,,bygone ,,beliefs ,,be+ ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,excursions ,,9 ,,! ,,byways ,,( ,,?\ght ,by ,h4 ,/anley ,r$grove ,alle ,erfahrung i/ ,magic1 und nur magis* erkl>b>4 ,,novalis 7,fri$ri* von ,h>d5b]g74 ,ev]y?+ possible to be believ'd is an image ( tru?4 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,to ,,my ,,wife ,transcrib]'s ,note3 4 coord9ate coval5t bond4 s subscript$ 4 ,s sup]script$ 4 m>k non-ascii *>act]s4 ,emphasis italics h a 99 m>k4 m>ks a ref]5ce to int]nal page numb]s4 ,comm5ts & guess$ at *>act]s 9 braces ne$ /ripp$_/fix$4 ,footnotes h n be5 re-numb]$1 h[ev]1 77 are mov$ to ,e,o,paragraph4 ,! footnotes t h duplicate numb]s across #b pages are a & b4 ,protect$ ind5tations h a space be=e ! ,tab4 ,,eol - h be5 conv]t$ to 7,s(t ,hyph574 ,greek lett]s are encod$ 9 gr brackets1 & ! lett]s are bas$ on ,adobe's ,symbol font4 ,hebrew lett]s are encod$ 9 hb brackets4 ,,preface ,,^! ,excursions 9 ! ,byways ( ,?\ght 7 und]tak5 at diff]5t times & on diff]5t occasions2 consequ5tly1 ! read] may be able to detect 9 !m inequalities ( treatm5t4 ,he may feel t ,i h l+]$ too long 9 "s byways & hurri$ too rapidly ?r\gh o!rs1 tak+1 z x 71 b a g5]al view ( ! road 9 ! latt] case1 :il/ exam9+ ev]y?+ t c\ld be se5 9 ! =m] )1 p]haps1 undue c>e4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ ev]1 all ^! excursions h be5 und]tak5 ) "o & ! same object 9 view1 t1 namely1 ( und]/&+ aright & appreciat+ at _! true wor? "s ( ! m curi\s byways along :i* human ?\ght has travell$4 ,x is easy = ! sup]ficial ?9k] to dismiss mu* ( ! ?\ght ( ! pa/ 7&1 inde$1 ( ! pres5t7 z m]e sup]/ition1 n wor? ! tr\ble ( inve/igation3 b x is n sci5tific4 ,!re is a reason = e belief1 ev5 ! mo/ fanta/ic1 & x %\ld be our object to discov] ?is reason4 ,h[ f>1 if at all1 ! reason 9 any case ju/ifies u 9 hold+ a simil> belief is1 ( c\rse1 ano!r "q4 ,"s ( ! beliefs ,i h dealt ) ,i h treat$ at great] l5g? ?an o!rs1 because x seems to me t ! tru?s ( :i* !y are ! images--vague & di/ort$ 9 _m cases ?\gh !y be--are tru?s :i* we h ei!r =gott5 n[adays1 or are 9 dang] ( =gett+4 ,we mod]ns may1 inde$1 le>n some?+ f ! ?\ght ( ! pa/1 ev5 9 its mo/ fanta/ic aspects4 ,9 "o excursion at lea/1 namely1 ! essay on ,! ,cambridge ,platoni/s1 ,i h v5tur$ to deal ) a high] phase--p]haps ,i %\ld say ! highe/ phase--( ! ?\ght ( a bygone age1 to :i* ! mod]n _w may be completely debtor4 ,"s ,*>act]i/ics ( ,m$iaeval ,?\ght1 & ! two essays on ,al*emy1 h appe>$ 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society4 ,9 o!rs ,i h utilis$ mat]ial ,i h contribut$ to ,! ,occult ,review1 to ! editor ( :i* j\rnal my ?anks are due = p]mission s to d4 ,i h also to express my gratitude to ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,coll9s1 & o!rs to be ref]r$ to 9 due c\rse1 = p]mission "h to reproduce illu/rations ( :i* !y are ! copyright hold]s4 ,i h fur!r to (f] my he>ty ?anks to ,mr ,b4 ,r4 ,,r[bottom & my wife = valuable assi/ance 9 read+ ! pro(s4 ,h4 ,s4 ,r4 ,,blet*ley1 ,,bucks1 ,decemb] #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface444444444444444444444444444 ix ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations44444444444444444444 xiii #a4 ,,"s ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,m$iaeval ,,?\ght444444444 #a #b4 ,,py?agoras ,,& ,,8 ,,philosophy444444444444444 #h #c4 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,magic444444444444444444444 #be #d4 ,,sup]/itions ,,conc]n+ ,,birds 44444444444444 #cd #e4 ,,! ,,p[d] ,,( ,,sympa?y3 ,a ,,curi\s ,,m$ical ,,sup]/ition44 #dg #f4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,talismans444444444444444444 #eg #g4 ,,c]emonial ,,magic ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4444444444 #hg #h4 ,,ar*itectural ,,symbolism444444444444444444#aaa #i4 ,,! ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,philosoph]',s ,,/one444444444444#aba #aj4 ,,! ,,phallic ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,al*emical ,,doctr9e444444444#adi #aa4 ,,rog] ,,bacon3 ,,an ,,appreciation444444444444444#ahc #ab4 ,,! ,,cambridge ,,platoni/s444444444444444444#aic ! ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations are incomplete & raw ,,ocr output6 ,,page #df4 ,symbolic ,al*emical ,design f ,mutus ,lib] 7#afgg74 ,,plate3 #be1 to face p4#agf #dg4 ,symbolic ,al*emical ,design illu/rat+ ! ,"w ( ,woman1 f ,,mai]'s ,atalanta ,fugi5s44411 #bf111 #agh #dh4 ,symbolic ,al*emica ,design1 ,h]maphrodite1 f ,,mai]'s ,atalanta ,fugi5s4411 #bg111 #ahj #di4 ,,rog] ,,bacon pres5t+ a ,book to a ,k+1 f a ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,m9iature 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d44411 #bh111 #ahd #ej4 ,,rog] ,,bacon1 f a ,portrait 9 ,knole ,ca/le4411 #bi111 #ahh #ea4 ,,b5jam9 ,,:i*cote1 f an engrav$ ,portrait by ,,rob]t ,,:ite4444#cj444aid #eb4 ,,h5ry ,,m1 f a ,portrait by ,,david ,,loggan1 engrav$ ad vivum1 #afgi 44411 #ca111 #aih #ec4 ,,ralph ,,cudwor?1 f an engrav$ ,portrait by ,,v]tue1 aft] ,,loggan1 =m+ ! ,frontispiece to ,,cudwor?'s ,treatise ,conc]n+ ,morality 7#agca7 11 #cb111 #c ,,bygone ,,beliefs ,i4 ,,"s ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,m$aeval ,,?\ght ,,9 ! e>lie/ days ( 8 upw>d evolution man 0 satisfi$ ) a v crude explanation ( natural ph5om5a--t to :i* ! "n animism has be5 giv54 ,9 ?is /age ( m5tal developm5t all ! v>i\s =ces ( ,nature are p]sonifi$3 ! ru%+ torr5t1 ! deva/at+ fire1 ! w9d ru/l+ ! =e/ leaves--9 ! m9d ( ! animi/ic savage all ^! are p]sonalities1 spirits1 l himself1 b animat$ by motives m or less antagoni/ic to him4 ,i suppose t no possible exception c\ld be tak5 to ! /atem5t t mod]n sci5ce r5d]s animism impossible4 ,b let u inquire 9 exactly :at s5se ?is is true4 ,x is n true t sci5ce robs natural ph5om5a ( _! spiritual significance4 ,! mi/ake is (t5 made ( suppos+ t sci5ce expla9s1 or endeav\rs to expla91 ph5om5a4 ,b t is ! bus9ess ( philosophy4 ,! task sci5ce attempts is ! simpl] "o ( ! correlation ( natural ph5om5a1 & 9 ?is ef=t leaves ! ultimate problems ( metaphysics unt\*$4 ,a univ]se1 h[ev]1 ^: ph5om5a are n only capable ( "s degree ( correlation1 b pres5t ! extraord9>y degree ( h>mony & unity :i* sci5ce makes manife/ 9 ,nature1 _c be1 z 9 animism1 ! product ( a va/ numb] ( inco-ord9at$ & antagoni/ic wills1 b mu/ ei!r be ! product ( "o ,w1 or n ! product ( w at all4 ,! latt] alt]native means t ! ,cosmos is inexplicable1 :i* n only man's gr[+ exp]i5ce1 b ! fact t man & ! univ]se =m ess5tially a unity1 =bid u to believe4 ,! t]m an?ropomorphic is too easily appli$ to philosophical sy/ems1 z if x con/itut$ a criticism ( _! validity4 ,= if x be true1 z all mu/ admit1 t ! unkn[n c only be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( ! kn[n1 !n ! univ]se mu/ ei!r be expla9$ 9 t]ms ( man--i4e4 9 t]ms ( w or desire--or rema9 incompreh5sible4 ,t is to say1 a philosophy mu/ ei!r be an?ropomorphic1 or no philosophy at all4 ,?us a metaphysical scrut9y ( ! results ( mod]n sci5ce leads u to a belief 9 ,god4 ,b man felt ! ne$ ( unity1 & crude animism1 ?\gh a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 fail$ to satisfy 8 ?\ght1 long be=e ! days ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,! spirits ( animism1 h[ev]1 7 n disc>d$1 b 7 modifi$1 co-ord9at$1 & work$ into a sy/em z s]vants ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,poly!ism may m>k a /age 9 ?is process2 or1 p]haps1 x 0 a result ( m5tal deg5]acy4 ,:at ,i may t]m sy/ematis$ z di/+ui%$ f crude animism p]si/$ ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! "w ( sy/ematisation _h already be5 accompli%$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 by ! ,neo-,platoni/s & :oev] 7 responsible = ! ,kabala4 ,x is true t ^! ma9 s\rces ( magical or animi/ic philosophy rema9$ hidd5 dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ,middle ,ages2 b at ab\t _! close ! y\?ful & en?usia/ic ,,cornelius ,,agrippa 7#adhf-aece77a7 slak$ 8 ?ir/ !reat & produc$ 8 own attempt at ! sy/ematisation ( magical belief 9 ! fam\s ,?ree ,books ( ,occult ,philosophy4 ,b ! wat]s ( magical philosophy rea*$ ! m$iaeval m9d ?r\gh v>i\s devi\s *annels1 traditional on ! "o h& & lit]>y on ! o!r4 ,& ( ! latt]1 ! works ( pseudo-,,dionysius17#b7 ^: imm5se influ5ce ^u m$iaeval ?\ght has sometimes be5 neglect$1 mu/ c]ta9ly be not$4 7#a7 ,! /ory ( 8 life has be5 admirably told by ,,h5ry ,,morley 7#b vols41 #ahef74 7#b7 ,^! writ+s 7 fir/ he>d ( 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! six? c5tury1 & 7 probably ! "w ( a ,syrian monk ( t date1 :o fa!r$ !m on to ,,dionysius ! ,areopagite z a pi\s fraud4 ,see ,dean ,,+e',s ,*ri/ian ,my/icism 7#ahii71 pp4 #ajd--abb1 & ,,vaughan',s ,h\rs ) ! ,my/ics 7#g? ed41 #ahie71 vol4 i4 pp4 #aaa-abd4 ,! books h be5 translat$ into ,engli% by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,p>k] 7#b vols4#ahig-ahii71 :o believes 9 ! g5u95ess ( _! alleg$ au?or%ip4 ,! mo/ obvi\s example ( a m$iaeval animi/ic belief is t 9 elem5tals--! spirits :i* p]sonify ! primordial =ces ( ,nature1 & are symbolis$ by ! f\r elem5ts1 imman5t 9 :i* !y 7 suppos$ to exi/1 & ?r\gh :i* !y 7 held to manife/ _! p[]s4 ,& a/rology1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is ess5tially a sy/ematis$ animism4 ,! />s1 to ! anci5ts1 7 n mat]ial bodies l ! e>?1 b spiritual be+s4 ,,plato 7#dbg-cdg ,b4,c47 speaks ( !m z gods4 ,m$iaeval ?\ght did n reg>d !m 9 q ?is way4 ,b = ^? :o believ$ 9 a/rology1 & few1 ,i ?9k1 did n1 ! />s 7 /ill symbols ( spiritual =ces op]ative on man4 ,evid5ces ( ! wide ext5t ( a/rological belief 9 ^? days are abundant1 _m in/ances ( :i* we %all d\btless enc\nt] 9 our excursions4 ,x has be5 said t ! !ological & philosophical atmosph]e ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 s*ola/ic1 n my/ical4 ,no d\bt my/icism1 z a mode ( life aim+ at ! realisation ( ! pres5ce ( ,god1 is z di/9ct f s*ola/icism z empiricism is f rationalism1 or t\gh-m9d$ philosophy 7to use ,,james' happy phrase7 is f t5d]-m9d$4 ,b no philosophy c be absolutely & purely d$uctive4 ,x mu/ />t f c]ta9 empirically det]m9$ facts4 ,a man might be an extreme empirici/ 9 religion 7i4e4 a my/ic71 & yet might attempt to d$uce all o!r =ms ( k f ! results ( 8 religi\s exp]i5ces1 nev] c>+ to ga!r exp]i5ce 9 any o!r realm4 ,h5ce ! brea* betwe5 my/icism & s*ola/icism is n really s wide z may appe> at fir/ sight4 ,inde$1 s*ola/icism (ficially recognis$ ?ree bran*es ( !ology1 ( :i* ! ,,my/ical 0 "o4 ,i ?9k t my/icism & s*ola/icism bo? _h a pr(\nd influ5ce on ! m$iaeval m9d1 sometimes act+ z oppos+ =ces1 sometimes op]at+ h>moni\sly ) "o ano!r4 ,z ,pr(essor ,,w9delb& puts x3 ,we no long] onesid$ly *>act]ise ! philosophy ( ! middle ages z s*ola/icism1 b r place my/icism beside x z ( equal rank1 & ev5 z be+ ! m fruitful & promis+ movem5t47#a7 7#a7 ,pr(essor ,,wilhelm ,,w9delb&1 ,ph4,d43 ,pres5t-,day ,my/icism1 ,! ,que/1 vol4 iv4 7#aiac71 ,p4 #bje4 ,al*emy1 ) its f\r ,ari/otelian or s*ola/ic elem5ts & its ?ree my/ical pr9ciples--sulphur1 m]cury1 salt1--mu/ be cit$ z ! out/&+ product ( ! comb9$ influ5ce ( my/icism & s*ola/icism3 ( my/icism1 :i* po/ulat$ ! unity ( ! ,cosmos1 & h5ce taught t ev]y?+ natural is ! expressive image & type ( "s sup]natural reality2 ( s*ola/icism1 :i* taught m5 to rely ^u d$uction & to re/rict exp]im5tation to ! smalle/ possible limits4 ,! m9d naturally proce$s f ! kn[n1 or f :at is suppos$ to be kn[n1 to ! unkn[n4 ,inde$1 z ,i h already indicat$1 x mu/ s proce$ if tru? is to be ga9$4 ,n[ :at did ! m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages reg>d z fall+ into ! category ( ! kn[n8 ,:y1 surely1 ! tru?s ( reveal$ religion1 :e!r accept$ ^u au?ority or ^u ! evid5ce ( _! own exp]i5ce4 ,! realm ( spiritual & moral reality3 !re1 !y felt1 !y 7 on firm gr\nd4 ,nature 0 a realm unkn[n2 b !y _h analogy to guide1 or1 r1 misguide !m4 ,nev]!less if1 z we "k1 x misguid$1 ?is 0 n1 ,i ?9k1 because ! my/ical doctr9e ( ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! spiritual & ! natural is uns\nd1 b because ^! anci5t seek]s into ,nature's secrets knew s little1 & s frequ5tly misappli$ :at !y did "k4 ,s al*emical philosophy arose & became sy/ematis$1 ) its wond]ful endeav\r to p]fect ! base metals by ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one--! conc5trat$ ,ess5ce ( ,nature1--z man's s\l is p]fect$ ?r\gh ! life-giv+ p[] ( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,i want1 9 conclusion to ^! brief introductory rem>ks1 to say a few words conc]n+ phallicism 9 connection ) my topic4 ,= "s t5d]-m9d$7#a7 &1 to my ?\ght1 obscure1 reason ! subject is taboo$4 ,ev5 ! ,briti% ,museum does n include works on phallicism 9 its catalogue1 & special p]mission has to be obta9$ to consult !m4 ,yet ! subject is ( va/ importance z conc]ns ! orig9 & developm5t ( religion & philosophy1 & ! ext5t ( phallic wor%ip may be ga!r$ f ! widespread occurr5ce ( obelisks & simil> objects among/ anci5t relics4 ,our own maypole dances may be in/anc$ z "o survival ( ! anci5t wor%ip ( ! male g5]ative pr9ciple4 7#a7 ,i "h use ! t]m ) ! ext5d$ mean+ ,mr ,h4 ,g4 ,,wells has giv5 to x4 ,see ,! ,new ,ma*iavelli4 ,:at c\ld be m easy to und]/& ?an t1 :5 man fir/ que/ion$ z to ! creation ( ! e>?1 he %\ld suppose x to h be5 g5]at$ by "s process analog\s to t :i* he saw held 9 ! case ( man8 ,h[ else c\ld he acc\nt = its orig91 if k mu/ proce$ f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n8 ,no "o que/ions at all t ! wor%ip ( ! human g5]ative organs z symbols ( ! dual g5]ative pr9ciple ( ,nature deg5]at$ into orgies ( ! mo/ frightful "*1 b ! view ( ,nature :i* ?us deg5]at$ is n1 ,i ?9k1 an altoge!r uns\nd "o1 & v int]e/+ remnants ( x are to be f\nd 9 m$iaeval philosophy4 ,^! remnants are v m>k$ 9 al*emy4 ,! metals1 z ,i h sugge/$1 are !re reg>d$ z types ( man2 h5ce !y are produc$ f se$1 ?r\gh ! comb9ation ( male & female pr9ciples--m]cury & sulphur1 :i* on ! spiritual plane are intellig5ce & love4 ,! same is true ( t ,/one :i* is p]fect ,man4 ,z ,,b]n>d ( ,,trevisan 7#adjf-adij7 wrote 9 ! fifte5? c5tury3 ,?is ,/one !n is comp\nd$ ( a ,body & ,_s1 or ( a volatile & fix$ ,sub/ance1 & t is !re=e done1 because no?+ 9 ! ,_w c be g5]at$ & br\ght to light )\t ^! two ,sub/ances1 to wit1 a ,male & ,female3 ,f :5ce x appe>e?1 t al?\gh ^! two ,sub/ances are n ( "o & ! same species1 yet "o ,/one do? !nce arise1 & al?\gh !y appe> & are said to be two ,sub/ances1 yet 9 tru? x is b "o1 to wit1 ,arg5t-vive47#a7 ,no d\bt ?is s\nds fanta/ic2 b ) all _! seem+ intellectual follies ^! old ?9k]s 7 no fools4 ,! fact ( sex is ! mo/ fundam5tal fact ( ! univ]se1 & is a spiritual & physical z well z a physiological fact4 ,i %all deal ) ! subject z conc]ns ! speculations ( ! al*emi/s 9 "s detail 9 a lat] excursion4 7#a7 ,,b]n>d1 ,e>l ( ,,trevisan3 ,a ,treatise ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 #afhc4 7,see ,collectanea ,*ymica3 ,a ,collection ( ,t5 ,sev]al ,treatises 9 ,*emi/ry1 #afhd1 p4 #ia47 ,,ii4 ,,py?agoras ,,& ,,8 ,,philosophy ,,x is a matt] = endur+ regret t s little is kn[n to u conc]n+ ,,py?agoras4 ,:at little we d "k s]ves b to enhance = u ! int]e/ ( ! man & 8 philosophy1 to make him1 9 _m ways1 ! mo/ attractive ( ,greek ?9k]s2 &1 bas+ our e/imate on ! ext5t ( 8 influ5ce on ! ?\ght ( succe$+ ages1 we recognise 9 him "o ( ! _w's ma/]-m9ds4 ,,py?agoras 0 born ab\t #ehb ,b4,c4 at ,samos1 "o ( ! ,grecian isles4 ,9 8 y\? he came 9 contact ) ,,?ales--! ,fa!r ( ,geometry1 z he is well call$1--& ?\gh he did n become a memb] ( ,,?ales' s*ool1 8 contact ) ! latt] no d\bt help$ to turn 8 m9d t[>ds ! /udy ( geometry4 ,?is int]e/ f\nd ! "r gr\nd = its developm5t 9 ,egypt1 :i* he visit$ :5 /ill "y4 ,egypt is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! bir?place ( geometry1 ! subject hav+1 x is suppos$1 be5 =c$ on ! m9ds ( ! ,egyptians by ! necessity ( fix+ ! b\nd>ies ( l&s aga9/ ! annual ov]fl[+ ( ! ,nile4 ,b ! ,egyptians 7 :at is call$ an ess5tially practical p1 & _! geometrical k did n ext5d beyond a few empirical rules useful = fix+ ^! b\nd>ies & 9 con/ruct+ _! temples4 ,/rik+ evid5ce ( ?is fact is suppli$ by ! ,,ahmes papyrus1 compil$ "s little "t be=e #agjj ,b4,c4 f an old] "w dat+ f ab\t #cdjj ,b4,c417#a7 a papyrus :i* almo/ c]ta9ly repres5ts ! highe/ ma!matical k rea*$ by ! ,egyptians ( t day4 ,geometry is treat$ v sup]ficially & z ( subsidi>y int]e/ to ari?metic2 !re is no ord]$ s]ies ( reason$ geometrical propositions giv5--no?+1 inde$1 beyond isolat$ rules1 & ( ^! "s are want+ 9 accuracy4 7#a7 ,see ,,augu/ ,,eis5lohr3 ,e9 ma!matis*es ,h&bu* d] alt5 ,aegypt] 7#ahgg72 ,j4 ,g[3 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,ma!matics 7#ahhd72 & ,v4 ,e4 ,,johnson3 ,egyptian ,sci5ce f ! ,monum5ts & ,anci5t ,books 7#ahia74 ,"o geometrical fact kn[n to ! ,egyptians 0 t if a triangle be con/ruct$ hav+ its sides #c1 #d1 & #e units long respectively1 !n ! angle opposite ! longe/ side is exactly a "r angle2 & ! ,egyptian build]s us$ ?is rule = con/ruct+ walls p]p5dicul> to ea* o!r1 employ+ a cord graduat$ 9 ! requir$ mann]4 ,! ,greek m9d 0 n1 h[ev]1 satisfi$ ) ! bald /atem5t ( m]e facts--x c>$ little = practical applications1 b s\ght above all = ! und]ly+ ,,reason ( ev]y?+4 ,n[adays we are beg9n+ to realise t ! results a*iev$ by ?is type ( m9d1 ! g5]al laws ( ,nature's behavi\r =mulat$ by its endeav\rs1 are frequ5tly ( imm5se practical importance--( f> m importance ?an ! m]e rules-(-?umb beyond :i* s-call$ practical m9ds nev] advance4 ,! classic example ( ! utility ( seem+ly useless k is af=d$ by ,sir ,,william ,,hamilton',s discov]y1 or1 r1 inv5tion ( ,qu>t]nions1 b no bett] example ( ! utilit>ian triumph ( ! !oretical ov] ! s-call$ practical m9d c be adduc$ ?an t af=d$ by ,,py?agoras4 ,giv5 ?is rule = con/ruct+ a "r angle1 ab\t ^: reason ! ,egyptian :o us$ x nev] bo!r$ himself1 & ! m9d ( ,,py?agoras1 se>*+ = its full significance1 made t gigantic geometrical discov]y :i* is to ?is day kn[n z ! ,!orem ( ,,py?agoras--! law t 9 e "r-angl$ triangle ! squ>e on ! side opposite ! "r angle is equal 9 area to ! sum ( ! squ>es on ! o!r two sides47#a7 ,! importance ( ?is discov]y c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,x is ( fundam5tal importance 9 mo/ bran*es ( geometry1 & ! basis ( ! :ole ( trigonometry--! special bran* ( geometry t deals ) ! practical m5suration ( triangles4 ,,euclid devot$ ! :ole ( ! fir/ book ( 8 ,elem5ts ( ,geometry to e/abli%+ ! tru? ( ?is !orem2 h[ ,,py?agoras demon/rat$ x we un=tunately d n "k4 7#a7 ,fig4 #c af=ds an int]e/+ practical demon/ration ( ! tru? ( ?is !orem4 ,if ! read] w copy ?is figure1 cut out ! squ>es on ! two %ort] sides ( ! triangle & divide !m along ! l9es ,,ad1 ,,be1 ,,ef1 he w f9d t ! five pieces s obta9$ c be made exactly to fit ! squ>e on ! longe/ side z %[n by ! dott$ l9es4 ,! size & %ape ( ! triangle ,,abc1 s long z x has a "r angle at ,c1 is immat]ial4 ,! l9es ,,ad1 ,,be are obta9$ by cont9u+ ! sides ( ! squ>e on ! side ,,ab1 i4e4 ! side opposite ! "r angle1 & ,,ef is drawn at "r angles to ,,be4 ,aft] absorb+ :at k 0 to be ga9$ 9 ,egypt1 ,,py?agoras j\rney$ to ,babylon1 :]e he probably came into contact ) ev5 great] traditions & m pot5t influ5ces & s\rces ( k ?an 9 ,egypt1 = !re is reason = believ+ t ! anci5t ,*aldeans 7 ! build]s ( ! ,pyramids & 9 _m ways ! intellectual sup]iors ( ! ,egyptians4 ,at la/1 aft] hav+ travell$ /ill fur!r ,ea/1 probably z f> z ,india1 ,,py?agoras return$ to 8 bir?place to tea* ! m5 ( 8 native l& ! k he _h ga9$4 ,b ,,croesus 0 tyrant ov] ,samos1 & s oppressive 0 8 rule t none _h leisure 9 :i* to le>n4 ,n a /ud5t came to ,,py?agoras1 until1 9 despair1 s ! /ory runs1 he (f]$ to pay an artisan if he w\ld b le>n geometry4 ,! man accept$1 & lat]1 :5 ,,py?agoras pret5d$ inability any long] to cont9ue ! paym5ts1 he (f]$1 s fasc9at+ did he f9d ! subject1 to pay 8 tea*] in/ead if ! lessons might only be cont9u$4 ,,py?agoras no d\bt 0 mu* gratifi$ at ?is2 & ! motto he adopt$ = 8 great ,bro!rhood1 ( :i* we %all make ! acqua9tance 9 a mom5t1 0 9 all likelihood bas$ on ?is ev5t4 ,x ran1 ,hon\r a figure & a /ep be=e a figure & a tribolus2 or1 z a fre] translation r5d]s x3-- ,a figure & a /ep onw>d ,n a figure & a flor94 ,at all ev5ts1 z ,mr ,,frankl& rem>ks1 ! motto is a la/+ witness to a v s+ul> devotion to k = its own sake47#a7 7#a7 ,w4 ,b4 ,,frankl&1 ,m4,a43 ,! ,/ory ( ,euclid 7#aijb71 p4 #cc ,b ,,py?agoras ne$$ a great] audi5ce ?an "o man1 h[ev] en?usia/ic a pupil he might be1 & he left ,samos = ,s\!rn ,italy1 ! ri* inhabitants ( ^: cities _h bo? ! leisure & incl9ation to /udy4 ,delphi1 f>-fam$ = its ,oracles1 0 visit$ en r\te1 & ,,py?agoras1 aft] a soj\rn at ,t>5tum1 settl$ at ,croton1 :]e he ga!r$ ab\t him a great b& ( pupils1 ma9ly "y p ( ! ari/ocratic class4 ,by cons5t ( ! ,s5ate ( ,croton1 he =m$ out ( ^! a great philosophical bro!rhood1 ^: memb]s liv$ ap>t f ! ord9>y p1 =m+1 z x 71 a sep>ate community4 ,!y 7 b\nd to ,,py?agoras by ! close/ ties ( admiration & rev]5ce1 &1 = ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 discov]ies made by ,py?agoreans 7 inv>iably attribut$ to ! ,ma/]1 a fact :i* makes x v difficult exactly to gauge ! ext5t ( ,,py?agoras' own k & a*ievem5ts4 ,! regime ( ! ,bro!rhood1 or ,py?agorean ,ord]1 0 a /rict "o1 entail+ high ?9k+ & l[ liv+ at all times4 ,a re/rict$ diet1 ! exact nature ( :i* is 9 dispute1 0 obs]v$ by all memb]s1 & long p]iods ( sil5ce1 z conducive to deep ?9k+1 7 impos$ on novices4 ,wom5 7 admitt$ to ! ,ord]1 & ,,py?agoras' asceticism did n prohibit romance1 = we read t "o ( 8 fair pupils won h] way to 8 he>t1 &1 decl>+ h] affection = him1 f\nd x reciprocat$ & became 8 wife4 ,,s*ure writes3 ,by 8 m>riage ) ,!ano1 ,py?agoras affix$ ! seal ( realization to 8 "w4 ,! union & fusion ( ! two lives 0 complete4 ,"o day :5 ! ma/]'s wife 0 ask$ :at l5g? ( "t elaps$ be=e a woman c\ld become pure aft] int]c\rse ) a man1 %e repli$3 ',if x is ) h] husb&1 %e is pure all ! "t2 if ) ano!r man1 %e is nev] pure4' ,_m wom51 adds ! writ]1 w\ld smil+ly rem>k t to give su* a reply "o mu/ be ! wife ( ,py?agoras1 & love him z ,!ano did4 ,& !y w\ld be 9 ! "r1 = x is n m>riage t sanctifies love1 x is love :i* ju/ifies m>riage47#a7 7#a7 ,,ed\>d ,,s*ure3 ,py?agoras & ! ,delphic ,my/]ies1 trans4 by ,f4 ,,ro?well1 ,b4,a4 7#aijf71 pp4 #afd & #afe4 ,,py?agoras 0 n m]ely a ma!matician1 he 0 fir/ & =emo/ a philosoph]1 ^: philosophy f\nd 9 numb] ! basis ( all ?+s1 because numb]1 = him1 alone possess$ /ability ( relation%ip4 ,z ,i h rem>k$ on a =m] occasion1 ,! !ory t ! ,cosmos has its orig9 & explanation 9 ,numb]444 is "o = :i* x is n difficult to acc\nt if we take into consid]ation ! nature ( ! times 9 :i* x 0 =mulat$4 ,! ,greek ( ! p]iod1 look+ ^u ,nature1 beheld no picture ( h>mony1 uni=mity & fundam5tal unity4 ,! out] _w appe>$ to him r z a discordant *aos1 ! m]e sport & play?+ ( ! gods4 ,! !ory ( ! uni=mity ( ,nature--t ,nature is ev] l to h]self--! v ess5ce ( ! mod]n sci5tific _s1 _h yet to be born ( ye>s ( unwe>i$ lab\r & unceas+ delv+ into ,nature's inn]mo/ secrets4 ,only 9 ,ma!matics--9 ! prop]ties ( geometrical figures1 & ( numb]s--0 ! reign ( law1 ! pr9ciple ( h>mony1 p]ceivable4 ,ev5 at ?is pres5t day :5 ! m>vell\s has become commonplace1 t prop]ty ( "r-angl$ triangles444 already discuss$444 comes to ! m9d z a rem>kable & notable fact3 x mu/ h seem$ a /up5d\s m>vel to its discov]]1 to :om1 x appe>s1 ! regul> alt]nation ( ! odd & ev5 numb]s1 a fact s obvi\s to u t we are incl9$ to atta* no importance to x1 seem$1 itself1 to be some?+ wond]ful4 ,"h 9 ,geometry & ,ari?metic1 "h 0 ord] & h>mony unsurpass$ & unsurpassable4 ,:at wond] !n t ,py?agoras conclud$ t ! solution ( ! mighty riddle ( ! ,univ]se 0 conta9$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,geometry8 ,:at wond] t he read my/ic mean+s into ! laws ( ,ari?metic1 & believ$ ,numb] to be ! explanation & orig9 ( all t is87#a7 7#a7 ,a ,ma!matical ,!ory ( ,_s 7#aiab71 pp4 #fd-fe4 ,no d\bt ! ,py?agorean !ory suff]s f a defect simil> to t ( ! ,kabali/ic doctr9e1 :i*1 />t+ f ! fact t all words are compos$ ( lett]s1 repres5t+ ! prim>y s\nds ( language1 ma9ta9$ t all ! ?+s repres5t$ by ^! words 7 creat$ by ,god by means ( ! tw5ty-two lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,b at ! same "t ! ,py?agorean !ory c]ta9ly embodies a consid]able elem5t ( tru?4 ,mod]n sci5ce demon/rates no?+ m cle>ly ?an ! importance ( num]ical relation%ips4 ,inde$1 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce %[s u ! gradual trans=mation ( crude facts ( exp]i5ce into increas+ly exact g5]alisations by ! application to !m ( ma!matics4 ,! enorm\s advances t h be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s 9 physics & *emi/ry are v l>gely due to ma!matical me?ods ( int]pret+ & co-ord9at+ facts exp]im5tally reveal$1 :]eby fur!r exp]im5ts h be5 sugge/$1 ! results ( :i* h !mselves be5 ma!matically int]pret$4 ,bo? physics & *emi/ry1 especially ! =m]1 are n[ highly ma!matical4 ,9 ! biological sci5ces & especially 9 psy*ology x is true t ma!matical me?ods are1 z yet1 n s l>gely employ$4 ,b ^! sci5ces are f> less highly develop$1 f> less exact & sy/ematic1 t is to say1 f> less sci5tific1 at pres5t1 ?an is ei!r physics or *emi/ry4 ,h[ev]1 ! application ( /ati/ical me?ods promises good results1 & !re are n want+ g5]alisations already arriv$ at :i* are expressible ma!matically2 ,web]'s ,law 9 psy*ology1 & ! law conc]n+ ! arrangem5t ( ! leaves ab\t ! /ems ( plants 9 biology1 may be in/anc$ z cases 9 po9t47#a7 7#a7 ,quot$ f a lecture by ! pres5t writ] on ,! ,law ( ,correspond5ces ,ma!matically ,consid]$1 deliv]$ be=e ,! ,!ological & ,philosophical ,society on #bf? ,april #aiab1 & publi%$ 9 ,morn+ ,light1 vol4 xxxv 7#aiab71 p4 #dcd et seq4 ,! ,py?agorean doctr9e ( ! ,cosmos1 9 its mo/ reasonable =m1 h[ev]1 is confront$ ) "o great difficulty :i* x seems incapable ( ov]com+1 namely1 t ( cont9uity4 ,mod]n sci5ce1 ) its atomic !ories ( matt] & electricity1 does1 inde$1 %[ u t ! app>5t cont9uity ( mat]ial ?+s is spuri\s1 t all mat]ial ?+s consi/ ( discrete p>ticles1 & are h5ce measurable 9 num]ical t]ms4 ,b mod]n sci5ce is also oblig$ to po/ulate an e!r beh9d ^! atoms1 an e!r :i* is :olly cont9u\s1 & h5ce transc5ds ! doma9 ( numb]47#a7 ,x is true t1 9 q rec5t times1 a c]ta9 s*ool ( ?\ght has argu$ t ! e!r is also atomic 9 con/itution--t all ?+s1 inde$1 h a gra9$ /ructure1 ev5 =ces be+ made up ( a l>ge numb] ( quantums or indivisible units ( =ce4 ,b ?is view has n ga9$ g5]al acceptance1 & x seems to necessitate ! po/ulation ( an e!r beyond ! e!r1 fill+ ! int]spaces betwe5 its atoms1 to obviate ! difficulty ( conceiv+ ( action at a di/ance4 7#a7 ,cf4 *ap4 iii41 ,on ,nature z ! ,embodim5t ( ,numb]1 ( my ,a ,ma!matical ,!ory ( ,_s1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,accord+ to ,,b]gson1 life--! reality t c only be liv$1 n und]/ood--is absolutely cont9u\s 7i4e4 n am5able to num]ical treatm5t74 ,x is because life is absolutely cont9u\s t we _c1 he says1 und]/& x2 = reason acts discont9u\sly1 grasp+ only1 s to speak1 a c9ematographic view ( life1 made up ( an imm5se numb] ( in/antane\s glimpses4 ,all t passes betwe5 ! glimpses is lo/1 & s ! true :ole1 reason c nev] syn!sise f t :i* x possesses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o might also argue--ext5d+1 9 a way1 ! tea*+ ( ! physical sci5ces ( ! p]iod betwe5 ! po/ulation ( ,,dalton',s atomic !ory & ! discov]y ( ! significance ( ! e!r ( space--t reality is ess5tially discont9u\s1 our idea t x is cont9u\s be+ a m]e illusion aris+ f ! co>s5ess ( our s5ses4 ,t might provide a complete v9dication ( ! ,py?agorean view2 b a bett] v9dication1 if n ( t !ory1 at any rate ( ,,py?agoras' philosophical attitude1 is =?com+1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! fact t mod]n ma!matics has transc5d$ ! %ackles ( numb]1 & has enl>g$ h] k+dom1 s z to include quantities o!r ?an num]ical4 ,,py?agoras1 _h he be5 born 9 ^! latt] c5turies1 w\ld surely h rejoic$ 9 ?is1 enl>gem5t1 :]eby ! cont9u\s z well z ! discont9u\s is br\ght1 if n "u ! rule ( numb]1 "u ! rule ( ma!matics inde$4 ,,py?agoras' =emo/ a*ievem5t 9 ma!matics ,i h already m5tion$4 ,ano!r notable piece ( "w 9 ! same dep>tm5t 0 ! discov]y ( a me?od ( con/ruct+ a p>allelogram hav+ a side equal to a giv5 l9e1 an angle equal to a giv5 angle1 & its area equal to t ( a giv5 triangle4 ,,py?agoras is said to h celebrat$ ?is discov]y by ! sacrifice ( a :ole ox4 ,! problem appe>s 9 ! fir/ book ( ,,euclid',s ,elem5ts ( ,geometry z proposition #dd4 ,9 fact1 _m ( ! propositions ( ,,euclid',s fir/1 second1 f\r?1 & six? books 7 work$ out by ,,py?agoras & ! ,py?agoreans2 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 !y seem greatly to h neglect$ ! geometry ( ! circle4 ,! symmetrical solids 7 reg>d$ by ,,py?agoras1 & by ! ,greek ?9k]s aft] him1 z ( ! greate/ importance4 ,to be p]fectly symmetrical or regul>1 a solid mu/ h an equal numb] ( faces meet+ at ea* ( its angles1 & ^! faces mu/ be equal regul> polygons1 i4e4 figures ^: sides & angles are all equal4 ,,py?agoras1 p]haps1 may be cr$it$ ) ! great discov]y t !re are only five su* solids4 ,^! are z foll[s3-- ,! ,tetrah$ron1 hav+ f\r equilat]al triangles z faces4 ,! ,cube1 hav+ six squ>es z faces4 ,! ,octah$ron1 hav+ eight equilat]al triangles z faces4 ,! ,dodecah$ron1 hav+ twelve regul> p5tagons 7or five-sid$ figures7 z faces4 ,! ,icosah$ron1 hav+ tw5ty equilat]al triangles z faces47#a7 7#a7 ,if ! read] w copy figs4 #d to #h on c>dbo>d or /iff pap]1 b5d ea* along ! dott$ l9es s z to =m a solid1 fa/5+ toge!r ! free edges ) gumm$ pap]1 he w be 9 possession ( models ( ! five solids 9 "q4 ,n[1 ! ,greeks believ$ ! _w to be compos$ ( f\r elem5ts--e>?1 air1 fire1 wat]1--& to ! ,greek m9d ! conclusion 0 inevitable7#b;a7 t ! %apes ( ! p>ticles ( ! elem5ts 7 ^? ( ! regul> solids4 ,e>?-p>ticles 7 cubical1 ! cube be+ ! regul> solid possess$ ( greate/ /ability2 fire-p>ticles 7 tetrah$ral1 ! tetrah$ron be+ ! simple/ &1 h5ce1 lighte/ solid4 ,wat]-p>ticles 7 icosah$ral = exactly ! rev]se reason1 :il/ air-p>ticles1 z int]m$iate betwe5 ! two latt]1 7 octah$ral4 ,! dodecah$ron 01 to ^! anci5t ma!maticians1 ! mo/ my/]i\s ( ! solids3 x 0 by f> ! mo/ difficult to con/ruct1 ! accurate draw+ ( ! regul> p5tagon necessitat+ a r elaborate application ( ,,py?agoras' great !orem47#a7 ,h5ce ! conclusion1 z ,,plato put x1 t ?is 7! regul> dodecah$ron7 ! ,deity employ$ 9 trac+ ! plan ( ! ,univ]se47#b;b7 ,h5ce also ! high e/eem 9 :i* ! p5tagon 0 held by ! ,py?agoreans4 ,by produc+ ea* side ( ?is latt] figure ! five-po9t$ /> 7fig4 #i71 kn[n z ! p5tagram1 is obta9$4 ,?is 0 adopt$ by ! ,py?agoreans z ! badge ( _! ,society1 & = _m ages 0 held z a symbol possess$ ( magic p[]s4 ,! m$iaeval magicians made use ( x 9 _! evocations1 & z a talisman x 0 held 9 ! highe/ e/eem4 7#b;a7 ,cf4 ,,plato3 ,! ,timaeus1 ,,sese xxviii--xxx4 7#a7 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is matt] ,,frankl& rem>ks3 ,9 ^? e>ly days ! inn]mo/ secrets ( nature lay 9 ! lap ( geometry1 & ! extraord9>y inf]5ce foll[s t ,euclid's ,elem5ts1 :i* are devot$ to ! inve/igation ( ! regul> solids1 are !re=e 9 reality & at bottom an attempt to 'solve ! univ]se4' ,euclid1 9 fact1 made ?is goal ( ! ,py?agoreans ! aim ( 8 ,elem5ts4--,op4 cit41 p4 #ce4 7#b;b7 ,op4 cit41 ,,se xxix4 ,music play$ an important "p 9 ! curriculum ( ! ,py?agorean ,bro!rhood1 & ! important discov]y t ! relations betwe5 ! notes ( musical scales c be express$ by means ( numb]s is a ,py?agorean "o4 ,x mu/ h seem$ to its discov]]--z1 9 a s5se1 x inde$ is--a /rik+ confirmation ( ! num]ical !ory ( ! ,cosmos4 ,! ,py?agoreans held t ! positions ( ! heav5ly bodies 7 gov]n$ by simil> num]ical relations1 & t 9 consequ5ce _! motion 0 productive ( cele/ial music4 ,?is concept ( ! h>mony ( ! sph]es is among ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! ,py?agorean doctr9es1 & has f\nd ready acceptance 9 _m my/ically-speculative m9ds4 ,look h[ ! floor ( heav51 says ,lor5zo 9 ,,%akespe>e',s ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice-- 444 ,look h[ ! floor ( heav5 ,is ?ick inlaid ) pat9es ( bright gold3 ,!re's n ! smalle/ orb :i* ?