r any?+ else 0 meant4 ,aga91 by ! "t ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 writ+1 a little m k ( nature & a little m habit ( reason+ ab\t ! orig9 ( ?+s 0 9 ! _w1 & t k l$ p to suppose t creation meant only ! mak+ ( ?+s out ( no?+1 b t x w\ld take long] ?an six times twelve h\rs1 s t days might mean p]iods4 ,& p imag9$ = a long "t t--tak+ = an example ! "w 9 ! middle ( ! n>rative--!re 0 a "t :5 ! e>? em]g$ f ! tumult ( wat]s1 t x !n got cov]$ ) plants1 ! wat]s rema9+ b>r5 ( life2 b t :5 ! plants _h come up all ov] ! gr\nd1 !n ! wat]s all at once became full ( all sorts ( sea-%ells1 fi%1 & mon/]s ( ! deep1 & s on4 ,!y did all ?is1 by naturally assum+ t ! t]ms creation1 day1 c41 meant :at ! exi/+ /ate ( k at ! "t sugge/$4 ,at ! pres5t day1 "o w\ld h suppos$ t e "o mu/ feel t :ile ! t]m day might or might n admit ( explanation1 c]ta9ly creation 7i4e41 t]ms imply+ x7 did require v great c>e 9 int]pret+1 & v great consid]ation z to :at !y really meant ,b h[ev] t may be1 we h "h a passage :i* mu/ h an explanation2 & :i* mu/ h an explanation t dep5ds on ! /ate ( k4 ,! utility ( ,revelation is n negativ$ by ?is necess>y result ( ! employm5t ( human language 9 describ+ ! facts4 ,x 0 n necess>y be=e1 t all %\ld be und]/ood2 x may be n[ increas+ly necess>y 9 ! purposes ( ,god t x %\ld be4 ,at any rate ! fact is s1 t 9 =m] days p did n possess ! data = kn[+ fully :at creation meant1 & c]ta9ly !y d n[ possess x to a v mu* great] ext5t at lea/4 ,always m5 c\ld le>n f ! n>rative :at x always 0 important = !m to le>n1 namely1 ,god's ,sov]eignty & ,au?or%ip4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! value ( ! g5]al tea*+ ( ! n>rative comes out1 & n by try+ to all[ a mixture ( tru? & falsehood 9 ,revelation4 ,all is & always 0 true2 b all ! tru? 0 n equally extractable at all times4 ,aga93 ! dignity ( ! old writt5 ,revelation is n compromis$ because ,god has virtually giv5 a fur!r revelation 9 ,8 works1 i4e41 by enabl+ man to "k m ab\t ! rock-/rata & ! succession ( life on ! e>?4 ,t is :at x really comes to4 ,x %\ld nev] be =gott5 t ! book ( ,nature is a revelation4 ,! works ( ,god1 if int]pret$ truly1 are evid5ce ( ! same nature z ! ^w ( ,god if int]pret$ truly4 ,god has creat$ man & 8 reason4 ,x is impossible to suppose t x c be unrighte\s reason+ 9 ,god's sight1 to d]ive f ! facts ( nature any legitimate conclusion to :i* ^? facts po9t4 ,x is *ildi% to believe t ,god creat$ ready-made--if ,i may s speak--rocks ) fossils 9 !m1 m>ks ( ra9-drops %[+ :i* way ! w9d blew at ! "t1 foot-pr9ts ( birds1 animals ) rema9s ( ! prey !y _h be5 fe$+ on1 9 _! /oma*s1 & s =?4 ,x is p]fectly reasonable & "r to conclude c]ta9ly1 t ^? creatures 7 once liv+ be+s2 t ! surface ( ! e>? 0 once a s(t s$im5t :i* receiv$ ! impression ( ! ra9-drops z !y fell2 & t /ratifi$ rocks 7 deposit$ out ( lakes & seas1 z we see alluvial /rata deposit$ at ! pres5t day4 ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 t 7if we are n misl$ by appe>ances7 any well-asc]ta9$ fact c be contr>y to ! tru? ( ,god z expla9$ by ,revelation4 ,if we are n sure ( ! facts ( nature1 we mu/ wait pati5tly till fur!r k enlight5s u1 & mu/ n ha/ily conclude t ! ,bible is wrong4 ,! repeat$ corrections :i* successive ye>s h compell$ u to make 9 conclusions :i* 7 once firmly accept$ & proclaim$ z tru?s ( sci5ce1 %\ld tea* u caution 9 ?is respect4 ,nor1 la/ly1 is x any reproa* to ! ,*ur*1 z keep] ( ! ,div9e ,revelation1 t its op9ion ( c]ta9 passages %\ld v>y ) ! gr[? ( k4 ,x w\ld be h>dly necess>y to make ?is obvi\s rem>k b = ! fact t x has be5 reproa*$ aga9/ ,*ri/ian belief1 t sci5ce is contr>y to ! ,bible1 & t ! ,*ur* has ev] _h to confess itself wrong1 aft] hav+ p]secut$ p = n foll[+ its peculi> views4 ,x is1 inde$1 un=tunate t a bl9d zeal = ,god has l$1 9 ! pa/1 to p]secution2 ! ,*ur* fail+ to see t su* m5 z ,galileo & ,bruno nev] d5i$ ,god at all1 nor did _! discov]ies really contradict ! ,^w4 ,b p]secution is n a s9 peculi> to ! ,*ur*2 x is a s9 ( human nature4 ,x is also true t ,*ri/ian views may be wrong1 b ! fault is 9 ! views1 n 9 ! ,bible4 ,sci5tific m51 ( all p1 %\ld be ! la/ to compla9 ( *ange 9 views1 see+ t :at 0 sci5ce two hundr$ ye>s ago is n[ 7mu* ( x7 explod$ nons5se4 ,!re is no h>m :atev] 9 *ang+ our views ab\t ! mean+ ( difficult passages--provid$ we nev] let g our hold on ! c5tral tru?1 & put ! error to our own acc\nt1 n say+ t ! ,^w itself is wrong4 ,x may1 9 ?is connection1 be at once obs]v$ t any p>ticul> explanation1 or t "o :i* ,i propose pres5tly to sugge/1 ( ! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis1 may n comm5d itself to ! read]1 & yet ! g5]al argum5t ,i h adduc$ w hold good not)/&+4 ,all t ,i c>e to cont5d is1 t sci5ce does n contradict a syllable ( ! n>rative on "o possible int]pretation1 & t *anges 9 view z to int]pretation are no argum5ts aga9/ ! tru? ( ! passage itself4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,int]pret+ ,,! ,,n>rative--,,assumptions ,,( ,,mean+ ,,to ,,c]ta9 ,,t]ms4 ,return+1 !n1 to ! n>rative 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 ,i ?9k we may take x z cle> t ! passage /&s 9 su* a concise & cond5s$ =m1 t x is obvi\sly op5 to be int]pret$4 ,fur!r1 t we %\ld n be surpris$ if ! int]pretation at ! pres5t day1 ) our va/ly increas$ k ( ,nature1 is diff]5t f :at x 0 9 e>li] times4 ,i make no apology = repeat+ ?is s (t51 because x is really amaz+ to see ! way 9 :i* anti-!ological writ]s attack :at !y suppose to be ! int]pretation ( ! n>rative1 or :at "s "o else supposes to be su*1 & seem to be satisfi$ t 9 s do+ !y h demoli%$ ! cr$ibility ( ! n>rative itself4 ,if y *oose to assume t ,creation z spok5 ( by ! sacr$ writ] means "s p>ticul> ?+1 or ev5 if ! mass ( un$ucat$ or unreflect+ p assume x & y foll[ !m1 ,i grant at once t ! n>rative c be readily made out to be wrong4 ,p]mit me1 !n1 to repeat once m1 t ! n>rative is 9 human language1 & uses ! human t]ms creat$1 made1 & =m$1 & t ^! t]ms d 7z a matt] ( fact :i* !re is no ga9say+7 be> a mean+ :i* is n inv>iable4 ,h5ce1 )\t any gloss+ or tortur+ ( ! n>rative1 we are "u ! pla9 obligation to seek to assign to ^! t]ms a true mean+ ) all ! light t mod]n k c af=d4 ,n[ 7hav+ already consid]$ ! s*ool ( int]pretation :i* decl9es to att5d to ! exact t]ms7 we c conf9e our att5tion to two classes ( int]pret]s4 ,"o expla9s ! t]m days to mean long p]iods ( "t2 ! o!r accepts ! ^w 9 its ord9>y & mo/ natural s5se1 & endeav\rs to elim9ate ! long c\rse ( developm5tal "w made kn[n to u by palaeontological sci5ce1 & supposes all t to h be5 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce2 & argues t a f9al prep>ation = ! adv5t ( ! man ,adam 0 made 9 a special "w ( six days4 ,all ! well-kn[n attempts at explanation1 su* z ^? ( ,pye-,smi?1 ,*alm]s1 ,h4 ,mill]1 ,pratt1 & ! ord9>y comm5t>ies1 c be plac$ 9 "o or o!r ( ^! categories4 ,n[1 z reg>ds bo?1 ,i recur to ! curi\s fact 7already not$7 t x seems nev] to ent] into ! conception ( ei!r s*ool to inquire = a mom5t :at ! sacr$ writ] meant by creat$--,god creat$--,god said let !re be4 ,x is curi\s1 because no "o c reasonably say ^! t]ms are obvi\s1 !y be> _! own mean+ on ! surface2 a mom5t's analysis w scatt] su* an idea to ! w9ds4 ,yet ! t]ms are pass$ by4 ,! comm5tators set !mselves "r e>ne/ly to comp>e & to collate1 to argue & to analogize1 on ! mean+ ( ! t]m days2 ! o!r t]m creat$ !y take = grant$ )\t--z f> z ,i am aw>e--s+le l9e ( explanation1 or s mu* z a d\bt :e!r !y "k :at x really means6 ,! int]pretation t ,i w\ld propose to ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* is j ! v opposite4 ,x seems to me t ! ^w day z us$ 9 ! n>rative ne$s no explanation2 x seems to me t ! o!r does4 ,z reg>ds ! t]m day1 x is surely a rule ( s\nd criticism nev] to give an extraord9>y mean+ to a ^w1 :5 ! ord9>y "o w give good & intelligible s5se to a passage4 ,& look+ to ! fact t1 aft] all1 :5 ! days ( ,g5esis are expla9$ to mean p]iods ( v unequal b possibly enorm\s duration1 t explanation is n only q useless1 b raises great] difficulties ?an ev]1 ,i %\ld ?9k x mo/ likely t ! day ( ! n>rative %\ld be tak5 9 ! ord9>y s5se4 ,b ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ) reg>d to ! t]ms creation1#a creat$1 ,let !re be1 & s =?1 ,i f9d ample room = ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation & = detail$ /udy be=e we c say :at is meant4 ,ev5 !n !re rema9s a feel+ ( pr(\nd my/]y4 ,= at ! v beg9n+ ( e tra9 ( reflection & reason+ on ! subject1 we are j br\ght up dead at ?is wond]ful fact1 ! exi/5ce ( matt] :]e previ\sly !re _h be5 no?+4 ,! phrase creat$ out ( no?+ is ( c\rse a purely conv5tional "o1 &1 /rictly speak+1 has no mean+2 b we adopt x usefully en\gh to indicate our ultimate fact--! appe>ance ( matt] :]e previ\sly !re _h be5 no?+4 ,nor is ! difficulty really surm\nt$ by alleg+ su* a m]e phrase z matt] is et]nal1 = we h j z little m5tal conception ( self-exi/5t1 always--& )\t beg9n+--exi/5t matt]1 z we h ( creation out ( no?+4 ,footnote #a3 ,! entire sil5ce ( comm5tators reg>d+ ! d\btful mean+ ( creation is s surpris+1 t ,i h _h ! greate/ difficulty 9 p]suad+ myself t ! explanation ,i propose is new4 ,yet c]ta9ly ,i h nev] come across x any:]e4 ,! human m9d has always a difficulty :5 x is br\ght face to face ) some?+ t is beyond ! scope n only ( its own practical1 b1 ev5 ( its !oretical or pot5tial ability4 ,! creation1 !re=e1 ( matt] by a ,div9e ,p[] is matt] ( fai?1 z ,i endeav\r$ to set =? 9 ! e>li] pages ( ?is little "w2 b x is reasonable fai?1 because x c be support$ by s\nd reason+ f analogy & /rong probability4 ,all our att5tion1 !n1 ,i submit1 %\ld be direct$ to und]/&+ :at is creation 9 ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,n>rative ,,consid]$ ,,g5]ally4 ,i4--,,! ,,fir/ ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,n>rative4 #a4 ,objections to ! ,receiv$ ,int]pretations4 ,tak+ ! n>rative z x /&s1 we f9d x to consi/ ( two p>ts4 ,fir/1 a g5]al /atem5t1 ( :i* no division ( "t is pr$icat$1 & :i* is unaccompani$ by any detail4 ,second1 !re is an acc\nt s]iatim ( c]ta9 op]ations :i* are /at$ to h be5 sev]ally p]=m$ "o on ea* ( six days4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ portion1 we h no def9ite k ( sci5tific tru? ) :i* to comp>e ! n>rative4 ,x is obvi\sly necess>y = "s ,div9e tea*] to tell u au?oritatively t ,god orig9at$ & caus$ ! mat]ial e>?1 & ! sy/ems ( suns & />s :i* m5 on ! e>?'s surface are able to disc]n 9 ! heav5s4 ,we are consequ5tly in=m$ t 9 ! beg9n+--!re is no practical ne$ = def9+ fur!r--,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,"h ! "q arises :e!r ! ,hebrew b>a1 :i* is a g5]al t]m1 alludes to ! fir/ production ( mat]ial1 or to ! m\ld+ or fa%ion+ ( mat]ial already 79 t]ms7 assum$ to exi/4 ,i ?9k t ! conclusion mu/ be t ! be/ au?ority is 9 fav\r ( ! idea ( absolute orig9ation ( ! :ole2--! br++ ! entire sy/em into exi/5ce :]e previ\sly !re 0 a p]fect blank4 ,b ev5 if ! second>y mean+ ( fa%ion$ or =g$ be all[$1 we h /ill an intelligible r5d]+4 ,= 9 t case ! fir/ orig9ation ( matt] is tacitly assum$ by ! t]m itself1 & ! /atem5t w\ld be1 t ! matt] ( ! future cosmos s exi/+1 ! ,div9e ,artific] fa%ion$ or m\ld$ x into ! ord]ly fabric x has come to be4 ,! n>rative !n at once ref]s to our e>?1 ) :i*1 & ) its inhabitants1 ! :ole volume is to be 9 future directly conc]n$4 ,! e>? 0 7or became7 )\t =m & void 7*aotic71 & d>kness 0 on ! face ( ! deep 7or abyss74 ,we h no positive k ( :at ! fir/ condition ( t]re/rial matt] 01 ap>t f ,revelation4 ,! rem>kable discov]ies t ! spectroscope has enabl$1 & ! facts le>n$ f ! physical hi/ory ( comets & meteorites1 c d no m ?an make :at is kn[n z ! nebul> hypo!sis highly probable4 ,b x is amply suffici5t = our purpose to po9t out1 t if x is true t matt] orig9at$ 9 a nebul\s haze to ! p>ticles ( :i* a spiral rotatory motion _h be5 communicat$1 & if 7conf9+ our att5tion to "o planet only7 t att5uat$ matt] gradually aggregat$ 9 a r+ or r+s1 & !n consolidat$ into a solid or p>tly solid globe1 !n ! results are briefly1 b adequately & sublimely1 provid$ = by ! =m ( ! ,mosaic /atem5t4 ,matt] ?us aggregat+ w\ld h develop$ an enorm\s am\nt ( heat1 & !re w\ld h be5 a see?+ mass ( molt5 m9]al matt]s1 ) gases & o!r mat]ials 9 ! =m ( vap\rs1 :i* w\ld h gradually cool$ & consolidat$4 ,va/ masses ( wat] w\ld 9 "t be =m$ on "o h&1 & solid m9]al masses on ! o!r2 ! latt] w\ld contract z cool+ progress$1 caus+ great upheavals & depressions & contortions ( /rata4 ,& be=e ! adv5t ( life-=ms1 x is n difficult to conceive t ! fir/ /ate ( our globe 0 "o :i* is intelligibly & v graphically describ$ z be+ )\t =m & void4 ,no?+ m ?an t1 c1 f actual physical k1 be /at$4#a ,x is also /at$ t ?is confus$ elem5tal /ate ( our e>? 0 accompani$ at fir/ by d>kness4 ,mat]ial d>kness t is--= ! pot5tiality ( light & ord] 0 !re2 ! ,,_s ,,( ,,god mov$ 7or brood$7 ^u ! face ( ! abyss4 ,?is pres5ts no difficulty ( int]pretation1 & may !re=e be pass$ ov] = ! pres5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,x w\ld be h>dly necess>y 7b = "s rem>ks 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,glad/one-,huxley controv]sy7 to obs]ve t ! t]m void does n imply vacuity or empt9ess1 z ( sub/ance1 b abs5ce ( def9$ =m su* z subsequ5tly 0 evolv$4 ,practically1 inde$1 !re has be5 no grave difficulty rais$ ov] ?is fir/ portion4 ,& if x is argu$ 7on ! gr\nd ( :at ,i h already 9 g5]al t]ms indicat$7 t ! t]m creat$ w1 on my own int]pretation1 get u into difficulties1 ,i reply t "h1 9 its position & ) ! context1 !re is no room = d\bt1 = cle>ly ! ^w implies bo? ! great prim>y idea ( ! ,div9e design or plan =mulat$ 9 heav51 & ! subsequ5t result 9 "t & space4#a ,?is w become m cle> :5 ,i h fur!r expla9$ ! subject4 ,footnote #a3 ,& ( c\rse if ! true s5se be fa%ion$ or m\ld$1 ! "q does n arise4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,second ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,n>rative4 ,b f ?is po9t ! n>rative comm5ces to be m precise1 & to exhibit a v s+ul> & altoge!r unprec$5t$ division ( creative "w into days4 ,n[ ,i h already indicat$ my d\bt :e!r we ought to import any unusual mean+ to expla9 ?is t]m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! objection t till ! movem5ts & relations ( ! sun to ! e>? 7 orda9$ !re w\ld be no measure ( a day w n /& a mom5t's exam9ation4 ,nor w ! fur!r objection sometimes made1 t ev5 ) ! sun1 a day is a v unc]ta9 ?+3 = example1 a day & a night 9 ! nor? pol> regions are p]iods ( mon?-long duration1 q diff]5t f :at !y are 9 ,engl&1 or at ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,obvi\sly1 a day ) ref]5ce to ! planet = :i* ! t]m is us$1 means ! p]iod occupi$ by "o rotation ( ! planet on its own axis4 ,! rotation ( ! e>? is antec$5t to any?