,,in ,,his ,,image ,by ,william ,jennings ,bryan ,in ,his ,image4 ,james ,sprunt ,lectures4 #abmo1 cloth4444#a4ge ,heart to ,heart ,appeals4 #abmo1 cloth4444#a4be ,the cream of ,mr4 ,bryan's public utterances on ,prohibition1 ,money1 ,imperialism1 ,trusts1 ,labor1 ,income ,tax1 ,peace1 ,religion1 ,pan-,americanism1 etc4 ,the ,prince of ,peace4 #abmo1 boards4444#fj;c4 ,messages for the ,times4 #abmo1 boards1 each4444#ce;c4 ,the ,first ,commandment4 ,in simple1 unaffected language1 the author enlarges upon the present-day breaches of the ,first ,commandment4 ,the ,message from ,bethlehem4 ,a plea for the world-wide adoption of the spirit of the ,angels' song--,good-will to ,men4 ,the context and import of this great principle has never been more understandingly set forth4 ,the ,royal ,art4 ,a lucid exposition of ,mr4 ,bryan's views concerning the aims and ideals of righteous government4 ,the ,making of a ,man4 ,a faithful tracing of the main lines to be followed if the crown of manhood is to be attained4 ,the ,fruits of the ,tree4 ,either for the reinvigoration of faith or for the dissipation of doubt1 this little volume is a document of power4--,continent4 ,in ,his ,image ,by ,,william ,,jennings ,,ryan ,so ,god created man in his own image1 in the image of ,god created he him4--,,gen4 #a3 #bg4 #aibb ,dedicated to the memory of my beloved parents ,,silas ,,lillard ,,ryan and ,,mariah ,,elizabeth ,,ryan to whom ,i am indebted for a ,christian environment in youth1 during which they instilled into my mind and imprinted upon my heart the religious principles which ,i have set forth and applied in the lectures contained in this volume ,,the ,,james ,,sprunt ,,lectures ,in nineteen hundred and eleven1 ,mr4 ,james ,sprunt of ,wilmington1 ,north ,carolina1 by a gift to the ,trustees of ,union ,theological ,seminary in ,virginia1 established a lectureship in the ,seminary for the purpose of enabling the institution to secure from time to time the services of distinguished men as special lecturers on subjects connected with various departments of ,christian thought and ,christian work4 ,the lecturers are chosen by the ,faculty and a committee of the ,board of ,trustees1 and the lectures are published after their delivery in accordance with a contract between the lecturer and these representatives of the institution4 ,the lecturers up to the present have been3 ,,rev4 ,,david ,,james ,,burrell1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,sir ,,william ,m4 ,,ramsay1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,rev4 ,,prof4 ,,james ,,stalker1 ,d4,d4 ,,rev4 ,a4,f4 ,,schauffler1 ,d4,d4 ,,rev4 ,,harris ,e4 ,,kirk1 ,d4,d4 ,,prof4 ,c4 ,,alphonso ,,smith1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,rev4 ,a4,h4 ,,mckinney1 ,d4,d4 ,,rev4 ,g4 ,,campbell ,,morgan1 ,d4,d4 ,,rev4 ,,prof4 ,j4 ,,gresham ,,machen1 ,d4,d4 ,,hon4 ,,william ,,jennings ,,bryan4 ,the tenth series is presented in this volume4 ,w4,w4 ,,moore1 ,president4 ,preface ,the invitation extended me by ,president ,moore on behalf of ,union ,theological ,seminary provided the opportunity for the presentation of an argument ,i had had in mind for years--an argument to the heart and mind of the average man1 especially to the young4 ,this purpose originated in two desires1 one of which is to repay the debt of gratitude that ,i owe to my revered parents for having brought into my life the ,christian principles upon which their own lives were builded4 ,my appreciation of the importance of this early training has grown with the years4 ,as those who brought me into the world1 cared for me so tenderly during my early years and so conscientiously guarded and guided me during the formative period of my life1 have passed to their reward1 ,i know of no way in which this appreciation can be effectively expressed1 except by transmitting these principles to others4 ,the second desire is to aid those who are passing from youth to maturity and grappling with problems incident to this critical age4 ,having spent eight years away from home1 in academy1 college and law school1 ,i have reason to know the conflicts through which each individual has to pass1 especially those who have the experience incident to college life4 ,i never can be thankful enough for the fact that ,i became a member of the ,church before ,i left home and therefore had the benefit of the ,church1 the ,sunday ,school and ,christian friends during these trying days4 ,in these lectures ,i have had in mind two thoughts1 first1 the confirming of the faith of men and women1 especially the young1 in a ,creator1 all-powerful1 all-wise1 and all-loving1 in a ,bible1 as the very ,word of a ,living ,god and in ,christ as ,son of ,god and ,saviour of the world2 second1 the applying of the principles of our religion to every problem in life4 ,my purpose is to prove1 not only the fact of ,god1 but the need of ,god1 the fact of the ,bible and the need of the ,bible1 and the fact of ,christ and the need of a ,saviour4 ,therefore1 ,i have chosen ,in ,his ,image as the title of this series of lectures1 because1 in my judgment1 all depends upon our conception of our place in ,god's plan4 ,the ,bible tells us that ,god made us in ,his image and placed us here to carry out a divine decree4 ,he gave us the ,scriptures as an authoritative guide and ,he gave us ,his ,son to reveal the ,father1 to redeem man from sin and to furnish in ,his life and teachings an inspiring example by the following of which1 man may grow in grace and in the knowledge of ,god4 ,let the words of my mouth1 and the meditation of my heart1 be acceptable in thy sight1 ,o ,lord1 my strength1 and my redeemer4 ,w4,j4,b4 ,miami1 ,fla4 ,contents ,i4 ,,in ,,the ,,beginning--,,god ,,ii4 ,,the ,,bible ,,iii4 ,,what ,,think ,,ye ,,of ,,christ8 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,man ,v4 ,,the ,,larger ,,life ,,vi4 ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,the ,,soul ,,vii4 ,,three ,,priceless ,,gifts ,,viii4 ,,his ,,government ,,and ,,peace ,,ix4 ,,the ,,spoken ,,word ,i ,,in ,,the ,,beginning--,,god ,religion is the relation between man and his ,maker--the most important relationship into which man enters4 ,most of the relationships of life are voluntary2 we enter into them or not as we please4 ,such1 for illustration1 are those between business partners1 between stockholders in a corporation1 between friends and between husband and wife4 ,some relationships1 on the other hand1 are involuntary2 we enter into them because we must4 ,such1 for illustration1 are those between man and his government1 between man and society1 and between man and his ,maker4 ,tolstoy declares that morality is but the outward manifestation of religion4 ,if this be true1 as ,i believe it is1 then religion is the most practical thing in life and the thought of ,god the greatest thought that can enter the human mind or heart4 ,tolstoy also delivers a severe rebuke to what he calls the ,cultured crowd--those who think that religion1 while good enough for the ignorant 7to hold in check and restrain them71 is not needed when one reaches a certain stage of intellectual development4 ,his reply is that religion is not superstition and does not rest upon a vague fear of the unseen forces of nature1 but does rest upon man's consciousness of his finiteness amid an infinite universe and of his sinfulness4 ,this consciousness1 ,tolstoy adds1 man can never outgrow4 ,evidence of the existence of an ,infinite ,being is to be found in the ,bible1 in the facts of human consciousness1 and in the physical universe4 ,dr4 ,charles ,hodge sets forth as follows the principal arguments used to maintain the existence of a ,god3 ,i4 ,the a priori argument which seeks to demonstrate the being of a ,god from certain first principles involved in the essential laws of human intelligence4 ,,ii4 ,the cosmological argument1 or that one which proceeds after the posteriori fashion1 from the present existence of the world as an effect1 to the necessary existence of some ultimate and eternal first cause4 ,,iii4 ,the teleological argument1 or that argument which1 from the evidence of design in the creation1 seeks to establish the fact that the great self-existent first cause of all things is an intelligent and voluntary personal spirit4 ,,iv4 ,the moral argument1 or that argument which1 from a consideration of the phenomena of conscience in the human heart1 seeks to establish the fact that the self-existent ,creator is also the righteous moral ,governor of the world4 ,this argument includes the consideration of the universal feeling of dependence common to all men1 which together with conscience constitutes the religious sentiment4 ,v4 ,the historical argument1 which involves3 7#a7 ,the evident providential presence of ,god in the history of the human race4 7#b7 ,the evidence afforded by history that the human race is not eternal1 and therefore not an infinite succession of individuals1 but created4 7#c7 ,the universal consent of all men to the fact of ,his existence4 ,,vi4 ,the ,scriptural argument1 which includes3 7#a7 ,the miracles and prophecies recorded in ,scripture1 and confirmed by testimony1 proving the existence of a ,god4 7#b7 ,the ,bible itself1 self-evidently a work of superhuman wisdom4 7#c7 ,revelation1 developing and enlightening conscience1 and relieving many of the difficulties under which natural theism labours1 and thus confirming every other line of evidence4 ,a reasonable person searches for a reason and all reasons point to a ,god1 all-wise1 all-powerful1 and all-loving4 ,on no other theory can we account for what we see about us4 ,it is impossible to conceive of the universe1 illimitable in extent and seemingly measureless in time1 as being the result of chance4 ,the reign of law1 universal and eternal1 compels belief in a ,law ,giver4 ,we need not give much time to the agnostic4 ,if he is sincere he does not know and therefore cannot affirm1 deny or advise4 ,when ,i was a young man ,i wrote to ,colonel ,ingersoll1 the leading infidel of his day1 and asked his views on ,god and immortality4 ,his secretary sent me a speech which quoted ,colonel ,ingersoll as follows3 ,i do not say that there is no ,god3 ,i simply say ,i do not know4 ,i do not say that there is no life beyond the grave3 ,i simply say ,i do not know6 ,what pleasure could any man find in taking from a human1 heart a living faith and putting in the place of it the cold and cheerless doctrine ,i do not know8 ,many who call themselves agnostics are really atheists2 it is easier to profess ignorance than to defend atheism4 ,we give the atheist too much latitude2 we allow him to ask all the questions and we try to answer them4 ,i know of no reason why the ,christian should take upon himself the difficult task of answering all questions and give to the atheist the easy task of asking them4 ,any one can ask questions1 but not every question can be answered4 ,if ,i am to discuss creation with an atheist it will be on condition that we ask questions about4 ,he may ask the first one if he wishes1 but he shall not ask a second one until he answers my first4 ,what is the first question an atheist asks a ,christian8 ,there is but one first question3 ,where do you begin8 ,i answer3 ,i begin where the ,bible begins4 ,in the beginning ,god created the heavens and the earth4 ,i begin with a ,creative ,cause that is sufficient for anything that can come thereafter4 ,having answered the atheist's first question1 it is now my turn1 and ,i ask my first question of the atheist3 ,where do you begin8 ,and then his trouble begins4 ,did you ever hear an atheist explain creation8 ,he cannot begin with ,god because he denies the existence of a ,god4 ,but he must begin somewhere2 it is just as necessary for the atheist as for the ,christian to have a beginning point for his philosophy4 ,where does the atheist begin8 ,he usually starts with the nebular hypothesis4 ,and where does that begin8 ,in the beginning8 ,no4 ,it begins by assuming that two things existed1 which the theory does not try to explain4 ,it assumes that matter and force existed1 but it does not tell us how matter and force came into existence1 where they came from1 or why they came4 ,the theory begins3 ,let us suppose that matter and force are here1 and then1 according to the theory1 force working on matter1 created a world4 ,i have just as much right as the atheist to begin with an assumption1 and ,i would rather begin with ,god and reason down1 than begin with a piece of dirt and reason up4 ,the difference between the ,christian theory and the materialistic theory is that the ,christian begins with ,god1 while the materialist begins with dull1 inanimate matter4 ,i know of no theory suggested as a substitute for the ,bible theory that is as rational and as easy to believe4 ,if the atheist asks me if ,i can understand ,god1 ,i answer that it is not necessary that my finite mind shall comprehend the ,infinite ,mind before ,i admit that there is an infinite mind1 any more than it is necessary that ,i shall understand the sun before ,i can admit that there is a sun4 ,we must deal with the facts about us whether we can understand them or not4 ,if the atheist tells me that ,i have no right to believe in ,god until ,i can understand ,him1 ,i will take his own logic and drive him to suicide2 for1 by that logic1 what right has an atheist to live unless he can understand the mystery of his own life8 ,does the atheist understand the mystery of the life he lives8 ,no2 bring me the most learned atheist and when he has gathered all the information that this earth can give1 ,i will have a little child lead him out and show him the grass upon the ground1 the leaves upon the trees1 the birds that fly in the air1 and the fishes in the deep1 and the little child will mock him and tell him1 and tell him truly1 that he1 the little child1 knows just as much about the mystery of life as does the most learned atheist4 ,we have our thoughts1 our hopes1 our fears1 and yet we know that in a moment a change may come over any one of us that will convert a living1 breathing human being into a mass of lifeless clay4 ,what is it1 that1 having1 we live1 and1 having not1 we are as the clod8 ,we know as little of the mystery of life to-day as they knew in the dawn of creation and yet behold the civilization that man has wrought4 ,and love that makes life worth living is also a mystery4 ,have you ever read a scientific definition of love8 ,you never will4 ,why8 ,because a man does not know what love is until he gets into it1 and then he is not scientific until he gets out again4 ,and even if we could understand the mysterious tie that brings two hearts together from out the multitude1 and on a united life builds the home1 earth's only paradise1 we still would be unable to understand that larger mystery that manifests itself when a human heart reaches out and links itself to every other heart4 ,and patriotism1 also1 is a mystery--intangible1 invisible1 and yet eternal4 ,because there has been in the past such a thing as patriotism1 millions have given their lives for their country4 ,patriotism could command millions of lives to-day4 ,our country is not lacking in patriotism2 we have as much as can be found anywhere else1 and it is of as high a quality4 ,there ought to be more patriotism here than elsewhere2 as citizenship in the ,united ,states carries more benefits with it than citizenship in any other land1 the ,american citizen should be willing to sacrifice more than any other citizen to make sure that the blessings of our government shall descend unimpaired to children and to children's children4 ,the atheist knows as little about these mysteries as the ,christian does and yet he lives1 he loves and he is patriotic4 ,but our case is even stronger3 ,everything with which man deals is full of mystery4 ,the very food we eat is mysterious2 sometimes man-made food becomes so mysterious that we are compelled to enact pure food laws in order that we may know what we are eating4 ,and ,god-made food is as mysterious as man-made food1 though we cannot compel ,jehovah to make known the formula4 ,we encourage children to raise vegetables2 a little child can learn how to raise vegetables1 but no grown person understands the mystery that is wrapped up in every vegetable that grows4 ,let me illustrate3 ,i am fond of radishes2 my good wife knows it and keeps me supplied with them when she can4 ,i eat radishes in the morning2 ,i eat radishes at noon2 ,i eat radishes at night2 ,i eat radishes between meals2 ,i like radishes4 ,i plant radish seed--put the little seed into the ground1 and go out in a few days and find a full grown radish4 ,the top is green1 the body of the root is white and almost transparent1 and around it ,i sometimes find a delicate pink or red4 ,whose hand caught the hues of a summer sunset and wrapped them around the radish's root down there in the darkness in the ground8 ,i cannot understand a radish2 can you8 ,if one refused to eat anything until he could understand the mystery of its growth1 he would die of starvation2 but mystery does not bother us in the dining-room1--it is only in the church that mystery seems to give us trouble4 ,in travelling around the world ,i found that the egg is a universal form of food4 ,when we reached ,asia the cooking was so different from ours that the boiled egg was sometimes the only home-like thing we could find on the table4 ,i became so attached to the egg1 that1 when ,i returned to the ,united ,states1 for weeks ,i felt like taking my hat off to every hen ,i met4 ,what is more mysterious than an egg8 ,take a fresh egg2 it is not only good food1 but an important article of merchandise4 ,but loan a fresh egg to a hen1 after the hen has developed a well-settled tendency to sit1 and let her keep the egg under her for a week1 and1 as any housewife will tell you1 it loses a large part of its market value4 ,but be patient with the hen2 let her have it for two weeks more and she will give you back a chicken that you could not find in the egg4 ,no one can understand the egg1 but we all like eggs4 ,water is essential to human life1 and has been from the beginning1 but it is only a short time ago1 relatively speaking1 that we learned that water is composed of gas4 ,two gases got mixed together and could not get apart and we call the mixture water1 but it was much more important that man should have had water to drink all these years than it was to find out that water is composed of gas4 ,and there is one thing about water that we do not yet understand1 viz41 why it differs from other things in this1 that other things continue to contract indefinitely under the influence of cold1 while water contracts until it reaches a certain temperature and then1 the rule being reversed1 expands under the influence of more intense cold8 ,it does not make much difference whether we ever learn why this is true1 but it is important to the world to know that it is so4 ,sometimes ,i go into a community and find a young man who has come in from the country and obtained a smattering of knowledge2 then his head swells and he begins to swagger around and say that an intelligent man like himself cannot afford to have anything to do with anything that he cannot understand4 ,poor boy1 he will be surprised to find out how few things he will be able to deal with if he adopts that rule4 ,i feel like suggesting to him that the next time he goes home to show himself off to his parents on the farm he address himself to the first mystery that ever came under his observation1 and has not yet been solved1 notwithstanding the wonderful progress made by our agricultural colleges4 ,let him find out1 if he can1 why it is that a black cow can eat green grass and then give white milk with yellow butter in it8 ,will the mystery disturb him8 ,no4 ,he will enjoy the milk and the butter without worrying about the mystery in them4 ,and so we might take any vegetable or fruit4 ,the blush upon the peach is in striking contrast to the serried walls of the seed within2 who will explain the mystery of the apple1 the queen of the orchard1 or the nut with its meat1 its shell1 and its outer covering8 ,who taught the tomato vine to fling its flaming many-mansioned fruit before the gaze of the passer-by1 while the potato modestly conceals its priceless gifts within the bosom of the earth8 ,i learned years ago that it is the mystery in the miracle that makes it a stumbling block in the way of many4 ,if you will analyze the miracle you will find just two questions in it3 ,can ,god perform a miracle8 ,and1 would ,he want to8 ,the first question is easily answered4 ,a ,god who can make a world can do anything ,he wants to with it4 ,we cannot deny that ,god can perform a miracle1 without denying that ,god is ,god4 ,but1 would ,god want to perform a miracle8 ,that is the question that has given the trouble1 but it has only troubled those1 mark you1 who are unwilling to admit that the infinite mind of ,god may have reasons that the finite mind of man does not comprehend4 ,if1 for any reason1 ,god desires to do so1 can ,he not1 with ,his infinite strength1 temporarily suspend the operation of any of ,his laws1 as man with his feeble arm overcomes the law of gravitation when he lifts a stone8 ,if among my readers any one has been presumptuous enough to attempt to confine the power and purpose of ,god by man's puny understanding1 let me persuade him to abandon this absurd position by the use of an illustration which ,i once found in a watermelon4 ,i was passing through ,columbus1 ,ohio1 some years ago and stopped to eat in the restaurant in the depot4 ,my attention was called to a slice of watermelon1 and ,i ordered it and ate it4 ,i was so pleased with the melon that ,i asked the waiter to dry some of the seeds that ,i might take them home and plant them in my garden4 ,that night a thought came into my mind--,i would use that watermelon as an illustration4 ,so1 the next morning when ,i reached ,chicago1 ,i had enough seeds weighed to learn that it would take about five thousand watermelon seeds to weigh a pound1 and ,i estimated that the watermelon weighed about forty pounds4 ,then ,i applied mathematics to the watermelon4 ,a few weeks before some one1 ,i knew not who1 had planted a little watermelon seed in the ground4 ,under the influence of sunshine and shower that little seed had taken off its coat and gone to work2 it had gathered from somewhere two hundred thousand times its own weight1 and forced that enormous weight through a tiny stem and built a watermelon4 ,on the outside it had put a covering of green1 within that a rind of white and within the white a core of red1 and then it had scattered through the red core little seeds1 each one capable of doing the same work over again4 ,what architect drew the plan8 ,where did that little watermelon seed get its tremendous strength8 ,where did it find its flavouring extract and its colouring matter8 ,how did it build a watermelon8 ,until you can explain a watermelon1 do not be too sure that you can set limits to the power of the ,almighty1 or tell just what ,he would do1 or how ,he would do it4 ,the most learned man in the world cannot explain a watermelon1 but the most ignorant man can eat a watermelon1 and enjoy it4 ,god has given us the things that we need1 and ,he has given us the knowledge necessary to use those things3 the truth that ,he has revealed to us is infinitely more important for our welfare than it would be to understand the mysteries that ,he has seen fit to conceal from us4 ,so it is with religion4 ,if you ask me whether ,i understand everything in the ,bible1 ,i frankly answer1 ,no4 ,i understand some things to-day that ,i did not understand ten years ago and1 if ,i live ten years longer1 ,i trust that some things will be clear that are now obscure4 ,but there is something more important than understanding everything in the ,bible2 it is this3 ,if we will embody in our lives that which we do understand we will be kept so busy doing good that we will not have time to worry about the things that we do not understand4 ,in ,the ,grave ,digger1 written by ,fred ,emerson ,brooks1 there is one stanza which is in point here3 ,if chance could fashion but a little flower1 ,with perfume for each tiny thief1 ,and furnish it with sunshine and with shower1 ,then chance would be creator1 with the power ,to build a world for unbelief4 ,but chance cannot fashion even a little flower2 chance cannot create a single thing that grows4 ,every living thing bears testimony to a living ,god and1 if there be a ,god1 then every human life is a part of that ,god's plan4 ,and1 if this be true1 then the highest duty of man1 as it should be his greatest pleasure1 is to try to find out ,god's will concerning himself and to do it4 ,when ,job was asked1 ,canst thou by searching find out ,god8 a negative answer was implied1 but we can see manifestations of ,god's power everywhere2 in the suns and planets that1 revolving1 whirl through space1 held in position by forces centripetal and centrifugal2 we see it in the mountains rent asunder and upturned by a force not only superhuman but beyond the power of man to conceive4 ,captain ,crawford1 the poet-scout1 in describing the mountains of the ,west has used a phrase which often comes into my mind3 ,where the hand of ,god is seen4 ,we see manifestation of ,god's power in the ebb and flow of the tides2 in the mighty shoreless rivers of the ocean2 in the suspended water in the clouds--billions of tons1 seemingly defying the law of gravitation while they await the command that sends them down in showers of blessings4 ,we behold it in the lightning's flash and the thunder's roar1 and in the invisible germ of life that contains within itself the power to gather its nourishment from the earth and air1 fulfill its mission and propagate its kind4 ,we see all about us1 also1 conclusive proofs of the infinite intelligence and fathomless love of the ,heavenly ,father4 ,on lofty mountain summits ,he builds ,his mighty reservoirs and piles high the winter snows1 which1 melting1 furnish the water for singing brooks1 for the hidden veins1 and for the springs that pour out their refreshing flood through the smitten rocks4 ,at ,his touch the same element that furnishes ice to cool the fevered brow furnishes also the steam to move man's commerce on sea and land4 ,he imprisons in roaring cataracts exhaustless energy for the service of man3 ,he stores away in the bowels of the earth beds of coal and rivers of oil2 ,he studs the canyon's frowning walls with precious metals and priceless gems2 ,he extends ,his magic wand1 and the soil becomes rich with fertility2 the early and the latter rains supply the needed moisture1 and the sun1 with its marvellous alchemy1 transmutes base clay into golden grain4 ,he gives us in infinite variety the fruits of the orchard1 the vegetables of the garden and the1 berries of the woods4 ,he gives us the sturdy oak1 the fruitful nut-tree and the graceful palm4 ,in compassion ,he makes the horse to bear our burdens and the cow to supply the dairy2 and ,he gives us the faithful hen4 ,he makes the fishes to scour the sea for food and then yield themselves up to the table2 ,he sends the bee forth to gather sweets for man and birds to sing his cares away4 ,he paints the skies with the gray of the morning and the glow of the sunset2 ,he sets ,his radiant bow in the clouds and copies its colours in myriad flowers4 ,he gives to the babe a mother's love1 to the child a father's care1 to parents the joy of children1 to brothers and sisters the sweet association of the fireside1 and ,he gives to all the friend4 ,well may the ,psalmist exclaim1 ,the heavens declare the glory of ,god2 and the firmament showeth his handywork4 ,day unto day uttereth speech1 and night unto night sheweth knowledge4 ,surely everything that hath breath should praise the ,lord4 ,it would seem that a knowledge of nature would be sufficient to convince any unprejudiced mind that there is a designer back of the design1 a ,creator back of the creation1 but1 for a reason which ,i shall treat more fully in a future lecture1 some of the scientists have become materialistic4 ,the doctrine of evolution has closed their hearts to the plainest of spiritual truths and opened their minds to the wildest guesses made in the name of science4 ,if they find a piece of pottery in a mound1 supposed to be ancient1 they will venture to estimate the degree of civilization of the designer from the rude scratches on its surface1 and yet they cannot discern the evidences of design which the ,creator has written upon every piece of ,his handiwork4 ,they can understand how an invisible force1 like gravitation1 can draw all matter down to the earth but they cannot comprehend an invisible ,god who draws all spirits upward to ,his throne4 ,the ,bible's proof of ,god becomes increasingly necessary to meet the agnosticism and atheism that are the outgrowth of modern mind-worship4 ,i shall speak of the ,bible in my second lecture2 ,i refer to it here merely for the purpose of pointing out the harmony between the spoken word and the evidence furnished by ,god's handiwork throughout the universe4 ,the wisdom of the ,bible writers is more than human2 the prophecies proclaim a ,supreme ,ruler who1 though inhabiting all space1 deigns to speak through the hearts and minds and tongues of ,his children4 ,the ,christ of whom the ,bible tells furnishes the highest evidence of the power1 the wisdom1 and the love of ,jehovah4 ,he is a living ,christ1 present to-day in the increasing influence that ,he exerts over the hearts of men and over the history of nations4 ,we not only have ,god in the ,bible and ,god in nature but we have ,god in life and accessible to all4 ,it is not necessary to spend time in trying to comprehend ,god--a task too great for the finite mind2 we can taste and see that the ,lord is good4 ,we can test ,his grace and prove ,his presence4 ,the negative arguments of the atheist and the indecision of the agnostic will not disturb the faith of one who daily communes with the ,heavenly ,father1 and1 by obedience1 lays hold upon ,his promise4 ,belief in ,god is almost universal and the effect of this belief is so vast that one is appalled at the thought of what social conditions would be if reverence for ,god were erased from every heart4 ,a sense of responsibility to ,god for every thought and word and deed is the most potent influence that acts upon the life--for one man kept in the straight and narrow way by fear of prison walls a multitude are restrained by those invisible walls that conscience rears about us1 walls that are stronger than the walls of stone4 ,at first the fear of ,god--fear that sin will bring punishment--is needed2 ,the fear of the ,lord is the beginning of wisdom4 ,but as one learns to appreciate the goodness of ,god and the plenitude of ,his mercy1 love takes the place of fear and obedience becomes a pleasure2 ,his delight is in the law of the ,lord2 and in his law doth he meditate day and night4 ,the paramount need of the world to-day1 as it was nineteen hundred years ago1 is a whole-hearted1 whole-souled1 whole-minded faith in the ,living ,god4 ,a hesitating admission that there is a ,god is not sufficient2 ,man must love with all his heart1 and with all his soul1 and with all his mind1 and with all his strength1--and to love he must believe4 ,belief in ,god must be a conviction that controls every nerve and fibre of his being and dominates every impulse and energy of his life4 ,belief in ,god is necessary to prayer4 ,it is not sufficient to believe that there is an ,intelligence permeating the universe2 nothing less than a personal ,god--a ,god interested in each one of ,his children and ready to give at any moment the aid that is needed--nothing less than this can lead one to communion with the ,heavenly ,father through prayer4 ,evolutionists have attempted to retain the form of prayer while denying that ,god answers prayer4 ,they argue that prayer has a reflex action upon the petitioner and reconciles him to his lot4 ,this argument might justify one in thinking prayer good enough for others who believe1 but it is impossible for one to be fervent in prayer himself if he is convinced that his pleas do not reach a prayer-hearing and a prayer-answering ,god4 ,prayer becomes a mockery when faith is gone1 just as ,christianity becomes a mere form when prayer is gone4 ,if the words of the ,bible have any meaning at all one must believe that ,god is1 and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him4 ,belief in ,god is necessary to that confidence in ,his providence which is the source of the ,christian's calmness in hours of trial4 ,we soon reach the limitations of our strength and would despair but for our confidence in the infinite wisdom of ,god4 ,david expresses this when he says1 ,unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness4 ,he 444 shall not be afraid of evil tidings3 his heart is fixed1 trusting in the ,lord 7,ps4 #aab74 ,in my youth1 my father often had me read to him ,bryant's ,ode to a ,waterfowl and it became my favourite poem4 ,i know of no more comforting words outside of ,holy ,writ than those in the last stanza3 ,he who from zone to zone1 ,guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight2 ,in the long way that ,i must tread alone1 ,will lead my steps aright4 ,belief in ,god gives courage4 ,the ,christian believes that every word spoken in behalf of truth will have its influence and that every deed done for the right will weigh in the final account4 ,what matters it to the believer whether his eyes behold the victory and his voice mingles in the shouts of triumph1 or whether he dies in the midst of the conflict6 ,yea1 tho' thou lie upon the dust1 ,when they who helped thee flee in fear1 ,die full of hope and manly trust1 ,like those who fell in battle here4 ,another hand thy sword shall wield1 ,another hand the standard wave1 ,till from the trumpet's mouth is pealed1 ,the blast of triumph o'er thy grave4 ,only those who believe attempt the seemingly impossible1 and1 by attempting1 prove that one1 with ,god1 can chase a thousand and two put ten thousand to flight4 ,i can imagine that the early ,christians1 who were carried into the ,coliseum to make a spectacle for spectators more cruel than the beasts1 were entreated by their doubting companions not to endanger their lives4 ,but1 kneeling in the center of the arena1 they prayed and sang until they were devoured4 ,how helpless they seemed1 and measured by every human rule1 how hopeless was their cause6 ,and yet within a few decades the power which they invoked proved mightier than the legions of the emperor and the faith in which they died was triumphant o'er all the land4 ,it is said that those who went to mock at their sufferings returned asking themselves3 ,what is it that can enter into the heart of man and make him die as these die8 ,they were greater conquerors in their death than they could have been had they purchased life by a surrender of their faith4 ,what would have been the fate of the ,church if the early ,christians had had as little faith as many of our ,christians of to-day8 ,and1 if the ,christians of to-day had the faith of the martyrs1 how long would it be before the prophecy were fulfilled--every knee shall bow and every tongue confess8 ,belief in ,god is the basis of every moral code4 ,morality cannot be put on as a garment and taken off at will4 ,it is a power within2 it works out from the heart as a spring pours forth its flood4 ,it is not safe for a weak ,christian to associate intimately with the world because he may be influenced by others instead of influencing others4 ,but one need not fear when his morality derives its energy from connection with the ,heavenly ,father4 ,just as the water from a hose1 because it comes from a reservoir above1 will cleanse a muddy pool without danger of a single drop of pollution entering the hose1 so the ,christian can go into infected areas and among those diseased by sin without fear of contamination so long as he is prompted by a sincere desire to serve and is filled with a heaven-born longing for souls4 ,joseph gives us a splendid illustration of strength inspired by faith4 ,reason fails when one is punished for righteousness' sake2 only a belief in ,god can sustain one in such an hour of trial and make him enter a dungeon rather than surrender his integrity4 ,we need this belief in ,god in our dealings with nations as well as in the control of our own conduct2 it is necessary to the establishment of justice4 ,without that belief one cannot understand how sin brings its own punishment4 ,among the beasts strength is accompanied by no sense of responsibility2 only man understands--and then only when he believes in ,god--that he must restrain his power and respect the rights of others4 ,only man understands--and then only when he believes in ,god--that the laws of the ,almighty protect the innocent by bringing upon the sinner the effects of his own sin4 ,no nation1 however great1 and no group of nations1 however strong1 can do wrong with impunity4 ,the very doing of wrong works the ruin of those who are guilty1 no matter how powerless their victims may be to protect or avenge themselves4 ,most of the crimes committed by nations are due to an attempt on the part of those in authority to establish for nations a system of morals totally different from that which is binding upon the individual4 ,nothing but a real belief in ,god and confidence in the immutability of ,his decrees can stay the arm of strength in individual or nation4 ,belief in ,god is the basis of brotherhood2 we are brothers because we are children of one ,god4 ,we trace through the common parent of all the tie that unites the offspring in one great family4 ,the spirit of brotherhood is impossible without faith in ,god1 the ,father1 and peace1 at home and abroad1 is impossible without the spirit of brotherhood4 ,one must believe in ,god in order to be interested in the carrying out of the ,creator's plans4 ,in the prayer which ,christ suggested as a form for ,his followers1 interest in the coming of ,god's kingdom stands first4 ,the petition begins with adoration of the ,supreme ,being and in the next sentence the heart pours out its desire in an appeal for the coming of that day when the will of ,god shall be done in earth as it is done in heaven4 ,it is proof of the supreme importance of this attitude that this petition comes before the request for daily bread2 it comes even before the appeal for forgiveness4 ,how quickly the prayer would be answered if all who utter it would rise from their knees and make the hastening of ,god's kingdom the uppermost thought in their minds throughout the day6 ,finally1 belief in ,god is necessary to belief in immortality4 ,if there is no ,god there is no hereafter4 ,when1 therefore1 one drives ,god out of the universe he closes the door of hope upon himself4 ,a belief in immortality not only consoles the individual1 but it exerts a powerful influence in promoting justice between individuals4 ,if one actually thinks that man dies as the brute dies1 he will yield more easily to the temptation to do injustice to his neighbour when the circumstances are such as to promise security from detection4 ,but if one really expects to meet again1 and live eternally with those whom he knows to-day1 he is restrained from evil deeds by the fear of endless remorse even when not actuated by higher motives4 ,we do not know what rewards are in store for us or what punishments may be reserved1 but if there were no other it would be no light punishment for one who deliberately wrongs another to have to live forever in the company of the person wronged and have his littleness and selfishness laid bare4 ,the ,creator has not left us in doubt on the subject of immortality4 ,he has given to every created thing a tongue that proclaims a life beyond the grave4 ,if the ,father deigns to touch with divine power the cold and pulseless heart of the buried acorn and to make it burst forth from its prison walls1 will ,he leave neglected in the earth the soul of man1 made in the image of his ,creator8 ,if ,he stoops to give to the rose-bush1 whose withered blossoms float upon the autumn breeze1 the sweet assurance of another springtime1 will ,he refuse the words of hope to the sons of men when the frosts of winter come8 ,if matter1 mute and inanimate1 though changed by the forces of nature into a multitude of forms1 can never die1 will the imperial spirit of man suffer annihilation when it has paid a brief visit like a royal guest to this tenement of clay8 ,no1 ,he who1 notwithstanding ,his apparent prodigality1 created nothing without a purpose1 and wasted not a single atom in all ,his creation1 has made provision for a future life in which man's universal longing for immortality will find its realization4 ,i am as sure that we shall live again as ,i am sure that we live to-day4 ,in ,cairo1 ,i secured a few grains of wheat that had slumbered for more than thirty centuries in an ,egyptian tomb4 ,as ,i looked at them this thought came into my mind3 ,if one of those grains had been planted on the banks of the ,nile the year after it grew1 and all its lineal descendants had been planted and replanted from that time until now1 its progeny would to-day be sufficiently numerous to feed the teeming millions of the world4 ,an unbroken chain of life connects the earliest grains of wheat with the grains that we sow and reap4 ,there is in the grain of wheat an invisible something which has power to discard the body that we see1 and from earth and air fashion a new body so much like the old one that we cannot tell the one from the other4 ,if this invisible germ of life in the grain of wheat can thus pass unimpaired through three thousand resurrections1 ,i shall not doubt that my soul has power to clothe itself with a body suited to its new existence1 when this earthly frame has crumbled into dust4 ,,ii ,,the ,,bible ,jesus ,christ not only endorsed the ,old ,testament as authoritative1 but bore witness to its eternal truth4 ,think not1 ,he said1 that ,i am come to destroy the law1 or the prophets3 ,i am not come to destroy1 but to fulfill4 ,for verily ,i say unto you1 ,till heaven and earth pass1 one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law1 till all be fulfilled 7,matt4 #e3 #ag1 #ah74 ,when one's belief in ,god becomes the controlling passion of his life2 when he loves ,god with all his heart1 with all his soul1 with all his mind and with all his strength he is anxious to learn ,god's will and ready to accept the ,bible as the ,word of ,god4 ,all that he asks is sufficient evidence of its inspiration4 ,after so many hundreds of millions have adopted the ,bible as their guide for so many centuries1 the burden of proof would seem on those who reject it4 ,the ,bible is either the word of ,god or the work of man4 ,those who regard it as a man-made book should be challenged to put their theory to the test4 ,if man made the ,bible1 he is1 unless he has degenerated1 able to make as good a book to-day4 ,judged by human standards1 man is far better prepared to write a ,bible now than he was when our ,bible was written4 ,the characters whose words and deeds are recorded in the ,bible were members of a single race2 they lived among the hills of ,palestine in a territory scarcely larger than one of our counties4 ,they did not have printing presses and they lacked the learning of the schools2 they had no great libraries to consult1 no steamships to carry them around the world and make them acquainted with the various centers of ancient civilization2 they had no telegraph wires to bring them the news from the ends of the earth and no newspapers to spread before them each morning the doings of the day before4 ,science had not unlocked ,nature's door and revealed the secrets of rocks below and stars above4 ,from what a scantily supplied storehouse of knowledge they had to draw1 compared with the unlimited wealth of information at man's command to-day6 ,and yet these ,bible characters grappled with every problem that confronts mankind1 from the creation of the world to eternal life beyond the tomb4 ,they gave us a diagram of man's existence from the cradle to the grave and set up warning signs at every dangerous point4 ,the ,bible gives us the story of the birth1 the words1 the works1 the crucifixion1 the resurrection1 and the ascension of ,him whose coming was foretold by prophecy1 whose arrival was announced by angel voices1 singing ,peace and ,good-will--the story of ,him who gave to the world a code of morality superior to anything that the world had known before or has known since4 ,let the atheists and the materialists produce a better ,bible than ours1 if they can4 ,let them collect the best of their school to be found among the graduates of universities--as many as they please and from every land4 ,let the members of this selected group travel where they will1 consult such libraries as they like1 and employ every modern means of swift communication4 ,let them glean in the fields of geology1 botany1 astronomy1 biology1 and zoology1 and then roam at will wherever science has opened a way2 let them take advantage of all the progress in art and in literature1 in oratory and in history--let them use to the full every instrumentality that is employed in modern civilization2 and when they have exhausted every source1 let them embody the results of their best intelligence in a book and offer it to the world as a substitute for this ,bible of ours4 ,have they the confidence that the prophets of ,baal had in their god8 ,will they try8 ,if not1 what excuse will they give8 ,has man so fallen from his high estate1 that we cannot rightfully expect as much of him now as nineteen centuries ago8 ,or does the ,bible come to us from a source that is higher than man8 ,but the case is even stronger4 ,the opponents of the ,bible cannot take refuge in the plea that man is retrograding4 ,they loudly proclaim that man has grown and that he is growing still4 ,they boast of a world-wide advance and their claim is founded upon fact4 ,in all matters except in the science of how to live1 man has made wonderful progress4 ,the mastery of the mind over the forces of nature seems almost complete1 so far do we surpass the ancients in harnessing the water1 the wind and the lightning4 ,for ages1 the rivers plunged down the mountainsides and exhausted their energies without any appreciable contribution to man's service2 now they are estimated as so many units of horse-power1 and we find that their fretting and foaming was merely a language which they employed to tell us of their strength and of their willingness to work for us4 ,and1 while falling water is becoming each a day a larger factor in burden-bearing1 water1 rising in the form of steam1 is revolutionizing the transportation methods of the world4 ,the wind1 that first whispered its secret of strength to the flapping sail1 is now turning the wheel at the well1 and our flying machines have taken possession of the air4 ,lightning1 the red demon that1 from the dawn of ,creation1 has been rushing down its zigzag path through the clouds1 as if intent only upon spreading death1 metamorphosed into an errand-boy1 brings us illumination from the sun and carries our messages around the globe4 ,inventive genius has multiplied the power of a human arm and supplied the masses with comforts of which the rich did not dare to dream a few centuries ago4 ,science is ferreting out the hidden causes of disease and teaching us how to prolong life4 ,in every line1 except in the line of character-building1 the world seems to have been made over1 but these marvellous changes only emphasize the fact that man1 too1 must be born again1 while they show how impotent are material things to touch the soul of man and transform him into a spiritual being4 ,wherever the moral standard is being lifted up--wherever life is becoming larger in the vision that directs it and richer in its fruitage1 the improvement is traceable to the ,bible and to the influence of the ,god and ,christ of whom the ,bible tells4 ,the atheist and the materialist must confess that man should be able to produce a better book to-day than man1 unaided1 could have produced in any previous age4 ,the fact that they have tried1 time and time again1 only to fail each time more hopelessly1 explains why they will not--why they cannot--accept the challenge thrown down by the ,christian world to produce a book worthy to take the ,bible's place4 ,they have begged to their ,god to answer with fire--appealed to inanimate matter with an earnestness that is pathetic2 they have employed in the worship of blind force a faith greater than religion requires1 but their ,god is asleep4 ,how long will they allow the search for strata of stone and fragments of fossil and decaying skeletons that are strewn around the house to absorb their thoughts to the exclusion of the architect who planned it all8 ,how long will the agnostic1 closing his eyes to the plainest truths1 cry1 ,night1 night1 when the sun in his meridian splendour announces that noon is here8 ,those who reject the ,bible ignore its claim to inspiration4 ,this in itself makes them enemies of the ,book of books1 because the ,bible characters profess to speak by inspiration1 and what they say bears the stamp of the supernatural4 ,holy men of ,god spake as they were moved by the ,holy ,ghost 7#b ,peter #a3ba74 ,which things also we speak1 not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth1 but which the ,holy ,ghost teacheth2 comparing spiritual things with spiritual4 ,but the natural man receiveth not the things of the ,spirit of ,god3 for they are foolishness unto him3 neither can he know them1 because they are spiritually discerned 7#a ,cor4 #b3ac-ad74 ,those who reject the ,bible ignore the spirit that pervades it1 the atmosphere that envelopes it1 the harmony of its testimonies and the unity of its structure1 despite the fact that it is the product of many writers during many centuries4 ,its parts were not arranged by man1 but prearranged by the ,almighty4 ,those who reject the ,bible also ignore the prophecies and their fulfillment--,history written in advance--proof that appeals irresistibly to the open mind4 ,those who reject the ,bible even disparage the testimony which the ,saviour bore to the inspiration of the ,old ,testament1 and yet what could be more explicit than ,his words8 ,and beginning at ,moses and all the prophets1 he expounded unto them in all the ,scriptures the things concerning himself 7,luke #bd3bg74 ,as ,canon ,liddon says3 ,for ,christians1 it will be enough to know that our ,lord1 ,jesus ,christ1 set the seal of ,his infallible sanction on the whole of the ,old ,testament4 ,he found the ,hebrew canon as we have it in our hands to-day1 and ,he treated it as an authority which was above discussion4 ,nay1 more2 ,he went out of ,his way--if we may reverently speak thus1--to sanction not a few portions of it which modern scepticism rejects4 ,besides open enemies1 the ,bible has enemies who are less frank--enemies who1 while claiming to be friends of ,christianity1 spend their time undermining faith in ,god1 faith in the ,bible1 and faith in ,christ4 ,these professed friends call themselves higher critics--a title which--though explained by them as purely technical--smacks of an insufferable egotism4 ,they assume an air of superior intelligence and look down with mingled pity