\ behold's ,b 9 8 motion l an angel s+s1 ,/ill quir+ to ! "y-ey$ *]ub9s2 ,su* h>mony is 9 immortal s\ls2 ,b :il/ ?is muddy ve/ure ( decay ,do? grossly close x 91 we _c he> x47#a7 7#a7 ,act v4 sc5e i4 ,or1 z ,,k+sley writes 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 ,:5 ,i walk ! fields ,i am oppress$ e n[ & !n ) an innate feel+ t ev]y?+ ,i see has a mean+1 if ,i c\ld b und]/& x4 ,& ?is feel+ ( be+ surr\nd$ ) tru?s :i* ,i _c grasp1 am\nts to an indescribable awe sometimes6 ,ev]y?+ seems to be full ( ,god's reflex1 if we c\ld b see x4 ,oh6 h[ ,i h pray$ to h ! my/]y unfold$1 at lea/ h]eaft]4 ,to see1 if b = a mom5t1 ! :ole h>mony ( ! great sy/em6 ,to he> once ! music :i* ! :ole univ]se makes z x p]=ms ,8 bidd+67#a7 ,9 ?is connection may be m5tion$ ! v significant fact t ! ,py?agoreans did n consid] ! e>?1 9 accordance ) curr5t op9ion1 to be a /ation>y body1 b believ$ t x & ! o!r planets revolv$ ab\t a c5tral po9t1 or fire1 z !y call$ x4 7#a7 ,,*>les ,,k+sley3 ,8 ,lett]s & ,memories ( ,8 ,life1 edit$ by 8 wife 7#ahhc71 p4 #bh4 ,z conc]ns ,,py?agoras' e?ical tea*+1 judg+ f ! s-call$ ,gold5 ,v]ses attribut$ to him1 & no d\bt writt5 by "o ( 8 disciples17#b7 ?is w\ld appe> to be 9 "s respects simil> to t ( ! ,/oics :o came lat]1 b free f ! mat]ialism ( ! ,/oic doctr9es4 ,due reg>d = oneself is bl5d$ ) reg>d = ! gods & = o!r m51 ! atmosph]e ( ! :ole be+ at once rational & au/]e4 ,"o v]se--,?\ %alt likewise "k1 accord+ to ,ju/ice1 t ! nature ( ?is ,univ]se is 9 all ?+s alike7#c7--;is ( p>ticul> int]e/1 z %[+ ,,py?agoras' belief 9 t pr9ciple ( analogy--t ,:at is bel[ is z t :i* is above1 :at is above is z t :i* is bel[--:i* held s dom9ant a sway ov] ! m9ds ( anci5t & m$iaeval philosoph]s1 lead+ !m--9 spite1 ,i sugge/1 ( its fundam5tal tru?--into s _m fanta/ic errors1 z we %all see 9 future excursions4 ,metempsy*osis 0 ano!r ( ! ,py?agorean t5ets1 a fact :i* is int]e/+ 9 view ( ! mod]n revival ( ?is doctr9e4 ,,py?agoras1 no d\bt1 d]iv$ x f ! ,ea/1 app>5tly introduc+ x = ! fir/ "t to ,we/]n ?\ght4 7#b7 ,x seems probable1 ?\gh n c]ta91 t ,,py?agoras wrote no?+ himself1 b taught always by ! oral me?od4 7#c7 ,cf4 ! rem>ks ( ,,hi]ocles on ?is v]se 9 8 ,comm5t>y4 ,su*1 9 brief1 7 ! out/&+ doctr9es ( ! ,py?agorean ,bro!rhood4 ,_! tea*+s includ$1 z we h se51 :at may ju/ly be call$ sci5tific discov]ies ( ! fir/ importance1 z well z doctr9es :i*1 ?\gh we may feel compell$--p]haps rightly--to reg>d !m z fanta/ic n[1 _h an imm5se influ5ce on ! ?\ght ( succe$+ ages1 especially on ,greek philosophy z repres5t$ by ,,plato & ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 & ! m speculative m9ds--! occult philosoph]s1 %all ,i say8--( ! latt] m$iaeval p]iod & succe$+ c5turies4 ,! ,bro!rhood1 h[ev]1 0 n de/9$ to cont9ue its days 9 peace4 ,z ,i h indicat$1 x 0 a philosophical1 n a political1 association2 b naturally ,,py?agoras' philosophy includ$ political doctr9es4 ,at any rate1 ! ,bro!rhood acquir$ a consid]able %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,croton1 a fact :i* 0 greatly res5t$ by ! memb]s ( ! democratic p>ty1 :o fe>$ ! loss ( _! rights2 &1 urg$ !reto1 x is said1 by a reject$ applicant = memb]%ip ( ! ,ord]1 ! mob made an onslaught on ! ,bro!rhood's place ( assembly & burnt x to ! gr\nd4 ,"o acc\nt has x t ,,py?agoras himself di$ 9 ! conflagration1 a sacrifice to ! mad fury ( ! mob4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt--& we l to believe t ?is is ! true "o--he escap$ to ,t>5tum1 f :i* he 0 bani%$1 to f9d an asylum 9 ,metapontum1 :]e he liv$ 8 la/ ye>s 9 peace4 ,! ,py?agorean ,ord] 0 brok5 up1 b ! bonds ( bro!rhood /ill exi/$ betwe5 its memb]s4 ,"o ( !m :o _h fall5 ^u sickness & pov]ty 0 k9dly tak5 9 by an innkeep]4 ,be=e dy+ he trac$ a few my/]i\s signs 7! p5tagram1 no d\bt7 on ! door ( ! inn & said to ! ho/3 ',d n be uneasy1 "o ( my bro!rs w pay my debts4' ,a ye> aft]w>ds1 z a /rang] 0 pass+ by ?is inn he saw ! signs & said to ! ho/3 ',i am a ,py?agorean2 "o ( my bro!rs di$ "h2 tell me :at ,i owe y on 8 acc\nt4'7#a7 7#a7 ,,ed\>d ,,s*ure3 ,op4 cit41 p4 #agd4 ,9 endeav\r+ to e/imate ! wor? ( ,,py?agoras' discov]ies & tea*+1 ,mr ,,frankl& writes1 ) ref]5ce to 8 a*ievem5ts 9 geometry3 ,ev5 aft] mak+ a consid]able all[ance = 8 pupils' %>e1 ! ,ma/]'s geometrical "w calls = mu* admiration2 &1 444 x _c be f> wrong to suppose t x 0 ,py?agoras' wont to insi/ ^u pro(s1 & s to secure t rig\r :i* gives to ma!matics its hon\rable position among/ ! sci5ces4 ,& ( 8 "w 9 ari?metic1 music1 & a/ronomy1 ! same au?or writes3 444 ev]y:]e he appe>s to h inaugurat$ g5u9ely sci5tific me?ods1 & to h laid ! f\ndations ( a high & lib]al education2 add+1 ,= ne>ly a score ( c5turies1 to ! v close ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! f\r ,py?agorean subjects ( /udy--ari?metic1 geometry1 a/ronomy1 music--7 ! /aple educational c\rse1 & 7 b\nd toge!r into a f\rfold way ( k--! ,quadrivium47#a7 ,) ^! words ( due praise1 our pres5t excursion may fitt+ly close4 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #ce1 #cg1 & #ch4 ,,iii4 ,,m$ic9e ,,& ,,magic ,,!re are few tasks at once s in/ructive & s fasc9at+ z ! trac+ ( ! developm5t ( ! human m9d z manife/$ 9 ! evolution ( sci5tific & philosophical !ories4 ,& ?is is1 p]haps1 especially true :51 z 9 ! case ( m$ic9e1 ?is evolution has foll[$ pa?s s tortu\s1 int]sect$ by s _m fanta/ic byways1 t "o is n infrequ5tly d\btful z to ! true road4 ,! hi/ory ( m$ic9e is at once ! hi/ory ( human wisdom & ! hi/ory ( human cr$ulity & folly1 & ! romantic elem5t 7to use ! expression 9 its popul> acceptation7 ?us introduc$1 :il/ mak+ ! subject m ent]ta9+1 by no means detracts f its importance consid]$ psy*ologically4 ,to :om ! hon\r ( hav+ fir/ inv5t$ m$ic9es is due is unkn[n1 ! orig9s ( ph>macy be+ lo/ 9 ! twilight ( my?4 ,,osiris & ,,isis1 ,,bac*us1 ,,apollo fa!r ( ! fam\s physician ,,aesculapius1 & ,,*iron ! ,c5taur1 tutor ( ! latt]1 are among ! _m my?ological p]sonages :o h be5 accr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( physic4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! art ( comp\nd+ m$ic9es is extraord9>ily anci5t4 ,!re is a papyrus 9 ! ,briti% ,museum conta9+ m$ical prescriptions :i* 0 writt5 ab\t #abjj ,b4,c42 & ! fam\s ,,eb]s papyrus1 :i* is devot$ to m$ical matt]s1 is reckon$ to date f ab\t ! ye> #aeej ,b4,c4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 ! prescriptions giv5 9 ?is latt] papyrus1 z seems to h be5 ! case ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e1 ! pr9ciple t ! efficacy ( a m$ic9e is 9 proportion to its na/9ess appe>s to h be5 ! ma9 idea4 ,inde$1 _m old m$ic9es conta9$ +r$i5ts ( ! mo/ disgu/+ nature imag9able3 a m$iaeval rem$y kn[n z oil ( puppies1 made by cutt+ up two newly-born puppies & boil+ !m ) "o p\nd ( live e>?worms1 may be cit$ z a comp>atively pleasant example ( ! rem$ies 787 us$ 9 ! days :5 all sorts ( excreta 7 prescrib$ z m$ic9es47#a7 7#a7 ,see ! late ,mr ,a4 ,c4 ,,wootton',s excell5t "w1 ,*ronicles ( ,ph>macy 7#b vols1 #aiaj71 to :i* ,i gladly ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness4 ,presumably ! olde/ !ory conc]n+ ! causation ( disease is t :i* attributes all ! ills ( mank9d to ! malignant op]ations ( evil spirits1 a !ory :i* someone has r fancifully sugge/$ is n s errone\s aft] all1 if we may be all[$ to apply ! t]m evil spirits to ! microbes ( mod]n bact]iology4 ,remnants ( ?is !ory 7:i* does--%all ,i say8--conceal a transc5d5tal tru?71 t is1 9 its orig9al =m1 /ill survive to ! pres5t day 9 v>i\s sup]/iti\s cu/oms1 ^: absurdity does n ne$ emphasis+3 = example1 ! use ( r$ flannel by old-fa%ion$ folk ) :i* to tie up sore ?roats--r$ hav+ once be5 suppos$ to be a col\r v angatoni/ic to evil spirits2 s mu* s t at "o "t r$ clo? hung 9 ! pati5t's room 0 mu* employ$ z a cure = smallpox6 ,m$ic9e & magic h always be5 closely associat$4 ,inde$1 ! greate/ "n 9 ! hi/ory ( ph>macy is also :at is probably ! greate/ "n 9 ! hi/ory ( magic--! ref]5ce1 ( c\rse1 be+ to ,,p>acelsus 7#adic-aeda74 ,until ,,p>acelsus1 p>tly by 8 vigor\s invective & p>tly by 8 rem>kable cures ( v>i\s diseases1 demoli%$ ! old s*ool ( m$ic9e1 no "o d>$ conte/ ! au?ority ( ,,gal5 7#acj-;circa #bje7 & ,,avic5na 7#ihj--ajcg74 ,,gal5',s !ory ( disease 0 l>gely bas$ ^u t ( ! f\r hum\rs 9 man--bile1 blood1 phlegm1 & black bile1--:i* 7 reg>d$ z relat$ to 7b n id5tical )7 ! f\r elem5ts--fire1 air1 wat]1 & e>?1--be+ suppos$ to h *>act]s simil> to ^!4 ,?us1 to bile1 z to fire1 7 attribut$ ! prop]ties ( hotness & dryness2 to blood & air ^? ( hotness & moi/ness2 to phlegm & wat] ^? ( coldness & moi/ness2 &1 f9ally1 black bile1 l e>?1 0 said to be cold & dry4 ,,gal5 suppos$ t an alt]ation 9 ! due proportion ( ^! hum\rs gives rise to disease1 ?\gh he did n consid] ?is to be its only cause2 ?us1 canc]1 x 0 ?\ght1 might result f an excess ( black bile1 & rheumatism f an excess ( phlegm4 ,drugs1 ,,gal5 argu$1 are ( effici5cy 9 ! cur+ ( disease1 accord+ z !y possess "o or m ( ^! s-call$ fundam5tal prop]ties1 hotness1 dryness1 coldness1 & moi/ness1 :]eby x 0 consid]$ t an excess ( any hum\r might be c\nt]act$2 moreov]1 x 0 fur!r assum$ t f\r degrees ( ea* prop]ty exi/1 & t only ^? drugs are ( use 9 cur+ a disease :i* conta9 ! necess>y prop]ty or prop]ties 9 ! degree proportionate to t 9 :i* ! opposite hum\r or hum\rs are 9 excess 9 ! pati5t's sy/em4 ,,p>acelsus' views 7 bas$ ^u 8 !ory 7und\bt$ly true 9 a s5se7 t man is a microcosm1 a _w 9 m9iature47#a7 ,n[1 all ?+s mat]ial1 taught ,,p>acelsus1 conta9 ! ?ree pr9ciples t]m$ 9 al*emi/ic phraseology salt1 sulphur1 & m]cury4 ,?is is true1 !re=e1 ( man3 ! heal?y body1 he argu$1 is a sort ( *emical comp\nd 9 :i* ^! ?ree pr9ciples are h>moni\sly bl5d$ 7z 9 ! ,macrocosm7 9 due proportion1 :il/ disease is due to a prepond]ance ( "o pr9ciple1 fev]s1 = example1 be+ ! result ( an excess ( sulphur 7i4e4 ! fi]y pr9ciple71 etc4 ,,p>acelsus1 al?\gh 8 !ory 0 n s diff]5t f t ( ,,gal51 ^: views he d5\nc$1 0 ?us l$ to seek = ,,*emical rem$ies1 conta9+ ^! pr9ciples 9 v>y+ proportions2 he 0 n cont5t ) m$ic9al h]bs & m9]als 9 _! crude /ate1 b attempt$ to extract _! effective ess5ces2 inde$1 he ma9ta9$ t ! prep>ation ( new & bett] drugs is ! *ief bus9ess ( *emi/ry4 7#a7 ,see ! ,note on ! ,p>acelsian ,doctr9e ( ! ,microcosm bel[4 ,?is !ory ( disease & ( ! efficacy ( drugs 0 complicat$ by _m fanta/ic additions27#a7 ?us !re is ! ,ar*aeus1 a sort ( b5evol5t demon1 suppos$ by ,,p>acelsus to look aft] all ! unconsci\s functions ( ! bodily organism1 :o has to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,,p>acelsus also held ! ,doctr9e ( ,signatures1 accord+ to :i* ! m$ic9al value ( plants & m9]als is indicat$ by _! ext]nal =m1 or by "s sign impress$ ^u !m by ! op]ation ( ! />s4 ,a v old example ( ?is belief is to be f\nd 9 ! use ( m&rake 7^: roots resemble ! human =m7 by ! ,hebrews & ,greeks z a cure = /]ility2 or1 to give an in/ance :i* is /ill accr$it$ by "s1 ! use ( eye-bright 7,euphrasia (fic9alis1 ,l41 a plant ) a black pupil-l spot 9 its corolla7 = compla9ts ( ! eyes47#b7 ,alli$ to ?is doctr9e are su* beliefs1 once held1 z t ! lungs ( foxes are good = bron*ial tr\bles1 or t ! he>t ( a lion w end[ "o ) c\rage2 z ,,cornelius ,,agrippa put x1 ,x is well kn[n among/ physicians t bra9 helps ! bra91 & lungs ! lungs47#c7 7#a7 ,! "q ( ,,p>acelsus' ph>macy is fur!r complicat$ by ! fact t ?is ecc5tric g5ius co9$ _m new words 7)\t reg>d to ! pr9ciples ( etymology7 z names = 8 m$ic9es1 & (t5 us$ ! same t]m to /& = q diff]5t bodies4 ,"s ( 8 disciples ma9ta9$ t he mu/ n always be und]/ood 9 a lit]al s5se1 9 :i* probably !re is an elem5t ( tru?4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ,a ,gold5 & ,bless$ ,casket ( ,nature's ,m>vels1 by ,,b5$ictus ,,figulus 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahic74 7#b7 ,see ,dr ,,alfr$ ,c4 ,,haddon',s ,magic & ,feti%ism 7#aijf71 p4 #ae4 7#c7 ,,h5ry ,,cornelius ,,agrippa3 ,occult ,philosophy1 bk4 i4 *ap4 xv4 7,,:itehead',s edition1 ,*icago1 #ahih1 ,p4 #gb74 ,9 mod]n times homoeopa?y--accord+ to :i* a drug is a cure1 if adm9i/]$ 9 small doses1 = t disease ^: symptoms x produces1 if giv5 9 l>ge doses to a heal?y p]son---seems to be> "s resemblance to ^! old m$ical !ories conc]n+ ! cur+ ( l by l4 ,t ! sy/em ( ,,hahnemann 7#agee--ahdc71 ! f\nd] ( homoeopa?y1 is free f error c\ld be sc>cely ma9ta9$1 b c]ta9 rec5t discov]ies 9 connection ) s]um-!rapy appe> to indicate t ! la/ ^w has n yet be5 said on ! subject1 & ! =mula l cures l may /ill h ano!r lease ( life to run4 ,to return to ,,p>acelsus1 h[ev]4 ,x may be ?\ght t 8 views 7 n s great an advance on ^? ( ,,gal52 b :e!r or n ?is be ! case1 8 union ( *emi/ry & m$ic9e 0 ( imm5se b5efit to ea* sci5ce1 & m>k$ a new era 9 ph>macy4 ,ev5 if 8 !ories 7 highly fanta/ic1 x 0 he :o fre$ m$ic9e f ! %ackles ( traditionalism1 & r5d]$ progress 9 m$ical sci5ce possible4 ,i mu/ n conclude ^! brief notes )\t "s ref]5ce to ! m$ical !ory ( ! m$ic9al efficacy ( words4 ,! ,,eb]s papyrus already m5tion$ gives v>i\s =mulas :i* mu/ be pron\nc$ :5 prep>+ & :5 adm9i/]+ a drug2 & !re is a draught us$ by ! ,ea/]n ,jews z a cure = bron*ial compla9ts prep>$ by writ+ c]ta9 words on a plate1 wa%+ !m (f ) w9e1 & add+ ?ree gra9s ( a citron :i* has be5 us$ at ! ,tab]nacle fe/ival4 ,b en\gh = our pres5t excursion2 we mu/ hie u back to ! mod]n _w1 ) its alkaloids1 s]ums1 & anti-tox9s--ano!r day we w1 p]haps1 w&] aga9 d[n ! by-pa?s ( ,m$ic9al ,magic4 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,p>acelsian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,microcosm ,man's nature1 writes ,,cornelius ,,agrippa1 is ! mo/ complete ,image ( ! :ole ,univ]se47#a7 ,?is !ory1 especially connect$ ) ! "n ( ,,p>acelsus1 is wor?y ( m ?an pass+ ref]5ce2 b z ! consid]ation ( x leads u f m$ic9e to metaphysics1 ,i h ?\ght x pref]able to deal ) ! subject 9 a note4 7#a7 ,h4 ,c4 ,,agrippa3 ,occult ,philosophy1 bk4 i4 *ap4 xxxiii4 7,,:itehead',s edition1 p4 #aaa74 ,man1 taught ! old my/ical philosoph]s1 is ?reefold 9 nature1 consi/+ ( _s1 s\l1 & body4 ,! ,p>acelsian m]cury1 sulphur1 & salt 7 ! m9]al analogues ( ^!4 ,z to ! ,_s1 writes ,,val5t9e ,,weigel 7#aecc--aehh71 a disciple ( ,,p>acelsus1 we are ( ,god1 move 9 ,god1 & live 9 ,god1 & are n\ri%$ ( ,god4 ,h5ce ,god is 9 u & we are 9 ,god2 ,god ha? put & plac$ ,himself 9 u1 & we are put & plac$ 9 ,god4 ,z to ! ,s\l1 we are f ! ,firmam5t & ,/>s1 we live & move !re91 & are n\ri%$ !re(4 ,h5ce ! ,firmam5t ) its a/ralic virtues & op]ations is 9 u1 & we 9 x4 ,! ,firmam5t is put & plac$ 9 u1 & we are put & plac$ 9 ! ,firmam5t4 ,z to ! ,body1 we are ( ! elem5ts1 we move & live !re91 & are n\ri%$ ( !m3--h5ce ! elem5ts are 9 u1 & we 9 !m4 ,! elem5ts1 by ! slime1 are put & plac$ 9 u1 & we are put & plac$ 9 !m47#a7 ,or1 to quote f ,,p>acelsus himself1 9 8 ,h]metic ,a/ronomy he writes3 ,god took ! body out ( :i* ,he built up man f ^? ?+s :i* ,he creat$ f no?+ness into some?+444 ,h5ce man is n[ a microcosm1 or a little _w1 because he is an extract f all ! />s & planets ( ! :ole firmam5t1 f ! e>? & ! elem5ts1 & s he is _! qu9tess5ce4444 ,b betwe5 ! macrocosm & ! microcosm ?is diff]5ce occurs1 t ! =m1 image1 species1 & sub/ance ( man are div]se !refrom4 ,9 man ! e>? is fle%1 ! wat] is blood1 fire is ! heat !re(1 & air is ! balsam4 ,^! prop]ties h n be5 *ang$ b only ! sub/ance ( ! body4 ,s man is man1 n a _w1 yet made f ! _w1 made 9 ! lik5ess1 n ( ! _w1 b ( ,god4 ,yet man comprises 9 himself all ! qualities ( ! _w4444 ,8 body is f ! _w1 & !re=e mu/ be f$ & n\ri%$ by t _w f :i* he has sprung4444 ,he has be5 tak5 f ! e>? & f ! elem5ts1 & !re=e1 mu/ be n\ri%$ by ^!4444 ,n[1 man is n only fle% & blood1 b !re is )9 ! intellect :i* does n1 l ! complexion1 come f ! elem5ts1 b f ! />s4 ,& ! condition ( ! />s is ?is1 t all ! wisdom1 intellig5ce1 indu/ry ( ! animal1 & all ! arts peculi> to man are conta9$ 9 !m4 ,f ! />s man has ^! same ?+s1 & t is call$ ! light ( ,nature2 9 fact1 x is :atev] man has f\nd by ! light ( ,nature4444 ,su*1 !n1 is ! condition ( man1 t1 out ( ! great univ]se he ne$s bo? elem5ts & />s1 see+ t he himself is con/itut$ 9 t way47#a;b7 7#a7 ,,val5t9e ,,weigel3 ,a/rology ,!ologis$3 ,! ,spiritual ,h]m5eutics ( ,a/rology & ,holy ,writ1 ed4 by ,,anna ,,bonus ,,k+s=d 7#ahhf71 p4 #ei4 7#a;b7 ,! ,h]metic & ,al*emical ,writ+s ( ,,p>acelsus1 ed4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite 7#ahid71 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bhi-bia4 ,x is n difficult to disc]n a c]ta9 tru? 9 all ?is1 mak+ all[ances = modes ( ?\ght :i* are n ^? ( ! pres5t day4 ,! ,sw$i% philosoph] ,,sw$5borg 7#afhh-aggb7 reaffirm$ ! !ory 9 lat] ye>s2 b1 z he po9ts out17#b7 ! reason t man is a microcosm lies deep] ?an 9 ! facts t 8 body is ( ! elem5ts ( ?is e>? & is n\ri%$ !reby4 ,accord+ to ?is pr(\nd ?9k]1 ,,=m1 spiritually und]/ood1 is ! expression ( ,,use1 ! uses ( ?+s be+ indicat$ by _! =ms4 ,n[1 ! human =m is ! highe/ ( all =ms1 because x subs]ves ! highe/ ( all uses4 ,h5ce1 bo? ! _w ( matt] & ! _w ( _s are 9 ! human =m1 because !re is a correspond5ce 9 use betwe5 man & ! ,cosmos4 ,we may1 !re=e1 call man z to 8 body a microcosm1 or little _w2 z to 8 s\l a micro-uranos1 or little heav54 ,or we may speak ( ! macrocosm1 or great _w1 z ! ,gr& ,man1 & we may say t ! ,s\l ( ?is ,gr& ,man1 ! self-exi/5t1 sub/antial1 & effici5t cause ( all ?+s1 at once imman5t )9 yet transc5d+ all ?+s1 is ,god4 7#b7 ,see especially 8 ,div9e ,love & ,wisdom1 ,,sese #bea & #cai4 ,,iv4 ,,sup]/itions ,,conc]n+ ,,birds ,,among/ ! mo/ rem>kable ( natural occurr5ces mu/ be includ$ _m ( ! ph5om5a connect$ ) ! behavi\r ( birds4 ,und\bt$ly num]\s species ( birds are susceptible to atmosph]ic *anges 7( an electrical & b>ometric nature7 too slight to be obs]v$ by man's unaid$ s5ses2 ?us only is to be expla9$ ! ph5om5on ( migration & also ! _m o!r peculi>ities 9 ! behavi\r ( birds :]eby approa*+ *anges 9 ! wea!r may be =etold4 ,probably1 also1 ?is fact has mu* to d ) ! extraord9>y hom+ in/9ct ( pigeons4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 9 ! days :5 meteorological sci5ce _h yet to be born1 no su* explanation z ?is c\ld be kn[n4 ,! anci5ts obs]v$ t birds by _! migrations or by o!r peculi>ities 9 _! behavi\r progno/icat$ com+ *anges 9 ! seasons ( ! ye> & o!r *anges connect$ ) ! wea!r 7su* z /orms1 etc472 !y saw1 too1 9 ! hom+ in/9cts ( pigeons an app>5t exhibition ( intellig5ce exce$+ t ( man4 ,:at m natural1 !n1 = !m to attribute =esight to birds1 & to suppose t all sorts ( com+ ev5ts 7o!r ?an ^? ( an atmosph]ic nature7 might be =etold by c>eful obs]vation ( _! flight & song8 ,augury--t is1 ! art ( div9ation by obs]v+ ! behavi\r ( birds--0 ext5sively cultivat$ by ! ,etrurians & ,romans47#a7 ,x is /ill us$1 ,i believe1 by ! natives ( ,samoa4 ,! ,romans _h an (ficial college ( augurs1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 orig9ally ?ree patricians4 ,ab\t #cjj ,b4,c4 ! numb] ( patrician augurs 0 increas$ by "o1 & five plebeian augurs 7 add$4 ,lat] ! numb] 0 aga9 increas$ to fifte54 ,! object ( augury 0 n s mu* to =etell ! future z to indicate :at l9e ( action %\ld be foll[$1 9 any giv5 circum/ances1 by ! nation4 ,! augurs 7 consult$ on all matt]s ( importance1 & ! position ( augur 0 ?us "o ( great consequ5ce4 ,9 :at appe>s to be ! olde/ me?od1 ! augur1 array$ 9 a special co/ume1 & c>ry+ a /aff ) :i* to m>k out ! visible heav5s into h\ses1 proce$$ to an elevat$ piece ( gr\nd1 :]e a sacrifice 0 made & a pray] repeat$4 ,!n1 gaz+ t[>ds ! sky1 he wait$ until a bird appe>$4 ,! po9t 9 ! heav5s :]e x fir/ made its appe>ance 0 c>efully not$1 also ! mann] & direction ( its flight1 & ! po9t :]e x 0 lo/ sight (4 ,f ^! p>ticul>s an augury 0 d]iv$1 b1 9 ord] to be ( effect1 x _h to be confirm$ by a fur!r "o4 7#a7 ,?is is n q an accurate def9ition1 z auguries 7 also obta9$ f o!r animals & f cele/ial ph5om5a 7e4g4 lightn+71 etc4 ,auguries 7 also drawn f ! notes ( birds1 birds be+ divid$ by ! augurs into two classes3 7i7 osc9es1 ^? :i* give om5s by _! note1 & 7ii7 alites1 ^? :i* af=d presages by _! flight47#a7 ,ano!r me?od ( augury 0 p]=m$ by ! fe$+ ( *ick5s specially kept = ?is purpose4 ,?is 0 done j be=e sunrise by ! pull>ius or fe$]1 /rict sil5ce be+ obs]v$4 ,if ! birds manife/$ no desire = _! food1 ! om5 0 ( a mo/ direful nature4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if f ! gre$9ess ( ! *ick5s ! gra9 fell f _! beaks & reb\nd$ f ! gr\nd1 ! augury 0 mo/ fav\rable4 ,?is latt] augury 0 kn[n z tripudium soli/imum4 ,any fraud practic$ by ! 'pull>ius'1 writes ! ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,,sm$ley1 rev]t$ to 8 own head4 ,( ?is we h a memorable in/ance 9 ! great battle betwe5 ,papirius ,cursor & ! ,samnites 9 ! ye> ( ,rome #dei4 ,s anxi\s 7 ! troops = battle1 t ! 'pull>ius' d>$ to ann\nce to ! consul a 'tripudium soli/imum1' al?\gh ! *ick5s refus$ to eat4 ,papirius unhesitat+ly gave ! signal = fight1 :5 8 son1 hav+ discov]$ ! false augury1 ha/5$ to communicate x to 8 fa!r4 ',d ?y "p well1' 0 8 reply1 '& let ! deceit ( ! augur fall on himself4 ,! tripudium has be5 ann\nc$ to me1 & no om5 c\ld be bett] = ! ,roman army & p6' ,z ! troops advanc$1 a javel9 ?r[n at r&om /ruck ! 'pullatius' dead4 ',! h& ( heav5 is 9 ! battle1' cri$ ,papirius2 '! guilty is puni%$6' & he advanc$ & conqu]$47#a;b7 ,a co9cid5ce ( ?is sort1 if x really occurr$1 w\ld v greatly /r5g!n ! popul> belief 9 auguries4 7#a7 ,,pl9y3 ,natural ,hi/ory1 bk4 x4 *ap4 xxii4 7,,bo/ock & ,,riley',s trans41 vol4 ii41 #ahee1 p4 #die74 7#a;b7 ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,,sm$ley1 ,m4,a43 ,! ,occult ,sci5ces 7,encyclopa$ia ,metropolitana71 ed4 by ,,elihu ,,ri* 7#ahee71 p4 #add4 ,! cock has always be5 reckon$ a bird possess$ ( magic p[]4 ,at its cr[+1 we are told1 all unquiet spirits :o roam ! e>? dep>t to _! dismal abodes1 & ! orgies ( ! ,wit*es' ,sabba? t]m9ate4 ,a cock is ! fav\rite sacrifice (f]$ to evil spirits 9 ,ceylon & else:]e4 ,alectromancy7#b7 0 an anci5t & peculi>ly s5seless me?od ( div9ation 7s call$7 9 :i* a cock 0 employ$4 ,! bird _h to be "y & q :ite4 ,its feet 7 cut (f & cramm$ d[n its ?roat ) a piece ( p>*m5t on :i* 7 writt5 c]ta9 ,hebrew words4 ,! cock1 aft] ! repetition ( a pray] by ! op]ator1 0 plac$ 9 a circle divid$ into p>ts correspond+ to ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 9 ea* ( :i* a gra9 ( :eat 0 plac$4 ,a c]ta9 psalm 0 recit$1 & !n ! lett]s 7 not$ f :i* ! cock pick$ up ! gra9s1 a fre% gra9 be+ put d[n = ea* "o pick$ up4 ,^! lett]s1 prop]ly arrang$1 7 said to give ! answ] to ! inquiry = :i* div9ation 0 made4 ,i am n sure :at "o 0 suppos$ to d if1 z seems likely1 ! cock refus$ to act 9 ! requir$ mann]4 7#b7 ,cf4 ,,ar?ur ,,edw>d ,,waite3 ,! ,occult ,sci5ces 7#ahia71 pp4 #abd & #abe4 ,! owl 0 reckon$ a bird ( evil om5 ) ! ,romans1 :o d]iv$ ?is op9ion f ! ,etrurians1 along ) mu* else ( _! s-call$ sci5ce ( augury4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly dread$ if se5 9 a city1 or1 inde$1 any:]e by day4 ,,pl9y 7,caius ,pl9ius ,secundus1 ,a4,d4 #fa-;be=e #aae7 in=ms u t on "o occasion a horn$ owl ent]$ ! v sanctu>y ( ! ,capitol2444 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ,rome 0 purifi$ on ! nones ( ,m>* 9 t ye>47#a7 7#a7 ,,pl9y3 ,natural ,hi/ory1 bk4 x4 *ap4 xvi4 7,,bo/ock & ,,riley',s trans41 vol4 ii41 #ahee1 p4 #dib74 ,! folk-lore ( ! ,briti% ,isles ab\nds ) qua9t beliefs & /ories conc]n+ birds4 ,!re is a *>m+ ,wel% leg5d conc]n+ ! rob91 :i* ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,t4 ,,dy] quotes f ,notes & ,qu]ies3--,f>1 f> away1 is a l& ( woe1 d>kness1 spirits ( evil1 & fire4 ,day by day does ?is little bird be> 9 8 bill a drop ( wat] to qu5* ! flame4 ,s ne> ! burn+ /ream does he fly1 t 8 de> little fea!rs are ,,scor*$2 & h5ce he is nam$ ,br\-rhuddyn 7,brea/-burnt74 ,to s]ve little *ildr51 ! rob9 d>es approa* ! inf]nal pit4 ,no good *ild w hurt ! devot$ b5efactor ( man4 ,! rob9 returns f ! l& ( fire1 & !re=e he feels ! cold ( w9t] f> m ?an 8 bro!r birds4 ,he %iv]s 9 ! brumal bla/2 hungry1 he *irps be=e y\r door47#b7 7#b7 ,t4 ,f4 ,,?iselton ,,dy]1 ,m4,a43 ,engli% ,folk-,lore 7#ahgh71 pp4 #fe & #ff4 ,ano!r leg5d acc\nts = ! rob9's r$ brea/ by suppos+ ?is bird to h tri$ to pluck a ?orn f ! cr[n encircl+ ! br[ ( ! crucifi$ ,,*ri/1 9 ord] to alleviate ,8 suff]+s4 ,no d\bt x is on acc\nt ( ^! leg5ds t x is consid]$ a crime1 :i* w be puni%$ ) great mis=tune1 to kill a rob94 ,9 "s places ! same prohibition ext5ds to ! wr51 :i* is popul>ly believ$ to be ! wife ( ! rob94 ,9 o!r p>ts1 h[ev]1 ! wr5 is 7or at lea/ 07 cruelly hunt$ on c]ta9 days4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man ! wr5-hunt took place on ,*ri/mas ,eve & ,/ ,/eph5's ,day1 & is acc\nt$ = by a leg5d conc]n+ an evil fairy :o lur$ _m m5 to de/ruction1 b _h to assume ! =m ( a wr5 to escape puni%m5t at ! h&s ( an +5i\s knight-errant4 ,= sev]al c5turies !re 0 preval5t ov] ! :ole ( civilis$ ,europe a mo/ extraord9>y sup]/ition conc]n+ ! small ,arctic bird resembl+1 b n s l>ge z1 ! common wild goose1 kn[n z ! b>nacle or b]nicle goose4 ,,max ,,muell]7#a7 has sugge/$ t ?is ^w 0 really d]iv$ f ,hib]nicula1 ! "n ?us ref]r+ to ,irel&1 :]e ! birds 7 caught2 b common op9ion associat$ ! b>nacle goose ) ! %ell-fi% kn[n z ! b>nacle 7:i* is f\nd on timb] expos$ to ! sea71 suppos+ t ! =m] 0 g5]at$ out ( ! latt]4 ,?us 9 "o old m$ical writ] we f9d3 ,!re are f\nde 9 ! nor? p>ts ( ,scotl&1 & ! ,il&s adjac5t1 call$ ,or*ades 7,orkney ,isl&s71 c]ta9 trees1 :]eon doe gr[e c]ta9e %ell fi%es1 ( a :ite col\r t5d+ to russet2 :]e9 are conte9$ little liu+ creatures3 :i* %ells 9 "t ( maturitie doe op51 & out ( !m gr[ ^? little liv+ ?+s2 :i* fall+ into ! wat]1 doe become f\les1 :om we call ,b>nakles444 b ! o!r t d fall vpon ! l&1 p]i% & come to no?+3 ?is mu* by ! writ+s ( o!rs1 & also f ! m\?s ( ! p ( ^? p>ts44447#a;b7 7#a7 ,see ,f4 ,,max ,,muell]',s ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,language 7#ahhe71 :]e a v full acc\nt ( ! tradition conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! b>nacle goose w be f\nd4 7#a;b7 ,,john ,,g]>de3 ,! ,h]ball2 or1 ,g5]all ,hi/orie ( ,plantes 7#aeig74 #acia4 ,! writ]1 h[ev]1 :o 0 a well-kn[n surgeon & botani/ ( 8 day1 adds t he _h p]sonally exam9$ c]ta9 %ell-fi% f ,lanca%ire1 & on op5+ ! %ells _h obs]v$ )9 birds 9 v>i\s /ages ( developm5t4 ,no d\bt he 0 deceiv$ by "s purely sup]ficial resemblances--= example1 ! feet ( ! b>nacle fi% resemble some:at ! fea!rs ( a bird4 ,he gives an imag9ative illu/ration ( ! b>nacle f[l escap+ f its %ell1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 fig4 #ab4 ,turn+ n[ f sup]/itions conc]n+ actual birds to leg5ds ( ^? t are purely my?ical1 pass+ ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! roc1 a bird exi/+ 9 ,arabian leg5d1 :i* we meet 9 ! ,arabian ,nights1 & :i* is *iefly rem>kable = its size & /r5g?4 ,! pho5ix1 p]haps1 is ( m int]e/4 ,( t fam\s bird ( ,arabia1 ,,pl9y writes z foll[s1 prefix+ 8 description ( x ) ! cauti\s rem>k1 ,i am n q sure t its exi/5ce is n all a fable4 ,x is said t !re is only "o 9 exi/5ce 9 ! :ole _w1 & t t "o has n be5 se5 v (t54 ,we are told t ?is bird is ( ! size ( an eagle1 & has a brilliant gold5 plumage ar\nd ! neck1 :ile ! re/ ( ! body is ( a purple col\r2 except ! tail1 :i* is azure1 ) long fea!rs int]m+l$ ( a roseate hue2 ! ?roat is adorn$ ) a cre/1 & ! head ) a tuft ( fea!rs4 ,! fir/ ,roman :o describ$ ?is bird444 0 ! s5ator ,manilius4444 ,he tells u t no p]son has ev] se5 ?is bird eat1 t 9 ,arabia x is look$ ^u z sacr$ to ! sun1 t x lives five hundr$ & =ty ye>s1 t :5 x becomes old x builds a ne/ ( cassia & sprigs ( inc5se1 :i* x fills ) p]fumes1 & !n lays its body d[n ^u !m to die2 t f its bones & m>r[ !re spr+s at fir/ a sort ( small worm1 :i* 9 "t *anges into a little bird2 t ! fir/ ?+ t x does is to p]=m ! obsequies ( its pr$ecessor1 & to c>ry ! ne/ entire to ! city ( ! ,sun ne> ,pan*aia1 & !re deposit x ^u ! alt> ( t div9ity4 ,! same ,manilius /ates also1 t ! revolution ( ! great ye> is complet$ ) ! life ( ?is bird1 & t !n a new cycle comes r\nd aga9 ) ! same *>act]i/ics z ! =m] "o1 9 ! seasons & ! appe>ance ( ! />s4 444 ,?is bird 0 br\ght to ,rome 9 ! c5sor%ip ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius444 & 0 expos$ to public view4444 ,?is fact is atte/$ by ! public ,annals1 b !re is no "o t d\bts t x 0 a fictiti\s pho5ix only47#a7 7#a7 ,,pl9y3 ,natural ,hi/ory1 bk4 x4 *ap4 ii4 7,,bo/ock & ,,riley',s trans41 vol4 ii41 #ahee1 ,,pp4 #dgi-dha74 ,! description ( ! plumage1 etc41 ( ?is bird applies fairly well1 z ,,cuvi] has po9t$ out17#b7 to ! gold5 pheasant1 & a specim5 ( ! latt] may h be5 ! fictiti\s pho5ix ref]r$ to above4 ,t ?is bird %\ld h be5 cr$it$ ) ! extraord9>y & :olly fabul\s prop]ties relat$ by ,,pl9y & o!rs is n1 h[ev]1 easy to und]/&4 ,! pho5ix 0 frequ5tly us$ to illu/rate ! doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! s\l 7e4g4 9 ,,clem5t',s ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians71 & x is n impossible t orig9ally x 0 no?