+ m5tion$ 9 ! n>rative we are consid]+4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s1 x w\ld h be5 coeval ) ! introduction ( ! prima mat]ies--at lea/ if any nebul> hypo!sis c be reli$ on4 ,! day w\ld be !re :e!r x 7 obscur$ by vap\rs or n1 & :e!r specially made c\ntable & recognizable by :at we call ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun1 or n1 & :e!r we 7 /&+ 9 ,nova ,zembla or 9 ,au/ralia4 ,nor is x ( mu* use to ref] to ! g5]al use ( day = indef9ite p]iods1 :i* is j z common 9 ! ,engli% ( to-day z x 0 9 ! ,hebrew ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ! d\ble use ( ! t]m 9 diff]5t s5ses has become g5]al1 j because x 0 f\nd 9 practice t no confusion ord9>ily result$2 & surely su* a practice w\ld n h be5 common1 or at any rate w\ld h be5 specially avoid$ 9 ! sacr$ volume1 :]ev] any mi/ake or confusion 0 likely or ev5 possible4 ,no "o c mi/ake :at is meant :5 allusion is made to ! day 9 :i* ,god made ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,no "o falls into d\bt :5 ! days ( ! prophets are spok5 (--any m ?an !y d n[ :5 a man says1 ,su* a ?+ w n happ5 9 my day4 ,:5ev] 9 ,daniel1 or 9 simil> prophetic writ+s1 ! t]m day is us$ 9 a peculi> s5se z indicat+ a t]m ( ye>s1 we h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ! fact f ! context & circum/ances ( ! n>rative2 nor am ,i aw>e t any controv]sy has ev] aris5 reg>d+ ! use ( ! t]m day 9 any passage ( ,scripture except+ 9 ?is4 ,?is fact alone is suspici\s2 ! m s1 because !re is absolutely no?+ 9 ! context to indicate t any?+ b an ord9>y day is int5d$4 ,n only s1 b !re is 9 ! context some?+ t does v cle>ly indicate 7& ,i ?9k ,dr4 ,rville is p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 insi/+ on ?is7 t an ord9>y t]re/rial day is meant4 ,"o ( ! primeval in/itutions ( ,div9e ,provid5ce = m51 my read]s w n ne$ to be rem9d$1 0 t ( a ,sabba?1 :i* any "o read+ ! text w\ld und]/& to mean a day1 & :i* ! ,jews--! e>lie/ =mal or legal recogniz]s ( x--did s und]/&1 & t "u direct ,div9e sanction4 ,if ! days ( ,g5esis mean indef9ite p]iods ( aeonian duration1 h[ is ! sev5? day ( re/ to be und]/ood8 ,b ev5 if ^! difficulties are ov]come1 absolutely no?+ is ga9$ by tak+ ! day to be a p]iod4 ,i presume t ! object ( ga9+ long p]iods ( "t in/ead ( days 9 read+ ! ,mosaic record1 is to assume t ! n>rative means to describe ! actual production on ! e>? ( all t 0 creat$2 9 o!r words1 to assume a p>ticul> mean+ = ! words creat$1 br\ght =?1 c & !n to make out t if a :ole age is grant$1 ,sci5ce w all[ u a sequ5ce ( a plant age a fi% & saurian age1 a bird age1 & a mammalian age2--t is1 9 g5]al t]ms & neglect+ m9or =ms ( life4 ,b !n to make any s5se at all ) ! v]ses we are b\nd to %[ t ea* age prec$$ ! next--t "o 0 m ?an p>tly1 if n q completely1 e/abli%$ be=e any appe>ance ( ! next4 ,x is to ?is int]pretation t ,pr(essor ,huxley alludes :5 he says1 9 8 fir/ article1#a ,!re mu/ be "s position f :i* ! reconcil]s ( ,sci5ce & ,g5esis w n retreat--"s c5tral idea ! ma9t5ance ( :i* is vital1 & its refutation fatal4444 ,x is t ! animal species :i* compose ! wat] population1 ! air population1 & ! l& population1#b respectively1 orig9at$ dur+ ?ree successive p]iods ( "t1 & only dur+ ^? p]iods ( "t4 ,footnote #a3 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,decemb]1 #ahhe1 pp4 #hef-g4 ,footnote #b3 ,^! 7un=tunate7 t]ms are ,mr4 ,glad/one's4 ,= my own "p1 ,i ha/5 to say t1 z "o ( ! despis$ race ( reconcil]s1 n only is ?is idea no c5tral position f :i* ,i w n retreat1 b "o :i* ,i %\ld nev] ?9k ( occupy+ = "o mom5t4 ,b on ! view ( ! p]iods1 "s su* position mu/ be tak5 up4 ,& if s1 ,i mu/ ma9ta9 t ,pr(essor ,huxley has %[n--if inde$ x 0 n obvi\s already--t ! idea ( a s]ies ( p]iods1 & 9 ea* ( :i* a c]ta9 k9d ( life began & culm9at$ 7if x 0 n fully complet$7 be=e ano!r began1 is untrue to nature4 ,?is1 !re=e1 _c h be5 int5d$ by ! au?or ( ,g5esis4 ,i w "h int]rupt my argum5t = a mom5t to say t !re is a c]ta9 degree ( co9cid5ce betwe5 ! succession ( life on ! e>? z f> z x is expla9$ by palaeontological rese>*1 & ! ord] ( creation /at$ 9 ,g5esis2 b t is n conc]n$ ) any =c$ int]pretation ( ! t]m day4 ,! co9cid5ce is j ne> en\gh to give rise to a desire to id5tify creative p]iods ) ! s]ies %[n by ! fossil-be>+ rocks2 :ile x is att5d$ ) j en\gh ( diff]5ce to furni% matt] = controv]sy1 & to expose ! int]pret]s to be cut up4 ,b to return4 ,no?+1 ,i submit1 is ga9$ by gett+ day to mean p]iod4 ,let u put ! matt] q squ>ely4 ,let u take day to mean p]iod1 & let u take all ! v]ses to mean ! process ( produc+ on e>? ! v>i\s life-=ms4 ,9 ord] to come at once to ! po9t1 let u beg9 ) ! "t :5 ! dry l& & ! wat]s are sep>ate4 ,at t mom5t1 !re is no?+ said 7or impli$7 ab\t life already hav+ begun 9 ei!r wat] or on dry l&4 ,god comm&$ plants to gr[2 consequ5tly dur+ t :ole p]iod no?+ b plants1 & t ( all ! k9ds & classes m5tion$1 %\ld appe> ei!r 9 wat] or on l&4 ,t p]iod be+ done1 !n came ! comm& = wat] animals1 fi% & great mon/]s1 & also birds4 ,we ought1 accord+ly1 to come next ^u a :ole p]iod 9 :i* no trace ( any?+ b plants & ^! animals c be f\nd2 & la/ly1 we ought to f9d ! p]iod ( mammalia1 small] reptiles1 amphibia & insects 7creep+ ?+s74 ,t is ! fair & pla9 result ( :at comes ( suppos+ ! t]ms let !re be1 c41 to mean production on e>? ( ! ?+'s !mselves1 & t ! days are long p]iods4 ,all ov]lapp+ ( ! p]iods is inadmissible4 ,all mean+ is tak5 away1 if we all[ ( fi% 7e4g47 appe>+ 9 ! middle ( our fir/ p]iod2 = ,god did n comm& ano!r day's "w till aft] ! fir/ 0 complet$--!re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1 a fir/ day 7p]iod71 c4 ,no2 to suit ! text s int]pret$1 we mu/ h a full p]iod ( plants ) no fi%2 !n a p]iod ( bo? b no insects1 no creep+ ?+s1 no animals2 & s on4 ,n[ x is q idle to cont5d any long]1 t any su* /ate ( ?+s ev] exi/$4 ,if we pass ov] ! long s]ies ( ! mo/ anci5t /rata 9 :i* d\btful =ms ( obscure elem5t>y plant & animal life appe> almo/ toge!r1 we %all come to %ell-fi%1 & cru/aceans fully e/abli%$ 9 ! wat]1 & scorpions1 & "s insects ev5 on l&1 be=e plants made any great %[4 ,= ! ,c>bonif]\s--! age ( acrog5 plants1 p> excell5ce--does n occur till aft] sw>ms ( ,trilobite ,cru/aceans _h fill$ ! sea & pass$ away1 & aft] ! ,devonian fi%-age _h ne>ly pass$ away2 & s on ?r\gh\t4 ,! gr\ps 9 nature ov]lap ea* o!r s closely1 t ?\gh plant-life 79 elem5t>y =ms7 probably _h ! actual />t2 virtually ! two k+doms--plant & animal--appe>$ almo/ simultane\sly4 ,!re is no?+ l ! appe>ance ( a fir/ p]iod 9 :i* "o alone pr$om9at$4 ,& long be=e ! plants are e/abli%$ 9 all classes1 ! great reptiles1 birds1 & "s mammals1 _h appe>$4 ,! se$-be>+ plants--true grasses & exog5s ) se$ capsules 7angiosp]ms7 did n appe> till q ,t]ti>y times4 ,t is ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! facts & ! !ory4 ,if we make a diagram1 & let ! squ>es repres5t ! ma9 gr\ps1 ! ord] 7accord+ to ! p]iod int]pretation7 ought to be z 9 ,a1 :]eas x really m resembles ,b4 ,?us4 ,illu/ration3 ,! dott$ ext5sions ( ! squ>es indicate ! =e runn]s ( ! families1 i4e41 _! fir/ indications 9 ! ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,new ,int]pretation sugge/$ ,b !n x w be ask$1 if ! day means only an ord9>y day--n a long p]iod--:at is !re t actually c\ld h happ5$1 & did happ51 9 ?ree days 7= t is ! real po9t1 z we %all see71 su* z ! writ] describes z ! ?ird1 fif?1 & six? days8 ,i answ] t on ^? days1 & on ! previ\s ones1 ,god did exactly :at ,he is record$ to h done4 ,aft] ! creation ( light 7fir/ day71 & ! ideal adju/m5t ( ! di/ribution ( l& & wat] 7second day71 ,he 7a7 creat$1 on ! ?ird day1 plants1 f ! l[e/ cryptogam upw>ds2 !n 7b7 paus$ = a day 7! f\r?7 9 ! direct "w ( creat+ life-=ms1 to adju/ c]ta9 matt]s reg>d+ times & seasons1 & regulation ( climate1 :i* d\btless w\ld n be ess5tial dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( life evolution1 b w\ld become s directly a c]ta9 po9t 0 rea*$2 !n 7c7 resum$ ! direct creat+ "w 7fif? day71 ) fi%es1 great reptiles1#a & birds 7gr\p$ purposely s1 z we %all see72 &1 la/ly 7d71 be=e ! ,day ( ,re/1 creat$ ! gr\p ( mammals 7c>nivora & h]bivora71 ! creep+ ?+s ( ! e>?1 & man 7also gr\p$ toge!r74 ,footnote #a3 ,?is t]m may be "h accept$ = ! mom5t--n to int]rupt ! argum5t4 ,x w be m fully dealt ) 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,b "s "o w ask1 ,y !n accept ! e>li] !ory1 t ! :ole life-s]ies t is n[ reveal$ to u by ! rocks1 f ! ,laur5tian to ! ,rec5t1 is exclud$ f ! n>rative2 & t "s special acts ( creation1 reg>d+ only mod]n & surviv+ life-=ms1 7 made imm$iately be=e man appe>$8 ,by no-means2 = su* a !ory is n only 9 itself improbable1 b is contr>y to all ! evid5ce we possess ( life-hi/ory on ! e>?1 & is s hopeless t x is really n wor? s]i\s exam9ation & refutation4 ,we h no evid5ce ( any su* gap--su* sudd5 *ange 9 ! hi/ory ( life4 ,nor is x possible to f9d any place 9 ! ,mosaic /ory at :i* we c\ld reasonably int]polate a long p]iod1 su* z t indicat$ by ! entire s]ies ( rock /rata4 ,= a great "p ( su* a p]iod1 n only mu/ !re h be5 a regul> succession ( life j ! same 9 nature 7?\gh specifically diff]5t7 z t n[ on e>?1 b a regul> di/ribution ( l& & wat]1 & a settl$ action ( ! sun & ! seasons1 w\ld be requir$4 ,no2 we mu/ give up all ! old] me?ods :i* try to ignore ! /udy ( ! ^w creat$1 or to assume = x a mean+ t x is n int5d$ to be>4 ,all dep5ds1 !n1 on :at is meant by su* t]ms z creat$1 let !re be1 let ! e>? br+ =?1 c4 ,p]haps x has occurr$ to b few ( my read]s s]i\sly to exam9e into _! own m5tal conception ( an act ( creation4 ,"s w readily answ]1 ,( c\rse x means only t at ! ,div9e fiat1 any giv5 species--say an elephant--appe>$ p]fect1 trunk1 tusks1 & all ! peculi> developm5t ( skull & skeleton1 :]e previ\sly no su* creature _h exi/$4 ,b :at possible reason h !y = ?is conclusion8 ,none :atev]4 ,x has simply be5 c>elessly assum$ f age to age1 because p at fir/ knew no bett]2 & :5 !y began to "k bett]1 !y did n /op to am5d _! ideas accord+ly4 ,( c\rse1 z ,pr(essor ,huxley puts x1 millions ( pi\s ,jews & ,*ri/ians#a suppos$ creation to mean a sudd5 act ( ! ,deity--i4e41 to mean j :at ! k ( ! "t enabl$ !m to imag9e4 ,!y c\ld d no?+ else4 ,! /ate ( k fifty ye>s ago w\ld n h r5d]$ x possible = an article l ,pr(essor ,huxley's 7t to :i* allusion has sev]al times be5 made7 to h be5 writt5 at all4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t ! multitude did n und]/& :at creation meant1 & t a reasonable int]pretation ( ! ^w has only become possible 9 q rec5t times8 ,surely all t is ! fault ( ! read]1 n ( ! text4 ,i d n ev5 c>e t ! writ] himself did n fully appreh5d ! subject4 ,:5 a human prophet is entru/$ ) ! divulgation ( high & wond]ful ?+s1 x is q possible t he may h be5 to great] or less ext5t 9 ! d>k z to all or "s ( ! communication he 0 writ+4 ,footnote #a3 ,article quot$1 p4 #heg4 ,all t c be reasonably requir$ is t ! n>rative1 z x /&s1 %all be consi/5t ) actual tru?1 & %all at no "t come to be provably at v>iance ) x4 ,b let u look at ! ^w creation m closely4 ,we accept :at we are told1 t 9 ! beg9n+ ,god call$ into exi/5ce =ce & matt]1 ! mat]ial or physical basis1 & all o!r necess>ies ( life4 ,suppose1 !n 7ev5 dropp+ ! "q ( ,evolution1 9 ord] to satisfy ! pi\s millions71 t ?is matt] 0 all ready 7if ,i may s speak7 to spr+ into organiz$ =m & be+ to take %ape on e>?--:at %ape %\ld x take8 ,:y 7e4g47 an elephant8 ,:y n any o!r animal1 or a nondescript--a =m :i* no zoologi/ c\ld place1 recognize1 or classify8 ,! =m1 ! ideal /ructure1 ! =mula1 ( ! g5us elephant mu/ someh[ h come into exi/5ce be=e ! ob$i5t mat]ials & ! suitable =ces ( nature c\ld "w !mselves toge!r to ! desir$ end4 ,mr4 ,miv>t has def9$ creation at page #bij ( 8 ,g5esis ( ,species4 ,!re is orig9al creation1 d]ivative or second>y creation 7:]e ! pres5t =m has desc5d$ f an ance/or t 0 orig9ally directly creat$71 & conv5tional creation 7z :5 a man creates a =tune1 mean+ t he produces a complex /ate or arrangem5t out ( simpl] mat]ials74 ,t is p]fectly true1 s f>2 b x is only a v]bal def9ition1 & /ill does n g inside1 into ! idea involv$4 ,we mu/ g f>!r4 ,9 e act ( creation1 two requisites c cle>ly be di/+ui%$3 7#a7 ! matt] ( life1 & ! =ces1 aff9ities1 & local surr\nd+s necess>y2 & 7#b7 ! type1 plan1 ideal1 or =mula1 to realize or produce :i*1 ! =ces & ! matt] are to act & react4 ,?is second is all-ess5tial2 )\t x ! fir/ w\ld only produce a limbo ( ,unaccompli%t works ( ,nature's h&1 ,abortive1 mon/r\s1 or unk9dly mixt4#a ,footnote #a3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 iii4 #dee4 ,no creation 9 any s5se :atev] c\ld come out ( x4 ,9 ! same way1 :5 we speak ( ! ,div9e ,artific] creat+1 or say+ ,let !re be1 !re are two ?+s impli$3 7i7 ! ,div9e plan or type-=m1 & its utt]ance or deliv]y 7s to speak7 to ! build]-=ces & mat]ials2 7#b7 ! result or ! translation into tangible exi/5ce ( ! ,div9e plan4 ,9 e passage speak+ ( creation x possible t bo? processes may be impli$2 x may be cle> f ! text 7z 9 ,g5esis i4 #a7 t ?is is s4 ,b x is equally possible t ! fir/ po9t only1 :i* 9 "s aspects is really ! ess5tial matt]1 is alone spok5 (4 ,& ,i submit t1 giv5 ! g5]al fact t ,god orig9at$ ev]y?+ 9 heav5 & e>? 7z fir/ ( all /at$ g5]ally 9 ,g5esis i4 #a-c71 ! ess5tial "p ( ! detail$ or specific creation subsequ5tly spok5 (1 0 ! ,div9e orig9ation ( ! types1 ! ideal =ms1 into :i* matt] end[$ ) life 0 to develop2 )\t any necess>y ref]5ce to h[1 or 9 :at "t1 ! ,div9e creation 0 actually realiz$ or accompli%$ on e>?4 ,x may be t ! =m s conceiv$ & drawn 9 ,nature's book by ! ,div9e ,design] is a f9al =m1 up to :i* developm5t %all lead1 & beyond :i* 7at lea/ 9 a mat]ial s5se7 x %all n g2 or x may be t x is a type int5d$ to be transitory2#a b bo? ! int]m$iate & f9al =ms mu/ take _! orig9 fir/ 9 ! ,div9e ,m9d1 & be prescrib$ f ! ,heav5ly ,?rone1 be=e ! ob$i5t matt] & =ces & ! life-end[m5t c\ld co-op]ate to result 9 ! realization ( ! =ms & ! population ( ! globe4 ,footnote #a3 ,! idea :i* ,i am endeav\r+ to make cle> is well illu/rat$ by ano!r passage 9 "o ( ! ,mosaic books--! acc\nt ( ! ,tab]nacle4 ,moses _h no idea ( 8 own ( ! /ructure1 its furniture1 implem5ts1 or ! =ms ( ^!4 ,! n>rative expressly /ates t ! ,div9e p[] orig9at$ ! designs1 & caus$ ,moses to und]/& !m4 ,9 a human "w ! design] w\ld h drawn ! objects ) measures & specifications1 & giv5 ! pap]s to ! workm54 ,) ! ,div9e "w1 :]e ! design is 9 ! ,div9e ,?\ght1 & ! workm5 & build]s are =ces & elem5t>y matt]1 ! process is a my/]y1 b 9 its practical be>+ is und]/ood f analogy4 ,! ,tab]nacle 0 truly ,god's creation1 because x 0 all comm&$ 9 design & patt]n by ! ,almighty be=e ,moses put toge!r ! mat]ials t realiz$ ! patt]n 9 ! camp ( ,israel4 ,! reason :y x is ! ess5tial "p1 is1 t :5 once ! ,div9e comm& issu$1 ! result foll[$ inevitably--t w g )\t say+4 ,9 human affairs1 also1 we speak ( ! ar*itect hav+ creat$ ! palace or ca!dral1 or ! ironclad2 mean+ !reby n ! sl[ process ( cutt+ & jo9+ /one1 or rivet+ /eel plates1 b ! high] antec$5t act ( m9d 9 evok+ ! ideal =m & provid+ = all cont+5cies 9 ! adaptation & subsequ5t work+ ( ! f9i%$ /ructure4 ,& if we limit ?is use ( ! t]m creation some:at 9 speak+ ( human works1 x is because ! concept ( ! human m9d s (t5 fails ( realization2 t x is "o ?