and contempt upon what they regard as poor1 credulous humanity4 ,the higher critic is more dangerous than the open enemy4 ,the atheist approaches you boldly and tries to blow out your light1 but1 as you know who he is1 what he is trying to do and why1 you can protect yourself4 ,the higher critic1 however1 comes to you in the guise of a friend and politely inquires3 ,isn't the light too near your eyes8 ,i fear it will injure your sight4 ,then he moves the light away1 a little at a time1 until it is only a speck and then--invisible4 ,some who have used the title higher critic have approached their subject in a reverent spirit and laboured earnestly in the vain hope of satisfying intellectual doubts1 when the real trouble has been with the hearts of objectors rather than with their heads4 ,religion is a matter of the heart1 and the impulses of the heart often seem foolish to the mind4 ,faith is different from1 and superior to1 reason4 ,faith is a spiritual extension of the vision--a moral sense that reaches out toward the throne of ,god and takes hold of verities that the mind cannot grasp4 ,it is like the blind leading the blind for a higher critic1 however honest1 to rely on purely intellectual methods to convey truths that are spiritually discerned4 ,as a rule1 however1 the so-called higher critic is a man without spiritual vision1 without zeal for souls and without any deep interest in the coming of ,god's ,kingdom4 ,he toils not in the ,master's vineyard and yet ,solomon in all his glory never laid claim to such wisdom as he boasts4 ,he does not accept the ,bible nor defend it2 he mutilates it4 ,he puts the ,bible on the operating table and cuts out the parts that he thinks are diseased4 ,when he has finished his work the ,bible is no longer the ,book of books3 it is simply a scrap of paper4 ,the higher critic 7,i speak now of the rule and not of the exceptions7 begins his investigations with his opinion already formed4 ,after he has discarded the ,bible because he cannot harmonize it with the doctrine of evolution1 he labours to find evidence to support his preconceived notions4 ,in matters of religion the higher critic is usually a dyspeptic4 ,the ,bible does not agree with him2 he has not the spiritual fluids in sufficient quantity to enable him to digest the miracle and the supernatural4 ,he is a doubter and spreads doubts4 ,dr4 ,franklin ,johnson1 in ,volume #b1 of ,fundamentals says 7pages #ee1 #ef1 #eg73 ,a third fallacy of the higher critics is the doctrine concerning the ,scriptures which they teach4 ,if a consistent hypothesis of evolution is made the basis of our religious thinking1 the ,bible will be regarded as only a product of human nature working in the field of religious literature4 ,it will be merely a natural book4444 ,again3 ,yet another fallacy of the higher critics is found in their teachings concerning the ,biblical miracles4 ,if the hypothesis of evolution is applied to the ,scriptures consistently1 it will lead us to deny all the miracles which they record4444 ,and3 ,among the higher critics who accept some of the miracles there is a notable desire to discredit the virgin birth of our ,lord1 and their treatment of this event presents a good example of the fallacies of reasoning by means of which they would abolish many of the other miracles4 ,professor ,reeve1 in a strong article in ,volume #c of ,fundamentals 7pages #ih1 #ii7 tells us of his own excursion into the fields of higher criticism1 of his disappointment and of his glad return to the interpretations of the ,bible that are generally accepted4 ,speaking of his first impressions1 he says3 ,the critics seemed to have the logical things on their side4 ,the results at which they had arrived seemed inevitable4 ,but upon closer thinking1 ,i saw that the whole movement1 with its conclusion1 was the result of the adoption of the hypothesis of evolution4444 ,it became more and more obvious to me that the great movement was entirely intellectual1 an attempt in reality to intellectualize all religious phenomena4 ,i saw also that it was a partial and one-sided intellectualism1 with a strong bias against the fundamental tenets of ,biblical ,christianity4 ,such a movement does not produce that intellectual humility which belongs to the ,christian mind4 ,on the contrary1 it is responsible for a vast amount of intellectual pride1 an aristocracy of intellect with all the snobbery which usually accompanies that term4 ,do they not exactly correspond to ,paul's word1 'vainly puffed up in his fleshly mind and not holding fast the head1 etc4' ,they have a splendid scorn for all opinions which do not agree with theirs4 ,under the spell of this sublime contempt they think they can ignore anything that does not square with their evolutionary hypothesis4 ,the center of gravity of their thinking is in the theoretical1 not in the religious2 in reason1 not in faith4 ,supremely satisfied with its self-constituted authority1 the mind thinks itself competent to criticize the ,bible1 the thinking of all the centuries1 and even ,jesus ,christ ,himself4 ,the followers of this cult have their full share of the frailties of human nature4 ,rarely1 if ever1 can a thoroughgoing critic be an evangelist or even evangelistic2 he is educational4 ,how is it possible for a preacher to be a power of ,god1 whose source of authority is his own reason and convictions8 ,the ,bible can scarcely contain more than good advice for such a man4 ,in ,volume #b of ,fundamentals 7page #hd71 ,sir ,robert ,anderson has this to say3 ,the effect of this ',higher ,criticism' is extremely grave4 ,for it has dethroned the ,bible in the home1 and the good old practice of 'family worship' is rapidly dying out4 ,and great national interests also are involved4 ,for who can doubt that the prosperity and power of the nations of the world are due to the influence of the ,bible upon the character and conduct8 ,races of men who for generations have been taught to think for themselves in matters of the highest moment will naturally excel in every sphere of effort or of enterprise4 ,and more than this1 no one who is trained in the fear of ,god will fail in his duty to his neighbour1 but will prove himself a good citizen4 ,but the dethronement of the ,bible leads practically to the dethronement of ,god2 and in ,germany and ,america1 and now in ,england1 the effects of this are declaring themselves in ways1 and to an extent1 well fitted to cause anxiety for the future4 ,the experience of ,rev4 ,paul ,kanamori1 known as the ,japanese ,billy ,sunday furnishes an excellent illustration of the chilling effect of higher criticism4 ,he was converted when a student and1 after a period of preaching1 became a professor in a theological seminary in ,japan4 ,dr4 ,robert ,e4 ,speer1 in a preface to a published sermon of ,mr4 ,kanamori1 thus describes the great evangelist's temporary retirement from the ministry and its cause3 ,he began to read upon the most recent ,german theology1 with the result that he was completely swept off his feet by the rationalistic ,new ,theology1 ,higher ,criticism1 etc4 ,not long after that he published his new views under the title1 ',the present and future of ,christianity in ,japan1' and retired from the ministry4444 ,he remained in this state of spiritual darkness for twenty years1 until the death of his wife brought him and his children into great trouble1 but after passing through these deep waters he came out again with a clear and firm belief in the old-fashioned gospel 7,the ,three-,hour ,sermon1 page #h74 ,since ,mr4 ,kanamori's return to the ministry he has been the means of leading nearly fifty thousand ,japanese to ,christ--probably more than the total number of souls brought into the ,church by all the higher critics combined4 ,rev4 ,t4 ,de ,witt ,talmage1 one of the great preachers of the last generation1 thus speaks of the higher critics3 ,when ,i see ministers of religion finding fault with the ,scriptures1 it makes me think of a fortress terrifically bombarded1 and the men on the ramparts1 instead of swabbing out and loading the guns and helping to fetch up the ammunition from the magazine1 are trying with crowbars to pry out from the wall certain blocks of stone1 because they did not come from the right quarry4 ,oh1 men on the ramparts1 better fight back and fight down the common enemy1 instead of trying to make breaches in the wall4 ,it is a deserved rebuke4 ,the higher critics throw ink at a ,book that has withstood the assaults of materialists for centuries1 and are vain enough to think that they can blot out its vital truths4 ,although their labours against the ,bible have consumed years1 they expect the public to accept their conclusions at sight4 ,if they require so much time to formulate their indictment against ,holy ,writ1 surely the friends of the ,bible should be allowed as much time for the inspection of the indictment4 ,the destructive higher critic is1 as a rule1 opposed to revivals2 in fact1 it is one of the tests by which he can be distinguished from other preachers4 ,he calls the revival a religious spasm4 ,he understands how one can have a spasm of anger and become a murderer1 or a spasm of passion and ruin a life1 or a spasm of dishonesty and rob a bank1 but he cannot understand how one can be convicted of sin1 and1 in a spasm of repentance1 be born again4 ,that would be a miracle1 and miracles are inconsistent with evolution4 ,it shocks the higher critic to have the prodigal son come back so suddenly after going away so deliberately4 ,most of the higher critics discard1 because contrary to the doctrine of evolution1 the virgin birth of ,jesus and ,his resurrection1 although the former is no more mysterious than our own birth--only different1 and the latter no more mysterious than the origin of life4 ,the existence of ,god makes both possible2 and the proof is sufficient to establish both4 ,if the higher critic will but come into the presence of ,christ and learn of ,him he will express himself in the language of the father 7whose son had a dumb spirit71 who1 as recorded in ,mark 7#i3bd71 cried out and said with tears1 ,lord1 ,i believe2 help thou mine unbelief4 ,if he would only mingle with humanity he might catch the spirit of the ,master2 if his sympathies were broad enough to take in all of ,god's people1 he would be so impressed with the religious needs of sinful man that he would hasten to break to him the ,bread of ,life instead of offering him a stone4 ,the ,bible1 as it is1 has led millions to repentance and1 through forgiveness1 into life2 the ,bible1 as the higher critics would make it1 is impotent to save4 ,enemies of the ,bible have been blasting at the ,rock of ,ages for nearly two thousand years but in spite of attacks of open and secret foes1 ,god still lives1 and ,his ,book is still precious to ,his children4 ,the ,bible would be the greatest book ever written if it rested on its literary merits alone1 stripped of the reverence that inspiration commands2 but it becomes infinitely more valuable when it is accepted as the ,word of ,god4 ,as a man-made book it would compel the intellectual admiration of the world2 as the audible voice of the ,heavenly ,father it makes an irresistible appeal to the heart and writes its truths upon our lives4 ,its heroes teach us great lessons--they were giants when they walked by faith1 but weak as we ourselves when they relied upon their own strength4 ,the ,bible starts with a simple story of creation--just a few words1 but it says all that can be said4 ,the scientists have framed hypotheses1 the philosophers have formulated theories and the speculators have guessed--some of them have darkened counsel by words without knowledge--but when the smoke of controversy rises we find that the first sentence of ,genesis1 still unshaken1 comprehends the entire subject3 ,in the beginning ,god created the heavens and the earth4 ,no one has been able to overthrow it1 or burrow under it or go around it4 ,and so when we set out in search of a foundation for statute law2 we dig down through the loose dirt1 the mould of centuries1 until we strike solid rock and we find the ,tables of ,stone on which were written the ten commandments4 ,all important legislation is but an elaboration of these few1 brief sentences1 and the elaborations are often obscuring instead of clarifying4 ,if we desire rules to govern our spiritual development we turn back to the ,sermon on the ,mount4 ,in our educational system it takes many books on many subjects to prepare a mind for its work1 but three chapters of the ,bible 7,matthew #e1 #f and #g7 applied to life1 would have more influence than all the learning of the schools in determining the happiness of the individual and his service to society4 ,if we want to understand the evils of arbitrary power1 we have only to read ,samuel's warning to the children of ,israel when they clamoured for a king 7#a ,sam4 #h3 #aa1 #ag74 ,if we would form an estimate of the influence that faith can exert on a human life1 and1 through it1 upon a world1 we follow the career of ,abraham1 the friend of ,god1 and see how his trust in ,jehovah was rewarded4 ,he founded a race1 than which there has never been a greater1 and established the religion through which to-day hundreds of millions worship ,god4 ,david showed us how a shepherd lad could become the warrior king and the sweet singer of ,israel1 with virtues so big that1 in spite of his enormous sins1 he is described as a man after ,god's own heart4 ,and what varied instruction we draw from the life of ,moses6 ,hidden in the bulrushes on the banks of the ,nile by a mother who1 by instinct or by divine suggestion1 previsioned a high calling for her son2 found1 under ,providential direction1 by a daughter of ,pharaoh2 reared in the environment of a palace and with the advantages of the most enlightened court of his day2 compelled to flee into the wilderness because of an outburst of race passion2 called to a great work by a ,voice that spoke to him from a bush that burned but was not consumed2 modestly distrusting his ability yet dauntless as the spokesman of ,god--dispenser of plagues--wonder-working man6 ,born of an obscure family and buried in the ,land of ,moab in a sepulcher which no man knoweth1 and yet between these two humble events he rose to a higher pinnacle than any uninspired man has ever reached--leader without comparison--lawgiver without a peer4 ,he teaches many lessons that1 like all truths1 can be applied in every generation in every land4 ,race sympathy made it possible for him to lead his people out of bondage--no one not of their own blood could have done it4 ,this lesson needs to be heeded to-day4 ,our part in the evangelization of the world will be done through native teachers1 educated here or in our missions1 rather than directly4 ,the reformer1 too1 finds in the hardening of ,pharaoh's heart the final assurance of success2 when the fullness of time has come and any form of bondage is ripe for overthrow1 the taskmaster's demand for bricks without straw gives the final impulse and opens the way4 ,joseph has made the world his schoolroom4 ,he enables us to understand the words of ,solomon2 where there is no vision the people perish4 ,he shows how1 in the hour of trial1 faith can triumph over reason--how ,god can lead a righteous man through a dungeon to a seat by the side of the throne--how the dreamer can turn scoffing into reverence when he has the corn4 ,samuel is a standing rebuke to those who think wild oats a necessary crop in the lives of young men4 ,he heard the call of ,god when he was a child2 was reared for the ,father's work and lived a life so blameless that the people proclaimed him just when his official career came to an end4 ,in the ,proverbs of ,solomon we find a rare collection of truths1 beautifully expressed2 in ,job we find an inexhaustible patience set to music and an integrity that even ,satan himself could not corrupt4 ,the ,prophets alone would immortalize the ,bible--rugged characters who dared to rebuke wickedness in high places1 to reproach a nation for its sins and to warn of the coming of the wrath of ,god4 ,see ,elijah on ,mount ,carmel1 mocking the worshippers of ,baal2 hear him thunder the ,almighty's sentence against a king who1 coveting ,naboth's vineyard1 broke three commandments to get a little piece of land4 ,and yet ,elijah fled from wicked ,jezebel and would have despaired but for the ,voice that assured him of the thousands who were still true to ,israel's ,god--the obscure hosts who remained loyal even when the conspicuous became faint-hearted4 ,elisha was a visible link in the chain of power4 ,he was not ashamed to wear the mantle of his great predecessor2 he was willing to take up an unfinished work4 ,he bears unimpeachable testimony to the continuity of the divine current when human conductors can be found to transmit it4 ,it was ,elisha who drew aside the veil that concealed from his affrighted servant the horses and chariots that1 upon the mountain1 await the hours when they are needed to supplement the strength of those who fight upon the ,lord's side2 it was ,elisha1 too1 who proved to the warriors of his day that magnanimity is more potent than violence4 ,he conquered by self-restraint--and the bands of ,syria came no more into the lands of ,israel4 ,daniel is another man in whom faith begat courage and for whom courage carved a large niche in the temple of imperishable fame4 ,the ,daniel who interpreted to the trembling ,belshazzar the fateful handwriting on the wall2 who1 unawed by enemies1 prayed with his windows open toward ,jerusalem1 and who1 in the lions' den1 waited in patience until ,darius hastened from a sleepless couch to call him forth and join him in praising ,israel's ,god--this ,daniel was the same intrepid servant of the ,most ,high1 who in his youth refused to drink wine from the king's table1 and1 demanding a test1 proved that water was better--a verdict that twenty-five centuries have not disturbed4 ,passing over many characters who would seem mountainlike but for the majestic peaks that overshadow them1 let us turn to the immortal seer who1 listening heavenward1 caught the words of the song that startled the shepherds at ,bethelehem and1 peering through the darkness of seven centuries1 saw the light that shone from ,calvary4 ,it was ,isaiah who foretold more clearly and more fully than any one else the coming of the ,messiah1 suggested the titles which ,he would earn1 described the sufferings which ,he would endure and enumerated the blessings ,he would bring to mankind4 ,in chapter nine verse six we read1 ,for unto us a child is born1 unto us a son is given3 and the government shall be upon his shoulder3 and his name shall be called ,wonderful1 ,counsellor1 ,the ,mighty ,god1 ,the ,everlasting ,father1 ,the ,prince of ,peace4 ,in chapter fifty-three1 we learn of ,his vicarious atonement3 ,he is despised and rejected of men2 a man of sorrows1 and acquainted with grief3 and we hid as it were our faces from him2 he was despised1 and we esteemed him not4 ,surely he hath borne our griefs1 and carried our sorrows2 yet we did esteem him stricken1 smitten of ,god1 and afflicted4 ,but he was wounded for our transgressions1 he was bruised for our iniquities3 the chastisement of our peace was upon him2 and with his stripes we are healed4 ,all we like sheep have gone astray2 we have turned every one to his own way2 and the ,lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all4 ,he was oppressed1 and he was afflicted1 yet he opened not his mouth3 he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter1 and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb1 so he opened not his mouth4 ,he was taken from prison and from judgment3 and who shall declare his generation8 for he was cut off out of the land of the living3 for the transgression of my people was he stricken4 ,and he made his grave with the wicked1 and with the rich in his death2 because he had done no violence1 neither was any deceit in his mouth4 ,in chapter two1 verse four1 we are told of the glad day1 which we are now trying to hasten1 when swords shall be beaten into ploughshares1 and spears into pruning-hooks--when nations shall not lift up the sword against nations or learn war any more4 ,if the ,old ,testament is so fascinating what may we expect of the ,new8 ,it is day as compared with dawn2 it is the morning light1 with which ,moses and the ,prophets beat back the darkness of the night1 enlarged--until we have the sun in its meridian glory4 ,old things have passed away2 behold1 all things are become new4 ,the ,old ,testament gave us the law2 the ,new ,testament reveals the love upon which the law rests4 ,john says3 ,the law was given by ,moses1 but grace and truth came by ,jesus ,christ 7,john #a3 #ag74 ,the ,old ,testament restrained by a multitude of ,thou shalt nots2 the ,new ,testament awakens the monitor within and supplies a spiritual urge that makes the individual find satisfaction in service and delight in doing good4 ,david soothes the dying with sweet assurance3 ,though ,i walk through the valley of the shadow of death1 ,i will fear no evil1 for thou art with me1 thy rod and thy staff1 they comfort me2 ,jesus inspires them with a living hope3 ,i go to prepare a place for you that where ,i am ye may be also4 ,god is the center of gravity in the ,new ,testament as in the ,old1 but the drawing power of ,jehovah became visible in ,christ2 the attributes of the ,father were revealed in the ,son--the supreme intelligence1 the limitless power1 the boundless love4 ,divinity surrounded itself with human associates but spiritual enthusiasm crowded out the selfish element2 ,his presence purged their souls of dross4 ,the characters of the ,new ,testament are about their ,father's business all the time4 ,if a ,judas is base enough to betray the ,saviour1 even he is so overwhelmed with remorse that life becomes unbearable4 ,we are introduced to a new group of characters1 beginning with a ,virgin with a child and ending with her ,son upon the cross--a galaxy of men and women whose words and deeds have travelled into every land4 ,one poor widow with two mites1 wisely invested1 purchased more enduring fame than any rich man was ever able to buy with all his money4 ,another1 ,tabitha1 by interpretation called ,dorcas1 drew forth as eloquent a tribute as was ever paid4 ,in the goodness of her heart she made garments for the poor1 and the recipients1 exhibiting them at her death-bed1 expressed their gratitude in tears4 ,the narrative suggests an epitaph which every ,christian can earn--and who could desire more8 viz41 the night is darker because a life has gone out2 the world is not so warm because a heart is cold in death4 ,in ,john the ,baptist1 we have the forerunner--the voice crying in the wilderness4 ,the ,apostles1 chosen from among the busy multitude1 carried their habits of industry into their new calling2 some turned from catching fish to become fishers of men1 while ,matthew employed the accuracy of a collector of customs in chronicling the life of the ,master4 ,even the weaknesses of men were utilized3 ,thomas consecrated his doubts1 and ,john1 the disciple1 baptized his ambition--each giving the ,great ,teacher an opportunity to use a fault for the enlightening of future generations4 ,the latter became the most intimate companion of the ,saviour--the disciple whom ,jesus loved and the one who most frequently used the word love4 ,peter and ,paul stand out conspicuously among the exponents of early ,christianity4 ,in the case of ,peter1 ,christ brought an impulsive nature into complete subjection and gave a steadying purpose to an emotional follower4 ,in ,paul1 we see a giant intellect aflame with a holy zeal4 ,both were bold interpreters of ,christ's mission and both urged upon ,christians the full gospel equipment4 ,in his second ,epistle1 chapter one1 ,peter exhorts3 ,and besides this1 giving all diligence1 add to your faith virtue2 and to virtue knowledge2 and to knowledge temperance2 and to temperance patience2 and to patience godliness2 and to godliness brotherly kindness2 and to brotherly kindness charity4 ,for if these things be in you1 and abound1 they make you that you shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our ,lord ,jesus ,christ4 ,in the sixth chapter of ,ephesians1 ,paul pleads3 ,wherefore take unto you the whole armour of ,god1 that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day1 and having done all1 to stand4 ,stand therefore1 having your loins girt about with truth1 and having on the breastplate of righteousness2 and your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace2 above all1 taking the shield of faith1 wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked4 ,and take the helmet of salvation1 and the sword of the ,spirit1 which is the ,word of ,god3 ,praying always with all prayer and supplication in the ,spirit1 and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints4 ,peter was a rock1 hewn into shape and polished by the divine hand2 ,paul was a chosen vessel to bear the ,redeemer's ,name before the ,gentiles and kings and the children of ,israel4 ,paul was an orator with a purpose2 he was a man with a message4 ,he was eloquent because he knew what he was talking about and meant what he said4 ,no wonder1 for he was called to service by a summons so distinct and unmistakable that he turned at once from persecuting to preaching4 ,paul is responsible for one of the most inspiring sentences in the ,bible--,i was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision4 ,it was the key to his whole life4 ,love is not blind1 declares ,tolstoy2 it sees what ought to be done and does it4 ,so with ,paul4 ,his eyes were open to the truth and he saw it2 he was sensitive to the needs of the ,church and his epistles are filled with wise counsel4 ,he encouraged the worthy1 admonished the erring and strengthened the weak4 ,paul knew well the secret of liberality1 as shown in #b ,corinthians #h3 #e4 ,the members of the ,macedonian church first gave their own selves2 giving was easy after that4 ,paul's religion could not be shaken2 read his vow as recorded in the eighth chapter of ,romans3 ,for ,i am persuaded that neither death1 nor life1 nor angels1 nor principalities1 nor powers1 nor things present1 nor things to come1 nor height1 nor depth1 nor any other creature1 shall be able to separate us from the love of ,god1 which is in ,christ ,jesus our ,lord4 ,his sufferings developed patience and deepened devotion4 ,they prepared him to appreciate love and to define it as no other mortal has done4 ,his tribute to love1 contained in the thirteenth chapter of #a ,corinthians1 is not approached by any other utterance on this subject4 7,i use the old version with the word charity changed to love47 ,though ,i speak with the tongues of men and of angels1 and have not love1 ,i am become as sounding brass or a tinkling cymbal4 ,and though ,i have the gift of prophecy1 and understand all mysteries1 and all knowledge2 and though ,i have all faith1 so that ,i could remove mountains1 and have not love1 ,i am nothing4 ,and though ,i bestow all my goods to feed the poor1 and though ,i give my body to be burned1 and have not love1 it profiteth me nothing4 ,love suffereth long1 and is kind2 love envieth not2 love vaunteth not itself1 is not puffed up1 ,doth not behave itself unseemly1 seeketh not her own1 is not easily provoked1 thinketh no evil2 ,rejoiceth not in iniquity1 but rejoiceth in the truth2 ,beareth all things1 believeth all things1 hopeth all things1 endureth all things2 ,love never faileth3 but whether there be prophecies they shall fail2 whether there be tongues they shall cease2 whether there be knowledge it shall vanish away4 ,for we know in part1 and we prophesy in part4 ,but when that which is perfect is come1 then that which is in part shall be done away4 ,when ,i was a child1 ,i spake as a child1 ,i understood as a child1 ,i thought as a child3 but when ,i became a man1 ,i put away childish things2 ,for now we see through a glass1 darkly2 but then face to face2 now ,i know in part2 but then shall ,i know even as also ,i am known4 ,and now abideth faith1 hope1 love1 these three2 but the greatest of these is love4 ,i cannot leave the ,book of ,books without referring to one of the supreme moments that it describes4 ,the ,bible is full of pictures2 the painter has found it an inexhaustible storehouse of suggestion4 ,all the great climaxes of sacred history speak to us from the canvas4 ,moses and ,pharaoh1 ,ruth and ,naomi1 ,daniel at the ,belshazzar ,feast and in the ,lions' ,den1 ,elijah at ,mt4 ,carmel and before ,ahab1 ,joseph and his brethren1 ,david and ,goliath1 ,mary and the ,child1 ,jesus1 the ,prodigal ,son1 the ,sower1 the ,good ,samaritan1 the ,rich ,young ,man1 the ,wise and the ,foolish ,virgins1 ,jesus in the ,temple1 ,christ ,entering ,jerusalem1 and in the ,garden of ,gethsemane1 and ,the ,saviour on the ,cross--these are but a few of the word pictures that have inspired the artist's brush4 ,but there is another picture1 unsurpassed in thrilling power and permanent interest1 namely1 that presented by the trial of ,christ--tragedy of tragedies1 triumph of triumphs6 ,here1 face to face1 stood ,pilate and ,christ1 the representatives of the two opposing forces that have ever contended for dominion in the world4 ,pilate was the personification of force2 behind him was the ,roman government1 undisputed ruler of the then known world1 supported by its invincible legions4 ,before ,pilate stood ,christ1 the embodiment of love--unarmed1 alone4 ,and force triumphed2 they nailed ,him to the cross1 and the mob that had assembled to witness ,his sufferings1 mocked and jeered and said3 ,he is dead4 ,but from that day the power of ,caesar waned and the power of ,christ increased4 ,in a few centuries the ,roman government was gone and its legions forgotten1 while the ,apostle of ,love has become the greatest fact in history and the growing figure of all time4 ,who will estimate the ,bible's value to society8 ,it is our only guide4 ,it contains milk for the young and nourishing food for every year of life's journey2 it is manna for those who travel in the wilderness2 and it provides a staff for those who are weary with age4 ,it satisfies the heart's longings for a knowledge of ,god2 it gives a meaning to existence and supplies a working plan to each human being4 ,it holds up before us ideals that are within sight of the weakest and the lowliest1 and yet so high that the best and the noblest are kept with their faces turned ever upward4 ,it carries the call of the ,saviour to the remotest corners of the earth2 on its pages are written the assurances of the present and our hopes for the future4 ,there are three verses in the first chapter of ,genesis which mean more to man than all other books outside the ,bible4 ,first2 the verse1 ,in the beginning ,god created the heavens and the earth1 gives us the only account of the beginning of all things1 including life4 ,many substitutes have been proposed for this verse but none that can be so easily understood1 explained and defended4 ,second3 the #bdth verse gives us the only law governing the continuity of life on earth4 ,if life is to continue1 reproduction must be according to law or lawless4 ,reproduction according to kind is the basic scientific fact in the world2 all the books on science combined do not state as much that is of value to man as this one verse--it is the foundation of family life and of all human calculations4 ,no living thing has ever violated this law2 even man with all his power has never been able to persuade or compel that intangible1 invisible thing that we call life to cross the line of species4 ,third3 the #bfth verse--,let us make man in our image--gives us the only explanation of man's presence on earth4 ,without revelation no one has been able to explain the riddle of life4 ,man comes into the world without his own volition2 he has no choice as to the age1 nation1 race1 or family environment into which he shall be born4 ,so far as he is concerned1 he comes by chance2 he goes he knows not when1 and cannot insure himself for a single hour against accident1 disease or death2 and yet1 he is supreme above all other things4 ,the #bfth verse reveals a truth of inestimable value4 ,when man knows that he is the child of a ,king1 with the earth for an inheritance--that the ,creator1 after bringing all other things into existence1 made him1 not as other things were made1 but in the image of ,god1 and placed him here as commander-in-chief of all that is--when he understands that he is part of ,god's plan and here for a purpose he finds himself4 ,to do ,god's will becomes his highest duty as well as his greatest pleasure and he learns that obedience links happiness to virtue1 success to righteousness1 and makes it possible for him to rise to the high plane that a loving ,heavenly ,father has put within the reach of man4 ,where in all the books in all the libraries can one find as much that affects the welfare of man as is condensed into these three verses8 ,,iii ,,what ,,think ,,ye ,,of ,,christ8 ,the question1 ,what think ye of ,christ8 propounded to the ,pharisees by the ,saviour ,himself1 demands an answer from an increasing number as each year the circle of the ,gospel's influence widens4 ,it is a question that cannot be evaded4 ,in every civilized land an answer is made1 by word or act1 by each individual who is confronted by the facts of ,his life4 ,it is in the hope that ,i may be able to assist some in answering this question that ,i devote this hour to the inquiry4 ,was ,christ an impostor8 ,or was ,he deluded8 ,or was ,he the promised ,messiah1 the ,way1 the ,truth1 and the ,life1 as ,he declared ,himself to be8 ,few have dared to accuse ,him of attempting a deliberate fraud upon the public4 ,impostors sometimes kill others in carrying out their plans1 or to escape detection1 but they do not offer themselves as a sacrifice for others4 ,christ's whole life gives the lie to the charge that ,he practiced deception4 ,one recorded act would be sufficient to establish ,his honesty of purpose4 ,in the nineteenth chapter of ,matthew we read3 ,and1 behold1 one came and said unto him1 ,good ,master1 what good thing shall ,i do1 that ,i may have eternal life8 ,and he said unto him1 ,why callest thou me good8 there is none good but one1 that is1 ,god2 but if thou wilt enter into life1 keep the commandments4 ,he saith unto him1 which8 ,jesus said1 ,thou shalt do no murder1 ,thou shalt not commit adultery1 ,thou shalt not steal1 ,thou shalt not bear false witness4 ,honour thy father and thy mother3 and ,thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself4 ,the young man saith unto him1 ,all these things have ,i kept from my youth up3 what lack ,i yet8 ,jesus said unto him4 ,if thou wilt be perfect1 go and sell that thou hast1 and give to the poor1 and thou shalt have treasure in heaven3 and come and follow me4 ,but when the young man heard that saying1 he went away sorrowful3 for he had great possessions4 ,if ,christ had been an adventurer or was interested only in gaining a following ,he would have welcomed this young man1 who was not only rich1 but1 according to ,luke1 a ruler4 ,and what a splendid recommendation the young man gave himself2 all of the commandments he had kept from his youth up4 ,how could one ambitious for worldly success afford to reject such an applicant8 ,but ,christ would not lower the standard a hair's breadth even to secure the support of a rich young ruler who had led a blameless life4 ,he demanded the first place in the heart--a very reasonable demand--and1 seeing in the young man's heart the first place occupied by love of money1 ,he demanded the throne4 ,the young man1 unwilling to purchase eternal life at that price1 went away sorrowing--his heart still centered on his great possessions4 ,of whom but an honest person could such a story be told8 ,was ,christ deceived8 ,that is the theory set forth in a little volume entitled ,a ,jewish ,view of ,jesus 7published recently by the ,macmillan ,company74 ,the author1 ,h4,g4 ,emelow1 pays the following high tribute to ,jesus the ,jew 7and it is the most charitable view an orthodox ,jew can hold73 ,yet1 these things apart1 who can compute all that ,jesus has meant to humanity8 ,the love ,he has inspired1 the solace ,he has given1 the good ,he has engendered1 the hope and joy ,he has kindled--all that is unequalled in human history4 ,among the great and good that the human race has produced1 none has even approached ,jesus in universality of appeal and sway4 ,he has become the most fascinating figure in history4 ,in ,him is combined what is best and most enchanting and most mysterious in ,israel--the eternal people whose child ,he was4 ,the ,jew cannot help glorying in what ,jesus thus has meant to the world2 nor can he help hoping that ,jesus may yet serve as a bond of union between ,jew and ,christian1 once ,his teaching is better known and the bane of misunderstanding is at last removed from ,his words and ,his ideal4 ,but could honest delusion produce a character who1 in the love ,he has inspired1 the solace ,he has given1 and the hope and joy ,he has kindled is unequalled in human history8 ,is it not impossible that under a delusion one could 7as ,emelow says ,jesus did7 become the most fascinating figure in history--unapproachable in the universality of appeal and sway8 ,the world has been full of delusions3 have any of them produced a character like ,christ8 ,tolstoy says that the words of ,christ to ,his friends and pupils have had a hundred thousand times more influence over the people than all the poems1 odes1 elegies and elegant epistles of the authors of that age4 ,lecky1 the historian1 says that the three short years of the active life of ,jesus have done more to regenerate and soften mankind than all of the disquisitions of philosophers and all the exhortations of moralists4 ,could this be said of a man labouring under a delusion as to his real character8 ,what ,christ said and did and was establishes ,his claims4 ,in a conversation with ,peter 7,matt4 #af3 #af71 ,he approved that ,apostle's answer which ascribed to ,him the title of ,christ 7the ,greek equivalent for ,messiah7 the ,son of the living ,god4 ,he not only approved of the answer bestowing the title but ,jesus answered and said unto him1 ,blessed art thou1 ,simon ,bar-,jona3 for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee1 but my ,father which is in heaven4 ,in ,john #aj1 verse #cj1 ,he declares1 ,i and my ,father are one2 in verse #cf1 same chapter1 ,he denies that it was blasphemy to call ,himself the ,son of ,god4 ,in the presence of death ,he refused to deny the claim 7,matt4 #bf3 #fc-fd74 ,the deity of ,christ is proven in many ways2 some offering one line of proof and some another4 ,some are convinced by the prophecies that found their fulfillment in ,christ2 some give greatest weight to the manner of ,his birth and ,his resurrection4 ,still others lay special emphasis upon the miracles performed by ,him4 ,there is no need of comparison2 all the proofs stand together and bear joint testimony to ,his supernatural character1 but ,i find myself inclined to use the method of reasoning adopted by ,carnegie ,simpson in his book entitled1 ,the ,fact of ,christ4 ,those who reject ,christ reject also the miraculous proofs offered in support of ,his divine character1 but the fact of ,christ cannot be denied4 ,christ lived2 that is admitted4 ,he taught2 we have ,his words4 ,he died upon the cross2 that we know2 and we can trace ,his blood by its cleansing power as it flows through the centuries4 ,judged by ,his life1 ,his teachings1 and ,his death1 and the impression they have made upon the human race1 we conclude that ,he was divine and that ,he has justified the titles bestowed upon ,him4 ,no other explanations can account for ,him4 ,born in a manger2 reared in a carpenter shop2 with no access to sages living and no knowledge of the wisdom of sages dead1 except as that wisdom was recorded in the ,old ,testament1 and yet when only about thirty years of age ,he gave to the world a code of morality the like of which the world had never known before and has not known since4 ,he preached a short time1 gathered around ,him a few disciples and was crucified2 ,his followers were scattered and nearly all of the conspicuous ones put to death--and yet from this beginning ,his religion spread until thousands of millions have taken ,his name upon them and millions have been ready to die rather than surrender the faith that ,he put into their hearts4 ,how can you explain ,christ8 ,it is easier to believe ,him to be the ,christ whose coming was foretold1 the ,jesus who was to save the people from their sins--the ,son of ,god and ,saviour of the ,world--than to account for ,him in any other way4 ,to those who try to measure ,him by the rules that apply to man ,he is incomprehensible2 but take ,him out of the man class and put ,him in the ,god class and you can understand ,him4 ,he also can be measured by the work ,he came to perform2 it was more than a man's task4 ,no man aspiring to be a ,god could have done what ,he did2 it required a ,god condescending to be a man4 ,when once ,his divine character is admitted we have an explanation that clears away all the perplexities4 ,we can believe that ,he was conceived of the ,holy ,ghost and born of the ,virgin ,mary4 ,we can believe that ,he opened the eyes of the blind when among men--we see ,him to-day giving a spiritual vision of life to those who have known only the flesh and the pleasures that come through the flesh4 ,we can believe that ,he wrought miracles when upon earth--we see ,him so changing hearts to-day that they love the things they used to hate and hate the things they used to love4 ,we can even believe that at ,his touch life was called back to the body from which it had taken its flight--we have seen ,him take men who had fallen so low that their own flesh and blood had deserted them1 lift them up1 wash them and fill their hearts with a passion for service4 ,a ,christ who can do that now could have broken the bonds of the tomb4 ,volumes innumerable have been written on theological distinctions1 some of which have been made the basis of sects4 ,the doctrine of the ,trinity has been one of the storm centers of discussion for centuries4 ,it is not difficult for me to believe in the ,trinity when ,i see three distinct entities in each human being--a physical man1 a mental man and a moral man4 ,they are so inseparable that one cannot exist here without the other1 and yet they are so separate and distinct that one can be developed and the others left undeveloped4 ,who has not seen a splendidly developed body with an ignorant brain to think for it and a puny spiritual life within8 ,a weak body and an impoverished soul are sometimes linked to a highly trained mind3 and an exalted character is sometimes found in a frail body1 and even associated with a neglected intellect4 ,the ,father1 ,son and ,holy ,ghost1 three in one1 present no problem that need perplex either the learned or the unlearned4 ,we have the evidence of the ,father on every hand2 the proof of the ,son's growing influence is indisputable2 the witness of the ,holy ,ghost is to be found in the heart of every believer4 ,the three act in unison4 ,the fall of man is disputed by some who seem to find more satisfaction in the belief that they have risen from the brute and1 therefore1 are superior to their ancestors1 than they do in the thought that man has fallen from a higher estate4 ,but the facts do not support the brute theory4 ,even if the missing links could be found1 it would be as reasonable--though not so flattering to man's pride--to believe that the monkey is a degenerate man as that man is an improved monkey4 ,it has often been pointed out as evidence of man's fall that he is the only created thing that does not live up to his possibilities4 ,in plant and bird and beast there is no disobedience--all fulfill the purpose of their creation1 from the flower1 that puts forth its bloom as perfectly when it wastes its sweetness on the desert air as when in the garden its beauty calls forth expressions of delight1 to the bird that wakes the echoes of trackless forests with its melody4 ,man1 only man1 mocks his ,maker by prostituting to evil the powers that might lift him within sight of the throne of ,god4 ,if so many men and women fall now1 in spite of light and love and all the incentives to noble living1 is it incredible that the first pair should have fallen when the race was young8 ,possibility becomes probability when we remember that the conflict that rages between the mind and the heart is the one real conflict in every life4 ,reason versus faith is the great issue to-day as in ,eden4 ,faith says obey2 reason asks1 ,why8 ,the one looks up confidingly to a ,power above2 the other relies on self and rejects even the authority of ,jehovah unless the finite mind can comprehend the plan of the ,infinite4 ,no one will doubt the doctrine of original sin if he will study nature and then analyze himself4 ,in the plant1 in the animal and in the physical man1 the invisible thing which we call life is the only sustaining force2 when it takes its flight1 that which remains falls back to the earth and becomes dust4 ,and so the spiritual in man is the only force that can give him a moral nature and preserve it from decay2 when his spiritual life departs the mind as well as the body rots4 ,some find a stumbling block in the doctrine of the ,atonement4 ,that one should suffer for others1 shocks their sense of justice1 they say1 and yet that is the law of life4 ,each generation borrows from generations past and pays the debt to the generations that follow4 ,a certain percentage of the mothers die in childbirth--evidence that they are ,god's handiwork is found in the fact they so willingly enter the valley of the shadow of death to attain to motherhood4 ,many a boy has been won back to rectitude by the sorrows of a parent2 we are not infrequently healed by the stripes that fall on others4 ,in fact1 great wrongs are seldom righted without the shedding of innocent blood--one dies and a multitude are saved4 ,these do not always illustrate the voluntary laying down of life but there are enough cases of noble surrender of self for a friend or for the public to make it easy for any one to understand how ,christ could take upon ,himself the sins of the world and become man's intercessor with the ,father4 ,winning hearts through love expressed in sacrifice1 is that strange8 ,on the contrary1 it is the only way4 ,it is because the story of ,jesus is a natural one that it has touched mankind4 ,hearts understand each other4 ,the heart1 says ,pascal1 has reasons that the mind does not understand because the heart is of an infinitely higher character4 ,the sacrificial character of ,christ's death and the atoning power of ,his blood are the basis of the ,new ,testament4 ,to discard this doctrine is to reject the plainest teachings of the ,apostles and the words of ,christ ,himself4 ,peter1 than whom there is no higher human authority1 says 7#a ,peter #b3bd73 ,who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree1 that we1 being dead to sins1 should live unto righteousness2 by whose stripes ye were healed4 ,john1 the ,beloved1 speaks as clearly on this subject 7,john #c3af-ag73 ,for ,god so loved the world1 that he gave his only begotten ,son1 that whosoever believeth in him1 should not perish1 but have everlasting life4 ,for ,god sent not his ,son into the world to condemn the world2 but that the world through him might be saved4 ,paul was equally emphatic2 he says 7#a ,cor4 #b3b73 ,for ,i determined not to know anything among you1 save ,jesus ,christ and him crucified4 ,and again 7#a ,cor4 #a3cj73 ,but of him are ye in ,christ ,jesus who of ,god is made unto us wisdom and righteousness1 and sanctification and redemption4 ,but we have higher authority still--we have the words of ,christ ,himself4 ,at the last supper1 with ,his disciples about ,him1 ,he spoke of ,his blood being shed for many for the remission of sins4 ,it is the story of ,his sacrifice for others--of ,his blood shed that the world might through ,him find forgiveness--that has been understood by the unlettered as well as by scholars and has brought millions to the foot of the cross4 ,even those who have not been in position to compare ,his code of morals with the teachings of others have been able to comprehend a plan of salvation by which one died for all and all find forgiveness in ,his sacrifice4 ,it is this ,gospel that has made it possible for the forgiven sinner to go forth to begin a new life1 no longer under conviction of sin and remembering his past only as an incentive to service4 ,the presence of ,judas at the ,last ,supper has been the cause of much speculation throughout the centuries4 ,the indignation of ,christians is stirred at the thought of a traitor being present on this solemn occasion when ,christ instituted one of the great sacraments of the ,church4 ,the ,saviour not only knew what ,judas was about to do but called attention to it and designated the guilty one1 but there was no appearance of the anger which would be natural in a mortal2 ,he knew the plan of salvation4 ,but why should the betrayal have come from one of the twelve8 ,it is not necessary to find a satisfactory answer to all the questions that may arise from the reading of the ,bible1 and the finite mind should not be discouraged if it fails to fathom the reasons of the ,infinite ,intelligence4 ,if there are mysteries in the ,bible that we cannot unravel they are not greater than the mysteries in nature with which we must deal whether we understand them or not4 ,but ,i venture to suggest one effect1 produced by the fact that one of the twelve proved a traitor1 namely1 the scrutiny that it has compelled millions of ,christians to turn upon themselves4 ,lord1 is it ,i8 each of the disciples anxiously inquired4 ,even ,judas himself1 coerced by the action of the others1 asked1 ,master1 is it ,i8 ,so1 to-day1 there is real betrayal of the ,saviour by some who take ,his name upon them and before the world profess to be ,his followers4 ,if ,judas had been an outsider and had sold for money the knowledge he had gained as a looker-on his name would not have become1 as the name of ,judas has1 a synonym for all that is base and contemptible2 and the ,christian world would have been without the benefit of that glaring act of perfidy that has sounded its warning through nineteen centuries4 ,judas sold the ,saviour for money1 just as many a professing ,christian since then has1 for money1 betrayed the ,master4 ,who will calculate the restraint that that one question1 ,lord1 is it ,i8 has exerted upon ,christ's followers in the hour when some great temptation has made the believer hesitate upon the brink of sin8 ,i will not attempt to enumerate all the ways in which ,christ has and can bless mankind1 but the living spring has taught me one way4 ,the spring is the best illustration of the ,christian life1 just as a stagnant pool is the best illustration of a selfish life4 ,the pool receives but gives forth nothing in return and1 at last1 becomes the center of disease and death4 ,there is nothing more repulsive than the stagnant pool except a life built upon that plan4 ,the spring1 on the other hand1 pours forth constantly of that which refreshes and invigorates and