+ m ?an a symbol ( immortality :i* 9 "t became to be believ$ 9 z a really exi/+ bird4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 suppos$ to be only "o pho5ix1 & also t ! l5g? ( ea* ( its lives co9cid$ ) :at ! anci5ts t]m$ a great ye>1 may indicate t ! pho5ix 0 a symbol ( cosmological p]iodicity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s anci5t writ]s 7e4g4 ,,tacitus1 ,a4,d4 #ee-abj7 explicitly ref] to ! pho5ix z a symbol ( ! sun1 & 9 ! m9ds ( ! anci5ts ! sun 0 closely connect$ ) ! idea ( immortality4 ,c]ta9ly ! acc\nts ( ! gorge\s col\rs ( ! plumage ( ! pho5ix might well be descriptions ( ! ris+ sun4 ,x appe>s1 moreov]1 t ! ,egyptian hi]oglyphic b5u1 glyph1 :i* is a figure ( a h]on or crane 7& ?us ak9 to ! pho5ix71 0 employ$ to designate ! ris+ sun4 7#b7 ,see ,,cuvi]',s ,! ,animal ,k+dom1 ,,griffi?',s trans41 vol4 viii4 7#ahbi71 p4 #bc4 ,!re are "s curi\s ,jewi% leg5ds to acc\nt = ! suppos$ immortality ( ! pho5ix4 ,accord+ to "o1 x 0 ! sole animal t refus$ to eat ( ! =bidd5 tree :5 tempt$ by ,,eve4 ,accord+ to ano!r1 its immortality 0 conf]r$ on x by ,,noah because ( its consid]ate behavi\r 9 ! ,ark1 ! pho5ix n clam\r+ = food l ! o!r animals47#a7 7#a7 ,! exi/5ce ( su* fables z ^! %[s h[ grossly ! real mean+s ( ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s h be5 misund]/ood4 ,!re is a celebrat$ bird 9 ,*9ese tradition1 ! ,fung ,hwang1 :i* "s s9ologues id5tify ) ! pho5ix ( ! ,we/47#b7 ,accord+ to a comm5tator on ! ',rh ,ya1 ?is felicit\s & p]fect bird has a cock's head1 a snake's neck1 a swall['s beak1 a tortoise's back1 is ( five diff]5t col\rs & m ?an six feet high4 7#b7 ,mr ,,*as4 ,,g\ld1 ,b4,a41 to ^: book ,my?ical ,mon/]s 7#ahhf7 ,i am v l>gely indebt$ = my acc\nt ( ?is bird1 & f :i* ,i h cull$ extracts f ! ,*9ese1 is n ( ?is op9ion4 ,c]ta9ly ! fact t we read ( ,fung ,hwangs 9 ! plural1 :il/ tradition ass]ts t !re is only "o pho5ix1 seems to po9t to a diff]5ce 9 orig94 ,ano!r acc\nt 7t 9 ! ,lun ,yu ,tseh ,%wai ,%+7 tells u t its head resembles heav51 its eye ! sun1 its back ! moon1 its w+s ! w9d1 its foot ! gr\nd1 & its tail ! wo(4 ,fur!rmore1 its m\? conta9s comm&s1 its he>t is con=mable to regulations1 its e> is ?or\ghly acute 9 he>+1 its tongue utt]s s9c]ity1 its col\r is lum9\s1 its comb resembles uprightness1 its spur is %>p & curv$1 its voice is sonor\s1 & its belly is ! treasure ( lit]ature4 ,l ! dragon1 tortoise1 & unicorn1 x 0 consid]$ to be a spiritual creature2 b1 unlike ! ,we/]n pho5ix1 m ?an "o ,fung ,hwang 01 z ,i h po9t$ out1 believ$ to exi/4 ,! birds 7 n always to be se51 b1 accord+ to ,*9ese records1 !y made _! appe>ance dur+ ! reigns ( c]ta9 sov]eigns4 ,! ,fung ,hwang is reg>d$ by ! ,*9ese z an om5 ( great happ9ess & prosp]ity1 & its lik5ess is embroid]$ on ! robes ( empresses to ensure success4 ,probably1 if ! bird is n to be reg>d$ z purely my?ological & symbolic 9 orig91 we h 9 ! /ories ( x no m ?an exagg]at$ acc\nts ( "s species ( pheasant4 ,japanese lit]ature conta9s simil> /ories4 ,( o!r fabul\s bird-=ms m5tion may be made ( ! griff9 & ! h>py4 ,! =m] 0 a creature half eagle1 half lion1 popul>ly suppos$ to be ! prog5y ( ! union ( ^! two latt]4 ,x is describ$ 9 ! s-call$ ,voiage & ,travaile ( ,sir ,,john ,,maundeville 9 ! foll[+ t]ms7#a73 ,sum m5 seyn1 t !i b5 ! ,body upw>d1 z an ,egle1 & b5e! z a ,ly\n3 & treuly !i seyn so!1 t !i b5 ( t s*app4 ,b o ,griff\n ha! ! body m gret & is m /rong ?anne #h ,ly\ns1 ( su*e ,ly\ns z b5 o ?is half2 & m gret & /rong]e1 ?an an #ajj ,egles1 su*e z we b5 amonges u4 ,= o ,griff\n !re w b]e1 fleynge to 8 ,ne/1 a gret ,hors1 or #b ,ox5 zok$ to gid]e1 z !i gon at ! ,pl[ghe4 ,= he ha! 8 ,tal\ns s longe & s l>ge & grete1 ^u 8 ,feet1 z ?\ghe !i w]5 ,hornes ( grete ,ox5 or ( ,bugles or ( ,kyzn2 s t m5 mak5 ,cuppes ( hem1 to drynk5 (3 & ( hire ,ribbes & ( ! ,p5nes ( hire ,w5ges1 m5 mak5 ,b[es fulle /rong1 to s*ote ) ,arwes & ,qu>elle4 ,! special *>act]i/ic ( ! griff9 0 its wat*fulness1 its *ief function be+ ?\ght to be t ( gu>d+ secret treasure4 ,?is *>act]i/ic1 no d\bt1 acc\nts = its frequ5t use 9 h]aldry z a support] to ! arms4 ,x 0 sacr$ to ,,apollo1 ! sun-god1 ^: *>iot 01 accord+ to e>ly sculptures1 drawn by griff9s4 ,,pl9y1 :o speaks ( x z a bird hav+ long e>s & a hook$ beak1 reg>d$ x z fabul\s4 7#a7 ,! ,voiage & ,travaile ( ,sir ,,john ,,maundeville1 ,kt4 ,:i* treate? ( ! ,way to ,hi]usalem2 & ( ,m>vayles ( ,inde1 ) o!r ,il&s & ,c\ntryes4 ,n[ ,publi%'d entire f an ,orig9al ,,ms4 9 ,! ,cotton ,libr>y 7,london1 #agbg71 cap4 xxvi4 pp4 #cbe & #cbf4 ,?is "w is ma9ly a compilation f ! writ+s ( ,william ( ,bold5sele1 ,fri> ,odoric ( ,pord5one1 ,het\m ( ,arm5ia1 ,v9c5t de ,beauvais1 & o!r geograph]s4 ,x is probable t ! "n ,john de ,m&eville %\ld be reg>d$ z a pseudonym conceal+ ! id5tity ( ,jean de ,b\rgogne1 a physician at ,liege1 m5tion$ "u ! "n ( ,joannes ad ,b>bam 9 ! vulgate ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,travels4 7,note 9 ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue74 ,! "w1 :i* 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,fr5* dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 a*iev$ an imm5se popul>ity1 ! m>vels t x relates be+ readily receiv$ by ! cr$ul\s folk ( t & _m a succe$+ day4 ,! h>pies 7i4e4 snat*]s7 9 ,greek my?ology are creatures l vultures z to _! bodies1 b ) ! faces ( wom51 & arm$ ) %>p claws4 ,( ,mon/]s all1 mo/ ,mon/r\s ?is2 no great] ,wra? ,god s5ds 'mong/ ,m52 x comes f dep? ( pit*y ,hell3 ,& ,virg9's ,face1 b ,womb l ,gulf unsatiate ha?1 ,h] ,h&s are grip+ ,claws1 h] ,col\r pale & fell47#a7 7#a7 ,quot$ f ,,v]gil by ,,john ,,guillim 9 8 ,a ,display ( ,h]aldry 7six? edition1 #agbd71 p4 #bga4 ,we meet ) ! h>pies 9 ! /ory ( ,,ph9eus1 a son ( ,,ag5or1 ,k+ ( ,?race4 ,at ! bidd+ ( 8 jeal\s wife1 ,,idaea1 daught] ( ,,d>danus1 ,,ph9eus put out ! sight ( 8 *ildr5 by 8 =m] wife1 ,,cleopatra1 daught] ( ,,boreas4 ,to puni% ?is cruelty1 ! gods caus$ him to become bl9d1 & ! h>pies 7 s5t cont9ually to h>ass & affright him1 & to snat* away 8 food or defile x by _! pres5ce4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds driv5 away by 8 bro!rs-9-law1 ,,zetes & ,,calais4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t orig9ally ! h>pies 7 no?+ m ?an p]sonifications ( ! swift /orm-w9ds2 & few ( ! old naturali/s1 cr$ul\s z !y 71 reg>d$ !m z real creatures1 ?\gh ?is _c be said ( all4 ,"s o!r fabul\s bird-=ms are to be met ) 9 ,greek & ,arabian my?ologies1 etc41 b !y are n ( any p>ticul> int]e/4 ,& x is "t = u to conclude our pres5t excursion1 & to seek = o!r byways4 ,v4 ,,! ,,p[d] ,,( ,,sympa?y3 ,a ,,curi\s ,,m$ical ,,sup]/ition ,,out ( ! sup]/itions ( ! pa/ ! sci5ce ( ! pres5t has gradually evolv$4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 :at by c\rtesy we may t]m m$ical sci5ce 01 z we h se51 little bett] ?an a het]og5e\s collection ( sup]/itions1 & al?\gh v>i\s re=ms 7 in/itut$ ) ! pass+ ( "t1 sup]/ition /ill cont9u$ = long to play a prom95t "p 9 m$ical practice4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ^! old m$ical 7or p]haps ,i %\ld say surgical7 sup]/itions 0 t relat+ to ! ,p[d] ( ,sympa?y1 a rem$y 787 *iefly rememb]$ 9 connection ) ! "n ( ,sir ,,k5elm ,,digby 7#afjc-affe71 ?\gh he 0 probably n ! fir/ to employ x4 ,! ,p[d] itself1 :i* 0 us$ z a cure = w\nds1 01 9 fact1 no?+ else ?an common vitriol17#a7 ?\gh an improv$ & m elegant =m 7if "o may s describe x7 0 compos$ ( vitriol desiccat$ by ! sun's rays1 mix$ ) gum tragacan?4 ,x 0 9 ! application ( ! ,p[d] t ! rem$y 0 peculi>4 ,x 0 n1 z "o might expect1 appli$ to ! w\nd itself1 b any article t might h blood f ! w\nd ^u x 0 ei!r spr9kl$ ) ! ,p[d] or else plac$ 9 a bas9 ( wat] 9 :i* ! ,p[d] _h be5 dissolv$1 & ma9ta9$ at a temp]ate heat4 ,mean:ile1 ! w\nd 0 kept clean & cool4 7#a7 ,gre5 vitriol1 f]r\s sulphate heptahydrate1 a comp\nd ( iron1 sulphur1 & oxyg51 cry/allis$ ) sev5 molecules ( wat]1 repres5t$ by ! =mula ,fe,s,o#d4g;,h#b,o4 ,on exposure to ! air x loses wat]1 & is gradually conv]t$ into basic f]ric sulphate4 ,= long1 gre5 vitriol 0 confus$ ) blue vitriol1 :i* g5]ally occurs z an impurity 9 crude gre5 vitriol4 ,blue vitriol is copp] sulphate p5tahydrate1 ,cu,s,o#d4e;,h#b,o4 ,sir ,,k5elm ,,digby appe>s to h deliv]$ a disc\rse deal+ ) ! fam\s ,p[d] be=e a le>n$ assembly at ,montpelli] 9 ,france2 at lea/ a "w purport+ to be a translation ( su* a disc\rse 0 publi%$ 9 #afeh17a7 & fur!r editions appe>$ 9 #affj & #affd4 ,,k5elm 0 a son ( ! ,sir ,,ev]>d ,,digby 7#aegh-afjf7 :o 0 execut$ = 8 %>e 9 ! ,gunp[d] ,plot4 ,9 spite ( ?is fact1 h[ev]1 ,,james ,i4 appe>s to h reg>d$ him ) fav\r4 ,he 0 a man ( romantic temp]am5t1 possess$ ( *>m+ mann]s1 consid]able le>n+1 & ev5 great] cr$ulity4 ,8 contempor>ies seem to h diff]$ 9 _! op9ions conc]n+ him4 ,,evelyn 7#afbj-agjf71 ! di>i/1 aft] inspect+ 8 *emical laboratory1 r h>%ly speaks ( him z an errant m\ntebank4 ,else:]e he well ref]s to him z a tell] ( /range ?+s--?is 0 on ! occasion ( ,,digby',s relat+ a /ory ( a lady :o _h su* an av]sion to roses t "o laid on h] *eek produc$ a bli/]6 7#a7 ,a late ,disc\rse444 by ,sir ,,k5elm ,,digby1 ,kt4c4 ,t\*+ ! ,cure ( ,w\nds by ! ,p[d] ( ,sympa?y444r5d]$444 out ( ,fr5* into ,engli% by ,r4 ,,:ite1 ,g5t4 7#afeh74 ,?is is entitl$ ! second edition1 b appe>s to h be5 ! fir/4 ,to return to ! ,late ,disc\rse3 aft] "s prelim9>y rem>ks1 ,sir ,,k5elm records a cure :i* he claims to h effect$ by means ( ! ,p[d]4 ,x appe>s t ,,james ,,h[ell 7#aeid-afff1 aft]w>ds hi/oriograph] royal to ,,*>les ,,ii471 _h1 9 ! attempt to sep>ate two fri5ds engag$ 9 a duel1 receiv$ two s]i\s w\nds 9 ! h&4 ,to proce$ 9 ! writ]'s own words3--,x 0 my *ance to be lodg$ h>d by him2 & f\r or five days aft]1 z ,i 0 mak+ myself ready1 he 7,mr ,h[ell7 came to my ,h\se1 & pray$ me to view 8 w\nds2 = ,i und]/&1 said he1 t y h extraord9>y rem$ies ^u su* occasions1 & my ,surgeons appreh5d "s fe>1 t x may gr[ to a ,gangr5e1 & s ! h& mu/ be cut (f4444 ,i ask$ him !n = any ?+ t _h ! blood ^u x1 s he pres5tly s5t = 8 ,g>t]1 :]e) 8 h& 0 fir/ b\nd3 & hav+ call$ = a ,bason ( wat]1 z if ,i w\ld wa% my h&s2 ,i took an h&full ( ,p[d] ( ,vitrol1 :i* ,i _h 9 my /udy1 & pres5tly dissolv$ x4 ,z soon z ! bloody g>t] 0 br\ght me1 ,i put x )9 ! ,bason1 obs]v+ 9 ! int]im :at ,mr ,h[el did1 :o /ood talk+ ) a ,g5tleman 9 ! corn] ( my ,*amb]1 n reg>d+ at all :at ,i 0 do+3 b he />t$ sudd5ly1 z if he _h f\nd "s /range alt]ation 9 himself2 ,i ask$ him :at he ail$8 ,i "k n :at ailes me1 b ,i f9d t ,i feel no m pa91 me?9ks t a pleas+ k9d ( fre%nesse1 z x 7 a wet cold ,napk9 did spread ov] my h&1 :i* ha? tak5 away ! inflammation t torm5t$ me be=e2 ,i repli$1 s9ce t y feel already s good an effect ( my m$icam5t1 ,i advise y to ca/ away all y\r ,plai/]s1 onely keep ! w\nd clean1 & 9 a mod]ate temp] 'twixt heat & cold4 ,?is 0 pres5tly report$ to ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 & a little aft] to ! ,k+ 7,james ,i471 :o 7 bo? v curi\s to "k ! issue ( ! bus9esse1 :i* 01 t aft] d9n] ,i took ! g>t] out ( ! wat]1 & put x to dry be=e a great fire2 x 0 sc>ce dry1 b ,mr ,h[els s]vant came runn+ 7& told me71 t 8 ,ma/] felt z mu* burn+ z ev] he _h done1 if n m1 = ! heat 0 su*1 z if 8 h& 7 betwixt coales ( fire3 ,i answ]$1 t al?\gh t _h happ5$ at pres5t1 yet he %\ld f9d ease 9 a %ort "t2 = ,i knew ! reason ( ?is new accid5t1 & ,i w\ld provide accord+ly1 = 8 ,ma/] %\ld be free f t inflammation1 x may be1 be=e he c\ld possibly return unto him3 b 9 case he f\nd no ease1 ,i wi%$ him to come pres5tly back aga91 if n he might =be> com+4 ,!reupon he w5t1 & at ! in/ant ,i did put aga9 ! g>t] into ! wat]2 !reupon he f\nd 8 ,ma/] )\t any pa9 at all4 ,to be brief1 !re 0 no s5se ( pa9 aft]w>d3 b )9 five or six dayes ! w\nds 7 cicatriz$1 & entirely heal$47#a7 7#a7 ,ibid41 pp4 #g-aa4 ,sir ,,k5elm proce$s1 9 ?is disc\rse1 to relate t he obta9$ ! secret ( ! ,p[d] f a ,c>melite :o _h le>nt x 9 ! ,ea/4 ,sir ,,k5elm says t he told x only to ,k+ ,,james & 8 celebrat$ physician1 ,sir ,,!odore ,,may]ne 7#aegc-afee74 ,! latt] disclos$ x to ! ,duke ( ,,may]ne1 ^: surgeon sold ! secret to v>i\s p]sons1 until ultimately1 z ,sir ,,k5elm rem>ks1 x became kn[n to e c\ntry b>b]4 ,h[ev]1 ,,digby',s real connection ) ! ,p[d] has be5 que/ion$4 ,9 an ,app5dix to ,dr ,,na?anael ,,highmore',s 7#afac-afhe7 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,g5]ation1 publi%$ 9 #afea1 entitl$ ,a ,disc\rse ( ! ,cure ( ,w\nds by ,sympa?y1 ! ,p[d] is ref]r$ to z ,sir ,,gilb]t ,,talbot',s ,p[d]2 nor does x appe> to h be5 ,,digby :o br\ght ! claims ( ! ,sympa!tic ,p[d] be=e ! notice ( ! !n rec5tly-=m$ ,royal ,society1 al?\gh he 0 a by no means inactive memb] ( ! ,society4 ,,highmore1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,app5dix to ! "w ref]r$ to above1 does ref] to ,,digby',s reput$ cure ( ,,h[ell',s w\nds already m5tion$2 & aft] ! publication ( ,,digby',s ,disc\rse ! ,p[d] became g5]ally kn[n z ,sir ,,k5elm ,,digby',s ,sympa!tic ,p[d]4 ,z su* x is ref]r$ to 9 an adv]tisem5t app5d$ to ,wit & ,droll]y 7#affa7 by ! booksell]1 ,,na?anael ,,brook47#a7 7#a7 ,?is adv]tisem5t is z foll[s3 ,^! are to give notice1 t ,sir ,k5elme ,digbies ,sympa!tical ,p[d] prep>'d by ,prome!an fire1 cur+ all gre5 w\nds t come )9 ! compass ( a ,rem$y2 & likewise ! ,too?-a*e infallibly 9 a v %ort "t3 ,is to be _h at ,mr ,na?anael ,brook's at ! ,angel 9 ,cornhil4 ,! belief 9 cure by sympa?y1 h[ev]1 is mu* old] ?an ,,digby',s or ,,talbot',s ,sympa!tic ,p[d]4 ,,p>acelsus describ$ an o9tm5t consi/+ ess5tially ( ! moss on ! skull ( a man :o _h di$ a viol5t dea?1 comb9$ ) bo>'s & be>'s fat1 burnt worms1 dri$ bo>'s bra91 r$ s&al-wood & mummy1 :i* 0 us$ to cure 787 w\nds 9 a simil> mann]1 be+ appli$ to ! weapon ) :i* ! hurt _h be5 inflict$4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is o9tm5t1 read]s w probably recall ! passage 9 ,,scott',s ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel 7canto #c1 /anza #bc71 respect+ ! magical cure ( ,,william ( ,,delora9e',s w\nd by ! ,ladye ( ,branksome3-- ,%e drew ! spl9t] f ! w\nd ,& ) a *>m %e /an*'d ! blood2 ,%e bade ! ga% be cleans'd & b\nd3 ,no long] by 8 c\* %e /ood2 ,b %e _h ta'en ! brok5 lance1 ,& wa%$ x f ! clott$ gore ,& salv$ ! spl9t] o'er & o'er4 ,william ( ,delora9e1 9 trance1 ,:5e'er %e turn$ x r\nd & r\nd1 ,twi/$ z if %e gall'd 8 w\nd4 ,!n to h] maid5s %e did say ,t he %\ld be :ole man & s\nd ,)9 ! c\rse ( a night & day4 ,full long %e toil'd2 = %e did rue ,mi%ap to fri5d s /\t & true4 ,,francis ,,bacon 7#aefa-afbf7 writes ( sympa!tic cures z foll[s3--,x is con/antly ,receiv$1 & ,av\*$1 t ! ,ano9t+ ( ! ,weapon1 t make? ! ,w\nd1 wil heale ! ,w\nd x selfe4 ,9 ?is ,exp]im5t1 ^u ! ,relation ( ,m5 ( ,cr$it1 7?\gh my selfe1 z yet1 am n fully incl9$ to beleeve x17 y %al note ! ,po9ts foll[+2 ,fir/1 ! ,o9tm5t444 is made ( ,div]s +r$i5ts2 :]e( ! ,/range/ & ,h>de/ to come by1 are ! ,mosse ^u ! ,skull ( a dead ,man1 ,vnburi$2 ,& ! ,fats ( a ,bo>e1 & a ,be>e1 kill$ 9 ! ,act ( ,g5]ation4 ,^! ,two la/ ,i c\ld easily suspect to be prescrib$ z a ,/>t+ ,hole2 ,t if ! ,exp]im5t prov$ n1 x m\ght be pret5d$1 t ! ,bea/s 7 n kill$ 9 due ,"t2 ,= z = ! ,mosse1 x is c]ta9 !re is great ,quantity ( x 9 ,irel&1 ^u ,sla9 ,bodies1 laid on ,heaps1 ,vnburi$4 ,! o!r ,+r$i5ts are1 ! ,bl\d-,/one 9 ,p[d]1 & "s o!r ,?+s1 :i* seeme to h a ,v]tue to ,/an* ,bl\d2 ,z also ! ,mosse ha?4444 ,secondly1 ! same k9d ( ,o9tm5t1 appli$ to ! ,hurt x selfe1 worke? n ! ,effect2 b onely appli$ to ! ,weapon44444 ,f\r?ly1 x may be appli$ to ! ,weapon1 ?\gh ! ,p>ty ,hurt be at a great ,di/ance4 ,fif?ly1 x seeme? ! ,imag9ation ( ! ,p>ty1 to be ,cur$1 is n ne$full to ,concurre2 ,= x may be done )\t ! k ( ! ,p>ty ,w\nd$2 ,& ?us mu* ha? be5 tri$1 t ! ,o9tm5t 7= ,exp]im5ts sake17 ha? be5 wip$ (f ! ,weapon1 )\t ! k ( ! ,p>ty ,hurt1 & pres5tly ! ,p>ty ,hurt1 ha? be5 9 great ,rage ( ,pa9e1 till ! ,weapon 0 ,reanno9t$4 ,six?ly1 x is affirm$1 t if y _c get ! ,weapon1 yet if y put an ,in/rum5t ( ,iron1 or ,wood1 resembl+ ! ,weapon1 into ! ,w\nd1 :]eby x ble$e?1 ! ,anno9t+ ( t ,in/rum5t w s]ve1 & "w ! ,effect4 ,?is ,i d\bt %\ld be a ,device1 to keep ?is /range ,=me ( ,cure1 9 ,reque/1 & ,use2 ,because _m times y _c come by ! ,weapon x selve4 ,sev5?ly1 ! ,w\nd be at fir/ ,wa%$ clean ) ,:ite ,w9e or ! ,p>ties own ,wat]2 ,& !n b\nd up close 9 ,f9e ,l95 & no m ,dress+ r5ew$1 till x be :ole47#a7 7#a7 ,,francis ,,bacon3 ,sylva ,sylv>um3 or1 ,a ,natural ,hi/ory444 ,publi%$ aft] ! ,au?ors dea?444 ,! sixt ,edition 44 7#afea71 p4 #bag4 ,ow+ to ! dem& = mak+ ?is o9tm5t1 q a consid]able trade 0 done 9 skulls f ,irel& ^u :i* moss _h gr[n ow+ to _! exposure to ! atmosph]e1 high prices be+ obta9$ = f9e specim5s4 ,! idea und]ly+ ! belief 9 ! efficacy ( sympa!tic rem$ies1 namely1 t by act+ on "p ( a ?+ or on a symbol ( x1 "o !reby acts magically on ! :ole or ! ?+ symbolis$1 is ! root-idea ( all magic1 & is ( extreme antiquity4 ,,digby & o!rs1 h[ev]1 tri$ to give a natural explanation to ! suppos$ efficacy ( ! ,p[d]4 ,!y argu$ t p>ticles ( ! blood w\ld asc5d f ! bloody clo? or weapon1 only com+ to re/ :5 !y _h rea*$ _! natural home 9 ! w\nd f :i* !y _h orig9ally issu$4 ,^! p>ticles w\ld c>ry ) !m ! m volatile "p ( ! vitriol1 :i* w\ld effect a cure m readily ?an :5 comb9$ ) ! gross] "p ( ! vitriol4 ,9 ! days :5 !re 0 h>dly any k ( *emi/ry & physics1 ?is !ory no d\bt bore e semblance ( tru?4 ,9 pass+1 h[ev]1 x is int]e/+ to note t ,,digby',s ,disc\rse call$ =? a reply f ,j4 ,f4 ,,helvetius 7or ,,s*wettz]1 #afbe-agji71 physician to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 :o aft]w>ds became celebrat$ z an al*emi/ :o _h a*iev$ ! magnum opus47#a7 7#a7 ,see my ,al*emy3 ,anci5t & ,mod]n 7#aiaa71 ,,sese #fc-fg4 ,writ+ ( ! ,sympa!tic ,p[d]1 ,pr(essor ,,de ,,morgan wittily argues t x mu/ h be5 q efficaci\s4 ,he says3 ,! directions 7 to keep ! w\nd clean & cool1 & to take c>e ( diet1 rubb+ ! salve on ! knife or sword4 ,if we rememb] ! dreadful notions ^u drugs :i* prevail$1 bo? z to quantity & quality1 we %all readily see t any way ( ,,n dress+ ! w\nd w\ld h be5 useful4 ,if ! physicians _h tak5 ! h9t1 _h be5 c>eful ( diet1 etc41 & _h p\r$ ! little b>rels ( m$ic9e d[n ! ?roat ( a practicable doll1 ,,!y w\ld h _h _! magical cures z well z ! surgeons47#b7 ,z ,dr ,,pettigrew has po9t$ out17#c7 ,nature exhibits v rem>kable p[]s 9 effect+ ! heal+ ( w\nds by adhesion1 :5 h] processes are n imp$$4 ,9 fact1 _m cases h be5 record$ 9 :i* noses1 e>s1 & f+]s sev]$ f ! body h be5 rejo9$ !reto1 m]ely by wa%+ ! p>ts1 plac+ !m 9 close cont9uity1 & all[+ ! natural p[]s ( ! body to effect ! heal+4 ,moreov]1 9 spite ( ,,bacon',s rem>ks on ?is po9t1 ! effect ( ! imag9ation ( ! pati5t1 :o 0 usually n ignorant t a sympa!tic cure 0 to be attempt$1 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt2 =1 )\t go+ to ! excesses ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce 9 ?is respect1 ! fact mu/ be recognis$ t ! /ate ( ! m9d ex]cises a p[]ful effect on ! natural =ces ( ! body1 & a firm fai? is und\bt$ly helpful 9 effect+ ! cure ( any sort ( ill4 7#b7 ,pr(essor ,,augu/us ,,de ,,morgan3 ,a ,budget ( ,p>adoxes 7#ahgb71 p #ff4 7#c7 ,,?omas ,,joseph ,,pettigrew1 ,f4,r4,s43 ,on ,sup]/itions connect$ ) ! ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y 7#ahdd71 pp4 #afd-afg4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,talismans ,,! ^w talisman is d]iv$ f ! ,arabic tilsam1 a magical image1 ?r\gh ! plural =m tilsam54 ,?is ,arabic ^w is itself probably d]iv$ f ! ,greek telesma 9 its late mean+ ( a religi\s my/]y or consecrat$ object4 ,! t]m is (t5 employ$ to designate amulets 9 g5]al1 b1 correctly speak+1 x has a m re/rict$ & special significance4 ,a talisman may be def9$ briefly z an a/rological or o!r symbol expressive ( ! influ5ce & p[] ( "o ( ! planets1 engrav$ on a sympa!tic /one or metal 7or inscrib$ on specially prep>$ p>*m5t7 "u ! auspices ( ?is planet4 ,be=e proce$+ to an acc\nt ( ! prep>ation ( talismans prop]1 x w n be out ( place to notice "s ( ! m int]e/+ & curi\s ( o!r amulets4 ,all sorts ( sub/ances h be5 employ$ z *>ms1 sometimes ( a v unpleasant nature1 su* z dri$ toads4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 amulets consi/ ( /ones1 h]bs1 or passages f ,sacr$ ,writ+s writt5 on pap]4 ,?is latt] class are sometimes call$ *>acts1 z an example ( :i* may be m5tion$ ! ,jewi% phylact]ies4 ,e preci\s /one 0 suppos$ to ex]cise its own peculi> virtue2 = in/ance1 amb] 0 reg>d$ z a good rem$y = ?roat tr\bles1 & agate 0 ?\ght to pres]ve f snake-bites4 ,,elihu ,,ri*7#a7 gives a v full li/ ( /ones & _! suppos$ virtues4 ,ea* sign ( ! zodiac 0 suppos$ to h its own p>ticul> /one7#b7 7z %[n 9 ! annex$ table71 & h5ce ! sup]/iti\s ?\gh n in>ti/ic cu/om ( we>+ "o's bir?- ,mon? 7com- ,a/rological m5c+ #ba/ ,sign ( ! ,zodiac4 ( prec$+ ,symbol4 mon?74 ,/one4 ,aries1 ! ,ram 4 ,april ,s>donyx4 ,taurus ! ,bull 4 ,may ,cornelian4 ,gem9i ! ,tw9s 4 ,june ,topaz4 ,canc]1 ! ,crab 4 ,july ,*alc$ony4 ,leo1 ! ,lion 4 4 ,augu/ ,jasp]4 ,virgo1 ! ,virg9 4 ,septemb] ,em]ald4 ,libra1 ! ,balance 4 ,octob] ,b]yl4 ,scorpio1 ! ,scorpion ,novemb] ,ame?y/4 ,sagitt>ius1 ! ,ar*] ,decemb] ,hyac9? 7,sapphire74 ,capricorn1 ! ,goat 4 ,janu>y ,*rysoprase4 ,aqu>ius1 ! ,wat]- ,febru>y ,cry/al4 be>] ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es 4 ,m>* ,sapphire47,lapis lazuli74 /one = luck4 ,! belief 9 ! occult p[]s ( c]ta9 /ones is by no means non-exi/5t at ! pres5t day2 = ev5 9 ^! enlight5$ times !re are n want+ ^? :o fe> ! beautiful opal1 & put _! fai? 9 ! virtues ( ,new ,zeal& gre5-/one4 7#a7 ,,elihu ,,ri*3 ,! ,occult ,sci5ces 7,encyclopa$ia ,metropolitana1 #ahee71 pp4 #cdh et seq4 7#b7 ,) reg>d to ^! /ones1 h[ev]1 !re is mu* confusion & diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! arrangem5t adopt$ 9 ! table "h giv5 is t ( ,,cornelius ,,agrippa 7,occult ,philosophy1 bk4 ii474 ,a comp>atively rec5t "w1 e/eem$ by mod]n occulti/s1 namely1 ,! ,light ( ,egypt1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,s\l & ! ,/>s 7#ahhi71 gives ! foll[+ s*eme3-- ,ame?y/4 ,em]ald4 ,diamond4 ,onyx 7,*alc$ony74 ,agate4 ,ruby4 ,topaz4 ,sapphire 7skyblue74 ,b]yl4 ,jasp]4 ,c>buncle4 ,*rysolite4 ,common sup]/iti\s op9ion reg>d+ bir?-/ones1 z reflect$1 = example1 9 ! lucky bir? *>ms exhibit$ 9 ! w9d[s ( ! jewell]s' %ops1 consid]ably div]ges 9 ?is matt] f ! views ( bo? ^! au?orities4 ,! usual s*eme is z foll[s3-- ,jan4,g>net4 ,may ,em]ald4 ,sept4,sapphire1 ,feb4,ame?y/4 ,june,agate4 ,oct4 ,opal4 ,m>4,blood/one4 ,july,ruby4 ,nov4 ,topaz4 ,apr4,diamond4 ,aug4,s>donyx4 ,dec4 ,turquoise4 ,! blood/one is frequ5tly assign$ ei!r to ,aries or ,scorpio1 ow+ to its symbolical connection ) ,m>s2 & ! opal to ,canc]1 :i* 9 a/rology is ! con/ellation ( ! moon4 ,confusion is r5d]$ /ill worse by ! fact t ! anci5ts :il/ 9 "s cases us+ ! same names z ourselves1 appli$ !m to diff]5t /ones2 ?us _! hyac9? is our sapphire1 :il/ _! sapphire is our lapis lazuli4 ,c]ta9 h]bs1 cull$ at fav\rable conjunctions ( ! planets & worn z amulets1 7 held to be v efficaci\s aga9/ v>i\s diseases4 ,preci\s /ones & metals 7 also tak5 int]nally = ! same purpose--rem$ies :i* 9 c]ta9 cases mu/ h prov$ exce$+ly h>mful4 ,"o !ory put =w>d = ! suppos$ m$ical value ( amulets 0 ! ,doctr9e ( ,effluvia4 ,?is !ory supposes ! amulets to give (f vap\rs or effluvia :i* p5etrate into ! body & effect a cure4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 true t c]ta9 h]bs1 etc41 might1 "u ! heat ( ! body1 give (f su* effluvia1 b ! !ory on ! :ole is manife/ly absurd4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,signatures1 :i* we h already enc\nt]$ 9 our excursions17#a7 may also be m5tion$ 9 ?is connection z a complem5t>y & equally unt5able hypo!sis4 ,accord+ to ,,elihu ,,ri*17#b7 ! foll[+ 7 ! commone/ ,egyptian amulets3-- #a4 ,^? inscrib$ ) ! figure ( ,s]apis1 us$ to pres]ve aga9/ evils inflict$ by e>?4 #b4 ,figure ( ,canopus1 aga9/ evil by wat]4 #c4 ,figure ( a hawk1 aga9/ evil f ! air4 #d4 ,figure ( an asp1 aga9/ evil by fire4 ,,p>acelsus believ$ !re to be mu* occult virtue 9 an alloy ( ! sev5 *ief metals1 :i* he call$ ,electrum4 ,c]ta9 def9ite proportions ( ^! metals _h to be tak51 & ea* 0 to be add$ dur+ a fav\rable conjunction ( ! planets4 ,f ?is electrum he suppos$ t valuable amulets & magic mirrors c\ld be prep>$4 7#a7 ,see ,m$ic9e & ,magic4 7#b7 ,op4 ,cit41 p4 #cdc ,a curi\s & anci5t amulet = ! cure ( v>i\s diseases1 p>ticul>ly ! ague1 0 a triangle =m$ ( ! lett]s ( ! ^w ,abracadabra4 ,! usual =m 0 t %[n 9 fig4 #ai1 & t %[n 9 fig4 #bj 0 also kn[n4 ,! orig9 ( ?is magical ^w is lo/ 9 obscurity4 ,! belief 9 ! horn z a p[]ful amulet1 especially preval5t 9 ,italy1 :]e is x ! cu/om ( ! common p to make ! sign ( ! mano cornuto to avoid ! consequ5ce ( ! dread$ jettatore or evil eye1 c be trac$ to ! fact t ! horn 0 ! symbol ( ! ,goddess ( ! ,moon4 ,probably ! belief 9 ! p[]s ( ! horse-%oe _h a simil> orig94 ,inde$1 x seems likely t n only ?is1 b mo/ o!r amulets1 l talismans prop]--z w appe> bel[1--7 orig9ally design$ z appeals to gods & o!r p[]ful spiritual be+s4 ,,abracadabra _/ ,,abracadabra ,,abracadabr _/ ,,bracadabra ,,abracadab _/ ,,racadabra ,,abracada _/ ,,acadabra ,,abracad _/ ,,cadabra ,,abraca _/ ,,adabra ,,abrac _/ ,,dabra ,,abra _/ ,,abra ,,abr _/ ,,bra ,,ab _/ ,,ra ,a_/ ,a _/ 7#a7 ,see ,,fr$]ick ,t4 ,,elwor?y',s ,horns ( ,hon\r 7#aijj71 especially pp4 #ef et seq4 ,to turn our att5tion1 h[ev]1 to ! art ( prep>+ talismans prop]3 ,i may rem>k at ! outset t x 0 necess>y = ! talisman to be prep>$ by "o's own self--a task by no means easy z a rule4 ,inde$1 ! "r m5tal attitude ( ! occulti/ 0 insi/$ ^u z ess5tial to ! op]ation4 ,z to ! v>i\s signs to be engrav] on ! talismans1 v>i\s au?orities diff]1 ?\gh !re are c]ta9 po9ts connect$ ) ! art ( talismanic magic on :i* !y all agree4 ,x s happ5$ t ! anci5ts 7 acqua9t$ ) sev5 metals & sev5 planets 7includ+ ! sun & moon z planets71 & ! days ( ! week are also sev54 ,x 0 conclud$1 !re=e1 t !re 0 "s occult connection betwe5 ! planets1 metals1 & days ( ! week4 ,ea* ( ! sev5 days ( ! week 0 suppos$ to be "u ! auspices ( ! spirits ( "o ( ! planets2 s also 0 ! g5]ation 9 ! womb ( ,nature ( ea* ( ! sev5 *ief metals4 ,9 ! foll[+ table are %[n ^! p>ticul>s 9 detail3-- ,planet4 ,symbol4 ,day ( ,metal4 ,col\r4 ,sun4 ,sunday ,gold ,gold or yell[4 ,moon4 ,monday ,silv] ,silv] or :ite4 ,m>s4 ,tuesday ,iron ,r$4 ,m]cury ,w$nesday 7#a7,m]cury ,mix$ col\rs or purple4 ,jupit] ,?ursday ,t9 ,violet or blue4 ,v5us ,friday ,copp] ,turquoise or gre54 ,saturn4 ,saturday ,lead ,black4 7#a7 ,us$ 9 ! =m ( a solid amalgam = talismans4 ,consequ5tly1 ! metal ( :i* a talisman 0 to be made1 & also ! "t ( its prep>ation1 _h to be *os5 ) due reg>d to ! planet "u :i* x 0 to be prep>$47#a7 ,! p[] ( su* a talisman 0 ?\ght to be due to ! g5ie ( ?is planet--a talisman1 01 9 fact1 a sil5t evocation ( an a/ral _s4 ,examples ( ! belief t a g5ie c be b\nd up 9 an amulet 9 "s way are af=d$ by ! /ory ( ,,aladd9',s lamp & r+ & o!r /ories 9 ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights4 ,sometimes ! talismanic signs 7 engrav$ on preci\s /ones1 sometimes !y 7 inscrib$ on p>*m5t2 9 bo? cases ! same pr9ciple held good1 ! nature ( ! /one *os51 or ! col\r ( ! ink employ$1 be+ t 9 correspond5ce ) ! planet "u ^: auspices ! talisman 0 prep>$4 7#a7 ,9 ?is connection a r surpris+ discov]y made by ,mr ,w4 ,,gornold 7see 8 ,a ,manual ( ,occultism1 #aiaa1 pp4 #g & #h7 mu/ be m5tion$4 ,! anci5t ,*aldeans appe> inv>iably to h enum]at$ ! planets 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,sun1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 ,moon--:i* ord] 0 adopt$ by ! m$iaeval a/rolog]s4 ,let u comm5ce ) ! ,sun 9 ! above sequ5ce1 & write d[n e ?ird planet2 we !n h-- ,sun 4 4 4 4 ,sunday4 ,moon4 4 4 4 ,monday4 ,m>s4 4 4 4 ,tuesday4 ,m]cury4 4 4 4 ,w$nesday4 ,jupit]44 4 4 ,?ursday4 ,v5us4 4 4 4 ,friday4 ,saturn4 4 4 4 ,saturday4 ,t is to say1 we h ! planets 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 suppos$ to rule ov] ! days ( ! week4 ,?is is p]haps1 n s surpris+1 because x seems probable t1 ea* day be+ fir/ divid$ into tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x 0 assum$ t ! planets rul$ = "o h\r 9 turn1 9 ! ord] fir/ m5tion$ above4 ,ea* day 0 !n nam$ aft] ! planet :i* rul$ dur+ its fir/ h\r4 ,x w be f\nd t if we />t ) ! ,sun & write d[n e tw5ty-f\r? planet1 ! result is exactly ! same z if we write d[n e ?ird4 ,b ,mr ,,old po9ts out fur!r1 do+ s by means ( a diagram :i* seems to be r cumb]some t if we />t ) ,saturn 9 ! fir/ place1 & write d[n e fif? planet1 & !n = ea* planet sub/itute ! metal ov] :i* x 0 suppos$ to rule1 we !n h ^! metals arrang$ 9 desc5d+ ord] ( atomic weights1 ?us3-- ,saturn 4 4 4 ,lead 7#bjg74 ,m]cury 4 4 4 ,m]cury 7#bjj74 ,sun4 4 4 4 ,gold 7#aig74 ,jupit] 4 4 4 ,t9 7#aai74 ,moon4 4 4 4 ,silv] 7#ajh74 ,v5us 4 4 ,copp] 7#fd74 ,m>s4 4 4 4 ,iron 7#ef74 ,simil>ly we c1 />t+ f any "o ( ^! ord]s1 pass to ! o!r two4 ,! fact is a v surpris+ "o1 because ! anci5ts c\ld n possibly h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! atomic weights ( ! metals1 &1 x is important to note1 ! ord] ( ! d5sities ( ^! metals1 :i* might possibly h be5 kn[n to !m1 is by no means ! same z ! ord] ( _! atomic weights4 ,:e!r ! fact indicates a real relation%ip betwe5 ! planets & ! metals1 or :e!r !re is "s o!r explanation1 ,i am n prep>$ to say4 ,c]ta9ly "s explanation is ne$$3 to say t ! fact is m]e co9cid5ce is unsatisfactory1 see+ t ! odds aga9/1 n m]ely ?is1 b any su* regul>ity occurr+ by *ance--z calculat$ by ! ma!matical !ory ( probability--are #aai to #a4 ,all ! in/rum5ts employ$ 9 ! art _h to be specially prep>$ & consecrat$4 ,special robes _h to be worn1 p]fumes & inc5se burnt1 & invocations1 conjurations1 etc41 recit$1 all ( :i* dep5d$ on ! planet rul+ ! op]ation4 ,a description ( a few typical talismans 9 detail w n "h be out ( place4 ,9 ,! ,key ( ,solomon ! ,k+ 7translat$ by ,s4 ,l4 ,m4 ,,ma!rs1 #ahhi77a7 are describ$ five1 six1 or sev5 talismans = ea* planet4 ,ea* ( ^! 0 suppos$ to h its own peculi> virtues1 & _m ( !m are /at$ to be ( use 9 ! evocation ( spirits4 ,! majority ( !m consi/ ( a c5tral design encircl$ by a v]se ( ,hebrew ,scripture4 ,! c5tral designs are ( a v>i$ "*1 g5]ally geometrical figures & ,hebrew lett]s or words1 or magical *>act]s4 ,five ( ^! talismans are "h portray$1 ! fir/ ?ree describ$ diff]+ f ! above4 ,! translations ( ! ,hebrew v]ses1 etc41 giv5 bel[ are due to ,mr ,,ma!rs4 7#a7 ,! ,clavicula ,salomonis1 or ,key ( ,solomon ! ,k+1 consi/s ma9ly ( an elaborate ritual = ! evocation ( ! v>i\s planet>y spirits1 9 :i* process ! use ( talismans or p5tacles plays a prom95t "p4 ,x is claim$ to be a "w ( :ite magic1 b1 inasmu* z x1 l o!r old books mak+ ! same claim1 gives descriptions ( a p5tacle = caus+ ru91 de/ruction1 & dea?1 & ano!r = caus+ e>?quakes--to give only two examples1--! di/9ction betwe5 black & :ite magic1 :i* we %all no d\bt enc\nt] aga9 9 lat] excursions1 appe>s to be some:at arbitr>y4 ,reg>d+ ! au?or%ip ( ! "w1 ,mr ,,ma!rs1 translator & editor ( ! fir/ pr9t$ copy ( ! book1 says1 ,i see no reason to d\bt ! tradition :i* assigns ! au?or%ip ( ! ',key' to ,k+ ,solomon4 ,if ?is view be accept$1 h[ev]1 x is abundantly evid5t t ! ,key z x /&s at pres5t 79 :i* we f9d ,s4 ,,john quot$1 & m5tion made ( ,,ss4 ,,pet] & ,,paul7 mu/ h receiv$ "s consid]able alt]ations & additions at ! h&s ( lat] editors4 ,b ev5 if we are compell$ to assign ! ,clavicula ,salomonis 9 its pres5t =m to ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury1 we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 all[ t x 0 bas$ ^u traditions ( ! pa/1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! possibility rema9s t x might h be5 bas$ ^u "s e>li] "w4 ,) reg>d to ! antiquity ( ! planet>y sigils1 ,mr ,,ma!rs notes t1 among ! ,gno/ic talismans 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 !re is a r+ ( copp] ) ! sigils ( ,v5us1 :i* are exactly ! same z ^? giv5 by m$iaeval writ]s on magic4 ,9 spite ( ! absurdity ( its claims1 view$ 9 ! light ( mod]n k1 ! ,clavicula ,salomonis ex]cis$ a consid]able influ5ce 9 ! pa/1 & is to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! *ief s\rces ( m$iaeval c]emonial magic4 ,hi/orically speak+1 !re=e1 x is a book ( no little importance4 ,! ,fir/ ,p5tacle ( ! ,sun4--,! ,c\nt5ance ( ,%addai ! ,almighty1 at ,^: aspect all creatures obey1 & ! ,angelic ,spirits d rev]5ce on b5d$ knees4 ,ab\t ! face is ! "n ,el ,%addai4 ,ar\nd is writt5 9 ,lat93 ,behold ,8 face & =m by ,:om all ?