+ to design1 & ano!r to accompli%4 ,! gr&e/ design = a palace may fail to /& because "s peculi>ity ( ! /one has be5 =gott51 or "s "* ( f\ndation & subsoil has be5 misund]/ood4 ,! noble/ =m ( turret-%ip may prove useless because ! /r5g? ( "s mat]ial w n correspond to ! ideal1 or "s curve ( /ability has be5 miscalculat$4 ,n only ?is3 man may create1 z a sculptor1 ! ideal =m = 8 to-be /atue1 or ! dramati/ 8 "*2 b ! p]fect realization1 ei!r 9 m>ble or 9 an actual be+1 may be impossible2 ! ideal rema9s 9 ! air4 ,! ideal1 !re=e1 is n ! major "p ( creation 9 a human "w4 ,b ) ! ,div9e "w x is o!rwise4 ,! ,div9e ?\ght 9 ,creation & its result are sep>at$ by no possibility ( failure4 ,giv5 ! matt] & ! laws ( =ce & ( life1 directly ! ,great ,design] has utt]$ ,8 ?\ght to ^? t are ,8 build]s1 !y mu/ infallibly & )\t discord1 "w ?r\gh ! longe/ t]ms1 x may be1 ( an evolution>y s]ies1 till1 e transitional condition pass$1 ! f9al =m em]ges p]fect4 ,our v v]bal def9ition1 admitt+ z x does d]ivative creation1 implies ?is4 ,we all speak ( ourselves z creat$4 ,h[ s8 ,we are n produc$ ready made4 ,nor d we :olly solve ! matt] by say+ t we are creat$ because we are born f p>5ts :o 7if we g f> en\gh back7 orig9at$ 9 a fir/ production f ! h& ( ,nature4 ,we are really creat$ because ! design--! life-=m ( u1 :i* matt] & =ce 7 to "w toge!r to produce--0 ! direct product ( ! ,div9e ,m9d4#a ,my "q1 !re=e1 ( ! ,g5esis int]pret]s is3 ,:y w y insi/ on ! text mean+ only ! second elem5t 9 ,creation--! production on e>?1 & n ! ,design or its issue 9 heav58 ,! =m] we c\ld f9d out "s day = ourselves2 we h f\nd out "s ( x 7?\gh only "s7 already2 ! latt] we c\ld nev] "k unless we 7 told4 ,surely x is ! dignus v9dice nodus 9 ?is case4 ,to tell u ! e>?'s hi/ory )9 a brief space w\ld be impossible1 & w\ld h be5 = ages un9telligible if x c\ld h be5 told2 to tell u ( ,god's creation is possible--= x has be5 done2 & ! record1 unless misread1 is intelligible = all "t4 ,! n>rative1 if x is a revelation ( ,div9e ,creation 9 heav51 takes up gr\nd t none c trespass on4 ,none c say x is n s1 unless ei!r he w %[ t ! words w n be> ! mean+1 or t ! context & o!r ,scripture contradict x4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ,?y book 7 all my memb]s writt51 :ile z yet !re 7 none ( !m 7,psa4 cxxxix4 #af74 ,h[ did ?is all fir/ come to be y8 ,god ?\ght ab\t me & ,i grew4--,macdonald4 ,s soon z ! matt] ( e>? & heav5 7& all t is impli$ !re)7 orig9at$ 9 ! beg9n+1 ! n>rative introduces to our rev]5t contemplation ! solemn conclave 9 heav51 :51 9 a s]ial ord] & on sep>ate days1 ,god decl>$1 = ! guidance ( ! ev] pot5tially active =ces1 & = mat]ials ev] 7z we "k7 seek+ comb9ation & resolution1#a ! =m :i* ! e>? surface is 7x may be ev] s gradually7 to take & ! life-=ms :i* are to be evolv$4 ,t ?is creative "w 0 piecemeal1 & on sep>ate days1 we "k f ! n>rative4 ,:y x 0 s arrang$ we d n "k4 ,va/ z 0 ! "w to be done1 almo/ inf9ite z 0 ! complexity ( ! laws requir$ to be =mulat$1 x c\ld h all be5 done at once1 9 a mom5t ( "t2 = "t does n exi/ to ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,b see+ t ! "w 0 to be on e>?1 & = ! b5efit ( creatures to :om ! divisions ( "t 7 all-important1 we c dimly1 at lea/1 disc]n a c]ta9 fitness & appropriat5ess 9 ! gradual & divid$ "w4 ,footnote #a3 ,! read] w recognize t !re is n ! lea/ exagg]ation 9 ?is4 ,x is pla9 matt] ( fact1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ 9 ! e>li] *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,ev]y:]e we see =ce ready to be evok$ by ! prop] me?od4 ,ev]y:]e we see molecul> motion1 & a p]petual comb9ation & resolution ( elem5ts & comp\nds1 :e!r *emical or me*anical4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,int]pretation ,,support$ ,,by ,,o!r ,,scriptures4 ,9 int]pret+ ! n>rative be=e u1 we h an important aid :i* has h>dly receiv$ ! att5tion x des]ves4 ,i allude to ! o!r passages ( ,scripture :i* 7 writt5 by m5 und\bt$ly famili> ) ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,n[1 9 m ?an "o ( !m1 ,i f9d ! idea t ! ,creation spok5 ( is ! ,div9e "w 9 heav51 & n ! subsequ5t & long process ( its realization on ! surface ( our globe1 fully confirm$4 ,9 ! beautiful ?irty-eigh? *apt] ( ! v anci5t ,book ( ,job1 we f9d a di/9ct allusion to a "t :5 ,god laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1 prescrib$ its measures1 made a decre$ place = ! sea1 & fram$ ! ord9ances ( heav51 & ?is 9 pres5ce ( ! heav5ly ho/ assembl$-- ,:5 ! morn+ />s sang toge!r1 ,& all ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy4#a ,footnote #a3 ,job xxxviii4 #g4 ,! sons ( ,god are cle>ly ! angels 7cf4 ,job i1 #f74 ,! same idea c be ga!r$ f ! text :i* ,i h plac$ on ! title-page ( ?is book4 ,by fai? we und]/& t ! aeons 7! :ole sy/em ( nature 9 its v>i\s bran*es1 physical1 moral1 & social7 7 orda9$ 7,greek3 kata]ti/hai7 by ! ^w ( ,god4 ,! process ( actual developm5t is "h pass$ ov]1 z n be+ ! ma9 ?+2 :at attracts att5tion is ! ,div9e ,design1 ! fram+ ( ! wond]ful ideal or ord9ance )\t :i* ! aeons c\ld n proce$ to unfold !mselves4 ,i d n mean1 ( c\rse1 = a mom5t to imply t1 aft] ,god _h =mulat$ ! laws & design$ ! =ms1 ,he left ! work+ out ( ! results to !mselves4 ,i %\ld be sorry if1 9 br++ into prom95ce :at has g5]ally be5 ov]look$1 ,i seem$ to ?r[ ! re/ 9 ! %ade4 ,god's provid5ce & cont9u$ sup]vision are z important 9 !mselves z ! orig9al design3--b ?is is n ! c5tral idea embodi$ 9 ! passage4 ,!re is ano!r ,scriptural allusion :i* sugge/s ! idea ( a ,heav5ly ,conclave1 & great act ( ,creation 9 heav54 ,x may be consid]$ some:at remote1 & ev5 fanciful--b ! fact is record$ bo? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new1 & some?+ mu/ be meant by x4 ,&1 moreov]1 o!r & v mean+less int]pretations h be5 f ! e>lie/ times giv51 s t ,i c h>dly omit ! subject if ,i w\ld4 ,i ref] to ! p]man5t pres5ce 9 heav51 ar\nd ! ,div9e ,?rone1 ( ! s+ul> =ms ( be+ call$ ,*]ubim1 :i* seem to indicate "s my/]i\s connection betwe5 ! life-=ms ( e>? & ! inhabitants ( heav51 & "s p]man5t repres5tation ( typical creat$ =ms 9 heav54 ,9 ,ezekiel1 *apt] i41 & aga9 9 *apt] x41 ?is vision is pres5t$ to u4 ,! prophet 0 to be prep>$1 by a v vivid exhibition ( ! p[] & glory ( ,god z ! ,au?or & ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 to appreciate ! dep? ( degradation to :i* ! ,jews _h fall5 9 _! rejection ( su* a ,god z _! ,"l & ,k+ & ( ! ju/ice ( ! t]rible ov]?r[ :i* 0 ! consequ5ce ( t rejection4 ,! vision !n display$ 7z ,i und]/& x7 ,,god surr\nd$ by ! typical =ms ( creation & ! irresi/ible =ces ( nature4 ,all =ms ( life1 all en]gies ( nature1 7 ?us %[n to be ,8 creatures4 ,!re1 ar\nd ! ?rone1 7 f\r *]ubim ( rem>kable appe>ance4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by ! appe>ances ( fi]y orbs l b]yl /ones1 revolv+ 9 all directions ) ceaseless en]gy4 ,any acc\nt ( ?is vision t ,i c give is1 h[ev]1 pitiable beside ! inexpressibly sublime picture drawn 9 ,ezekiel1 to :i* ,i mu/ ref] ! read] = 8 own /udy4 ,& imag9e :at ! feel+s ( ! prophet mu/ h be5 :51 fre% f ! impression ( ?is gr&eur ( ,creation--?is glory & irresi/ible p[] ( ,god z ! ,c5tre & great ,mov] ( all1 he 0 tak5 to witness ! pitiable sight ( ! ,jews turn+ away f ,8 wor%ip1 & to see _! eld]s burn+ inc5se be=e walls cov]$ ) e =m ( creep+ ?+s & abom9able bea/s--all ! idols ( ! h\se ( ,israel6#a ,h[ mu/ ! vision h prep>$ him to realize ! dep? ( degradation ) :i* he _h to cont5d1 & h fir$ him ) en]gy to d5\nce x6 ,!re is1 !n1 ,i ?9k1 consid]able probability 9 ! cont5tion t ! vision repres5ts ,god 9 ,creation1 surr\nd$ by ! types ( creation & ! =ces ( nature4 ,!re is1 no d\bt1 ! anci5t tradition t ! f\r ,*]ubim meant ! f\r ,gospels2 & ?is has n[ become deeply associat$ ) ecclesia/ical symbolism4 ,b ,i submit t ?is is only a fancy :i* c be/ be left to *ur* embroid]y & /a9$ w9d[s2 x is unwor?y ( any s]i\s notice4 ,! be+s are describ$1 x w be obs]v$1 ) great m9ut5ess3 all h ! same *>act]i/ic p[]s ( rapid motion1 & all h human h&s1 a fact t s /rikes ! prophet t he repeats x ?ree times4#b ,^! f\r ,*]ubim1 !n1 seem to me cle>ly to indicate ! ar*etypes ( ,creation1 ! great design-=ms ( creat$ life1 %[+ !mselves ! progressive scale f ! ,animal to ! ,man & ! ,angel4 ,& ^! f\r great types exactly answ] to ! result+ gr\ps ( creat$ life4 ,we h ! developm5t ( ,reptilia into ,birds z "o f9al type2 consequ5tly "o face ( ea* *]ub has ! ,bird type--! ,eagle head#c4 ,two o!r faces on ea* give u ! ,animal type1 "o repres5t+ aga9 ! great ord] ,c>nivora 7! ,lion71 ! o!r ! ,h]bivor\s ,ungulates 7! ,ox or ,calf72 :ile ! f\r? face indicates ! la/ developm5t1 ,man4 ,footnote #a3 ,ezek4 viii4 #aj4 ,footnote #b3 ,see *apt]s i4 #h1 x4 #h1 & x4 #ba4 ,rem>k1 9 pass+1 t ! human h& has always be5 ! subject ( wond] z an evid5ce ( ,div9e skill 9 ,creation4 ,sir ,*>les ,bell's ,bridgewat] treatise1 on ! human h& z illu/rat+ ! pro( ( ,div9e wisdom & contrivance 9 ,creation1 is j z good an argum5t = ,design n[ z ev] x 04 ,i _c "h resi/ ! temptation to notice "o ( ^? small po9ts 9 :i* ! accuracy ( ! ,bible is s con/antly br\ght to light4 ,! popul> notion ( angels gives !m w+s z well z h&s--a =m q impossible f ! natural hi/ory po9t ( view2 all animals ( ! v]tebrate ord]s nev] h m ?an two pairs ( limbs4 ,& 9 w+$ animals ! =e-limbs become w+s4 ,! popul> notion ab\t angels is1 h[ev]1 arti/ic1 n ,biblical4 ,j ! contr>y 9 fact4 ,"h is a vision ( a my/]i\s =m ) w+s & h&s1 b h[8--! figures are f\rfold2 & be+ w+$1 ea* division might h be5 w+$ l ! eagle1 s ea* *]ub w\ld h _h eight w+s4 ,b z "o ( ! divisions _h a human face & human h&s1 ! prophet only saw six w+s to ea*1 leav+ "o division :]e1 nature's ,div9e type be+ obey$1 !re 7 h&s1 & consequ5tly no w+s4 ,footnote #c3 ,reptiles are unrepres5t$1 p]haps z n be+ a f9al type4 ,i w\ld say "h1 z reg>ds ! animal creation be+ repres5t$ by a d\ble =m1 t x is mo/ curi\s to notice t ?is d\ble division ( animals is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,scripture1 & seems to h its c\nt]p>t 9 ! actual facts ( creation on e>?4 ,accompany+ ^! creat$ be+s 9 ?is rem>kable vision 7 :eels :i* appe>$ to be sph]es )9 sph]es1 revolv+ ) ceaseless activity & nev] turn+1 b always go+ =w>d4 ,! :eels 7 full ( eyes4 ,x appe>s to me probable t ^! symbolize--& if s ! symbol is at once full ( mean+ & gr&eur--! inevitable1 ev] wakeful en]gies & =ces ( nature1 ! m>vell\s ag5cy ( electricity1 *emical aff9ity1 heat1 attraction1 repulsion1 & s =?4 ,we are accu/om$ to speak ( bl9d =ce2 b "h obs]ve ! :eels are full ( eyes1 ev] vigilant to fulfil ! purpose = :i* !y are appo9t$4 ,& ?is repres5tation ( =ces appe>s necess>y to complete a symbolic repres5tation ( ,god 9 nature3 s9ce ! _w is made up ( dead matt]1 ( liv+ =ms1 & ( =ces or en]gies :i* are 9 ceaseless motion & action1 produc+ ! *anges :i* 9 fact con/itute ! work+ ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 !re=e1 t ! imag]y ( ?is vision l5d support to ! belief t !re 0 a great ,creation enact$ 9 heav51 :i* 0 foll[$ by ! actual c>ry+ out ( ! processes on e>?1 b :i* has reta9$ its repres5tative =ms 9 ! heav5 itself4 ,_h ?is vision /ood alone1 x might h be5 pass$ ov]1 on ! gr\nd t x deals ) high & transc5d5tal matt]s1 & t x w\ld be h>dly safe to let a practical argum5t re/ too mu* on x4 ,b ! fact is t aga9 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t a v simil> vision is m5tion$ 79 ! f\r? *apt] ( ! ,book ( ,revelation73 "h aga9 ! f\r liv+ creatures repres5t ! typical =ms ( life1 ! bird1 ! c>nivor\s & h]bivor\s animals1 & man2 & x w be obs]v$ t 9 ?is case !re is h>dly room to d\bt t we h an exhibition ( ,creation1 = !re is express allusion to x 9 ! address ( ! eld]s--,?\ ha/ creat$ all ?+s1 & = ,?y pleasure !y are & 7 creat$4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,& ,,support$ ,,by ,,! ,,context4 ,b a /ep fur!r is necess>y3 if ! conclusion t ,i h come to1 by accept+ day 9 its ord9>y & natural s5se1 & by giv+ a hi!rto ov]look$ 7& s f> a new7 mean+ to creation1 is s\nd1 x mu/ n only be r5d]$ probable by ref]5ce to o!r p>ts ( ,scripture writt5 :5 ,g5esis 0 mu* ne>] its orig9al publication ?an x is n[2 x is /ill 7be=e all ?+s7 necess>y1 t ! int]pretation adopt$ %\ld be con=mable to ! context4 ,& ,i h he>d x object$ t !re are v]ses :i* imply n only a ,div9e ,act 9 heav51 ) ! ,sons ( ,god 9 conclave ar\nd ! ?rone--sublime & wond]ful picture6--b also di/9ctly indicate a correspond+ action on e>?1 & s require u to include 9 our r5d]+ ( creation bo? ! ideas :i* 7page #afi ante7 ,i h admitt$ may1 on occasion be requir$ by ! t]ms4 ,= example3 aft] ! creative comm& 9 v]ses #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ae1 & #bd1 is decl>$1 x is foll[$ by ! words ( fulfilm5t--& x 0 s2 & 9 v]se #aa1 :5 ,god has said ,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 c41 9 ! next v]se x is positively record$ t ! e>? did br+ =? grass1 c4 ,i ( c\rse admit all ?is1 b x is 9 no way oppos$ to my sugge/ion4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! result probably1 if n necess>ily1 foll[$ imm$iately on ! issue ( ! f9i%$ comm&1 viz41 ! promulgation ( ! =ms to be obta9$ & ! processes to be foll[$4 ,! :ole result did n become accompli%$ !n & !re1 9 ! "t m5tion$1 or exactly 9 ! ord] m5tion$3 we "k t = a fact4 ,take1 = example1 ! case ( vegetation4 ,"h ! au?or1 9 t]ms at once precise & univ]sally intelligible1 speaks ( vegetation#a 7grass ( ! ,a4,v471 h]b yield+ se$1 & trees yield+ fruit1 !reby exhau/ively enum]at+ ! memb]s ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,footnote #a3 ,no?