asks for nothing4 ,there is nothing more inspiring than a living spring except the life that it resembles4 ,and why is the spring a spring8 ,because it is connected with a source that is higher than itself4 ,christ brings man into such vital1 living contact with ,god that the goodness of ,god flows out to the world through him4 ,the frailest human being can thus become of inestimable value to society4 ,it is only spiritual power1 received from above1 that counts largely4 ,if we measure man in units of physical power he is not much above the beasts2 if we measure him in units of intellectual power we soon reach his limitations1 but when we measure him in units of spiritual power his strength may be beyond human calculations4 ,if1 as was the case in ,wales1 the prayer of a little girl could start a revival that spread over that country1 resulting in the conversion of thousands1 what can a life accomplish if one's heart is full of love to ,god and man8 ,the wisdom of ,christ could not have been supplied by others2 there were none to supply it4 ,there was no source but the inexhaustible fountain of the ,almighty from which to draw that which ,he gave forth as one having authority4 ,who among ,his ,apostles or proselytes1 asks ,john ,stuart ,mill1 was capable of inventing the sayings ascribed to ,jesus or of imagining the life and character revealed in the ,gospels8 ,no person1 less than divine1 could have carried the message or rendered the service ,he did to mankind4 ,how1 for instance1 could ,he have learned from ,his own experience or from ,his environment the startling proposition that ,he embodied in ,his interpretation of ,the ,parable of the ,sower8 ,the care of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the truth1 and yet in that short sentence ,he gave an epitome of all human history4 ,reforms come up from the oppressed1 not down from the oppressors--a fact which ,christ explains in a word4 ,he announced the divine order3 ,seek ye first the kingdom of ,god and his righteousness4 ,duty to ,god comes first--all other things that are good for us will come in due time4 ,his parables stand alone in literature2 they have no parallel in the expression of great truths with beauty and simplicity through object lessons taken from every-day life4 ,these truths covered a wide range and were embedded in the language of the parable because of the unbelief of that day4 ,they are increasingly appreciated as their practical application to all time becomes more and more manifest4 ,the parable of the ,prodigal ,son is the most beautiful story of its kind ever told and is based on an experience through which nearly every person passes1 but few of whom1 fortunately1 carry the spirit of rebellion to the point of leaving home4 ,at that period which marks the transition from youth to maturity--from dependence on others to self-reliance--rebelliousness is likely to be exhibited to a greater or less extent even where the parents have done everything possible for the child4 ,christ takes an extreme case where the wisdom and experience of the father were scorned2 where a wilful son insisted upon learning for himself of the things against which the father had warned him4 ,he was of age2 parental authority could no longer be exerted for his protection4 ,he had his way1 and as long as his money lasted he found plenty of associates willing to help him spend it2 the boys had what the wicked call a good time4 ,then came the sobering up1 the repentance1 the humility1 the return1 the father's welcome1 the very natural complaint of the other son and the parental rebuke--all so lifelike and all designed to give emphasis to the love of the ,heavenly ,father and the joy in ,heaven when a wanderer returns4 ,how many souls it has awakened6 ,the thought has been beautifully translated into song by ,rev4 ,robt4 ,lowry1 in ,where ,is ,my ,wandering ,boy ,to-night8 which has probably touched more hearts than any sermon delivered since the song was written in #ahgg4 ,in passing1 note the contrast between the ,rich ,young ,man and the ,prodigal ,son4 ,the former1 an exemplary youth1 is lost because he put the love of money first--we see his back as he retires into oblivion4 ,the latter1 a reckless sinner1 repentant and forgiven2 we leave him at a banquet1 happy with father and friends who rejoice that one who was dead is alive again4 ,the parable of ,the ,talents has shamed a multitude into activity1 while the parable of ,the ,vineyard has been an encouragement to those who have neglected early calls to service4 ,he used the great preservative1 salt1 to illustrate the saving influence ,his followers would exert on society and warned them not to lose this quality4 ,he likened them to a city set on a hill and to the light that illumines the entire house4 ,christ gave the world a philosophy that fits into every human need2 ,he sounded all the depths4 ,in the first and third of the ,beatitudes ,he exalts humility--a virtue difficult to cultivate1 and even to retain after one has cultivated it4 ,some one has suggested that pride is such an insidious sin that the humble sometimes become proud of their humility4 ,christ sets two prizes before the humble--the poor in spirit are to have the ,kingdom of ,heaven for their recompense while the meek are to be given the earth for their inheritance4 ,the mourners are to be comforted and the merciful are to obtain mercy4 ,righteousness is to be the reward of those who hunger and thirst after it1 and the peacemakers are to be crowned with one of the most honourable of appellations1 the children of ,god4 ,he devotes double space to those who are reviled and persecuted for ,his sake1 foreseeing the fierce opposition which ,his ,gospel would arouse4 ,in the study of the ,beatitudes one ,sunday1 ,i asked the members of an adult class which they considered first in importance4 ,although there was quite a wide difference in preference1 the ,sixth1 ,blessed are the pure in heart1 for they shall see ,god1 received the highest vote4 ,and what can be more important than the cleansing of the heart of all that obstructs one's view of ,god8 ,the ,creator is equally near to all ,his creatures--,he is no respecter of persons4 ,it is man's fault if he allows anything to come between himself and the ,heavenly ,father4 ,surely1 nothing is more to be desired than the unclouded vision4 ,thou shalt have no other gods before me1 is the first of the ,commandments brought down from ,sinai and its primacy is endorsed by the ,saviour3 the sixth ,beatitude expresses the same supreme requirement4 ,no false gods1 not even self--the most popular of all the false gods--must be permitted to come between man and his ,maker4 ,christ put into simple words some of the great rules for the interpretation of life4 ,by their fruits ye shall know them1 has become a part of the language of the civilized world4 ,do men gather grapes of thorns1 or figs of thistles8 ,he asks4 ,a good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit1 neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit4 ,here a great spiritual principle was announced4 ,we must consider the nature2 nothing less than a change in the nature can change the fruit4 ,a bad heart is just as sure to bring forth bad thoughts and bad deeds as the thistle is to bring forth thorns4 ,and so the good heart is just as sure to yield good deeds as the grape-vine is to yield grapes or the fig-tree is to yield figs4 ,look at the tree1 therefore2 the fruit will take care of itself4 ,in the ,sermon on the ,mount1 in which ,he embodied such a wealth of moral precept and spiritual counsel1 ,he warned against investments in that which would divert the affections from the great purpose of life4 ,lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth1 but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven4 ,for where your treasure is1 there will your heart be also4 ,it was the heart that ,he dealt with--always the heart1 in which man does his decisive thinking and out of which are the issues of life4 ,the ,master dealt with the beginnings of evil4 ,he did not wait until the sin had been completed or the wrong accomplished4 ,he cut out the bad purpose at its birth before it had time to develop4 ,he says3 ,and if thy right eye offend thee1 pluck it out1 and cast it from thee3 for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish1 and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell4 ,and if thy right hand offend thee1 cut it off1 and cast it from thee3 for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish1 and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell 7,matt4 #c3 #bi74 ,this may seem like a harsh doctrine and yet it is merely an application to morals of a salutary principle that all understand when applied by the surgeon4 ,a finger is often removed in order to save the hand2 a hand is removed to save the arm2 and an arm is removed to save the body4 ,an eye1 too1 is often removed to save the sight of the remaining eye4 ,is eye or arm or body more important than the soul8 ,christ understood relative values in the spiritual world4 ,he used the material things in life to illustrate values in the realm of the ideal2 ,he used the things that are seen to make understandable the eternal things that the senses cannot comprehend4 ,and what called forth this powerful illustration--the sacrificing of the right eye and the right hand to save the body8 ,he was laying the foundation for a great moral reform1 namely1 the single standard of morality4 ,he was attacking a great sin and1 as usual1 ,he laid the axe at the root of the tree4 ,he was dealing with adultery and ,he traced the sin to its source4 ,he would purge the heart of the unclean thought2 ,he would put a ban on the desire before it found vent in accomplishment4 ,he turned the thought from the body to the heart and to the soul4 ,and ,he not only warned men against harbouring the seeds of this sin but ,he rebuked them for injustice in dealing more harshly with woman than they did with themselves4 ,he did not condone sin2 ,he forgave it1 and accompanied forgiveness with the injunction1 ,sin no more4 ,christ dignified childhood next to womanhood4 ,one of ,his most beautiful lessons was woven about a child which ,he summoned from the crowd4 ,the child's faith was made the test--,except ye be converted and become as little children ye shall not enter into the kingdom4 ,and again1 ,suffer the little children to come unto me and forbid them not3 for of such is the kingdom of heaven4 ,his depth of affection--,his longing for souls--is beautifully set forth in ,matthew #bc3 #cg when ,he uses the most familiar object in the animal kingdom to express ,his solicitude3 ,o ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem1 thou that killest the prophets1 and stonest them which are sent unto thee1 how often would ,i have gathered thy children together1 even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings1 and ye would not6 ,and yet this gentle spirit who would not break a bruised reed--who went about doing good--was wont to blaze forth with hot indignation against sordidness and systematized injustice4 ,hear ,his fierce denunciation of the scribes1 ,pharisees and hypocrites who devoured widows' houses and for a pretense made long prayers2 and behold ,him casting the money-changers out of the temple because they had turned the house of prayer into a den of thieves4 ,in a startling paradox ,he sets forth a great truth3 ,whosoever shall save his life shall lose it2 but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake1 the same shall save it4 ,when1 before or since1 has the littleness of the self-centered been so exposed and the nobility of self-surrender been so glorified8 ,wendell ,phillips has given a splendid paraphrase of this wonderful utterance4 ,he says1 ,how prudently most men sink into nameless graves1 while now and then a few forget themselves into immortality4 ,but the one doctrine which more than any other distinguished ,his teachings from those of uninspired instructors1 is forgiveness4 ,time and again ,he brings it forward and lays emphasis upon it4 ,in the very beginning of ,his ministry ,he drew a contrast between the perverted morals of that day and the spiritual life into which ,he would lead them 7,matt4 #e73 ,ye have heard that it hath been said1 ,thou shalt love thy neighbour1 and hate thine enemy4 ,but ,i say unto you1 ,love your enemies1 bless them that curse you1 do good to them that hate you1 and pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you2 ,that ye may be the children of your ,father which is in heaven1 for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good1 and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust4 ,for if ye love them which love you1 what reward have ye8 ,do not even the publicans the same8 ,and if ye salute your brethren only1 what do ye more than others8 ,do not even the publicans so8 ,be ye therefore perfect1 even as your ,father which is in heaven is perfect4 ,a little later1 ,he embodies the thought in the ,lord's ,prayer--,forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us4 ,he follows that with a scathing arraignment of the cruel servant1 who1 having been forgiven a debt almost incalculable in amount1 refused to forgive a small debt due to him4 ,even when in agony upon the cross the thought of forgiveness was uppermost in the ,saviour's heart and ,he prayed3 ,father1 forgive them1 for they know not what they do6 ,he was not thinking of relief to wrong-doers when ,he made forgiveness a cardinal principle in the moral code that ,he promulgated4 ,it was not1 ,i am persuaded1 to shield from just punishment one who does injury to another1 but to save the injured from the paralyzing influence of the thirst for revenge4 ,it is only rarely that one has an opportunity to retaliate1 but the desire for retaliation is a soul-destroying disease4 ,christ would purge the heart of hatred and make love the law of life4 ,christianity has been called ,the ,gospel of the ,second ,chance2 it is more than that4 ,there is no limit to the chances that it offers to the repentant4 ,when ,christ was asked whether one should forgive a brother seven times ,he answered1 ,seventy times seven4 ,christianity is the only hope of the discouraged and the despondent4 ,walter ,malone has put into a poem entitled ,opportunity the exhaustless mercy that ,christ holds out to men4 ,i quote the concluding stanzas3 ,though deep in mire1 wring not your hands and weep3 ,i lend my arm to all who say ,i can2 ,no shamefaced outcast ever sank so deep ,but he might rise and be again a man6 ,dost thou behold thy lost youth all aghast8 ,dost reel from righteous retribution's blow8 ,then turn from blotted archives of the past1 ,and find the future's pages white as snow4 ,art thou a mourner8 ,rouse thee from thy spell2 ,art thou a sinner8 ,sins may be forgiven4 ,each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell1 ,each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven4 ,when the ,heavenly ,father reserved to ,himself the right to avenge injuries ,he conferred an incalculable benefit upon mankind1 just as ,he did when ,he imposed upon the organs of the body the task of keeping us alive4 ,not a heart could beat1 nor could the lungs expand if their movement had been left to the voluntary act of man4 ,but ,god has relieved ,his creatures of concern about blood and breath that man1 freed from a labour beyond his strength1 may employ his time in the service of his ,maker4 ,and so man is relieved from the impossible task of avenging wrongs done him that he may devote himself to the public weal4 ,i shall at another time speak of some of the present-day fruits of this doctrine taught nineteen centuries ago2 ,i present it now as one of the most difficult of the ,christian virtues to cultivate1 but one of the most prolific in the blessings that it bestows4 ,it contributes largely to the securing of peace1 and ,christ is the ,prince of ,peace4 ,all the world is in search of peace2 every heart that ever beat has sought for peace and many have been the methods employed to secure it4 ,some have thought to purchase it with riches and they have laboured to secure wealth1 hoping to find peace when they were able to go where they pleased and buy what they liked4 ,of those who have endeavoured to purchase peace with money1 the large majority have failed to secure the money4 ,but what has been the experience of those who have been successful in accumulating money8 ,they all tell the same story1 viz41 that they spent the first half of their lives trying to get money from others and the last half trying to keep others from getting their money and that they found peace in neither half4 ,some have even reached the point where they find difficulty in getting worthy institutions to accept their money2 and ,i know of no better indication of the ethical awakening in this country than the increasing tendency to scrutinize the methods of money-making4 ,a long step in advance will have been taken when religious1 educational and charitable institutions refuse to condone immoral methods in business and leave the possessor of ill-gotten gains to learn the loneliness of life when one prefers money to morals4 ,some have sought peace in social distinctions1 but whether they have been within the charmed circle and fearful lest they might fall out1 or outside and hopeful that they might get in1 they have not found peace4 ,some have thought1 vain thought6 to find peace in political prominence2 but whether office comes by birth1 as in monarchies1 or by election1 as in republics1 it does not bring peace4 ,an office is conspicuous only when few can occupy it4 ,only when few in a generation can hope to enjoy an honour do we call it a great honour4 ,i am glad that our ,heavenly ,father did not make the peace of the human heart to depend upon the accumulation of wealth1 or upon the securing of social or political distinction1 for in either case but few could have enjoyed it4 ,when ,he made peace the reward of a conscience void of offense toward ,god and man1 ,he put it within the reach of all4 ,the poor can secure it as easily as the rich1 the social outcast as freely as the leader in society1 and the humblest citizen equally with those who wield political power4 ,come unto me1 all ye that labour and are heavy laden1 and ,i will give you rest4 ,take my yoke upon you1 and learn of me2 for ,i am meek and lowly in heart3 and ye shall find rest unto your souls4 ,for my yoke is easy1 and my burden is light 7,matt4 #aa3bh-cj74 ,here is a call to all--to every human being4 ,no one is beyond the reach of ,jesus' love4 ,the yoke is the emblem of service and service is the price of happiness4 ,we wear many yokes in common--the yoke of society1 the yoke of government1 and the yoke of custom1 not to speak of a multitude of yokes that are individual4 ,wherever the ,gospel has been carried there are two yokes between which a choice must be made--the devil's yoke and the yoke of the ,master4 ,let no one be deceived--if the devil would tempt the ,saviour ,himself1 will he not tempt you8 ,satan's service is alluring--it begins in pleasure and ends in sorrow--the dead are there6 ,christ's service begins in duty and ends in delight--,blessed is the man who endureth temptation4 ,the devil's path is like a forest road at eventide2 it grows darker and darker until all is lost in the blackness of the night4 ,christ's path leads from darkness into light4 ,he is risen6 ,what inspiration in these words6 ,nature proclaims a life beyond the grave1 but ,christ proves it by ,his resurrection4 ,nature gives circumstantial evidence that would seem conclusive2 but ,christ is the living witness whose testimony establishes beyond controversy that the mortal can put on immortality4 ,he comforts those who mourn2 ,he dispels the gloom by making death but a narrow1 star-lit strip between the companionship of yesterday and the reunion of to-morrow4 ,christ not only gives us assurance of immortality but ,he adds the promise of ,his return4 ,as ,he ascended in like manner will ,he come again4 ,and1 lo1 he goeth before you into ,galilee4 ,yes1 ,he is still going on before--still leading1 and ,his leadership will continue until time shall be no more4 ,the growth of ,christianity from its beginning on the banks of the ,jordan1 until to-day1 when its converts are baptized in every part of the world1 is so graphically described by ,dr4 ,charles ,edward ,jefferson1 in his book entitled ,things ,fundamental1 that ,i take the liberty of giving the following extracts3 ,christ in history6 ,there is a fact--face it4 ,according to the ,new ,testament1 ,jesus walked along the shores of a little sea known as the ,sea of ,galilee4 ,and there ,he called ,peter and ,andrew and ,james and ,john and several others to be ,his followers1 and they left all and followed ,him4 ,after they had followed ,him they revered ,him1 and later on adored and worshipped ,him4 ,he left them on their faces1 each man saying1 ',my ,lord and my ,god6' ,all that is in the ,new ,testament4 ,but put the ,new ,testament away4 ,time passes2 history widens2 an unseen ,presence walks up and down the shores of a larger sea1 the sea called the ,mediterranean--and this unseen ,presence calls men to follow ,him 444--another twelve--and these all followed ,him and cast themselves at ,his feet1 saying1 in the words of the earlier twelve1 ',my ,lord and my ,god6' ,time passes2 history advances2 humanity lives its life around the circle of a larger sea--the ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,an unseen ,presence walks up and down the shores calling men to follow ,him 4444 --another twelve--and these leave all and follow ,him4 ,we find them on their faces1 each one saying1 ',my ,lord and my ,god6' ,time passes2 history is widening2 humanity is building its civilization around a still wider sea--we call it the ,pacific ,ocean4 ,an unknown ,presence moves up and down the shores calling men to follow ,him1 and they are doing it4 ,another company of twelve is forming4 ,and what took place in ,palestine nineteen centuries ago is taking place again in our own day and under our own eyes4 ,i conclude by calling attention to the comprehensiveness of ,christ's authority4 ,after ,his crucifixion and resurrection--in ,his last conference with ,his followers--,he announces ,his boldest claim to power universal and perpetual 7,matt4 #bh73 444 ,all power is given unto me in heaven and in earth4 ,go ye therefore1 and teach all nations1 baptizing them in the name of the ,father1 and of the ,son1 and of the ,holy ,ghost2 ,teaching them to observe all things whatsoever ,i have commanded you3 and1 lo1 ,i am with you alway1 even unto the end of the world4 ,amen4 ,here is a ,gospel intended for every human being2 here is a code of morals that is to endure for all time2 here is a solution for every problem that can vex a heart or perplex a world1 and back of these is all power in ,heaven and in ,earth4 ,the word all is used four times in a few sentences4 ,there is nothing in reserve4 ,we have the final word in religion--,jesus ,christ for all1 and for all time--,the same yesterday1 and to-day and forever4 ,,iv ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,man ,when the mainspring is broken a watch ceases to be useful as a timekeeper4 ,a handsome case may make it still an ornament and the parts may have a market value1 but it cannot serve the purpose of a watch4 ,there is that in each human life that corresponds to the mainspring of a watch--that which is absolutely necessary if the life is to be what it should be1 a real life and not a mere existence4 ,that necessary thing is a belief in ,god4 ,religion is defined as the relation between ,god and man1 and ,tolstoy has described morality as the outward expression of this inward relationship4 ,if it be true1 as ,i believe it is1 that morality is dependent upon religion1 then religion is not only the most practical thing in the world1 but the first essential4 ,without religion1 viz41 a sense of dependence upon ,god and reverence for ,him1 one can play a part in both the physical and the intellectual world1 but he cannot live up to the possibilities which ,god has placed within the reach of each human being4 ,a belief in ,god is fundamental2 upon it rest the influences that control life4 ,first1 the consciousness of ,god's presence in the life gives one a sense of responsibility to the ,creator for every thought and word and deed4 ,second1 prayer rests upon a belief in ,god2 communion with the ,creator in the expression of gratitude and in pleas for guidance powerfully influences man4 ,third1 belief in a personal immortality rests upon faith in ,god2 the inward restraint that one finds in a faith that looks forward to a future life with its rewards and punishments1 makes outward restraint less necessary4 ,man is weak enough in hours of temptation1 even when he is fortified by the conviction that this life is but a small arc of an infinite circle2 his power of resistance is greatly impaired if he accepts the doctrine that conscious existence terminates with death4 ,fourth1 the spirit of brotherhood rests on a belief in ,god4 ,we trace our relationship to our fellowmen through the ,creator1 the ,common ,parent of us all4 ,fifth1 belief in the ,bible depends upon a belief in ,god4 ,jehovah comes first2 ,his word comes afterward4 ,there can be no inspiration without a ,heavenly ,father to inspire4 ,sixth1 belief in ,god is also necessary to a belief in ,christ2 the ,son could not have revealed the ,father to man according to any atheistic theory4 ,and so with all other ,christian doctrines3 they rest upon a belief in ,god4 ,if belief in ,god is necessary to the beliefs enumerated1 then it follows logically that anything that weakens belief in ,god weakens man1 and1 to the extent that it impairs belief in ,god1 reduces his power to measure up to his opportunities and responsibilities4 ,if there is at work in the world to-day anything that tends to break this mainspring1 it is the duty of the moral1 as well as the ,christian1 world to combat this influence in every possible way4 ,i believe there is such a menace to fundamental morality4 ,the hypothesis to which the name of ,darwin has been given--the hypothesis that links man to the lower forms of life and makes him a lineal descendant of the brute--is obscuring ,god and weakening all the virtues that rest upon the religious tie between ,god and man4 ,passing over1 for the present1 all other phases of evolution and considering only that part of the system which robs man of the dignity conferred upon him by separate creation1 when ,god breathed into him the breath of life and he became the first man1 ,i venture to call attention to the demoralizing influence exerted by this doctrine4 ,if we accept the ,bible as true we have no difficulty in determining the origin of man4 ,in the first chapter of ,genesis we read that ,god1 after creating all other things1 said1 ,let us make man in our image1 after our likeness2 and let him have dominion over the fish of the sea1 and over the fowl of the air1 and over the cattle1 and over all the earth1 and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth4 ,so ,god created man in his own image1 in the image of ,god created he him2 male and female created he them4 ,the materialist has always rejected the ,bible account of ,creation and1 during the last half century1 the ,darwinian doctrine has been the means of shaking the faith of millions4 ,it is important that man should have a correct understanding of his line of descent4 ,huxley calls it the question of questions for mankind4 ,he says3 ,the problem which underlies all others1 and is more interesting than any other--is the ascertainment of the place which man occupies in nature and of his relation to the universe of things4 ,whence our race has come1 what are the limits of our power over nature1 and of nature's power over us1 to what goal are we tending1 are the problems which present themselves anew with undiminished interest to every man born in the world4 ,the materialists deny the existence of ,god and seek to explain man's presence upon the earth without a creative act4 ,they go back from man to the animals1 and from one form of life to another until they come to the first germ of life2 there they divide into two schools1 some believing that the first germ of life came from another planet1 others holding that it was the result of spontaneous generation4 ,one school answers the arguments advanced by the other and1 as they cannot agree with each other1 ,i am not compelled to agree with either4 ,if it were necessary to accept one of these theories ,i would prefer the first2 for1 if we can chase the germ of life off of this planet and out into space1 we can guess the rest of the way and no one can contradict us4 ,but1 if we accept the doctrine of spontaneous generation we will have to spend our time explaining why spontaneous generation ceased to act after the first germ of life was created4 ,it is not necessary to pay much attention to any theory that boldly eliminates ,god2 it does not deceive many4 ,the mind revolts at the idea of spontaneous generation2 in all the researches of the ages no scientist has found a single instance of life that was not begotten by life4 ,the materialist has nothing but imagination to build upon2 he cannot hope for company or encouragement4 ,but the ,darwinian doctrine is more dangerous because more deceptive4 ,it permits one to believe in a ,god1 but puts the creative act so far away that reverence for the ,creator--even belief in ,him--is likely to be lost4 ,before commenting on the ,darwinian hypothesis let me refer you to the language of its author as it applies to man4 ,on page #ahj of ,descent of ,man 7,hurst ,company1 ,edition #ahgd71 ,darwin says3 ,our most ancient progenitors in the kingdom of the ,vertebrata1 at which we are able to obtain an obscure glance1 apparently consisted of a group of marine animals1 resembling the larvae of the existing ,ascidians4 ,then he suggests a line of descent leading to the monkey4 ,and he does not even permit us to indulge in a patriotic pride of ancestry2 instead of letting us descend from ,american monkeys1 he connects us with the ,european branch of the monkey family4 ,it will be noted1 first1 that he begins the summary with the word apparently1 which the ,standard ,dictionary defines3 as judged by appearances1 without passing upon its reality4 ,his second sentence 7following the sentence quoted7 turns upon the word probably1 which is defined3 as far as the evidence shows1 presumably1 likely4 ,his works are full of words indicating uncertainty4 ,the phrase we may2 well suppose1 occurs over eight hundred times in his two principal works4 7,see ,herald ,presbyter1 ,november #bb1 #aiad47 ,the eminent scientist is guessing4 ,after locating our gorilla and chimpanzee ancestors in ,africa1 he concludes that it is useless to speculate on this subject4 ,if the uselessness of speculation had occurred to him at the beginning of his investigation he might have escaped responsibility for shaking the faith of two generations by his guessing on the whole subject of biology4 ,if we could divide the human race into two distinct groups we might allow evolutionists to worship brutes as ancestors but they insist on connecting all mankind with the jungle4 ,we have a right to protect our family tree4 ,having given ,darwin's conclusions as to man's ancestry1 ,i shall quote him to prove that his hypothesis is not only groundless1 but absurd and harmful to society4 ,it is groundless because there is not a single fact in the universe that can be cited to prove that man is descended from the lower animals4 ,darwin does not use facts2 he uses conclusions drawn from similarities4 ,he builds upon presumptions1 probabilities and inferences1 and asks the acceptance of his hypothesis notwithstanding the fact that connecting links have not hitherto been discovered 7page #afb74 ,he advances an hypothesis which1 if true1 would find support on every foot of the earth's surface1 but which1 as a matter of fact1 finds support nowhere4 ,there are myriads of living creatures about us1 from insects too small to be seen with the naked eye to the largest mammals1 and1 yet1 not one is in transition from one species to another2 every one is perfect4 ,it is strange that slight similarities could make him ignore gigantic differences4 ,the remains of nearly one hundred species of vertebrate life have been found in the rocks1 of which more than one-half are found living to-day1 and none of the survivors show material change4 ,the word hypothesis is a synonym used by scientists for the word guess2 it is more dignified in sound and more imposing to the sight1 but it has the same meaning as the old-fashioned1 every-day word1 guess4 ,if ,darwin had described his doctrine as a guess instead of calling it an hypothesis1 it would not have lived a year4#a ,footnote #a3 ,dr4 ,etheridge1 ,fossiologist of the ,british ,museum1 says3 ,nine-tenths of the talk of ,evolutionists is sheer nonsense1 not founded on observation and wholly unsupported by facts4 ,this museum is full of proofs of the utter falsity of their views4 ,prof4 ,beale1 of ,king's ,college1 ,london1 says3 ,in support of all naturalistic conjectures concerning man's origin1 there is not at this time a shadow of scientific evidence4 ,prof4 ,fleischmann1 of ,erlangen1 says3 ,the ,darwinian theory has in the realms of ,nature not a single fact to confirm it4 ,it is not the result of scientific research1 but purely the product of the imagination4 ,the ,january issue of ,science1 #aibb1 contains a speech delivered at ,toronto last ,december by ,prof4 ,william ,bateson of ,london before the ,american ,association for the ,advancement of ,science4 ,he says that science has faith in evolution but doubts as to the origin of species4 ,probably nothing impresses ,darwin more than the fact that at an early stage the foetus of a child cannot be distinguished from the foetus of an ape1 but why should such a similarity in the beginning impress him more than the difference at birth and the immeasurable gulf between the two at forty8 ,if science cannot detect a difference1 known to exist1 between the foetus of an ape and the foetus of a child1 it should not ask us to substitute the inferences1 the presumptions and the probabilities of science for the word of ,god4 ,science has rendered invaluable service to society2 her achievements are innumerable--and the hypotheses of scientists should be considered with an open mind4 ,their theories should be carefully examined and their arguments fairly weighed1 but the scientist cannot compel acceptance of any argument he advances1 except as1 judged upon its merits1 it is convincing4 ,man is infinitely more than science2 science1 as well as the ,sabbath1 was made for man4 ,it must be remembered1 also1 that all sciences are not of equal importance4 ,tolstoy insists that the science of ,how to ,live is more important than any other science1 and is this not true8 ,it is better to trust in the ,rock of ,ages1 than to know the age of the rocks2 it is better for one to know that he is close to the ,heavenly ,father1 than to know how far the stars in the heavens are apart4 ,and is it not just as important that the scientists who deal with matter should respect the scientists who deal with spiritual things1 as that the latter should respect the former8 ,if it be true1 as ,paul declares1 that the things that are seen are temporal while the things that are unseen are eternal1 why should those who deal with temporal things think themselves superior to those who deal with the things that are eternal8 ,why should the ,bible1 which the centuries have not been able to shake1 be discarded for scientific works that have to be revised and corrected every few years8 ,the preference should be given to the ,bible4 ,the two lines of work are parallel4 ,there should be no conflict between the discoverers of real truths1 because real truths do not conflict4 ,every truth harmonizes with every other truth1 but why should an hypothesis1 suggested by a scientist1 be accepted as true until its truth is established8 ,science should be the last to make such a demand because science to be truly science is classified knowledge2 it is the explanation of facts4 ,tested by this definition1 ,darwinism is not science at all2 it is guesses strung together4 ,there is more science in the twenty-fourth verse of the first chapter of ,genesis 7,and ,god said1 let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind1 cattle and creeping things1 and beast of the earth after his kind2 and it was so47 than in all that ,darwin wrote4 ,it is no light matter to impeach the veracity of the ,scriptures in order to accept1 not a truth--not even a theory--but a mere hypothesis4 ,professor ,huxley says1 ,there is no fault to be found with ,darwin's method1 but it is another thing whether he has fulfilled all the conditions imposed by that method4 ,is it satisfactorily proved that species may be originated by selection8 ,that none of the phenomena exhibited by the species are inconsistent with the origin of the species in this way8 ,if these questions can be answered in the affirmative1 ,mr4 ,darwin's view steps out of the ranks of hypothesis into that of theories2 but so long as the evidence adduced falls short of enforcing that affirmative1 so long1 to our minds1 the new doctrine must be content to remain among the former--an extremely valuable1 and in the highest degree probable1 doctrine2 indeed the only extant hypothesis which is worth anything in a scientific point of view2 but still a hypothesis1 and not a theory of species4 ,after much consideration1 he adds1 and assuredly with no bias against ,darwin's views1 it is our clear conviction that1 as the evidence now stands1 it is not absolutely proven that a group of animals1 having all the characters exhibited by species in nature1 has ever been originated by selection1 whether artificial or natural4 ,but ,darwin is absurd as well as groundless4 ,he announces two laws1 which1 in his judgment1 explain the development of man from the lowest form of animal life1 viz41 natural selection and sexual selection4 ,the latter has been abandoned by the modern believers in evolution1 but two illustrations1 taken from ,darwin's ,descent of ,man1 will show his unreliability as a guide to the young4 ,on page #ehg of the #ahgd edition1 he tries to explain man's superior mental strength 7a proposition more difficult to defend to-day than in ,darwin's time74 ,his theory is that1 the struggle between the males for the possession of the females helped to develop the male mind and that this superior strength was transmitted by males to their male offspring4 ,after having shown1 to his own satisfaction1 how sexual selection would account for the 7supposed7 greater strength of the male mind1 he turns his attention to another question1 namely1 how did man become a hairless animal8 ,this he accounts for also by sexual selection--the females preferred the males with the least hair 7page #fbd74 ,in a footnote on page #fbe he says that this view has been harshly criticized4 ,hardly any view advanced in this work1 he says1 has met with so much disfavour4 ,a comment and a question3 ,first1 ,unless the brute females were very different from the females as we know them1 they would not have agreed in taste4 ,some would probably have preferred males with less hair1 others1 we may well suppose1 would have preferred males with more hair4 ,those with more hair would naturally be the stronger because better able to resist the weather4 ,but1 second1 how could the males have strengthened their minds by fighting for the females if1 at the same time1 the females were breeding the hair off by selecting the males8 ,or1 did the males select for three years and then allow the females to do the selecting during leap year8 ,but1 worse yet1 in a later edition published by ,l4,a4 ,burt ,company1 a supplemental note is added to discuss two letters which he thought supported the idea that sexual selection transformed the hairy animal into the hairless man4 ,darwin's correspondent 7page #gaj7 reports that a mandril seemed to be proud of a bare spot4 ,can anything be less scientific than trying to guess what an animal is thinking about8 ,it would seem that this also was a subject about which it was useless to speculate4 ,while on this subject it may be worth while to call your attention to other fantastic imaginings of which those are guilty who reject the ,bible and enter the field of speculation--fiction surpassing anything to be found in the ,arabian ,nights4 ,if one accepts the ,scriptural account of the creation1 he can credit ,god with the working of miracles and with the doing of many things that man cannot understand4 ,the evolutionist1 however1 having substituted what he imagines to be a universal law for separate acts of creation must explain everything4 ,the evolutionist1 not to go back farther than life just now1 begins with one or a few invisible germs of life on the planet and imagines that these invisible germs have1 by the operation of what they call resident forces1 unaided from without1 developed into all that we see to-day4 ,they cannot in a lifetime explain the things that have to be explained1 if their hypothesis is accepted--a useless waste of time even if explanation were possible4 ,take the eye1 for instance2 believing in the ,mosaic account1 ,i believe that ,god made the eyes when ,he made man--not only made the eyes but carved out the caverns in the skull in which they hang4 ,it is easy for the believer in the ,bible to explain the eyes1 because he believes in a ,god who can do all things and1 according to the ,bible1 did create man as a part of a divine plan4 ,but how does the evolutionist explain the eye when he leaves ,god out8 ,here is the only guess that ,i have seen--if you find any others ,i shall be glad to know of them1 as ,i am collecting the guesses of the evolutionists4 ,the evolutionist guesses that there was a time when eyes were unknown--that is a necessary part of the hypothesis4 ,and since the eye is a universal possession among living things the evolutionist guesses that it came into being--not by design or by act of ,god--but just happened1 and how did it happen8 ,i will give you the guess--a piece of pigment1 or1 as some say1 a freckle appeared upon the skin of an animal that had no eyes4 ,this piece of pigment or freckle converged the rays of the sun upon that spot and when the little animal felt the heat on that spot it turned the spot to the sun to get more heat4 ,the increased heat irritated the skin--so the evolutionists guess1 and a nerve came there and out of the nerve came the eye6 ,can you beat it8 ,but this only accounts for one eye2 there must have been another piece of pigment or freckle soon afterward and just in the right place in order to give the animal two eyes4 ,and1 according to the evolutionist1 there was a time when animals had no legs1 and so the leg came by accident4 ,how8 ,well1 the guess is that a little animal without legs was wiggling along on its belly one day when it discovered a wart--it just happened so--and it was in the right place to be used to aid it in locomotion2 so1 it came to depend upon the wart1 and use finally developed it into a leg4 ,and then another wart and another leg1 at the proper time--by accident--and accidentally in the proper place4 ,is it not astonishing that any person intelligent enough to teach school would talk such tommyrot to students and look serious while doing so8 ,and yet ,i read only a few weeks ago1 on page #abd of a little book recently issued by a prominent ,new ,york minister1 the following3 ,man has grown up in this universe gradually developing his powers and functions as responses to his environment4 ,if he has eyes1 so the biologists assure us1 it is because light waves played upon the skin and eyes came out in answer2 if he has ears it is because the air waves were there first and the ears came out to hear4 ,man never yet1 according to the evolutionist1 has developed any power save as a reality called it into being4 ,there would be no fins if there were no water1 no wings if there were no air1 no legs if there were no land4 ,you see ,i only called your attention to forty per cent4 of the absurdities2 he speaks of eyes1 ears1 fins1 wings and legs--five4 ,i only called attention to eyes and legs--two4 ,the evolutionist guesses himself away from ,god1 but he only makes matters worse4 ,how long did the light waves have to play on the skin before the eyes came out8 ,the evolutionist is very deliberate2 he is long on time4 ,he would certainly give the eye thousands of years1 if not millions1 in which to develop2 but how could he be sure that the light waves played all the time in one place or played in the same place generation after generation until the development was complete8 ,and why did the light waves quit playing when two eyes were perfected8 ,why did they not keep on playing until there were eyes all over the body8 ,why do they not play to-day1 so that we may see eyes in process of development8 ,and if the light waves created the eyes1 why did they not create them strong enough to bear the light8 ,why did the light waves make eyes and then make eyelids to keep the light out of the eyes8 ,and so with the ears4 ,they must have gone in to hear instead of out1 and wasn't it lucky that they happened to go in on opposite sides of the head instead of cater-cornered or at random8 ,is it not easier to believe in a ,god who can make the eye1 the ear1 the fin1 the wing1 and the leg1 as well as the light1 the sound1 the air1 the water and the land8 ,there is such an abundance of ludicrous material that it is hard to resist the temptation to continue illustrations indefinitely1 but a few more will be sufficient4 ,in order that you may be prepared to ridicule these pseudo-scientists who come to you with guesses instead of facts1 let me give you three recent bits of evolutionary lore4 ,last ,november ,i was passing through ,philadelphia and read in an afternoon paper a report of an address delivered in that city by a college professor employed in extension work4 ,here is an extract from the paper's account of the speech3 ,evidence that early men climbed trees with their feet lies in the way we wear the heels of our shoes--more at the outside4 ,a baby can wiggle its big toe without wiggling its other toes--an indication that it once used its big toe in climbing trees4 ,what a consolation it must be to mothers to know that the baby is not to be blamed for wiggling the big toe without wiggling the other toes4 ,it cannot help it1 poor little thing2 it is an inheritance from the tree man1 so the evolutionists tell us4 ,and here is another extract3 ,we often dream of falling4 ,those who fell out of the trees some fifty thousand years ago and were killed1 of course1 had no descendants4 ,so those who fell and were not hurt1 of course1 lived1 and so we are never hurt in our dreams of falling4 ,of course1 if we were actually descended from the inhabitants of trees1 it would seem quite likely that we descended from those that were not killed in falling4 ,but they must have been badly frightened if the impression made upon their feeble minds could have lasted for fifty thousand years and still be vivid enough to scare us4 ,if the ,bible said anything so idiotic as these guessers put forth in the name of science1 scientists would have a great time ridiculing the sacred pages1 but men who scoff at the recorded interpretation of dreams by ,joseph and ,daniel seem to be able to swallow the amusing interpretations offered by the ,pennsylvania professor4 ,a few months ago the ,sunday ,school ,times quoted a professor in an ,illinois ,university as saying that the great day in history was the day when a water puppy crawled up on the land and1 deciding to be a land animal1 became man's progenitor4 ,if these scientific speculators can agree upon the day they will probably insist on our abandoning ,washington's birthday1 the ,fourth of ,july1 and even ,christmas1 in order to join with the whole world in celebrating ,water ,puppy ,day4 ,within the last few weeks the papers published a dispatch from ,paris to the effect that an eminent scientist announced that he had communicated with the spirit of a dog and learned from the dog that it was happy4 ,must we believe this1 too8 ,but is the law of natural selection a sufficient explanation1 or a more satisfactory explanation1 than sexual selection8 ,it is based on the theory that where there is an advantage in any characteristic1 animals that possess this characteristic survive and propagate their kind4 ,this1 according to ,darwin's argument1 leads to progress through the survival of the fittest4 ,this law or principle 7natural selection71 so carefully worked out by ,darwin1 is being given less and less weight by scientists4 ,darwin himself admits that he perhaps attributed too much to the action of natural selection and the survival of the fittest 7page #gf74 ,john ,burroughs1 the naturalist1 rejects it in a recent magazine article4 ,the followers of ,darwin are trying to retain evolution while rejecting the arguments that led ,darwin to accept it as an explanation of the varied life on the planet4 ,some evolutionists reject ,darwin's line of descent and believe that man1 instead of coming from the ape1 branched off from a common ancestor farther back1 but cousin ape is as objectionable as grandpa ape4 ,while survival of the fittest may seem plausible when applied to individuals of the same species1 it affords no explanation whatever1 of the almost infinite number of creatures that have come under man's observation4 ,to believe that natural selection1 sexual selection or any other kind of selection can account for the countless differences we see about us requires more faith in chance than a ,christian is required to have in ,god4 ,is it conceivable that the hawk and the hummingbird1 the spider and the honey bee1 the turkey gobbler and the mocking-bird1 the butterfly and the eagle1 the ostrich and the wren1 the tree toad and the elephant1 the giraffe and the kangaroo1 the wolf and the lamb should all be the descendants of a common ancestor8 ,yet these and all other creatures must be blood relatives if man is next of kin to the monkey4 ,if the evolutionists are correct2 if it is true that all that we see is the result of development from one or a few invisible germs of life1 then1 in plants as well as in animals there must be a line of descent connecting all the trees and vegetables and flowers with a common ancestry4 ,does it not strain the imagination to the breaking point to believe that the oak1 the cedar1 the pine and the palm are all the progeny of one ancient seed and that this seed was also the ancestor of wheat and corn1 potato and tomato1 onion and sugar beet1 rose and violet1 orchid and daisy1 mountain flower and magnolia8 ,is it not more rational to believe in ,god and explain the varieties of life in terms of divine power than to waste our lives in ridiculous attempts to explain the unexplainable8 ,there is no mortification in admitting that there are insoluble mysteries2 but it is shameful to spend the time that ,god has given for nobler use in vain attempts to exclude ,god from ,his own universe and to find in chance a substitute for ,god's power and wisdom and love4 ,while evolution