+s 7 made1 & ,:om all creatures obey 7see fig4 #ba74 ,! ,fif? ,p5tacle ( ,m>s4--,write ?\ ?is ,p5tacle ^u virg9 p>*m5t or pap] because x is t]rible unto ! ,demons1 & at its sight & aspect !y w obey !e1 = !y _c resi/ its pres5ce4 ,! design is a ,scorpion17#a7 ar\nd :i* ! ^w ,hvl is repeat$4 ,! ,hebrew v]sicle is f ,psalm xci4 #ac3 ,?\ %alt g ^u ! lion & add]1 ! "y lion & ! dragon %alt ?\ tread "u ?y feet 7see fig4 #bb74 7#a7 ,9 a/rology ! zodiacal sign ( ! scorpion is ! night h\se ( ! planet ,m>s4 ,! ,?ird ,p5tacle ( ! ,moon4--,?is be+ duly borne ) !e :5 ^u a j\rney1 if x be prop]ly made1 s]ve? aga9/ all attacks by night1 & aga9/ e k9d ( dang] & p]il by ,wat]4 ,! design consi/s ( a h& & sleev$ =e>m 7?is occurs on ?ree o!r moon talismans71 toge!r ) ! ,hebrew names ,aub & ,vevaphel4 ,! v]sicle is f ,psalm xl4 #ac3 ,be pleas$ ,o ,,ihvh to deliv] me1 ,o ,,ihvh make ha/e to help me 7see fig #bc7 ,! ,?ird ,p5tacle ( ,v5us4--,?is1 if x be only %[n unto any p]son1 s]ve? to attract love4 ,its ,angel ,mona*iel %\ld be invok$ 9 ! day & h\r ( ,v5us1 at "o o'clock or at eight4 ,! design consi/s ( two triangles jo9$ at _! apices1 ) ! foll[+ names--,,ihvh1 ,adonai1 ,rua*1 ,a*ides1 ,a,egalmiel1 ,mona*iel1 & ,degaliel4 ,! v]sicle is f ,g5esis i4 #bh3 ,& ! ,elohim bless$ !m1 & ! ,elohim said unto !m1 ,be ye fruitful1 & multiply1 & repl5i% ! e>?1 & subdue x 7see fig4 #bd74 ,! ,?ird ,p5tacle ( ,m]cury4--,?is s]ves to invoke ! ,spirits subject unto ,m]cury2 & especially ^? :o are writt5 9 ?is ,p5tacle4 ,! design consi/s ( cross$ l9es & magical *>act]s ( ,m]cury4 ,ar\nd are ! names ( ! angels1 ,kokaviel1 ,gh$oriah1 ,savaniah1 & ,*okmahiel 7see fig4 #be74 ,,cornelius ,,agrippa1 9 8 ,?ree ,books ( ,occult ,philosophy1 describes ano!r int]e/+ sy/em ( talismans4 ,,francis ,,b>rett',s ,magus1 or ,cele/ial ,intellig5c]1 a well-kn[n occult "w publi%$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,i may m5tion1 copies ,,agrippa',s sy/em ( talismans1 )\t ackn[l$gm5t1 almo/ ^w = ^w4 ,to ea* ( ! planets is assign$ a magic squ>e or table1 i4e4 a squ>e compos$ ( numb]s s arrang$ t ! sum ( ea* r[ or column is always ! same4 ,= example1 ! table = ,m>s is z foll[s3-- #aa #bd #g #bj #c #d #ab #be #h #af #ag #e #ac #ba #i #aj #ah #a #ad #bb #bc #f #ai #b #ae ,x w be notic$ t e numb] f #a up to ! highe/ possible occurs once1 & t no numb] occurs twice4 ,x w also be se5 t ! sum ( ea* r[ & ( ea* column is always #fe4 ,simil> squ>es c be con/ruct$ conta9+ any squ>e numb] ( figures1 & x is1 inde$1 by no means surpris+ t ! rem>kable prop]ties ( su* magic squ>es1 be=e ^! 7 expla9$ ma!matically1 gave rise to ! belief t !y _h "s occult significance & virtue4 ,f ! magic squ>es c be obta9$ c]ta9 numb]s :i* are said to be ! numb]s ( ! planets2 _! ord]l9ess1 we are told1 reflects ! ord] ( ! heav5s1 & f a consid]ation ( !m ! magical prop]ties ( ! planets :i* !y repres5t c be arriv$ at4 ,= example1 9 ! above table ! numb] ( r[s ( numb]s is #e4 ,! total numb] ( numb]s 9 ! table is ! squ>e ( ?is numb]1 namely1 #be1 :i* is also ! greate/ numb] 9 ! table4 ,! sum ( any r[ or column is #fe4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! sum ( all ! numb]s is ! product ( ! numb] ( r[s 7namely1 #e7 & ! sum ( any r[ 7namely1 #fe71 i4e4 #cbe4 ,^! numb]s1 namely1 #e1 #be1 #fe1 & #cbe1 are ! numb]s ( ,m>s4 ,sets ( numb]s = ! o!r planets are obta9$ 9 exactly ! same mann]47#a7 7#a7 ,read]s acqua9t$ ) ma!matics w notice t if n is ! numb] ( r[s 9 su* a magic squ>e1 ! o!r numb]s d]iv$ z above w be n#b,s1 #a_/bn7n#b,s #a71 & #a_/bn#b,s7n#b,s #a74 ,?is c readily be prov$ by ! laws ( ari?metical progressions4 ,r simil> b m complicat$ & less uni=m magic squ>es are attribut$ to ,,p>acelsus4 ,n[ to ea* planet is assign$ an ,intellig5ce or good _s1 & an ,evil ,_s or demon2 & ! names ( ^! spirits are relat$ to c]ta9 ( ! numb]s ( ! planets4 ,! o!r numb]s are also connect$ ) holy & magical ,hebrew names4 ,,agrippa1 & ,,b>rett copy+ him1 gives ! foll[+ table ( names answ]+ to ! numb]s ( ,m>s3-- #e4 ,he1 ! lett] ( ! holy "n4 hb #be4 hb #fe4 ,adonai4 hb #cbe4 ,graphiel1 ! ,intellig5ce ( ,m>s4 hb #cbe4 ,b>zabel1 ! ,_s ( ,m>s4 hb ,simil> tables are giv5 = ! o!r planets4 ,! numb]s c be d]iv$ f ! names by reg>d+ ! ,hebrew lett]s ( :i* !y are compos$ z numb]s1 9 :i* case hb 7,aleph7 to hb 7,te?7 repres5t ! units #a to #i 9 ord]1 hb 7,jod7 to hb 7,tzade7 ! t5s #aj to #ij 9 ord]1 hb 7,koph7 to hb 7,tau7 ! hundr$s #ajj to #djj1 :il/ ! hundr$s #ejj to #ijj are repres5t$ by special t]m9al =ms ( c]ta9 ( ! ,hebrew lett]s47#b7 ,x is evid5t t no little wa/$ +5uity mu/ h be5 employ$ 9 work+ all ?is out4 7#b7 ,x may be notic$ t ?is makes hb equal to #cbf1 "o unit too mu*4 ,possibly an ,alelph %\ld be omitt$4 ,ea* planet has its own seal or signature1 z well z ! signature ( its intellig5ce & ! signature ( its demon4 ,^! signatures 7 suppos$ to repres5t ! *>act]s ( ! planets' intellig5ces & demons respectively4 ,! signature ( ,m>s is %[n 9 fig4 #bf1 t ( its intellig5ce 9 fig4 #bg1 & t ( its demon 9 fig4 #bh4 ,^! v>i\s details 7 inscrib$ on ! talismans ea* ( :i* 0 suppos$ to conf] its own peculi> b5efits--z foll[s3 ,on "o side mu/ be engrav$ ! prop] magic table & ! a/rological sign ( ! planet1 toge!r ) ! highe/ planet>y numb]1 ! sacr$ names correspond+ to ! planet1 & ! "n ( ! intellig5ce ( ! planet1 b n ! "n ( its demon4 ,on ! o!r side mu/ be engrav$ ! seals ( ! planet & ( its intellig5ce1 & also ! a/rological sign4 ,,b>rett says1 reg>d+ ! demons37#a7 ,x is to be und]/ood t ! intellig5ces are ! presid+ good angels t are set ov] ! planets2 b t ! spirits or daemons1 ) _! names1 seals1 or *>act]s1 are nev] inscrib$ ^u any ,talisman1 except to execute any evil effect1 & t !y are subject to ! intellig5ces1 or good spirits2 & aga91 :5 ! spirits & _! *>act]s are us$1 x w be m conducive to ! effect to add "s div9e "n appropriate to t effect :i* we desire4 ,evil talismans c also be prep>$1 we are in=m$1 by us+ a metal antagoni/ic to ! signs engrav$ !reon4 ,! complete talisman ( ,m>s is %[n 9 fig4 #bi4 7#a7 ,,francis ,,b>rett3 ,! ,magus1 or ,cele/ial ,intellig5c] 7#ahja71 bk4 i4 p4 #adf4 ,,alphonse ,,l\is ,,con/ant17#a7 a fam\s ,fr5* occulti/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :o wrote "u ! "n ( ,,eliphas ,,levi1 describes yet ano!r sy/em ( talismans4 ,he says3 ,! ,p5tagram mu/ be always engrav$ on "o side ( ! talisman1 ) a circle = ! ,sun1 a cresc5t = ! ,moon1 a w+$ caduceus = ,m]cury1 a sword = ,m>s1 a ,g = ,v5us1 a cr[n = ,jupit]1 & a scy! = ,saturn4 ,! o!r side ( ! talisman %\ld be> ! sign ( ,solomon1 t is1 ! six-po9t$ /> =m$ by two int]lac$ triangles2 9 ! c5tre !re %\ld be plac$ a human figure = ! sun talismans1 a cup = ^? ( ! ,moon1 a dog's head = ^? ( ,jupit]1 a lion = ^? ( ,m>s1 a dove's = ^? ( ,v5us1 a bull's or goat's = ^? ( ,saturn4 ,! names ( ! sev5 angels %\ld be add$ ei!r 9 ,hebrew1 ,arabic1 or magic *>act]s simil> to ^? ( ! alphabets ( ,trime?ius4 ,! two triangles ( ,solomon may be replac$ by ! d\ble cross ( ,ezekiel's :eels1 ?is be+ f\nd on a great numb] ( anci5t p5tacles4 ,all objects ( ?is nature1 :e!r 9 metals or 9 preci\s /ones1 %\ld be c>efully wrapp$ 9 silk sat*els ( a col\r analog\s to ! _s ( ! planet1 p]fum$ ) ! p]fumes ( ! correspond+ day1 & pres]v$ f all impure looks & t\*es47#b7 7#a7 ,= a biographical & critical acc\nt ( ?is extraord9>y p]sonage & 8 views1 see ,mr ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite',s ,! ,my/]ies ( ,magic3 a ,dige/ ( ! writ+s ( ,,eliphas ,,levi 7#ahig74 7#b7 ,op4 cit41 p4 #bja4 ,,eliphas ,,levi1 foll[+ ,,py?agoras & _m ( ! m$iaeval magicians1 reg>d$ ! p5tagram1 or five-po9t$ />1 z an extremely p[]ful p5tacle4 ,accord+ to him1 if ) "o horn 9 ! asc5dant x is ! sign ( ! microcosm--,man4 ,) two horns 9 ! asc5dant1 h[ev]1 x is ! sign ( ! ,devil1 ! accurs$ ,goat ( ,m5des1 & an in/rum5t ( black magic4 ,we c1 inde$1 trace "s fa9t lik5ess betwe5 ! p5tagram & ! outl9e =m ( a man1 or ( a goat's head1 accord+ to :e!r x has "o or two horns 9 ! asc5dant respectively1 :i* resemblances may acc\nt = ?is idea4 ,fig4 #cj %[s ! p5tagram embelli%$ ) o!r symbols accord+ to ,,eliphas ,,levi1 :il/ fig4 #ca %[s 8 embelli%$ =m ( ! six-po9t$ />1 or ,seal ( ,,solomon4 ,?is1 he says1 is ! sign ( ! ,macrocosmos1 b is less p[]ful ?an ! ,p5tagram1 ! microcosmic sign1 ?us contradict+ ,,py?agoras1 :o1 z we h se51 reg>d$ ! p5tagram z ! sign ( ! ,macrocosm4 ,,eliphas ,,levi ass]ts t he attempt$ ! evocation ( ! _s ( ,,apollonius ( ,tyana 9 ,london on #bd? ,july #ahed1 by ! aid ( a p5tagram & o!r magical app>atus & ritual1 app>5tly ) success1 if we may believe 8 ^w4 ,b he s5sibly sugge/s t probably ! app>ition :i* appe>$ 0 due to ! effect ( ! c]emonies on 8 own imag9ation1 & comes to ! conclusion t su* magical exp]im5ts are injuri\s to heal?47#a7 7#a7 ,op cit4 pp4 #ddf-dej4 ,magical r+s 7 prep>$ on ! same pr9ciple z 7 talismans4 ,says ,,cornelius ,,agrippa3 ,! mann] ( mak+ ^! k9ds ( ,magical ,r+s is ?is1 viz43 ,:5 any ,/> asc5ds =tunately1 ) ! =tunate aspect or conjunction ( ! ,moon1 we mu/ take a /one & h]b t is "u t ,/>1 & make a r+ ( ! metal t is suitable to ?is ,/>1 & 9 x fa/5 ! /one1 putt+ ! h]b or root "u x--n omitt+ ! inscriptions ( images1 names1 & *>act]s1 z also ! prop] suffumigations44447#a7 ,,solomon',s r+ 0 suppos$ to h be5 possess$ ( rem>kable occult virtue4 ,says ,,josephus 7c4 ,a4,d4 #cg-ajj73 ,god also enabl$ him 7,,solomon7 to le>n t skill :i* expels demons1 :i* is a sci5ce useful & sanative to m54 ,he compos$ su* incantations also by :i* di/emp]s are alleviat$4 ,& he left beh9d him ! mann] ( us+ exorcisms1 by :i* !y drive away demons1 s t !y nev] return2 & ?is me?od ( cure is ( great =ce unto ?is day2 = ,i h se5 a c]ta9 man ( my own c\ntry1 ^: "n 0 ,eleaz>1 releas+ p t 7 demoniacal 9 ! pres5ce ( ,vespasian1 & 8 sons1 & 8 capta9s1 & ! :ole multitude ( 8 soldi]s4 ,! mann] ( ! cure 0 ?is2 he put a r+ t _h "u ! seal a root ( "o ( ^? sorts m5tion$ by ,solomon1 to ! no/rils ( ! demoniac1 aft] :i* he drew out ! demon ?r\gh 8 no/rils3 & :5 ! man fell d[n imm$iately1 he abjur$ him to return unto him no m1 mak+ /ill m5tion ( ,solomon1 & recit+ ! incantations :i* he compos$47#b7 7#a7 ,h4 ,c4 ,,agrippa3 ,occult ,philosophy1 bk4 i4 *ap4 xlvii4 7,,:itehead',s edition1 pp4 #ada & #adb74 7#b7 ,,flavius ,,josephus3 ,! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews 7trans4 by ,w4 ,,:i/on71 bk4 viii4 *ap4 ii41 ,,se #e 7#de7 to 7#dg74 ,en\gh has be5 said already to indicate ! g5]al nature ( talismanic magic4 ,no "o c\ld ma9ta9 o!rwise ?an t mu* ( x is pure nons5se2 b ! subject %\ld n1 !re=e1 be dismiss$ z valueless1 or lack+ significance4 ,x is pa/ belief t amulets & talismans %\ld h be5 believ$ 9 = s long unless !y ,,appe>$ to be productive ( "s ( ! desir$ results1 ?\gh ^! may h be5 due to =ces q o!r ?an ^? :i* 7 suppos$ to be op]ative4 ,inde$1 x may be said t !re has be5 no widely held sup]/ition :i* does n embody "s tru?1 l "s small specks ( gold hidd5 9 an un9vit+ mass ( qu>tz4 ,z ! poet ,,blake put x3 ,ev]y?+ possible to be believ'd is an image ( tru?27#a7 & ! attempt may "h be made to extract ! gold ( tru? f ! qu>tz ( sup]/ition conc]n+ talismanic magic4 ,= ?is purpose ! v>i\s !ories reg>d+ ! suppos$ efficacy ( talismans mu/ be exam9$4 7#a7 ,prov]bs ( ,hell 7,! ,m>riage ( ,heav5 & ,hell74 ,two ( ^! !ories h already be5 not$1 b ! doctr9e ( effluvia admitt$ly appli$ only to a c]ta9 class ( amulets1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ne$ n be s]i\sly consid]$4 ,! a/ral-_s !ory 7z x may be call$71 9 its anci5t =m at any rate1 is equally unt5able to-day4 ,! discov]ies ( new planets & new metals seem de/ructive ( ! belief t !re c be any occult connection betwe5 planets1 metals1 & ! days ( ! week1 al?\gh ! curi\s fact discov]$ by ,mr ,,old1 to :i* ,i h ref]r$ 7footnote1 p4 #fc71 assur$ly dem&s an explanation1 & a c]ta9 validity may1 p]haps1 be all[$ to a/rological symbolism4 ,z conc]ns ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( :at may be call$ 7al?\gh ! t]m is n a v happy "o7 disc>nate spirits1 h[ev]1 ! matt]1 9 view ( ! mod]n inve/igation ( spiriti/ic & o!r abnormal psy*ical ph5om5a1 /&s 9 a diff]5t position4 ,!re c1 inde$1 be little d\bt t v _m ( ! ph5om5a obs]v$ at spiriti/ic seances come "u ! category ( delib]ate fraud1 & an ev5 l>g] numb]1 p]haps1 c be expla9$ on ! !ory ( ! subconsci\s self4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ! evid5ce goes to %[ t !re is a residuum ( ph5om5a :i* c only be expla9$ by ! op]ation1 9 "s way1 ( disc>nate intellig5ces47#a7 ,psy*ical rese>* may be said to h suppli$ ! mod]n _w ) ! evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( disc>nate p]sonalities1 & ( _! op]ation on ! mat]ial plane1 :i* ! anci5t _w lack$4 ,b s f> z our pres5t subject is conc]n$1 all ! evid5ce obta9able goes to %[ t ! ph5om5a 9 "q only take place 9 ! pres5ce ( :at is call$ a m$ium--a p]son ( peculi> n]v\s or psy*ical organisation4 ,t ?is is ! case1 moreov]1 appe>s to be ! g5]al belief ( spiriti/s on ! subject4 ,9 ! s5se1 !n1 9 :i* a talisman connotes a mat]ial object ( su* a nature t by its aid ! p[]s ( disc>nate intellig5ces may become op]ative on mat]ial ?+s1 we might apply ! t]m talisman to ! n]v\s sy/em ( a m$ium3 b !n t w\ld be ! only talisman4 ,consequ5tly1 ev5 if "o is prep>$ to admit ! :ole ( mod]n spiriti/ic !ory1 no?+ is !reby ga9$ t[>ds a belief 9 talismans1 & no light is %$ ^u ! subject4 7#a7 ,! publications ( ,! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 & ,,fr$]ick ,,my]s' monum5tal "w on ,human ,p]sonality & its ,survival ( ,bodily ,dea?1 %\ld be specially consult$4 ,i h attempt$ a brief discussion ( mod]n spiritualism & psy*ical rese>* 9 my ,matt]1 ,_s1 & ! ,cosmos 7#aiaj71 *ap4 ii4 ,ano!r !ory conc]n+ talismans :i* comm5d$ itself to _m ( ! old occult philosoph]s1 ,,p>acelsus = in/ance1 is :at may be call$ ! occult =ce !ory4 ,?is !ory assumes ! exi/5ce ( an occult m5tal =ce1 a =ce capable ( be+ ex]t$ by ! human w1 ap>t f its usual mode ( op]ation by means ( ! body4 ,x 0 believ$ to be possible to conc5trate ?is m5tal en]gy & infuse x into "s suitable m$ium1 ) ! production ( a talisman1 :i* 0 ?us reg>d$ z a sort ( accumulator = m5tal en]gy4 ,! !ory seems a fanta/ic "o to mod]n ?\ght1 ?\gh1 9 view ( ! _m />tl+ ph5om5a br\ght to light by psy*ical rese>*1 x is n advisable to be too positive reg>d+ ! limitations ( ! p[]s ( ! human m9d4 ,h[ev]1 ,i ?9k we %all f9d ! elem5t ( tru? 9 ! o!rwise absurd belief 9 talismans by means ( :at may be call$1 n altoge!r fancifully p]haps1 a transc5d5tal int]pretation ( ?is occult =ce !ory4 ,i sugge/1 t is1 t :5 a believ] makes a talisman1 ! transf]5ce ( ! occult en]gy is ideal1 n actual2 t ! p[]1 believ$ to reside 9 ! talisman itself1 is ! p[] due to ! reflex action ( ! believ]'s m9d4 ,! p[] ( :at transc5d5tali/s call ! imag9ation _c be d5i$2 = example1 no "o c d5y t a man ) a firm conviction t su* a success w be a*iev$ by him1 or su* a dang] avoid$1 w be f> m likely to ga9 8 desire1 o!r conditions be+ equal1 ?an "o ( a pessimi/ic turn ( m9d4 ,! m]e conviction itself is a factor 9 success1 or a factor 9 failure1 accord+ to its nature2 & x seems likely t h]e9 w be f\nd a true explanation ( ! effects believ$ to be due to ! p[] ( ! talisman4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 we mu/ bew>e ( ! exagg]ations into :i* c]ta9 s*ools ( ?\ght h fall5 9 _! e/imates ( ! p[]s ( ! imag9ation4 ,^! exagg]ations are p>ticul>ly m>k$ 9 ! views :i* are held by _m n[adays ) reg>d to fai?-heal+1 al?\gh ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s get out ( ! difficulty--at lea/ to _! own satisfaction--by ascrib+ _! alleg$ cures to ! ,p[] ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1 & n to ! p[] ( ! individual m9d4 ,( c\rse ! real "q involv$ 9 ?is transc5d5tal !ory ( talismans z ,i may1 p]haps1 call x1 is t ( ! op]ation ( inc>nate _s on ! plane ( matt]4 ,?is op]ation takes place only ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 & x has be5 sugge/$17#a7 to avoid any violation ( ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 t x is effect$1 n by ! transf]5ce1 z is sometimes suppos$1 ( en]gy f ! spiritual to ! mat]ial plane1 b m]ely by means ( directive control ov] ! exp5diture ( en]gy d]iv$ by ! body f purely physical s\rces1 e4g4 ! lat5t *emical en]gy b\nd up 9 ! food eat5 & ! oxyg5 brea!d4 7#a7 ,cf ,sir ,,oliv] ,,lodge3 ,life & ,matt] 7#aijg71 especially *ap4 ix42 & ,w4 ,,hibb]t1 ,f4,i4,c43 ,life & ,en]gy 7#aijd74 ,i am n sure t ?is !ory really avoids ! difficulty :i* x is int5d$ to obviate27#a7 b x is at lea/ an int]e/+ "o1 & at any rate !re may be modes 9 :i* ! body1 "u ! directive control ( ! _s1 may exp5d en]gy d]iv$ f ! mat]ial plane1 ( :i* we "k little or no?+4 ,we h ! te/imony ( _m em95t au?orities7#b7 to ! ph5om5on ( ! movem5t ( physical objects )\t contact at spiriti/ic seances4 ,x seems to me t ! introduction ( disc>nate intellig5ces to expla9 ?is ph5om5on is some:at gratuit\s--! psy*ic ph5om5a :i* yield evid5ce ( ! survival ( human p]sonality aft] bodily dea? are ( a diff]5t "*4 ,= if we suppose ?is p>ticul> ph5om5on to be due to disc>nate spirits1 we mu/1 9 view ( :at has be5 said conc]n+ m$iums1 conclude t ! movem5ts 9 "q are n produc$ by ^! spirits ,,directly1 b ?r\gh & by means ( ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! m$ium pres5t4 ,evid5tly1 !re=e1 ! means = ! production ( ! ph5om5on reside 9 ! human n]v\s sy/em 7or1 at any rate1 9 ! peculi> n]v\s sy/em ( m$iums71 & all t is lack+ is intellig5ce or initiative to use ^! means4 ,?is intellig5ce or initiative c surely be z well suppli$ by ! sub-consci\sness z by a disc>nate intellig5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 x does n seem unreasonable to suppose t equally rem>kable ph5om5a may h be5 produc$ by ! aid ( talismans 9 ! days :5 ^! 7 believ$ 91 & may be produc$ to-day1 if "o has suffici5t fai?--t is to say1 produc$ by man :5 9 ! peculi> condition ( m9d br\ght ab\t by ! int5se belief 9 ! p[] ( a talisman4 ,& "h x %\ld be not$ t ! t]m talisman may be appli$ to any object 7or doctr9e7 t is believ$ to possess peculi> p[] or efficacy4 ,9 ?is fact1 ,i ?9k1 is to be f\nd ! peculi> dang] ( errone\s doctr9es :i* promise extraord9>y b5efits1 "h & n[ on ! mat]ial plane1 to su* z believe 9 !m4 ,rem>kable results may foll[ an int5se belief 9 su* doctr9es1 :i*1 :il/ hav+ no connection :atev] ) _! accuracy1 be+ proportional only to ! int5sity ) :i* !y are held1 _c d o!rwise ?an confirm ! believ] 9 ! validity ( 8 beliefs1 ?\gh ^! may be 9 e way highly fanta/ic & errone\s4 ,bo? ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 !re=e1 & ! ,buddhi/ may admit _m ( ! m>vels attribut$ to ! relics ( ea* o!r's sa9ts2 ?\gh1 9 d5y+ t ^! m>vels prove ! accuracy ( ea* o!r's religi\s doctr9es1 ea* %\ld rememb] t ! same is true ( 8 own4 7#a7 ,! subject is r too te*nical to deal ) "h4 ,i h discuss$ x else:]e2 see ,!rmo-,dynamical ,objections to ! ,me*anical ,!ory ( ,life1 ,! ,*emical ,news1 vol4 cxii4 pp4 #bga et seq4 7#crd ,decemb] #aiae74 7#b7 ,= in/ance1 ! well-kn[n physici/1 ,sir ,w4 ,f4 ,,b>rett1 ,f4,r4,s4 7late ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,physics 9 ,! ,royal ,college ( ,sci5ce = ,irel&74 ,see 8 ,on ! ,?re%old ( a ,new ,_w ( ,?\ght 7#aijh71 ,,se #aj4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! real p[] ( ! imag9ation1 ,i may in/ance ! ,maori sup]/ition ( ! ,taboo4 ,accord+ to ! ,maories1 anyone :o t\*es a taboo$ object w assur$ly die1 ! taboo$ object be+ a sort ( anti-talisman4 ,pr(essor ,,fraz]7#a7 says3 ,cases h be5 kn[n ( ,maories dy+ ( %e] fright on le>n+ t !y _h unwitt+ly eat5 ! rema9s ( a *ief's d9n] or h&l$ some?+ t belong$ to him1 s9ce su* objects 71 ipso facto1 taboo$4 ,he gives ! foll[+ case on good au?ority3 ,a woman1 hav+ p>tak5 ( "s f9e pea*es f a basket1 0 told t !y _h come f a taboo$ place4 ,imm$iately ! basket dropp$ f h] h&s & %e cri$ out 9 agony t ! atua or godhead ( ! *ief1 ^: div9ity _h be5 ?us pr(an$1 w\ld kill h]4 ,t happ5$ 9 ! aft]noon1 & next day by twelve o'clock %e 0 dead4 ,= u ! p[] ( ! taboo does n exi/2 = ! ,maori1 :o implicitly believes 9 x1 x is a v pot5t reality1 b ?is p[] ( ! taboo resides n 9 ext]nal objects b 9 8 own m9d4 7#a7 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]1 ,d4,c4,l43 ,psy*e's ,task 7#aiji71 p4 #g4 ,dr ,,haddon7#b7 quotes a simil> b /ill m rem>kable /ory ( a "y ,congo negro :i* v /rik+ly %[s ! p[] ( ! imag9ation4 ,! "y negro1 be+ on a j\rney1 lodg$ at a fri5d's h\se2 ! latt] got a wild h5 = 8 breakfa/1 & ! "y man ask$ if x 7 a wild h54 ,8 ho/ answ]$ ',no4' ,!n he fell on he>tily1 & aft]w>ds proce$$ on 8 j\rney4 ,aft] f\r ye>s ^! two met toge!r aga91 & 8 old fri5d ask$ him 'if he w\ld eat a wild h51' to :i* he answ]$ t x 0 taboo$ to him4 ,h]eat ! ho/ began imm$iately to laugh1 inquir+ ( him1 ',:at made him refuse x n[1 :5 he _h eat5 "o at 8 table ab\t f\r ye>s ago8' ,at ! he>+ ( ?is ! negro imm$iately fell a-trembl+1 & suff]$ himself to be s f> possess$ ) ! effects ( imag9ation t he di$ 9 less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft]4 7#b7 ,,alfr$ ,c4 ,,haddon1 ,,sc4,d41 ,f4,r4,s43 ,magic & ,feti%ism 7#aijf71 p4 #ef4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m /ories ab\t amulets1 etc41 :i* _c be ?us expla9$4 ,= example1 ,,elihu ,,ri* gives ! foll[+3-- ,9 #aefh1 we are told 7,transl4 ( ,salv]te1 p4 #aif7 t ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange condemn$ a ,spani% prison] to be %ot at ,juli]s4 ,! soldi]s ti$ him to a tree & fir$1 b he 0 invuln]able4 ,!y !n /ripp$ him to see :at arm\r he wore1 b !y f\nd only an amulet be>+ ! figure ( a lamb 7! ,agnus ,dei1 we presume74 ,?is 0 tak5 f him1 & he 0 !n kill$ by ! fir/ %ot4 ,de ,b>os relates t ! ,portuguese 9 l mann] va9ly attempt$ to de/roy a ,malay1 s long z he wore a bracelet conta9+ a bone set 9 gold1 :i* r5d]$ him pro( aga9/ _! swords4 ,a simil> m>vel is relat$ 9 ! travels ( ! v]aci\s ,m>co ,polo4 ',9 an attempt ( ,kublai ,khan to make a conque/ ( ! isl& ( ,zipangu1 a jeal\sy arose betwe5 ! two comm&]s ( ! exp$ition1 :i* l$ to an ord] = putt+ ! :ole g>rison to ! sword4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ?is ord]1 ! heads ( all 7 cut (f except+ ( eight p]sons1 :o by ! efficacy ( a diabolical *>m1 consi/+ ( a jewel or amulet introduc$ into ! "r arm1 betwe5 ! sk9 & ! fle%1 7 r5d]$ secure f ! effects ( iron1 ei!r to kill or w\nd4 ,^u ?is discov]y be+ made1 !y 7 beat5 ) a heavy wood5 club1 & pres5tly di$4' 7#a7 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ^!1 & _m simil> /ories1 mu/ be tak5 cum grano salis4 ,9 conclusion1 m5tion mu/ be made ( a v int]e/+ & sugge/ive philosophical doctr9e--! ,law ( ,correspond5ces1--due 9 its explicit =m to ! ,sw$i% philosoph]1 :o 0 bo? sci5ti/ & my/ic1 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg4 ,to deal 9 any way adequately ) ?is important topic is totally impossible )9 ! conf9es ( ! pres5t discussion47#b7 ,b1 to put ! matt] z briefly z possible1 x may be said t ,,sw$5borg ma9ta9s 7& ! conclusion1 ,i ?9k1 is valid7 t all causation is f ! spiritual _w1 physical causation be+ b second>y1 or app>5t--t is to say1 a m]e reflection1 z x 71 ( ! true process4 ,he argues f ?is1 !reby supply+ a philosophical basis = ! unanim\s belief ( ! nature-my/ics1 t e natural object is ! symbol 7because ! creation7 ( an idea or spiritual v]ity 9 its wide/ s5se4 ,?us1 !re are symbols :i* are inh]5t 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 & symbols :i* are n4 ,! =m] are g5u9e1 ! latt] m]ely artificial4 ,writ+ f ! transc5d5tal po9t ( view1 ,,eliphas ,,levi says3 ,c]emonies1 ve/m5ts1 p]fumes1 *>act]s & figures be+444necess>y to enli/ ! imag9ation 9 ! education ( ! w1 ! success ( magical works dep5ds ^u ! fai?ful obs]vance ( all ! rites1 :i* are 9 no s5se fanta/ic or arbitr>y1 hav+ be5 transmitt$ to u by antiquity1 & p]man5tly subsi/+ by ! ess5tial laws ( analogical realisation & ( ! correspond5ce :i* inevitably connects ideas & =ms47#a;b7 ,"s scepticism1 p]haps1 may be p]mitt$ z to ! validity ( ! latt] "p ( ?is /atem5t1 & ! =m] may be qualifi$ by ! proviso t su* ?+s are only ( value 9 ! "r education ( ! w1 if !y are1 inde$1 g5u9e1 & n m]ely artificial1 symbols4 ,b ! writ]1 z ,i ?9k w be admitt$1 has grasp$ ! ess5tial po9t1 &1 to conclude our excursion1 z we began x1 ) a def9ition1 ,i w say t ! p[] ( ! talisman is ! p[] ( ! m9d 7or imag9ation7 br\ght into activity by means ( a suitable symbol4 7#a7 ,,elihu ,,ri*3 ,! ,occult ,sci5ces1 p4 #cdf4 7#b7 ,i may ref] ! read] to my ,a ,ma!matical ,!ory ( ,_s 7#aiab71 *ap4 i41 = a m adequate /atem5t4 7#a;b7 ,,eliphas ,,levi3 ,transc5d5tal ,magic3 its ,doctr9e & ,ritual 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahif71 p4 #bcd4 ,,vii4 ,,c]emonial ,,magic ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,! ^w magic1 if "o may be p]mitt$ to say s1 is itself almo/ magical--magical 9 its p[] to conjure up visions 9 ! human m9d4 ,= "s ^! are ( bloody rites1 pacts ) ! p[]s ( d>kness1 & ! lascivi\s orgies ( ! ,saturnalia or ,wit*es' ,sabba?2 9 o!r m9ds x has pleasant] associations1 s]v+ to transport !m f ! _w ( fact to ! fairyl& ( fancy1 :]e ! purse ( ,,=tunatus1 ! lamp & r+ ( ,,aladd91 fairies1 gnomes1 j9n1 & innum]able o!r /range be+s flit across ! sc5e 9 a m>vell\s kaleidoscope ( ev]-*ang+ wond]s4 ,to ! /udy ( ! magical beliefs ( ! pa/ _c be d5i$ ! int]e/ & fasc9ation :i* ! m>vell\s & wond]ful ev] has = s _m m9ds1 _m ( :om1 p]haps1 _c resi/ ! temptation ( ?9k+ t !re may be "s elem5t ( tru? 9 ^! wond]ful /ories4 ,b ! /udy has a great] claim to our att5tion2 =1 z ,i h intimat$ already1 magic repres5ts a phase 9 ! developm5t ( human ?\ght1 & ! magic ( ! pa/ 0 ! womb f :i* sprang ! sci5ce ( ! pres5t1 unlike its p>5t ?\gh x be4 ,:at !n is magic8 ,accord+ to ! diction>y def9ition--& ?is w s]ve u = ! pres5t--x is ! 7pret5d$7 art ( produc+ m>vell\s results by ! aid ( spiritual be+s or arcane spiritual =ces4 ,magic1 !re=e1 is ! practical complem5t ( animism4 ,:]ev] man has really believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a spiritual _w1 !re d we f9d attempts to ent] into communication ) t _w's inhabitants & to utilise its =ces4,pr(essor ,,leuba7#a7 & o!rs di/+ui% betwe5 propitiative behavi\r t[>ds ! be+s ( ! spiritual _w1 z m>k+ ! religi\s attitude1 & co]cive behavi\r t[>ds ^! be+s z *>act]i/ic ( ! magical attitude2 b "o =m ( behavi\r m]ges by ins5sible degrees into ! o!r1 & ! di/9ction 7?\gh a useful "o7 may1 = our pres5t purpose1 be neglect$4 7#a7 ,,james ,h4 ,,leuba3 ,! ,psy*ological ,orig9 & ! ,nature ( ,religion 7#aiji71 *ap4 ii4 ,animism1 ! ,conception ( ,_s ev]y:]e z ,mr ,,edw>d ,,clodd7#b7 neatly calls x1 & p]haps man's e>lie/ view ( natural ph5om5a1 p]si/$ 9 a modifi$ =m1 z ,i h po9t$ out 9 ,"s ,*>act]i/ics ( ,m$iaeval ,?\ght1 ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a belief 9 magic p]si/$ likewise4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! ,greek philosoph]s ( ! ,neo-,platonic s*ool1 9 t curi\s body ( esot]ic ,jewi% lore kn[n z ! ,kabala1 & 9 ! works ( lat] occult philosoph]s su* z ,,agrippa & ,,p>acelsus1 we f9d magic1 or r ! !ory ^u :i* magic z an art 0 bas$1 pres5t$ 9 its mo/ philosophical =m4 ,if !re is any?+ ( value = mod]n ?\ght 9 ! !ory ( magic1 "h is x to be f\nd2 & x is1 ,i ?9k1 inde$ to be f\nd1 absurd & fanta/ic ?\gh ! practices bas$ ^u ?is philosophy1 or :i* ?is philosophy 0 ?\ght to sub/antiate1 mo/ c]ta9ly are4 ,i %all "h endeav\r to give a sket* ( c]ta9 ( ! out/&+ doctr9es ( magical philosophy1 "s details conc]n+ ! art ( magic1 m especially z practic$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,europe1 &1 f9ally1 an attempt to extract f ! =m] :at ,i consid] to be ( real wor?4 ,we h already w&]$ d[n _m ( ! byways ( magical belief1 &1 inde$1 ! ^w magic may be made to cov] almo/ e sup]/ition ( ! pa/3 ,to :at we h already ga9$ on previ\s excursions ! pres5t1 ,i hope1 w add :at we ne$ 9 ord] to take a syn!tic view ( ! :ole subject4 7#b7 ,,edw>d ,,clodd3 ,animism ! ,se$ ( ,religion 7#aije71 p4 #bf4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 some?+ mu/ be said conc]n+ :at is call$ ! ,doctr9e ( ,emanations1 a !ory ( prime importance 9 ,neo-,platonic & ,kabali/ic ontology4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se owes its exi/5ce & virtue to an emanation f ,god1 :i* div9e emanation is suppos$ to desc5d1 /ep by /ep 7s to speak71 ?r\gh ! hi]>*ies ( angels & ! />s1 d[n to ! ?+s ( e>?1 t :i* is ne>] to ! ,s\rce conta9+ m ( ! div9e nature ?an t :i* is relatively di/ant4 ,z ,,cornelius ,,agrippa expresses x3 ,= ,god1 9 ! fir/ place is ! end & beg9n+ ( all ,virtues2 he gives ! seal ( ! ,ideas to 8 s]vants1 ! ,intellig5ces2 :o z fai?ful (fic]s1 sign all ?+s intru/$ to !m ) an ,ideal ,virtue2 ! ,heav5s & ,/>s1 z in/rum5ts1 dispos+ ! matt] 9 ! mean :ile = ! receiv+ ( ^? =ms :i* reside 9 ,div9e ,maje/y 7z sai? ,plato 9 ,timeus7 & to be convey$ by ,/>s2 & ! ,giv] ( ,=ms di/ributes !m by ! m9i/ry ( 8 ,intellig5ces1 :i* he ha? set z ,rul]s & ,controll]s ov] 8 ,works1 to :om su* a p[] is intru/$ to ?+s committ$ to !m t s all ,virtues ( ,/ones1 ,h]bs1 ,metals1 & all o!r ?+s may come f ! ,intellig5ces1 ! ,gov]nors4 ,! ,=m1 !re=e1 & ,virtue ( ?+s comes fir/ f ! ,ideas1 !n f ! rul+ & gov]n+ ,intellig5ces1 !n f ! aspects ( ! ,heav5s dispos+1 & la/ly f ! temp]s ( ! ,elem5ts dispos$1 answ]+ ! influ5ces ( ! ,heav5s1 by :i* ! ,elem5ts !mselves are ord]$1 or dispos$4 ,^! k9ds ( op]ations1 !re=e1 are p]=m$ 9 ^! inf]ior ?+s by express =ms1 & 9 ! ,heav5s by dispos+ virtues1 9 ,intellig5ces by m$iat+ rules1 9 ! ,orig9al ,cause by ,ideas & exempl>y =ms1 all :i* mu/ ( necessity agree 9 ! execution ( ! effect & virtue ( e ?+4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a wond]ful virtue & op]ation 9 e ,h]b & ,/one1 b great] 9 a ,/>1 beyond :i*1 ev5 f ! gov]n+ ,intellig5ces ev]y?+ receive? & obta9s _m ?+s = itself1 especially f ! ,supreme ,cause1 ) :om all ?+s d mutually & exactly correspond1 agree+ 9 an h>moni\s cons5t1 z x 7 9 hymns always prais+ ! highe/ ,mak] ( all ?+s4444 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no o!r cause ( ! necessity ( effects ?an ! connection ( all ?+s ) ! ,fir/ ,cause1 & _! correspond5cy ) ^? ,div9e patt]ns & et]nal ,ideas :5ce e ?+ ha? its det]m9ate & p>ticul> place 9 ! exempl>y _w1 f :5ce x lives & receives its orig9al be+3 ,& e virtue ( h]bs1 /ones1 metals1 animals1 words & spee*es1 & all ?+s t are ( ,god1 is plac$ !re47#a7 ,z comp>$ ) ! ex nihilo creationism ( or?odox !ology1 ?is !ory is z light is to d>kness4 ,( c\rse1 !re is mu* 9 ,,cornelius ,,agrippa',s /atem5t ( x :i* is inacceptable to mod]n ?\ght2 b ^! are matt]s ( =m m]ely1 & d n affect ! doctr9e fundam5tally4 ,= in/ance1 z a nexus betwe5 _s & matt] ,,agrippa places ! />s3 mod]n ?