+ m is meant by ! ,hebrew de%e4 ,! true grasses 7gram9ea71--c]eals1 bamboos1 c41 are c]ta9ly n int5d$1 = ^! are all conspicu\sly fl[]+ plants1 h]bs yield+ se$1 & !re=e com+ "u ! second pla9ly def9$ gr\p4 ,b ! g5]al t]m spr\tage or vegetation is j adapt$ to signify ! mass ( cryptogamic plant-life1 ! mosses1 li*5s1 algae1 & !n f]ns1 c41 :i* evid5tly =m$ ! fir/ /age ( plant-life on ! globe4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re 0 no "o long 7or %ort7 p]iod dur+ :i* ! :ole ( ?is comm& 0 realiz$1 be=e ! next creative act occurr$4 ,at fir/ algae & l[ =ms ( vegetable life appe>$2 & d\btless we h lo/ myriads ^u myriads ( su* l[] =ms ( plant-life 9 ! e>ly /rata1 because su* =ms 7 ill calculat$ = fossil-pres]vation1 ow+ to ! abs5ce ( woody fibre1 silici\s cas+1 or h>d fruit or se$ vessels4 ,b :5 we fir/ h a m>k$ accumulation ( specializ$ plant-life 9 ! coal measures 7,upp] ,c>bonif]\s71 x is /ill only ( cryptogams--f]ns & great club mosses4 ,a beg9n+ ( true se$-be>+ plants 7,gymnosp]m exog5s7 _h be5 made ) ! conif]s ( ! ,devonian /rata2 b true grasses1 & ! o!r ord]s ( phan]ogamic plants & arbore\s vegetation1 d n appe> till ! t]ti>y rocks 7 deposit$1 v long aft] ! age ( fi% & great reptiles _h culm9at$1 & ! inauguration ( ! bird age & ! mammalian age _h tak5 place4 ,look+ only to ! abundant1 prom95t1 & *>act]i/ic life-=ms ( ! sev]al /rata1 x c\ld c]ta9ly be said t ! p]iod :5 ! wat] actually br\ght =? a va/ mass ( its life-=ms--corals1 s]tul>ias1 cru/aceans1 & fi% ( ! l[] ord]s--mu/ h prec$$ 7n foll[$7 ! "t :5 ! e>? produc$ vegetation ( all k9ds1 & fur!r t x mu/ h come aft] ! appe>ance ( scorpions & "s l& insects4#a ,footnote #a3 ,a s+le w+ f\nd little m ?an a ye> ago is ! sole evid5ce ( insects old] ?an ! ,devonian2 & scorpions 7highly-organiz$ cru/aceans7 h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,upp] ,silurian 9 "s abundance4 ,moreov]1 z ! regul> succession 9 p]iods ( light & d>kness on ! e>?1 & ! sequ5ce ( seasons 0 n organiz$ 7b only a g5]ally diffus$ light1 &1 probably1 an uni=m & moi/ /ate ( climate )\t seasons7 till aft] ! comm&s = ! =mation ( ! :ole ( ! l>ge classes ( plants1 bo? cryptogams & phan]ogams1 x is obvi\s t z _m ( ^! w\ld require ! full] developm5t ( seasonal influ5ces1 ! :ole process c\ld n h be5 work$ out be=e ! f\r? day's creative "w 0 begun4 ,?is in/ance alone--& x w\ld be easy to add o!rs--%[s t ! n>rative _c be meant to indicate :at actually happ5$ on e>?1 i4e41 to summ>ize ! entire realization ( ! ,div9e comm&4 ,su* be+ ! pla9 facts ) reg>d to ! k9d ( accompli%m5t meant by ! t]ms x 0 s1 ! e>? br\ght =?1 c41 x is q pla9 t no viol5ce is done to ! text by expla9+ x z int5d$ to describe :at ,god did 9 heav51 ) ! addition1 t z ea* comm& 0 =mulat$1 ! result on e>? surely foll[$1 ! ?+ 0 s1 & ! e>? & wat] respectively no d\bt began to br+ =?4 ,m ?an ?is _c be made out on any int]pretation t accords ) facts4 ,x seems s cle> to me t ?is is s1 t ,i h>dly ne$ ref] to ! use ( ! t]ms ! wat]s br\ght =? & ! e>? br\ght =? & ! phrase 9 *apt] ii4 #e--! ,"l made e plant be=e x grew4 ,if1 z we h be5 long all[$ to suppose1 ,god spake & ! wat] & e>? 7 at once fully & f9ally peopl$ ) animals :]e be=e no?+ b plants _h exi/$1 & s on1 ,i %\ld h>dly h expect$ ! use ( words :i* imply a gradual process--a ge/ation & subsequ5t bir? 7s to speak7 ( life-=ms4 ,h[ ! ord] 9 :i* ! ev5ts are record$ /&s 9 relation to ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( life-developm5t on e>?1 & :at its significance may be1 ,i w consid] lat] on4 ,fir/ ,i w conclude ! argum5t = ! g5]al int]pretation ( ! n>rative4 #b4 ,! ,second ,g5esis ,n>rative4 ,i h only "o m direct argum5t to (f]2 b ,i ?9k x is a v important "o4 ,! fir/ division ( ,g5esis ends ) ! ,div9e comm&s creat+ man & ! day ( re/ :i* foll[$4 ,! n>rative end+ at *apt] ii4 v]se #c 7! division ( *apt]s "h1 z else:]e1 is purely arbitr>y71 we h at v]se #d ( *apt] ii1 :at has be5 l\dly proclaim$ z ano!r acc\nt ( ! same ,creation1 :i*1 x is add$ 7arbitr>ily en\gh--b any argum5t w d if only x is aga9/ religion67 is contr>y to ! fir/4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! contradiction is suppos$ to be 9 v]se #ai1 z if !n ! creation ( animals 0 = ! fir/ "t effect$--aft] ! man & 8 helpmate4 ,b x is q cle> t ! text ref]s to ! fact t ,god _h creat$ animals2 ! comm& 01 ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 & ! imm$iate act spok5 ( 0 n ! =mation ( animals1 b ! br++ ( !m to ,adam to see :at he w\ld call !m4 ,n[1 ev5 if !re is a second acc\nt ( ,creation1 x w\ld surely be a circum/ance some:at difficult to expla94 ,contr>y 9 any possible s5se1 ! n>rative 7f *apt] ii4 #d1 onw>d7 c]ta9ly is n4 ,b :y %\ld !re be a second n>rative at all8 ,on ! hi!rto receiv$ supposition t *apt] i4 int5ds to tells u ! process ( creation--:at ,god caus$ to be done on e>?1 n m]ely :at ,he did 9 heav5--!re is app>5tly no room = a second n>rative4 ,nor h ,i se5 any completely satisfactory explanation4 ,b if we accept ! view t ! fir/ *apt] expla9s ! ,div9e ,design1 & its be+ publi%$ 7s to speak7 & comm&$ 9 heav51 !n x w\ld be v natural t t n>rative %\ld be foll[$ by a second1 :i* %\ld detail n ! :ole process ( all life exi/5ce on e>?1 b 7z ! ,bible is to be h5ce=? conc]n$ ) ,man1 8 fall & 8 r$emption7 ) an acc\nt ( j s mu* ( ! process z relates to ! actual bir? on ! e>?'s surface ( ! p>ticul> man ,adam1 ! mo/ important 7& possibly n ! only7 outcome ( ! fiat record$ 9 *apt] i4 v]s4 #bg1 #bh4 ,9 ?is view1 n only a second n>rative1 b j ! p>ticul> k9d ( n>rative we actually h1 is n only natural1 b ev5 necess>y4 ,be=e1 we _h a g5]al acc\nt ( h[ ,god orda9$ ! s*eme ( mat]ial-=m & life-=m on ! e>?2 n[ we h a detail$ acc\nt ( h[ ,he actually c>ri$ out "o portion ( x--t "o portion we are mo/ conc]n$ to he> ab\t1 namely ! man ,adam1 ! prog5itor ( our own race1 ( :om came ,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ! son ( ,adam4#a ,! acc\nt is design$ to introduce to u ! sc5e ( ,adam's bir?place--! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54#b ,! m5tion ( a g>d51 & ! subsequ5t important connection ( ! trees ( t g>d5 ) ! conduct ( ! man1 naturally turn ! writ]'s att5tion to ! g5]al subject ( ! vegetation on ! e>?'s surface4 ,he prefaces 8 new acc\nt accord+ly ) a brief summ>y--:i* ,i may p>aphrase ?us )\t1 ,i tru/1 dep>t+ f ! s5se ( ! orig9al3 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! e>? 7& all 9 x7 & ( ! heav5ly ho/1 at ! "t :5 ,god made !m4 ,he _h made e plant be=e x 0 9 ! e>?--e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew 7m>k ! language z confirm+ :at ,i h said--,god creat$ ev]y?+ be=e x actually develop$ & grew into be+ on ! e>?74 ,ra9 did n !n fall 79 ! same way z n[7 on ! e>?1 b ! mi/ t exhal$ f ! soil re-cond5s$1 & fell & moi/5$ ! gr\nd2 b !re 0 z yet no ,,man to till & cultivate ! soil4 ,footnote #a3 ,/4 ,luke iii4 #ch4 ,footnote #b3 ,:i* _h a real hi/oric exi/5ce4 ,vide ,app5dix ,a4 ,!n ,god actually =m$ or fa%ion$ a man4 ,x is n n[ t ,he creat$ ! ideal =m to be produc$ 9 due "t1 b t ,he actually =m$ ! individual ,adam1 & plac$ him 9 a g>d5 :i* ,he _h prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,all ! words us$ n[ imply actual production4 ,! ,div9e ideal 0 ready1 & ! e>?-elem5ts 7( :i* we "k man's body to consi/7 7 ready at ! ,div9e ^w to assume ! human %ape4 ,& t done1 ,god brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life 7m>k ! direct act on ! man himself71 & ! man became a liv+ s\l4 ,!re is no?+ "h ( ! e>? br++ =? z 9 ! =m] n>rative4 ,we h ! direct act ( ,god1 n 9 ! design only1 b 9 ! production ( ! ?+ itself4 ,if ?is is n a complete explanation & ju/ification ( ! second n>rative1 ,i d n "k :at1 9 common fairness1 is entitl$ to be s call$4 ,! language may be rigor\sly exam9$1 & x w fully be> out ! position tak5 up4 ,i conceive1 !n1 t ! cumulation ( pro( ne$ g no fur!r4 ,! true explanation ( ,g5esis i4 also supplies ! place = ,g5esis ii4 #d1 et seq41 & ov]comes all ! difficulty t has hi!rto exi/$ on ! subject4 ,x w n[1 ,i tru/1 be cle> t by su* an int]pretation ( ,g5esis we at once give 7#a7 a full & natural mean+ to all ! t]ms2 we reconcile x ) o!r ,scripture1 & we enhance all ! sublime attributes :i* we h be5 rev]5tially accu/om$ to connect ) ?is anci5t passage4 7#b7 ,we obviate ! difficulty reg>d+ ! second n>rative 9 *apt] ii4 #d4 ,& 7#c7 we place ! :ole above any possible conflict ) sci5ce1 & above any ne$ = reconciliation4 ,"h1 too1 is a purpose & mean+ assign$ to ! :ole n>rative1 )\t be+ driv5 into ! difficult position ( suppos+ ! v]ses to be ! lit]>y outcome ( an ignorant imag9ation :i* gave expression to its crude ideas only--?\gh en%r9+ among utt]ly false details a sublime tru?1 reg>d+ :i* "o c only wond] :y x c\ld n h be5 /at$ )\t ! encumbrance ( ! surr\nd+s4 ,! naturali/ & ! biologi/ may cont9ue1 unque/ion$1 to "w out m & m ( ! wondr\s /ory ( ,life on ! globe4 ,!y c nev] disprove1 or on any ( _! own gr\nds d5y1 t ,god is ! ,au?or ( all ?+s--matt]1 =ce1 & m9d alike2 t ,he design$ ! =m & relations ( ! e>?2 t ,he organiz$ its light1 its seasons1 & its *anges2 t ,he has furni%$ ! types & patt]ns ( all life-=ms :i* matt] & =ce are con=mably !reto1 develop+ on ! e>?4 ,9 %ort1 ,,revelation tells u t ,god did all ?is 9 ! beg9n+1 h[ ,8 =m-designs 7 ?\ght out & decl>$ 9 six days1 & h[ ,he re/$ on ! sev5? day4 ,,sci5ce w tell u h[1 :51 & :]e ! ,creative fiats & ! designs ( heav5 7 realiz$ & work$ out on e>?4 ,"h is ! sep>ate prov9ce ( ea*1 )\t fe> ( cla%+1 or room = controv]sy4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,creation ,,n>rative4 #a4 ,! ,explanation ( ! ,v]ses4 ,x rema9s only n[ to g ov] ! n>rative1 ! g5]al be>+ ( :i* ,i h ?us endeav\r$ to v9dicate1 s t m9or matt]s ( detail1 9 :i* x is suppos$ 7#a7 t "s contradiction to kn[n physical fact may /ill lurk1 & 7#b7 some?+ t negatives ! explanation sugge/$1 may be cle>$ up4 ,let u take x s]iatim3-- ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 7plural 9 ! orig9al7 & ! e>?4 ,z ,i h be=e rem>k$1 we h no real ne$ to discuss :e!r b>a means orig9at$ 7creat$ :]e no?+ previ\sly exi/$71 or :e!r we %\ld r5d] x fa%ion$1 i4e41 m\ld$ mat]ial 7?us assum$ 9 t]ms to be7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,ei!r w yield p]fectly good & consi/5t s5se2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 !re is a virtual cons5sus ( ! be/ s*ol>s t ! ^w is "h us$ to d5ote orig9al production ( ! mat]ial4 ,x is also cle> t ! text is int5d$ to embrace ! :ole sy/em ( planets1 suns1 />s1 & :atev] else is 9 space4 ,s ! ,psalmi/ und]/ood x3 ,by ! ^w ( ! ,"l 7 ! heav5s made1 & all ! ho/ ( !m by ! brea? ( 8 m\?4#a ,nor is !re any reasonable d\bt1 exegetically1 t ! subsequ5t allusion to ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 ref]s 7z ! s5se ( ! text itself obvi\sly requires7 to _! appo9tm5t or adju/m5t to c]ta9 relations ) ! e>?1 & assumes _! orig9al mat]ial production 9 space1 to h be5 already /at$ or und]/ood4 ,& ! e>? 0 7became7 )\t =m#b & void1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep4 ,& ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,i h1 9 ano!r connection1 already rem>k$ on ?is v]se1 & s %all n repeat ^? rem>ks4 ,footnote #a3 ,psa4 xxxiii4 #f1 & s ,psa4 cii4 #be2 cf4 #b ,pet] iii4 #e4 ,footnote #b3 ,wa/e 7,r4,v474 ,i w only say t ! elem5tal /rife & ru%+ toge!r ( *emical elem5ts "u ! /ress ( v>i\s =ces & ! pres5ce ( enorm\s heat1 w\ld naturally envelop ! globe 9 d5se vap\rs1 a l>ge portion ( :i* w\ld be wat]y vap\r1 capable ( cond5sation or ( disp]sion1 "u prop] conditions1 aft]w>ds to be prescrib$ & realiz$4 ,z x is beautifully express$ 9 ,job xxxviii41 ,:5 ,i made ! cl\d ! g>m5t !re(1 & ?ick d>kness a swaddl+-b& = x 7v]se #h74 ,!n comm5ces ! s]ial ord] ( ,div9e acts ) ref]5ce to ! ,e>?3-- 7#a7 ,,& ,,god ,,said2 ,,let ,,!re ,,be ,,light3 ,,& ,,!re ,,0 ,,light4 ,?is v]se is commonly tak5 z indicat+ a creation ( light = ! fir/ "t 9 ! entire cosmos or univ]se4 ,& if x be s1 !re is no objection1 on any sci5tific gr\nd1 to ! ass]tion t !re 0 once a "t :5 z yet ! vibrations & waves :i* we connect ) ! idea ( ,light1 _h n yet begun4 ,x is true t nebul> matt]1 z n[ obs]v$1 is believ$ to be1 p>tially at any rate1 self-lum9\s4 ,b ?is fact1 suppos+ x to be su*1 is n inconsi/5t ) a /ill e>li] "t :5 light _h n yet begun4 ,f ! wave-!ory ( light1 :i* is "o ( ^? work+ hypo!ses :i* are indisp5sable1 & :i*1 9 a s5se1 may be said to be demon/rat$ by _! indisp5sability1 x c cle>ly be se5 t if light is caus$ by rapid vibrational movem5t1 !re mu/ h be5--or at any rate !re is no?+ aga9/ an au?oritative decl>ation t !re 0--a mom5t ( "t :5 ! fir/ vibrational impulse 0 giv51 :51 9 fact1 ,god said ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light1 be=e :i* also !re 0 d>kness ^u ! face ( ! deep4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x also ne$s only to be rem>k$1 9 pass+1 t we are really 9 complete ignorance z to ! light-m$ium1 ! lum9if]\s-e!r outside ! comp>atively ?9 /ratum ( our own t]re/rial atmosph]e4 ,we d n "k :e!r !re might n h be5 a condition ( ! m$ium 9 :i*1 up to ! mom5t ( a creative fiat1 x 0 incapable ( transmitt+ light-waves4 ,!re is no necess>y connection betwe5 ! creation ( light p] se1 & ! exi/5ce ( any p>ticul> s\rce 7or s\rces7 ( light to our planet or to o!r planets4 ,no ju/ification is n[ ne$$ = su* a rem>k1 & ! almo/ =gott5 cavils ( "o ( ! ,essays & ,reviews may /ill survive z a sci5tific curiosity1 to w>n u aga9/ too ha/ily conclud+ t 79 subjects :]e s little is really kn[n7 ! ,bible mu/ be wrong1 & ! fav\rite hypo!sis ( ! day "r4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 ! text1 especially :5 read 9 connection ) ,job xxxviii41 ne$ n be tak5 to ref] to any orig9al creation ( light 9 ! univ]se g5]ally1 b m]ely to ! lett+ 9 ( light on ! hi!rto d>k & wa/e e>?4 ,! comm& ,let !re be light 0 foll[$ on ! next day by ! =mation ( a firmam5t or expanse4 ,s t all ! v]se necess>ily implies is1 t ! ?ick cl\ds & vap\rs :i* surr\nd$ ! e>? 7 s dealt )1 t light c\ld rea* ! e>?3 ! light 0 ?us divid$ f ! d>kness1 & ! rotat+ globe w\ld exp]i5ce ! alt]nation ( day & night4 ,! day hav+ ?us be5 creat$ =mally 7s to speak71 ! ,div9e ,au?or proce$s to m>k1 by ,8 own ,proc$ure1 ! use ( ! days :i* ,he _h provid$ = ! e>?4 ,on ?is view1 ( c\rse1 ! orig9 ( light z a =ce--! fir/ beg9n+ ( its pulsations--is n detail$1 any m ?an ! orig9 ( electric =ce1 or heat1 or gravitation4 ,"h1 too1 ,i may rem>k t ! idea ( creation1 :i* x has be5 "o ( my *ief objects to develop1 is illu/rat$4 ,?is rem>k holds good1 :e!r an orig9al creation ( light is int5d$1 or only an arrangem5t :]eby light 0 = ! fir/ "t introduc$ to ! e>?'s surface4 ,! idea ( creat+ light n only involves ! ,div9e ,conception ( ! ?+1 & ! m>vell\s me?od ( its production1#a b d\btless1 also1 all ^? wond]ful laws ( reflection1 refraction1 pol>ization1 & a ?\s& o!rs1 :i* ! sci5ce ( ,physical ,optics inve/igates4 ,footnote #a3 ,& ?is is /ill a my/]y to u4 ,:at light is we d n "k--we c only speak ( our own s5sation ( x4 ,nor d we "k :at vibrates to produce light4 ,hypo!tical t]ms1 su* z e!r1 lum9if]\s-m$ium1 & s =?1 only conceal our ignorance4 ,naturally en\gh1 9 ?is case1 ! d\ble idea involv$ 9 creation--! ,div9e concept & its realization--w1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 fall into "o4 ,no process ( evolution is requir$2 none is indicat$ by sci5ce4 ,directly ! ,div9e h& gave ! impulse concurr5tly ) ! ,div9e ?\ght--light w\ld be4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s !re is no place = a l9e betwe5 ! ,div9e fiat & its realization1 z !re is 9 ! production ( life-=ms on ! e>?4 ,or1 on ! o!r view1 directly ! ,div9e comm& w5t =?1 ! vap\rs w\ld cle> & all[ ! transmission ( light4 7#b7 ,,& ,,god ,,said1 ,,let ,,!re ,,be ,a ,,firmam5t 7,,expanse7 ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,! ,,wat]s1 ,,& ,,let ,,x ,,divide ,,! ,,wat]s ,,f ,,! ,,wat]s4444,,& ,,god ,,call$ ,,! ,,firmam5t ,,heav54 ,!re has be5 ga!r$ r\nd ?is v]se :at ,i may call r an ill-natur$ controv]sy1 because !re is no real gr\nd = x2 & ! objections tak5 seem r ( a desire to f9d out some?