in plant life and in animal life up to the highest form of animal might1 if there were proof of it1 be admitted without raising a presumption that would compel us to give a brute origin to man1 why should we admit a thing of which there is no proof8 ,why should we encourage the guesses of these speculators and thus weaken our power to protest when they attempt the leap from the monkey to man8 ,let the evolutionist furnish his proof4 ,although our chief concern is in protecting man from the demoralization involved in accepting a brute ancestry1 it is better to put the advocates of evolution upon the defensive and challenge them to produce proof in support of their hypothesis in plant life and in the animal world4 ,they will be kept so busy trying to find support for their hypothesis in the kingdoms below man that they will have little time left to combat the ,word of ,god in respect to man's origin4 ,evolution joins issue with the ,mosaic account of creation4 ,god's law1 as stated in ,genesis1 is reproduction according to kind2 evolution implies reproduction not according to kind4 ,while the process of change implied in evolution is covered up in endless eons of time it is change nevertheless4 ,the ,bible does not say that reproduction shall be nearly according to kind or seemingly according to kind4 ,the statement is positive that it is according to kind1 and that does not leave any room for the changes however gradual or imperceptible that are necessary to support the evolutionary hypothesis4 ,we see about us everywhere and always proof of the ,bible law1 viz41 reproduction according to kind2 we find nothing in the universe to support ,darwin's doctrine of reproduction other than of kind4 ,if you question the possibility of such changes as the ,darwinian doctrine supposes you are reminded that the scientific speculators have raised the time limit4 ,if ten million years are not sufficient1 take twenty1 they say3 ,if fifty million years are not enough take one or two hundred millions4 ,that accuracy is not essential in such guessing may be inferred from the fact that the estimates of the time that has elapsed since life began on the earth1 vary from less than twenty-five million years to more than three hundred million4 ,darwin estimated this period at two hundred million years while ,darwin's son estimated it at fifty-seven million4 ,it requires more than millions of years to account for the varieties of life that inhabit the earth2 it requires a ,creator1 unlimited in power1 unlimited intelligence1 and unlimited love4 ,but the doctrine of evolution is sometimes carried farther than that4 ,a short while ago ,canon ,barnes1 of ,westminster ,abbey1 startled his congregation by an interpretation of evolution that ran like this3 ,it now seems highly probable 7probability again7 that from some fundamental stuff in the universe the electrons arose4 ,from them came matter4 ,from matter1 life emerged4 ,from life came mind4 ,from mind1 spiritual consciousness was developing4 ,there was a time when matter1 life and mind1 and the soul of man were not1 but now they are4 ,each has arisen as a part of the vast scheme planned by ,god4 7,an ,american professor in a ,christian college has recently expressed himself along substantially the same lines47 ,but what has ,god been doing since the stuff began to develop8 ,the verbs used by ,canon ,barnes indicate an internal development unaided from above4 ,arose1 came1 emerged1 etc41 all exclude the idea that ,god is within reach or call in man's extremity4 ,when ,i was a boy in college the materialists began with matter separated into infinitely small particles and every particle separated from every other particle by distance infinitely great4 ,but now they say that it takes #a1gdj electrons to make an atom of infinite fineness4 ,god1 they insist1 has not had anything to do with this universe since #a1gdj electrons formed a chorus and sang1 ,we'll be an atom by and by4 ,it requires measureless credulity to enable one to believe that all that we see about us came by chance1 by a series of happy-go-lucky accidents4 ,if only an infinite ,god could have formed hydrogen and oxygen and united them in just the right proportions to produce water--the daily need of every living thing--scattered among the flowers all the colours of the rainbow and every variety of perfume1 adjusted the mocking-bird's throat to its musical scale1 and fashioned a soul for man1 why should we want to imprison such a ,god in an impenetrable past8 ,this is a living world2 why not a living ,god upon the throne8 ,why not allow ,him to work now8 ,darwin is so sure that his theory is correct that he is ready to accuse the ,creator of trying to deceive man if the theory is not sound4 ,on page #da he says3 ,to take any other view is to admit that our structure and that of all animals about us1 is a mere snare to entrap our judgment2 as if the ,almighty were in duty bound to make each species so separate from every other that no one could possibly be confused by resemblances4 ,there would seem to be differences enough4 ,to put man in a class with the chimpanzee because of any resemblances that may be found is so unreasonable that the masses have never accepted it4 ,if we see houses of different size1 from one room to one hundred1 we do not say that the large houses grew out of small ones1 but that the architect that could plan one could plan all4 ,but a groundless hypothesis--even an absurd one--would be unworthy of notice if it did no harm4 ,this hypothesis1 however1 does incalculable harm4 ,it teaches that ,christianity impairs the race physically4 ,that was the first implication at which ,i revolted4 ,it led me to review the doctrine and reject it entirely4 ,if hatred is the law of man's development2 that is1 if man has reached his present perfection by a cruel law under which the strong kill off the weak--then1 if there is any logic that can bind the human mind1 we must turn backward toward the brute if we dare to substitute the law of love for the law of hate4 ,that is the conclusion that ,i reached and it is the conclusion that ,darwin himself reached4 ,on pages #adi-ej he says3 ,with savages the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated2 and those that survive commonly exhibit a vigorous state of health4 ,we civilized men1 on the other hand1 do our utmost to check the progress of elimination4 ,we build asylums for the imbecile1 the maimed and the sick2 we institute poor laws2 our medical experts exert their utmost skill to save the lives of every one to the last moment4 ,there is reason to believe that vaccination has preserved thousands who from weak constitutions would have succumbed to smallpox4 ,thus the weak members of civilized societies propagate their kind4 ,no one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man4 ,this confession deserves analysis4 ,first1 he commends1 by implication1 the savage method of eliminating the weak1 while1 by implication1 he condemns civilized men for prolonging the life of the weak4 ,he even blames vaccination because it has preserved thousands who might otherwise have succumbed 7for the benefit of the race874 ,can you imagine anything more brutal8 ,and then note the low level of the argument4 ,no one who has attended the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man4 ,all on a brute basis4 ,his hypothesis breaks down here4 ,the minds which1 according to ,darwin1 are developed by natural selection and sexual selection1 use their power to suspend the law by which they have reached their high positions4 ,medicine is one of the greatest of the sciences and its chief object is to save life and strengthen the weak4 ,that1 ,darwin complains1 interferes with the survival of the fittest4 ,if he complains of vaccination1 what would he say of the more recent discovery of remedies for typhoid fever1 yellow fever and the black plague8 ,and what would he think of saving weak babies by pasteurizing milk and of the efforts to find a specific for tuberculosis and cancer8 ,can such a barbarous doctrine be sound8 ,but ,darwin's doctrine is even more destructive4 ,his heart rebels against the hard reason upon which his heartless hypothesis is built4 ,he says3 ,the aid which we feel impelled to give to the helpless is mainly the result of the instinct of sympathy1 which was originally acquired as a part of the social instincts1 but subsequently rendered in the manner indicated1 more tender and more widely diffused4 ,nor could we check our sympathy even at the urging of hard reason1 without deterioration in the noblest part of our nature4 ,the surgeon may harden himself while performing an operation1 for he knows he is acting for the good of his patient2 but if we were to intentionally neglect the weak and the helpless1 it could be only for a contingent benefit1 with overwhelming present evil4 ,we must therefore bear the undoubted bad effects of the weak surviving and propagating their kind4 ,the moral nature which1 according to ,darwin1 is also developed by natural selection and sexual selection1 repudiates the brutal law to which1 if his reasoning is correct1 it owes its origin4 ,can that doctrine be accepted as scientific when its author admits that we cannot apply it without deterioration in the noblest part of our nature8 ,on the contrary1 civilization is measured by the moral revolt against the cruel doctrine developed by ,darwin4 ,darwin rightly decided to suspend his doctrine1 even at the risk of impairing the race4 ,but some of his followers are more hardened4 ,a few years ago ,i read a book in which the author defended the use of alcohol on the ground that it rendered a service to society by killing off the degenerates4 ,and this argument was advanced by a scientist in the fall of #aibj at a congress against alcohol4 ,the language which ,i have quoted proves that ,darwinism is directly antagonistic to ,christianity1 which boasts of its eleemosynary institutions and of the care it bestows on the weak and the helpless4 ,darwin1 by putting man on a brute basis and ignoring spiritual values1 attacks the very foundations of ,christianity4 ,those who accept ,darwin's views are in the habit of saying that it need not lessen their reverence for ,god to believe that the ,creator fashioned a germ of life and endowed it with power to develop into what we see to-day4 ,it is true that a ,god who could make man as he is1 could have made him by the long-drawn-out process suggested by ,darwin4 ,to do either would require infinite power1 beyond the ability of man to comprehend4 ,but what is the natural tendency of ,darwin's doctrine8 ,will man's attitude toward ,darwin's ,god be the same as it would be toward the ,god of ,moses8 ,will the believer in ,darwin's ,god be as conscious of ,god's presence in his daily life8 ,will he be as sensitive to ,god's will and as anxious to find out what ,god wants him to do8 ,will the believer in ,darwin's ,god be as fervent in prayer and as open to the reception of divine suggestions8 ,i shall later trace the influence of ,darwinism on world peace when the doctrine is espoused by one bold enough to carry it to its logical conclusion1 but ,i must now point out its natural and logical effect upon young ,christians4 ,a boy is born in a ,christian family2 as soon as he is able to join words together into sentences his mother teaches him to lisp the child's prayer3 ,now ,i lay me down to sleep2 ,i pray the ,lord my soul to keep2 if ,i should die before ,i wake1 ,i pray the ,lord my soul to take4 ,a little later the boy is taught the ,lord's ,prayer and each day he lays his petition before the ,heavenly ,father3 ,give us this day our daily bread2 ,lead us not into temptation2 ,deliver us from evil2 ,forgive our trespasses2 etc4 ,he talks with ,god4 ,he goes to ,sunday school and learns that the ,heavenly ,father is even more kind than earthly parents2 he hears the preacher tell how precious our lives are in the sight of ,god--how even a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without ,his notice4 ,all his faith is built upon the ,book that informs him that he is made in the image of ,god2 that ,christ came to reveal ,god to man and to be man's ,saviour4 ,then he goes to college and a learned professor leads him through a book #fjj pages thick1 largely devoted to resemblances between man and the beasts about him4 ,his attention is called to a point in the ear that is like a point in the ear of the ourang1 to canine teeth1 to muscles like those by which a horse moves his ears4 ,he is then told that everything found in a human brain is found in miniature in a brute brain4 ,and how about morals8 ,he is assured that the development of the moral sense can be explained on a brute basis without any act of1 or aid from1 ,god4 7,see pages #aac-aad47 ,no mention of religion1 the only basis for morality2 not a suggestion of a sense of responsibility to ,god--nothing but cold1 clammy materialism6 ,darwinism transforms the ,bible into a story book and reduces ,christ to man's level4 ,it gives him an ape for an ancestor on ,his mother's side at least and1 as many evolutionists believe1 on ,his ,father's side also4 ,the instructor gives the student a new family tree millions of years long1 with its roots in the water 7marine animals7 and then sets him adrift1 with infinite capacity for good or evil but with no light to guide him1 no compass to direct him and no chart of the sea of life6 ,no wonder so large a percentage of the boys and girls who go from ,sunday schools and churches to colleges 7sometimes as high as seventy-five per cent47 never return to religious work4 ,how can one feel ,god's presence in his daily life if ,darwin's reasoning is sound8 ,this restraining influence1 more potent than any external force1 is paralyzed when ,god is put so far away4 ,how can one believe in prayer if1 for millions of years1 ,god has never touched a human life or laid ,his hand upon the destiny of the human race8 ,what mockery to petition or implore1 if ,god neither hears nor answers4 ,elijah taunted the prophets of ,baal when their god failed to answer with fire2 ,cry aloud1 he said1 peradventure he sleepeth4 ,darwin mocks the ,christians even more cruelly2 he tells us that our ,god has been asleep for millions of years4 ,even worse1 he does not affirm that ,jehovah was ever awake4 ,nowhere does he collect for the reader the evidences of a ,creative ,power and call upon man to worship and obey ,god4 ,the great scientist is1 if ,i may borrow a phrase1 too much absorbed in the things infinitely small to consider the things infinitely great4 ,darwinism chills the spiritual nature and quenches the fires of religious enthusiasm4 ,if the proof in support of ,darwinism does not compel acceptance--and it does not--why substitute it for an account of the ,creation that links man directly with the ,creator and holds before him an example to be imitated8 ,as the eminent theologian1 ,charles ,hodge1 says3 ,the ,scriptural doctrine 7of ,creation7 accounts for the spiritual nature of man1 and meets all his spiritual necessities4 ,it gives him an object of adoration1 love and confidence4 ,it reveals the ,being on whom his indestructible sense of responsibility terminates4 ,the truth of this doctrine1 therefore1 rests not only upon the authority of the ,scriptures but on the very constitution of our nature4 ,i have spoken of what would seem to be the natural and logical effect of the ,darwin hypothesis on the minds of the young4 ,this view is confirmed by its actual effect on ,darwin himself4 ,in his ,life and ,letters1 he says3 ,i am much engaged1 an old man1 and out of health1 and ,i cannot spare time to answer your questions fully--nor indeed can they be answered4 ,science has nothing to do with ,christ1 except in so far as the habit of scientific research makes a man cautious in admitting evidence4 ,for myself1 ,i do not believe that there ever has been any revelation4 ,as for a future life1 every man must judge for himself between conflicting vague probabilities4 ,it will be seen that science1 according to ,darwin1 has nothing to do with ,christ 7except to discredit revelation which makes ,christ's mission known to men74 ,darwin himself does not believe that there has ever been any revelation1 which1 of course1 excludes ,christ4 ,it will be seen also that he has no definite views on the future life--every man1 he says1 must judge for himself between conflicting vague probabilities4 ,it is fair to conclude that it was his own doctrine that led him astray1 for in the same connection 7in ,life and ,letters7 he says that when aboard the ,beagle he was called orthodox and was heartily laughed at by several of the officers for quoting the ,bible as an unanswerable authority on some point of morality4 ,in the same connection he thus describes his change and his final attitude3 ,when thus reflecting ,i feel compelled to look to a ,first ,cause1 having an intelligent mind in some degree analogous to that of man2 and ,i deserve to be called a ,theist4 ,this conclusion was strong in my mind about the time1 as far as ,i can remember1 when ,i wrote the ',origin of ,species'2 and it is since that time that it has very gradually1 with many fluctuations1 become weaker4 ,but then arises the doubt3 ,can the mind of man1 which has1 as ,i fully believe1 been developed from a mind as low as that possessed by the lowest animals1 be trusted when it draws such grand conclusions8 ,i cannot pretend to throw the least light on such abstruse problems4 ,the mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble by us2 and ,i for one must be content to remain an ,agnostic4 ,a careful reading of the above discloses the gradual transition wrought in ,darwin himself by the unsupported hypothesis which he launched upon the world1 or which he endorsed with such earnestness and industry as to impress his name upon it ,he was regarded as orthodox when he was young2 he was even laughed at for quoting the ,bible as an unanswerable authority on some point of morality4 ,in the beginning he regarded himself as a ,theist and felt compelled to look to a ,first ,cause1 having an intelligent mind in some degree analogous to that of man4 ,this conclusion1 he says1 was strong in his mind when he wrote ,the ,origin of ,species1 but he observes that since that time this conclusion very gradually became weaker1 and then he unconsciously brings a telling indictment against his own hypothesis4 ,he says1 ,can the mind of man 7which1 according to his belief1 has been developed from a mind as low as that possessed by the lowest animals7 be trusted when it draws such grand conclusions8 ,he first links man with the animals1 and then1 because of this supposed connection1 estimates man's mind by brute standards4 ,agnosticism is the natural attitude of the evolutionist4 ,how can a brute mind comprehend spiritual things8 ,it makes a tremendous difference what a man thinks about his origin whether he looks up or down4 ,who will say1 after reading these words1 that it is immaterial what man thinks about his origin8 ,who will deny that the acceptance of the ,darwinian hypothesis shuts out the higher reasonings and the larger conceptions of man8 ,on the very brink of the grave1 after he had extracted from his hypothesis all the good that there was in it and all the benefit that it could confer1 he is helplessly in the dark1 and cannot pretend to throw the least light on such abstruse problems4 ,when he believed in ,god1 in the ,bible1 in ,christ and in a future life there were no mysteries that disturbed him1 but a guess with nothing in the universe to support it swept him away from his moorings and left him in his old age in the midst of mysteries that he thought insoluble4 ,he must content himself with ,agnosticism4 ,what can ,darwinism ever do to compensate any one for the destruction of faith in ,god1 in ,his ,word1 in ,his ,son1 and of hope of immortality8 ,it would seem sufficient to quote ,darwin against himself and to cite the confessed effect of the doctrine as a sufficient reason for rejecting it1 but the situation is a very serious one and there is other evidence that should be presented4 ,james ,h4 ,leuba1 a professor of ,psychology in ,bryn ,mawr ,college1 ,pennsylvania1 wrote a book five years ago1 entitled ,belief in ,god and ,immortality4 ,it was published by ,sherman ,french ,co41 of ,boston1 and republished by ,the ,open ,court ,publishing ,company of ,chicago4 ,every ,christian preacher should procure a copy of this book and it should be in the hands of every ,christian layman who is anxious to aid in the defense of the ,bible against its enemies4 ,leuba has discarded belief in a personal ,god and in personal immortality4 ,he asserts that belief in a personal ,god and personal immortality is declining in the ,united ,states1 and he furnishes proof1 which1 as long as it is unchallenged1 seems conclusive4 ,he takes a book containing the names of fifty-five hundred scientists--the names of practically all ,american scientists of prominence1 he affirms--and sends them questions4 ,upon the answers received he asserts that more than one-half of the prominent scientists of the ,united ,states1 those teaching ,biology1 ,psychology1 ,geology and ,history especially1 have discarded belief in a personal ,god and in personal immortality4 ,this is what the doctrine of evolution is doing for those who teach our children4 ,they first discard the ,mosaic account of man's creation1 and they do it on the ground that there are no miracles4 ,this in itself constitutes a practical repudiation of the ,bible2 the miracles of the ,old and ,new ,testament cannot be cut out without a mutilation that is equivalent to rejection4 ,they reject the supernatural along with the miracle1 and with the supernatural the inspiration of the ,bible and the authority that rests upon inspiration4 ,if these believers in evolution are consistent and have the courage to carry their doctrine to its logical conclusion1 they reject the virgin birth of ,christ and the resurrection4 ,they may still regard ,christ as an unusual man1 but they will not make much headway in converting people to ,christianity1 if they declare ,jesus to be nothing more than a man and either a deliberate impostor or a deluded enthusiast4 ,the evil influence of these ,materialistic1 ,atheistic or ,agnostic professors is disclosed by further investigation made by ,leuba4 ,he questioned the students of nine representative colleges1 and upon their answers declares that1 while only fifteen per cent4 of the freshmen have discarded the ,christian religion1 thirty per cent4 of the juniors and that forty to forty-five per cent1 of the men graduates have abandoned the cardinal principles of the ,christian faith4 ,can ,christians be indifferent to such statistics8 ,is it an immaterial thing that so large a percentage of the young men who go from ,christian homes into institutions of learning should go out from these institutions with the spiritual element eliminated from their lives8 ,what shall it profit a man if he shall gain all the learning of the schools and lose his faith in ,god8 ,to show how these evolutionists undermine the faith of students let me give you an illustration that recently came to my attention3 ,a student in one of the largest ,state universities of the nation recently gave me a printed speech delivered by the president of the university1 a year ago this month1 to #c1ejj students1 and printed and circulated by the ,student ,christian ,association of the institution4 ,the student who gave me the speech marked the following paragraph3 ,and1 again1 religion must not be thought of as something that is inconsistent with reasonable1 scientific thinking in regard to the nature of the universe4 ,i go so far as to say that1 if you cannot reconcile religion with the things taught in biology1 in psychology1 or in the other fields of study in this university1 then you should throw your religion away4 ,scientific truth is here to stay4 ,what about the ,bible1 is it not here to stay8 ,if he had stopped with the first sentence1 his language might not have been construed to the injury of religion1 because religion is not inconsistent with reasonable1 scientific thinking in regard to the nature of the universe4 ,there is nothing unreasonable about ,christianity1 and there is nothing unscientific about ,christianity4 ,no scientific fact--no fact of any other kind can disturb religion1 because facts are not in conflict with each other4 ,it is guessing by scientists and so-called scientists that is doing the harm4 ,and it is guessing that is endorsed by this distinguished college president 7a ,d4,d41 too1 as well as an ,,ll4,d4 and a ,ph4,d47 when he says1 ,i go so far as to say that1 if you cannot reconcile religion with the things taught in biology1 in psychology1 or in the other fields of study in this university1 then you should throw your religion away4 ,what does this mean1 except that the books on biology and on other scientific subjects used in that university are to be preferred to the ,bible in case of conflict8 ,the student is told1 throw your religion away1 if he cannot reconcile it 7the ,bible1 of course17 with the things taught in biology1 psychology1 etc4 ,books on biology change constantly1 likewise books on psychology1 and yet they are held before the students as better authority than the unchanging ,word of ,god4 ,is any other proof needed to show the irreligious influence exerted by ,darwinism applied to man8 ,at the ,university of ,wisconsin 7so a ,methodist preacher told me7 a teacher told his class that the ,bible was a collection of myths4 ,when ,i brought the matter to the attention of the ,president of the ,university1 he criticized me but avoided all reference to the professor4 ,at ,ann ,arbor a professor argued with students against religion and asserted that no thinking man could believe in ,god or the ,bible4 ,at ,columbia 7,i learned this from a ,baptist preacher7 a professor began his course in geology by telling his class to throw away all that they had learned in the ,sunday school4 ,there is a professor in ,yale of whom it is said that no one leaves his class a believer in ,god4 7,this came from a young man who told me that his brother was being led away from the ,christian faith by this professor47 ,a father 7a ,congressman7 tells me that a daughter on her return from ,wellesley told him that nobody believed in the ,bible stories now4 ,another father 7a ,congressman7 tells me of a son whose faith was undermined by this doctrine in a ,divinity ,school4 ,three preachers told me of having their interest in the subject aroused by the return of their children from college with their faith shaken4 ,the ,northern ,baptists have recently1 after a spirited contest1 secured the adoption of a ,confession of ,faith2 it was opposed by the evolutionists4 ,in ,kentucky the fight is on among the ,disciples1 and it is becoming more and more acute in the ,northern branches of the ,methodist and ,presbyterian ,churches4 ,a young preacher1 just out of a theological seminary1 who did not believe in the virgin birth of ,christ1 was recently ordained in ,western ,new ,york4 ,last ,april ,i met a young man who was made an atheist by two teachers in a ,christian college4 ,these are only a few illustrations that have come under my own observation--nearly all of them within a year4 ,what is to be done8 ,are the members of the various ,christian churches willing to have the power of the pulpit paralyzed by a false1 absurd and ridiculous doctrine which is without support in the written ,word of ,god and without support also in nature8 ,is thus saith the ,lord to be supplanted by guesses and speculations and assumptions8 ,i submit three propositions for the consideration of the ,christians of the nation3 ,first1 the preachers who are to break the bread of life to the lay members should believe that man has in him the breath of the ,almighty1 as the ,bible declares1 and not the blood of the brute1 as the evolutionists affirm4 ,he should also believe in the virgin birth of the ,saviour4 ,second1 none but ,christians in good standing and with a spiritual conception of life should be allowed to teach in ,christian schools4 ,church schools are worse than useless if they bring students under the influence of those who do not believe in the religion upon which the ,church and church schools are built4 ,atheism and ,agnosticism are more dangerous when hidden under the cloak of religion than when they are exposed to view4 ,third1 in schools supported by taxation we should have a real neutrality wherever neutrality in religion is desired4 ,if the ,bible cannot be defended in these schools it should not be attacked1 either directly or under the guise of philosophy or science4 ,the neutrality which we now have is often but a sham2 it carefully excludes the ,christian religion but permits the use of the schoolrooms for the destruction of faith and for the teaching of materialistic doctrines4 ,it is not sufficient to say that some believers in ,darwinism retain their belief in ,christianity2 some survive smallpox4 ,as we avoid smallpox because many die of it1 so we should avoid ,darwinism because it leads many astray4 ,if it is contended that an instructor has a right to teach anything he likes1 ,i reply that the parents who pay the salary have a right to decide what shall be taught4 ,to continue the illustration used above1 a person can expose himself to the smallpox if he desires to do so1 but he has no right to communicate it to others4 ,so a man can believe anything he pleases but he has no right to teach it against the protest of his employers4 ,acceptance of ,darwin's doctrine tends to destroy one's belief in immortality as taught by the ,bible4 ,if there has been no break in the line between man and the beasts--no time when by the act of the ,heavenly ,father man became a living ,soul1 at what period in man's development was he endowed with the hope of a future life8 ,and1 if the brute theory leads to the abandonment of belief in a future life with its rewards and punishments1 what stimulus to righteous living is offered in its place8 ,darwinism leads to a denial of ,god4 ,nietzsche carried ,darwinism to its logical conclusion and it made him the most extreme of anti-,christians4 ,i had read extracts from his writings--enough to acquaint me with his sweeping denial of ,god and of the ,saviour--but not enough to make me familiar with his philosophy4 ,as the war progressed ,i became more and more impressed with the conviction that the ,german propaganda rested upon a materialistic foundation4 ,i secured the writings of ,nietzsche and found in them a defense1 made in advance1 of all the cruelties and atrocities practiced by the militarists of ,germany4 ,nietzsche tried to substitute the worship of the ,superman for the worship of ,god4 ,he not only rejected the ,creator1 but he rejected all moral standards4 ,he praised war and eulogized hatred because it led to war4 ,he denounced sympathy and pity as attributes unworthy of man4 ,he believed that the teachings of ,christ made degenerates and1 logical to the end1 he regarded ,democracy as the refuge of weaklings4 ,he saw in man nothing but an animal and in that animal the highest virtue he recognized was ,the ,will to ,power--a will which should know no let or hindrance1 no restraint or limitation4 ,nietzsche's philosophy would convert the world into a ferocious conflict between beasts1 each brute trampling ruthlessly on everything in his way4 ,in his book entitled ,joyful ,wisdom1 ,nietzsche ascribes to ,napoleon the very same dream of power--,europe under one sovereign and that sovereign the master of the world--that lured the ,kaiser into a sea of blood from which he emerged an exile seeking security under a foreign flag4 ,nietzsche names ,darwin as one of the three great men of his century1 but tries to deprive him of credit 787 for the doctrine that bears his name by saying that ,hegel made an earlier announcement of it4 ,nietzsche died hopelessly insane1 but his philosophy has wrought the moral ruin of a multitude1 if it is not actually responsible for bringing upon the world its greatest war4 ,his philosophy1 if it is worthy the name of philosophy1 is the ripened fruit of ,darwinism--and a tree is known by its fruit4 ,in #aijj--over twenty years ago--while an ,international ,peace ,congress was in session in ,paris the following editorial appeared in ,l',univers3 ,the spirit of peace has fled the earth because evolution has taken possession of it4 ,the plea for peace in past years has been inspired by faith in the divine nature and the divine origin of man2 men were then looked upon as children of one ,father and war1 therefore1 was fratricide4 ,but now that men are looked upon as children of apes1 what matters it whether they are slaughtered or not8 ,i have given you above the words of a ,french writer published twenty years ago4 ,i have just found in a book recently published by a prominent ,english writer words along the same line1 only more comprehensive4 ,the corroding influence of ,darwinism has spread as the doctrine has been increasingly accepted4 ,in the ,american preface to ,the ,glass of ,fashion these words are to be found3 ,darwinism not only justifies the sensualist at the trough and ,fashion at her glass2 it justifies ,prussianism at the cannon's mouth and ,bolshevism at the prison-door4 ,if ,darwinism be true1 if ,mind is to be driven out of the universe and accident accepted as a sufficient cause for all the majesty and glory of physical nature1 then there is no crime or violence1 however abominable in its circumstances and however cruel in its execution1 which cannot be justified by success1 and no triviality1 no absurdity of ,fashion which deserves a censure3 more--there is no act of disinterested love and tenderness1 no deed of self-sacrifice and mercy1 no aspiration after beauty and excellence1 for which a single reason can be adduced in logic4 ,to destroy the faith of ,christians and lay the foundation for the bloodiest war in history would seem enough to condemn ,darwinism1 but there are still two other indictments to bring against it4 ,first1 that it is the basis of the gigantic class struggle that is now shaking society throughout the world4 ,both the capitalist and the labourer are increasingly class conscious4 ,why8 ,because the doctrine of the ,individual efficient for himself--the brute doctrine of the survival of the fittest--is driving men into a life-and-death struggle from which sympathy and the spirit of brotherhood are eliminated4 ,it is transforming the industrial world into a slaughter-house4 ,benjamin ,kidd1 in a masterful work1 entitled1 ,the ,science of ,power1 points out how ,darwinism furnished ,nietzsche with a scientific basis for his godless system of philosophy and is demoralizing industry4 ,he also quotes eminent ,english scientists to support the last charge in the indictment1 namely1 that ,darwinism robs the reformer of hope4 ,its plan of operation is to improve the race by scientific breeding on a purely physical basis4 ,a few hundred years may be required--possibly a few thousand--but what is time to one who carries eons in his quiver and envelopes his opponents in the ,mist of ,ages8 ,kidd would substitute the ,emotion of the ,ideal for scientific breeding and thus shorten the time necessary for the triumph of a social reform4 ,he counts one or two generations as sufficient4 ,this is an enormous advance over ,darwin's doctrine1 but ,christ's plan is still more encouraging4 ,a man can be born again2 the springs of life can be cleansed instantly so that the heart loves the things that it formerly hated and hates the things that it once loved4 ,if this is true of one1 it can be true of any number4 ,thus1 a nation can be born in a day if the ideals of the people can be changed4 ,many have tried to harmonize ,darwinism with the ,bible1 but these efforts1 while honest and sometimes even agonizing1 have not been successful4 ,how could they be when the natural and inevitable tendency of ,darwinism is to exalt the mind at the expense of the heart1 to overestimate the reliability of the reason as compared with faith and to impair confidence in the ,bible4 ,the mind is a machine2 it has no morals4 ,it obeys its owner as willingly when he plots to kill as when he plans for service4 ,the ,theistic evolutionist who tries to occupy a middle ground between those who accept the ,bible account of creation and those who reject ,god entirely reminds one of a traveller in the mountains1 who1 having fallen half-way down a steep slope1 catches hold of a frail bush4 ,it takes so much of his strength to keep from going lower that he is useless as an aid to others4 ,those who have accepted evolution in the belief that it was not anti-,christian may well revise their conclusions in view of the accumulating evidence of its baneful influence4 ,darwinism discredits the things that are supernatural and encourages the worship of the intellect--an idolatry as deadly to spiritual progress as the worship of images made by human hands4 ,the injury that it does would be even greater than it is but for the moral momentum acquired by the student before he comes under the blighting influence of the doctrine4 ,many instances could be cited to show how the theory that man descended from the brute has1 when deliberately adopted1 driven reverence from the heart and made young ,christians agnostics and sometimes atheists--depriving them of the joy1 and society of the service1 that come from altruistic effort inspired by religion4 ,i have recently read of a pathetic case in point4 ,in the ,encyclopaedia ,americana you will find a sketch of the life of ,george ,john ,romanes1 from which the following extract is taken3 ,romanes1 ,george ,john1 ,english scientist4 ,in #ahgi he was elected fellow of the ,royal ,society and in #ahgh published1 under the pseudonym ',physicus1' a work entitled1 ',a ,candid ,examination of ,theism1' in which he took up a somewhat defiant atheistic position4 ,subsequently his views underwent considerable change2 he revised the ',candid ,examination1' and1 toward the close of his life1 was engaged on ',a ,candid ,examination of ,religion1' in which he returned to theistic beliefs4 ,his notes for this work were published after his death1 under the title ',thoughts on ,religion1' edited by ,canon ,gore4 ,romanes was an ardent supporter of ,darwin and the evolutionists and in various works sought to extend evolutionary principles to mind1 both in the lower animals and in the man4 ,he wrote very extensively on modern biological theories4 ,let me use ,romanes' own language to describe the disappointing experiences of this intellectual prodigal son4 ,on page #ahj of ,thoughts on ,religion 7written1 as above stated1 just before his death but not published until after his demise7 he says1 ,the views that ,i entertained on this subject 7,plan in ,revelation7 when an undergraduate 7i4e41 the ordinary orthodox views7 were abandoned in the presence of the theory of ,evolution4 ,it was the doctrine of ,evolution that led him astray4 ,he attempted to employ reason to the exclusion of faith--with the usual result4 ,he abandoned prayer1 as he explains on pages #adb and #adc3 ,even the simplest act of will in regard to religion--that of prayer--has not been performed by me for at least a quarter of a century1 simply because it has seemed impossible to pray1 as it were1 hypothetically1 that1 much as ,i have always desired to be able to pray1 ,i cannot will the attempt4 ,to justify myself for what my better judgment has often seemed to be essentially irrational1 ,i have ever made sundry excuses4 ,others have doubtless other difficulties1 but mine is chiefly1 ,i think1 that of an undue regard to reason as against heart and will--undue1 ,i mean1 if so it be that ,christianity is true1 and the conditions to faith in it have been of divine ordination4 ,in time he tired of the husks of materialism and started back to his ,father's house4 ,it was a weary journey but as he plodded along1 his appreciation of the heart's part increased until1 on pages #aeb and #aec1 he says1 ,it is a fact that we all feel the intellectual part of man to be 'higher' than the animal1 whatever our theory of his origin4 ,it is a fact that we all feel the moral part of man to be 'higher' than the intellectual1 whatever our theory of either may be4 ,it is also a fact that we all similarly feel the spiritual to be 'higher' than the moral1 whatever our theory of religion may be4 ,it is what we understand by man's moral1 and still more his spiritual1 qualities that go to constitute character4 ,and it is astonishing how in all walks of life it is character that tells in the long run4 ,on page #aej he answered ,huxley's attack on faith4 ,he says1 ,huxley1 in ',lay ,sermons1' says that faith has been proved a 'cardinal sin' by science4 ,now this is true enough of credulity1 superstition1 etc41 and science has done no end of good in developing our ideas of method1 evidence1 etc4 ,but this is all on the side of intellect4 ',faith' is not touched by such facts or considerations4 ,and what a terrible hell science would have made of the world1 if she had abolished the 'spirit of faith1' even in human relations4 ,in the days of his apostasy he took it for granted1 he says on page #afd1 that ,christianity was played out4 ,when once his eyes were reopened he vied with ,paul himself in recognizing the superior quality of love4 ,on page #afc he quoted the eloquent lines of ,bourdillon3 ,the night has a thousand eyes1 ,and the day but one2 ,yet the light of a whole world dies ,with the setting sun4 ,the mind has a thousand eyes1 ,and the heart but one2 ,yet the light of a whole life dies ,when love is done4 ,having quoted this noble sentiment he adds3 ,love is known to be all this4 ,how great then1 is ,christianity1 as being the religion of love1 and causing men to believe both in the cause of love's supremacy and the infinity of ,god's love to man4 ,but ,romanes still clung to ,evolution and1 so far as his book discloses1 his mind would never allow his heart to commune with ,darwin's far-away ,god1 whose creative power ,romanes could not doubt but whose daily presence he could not admit without abandoning his theory4 ,his is a typical case1 but many of the wanderers never return to the fold2 they are lost sheep4 ,if the doctrine were demonstrated to be true its acceptance would1 of course1 be obligatory1 but how can one bring himself to assent to a series of assumptions when such a course is accompanied by such a tremendous risk of spiritual loss8 ,if1 as it does in so many instances1 it causes the student to choose ,darwinism1 with its intellectual delusions1 and reject the ,bible1 with the incalculable blessings that its heart-culture brings1 what minister of the ,gospel or ,christian professor can justify himself before the bar of conscience if1 by impairing confidence in the ,word of ,god1 he wrecks human souls8 ,all the intellectual satisfaction that ,darwinism ever brought to those who have accepted it will not offset the sorrow that darkens a single life from which the brute theory of descent has shut out the sunshine of ,god's presence and the companionship of ,christ4 ,here1 too1 we have the testimony of the distinguished scientist from whom ,i have been quoting4 ,in his first book--the attack on ,theism--he says3 7page #bi1 ,thoughts on ,religion7 ,i am not ashamed to confess that with this virtual negation of ,god the universe to me has lost its soul of loveliness2 and1 although from henceforth the precept to ',work while it is day' will doubtless gain an intensified force from the terribly intensified meaning of the words that 'the night cometh when no man can work1' yet when at times ,i think1 as think at times ,i must1 of the appalling contrast between the hallowed glory of that creed which once was mine1 and the lonely mystery of existence as now ,i find it1--at such times ,i shall ever feel it impossible to avoid the sharpest pang of which my nature is susceptible4 ,romanes1 during his college days1 came under the influence of those who worshipped the reason and this worship led him out into a starless night4 ,have we not a right to demand something more than guesses1 surmises1 and hypotheses before we exchange the hallowed glory of the ,christian creed for the lonely mystery of existence as ,romanes found it8 ,shall we at the behest of those who put the intellect above the heart endorse an unproved doctrine of descent and share responsibility for the wreckage of all that is spiritual in the lives of our young people8 ,i refuse to have any part in such responsibility4 ,for nearly twenty years ,i have gone from college to college and talked to students4 ,wherever ,i could do so ,i have pointed out the demoralizing influence of ,darwinism4 ,i have received thanks from many students who were perplexed by the materialistic teachings of their instructors and ,i have been encouraged by the approval of parents who were distressed by the visible effects of these teachings on their children4 ,as many believers in ,darwinism are led to reject the ,bible let me1 by way of recapitulation1 contrast that doctrine with the ,bible3 ,darwinism deals with nothing but life2 the ,bible deals with the entire universe--with its masses of inanimate matter and with its myriads of living things1 all obedient to the will of the great ,law ,giver4 ,darwin concerns himself with only that part of man's existence which is spent on earth--while the ,bible's teachings cover all of life1 both here and hereafter4 ,darwin begins by assuming life upon the earth2 the ,bible reveals the source of life and chronicles its creation4 ,darwin devotes nearly all his time to man's body and to the points at which the human frame approaches in structure--though vastly different from--the brute2 the ,bible emphasizes man's godlike qualities and the virtues which reflect the goodness of the ,heavenly ,father4 ,darwinism ends in self-destruction4 ,as heretofore shown1 its progress is suspended1 and even defeated1 by the very genius which it is supposed to develop2 the ,bible invites us to enter fields of inexhaustible opportunity wherein each achievement can be made a stepping-stone to greater achievements still4 ,darwin's doctrine is so brutal that it shocks the moral sense--the heart recoils from it and refuses to apply the hard reason upon which it rests2 the ,bible points us to the path that grows brighter with the years4 ,darwin's doctrine leads logically to war and to the worship of ,nietzsche's ,superman2 the ,bible tells us of the ,prince of ,peace and heralds the coming of the glad day when swords shall be beaten into ploughshares and when nations shall learn war no more4 ,darwin's teachings drag industry down to the brute level and excite a savage struggle for selfish advantage2 the ,bible presents the claims of an universal brotherhood in which men will unite their efforts in the spirit of friendship4 ,as hope deferred maketh the heart sick1 so the doctrine of ,darwin benumbs altruistic effort by prolonging indefinitely the time needed for reforms2 the ,bible assures us of the triumph of every righteous cause1 reveals to the eye of faith the invisible hosts that fight on the side of ,jehovah and proclaims the swift fulfillment of ,god's decrees4 ,darwinism puts ,god far away2 the ,bible brings ,god near and establishes the prayer-line of communication between the ,heavenly ,father and ,his children4 ,darwinism enthrones selfishness2 the ,bible crowns love as the greatest force in the world4 ,darwinism offers no reason for existence and presents no philosophy of life2 the ,bible explains why man is here and gives us a code of morals that fits into every human need4 ,the great need of the world to-day is to get back to ,god--back to a real belief in a living ,god--to a belief in ,god as ,creator1 ,preserver and loving ,heavenly ,father4 ,when one believes in a personal ,god and considers himself a part of ,god's plan he will be anxious to know ,god's will and to do it1 seeking direction through prayer and made obedient through faith4 ,man was made in the ,father's image2 he enters upon the stage1 the climax of ,jehovah's plan4 ,he is superior to the beasts of the field1 greater than any other created thing--but a little lower than the angels4 ,god made him for a purpose1 placed before him infinite possibilities and revealed to him responsibilities commensurate with the possibilities4 ,god beckons man upward and the ,bible points the way2 man can obey and travel toward perfection by the path that ,christ revealed1 or man can disobey and fall to a level lower1 in some respects1 than that of the brutes about him4 ,looking heavenward man can find inspiration in his lineage2 looking about him he is impelled to kindness by a sense of kinship which binds him to his brothers4 ,mighty problems demand his attention2 a world's destiny is to be determined by him4 ,what time has he to waste in hunting for missing links or in searching for resemblances between his forefathers and the ape8 ,in ,his ,image--in this sign we conquer4 ,we are not progeny of the brute2 we have not been forced upward by a blind pushing-power2 neither have we tumbled upward by chance4 ,it is a drawing-power--not a pushing-power--that rules the world--a power which finds its highest expression in ,christ who promised3 ,i1 if ,i be lifted up from the earth1 will draw all men unto me4 ,v ,,the ,,larger ,,life ,i have chosen this subject because ,i have found some young men1 and even some young women1 who seem to misunderstand the invitation extended by the ,master4 ,the call of the ,gospel falls1 at times1 upon deaf ears because religion is regarded as a thing that is necessary only when one comes to prepare himself for the life beyond4 ,in earlier times many ,christians misinterpreted the ,christian religion and1 withdrawing themselves from companionship with their fellows1 devoted their time wholly to preparation of themselves for heaven4 ,christ went about doing good4 ,i present my appeal to the young to accept ,christ and to enter upon the life ,he prescribes1 not because they may die soon but because they may live4 ,they need ,christ as their ,saviour now and they need ,him as their guide throughout life4 ,some complain of the ,parable of the ,vineyard because the man who began work at the eleventh hour received the same pay as those who toiled all day4 ,surely1 those who complain have not tasted the joys of a ,christian life4 ,no one who follows the teachings of ,christ will begrudge the reward promised to those who repent at the last moment and are saved4 ,the eleventh-hour ,christians are the ones to mourn because they have lost the happiness that they would have found in service during the livelong day4 ,young people sometimes postpone becoming ,christians on the ground that they want to have a good time for a while longer4 ,who can be happier than the ,christian8 ,our religion fits into the needs of all of every age4 ,if there are any amusements enjoyed by the world from which members of the church feel it a duty to abstain it is because more wholesome amusements crowd out the objectionable ones4 ,it ought not to be necessary to forbid a ,christian to do harmful things2 he ought to avoid them because he has no taste for them--because he finds more real pleasure and more enduring satisfaction in the things that are innocent and helpful4 ,there is another class to which ,i desire to address myself to-day1 namely1 those who call themselves more liberal than ,christians--who look upon our religion as narrowing in its influence4 ,christianity is the broadest of creeds because it takes in everything that touches human life1 here and hereafter4 ,the ,christian life is the most comprehensive life known2 it is as deep as the heart2 it is as wide as the world2 and it is as high as heaven4 ,paul1 the great ,apostle1 tells us that ,christ came to bring life and immortality to light--not immortality alone1 but life also1 and the word ,life comes before the word ,immortality4 ,but we have higher authority even than ,paul4 ,christ1 in explaining ,his mission1 said1 ,i am come that they might have life1 and that they might have it more abundantly4 ,it is to the more abundant life that ,christ calls us4 ,he was the master of mathematics1 yet ,he used only addition and multiplication2 subtraction has no place in ,his philosophy4 ,let me illustrate1 as ,i see it1 the gift that ,christ brings to man4 ,let us suppose that the people living in an agricultural section had1 by intelligent cultivation1 brought from the soil all that it could yield in material wealth4 ,if a stranger came into the community and announced that the people1 by sinking a shaft one hundred feet deep1 could find a vein of coal1 they would1 if they believed the statement true1 immediately sink a shaft2 and1 if they found the coal1 they would add it to the wealth that they derived from the surface of the ground4 ,they would be grateful to the person who told them of the additional riches which they possessed but of which they were not aware4 ,they might not think to thank him immediately--they might be too busy acquiring money to express their gratitude4 ,but after the man was dead1 if not before1 they would pause long enough to erect a monument to testify to their appreciation of the service he had rendered4 ,and1 to complete the illustration1 suppose after the people had adjusted themselves to the added income1 another stranger appeared and assured them that1 if they would sink the shaft one hundred feet deeper1 they would find a vein of precious metals from which to draw money enough to purchase everything everywhere that the heart could wish4 ,they would1 if they gave credit to his statement1 dig down and find gold and silver and1 with still greater joy1 add this new possession to those that they already had4 ,again they would be grateful4 ,they might not express themselves during the benefactor's life1 but after a while visitors to the community would see two monuments reared by grateful hands to those who had brought blessings to the neighbourhood4 ,this illustration presents the idea that ,i would impress upon you1 namely1 that ,christ came to add to all the good things man possessed without requiring the surrender of any good thing in exchange4 ,long before the coming of ,christ man had taken possession of the body and had gathered from it all the joys that the flesh can yield4 ,man had also explored the farther reaches of the mind and possessed himself of the delights of the intellect4 ,christ not only brought redemption but opened to man the vision of a spiritual world and showed him what infinite greatness the ,father has placed within the reach of one made in ,his image1 if he will only use the powers that he has--powers unknown to him until revealed by the ,spirit4 ,every human being is travelling every day in one direction or the other--either upward toward the highest plane that man can reach1 or downward toward the lowest level to which man can fall2 ,christ gives us a vision of our possibilities and the strength to realize them4 ,if ,christ had demanded something in return for the great gifts that ,he came to bestow man might be justified in asking for time for investigation4 ,he would want to weigh the value of that which is offered against the value of that which must be given up4 ,to do this intelligently would require a long period of training and ample time for comparison4 ,the difficulty is even greater1 for it would be impossible for one to weigh or calculate in advance the value of those things which are spiritually discerned4 ,he could see the body2 he could comprehend the mind2 but he could not know the inestimable value of the things that ,christ offers4 ,but how can he hesitate when ,christ demands not one single sacrifice1 but gives1 as the spring gives1 desiring nothing in return except appreciation which it is pleasant to manifest8 ,the ,saviour not only gives without reducing the other enjoyments1 but ,his gift increases the value of that which we have4 ,the body without control will exhaust itself--actually wear itself out in the very riot of pleasure4 ,it is only when the body is the servant of a spiritual master that it can develop its greatest strength and prolong its vigour4 ,two illustrations suggest themselves4 ,the use of intoxicants has wrought disaster since man came upon the earth4 ,drink is not only ruinous when used continuously and in large quantities1 but it is injurious even when used moderately4 ,the life insurance tables show that a young man who1 at the age of twenty-one1 begins the regular use of intoxicating liquors1 reduces his expectancy by more than ten per cent41 or more than four years in forty4 ,that is the average4 ,in proportion as the body is left to its own control the appetite becomes destructive of the body itself as well as of the body's value to others4 ,just in proportion as the body is under spiritual control is it in position to enjoy itself and to extend the period of enjoyment4 ,reference need hardly be made to the diseases that follow in the wake of immorality4 ,the wages of sin is death--death to the body1 death to the mind and death to the soul4 ,races have rotted and passed into oblivion because the body was put in command of the life4 ,both drunkenness and unchastity curse the generations that follow as well as the generations that are guilty--the sins of the fathers and mothers being visited upon the children and children's children4 ,and so1 too1 with the mind2 it would run wild but for the sovereign soul of man4 ,there are temptations that come through the intellect--temptations that are as destructive as those that come through the body4 ,only when the mind is guided and directed by a spiritual conception of life is it capable of its highest and noblest work4 ,the soul is greater than the mind as it is greater than the body4 ,would you have proof8 ,recall the days of the martyrs4 ,what is it in man that can take the body and hold it in the fire until the flames consume the quivering flesh8 ,the soul of man that can coerce the body to its death is greater than the body itself4 ,and the soul is likewise greater than the mind4 ,it can take the imperial mind of man1 purge it of vanity and egotism and infuse into it the spirit of humility and a passion for service4 ,the soul that can thus harness the mind and make it bear the burdens of the ,world is greater than the mind itself4 ,remember1 also1 that the spiritual gifts which ,jesus bestows are vastly richer than all that man possessed before4 ,who can measure the value of salvation--the peace that comes with sins forgiven and the joy of constant communion with the ,heavenly ,father whom ,christ reveals8 ,and1 then1 consider the moral code that is revolutionizing the world4 ,i only have time to mention a few of the fundamental teachings of ,christ4 ,christ gave the world a new definition of love4 ,husbands had loved their wives and wives their husbands2 parents had loved their children1 and children their parents2 and friend had loved friend1 but ,christ proclaimed a love as boundless as the sea4 ,christ founded a religion and built a ,church on love--on love1 the greatest force in the world4 ,love furnishes an armour which no weapon can pierce4 ,when physical warfare is forgotten1 love will still call its hosts to battle2 the effort then will be1 not to kill one another but to excel in doing good4 ,christ has been called visionary--that is a favourite word with those who pride themselves upon being practical4 ,but as a matter of fact1 one of the great virtues of ,christ's teachings is that they are practical4 ,he deals with the every-day things of ordinary life and in ,his quiet way irons out difficulties and makes rough paths smooth4 ,his philosophy is easily comprehended and readily applied4 ,his words need no interpretation2 they are the words of the people1 the language of the masses4 ,if ,he were a teacher of rhetoric ,he would surpass all other teachers because the art of discourse reaches its maximum in ,his sentences4 ,the learned sometimes speak over the heads of their hearers1 using words that are unusual and long-drawn-out4 ,jesus talked to the multitude and they not only understood ,him but the common people heard him gladly4 ,let me recall to your minds just a few illustrations of the simplicity of ,his thought and language4 ,take1 for instance1 the supreme virtue1 love1 upon which ,he always places emphasis4 ,note how ,he weaves it into human experience4 ,therefore1 ,he says 7,matt4 #e3bc71 if thou bring thy gift to the altar1 and there rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee2 ,leave there thy gift before the altar and go thy way2 first be reconciled to thy brother4 ,reconciliation is preferred to sacrifice4 ,the gift upon the altar can wait2 but enmity between brothers must have attention at once4 ,what infinite woe and heartache will be prevented when this lesson is learned and applied throughout the world4 ,what untold blessings will be realized when even among those who profess the name of ,christ it is always employed4 ,a word spoken in anger has often cost a life because neither party to the quarrel was big enough to obey the best promptings of the heart and beg pardon4 ,families have been rent asunder2 communities have been divided2 nations have gone to war1 just because some one lacked the spirit of the ,saviour and refused the plain and easy road to reconciliation4 ,well may religious rites be suspended for the moment while love removes offense and binds together hearts that were estranged4 ,we know that ,to err is human1 and we believe that ,to forgive is divine2 to ask forgiveness requires as much grace as to forgive4 ,in his first epistle 7chapter #d3b7 ,john makes a striking application of ,christ's doctrine of love3 ,if a man say ',i love ,god' and hateth his brother1 he is a liar4 ,these are harsh words but the ,apostle was dealing with a very serious subject1 viz41 the glaring inconsistency between love of ,god and hatred of a brother4 ,there are many ways in which one can manifest hatred of his brother1 and it must be remembered that hatred is a sin that is proven by acts rather than admitted4 ,first1 there is indifference--a wide-spread sin--and it is to be found inside the church as well as outside4 ,as love is a positive virtue1 a failure to love is a violation of obligations4 ,a participation in the services of the church1 even communion at the ,lord's ,table--does not always awaken in ,christians the interest they should feel in each other4 ,if ,i may be permitted to illustrate my thought1 allow me to call attention to the fact that church members are sometimes compelled to pay cut-throat rates for short-time loans when there are within the same congregation members who are loaning at lawful rates to non-church members4 ,does it not seem incredible that the money of ,christians is available for the outside world and yet not within reach of needy brethren8 ,it would be easy for each church to organize within its membership a loan society and use the money supplied by the well-to-do for the accommodation of those temporarily embarrassed4 ,sometimes the chattel mortgage sharks collect one hundred per cent1 or more and the banks1 which are established for the purpose of making small short-time loans1 usually collect twenty to thirty per cent4 ,why should a church member be driven to these extremities when the loanable money in the church is sufficient for all needs8 ,surely church membership ought to be better security for a small amount than either a chattel or a real estate mortgage4 ,another illustration2 the fraternities are splendid organizations and are founded on high principles1 but the church might be expected to do for its members some of the work left to fraternities4 ,they care for the sick and bury the dead6 ,is it not a reflection on the church that its members should ever be compelled to go outside for assistance in such emergencies8 ,there are many other forms of indifference1 but indifference is the least harmful of the manifestations of the lack of brotherhood4 ,we have cases of positive and deliberate injury practiced against those who stand in the relation of brothers4 ,we have had a riot of exploitation in this country2 profiteering has been carried on on an appalling scale3 men have been thrusting their larcenous hands into the pockets of their church brethren1 as well as into the pockets of the public4 ,we have also the unequal combat between the tax-eater and the taxpayer1 and we have the perennial conflict between the different groups of taxpayers1 each trying to shift the burden onto the other1 not to speak of that very considerable company who1 for profit1 cultivate vice as the farmer cultivates his crops4 ,all conscious and deliberate injustice is proof of hatred and to such as engage in such wrong-doing the language of ,john ought to come as a stinging rebuke4 ,it would work a revolution in society as well as in the ,church if all the members proved their love of ,god by fair dealing with their fellowmen4 ,christ confines ,himself usually to the laying down of broad1 fundamental principles instead of supplying rules and formulae4 ,he cleanses the heart and then gives to life the law of love which should pervade all human relationships1 as the law of gravitation pervades the universe4 ,but the ,master at times went from generalities into details1 making the path of duty so plain that no one can excuse himself if he strays there form4 ,an illustration is found in ,matthew's ,gospel1 chapter #be3cd-df4 ,then shall the ,king say unto them on his right hand1 ,come1 ye blessed of my ,father1 inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world3 ,for ,i was an hungered1 and ye gave me meat3 ,i was thirsty1 and ye gave me drink3 ,i was a stranger1 and ye took me in3 ,naked1 and ye clothed me3 ,i was sick1 and ye visited me3 ,i was in prison1 and ye came unto me4 ,then shall the righteous answer him1 saying1 ,lord1 when saw we thee an hungered1 and fed thee8 or thirsty1 and gave thee drink8 ,when saw we thee a stranger1 and took thee in8 or naked1 and clothed thee8 ,or when saw we thee sick1 or in prison1 and came unto thee8 ,and the ,king shall answer and say unto them1 ,verily ,i say unto you1 ,inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren1 ye have done it unto me4 ,then shall he say also unto them on the left hand1 ,depart from me1 ye cursed1 into everlasting fire1 prepared for the devil and his angels3 ,for ,i was an hungered1 and ye gave me no meat3 ,i was thirsty1 and ye gave me no drink3 ,i was a stranger1 and ye took me not in3 naked1 and ye clothed me not3 sick1 and in prison1 and ye visited me not4 ,then shall they also answer him1 saying1 ,lord1 when saw we thee an hungered1 or athirst1 or a stranger1 or naked1 or sick1 or in prison1 and did not minister unto thee8 ,then shall he answer them1 saying1 ,verily ,i say unto you1 ,inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these ye did it not to me4 ,and these shall go away into everlasting punishment3 but the righteous into life eternal4 ,no one should waste time in waiting for some great opportunity for service2 there are opportunities everywhere4 ,it is impossible for man to render any service to ,jehovah ,himself4 ,there is nothing that we can do for ,him except to love ,him with heart and mind and soul and strength4 ,it is to the neighbour that we pay the debt that we owe to the ,heavenly ,father2 it is through the neighbour that we publish to the world our real selves4 ,this is1 like music1 an universal language that all can understand4 ,nietzsche1 the atheistic philosopher1 gave to one of his books the title ,joyful ,wisdom--an absurd misnomer4 ,that which he mistook for joy was the delirium of an unbalanced mind4 ,the philosophy of ,christ might with propriety be called ,joyful ,wisdom2 it leads one into the path of happiness that is real and permanent4 ,carl ,hilty1 a ,swiss writer1 has published a book entitled ,happiness1 in which he points out that1 as those have the poorest health who spend their time travelling from one health resort to another looking for it1 so those are least happy who do nothing but hunt for pleasure4 ,he insists that to be happy one must have employment for the hands1 the head and the heart4 ,the hands must be busy1 the mind must be occupied1 and the heart must be satisfied4 ,christ leads ,his followers into happiness through this route4 ,no one who partakes of ,his spirit can be an idler4 ,the world is full of work awaiting labourers2 the harvest is ripe4 ,those who try to imitate ,christ will be planning for the extension of ,his ,kingdom and for the comfort of ,god's creatures4 ,the heart of the ,christian--the center of life and love--will find satisfaction in being in sympathetic touch with all that is good and noble4 ,i have dwelt upon this point because the worldly are in the habit of picturing the ,christian life as gloomy and forbidding4 ,it is a libel2 a long-faced ,christian is a poor ,christian1 if a ,christian at all4 ,be of good cheer1 is a ,christian salutation2 ,christ used it repeatedly4 ,in ,matthew #i3b ,he said to the man sick of the palsy1 ,son1 be of good cheer2 thy sins be forgiven thee4 ,in ,matthew #ad3bg ,he quieted the fears of ,his disciples1 ,be of good cheer2 it is ,i2 be not afraid4 ,in ,john #af3cc ,he inspired the ,apostles1 ,be of good cheer1 ,i have overcome the world4 ,here we have three of the greatest sources of happiness--,forgiveness of sins3 the presence of the ,saviour and triumph over the world4 ,in ,acts we find ,him using the same words in addressing ,paul and later ,paul uses them in encouraging his companions4 ,religion--real1 heartfelt religion--transforms its possessor4 ,it moulds the disposition and disposition determines expression4 ,no beauty doctor can make a face as winsome as the face of one whose heart overflows with loving kindness2 just as no face specialist can impose from without such lines of strength and intelligence as can be written upon it by the thoughts that pass through the brain4 ,the ,christian life is the simple life4 ,charles ,wagner sounded a note that echoed around the world when1 some two decades ago1 he issued his eloquent protest against the burdensome complexities of modern life4 ,he made a plea for the natural life in which each individual will be his own master instead of being the servant of his possessions4 ,wagner's book1 though first published in ,paris1 had a larger circulation in the ,united ,states than in any other nation--not because our people have wandered farther than others into artificial social forms1 but because they are sensitive to high ideals and free to reject harmful customs4 ,social intercourse should be an expression of friendship1 and friendship is both embarrassed and obscured by vulgar display4 ,the home should be a place of rest1 where congenial spirits can gather for communion4 ,there is nothing edifying or satisfying in the mere comparing of apparel4 ,the aim of entertainment should be to refresh the guest and stimulate friendship2 the end is defeated by a rivalry in extravagance that awakens concern as to one's ability to return courtesies extended4 ,the increasing costliness of social functions not only robs entertainment of the enjoyment that it is intended to bring1 but it leads many young couples to ruin themselves financially in an effort to keep up appearances and pay their social debts4 ,it is impossible to calculate the benefit which would be brought to the social world if ,christ's spirit could pervade it and infuse into it a wholesome sincerity and frankness4 ,christ put the accent on the things that are worthy and banished the shallow pretenses upon which so much time is wasted and so much money squandered4 ,christ gave the world a balm for that worry that is more wearing than work4 ,he condemned the petty vanities and irritating anxieties4 ,he taught a perfect trust that leads one to do his best and then leave the result with the ,heavenly ,father who is ever near and always ready to give good gifts to ,his children4 ,in ,matthew #f1 we find this soothing rebuke3 ,therefore ,i say unto you1 ,take no thought for your life1 what ye shall eat1 or what ye shall drink2 nor yet for your body1 what ye shall put on4 ,is not the life more than meat1 and the body than raiment8 ,behold the fowls of the air3 for they sow not1 neither do they reap1 nor gather into barns2 yet your ,heavenly ,father feedeth them4 ,are ye not much better than they8 ,which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature8 ,and why take ye thought for raiment8 ,consider the lilies of the field1 how they grow3 they toil not1 neither do they spin3 ,and yet ,i say unto you1 ,that even ,solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these4 ,wherefore1 if ,god so clothe the grass of the field1 which to-day is1 and to-morrow is cast into the oven1 shall he not much more clothe you1 ,o ye of little faith8 ,reasoning unanswerable4 ,he argues from the less to the greater and with incomparable beauty woos man away from the distracting thoughts that dissipate his strength without yielding him any advantage4 ,the ,creator who cares for the birds will not forget man made in ,his image2 ,he who clothes the fields in the beauty of the flower and gives to the trembling blade of grass the nourishment that it needs for its fleeting day1 will not desert man1 ,his supreme handiwork4 ,sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof1 is a rebuke aimed at those who borrow trouble4 ,let not the past distress you--it has gone beyond recall2 let not the morrow intrude upon you--it will bring its cargo of cares when it comes4 ,man lives in the present and can claim only the moment as it passes1 but ,christ teaches him how to so use each hour as to make the days that are gone an echoing delight and the days that are yet to come a radiant hope4 ,christ has been called a sentimentalist4 ,let it be admitted2 it is no reproach4 ,he is the inexhaustible source of sentiment1 and sentiment rules the world4 ,the dreamer lives forever2 the toiler dies in a day4 ,a striking illustration of the emphasis that ,christ placed upon sentiment is found in ,matthew #bf3g-ac3 ,there came unto him a woman having an alabaster box of very precious ointment1 and poured it on his head1 as he sat at meat4 ,but when his disciples saw it1 they had indignation1 saying1 ,to what purpose is this waste8 ,for this ointment might have been sold for much1 and given to the poor4 ,when ,jesus understood it1 he said unto them1 ,why trouble ye the woman8 for she hath wrought a good work upon me4 ,for ye have the poor always with you1 but me ye have not always4 ,for in that she hath poured this ointment on my body1 she did it for my burial4 ,verily ,i say unto you1 ,wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world1 there shall also this1 that this woman hath done1 be told for a memorial of her4 ,eight verses devoted to an alabaster box of ointment6 ,this is more space than was given to many incidents seemingly more important1 and at the very crisis of ,his career1 too4 ,but who will estimate the value of this narrative8 ,judas complained that it was an inexcusable waste of money--,judas1 the thief1 as ,mark calls him1 pretended concern about the poor4 ,the poor have received immeasurably more from the use made of this ointment than they would have received had it been sold and the proceeds distributed then4 ,it was an expression of love1 and love is the treasury box from which the poor can always draw4 ,that box of ointment has spread its fragrance over nineteen hundred years4 ,give a man bread and he hungers again2 give him clothing and his clothing will wear out2 but give him an ideal--something to look up to through life--and it will be with him through every waking hour lifting him to a higher plane and filling his life with the beauty and the bounty of service4 ,the money spent for a loaf of bread may stay the pangs of hunger for a few brief hours1 but the same amount invested in the bread of life will give one an inexhaustible feast4 ,a drink of water refreshes for the moment2 the same amount invested in the water of life may make of one a spring overflowing with blessings4 ,a ,bible costs a few cents and yet upon it may be built a life that is worth millions to the human race4 ,it was a ,bible that made ,william ,ewart ,gladstone for a generation the world's greatest ,christian statesman2 it was a ,bible that made ,jos ,rodrigues for a quarter of a century the greatest moral force in ,brazil4 ,the ,bible has given us great leaders in the ,united ,states4 ,it is the ,bible that has sent missionaries throughout the world to plant in little communities everywhere the teachings of the greatest of sentimentalists--and1 at the same time1 the most practical of philosophers4 ,christ has taught us the true value of those things which touch the heart and1 through the heart1 move the world4 ,suffer little children to come unto me2 ,christ used the child to admonish those older grown4 ,the ,church is following in ,his footsteps when it makes the child the subject of constant thought and solicitude4 ,it is when we deal with the child that we get the clearest conception of the superiority of faith over reason4 ,the foundations of character are laid in faith and not in reason2 they are laid before the reason can be accepted as a guide4 ,no one who exalts reason above faith can lead a child to ,god1 but a child can understand the love of the ,saviour and the tender care of the ,heavenly ,father4 ,for this reason the ,sunday school increases in importance4 ,its lessons build character2 its songs echo throughout our lives4 ,the law arbitrarily fixes the age of twenty-one as the age of legal maturity4 ,no matter how precocious a young man be1 the presumption of law is against his intelligence until he is twenty-one4 ,he cannot vote2 he cannot make a valid deed to a piece of land4 ,why8 ,his reason is not mature1 and yet the moral principles that control his life are implanted before he reaches that age4 ,his ideals come into his life long before the reason can be regarded as a safe guide4 ,before the reason is mature he believes in ,god or has rejected ,god4 ,if he lives in a ,christian community he has accepted the ,bible as the ,word of ,god or rejected it as the work of man2 if he is acquainted with ,christ he has accepted or rejected ,him4 ,a child's heart cannot remain a vacuum4 ,it is filled with reverence or irreverence4 ,those who think that the mind can remain unbiassed until one becomes of age and then be able to render impartial decisions1 know little of human experience4 ,love comes first1 reason afterward2 the child obeys and later learns why it should obey4 ,morality rests upon religion and religion1 taking hold upon the heart1 exercises a control far greater than any logic can exercise over the mind4 ,look back over your lives and see how much of real moral principle you have added since you became of age4 ,you can better explain your faith2 your will is more firm1 your determination more deeply rooted1 but what new seed of morality has been sown since you reached the age when the reason is presumed to be mature8 ,while ,christianity builds upon the affirmations of the ,new ,testament and the positive virtues taught by the ,saviour it is loyal1 as ,christ was1 to the ,commandments which ,god gave to the people through ,moses4 ,most of these commandments--those relative to man's duty to man--are written unto the statutes of state and nation2 they form the basis of our laws4 ,those which relate to man's duty to ,god and which are not1 therefore1 legally binding are binding on the conscience of ,christians4 ,the ,christian ,church from its earliest beginnings has enforced respect for parents4 ,parental authority is not only essential to the child's welfare during youth but it is necessary as a foundation upon which to build respect for government and for laws4 ,the ,christian home is the nursery of the ,state as well as of the ,church4 ,loyalty to ,god and loyalty to government are easily learned by those who from infancy are taught obedience to those who have the right to instruct and direct4 ,the ,christian ,church stands also for ,sabbath observance4 ,the right to worship ,god according to the dictates of one's conscience is an inalienable right and any attempt to interfere with the full and free exercise of this right would and should arouse universal protest4 ,those who do not worship at all have no fear of molestation1 but freedom of conscience is not interfered with by laws that provide opportunity for rest and guarantee leisure for worship4 ,man's body needs relaxation from toil and man's mind needs leisure as well4 ,these needs are so obvious that they are universally admitted4 ,the spiritual nature requires refreshment also and this need is as imperative as the needs of body and brain4 ,as the spiritual man is the dominant force in life and the measure of the individual's usefulness1 the nation cannot be less concerned about the people's spiritual growth and welfare than about their health and intellectual strength4 ,it is both natural and proper that the day which is observed religiously by the general public should be selected as the day of rest also1 respect being shown to those who conscientiously observe another day4 ,differences of opinion may exist in different localities as to what should be permitted on the ,sabbath day1 but experience has supported two propositions3 first1 that every citizen should be guaranteed time for rest and for worship1 and1 second1 that every citizen should be guaranteed the peace and quiet necessary for both rest and worship4 ,here1 as in nearly every other issue that concerns human welfare1 the controversy is not between those who differ in opinions as to what is right and proper but between those1 on the one side1 who have a pecuniary interest in the promotion of things which are objectionable1 and those1 on the other1 who seek to promote the common good4 ,in other words1 it is the old conflict between money and morals3 between selfishness and the public weal4 ,while ,christ was all love and all compassion and all tenderness ,he never hesitated to draw the line and draw it rigidly against folly as well as against sin4 ,the parable of the ,ten ,virgins is a case in point4 ,five were wise and five were foolish1 the evidence of the difference being found in the fact that five were prudent enough to supply themselves with oil sufficient for an emergency4 ,the other five1 lacking wisdom1 took only the oil that they could carry in their lamps4 ,when the need came the foolish turned to the wise and said1 ,give us of your oil1 but the wise refused lest they should not have enough for themselves and the others4 ,were they censured8 ,no4 ,the parable teaches one of the most important lessons to be learned in life1 namely1 that the foolish cannot be saved from punishment4 ,it is punishment that converts folly into wisdom and saves the world from a race of fools4 ,the parable has wide-spread application4 ,the foolish parent cannot be saved from the sorrow inflicted by a spoiled child2 the idle cannot be saved from hunger and want2 the lazy cannot be given the rewards of the diligent4 ,the success that attends effort and rewards character cannot be awarded to the undeserving without paralyzing all the incentives to virtue and industry4 ,christ came not to destroy the law--either that revealed in the ,word of ,god or that which was written on nature--,he came to fulfill4 ,in the brief years that ,he taught ,his disciples and the multitude ,he quoted the law and illustrated it4 ,he did not come to relieve men of responsibility--,he came to light the way--,that they might have life and that they might have it more abundantly4 ,christ's doctrines are not limited in time or to numbers4 ,they apply to everybody and last for all time4 ,paul1 in ,romans #ab3 #bj1 interprets the ,master's teachings and applies them4 ,therefore1 if thine enemy hunger1 feed him2 if he thirst1 give him drink3 for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head4 ,how different this way of dealing from the way the carnal man acts1 and yet who can question the wisdom of the ,saviour's plan8 ,hatred begets hatred2 retaliation invites retaliation and the feud grows4 ,the mountains of ,kentucky have furnished numerous illustrations of the futility of revenge4 ,families were arrayed against families and sons took up inherited hatreds and died violent deaths bequeathing the spirit of revenge to their descendants4 ,we see the same false philosophy at work among nations4 ,one war lays the foundation for another2 generation after generation is sworn to avenge the crimes of preceding generations2 and much of it is done in the name of patriotism and glorified as if it were service to the country4 ,paul gives us the remedy and it is based upon the injunction that ,jesus gave1 namely1 ,love your enemies4 ,feeding an enemy is more effective than threats of punishment4 ,it is a manifestation of love1 and love is the weapon for which there is no shield4 ,the philosophy that ,paul applies to the individual is just as effective when applied to larger groups4 ,nations that have been at war cannot be reconciled by the methods of war4 ,they can be suppressed by force but unless won by friendship there can be no reunion4 ,paul concludes this chapter with a command ,be not overcome of evil1 but overcome evil with good4 ,there never was a time in the world's history when this kind of doctrine was more imperatively needed for the healing of the wounds of the unprecedented conflict through which the world has passed4 ,christ has a remedy3 ,let the wrongs of the past be forgiven and forgotten2 let the world be invited to build on friendship and cooperation4 ,let the rivalry be in the showing of magnanimity4 ,who dares to say that the plan will fail8 ,the alternative policy has failed and failed miserably4 ,why not employ the only untried remedy for the ills which afflict civilization8 ,and the gifts of the ,man of ,galilee are permanent2 they survive the tomb4 ,as one nears the end of life he becomes conscious of an inner longing to attach himself to institutions that will outlive him4 ,his affections having gone out to his fellows1 and his heart having entwined itself with the causes that embrace all humankind1 he does not like to drop out and be forgotten4 ,his sympathies expand and sympathy is the real blood of the heart1 forced by the pulsations of that major organ through all the arteries of society4 ,have you thought how few of each generation are remembered after death by any one outside of a small circle of friends8 ,we have an hundred millions of people living in the largest republic in history--one of the greatest nations the world has ever known--and yet how many names will survive for a century after those who bore the names are buried8 ,the vanity of man is rebuked by a visit to any old1 neglected cemetery4 ,as ,bryant puts it ,the world will laugh when thou art gone ,and solemn brood of care plod on ,and each one as before will chase his favourite phantom4 ,it is partly to escape this dread oblivion that men and women1 blessed with means1 endow hospitals and colleges and charitable institutions4 ,they yearn for an immortality on earth as well as in the world beyond1 and nothing but the spiritual has promise of the life everlasting4 ,if we examine our expense accounts we will be ashamed to note how large a proportion of our money we spend on the body4 ,we buy it the food that it most enjoys1 and the raiment that most adorns it2 we give it habitations of comfort and beauty1 and yet the body is responsible for most of our easily besetting sins and its aches and pains fill life with much of its misery4 ,we spend the first twenty years of life in an effort to develop the body1 the second twenty years of life in an effort to keep it in a state of health and twenty more trying to preserve it from decline1 and then the threescore years have passed4 ,and1 no matter how successful we may be in lifting the body toward physical perfection1 we have no assurance that any physical perfection can be made use of in the world above4 ,i believe in the resurrection of but ,i have not spent much time during the later years in worrying about what particular body ,i shall have over there4 ,according to the scientists the body changes every seven years4 ,if that be true1 ,i have done little more than exchange an old body for a new one during the more than sixty years that ,i have lived4 ,i had a baby body and a boy's body1 then the body of a young man1 and so on until ,i am now well along with my ninth body4 ,i do not know which one of these will be best for me in the next world1 but ,i know that the ,god who made this world and gave me an existence in it will give me1 in the land beyond1 the body that will best serve me there4 ,neither have we any assurance that the perfections of the mind survive the day of death4 ,we spend a great deal of time on the mind1 for this is an age of intellectual enthusiasm4 ,my experience has not been different from the experience of others4 ,my mother taught me at home until ,i was ten2 then my parents sent me to the public school until ,i was fifteen2 then ,i spent two years in an academy preparing for college2 then four years in college and then two years in a law school4 ,after nearly twenty years of schooling ,i took part in my last ,commencement1 and then ,i began to learn1 and have been learning ever since4 ,i have accumulated something of history1 something of science1 a bit of poetry and philosophy1 and ,i have read speeches without number4 ,i have accumulated a large amount of information on politics and politicians that ,i know ,i shall not need in ,heaven1 if ,heaven is half as good a place as ,i expect it to be4 ,how much of the intellectual wealth that we have so laboriously acquired can we carry with us8 ,we do not know4 ,but we know that that which is spiritual does not die--that the heart virtues will accompany us when we enter the future life4 ,in the parable of the ,tares1 ,christ explains that1 just as the tares and the wheat grow together until the harvest1 so the righteous and the unrighteous live together in this world1 but that on the day of judgment they shall be separated4 ,then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their ,father4 ,we have no promise that the body will shine even as a star1 or that the mind will shine even as one of the planets1 but the sun in its splendour is used to illustrate the brightness with which those will shine who are counted righteous in that day4 ,i esteem it a privilege to be permitted to present the claims of the ,larger ,life to which ,jesus1 the ,christ1 calls all of the children of men4 ,why will one choose a life that is small and contracted1 when there is within his reach the life that is full and complete--the ,larger ,life8 ,why will he be content with the pleasures of the body and the joys of the mind when he can have added to them the delights of the spirit8 ,how can he delay acceptance of ,christ's offer to ennoble that which he has1 and to add to it the things that are highest and best and most enduring8 ,this is the life that ,christ brought to light when ,he came that men might have life and have it more abundantly4 ,,vi ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,the ,,soul ,the fact that ,christ dealt with this subject is proof conclusive that it is important1 for ,he never dealt with trivial things4 ,when ,christ focused attention upon a theme it was because it was worthy of consideration--and ,christ weighed the soul4 ,he presented the subject1 too1 with surpassing force2 no one will ever add to what ,he said4 ,christ used the question to give emphasis to the thought which ,he presented in regard to the soul's value4 ,on one side ,he put the world and all that the world can contain--all the wealth that one can accumulate1 all the fame to which one can aspire1 and all the happiness that one can covet2 and on the other side ,he put the soul1 and asked the question that has come ringing down the centuries3 ,what shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul8 ,there is no compromise here--no partial statement of the matter4 ,he leaves us to write one term of the equation ourselves4 ,he gives us all the time we desire1 and allows the imagination to work to the limit1 and when we have gathered together into one sum all things but the soul1 ,he asks--,what if you gain it all--,,all--,,all1 and lose the soul8 ,what is the profit8 ,some have thought the soul question a question of the next world only1 but it is a question of this world also2 some have thought the soul question a ,sabbath-day question only1 but it is a week-day question as well2 some have thought the soul question a question for the ministers alone1 but it is a question which we all must meet4 ,every day and every week1 every month and every year1 from the time we reach the period of accountability until we die1 we--each of us--all of us1 weigh the soul2 and just in proportion as we put the soul above all things else we build character2 the moment we allow the soul to become a matter of merchandise1 we start on the downward way4 ,tolstoy says that if you would investigate the career of a criminal it is not sufficient to begin with the commission of a crime2 that you must go back to that day in his life when he deliberately trampled upon his conscience and did that which he knew to be wrong4 ,and so with all of us1 the turning point in the life is the day when we surrender the soul for something that for the time being seems more desirable4 ,most of the temptations that come to us to sell the soul come in connection with the getting of money4 ,the ,bible says1 ,the love of money is the root of all evil4 ,or1 as the ,revised ,version gives it1 ,a root of all kinds of evil4 ,because so many of our temptations come through the love of money and the effort to obtain it1 it is worth while to consider the laws of accumulation4 ,we must all have money2 we need food and clothing and shelter1 and money is necessary for the purchase of these things4 ,money is not an evil in itself--money is1 in fact1 a very useful servant4 ,it is bad only when it becomes the master1 and the love of it is hurtful only because it can1 and often does1 crowd out the love of nobler things4 ,but since we must all use money and must in our active days store up money for the days when our strength fails1 let us see if we can agree upon ,god's law of rewards4 7,see lecture on ,his ,government and ,peace47 ,how much money can a man rightfully collect from society8 ,surely1 there can be no disagreement here4 ,he cannot rightfully collect more than he honestly earns4 ,if a man collects more than he earns1 he collects what somebody else has earned1 and we call it stealing if a man takes that which belongs to another4 ,not only is a man limited in his collection of what he honestly earns1 but will an honest man desire to collect more than he earns8 ,if a man cannot rightfully collect more than he honestly earns1 it is then a matter of the utmost importance to know how much money a man can honestly earn4 ,i venture an answer to this1 namely1 that a man cannot honestly earn more than fairly measures the value of the service which he renders to society4 ,i cannot conceive of any way of earning money except to give to society a service equivalent in value to the money collected4 ,this is a fundamental proposition and it is important that it should be clearly understood1 for if one desires to collect largely from society he must be prepared to render a large service to society2 and our schools and colleges1 our churches and all other organizations for the improvement of man have for one of their chief objects the enlargement of the capacity for service4 ,there is an apparent exception in the case of an inheritance1 but it is not a real exception1 for if the man who leaves the money has honestly earned it1 he has already given society a service of equivalent value and1 therefore1 has a right to distribute it4 ,and money received by inheritance is either payment for service already rendered1 or payment in advance for service to be rendered4 ,no right-minded person will accept money1 even by inheritance1 without recognizing the obligation it imposes to render a service in return4 ,this service is not always rendered to the one from whom this money is received1 but often to society in general4 ,in fact1 most of the blessings which we receive come to us in such a way that we cannot distinguish the donors and must make our return to the whole public4 ,if one is not compelled to work for himself he has the larger pleasure of working for the public4 ,but ,i need not dwell upon this1 because in this country more than anywhere else in the world we appreciate the dignity of labour and understand that it is honourable to serve4 ,and yet there is room for improvement1 for all over our land there are1 scattered here and there1 young men and young women--and even parents--who still think that it is more respectable for a young man to spend in idleness the money some one else has earned than to be himself a producer of wealth4 ,as long as this sentiment is to be found anywhere there is educational work to be done1 for public opinion will never be what it ought to be until it puts the badge of disgrace upon the idler1 no matter how rich he may be1 rather than upon the man who with brain or muscle contributes to the ,nation's wealth1 the ,nation's strength and the ,nation's progress4 ,but1 as ,i said1 the inheritance is an apparent1 not an actual1 exception1 and we will return to the original proposition--that one's earnings must be measured by the service rendered4 ,this is so vital a proposition that ,i beg leave to dwell upon it a moment longer1 to ask whether it is possible to fix in dollars and cents a maximum limit to the amount one can earn in a lifetime4 ,let us begin with one hundred thousand dollars4 ,if we estimate a working life at thirty-three and one-third years--and ,i think this is a fair estimate--a man must earn three thousand dollars per year on an average for thirty-three and one-third years to earn one hundred thousand dollars in a lifetime4 ,i take it for granted that no one will deny that it is possible for one to earn this sum by rendering a service equal to it in value1 but what shall we say of a million dollars8 ,can a man earn that much8 ,to do so he must earn thirty thousand dollars a year for thirty-three and one-third years4 ,is it possible for one to render so large a service8 ,i believe it is4 ,well1 what shall we say of ten millions8 ,to earn that much one must earn on an average three hundred thousand dollars a year for thirty-three and one-third years4 ,is it possible for one to render a service so large as to earn so vast a sum8 ,at the risk of shocking some of my radical friends ,i am going to affirm that it is possible4 ,but can one earn an hundred million8 ,yes1 ,i believe that it is even possible to serve society to such an extent as to earn a hundred million in the span of a human life1 or an average of three million a year for thirty-three and one-third years4 ,we have one man in this country who is said to be worth five hundred million4 ,to earn five hundred million one must earn on an average fifteen million a year for thirty-three and one-third years4 ,is this within the range of human possibility8 ,i believe that it is4 ,now1 ,i have gone as high as any one has yet gone in collecting1 but if there is any young man here with an ambition to render a larger service to the world1 ,i will raise it another notch1 if necessary1 to encourage him4 ,so almost limitless are the possibilities of service in this age that ,i am not willing to fix a maximum to the sum a man can honestly and legitimately earn4 ,not only do ,i believe that one can earn five hundred million1 but ,i believe that men have earned it4 ,in this and other countries many in public life might be mentioned1 for even in politics men have great opportunities1 which1 if rightly improved1 enable them to render incalculable service to their fellowmen4 ,but let us go outside of politics4 ,what shall we say of the man who gave to the world a knowledge of the use of steam and revolutionized the transportation of the globe8 ,how much did he earn8 ,and the man who brought down lightning from the clouds and imprisoned it in a slender wire so that it lights our homes1 draws our traffic across the land and carries our messages under the sea2 what did he earn8 ,and what of the man who showed us how to hurl our messages thousands of miles through space without the aid of wire8 ,and how much did the man earn who taught us how to wrap the human voice around a little cylinder so that it can be laid away and echo throughout the ages8 ,take a very recent invention1 the gasolene engine4 ,it has already given us the automobile and the flying machine1 and heaven only knows what yet may come with that gasolene engine4 ,my first ride in an automobile was taken in the campaign of #ahif2 since then something like seventeen million automobiles have been brought into use4 ,have you thought of the value of the ice machine8 ,in ,apalachicola1 ,florida1 they have erected a little monument to a former citizen1 ,dr4 ,john ,gorry4 ,a statue of him will be found in the capitol at ,tallahassee1 and the state of ,florida has put another in the ,hall of ,fame at ,washington4 ,out of his brain came the idea that made it possible for the world to have ice to-day without regard to the temperature outside4 ,what did ,gorry earn when he gave the world the ice machine8 ,when ,i first visited the ,patent ,office at ,washington ,i saw a model of the first sewing machine4 ,on it was a card on which was written3 ,mine are sinews superhuman1 ,ribs of brass and nerves of steel2 ,i'm the iron needle woman1 ,born to toil but not to feel4 ,what did the man earn who gave the world a sewing machine8 ,these are only a few of the great inventions4 ,let us take up another group4 ,to show how wide is the field of measureless endeavour1 ,i call attention to the work of scientists4 ,who will measure the value of anesthetics in the treatment of disease and injury8 ,what of vaccination and the labours of ,pasteur8 ,who will estimate the value of the service rendered by the man who gave us a remedy for typhoid8 ,in #ahih hundreds died of typhoid fever in the little army that was raised for the war with ,spain--twenty-seven of my regiment died of that disease4 ,now we have a remedy so complete that of the nearly a million men who reached the battle-line in ,france not one died of typhoid1 and only one hundred and twenty-five of the four millions called to the colours4 ,have you tried to estimate the service rendered by ,reed1 who1 in finding a