\ght pref]s ! e!r4 ,! !ory ( emanations may be1 & 01 z a matt] ( fact1 made ! ju/ification ( sup]/iti\s practices ( ! grosse/ absurdity1 b on ! o!r h& x may be made ! basis ( a l(ty sy/em ( transc5d5tal philosophy1 z1 = in/ance1 t ( ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg1 ^: ontology resembles 9 "s respects t ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s4 ,,agrippa uses ! !ory to expla9 all ! m>vels :i* 8 age accr$it$1 m>vels :i* we "k _h = ! mo/ "p no exi/5ce outside ( man's imag9ation4 ,i sugge/1 on ! contr>y1 t ! !ory is really ne$$ to expla9 ! commonplace1 s9ce1 9 ! la/ analysis1 e bit ( exp]i5ce1 e ph5om5on1 be x ev] s ord9>y--inde$ ! v fact ( exp]i5ce itself1--is mo/ truly m>vell\s & magical1 explicable only 9 t]ms ( _s4 ,z ,,eliphas ,,levi well says 9 "o ( 8 fla%es ( insight3 ,! sup]natural is only ! natural 9 an extraord9>y grade1 or x is ! exalt$ natural2 a miracle is a ph5om5on :i* /rikes ! multitude because x is unexpect$2 ! a/oni%+ is t :i* a/oni%es2 miracles are effects :i* surprise ^? :o are ignorant ( _! causes1 or assign !m causes w hi* are n 9 proportion to su* effects47#a;b7 ,b ,i am anticipat+ ! sequel4 7#a7 ,h4 ,c4 ,,agrippa3 ,occult ,philosophy1 bk4 i41 *ap4 xiii4 7,,:itehead',s edition1 pp4 #fg-fh74 7#a;b7 ,,eliphas ,,levi3 ,transc5d5tal ,magic1 its ,doctr9e & ,ritual 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahif71 p4 #aib4 ,! doctr9e ( emanations makes ! univ]se "o va/ h>moni\s :ole1 betwe5 ^: v>i\s p>ts !re is an exact analogy1 correspond5ce1 or sympa!tic relation4 ,nature 7! productive pr9ciple71 says ,,iambli*os 7#crd-#d? c5tury71 ! ,neo-,platoni/1 9 h] peculi> way1 makes a lik5ess ( invisible pr9ciples ?r\gh symbols 9 visible =ms47#b7 ,! belief t seem+ly simil> ?+s sympa!tically affect "o ano!r1 & t a simil> relation holds good betwe5 diff]5t ?+s :i* h be5 intimately connect$ ) "o ano!r z p>ts )9 a :ole1 is a v anci5t "o4 ,mo/ primitive peoples are v c>eful to de/roy all _! nail-cutt+s & hair-clipp+s1 s9ce !y believe t a wit* ga9+ possession ( ^! might "w !m h>m4 ,= a simil> reason !y refuse to reveal _! ,,real names1 :i* !y reg>d z "p ( !mselves1 & adopt nicknames = common use4 ,! belief t a wit* c torm5t an enemy by mak+ an image ( 8 p]son 9 clay or wax1 correctly nam+ x1 & mutilat+ x ) p9s1 or1 9 ! case ( a wax5 image1 melt+ x by fire1 is a v anci5t "o1 & 0 held ?r\gh\t & beyond ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,sympa!tic ,p[d] ( ,sir ,,k5elm ,,digby we h already notic$1 z well z o!r in/ances ( ! belief 9 sympa?y1 & examples ( simil> sup]/itions might be multipli$ almo/ indef9itely4 ,su* are g5]ally gr\p$ "u ! t]m sympa!tic magic2 b inasmu* z all magical practices assume t by act+ on "p ( a ?+1 or a symbolic repres5tation ( x1 "o acts magically on ! :ole1 or on ! ?+ symbolis$1 ! expression may 9 its broade/ s5se be said to involve ! :ole ( magic4 7#b7 ,,iambli*os3 ,!urgia1 or ! ,egyptian ,my/]ies 7trans4 by ,dr ,,alex4 ,,wild]1 ,new ,york1 #aiaa71 p4 #bci4 ,! names ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 angels & devils1 ! planets ( ! sol> sy/em 7includ+ sun & moon7 & ! days ( ! week1 birds & bea/s1 col\rs1 h]bs1 & preci\s /ones--all1 accord+ to old-"t occult philosophy1 are connect$ by ! sympa!tic relation believ$ to run ?r\gh all creation1 ! k ( :i* 0 ess5tial to ! magician2 z well1 also1 ! *ief portions ( ! human body1 = man1 z we h se51 0 believ$ to be a microcosm--a univ]se 9 m9iature4 ,i h dealt ) ?is matt] & exhibit$ "s ( ! suppos$ correspond5ces 9 ,! ,belief 9 ,talismans4 ,"s fur!r p>ticul>s are %[n 9 ! annex$ table1 = :i* ,i am ma9ly indebt$ to ,,agrippa4 ,b1 z 9 ! case ( ! zodiacal gems already dealt )1 ! old au?orities by no means agree z to ! majority ( ! planet>y correspond5ces4 ,,table ,,( ,,occult ,,correspond5ces ,ar*- ,"p ( ,preci\s angel4 ,angel4 ,planet4 ,human ,animal4 ,bird4 /one4 ,body4 ,raphael ,mi*ael ,sun ,he>t ,lion ,swan ,c>buncle ,gabriel ,gabriel ,moon ,left foot ,cat ,owl ,cry/al ,camael ,zamael ,m>s ,"r h& ,wolf ,vulture ,diamond ,mi*ael ,raphael ,m]cury ,left h& ,ape ,/ork ,agate ,zadikel ,sa*iel ,jupit] ,head ,h>t ,eagle ,sapphire 7,lapis lazuli7 ,haniel ,anael ,v5us ,g5]ative ,goat ,dove ,em]ald organs ,zaphhiel ,cassiel ,saturn ,"r foot ,mole ,hoopoe ,onyx ,! names ( ! angels are f ,mr ,ma!r's translation ( ,clavicula ,salomonis2 ! o!r correspond5ces are f ! second book ( ,agrippa's ,occult ,philosophy1 *ap4 x4 ,9 _m cases ^! suppos$ correspond5ces are bas$1 z w be obvi\s to ! read]1 ^u purely trivial resemblances1 &1 9 any case1 :atev] may be said--& ,i ?9k a great deal may be said--9 fav\r ( ! !ory ( symbology1 !re is little t may be adduc$ to support ! old occulti/s' application ( x4 ,s ess5tial a "p does ! use ( symbols play 9 all magical op]ations t we may1 ,i ?9k1 modify ! def9ition ( magic adopt$ at ! outset1 & def9e magic z an attempt to employ ! p[]s ( ! spiritual _w = ! production ( m>vell\s results1 ,,by ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,symbols4 ,x has1 on ! o!r h&1 be5 que/ion$ :e!r ! appeal to ! _s-_w is an ess5tial elem5t 9 magic4 ,b a close exam9ation ( magical practices always reveals at ! root a belief 9 spiritual p[]s z ! op]at+ causes4 ,! belief 9 talismans at fir/ sight seems to h little to d ) t 9 a sup]natural realm2 b1 z we h se51 ! talisman 0 always a sil5t invocation ( ! p[]s ( "s spiritual be+ ) :i* x 0 symbolically connect$1 & ^: sign 0 engrav$ !reon4 ,&1 z ,dr ,t4 ,,witton ,,davies well rem>ks ) reg>d to sympa!tic magic3 ,ev5 ?is c\ld n1 at ! />t1 be any?+ o!r ?an a symbolic pray] to ! _s or spirits hav+ au?ority 9 ^! matt]s4 ,9 s f> z no _s is ?\ght (1 x is a m]e survival1 & n magic at all44447#a7 7#a7 ,dr ,t4 ,,witton ,,davies3 ,magic1 ,div9ation1 & ,demonology among ! ,hebrews & _! ,neighb\rs 7#ahih71 p4 #ag4 ,:at ,i reg>d z ! two ess5tials ( magical practices1 namely1 ! use ( symbols & ! appeal to ! sup]natural realm1 are mo/ obvi\s 9 :at is call$ c]emonial magic4 ,m$iaeval c]emonial magic 0 subdivid$ into ?ree *ief bran*es--,:ite ,magic1 ,black ,magic1 & ,necromancy4 ,:ite magic 0 conc]n$ ) ! evocations ( angels1 spiritual be+s suppos$ to be ess5tially sup]ior to mank9d1 conc]n+ :i* ,i %all give "s fur!r details lat]--& ! spirits ( ! elem5ts1--:i* 71 z ,i h m5tion$ 9 ,"s ,*>act]i/ics ( ,m$iaeval ,?\ght1 p]sonifications ( ! primeval =ces ( ,nature4 ,z !re 7 suppos$ to be f\r elem5ts1 fire1 air1 wat]1 & e>?1 s !re 7 suppos$ to be f\r classes ( elem5tals or spirits ( ! elem5ts1 namely1 ,salam&]s1 ,sylphs1 ,und9es1 & ,gnomes1 inhabit+ ^! elem5ts respectively1 & d]iv+ _! *>act]s !refrom4 ,conc]n+ ^! curi\s be+s1 ! inquisitive read] may ga9 "s in=mation f a qua9t little book1 by ! ,abbe de ,,montfaucon ,,de ,,vill>s1 entitl$ ,! ,c\nt ( ,gabalis1 or ,conf]5ces ab\t ,secret ,sci5ces 7#afgj71 translat$ into ,engli% & publi%$ 9 #afhj1 :i* has rec5tly be5 repr9t$4 ,! elem5tals1 we le>n !refrom1 71 unlike o!r sup]natural be+s1 ?\ght to be mortal4 ,!y c\ld1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ immortal by means ( sexual int]c\rse ) m5 or wom51 z ! case might be2 & x 01 we are told1 to ! noble end ( end[+ !m ) ?is great gift1 t ! sages devot$ !mselves4 ,goety1 or black magic1 0 conc]n$ ) ! evocation ( demons & devils--spirits suppos$ to be sup]ior to man 9 c]ta9 p[]s1 b utt]ly deprav$4 ,sorc]y may be di/+ui%$ f wit*craft1 inasmu* z ! sorc]] attempt$ to comm& evil spirits by ! aid ( *>ms1 etc41 :]eas ! wit* or wiz>d 0 suppos$ to h made a pact ) ! ,evil ,"o2 ?\gh bo? t]ms h be5 r loosely us$1 sorc]y be+ sometimes employ$ z a synonym = necromancy4 ,necromancy 0 conc]n$ ) ! evocation ( ! spirits ( ! dead3 etymologically1 ! t]m /&s = ! art ( =etell+ ev5ts by means ( su* evocations1 ?\gh x is frequ5tly employ$ 9 ! wid] s5se4 ,x w\ld be unnecess>y & t$i\s to give any detail$ acc\nt ( ! me?ods employ$ 9 ^! magical arts beyond "s g5]al rem>ks4 ,mr ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite gives full p>ticul>s ( ! v>i\s rituals 9 8 ,book ( ,c]emonial ,magic 7#aiaa71 to :i* ! curi\s read] may be ref]r$4 ,! foll[+ w1 9 brief t]ms1 convey a g5]al idea ( a magical evocation3-- ,*oos+ a "t :5 !re is a fav\rable conjunction ( ! planets1 ! magician1 arm$ ) ! implem5ts ( magical art1 aft] mu* pray] & fa/+1 betakes himself to a suitable spot1 alone1 or p]haps accompani$ by two tru/y companions4 ,all ! articles he int5ds to employ1 ! ve/m5ts1 ! magic sword & lamp1 ! talismans1 ! book ( spirits1 etc41 h be5 specially prep>$ & consecrat$4 ,if he is ab\t to invoke a m>tial _s1 ! magician's ve/m5t w be ( a r$ col\r1 ! talismans 9 virtue ( :i* he may h p[] ov] ! _s w be ( iron1 ! day *os5 a ,tuesday1 & ! inc5se & p]fumes employ$ ( a nature analog\s to ,m>s4 ,9 a simil> mann] all ! articles employ$ & ! rites p]=m$ mu/ 9 "s way be symbolical ( ! _s ) :i* conv]se is desir$4 ,hav+ arriv$ at ! spot1 ! magician fir/ ( all traces ! magic circle )9 :i*1 we are told1 no evil _s c ent]2 he !n comm5ces ! magic rite1 involv+ v>i\s pray]s & conjurations1 a m$ley ( mean+less words1 &1 9 ! case ( ! black art1 a sacrifice4 ,! _s summon$ !n appe>s 7at lea/1 s we are told71 &1 aft] grant+ ! magician's reque/1 is lic5s$ to dep>t--a matt]1 we are admoni%$1 ( great importance4 ,! "q naturally arises1 ,:at 7 ! results obta9$ by ^! magical arts8 ,h[ f>1 if at all1 0 ! magician rew>d$ by ! atta9m5t ( 8 desires8 ,we h ask$ a simil> "q reg>d+ ! belief 9 talismans1 & ! reply :i* we !re ga9$ und\bt$ly applies 9 ! pres5t case z well4 ,mod]n psy*ical rese>*1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 is supply+ u ) fur!r evid5ce = ! survival ( human p]sonality aft] bodily dea? ?an ! innate conviction humanity 9 g5]al seems to h 9 ?is belief1 & ! _m reasons :i* ideali/ic philosophy advances 9 fav\r ( x4 ,! "q ( ! reality ( ! ph5om5on ( mat]ialisation1 t is1 ! bodily appe>ance ( a disc>nate _s1 su* z is v\*$ = by spiriti/s1 & :i* is :at1 x appe>s1 0 aim$ at 9 necromancy 7?\gh :y ! disc>nate %\ld be bett] in=m$ z to ! future ?an ! inc>nate1 ,i _c suppose71 mu/ be reg>d$ z sub judice47#a7 ,_m cases ( fraud 9 connection ) ! alleg$ production ( ?is ph5om5on h be5 detect$ 9 rec5t times2 b1 inasmu* z ! la/ ^w has n yet be5 said on ! subject1 we mu/ all[ ! possibility t necromancy 9 ! pa/ may h be5 sometimes successful4 ,b z to ! exi/5ce ( ! angels & devils ( magical belief--z well1 "o might add1 ( ^? ( or?odox fai?1--no?+ c be adduc$ 9 evid5ce ( ?is ei!r f ! results ( psy*ical rese>* or on a priori gr\nds4 7#a7 ,! late ,sir ,,william ,,crookes' ,exp]im5tal ,rese>*es 9 ! ,ph5om5a ( ,spiritualism conta9s evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! reality ( ?is ph5om5on v difficult to ga9say4 ,pseudo-,,dionysius classifi$ ! angels into ?ree hi]>*ies1 ea* subdivid$ into ?ree ord]s1 z "u3-- ,fir/ ,hi]>*y4--,s]aphim1 ,*]ubim1 & ,?rones2 ,second ,hi]>*y4--,dom9ions1 ,p[]s1 & ,au?orities 7or ,virtues72 ,?ird ,hi]>*y4--,pr9cipalities1 ,ar*angels1 & ,angels1-- & ?is classification 0 adopt$ by ,,agrippa & o!rs4 ,pseudo-,,dionysius expla9s ! names ( ^! ord]s z foll[s3 444 ! holy designation ( ! ,s]aphim d5otes ei!r t !y are k9dl+ or burn+2 & t ( ! ,*]ubim1 a fulness ( k or /ream ( wisdom4444 ,! appellation ( ! mo/ exalt$ & pre-em95t ,?rones d5otes _! manife/ exaltation above e grovell+ inf]iority1 & _! sup]-mundane t5d5cy t[>ds high] ?+s2444 & _! inv>iable & firmly-fix$ settlem5t ar\nd ! v]itable ,highe/1 ) ! :ole =ce ( _! p[]s4444 ,! explanatory "n ( ! ,holy ,lord%ips 7,dom9ions7 d5otes a c]ta9 unslavi% elevation444 sup]ior to e k9d ( cr++ slav]y1 indomitable to e subs]vi5cy1 & elevat$ above e dissimul>ity1 ev] aspir+ to ! true ,lord%ip & s\rce ( ,lord%ip4444 ,! appellation ( ! ,holy ,p[]s d5otes a c]ta9 c\rage\s & unfl9*+ virility444 vigor\sly conduct$ to ! ,div9e imitation1 n =sak+ ! ,godlike movem5t ?r\gh its own unmanl9ess1 b unfl9*+ly look+ to ! sup]-ess5tial & p[]ful-mak+ p[]1 & becom+ a p[]like image ( ?is1 z f> z is atta9able4444,! appellation ( ! ,holy ,au?orities444 d5otes ! beautiful & unconfus$ good ord]1 ) reg>d to ,div9e receptions1 & ! discipl9e ( ! sup]-mundane & intellectual au?ority444 conduct$ indomitably1 ) good ord] t[>ds ,div9e ?+s4444 7,& ! appellation7 ( ! ,heav5ly ,pr9cipalities manife/s _! pr9cely & lead+ function1 aft] ! ,div9e example44447#a7 ,!re is a c]ta9 gr&eur 9 ^! views1 & if we may be p]mitt$ to und]/& by ! ord]s ( ! hi]>*y1 discrete degrees 7to use ,,sw$5borg',s t]m7 ( spiritual reality--/ages 9 spiritual involution1--we may see 9 !m a c]ta9 tru? z well4 ,z ,i said1 all virtue1 p[]1 & k :i* man has f ,god 0 believ$ to desc5d to him by way ( ^! angelical hi]>*ies1 /ep by /ep2 & ?us x 0 ?\ght t ^? ( ! l[e/ hi]>*y alone 7 s5t f heav5 to man4 ,x 0 su* be+s t :ite magic pret5d$ to evoke4 ,b ! practical occulti/s1 :5 !y did n make !m altoge!r fatu\s1 attribut$ to ^! angels *>act]s n di/+ui%able f ^? ( ! devils4 ,! description ( ! angels 9 ! ,heptem]on1 or ,magical ,elem5ts17#b7 falsely at may be tak5 z fairly *>act]i/ic4 ,( ,,mi*ael & ! o!r spirits ( ,sunday he writes3 ,_! nature is to procure ,gold1 ,gemmes1 ,c>buncles1 ,ri*es2 to cause "o to obta9 fav\r & b5evol5ce2 to dissolve ! enmities ( m52 to raise m5 to honors2 to c>ry or take away infirmities4 ,( ,,gabriel & ! o!r spirits ( ,monday1 he says3 ,_! nature is to give silv]2 to convey ?+s f place to place2 to make horses swift1 & to disclose ! secrets ( p]sons bo? pres5t & future4 ,( ,,samael & ! o!r spirits ( ,tuesday he says3 ,_! nature is to cause w>s1 mortality1 dea? & combu/ions2 & to give two ?\s& ,s\ldi]s at a "t2 to br+ dea?1 infirmities or heal?1 & s on = ,,raphael1 ,,sa*iel1 ,,anael1 ,,cassiel1 & _! colleagues47#a;b7 7#a7 ,on ! ,heav5ly ,hi]>*y4 ,see ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,p>k]',s translation ( ,! ,works ( ,,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 vol4 ii4 7#ahhi71 pp4 #bd1 #be1 #ca1 #cb1 & #cf4 7#b7 ,! book1 :i* fir/ saw ! light ?ree c5turies aft] its alleg$ au?or's dea?1 0 translat$ into ,engli% by ,,rob]t ,,turn]1 & publi%$ 9 #afee 9 a volume conta9+ ! spuri\s ,f\r? ,book ( ,occult ,philosophy1 attribut$ to ,,cornelius ,,agrippa1 & o!r magical works4 ,x is f ?is edition t ,i quote4 7#a;b7 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #ij1 #ib1 & #id4 ,conc]n+ ! evil planet>y spirits1 ! spuri\s ,f\r? ,book ( ,occult ,philosophy1 attribut$ to ,,cornelius ,,agrippa1 in=ms u t ! spirits ( ,saturn appe> = ! mo/ "p ) a tall1 lean1 & sl5d] body1 ) an angry c\nt5ance1 hav+ f\r faces2 "o 9 ! h9d] "p ( ! head1 "o on ! =m] "p ( ! head1 & on ea* side nos$ or beak$3 !re likewise appe>e? a face on ea* knee1 ( a black %9+ col\r3 _! motion is ! mov+ ( ! w9ce1 ) a k9de ( e>?quake3 _! signe is :ite e>?1 :it] ?an any ,sn[4 ,! writ] adds t _! p>ticul> =ms are1-- ,a ,k+ hav+ a be>d1 rid+ on a ,dragon4 ,an ,old man ) a be>d4 ,an ,old woman lean+ on a /affe4 ,a ,hog4 ,a ,dragon4 ,an ,owl4 ,a black ,g>m5t4 ,a ,hooke or ,sickle4 ,a ,junip]-tree4 ,conc]n+ ! spirits ( ,jupit]1 he says t !y appe> ) a body sangu9e & *ol]ick1 ( a middle /ature1 ) a horrible fe>ful motion2 b ) a milde c\nt5ance1 a g5tle spee*1 & ( ! col\r ( ,iron4 ,! motion ( !m is fla%+s ( ,lightn+ & ,?und]2 _! signe is1 !re w appe> m5 ab\t ! circle1 :o %all seem to be dev\r$ ( ,lions1 _! p>ticul> =ms be+-- ,a ,k+ ) a ,sword drawn1 rid+ on a ,/ag4 ,a ,man we>+ a ,mitre 9 long raym5t4 ,a ,maid ) a ,laurel-,cr[n adorn$ ) ,fl[]s4 ,a ,bull4 ,a ,/ag4 ,a ,peacock4 ,an azure ,g>m5t4 ,a ,sword4 ,a ,box-tree4 ,z to ! ,m>tian spirits1 we le>n t !y appe> 9 a tall body1 *ol]ick1 a fil?y c\nt5ance1 ( col\r br[n1 sw>?y or r$1 hav+ horns l ,h>ts horns1 & ,griph9s claws1 bell[+ l wilde ,bulls4 ,_! ,motion is l fire burn+2 _! signe ,?und] & ,lightn+ ab\t ! ,circle4 ,_! p>ticul> %apes are1-- ,a ,k+ arm$ rid+ ^u a ,wolf4 ,a ,man arm$4 ,a ,woman hold+ a buckl] on h] ?igh4 ,a ,hee-goat4 ,a ,horse4 ,a ,/ag4 ,a r$ ,g>m5t4 ,wool4 ,a ,*eeslip47#a7 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #dc-de4 ,! re/ are describ$ 9 equally fanta/ic t]ms4 ,i d n ?9k ,i %all be accus$ ( be+ unduly sceptical if ,i say t su* be+s z ^! c\ld n h be5 evok$ by any magical rites1 because su* be+s d n & did n exi/1 save 9 ! magician's own imag9ation4 ,! proviso1 h[ev]1 is important1 =1 inasmu* z ^! fanta/ic be+s did exi/ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! cr$ul\s1 !re9 !y may1 inde$1 h be5 evok$4 ,! :ole ( magic ritual 0 well devis$ to produce halluc9ation4 ,a firm fai? 9 ! ritual employ$1 & a /rong ef=t ( w to br+ ab\t ! desir$ result1 7 usually insi/$ ^u z ess5tial to ! success ( ! op]ation47#b7 ,a p]iod ( fa/+ prior to ! exp]im5t 0 also frequ5tly prescrib$ z necess>y1 :i*1 by weak5+ ! body1 mu/ h be5 conducive to halluc9ation4 ,fur!rmore1 ab/5tion f ! gratification ( ! sexual appetite 0 /ipulat$ 9 c]ta9 cases1 & ?is1 no d\bt1 _h a simil> effect1 especially z conc]ns magical evocations direct$ to ! satisfaction ( ! sexual impulse4 ,add to ^! factors ! details ( ! ritual itself1 ! nocturnal conditions "u :i* x 0 c>ri$ out1 & p>ticul>ly ! suffumigations employ$1 :i*1 mo/ frequ5tly1 7 ( a n>cotic nature1 & x is n difficult to believe t almo/ any type ( halluc9ation may h occurr$4 ,su*1 z we h se51 0 ,,eliphas ,,levi',s view ( c]emonial magic2 & :atev] may be said z conc]ns 8 own exp]im5t !re9 7= "o w\ld h ?\ght t ! ess5tial elem5t ( fai? 0 lack+ 9 ?is case71 x is und\bt$ly ! true view z conc]ns ! c]emonial magic ( ! pa/4 ,z ?is au?or well says3 ,wit*craft1 prop]ly s-call$1 t is c]emonial op]ation ) int5t to bewit*1 acts only on ! op]ator1 & s]ves to fix & confirm 8 w1 by =mulat+ x ) p]si/5ce & lab\r1 ! two conditions :i* make volition efficaci\s47#a;b7 7#b7 ,,magical ,,axiom4 ,9 ! circle ( its action1 e ^w creates t :i* x affirms4 ,,direct ,,consequ5ce4 ,he :o affirms ! devil1 creates or makes ! devil4 ,conditions ( ,success 9 ,inf]nal ,evocations4 #a1 ,inv9cible ob/9acy2 #b1 a consci5ce at once h>d5$ to crime & mo/ subject to remorse & fe>2 #c1 affect$ or natural ignorance2 #d1 bl9d fai? 9 all t is incr$ible1 #e1 a completely false idea ( ,god4 7,,eliphas ,,levi3 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #big & #bih47 7#a;b7 ,,eliphas ,,levi3 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #acj & #aca4 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg 9 "o place writes3 ,magic is no?+ b ! p]v]sion ( ord]2 x is especially ! abuse ( correspond5ces47#b7 ,a /udy ( ! c]emonial magic ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! foll[+ c5tury or two c]ta9ly ju/ifies ,,sw$5borg 9 writ+ ( magic z some?+ evil4 ,! di/9ction1 rigid en\gh 9 !ory1 betwe5 :ite & black1 legitimate & illegitimate1 magic1 01 z ,i h indicat$1 extremely indef9ite 9 practice4 ,z ,mr ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite ju/ly rem>ks3 ,mu* t pass$ curr5t 9 ! we/ z ,:ite 7i4e4 p]missible7 ,magic 0 only a disguis$ goeticism1 & _m ( ! respl5d5t angels invok$ ) div9e rites reveal _! clov5 ho(s4 ,x is n too mu* to say t a l>ge majority ( pa/ psy*ological exp]im5ts 7 conduct$ to e/abli% communication ) demons1 & t = unlawful purposes4 ,! popul> conceptions conc]n+ ! diabolical sph]es1 :i* h be5 all accr$it$ by magic1 may h be5 gross exagg]ations ( fact conc]n+ rudim5t>y & p]v]se intellig5ces1 b ! wilful vici\sness ( ! communicants is sub/antially unt\*$ !reby47#a;b7 7#b7 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg3 ,arcana ,caele/ia1 ,,se #ffib4 7#a;b7 ,,ar?ur ,,edw>d ,,waite3 ,! ,occult ,sci5ces 7#ahia71 p4 #ea4 ,^! psy*ological exp]im5ts 7 n1 save1 p]haps1 9 r>e cases1 c>ri$ out 9 ! _s ( mod]n psy*ical rese>*1 ) ! high aim ( ! man ( sci5ce4 ,x 01 inde$1 f> o!rwise2 selfi% motives 7 at ! root ( mo/ ( !m2 &1 ap>t f :at may be t]m$ m$ic9al magic1 x 0 = ! satisfaction ( gre$1 lu/1 rev5ge1 t m5 & wom5 _h rec\rse to magical arts4 ,! hi/ory ( goeticism & wit*craft is "o ( ! mo/ horrible ( all hi/ories4 ,! ,grimoires1 witnesses to ! sup]/iti\s folly ( ! pa/1 are full ( disgu/+1 absurd1 & ev5 crim9al rites = ! satisfaction ( unlawful desires & passions4 ,! ,*ur* 0 c]ta9ly ju/ifi$ 9 attempt+ to put d[n ! practice ( magic1 b ! means adopt$ 9 ?is design & ! results to :i* !y l$ 7 ev5 m abom9able ?an wit*craft itself4 ,! me?ods ( detect+ wit*es & ! tortures to :i* suspect$ p]sons 7 subject$ to =ce !m to confess to imag9>y crimes1 employ$ 9 s-call$ civilis$ ,engl& & ,scotl& & also 9 ,am]ica1 to say no?+ ( c\ntries 9 :i* ! ,holy ,inquisition held undisput$ sway1 are almo/ too horrible to describe4 ,= details ! read] may be ref]r$ to ,sir ,,walt] ,,scott',s ,lett]s on ,demonology & ,wit*craft 7#ahcj71 & 7z conc]ns ,am]ica7 ,,cotton ,,ma!r',s ,! ,wond]s ( ! ,invisible ,_w 7#afib74 ,! cr$ul\s ,*ur* & ! cr$ul\s p 7 t]ribly afraid ( ! p[] ( wit*craft1 &1 z always1 fe> de/roy$ _! m5tal balance & made !m totally disreg>d ! dem&s ( ju/ice4 ,! result may be well illu/rat$ by :at almo/ inevitably happ5s :5 a c\ntry goes to w>2 = w>1 z ! ,hon4 ,,b]tr& ,,russell has well %[n1 is fe>'s (fspr+4 ,fe> ( ! enemy causes ! milit>y p>ty to p]secute 9 an ins5sate mann]1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d to ju/ice1 all ^? ( _! fell[-m5 :om !y consid] are n he>t & s\l ) !m 9 _! cause2 simil>ly ! ,*ur* rel5tlessly p]secut$ its suppos$ enemies1 ( :om x 0 s afraid4 ,no d\bt "s ( ! poor wret*es t 7 tortur$ & kill$ on ! *>ge ( wit*craft really believ$ !mselves to h made a pact ) ! devil1 & 7 ?us morally deprav$1 ?\gh1 g5]ally speak+1 !y 7 no m responsible = _! actions ?an any o!r madm54 ,b ! majority ( ! p]sons p]secut$ z wit*es & wiz>ds 7 innoc5t ev5 ( ?is4 ,h[ev]1 x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be unwise to disreg>d ! exi/5ce ( ano!r side to ! "q ( ! validity & e?ical value ( magic1 & to use ! ^w only to /& = some?+ ess5tially evil4 ,,sw$5borg1 we may note1 9 ! c\rse ( a long passage f ! "w f :i* ,i h already quot$1 says t by magic is signifi$ ! sci5ce ( spiritual ?+s7#a7 ,8 position appe>s to be t !re is a g5u9e magic1 or sci5ce ( spiritual ?+s1 & a false magic1 t sci5ce p]v]t$3 a view ( ! matt] :i* ,i propose "h to adopt4 ,! ^w magic itself is d]iv$ f ! ,greek magos1 ! wise man ( ! ,ea/1 & h5ce ! /rict etymological mean+ ( ! t]m is ! wisdom or sci5ce ( ! magi2 & x is1 ,i ?9k1 significant t we are told 7& ,i see no reason to d\bt ! tru? ( x7 t ! magi 7 among ! fir/ to wor%ip ! new-born ,,*ri/47#b7 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 ,,se #ebbc4 7#b7 ,see ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,,mat!w1 *ap4 ii41 v]ses #a to #ab4 ,if !re be an abuse ( correspond5ces1 or symbols1 !re surely mu/ also be a use1 to :i* ! ^w magic is n inapplicable4 ,z su*1 religi\s ritual1 & especially ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 w1 no d\bt1 occur to ! m9ds ( ^? :o reg>d ^! symbols z efficaci\s1 ?\gh !y w\ld probably hesitate to apply ! t]m magical to !m4 ,b 9 us+ ?is t]m z apply+ !reto1 ,i d n wi% to sugge/ t any su* rites or c]emonies possess1 or c possess1 any ,,causal efficacy 9 ! moral evolution ( ! s\l4 ,! w alone1 9 virtue ( ! p[] v\*saf$ to x by ! ,s\rce ( all p[]1 c a*ieve ?is2 b ,i d ?9k t ! s\l may be assi/$ by ritual1 h>moni\sly relat$ to ! /ates ( m9d :i* x is desir$ to induce4 ,no d\bt !re is a dang] ( religi\s ritual1 especially :5 its mean+ is lo/1 be+ engag$ 9 = its own sake4 ,x is !n m]e sup]/ition27#a7 &1 9 view ( ! dang] ( ?is deg5]acy1 _m robu/ m9ds1 su* z ! memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 pref] to disp5se ) its aid altoge!r4 ,:5 ritual is associat$ ) errone\s doctr9es1 ! results are ev5 m disa/r\s1 z ,i h indicat$ 9 ,! ,belief 9 ,talismans4 ,b :5 ritual is alli$ )1 & bas$ ^u1 z adequately symbolis+1 ! high tea*+ ( g5u9e religion1 x may be1 &1 9 fact1 is1 f\nd v helpful by _m p4 ,z su* its efficacy seems to me to be altoge!r magical1 9 ! be/ s5se ( t ^w4 7#a7 ,z ,,eliphas ,,levi well says3 ,sup]/ition444 is ! sign surviv+ ! ?\ght2 x is ! dead body ( a religi\s rite4 7,op cit41 p4 #aej47 ,b1 inde$1 ,i ?9k a /ill wid] application ( ! ^w magic is possible4 ,all exp]i5ce is magic1 says ,,novalis 7#aggb-ahja71 & only magically explicable27#b;a7 & aga93 ,x is only because ( ! feebl5ess ( our p]ceptions & activity t we d n p]ceive ourselves to be 9 a fairy _w4 ,no d\bt x w be object$ t ! common exp]i5ces ( daily life are natural1 :]eas magic po/ulates ! sup]natural4 ,if1 z is frequ5tly done1 we use ! t]m natural1 z relat+ exclusively to ! physical realm1 !n1 inde$1 we may well speak ( magic z sup]natural1 because its aims are psy*ical4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! t]m natural is sometimes employ$ z ref]r+ to ! :ole realm ( ord]1 & 9 ?is s5se "o c use ! ^w magic z descriptive ( ,nature h]self :5 view$ 9 ! light ( an ideali/ic philosophy1 su* z t ( ,,sw$5borg1 9 :i* all causation is se5 to be ess5tially spiritual1 ! ?+s ( ?is _w be+ envisag$ z symbols ( ideas or spiritual v]ities1 & ?us physical causation reg>d$ z an appe>ance produc$ 9 virtue ( ! magical1 non-causal efficacy ( symbols47#a7 ,says ,,cornelius ,,agrippa3 444 e day "s natural ?+ is drawn by art & "s div9e ?+ is drawn by ,nature :i*1 ! ,egyptians1 see+1 call$ ,nature a ,magicianess 7i4e47 ! v ,magical p[] itself1 9 ! attract+ ( l by l1 & ( suitable ?+s by suitable47#b7 7#b;a7 ,,novalis3 ,s*rift5 7ed4 by ,,ludwig ,,tieck & ,,fr4 ,,s*legel1 #ahje71 vol4 ii4 p4 #aie 7#a7 ,= a discussion ( ! ess5tially magical "* ( inductive reason+1 see my ,! ,magic ( ,exp]i5ce 7#aiae7 7#b7 ,op4 cit41 bk4 i4 *ap4 xxxvii4 p4 #aai4 ,i w\ld sugge/1 9 conclusion1 t !re is no?+ really oppos$ to ! _s ( mod]n sci5ce 9 ! !sis t all exp]i5ce is magic1 & only magically explicable4 ,sci5ce does n pret5d to reveal ! fundam5tal or und]ly+ cause ( ph5om5a1 does n pret5d to answ] ! f9al ,:y8 ,?is is r ! bus9ess ( philosophy1 ?\gh1 9 ?us di/+ui%+ betwe5 sci5ce & philosophy1 ,i am f> f ins9uat+ t philosophy %\ld be o!rwise ?an sci5tific4 ,we (t5 he> religi\s b non-sci5tific m5 compla9 because sci5tific & p]haps equally z religi\s m5 d n 9 _! books ascribe ! production ( natural ph5om5a to ! ,div9e ,p[]4 ,b if !y 7 s to d !y w\ld be transc5d+ _! bus9ess z sci5ti/s4 ,9 e sci5ce c]ta9 simple facts ( exp]i5ce are tak5 = grant$3 x is ! bus9ess ( ! sci5ti/ to r$uce o!r & m complex facts ( exp]i5ce to t]ms ( ^! data1 n to expla9 ^! data !mselves4 ,?us ! physici/ attempts to r$uce o!r relat$ ph5om5a ( great] complexity to t]ms ( simple =ce & motion2 b1 ,:at are =ce & motion8 ,:y does =ce produce or result 9 motion8 are que/ions :i* lie beyond ! scope ( physics4 ,9 ord] to answ] ^! que/ions1 if1 inde$1 ?is be possible1 we mu/ fir/ inquire1 ,h[ & :y d ^! ideas ( =ce & motion arise 9 our m9ds8 ,^! problems l& u 9 ! psy*ical or spiritual _w1 & ! t]m magic at once becomes significant4 ,if1 says ,,?omas ,,c>lyle1444 we444 h l$ !e into ! true ,l& ( ,dreams2 &444 ?\ looke/1 ev5 = mom5ts1 into ! region ( ! ,wond]ful1 & see/ & feele/ t ?y daily life is girt ) ,wond]1 & bas$ on ,wond]1 & ?y v blankets & bree*es are ,miracles1--!n art ?\ pr(it$ beyond money's wor?44447#a7 7#a7 ,,?omas ,,c>lyle3 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 bk4 iii4 *ap4 ix4 ,,viii4 ,,ar*itectural ,,symbolism ,i ,,0 once ra% en\gh to sugge/ 9 an essay ,on ,symbolism 9 ,art7#a7 t a true "w ( art is at once reali/ic1 imag9ative1 & symbolical1 & t its aim is to make manife/ ! spiritual significance ( ! natural objects dealt )4 ,i tru/ t ^? arti/s 7no d\bt _m7 :o disagree ) me w =give me--a man ( sci5ce--= hav+ v5tur$ to express any op9ion :atev] on ! subject4 ,b1 at any rate1 if ! sugge/ions 9 "q are accept$1 !n a crit]ion = di/+ui%+ betwe5 art & craft is at once available2 = we may say t1 :il/ craft aims at produc+ works :i* are physically useful1 art aims at produc+ works :i* are spiritually useful4 ,ar*itecture1 f ?is po9t ( view1 is a comb9ation ( craft & art4 ,x may1 inde$1 be said t ! mod]n ar*itecture :i* creates our dwell+-h\ses1 factories1 & ev5 to a l>ge ext5t our places ( wor%ip1 is pure craft unmix$ ) art ,on ! o!r h&1 x might be argu$ t su* works ( ar*itecture are n always devoid ( decoration1 & t decorative art1 ev5 ?\gh ! decorative arti/ is unconsci\s ( ?is fact1 is bas$ ^u rules & employs symbols :i* h a deep significance4 ,! truly arti/ic elem5t 9 ar*itecture1 h[ev]1 is m cle>ly manife/ if we turn our gaze to ! pa/4 ,"o ?9ks at once1 ( c\rse1 ( ! pyramids & sph9x ( ,egypt1 & ! ri* & v>i$ symbolism ( design & decoration ( antique /ructures to be f\nd 9 ,p]sia & else:]e 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x is highly probable t ! ,egyptian pyramids 7 employ$ = a/ronomical purposes1 & ?us subs]v$ physical utility1 b x seems no less likely t _! %ape 0 sugge/$ by a belief 9 "s sy/em ( geometrical symbolism1 & 0 int5d$ to embody c]ta9 ( _! philosophical or religi\s doctr9es4 7#a7 ,publi%$ 9 ,! ,occult ,review = ,augu/ #aiab1 vol4 xvi4 pp4 #ih to #ajb4 ,! m$iaeval ca!drals & *ur*es ( ,europe admirably exhibit ?is comb9ation ( art ) craft4 ,craft 0 ne$$ to design & con/ruct p]man5t build+s to protect wor%ipp]s f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r2 art 0 employ$ n only to decorate su* build+s1 b x dictat$ to craft _m po9ts 9 connection ) _! design4 ,! build]s ( ! m$iaeval *ur*es endeav\r$ s to con/ruct _! works t ^! might1 z a :ole & 9 _! v>i\s p>ts1 embody ! tru?s1 z !y believ$ !m1 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion3 ?us ! cruci=m %ape ( *ur*es1 _! ori5tation1 etc4 ,! practical value ( symbolism 9 *ur* ar*itecture is obvi\s4 ,z ,mr ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme rem>ks1 ,! sculptur$ fonts or /a9$-glass w9d[s 9 ! *ur*es ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 full ( tea*+ to a congregation ( :om ! great] "p c\ld n read1 to :om !re=e "o great av5ue ( k 0 clos$4 ,! ignorant are especially impress$ by pictorial tea*+1 & grasp its mean+ f> m readily ?an !y c foll[ a writt5 description or a spok5 disc\rse47#a7 7#a7 ,f4 ,,edw>d ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a43 ,! ,hi/ory1 ,pr9ciples1 & ,practice ( ,symbolism 9 ,*ri/ian ,art 7#aiji71 p4 #b4 ,! subject ( symbolism 9 *ur* ar*itecture is an ext5sive "o1 involv+ _m side issues4 ,9 ^! excursions we %all consid] only "o aspect ( x1 namely1 ! symbolic use ( animal =ms 9 ,engli% *ur* ar*itecture4 ,z ,mr ,,coll9s1 :o has writt51 9 rec5t ye>s1 an int]e/+ "w on ?is topic ( mu* use to ar*aeologi/s z a book ( data17#b;a7 po9ts out1 ! great s\rces ( animal symbolism 7 ! fam\s ,physiologus & o!r natural hi/ory books ( ! ,middle ,ages 7g5]ally call$ ,be/i>ies71 & ! ,bible1 my/ically und]/ood4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy is some:at unsympa!tic t[>ds any attempt to int]pret ! ,bible symbolically1 & c]ta9ly "s ( ! int]pretations t h be5 =c$ ^u x 9 ! "n ( symbolism are crude & fanta/ic en\gh4 ,b 9 ! belief ( ! my/ics1 culm9at+ 9 ! elaborate sy/em ( correspond5ces ( ,,sw$5borg1 t e natural object1 e ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 & e ^w ( ! ,bible1 has a symbolic & spiritual significance1 !re is1 ,i ?9k1 a fundam5tal tru?4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 z ,i h sugge/$ already1 di/+ui% betwe5 true & =c$ symbolism4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians employ$ ! fi% z a symbol ( ,*ri/1 because ! ,greek ^w = fi%1 icqus1 is obta9$ by not>iqon7#a7 f ! phrase gr ',ihs\s ,cri/os ,qe\ ,uios1 ,sw?r--,,jesus ,,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r4 ,( c\rse1 ! obvi\s use ( su* a symbol 0 its entire un9telligibility to ^? :o _h n yet be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 s9ce 9 ! days ( p]secution "s degree ( secrecy 0 necess>y4 ,b ! symbol has significance only 9 ! ,greek language1 & t ( an entirely arbitr>y nature4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ! fi%1 ap>t f its "n 9 ,greek1 :i* r5d]s x suitable to be us$ z a symbol ( ,,*ri/4 ,contra/ ?is pseudo-symbol1 h[ev]1 ) t ( ! ,good ,%eph]d1 ! ,lamb ( ,god 7fig4 #cd71 or ! ,lion ( ,judah4 ,"h we h :at may be reg>d$ z true symbols1 some?