+ aga9/ ! n>rative at any price1 ?an to make ! be/ ( x4 ,! v]se1 :5 duly translat$1 implies t an expanse--! sett+ ( a cle> space ( atmosph]e ar\nd ! globe--=m$ "o ( ! special design-?\ghts ( ! ,creator1 foll[$ by its imm$iate 7or gradual7 accompli%m5t4 ,i ?9k we %\ld h h>dly _h s mu* cavill+ ov] ?is ^w expanse if x _h n be5 = ! t]m subsequ5tly us$ by ! ,sev5ty 9 _! ,greek v]sion 7,greek3 /]ema74 ,! anci5ts1 x is said1 believ$ ! space above ! e>? to be solid4 ,n[ ,i w\ld cont5d t ev5 if ! ,hebrew writ] _h any mi/ak5 or confus$ notions 9 8 own m9d1 t w\ld n af=d any j gr\nd aga9/ revelation itself4 ,b ,i w\ld po9t out t _m ( ! expressions :i* may be quot$ to %[ ! idea ( solidity1 are cle>ly poetical4 ,& if we g to ! poetic or semi-poetic aspect ( ?+s1 may ,i n ask :e!r !re is n a c]ta9 s5se 9 :i* ! e>?-envelope may be said to be solid8 ,! air has a consid]able d5sity1 its uni=m & inexorable pressure on e squ>e in* ( ! e>?'s surface is v great4 ,su* a ^w z ,greek3 /]ema 7firmam5tum7 does n imply solidity 9 ! s5se 9 :i* gold is solid--z if ! heav5s 7 a mass ( metal1 & ! />s set 9 x l jewels2 x implies1 r1 some?+ fix$ & (f]+ resi/ance4 ,x is obvi\s t a creative act 0 necess>y = ?is expanse4 ,we "k ( sph]es t h no atmosph]e2 & we are s ignorant ( ! true nature ( :at is beyond ! utmo/ rea* ( our air-/ratum1 t !re is room = almo/ any consi/5t conjecture reg>d+ x4 ,moreov]1 obs]ve t ! atmosph]e is n a *emical comb9ation ( gases1 & "o1 !re=e1 t w\ld take place l any o!r ( ! metallic1 sal9e1 or gase\s comb9ations1 ( :i* no detail$ acc\nt is giv5--all be+ cov]$ by ! g5]al phrase1 ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,! air is a me*anical mixture1 po9t+ to a special design & a special act ( orig94 ,! necess>y proportions ( ea* gas & its comb9$ prop]ties c\ld n h orig9at$ )\t guidance4 ,b ! ma9 purpose ( ! expanse1 z /at$ 9 ! text1 0 to regulate ! wat] supply4 ,t va/ masses ( wat]y vap\r mu/ at "o "t h envelop$ ! globe1 seems probable--ap>t f revelation2 & t "p ( ?is %\ld cond5se into seas & fre%-wat]1 & "p rema9 susp5d$ to produce all ! ph5om5a ( invisible air-moi/ure & visible cl\d1 :ile an expanse 0 set1 s t ! e>? surface %\ld be free1 & t light might freely p5etrate1 & s\nd also1 & t all ! o!r regul> functions ( nature dep5d5t on ! exi/+ relation ( e>? & air %\ld proce$--all ?is 0 v necess>y4 ,& :5 we recollect :at a balanc$ & complex s*eme x is--h[ v f> f be+ a simple ?+2 we recognize 9 ! adju/m5t ( e>?'s atmosph]ic envelope1 a special result wor?y ( ! day's "w4 ,:e!r ! sep>ation betwe5 ! cond5s$ b ev] re-evaporat+ & re-cond5s+ wat] on ! e>?'s surface1 & ! wat] vap\r 9 ! atmosph]e1 is all t is meant by ! division ( ! wat]s t are above ! firmam5t f ^? bel[1 x w\ld n be wise to ass]t4 ,we "k s little ( ! condition ( space beyond our own air1 & s little ( ! great /ores ( hydrog5 :i* h be5 sugge/$ to exi/ 9 space 7& might comb9e to =m va/ quantities ( liquid71 t we may well leave ! phrase z x /&s1 cont5t ) a p>tial explanation4 7#c7 ,,& ,,god ,,said1 ,,let ,,! ,,wat]s ,,"u ,,! ,,heav5 ,,be ,,ga!r$ ,,toge!r ,,unto ,,"o ,,place1 ,,& ,,let ,,! ,,dry ,,l& ,,appe>3 ,,& ,,x ,,0 ,,s4 ,,& ,,god ,,said1 ,,let ,,! ,,e>? ,,put ,,=? ,,grass 7,,vegetation71 ,,h]b ,,yield+ ,,se$1 ,,& ,,fruit ,,tree ,,be>+ ,,fruit ,,aft] ,,its ,,k9d1 ,,:]e9 ,,is ,,! ,,se$ ,,!re(4 ,! only rem>ks t ! fir/ "p ( ?is v]se calls =1 are1 fir/1 t x expla9s h[ f> f m]e *ance-"w ! em]g5ce ( l& f ! wat] 02 second h[ well x illu/rates ! use ( t]ms relat+ to creation4 ,! :ole s*eme ( ! di/ribution ( ! surface ( e>? into l& & wat] is "o :i* dem&$ ,div9e =esight & a complete ideal#a :i* 0 to be atta9$ by ! action & reaction ( natural =ces1 j z mu* z ! production ( ! mo/ specializ$ =m ( plant-or animal-life4 ,footnote #a3 ,comp>e ,job xxxviii4 #aj1 #aa1 & ,psa4 civ4 #i4 ,?is is n ! place to g into detail z to h[ mu* ( ! _w's life-hi/ory & its climatic conditions dep5d on ! di/ribution ( l& & wat]4 ,x is suffici5t to recognize ! imm5se importance ( t di/ribution4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 x w be obs]v$ t :ile x is natural to suppose 7?\gh n logically necess>y7 t ! work+ out ( ! ,div9e plan comm5c$ imm$iately on ! issue ( ! ,div9e comm& & ! decl>$ =mulation ( ! ,div9e s*eme1 yet we "k--few ?+s are bett] kn[n--t ! :ole s*eme 0 n completely realiz$ 9 "o day1 or "o age--c]ta9ly n be=e !re 0 any appe>ance ( plant-life1 aquatic1 or dry l&1 or any appe>ance ( animal-life4 ,i believe 7?\gh ,i h lo/ my ref]5ce7 x is held by "s au?orities t ! position ( ! great oceans z !y are n[ 7& omitt+1 ( c\rse1 all m9or coa/ v>iations7 has be5 fix$ f v e>ly geologic times4 ,b1 ap>t f t1 we h ample evid5ce ( :ole cont95ts aris+ & be+ aga9 subm]g$2 & ( cont9ual *anges betwe5 l& & wat] ( ! mo/ wide-rea*+ "* aga9 & aga9 happ5+ dur+ ! progress ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,s t "h we may see cle>ly an in/ance :]e ! revelation ( ! creative act mu/ be held to ref] to ! great primal design--tea*+ u t x is a fact t at fir/ all 0 laid d[n1 =ese51 & design$ by ! ,creator2 b n ref]r+ to any?+ l an acc\nt ( ! results ^u e>?1 :i*1 = aught we "k to ! contr>y1 may n yet be complete4 ,z to ! second "p ( ! text1 we are "h introduc$ to ! comm5cem5t ( life-=ms on e>?4 ,no sep>ation is record$4 ,directly ! *emical elem5ts ( matt] h s comb9$ t a solid e>? & liquid wat] 7salt & fre%7 are =m$1 & ! cool+ process has gone on suffici5tly long to enable ! d5se vap\rs p>tly to settle d[n & cond5se1 p>tly to rema9 z vap\r 7divid+ ! wat]s above f ! wat]s bel[7--directly ?is process is aid$ by ! admission ( diffus$ light & by ! adju/m5t ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! sup]ficial adju/m5t ( ! di/ribution ( wat] & l& surface is provid$ =1 !n plant-life is organiz$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ev5 aquatic plants & algae ?\gh gr[+ 9 or "u wat]1 are nev]!less connect$ ) ! e>?2 s t ! phrase1 ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 is by no means inappropriate4 ,! e>lie/ rock deposits are able to tell u little ab\t ! fir/ beg9n+ ( plant-life4 ,moreov]1 z animal-life began only ) ! int]val ( "o day 7! f\r?71 we %\ld expect to f9d--on ! supposition t ! heav5ly fiat at once receiv$ ! comm5cem5t ( its fulfilm5t on ea* day--t ! fir/ l[ly specim5s ( vegetable & animal life are almo/ coeval4 ,& ?is is 7app>5tly7 ! fact4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t plant & animal always appe> 9 nature z two sep>ate & p>allel k+doms4 ,x is n t ! plant is l[] ?an ! animal1 s t ! highe/ plant takes on x "s ( ! fir/ *>act]s :i* m>k ! l[e/ animal3 b bo? />t sep>ately f m9ute & little specializ$ =ms s simil> t x is extremely difficult to say :i* is plant & :i* is animal4#a ,footnote #a3 ,see ?is well summ>iz$ 9 ,ni*olson's ,manual ( ,zoology 7six? edition1 #ahhj71 p4 #ac1 et seq4 ,all ! beg9n+s ( life 9 ei!r k+dom w\ld !re=e be ill-adapt$ 7mo/ ( !m1 at any rate7 = pres]vation 9 rock-/rata4#a ,footnote #a3 ,i ?9k ?is is q suffici5t1 )\t rely+ on ! evid5ce ( ! great quantities ( c>bon 9 ! e>lie/ 7,laur5tian1 ,huronian1 c47 /rata 9 ! =m ( graphite4 ,x is possible1 or ev5 probable1 t ?is may be due to c>bon suppli$ by masses ( little specializ$ ,?allophyte & ,anophyte vegetation4 ,all we "k = c]ta9 is t vegetable-life 0 closely coeval ) ! l[e/ animal-life1 & t x 0 v long be=e specializ$ =ms1 ev5 ( cryptogams1 made a great %[ 9 ! _w4 ,probability is entirely 9 fav\r ( ! actual priority be+ 9 vegetable =ms2 & m ?an t is n requir$4 ,= ! ,mosaic n>rative1 :ile x places ! orig9 ( ! vegetable k+dom actually fir/1 lets ! fiat = ! animal k+dom foll[ almo/ imm$iately4 ,z to ! ord] ( appe>ance ( ! plants1 ,i w res]ve my rem>ks = ! mom5t4 7#d7 ,,& ,,god ,,said1 ,,let ,,!re ,,be ,,lights ,,9 ,,! ,,firmam5t ,,( ,,! ,,heav51 ,,to ,,divide ,,! ,,day ,,f ,,! ,,night2 ,,& ,,let ,,!m ,,be ,,= ,,signs1 ,,& ,,= ,,seasons1 ,,& ,,= ,,days1 ,,& ,,= ,,ye>s3 ,,& ,,let ,,!m ,,be ,,= ,,lights ,,9 ,,! ,,firmam5t ,,to ,,give ,,light ,,on ,,! ,,e>?4 ,! sun & ! />s1 & all ! ho/ ( heav51 are cle>ly und]/ood to h be5 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+1 "u ! g5]al /atem5t ( fact :i* =ms ! fir/ v]se ( ! n>rative4 ,! #ad? v]se has always be5 und]/ood to ref] to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! relations betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 :i* h1 z a matt] ( fact1 be5 recogniz$ by all ages & all p ev] s9ce4 ,! writ] ( ! #ajd? ,psalm c]ta9ly s und]/ood ! passage-- ,he appo9t$ ! moon = seasons2 ,! sun kn[e? 8 go+ d[n4#a ,! writ] 0 in/ruct$ to use popul>ly intelligible language1 & s ! text speaks ( ! lights z !y appe> 9 ! sky or firmam5t4 ,ev5 if we suppose t be=e ?is act1 ! sun 0 already inc&esc5t1 & ! moon capable ( reflect+ ! light1 ! :ole arrangem5t ( ! e>?'s rotation may h be5 su* t ! alt]nations ( light & d>kness may h be5 v diff]5t f :at !y are n[1 & ! seasons also4 ,a mom5t's reflection reg>d+ ! obliquity ( ! e>?'s axis1 nutation1 ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 ! ecc5tricity ( ! orbit & ! *anges 9 ! position ( ! orbit1 w %[ u :at ample room !re 0 = a special adju/m5t & adaptation betwe5 ! e>? & its satellite & betwe5 bo? to ! sol> c5tre4#b ,s t fai? :i* accepts ?is z a ,div9e arrangem5t made among ! special & =mal acts ( ,creation1 _c be said to be unreasonable1 or to be fly+ 9 ! face ( any kn[n facts4 ,footnote #a3 ,v]4 #ai1 c4 ,! same ^w is also us$ ( mak+ prie/s 7l ,k+s xii4 #ca71 & appo9t+ 7,r4,v477advanc+ ,a4,v471 7mak+1 z we famili>ly say7 ,moses & ,a>on 7#a ,sam4 xii4 #f74 ,footnote #b3 ,& ! ,psalmi/ ju/ly speaks ( ,god z prep>+ ! light ( ! sun 7,psa4 lxxiv4 #af74 ,x is v rem>kable1 z %[+ h[ little we c attribute ?is n>rative1 on any basis ( probability1 to m]e fancy or guess-"w1 t ?is matt] %\ld h be5 assign$ to ! f\r? day--aft] ! fiat = plant-life _h gone =?4 ,b ! fact is t ! unregulat$ light1 & ! vapor\s uni=m climate t mu/ h cont9u$ if ! f\r? day's comm& _h nev] issu$1 ?\gh x might h s]v$ = a "t = ! l[e/ beg9n+s ( life1 especially m>9e or aquatic1 w\ld ultimately h r5d]$ any advance 9 ! s]ies ( design impossible4 ,su* a fact w\ld nev] h occurr$ to an ignorant & un9spir$ writ]4 ,x is "h impossible to say :e!r ! :ole arrangem5ts indicat$ 7 made at once 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,div9e ,design1 or 7 produc$ gradually4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t uni=mity ( climate & temp]ature cont9u$ up till ! c>bonif]\s ages1 at any rate2 & x is only 9 ! lat] ages t su* diff]5ces ( fauna 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w appe>1 z to %[ diff]5ces ( climate m l :at we h at pres5t4 ,:e!r ?is is s or n1 ,i am n conc]n$ to argue4 ,! n>rative tells u t ,god did1 at a c]ta9 po9t 9 8 ,creative "w1 design & orda9 ! necess>y arrangem5ts2 & physical sci5ce may f9d out1 :5 x is able1 h[ & :5 ! adju/m5ts spok5 ( came ab\t4 7#e7 ,,& ,,god ,,said-- 7i47 ,let ! wat]s br+ =? ! mov+ creature t ha? life1 7ii47 ,let f[l fly above ! e>? on ! face ( ! expanse4 ,z to 7i47 ! creation consi/$ (--great sea-mon/]s 7or wat] mon/]s71 & e liv+ ?+ t move?4 ,!n ! animal life receiv$ a bless+4 ,animals1 ev5 ! l[lie/1 are capable ( a new feature 9 life--happ9ess 9 _! be+1 :i* _c be pr$icat$ ( plants4 7#f7 ,,& ,,god ,,said-- 7i47 ,let ! e>? br+ =? ! liv+ creature aft] its k9d 444 ! bea/ ( ! e>? aft] its k9d 7,c>nivora71 cattle aft] its k9d 7,ungulata71 & ev]y?+ t creepe? on ! gr\nd aft] its k9d4#a ,& also-- 7ii47 ,let u make man4444 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image--9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him2 male & female creat$ ,he !m4 7#g7 ,!n foll[$ ! day ( re/4 ,footnote #a3 ,see page #agh4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 #b4 ,! ,ord] ( ,ev5ts consid]$4 ,x 0 conv5i5t fir/ to br+ ^! lat] ,creative ,acts toge!r be=e beg9n+ any rem>ks ab\t any "o ( !m4 ,x w n[ be desirable to notice :at occurr$1 because "h ! "q ( ord] is conc]n$4 ,i c\ld n avoid a p>tial /atem5t on ?is subject at an e>li] page1 nor w\ld x be q suffici5t simply to ref] ! read] back to ^? pages4 ,at ! risk ( "s repetition1 ,i w !re=e consid] ! subject "h4 ,x w be obs]v$ t on ! old] int]pretation1 :i* pass$ ov] ! special act ( ,god 9 design+ & publi%+ ! design1 & desc5d$ at once to ! e>? to ! process ( produc+ ! design$ =ms1 ?is ord] 0 matt] ( great importance4 ,grant+ ! support]s ( ?is view t ! six days are unequal p]iods (t5 ( va/ duration1 ) or )\t important subdivisions1 !y are b\nd to make out t ea* creation began1 & 0 at any rate well advanc$1 be=e ! next began4 ,we ought1 9 fact1 to see a p]iod m or less prolong$ :5 ! :ole ( :at is indicat$ 9 ! plant v]se 0 well advanc$1 be=e any m>9e or fre%-wat] life appe>$ at all4#a ,footnote #a3 ,!re 0 ev5+ & morn+ ( ! ?ird day1 i4e41 beg9n+ & completion1 & also ! :ole int]val ( ! f\r? day1 be=e ! comm& ( ! fif?4 ,all attempts to make out t ?is 0 s1 h prov$ failures4 ,x is assum$1 = in/ance 7& ju/ly s71 t life on ! globe began ) l[ vegetable =ms2 ^! repres5t$ ! grass ( ! text1 & x is sugge/$ t ! fruit tree is repres5t$ by ! ,devonian & ,c>bonif]\s conif]s4 ,?is 9 itself is a v /ra9$ view4 ,x is recollect$ t ! t]ms us$ are n sci5tific1 b = ! _w at l>ge2 b )\t conf9+ fruit tree to mean only trees hav+ edible fruit1 /ill ! appe>ance ( a few fir/ species ( conif]s 9 ! ,devonian1 c h>dly be call$ an adequate fulfilm5t ( ! requirem5ts ( ! passage4 ,b ev5 s1 myriads ( fi% & o!r animals exi/$ be=e ! ,devonian & ,c>bonif]\s plant age4 ,! animal =ms t s exi/$1 h !re=e to be ignor$1 or are assum$ to h be5 creat$ )\t special notice3 & x is said t ! ,mosaic p]iod ( mov+ creatures ( ! deep1 fi%es & mon/]s1 only began :5 ! rocks beg9 to %[ great abundance ( %ells1 ( fi%1 & subsequ5tly ( huge reptilians :i* prep>$ ! way = birds--:i* gradually make _! appe>ance t[>ds ! ,trias4 ,b ! ,devonian age ( fi%es 7,devonian includ+ old r$ s&/one7 0 f> too important a p]iod to be ?us got rid (2 & x is difficult to und]/& :y ! n>rative %\ld exclude all ! ext5sive & beautiful 7?\gh (t5 little specializ$7 ord]s ( m>9e life--all ! ,corals1 ! ,mollusca & ,articulata1 :i* _h long ab\nd$--especially "s ( ! ,cru/aceans1 n an unimportant gr\p ( :i* 7,trilobite#a7 _h also culm9at$ & almo/ pass$ away be=e ! ,devonian2 to say no?+ ( ! fact t l& creep+ ?+s 7scorpions among cru/acea1 & app>5tly w+$ insects7 _h occurr$4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is rem>kable t ! ,trilobites rapidly culm9at$1 s t we h ! l>ge/ & mo/ p]fect =ms1 su* z ,p>adoxus1 ) ! l[e/ 7,agno/us7 9 ! same b$s 9 ,wales 7,e!ridge's ,phillips' ,manual1 ,"p ,,ii4 p4 #cb74 ,x is a special difficulty also1 t if insects are includ$ among ! creep+ ?