remedy for yellow fever1 made the tropics habitable and made it possible for the ,united ,states to add the ,panama ,canal to our great achievements8 ,but the field is larger still4 ,raikes established a ,sunday school and now we have ,sunday schools all over the world2 ,williams organized a ,young ,men's ,christian ,association and now there are nine thousand associations and more than a million and a half members march under the banners of that organization1 half of them in the ,united ,states4 ,forty years ago a young preacher in ,portland1 ,maine1 gathered a few young people about him and formed a ,christian ,endeavour ,society2 now it numbers more than four million members4 ,that young preacher1 ,dr4 ,francis ,e4 ,clark1 is now one of the great religious leaders of the world and is ,commander-in-,chief of this militant organization which is larger than the army that did our part in the ,world ,war4 ,what has he earned8 ,near ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 there is a little town that has the proud distinction of being the birthplace of ,frances ,willard4 ,there was nothing to distinguish her from other little girls when she was in school1 but when she reached womanhood she gave her heart to a great cause2 she became president of the ,woman's ,christian ,temperance ,union1 probably the greatest of the organizations among women ever formed4 ,under her leadership that organization brought into the schools of the land instruction as to the effect of alcohol upon the system and that did more than any other one thing1 ,i think1 to bring ,national ,prohibition4 ,the state of ,illinois has placed the statue of this great woman in the ,hall of ,fame in the ,national ,capitol2 she is the first woman to be thus honoured4 ,what has she earned8 ,and so ,i might continue1 for the name of the world's great benefactors is legion4 ,and besides those whose services were of incalculable value a multitude have earned lesser sums ranging down to a modest fortune4 ,every one can earn enough to supply all needs4 ,every time ,i speak to the students of a college1 high school1 or primary grade ,i cannot help thinking that within the room there may be a boy or girl who will catch a vision of great achievement and1 consecrating a life of service1 do a work so valuable that all the arithmetics will not compute its worth4 ,but if ,i could furnish you a list containing the names of all who since time began rendered a service worth five hundred millions1 one thing would be true of every one of them2 namely1 that never in a single case did the person collect the full amount earned4 ,those who have earned five hundred millions have been so busy earning it that they have not had time to collect it1 and those who have collected five hundred millions have been so busy collecting it that they have not had time to earn it4 ,then1 too1 it must be remembered that those who render the greatest service serve more than their own generation--some serve all who live afterward so that it is never possible to compute what they have earned4 ,and what is more1 those who render the largest service do not care to collect the full amount earned4 ,what could they do with the sum that they actually earn8 ,or1 what is more important1 what would so great a sum do with them8 ,in that wonderful parable of the ,sower1 ,christ speaks of the seeds that fell and of the thorns that sprang up and choked them1 and ,he ,himself explained what ,he meant by this illustration1 namely3 ,that the care of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the truth4 ,if the great benefactors of the race had been burdened with the care of big fortunes1 they could not have devoted themselves to the nobler things that gave them a place in the affection of their people and in history4 ,it seems1 therefore1 that while one cannot rightfully collect more than he honestly earns1 he may earn more than it would be wise for him to collect4 ,and that brings us to the next question3 ,how much should one desire to collect from society8 ,i answer1 that no matter how large a service one may render or how much he may earn1 he should not desire to collect more than he can wisely spend4 ,and how much can one wisely spend8 ,not as much as you might think--not nearly as much as some have tried to spend4 ,no matter how honestly money may be acquired1 one is not free to spend it at will4 ,we are hedged about by certain restrictions that we can neither remove nor ignore4 ,god has written certain laws in our nature--laws that no legislature can repeal--laws that no court can declare unconstitutional1 and these laws limit us in our expenditures4 ,let us consider some of the things for which we can properly spend money4 ,we need food--we all need food1 and we need about the same amount2 not exactly1 but the difference in quantity is not great4 ,the range in expenditure is greater than the range in quantity1 because expenditure covers kind and quality as well as quantity4 ,but there is a limit even to expenditure4 ,if a man eats too much he suffers for it4 ,if he squanders his money on high-priced foods1 he wears his stomach out4 ,there is an old saying which we have all heard1 viz41 ,the poor man is looking for food for his stomach1 while the rich man is going from one watering place to another looking for a stomach for his food4 ,this is only a witty way of expressing a sober truth1 namely1 that one is limited in the amount of money he can wisely spend for food4 ,we need clothing--we all need clothing1 and we need about the same amount4 ,the difference in quantity is not great4 ,the range in expenditure for clothing is greater than the range in quantity1 because expenditure covers style and variety as well as quantity1 but there is a limit to the amount of money one can wisely spend for clothing4 ,if a man has so much clothing that it takes all of his time to change his clothes1 he has more than he needs and more than he can wisely buy4 ,we need homes--we all need shelter and we need about the same amount4 ,in fact1 ,god was very democratic in the distribution of our needs1 for ,he so created us that our needs are about the same4 ,the range of expenditure for homes is probably wider than in the case of either food or clothing4 ,we are interested in the home4 ,i never pass a little house where two young people are starting out in life without a feeling of sympathetic interest in that home2 ,i never pass a house where a room is being added without feeling interested1 for ,i know the occupants have planned it1 and looked forward to it and waited for it2 ,i like to see a little house moved back and a larger house built1 for ,i know it is the fulfillment of a dream4 ,i have had some of these dreams myself1 and ,i know how they lead us on and inspire us to larger effort and greater endeavour1 and yet there is a limit to the amount one can wisely spend even for so good a thing as a home4 ,if a man gets too big a house it becomes a burden to him1 and many have had this experience4 ,not infrequently a young couple start out poor and struggle along in a little house1 looking forward to the time when they can build a big house4 ,after a while the time arrives and they build a big house1 larger1 possibly1 than they intended to1 and it nearly always costs more than they thought it would1 and then they struggle along the rest of their lives looking back to the time when they lived in a little house4 ,we speak of people being independently rich4 ,that is a mistake2 they are dependency rich4 ,the richer a man is the more dependent he is--the more people he depends upon to help him collect his income1 and the more people he depends upon to help him spend his income4 ,sometimes a couple will start out doing their own work--the wife doing the work inside the house and the man outside4 ,but they prosper1 and after a while they are able to afford help2 they get a girl to help the wife inside and a man to help the husband outside2 then they prosper more--and they get two girls to help inside and two men to help outside1 then three girls inside and three men outside4 ,finally they have so many girls helping inside and so many men helping outside that they cannot leave the house--they have to stay at home and look after the establishment4 ,this is not a new condition4 ,one of the ,latin poets complained of the cares that hover about the fretted ceilings of the rich6 ,it was this condition that inspired ,charles ,wagner to write his little book entitled ,the ,simple ,life1 in which he entered an eloquent protest against the materialism which makes man the slave of his possessions2 he presented an earnest plea for the raising of the spiritual above the purely physical4 ,i repeat1 that there is a limit to the amount a man can wisely spend upon a home4 ,i need not remind you that the rich are tempted to spend money on the vices that destroy--money honestly earned may thus become a curse rather than a blessing4 ,but a man can give his money away4 ,yes1 and no one who has ever tried it will deny that more pleasure is to be derived from the giving of money to a cause in which one's heart is interested1 than can be obtained from the expenditure of the same amount in selfish indulgence4 ,but if one is going to give largely he must spend a great deal of time in investigating and in comparing the merits of the different enterprises4 ,i am persuaded that there is a better life than the life led by those who spend nearly all the time accumulating beyond their needs and then employ the last few days in giving it away4 ,what the world needs is not a few men of great wealth1 doling out their money in anticipation of death--what the world needs is that these men link themselves in sympathetic interest with struggling humanity and help to solve problems of to-day1 instead of creating problems for the next generation to solve4 ,but you say1 a man can leave his money to his children8 ,he can1 if he dares4 ,a large fortune1 in anticipation1 has ruined more sons than it has ever helped4 ,if a young man has so much money coming to him that he knows he will never have to work1 the chances are that it will sap his energy1 even if it does not undermine his character1 and leave him a curse rather than a blessing to those who brought him into the world4 ,and it is scarcely safer to leave the money to a daughter4 ,for1 if a young woman has a prospective inheritance so large that1 when a young man calls upon her1 she cannot tell whether he is calling upon her or her father1 it is embarrassing--especially so if she finds after marriage that he married the wrong member of the family4 ,and1 ,i may add1 that the daughters of the very rich are usually hedged about by a social environment which prevents their making the acquaintance of the best young men4 ,the men who1 twenty-five years from now1 will be the leaders in business1 in society1 in government1 and in the ,church1 are not the pampered sons of the rich1 but the young men who1 with good health and good habits1 with high ideals and strong ambition1 are1 under the spur of necessity1 laying the foundation for future achievements1 and these young men do not have a chance to become acquainted with the daughters of the very rich4 ,even if they did know them they might hesitate to enter upon the scale of expenditure to which these daughters are accustomed4 ,i have dealt at length with these fixed limitations1 although we all know of them or ought to4 ,the ministers tell us about these things ,sunday after ,sunday1 or should1 and yet we find men chasing the almighty dollar until they fall exhausted into the grave4 ,dr4 ,talmage dealt with this subject2 he said that a man who wore himself out getting money that he did not need1 would finally drop dead1 and that his pastor would tell a group of sorrowing friends that1 by a mysterious dispensation of ,providence1 the good man had been cut off in his prime4 ,dr4 ,talmage said that ,providence had nothing to do with it1 and that the minister ought to tell the truth about it1 and say that the man had been kicked to death by the golden calf4 ,some years ago ,i read a story by ,tolstoy1 and ,i did not notice until ,i had completed it that the title of the story was1 ,what shall it profit8 ,the great ,russian graphically presented the very thought that ,i have been trying to impress upon your minds4 ,he told of a ,russian who had land hunger--who added farm to farm and land to land1 but could never get enough4 ,after a while he heard of a place where land was cheaper and he sold his land and went and bought more land4 ,but he had no more than settled there until he heard of another place among a half-civilized people where land was cheaper still4 ,he took a servant and went into this distant country and hunted up the head man of the tribe1 who offered him all the land he could walk around in a day for a thousand rubles--told him he could put the money down on any spot and walk in any direction as far and as fast as he would1 and that1 if he was back by sunset1 he could have all the land he had encompassed during the day4 ,he put the money down upon the ground and started at sunrise to get1 at last1 enough land4 ,he started leisurely1 but as he looked upon the land it looked so good that he hurried a little--and then he hurried more1 and then he went faster still4 ,before he turned he had gone further in that direction than he had intended1 but he spurred himself on and started on the second side4 ,before he turned again the sun had crossed the meridian and he had two sides yet to cover4 ,as the sun was slowly sinking in the west he constantly accelerated his pace1 alarmed at last for fear he had undertaken too much and might lose it all4 ,he reached the starting point1 however1 just as the sun went down1 but he had overtaxed his strength and fell dead upon the spot4 ,his servant dug a grave for him2 he only needed six-feet of ground then1 the same that others needed--the rest of the land was of no use to him4 ,thus ,tolstoy told the story of many a life--not the life of the very rich only1 but the story of every life in which the love of money is the controlling force and in which the desire for gain shrivels the soul and leaves the life a failure at last4 ,i desire to show you how practical this subject is4 ,if time permitted ,i could take up every occupation1 every avocation1 every profession and every calling1 and show you that no matter which way we turn--no matter what we do--we are always and everywhere weighing the ,soul4 ,in the brief time that it is proper for me to occupy1 ,i shall apply the thought to those departments of human activity in which the sale of a soul affects others largely as well as the individual who makes the bargain4 ,take the occupation in which ,i am engaged1 journalism4 ,it presents a great field--a growing field2 in fact1 there are few fields so large4 ,the journalist is both a news gatherer and a moulder of thought4 ,he informs his readers as to what is going on1 and he points out the relation between cause and effect--interprets current history4 ,public opinion is the controlling force in a republic1 and the newspaper gives to the journalist1 beyond every one else1 the opportunity to affect public opinion4 ,others reach the readers through the courtesy of the newspaper1 but the owner of the paper has full access to his own columns1 and does not fear the blue pencil4 ,the journalist occupies the position of a watchman upon a tower4 ,he is often able to see dangers which are not observed by the general public1 and1 because he can see these dangers1 he is in a position of greater responsibility4 ,is he discharging the duty which superior opportunity imposes upon him8 ,year by year the disclosures are bringing to light the fact that the predatory interests are using many newspapers and even some magazines for the defense of commercial iniquity and for the purpose of attacking those who lift their voices against favouritism and privilege4 ,a financial magnate interested in the exploitation of the public secures control of a paper2 he employs business managers1 editors1 and a reportorial staff4 ,he does not act openly or in the daylight but through a group of employees who are the visible but not the real directors4 ,the reporters are instructed to bring in the kind of news that will advance the enterprises owned by the man who stands back of the paper1 and if the news brought in is not entirely satisfactory1 it is doctored in the office4 ,the columns of the paper are filled with matter1 written not for the purpose of presenting facts as they exist1 but for the purpose of distorting facts and misleading the public4 ,the editorial writers1 whose names are generally unknown to the public1 are told what to say and what subjects to avoid4 ,they are instructed to extol the merits of those who are subservient to the interests represented by the paper1 and to misrepresent and traduce those who dare to criticize or oppose the plans of those who hide behind the paper4 ,such journalists are members of a kind of ,black ,hand ,society2 they are assassins1 hiding in ambush and striking in the dark2 and the worst of it is that the readers have no sure way of knowing when a real change takes place in the ownership of such a paper notwithstanding the fact that a recent law requires publication of ownership4 ,there are degrees of culpability and some are disposed to hold an editorial writer guiltless even when they visit condemnation upon the secret director of the paper's policy4 ,i present to you a different--and ,i believe higher--ideal of journalism4 ,if we are going to make any progress in morals we must abandon the idea that morals are defined by the statutes2 we must recognize that there is a wide margin between that which the law prohibits and that which an enlightened conscience can approve4 ,we do not legislate against the man who uses the printed page for the purpose of deception but1 viewed from the standpoint of morals1 the man who1 whether voluntarily or under instructions1 writes what he knows to be untrue or purposely misleads his readers as to the character of a proposition upon which they have to act1 is as guilty of wrong-doing as the man who assists in any other swindling transaction4 ,another method employed to mislead the public is the publication of editorial matter supplied by those who have an interest to serve4 ,this evil is even more common than secrecy as to the ownership of the paper4 ,in the case of the weekly papers and the smaller dailies1 the proprietor is generally known1 and it is understood that the editorial pages represent his views4 ,his standing and character give weight to that which appears with his endorsement4 ,a few years ago1 when a railroad rate bill was before ,congress1 a number of railroads joined in an effort to create public sentiment against the bill4 ,bureaus were established for the dissemination of literature1 and a number of newspapers entered into contract to publish as editorial matter the material furnished by these bureaus4 ,this cannot be defended in ethics4 ,the secret purchase of the editorial columns is a crime against the public and a disgrace to journalism1 and yet we have frequent occasion to note this degradation of the newspaper4 ,a few years ago ,senator ,carter1 of ,montana1 speaking in the ,united ,states ,senate1 read several printed slips which were sent out by a bankers' association to local bankers with the request that they be inserted in the local papers as editorials1 suggestion being made that the instructions to the local bankers be removed before they were handed to the papers4 ,the purpose of the bankers' association was to stimulate opposition to the postal savings bank1 a policy endorsed affirmatively by the ,republican party and1 conditionally1 by the ,democratic party1 the two platforms being supported at the polls by more than ninety per cent1 of the voters4 ,the bankers' associations were opposing the policy1 and1 in sending out its literature1 they were endeavouring to conceal the source of that literature and to make it appear that the printed matter represented the opinion of some one in the community4 ,the journalist who would fully perform his duty must be not only incorruptible1 but ever alert1 for those who are trying to misuse the newspapers are able to deceive the very elect4 ,whenever any movement is on foot for the securing of legislation desired by the predatory interests1 or when restraining legislation is threatened1 news bureaus are established at ,washington1 and these news bureaus furnish to such papers as will use them free reports1 daily or weekly as the case may be1 from the national capitol--reports which purport to give general news1 but which in fact contain arguments in support of the schemes which the bureaus are organized to advance4 ,this ingenious method of misleading the public is only a part of the general plan which favour-holding and favour-seeking corporations pursue4 ,demosthenes declared that the man who refuses a bribe conquers the man who offers it4 ,according to this1 the journalist who resists the many temptations which come to him to surrender his ideals has the consciousness of winning a moral victory as well as the satisfaction of knowing that he is rendering a real service to his fellows4 ,the profession for which ,i was trained--the law--presents another line of temptations4 ,the court-room is a soul's market where many barter away their ideals in the hope of winning wealth or fame4 ,lawyers sometimes boast of the number of men whose acquittal they have secured when they knew them to be guilty1 and of advantages won which they knew their clients did not deserve4 ,i do not understand how a lawyer can so boast1 for he is an officer of the court and1 as such1 is sworn to assist in the administration of justice4 ,when a lawyer has helped his client to obtain all that his client is entitled to1 he has done his full duty as a lawyer1 and1 if he goes beyond this1 he goes at his own peril4 ,show me a lawyer who has spent a lifetime trying to obscure the line between right and wrong--trying to prove that to be just which he knew to be unjust1 and ,i will show you a man who has grown weaker in character year by year1 and whose advice1 at last1 will be of no value to his clients1 for he will have lost the power to discern between right and wrong4 ,show me1 on the other hand1 a lawyer who has spent a lifetime in the search for truth1 determined to follow where it leads1 and ,i will show you a man who has grown stronger in character day by day and whose advice constantly becomes more valuably to his client1 because the power to discern the truth increases with the honest search for it4 ,not only in the court-room1 but in the consultation chamber also the lawyer sometimes yields to the temptation to turn his talents to a sordid use4 ,the schemes of spoliation that defy the officers of the law are1 for the most part1 inaugurated and directed by legal minds4 ,i was speaking on this very subject in one of the great cities of the country and at the close of the address1 a prominent judge commended my criticism and declared that most of the lawyers practicing in his court were constantly selling their souls4 ,the lawyer's position is scarcely less responsible than the position of the journalist2 if the journalists and lawyers of the country could be brought to abstain from the practices by which the general public is overreached1 it would be an easy matter to secure the remedial legislation necessary to protect the producing masses from the constant spoliation to which they are now subjected by the privileged classes4 ,if a man who is planning a train-robbery takes another along to hold a horse at a convenient distance1 we say that the man who holds the horse is equally guilty with the man who robs the train2 and the time will come when public opinion will hold as equally guilty with the plunderers of society the lawyers and journalists who assist the plunderers to escape4 ,i would not be forgiven if ,i failed to apply my theme to the work of the instructor4 ,the purpose of education is not merely to develop the mind2 it is to prepare men and women for society's work and for citizenship4 ,the ideals of the teacher1 therefore1 are of the first importance4 ,the pupil is apt to be as much influenced by what his teacher is as by what the teacher says or does4 ,the measure of a school cannot be gathered from an inspection of the examination papers2 the conception of life which the graduate carries away must be counted in estimating the benefits conferred4 ,the pecuniary rewards of the teacher are usually small when compared with the rewards of business4 ,this may be due in part to our failure to properly appreciate the work which the teacher does1 but it may be partially accounted for by the fact that the teacher derives from his work a satisfaction greater than that obtained from most other employments4 ,the teacher comes into contact with the life of the student and1 as our greatest joy is derived from the consciousness of having benefited others1 the teacher rightly counts as a part of his compensation the continuing pleasure to be found in the knowledge that he is projecting his influence through future generations4 ,the heart plays as large a part as the head in the teacher's work1 because the heart is an important factor in every life and in the shaping of the destiny of the race4 ,i fear the plutocracy of wealth2 ,i respect the aristocracy of learning2 but ,i thank ,god for the democracy of the heart4 ,it is upon the heart level that we meet2 it is by the characteristics of the heart that we best know and best remember each other4 ,astronomers tell us the distance of each star from the earth1 but no mathematician can calculate the influence which a noble teacher may exert upon posterity4 ,and yet1 even the teacher may fall from his high estate1 and1 forgetting his immeasurable responsibility1 yield to the temptation to estimate his work by its pecuniary reward4 ,just now some of the teachers are--let us hope1 unconsciously--undermining the religious faith of students by substituting the guesses of ,darwin for the ,word of ,god4 ,let me turn for a moment from the profession and the occupation to the calling4 ,i am sure ,i shall not be accused of departing from the truth when ,i say that even those who minister to our spiritual wants and1 as our religious leaders1 help to fix our standards of morality1 sometimes prove unfaithful to their trust4 ,they are human1 and the frailities of man obscure the light which shines from within1 even when that light is a reflection from the throne of ,god4 ,we need more ,elijahs in the pulpit to-day--more men who will dare to upbraid an ,ahab and defy a ,jezebel4 ,it is possible1 aye1 probable1 that even now1 as of old1 persecutions would follow such boldness of speech1 but he who consecrates himself to religion must smite evil wherever he finds it1 although in smiting it he may risk his salary and his social position4 ,it is easy enough to denounce the petty thief and the back-alley gambler2 it is easy enough to condemn the friendless rogue and the penniless wrong-doer1 but what about the rich tax-dodger1 the big lawbreaker1 and the corrupter of government8 ,the soul that is warmed by divine fire will be satisfied with nothing less than the complete performance of duty2 it must cry aloud and spare not1 to the end that the creed of the ,christ may be exemplified in the life of the nation4 ,we need ,elijahs now to face the higher critics4 ,instead of allowing the materialists to cut the supernatural out of the ,bible the ministers should demand that the unsupported guesses be cut out of school-books dealing with science4 ,not only does the soul question present itself to individuals1 but it presents itself to groups of individuals as well4 ,let us consider the party4 ,a political party cannot be better than its ideal2 in fact1 it is good in proportion as its ideal is worthy1 and its place in history is determined by its adherence to a high purpose4 ,the party is made for its members1 not the members for the party2 and a party is useful1 therefore1 only as it is a means through which one may protect his rights1 guard his interests and promote the public welfare4 ,the best service that a man can render his party is to raise its ideals4 ,he basely betrays his party's hopes and is recreant to his duty to his party associates who seeks to barter away a noble party purpose for temporary advantages or for the spoils of office4 ,it would be a reflection upon the intelligence and patriotism of the people to assert1 or even to assume1 that lasting benefit could be secured for a party by the lowering of its standards4 ,he serves his party most loyally who serves his country most faithfully2 it is a fatal error to suppose that a party can be permanently benefited by a betrayal of the people's interests4 ,in every act of party life and party strife we weigh the soul4 ,that the people have a right to have what they want in government is a fundamental principle in free government4 ,corruption in government comes from the attempt to substitute the will of a minority for the will of the majority4 ,every important measure that comes up for consideration involves justice and injustice--right and wrong--and is1 therefore1 a question of conscience4 ,as justice is the basis of a nation's strength and gives it hope of perpetuity1 and1 as the seeds of decay are sown whenever injustice enters into government1 patriotism as well as conscience leads us to analyze every public question1 ascertain the moral principle involved and then cast our influence1 whether it be great or small1 on the side of justice4 ,the patriot must desire the triumph of that which is right above the triumph of that which he may think to be right if he is1 in fact1 mistaken2 and so the partizan1 if he be an intelligent partizan1 must be prepared to rejoice in his party's defeat if by that defeat his country is the gainer4 ,one can afford to be in a minority1 but he cannot afford to be wrong2 if he is in a minority and right1 he will some day be in the majority4 ,the activities of politics center about the election of candidates to office1 and the official1 under our system1 represents both the party to which he belongs and the whole body of his constituency4 ,he has two temptations to withstand2 first1 the temptation to substitute his own judgment for the judgment of his constituents1 and second1 the temptation to put his pecuniary interests above the interests of those for whom he acts4 ,according to the aristocratic idea1 the representative thinks for his constituents2 according to the ,democratic idea1 the representative thinks with his constituents4 ,a representative has no right to defeat the wishes of those who elect him1 if he knows their wishes4 ,but a representative is not liable to knowingly misrepresent his constituents unless he has pecuniary interests adverse to theirs4 ,this is the temptation to be resisted--this is the sin to be avoided4 ,the official who uses his position to secure a pecuniary advantage over the public is an embezzler of power--and an embezzler of power is as guilty of moral turpitude as the embezzler of money4 ,there is no better motto for the public official than that given by ,solomon3 ,a good name is rather to be chosen than great riches1 and loving favour rather than silver and gold4 ,there is no better rule for the public official to follow than this--to do nothing that he would not be willing to have printed in the newspaper next day4 ,one who exercises authority conferred upon him by the suffrages of his fellows ought to be fortified in his integrity by the consciousness of the fact that a betrayal of his trust is hurtful to the party which honours him and unjust to the people whom he serves1 as well as injurious to himself4 ,nothing that he can gain1 not even the whole world1 can compensate him for the loss that he suffers in the surrender of a high ideal of public duty4 ,in conclusion1 let me say that the nation1 as well as the individual1 and the party1 must be measured by its purpose1 its ideals and its service4 ,let him who would be chiefest among you1 be the servant of all1 was intended for nations as well as for citizens4 ,our nation is the greatest in the world and the greatest of all time1 because it is rendering a larger service than any other nation is rendering or has rendered4 ,it is giving the world ideals in education1 in social life1 in government1 and in religion4 ,it is the teacher of nations2 it is the world's torch-bearer4 ,here the people are more free than elsewhere to try all things and hold fast that which is good2 to know the truth and to find freedom in that knowledge4 ,no material considerations should blind us to our nation's mission1 or turn us aside from the accomplishment of the great work which has been reserved for us4 ,our fields bring forth abundantly and the products of our farms furnish food for many in the ,old ,world4 ,our mills and looms supply an increasing export1 but these are not our greatest asset4 ,our most fertile soil is to be found in the minds and the hearts of our people2 our most important manufacturing plants are not our factories1 with their smoking chimneys1 but our schools1 our colleges and our churches1 which take in a priceless raw material and turn out the most valuable finished product that the world has known4 ,we enjoy by inheritance1 or by choice1 the blessings of ,american citizenship2 let us not be unmindful of the obligations which these blessings impose4 ,let us not become so occupied in the struggle for wealth or in the contest for honours as to repudiate the debt that we owe to those who have gone before us and to those who bear with us the responsibilities that rest upon the present generation4 ,society has claims upon us2 our country makes demands upon our time1 our thought and our purpose4 ,we cannot shirk these duties without disgrace to ourselves and injury to those who come after us4 ,if one is tempted to complain of the burdens borne by ,american citizens1 let him compare them with the much larger burdens imposed by despots upon their subjects4 ,i challenge the doctrine1 now being taught1 that we must enter into a mad rivalry with the ,old ,world in the building of battleships--the doctrine that the only way to preserve peace is to get ready for wars that ought never to come6 ,it is a barbarous1 brutal1 un-,christian doctrine--the doctrine of the darkness1 not the doctrine of the dawn4 ,nation after nation1 when at the zenith of its power1 has proclaimed itself invincible because its army could shake the earth with its tread and its ships could fill the seas1 but these nations are dead1 and we must build upon a different foundation if we would avoid their fate4 ,carlyle1 in the closing chapters of his ,french ,revolution1 says that thought is stronger than artillery parks and at last moulds the world like soft clay1 and then he adds that back of thought is love4 ,carlyle is right4 ,love is the greatest power in the world4 ,the nations that are dead boasted that people bowed before their flag2 let us not be content until our flag represents sentiments so high and holy that the oppressed of every land will turn their faces toward that flag and thank ,god that it stands for self-government and for the rights of man4 ,the enlightened conscience of our nation should proclaim as the country's creed that righteousness exalteth a nation and that justice is a nation's surest defense4 ,if there ever was a nation it is ours--if there ever was a time it is now--to put ,god's truth to a test4 ,with an ocean rolling on either side and a mountain range along either coast that all the armies of the world could never climb we ought not to be afraid to trust in the wisdom of doing right4 ,our government1 conceived in liberty and purchased with blood1 can be preserved only by constant vigilance4 ,may we guard it as our children's richest legacy1 for what shall it profit our nation if it shall gain the whole world and lose the spirit that prizes liberty as the heritage of all men in all lands everywhere8 ,,vii ,,three ,,priceless ,,gifts ,the ,bible differs from all other books in that it never wears out4 ,other books are read and laid aside1 but the ,bible is a constant companion4 ,no matter how often we read it or how familiar we become with it1 some new truth is likely to spring out at us from its pages whenever we open it1 or some old truth will impress us as it never did before4 ,every ,christian can give illustrations of this4 ,permit me to refer briefly to four4 ,my first religious address1 ,the ,prince of ,peace1 was the outgrowth of a chance rereading of a passage in ,isaiah4 ,this ,i have referred to in my lecture entitled ,his ,government and ,peace4 ,the argument presented in my lecture on the ,bible1 in which ,i defend the inspiration of the ,book of ,books1 was the outgrowth of a chance rereading of ,elijah's prayer test4 ,i was preparing an address for the celebration of the ,tercentenary of the ,king ,james' ,translation when1 on the train1 ,i turned by chance to ,elijah's challenge to the prophets of ,baal4 ,it suggested to me what ,i regard as an unanswerable argument1 namely1 a challenge to those who reject the ,bible to put their theory to the test and produce a book1 the equal of the ,bible1 or admit one of two alternatives1 either that the ,bible comes from a source higher than man or that man has so degenerated that less can be expected of him now than nineteen hundred years ago4 ,in preparing a ,sunday-school lesson on ,abraham's faith ,i was so impressed with the influence of faith on the life of the patriarch and1 through him1 on the world1 that ,i prepared a college address on ,faith1 a part of which ,i have reproduced in my lecture on ,the ,spoken ,word4 ,it was a chance rereading of an extract from the account of the ,ten ,lepers which led me to prepare the lecture reproduced in this chapter4 ,the subject to which ,i invite your attention is as important to-day as it was when the ,master laid emphasis upon it4 ,as ,he approached a certain village ten lepers met ,him2 they recognized ,him and cried out1 ,jesus1 ,master1 have mercy upon us4 ,he healed them2 when they found that they had been made whole1 one of them turned back and1 falling on his face at ,jesus' feet1 poured forth his heart in grateful thanks4 ,christ1 noticing the absence of the others1 inquired1 ,were there not ten cleansed1 but where are the nine8 ,this simple question has come echoing down through nineteen centuries1 the most stinging rebuke ever uttered against the sin of ingratitude4 ,if the lepers had been afflicted with a disease easily cured1 they might have said1 ,any one could have healed us1 but only ,christ could restore them to health1 and yet1 when they had received of ,his cleansing power1 they apparently felt no sense of obligation2 at least1 they expressed no gratitude4 ,some one has described ingratitude as a meaner sin than revenge--the explanation being that revenge is repayment of evil with evil1 while ingratitude is repayment of good with evil4 ,if you visit revenge upon one1 it is because he has injured you first and the law takes notice of provocation4 ,ingratitude is lack of appreciation of a favour shown2 it is indifference to a kindness done4 ,ingratitude is so common a sin that few have occupied the pulpit for a year without using the story of the ,ten ,lepers as the basis of a sermon2 and one could speak upon this theme every ,sunday in the year without being compelled to repeat himself1 so infinite in number are the illustrations4 ,those who speak of ingratitude usually begin with the child4 ,a child is born into the world the most helpless of all creatures2 for years it could not live but for the affectionate and devoted care of parents1 or of those who stand in the place of parents4 ,if1 when it grows up1 it becomes indifferent2 if its heart grows cold1 and it becomes ungrateful1 it arouses universal indignation4 ,poets and writers of prose have exhausted all the epithets in their effort to describe an ungrateful child4 ,shakespeare's words are probably those most quoted3 ,how sharper than a serpent's tooth it is ,to have a thankless child4 ,but it is not my purpose to speak of thankless children2 ,i shall rather make application of the rebuke to the line of work in which ,i have been engaged4 ,for some thirty years my time1 by fate or fortune1 has been devoted largely to the study and discussion of the problems of government1 and ,i have had occasion to note the apathy and indifference of citizens4 ,i have seen reforms delayed and the suffering of the people prolonged by lack of vigilance4 ,let us1 therefore1 consider together for a little while some of the priceless gifts that come to us because we live under the ,stars and ,stripes--gifts so valuable that they cannot be estimated in figures or described in language--gifts which are received and enjoyed by many without any sense of obligation1 and without any resolve to repay the debt due to society4 ,these gifts are many1 but we shall have time for only three4 ,the first is education2 it is a gift rather than an acquirement4 ,it comes into our lives when we are too young to decide such questions for ourselves4 ,i sometimes meet a man who calls himself self-made1 and ,i always want to cross-examine him4 ,i would ask him when he began to make himself1 and how he laid the foundations of his greatness4 ,as a matter of fact1 we inherit more than we ourselves can add4 ,it means more to be born of a race with centuries of civilization back of it than anything that we ourselves can contribute4 ,and1 next to that which we inherit1 comes that which enters our lives through the environment of youth4 ,in this country the child is so surrounded by opportunities1 that it enters school as early as the law will permit4 ,it does not go to school1 it is sent to school1 and we are so anxious that it shall lose no time that1 if there is ever a period in the child's life when the mother is uncertain as to its exact age1 this is the time4 ,i heard of a little boy1 who1 when asked how old he was1 replied1 ,i am five on the train1 seven in school and six at home4 ,the child is pushed through grade after grade1 and1 according to the statistics1 a little more than ninety per cent1 of the children drop out of school before they are old enough to decide educational questions for themselves4 ,they are scarcely more than fourteen4 ,taking the country over1 a little less than one in ten of the children who enter our graded school ever enter high school1 and not quite one in fifty enter college or university4 ,as many who enter college do not complete the course1 ,i am not far from the truth when ,i say that only about one young man in one hundred continues his education until he reaches the age--twenty-one--when the law assumes that his reason is mature4 ,i am emphasizing these statistics in order to show that we are indebted to others more than to ourselves for our education4 ,that which we do would not be done but for what others have already done4 ,even those who secure an education in spite of difficulties have received from some one the idea that makes them appreciate the value of an education4 ,when we are born we find an educational system here2 we do not devise it1 it was established by a generation long since dead4 ,when we are ready to attend school we find a schoolhouse already built2 we do not build it1 it was erected by the taxpayers1 many of whom are dead4 ,when we are ready for instruction we find teachers prepared by others1 many of whom have passed to their reward4 ,how do we feel when we complete our education8 ,do we count the cost to others and think of the sacrifices they have made for our benefit8 ,do we estimate the strength that education has brought to us and feel that we should put that strength under heavier loads8 ,we are raised by our study to an intellectual eminence from which we can secure a clearer view of the future2 do we feel that we should be like watchmen upon the tower and warn those less fortunate of the dangers that they do not yet discern8 ,we should1 but do we8 ,i venture to assert that more than nine out of ten of those who receive into their lives1 and profit by1 the gift of education are as ungrateful as the nine lepers of whom the ,bible tells us--they receive1 they enjoy1 but they give no thanks4 ,but it is even worse than this2 the ,bible does not say that any one of the nine lepers used for the injury of his fellows the strength that ,christ gave back to him4 ,all that is said is that they were ungrateful2 but how about those who go out from our colleges and universities8 ,are not many of these worse than ungrateful8 ,i would not venture to use my own language here2 ,i will quote what others have said4 ,wendell ,phillips was one of the learned men of ,massachusetts and a great orator4 ,in his address on the ,scholar in a ,republic1 he said that ,the people make history while the scholars only write it4 ,and then he added1 part truly and part as coloured by their prejudices4 ,woodrow ,wilson1 while president of ,princeton ,university1 said3 ,the great voice of ,america does not come from seats of learning4 ,it comes in a murmur from the hills and woods1 and the farms and factories and the mills1 rolling on and gaining volume until it comes to us from the homes of common men4 ,do these murmurs echo in the corridors of our universities8 ,i have not heard them4 ,president ,roosevelt1 while in the ,white ,house1 presented an even stronger indictment against some of the scholars4 ,in a speech delivered to law students at ,harvard he declared that there was scarcely a great conspiracy against the public welfare that did not have ,harvard brains behind it4 ,he need not have gone to ,harvard to utter this terrific indictment against college graduates2 he might have gone to ,yale1 or ,columbia1 or ,princeton1 or to any other great university1 or even to smaller colleges4 ,it would not take long to correct the abuses of which the people complain but for the fact that back of every abuse are the hired brains of scholars who turn against society and use for society's harm the very strength that society has bestowed upon them4 ,let me give you an illustration in point1 and so recent that one will be sufficient3 ,a few months ago the ,supreme ,court at ,washington handed down a decision overturning every argument made against the ,eighteenth ,amendment and the enforcement law4 ,who represented the liquor traffic in that august tribunal8 ,not brewery workers1 employees in distilleries1 or bartenders2 these could not speak for the liquor traffic in the ,supreme ,court4 ,no6 ,lawyers must be employed1 and they were easily found--big lawyers1 scholars1 who attempted to overthrow the bulwark that society has erected for the protection of the homes of the country4 ,every reform has to be fought through the legislatures and the courts until it is finally settled by the highest court in our land1 and there1 vanquished wrong expires in the arms of learned lawyers who sell their souls to do evil--who attempt to rend society with the very power that our institutions of learning have conferred upon them4 ,all of our reforms would be led by scholars1 if all scholars appreciated as they should the gift of education4 ,there are1 of course1 a multitude of noble illustrations of scholars consecrating their learning to the service of the people1 but many scholars are indifferent to the injustice done to the masses and some actually obstruct needed reforms--and they do it for pay4 ,my second illustration is even more important1 for it deals with the heart4 ,i am interested in education2 if ,i had my way every child in all the world would be educated4 ,god forbid that ,i should draw a line through society and say that the children on one side shall be educated and the children on the other side condemned to the night of ignorance4 ,i shall assume no such responsibility4 ,i am anxious that my children and grandchildren shall be educated1 and ,i do not desire for a child or grandchild of mine anything that ,i would not like to see every other child enjoy4 ,children come into the world without their own volition--they are here as a part of the ,almighty's plan--and there is not a child born on ,god's footstool that has not as much right to all that life can give as your child or my child4 ,education increases one's capacity for service and thus enlarges the reward that one can rightfully draw from society2 therefore1 every one is entitled to the advantages of education4 ,there is no reason why every human being should not have both a good heart and a trained mind2 but1 if ,i were compelled to choose between the two1 ,i would rather that one should have a good heart than a trained mind4 ,a good heart can make a dull brain useful to society1 but a bad heart cannot make a good use of any brain1 however trained or brilliant4 ,when we deal with the heart we must deal with religion1 for religion controls the heart2 and1 when we consider religion we find that the religious environment that surrounds our young people is as favourable as their intellectual environment4 ,as in the case of education1 lack of appreciation may be due in part to lack of opportunity to make comparison4 ,if we visit ,asia1 where the philosophy of ,confucius controls1 or where they worship ,buddha1 or follow ,mahomet1 or observe the forms of the ,hindu religion1 we find that except where they have borrowed from ,christian nations1 they have made no progress in fifteen hundred years4 ,here1 all have the advantage of ,christian ideals1 and yet1 according to statistics1 something more than half the adult males of the ,united ,states are not connected with any religious organization4 ,some scoff at religion1 and a few are outspoken enemies of the ,church4 ,can they be blind to the benefits conferred by our churches8 ,security of life and property is not entirely due to criminal laws1 to a sheriff in each county1 and to an occasional policeman4 ,the conscience comes first2 the law comes afterward4 ,law is but the crystallization of conscience2 moral sentiment must be created before it can express itself in the form of a statute4 ,every preacher and priest1 therefore1 whether his congregation be large or small1 who quickens the conscience of those who hear him helps the community4 ,every church of every denomination1 whether important or unimportant1 that helps to raise the moral standards of the land benefits all who live under the flag1 whether they acknowledge their obligations or not4 ,but lack of appreciation on the part of those outside the ,church would not disturb us so much if all the church members lived up to their obligations4 ,how much is it worth to one to be born again8 ,of what value is it to have had the heart touched by the ,saviour and so changed that it loves the things it used to hate and hates the things it formerly loved8 ,of what value is it to have one's life so transformed that1 instead of resembling a stagnant pool1 it becomes like a living spring1 giving forth constantly that which refreshes and invigorates8 ,what is it worth to the ,christian1 and what is it worth to those about him1 to have his life brought by ,christ into such vital living contact with the ,heavenly ,father1 that that life becomes the means through which the goodness of ,god pours out to the world8 ,but1 ,i go a step farther and ask whether the ,church as an organization--not