+ ( ^: mean+s are cle> to ! smalle/ degree ( spiritual sight1 ev5 ?\gh ! second ( !m has frequ5tly be5 badly mis9t]pret$4 7#b;a7 ,,ar?ur ,h4 ,,coll9s1 ,m4,a43 ,symbolism ( ,animals & ,birds repres5t$ 9 ,engli% ,*ur* ,ar*itecture 7#aiac74 7#a7 ,a ,kabali/ic process by :i* a ^w is =m$ by tak+ ! initial lett]s ( a s5t5ce or phrase4 ,x 0 a belief 9 ! spiritual or moral significance ( nature simil> to t ( ! my/ical expositors ( ! ,bible1 t inspir$ ! m$iaeval naturali/s4 ,! ,be/i>ies almo/ inv>iably conclude ! acc\nt ( ea* animal ) ! moral t might be drawn f its behavi\r4 ,! int]pretations are frequ5tly v f>-fet*$1 & z ! writ]s 7 m int]e/$ 9 ! morals ?an 9 ! facts ( natural hi/ory !mselves1 ! suppos$ facts f :i* !y drew _! morals 7 frequ5tly v f> f be+ ( ! nature ( facts4 ,sometimes ! product ( ?is inaccuracy is grotesque1 z %[n by ! foll[+ quotation3 ,! elephants are 9 an absurd way typical ( ,adam & ,eve1 :o ate ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 & also h ! dragon = _! enemy4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ! elephant444 us$ to sleep by lean+ aga9/ a tree4 ,! hunt]s w\ld come by night1 & cut ! trunk ?r\gh4 ,d[n he w\ld come1 ro>+ helplessly4 ,none ( 8 fri5ds w\ld be able to help him1 until a small elephant %\ld come & lev] him up ) 8 trunk4 ,?is small elephant 0 symbolic ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,:o came 9 great humility to rescue ! human race :i* _h fall5 '?r\gh a tree4' 7#a7 7#a7 ,a4 ,h4 ,,coll9s3 ,symbolism ( ,animals1 etc41 pp4 #da & #db4 ,9 "s cases1 ?\gh ! symbolism is bas$ ^u q errone\s notions conc]n+ natural hi/ory1 & is s f> fanta/ic1 x is n devoid ( *>m4 ,! use ( ! pelican to symbolise ! ,savi\r is a case 9 po9t4 ,leg5d tells u t :5 o!r food is unobta9able1 ! pelican ?ru/s its bill into its brea/ 7:5ce ! r$ col\r ( ! bill7 & fe$s its "y ) its life-blood4 ,7 ?is only a fact1 ! symbol w\ld be mo/ appropriate4 ,!re is ano!r & f> less *>m+ =m ( ! leg5d1 ?\gh m 9 accord ) curr5t p]v]sions ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 accord+ to :i* ! pelican uses its blood to revive its "y1 aft] hav+ sla9 !m ?r\gh ang] ar\s$ by ! great provocation :i* !y are suppos$ to give x4 ,= an example ( ! use ( ! pelican 9 *ur* ar*itecture see fig4 #cf4 ,m5tion mu/ also be made ( ! purely fabul\s animals ( ! ,be/i>ies1 su* z ! basilisk1 c5taur1 dragon1 griff91 hydra1 manti*ora1 unicorn1 pho5ix1 etc4 ,! c5taur 7fig4 #ci7 0 a bea/1 half man1 half horse4 ,x typifi$ ! fle% or c>nal m9d ( man1 & ! leg5d ( ! p]petual w> betwe5 ! c5taur & a c]ta9 tribe ( simple savages :o 7 said to live 9 trees 9 ,india1 symbolis$ ! combat betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s47#a7 7#a7 ,a ,h4 ,,coll9s3 ,symbolism ( ,animals1 etc41 pp4 #aej & #aec4 ,) b[ & arr[ 9 its h&s ! c5taur =ms ! a/rological sign ,sagitt>ius 7or ! ,ar*]74 ,an int]e/+ example ( ?is sign occurr+ 9 *ur* ar*itecture is to be f\nd on ! we/]n doorway ( ,port*e/] ,*ur*--a mo/ beautiful piece ( ,norman ar*itecture4 ,?is sign ( ! ,zodiac1 writes ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a41 a =m] ,vic> ( ,port*e/]1 0 ! badge ( ,k+ ,/eph51 & its pres5ce on ! we/ front 7( ,port*e/] ,*ur*7 seems to indicate1 :at 0 (t5 ! case else:]e1 t ! elaborate ,norman c>v+ 0 n c>ri$ out until aft] ! completion ( ! build+47#b7 ,! facts1 h[ev]1 t ?is ,sagitt>ius is accompani$ on ! o!r side ( ! doorway by a c\ple ( fi%es1 :i* =m ! a/rological sign ,pisces 7or ! ,fi%es71 & t ^! two signs are :at are t]m$1 9 a/rological phraseology1 ! h\ses ( ! planet ,jupit]1 ! ,major ,=tune1 sugge/ t ! ar*itect responsible = ! design1 influ5c$ by ! a/rological notions ( 8 day1 may h put ! signs !re 9 ord] to attract ,jupit]'s b5efic5t influ5ce4 ,or he may h _h ! ,sagitt>ius c>v$ = ! reason ,canon ,,vaughan sugge/s1 & !n1 rememb]+ h[ good a sign x 0 a/rologically1 _h ! ,pisces add$ to complete ! effect47#a;b7 7#b7 ,rev4 ,canon ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a43 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,port*e/] ,ca/le1 p4 #ad4 7#a;b7 ,two o!r possible explanations ( ! ,pisces h be5 sugge/$ by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,headley4 ,9 8 ,,ms4 book writt5 9 #ahhh1 :5 he 0 ,vic> ( ,port*e/]1 he writes3 ,i h discov]$ an int]e/+ pro( t x 7! ,*ur*7 0 f9i%$ 9 ,/eph5's reign1 namely1 ! figure ( ,sagitt>ius 9 ! ,we/]n ,doorway4 ,/eph5 adopt$ ?is z 8 badge = ! d\ble reason t x =m$ "p ( ! arms ( ! city ( ,blois1 & t ! sun 0 9 ,sagitt>ius 9 ,decemb] :5 he came to ! ?rone4 ,i1 !re=e1 conclude t ?is badge 0 plac$ :]e x is to m>k ! completion ( ! *ur*4 ,!re is ano!r sign ( ! ,zodiac 9 ! ar*way1 app>5tly ,pisces4 ,?is may h be5 *os5 to m>k ! mon? 9 :i* ! *ur* 0 f9i%$1 or simply on acc\nt ( its ne>ness to ! sea4 ,at "o "t ,i fanci$ x might ref] to ,m>*1 ! mon? 9 :i* ,lady ,day occurr$1 ?us ref]r+ to ! ,patron ,sa9t1 ,/ ,m>y4 ,z ! sun leaves ,pisces j be=e ,lady ,day ?is does n expla9 x4 ,possibly 9 ! old cal5d> x might d s4 ,?is is a matt] = fur!r rese>*4 7,i h to ?ank ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,,lawr5ce ,,fry1 pres5t ,vic> ( ,port*e/]1 = ?is quotation1 & ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,headley = p]mission to utilise x47 ,! pho5ix & griff9 we h enc\nt]$ already 9 our excursions4 ,! latt]1 we are told1 inhabits des]t places 9 ,india1 :]e x c f9d no?+ = its "y to eat4 ,x flies away to o!r regions to seek food1 & is suffici5tly /rong to c>ry (f an ox4 ,?us x symbolises ! devil1 :o is ev] anxi\s to c>ry away our s\ls to ! des]ts ( hell4 ,fig4 #cg illu/rates an example ( ! use ( ?is symbolic bea/ 9 *ur* ar*itecture4 ,! manti*ora is describ$ by ,,pl9y 7^: /atem5ts 7 unque/ion+ly accept$ by ! m$iaeval naturali/s71 on ! au?ority ( ,,ctesias 7fl4 #djj ,b4,c471 z hav+ ,a triple r[ ( tee?1 :i* fit into ea* o!r l ^? ( a comb1 ! face & e>s ( a man1 & azure eyes1 is ! col\r ( blood1 has ! body ( ! lion1 & a tail end+ 9 a /+1 l t ( ! scorpion4 ,its voice resembles ! union ( ! s\nd ( ! flute & ! trumpet2 x is ( excessive swiftness1 & is p>ticul>ly fond ( human fle%47#a7 7#a7 ,,pl9y3 ,natural ,hi/ory1 bk4 viii4 *ap4 xxx4 7,,bo/ock & ,,riley',s trans41 vol4 ii41 #ahee1 p4 #bhj47 ,conc]n+ ! unicorn1 9 an eighte5?-c5tury "w on natural hi/ory we read t ?is is a ,bea/1 :i* ?\gh d\bt$ ( by _m ,writ]s1 yet is by o!rs ?us describ$3 ,he has b "o ,horn1 & t an exce$+ly ri* "o1 gr[+ out ( ! middle ( 8 ,=ehead4 ,8 ,head resembles an ,h>t's1 8 ,feet an ,elephant's1 8 tail a ,bo>'s1 & ! re/ ( 8 ,body an ,horse's4 ,! ,horn is ab\t a ,foot & half 9 l5g?4 ,8 ,voice is l ! ,l[+ ( an ,ox4 ,8 ,mane & ,hair are ( a yell[i% ,col\r4 ,8 ,horn is z h>d z ,iron1 & z r\gh z any ,file1 twi/$ or curl$1 l a flam+ ,sword2 v /raight1 %>p1 & e :]e black1 except+ ! ,po9t4 ,great ,virtues are attribut$ to x1 9 expell+ ( ,poison & cur+ ( sev]al ,diseases4 ,he is n a ,bea/ ( prey47#b7 ,! me?od ( captur+ ! animal believ$ 9 by m$iaeval writ]s 0 a curi\s "o4 ,! foll[+ is a lit]al translation f ! ,be/i>y ( ,,philippe ,,de ,,?aun 7#ab? c5tury73-- 7#b7 7,,?omas ,,boreman73 ,a ,description ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,animals 7#agcj71 p4 #f4 ,monosc]os is an animal :i* has "o horn on its head1 ,!re=e x is s nam$2 x has ! =m ( a goat1 ,x is caught by means ( a virg91 n[ he> 9 :at mann]4 ,:5 a man int5ds to hunt x & to take & ensn>e x ,he goes to ! =e/ :]e is its repair2 ,!re he places a virg91 ) h] brea/ uncov]$1 ,& by its smell ! monosc]os p]ceives x2 ,!n x comes to ! virg91 & kisses h] brea/1 ,falls asleep on h] lap1 & s comes to its dea?2 ,! man arrives imm$iately1 & kills x 9 its sleep1 ,or takes x alive & does z he likes ) x4 ,x signifies mu*1 ,i w n omit to tell x y4 ,monosc]os is ,greek1 x means "o horn 9 ,fr5*3 ,a bea/ ( su* a description signifies ,jesus ,*ri/2 ,"o ,god he is & %all be1 & 0 & w cont9ue s2 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! virg91 & took fle% = man's sake1 ,& = virg9ity to %[ *a/ity2 ,to a virg9 he ,,appe>$ & a virg9 conceiv$ him1 ,a virg9 %e is1 & w be1 & w rema9 always4 ,n[ he> briefly ! signification4 ,?is animal 9 tru? signifies ,god2 ,"k t ! virg9 signifies ,/ ,m>y2 ,by h] brea/ we und]/& simil>ly ,holy ,*ur*2 ,& !n by ! kiss x ought to signify1 ,t a man :5 he sleeps is 9 semblance ( dea?2 ,god slept z man1 :o suff]$ dea? on ! cross1 ,& 8 de/ruction 0 our r$emption1 ,& 8 lab\r our repose1 ,?us ,god deceiv$ ! ,devil by a prop] semblance2 ,s\l & body 7 "o1 s 0 ,god & man1 ,& ?is is ! signification ( an animal ( t description47#a7 7#a7 ,popul> ,treatises on ,sci5ce writt5 dur+ ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,anglo-,norman1 & ,engli%1 ed4 by ,,?omas ,,wright 7,hi/orical ,society ( ,sci5ce1 #ahda71 pp4 #ha-hb4 ,?is be+ ! curr5t belief conc]n+ ! symbolism ( ! unicorn 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 x is n surpris+ to f9d ?is animal utilis$ 9 *ur* ar*itecture2 = an example see fig4 #ce4 ,! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ^! fabul\s bea/s may v probably h be5 due to ! mat]ialis+ ( :at 7 orig9ally no?+ m ?an m]e arbitr>y symbols1 z ,i h already sugge/$ ( ! pho5ix47#a7 ,?us ! acc\nt ( ! manti*ora may1 z ,,bo/ock has sugge/$1 v well be a description ( c]ta9 hi]oglyphic figures1 examples ( :i* are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ,assyrian & ,p]sian cities4 ,?is explanation seems1 on ! :ole1 m likely ?an ! alt]native hypo!sis t su* beliefs 7 due to mal-obs]vation2 ?\gh t1 no d\bt1 help$ 9 _! =mation4 7#a7 ,sup]/itions conc]n+ ,birds4 ,x may be que/ion$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ! ar*itects & prea*]s ( ! ,middle ,ages altoge!r believ$ 9 ! /range fables ( ! ,be/i>ies4 ,z ,mr ,,coll9s says 9 reply to ?is "q3 ,probably !y 7 cr$ul\s en\gh4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 we may say t ! tru? ( ! /ory 0 j :at !y did n tr\ble ab\t1 any m ?an "s cl]gym5 are p>ticul> ab\t ! absolute tru? ( ! /ories !y tell *ildr5 f ! pulpit4 ,! application1 ! lesson1 is ! ?+6 ,) _! desire to int]pret ,nature spiritually1 we ought1 ,i ?9k1 to sympa?ise4 ,b !re 0 "o tru? !y _h yet to le>n1 namely1 t 9 ord] to int]pret ,nature spiritually1 x is necess>y fir/ to und]/& h] aright 9 h] lit]al s5se4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,que/ ,,( ,,! ,,philosoph]',s ,,/one ,,! ne$ ( unity is a prim>y ne$ ( human ?\ght4 ,beh9d ! v>i$ multiplicity ( ! _w ( ph5om5a1 primitive man1 z ,i h indicat$ on a prec$+ excursion1 beg9s to seek1 m or less consci\sly1 = t ,unity :i* alone is ,real4 ,& ?is /atem5t n only applies to ! fir/ dim grop+s ( ! primitive human m9d1 b sums up almo/ ! :ole ( sci5ce & philosophy2 = almo/ all sci5ce & philosophy is explicitly or implicitly a se>* = unity1 = "o law or "o love1 "o matt] or "o _s4 ,t :i* is ! aim ( ! se>* may1 inde$1 be express$ "u widely diff]5t t]ms1 b x is always conceiv$ to be ! unity 9 :i* all multiplicity is resolv$1 :e!r x be ?\ght ( z "o f9al law ( necessity1 :i* all ?+s obey1 & ( :i* all ! v>i\s o!r laws ( nature are s _m special & limit$ applications2 or z "o f9al love = :i* all ?+s are creat$1 & to :i* all ?+s aspire2 z "o matt] ( :i* all bodies are b v>y+ =ms2 or z "o _s1 :i* is ! life ( all ?+s1 & ( :i* all ?+s are s _m manife/ations4 ,e sci5ti/ & philosoph] is a m]*ant seek+ = goodly pe>ls1 will+ to sell e pe>l t he has1 if he may secure ! ,"o ,pe>l beyond price1 because he kn[s t 9 t ,"o ,pe>l all o!rs are includ$4 ,?is se>* = unity 9 multiplicity1 h[ev]1 is n conf9$ to ! ackn[l$g$ sci5ti/ & philosoph]4 ,m or less unconsci\sly ev]yone is engag$ 9 ?is que/4 ,h>mony & unity are ! v fundam5tal laws ( ! human m9d itself1 &1 9 a s5se1 all m5tal activity is ! endeav\r to br+ ab\t a /ate ( h>mony & unity 9 ! m9d4 ,no two ideas t are contradictory ( "o ano!r1 & are p]ceiv$ to be ( ?is nature1 c p]man5tly exi/ 9 any sane man's m9d4 ,x is true t _m p try to keep c]ta9 portions ( _! m5tal life 9 wat]-tight comp>tm5ts2 ?us "s try to keep _! religi\s convictions & _! bus9ess ideas1 or _! religi\s fai? & _! sci5tific k1 sep>ate f ano!r "o--&1 x seems1 (t5 succe$ rem>kably well 9 s do+4 ,b1 ultimately1 ! arbitr>y m5tal walls !y h erect$ w break d[n by ! =ce ( _! own ideas4 ,contradictory ideas f diff]5t comp>tm5ts w !n pres5t !mselves to consci\sness at ! same mom5t ( "t1 & ! result ( ! p]ception ( _! contradictory nature w be m5tal angui% & turmoil1 p]si/+ until "o set ( ideas is conqu]$ & ov]come by ! o!r1 & h>mony & unity are re/or$4 ,x is true ( all ( u1 !n1 t we seek = ,unity--unity 9 m9d & life4 ,"s seek x 9 sci5ce & a life ( k2 "s seek x 9 religion & a life ( fai?2 "s seek x 9 human love & f9d x 9 ! life ( s]vice to _! fell[s2 "s seek x 9 pleasure & ! gratification ( ! s5ses' dem&s2 "s seek x 9 ! h>moni\s developm5t ( all ! facets ( _! be+4 ,_m ! me?ods1 "r & wrong2 _m ! t]ms "u :i* ! ,"o is conceiv$1 true & false--9 a s5se1 to use ! phraseology ( a bygone sy/em ( philosophy1 we are all1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 foll[+ pa?s t lead ?i!r or pa?s t lead away1 seek]s 9 ! que/ ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one4 ,let u1 9 ^! excursions 9 ! byways ( ?\ght1 consid] = a :ile ! =m t ! que/ ( fundam5tal unity took 9 ! h&s ( ^? curi\s m$iaeval philosoph]s1 half my/ics1 half exp]im5tali/s 9 natural ?+s--t are kn[n by ! "n ( al*emi/s4 ,! common op9ion conc]n+ al*emy is t x 0 a pseudo-sci5ce or pseudo-art fl\ri%+ dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 & hav+ = its aim ! conv]sion ( common metals into silv] & gold by means ( a mo/ m>vell\s & :olly fabul\s ag5t call$ ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 t its devotees 7 half knaves1 half fools1 ^: views conc]n+ ,nature 7 entirely errone\s1 & ^: objects 7 entirely m]c5>y4 ,?is op9ion is n absolutely de/itute ( tru?2 z a sci5ce al*emy involv$ _m fanta/ic errors2 & 9 ! c\rse ( its hi/ory x c]ta9ly prov$ attractive to bo? knaves & fools4 ,b if ?is op9ion involves "s elem5t ( tru?1 x involves a f> great] proportion ( error4 ,among/ ! al*emi/s are numb]$ "s ( ! greate/ intellects ( ! ,middle ,ages--,,rog] ,,bacon 7c4 #abad-abid71 = example1 :o might almo/ be call$ ! fa!r ( exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,& :e!r or n ! desire = mat]ial weal? 0 a second>y object1 ! true aim ( ! g5u9e al*emi/ 0 a mu* nobl] "o ?an ?is z "o ( !m exclaims ) true sci5tific f]v\r3 ,w\ld to ,god444 all m5 might become adepts 9 our ,art--= !n gold1 ! great idol ( mank9d1 w\ld lose its value1 & we %\ld prize x only = its sci5tific tea*+47#a7 ,moreov]1 rec5t developm5ts 9 physical & *emical sci5ce seem to indicate t ! al*emi/s 7 n s utt]ly wrong 9 _! concept ( ,nature z has =m]ly be5 suppos$--t1 :il/ !y c]ta9ly err$ 9 bo? _! me?ods & _! int]pretations ( individual ph5om5a1 !y did intuitively grasp c]ta9 fundam5tal facts conc]n+ ! univ]se (! v greate/ importance4 7#a7 ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s3 ,an ,op5 ,entrance to ! ,clos$ ,palace ( ! ,k+4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 ,re/or$ & ,enl>g$1 ed4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahic1 vol4 ii4 p4 #agh47 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! !ories ( ! al*emi/s are entirely errone\s f beg9n+ to end1 & are n[h]e reliev$ by ! m]e/ glimm] ( tru?4 ,/ill !y 7 believ$ to be true1 & ?is belief _h an important influ5ce ^u human ?\ght4 ,_m m5 ( sci5ce h1 ,i am afraid1 be5 too prone to reg>d ! my/ical views ( ! al*emi/s z un9telligible2 b1 :atev] _! !ories may be to u1 ^! !ories 7 c]ta9ly v real to !m3 x is prepo/]\s to ma9ta9 t ! writ+s ( ! al*emi/s are )\t mean+1 ev5 ?\gh _! views are altoge!r false4 ,& ! m false _! views are believ$ to be1 ! m necess>y does x become to expla9 :y !y %\ld h ga9$ su* univ]sal cr$it4 ,"h we h problems into :i* sci5tific inquiry is n only legitimate1 b1 ,i ?9k1 v desirable1--ap>t altoge!r f ! "q ( ! tru? or falsity ( al*emy z a sci5ce1 or its utility z an art4 ,:at exactly 0 ! sy/em ( beliefs gr\p$ "u ! t]m al*emy1 & :at 0 its aim8 ,:y 7 ! beliefs held8 ,:at 0 _! precise influ5ce ^u human ?\ght & culture8 ,x 0 9 ord] to elucidate problems ( ?is sort1 z well z to det]m9e :at elem5ts ( tru?1 if any1 !re are 9 ! !ories ( ! al*emi/s1 t ,! ,al*emical ,society 0 f\nd$ 9 #aiab1 ma9ly ?r\gh my own ef=ts & ^? ( my confr]es1 & = ! fir/ "t some?+ l ju/ice 0 be+ done to ! memory ( ! al*emi/s :5 ! ,society's activities 7 /ay$ by t greate/ calamity ( hi/ory1 ! ,european ,w>4 ,"s /ud5ts ( ! writ+s ( ! al*emi/s h advanc$ a v curi\s & int]e/+ !ory z to ! aims ( ! al*emi/s1 :i* may be t]m$ ! transc5d5tal !ory4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! al*emi/s 7 conc]n$ only ) ! my/ical processes affect+ ! s\l ( man1 & _! *emical ref]5ces are only to be und]/ood symbolically4 ,9 my op9ion1 h[ev]1 ?is view ( ! subject is r5d]$ unt5able by ! lives ( ! al*emi/s !mselves2 =1 z ,mr ,,waite has v fully po9t$ out 9 8 ,lives ( ,al*emy/ical ,philosoph]s 7#ahhh71 ! lives ( ! al*emi/s %[ !m to h be5 ma9ly conc]n$ ) *emical & physical processes2 &1 inde$1 to _! lab\rs we owe _m valuable discov]ies ( a *emical nature4 ,b ! fact t su* a !ory %\ld ev] h be5 =mulat$1 & %\ld n be altoge!r lack+ 9 consi/5cy1 may s]ve to direct our att5tion to ! close connection betwe5 al*emy & my/icism4 ,if we wi% to und]/& ! orig9 & aims ( al*emy we mu/ endeav\r to recreate ! atmosph]e ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & to look at ! subject f ! po9t ( view ( ! al*emi/s !mselves4 ,n[1 ?is atmosph]e 01 z ,i h indicat$ 9 a previ\s essay1 sur*>g$ ) my/ical !ology & my/ical philosophy4 ,al*emy1 s to speak1 0 g5]at$ & ?rove 9 a dim religi\s light4 ,we _c op5 a book by any "o ( ! bett] sort ( al*emi/s )\t notic+ h[ closely _! !ology & _! *emi/ry are int]wov51 & :at a rem>kably religi\s view !y take ( _! subject4 ,?us "o al*emi/ writes3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 let e dev\t & ,god-fe>+ *emi/ & /ud5t ( ?is ,art consid] t ?is arcanum %\ld be reg>d$1 n only z a truly great1 b z a mo/ holy ,art 7see+ t x typifies & %ad[s out ! highe/ heav5ly good74 ,!re=e1 if any man desire to rea* ?is great & unspeakable ,my/]y1 he mu/ rememb] t x is obta9$ n by ! might ( man1 b by ! grace ( ,god1 & t n our w or desire1 b only ! m]cy ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 c be/[ x ^u u4 ,= ?is reason y mu/ fir/ ( all cleanse y\r he>t1 lift x up to ,him alone1 & ask ( ,him ?is gift 9 true1 e>ne/ & und\bt+ pray]4 ,he alone c give & be/[ x47#a7 ,:il/ ano!r al*emi/ decl>es3 ,i am firmly p]suad$ t any unbeliev] :o got truly to "k ?is ,art1 w\ld /raightway confess ! tru? ( our ,bless$ ,religion1 & believe 9 ! ,tr9ity & 9 our ,"l ,,jesus ,,*ri/47#b7 7#a7 ,! ,sophic ,hydroli?2 or1 ,wat] ,/one ( ! ,wise4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gd & #ge47 7#b7 ,,pet] ,,bonus3 ,! ,new ,pe>l ( ,great ,price 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahid71 p4 #bge4 ,n[1 :at ,i sugge/ is t ! al*emi/s con/ruct$ _! *emical !ories = ! ma9 "p by means ( a priori reason+1 & t ! premises f :i* !y />t$ 7 7i47 ! tru? ( my/ical !ology1 especially ! doctr9e ( ! s\l's reg5]ation1 & 7ii47 ! tru? ( my/ical philosophy1 :i* ass]ts t ! objects ( ,nature are symbols ( spiritual v]ities4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 abundant evid5ce to %[ t al*emy 0 a m or less delib]ate attempt to apply1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( analogy1 ! doctr9es ( religi\s my/icism to *emical & physical ph5om5a4 ,"s ( ?is evid5ce ,i %all attempt to put =w>d 9 ?is essay4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 h[ev]1 ,i propose to say a few words m 9 description ( ! !ological & philosophical doctr9es :i* s greatly influ5c$ ! al*emi/s1 & :i*1 ,i believe1 !y borr[$ = _! attempt$ explanations ( *emical & physical ph5om5a4 ,?is sy/em ( doctr9e ,i h t]m$ my/icism--a ^w :i* is un=tunately equivocal1 & has be5 us$ to d5ote v>i\s sy/ems ( religi\s & philosophical ?\ght1 f ! noble/ to ! mo/ degrad$4 ,i h1 !re=e1 fur!r to def9e my usage ( ! t]m4 ,by my/ical !ology ,i mean t sy/em ( religi\s ?\ght :i* emphasises ! unity betwe5 ,creator & creature1 ?\gh n necess>ily to ! ext5t ( becom+ pan!i/ic4 ,man1 my/ical !ology ass]ts1 has sprung f ,god1 b has fall5 away f ,him ?r\gh self-love4 ,)9 man1 h[ev]1 is ! se$ ( div9e grace1 :]eby1 if he w foll[ ! n>r[ road ( self-r5unciation1 he may be reg5]at$1 born anew1 becom+ trans=m$ into ! lik5ess ( ,god & ultimately indissolubly unit$ to ,god 9 love4 ,god is at once ! ,creator & ! ,re/or] ( man's s\l1 ,he is ! ,orig9 z well z ! ,end ( all exi/5ce2 & ,he is also ! ,way to t ,end4 ,9 ,*ri/ian my/icism1 ,,*ri/ is ! ,patt]n1 t[>ds :i* ! my/ic /rives2 ,,*ri/ also is ! means t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( ?is end4 ,by my/ical philosophy ,i mean t sy/em ( philosophical ?\ght :i* emphasises ! unity ( ! ,cosmos1 ass]t+ t ,god & ! spiritual may be p]ceiv$ imman5t 9 ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 because all ?+s natural are symbols & emblems ( spiritual v]ities4 ,z "o ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses attribut$ to ,,py?agoras1 :i* ,i h quot$ 9 a previ\s essay1 puts x3 ,! ,nature ( ?is ,univ]se is 9 all ?+s alike2 comm5t+ ^u :i*1 ,,hi]ocles1 writ+ 9 ! fif? or six? c5tury1 rem>ks t ,nature1 9 =m+ ?is ,univ]se aft] ! ,div9e ,measure & ,proportion1 made x 9 all ?+s con=mable & l to itself1 analogically 9 diff]5t mann]s4 ,( all ! diff]5t species1 diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole1 x made1 z x 71 an ,image ( ! ,div9e ,beauty1 imp>t+ v>i\sly to ! copy ! p]fections ( ! ,orig9al47#a7 ,we h1 h[ev]1 already enc\nt]$ s _m in/ances ( ?is belief1 t no m ne$ be said "h conc]n+ x4 7#a7 ,comm5t>y ( ,,hi]ocles on ! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,,py?agoras 7trans4 by ,n4 ,,r[e1 #aijf71 pp4 #aja & #ajb4 ,9 f9e1 z ,dean ,,+e well says3 ,religi\s ,my/icism may be def9$ z ! attempt to realise ! pres5ce ( ! liv+ ,god 9 ! s\l & 9 nature1 or1 m g5]ally1 z ! attempt to realise1 9 ?\ght & feel+1 ! imman5ce ( ! temporal 9 ! et]nal1 & ( ! et]nal 9 ! temporal47#b7 7#b7 ,,william ,,ralph ,,+e1 ,m4,a43 ,*ri/ian ,my/icism 7! ,bampton ,lectures1 #ahii71 p4 #e4 ,n[1 doctr9es su* z ^! 7 n only v preval5t dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 :5 al*emy s greatly fl\ri%$1 b are ( great antiquity1 & 7 und\bt$ly believ$ 9 by ! le>n$ class 9 ,egypt & else:]e 9 ! ,ea/ 9 ^? remote days :51 z "s ?9k1 al*emy orig9at$1 ?\gh ! evid5ce1 z w1 ,i hope1 become pla9 z we proce$1 po9ts to a lat] & po/-,*ri/ian orig9 = ! c5tral !orem ( al*emy4 ,s f> z we c judge f _! writ+s1 ! m important al*emi/s 7 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ^! doctr9es1 & x 0 ) su* beliefs 9 m9d t !y comm5c$ _! inve/igations ( physical & *emical ph5om5a4 ,inde$1 if we may judge by ! e/eem 9 :i* ! ,h]metic maxim1 ,:at is above is z t :i* is bel[1 :at is bel[ is z t :i* is above1 to accompli% ! miracles ( ! ,"o ,?+1 0 held by e al*emi/1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t ! my/ical !ory ( ! spiritual significance ( ,nature--a !ory ) :i*1 z we h se51 is closely connect$ ! ,neoplatonic & ,kabali/ic doctr9e t all ?+s emanate 9 s]ies f ! ,div9e ,s\rce ( all ,be+--0 at ! v he>t ( al*emy4 ,z writes "o al*emi/3 444 ! ,sages h be5 taught ( ,god t ?is natural _w is only an image & mat]ial copy ( a heav5ly & spiritual patt]n2 t ! v exi/5ce ( ?is _w is bas$ ^u ! reality ( its cele/ial ar*etype2 & t ,god has creat$ x 9 imitation ( ! spiritual & invisible univ]se1 9 ord] t m5 might be ! bett] enabl$ to compreh5d ,8 heav5ly tea*+1 & ! wond]s ( ,8 absolute & ineffable p[] & wisdom4 ,?us ! sage sees heav5 reflect$ 9 ,nature z 9 a mirror2 & he pursues ?is ,art1 n = ! sake ( gold or silv]1 b = ! love ( ! k :i* x reveals2 he jeal\sly conceals x f ! s9n] & ! scornful1 le/ ! my/]ies ( heav5 %\ld be laid b>e to ! vulg> gaze47#a7 7#a7 ,,mi*ael ,,s5divogius 7873 ,! ,new ,*emical ,light1 ,pt4 ,,ii41 ,conc]n+ ,sulphur4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ach47 ,! al*emi/s1 ,i hold1 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ?is view ( ,nature1 i4e4 t pr9ciples true ( "o plane ( be+ are true also ( all o!r planes1 adopt$ analogy z _! guide 9 deal+ ) ! facts ( *emi/ry & physics kn[n to !m4 ,!y endeav\r$ to expla9 ^! facts by an application to !m ( ! pr9ciples ( my/ical !ology1 _! *ief aim be+ to prove ! tru? ( ^! pr9ciples z appli$ to ! facts ( ! natural realm1 & by /udy+ natural ph5om5a to become in/ruct$ 9 spiritual tru?4 ,!y did n proce$ by ! sure1 b sl[1 me?od ( mod]n sci5ce1 i4e4 ! me?od ( induction1 :i* que/ions exp]i5ce at e /ep 9 ! con/ruction ( a !ory2 b !y boldly all[$ _! imag9ations to leap ahead & to =mulate a complete !ory ( ! ,cosmos on ! /r5g? ( b few facts4 ,?is l$ !m into _m fanta/ic errors1 b ,i w\ld n v5ture to d5y !m an intuitive p]ception ( c]ta9 fundam5tal tru?s conc]n+ ! con/itution ( ! ,cosmos1 ev5 if !y di/ort$ ^! tru?s & dress$ !m 9 a fanta/ic g>b4 ,n[1 z ,i hope to make pla9 9 ! c\rse ( ?is excursion1 ! al*emi/s reg>d$ ! discov]y ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one & ! transmutation ( base metals into gold z ! consummation ( ! pro( ( ! doctr9es ( my/ical !ology z appli$ to *emical ph5om5a1 & x 0 z su* t !y s ard5tly s\ght to a*ieve ! magnum opus1 z ?is transmutation 0 call$4 ,( c\rse1 x w\ld be useless to d5y t _m1 accept+ ! tru? ( ! great al*emical !orem1 s\ght = ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one because ( :at 0 claim$ = x 9 ! way ( mat]ial b5efits4 ,b1 z ,i h already indicat$1 ) ! nobl] al*emi/s ?is 0 n ! case1 & ! desire = weal?1 if pres5t at all1 0 m]ely a second>y object4 ,! idea express$ 9 ,,dalton',s atomic hypo!sis 7#ahjb71 & univ]sally held dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury1 t ! mat]ial _w is made up ( a c]ta9 limit$ numb] ( elem5ts unalt]able 9 quantity1 subject 9 !mselves to no *ange or developm5t1 & inconv]tible "o into ano!r1 is q ali5 to ! views ( ! al*emi/s4 ,! al*emi/s conceiv$ ! univ]se to be a unity2 !y believ$ t all mat]ial bodies _h be5 develop$ f "o se$2 _! elem5ts are m]ely diff]5t =ms ( "o matt] &1 !re=e1 conv]tible "o into ano!r4 ,!y 7 ?or\ghgo+ evolutioni/s ) reg>d to ! ?+s ( ! mat]ial _w1 & _! !ory conc]n+ ! evolution ( ! metals 01 ,i believe1 ! direct outcome ( a metallurgical application ( ! my/ical doctr9e ( ! s\l's developm5t & reg5]ation4 ,! metals1 !y taught1 all spr+ f ! same se$ 9 ,nature's womb1 b are n all equally matur$ & p]fect2 =1 z !y say1 al?\gh ,nature always int5ds to produce only gold1 v>i\s impurities imp$e ! process4 ,9 ! metals ! al*emi/s saw symbols ( man 9 ! v>i\s /ages ( 8 spiritual developm5t4 ,gold1 ! mo/ beautiful z well z ! mo/ unt>ni%able metal1 keep+ its beauty p]man5tly1 unaffect$ by sulphur1 mo/ acids1 & fire--inde$1 purifi$ by su* treatm5t1--gold1 to ! al*emi/1 0 ! symbol ( reg5]ate man1 & !re=e he call$ x a noble metal4 ,silv] 0 also t]m$ noble2 b x 0 reg>d$ z less mature ?an gold1 =1 al?\gh x is und\bt$ly beautiful & )/&s ! action ( fire1 x is corrod$ by nitric acid & is black5$ by sulphur2 x 01 !re=e1 consid]$ to be analog\s to ! reg5]ate man at a l[] /age ( 8 developm5t4 ,possibly we %all n be f> wrong 9 us+ ,,sw$5borg',s t]ms1 cele/ial to describe ! man ( gold1 spiritual to designate him ( silv]4 ,lead1 on ! o!r h&1 ! al*emi/s reg>d$ z a v immature & impure metal3 heavy & dull1 corrod$ by sulphur & nitric acid1 & conv]t$ into a calx by ! action ( fire1--lead1 to ! al*emi/s1 0 a symbol ( man 9 a s9ful & unreg5]ate condition4 ,! al*emi/s assum$ ! exi/5ce ( ?ree pr9ciples 9 ! metals1 _! obvi\s reason = s do+ be+ ! my/ical ?reefold division ( man into body1 s\l 7i4e4 affections & w71 & _s 7i4e4 intellig5ce71 ?\gh ! pr9ciple correspond+ to body 0 a comp>atively late introduction 9 al*emical philosophy4 ,?is latt] fact1 h[ev]1 is no argum5t aga9/ my !sis2 because1 ( c\rse1 ,i d n ma9ta9 t ! al*emi/s />t$ out ) _! *emical philosophy ready made1 b gradually work$ x out1 by incorporat+ 9 x fur!r doctr9es drawn f my/ical !ology4 ,! ?ree pr9ciples j ref]r$ to 7 call$ m]cury1 sulphur1 & salt2 & !y mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! common bodies s designat$ 7?\gh ! al*emi/s !mselves seem (t5 guilty ( confus+ !m74 ,m]cury is ! metallic pr9ciple p> excell5ce1 conf]r+ on metals _! brightness & fusibility1 & correspond+ to ! _s or intellig5ce 9 man47#a7 ,sulphur1 ! pr9ciple ( combu/ion & col\r1 is ! analogue ( ! s\l4 ,_m al*emi/s po/ulat$ two sulphurs 9 ! metals1 an inw>d & an outw>d47#a;b7 ,! outw>d sulphur 0 ?\ght to be ! *ief cause ( metallic impurity1 & ! reason :y all 7kn[n7 metals1 save gold & silv]1 7 act$ on by fire4 ,! inw>d sulphur1 on ! o!r h&1 0 reg>d$ z ess5tial to ! developm5t ( ! metals3 pure m]cury1 we are told1 matur$ by a pure inw>d sulphur yields pure gold4 ,"h aga9 x is evid5t t ! al*emi/s borr[$ _! !ories f my/ical !ology2 =1 cle>ly1 inw>d sulphur is no?+ else ?an ! equival5t to love ( ,god2 outw>d sulphur to love ( self4 ,intellig5ce 7m]cury7 matur$ by love to ,god 7inw>d sulphur7 exactly expresses ! spiritual /ate ( ! reg5]ate man accord+ to my/ical !ology4 ,!re is no reason1 o!r ?an _! belief 9 analogy1 :y ! al*emi/s %\ld h held su* views conc]n+ ! metals4 ,salt1 ! pr9ciple ( solidity & resi/ance to fire1 correspond+ to ! body 9 man1 plays a comp>atively unimportant "p 9 al*emical !ory1 z does its prototype 9 my/ical !ology4 7#a7 ,! id5tification ( ! god ,,m]cury ) ,,?o?1 ! ,egyptian god ( le>n+1 is wor? notic+ 9 ?is connection4 7#a;b7 ,pseudo-,,geb]1 ^: writ+s 7 highly e/eem$1 = in/ance4 ,see ,r4 ,,russel',s translation ( 8 works 7#afgh71 p4 #afj4 ,n[1 z ,i h po9t$ out already1 ! c5tral !orem ( my/ical !ology is1 9 ,*ri/ian t]m9ology1 t ( ! reg5]ation ( ! s\l by ! ,_s ( ,,*ri/4 ,! correspond+ process 9 al*emy is t ( ! transmutation ( ! base metals into silv] & gold by ! ag5cy ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one4 ,m]ely to remove ! evil sulphur ( ! base metals1 ?\ght ! al*emi/s1 ?\gh necess>y1 is n suffici5t to transmute !m into noble metals2 a matur+ process is ess5tial1 simil> to t :i* !y suppos$ 0 effect$ 9 ,nature's womb4 ,my/ical !ology tea*es t ! p[]s & life ( ! s\l are n inh]5t 9 x1 b are giv5 by ! free grace ( ,god4 ,nei!r1 accord+ to ! al*emi/s1 are ! p[]s & life ( nature 9 h]self1 b 9 t imman5t _s1 ! ,s\l ( ! ,_w1 t animates h]4 ,z writes ! fam\s al*emi/ :o adopt$ ! pleas+ pseudonym ( ,,basil ,,val5t9e 7c4 #afjj71 ! p[] ( gr[?444 is imp>t$ n by ! e>?1 b by ! life-giv+ _s t is 9 x4 ,if ! e>? 