+s ( ! e>? !n v>i\s families ( ! l&-creation 7six? day7 became repres5t$ be=e ! great reptiles ( ! wat]-creation 7fif? day74 ,! fact is t a glance at ! subjo9$ ,tables 7:i* are only g5]ally & approximately correct7 w suffice to %[ h[ ! ma9 features ( ! progress ( life-=ms diff] f :at is requir$ by ! old] me?ods ( read+ ,g5esis4 ,to r$uce ! table )9 limits1 ,i h gr\p$ toge!r all ! l[] =ms ( life 9 ! animal table1 viz41 ! sponges1 corals1 encr9ites1 & molluscs4 ,x is suffici5t to say t ^! appe> 9 all ! rocks except ! v olde/--! ,cael5t]ata beg9n+1 & ! ,molluscoids exhibit+ an e>ly ord] 9 bra*iopoda1 :i* seems to be dy+ out4 ,cru/aceans & insects appe>$ z e>ly z ,silurian times4 ,! idea ( successive k+doms or p]iods1 ea* ( :i* 0 complete 9 its actual fauna ^u e>? be=e ! next 0 fully u%]$ 91 c no long] be def5d$4 ,x is 9 ! completion ( "o class ( life be=e ! o!r1 t ! fallacy ( ! p]iod !ory lies--= completion is ess5tial to t !ory :i* supposes ! ,mosaic au?or to h int5d$ to describe ! process ( production on e>?4 ,b x is q impossible to d5y t !re is a c]ta9 obs]vable movem5t & gradual procession 9 ! hi/ory ( life :i* is exactly consi/5t ) :at is mo/ likely to h happ5$1 suppos+ ! ,div9e designs ( life-=ms 7 fir/ decl>$ 9 successive ord] at %ort int]vals ( "t1 & !n t ! processes ( nature work$ out ! designs 9 ! fulness ( "t & gradually 9 ord]1 ea* "o beg9n+ be=e ! next1 b only beg9n+4 ,i d n d5y t x is p]fectly conceivable t ! ,creator might h design$ ! =ms 9 "o ord]1 & t ! actual production or evolution ( ! correspond+ liv+ creatures might n h be5 7= reasons n und]/ood7 exactly1 or ev5 at all1 co9cid5t ) ! ord]4 ,b x is impossible to d5y ! /rong feel+ ( probability t ! comm&s w\ld beg9 to be work$ out1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 utt]$4 ,& "h x is t ! correspond5ce :i* und\bt$ly exi/s1 gives rise to controv]sy4 ,f "o po9t ( view x is j en\gh to enc\rage ! p]iod hold]s to try & arrange a s*eme2 b x is j hot en\gh to prev5t _! oppon5ts 7ju/ly7 tax+ !m ) /ra9+ or tortur+ ! text & fail+ fairly to make out _! case aft] all4 ,f ano!r po9t ( view ! correspond5ce is s f> e/abli%$1 & s und5iably unprec$5t$ 79 human cosmogonies7 & notewor?y1 z to dem& imp]atively our c>eful consid]ation & compel u to acc\nt = x4 ,x w be obs]v$1 fir/ ( all1 t ! :ole creation 7omitt+ all incid5tal & prep>atory works7 is /at$ 9 gr\ps ea* hav+ an ord] )9 itself4 ,gr\p #a4 ,god creat$ 7bo? l& & wat]7 vegetation--plants yield+ se$1 fruit-trees4 ,gr\p #b4 ,9 wat]1 n necess>ily exclud+ amphibia3--,great aquatic mon/]s2 fi% & all o!r creatures t move4 ,9 air3--,w+$ f[l4 ,gr\p #c4 ,on l& g5]ally--= "s =ms are amphibi\s3--,bea/s 7,c>nivora71 cattle 7,ungulata1 c471 & o!r ?+s t creep on ! gr\nd 7! small] & l[] =ms ( life collectively74 ,! ord] )9 ! gr\ps is evid5tly ( no consequ5ce1 because ! writ] does n adh]e to x 9 two consecutive v]ses deal+ ) ! same subject2 :ile ! v]sions seem to po9t to "s v>iations 9 ! text itself z to arrangem5t1 ?\gh n z to sub/ance4 ,b z reg>ds ! ord] ( ! gr\ps !mselves1 x is1 z ,i said1 v natural 7b yet n logically inevitable7 to expect t :5 ! results came to be exi/5t on e>?1 ^? results %\ld exhibit a sequ5ce correspond+ to ! ord] 9 :i* ! gr\ps 7 creat$4 ,& x is nev] d5i$ 79 any ( ! mo/ rec5t publications#a7 t to ?is ext5t nature confirms ! belief4 ,footnote #a3 ,i h done my be/ to v]ify ?is f ! well-kn[n late/ ,manuals ( ,e!ridge1 ,seeley1 & ,alleyne-,ni*olson4 ,i am aw>e t ,pr(essor ,huxley's rec5t articles may at fir/ sight seem to g aga9/ ?is2 b t is n s on any gr\nds ( actual fact1 b ( a p>ticul> int]pretation--:i* ,i submit is :olly unw>rant$4 ,= in/ance1 x is insi/$ t ! sea-mon/]s ( ! second gr\p includ$ sir5ia & cetacea 7dugongs1 manatees1 & :ales1 dolph9s1 c471 :i* are mammals4 ,9 t case a portion ( ! comm& w\ld n h be5 obey$--a numb] ( ! design$ =ms w\ld h be5 kept 9 abeyance--= a long "t4 ,& ! same is /ill m true if bats--a highly plac$ gr\p ( mammals--7 includ$ 9 w+$ f[l4 ,b bo? ^! int]pretations are di/9ctly arbitr>y1 incapable ( hold+ good1 & also entirely ignore ! conditions ( a ,revelation4 ,! n>rative is n discuss$ or def5d$ z an ord9>y secul> n>rative1 :i* is true accord+ to ! writ]'s un9spir$ int5tion or ! /ate ( 8 p]sonal k4 ,x is def5d$ z a ,revelation4 ,! di/9ction is z obvi\s z x is important1 directly a mom5t's consid]ation is accord$4 ,if we assume1 = a mom5t1 t ,god did 7on any !ory :atev] ( ,inspiration7 in/ruct1 direct1 or enable ! writ] 9 mak+ ! record1 !n x is obvi\s t ! writ] ei!r put d[n :at he saw 9 a vision1 or :at 0 9 "s o!r mann] borne on 8 m9d4 ,9 any case1 he c\ld h _h no critical k1 & no hi/orical k z an eye-witness1 ( ! actual facts2 & he may v well !re=e h us$ language ! full mean+ ( :i* he did n appreh5d4#a ,:at alone is ess5tial is1 t ! n>rative z x /&s1 on an ord9>y critical1 l+ui/ic1 & grammatical int]pretation1 %\ld n conta9 any?+ :i* is untrue4 ,suppose1 = example1 ! ^w tannnm to be incapable ( be>+ any o!r mean+ l+ui/ically ?an cetacean1 !n ! n>rative might be object$ to2 b if x w be> a mean+ :i* is consi/5t ) fact1 !n x is no matt] t ! writ] at ! "t _h an errone\s1 or 7:at is m likely7 no def9$1 idea 9 8 own m9d ( ! mean+4 ,& s ) w+$ f[l--! objection fails entirely1 unless x c be %[n1 n only t ! writ] might h ?\ght bats to be includ$1 b t l+ui/ically ! ^w _c h any o!r mean+ ?an "o :i* w\ld include bats4#b ,footnote #a3 ,z is con/antly ! case 9 prophetic writ+s4 ,revelation tells ( ! remote pa/ sometimes z well z ! future1 & 9 nei!r case c\ld ! inspir$ writ] fully und]/& ! mean+ t 0 wrapp$ up 9 8 s5t5ces4 ,footnote #b3 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! "o case1 if ! writ]'s k 7 ( any importance1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t he did n mean cetacean or sir5ian4 ,9 ! o!r case x is impossible to say :e!r he ?\ght bats 7 includ$ or n4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( ?+s t ! writ] c\ld ev] h se5 or ev5 he>d ( a manatee or a dugong2 nor is x likely t he _h be5 a sea-f>]1 or c\ld h se5 any ,m$it]ranean cetacean4 ,z f> z 8 own k w5t1 he probably _h b a v confus$ idea4 ,& if we ref] to ! poetic description 9 ,psalm civ4 #be1 #bf1 we f9d levia?an1 ?\gh di/9ctly a sea creature1 /ill "o ( :i* ! writ] _h only a vague traditional idea1 c]ta9ly n a kn[n ,m$it]ranean dolph91 = 9 ,job xli4 ! same t]m is appli$ to ! crocodile4 ,we h e "r1 !n1 to say t ! tannnm ( ! text may be tak5 to ref] to t great & rem>kable age ( ,saurians :i* is n only ( v great importance 9 itself1 b becomes d\bly s :5 we see its connection backw>d ) ! fi%es1 & =w>d ?r\gh ! ,pt]odactyles to ,odont(ormae 7,apatornis & ,ic?yornis7 & mod]n w+$ birds 7,hesp]onis = ! ,p5gu9s72 & ?r\gh ! ,d9osaurs#a ) ! ,saurorni!s1 ) ! ,d9ornis & ! /ru?i\s birds2 & ?r\gh ! ,!riodonts ) ! mammalian c>nivora4 ,footnote #a3 ,& p]haps ! pa*yd]mat\s mammals 7,ni*olson1 ,zoology1 p4 #eff74 ,9 t case ! sequ5ce ( ! two gr\ps1 plants & aquatic animal-=ms1 is expla9$4 ,!y come almo/ toge!r--plants be+ probably actually ! fir/1 & mollusca1 fi%es1 & saurians4 ,!re is1 fur!r1 no real dispute t ! ,saurians l$ up to ! ,aves1 & t ! ?ird gr\p 7( mammals7 foll[s all ! memb]s ( ! second gr\p4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n mammal 7microle/es7 is an isolat$ =]unn] ( n v c]ta9 location1 ! real bulk ( ! mammalian ord]s beg9n+ 9 ! ,eoc5e4 ,see+1 too1 h[ v closely "o ,creative comm& is record$ to h foll[$ on ! o!r1 x is n 9 any way aga9/ ! n>rative t "s l& =ms ( cru/aceans & insects 7& possibly o!rs7 began to appe> at an e>ly /age1 :5 ! vegetable & wat]-animal =ms _h only progress$ z f> z ! ,silurian & ,devonian ages4 ,nor %\ld we wond] if mammalian =ms _h occurr$ e>li]4 ,i m5tion ?is because ( ! evid5t gap 9 ! geologic record betwe5 ! ,cretace\s & ! ,eoc5e1 & because 9 ! article ( ,decemb]1 #ahhe 7& else:]e71 ,pr(essor ,huxley has us$ language :i* sugge/s t mammals may h exi/$ ( :i* ! rocks give no sign4 ,e4g4 7p4 #hee73 ,! organization ( ! bat1 bird1 or pt]odactyle1 presupposes t ( a t]re/rial quadrup$ 444 & is intelligible only z an extreme modification ( ! organization ( a t]re/rial mammal or reptile4 ,! italics are ( c\rse m9e4 ,& aga9 7p4 #hee71 ,i am n aw>e t any compet5t judge w\ld hesitate to admit t ! organization ( ^! animals 7:ales1 dugongs1 c47 %[s ! mo/ obvi\s signs ( _! desc5t f t]re/rial quadrup$s4 ,i d n quote ^! words ( s great a ma/] z presum+ to "q !m 7ev5 if1 z a sci5tific v]dict1 ,i _h any motive = s do+71 b m]ely to po9t out z a matt] ( pla9 & fair reason+1 t if a ,div9e ,creator _h design$ c]ta9 =ms to be gradually atta9$ by ! processes ( ,evolution1 x w\ld n be necess>y t any actually realiz$ =m or tangible creature %\ld h exi/$ z ance/ors4 ,logically1 ! necessity is ei!r t c]ta9 animals %\ld h actually exi/$ ^: desc5dants gradually lo/ or ga9$ c]ta9 features & functions till ! =ms we are speak+ ( result$1 or t c]ta9 patt]ns or designs %\ld h be5 creat$ accord+ to :i* developm5t proce$$ by regul> laws till ! =ms 9 "q result$4 ,a few words z to ! t]ms us$ 9 describ+ ! cont5ts ( ea* gr\p1 may be add$4 ,x is obvi\s t ! t]ms are int5d$ to be exhau/ive ( c]ta9 ma9 gr\ps :i* are describ$ suffici5tly1 )\t be+ ca/ 9 a =m :i* w\ld h be5 incompatible ) ! use 7at ! "t7 ( a human ag5t z ! m$ium ( ! record$ ,revelation4 7#a7 ,vegetation 7( an indef9ite "*1 b n be>+ se$71 plants be>+ se$1 trees be>+ fruit ) ! se$ 9 x--c]ta9ly exhau/ ! entire range ( plant-life4 7#b7 ,mov+ creatures t live 7& fi% are aft]w>ds expressly m5tion$7 & great mon/]s 7tanninim71 cov] ! entire field ( life up to ,reptilia z f> z ^! are aquatic =ms4 7#c7 ,! t]ms us$ = ! ?ird gr\p are also obvi\sly exhau/ive--! sep>ate m5tion ( ! cattle & ! bea/ 7,c>nivora & ,ungulates7 is a =m :i* is inv>iably notic$ ?r\gh\t ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,! creep+ ?+s w\ld include all m9or =ms1 all l& reptiles n describ$ above z ! tanninim1 & insects4 ,& x is rem>kable t ! tortoises1 ! snakes1 &1 ! m mod]n =ms ( crocodile & liz>d1 & ! amphibia & high] insects1 are all ca9ozoic--"s ( !m 7 prec$$ by m or less transitory repres5tatives1 e4g41 ! ,c>bonif]\s ,eosaurus & ,p]mian ,protosaurus ! anci5t ,labyr9?odons & ,urodelas1 ,*elonians & ! amphicaelian crocodiles4 ,snakes h no palaeozoic repres5tative4 ,l& insects1 z might naturally be expect$1 g back to ! times :5 l& vegetation 0 suffici5tly e/abli%$1 & appe> gradually all along ! l9e f ! ,silurian onw>ds4 ,! mod]n types1 h[ev]1 are ,t]ti>y4 ,! succession1 we obs]ve1 may be illu/rat$ by ! resemblance ( a numb] ( arr[s %ot rapidly "o aft] ! o!r 9 s _m p>allel c\rses3 all w\ld soon be mov+ ne>ly toge!r4 ,plant-life1 ! subject ( ! fir/ ,div9e design+1 has1 z f> z we c reasonably say1 ! />t4 ,accord+ to kn[n laws x appe>s 9 elem5t>y & undevelop$ =ms1 & gradually progresses4 ,"o gr\p 7,cryptogams7 rea*es a magnific5t developm5t & beg9s to die away 9 po9t ( gr&eur1 ?\gh /ill abundantly exemplifi$4 ,phan]ogamic plants 9 _! l[e/ gr\ps ( gymnosp]m exog5s !n beg9 to appe> 9 ! ,devonian conif]s1 gradually foll[$ by cycads4 ,& x is n till ,ca9ozoic times t we h ! endog5\s grasses & palms & angiosp]m\s exog5s4 ,b ! comm& reg>d+ animal life _h foll[$ ! o!r aft] a %ort int]val1 s t we soon see ?is develop+ p>i passu ) ! o!r gr\ps--fir/ ! l[] m>9e =ms & gradually advanc+ to ! ,pisces1 ,amphibia1 ,reptilia1 & !n to ,aves1 z a special division 9 ! second great design gr\p4 ,la/ly ! mammals appe> & man4#a ,b ?r\gh\t all1 we see ! rise1 culm9ation1 & decay ( _m transitory & app>5tly prep>atory gr\ps--su* z1 = example1 ! ,labyr9?odons & ,urodelas--prec$+ ! mod]n types ( ,amphibia2 anci5t fi%-=ms prec$+ mod]n ones1 & ei!r dy+ out or leav+ b a few & di/ant repres5tatives2 or aga91 ! :ole tribes ( anci5t ,saurians1 ( :i* some?+ has already be5 said4 ,all ^! wond]ful "u-curr5ts & cross-curr5ts1 rises & falls1 appe>ances & disappe>ances1 nev]!less all "w toge!r till ! :ole e>? is peopl$ ) ! =ms1 design$ 9 ! beg9n+ by ! ,heav5ly ,creator4 ,footnote #a3 ,nor %\ld we be surpris$ to f9d 7%\ld x be s discov]$7 t "s animals appe>$ aft] man4 7,cf4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,dec4 #ahhe1 p4 #hef47 ,no acc\nt ( ,creation c be o!r ?an wond]ful & my/]i\s2 nor c ! my/]y ( ! ,div9e act be expla9$ 9 language o!r ?an t ( analogy4 ,we c speak )\t my/]y ( a human ar*itect conceiv+ a design 9 8 m9d2 & :5 he utt]s x1 x is by putt+ ! plans & details ^u pap]1 & h&+ !m ov] to ! build]s1 :o set to "w 7"u ! ar*itect's sup]vision1 & 9 ob$i5ce to all ! rules he has prescrib$ z to ! me?ods ( "w & mat]ials to be us$74 ,all ?is we c transf] by analogy only1 to a ,div9e design4 ,! design is 9 ! ,div9e m9d1 & ,he utt]s x 9 no mat]ial plans or draw+s3 ! =ces ( nature & ! *emical elem5ts1 ,8 ob$i5t build]s1 h no h&s to receive ! plans or eyes to scan !m2 b we c p]ceive ! analogy directly1 & t is all t is necess>y = ,fai?4 ,! orig9 ( all we see 9 ! _w & 9 ! entire ,cosmos is1 !n1 9 ,god2 & z reg>ds ! adju/m5ts ( our globe & its relations1 & ! actual life-=ms 9 plant & animal1 !y came into exi/5ce pursuant to gr\ps ( types or designs1 made by ! ,div9e ,m9d1 & decl>$ by ,him f ,8 ,?rone 9 heav51 9 six sev]al days--p]iods ( ! rotation ( our e>?4 ,t is ! message ( ,revelation4 ,x requires no /ra9+ ( ! sacr$ text3 x takes ev]y?+ z x /&s1 & ! seem+ly l5g?y explanation x requires is n to manipulate ! text1 b to cle> away ! heap ( mi/ak5 conceptions t h ga!r$ r\nd x3--to e/abli% ! idea1 t ! t]ms ,god said1 ,let !re be1 & s =?1 mean ,heav5 "w1 9 ! design & type--n e>? "w 9 its realization & build+ up4 ,e/abli%+ ?is by illu/ration & argum5t1 no?+ m is requir$ 9 ! way ( textual exegesis except to argue = ! rejection ( p]v]se & unsu/a9able mean+s long giv5 to days1 to expanse or firmam5t1 & to great :ales 9 ! n>rative4 ,x w be admitt$ readily t if ?is acc\nt ( ,creation is ! true "o1 if ! mean+ assign$ to ! ,g5esis n>rative is correct1 x af=ds no h9drance to any conclusions t may progressively be dem&$ by ! inve/igation ( life-hi/ory on e>?4 ,x requires u to believe t ! =ms :i* life assumes are n *ance =ms1 nor ! unprem$itat$ results ( environm5t & circum/ance4 ,b we are n told positively :i* =ms are transitory1 :i* are f9al4 ,x is only a matt] ( probable op9ion1 :i* x is q op5 to any "o to dispute1 t !re is any indication ( f9ality4 ,i %\ld p]sonally be incl9$ to ?9k t we h indications t c>nivora1 ungulates1 & birds are f9al =ms2 t no evolution w ev] modify a bird fur!r into any?