any one denomination1 but the ,church universal--appreciates its great opportunities1 its tremendous responsibility1 and the infinite power behind it4 ,if the ,church is what we believe it to be it must be prepared to grapple with every problem1 individual and social1 whether it affects only a community or involves a state1 a nation1 or a world4 ,there must be some intelligence large enough to direct the world or the world will run amuck4 ,we believe that ,god is the only intelligence capable of governing the world1 and ,god must act through the ,church or outside of it4 ,if the ,church is not big enough to act as the mouthpiece of the ,almighty--not in the sense that the ,church ought to exercise governmental authority1 but its members1 seeking light from the ,heavenly ,father through prayer1 should be able to act wisely as citizens--if1 ,i repeat1 the ,church is not big enough to deal with the problems that confront the world1 then the ,church must give way to some more competent organization4 ,christians have no other alternative2 they must believe that the teachings of ,christ can be successfully applied to every problem that the individual has to meet and to every problem with which governments have to deal4 ,i have in another lecture in this series called attention to ,christ's all-inclusive claim set forth in the closing verses of the last chapter of ,matthew1 but ,i must repeat it here because it is the basis of what ,i desire to say on this branch of the subject4 ,christ declared that all power had been given into ,his hands2 ,he sent ,his followers out to make disciples of all nations2 and ,he promised to be with them always1 even unto the end of the world4 ,if the ,church takes ,christ at ,his word and claims to be ,his representative on earth it cannot shirk its duty4 ,if ,christians are as grateful to ,god1 to ,christ1 and to the ,bible as they should be1 they will give attention to every problem that affects the individual1 the community1 and the larger units of society and government4 ,they will consider it their duty to carry their religion into business and politics and to apply the teachings of ,christ to every subject that affects human welfare4 ,in another lecture ,i call attention to the ,church's duty to reconcile capital and labour1 and to teach ,god's law of rewards4 ,the third gift to which ,i would call your attention is the form of government under which we live4 ,ours is a government in which the people rule from the lowest unit to the highest office in the nation4 ,nearly all of our officials are elected by popular vote1 and those appointed are appointed by officers who are elected4 ,the tendency is everywhere more and more toward popular government4 ,some people are afraid of ,democracy but a larger number of people believe that more democracy is the cure for such evils as have been developed under popular government4 ,the ,christian is a citizen of the republic as well as a member of the church and must practice his religion4 ,i have not time to speak of our government in detail2 it is rather my purpose at this time to call attention to the gift of popular government as we find it in the nation4 ,let us begin1 then1 with a presidential election4 ,i shall not yield to the strong temptation to describe a presidential election2 suffice to say that our campaigns begin with the election of delegates to a ,national ,convention 7,i hope they will some day begin with the nomination of presidential candidates at primaries held by all the parties1 in all the states1 on the same day74 ,the campaigns last long enough to make the candidates so weary that they gladly resign themselves to any result if they can only live to election day4 ,the campaigns increase in intensity week after week and expire1 or explode1 in a blaze of glory the night before election1 at which time the committees of the leading parties set forth the reasons that make each side certain of success4 ,on election day a hush spreads over the land and the voters wend their way to the polling places1 where each voter is permitted to register a sovereign's will4 ,usually by midnight the wires flash out the name of one who is to be added to the list of ,presidents4 ,we give him a few weeks to rest and get ready and then1 on a certain day in ,march and at a certain hour1 he goes to the ,white ,house door and knocks4 ,the occupant opens the door1 and with a wearied look upon his face1 and yet a smile1 says1 ,i was expecting you just at this moment4 ,then the man on the inside of the ,white ,house goes out and becomes a private citizen again1 while the man on the outside goes in1 takes the oath of office and is clothed with authority such as no other human being1 but a ,president1 ever exercised4 ,he writes an order and ships go out to sea with their big-mouthed guns2 he writes another order and the ships return4 ,at his command armies assemble and march and fight1 and men die2 at his word armies dissolve and soldiers become citizens again4 ,this goes on for just so many years and months and weeks and days--for just so many hours and minutes and seconds1 and then there is another knock on the ,white ,house door and another man comes with a new commission from the people4 ,is it not a great thing to live in a land like this where the people can1 at the polls1 select one of their number and lift him to this pinnacle of power8 ,and is it not greater still that the people are able to reduce a ,president to the ranks as well as to lift him up8 ,when they elevate him he is just common clay1 but when they take him down from his high place they separate him from those instrumentalities of government which despots have employed for the enslavement of their people4 ,and why is it that we live under a government resting upon the consent of the governed1 and in a land in which the people rule8 ,because throughout the centuries millions of the best and the bravest have given their lives that we might be free4 ,every right of which we boast is a blood-bought right1 and bought by the blood of others1 not our own4 ,would you not think that people who inherit such a government as this would be grateful for the priceless gift and live up to every obligation of citizenship8 ,it would seem so1 and yet those acquainted with politics know that the difficult task is to get the vote out4 ,even in a hotly contested presidential election we never get the full vote out4 ,if ninety per cent of the vote is polled we are happy2 if eighty-five per cent1 is polled we are satisfied4 ,if it is an intermediate election the vote may be less than eighty per cent41 or even seventy-five4 ,in a primary1 which is often more important than an election1 the vote sometimes falls below fifty1 or even forty per cent4 ,and what excuses do men give8 ,often the most trivial4 ,one man says that he had some work to do and could not spare the time--as if any work could be more important than voting in a ,republic4 ,another was visiting his wife's relatives and a family dinner made it inconvenient for him to return in time to vote4 ,a few years ago ,i met a man on the train who told me that he had not voted for ten years4 ,when ,i asked him why1 he explained that he had voted for a neighbour for a state office--he declared that the neighbour could not have been elected without his help--and yet when the election was over the successful candidate failed to invite him to a dinner given to celebrate the victory4 ,and1 he added1 ,i just made up my mind that if ,i could be so deceived by a man who lived next door to me ,i did not have sense enough to vote1 and ,i have not voted since4 ,we are all liable to make mistakes1 but a mistake at one election is no justification for failure to vote at other elections4 ,we must do the best we can2 and we must not be discouraged if the men elected do not do all that we expect of them4 ,the government is not perfect and never will be1 no matter what party is in power4 ,when the ,democrats are in power ,i can prove by all the ,republicans that the government is not perfect2 when the ,republicans are in power ,i can prove by the ,democrats that the government is not perfect4 ,governments are administered by human beings2 we must expect honest men to make mistakes and we must not be surprised if1 occasionally1 an official embezzles power and turns to his own advantage the authority entrusted to him to use for the public good4 ,we should punish him and try to safeguard the people4 ,the initiative and referendum are valuable because they enable the people to protect themselves from misrepresentation4 ,but even if the government could be made perfect to-day it would be imperfect to-morrow4 ,times change and new conditions arise that make new laws necessary4 ,as the remedy cannot precede the disease and cannot be applied until the public becomes acquainted with the disease and has time to choose the remedy1 there is always something that needs to be done4 ,if ,christians do not make it their business to understand their government's needs and to propose laws that are necessary1 others will4 ,are any more worthy to be trusted than ,christians8 ,even constitutions must be changed in order that our government may be in the hands of the living rather than in the hands of the dead4 ,those who wrote our ,constitution were very wise men and yet the wisest thing they did was to include a provision which enabled those who came after them to change anything that they wrote into the ,constitution4 ,jefferson thought a constitution should be brought up to date by every generation4 ,nineteen changes have been made in our ,constitution by amendment since the ,constitution was adopted and four of these have been adopted within the last ten years4 ,i venture to call attention to the later ones for two purposes2 first1 to show how long it takes to amend the ,constitution and why2 second1 to remind you that these four great amendments have been adopted by joint action by the two great parties4 ,it required twenty-one years to secure the amendment providing for popular election of ,united ,states ,senators after the amendment was first endorsed by the ,house of ,representatives at ,washington4 ,for one hundred and three years after the adoption of the ,federal ,constitution the people tolerated the election of ,senators by legislatures before there was a protest that rose to the dignity of a ,congressional resolution4 ,a ,republican ,president1 ,andrew ,johnson1 recommended the change in a message to ,congress4 ,some ten years later1 ,general ,weaver1 a ,populist ,representative in ,congress from ,iowa1 introduced a resolution proposing an amendment providing for the popular election of ,senators1 but no action was taken at that time4 ,in #aijb a ,democratic ,house of ,representatives at ,washington passed a resolution1 by the necessary two-thirds vote1 submitting the proposed amendment4 ,hon4 ,harry ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 of ,virginia1 was the chairman of the committee when this resolution passed the ,house4 ,a similar resolution passed the ,house on five separate occasions afterward 7twice when the ,house was ,democratic and three times when it was ,republican7 before it could pass the ,senate4 ,the amendment was finally submitted by joint action of a ,democratic ,house and a ,republican ,senate and was ratified in a short time1 ,democratic and ,republican states vying with each other in furnishing the necessary number4 ,in #aiac it became my privilege1 as ,secretary of ,state1 to sign the last document necessary to make this amendment a part of the ,constitution4 ,i have dwelt upon this contest at some length in order to call attention to the time it took to secure the change and to the fact that the two parties share the honour of making the change4 ,it took seventeen years to secure the amendment to the ,constitution authorizing an income tax4 ,the ,income ,tax ,law1 enacted in #ahid1 was declared unconstitutional by the ,united ,states ,supreme ,court1 by a majority of one1 in #ahie4 ,in #ahif the fight for a constitutional amendment was inaugurated and the amendment was ratified and became a part of the ,constitution early in #aiac4 ,this amendment1 like the amendment providing for popular election of ,united ,states ,senators1 required many years1 and for the same reason1 viz41 that the people were not alert as they should have been1 not as vigilant as they should be4 ,in the case of the ,income ,tax ,amendment also1 as in the case of the other1 the two parties contributed to the change in the ,constitution and share the glory together4 ,the first amendment brought the ,united ,states ,senate nearer the people and opened the way for other reforms2 the second made it possible to apportion more equitably the burdens of the government4 ,the ,income ,tax ,amendment was adopted just in time to enable the government to collect the revenue needed for the recent war4 ,during the seventeen years covered by the struggle for this amendment the government was impotent to tax wealth2 it could draft the man but not the pocketbook4 ,what would have been the feeling among the people if we had entered the late war under such a handicap8 ,how would conscription have been received if it applied to father1 husband and son and not to wealth also8 ,and then1 too1 the ,income ,tax ,amendment came just in time to answer the last argument made in favour of the saloon4 ,those engaged in the liquor traffic1 after being defeated on all other points1 massed behind the proposition that the government needed the revenue from whiskey1 beer1 and saloons4 ,as soon as the government was able to collect an income tax the friends of prohibition were able to look the liquor dealers in the face and say1 ,never again will an ,american boy be auctioned off to a saloon for money to run the government2 we now have other sources from which to draw4 ,the third of the amendments was also a long time in coming and was finally brought by joint action of ,democrats and ,republicans4 ,it is not necessary to trace the growth of this reform4 ,suffice it to say that the ,christian churches were the dominating force behind the prohibition movement and that the ,south played a very prominent part in driving out the saloon4 ,more than two-thirds of the ,senators and members from the ,southern ,states voted for the submission of ,national ,prohibition after nearly all the ,southern ,states had adopted prohibition by individual act4 ,the first four states to ratify were ,southern ,democratic ,states--,mississippi1 ,virginia1 ,kentucky1 and ,south ,carolina4 ,it is only fair1 however1 to say that the ,west contested with the ,south the honour of leading in this fight1 and that the ,northern ,states finally did nearly as well as the ,southern ,states in the matter of ratifying4 ,and it is better that the victory should be a joint one1 expressing the conscience of the nation regardless of party1 than that it should be merely a party victory4 ,but the real credit for leadership belongs not to any party or to any section1 but to those whose consciences were quickened by the teachings of the ,bible4 ,total abstinence was naturally more prevalent among church members than among those outside of the church1 and this1 of course1 was the foundation upon which prohibition rested4 ,the arguments against the use of liquor are the basis of the arguments in favour of prohibition4 ,because liquor is harmful the saloon is intolerable4 ,i venture to set forth the fundamental propositions upon which the arguments for prohibition rested4 ,first3 ,god never made a human being who1 in a normal state1 needed alcohol4 ,second3 ,god never made a human being strong enough to begin the use of alcohol and be sure that he would not become its victim4 ,third3 ,god never fixed a day in a human life after which it is safe to begin the use of intoxicating liquors4 ,these three propositions can be stated without limitation or mental reservation4 ,they apply to all who now live and to all who ever lived2 and will apply to all who may live hereafter4 ,to these may be added three propositions which apply especially to ,christians4 ,first3 ,the ,christian is a ,christian because he has given himself in pledge of service to ,god and to ,christ4 ,what moral right has he to take into his body that which he knows will lessen his capacity for service and may destroy even his desire to serve8 ,second3 ,what moral right has a ,christian to spend for intoxicating liquor money needed for the many noble and needy causes that appeal to a ,christian's heart8 ,the ,christian1 repeating the language taught him by the ,master1 prays to the ,heavenly ,father1 ,thy kingdom come2 what right has he to rise from his knees and spend for intoxicating liquor money that he can spare to hasten the coming of ,god's kingdom on earth8 ,third3 ,what right has a ,christian to throw the influence of his example on the side of a habit that has brought millions to the grave8 ,we shall have enough to answer for when we stand before the judgment bar of ,god without having a ruined soul arise and testify that it was a ,christian's example that led him to his ruin4 ,paul declared that if meat made his brother to offend he would eat no meat4 ,what ,christian can afford to say less in regard to intoxicants8 ,if the ,christian drinks only a little it is a small sacrifice to make for the aid of his brother2 if the ,christian drinks enough to make stopping a real sacrifice he ought to stop for his own sake1 on his family's account and out of respect for his church4 ,while the harmfulness of liquor was the foundation upon which the opposition to the saloon was built1 it may be worth while to add that popular government1 by putting responsibility upon the voters1 compelled the ,christian to vote against the saloon licenses4 ,in all civilized countries the sale of liquor is now so restricted that it cannot be lawfully offered for sale without a license4 ,as the license is necessary to the existence of the saloon--as necessary as the liquor sold over the bar--the ,christian who voted for a license became as much a partner in the business as the man who dispensed it1 and he had even less excuse4 ,the manufacturer and the bartender could plead in extenuation that they made money out of the business and money has led multitudes into sin4 ,for money many have been willing to steal2 for money some have been willing to murder2 for money a few have been willing to sell their country2 for money one man was willing to betray the ,saviour4 ,the ,christian who voted for licenses had not even the poor excuse of those who engaged in the business for mercenary reasons4 ,as the consciences became awakened1 therefore1 ,christians1 in increasing numbers1 refused to share responsibility for the saloon and what it did4 ,science contributed largely to the final victory4 ,people used to say that drinking did not hurt if one did not drink too much4 ,but no one could define how much too much was4 ,the invisible line between just enough and too much is like the line of the horizon--it recedes as you approach until it is lost in the darkness of the night4 ,science proved that it is not immoderate drinking only1 but any drinking that is harmful1 and1 therefore1 that the real line is that between not drinking and drinking4 ,science has also demonstrated1 as ,i have shown in another lecture1 that drinking decreases one's expectancy1 according to insurance tables2 a young man at twenty-one must deliberately decide to shorten his life by more than ten per cent4 if he becomes an habitual drinker4 ,but1 what is worse1 science has shown that alcohol is a poison that runs in the blood1 so that the drinking of the father or mother may curse a child unborn and close the door of hope upon it before its eyes have opened to the light of day4 ,business aided us also1 as large corporations increasingly discriminated against those who drank4 ,patriotism furnished the last impulse2 war threw a ghastly light upon the evils of intemperance and upon the sordid greed of those engaged in the liquor business4 ,the reform will not turn back4 ,enforcement will become more strict in this country as its benefits are more clearly shown and prohibition will spread until the saloon will be abolished throughout the world4 ,although now past sixty-one ,i expect to live to see the day when there will not be an open saloon under the flag of any civilized nation4 ,we are now able to prevent typhoid fever1 the individual being made immune by a treatment administered before he has been exposed to the disease4 ,total abstinence resembles this preventive2 no total abstainer is in danger of alcoholism4 ,but we also have a preventive for yellow fever1 namely1 the destroying of the breeding place of the mosquito which carries the germ of the disease4 ,prohibition resembles this preventive4 ,the saloon was found to be the breeding place of alcoholism and prohibition strikes at the source of the danger4 ,these two1 total abstinence and prohibition1 will eliminate the drink evil as typhoid and yellow fever have been eliminated4 ,the fourth amendment adopted in recent years extended equal suffrage to women4 ,like the three to which ,i have referred1 it was a long time coming and came at last by joint action of the two great parties4 ,a majority of both parties in both ,senate and ,house voted for the submission of this amendment and it required both ,democratic and ,republican states to ratify it4 ,the opposition which the amendment met in the ,south was not due to lack of confidence in women1 for nowhere in the world is woman more highly estimated or more fully trusted4 ,such local opposition as there was was due to the race question4 ,now that woman can express herself at the polls1 her influence will be felt as much in the ,south as in other sections2 it will throughout the ,united ,states seal the doom of the liquor traffic4 ,the women will stand guard at the grave of ,john ,barleycorn and make sure that he will never know a resurrection morn4 ,drawing their inspiration from the ,bible1 even to a greater extent than the men do1 the women will hasten the triumph of every righteous cause4 ,they will throw their influence on the side of every moral reform4 ,the adoption of the single standard of morals will be made possible by woman's advent into politics4 ,her ballot will make it easier to lift man to her level in the matter of chastity and to distribute more equitably than man has done1 the punishments imposed for acts of immorality4 ,woman has come into power in politics at a time when she can aid in the promotion of world peace by compelling the establishment of machinery which will substitute reason for force in the settlement of international disputes4 ,her first great triumph at the polls may be the fulfilling of the prophecy1 spoken more than two thousand years ago1 that swords shall be beaten into ploughshares and that nations shall learn war no more4 ,she will be repaid for all her patience and her waiting if now1 by her ballot1 she can make it unnecessary for another mother's son to be offered upon the altar of ,mars4 ,that this nation is in a better position than ever before to lead the world in every good cause is due to the gifts that have come with ,american citizenship1 only three of which ,i have had time to mention4 ,every citizen should be honest with himself1 examine his own heart and answer to his own conscience4 ,what estimate does he place upon the education which he has received8 ,what value does he put upon the religion that controls his heart8 ,how highly does he prize the form of government under which he lives8 ,let him put his own appraisement upon these three great gifts2 these sums added together will represent his acknowledged indebtedness to society2 then let him resolve to pay so much of this incalculable debt as is within his power4 ,we live in a goodly land4 ,no king can shape our nation's destiny2 not even a ,president can have the final word as to what our nation is to be4 ,each citizen1 no matter how humble that citizen may be1 can have a part4 ,let us do our part2 joining together1 let us solve the problems with which we have to deal1 and1 by so doing1 bless our country and1 through it1 other lands4 ,let us join together and raise the light of our civilization so high that its rays1 illumining every land1 may lead the world to those better things for which the world is praying4 ,,viii ,,his ,,government ,,and ,,peace ,by way of introduction1 allow me to say that ,i fully recognize the difference between a presentation of fundamental principles and an application of those principles to life4 ,while an application of principles arouses greater interest it is more apt to bring out differences of opinion and to excite controversy4 ,but the ,christian is always open-minded because he desires to know the right and to do it4 ,he prove7s7 all things and hold7s7 fast that which is good4 ,therefore1 he welcomes light on every subject1 from every source4 ,it is in this spirit that ,i speak to you and it is this spirit that ,i invoke4 ,i speak from conviction1 formed after prayerful investigation1 and am as anxious to be informed as ,i am to inform4 ,some twenty years ago ,i turned back to the sixth verse of the ninth chapter of ,isaiah to refresh my memory on the titles bestowed on the ,messiah whose coming the prophet foretold4 ,after reading verse six1 my eyes fell on verse seven and it impressed me as it had not on former readings4 ,this was probably because ,i had recently been giving attention to governmental problems and had occasionally heard advanced a very gloomy philosophy1 namely1 that a government1 being the work of man1 must1 like man1 pass through certain changes that mark a human life--that is1 be born1 grow strong1 and then1 after a period of maturity1 decline and die4 ,it is a repulsive doctrine and my heart rebelled against it4 ,it offends one's patriotism1 too1 to be compelled to admit that1 in spite of all that can be done1 our government must some day perish4 ,in verse seven we read of a government that will not die3 ,of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end1 444 to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even forever4 ,the fault in the philosophy to which ,i have referred lies in the fact that while government is each day in control of those then living1 it really belongs to generations rather than to individuals4 ,as one generation passes off the stage another comes on2 therefore1 there is no reason why this government should ever be weaker or worse than it is now unless our people decline in virtue1 intelligence and patriotism4 ,it should grow better as the people improve4 ,in the verse quoted we find that the enduring government--the government of ,christ--is to rest on justice4 ,and so1 our government must rest on justice if it is to endure4 ,but what is justice8 ,we are familiar with this word but how shall it be interpreted in governmental terms8 ,christ furnished the solution--,he presented a scheme of ,universal ,brotherhood in which justice will be possible4 ,to show how important this doctrine of brotherhood is1 let us consider for a moment the alternative relationship4 ,there are but two attitudes that one can assume in regard to his fellowmen--the attitude of brother and the attitude of the brute2 there is no middle ground4 ,this is the choice that each human being must make--a choice as distinct and fundamental as the choice between ,god and ,baal2 and it is a choice not unlike that4 ,one may be a very weak brother or a very feeble brute1 but each person is1 consciously or unconsciously1 controlled by the sympathetic spirit of brotherhood or he hunts for spoil with the savage hunger of a beast of prey4 ,i am not making a new classification2 ,i am merely calling attention to a classification that has come down from the beginning of history4 ,many years ago ,i heard a man from ,new ,zealand tell how a cannibal in that country once supported his claim to a piece of land on the ground that the title passed to him when he ate the former owner4 ,i accepted this story as a bit of humour1 but it accurately describes an historic form of title4 ,even among the highly civilized nations governments convey to their subjects or citizens land secured by conquest1 the lands being taken from the conquered by the conquerors4 ,a tramp1 so the story goes1 being ordered out of a nobleman's yard1 questioned the owner's title4 ,the latter explained that the title to the land had come down to him in unbroken line from father to son through a period of #gjj years1 beginning with an ancestor who fought for it4 ,let's fight for it again1 suggested the tramp4 ,to show how ancient is the distinction that ,i am trying to make clear1 ,i remind you that both the ,psalmist and ,solomon used the word brutish in describing certain kinds of men1 and one of the minor prophets calls down wrath upon those who build a city with blood4 ,christ1 it will be remembered1 denounced the hypocrites who devoured widows' houses and for a pretense made long prayers4 ,the devouring did not cease with that generation2 it is to-day a menace to stable government and to civilization itself4 ,in times of peace we have the profiteer who is guilty of practices which violate all rules of morality even when they do not actually violate statute law4 ,in this ,land of the free and home of the brave1 we have been compelled to enact laws to restrain brutishness--not only laws to prevent assault1 murder1 arson1 the white slave traffic1 etc41 but also laws to restrain men engaged in legitimate business4 ,pure food laws prevent the adulteration of that which the people eat--men were willing to destroy health and even life in order to add to their profits4 ,child labour laws have become necessary to keep employers from dwarfing the bodies1 minds and souls of the young in their haste to make larger dividends4 ,usury laws are necessary to protect the borrowers from the lenders1 and1 from occasional violations1 we can judge what the condition would be if the very respectable business of banking was not strictly regulated by law4 ,we have an anti-trust law intended to prevent the devouring of small industries by large ones--law made necessary by injustice nation-wide in extent4 ,congress and the legislatures of the several states are constantly compelled to legislate against so-called business enterprises that are being conducted on a brute basis--some are combinations in restraint of trade1 others are merely gambling transactions4 ,for a generation the agriculturists1 who constitute about one-third of our entire population1 have been at the mercy of a comparatively small group of market gamblers who1 by betting1 force prices up or down for their own pecuniary gain4 ,an anti-option law has been recently enacted after an agitation of nearly thirty years1 and also a law regulating the packers4 ,these are only a few illustrations2 they could be multiplied without limit4 ,they show how unbrotherly society sometimes is even in this highly favoured nation4 ,how can ,christ's teachings relieve the situation8 ,easily4 ,he dealt with fundamentals1 and gave special attention to the causes of evil4 ,he taught1 first1 that man should love ,god--the basis of all religion2 second1 ,he taught that man should commune with the ,heavenly ,father through prayer--the basis of all worship2 third1 ,he proclaimed the existence of a future life in which the righteous shall be rewarded and the wicked punished4 ,these three doctrines contribute powerfully to morality1 the basis of stable government4 ,in another address ,i have called attention to the destructive influence exerted by the doctrine of evolution1 as applied to man1 and have pointed out how ,darwinism weakens faith in ,god1 makes a mockery of prayer1 undermines belief in immortality1 reduces ,christ to the stature of a man1 lessens the sense of brotherhood and encourages brutishness4 ,it is unnecessary1 therefore1 to dwell upon this subject in this address4 ,christ warned against the sins into which man is sure to fall when the heart is not wholly devoted to the service of ,god4 ,he shows how evil in the heart will manifest itself in the life4 ,greed is at the bottom of most of the wrong-doing with which government has to deal4 ,the ,bible says the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil4 ,it surely is responsible for unspeakable ills4 ,the case is so plain that human reason would seem sufficient to furnish a cure4 ,it ought not to be difficult to agree upon the principles that should govern legitimate accumulations4 ,there are two propositions that cover the whole ground2 one is economic and the other rests upon religion4 ,both are based upon the laws of ,god1 but one can be enforced by the government1 while the other is binding on the conscience alone4 ,the divine law of rewards is self-evident4 ,when ,god gave us the earth with its fertile soil1 the sunshine with its warmth and the rains with their moisture1 ,his voice proclaimed as clearly as if it had issued from the skies3 ,go work1 and in proportion to your industry and ability so shall be your reward4 ,this is ,god's law and it will prevail except where force suspends it or cunning evades it4 ,it is the duty of the ,church to teach1 and the duty of ,christians to respect1 ,god's law of rewards4 ,it is the duty of the government to give free course and full sway to the divine law of rewards2 first1 by abstaining from interference with that law2 and second1 by preventing interference by individuals4 ,no defense need be made of the righteousness of this law2 just in so far as the government can make it possible for each individual to draw from society according to his contribution to the welfare of society it will encourage the maximum of effort on the part of the individual and1 therefore1 on the part of society as a whole4 ,if some receive more than their share1 others will necessarily receive less than their share--the very essence of injustice2 the former will become indolent because work is not required of them and the latter will grow desperate because their toil is not fairly rewarded4 ,injustice is the greatest enemy of government4 ,but there is a sphere which the government cannot and should not invade4 ,the government's work ends when it has insured just rewards by preventing unjust profits1 but even a just government cannot bring about an equal distribution of happiness4 ,it can and should guarantee equality before the law--that is1 equality of opportunity and equal treatment at the hand of the government--but that will not insure equal prosperity to each or bestow on all an equal amount of enjoyment4 ,ability will have to be taken into consideration1 and likewise1 industry1 integrity and many other factors4 ,while the government can encourage all the virtues it cannot compel them2 there is a zone between that ,which can be legally required and that which is morally desirable4 ,when the government has done all in its power--all that it can do and all that it should do--there will be inequalities in success1 based upon inequalities in merit4 ,there must1 therefore1 be a spiritual law to govern when the statute law1 based upon economic principles1 has reached its limit4 ,christ suggests such a law--the law of stewardship4 ,we hold what we have--no matter how justly acquired--in trust4 ,that which is ours by economic right and by the government's permission1 is not ours to waste4 ,we have no more moral right to squander it foolishly than we have to throw away our bodily strength1 our mental energy or our moral worth4 ,when we analyze ourselves we find that there is little of real value in us for which we can claim sole credit4 ,we inherit much from ancestry and draw much from environment long before we are able to choose our surroundings4 ,the ideals which come to us from others will account for nearly all that we do not derive from the past and from those among whom we spend our youth4 ,if one has accepted ,christ1 received forgiveness of sin and been brought into living contact with the ,heavenly ,father1 he becomes indebted beyond the power of language to describe4 ,our indebtedness if discharged at all must be paid not1 as a rule1 to those who have contributed most largely to making us what we are1 but by general service to those now living and to those who succeed us4 ,our debtors are as impersonal as our creditors4 ,nothing could contribute more to the security of the government than an approximation to the divine standard of rewards1 and if all then recognized and obeyed the law of stewardship nearly all the complaint that would still exist would be silenced by the volunteer service rendered by the fortunate to the unfortunate4 ,the mob--the terror of orderly government--has been described by ,victor ,hugo as the human race in misery4 ,when the brotherhood of ,christ is established a just standard of rewards will abolish law-made misery and private benevolence will relieve such suffering as may come upon the members of society without their fault and in spite of all the government can do4 ,but plain as are the dangers arising from love of money1 and reasonable as seem the means of meeting them1 the mad race for riches goes on all over the world4 ,the mind is powerless to call a halt2 intellectual processes fail--man needs a voice that can speak with authority--a voice that must be obeyed4 ,he needs even more--he needs to be born again4 ,his heart must be cleansed and his thoughts turned to higher things4 ,it is to such that ,christ appeals when ,he asks3 ,what shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world1 and lose his own soul8 ,let man cease to be brutish and become brotherly and he will need few restraining statutes4 ,if it is brutish to turn so-called legitimate business into grand larceny1 what shall be said of those forms of money-making that deprave both parties to the transaction8 ,the liquor traffic furnished the best illustration of the power of the dollar to blind the eyes of greedy men to the crime and misery produced by drink4 ,the beneficiaries of this wicked business formerly included high church officials--and does yet in some countries--who swelled their incomes with the dividends collected from vice2 they included also highly respected brewers and distillers as well as saloon-keepers of all degrees4 ,the fact that the liquor traffic manufactured criminals1 ruined men and women1 produced poverty1 disrupted families1 lowered the standard of education1 lessened attendance upon worship and even afflicted little children before their birth1 was not sufficient to deter people from engaging in it--even some calling themselves ,christians4 ,the handling of intoxicating drinks continued openly until these centers of pollution were closed by an emphatic expression of the nation's conscience4 ,now1 the fight is against the bootlegger and the smuggler4 ,the man who peddles liquor1 like the man who sells habit-forming drugs1 is an outlaw and his trade is branded as an enemy of society4 ,the sanction given to prohibition by the law brings to its support all who respect orderly government and reduces the enemies of prohibition to those whose fondness for drink1 or for the profits obtainable from its illicit sale1 is sufficient to overcome conscientious scruples and a sense of civic duty4 ,those who oppose prohibition now are shameless enough to become voluntary companions of the lawless members of society1 but this number will constantly decrease as the virtue of the country asserts itself at the polls in the election of officials who are in sympathy with the enforcement of the law4 ,the unrest which pervades the industrial world to-day also threatens the stability of government4 ,the members of the ,capitalistic group and the members of the ,labour group are becoming more and more class-conscious2 they are solidifying as if they looked forward with a vague dread to what they regard as an inevitable class conflict4 ,the same plan1 ,universal ,brotherhood1 can reconcile all class differences4 ,is there any other plan8 ,christ died for all--the employer as well as the employee2 ,he is the friend of those who pay wages as well as of those who work for wages2 the children of one class are as dear to ,him as the children of the other4 ,his creed brings man into harmony with ,god and then teaches him to love his neighbour as himself4 ,to put human rights before property rights--the man before the dollar1 is simply to put the teachings of the ,saviour into modern language and apply them to present-day conditions4 ,the whole code of morals of the ,nazarene is a protest against the attitude of antagonism between capital and labour4 ,he pleads for sympathy and fellowship4 ,every worker should give to society the maximum of his productive power--but he cannot do this unless he is a willing worker4 ,every employer should give to society the maximum of his organizing and directing ability1 but he cannot do it unless he is a satisfied employer4 ,what plan but the plan of ,christ can fill the world with willing workers and satisfied employers8 ,capitalism1 supported by force1 cannot save civilization2 neither can government by any class assure the justice that makes for permanence in government4 ,only brotherly love can make employers willing to pay fair compensation for work done and employees anxious to give fair work for their wages4 ,one of the first fruits of the spirit of brotherhood will be investigation before strike or lockout1 just as our nation has provided for investigation before war4 ,if these bloody conflicts cannot be entirely abolished to-day the civilized nations should at least know why they are to shoot before they begin shooting4 ,the world1 too1 should know4 ,war is not a private affair2 it disturbs the commerce of the world1 obstructs the ocean's highways and kills innocent bystanders4 ,neutral nations suffer as well as those at war4 ,if peacefully inclined nations cannot avoid loss and suffering after war is begun1 they certainly have a right to demand information as to the nature and merits of the dispute before any nation begins to shoot up civilization4 ,the strike and the lockout are to our industrial life what war is between nations1 and the general public stands in much the same position as neutral nations4 ,the number of those actually injured by a suspension of industry is often many times as great as the total number of employers and employees in that industry combined4 ,if1 for instance1 ninety-five per cent1 of the people are asked to freeze while the mine owners and the mine workers 7numbering possibly five per cent47 fight out their differences1 have they not a right to demand information as to the merits of the dispute before the shivering begins8 ,if the home builders are asked to suspend construction while the steel manufacturers and steel workers 7but a small fraction of the population7 go to war over the terms of employment1 have they not a right to inquire why before they begin to move into tents8 ,and so with disputes between railroads and their employees4 ,compulsory arbitration of all disputes between labour and capital is as improbable as compulsory arbitration of all disputes between nations1 but the compulsory investigation of all disputes 7before lockout or strike7 will come as soon as the ,golden ,rule--an expression of brotherhood--is adopted in industry4 ,when each man loves his neighbour as himself all rights will be safeguarded--the rights of employees1 the rights of employers and the rights of the public--that important third party that furnishes the profits for the employer and the wages for the employee4 ,ambition has been a disturbing factor in government4 ,the ambitions of monarchs have overthrown governments and enslaved races4 ,in republics1 the ambitions of aspirants for office have caused revolutions and corrupted politics4 ,no form of government is immune to the evils that flow from ambition1 or proof against those who plot for their own political advancement4 ,for this evil1 too1 ,christ has a remedy4 ,he changes the point of view4 ,it seems a simple thing1 but behold the transformation6 ,let him who would be chiefest among you be servant of all4 ,he makes service the measure of greatness4 ,this is one of the most important of the many great doctrines taught by the ,saviour4 ,it puts the accent on giving instead of getting2 it measures a life by the outflow rather than by the income4 ,men had been in the habit of estimating their greatness by the amount of service they could coerce or buy2 ,christ taught them to measure their greatness by service rendered to others4 ,a wonderful transformation will take place in this old world when all are animated by a desire to contribute to the public good rather than by an ambition to absorb as much as possible from society4 ,brotherhood is easily established among those who in honour prefer one another--who are willing to hold office when they are needed1 but as willing to serve under others as to command4 ,it is impossible to overestimate the contribution that ,christ has made to enduring government in suppressing unworthy ambition and in implanting high and ennobling ideals4 ,war may be mentioned as the fourth foe of enduring government4 ,it is the resultant of many forces4 ,love of money is probably more responsible for modern wars than any other one cause2 commercial rivalries lead nations into injustice and unfair dealing4 ,wars are sometimes waged to extend trade--the blood of many being shed to enrich a few4 ,the supplying of battleships and munitions is so profitable a business that wars are encouraged by some for the money they bring to certain classes4 ,prejudices are aroused1 jealousies are stirred up and hatreds are fanned into flame4 ,class conflicts cause wars and selfish ambitions have often embroiled nations2 in fact1 war is like a boil1 it indicates that there is poison in the blood4 ,christ is the great physician whose teachings purify the blood of the body politic and restore health4 ,in dealing with the subject of war we cannot ignore another great foundation principle of ,christianity1 namely1 forgiveness4 ,the war through which the world has recently passed is not only without a parallel in the blood and treasure it has cost1 but it was a typical war in that nearly every important war-producing cause contributed to the fierceness of the conflict4 ,personal ambition1 trade rivalries1 the greed of munition-makers1 race hatreds and revenge--all played a part in the awful tragedy4 ,thirty millions of human lives were sacrificed2 three hundred billion dollars' worth of property was destroyed2 more than two hundred billion dollars of indebtedness was added to the burden that the world was already carrying4 ,the paper currency of the nations was swollen from seven billions to fifty-six and the gold reserve dwindled from seventy per cent4 to twelve4 ,and1 oh1 the pity6 nearly every great nation engaged in the war was a ,christian nation and every important branch of the ,church was involved6 ,and this occurred nineteen hundred years after the birth of the ,saviour1 at whose coming the angels sang1 on earth1 peace1 good-will to men4 ,the world is weary of war4 ,if blood is necessary for the remission of sins1 enough has been spilled to atone for the wrong done by all who live upon the earth2 if sorrow is necessary to repentance and reform1 enough tears have been shed to wash away all the crimes of the past4 ,this last plague would seem to have been sufficient to release the world from bondage to force--if so1 mankind is ready to turn over a new leaf and set about the task of finding a way to prevent war4 ,as ,christ can remove the pecuniary cause of war by purging the heart of that love of money which leads men into evil doings1 the class-conflict cause by stimulating brotherly love1 and the ambition cause1 by setting up a new measure of greatness2 so ,he can subdue hatred and silence the cry for revenge4 ,vengeance is mine1 ,i will repay1 saith the ,lord1 should be a restraint1 but ,christ goes farther and commands us to love our enemies4 ,that was the complete cure for which the world was not ready when ,god made ,moses ,his spokesman4 ,thou shalt not1 came first2 ,thou shalt1 came later4 ,christ's creed compels positive helpfulness and love is the basis of that creed4 ,love makes money-grabbing seem contemptible2 love makes class prejudice impossible2 love makes selfish ambition a thing to be despised2 love converts enemies into friends4 ,it may encourage us to expect ,christ's teachings to bring world peace if we consider for a moment what has already been accomplished in the establishing of peace between individuals4 ,take1 for instance1 the doctrine of forgiveness as applied to indebtedness4 ,in ,christ's time debtors were not only imprisoned but members of the family could be sold into bondage to satisfy a pecuniary obligation4 ,in ,matthew 7chap4 #ah7 we have a picture of the cruelty which the creditor was permitted to practice3 ,therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king1 which would take account of his servants4 ,and when he had begun to reckon1 one was brought unto him1 which owed him ten thousand talents ten million dollars4 ,but forasmuch as he had not to pay1 his lord commanded him to be sold1 and his wife1 and children1 and all that he had1 and payment to be made4 ,the servant therefore fell down1 and worshipped him1 saying1 ,lord1 have patience with me1 and ,i will pay thee all4 ,then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion1 and loosed him1 and forgave him the debt4 ,but the same servant went out1 and found one of his fellow-servants which owed him an hundred pence seventeen dollars2 and he laid hands on him1 and took him by the throat1 saying1 ,pay me that thou owest4 ,and his fellow-servant fell down at his feet1 and besought him1 saying1 ,have patience with me1 and ,i will pay thee all4 ,and he would not3 but went and cast him into prison1 till he should pay the debt4 ,so when his fellow-servants saw what was done1 they were very sorry1 and came and told unto their lord all that was done4 ,then his lord1 after that he had called him1 said unto him1 ,o thou wicked servant1 ,i forgave thee all that debt1 because thou desiredst me3 ,shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellow-servant1 even as ,i had pity on thee8 ,and his lord was wroth1 and delivered him to the tormentors1 till he should pay all that was due unto him4 ,if ,christ were to reappear to-day he would find imprisonment for debt abolished throughout nearly all1 if not the entire1 civilized world4 ,the law stays the hand of the creditor1 or rather withholds from him the instruments of torture which he formerly employed4 ,here we have the doctrine of forgiveness applied in a very practical form4 ,it is based on mercy1 and yet in a larger sense it rests on justice and promotes the welfare of society4 ,but compassion has gone further2 we have the exemption law which secures to the debtor the food necessary for his family and the tools by which he makes his living4 ,christ's doctrine has been applied further still2 we have the bankruptcy law which gives a new lease of life to an insolvent debtor if his failure is without criminal fault on his part4 ,by turning over to his creditors all the property he has above exemptions he can go forth from court free from all legal obligations and begin business unembarrassed4 ,some who take advantage of these provisions of the law may be indifferent to the ,teacher