7 des]t$ by ?is _s1 x w\ld be dead1 & no long] able to af=d n\ri%m5t to any?+4 ,= its sulphur or ri*ness w\ld lack ! quick5+ _s )\t :i* !re c be nei!r life nor gr[?47#a;a7 ,to p]fect ! metals1 !re=e1 ! al*emi/s argu$1 f analogy ) my/ical !ology1 :i* tea*es t m5 c be reg5]at$ only by ! p[] ( ,,*ri/ )9 ! s\l1 t x is necess>y to subject !m to ! action ( ?is _w-_s1 ?is "o ess5ce und]ly+ all ! v>i$ p[]s ( nature1 ?is ,"o ,?+ f :i* all ?+s 7 produc$444 by adaption1 & :i* is ! cause ( all p]fection ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w47#b;a7 ,?is1 writes "o al*emi/1 is ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 :i* ! _w _c compreh5d )\t ! int]position ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 or )\t ! in/ruction ( ^? :o "k x4 ,! same is ( a my/]i\s nature1 wondr\s /r5g?1 b\ndless p[]4444 ,by ,avic5na ?is ,_s is nam$ ! ,s\l ( ! ,_w4 ,=1 z ! ,s\l moves all ! limbs ( ! ,body1 s also does ?is ,_s move all bodies4 ,& z ! ,s\l is 9 all ! limbs ( ! ,body1 s also is ?is ,_s 9 all elem5t>y creat$ ?+s4 ,x is s\ght by _m & f\nd by few4 ,x is beheld f af> & f\nd ne>2 = x exi/s 9 e ?+1 9 e place1 & at all times4 ,x has ! p[]s ( all creatures2 its action is f\nd 9 all elem5ts1 & ! qualities ( all ?+s are !re91 ev5 9 ! highe/ p]fection444 x heals all dead & liv+ bodies )\t o!r m$ic9e444 conv]ts all metallic bodies into gold1 & !re is no?+ l unto x "u ,heav547#a;b7 ,x 0 ?is ,_s1 conc5trat$ 9 all its pot5cy 9 a suitable mat]ial =m1 :i* ! al*emi/s s\ght "u ! "n ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one4 ,n[1 my/ical !ology tea*es t ! ,_s ( ,,*ri/1 by :i* alone ! s\l ( man c be t9ctur$ & transmut$ into ! lik5ess ( ,god1 is ,goodness itself2 consequ5tly1 ! al*emi/s argu$ t ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one mu/ be1 s to speak1 ,gold itself1 or ! v ess5ce ( ,gold3 x 0 to !m1 z ,,*ri/ is ( ! s\l's p]fection1 at once ! patt]n & ! means ( metallic p]fection4 ,! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 decl>es ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s 7nat4 c4 #afbc71 is a c]ta9 heav5ly1 spiritual1 p5etrative1 & fix$ sub/ance1 :i* br+s all metals to ! p]fection ( gold or silv] 7accord+ to ! quality ( ! ,m$ic9e71 & t by natural me?ods1 :i* yet 9 _! effects transc5d ,nature4444 ,"k1 !n1 t x is call$ a /one1 n because x is l a /one1 b only because1 by virtue ( its fix$ nature1 x resi/s ! action ( fire z successfully z any /one4 ,9 species x is gold1 m pure ?an ! pure/2 x is fix$ & incombu/ible l a /one 7i4e4 x conta9s no outw>d sulphur1 b only inw>d1 fix$ sulphur71 b its appe>ance is t ( a v f9e p[d]1 impalpable to ! t\*1 sweet to ! ta/e1 fragrant to ! smell1 9 pot5cy a mo/ p5etrative _s1 app>5tly dry & yet unctu\s1 & easily capable ( t+e+ a plate ( metal4444 ,if we say t its nature is spiritual1 x w\ld be no m ?an ! tru?2 if we describ$ x z corporeal ! expression w\ld be equally correct2 = x is subtle1 p5etrative1 glorifi$1 spiritual gold4 ,x is ! noble/ ( all creat$ ?+s aft] ! rational s\l1 & has virtue to repair all defects bo? 9 animal & metallic bodies1 by re/or+ !m to ! mo/ exact & p]fect temp]2 :]e=e is x a _s or 'qu9tess5ce4'7#a;c7 7#a;a7 ,,basil ,,val5t9e3 ,! ,twelve ,keys4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ccc & #ccd47 7#b;a7 ,f ! ,sm>agd9e ,table1 attribut$ to ,,h]mes ,,trismegi/os 7ie4 ,,m]cury or ,,?o?74 7#a;b7 ,! ,book ( ! ,revelation ( ,,h]mes1 int]pret$ by ,,!ophra/us ,,p>acelsus1 conc]n+ ! ,supreme ,secret ( ! ,_w4 7,see ,,b5$ictus ,,figulus1 ,a ,gold5 & ,bless$ ,casket ( ,nature's ,m>vels1 trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahic1 pp4 #cf1 #cg1 & #da47 7#a;c7 ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s3 ,a ,brief ,guide to ! ,cele/ial ,ruby4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bdf & #bdi47 ,9 o!r acc\nts ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 or at lea/ ! mat]ia prima ( :i* x is comp\nd$1 is spok5 ( z a despis$ sub/ance1 reckon$ to be ( no value4 ,?us1 accord+ to "o curi\s al*emi/ic "w1 ,?is matt]1 s preci\s by ! excell5t ,gifts1 :]e) ,nature has enri*$ x1 is truly mean1 ) reg>d to ! ,sub/ances f :5ce x d]ives its ,orig9al4 ,_! price is n above ! ,ability ( ! ,poor4 ,t5 ,p5ce is m ?an suffici5t to pur*ase ! ,matt] ( ! ,/one4444 ,! matt] !re=e is mean1 consid]+ ! ,f\ndation ( ! ,art because x co/s v little2 x is no less mean1 if "o consid]s ext]i\rly t :i* gives x ,p]fection1 s9ce 9 t reg>d x co/s no?+ at all1 9 z mu* z all ! ,_w has x 9 its ,p[]444 s t444 x is a con/ant ,tru?1 t ! ,/one is a ,?+ mean 9 "o ,s5se1 b t 9 ano!r x is mo/ preci\s1 & t !re are none b ,fools t despise x1 by a j ,judgm5t ( ,god47#a7 ,& ,,jacob ,,boehme 7#aege--afbd7 writes3 ,! philosoph]'s /one is a v d>k1 dise/eem$ /one1 ( a grey col\r1 b !re9 lie? ! highe/ t9cture47#b7 ,9 ^! passages !re is probably "s ref]5ce to ! ubiquity ( ! ,_s ( ! ,_w1 already ref]r$ to 9 a =m] quotation4 ,b ?is fact is n1 9 itself1 suffici5t to acc\nt = !m4 ,i sugge/ t _! orig9 is to be f\nd 9 ! religi\s doctr9e t ,god's ,grace1 ! ,_s ( ,,*ri/ t is ! means ( ! transmutation ( man's s\l into spiritual gold1 is free to all2 t x is1 at once1 ! meane/ & ! mo/ preci\s ?+ 9 ! :ole ,univ]se4 ,inde$1 ,i ?9k x q probable t ! al*emi/s :o p5n$ ! above-quot$ passages _h 9 m9d ! words ( ,,isaiah1 ,he 0 despis$ & we e/eem$ him n4 ,& if fur!r evid5ce is requir$ t ! al*emi/s believ$ 9 a correspond5ce betwe5 ,,*ri/--! ,/one :i* ! build]s reject$--& ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 ref]5ce may be made to ! al*emical "w call$ ,! ,sophic ,hydroli?3 or ,wat] ,/one ( ! ,wise1 a tract includ$ 9 ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 9 :i* ?is suppos$ correspond5ce is explicitly ass]t$ & dealt ) 9 "s detail4 7#a7 ,a ,disc\rse betwe5 ,eudoxus & ,pyrophilus1 ^u ! ,anci5t ,w> ( ! ,knights4 ,see ,! ,h]metical ,triumph3 or1 ! ,victori\s ,philosophical ,/one 7#agbc71 pp4 #aja & #ajb4 7#b7 ,,jacob ,,boehme3 ,epi/les 7trans4 by ,j4 ,e41 #afdi1 repr9t$ #ahhf71 ,ep4 iv41 ,,se ,,iii4 ,ap>t f ! al*emi/s' belief 9 ! analogy betwe5 natural & spiritual ?+s1 x is1 ,i ?9k1 incr$ible t any su* !ories ( ! metals & ! possibility ( _! transmutation or reg5]ation by su* an extraord9>y ag5t z ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one w\ld h occurr$ to ! anci5t inve/igators ( ,nature's secrets4 ,:5 !y _h />t$ to =mulate ^! !ories1 facts7#a7 7 discov]$ :i* appe>$ to support !m2 b x is1 ,i sugge/1 practically impossible to suppose t any or all ( ^! facts w\ld1 9 !mselves1 h be5 suffici5t to give rise to su* wond]fully fanta/ic !ories z ^!3 x is only f ! /&po9t ( ! !ory t al*emy 0 a direct (fspr+ ( my/icism t its orig9 seems to be capable ( explanation4 7#a7 ,"o ( ^? facts1 among/ _m o!rs1 t appe>$ to confirm ! al*emical doctr9es1 0 ! ease ) :i* iron c\ld app>5tly be transmut$ into copp]4 ,x 0 e>ly obs]v$ t iron vessels plac$ 9 contact ) a solution ( blue vitriol became conv]t$ 7at lea/1 s f> z _! surfaces 7 conc]n$7 into copp]4 ,?is we n[ "k to be due to ! fact t ! copp] orig9ally conta9$ 9 ! vitriol is ?r[n out ( solution1 :il/ ! iron takes its place4 ,& we "k1 also1 t no m copp] c be obta9$ 9 ?is way f ! blue vitriol ?an is actually us$ up 9 prep>+ x2 &1 fur!r1 t all ! iron :i* is app>5tly conv]t$ into copp] c be got out ( ! residual solution by appropriate me?ods1 if su* be desir$2 s t ! facts really support ,,dalton',s !ory r ?an ! al*emical doctr9es4 ,b to ! al*emi/ x look$ l a real transmutation ( iron into copp]1 confirmation ( 8 fond belief t iron & o!r base metals c\ld be transmut$ into silv] & gold by ! aid ( ! ,great ,arcanum ( ,nature4 ,9 all ! al*emical doctr9es my/ical connections are evid5t1 & my/ical orig9s c g5]ally be trac$4 ,i %all cont5t myself "h ) giv+ a c\ple ( fur!r examples4 ,consid]1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! al*emical doctr9e ( purification by putrefaction1 t ! metals mu/ die be=e !y c be resurrect$ & truly live1 t ?r\gh dea? alone are !y purifi$--9 ! m prosaic language ( mod]n *emi/ry1 dea? becomes oxidation1 & rebir? becomes r$uction4 ,9 _m al*emical books !re are to be f\nd pictorial symbols ( ! putrefaction & dea? ( metals & _! new bir? 9 ! /ate ( silv] or gold1 or z ! ,/one itself1 toge!r ) descriptions ( ^! processes4 ,! al*emi/s s\ght to kill or de/roy ! body or outw>d =m ( ! metals1 9 ! hope t !y might get at & utilise ! liv+ ess5ce !y believ$ to be imman5t )94 ,z ,,p>acelsus put x3 ,no?+ ( true value is locat$ 9 ! body ( a sub/ance1 b 9 ! virtue444 ! less !re is ( body1 ! m 9 proportion is ! virtue4 ,x seems to me q obvi\s t 9 su* ideas z ^! we h ! application to metallurgy ( ! my/ic doctr9e ( self-r5unciation--t ! s\l mu/ die to self be=e x c live to ,god2 t ! body mu/ be sacrific$ to ! _s1 & ! individual w b[$ d[n utt]ly to ! ,"o ,div9e ,w1 be=e x c become "o !re)4 ,9 ! second place1 consid] ! directions z to ! col\rs t mu/ be obta9$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 if a successful issue to ! ,great ,"w is desir$4 ,su* directions are frequ5tly giv5 9 consid]able detail 9 al*emical works2 &1 )\t ass]t+ any exact uni=mity1 ,i ?9k t ,i may /ate t practically all ! al*emi/s agree t ?ree great col\r-/ages are necess>y--7i47 an inky blackness1 :i* is t]m$ ! ,cr['s ,head & is indicative ( putrefaction2 7ii47 a :ite col\r indicat+ t ! ,/one is n[ capable ( conv]t+ base metals into silv]2 ?is passes ?r\gh orange into 7iii47 a r$ col\r1 :i* %[s t ! ,/one is n[ p]fect1 & w transmute base metals into gold4 ,n[1 :at 0 ! reason = ! belief 9 ^! ?ree col\r-/ages1 & = _! occurr5ce 9 ! above ord]8 ,i sugge/ t no al*emi/ actually obta9$ ^! col\rs 9 ?is ord] 9 8 *emical exp]im5ts1 & t we mu/ look = a speculative orig9 = ! belief 9 !m4 ,we h1 ,i ?9k1 only to turn to religi\s my/icism = ?is orig94 ,= ! expon5ts ( religi\s my/icism unanim\sly agree to a ?reefold division ( ! life ( ! my/ic4 ,! fir/ /age is call$ ! d>k night ( ! s\l1 :]e9 x seems z if ! s\l 7 des]t$ by ,god1 al?\gh ,he is v ne>4 ,x is ! "t ( trial1 :5 self is sacrific$ z a duty & n z a delight4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 comes ! morn+ light ( a new intellig5ce1 :i* m>ks ! comm5cem5t ( t /age ( ! s\l's upw>d progress t is call$ ! illum9ative life4 ,all ! m5tal p[]s are n[ conc5trat$ on ,god1 & ! /ruggle is transf]r$ f )\t to ! inn] man1 good works be+ n[ done1 z x 71 spontane\sly4 ,! disciple1 9 ?is /age1 n only does unselfi% de$s1 b does !m f unselfi% motives1 be+ guid$ by ! light ( ,div9e ,tru?4 ,! ?ird /age1 :i* is ! consummation ( ! process1 is t]m$ ! contemplative life4 ,x is b>ely describable4 ,! disciple is wrapp$ ab\t ) ! ,div9e ,love1 & is unit$ !reby ) 8 ,div9e ,s\rce4 ,x is ! life ( love1 z ! illum9ative life is t ( wisdom4 ,i sugge/ t ! al*emi/s1 believ+ 9 ?is ?reefold division ( ! reg5]ative process1 argu$ t !re mu/ be ?ree simil> /ages 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,/one1 :i* 0 ! patt]n ( all metallic p]fection2 & t !y d]iv$ _! beliefs conc]n+ ! col\rs1 & o!r peculi>ities ( ea* /age 9 ! suppos$ *emical process1 f ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* /age 9 ! psy*ological process accord+ to my/ical !ology4 ,moreov]1 9 ! c\rse ( ! latt] process _m flitt+ ?\ghts & affections arise & de$s are half-witt+ly done :i* are n ( ! s\l's true "*2 & 9 entire agreem5t ) ?is1 we read ( ! al*emical process1 9 ! highly e/eem$ ,canons ( ,d',,espagnet3 ,besides ^! decretory signs 7i4e4 ! black1 :ite1 orange1 & r$ col\rs7 :i* firmly inh]e 9 ! matt]1 & %ew its ess5tial mutations1 almo/ inf9ite col\rs appe>1 & %ew !mselves 9 vap\rs1 z ! ,ra9b[ 9 ! cl\ds1 :i* quickly pass away & are expell$ by ^? t succe$1 m affect+ ! air ?an ! e>?3 ! op]ator mu/ h a g5tle c>e ( !m1 because !y are n p]man5t1 & proce$ n f ! intr9sic disposition ( ! matt]1 b f ! fire pa9t+ & fa%ion+ ev]y?+ aft] its pleasure1 or casually by heat 9 slight moi/ure47#a7 ,t ,d',,espagnet is argu+1 n s mu* f actual *emical exp]im5ts1 z f analogy ) psy*ological processes 9 man1 is1 ,i ?9k1 evid5t4 7#a7 ,,jean ,d',,espagnet3 ,h]metic ,arcanum1 canon #fe4 7,see ,collectanea ,h]metica1 ed4 by ,w4 ,,wynn ,,we/cott1 vol4 i41 #ahic1 pp4 #bh & #bi47 ,z well z a metallic1 ! al*emi/s believ$ 9 a physiological1 application ( ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( my/icism3 _! physiology 0 analogically connect$ ) _! metallurgy1 ! same pr9ciples hold+ good 9 ea* case4 ,,p>acelsus1 z we h se51 taught t man is a microcosm1 a _w 9 m9iature2 8 _s1 ! ,div9e ,sp>k )91 is f ,god2 8 s\l is f ! ,/>s1 extract$ f ! ,_s ( ! ,_w2 & 8 body is f ! e>?1 extract$ f ! elem5ts ( :i* all ?+s mat]ial are made4 ,?is view ( man 0 %>$ by _m o!r al*emi/s4 ,! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 !re=e 7or1 r1 a solution ( x 9 alcohol7 0 also reg>d$ z ! ,elixir ( ,life2 :i*1 ?\ght ! al*emi/s1 w\ld n end[ man ) physical immortality1 z is sometimes suppos$1 b re/ore him aga9 to ! fl[] ( y\?1 reg5]at+ him physiologically4 ,fail+ ?is1 ( c\rse1 !y reg>d$ gold 9 a potable =m z ! next mo/ p[]ful m$ic9e--a belief :i* probably l$ to injuri\s effects 9 "s cases4 ,su* are ! facts f :i* ,i ?9k we are ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+1 z ,i h said1 t ! al*emi/s con/ruct$ _! *emical !ories = ! ma9 "p by means ( a priori reason+1 & t ! premises f :i* !y />t$ 7 7i47 ! tru? ( my/ical !ology1 especially ! doctr9e ( ! s\l's reg5]ation1 & 7ii47 ! tru? ( my/ical philosophy1 :i* ass]ts t ! objects ( nature are symbols ( spiritual v]ities47#a7 7#a7 ,9 ! foll[+ excursion we w w&] aga9 9 ! al*emical bypa?s ( ?\ght1 & c]ta9 objections to ?is view ( ! orig9 & nature ( al*emy w be dealt ) &1 ,i hope1 satisfactorily answ]$4 ,x seems to foll[1 ex hypo!si1 t e al*emical "w ought to p]mit ( two int]pretations1 "o physical1 ! o!r transc5d5tal4 ,b ,i w\ld n v5ture to ass]t ?is1 because1 z ,i ?9k1 _m ( ! less] al*emi/s knew little ( ! orig9 ( _! !ories1 nor realis$ _! significance4 ,!y 7 conc]n$ m]ely ) ^! !ories 9 _! /rictly metallurgical applications1 & any transc5d5tal mean+ we c extract f _! works 0 n int5d$ by ! writ]s !mselves4 ,h[ev]1 _m al*emi/s1 ,i conceive1 especially ! bett] sort1 realis$ m or less cle>ly ! dual nature ( _! subject1 & _! books are to "s ext5t int5d$ to p]mit ( a d\ble int]pretation1 al?\gh ! emphasis is laid ^u ! physical & *emical application ( my/ical doctr9e4 ,& !re are a few writ]s :o adopt$ al*emical t]m9ology on ! pr9ciple t1 if ! language ( !ology is compet5t to describe *emical processes1 !n1 conv]sely1 ! language ( al*emy mu/ be compet5t to describe psy*ological processes3 ?is is c]ta9ly & entirely true ( ,,jacob ,,boehme1 &1 to "s ext5t also1 ,i ?9k1 ( ,,h5ry ,,khunra? 7#aefj-afje7 & ,,?omas ,,vaughan 7#afbb-afff74 ,z may be easily und]/ood1 _m ( ! al*emi/s l$ mo/ romantic lives1 (t5 runn+ ! risk ( torture & dea? at ! h&s ( av>ici\s pr9ces :o believ$ !m to be 9 possession ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 & adopt$ su* pleasant me?ods ( extort+ 7or1 at lea/1 ( try+ to extort7 _! secrets4 ,a brief sket*1 :i* ,i quote f my ,al*emy3 ,anci5t & ,mod]n 7#aiaa71 ,,se #ed1 ( ! lives ( ,,alex&] ,,se?on & ,,mi*ael ,,s5divogius1 w s]ve z an example3-- ,! date & bir?place ( ,,alex&] ,,se?on1 a ,scotti% al*emi/1 d n appe> to h be5 record$1 b ,,mi*ael ,,s5divogius 0 probably born 9 ,moravia ab\t #aeff4 ,se?on1 we are told1 0 9 possession ( ! ar*-secrets ( ,al*emy4 ,he visit$ ,holl& 9 #afjb1 proce$$ aft] a "t to ,italy1 & pass$ ?r\gh ,basle to ,g]many2 mean:ile he is said to h p]=m$ _m transmutations4 ,ultimately arriv+ at ,dresd51 h[ev]1 he fell into ! clut*es ( ! "y ,elector1 ,*ri/ian ,,ii41 :o1 9 ord] to extort 8 secret1 ca/ him into prison & put him to ! torture1 b )\t avail4 ,n[ x s happ5$ t ,s5divogius1 :o 0 9 que/ ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 0 /ay+ at ,dresd51 & he>+ ( ,se?on's imprisonm5t obta9$ p]mission to visit him4 ,s5divogius (f]$ to effect ,se?on's escape 9 return = assi/ance 9 8 al*emi/ic pursuits1 to :i* arrangem5t ! ,scotti% al*emi/ will+ly agre$4 ,aft] "s consid]able outlay ( money 9 brib]y1 ,s5divogius's plan ( escape 0 successfully c>ri$ out1 & ,se?on f\nd himself a free man2 b he refus$ to betray ! high secrets ( ,h]metic philosophy to 8 rescu]4 ,h[ev]1 be=e 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ %ortly aft]w>ds1 he pres5t$ him ) an ounce ( ! transmutative p[d]4 ,s5divogius soon us$ up ?is p[d]1 we are told1 9 effect+ transmutations & cures1 &1 be+ fond ( exp5sive liv+1 he m>ri$ ,se?on's wid[1 9 ! hope t %e 0 9 ! possession ( ! transmutative secret4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 he 0 disappo9t$2 %e knew no?+ ( ! matt]1 b %e _h ! manuscript ( an al*emi/ic "w writt5 by h] late husb&4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,s5divogius pr9t$ at ,prague a book entitl$ ,! ,new ,*emical ,light "u ! "n ( ',cosmopolita1' :i* is said to h be5 ?is "w ( ,se?on's1 b :i* ,s5divogius claim$ = 8 own by ! ins]tion ( 8 "n on ! title page1 9 ! =m ( an anagram4 ,! tract ,on ,sulphur :i* 0 pr9t$ at ! end ( ! book 9 lat] editions1 h[ev]1 is said to h be5 ! g5u9e "w ( ! ,moravian4 ,:il/ 8 p[d] la/$1 ,s5divogius travell$ ab\t1 p]=m+1 we are told1 _m transmutations4 ,he 0 twice imprison$ 9 ord] to extort ! secrets ( al*emy f him1 on "o occasion escap+1 & on ! o!r occasion obta9+ 8 release f ! ,emp]or ,rudolph4 ,aft]w>ds1 he appe>s to h deg5]at$ into an impo/or1 b ?is is said to h be5 a f9esse to hide 8 true "* z an al*emi/ic adept4 ,he di$ 9 #afdf4 ,h[ev]1 all ! al*emi/s 7 n ( ! app>5t "* ( ,,s5divogius--_m ( !m lead+ holy & s]viceable lives4 ,! al*emi/-physician ,j4 ,b4 ,,van ,,helmont 7#aegg-afdd71 :o 0 a man ( extraord9>y b5evol5ce1 go+ ab\t treat+ ! sick poor freely1 may be p>ticul>ly m5tion$4 ,he1 too1 claim$ to h p]=m$ ! transmutation ( base metal into gold1 z did also ,,helvetius 7:om we h already met71 physician to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 ) a wond]ful prep>ation giv5 to him by a /rang]4 ,! te/imony ( ^! two latt] m5 is v difficult ei!r to expla9 or to expla9 away1 b ,i _c deal ) ?is "q "h1 b mu/ ref] ! read] to a pap] on ! subject by ,mr ,,ga/on ,,de ,,m5gel1 & ! discussion !reon1 publi%$ 9 vol4 i4 ( ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i w v5ture "o rem>k deal+ ) a matt] outside ( ! pres5t inquiry4 ,al*emy end$ its days 9 failure & fraud2 *>latans & fools 7 attract$ to x by purely m]c5>y objects1 :o knew no?+ ( ! high aims ( ! g5u9e al*emi/s1 & sci5tific m5 look$ else:]e = solutions ( ,nature's problems4 ,:y did al*emy fail8 ,0 x because its fundam5tal !orems 7 errone\s8 ,i ?9k n4 ,i consid] ! failure ( ! al*emical !ory ( ,nature to be due r to ! misapplication ( ^! fundam5tal concepts1 to ! errone\s use ( a priori me?ods ( reason+1 to a lack ( a suffici5tly wide k ( natural ph5om5a to :i* to apply ^! concepts1 to a lack ( adequate app>atus ) :i* to inve/igate su* ph5om5a exp]im5tally1 & to a lack ( ma!matical organons ( ?\ght ) :i* to int]pret su* exp]im5tal results _h !y be5 obta9$4 ,z = ! basic concepts ( al*emy !mselves1 su* z ! fundam5tal unity ( ! ,cosmos & ! evolution ( ! elem5ts1 9 a ^w1 ! applicability ( ! pr9ciples ( my/icism to natural ph5om5a3 ^! seem to me to conta9 a v valuable elem5t ( tru?--a /atem5t :i*1 ,i ?9k1 mod]n sci5tific rese>* ju/ifies me 9 mak+1--?\gh ! al*emi/s di/ort$ ?is tru? & express$ x 9 a fanta/ic =m4 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 t 9 ! mod]n !ories ( en]gy & ! all-p]vad+ e!r1 ! e!ric & electrical orig9 & nature ( matt] & ! evolution ( ! elem5ts1 we may witness ! triumphs ( my/icism z appli$ to ! int]pretation ( ,nature4 ,:e!r or n we %all ev] transmute lead into gold1 ,i believe !re is a v true s5se 9 :i* we may say t al*emy1 purifi$ by its dea?1 has be5 prov$ true1 :il/ ! mat]iali/ic view ( ,nature has be5 prov$ false4 ,x4 ,,! ,,phallic ,,elem5t ,,9 ,,al*emical ,,doctr9e ,,! problem ( al*emy pres5ts _m aspects to our view1 b1 to my m9d1 ! mo/ fundam5tal ( ^! is psy*ological1 or1 p]haps ,i %\ld say1 epi/emological4 ,x has be5 said t ! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man2 & to /udy man we mu/ /udy ! beliefs ( man4 ,n[ s long z we neglect great tracts ( su* beliefs1 because !y h be51 or appe> to h be51 sup]s$$1 s long w our /udy be incomplete & ineffectual4 ,& ?is1 let me add1 is no m]e excuse = ! /udy ( al*emy1 no m]e aft]?\ght put =w>d 9 ju/ification ( a pr$ilection1 b a pla9 /atem5t ( fact t r5d]s ?is /udy an imp]ative ne$4 ,!re are o!r que/ions ( int]e/--( v great int]e/--conc]n+ al*emy3 que/ions1 = in/ance1 z to ! scope & validity ( its doctr9es2 b we ought n to all[ _! fasc9ation & promise to di/ract our att5tion f ! fundam5tal problem1 ^: solution is ess5tial to _! elucidation4 ,9 ! prec$+ essay on ,! ,que/ ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 :i* 0 writt5 f ! /&po9t ,i h sket*$ 9 ! =ego+ words1 my !sis 0 t ! al*emi/s con/ruct$ _! *emical !ories = ! ma9 "p by means ( a priori reason+1 & t ! premises f :i* !y />t$ 7 7i47 ! tru? ( my/ical !ology1 especially ! doctr9e ( ! s\l's reg5]ation1 & 7ii47 ! tru? ( my/ical philosophy1 :i* ass]ts t ! objects ( nature are symbols ( spiritual v]ities4 ,n[1 ,i wi% to treat my pres5t !sis1 :i* is conc]n$ ) a fur!r s\rce f :i* ! al*emi/s d]iv$ c]ta9 ( _! views & modes ( expression by means ( a priori reason+1 9 connection )1 &1 9 a s5se1 z complem5t>y to1 my =m] !sis4 ,i propose 9 ! fir/ place1 !re=e1 briefly to deal ) c]ta9 possible objections to ?is view ( al*emy4 ,x has1 = in/ance1 be5 ma9ta9$7#a7 t ! assimilation ( al*emical doctr9es conc]n+ ! metals to ^? ( my/icism conc]n+ ! s\l 0 an ev5t late 9 ! hi/ory ( al*emy1 & 0 und]tak5 9 ! int]e/s ( ! latt] doctr9es4 ,n[ we "k t c]ta9 my/ics ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies did borr[ f ! al*emi/s mu* ( _! t]m9ology ) :i* to disc\rse ( spiritual my/]ies--,,jacob ,,boehme1 ,,h5ry ,,khunra?1 & p]haps ,,?omas ,,vaughan1 may be m5tion$ z ! mo/ prom95t cases 9 po9t4 ,b h[ 0 ?is possible if x 7 n1 z ,i h sugge/$1 ! repaym5t1 9 a s5se1 ( a sort ( philological debt8 ,transmutation 0 an admirable vehicle ( language = describ+ ! s\l's reg5]ation1 j because ! doctr9e ( transmutation 0 ! result ( an attempt to apply ! doctr9e ( reg5]ation 9 ! sph]e ( metallurgy2 & simil> rem>ks hold ( ! o!r prom95t doctr9es ( al*emy4 7#a7 ,see1 = example1 ,mr ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite',s pap]1 ,! ,canon ( ,criticism 9 respect ( ,al*emical ,lit]ature1 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society1 vol4 i4 7#aiac71 pp4 #ag-cj4 ,! wond]ful fabric ( al*emical doctr9e 0 n wov5 9 a day1 & z x pass$ f loom to loom1 f ,byzantium to ,syria1 f ,syria to ,arabia1 f ,arabia to ,spa9 & ,lat9 ,europe1 s its patt]n *ang$2 b x 0 always wov5 a priori1 9 ! belief t t :i* is bel[ is z t :i* is above4 ,9 its f9al =m1 ,i ?9k1 x is di/9ctly ,*ri/ian4 ,9 ! ,turba ,philosophorum1 ! olde/ kn[n "w ( ,lat9 al*emy--a "w :i*1 claim+ to be ( ,greek orig91 :il/ n t1 is c]ta9ly ,greek 9 _s1--we frequ5tly come across /atem5ts ( a decid$ly my/ical "*4 ,! regim51 we read1 is great] ?an is p]ceiv$ by reason1 except ?r\gh div9e inspiration47#a7 ,copp]1 x is insi/$ ^u aga9 & aga91 has a s\l z well z a body2 & ! ,art1 we are told1 is to be def9$ z ! liquefaction ( ! body & ! sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body1 see+ t copp]1 l a man1 has a s\l & a body47#b7 ,moreov]1 o!r doctr9es are "h prop\nd$ :i*1 al?\gh n s obvi\sly ( a my/ical "*1 h be5 trac$ to my/ical s\rces 9 ! prec$+ excursion4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 ! doctr9e ( purification by means ( putrefaction1 ?is process be+ lik5$ to t ( ! resurrection ( man4 ,^! ?+s be+ done1 we read1 ,god w re/ore unto x 7! matt] op]at$ on7 bo? ! s\l & ! _s !re(1 & ! weakness be+ tak5 away1 t matt] w be made /rong1 & aft] corruption w be improv$1 ev5 z a man becomes /rong] aft] resurrection & y\ng] ?an he 0 9 ?is _w47#a;b7 ,! ?ree /ages 9 ! al*emical "w--black1 :ite1 & r$--correspond+ to1 &1 z ,i ma9ta91 bas$ on ! ?ree /ages 9 ! life ( ! my/ic1 are also m ?an once m5tion$4 ,cook !m 7! k+ & 8 wife71 !re=e1 until !y become black1 !n :ite1 aft]w>ds r$1 & f9ally until a t+e+ v5om is produc$47#b;b7 7#a7 ,! ,turba ,philosophorum1 or ,assembly ( ! ,sages 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahif71 p4 #abh4 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #aic1 cf4 pp4 #ajb & #aeb4 7#a;b7 ,! ,turba ,philosophorum1 or ,assembly ( ! ,sages 7trans4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite71 p4 #aja1 cf4 pp4 #bg & #aig4 7#b;b7 ,ibid41 p4 #ih1 cf4 p4 #bi4 ,9 view ( ^! quotations1 ! alliance 7%all ,i say87 betwe5 al*emy & my/icism _c be ass]t$ to be ( late orig94 ,& we %all f9d simil> /atem5ts if we g fur!r back 9 "t4 ,to give b "o example3 ,among ! e>lie/ au?orities1 writes ,mr ,,waite1 ! ,book ( ,crates says t copp]1 l man1 has a _s1 s\l1 & body1 ! t]m copp] be+ symbolical & apply+ to a /age 9 ! al*emical "w4 ,b n[h]e 9 ! ,turba d we meet ) ! concept ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one z ! m$ic9e ( ! metals1 a concept *>act]i/ic ( ,lat9 al*emy1 &1 to quote ,mr ,,waite aga91 x does n appe> t ! conception ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one z a m$ic9e ( metals & ( m5 0 famili> to ,greek al*emy27#c7 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #ga4 ,all ?is seems to me v /rongly to support my view ( ! orig9 ( al*emy1 :i* requires a specifically ,*ri/ian my/icism only = ?is specific concept ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one 9 its fully-fl$g$ =m4 ,at any rate1 ! developm5t ( al*emical doctr9e c be se5 to h proce$$ concomitantly ) ! developm5t ( my/ical philosophy & !ology4 ,^? :o are n prep>$ "h to see effect & cause may be ask$ n only to =mulate "s o!r hypo!sis 9 explanation ( ! orig9 ( al*emy1 b also to expla9 ?is fact ( concomitant developm5t4 ,f ! /&po9t ( ! transc5d5tal !ory ( al*emy x has be5 urg$ t ! language ( my/ical !ology seem$ to be h>dly s suitable to ! exposition 7z ,i ma9ta97 or concealm5t ( *emical !ories1 z ! language ( a def9ite & g5]ally cr$it$ bran* ( sci5ce 0 suit$ to ! expression ( a veil$ & symbolical process su* z ! reg5]ation ( man47#a7 ,b su* a /atem5t is only possible ) respect to ! late/ days ( al*emy1 :5 !re ,,0 a sci5ce ( *emi/ry1 def9ite & g5]ally cr$it$4 ,! sci5ce ( *emi/ry1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 _h no gr[? sep>ate f al*emy1 b evolv$ !refrom4 ,( ! days be=e ?is evolution _h be5 accompli%$1 x w\ld be 9 clos] accord ) ! facts to say t !ology1 includ+ ! doctr9e ( man's reg5]ation1 0 9 ! position ( a def9ite & g5]ally cr$it$ bran* ( sci5ce1 :]eas *emical ph5om5a 7 veil$ 9 deepe/ my/]y & t+$ ) ! dang]s app]ta9+ to magic4 ,z conc]ns ! orig9 ( al*emy1 !re=e1 ! argum5t z to suitability ( language appe>s to support my own !ory2 x be+ op5 to assume t aft] =mulation--t is1 9 al*emy's latt] days--*emical nom5clature & !ories 7 employ$ by c]ta9 writ]s to veil het]odox religi\s doctr9e4 7#a7 ,,philip ,s4 ,,wellby1 ,m4,a41 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society1 vol4 ii4 7#aiad71 p4 #ajd4 ,ano!r rec5t writ] on ! subject1 my fri5d ! late ,mr ,,abdul-,,ali1 has rem>k$ t he ?\ght t1 9 ! m9d ( ! al*emi/ at lea/1 !re 0 some?+ m ?an analogy betwe5 metallic & psy*ic trans=mations1 & t ! :ole subject might well be assign$ to ! doctr9al category ( ineffable & transc5d5t ,on5ess4 ,?is ,on5ess compreh5d$ all--s\l & body1 _s & matt]1 my/ic visions & wak+ life--& ! %>p metaphysical di/9ction betwe5 ! m5tal & ! non-m5tal realms1 s prom95t dur+ ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 0 n reg>d$ by ^! e>ly inve/igators 9 ! sph]e ( nature4 ,!re 0 ! s5tim5t1 p]haps only dimly exp]i5c$1 t n only ! law1 b ! sub/ance ( ! ,univ]se1 0 "o2 t m9d 0 ev]y:]e 9 contact ) its own k9dr$2 & t metallic transmutation w\ld1 someh[1 s to speak1 signalise & seal a hidd5 transmutation ( ! s\l47#a7 7#a7 ,,sijil ,,abdul-,,ali1 9 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society1 vol4 ii4 7#aiad71 p4 #ajb4 ,i am to a l>ge ext5t 9 agreem5t ) ?is view4 ,mr ,,abdul-,,ali qu>rels ) ! t]m analogy1 &1 if x is held to imply any m]ely sup]ficial resemblance1 x c]ta9ly is n adequate to my own ne$s1 ?\gh ,i "k n :at o!r ^w to use4 ,,sw$5borg',s t]m correspond5ce w\ld be bett] = my purpose1 z /&+ = an ess5tial connection betwe5 _s & matt]1 aris+ out ( ! causal relation%ip ( ! "o to ! o!r4 ,b if ,,sw$5borg believ$ t matt] & _s 7 mo/ intimately relat$1 he nev]!less _h a v precise idea ( _! di/9ctness1 :i* he =mulat$ 9 8 ,doctr9e ( ,degrees--a v exact metaphysical doctr9e inde$4 ,! al*emi/s1 on ! o!r h&1 _h no su* cle> ideas on ! subject4 ,x w\ld be ev5 m absurd to attribute to !m a ,c>tesian dualism4 ,to _! ways ( ?9k+1 x 0 by no means impossible to grasp ! spiritual ess5ces ( ?+s by :at we %\ld n[ call *emical manipulations4 ,= !m a gas 0 /ill a gho/ & air a _s4 ,"o c\ld quote pages 9 support ( ?is1 b ,i w cont5t myself ) a few words f ! ,turba--! antiquity ( ! book makes x ( value1 & anyway x is ne> at h&4 ,p]man5t wat]1 :atev] t may be1 be+ p\nd$ ) ! body1 we are told1 by ! w ( ,god x turns t body into _s4 ,& 9 ano!r place we read t ! ,philosoph]s h said3 ,except ye turn bodies into n-bodies1 & incorporeal ?+s into bodies1 ye h n yet discov]$ ! rule ( op]ation47#a;a7 ,no "o :o c\ld write l ?is1 & believe x1 c\ld hold matt] & _s z altoge!r di/9ct4 ,b x is equally obvi\s t ! injunction to conv]t body into _s is mean+less if _s & body are held to be id5tical4 ,i h be5 criticis$ = cr$it+ ! al*emi/s ) ! philosophic acum5 ( ,hegel17#a;b7 b t is j :at ,i ?9k "o ought to avoid do+4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 x is extremely difficult to give a precise acc\nt ( views :i* are v f> f be+ precise !mselves4 ,b ,i ?9k x may be said1 )\t fe> ( error1 t ! al*emi/ :o c\ld say1 ,z above1 s bel[1 ipso facto recognis$ bo? a v close connection betwe5 _s & matt]1 & a di/9ction betwe5 !m4 ,moreov]1 ! division ?us impli$ correspond$1 on ! :ole1 to t betwe5 ! realms ( ! kn[n 7or :at 0 ?\ght to be kn[n7 & ! unkn[n4 ,! ,*ur*1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or pre-,*ri/ian1 _h v precise 7comp>atively speak+7 doctr9e conc]n+ ! s\l's orig91 duties1 & de/9y1 back$ up by trem5d\s au?ority1 & speculative philosophy _h advanc$ v f> by ! "t ,,plato began to conc]n himself ) its problems4 ,nature1 on ! o!r h&1 0 a my/]i\s _w ( magical happ5+s1 & !re 0 no?+ des]v+ ( ! "n ( natural sci5ce until al*emy 0 becom+ decad5t4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ! al*emi/s--^! m5 :o wi%$ to probe ,nature's hidd5 my/]ies--%\ld reason f above to bel[2 inde$1 unless !y _h />t$ de novo--z babes kn[+ no?+1--!re 0 no o!r c\rse op5 to !m4 ,& t !y did adopt ! obvi\s c\rse is all t my =m] !sis am\nts to4 ,9 pass+1 x is int]e/+ to note t a sixte5?