+ t is n a bird2 t no transition betwe5 ! ungulates & ! c>nivora is possible2 t ! proboscideae are n a f9al b a transitory type1 dy+ out gradually--our elephants & simil> =ms w disappe> z ! ma/odon did4 ,b ,i admit ?is is all m]e speculation1 9 :i* ,i ask no "o to foll[ me4 ,on "o important po9t only is !re a diff]5ce2 & if ! text is ev] prov$ wrong on t1 x mu/ be giv5 up4 ,b x is "h t all sci5tific k fails1 9 any way :atev]1 to t\* ! sacr$ text4 ,!re is an unique & exceptional acc\nt ( "o special creation4 ,a man ,adam is describ$ z hav+ be5 actually creat$1 n born z an ultimately modifi$ desc5dant ( ance/ors orig9ally f> remov$ f himself4 ,t is n to be d5i$2 n only 0 8 bodily =m specially creat$ 7con=mably to ! type creat$ 9 ,g5esis i4 #bf71 b a special spiritual & high] life 0 imp>t$--= ,i believe t no "o disputes ?is z ! mean+ ( ! expression1 brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( lives1 & man became a liv+ s\l4 ,x mu/ be not$ aga9--al?\gh ,i h be=e allud$ to ?is 9 "s detail--t x is n impossible t1 pursuant to ! g5]al comm& ,let u make man1 !re may h be5 o!r human creations1 p]haps n end[$ ) ! high] life ( ,adam4 ,if x is f\nd difficult to realize ?is because ! image ( ,god is connect$ 7f ! v fir/7 ) ! design ( ,man's life-=m1 /ill x is to be rememb]$ z an und5iable fact1 t ! =m1 ?\gh "o assum$ by ,god ,himself 9 ! ,inc>nation1 is connect$ 9 /ructure & function ) ! g5]al animal 7,mammalian7 type1 & t ev5 ! ,adamic or spiritually end[$ man may1 by neglect+ ! high] & giv+ way to ! l[] nature1 develop mu* ( ! purely be/ial 9 himself4 ,s t ! b>e possibility ( a pre-,adamite & imp]fect man _c be priori d5i$4 ,m ?an t x is n necess>y to say4 ,nor is x necess>y t any orig9 ( man %\ld be limit$ to six or eight ?\s& ye>s back4 ,if ! /ate ( ! text is su* t a p]fect *ronology is possible1#a !n all t ! ,bible goes back to *ronologically is ! p>ticul> man ,adam4 ,& x is q impossible t any sci5tific or hi/orical contradiction c arise !refrom4 ,footnote #a3 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t j z ,revelation is (t5 absolutely sil5t on _m po9ts t m]e curiosity w\ld l to see expla9$1 s also1 ! ,div9e ,au?or may h all[$ p>ts ( ! orig9al text ( ,revelation to be s f> lo/ or obscur$ z to leave fur!r po9ts t might h be5 once record$1 n[ d\btful4 ,all t we may be q sure ( is t ! text has be5 pres]v$ = all t is ess5tial to life & godl9ess4 ,,app5dix4 ,,pr(essor ,,delitzs* ,,on ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,ed54 ,! in=mation "h put toge!r is a compilation f pap]s 9 ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 & o!r s\rces4 ,x has no pret5tions to orig9ality1 b only to give a brief & connect$ acc\nt ( ! subject1 m cond5s$ & fre$ f surr\nd+ details ?an t :i* ! orig9al s\rces af=d4 ,be=e ent]+ on ! subject1 ,i w\ld aga9 call att5tion to ! surpass+ importance ( ^! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis4 ,&1 ,i add1 t unbeliev]s are especially glad to be able to allege any?+ !y c aga9/ !m1 because !y are aw>e t h>dly any *apt]s 9 ! ,bible are m con/antly allud$ to1 & made ! f\ndation ( practical argum5ts by our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les1 ?an ^! e>ly *apt]s 9 ! ,div9e volume4 ,if ^! *apt]s c be %[n to be my?ical1 !n ! div9e k ( our ,"l1 z ! ,son ( ,god1 & ! inspiration ( ,8 ,apo/les1 are put 9 "q4 ,all ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t1 allusions to ,adam & to ! e>ly hi/ory 9 ,g5esis occur2 & among o!r passages1 ,i w only "h invite att5tion to ! #ca/ *apt] ( ,ezekiel1 :]e !re is1 9 a mo/ beautiful description ( ! c$>-tree1 an allusion to ,ed51 ! ,g>d5 ( ,god 7see also *apt] xxviii4 v]4 #ac71 :i* "s h ?\ght to indicate t ! site 0 /ill kn[n1 & exi/+ 9 ! "t ( ! prophet4 ,?is at lea/ may be rem>k$1 t 9 v]se #i1 :]e ! prophet speaks ( ! trees t 7 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,god1 ! ^w 7 is n 9 ! orig9al1 & ! s5se ( ! context w\ld r d5ote ! pres5t t5se--! trees t are 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,god4 ,b x is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t ! mo/ repeat$ & /rik+ allusions to ,adam1 ! temptation ( ! woman by ! ,s]p5t1 & ! entrance ( s9 & dea? into ! life-hi/ory ( mank9d1 occur4#a ,footnote #a3 ,see on ?is subject page #acg ante4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,*apt] ,x4 ,z reg>ds ! n>rative ( ,ed5 itself1 !re has be51 f ! v e>lie/ times1 "s disposition to reg>d x z my/ical or allegorical1 i4e41 to reg>d x z repres5t+ spiritual facts ( temptation & disob$i5ce1 "u ! guise or /ory ( an actual audible address by a s]p5t1 & ! eat+ ( an actual fruit4 ,! e>lie/ translators seem to h gloss$ ! ,gan-',ed51 ev]y:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7except 9 ,g54 ii4 #h71 by ! phrase ! p>adise ( pleasure1 or "s o!r simil> t]m4 ,& ! ,vulgate always uses "s phrase1 su* z place ( delight1 voluptas1 deliciae1 c4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t !re is "s temptation to ?is c\rse1 because ( ! invet]ate t5d5cy ( ! human m9d to r$uce ?+s to its own level--to suppose ev]y?+ to h happ5$ 9 ways :i* are )9 its pres5t p[]s to compreh5d4 ,we figure to ourselves ! fe> & dislike we %\ld ourselves exp]i5ce1 ( a l>ge snake2 we imag9e ! amazem5t ) :i* an intelligible voice w\ld be he>d to proce$ f su* a creature2 s f> f be+ tempt$1 we %\ld at once be mov$ to ho/ility or to flight2 & ?us we are incl9$ to ?r[ d\bt on ! n>rative z x /&s4 ,b ?is is to d :at we ju/ly compla9 ( mod]n mat]iali/s & positivi/s = do+--r$uc+ ev]y?+ to t]ms ( pres5t exp]i5ce & k4 ,x has to be borne 9 m9d1 t "u ! conditions ( ! case1 ! s]p5t 0 nei!r ugly1 dang]\s1 nor loa?some1 b beautiful & attractive2 t ! resid5ts ( ! ,g>d5 7 famili> ) ! voice ( ,god--i4e41 !y _h habitual intelligible communication ) heav53 probably1 also1 free int]c\rse ) angelic mess5g]s 7inconceivable z x may n[ seem to u7 0 matt] ( daily exp]i5ce to !m4 ,! woman w\ld !n recognize 9 ! voice an ,angel communication2 & unaw>e at fir/ t x 0 an evil angel1 x w\ld excite no surprise 9 h] at all4 ,s5sations ( t]ror1 surprise1 dislike1 & s =?1 7 ex hypo!si unkn[n4 ,:y !n %\ld n ! n>rative be exact1 unless1 inde$1 we h "s priori gr\nd = suppos+ t human nature nev] c\ld h be5 9 a /ate :]e ! voice ( ,god & angels s\nd$ 9 its e>s1 & :]e innoc5ce & ! abs5ce ( all evil emotion 0 ! daily condition ( life8 ,! unbeliev] may sne] at su* a /ate1 b reason :y x %\ld n h be51 he c give none4 ,s1 aga91 ) ! idea ( ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil & ! tree ( life4 ,we are no d\bt tempt$ to ?9k t ^! t]ms may be symbolic2 b a m c>eful reflection1 & a delib]ate rejection ( ! influ5ce ( pres5t exp]i5ces1 may lead u to accept ! n>rative m lit]ally4 ,ev5 n[1 we are n unfamili> ) ! ideas ( m$ic9al virtues 9 plants & fruits4 ,i see no?+ impossible 9 ! idea t ,god may h be5 pleas$ to imp>t su* virtue to ! fruit ( a tree /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,g>d51 t physical heal?1 immunity f all decay1 & con/ant re/oration1 %\ld h be5 ! result ( eat+ ! fruit2 & ! eat+ ( ?is fruit1 we "k1 0 freely p]mitt$4 ,! late ,ar*bi%op ,:ately sugge/$1 & ,i ?9k ) great probability1 t ! longevity ( ! e>lie/ g5]ations ( ! ,adamic race may h be5 due to ! b5eficial effects ( ! eat+ ( ?is fruit1 :i* only gradually di$ out4 ,j z we "k at ! pres5t "t1 t peculi>ities introduc$ into human families1 (t5 survive f fa!r to son1 till !y gradually die out aft] _m g5]ations4 ,aga91 z reg>ds ! =bidd5 tree1 x w n seem impossible1 t z a simple te/ ( ob$i5ce 9 a v primitive /ate1 ! rule ( ab/95ce f a p>ticul> fruit may h be5 lit]ally enjo9$1 & t ! consequ5ce ( ! moral act ( disob$i5ce 7r ?an ! physical effect ( ! fruit eat57 %\ld h be5 ! k ( evil1 ! fir/ s5sation ( %ame1 t]ror1 angry diss5sion1 &1 wor/ ( all1 ! ali5ation f ,god ! s\rce ( all good1 :i* foll[$4 ,all su* consid]ations ( ! reality ( ! hi/ory mu/ ga9 greatly 9 /r5g?1 if we c demon/rate t ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 ! sc5e ( ! temptation1 ! place :]e ! trees t 7 ! vehicles ( su* consequ5ces to ! occupants ( ! g>d51 /ood1 _h a real exi/5ce & geographical site4 ,n[ ,i ne$ h>dly rem>k t ! ,mosaic n>rative unque/ionably pr(esses a geographical exactness & a lit]al exi/5ce ( ! g>d51 z no fabl$ locality--no ,utopia or g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides4 ,i ne$ only ref] to ! data af=d$ to u by ,g54 ii4 #h-ad4 ,! ,"l1 x is said1 plant$ a g>d5 9 ,ed53 x 0 ea/w>d2 b t does n directly indicate its site4 ,f ,g54 iv4 #af1 we also le>n t ! l& ( ,nod :]e ,ca9 dwelt 7aft] ! murd] ( ,abel7 0 on ! ea/ ( ,ed54 ,a riv] w5t out & wat]$ ! g>d54 ,aft] pass+ ! limits ( ,ed51 ! riv] is said to h divid$ itself1 or p>t$1 into f\r heads1 i4e41 arms or bran*es4 ,! fir/ bran* 0 call$ ,pison4 ,?is bran* compasse?1 i4e41 =ms ! b\nd>y along ! :ole l5g? (1 ! ,havilah4 ,?is c\ntry is spok5 ( z be+ a tract :]e9 0 produc$ good gold1 b'dola* 7translat$ bdellium7 & %oham 7translat$ onyx47 ,! second bran* 0 ,gihon1 :i* is describ$ z simil>ly compass+ ! di/rict ( ,ku%4 ,"h our ,a4,v41 by sub/itut+ ,e?iopia = ! orig9al ,cu%1 has made a gloss r ?an a translation2 & ?is gloss has giv5 rise to sev]al errors ( comm5tators 9 id5tify+ ! site ( ,ed54 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion has correct$ ! error4 ,! ?ird bran* 0 ,hiddekel1 ! ,diklatu ( ! ,arabs1 ! ,tigra ( ! old ,p]sians1 & ! ,tigris ( lat] writ]s4 ,?is is said to run ea/w>d t[>ds ,assyria4#a ,! f\r? riv] 0 ! ,frat or ,euphrates4 ,obs]ve1 9 pass+1 t ! au?or gives no detail ab\t ! great riv] ,euphrates1 z be+ well kn[n2 :ile he adds p>ticul>s ab\t ! ,tigris1 & describes ! ,gihon & ! ,pison 9 "s detail4 ,footnote #a3 ,s ! m>g9 ( ! ,a4 & ,r4 ,v]sions m correctly4 ,n[ x w at once /rike ! read] t two ( ^! riv]s are well kn[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! o!rs are n4 ,x is 9 ! id5tification ( ^! two1 & ( ! di/ricts :i* !y compass$1 :i* =m ! difficulties ( ! problem4 ,up till rec5t times1 x is rem>kable :at a v>iety ( speculations h be5 attempt$ z to ! situation ( ,ed54 ,dr4 ,aldis ,wright1 ! le>n$ au?or ( ! article ,ed5 9 ,smi?'s ,biblical ,diction>y1 rem>ks3 ,x w\ld be difficult1 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( op9ion1 to f9d any subject :i* has s invit$1 & at ! same "t completely baffl$1 conjecture1 z ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,& 9 ano!r place he ?9ks t ! site ( ,ed5 w ev] rank ) ! quadrature ( ! circle1 & ! int]pretation ( unfulfill$ prophecy among ^? unsolv$1 & p]haps insoluble1 problems :i* possess s /range a fasc9ation4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be rem>k$1 7#a7t all t 0 writt5 be=e ,pr(essor ,delitzs*'s rese>*es 7 made kn[n2 & 7#b7t really a great mass ( ! conjecture & speculation has be5 purely 9 ! air--und]tak5 )\t any ref]5ce to ! pla9 t]ms ( ! text to be int]pret$4 ,x is ! extravagance ( comm5tators1 & _! insi/+ on go+ beyond ! n>rative itself1 t has rais$ su* difficulties1 & made ! problem look m hopeless ?an x really is4 ,to :at purpose are ! ?ree cont95ts ( ! old _w subject$ to ! mo/ rigor\s se>*1 z ,dr4 ,wright puts x--:5 x is q pla9 f ! text itself1 t ! solution is to be s\ght 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,euphrates1 or n at all8 ,! :ole inquiry seems to h be5 "o 9 :i* a va/ cl\d ( le>n$ du/ has be5 rais$ by speculators1 :o began _! inquiry )\t cle>ly det]m9+1 to />t )1 :at 0 ! po9t at issue4 ,ei!r ! description 9 ,g54 ii4 #c-ad is meant = allegory1 or geographical fact3 ?is "q mu/ fir/ be settl$2 & if ! latt] is agre$ to1 !n x is q inconceivable t ! words %\ld imply any v ext5sive region1 or any fanci$ realm ext5d+ ov] a l>ge proportion ( "o or o!r qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,! problem is !n at once n>r[$2 & x is simply unreasonable to look = ,havila 9 ,india1 or = ,pison 9 ! prov9ce ( ,burma1 z "o le>n$ au?or does6 ,yet comm5tators h =gott5 ?is2 & gone--! e>li] ones into int]pretation ( allegory--! lat] into impossible geographical speculation2 :ile only ! mo/ rec5t h conf9$ !mselves to ! obvi\s t]ms ( ! problem z laid d[n 9 ! n>rative itself--a n>rative :i* 7:e!r true or false7 is cle>ly meant to be def9ite & exact1 z we h se54 ,our ,a4,v4 translators are to be held1 to "s ext5t1 responsible = ! fre$om :i* speculation has ex]cis$1 by !mselves tak+ ! ,cu% ( ! n>rative to ,e?iopia1 i4e41 to ! ,african cont95t--= :i* !re is no au?ority :atev]4 ,z reg>ds ! allegorical int]pretations1 !y are too extravagant = s]i\s notice4 ,s\ls1 angels1 human passions & motives1 are suppos$ to be repres5t$ by t[ns1 riv]s1 & c\ntries4 ,to all ?is x is en\gh to reply--,:at reason c we h = suppos+ an allegory sudd5ly to be int]polat$ at ,g54 ii4 #h8 ,!re is no allegory be=e x1 !re is none aft]4 ,!n z to ! e>ly geographical exp\nd]s4 ,josephus & o!rs suppos$ ! allusion 0 made to ! great riv]s kn[n to anci5t geography1 all ( :i* ran into t greate/ riv] ( all1 :i* encircl$ ! globe4 ,9 ?is view1 ! ,gihon might be ! ,nile1 & ! ,pison ! ,ganges6 ,"h1 aga91 x may be rem>k$ x is impossible to read ! n>rative & believe t ! au?or meant any su* widespread region4 ,ev5 if ! au?or _h ! anci5t ideas ab\t cosmography g5]ally1 t w\ld n prev5t 8 be+ accurate ab\t a limit$ region ly+ to ! ea/ ( a well-kn[n riv] 9 a popul\s c\ntry4 ,9 lat] times ,lu!r avoid$ ! difficult speculation by suppos+ t ! ,deluge _h swept away all traces ( ! site6 ,b un=tunately = ?is conv5i5t !ory1 x is a pla9 fact t ! ,deluge did n sweep any two out ( ! f\r riv]s nam$4 ,! read] :o is curi\s on ! subject1 w f9d 9 ,dr4 ,a4 ,wright's article a brief acc\nt ( ! v>i\s id5tifications propos$ by all ^! comm5tators4 ,x w\ld n be int]e/+ to g into any detail4 ,i %all pass ov] all ^? extravagant views :i* g to places remote f ! ,euphrates1 & come at once to ! lat] attempts to solve ! "q 9 connection ) ! two kn[n riv]s1 ,euphrates & ,hiddekel 7,tigris72 z ?is is ! only k9d ( solution t any reasonable mod]n ,biblical /ud5t w admit4 ,! diff]5t explanations adopt$ maybe gr\p$ into two ma9 attempts3 7#a7 to f9d ! place among ! gr\p ( riv]s t surr\nds ,m\nt ,ar>at 9 ,nor!rn ,arm5ia1 vis41 9 ! extreme upp] c\rse ( ! ,euphrates ne> its two s\rces2 7#b7 to f9d ! place bel[ ! pres5t junction ( ! ,euphrates & ! ,tigris1 along "s "p ( ! unit$ c\rse1 :i* is n[ m ?an two hundr$ miles long1 & is call$ ,%att-el-',arb4 ,b nei!r ( ^! attempts has be5 successful3 ! fir/ mu/1 inde$1 be absolutely dismiss$2 because ! ,hebrew phrases us$ 9 describ+ ! f\r bran*es ( ! riv] t w5t out1 & wat]$ ! g>d51 & !n p>t$1 _c be appli$ to f\r indep5d5t s\rces or /reams--up/ream ( ! ,euphrates4 ,x w n1 !n1 satisfy ! problem1 to f9d f\r riv]s some:]e 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,euphrates1 & :i*1 9 a g5]al way1 enclose a di/rict 9 :i* ,ed5 might be plac$4 ,x may1 inde$1 be d\bt$ :e!r ?is fir/ attempt 7:i* ,i may call ! ,nor? ,arm5ian solution7 w\ld ev] h be5 s]i\sly ent]ta9$1 b f ! fact t ! "n ,gihon--or some?