whose loving spirit has thus conquered the hard heart of the world1 but the triumph marks a step in human advance and suggests possible changes in other directions as the principle is increasingly applied to daily life4 ,international law still permits greater cruelty in war than accompanied imprisonment for debt4 ,national obligations are enforced by killing the innocent as well as the guilty4 ,ports are blockaded1 cities are besieged and even bombed1 and non-combatants are starved and drowned4 ,as imprisonment for debt has disappeared and as duelling is giving way to the suit at law1 so war will be succeeded by courts of arbitration and tribunals for investigation4 ,all real progress toward peace is in line with the teachings of the ,nazarene and this progress hastens the coming of governments that shall endure4 ,with the conclusion of the ,world ,war our nation confronts such an opportunity as never came to any other nation--such an opportunity as never came to our nation before4 ,we were the only great nation that sought no selfish advantage and had no old scores to settle1 no spirit of revenge to gratify4 ,our contributions were made for the world's benefit--to end war and make self-government respected everywhere4 ,we entered the conflict at the time when we could render the maximum of service with a minimum of sacrifice4 ,at the peace conference we asked nothing for ourselves--no territorial additions1 no indemnities1 no reimbursements--just world peace1 universal and perpetual4 ,that was to be our recompense4 ,it is not entirely the fault of other nations that they do not stand exactly in the same position that we do4 ,in many respects their situations are different from ours4 ,they have received from the past an inheritance of race and national hostility2 they have their commercial ambitions2 they have their military and naval groups with antiquated standards of honour1 not to speak of those who1 feeding on war contracts1 feel that they have a vested interest in carnage4 ,besides these hindrances to peace they lack several advantages which we enjoy over any other nation of importance1 viz41 more complete information in regard to other people1 a more general sympathy with other nations and a greater moral obligation to them4 ,our nation being made up of the best blood of the nations of ,europe1 we learn to know the people at home through the representatives who come here4 ,because of our intimate connection with the foreign elements of our country our sympathy goes out to all lands2 and because we have received from other nations as no other nation ever did1 we are in duty bound to give as no other nation has given4 ,we have given the world a peace plan that provides for the investigation of all disputes before a resort to arms--a plan that gives time for passions to subside and for reason to resume her sway4 ,we have substituted the maxim3 ,nothing is final between friends1 for the old-fashioned diplomacy based on threats and ultimatums4 ,we have turned from the blood-stained precedents of the past and invoked a spirit of brotherhood for the purpose of preventing wars4 ,these treaties contain a provision which1 though seemingly very simple1 is profoundly significant4 ,in former times treaties ran for a certain number of years and then lapsed unless renewed4 ,the thirty treaties negotiated by our nation in #aiac and #aiad with three-quarters of the world1 providing for investigation of all disputes before hostilities can begin1 run for five years and then1 instead of lapsing1 continue until one year after one of the parties to the treaty has formally demanded its termination4 ,note the difference3 the old treaties gave the presumption to war--the new treaties give the presumption to peace4 ,as our constitution requires a two-thirds vote for ratification of a treaty1 a minority of the ,senate 7as few as one-third plus one7 could prevent the renewal of a treaty2 under the new plan the treaty continues indefinitely until a majority denounce it4 ,but while we have made a splendid beginning as the leader of the peace movement in the world much remains to be done4 ,our nation should lead in the crusade for disarmament2 no other nation is so well qualified for leadership in this movement so necessary for civilization4 ,the desire for peace1 intensified by the agonies of an unprecedented war1 ought to be sufficient to bring about disarmament2 it should be unnecessary to invoke financial reasons4 ,but national debts have increased so enormously as to have become unbearable and the world must disarm or face universal bankruptcy4 ,the reaction against militarism is more advanced1 but the reaction against navalism is just as sure to come--one cannot survive without the support of the other4 ,rivalry in the building of battleships will not long be tolerated after rivalry in land forces has been abandoned4 ,the ,united ,states should be the champion of the ,christian method of preserving peace--and the world is ready for it4 ,the devil never won a greater victory than when he persuaded statesmen to make the absurd experiment of trying to prevent war by getting ready for it4 ,arm yourselves1 he whispered1 and you will never have to use your weapons4 ,how his ,satanic majesty must have gloated over the gullibility of his dupes4 ,john ,bright1 ,quaker statesman of ,great ,britain1 pointed out the fallacy of this policy4 ,he called it1 ,worshipping the scimitar and predicted that it would invite war instead of preventing it4 ,but the din of the munition factories drowned the voice of protest and the civilized world--yes1 the ,christian world--went into a prepared war1 each nation protesting that it was drawn into the conflict against its will4 ,permanent peace cannot rest upon terrorism2 friendship alone can inspire peace1 and friendship has no swagger in its gait2 it does not flourish a sword4 ,our nation has invited the world to a conference to consider the limitation of armaments2 if disarmament by agreement fails we should enter upon a systematic policy of reduction ourselves and by so doing arouse the ,christians1 the friends of humanity and the toilers of the world to the criminal folly of the brute method of dealing with this question4 ,we should also join the world in creating a tribunal before which every complaint of international injustice can be heard4 ,if reason is to be substituted for force the forum instituted for the consideration of these questions must have authority to hear all issues between nations1 in order that public opinion1 based upon information1 may compel such action as may be necessary to remove discord4 ,it does not lessen the value of such a tribunal to withhold from it the power to enforce its findings by the weapons of warfare4 ,in the case of our own nation1 we have no constitutional right to transfer to another nation authority to declare war for us1 or to impair our freedom of action when the time for action arrives4 ,then1 too1 the judgment that rests upon its merits alone1 and is not enforceable by war1 is more apt to be fair than one that can be executed by those who render it4 ,a persuasive plea appeals to the reason2 a command is usually uttered in an entirely different spirit4 ,there is another difference between a recommendation and a decree2 if the ,european nations could call our army and navy into their service at any time they might yield to the temptation to use our resources to advance their ambitions4 ,as the man who carries a revolver is more likely than an unarmed man to be drawn into a fight1 so the ,european nations would be more apt to engage in selfish quarrels if they carried the fighting power of the ,united ,states in their hip pocket4 ,for their own good1 as well as for our protection and for the saving of civilization1 it is well to require a clear and complete statement of the reasons for the war and of the ends that the belligerents have in view1 before we mingle our blood with theirs upon the battle-field4 ,our nation is in an ideal position2 it has financial power and moral prestige2 it has disinterestedness of purpose and far-reaching sympathy4 ,when to these qualifications for leadership independence of action is added we can render the maximum of service to the world4 ,it matters not what name is given to the cooperative body2 it may be a ,league of ,nations or an ,association of ,nations or anything else4 ,the name is a mere form2 the tribunal should be the greatest that has ever assembled4 ,our delegates should be chosen by the people directly1 as our senators1 our congressmen1 our governors1 and our legislators are1 and as our ,president virtually is4 ,representatives chosen to speak for the ,american people on such momentous themes as will be discussed in that body should have their commissions signed by the sovereign voters themselves4 ,we cannot afford to intrust the selection of these delegates to the ,president or to ,congress4 ,the members of our delegation should not be discredited by any flavour of presidential favouritism or by any taint of ,congressional log-rolling4 ,delegates1 selected by popular vote in districts1 would reflect the sentiment of the entire country1 and their power would be enhanced rather than decreased if they were compelled to seek endorsement of their views on vital questions at a referendum vote4 ,their authority to cast the nation's vote for war ought to be subject to the approval of the people1 expressed at the ballot box4 ,those who are to furnish the blood and take upon themselves the burden of war-debts ought to be consulted before the solemn duties and the sacrifices of war are required of them4 ,our nation can1 by its example1 teach the world the true meaning of that democracy which was to be made safe throughout the world4 ,the essence of democracy is found in the right of the people to have what they want1 and experience shows that the best way to find out what the people want is to ask them4 ,there is more virtue in the people themselves than can be found anywhere else2 the faults of popular government result chiefly from the embezzlement of power by representatives of the people--the people themselves are not often at fault4 ,but1 suppose they make mistakes occasionally3 have they not a right to make their own mistakes8 ,who has a right to make mistakes for them8 ,the ,saviour not only furnished a solution for all of life's problems1 individual and governmental1 national and international1 but ,he also called ,his followers to the performance of the duties of citizenship3 ,render unto ,caesar the things that are ,caesar's1 and to ,god the things that are ,god's1 was the answer that ,christ made to those who were quibbling about the claims of the government under which they lived4 ,the citizen is a unit of the community in which he lives and a part of his government4 ,our government derives its power from the consent of the governed2 what kind of a government would we have if all ,christians were indifferent to its claims8 ,no rule can be laid down for one citizen that does not apply to all2 each citizen1 therefore1 should bear his share of the burden if he is to claim his share of the government protection4 ,the teachings of ,christ require that we should respect the rights of others as well as insist upon the recognition of our own rights4 ,in fact1 the recognition of the rights of others is a higher form of patriotism than mere insistence upon that which is due us and the spirit of brotherhood is calculated to create just such a community of interest4 ,each will find his security in the safety of all--the welfare of each being the concern of the whole group4 ,in a government like ours the ,christian is compelled by conscience to avoid sins of omission as well as sins of commission2 he must not only avoid the doing of evil1 but he must not permit wrong-doing by law if he can prevent it4 ,in other words1 the conscientious citizen must understand the principles of his government1 the methods employed by his government and the policies that come before the government for adoption or rejection4 ,he is a partner in a very important business--a stockholder in the greatest of all corporations4 ,if the good people of the land do not do their duty as citizens they may be sure that bad people will use the power and instrumentalities of government for their own advantage and for the injury of the many4 ,an indifferent ,christian8 ,it is impossible4 ,a ,christian cannot be indifferent without betraying a sacred trust4 ,and yet every bad law1 and every bad condition that can be remedied by a good law1 proclaims an indifferent citizenship or a citizenship lacking in virtue1 for popular government is merely a reflection of the character of its active citizenship4 ,the charitable view to take of a nation's failure to have the best government1 the best laws and the best administration possible1 is not that the citizenship is lacking in virtue and good intent1 but that it is lacking in information4 ,it is the business of the good citizen1 therefore1 to encourage the spread of accurate information--the dissemination of light--in order that those who love darkness rather than light because their deeds are evil may not be able to work under cover4 ,no evil can stand long against a united ,christian citizenship2 witness how prohibition came as soon as the churches united against the saloon4 ,having faith in the power of truth to win its way when understood1 ,christians believe in publicity and are not afraid to call every evil before the bar of public judgment4 ,believing in the superhuman wisdom of ,christ1 as well as in the saving power of ,his blood1 they are bold to apply ,his code of morals to every problem4 ,his is a name that will increasingly arouse the hosts of righteousness to irresistible attacks on the brutishness that endangers government1 society and civilization4 ,i am so confident that the ,christian citizenship of this country will prove faithful to every trust and rise to the requirements of every emergency that ,i venture to repeat a forecast of our nation's future1 made more than twenty years ago3 ,i can conceive of a national destiny which meets the responsibilities of to-day and measures up to the possibilities of to-morrow4 ,behold a republic1 resting securely upon the mountain of eternal truth--a republic applying in practice and proclaiming to the world the self-evident propositions that all men are created equal2 that they are endowed with inalienable rights2 that governments are instituted among men to secure these rights2 and that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed4 ,behold a republic1 in which civil and religious liberty stimulate all to earnest endeavour and in which the law restrains every hand uplifted for a neighbour's injury--a republic in which every citizen is a sovereign1 but in which no one cares to wear a crown4 ,behold a republic1 standing erect1 while empires all around are bowed beneath the weight of their own armaments--a republic whose flag is loved while other flags are only feared4 ,behold a republic1 increasing in population1 in wealth1 in strength and in influence2 solving the problems of civilization1 and hastening the coming of an universal brotherhood--a republic which shakes thrones and dissolves aristocracies by its silent example and gives light and inspiration to those who sit in darkness4 ,behold a republic1 gradually but surely becoming the supreme moral factor to the world's progress and the accepted arbiter of the world's disputes--a republic whose history like the path of the just--is as the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day4 ,,ix ,,the ,,spoken ,,word ,some have prophesied that with the spread of the newspaper public speaking would decline--but the prediction has not been fulfilled and its failure is easily explained4 ,in the first place1 the written page can never be a substitute for the message delivered orally4 ,the newspaper vastly multiplies the audience but they hear only the echo1 not the speech itself4 ,one cannot write as he speaks because he lacks the inspiration furnished by an audience4 ,gladstone has very happily described the influence exerted by the audience upon the speaker1 an influence which returns to the audience stamped with his own personality4 ,he says that the speaker draws inspiration from the audience in the form of mist and pours it back in a flood4 ,it need hardly be added that this refers to speaking without manuscript1 but reading1 while always regrettable1 is sometimes necessary--especially when accuracy is more important than the immediate effect4 ,in order to secure both accuracy and animation it is well to prepare the speech in advance and then revise it after delivery4 ,with increased intelligence a larger percentage of the population are able to think upon their feet1 to take part in public discussions and to give their community and country the benefit of their conscience and judgment4 ,the fraternities and labour and commercial organizations have largely aided in the development of speaking by the exchange of views at their regular meetings4 ,the extension of popular government naturally increases public speaking as it brings the masses into closer relation to the government and makes them more and more a controlling force in politics4 ,the newspapers1 instead of making the stump unnecessary1 often increase the necessity for face to face communication in order that both sides may be represented and1 sometimes1 in order that misrepresentations may be exposed4 ,no substitute can be found for the pulpit4 ,earnestness which finds expression through the voice cannot be communicated through the printed page4 ,if we are thrilled by what we read it gives us only a glimpse of the power of speech to stir the soul4 ,if the spoken word is to continue to play an important part in the communication of information and in the compelling of thought it is worth while to consider some of the rules that contribute to the effectiveness of the pulpit and the platform4 ,sometimes ,i receive a letter from a young man who informs me that he is a born orator and asks what such an one should do to prepare him for his life-work4 ,i answer that while an orator must be born like others his success will not depend on inheritance1 neither will a favourable environment in youth assure it4 ,an ancestor's fame may inspire him to effort and the associations of the fireside may stimulate1 but ability to speak effectively is an acquirement rather than a gift4 ,eloquence may be defined as the speech of one who knows what he is talking about and means what he says--it is thought on fire4 ,one cannot communicate information unless he possesses it4 ,there is quite a difference in people in this respect2 we say of one that he knows more than he can tell and1 of another1 that he can tell all he knows1 but it is a reflection upon a man to say that he can tell more than he knows4 ,the first thing1 therefore1 is to know the subject4 ,one should know his subject so well that a question will aid rather than embarrass him4 ,a question from the audience annoys one only when the speaker is unable to answer it or does not want to answer it4 ,many a speaker has been brought into ridicule by a question that revealed his lack of information on the subject2 and a speaker has sometimes been routed by a question that revealed something he intended to conceal4 ,before discussing a subject one should go all around it and view it from every standpoint1 asking and answering all the questions likely to be put by his opponents4 ,nothing strengthens a speaker more than to be able to answer every question put to him4 ,his argument is made much more forcible because the question focuses attention on the particular point2 a ready answer makes a deeper impression than the speaker could make by the use of the same language without the benefit of the question to excite interest in the proposition4 ,but knowledge is of little use to the speaker without earnestness4 ,persuasive speech is from heart to heart1 not from mind to mind4 ,it is difficult for a speaker to deceive his audience as to his own feelings2 it takes a trained actor to make an imaginary thing seem real4 ,nearly two thousand years ago one of the ,latin poets expressed this thought when he said1 ,if you would draw tears from others' eyes1 yourself the signs of grief must show4 ,if one is master of an important subject and feels that he has a message that must be delivered he will not lack a hearing4 ,as there are always important subjects before the country for settlement there will always be oratory4 ,in order to speak eloquently on one subject a man need not be well informed on a large number of subjects1 although information on all subjects is of value4 ,one who can in a general way discuss a large number of subjects may be entirely outclassed by one who knows but one subject but knows it well and feels it4 ,the pulpit has developed many great orators because it furnishes the largest subject with which one can deal4 ,the preacher who knows the ,bible and feels that every human being needs the message that the ,bible contains cannot fail to reach the hearts of his hearers4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,benjamin ,andrews1 once the ,president of ,brown ,university and later ,chancellor of ,nebraska ,university1 told me of a sermon that he heard ,jasper1 the coloured preacher of ,richmond1 deliver late in life on an anniversary occasion4 ,jasper claimed nothing for himself but attributed his long pastorate and whatever influence he had to the fact that he preached from only one book--the ,bible4 ,when ,i was in college ,i heard a visitor draw a contrast between ,cicero and ,demosthenes4 ,i am not sure that it is fair to ,cicero but it brings out an important distinction4 ,as ,i recall it1 the speaker said1 ,when ,cicero spake the people said1 ',how well ,cicero speaks'2 when ,demosthenes spake his hearers cried1 ',let us go against ,philip4' ,one impressed himself upon his audience while the other impressed his subject4 ,it need hardly be said that in all effective oratory the speaker succeeds in proportion as he can make his hearers forget him in their absorption in the subject that he presents4 ,i may add that there is a practical advantage in the speaker's diverting attention from himself4 ,there is only one of him and he would soon become monotonous if he continually thrust himself forward2 but1 as subjects are innumerable1 he can give infinite variety to his speech by putting the emphasis upon the theme4 ,it is better that the audience1 when it breaks up1 should gather into groups and discuss what the speaker said than to go away saying1 ,what a delightful speech it was1 and yet not remember the things said4 ,whether the statements made are true or not it does no harm to have them challenged2 if some dispute what has been said and others defend the speaker it is certain that thought has been aroused1 and thinking leads to truth4 ,that is why freedom of speech is so essential in a republic2 it is the only process by which truth can be separated from error and made to stand forth in all its strength4 ,we should1 therefore1 invite discussion4 ,while acquaintance with the subject and heartfelt interest in it are the first essentials of convincing speech1 there are other qualities that greatly strengthen discourse4 ,first among these ,i would put clearness of statement4 ,jefferson declared in the ,declaration of ,independence that certain truths are self-evident4 ,it is a very conservative statement of an important fact2 it could be made stronger3 all truth is self-evident4 ,the best service one can render a truth1 therefore1 is to state it so clearly that it can be understood4 ,this does not mean that every self-evident truth will be immediately accepted because there are many things that interfere with the acceptance of truth4 ,first1 let us consider depth of conviction4 ,some people take their convictions more seriously than others4 ,in ,india ,i heard a missionary speak of another person as having no opinions--nothing but convictions2 while one of the enemies of ,gladstone described him as being the only person he ever knew who could improvise the convictions of a lifetime4 ,depth of conviction gives great force to an individual when he is going in the right direction1 but he is difficult to change if he is going in the wrong direction4 ,when ,i visited the ,hermitage for the first time they told me of an old coloured man1 formerly a slave of ,jackson's1 who survived his master many years4 ,he was1 of course1 an object of interest and many questions were asked in regard to ,jackson's characteristics4 ,one visitor inquired of him if he thought ,andrew ,jackson went to heaven4 ,he quickly responded1 ,if he sot his head that way1 he did4 ,prejudice also delays the spread of truth4 ,people sometimes brace themselves against arguments4 ,if ,i may be pardoned a personal illustration ,i will cite a case of political prejudice that came under my own observation4 ,i was speaking in a town in western ,nebraska1 an out-of-the-way place that ,i had seldom visited4 ,a friend heard a man say1 ,well1 ,i never heard him and ,i thought ,i would come and see what he has to say4 ,and then1 with a determined look upon his face he added1 ,but he will not convince me4 ,political prejudice is not so hard to overcome as race prejudice and race prejudice is not so deep-seated as religious prejudice2 but prejudice of any kind1 whether it be personal1 political1 race1 or religious1 seriously interferes with the progress of truth4 ,narrowness of vision often obstructs acceptance of truth4 ,one must be made to feel interested in the subject before he will listen to that which is said about it4 ,aristotle has suggested a means by which each one can measure himself4 ,if he is interested in himself only he is very small2 if he is interested in his family he is larger2 if he is interested in his community he is larger still4 ,thus he grows in size as his sympathies expand--the largest person being the one whose heart takes in the whole world4 ,in proportion as we can enlarge the horizon of the hearer we can increase the number of subjects to which he will give attention4 ,the minister has an advantage in that he deals with the one subject about which all mankind thinks4 ,the soul yearns for ,god3 it is man's highest aspiration and his most enduring concern4 ,when one's heart is changed--when he is born again--he listens to1 understands and accepts arguments that he rejected before4 ,selfish interest is one of the most common obstructions to the advance of truth4 ,very often this difficulty can be overcome by showing that the party is mistaken as to the effect of the proposed measure upon his interests4 ,fortunately in matters of government a large majority of the people have interests on the same side and the real task is to make this plain4 ,where there is a real opposing interest1 argument is of little use unless it can be shown that the public welfare outweighs the personal interest--that is1 that a public interest is large enough to swallow up the interest that is private and personal4 ,whenever one refuses to admit such a self-evident truth1 for instance1 as that it is wrong to steal1 don't argue with him--search him2 the reason may be found in his pocket4 ,next to clearness of statement1 ,i would put conciseness--the condensing of much into a few words4 ,this is a great asset to a speaker4 ,the moulder of public opinion does not manufacture opinion2 he simply puts it into form so that it can be remembered and repeated2 just as my father used bullet-moulds to make bullets when he was about to go squirrel hunting4 ,the moulds did not create the lead1 they simply put it into effective form4 ,jefferson was the greatest moulder of public opinion in the early days of this country4 ,he did not create ,democratic sentiment2 he simply took the aspirations that had nestled in the hearts of men from time immemorial and put them into appropriate and epigrammatic language1 so that the nation thought his thoughts after him1 as the world is now doing4 ,the proverbs of ,solomon are priceless for the same reason2 they are full of wisdom--wisdom so expressed that it can be easily comprehended4 ,when ,i was a boy my father would call me in from work a little before noon1 read to me from ,proverbs and comment on the sayings of the ,wise ,man4 ,after his death 7when ,i was twenty7 ,i recalled his fondness for ,proverbs and read the thirty-one chapters through each month for a year4 ,i was increasingly impressed with their beauty and strength4 ,i have used many of them in speeches4 ,the one ,i have most frequently used in the advocacy of reforms reads3 ,a prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself2 but the simple pass on1 and are punished4 ,i have often used a story to illustrate how much can be said in a few words4 ,a man said to another1 ,do you drink8 ,the man to whom the question was addressed1 replied rather indignantly1 ,that is my business1 sir4 ,have you any other business8 asked the first man4 ,the story is not only valuable as an illustration of brevity but it has a moral side2 if a man drinks much he soon has no other business4 ,in this connection ,i will speak of the words to be employed4 ,our use of big words increases from infancy to the day of graduation4 ,i think it is safe to say that with nearly all of us the maximum is reached on the day when we leave school4 ,we use more big words that day than we have ever used before or will ever use again4 ,when we go from college into every-day life and begin to deal with our fellowmen we drop the big words because we are more interested in making people understand us than we are in parading our learning4 ,the more earnest one is the smaller the words used4 ,if a young man used big words to assure his sweetheart of his affection she would never understand him1 but the word love has but one syllable1 just as the words life1 faith1 hope1 home1 food1 and work are one-syllable words4 ,remember that nearly every audience is made up of people who differ in the amount of book learning they have received4 ,if you speak only to those best educated you will speak over the heads of those less educated4 ,a story is told on a great scientist who made two holes in the back fence and showed them to his wife1 explaining that the big hole was for the cat and the small hole for the kitten4 ,but cannot the kitten go through the same hole as the cat8 inquired his wife4 ,if you use little words you can reach not only the least learned1 but the most learned as well4 ,illustration is one of the most potent forms of argument2 we understand new things by comparing them with what we know4 ,christ was a master of illustrations--the master4 ,no one of whom history tells us has ever used the illustration as effectively as ,he4 ,he took the objects of every-day life and made them mirrors which reflected truth4 ,his parables give us a wide range of illustration--the ,sower going forth to sow1 the ,wheat and the ,tares1 the ,prodigal ,son1 the ,wise and ,foolish ,virgins--in fact1 all the illustrations that ,he used might be cited to prove the power of this form of argument4 ,the question has been used throughout history2 at every great crisis the orators of the day have used the question form of argument4 ,its strength depends upon the completeness with which the speaker includes all of the essentials involved in summing up the situation4 ,the greatest question ever presented as an argument was that in which ,christ concentrated attention upon the value of the soul4 ,no one will ever place a higher estimate upon the soul than ,christ did when ,he asked1 ,what shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul8 ,no greater question was ever asked1 or can be asked4 7,see ,lecture1 ,the ,value of the ,soul47 ,courage is the last attribute to which ,i shall invite your attention4 ,the speaker must possess moral courage1 and to possess it he must have faith4 ,faith exerts a controlling influence over our lives4 ,if it is argued that works are more important than faith1 ,i reply that faith comes first1 works afterward4 ,until one believes1 he does not act1 and in accordance with his faith1 so will be his deeds4 ,abraham1 called of ,god1 went forth in faith to establish a race and a religion4 ,it was faith that led ,columbus to discover ,america1 and faith again that conducted the early settlers to ,jamestown1 the ,dutch to ,new ,york and the ,pilgrims to ,plymouth ,rock4 ,faith has led the pioneer across deserts and through trackless forests1 and faith has brought others in his footsteps to lay in our land the foundations of a civilization the highest that the world has known4 ,i might draw an illustration from the life of each one of you4 ,you have faith in education1 and that faith is behind your study2 you have faith in this institution1 and that faith brought you here2 your parents and friends have had faith in you and have helped you to your present position4 ,and back of all these manifestations of faith is your faith in ,god1 in ,his ,word and in ,his ,son4 ,we are told that without faith it is impossible to please ,god1 and ,i may add that without faith it is impossible to meet the expectations of those who are most interested in you4 ,let me present this subject under four heads3 ,first--,you must have faith in yourselves4 ,not that you should carry confidence in yourselves to the point of displaying egotism1 and yet1 egotism is not the worst possible fault4 ,my father was wont to say that if a man had the big head1 you could whittle it down1 but that if he had the little head1 there was no hope for him4 ,if you have the big head others will help you to reduce it1 but if you have the little head1 they cannot help you4 ,you must believe that you can do things or you will not undertake them4 ,those who lack faith attempt nothing and therefore cannot possibly succeed2 those with great faith attempt the seemingly impossible and by attempting prove what man can do4 ,but you cannot have faith in yourselves unless you are conscious that you are prepared for your work4 ,if one is feeble in body1 he cannot have the confidence in his physical strength that the athlete has1 and1 as physical strength is necessary1 one is justified in devoting to exercise and to the strengthening of the body such time as may be necessary4 ,intellectual training is also necessary1 and more necessary than it used to be4 ,when but few had the advantages of a college education1 the lack of such advantages was not so apparent4 ,now when so many of the ministers1 lawyers1 physicians1 journalists1 and even business men1 are college graduates1 one cannot afford to be without the best possible intellectual preparation4 ,when one comes into competition with his fellows1 he soon recognizes his own intellectual superiority1 equality or inferiority as compared with others4 ,in ,china they have a very interesting bird contest4 ,the singing lark is the most popular bird there1 and as you go along the streets of a ,chinese city you see ,chinamen out airing their birds4 ,these singing larks are entered in contests1 and the contests are decided by the birds themselves4 ,if1 for instance1 a dozen are entered1 they all begin to sing lustily1 but as they sing1 one after another recognizes that it is outclassed and gets down off its perch1 puts its head under its wing and will not sing any more4 ,at last there is just one bird left singing1 and it sings with enthusiasm as if it recognized its victory4 ,so it is in all intellectual contests4 ,put twenty men in a room and let them discuss any important question4 ,at first all will take part in the discussion1 but as the discussion proceeds1 one after another drops out until finally two are left in debate1 one on one side and one on the other4 ,the rest are content to have their ideas presented by those who can present them best4 ,if you are going to have faith1 therefore1 in yourselves1 you must be prepared to meet your competitors upon an equal plane2 if you are prepared1 they will be conscious of it as well as you4 ,a high purpose is also a necessary part of your preparation4 ,you cannot afford to put a low purpose in competition with a high one4 ,if you go out to work from a purely selfish standpoint1 you will be ashamed to stand in the presence of those who have higher aims and nobler ambitions4 ,have faith in yourselves1 but to have faith you must be prepared for your work1 and this preparation must be moral and intellectual as well as physical4 ,the preacher should be the boldest of men because of the unselfish character of his work4 ,second3 ,have faith in mankind4 ,the great fault of our scholarship is that it is not sufficiently sympathetic4 ,it holds itself aloof from the struggling masses4 ,it is too often cold and cynical4 ,it is better to trust your fellowmen and be occasionally deceived than to be distrustful and live alone4 ,mankind deserves to be trusted4 ,there is something good in every one1 and that good responds to sympathy4 ,if you speak to the multitude and they do not respond1 do not despise them1 but rather examine what you have said4 ,if you speak from your heart1 you will speak to their hearts1 and they can tell very quickly whether you are interested in them or simply in yourself4 ,the heart of mankind is sound2 the sense of justice is universal4 ,trust it1 appeal to it1 do not violate it4 ,people differ in race characteristics1 in national traditions1 in language1 in ideas of government1 and in forms of religion1 but at the heart they are very much alike4 ,i fear the plutocracy of wealth2 ,i respect the aristocracy of learning2 but ,i thank ,god for the democracy of the heart4 ,you must love if you would be loved4 ,they loved him because he first loved them--this is the verdict pronounced where men have unselfishly laboured for the welfare of the whole people4 ,link yourselves in sympathy with your fellowmen2 mingle with them2 know them and you will trust them and they will trust you4 ,if you are stronger than others1 bear heavier loads2 if you are more capable than others1 show it by your willingness to perform a larger service4 ,third3 ,if you are going to accomplish anything in this country1 you must have faith in your form of government1 and there is every reason why you should have faith in it4 ,it is the best form of government ever conceived by the mind of man1 and it is spreading throughout the world4 ,it is best1 not because it is perfect1 but because it can be made as perfect as the people deserve to have4 ,it is a people's government1 and it reflects the virtue and intelligence of the people4 ,as the people make progress in virtue and intelligence1 the government ought to approach more and more nearly to perfection4 ,it will never1 of course1 be entirely free from faults1 because it must be administered by human beings1 and imperfection is to be expected in the work of human hands4 ,jefferson said a century ago that there were naturally two parties in every country1 one which drew to itself those who trusted the people1 the other which as naturally drew to itself those who distrusted the people4 ,that was true when ,jefferson said it1 and it is true to-day4 ,in every country there are those who are seeking to enlarge the participation of the people in government1 and that group is growing4 ,in every country there are those who are endeavouring to obstruct each step toward popular government1 and that group is diminishing4 ,in this country the tendency is constantly toward more popular government1 and every effort which has for its object the bringing of the government into closer touch with the people is sure of ultimate triumph4 ,our form of government is good4 ,call it a democracy if you are a democrat1 or a republic if you are a republican1 but help to make it a government of the people1 by the people1 and for the people4 ,a democracy is wiser than an aristocracy because a democracy can draw from the wisdom of the people1 and all of the people know more than any part of the people4 ,a democracy is stronger than a monarchy1 because1 as the historian1 ,bancroft1 has said3 ,it dares to discard the implements of terror and build its citadel in the hearts of men4 ,and a democracy is the most just form of government because it is built upon the doctrine that men are created equal1 that governments are instituted to protect the inalienable rights of the people and that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed4 ,we know that a grain of wheat planted in the ground will1 under the influence of the sunshine and rain1 send forth a blade1 and then a stalk1 and then the full head1 because there is behind the grain of wheat a force irresistible and constantly at work4 ,there is behind moral and political truth a force equally irresistible and always operating1 and just as we may expect the harvest in due season1 we may be sure of the triumph of these eternal forces that make for man's uplifting4 ,have faith in your form of government1 for it rests upon a growing idea1 and if you will but attach yourself to that idea1 you will grow with it4 ,fourth1 the subject presents itself in another aspect4 ,you must not only have faith in yourselves1 in humanity and in the form of government under which we live1 but if you would do a great work1 you must have faith in ,god4 ,i am not a preacher2 ,i am but a layman2 yet1 ,i am not willing that the minister shall monopolize the blessings of ,christianity1 and ,i do not know of any moral precept binding upon the preacher behind the pulpit that is not binding upon the ,christian and whose acceptance would not be helpful to every one4 ,i am not speaking from the minister's standpoint but from the observation of every-day life when ,i say that there is a wide difference between the desire to live so that men will applaud you and the desire to live so that ,god will be satisfied with you4 ,man needs the inner strength that comes from faith in ,god and belief in ,his constant presence4 ,man needs faith in ,god1 therefore1 to strengthen him in his hours of trial1 and he needs it to give him courage to do the work of life4 ,how can one fight for a principle unless he believes in the triumph of right8 ,how can he believe in the triumph of the right if he does not believe that ,god stands back of the truth and that ,god is able to bring victory to ,his side8 ,he knows not whether he is to live for the truth or to die for it1 but if he has the faith he ought to have1 he is as ready to die for it as to live for it4 ,faith will not only give you strength when you fight for righteousness1 but your faith will bring dismay to your enemies4 ,there is power in the presence of an honest man who does right because it is right and dares to do the right in the face of all opposition4 ,that is true to-day1 and has been true through all history4 ,if your preparation is complete so that you are conscious of your ability to do great things2 if you have faith in your fellowmen and become a colabourer with them in the raising of the general level of society2 if you have faith in our form of government and seek to purge it of its imperfections so as to make it more and more acceptable to our own people and to the oppressed of other nations2 and if1 in addition1 you have faith in ,god and in the triumph of the right1 no one can set limits to your achievements4 ,this is the greatest of all ages in which to live4 ,the railroads and the telegraph wires have brought the corners of the earth close together1 and it is easier to-day for one to be helpful to the whole world than it was a few centuries ago to be helpful to the inhabitants of a single valley4 ,this is the age of great opportunity and of great responsibility4 ,let your faith be large1 and let this large faith inspire you to perform a large service4 ,because the preacher has consecrated himself to ,god's service and seeks divine guidance from the ,bible and through prayer1 he is able to speak with absolute confidence4 ,his trust is the measure of his strength2 because he knows what ,christ has done for him he knows what ,christ can do for others4 ,his own experience is the foundation of his trust in the ,gospel that he preaches4 ,because a miracle was wrought in his own life he knows that the day of miracles is not past2 because one heart has been regenerated he knows that all hearts can be1 and that ,christ1 through ,his power to transform the life of each individual1 can transform a world4 ,i beg you to prepare yourselves to proclaim the ,word of ,god by voice as well as with pen4 ,you have a mighty message for a waiting world--a message worthy of all your powers of heart and mind and tongue4 ,,bible ,,study ,p4 ,,whitwell ,,wilson ,author of the ,christ ,we ,forget ,the ,vision ,we ,forget ,a ,layman's ,reading of the ,book of ,revelation4 #b4jj ,certainly this is the most entertaining treatise on the ,revelation ever written4 ,will make the ,revelation a new book in the reading of many ,christians4 ,it brings the ,revelation down into the present day and makes it all intensely vital and modern4 ,c4,e4 ,world4 ,j4,j4 ,,ross ,the author of ,the ,kingdom in ,mystery4 ,thinking ,through the ,new ,testament ,an ,outline ,study of ,every ,book ,in the ,new ,testament4 #a4ge ,a course of study in the books of the ,new ,testament4 ,dr4 ,ross has prepared a volume which can be used by the individual student as well as by study groups4 ,,frederic ,b4 ,,oxtoby ,making the ,bible ,real ,introductory ,studies in the ,bible4 #a4jj ,in simple1 direct language1 ,dr4 ,oxtoby brings his readers into close1 intimate contact with the wonderful story of ,god's chosen ,people1 their ,land1 their ,history1 their ,prophets and their ,literature4 ,,philip ,,mauro ,author of ,the ,number of ,man ,bringing ,back the ,king ,another ,volume on the ,kingdom4 #a4jj ,continuing his study of the ,kingdom1 the author in this volume sets forth the relation of ,king ,david with the ,gospel4 ,,philip ,,mauro ,our ,liberty in ,christ ,a ,study in ,galatians4 #a4be ,an exposition of ,galatians from the standpoint that its main theme is the ,liberty wherewith ,christ has made us free4 ,special attention is given to the unfolding of the remarkable allegory in ,chapter ,,iv4 ,,work ,,among ,,young ,,people ,,hugh ,t4 ,,kerr ,children's ,gospel ,story-,sermons ,a ,new ,volume of ,talks to the ,young4 #a4be ,the stories are drawn from history1 mythology1 the daily newspapers1 biography1 and fiction4 ,they are all interesting1 and the author always makes a plain1 sensible1 evangelical application of them1 well calculated to help boys and girls4 ,illustration3 ,children's ,gospel ,story-,sermons4 ,s4,d4 ,,chambers ,author of ,if ,i ,were ,you4 ,to ,be or ,not ,to ,be ,brief ,talks with ,children and ,young ,folks4 #a4be ,in ,mr4 ,chambers' new volume of ,five ,minute ,talks he aims at helping the children to right decisions--to determine whether they will1 or will not1 acquire certain good and bad qualities1 calculated to either make or mar their characters and lives4 ,a useful series1 quite above the ordinary4 ,w4 ,,russell ,,bowie ,rector ,st4 ,paul's ,episcopal ,church1 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,author of ,the ,children's ,year1 etc4 ,sunny ,windows and ,other ,sermons for ,children4 #a4be ,every pastor has the rich opportunity of speaking to the children1 and desires to magnify this opportunity for indoctrination to the highest degree4 ,the advantage of this book lies in the fact that the preacher has had unusual success in his ministry with the children in which he has made use of all the materials here accumulated4 ,christian ,advocate4 ,,wade ,o4 ,,smith ,author of ,the ,little ,jets1 etc4 ,say1 ,fellows6 ,chummy ,talks with ,young ,men about the ,game of ,life4 #a4be ,a volume of the famous talks from ,wade ,smith's ,boys' ,class3 ,say ,fellows1 the finest and biggest and most thrilling game of all is the life game1 in which our adversary is the devil4 ,the forces of the devil are most powerfully organized to overthrow the forces of ,god's ,kingdom4 ,,evangelistic ,,work ,,ozora ,s4 ,,davis ,president1 ,chicago ,theological ,seminary ,evangelistic ,preaching ,with ,sermon ,outlines and ,talks to ,children and ,young ,people4 #a4ej ,the best help on this important subject that we have ever seen4 ,sets forth with skill and completeness the method of evangelism that best appeals to the men and women of the present day4--,c4,e4 ,world4 ,illustration ,,william ,e4 ,,biederwolf ,sec4 ,the ,national ,federated ,evangelistic ,committee ,evangelism ,its ,justification--,operation--,value4 #a4ge ,it is a text-book and a call4 ,every chapter is full of value4 ,it tells how to give the invitation and how to conduct the after-meeting4 ,it is a book for every one who is interested in doing evangelistic work4 ,herald and ,presbyter4 ,,frederick ,l4 ,,fagley ,executive ,secretary ,commission on ,evangelism ,congregation ,churches4 ,parish ,evangelism ,an ,outline of a ,year's ,program4 #a4jj ,mr4 ,fagley lays down a sensible1 workable plan of work1 including the formalities and maintenance of an evangelistic committee1 a program of preaching1 methods of personal work1 deepening of the prayer-life1 etc4 ,j4,w4 ,,porter ,the ,assurance of ,salvation ,and ,other ,evangelistic ,sermons4 #a4be ,sermons of the distinctly orthodox type and suggestive in outline and illustration4 ,warm the soul and stimulate the thought4--,evangelical ,messenger4 ,,charles ,,forbes ,,taylor 7,the ,boy ,evangelist7 ,the ,riveter's ,gang and ,other ,revival ,addresses4 #a4be ,the value of this book lies not alone in the anecdotes and sermons that it contains1 but in the illustration of how a successful evangelistic preacher may enforce his teaching4--,lookout4 ,,self-,,help ,,roger ,w4 ,,babson ,pres4 ,babson's ,statistical ,organization ,making ,good in ,business #a4be ,the famous ,business ,expert here applies a fundamental knowledge of business principles to daily business life4 ,the latest work by the author of ,fundamentals of ,prosperity is crammed with the most valuable sort of hints and suggestions for the attainment of a successful business career4 ,illustration ,,william ,,george ,,jordan ,author of ,self ,control1 etc4 ,the ,trusteeship of ,life ,a ,study in the ,true ,values of ,existence #a4be ,a new volume of ,mr4 ,jordan's winning ,essays which have called forth the hearty praise of ,henry van ,dyke who said3 ,they are suggestive and stimulating4 ,his philosophy has three big little words--courage1 cheerfulness and charity4 ,,biography1 etc4 ,,frederick ,,lynch ,educational ,secretary of ,the ,church ,peace ,union ,personal ,recollections of ,andrew ,carnegie #a4ej ,happily ,dr4 ,lynch's little volume of personal recollections of ,andrew ,carnegie admirably supplements the autobiography4 ,these two books taken together will explain the real ,carnegie to his countrymen4 ,independent4 ,,philip ,i4 ,,roberts ,charlie ,alexander ,a ,study in ,personality4 #a4jj ,dr4 ,edgar ,whitaker ,work says4 ,brief as it is1 it serves its purpose successfully4 ,it leaves a picture of the great singer in the mind that cannot be forgotten4 ,,david ,,gregg1 ,d4,d4 ,a ,book of ,remembrance ,selections from the writings of ,dr4 ,david ,gregg4 ,compiled by ,frank ,dilnot4 #b4jj ,a book of rare stimulus and devotional charm overflowing with precious thoughts selected from the works of the well-known preacher and devotional writer by one well qualified for the task4