+ v l x--did atta* itself to ! ,araxes or ,phasis1 a consid]able riv] ( ,arm5ia4 ,f9d+ a ,gihon ready1 ! comm5tators next made ! ,pison1 ! ,acampsis2 & !n z ,pison 0 ne> ! ,havila l&1 ?is c\ntry 0 laid on ! extreme nor? ( ,arm5ia2 all ?is )\t a p>ticle ( evid5ce ( any k9d4#a ,i may "h take ! opportunity ( rem>k+ t a *ance simil>ity ( names#b has be51 ?r\gh\t ! controv]sy1 a fruitful s\rce ( enl>g$ speculative w&]+4 ,?us ?is "n ,gihon 7,gaihun1 ,jkhn1 ,geon1 c47 t appe>s 9 ,nor? ,arm5ia1 aga9 appe>s 9 connection ) ! ,nile2 :ile aga9 ! "n ,nile has w&]$ back to ! conf9es ( ,p]sia1 & "o ( ! ,euphrates bran*es is /ill call$ ,%att-en-nl4 ,! anci5ts1 inde$1 _h v curi\s ideas ab\t ! ,nile4 ,its real s\rces be+ s long undiscov]$--no ,speke or ,grant hav+ appe>$--imag9ation ran wild on ! subject4 ,n only s1 b x is rem>kable t ! "n ,cu% %\ld h acquir$ bo? a ,p]sian ,gulf & an ,egyptian employm5t3 & ! writ] ( ! able article 9 ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 7,octob]1 #ahhb7 po9ts out sev]al o!r s+ul> in/ances 9 :i* names are common bo? to ! ,african-,egyptian region1 & to ?is4 ,footnote #a3 ,& x is a/oni%+ to f9d ! error g5]ally p]petuat$ 9 maps atta*$ to mod]n ,bibles4 ,footnote #b3 ,z di/9ct f a real philological connection ( a mod]n "n ) a m anci5t "o1 & s =?4 ,turn+ n[ to ! second ( ! two !ories1 ! id5tification ( ! site on ! l[] "p ( ! ,euphrates aft] its n[ exi/+ junction ) ! ,tigris 7& :i* ! support]s ( ! !ory h ju/ifi$ by mak+ ! ,gihon & ,pison two riv]s com+ f ,ed57 mu/ also be set aside4 ,= ! important fact has be5 ov]look$ t x is q c]ta91 t anci5tly1 ! jo9t /ream1 7,%att-el-',arb71 z x n[ is1 did n exi/4 ,?\gh ! ,g5esis n>rative tells u ( a junction imm$iately outside ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! ,g>d51 ! ,euphrates *annels & ! ,tigris bran* 7) "p ( ! ,euphrates wat] 9 x7 fl[$ sep>ately to ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,x is q c]ta9 t1 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 ! m\?s ( ! ,euphrates & ,tigris 7 a good day's j\rney ap>t4 ,= ?is sep>ate outfl[ !re is ! inconte/able evid5ce ( ,pl9y & o!r au?ors quot$ by ,pr(essor ,delitzs*4 ,i may "h also rem>k1 t anci5tly ! ,p]sian ,gulf ext5d$ mu* f>!r inl& ?an x does n[4 ,9 ! "t ( ,s5na*]ib1 an inl& arm ( ! sea ext5d$ s f>1 t a naval exp$ition aga9/ ,elam 0 possible2 m ?an "o hundr$ miles inl& f ! pres5t sea-l9e4 ,! ext5sion 0 call$ ,nar ,m>ratum4 ,9 ,alex&]'s "t1 ! city ( ,*>ax 7n[ ,mohamra7 0 f\nd$ close to ! sea 7t 0 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c474 ,x is kn[n f lat] hi/ories1 t %ortly be=e ! bir? ( our ,savi\r1 ! city 0 f fifty to "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,roman miles inl&4 ,! *ange is due to ! ,delta1 or alluvial =mation at ! m\? ( ! riv]s4 ,turn+1 !n1 to ! rec5t inquiries 7publi%$ 9 #ahhaa7 by ,pr(essor ,fri$4 ,delitzs*1 x mu/ be confess$ t ! results obta9$ are su* z to completely avoid all ! difficulties t beset ! o!r explanations3 yet we ought n to be too confid5t t x is a f9al or absolute explanation4 ,a c]ta9 caution & res]ve w /ill be wisely ma9ta9$ on ! subject4 ,at any rate1 !y %[ t an explanation1 "o t answ]s all ! conditions ( ! problem1 c be giv52 & t is a great ?+4 ,footnote #a3 ,wo lag das ,p>adies 7,leipzig1 #ahha7 is ! title ( ! book4 ,footnote3 ,pr(essor ,fri$ri* ,delitzs* is ,pr(essor ( ,assyriology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig4 ,9 plac+ ! site on ! ,euphrates1 & f> f ! m\nta9 s\rces1 !re is no viol5ce done to ! ,hebrew language us$ to describe ! fir/ riv]1 z "o t w5t out1 & wat]$ ! ,g>d54 ,! words d n require t ! riv] %\ld actually take its rise )9 ! ,g>d5 limits2 b x is necess>y t ! riv] %\ld be s situat$1 t its wat]s c\ld be di/ribut$ by means ( creeks or canals across ! ,g>d51 t x c\ld be said ! riv] w5t out & wat]$ ! ,g>d54 ,n[ x is a rem>kable fact1 t 9 ! di/rict j above ,babylon1 ! b$ ( ! ,euphrates is 9 level mu* high] ?an ! b$ ( ! ,tigris 7,hiddekel7 to ! ea/1 & t h5ce !re always h be5 a numb] ( v v>iable *annels lead+ f ! ,euphrates ea/w>d to ! ,tigris4 ,^!1 x is well kn[n1 7 (t5 enl>g$ by ! anci5ts & conv]t$ into useful inundation canals = irrigation & ! passage ( boats4 ,imag9e1 !n1 ! high level riv] b$ ( ! ,euphrates1 & v>i\s /reams fl[+ (f x d[n to ! valley ( ! ,tigris1 & we h a mo/ effici5tly irrigat$ ,g>d51 & "o accurately describ$ by ! text--! great riv] w5t out & wat]$ x4 ,! ,euphrates1 moreov]1 is liable to great flu%es ( wat] f ! melt+ ( ! sn[s 9 wide tracts ( m\nta9 or highl&s f :i* its wat]s are collect$1 & ^! volumes ( wat] f\nd v5t f ! ov]*>g$ "m-*annel by escape1 n only ?r\gh ! side *annels1 j spok5 (1 b also by o!r important bran*es on ! o!r side4 ,e "o :o has se5 "o ( ! great riv]s ( ,nor!rn ,india w at once realize ! *anges t take place :]e a riv] liable to floods has its b$ at a high level4 ,x is almo/ a matt] ( c]ta9ty t1 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 ! bran*es & *annels ( riv]s s con/itut$ w *ange1 & old ones be left dry & des]t$4 ,^! ess5tial topographical conditions h always to be rememb]$ 9 int]pret+ ! n>rative ( ,g5esis ii4 ,9 fact1 !y furni% u ) po9ts :i* help u 9 ! problem at ! outset4 7#a7 ,!re is a "p ( ! ,euphrates1 j above ,babylon1 :]e ! riv] naturally furni%$ abundant irrigation = a ,g>d5 plant$ ea/w>d ( x1 by means ( natural irrigation *annels fl[+ f ! high level d[n to ! l[] valley ( ! ,tigris2 & 7#b7 !re is also a po9t f :i* ! ,euphrates did bran* out1 & sev]al important arms anci5tly exi/$4 ,nor is ! locality1 9 po9t ( v]dure & f]tility1 unsuitable4 ,n only d ! anci5t hi/ories make frequ5t m5tion ( ! canals & /reams fl[+ f ! ,euphrates :i* ,i h allud$ to1 b !y speak ( ! palm groves1 ! v9es & ! v]dure ( ! ,babylonian or ,*aldean region4 ,h]odotus1 9 8 fir/ book1 has ! mo/ gl[+ description ( ! sc5e2 & ! k+s ( ,babylon _h num]\s enclos$ g>d5s or p>ks3 ^! 7 imitat$ 9 ,p]sia1 & gave rise to ! ,p]sian "n ,firdaus1 :i* ,x5ophon import$ into ,greek 9 ! =m ( ,greek3 p>adeisos or p>adise--! t]m :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,sev5ty translators4 ,! actual locality :i* ,pr(essor ,delitzs* proposes z ! mo/ probable site ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 is betwe5 ! pres5t ,euphrates & ,tigris1 j to ! nor? ( ,babylon4 ,! b\nd>ies w\ld be--r\ghly & g5]ally speak+--! two riv]s = ,ea/ & ,we/2 :ile = ! ,nor? & ,s\? b\nd>ies we %\ld draw p>allel l9es ?r\gh ,accad on ! ,nor? & ,babylon on ! ,s\?4 ,b grant$ t ! g5]al locality & ! relations ( ! riv] ,euphrates & ,tigris satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! text by su* a location z ?is3 h[ ab\t ! o!r two & ! c\ntries :i* !y compass8 ,! tr\bles ( ! e>li] comm5tators w w>n u1 t we ne$ n be too ready to =ce names1 & to id5tify "o riv]1 & !n1 because we h fix$ t1 make ! c\ntry :i* ! text requires foll[ x6 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ?is matt] t ,pr(essor ,delitzs*'s "w is s satisfactory4 ,he has po9t$ out1 t !re is hi/orical evid5ce 7& also t ! local traces are n want+ 9 ! pres5t day7 to prove t1 j bel[ ,babylon1 we c f9d two prom95tly important *annels or bran*es ( ! ,euphrates1 :i* w at lea/ supply ! place ( ,pison & ,gihon4 ,z to ! fir/1 x is kn[n t 9 hi/oric times a great *annel call$ by ! ,greeks ,pallakopas 7navigable = %ips7 us$ to c>ry (f ! surplus wat] ( ! ,euphrates :5 swoll5 9 ! summ] season by ! melt+ sn[s ( ! ,arm5ian m\nta9s4 ,x bran*$ (f f ! ma9 riv] at a po9t some:at nor? ( ,babylon1 & fl[$ into ! ,p]sian gulf4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no direct evid5ce to %[ t ?is bran* bore a "n resembl+ ,pison4 ,palgu is ! ,assyrian :5ce ! ,greek ,pallakopas 0 d]iv$4 ,x is rem>kable1 h[ev]1 t ! ^w ,pison closely resembles ! cunei=m t]m pisna1 or pisn1 :i* is us$ = a wat]-res]voir1 a canal or a *annel2 & z ?is ,pallakopas 0 ! *annel p> excell5ce1 x may v possibly h be5 call$ pisna or ,pison1 ! 7great7 *annel4 ,! id5tification ( ! *annel call$ ,pallakopas w be f\nd m5tion$ 9 ,colonel ,*esney's "w1 ,an ,exp$ition to ! ,tigris4 ,! "n1 h[ev]1 ( ?is *annel is n ! only means we h ( id5tify+ x4 ,! ,scripture says t ! ,pison compasses ! l& ( ,havilah4 ,n[ let u rememb]1 t ! ,scripture tells ( two ,havilahs3 7#a7 ,! second son ( ,cu%#a & bro!r ( ,nimrod1 & 7#b7 "o ( ! great great gr&sons ( ,%em 7,g54 x4 #bi74 ,"o we may call ! ,cu%ite ,havilah1 ! o!r ! ,joktanite ,havilah4 ,! dwell+-place ( ! bro!r ( ,nimrod is n m5tion$1 b x is /at$ t ! ,joktanite ,havilah dwelt 9 ,me%a4 ,! t5? ( ,g5esis is an important *apt]1 z %[+ h[ ! desc5dants ( ,noah bran*$ out & spread ov] ! c\ntries all r\nd ! ,euphrates2 "s go+ nor? to ,assyria 7,n9eveh71 o!rs to ! ea/ & we/1 & o!rs s\?1 to ,arabia & ,egypt4 ,n[ x s happ5s t ! :ole c\ntry we/ ( ! great ,pallakopas *annel1 0 call$ by ! ,assyrians ,ma%u4 ,pr(essor ,delitzs* id5tifies ?is ,ma%u ( ! cunei=m inscriptions1 ) ! ,me%a m5tion$ 9 ,scriptures1 z ! home ( ,havilah4 ,we h also 9 ,g54 xxv4 #h1b m5tion ( a l& ( ,havila t is be=e--i4e41 ea/w>d (--,egypt z ?\ goe/ t[>d ,assyria1 :i* w\ld answ] v well to ?is locality1 we/ ( ! ,euphrates4 ,x is also kn[n 7f s\rces :i* x w\ld take too long to detail7 t ?is c\ntry did yield gold-du/4 ,pl9y also m5tions ,bdellium1 if t 0 ! sub/ance kn[n z ,b'dola*4 ,x is inde$ unc]ta9 :at ?is 01 b ,ges5ius long ago reject$ ! idea t x 0 a /one1 because !re is no prefix to x1 z !re is to %oham1 :i* foll[s1 & c]ta9ly is a preci\s /one4 ,! manna 9 ! wild]ness is describ$ z be+ ( ! col\r ( bdellium1 & 0 also l ho>-fro/2#c h5ce ! idea t b'dola* 0 a cry/al4 ,b a fragrant & preci\s gum-res9 seems m likely4 ,! ,magi :o came to wor%ip ! ,infant ,savi\r f ne> ?is locality1 br\ght (f]+s ( gold1 & also fragrant gums & myrrh4 ,0 bdellium 7z probably be+ a fragrant gum7 "o ( ^! (f]+s8 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,g54 x4 #i4 ,footnote #b3 ,see also #a ,sam4 xv4 #g4 ,footnote #c3 ,exod4 xvi4 #ad2 ,numb]s xi4 #g3 ,! appe>ance 7lit4 eye7 ( x 0 z ! appe>ance ( bdellium 7,r4,v474 ,! ,onyx1 or ,%oham1 0 mo/ probably a pure r$ cornelian1 & ?is also 0 f\nd 9 ! ,babylonian prov9ces1 & 0 specially worn by ! ,babylonian k+s4 ,s ! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,euphrates answ]s v well to ,havila )\t any =c+1 & )\t any plac+ x !re because ( ! riv] r5d]+ su* a plan necess>y4 ,z to ! f\r? riv] 7,gihon71 ,delitzs* id5tifies x1 /ill m cle>ly1 ) a *annel kn[n z ! ,%att-en-nl1 :i* bran*es (f f ! ,euphrates at ,babylon itself1 & pass+ ! ,scriptural city ( ,ere*1 rejo9s ! ma9 riv] l[] d[n4 ,a clay tablet has actually be5 discov]$1 hav+ ! ,euphrates1 ,tigris1 & ?is ,%att-en-nl *annel toge!r3 ! "n ( ! latt] is giv5 z ,kahn de1 or ,gughnde1 a "n :i* closely resembles ,gihon4 ,! *annel is1 h[ev]1 id5tifi$ indep5d5tly ( ! "n4 ,= ! ,gihon is p>ticul>iz$ 9 ! n>rative1 by ! fact t x compasses ! l& ( ,cu%4 ,?is 7z already po9t$ out7 is n ! ,e?iopian ,cu%4 ,delitzs* /ates1 t ! :ole c\ntry b\nd$ by ?is bran* 0 anci5tly call$ ,ka%-%u1 :i* he id5tifies ) ! ,cu% ( ,g5esis ii4 ,! syllable ,ka% appe>s ?r\gh\t ?is locality4 ,9 fact ,ka%-du or ,kal-du is ! orig9 ( ! famili> "n ,*aldea4 ,9 ! ,hebrew1 ,ku% 7,cu%7 is ! "n giv5 to ! fa!r ( ,nimrod1 :o began 8 k+dom ab\t ?is v site--,ere*1 & ,calneh1 & ,accad 7,g54 x4 #h1 #aj74 ,h5ce x is n surpris+ t relics ( ! "n %\ld be f\nd all r\nd ?is neighb\rhood4 ,nor does ! evid5ce end "h4 ,! di/rict imm$iately ar\nd ,babylon 0 call$ ,kr-duni%-i1 i4e41 ! ,g>d5 ( ! god ,duni%4 ,n[ ,k> is ! ,turanian =m ( ! ,semitic ,gan1 or ,g9a 7g>d572 & :at is m likely ?an t1 z ! true /ory 0 lo/ 9 ! hea!n traditions & my?ology t grew up1 ! g>d5 0 attribut$ to ! god ,duni%--:]eas ! real orig9al _h be5 n ,gnduni%1 b ,gan',ed58 ,?is1 ?\gh only a conjecture1 is ! m probable1 z "o ( ! inscription-names ( ,babylon itself 0 ,t9tira1 :i*1 ?\gh a little obscure1 c]ta9ly means ei!r ! grove1 or ! f\nta91 ( life4 ,we ?us f9d1 n only t f\r great bran*es ( ! riv] t w5t out1 & wat]$ ! ,g>d5 c be trac$1 b t ! two really d compass tracts1 t c1 ) ! highe/ degree ( probability1 be id5tifi$ z ,cu% or ,ka%1 & ,havilah4 ,! importance ( ,pr(essor ,delitzs*'s "w may n[ be briefly glanc$ at4 ,x may be object$1 t su* a process ( reason+ z t put =w>d1 is n conv9c+ to a g5]al read] :o has n ! means ( criticiz+ or te/+ ,pr(essor ,delitzs*'s conclusions3 he !re=e _c be sure t1 9 select+ two *annels to repres5t ! ,pison & ! ,gihon1 & 9 id5tify+ ,ma%u ) ,me%a ( ,havilah1 & "o ( ! ,babylonian di/ricts ) ,ku%1 ! ,pr(essor has at la/ hit (f a solution ( ! problem :i* w n 9 its turn be disprov$1 z all e>li] solutions h be54 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is important conclusion to be safely drawn1 viz41 t a complete explanation 9 exact accord ) ! ,hebrew text is possible1 & t h5ce no?+ c be urg$ aga9/ ! n>rative1 on ! gr\nd 7hi!rto sne]+ly tak57 t ! geography 0 impossible & s =?4 ,next let me v briefly sum up :at x is t ,dr4 ,delitzs* has done--m>%all+ ! evid5ce1 beg9n+ f ! broad end & n>r[+ d[n till we arrive at ! po9t4 7#a7 ,fir/1 !n1 we are fix$ by ! n>rative to "s place betwe5 ! ,euphrates & ! ,tigris4 7#b7 ,we f9d 9 ! anci5t inscriptions ( ! *ief city ( ?is locality1 con/ant allusions to a ,g>d51 a primitive pair & a temptation3 "o ( ^! almo/ exactly reproduces ! ,bible /ory2 x is n ( ! e>lie/ date & is a copy4 ,b discov]y is f> f be+ exhau/$2 all t we "k is consi/5t ) ! idea ( an orig9al /ory1 gradually corrupt$ by ! addition ( leg5ds1 & introduction ( my?ological p]sons & hea!n div9ities4 ,! true belief 9 "o ,god1 :o made ,himself kn[n by voice or vision to ,8 true wor%ipp]s1 seems e>ly to h be5 conf9$ to a few ( ! ,%emitic families1 :ile ! o!rs inv5t$ gods ( _! own4 7#c7 ,we f9d t ! region ab\t ,babylon itself 0 call$ ,kr-duni%i--:i* easily recalls ,k> or ,gn-,ed54 ,we also f9d ! "n 7,t9tira7 appli$1 indicat+ a grove or f\nta9 ( life2 9 ! locality :]e ! direct leg5ds mo/ ab\nd4 7#d7 ,we f9d f anci5t au?ors t ! di/rict 0 "o ( ri* v]dure--a l& ( g>d5s & irrigation4 7#e7 ,we f9d t "s way above ,babylon ab\t ,accad1 ! level ( ! riv] b$ ,euphrates is s mu* high] ?an ! valley ( ! ,tigris ea/w>d1 t num]\s /reams fl[ (f f x1 :i* w\ld s]ve admirably to irrigate a g>d5 situat$ betwe5 ! two1 ea/w>d ( ! ,euphrates4 7#f7 ,we f9d t ! ,p]sian ,gulf once ext5d$ m ?an "o hundr$ miles f>!r inl& ?an x does n[4 ,t !re 0 no jo9t outfl[ ( ,tigris & ,euphrates1 b1 ?\gh !y did jo9 _! /reams above1 !y p>t$ aga9 & _h /ill sep>ate m\?s--( ! ,tigris bran* "o1 ( ! ,euphrates sev]al4 7#g7 ,la/ly1 ,pr(essor ,delitzs* f9ds two *annels :i* answ] to ,pison & ,gihon4 7#h7 ,he proves ^! two to be ! "r ones by consid]+ ! c\ntries :i* !y compass3 & actually f9ds ! "o t he supposes to be ! ,gaihn1 call$1 9 ! cunei=m clay tablets1 ,kahn or ,gaghn-d4 ,x is really only 9 7#g7 & 7#h7 t !re is any room = d\bt & = fur!r inquiry4 ,at any rate1 ! cr$ibility ( ! n>rative1 & a belief 9 its purpose1 z a topographically exact /atem5t ( fact1 n an allegory or leg5d1 is e/abli%$4