-c5tury al*emi/1 :o _h exceptional opportunities & leisure to /udy ! works ( ! old ma/]s ( al*emy1 seems to h come to a simil> conclusion z to ! nature ( _! reason+4 ,he writes3 ,! ,sages444 aft] hav+ conceiv$ 9 _! m9ds a ,div9e idea ( ! relations ( ! :ole univ]se444 select$ f among ! re/ a c]ta9 sub/ance1 f :i* !y s\ght to elicit ! elem5ts1 to sep>ate & purify !m1 & !n aga9 put !m toge!r 9 a mann] sugge/$ by a ke5 & pr(\nd obs]vation ( ,nature47#a;c7 7#a;a7 op cit41 pp14 #fe & #aaj1 cf4 p4 #aed4 7#a;b7 ,vide a r frivol\s review ( my ,al*emy3 ,anci5t & ,mod]n 9 ,! ,outlook = #ad? ,janu>y #aiaa4 7#a;c7 ,,edw>d ,,kelly3 ,! ,humid ,pa?4 7,see ,! ,al*emical ,writ+s ( ,,edw>d ,,kelly1 edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahic1 pp4 #ei-fj47 ,9 describ+ ! realm ( _s z ex hypo!si kn[n1 t ( ,nature unkn[n1 to ! al*emi/s1 ,i h made "o important omission1 & t1 if ,i may use ! "n ( a sci5ce to d5om9ate a complex ( crude facts1 is ! realm ( physiology1 :i*1 fall+ )9 t ( ,nature1 mu/ yet be class$ z ex hypo!si kn[n4 ,b to elucidate ?is po9t "s fur!r consid]ations are necess>y t\*+ ! g5]al nature ( k4 ,n[1 facts may be r\ghly class$1 accord+ to _! obvi\sness & frequ5cy ( occurr5ce1 into f\r gr\ps4 ,!re are1 fir/ ( all1 facts :i* are s obvi\s1 to put x p>adoxically1 t !y escape notice2 & ^! facts are ! commone/ & mo/ frequ5t 9 _! occurr5ce4 ,i ?9k x is ,mr ,,*e/]ton :o has said t1 look+ at a =e/ "o _c see ! trees because ( ! =e/2 &1 9 ,! ,innoc5ce ( ,fa!r ,br[n1 he has a good /ory 7,! ,invisible ,man7 illu/rat+ ! po9t1 9 :i* a man r5d]s himself invisible by dress+ up 9 a po/man's uni=m4 ,at any rate1 we "k t :5 a ph5om5on becomes p]si/5t x t5ds to escape obs]vation2 ?us1 cont9u\s motion c only be appreciat$ ) ref]5ce to a /ation>y body1 & a noise1 cont9ually repeat$1 becomes at la/ inaudible4 ,! t5d5cy ( (t5-repeat$ actions to become habitual1 & at la/ automatic1 t is to say1 c>ri$ out )\t consci\sness1 is a closely relat$ ph5om5on4 ,we c und]/&1 !re=e1 :y a k ( ! exi/5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 z di/9ct f ! w9d1 came late 9 ! hi/ory ( primitive man1 z1 also1 _m o!r curi\s gaps 9 8 k4 ,9 ! second gr\p we may put ^? facts :i* are common1 t is1 ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 & are class$ z obvi\s4 ,su* facts are accept$ at face-value by ! primitive m9d1 & are us$ z ! basis ( explanation ( facts 9 ! two rema9+ gr\ps1 namely1 ^? facts :i*1 ?\gh common1 are apt to escape ! att5tion ow+ to _! inconspicu\sness1 & ^? :i* are ( infrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,:5 ! m9d takes ! tr\ble to obs]ve a fact ( ! ?ird gr\p1 or is confront$ by "o ( ! f\r?1 x feels a s5se ( surprise4 ,su* facts we> an air ( /rang5ess1 & ! m9d c only re/ satisfi$ :5 x has %[n !m to itself z 9 "s way cases ( ! second gr\p ( facts1 or1 at lea/1 br\ght !m into relation !re)4 ,t is :at ! m9d--at lea/ ! primitive m9d--means by explanation4 ,x is obvi\s1 we say1 comm5c+ an argum5t1 !reby proclaim+ our int5tion to br+ t :i* is at fir/ 9 ! category ( ! n-obvi\s1 into ! category ( ! obvi\s4 ,x rema9s = a m sceptical type ( m9d--a lat] product ( human evolution--to "q obvi\s facts1 to expla9 !m1 ei!r1 z 9 sci5ce1 by e/abli%+ deep] & m f>-rea*+ correlations betwe5 ph5om5a1 or 9 philosophy1 by seek+ = ! s\rce & purpose ( su* facts1 or1 bett] /ill1 by bo? me?ods4 ,( ! second class ( facts--^? common & obvi\s facts :i* ! primitive m9d accepts at face-value & uses z ! basis ( its explanations ( su* ?+s z seem to x to /& 9 ne$ ( explanation--"o c\ld h>dly f9d a bett] in/ance ?an sex4 ,! univ]sality ( sex1 & ! int]mitt5t "* ( its ph5om5a1 are bo? responsible = ?is4 ,inde$1 ! attitude ( m9d ,i h ref]r$ to is n re/rict$ to primitive man2 h[ _m p to-day1 = in/ance1 j accept sex z a fact1 pleasant or unpleasant accord+ to _! pr$ilections1 nev] qu]y+1 or feel+ ! ne$ to qu]y1 its :y & :]e=e8 ,x is by no means surpris+1 t :5 man fir/ felt ! ne$ ( satisfy+ himself z to ! orig9 ( ! univ]se1 he %\ld h done s by a !ory f\nd$ on :at he knew ( 8 own g5]ation4 ,inde$1 z ,i qu]i$ on a =m] occasion1 :at o!r s\rce ( explanation 0 op5 to him8 ,( :at o!r =m ( orig9 0 he aw>e8 ,see+ ,nature spr++ to life at ! kiss ( ! sun1 :at m natural ?an t %e %\ld be reg>d$ z ! div9e ,"m1 :o be>s fruits because impregnat$ by ! ,sun-,god8 ,x is n difficult to und]/&1 !re=e1 :y primitive man paid div9e hon\rs to ! organs ( sex 9 man & woman1 or to su* ?+s z he consid]$ symbolical ( !m--t is to say1 to und]/& ! ext5siv5ess ( ^? religions :i* are gr\p$ "u ! t]m phallicism4 ,nor1 to my m9d1 is ! symbol ( sex a :olly inadequate "o "u :i* to conceive ( ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,&1 z ,i h said be=e1 t phallicism usually appe>s to h deg5]at$ into immorality ( a v pron\nc$ type is to be deplor$1 b an immoral view ( human relations is by no means a necess>y coroll>y to a sexual !ory ( ! univ]se47#a7 7#a7 ,! rev]5ce z well z ! wor%ip paid to ! phallus1 9 e>ly & primitive days1 _h no?+ 9 x :i* p>took ( indec5cy2 all ideas connect$ ) x 7 ( a rev]5tial & religi\s k9d4444 ,! indec5t ideas atta*$ to ! repres5tation ( ! phallus 71 ?\gh x seems a p>adox to say s1 ! results ( a m advanc$ civilization v]g+ t[>ds its decl9e1 z we h evid5ce at ,rome & ,pompeii4444 ,to ! primitive man 7! reproductive =ce :i* p]vades all nature7 0 ! mo/ my/]i\s ( all manife/ations4 ,! visible physical p[]s ( nature--! sun1 ! sky1 ! /orm--naturally claim$ 8 rev]5ce1 b to him ! g5]ative p[] 0 ! mo/ my/]i\s ( all p[]s4 ,9 ! vegetable _w1 ! live se$ plac$ 9 ! gr\nd1 & h5ce g]m9at+1 spr\t+ up1 & becom+ a beautiful & umbrage\s tree1 0 a my/]y4 ,9 ! animal _w1 z ! cause ( all life1 by :i* all be+s came into exi/5ce1 ?is p[] 0 a my/]y4 ,9 ! view ( primitive man g5]ation 0 ! action ( ! ,deity itself4 ,x 0 ! mode 9 :i* ,he br\ght all ?+s into exi/5ce1 ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! _w1 man 7 g5]at$ by ,him4 ,to ! productive p[] man 0 deeply indebt$1 = to x he ow$ ! h>ve/s & ! flocks :i* support$ 8 life2 h5ce x naturally became an object ( rev]5ce & wor%ip4 ,primitive man wants "s object to wor%ip1 = an ab/ract idea is beyond 8 compreh5sion1 h5ce a visible repres5tation ( ! g5]ative ,deity 0 made1 ) ! organs contribut+ to g5]ation mo/ prom95t1 & h5ce ! organ itself became a symbol ( ! p[]4--,h1 ,m4 ,,we/ropp3 ,primitive ,symbolism z ,illu/rat$ 9 ,phallic ,wor%ip1 or ! ,reproductive ,pr9ciple 7#ahhe71 pp4 #dg1 #dh1 & #eg4 ,end ( long footnote ,! ,aruntas ( ,au/ralia1 ,i believe1 :5 discov]$ by ,europeans1 _h n yet obs]v$ ! connection betwe5 sexual int]c\rse & bir?4 ,!y believ$ t conception 0 occasion$ by ! woman pass+ ne> a *ur+a--a peculi>ly %ap$ piece ( wood or /one1 9 :i* a _s-*ild 0 conceal$1 :i* ent]$ into h]4 ,b ar*aeological rese>* hav+ e/abli%$ ! fact t phallicism has1 at "o "t or ano!r1 be5 common to ne>ly all races1 x seems probable t ! ,arunta tribe repres5ts a deviation f ! normal l9e ( m5tal evolution4 ,at any rate1 an isolat$ ph5om5on1 su* z ?is1 _c be held to controv]t ! view t reg>ds phallicism z 9 ?is normal l9e4 ,nor 0 ! attitude ( m9d t n only accepts sex at face-value z an obvi\s fact1 b uses ! concept ( x to expla9 o!r facts1 a m]ely transitory "o4 ,we may1 inde$1 n difficultly trace x ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( al*emy1 giv+ rise to :at ,i may t]m ,! ,phallic ,elem5t 9 ,al*emical ,doctr9e4 ,9 aim+ to e/abli% ?is1 ,i may be ?\ght to be endeav\r+ to e/abli% a c\nt]-!sis to t ( ! prec$+ essay on al*emy1 b1 9 virtue ( ! al*emi/s' belief 9 ! my/ical unity ( all ?+s1 9 ! analogical or correspond5tial relation%ip ( all p>ts ( ! univ]se to ea* o!r1 ! my/ical & ! phallic views ( ! orig9 ( al*emy are complem5t>y1 n antagoni/ic4 ,inde$1 ! assumption t ! metals are ! symbols ( man almo/ necessitates ! work+ out ( physiological z well z my/ical analogies1 & ^! two s]ies ( analogies are !mselves connect$1 because ! pr9ciple ,z above1 s bel[ 0 held to be true ( man himself4 ,we might1 !re=e1 expect to f9d a m or less complete h>mony betwe5 ! two s]ies ( symbols1 ?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 contradictions w be enc\nt]$ :5 we come to consid] po9ts ( detail4 ,! und\btable antiquity ( ! phallic elem5t 9 al*emical doctr9e precludes ! idea t ?is elem5t 0 an adv5titi\s "o1 t x 0 9 any s5se an aft]?\ght2 not)/&+1 h[ev]1 ! evid5ce1 z w1 ,i hope1 become app>5t z we proce$1 indicates t my/ical ideas play$ a mu* m fundam5tal "p 9 ! g5esis ( al*emical doctr9e ?an purely phallic ones--my/ical int]pretations fit al*emical processes & !ories f> bett] ?an d sexual int]pretations2 9 fact1 sex has to be int]pret$ some:at my/ically 9 ord] to "w out ! analogies fully & satisfactorily4 ,z conc]ns ,greek al*emy1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) a passage f a "w ,on ! ,sacr$ ,art1 attribut$ to ,,olympiodorus 7six? c5tury ,a4,d471 foll[$ by "s quotations f & ref]5ces to ! ,turba4 ,9 ! =m] "w x is /at$ on ! au?ority ( ,,horus t ,! prop] end ( ! :ole art is to obta9 ! sem5 ( ! male secretly1 see+ t all ?+s are male & female4 ,h5ce 7we read fur!r7 ,horus says 9 a c]ta9 place3 ,jo9 ! male & ! female1 & y w f9d t :i* is s\ght2 z a fact1 )\t ?is process ( re-union1 no?+ c succe$1 = ,nature *>ms ,nature1 etc4 ,! ,turba insi/5tly comm&s ^? :o w\ld succe$ 9 ! ,art1 to conjo9 ! male ) ! female17#a7 &1 9 "o place1 ! male is said to be lead & ! female orpim5t47#b7 ,we also f9d ! al*emical "w symbolis$ by ! gr[? ( ! embryo 9 ! womb4 ,"k1 we are told1 444 t out ( ! elect ?+s no?+ becomes useful )\t conjunction & regim51 because sp]ma is g5]at$ out ( blood & desire4 ,= ! man m+l+ ) ! woman1 ! sp]m is n\ri%$ by ! hum\r ( ! womb1 & by ! moi/5+ blood1 & by heat1 & :5 =ty nights h elaps$ ! sp]m is =m$4444 ,god has con/itut$ t heat & blood = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! sp]m until ! foetus is br\ght =?4 ,s long z x is little1 x is n\ri%$ ) milk1 & 9 proportion z ! vital heat is ma9ta9$1 ! bones are /r5g!n$4 ,?us x behoves y also to act 9 ?is ,art47#c7 7#a7 ,vide pp4 #fj #ib1 #if #ig1 #acd1 #ace & else:]e 9 ,mr ,,waite',s translation4 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #eg 7#c7 ,ibid41 pp4 #agi-aha 7second rec5sion72 cf4 pp4 #ajc-ajd4 ,! use ( ! my/ical symbols ( dea? 7putrefaction7 & resurrection or rebir? to repres5t ! consummation ( ! al*emical "w1 & t ( ! phallic symbols ( ! conjunction ( ! sexes & ! developm5t ( ! foetus1 bo? ( :i* we h f\nd 9 ! ,turba1 are curr5t ?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( ,lat9 al*emy4 ,9 ,! ,*ymical ,m>riage ( ,*ri/ian ,ros5creutz1 t extraord9>y docum5t ( :at is call$ ,rosicrucianism--a symbolic romance ( consid]able ability1 :oev] its au?or 017#a7--;an attempt is made to weld ! two sets ( symbols--! "o ( m>riage1 ! o!r ( dea? & resurrection unto glory--into "o allegorical n>rative2 & x is to ?is fusion ( seem+ly disp>ate concepts t mu* ( its fanta/icality is due4 ,yet ! concepts are n really disp>ate2 = n only is ! second bir? l unto ! fir/1 & n only is ! resurrection unto glory describ$ z ! ,bridal ,fea/ ( ! ,lamb1 b m>riage is1 9 a mann]1 a =m ( dea? & rebir?4 ,to ju/ify ?is 9 a crude s5se1 ,i might say t1 f ! male /&po9t at lea/1 x is a giv+ ( ! life-sub/ance to ! belov$ t life may be born anew & increase4 ,b 9 a deep] s5se x is1 or r %\ld be1 z an ideal1 a mutual sacrifice ( self = ea* o!r's good--a dea? ( ! self t x may arise ) an enri*$ p]sonality4 7#a7 ,see ,mr ,,waite',s ,! ,real ,hi/ory ( ! ,rosicrucians 7#ahhg7 = translation & discussion z to orig9 & significance4 ,! "w 0 fir/ publi%$ 79 ,g]man7 at ,/rassburg 9 #afaf4 ,x is :5 we come to an exam9ation ( ! ideas at ! root (1 & associat$ )1 ! al*emical concept ( pr9ciples1 t we f9d "s difficulty 9 h>monis+ ! two s]ies ( symbols--! my/ical & ! phallic4 ,9 "o place 9 ! ,turba we are direct$ to take quicksilv]1 9 :i* is ! male pot5cy or /r5g?27#b;a7 & ?is concept ( m]cury z male is q 9 accord ) ! my/ical orig9 ,i h assign$ 9 ! prec$+ excursion to ! doctr9e ( ! al*emical pr9ciples4 ,i h %[n1 ,i ?9k1 t salt1 sulphur1 & m]cury are ! analogues ex hypo!si ( ! body1 s\l 7affection & volition71 & _s 7intellig5ce or und]/&+7 9 man2 & ! affections are inv>iably reg>d$ z especially fem99e1 ! und]/&+ z especially mascul9e4 ,b x seems t ! m common op9ion1 among/ ,lat9 al*emi/s at any rate1 0 t sulphur 0 male & m]cury female4 ,writes ,,b]n>d ( ,,trevisan3 ,= ! ,matt] suff]e?1 & ! ,=m acte? assimulat+ ! ,matt] to itself1 & accord+ to ?is mann] ! ,matt] naturally ?ir/e? aft] a ,=m1 z a ,woman desire? an ,husb&1 & a ,vile ?+ a preci\s "o1 & an impure a pure "o1 s also ,arg5t-vive covete? a ,sulphur1 z t :i* %\ld make p]fect :i* is imp]fect3 ,s also a ,body freely desire? a ,_s1 :]eby x may at l5g? arrive at its p]fection47#a;b7 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,m]cury 0 reg>d$ z conta9+ 9 itself bo? male & female pot5cies--x 0 ! product ( male & female1 &1 ?us1 ! se$ ( all ! metals4 ,no?+ 9 ! ,_w c be g5]at$1 to repeat a quotation f ,,b]n>d1 )\t ^! two ,sub/ances1 to wit a ,male & ,female3 ,f :5ce x appe>e?1 t al?\gh ^! two sub/ances are n ( "o & ! same species1 yet "o ,/one do? !nce arise1 & al?\gh !y appe> & are said to be two ,sub/ances1 yet 9 tru? x is b "o1 to wit1 ,arg5t-vive4 ,b ( ?is ,arg5t-vive a c]ta9 "p is fix$ & dige/$1 ,mascul9e1 hot1 dry & secretly in=m+4 ,b ! o!r1 :i* is ! ,female1 is volatile1 crude1 cold1 & moy/47#b;b7 ,,edw>d ,,kelly 7#aeee-aeie71 :o is valuable because he summ>ises au?oritative op9ion1 says some:at ! same ?+1 ?\gh 9 cle>] words3 ,! active elem5ts444 ^! are wat] & fire444 may be call$ male1 :ile ! passive elem5ts444 e>? & air444 repres5t ! female pr9ciple4444 ,only two elem5ts1 wat] & e>?1 are visible1 & e>? is call$ ! hid+-place ( fire1 wat] ! abode ( air4 ,9 ^! two elem5ts we h ! broad law ( limitation :i* divides ! male f ! female4 444 ,! fir/ matt] ( m9]als is a k9d ( visc\s wat]1 m+l$ ) pure & impure e>?444 ,( ?is visc\s wat] & fusible e>?1 or sulphur1 is compos$ t :i* is call$ quicksilv]1 ! fir/ matt] ( ! metals4 ,metals are no?+ b ,m]cury dige/$ by diff]5t degrees ( heat47#a;c7 ,!re is "o diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ^! two writ]s1 inasmu* z ,,b]n>d says t ! ,male & ,female abide toge!r 9 clos$ ,natures2 ! ,female truly z x 7 ,e>? & ,wat]1 ! ,male z ,air & ,fire4 ,m]cury = him arises f ! two =m] elem5ts1 sulphur f ! two latt]47#b;c7 ,& ! diff]5ce is important z %[+ beyond "q ! a priori nature ( al*emical reason+4 ,! idea at ! back ( ! al*emi/s' m9ds 0 und\bt$ly t ( ! ard\r ( ! male 9 ! act ( coition & ! alleg$1 or p]haps ,i %\ld say app>5t1 passivity ( ! female4 ,consequ5tly1 sulphur1 ! fi]y pr9ciple ( combu/ion1 & su* elem5ts z 7 reckon$ to be active1 7 d5om9at$ male1 :il/ m]cury1 ! pr9ciple act$ on by sulphur1 & su* elem5ts z 7 reckon$ to be passive1 7 d5om9at$ female4 ,z to ! "q ( orig91 ,i d n ?9k t ! palm c be d5i$ to ! my/ical z di/+ui%$ f ! phallic !ory4 ,& 9 its f9al =m ! doctr9e ( pr9ciples is incapable ( a sexual int]pretation4 ,my/ically und]/ood1 man is capable ( analysis into two pr9ciples--s9ce body may be neglect$ z unimportant 7a false view1 ,i ?9k1 by ! way7 or s\l & _s may be unit$ "u "o head--,,or into ?ree2 :]eas ! po/ulation ( ,,?ree pr9ciples on a sexual basis is impossible4 ,,joannes ,,isaacus ,,holl&us 7fifte5? c5tury7 is ! e>lie/ au?or 9 ^: works ,i h obs]v$ explicit m5tion ( ,,?ree pr9ciples1 ?\gh he ref]s to !m 9 a mann] seem+ to indicate t ! doctr9e 0 no new "o 9 8 day4 ,i h only read "o little tract ( 82 !re is no?+ sexual 9 x1 & ! au?or's m5tal "* may be judg$ f 8 rem>ks conc]n+ ! ?ree fly+ spirits--ta/e1 smell1 & col\r4 ,^!1 he writes1 are ! life1 s\le1 & qu9tess5ce ( e ?+1 nei!r c ^! ?ree spirits be "o )\t ! o!r1 z ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ are "o1 yet ?ree ,p]sons1 & "o is n )\t ! o!r47#a;d7 7#b;a7 ,mr ,,waite's translation1 p4 #gi4 7#a;b7 ,,b]n>d1 ,e>l ( ,,trevisan3 ,a ,treatise ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one1 #afhc4 7,see ,collectanea ,*ymica3 ,a ,collection ( ,t5 ,sev]al ,treatises 9 ,*ymi/ry1 #afhd1 p4 #ib47 7#b;b7 ,ibid41 p4 #ia4 7#a;c7 ,,edw>d ,,kelly3 ,! ,/one ( ! ,philosoph]s4 7,see ,! ,al*emical ,writ+s ( ,,edw>d ,,kelly1 edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,,waite1 #ahic1 pp4 #i & #aa to #ac47 7#b;c7 ,! ,answ] ( ,,b]n>dus ,,trevisanus1 to ! ,epi/le ( ,?omas ( ,bononira1 ,physician to ,k4 ,*>les ! #h?4 7,see ,,john ,,fr$]ick ,,h\preght3 ,aurifont9a ,*ymica1 #afhj1 p4 #bjh47 7#a;d7 ,"o ,hundr$ & ,f\rte5 ,exp]im5ts & ,cures ( ! ,fam\s ,physitian ,,!ophra/us ,,p>acelsus4 ,:]eunto is add$444 c]ta9 ,secrets ( ,,isaac ,,holl&us1 conc]n+ ! ,vegetall & ,animall ,"w 7#afeb71 pp4 #bi & #cj4 ,:5 ! al*emi/s describ$ an elem5t or pr9ciple z male or female1 !y meant :at !y said1 z ,i h already intimat$1 to ! ext5t1 at lea/1 ( firmly believ+ t se$ 0 produc$ by ! two metallic sexes4 ,by _! union metals 7 ?\ght to be produc$ 9 ! womb ( ! e>?2 & m9es 7 %ut 9 ord] t by ! bir? & gr[? ( new metal ! impov]i%$ ve9s might be repl5i%$4 ,9 ?is way1 too1 0 ! magnum opus1 ! g5]ation ( ! ,philosoph]'s ,/one--9 species gold1 b pur] ?an ! pure/--to be accompli%$4 ,to conjo9 t :i* ,nature suppli$1 to fo/] ! gr[? & developm5t ( t :i* 0 !reby produc$2 su* 0 ! task ( ! al*emi/4 ,= !re are ,vegetables1 says ,,b]n>d ( ,,trevisan 9 8 ,answ] to ,?omas ( ,bononia1 b ,s5sitives m especially1 :i* = ! mo/ "p beget _! l1 by ! ,se$s ( ! ,male & ,female = ! mo/ "p concurr+ & conmixt by copulation2 :i* "w ( ,nature ! ,philosophick ,art imitates 9 ! g5]ation ( gold47#a7 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 p4 #baf4 ,m]cury1 z ,i h said1 0 commonly reg>d$ z ! se$ ( ! metals1 or z especially ! female se$1 !re be+ two se$s1 "o ! male1 accord+ to ,,b]n>d1 m ripe1 p]fect & active1 ! o!r ! female4 m immature & 9 a sort passive7#b7 444 our ,philosophick ,art1 he says 9 ano!r place1 foll[+ a description ( ! g5]ation ( man1 444 is l ?is procreation ( ,man2 = z 9 ,m]cury 7( :i* ,gold is by ,nature g5]at$ 9 ,m9]al ,vessels7 a natural conjunction 7#b7 ,ibid41 p4 #bag2 cf4 p4 #bcf is made ( bo? ! ,se$s1 ,male & ,female1 s by our artifice1 an artificial & l conjunction is made ( ,ag5ts & ,pati5ts47#a7 ,all tea*+1 says ,,kelly1 t *anges ,m]cury is false & va91 = ?is is ! orig9al sp]m ( metals1 & its moi/ure mu/ n be dri$ up1 = o!rwise x w n dissolve17#b7 & quotes ,,arnold 7ob4 c4 #acaj7 to a simil> effect47#c7 ,"o wond]s h[ f> ! fact t human & animal se$ is fluid influ5c$ ! al*emi/s 9 _! *oice ( m]cury1 ! only metal liquid at ord9>y temp]atures1 z ! se$ ( ! metals4 ,!re are1 inde$1 o!r good reasons = ?is *oice1 b t ?is idea play$ "s "p 9 x1 &1 at lea/1 0 pres5t at ! back ( ! al*emi/s' m9ds1 ,i h little d\bt4 ,! mo/ philosophic acc\nt ( metallic se$ is t1 p]haps1 ( ! my/]i\s adept ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s1 :o di/+ui%es betwe5 x & m]cury 9 a r int]e/+ mann]4 ,he writes3 ,se$ is ! means ( g5]ic propagation giv5 to all p]fect ?+s "h bel[2 x is ! p]fection ( ea* body2 & anybody t has no se$ mu/ be reg>d$ z imp]fect4 ,h5ce !re c be no d\bt t !re is su* a ?+ z metallic se$4444 ,all metallic se$ is ! se$ ( gold2 = gold is ! int5tion ( ,nature 9 reg>d to all metals4 ,if ! base metals are n gold1 x is only ?r\gh "s accid5tal h9drance2 !y are-all pot5tially gold4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 ?is se$ ( gold is mo/ easily obta9able f well-matur$ gold itself4444 ,rememb] t ,i am n[ speak+ ( metallic se$1 & n ( ,m]cury4444 ,! se$ ( metals is hidd5 out ( sight /ill m completely ?an t ( animals2 nev]!less1 x is )9 ! compass ( our ,art to extract x4 ,! se$ ( animals & vegetables is some?+ sep>ate1 & may be cut out1 or o!rwise sep>ately exhibit$2 b metallic se$ is diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! metal1 & conta9$ 9 all its smalle/ p>ts2 nei!r c x be disc]n$ f its body3 its extraction is !re=e a task :i* may well tax ! +5uity ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ philosoph]2 ! virtues ( ! :ole metal h to be int5sifi$1 s z to conv]t x into ! sp]m ( our se$1 :i*1 by circulation1 receives ! virtues ( sup]iors & inf]iors1 !n next becomes :olly =m1 or heav5ly virtue1 :i* c communicate ?is to o!rs relat$ to x by homog5eity ( matt]4 444 ,! place 9 :i* ! se$ resides is--approximately speak+--wat]2 =1 to speak prop]ly & exactly1 ! se$ is ! smalle/ "p ( ! metal1 & is invisible2 b z ?is invisible pres5ce is diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! wat] ( its k9d1 & ex]ts its virtue !re91 no?+ be+ visible to ! eye b wat]1 we are left to conclude f rational induction t ?is inw>d ag5t 7:i* is1 prop]ly speak+1 ! se$7 is really !re4 ,h5ce we call ! :ole ( ! wat] se$1 j z we call ! :ole ( ! gra9 se$1 ?\gh ! g]m ( life is only a smalle/ p>ticle ( ! gra947#a;b7 7#a7 ,! ,answ] ( ,,b]n>dus ,,trevisanus1 etc4 ,op4 cit4 p4 #bah4 7#b7 op4 cit41 p4 #bb4 7#c7 ,ibid41 p4 #af4 7#a;b7 ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s3 ,! ,metamorphosis ( ,metals4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bch-bdj47 ,to say t ,,philale!s' se$ resembles ! mod]n electron is1 p]haps1 to draw a r fanciful analogy1 s9ce ! electron is a v precise idea1 ! result ( ! ma!matical int]pretation ( ! results ( exact exp]im5tation4 ,b ?\gh x w\ld be absurd to speak ( ?is concept ( ! "o se$ ( all metals z an anticipation ( ! electron1 to apply ! expression metallic se$ to ! electron1 n[ t ! concept ( x has be5 rea*$1 does n seem s absurd4 ,accord+ to ,,philale!s1 ! extraction ( ! se$ is a v difficult process1 accompli%able1 h[ev]1 by ! aid ( m]cury--! wat] homog5e\s !re)4 ,m]cury1 aga91 is ! =m ( ! se$ !reby obta9$4 ,he writes3 ,:5 ! sp]m hidd5 9 ! body ( gold is br\ght out by means ( our ,art1 x appe>s "u ! =m ( ,m]cury1 :5ce x is exalt$ into ! qu9tess5ce :i* is fir/ :ite1 & !n1 by means ( cont9u\s coction1 becomes r$4 ,& aga93 ,!re is a womb into :i* ! gold 7if plac$ !re97 w1 ( its own accord1 emit its se$1 until x is debilitat$ & dies1 & by its dea? is r5ew$ into a mo/ glori\s ,k+1 :o !nce=w>d receives p[] to deliv] all 8 bre?r5 f ! fe> ( dea?47#a7 7#a7 ,,eir5aeus ,,philale!s3 ,! ,metamorphosis ( ,metals4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bda & #bdd47 ,! fifte5?-c5tury al*emi/ ,,?omas ,,norton 0 peculi> 9 8 views1 inasmu* z he d5i$ t metals h se$4 ,he writes3 ,nature nev] multiplies any?+1 except 9 ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ^! two ways3 ei!r by decay1 :i* we call putrefaction1 or1 9 ! case ( animate creatures1 by propagation4 ,9 ! case ( metals !re c be no propagation1 ?\gh our ,/one exhibits some?+ l x4444 ,no?+ c be multipli$ by inw>d action unless x belong to ! vegetable k+dom1 or ! family ( s5sitive creatures4 ,b ! metals are elem5t>y objects1 & possess nei!r se$ nor s5sation47#a7 7#a7 ,,?omas ,,norton3 ,! ,ord9al ( ,al*emy4 7,see ,! ,h]metic ,museum1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #ae & #af47 ,8 !ory ( ! orig9 ( ! metals is a/ral r ?an phallic4 ,! only effici5t cause ( metals1 he says1 is ! m9]al virtue1 :i* is n f\nd 9 e k9d ( e>?1 b only 9 c]ta9 places & *os5 m9es1 into :i* ! cele/ial sph]e p\rs its rays 9 a /raight direction ye> by ye>1 & accord+ to ! arrangem5t ( ! metallic sub/ance 9 ^! places1 ?is or t metal is gradually =m$47#b7 7#b7 ,ibid41 pp4 #ae & #af4 ,9 view ( ! a/rological symbolism ( ^! metals1 t gold %\ld be mascul9e1 silv] fem99e1 does n surprise u1 because ! idea ( ! mascul9ity ( ! sun & ! fem99ity ( ! moon is a bit ( phallicism t /ill rema9s ) u4 ,x 0 by ! m>riage ( gold & silv] t v _m al*emi/s consid]$ t ! magnum opus 0 to be a*iev$4 ,writes ,,b]n>d ( ,,trevisan3 ,! subject ( ?is admir$ ,sci5ce 7al*emy7 is ,sol & ,luna1 or r ,male & ,female1 ! ,male is hot & dry1 ! ,female cold & moy/4 ,! aim ( ! "w1 he tells u1 is ! extraction ( ! _s ( gold1 :i* alone c ent] into bodies & t+e !m4 ,bo? ,sol & ,luna are absolutely necess>y1 & :oev]444%all ?9k t a ,t9cture c be made )\t ^! two ,bodyes1444 he proce$e? to ! ,practice l "o t is bl9d47#a7 7#a7 ,,b]n>d1 ,e>l ( ,,trevisan3 ,a ,treatise1 etc41 ,op4 cit4 pp4 #hc & #hg4 ,,kelly has tea*+ to ! same effect1 ! ,m]cury ( ! ,philosoph]s be+ = him ! m5/ruum or m$ium :]e9 ! copulation ( ,gold ) ,silv] is to be accompli%$4 ,m]cury1 9 fact1 seems to h be5 ev]y?+ & to h be5 capable ( effect+ ev]y?+ 9 ! eyes ( ! al*emi/s4 ,conc]n+ gold & silv]1 ,,kelly writes3 ,only "o metal1 viz4 gold1 is absolutely p]fect & mature4 ,h5ce x is call$ ! p]fect male body444 ,silv] is less b\nd$ by aque\s immaturity ?an ! re/ ( ! metals1 ?\gh x may inde$ be reg>d$ z to a c]ta9 ext5t impure1 /ill its wat] is already cov]$ ) ! congeal+ ve/ure ( its e>?1 & x ?us t5ds to p]fection4 ,?is condition is ! reason :y silv] is ev]y:]e call$ by ! ,sages ! p]fect female body4 ,& lat] he writes3 ,9 %ort1 our :ole ,magi/]y consi/s 9 ! union ( ! male & female1 or active & passive1 elem5ts ?r\gh ! m$iation ( our metallic wat] & a prop] degree ( heat4 ,n[1 ! male & female are two metallic bodies1 & ?is ,i w aga9 prove by irrefragable quotations f ! ,sages4 ,"s ( ! quotations w be giv53 ,avic5na3 ',purify husb& & wife sep>ately1 9 ord] t !y may unite m intimately2 = if y d n purify !m1 !y _c love ea* o!r4 ,by conjunction ( ! two natures y get a cle> & lucid nature1 :i*1 :5 x asc5ds1 becomes bright & s]viceable4'444 ,s5ior3 ',i1 ! ,sun1 am hot & dry1 & ?\1 ! ,moon1 are cold & moi/2 :5 we are w$d$ toge!r 9 a clos$ *amb]1 ,i w g5tly /eal away ?y s\l4'444 ,ros9us3 ',:5 ! ,sun1 my bro!r1 = ! love ( me 7silv]7 p\rs 8 sp]m 7i4e4 8 sol> fatness7 into ! *amb] 7i4e4 my ,lun> body71 namely1 :5 we become "o 9 a /rong & complete complexion & union1 ! *ild ( our w$d$ love w be born4444 ',ros>y'3 ',! f]m5t ( ! ,sun is ! sp]m ( ! man1 ! f]m5t ( ! ,moon1 ! sp]m ( ! woman4 ,( bo? we get a *a/e union & a true g5]ation4'444 ,ari/otle3 ',take y\r belov$ son1 & w$ him to 8 si/]1 8 :ite si/]1 9 equal m>riage1 & give !m ! cup ( love1 = x is a food :i* prompts to union4' 7#a;a7 ,,kelly1 ( c\rse1 accepts ! traditional au?or%ip ( ! works f :i* he quotes1 ?\gh 9 _m cases su* au?or%ip is d\btful1 to say ! lea/4 ,! al*emical works ascrib$ to ,,ari/otle 7#chd-cbb ,b4,c471 = in/ance1 are beyond "q =g]ies4 ,inde$1 ! symbol ( a union betwe5 bro!r & si/]1 "h quot$1 c\ld h>dly be held z acceptable to ,greek ?\ght1 to :i* ince/ 0 ! mo/ abom9able & un=giveable s94 ,x seems likeli] t x orig9at$ ) ! ,egyptians1 to :om su* unions 7 tol]able 9 fact4 ,! symbol is (t5 met ) 9 ,lat9 al*emy4 ,,mi*ael ,,mai] 7#aefh-afbb7 also says3 conjunge fratrem cum sorore et prop9a illis poculum amoris1 ! words =m+ a motto to a picture ( a man & woman clasp$ 9 ea* o!r's arms1 to :om an old] man (f]s a goblet4 ,?is symbolic picture occurs 9 8 ,atalanta ,fugi5s1 hoc e/1 ,emblemata nova de ,secretis ,naturae ,*ymica1 etc4 7,opp5heim1 #afag74 ,?is "w is an exce$+ly curi\s "o4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( c>efully execut$ pictures1 ea* accompani$ by a motto1 a v]se ( poetry set to music1 ) a prose text4 ,_m ( ! pictures are phallic 9 conception1 & practically all ( !m are an?ropomorphic4 ,n only ! prim>y function ( sex1 b especially its second>y "o ( lactation1 is made use (4 ,! mo/ curi\s ( ^! emblematic pictures1 p]haps1 is "o symbolis+ ! conjunction ( gold & silv]4 ,x %[s on ! "r a man & woman1 repres5t+ ! sun & moon1 9 ! act ( coition1 /&+ up to ! ?ighs 9 a lake4 ,on ! left1 on a hill above ! lake1 a woman 7) ! moon z halo7 gives bir? to a *ild4 ,a boy is com+ out ( ! wat] t[>ds h]4 ,! v]se in=ms u t3 ,! ba? gl[s r$ at ! conception ( ! boy1 ! air at 8 bir?4 ,we le>n also t !re is a /one1 & yet !re is n1 :i* is ! noble gift ( ,god4 ,if ,god grants x1 =tunate w be he :o %all receive x47#a7 7#a;a7 ,,edw>d ,,kelly3 ,! ,/one ( ! ,philosoph]s1 ,op4 cit41 pp #ac1 #ad1 #cc1 #ce1 #cf1 #ch-dj1 & #dg4 7#a7 ,op4 ,cit41 p4 #ade ,conc]n+ ! nature ( gold1 !re is a discussion 9 ,! ,answ] ( ,,b]n>dus ,,trevisanus to ! ,epi/le ( ,?omas ( ,bononia1 ) :i* ,i %all close my consid]ation ( ! pres5t aspect ( ! subject4 ,its int]e/ = u lies 9 ! argum5ts :i* are us$ & held to be valid4 ,besides1 y say t ,gold1 z mo/ ?9k1 is no?+ else ?an ,quick-silv] coagulat$ naturally by ! =ce ( ,sulphur2 yet s1 t no?+ ( ! ,sulphur :i* g5]at$ ! ,gold1 do? rema9 9 ! sub/ance ( ! ,gold3 z 9 an humane ,embryo1 :5 x is conceiv$ 9 ! ,womb1 !re rema9s no?+ ( ! ,fa!r's ,se$1 accord+ to ,ari/otle's op9ion1 b ! ,se$ ( ! ,man do? only coagulate ! m5/rual blood ( ! ,woman3 9 ! same mann] y say1 t aft] ,quick-silv] is s coagulat$1 ! =m ( ,gold is p]fect$ 9 x1 by virtue ( ! ,heav5ly ,bodies1 & especially ( ! ,sun47#a7 ,,b]n>d1 h[ev]1 decides aga9/ ?is view1 hold+ t gold conta9s bo? m]cury & sulphur1 = we mu/ n imag9e1 accord+ to _! mi/ake :o say1 t ! ,male ,ag5t himself approa*es ! ,female 9 ! coagulation1 & dep>ts aft]w>ds2 because1 z is kn[n 9 e g5]ation1 ! conception is active & passive3 ,bo? ! active & ! passive1 t is1 all ! f\r ,elem5ts1 mu/ always abide toge!r1 o!rwise !re w\ld be no mixture1 & ! hope ( g5]at+ an (f-spr+ w\ld be ext+ui%$47#b7 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #bjf & #bjg4 7#b7 ,ibid41 pp4 #bab & #bac4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i wi% to say some?+ ( ! role ( sex 9 spiritual al*emy4 ,b 9 do+ ?is ,i am v5tur+ outside ! orig9al field ( inquiry ( ?is essay & mak+ a by no means necess>y addition to my !sis2 & ,i am anxi\s t :at foll[s %\ld be und]/ood z su*1 s t no confusion z to ! issues may arise4 ,9 ! great al*emical collection ( ,j4 ,j4 ,,manget1 !re is a curi\s "w 7orig9ally publi%$ 9 #afgg71 entitl$ ,mutus ,lib]1 :i* consi/s entirely ( plates1 )\t lett]press4 ,its int]e/ = u 9 our pres5t conc]n is t ! al*emi/1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! "w until its a*ievem5t1 is %[n work+ 9 conjunction ) a woman4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ,,nicolas ,,flamel 7#accj-adah71 :o is reput$ to h a*iev$ ! magnum opus toge!r ) 8 wife ,,p]nelle1 z well z ( ! _m o!r wom5 work]s 9 ! ,art ( :om we read4 ,x w\ld be ( int]e/ 9 ?is connection to "k exactly :at association ( ideas 0 pres5t 9 ! m9d ( ,,mi*ael ,,mai] :5 he comm&$ ! al*emi/3 ,p]=m a "w ( wom5 on ! molt5 :ite lead1 t is1 cook17#a;a7 & illu/rat$ 8 behe/ ) a picture ( a pregnant woman wat*+ a fire ov] :i* is susp5d$ a cauldron & on :i* are ?ree j>s4 ,!re is a cat 9 ! backgr\nd1 & a tub conta9+ two fi% 9 ! =egr\nd1 ! :ole =m+ a v curi\s collection ( emblems4 ,mr ,,waite1 :o has dealt ) "s ( ^! matt]s1 lum9\sly1 ?\gh briefly1 says3 ,! evid5ces ) :i* we h be5 deal+ conc]n solely ! physical "w ( al*emy & !re is no?+ ( its my/ical aspects4 ,! ,mutus ,lib] is und\bt$ly on ! lit]al side ( metallic transmutation2 ! memorials ( ,ni*olas ,flamel are also on t side1 etc4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t ,x is on record t an unkn[n ma/] te/ifi$ to 8 possession ( ! my/]y1 b he add$ t he _h n proce$$ to ! "w because he _h fail$ to meet ) an elect woman :o 0 necess>y !reto2 & proce$s to say3 ,i suppose t ! /atem5t w awak5 9 mo/ m9ds only a vague s5se ( wond]1 & ,i c m]ely indicate 9 a few g5]al words t :i* ,i see beh9d x4 ,^? ,h]metic texts :i* be> a spiritual int]pretation & are z if a record ( spiritual exp]i5ce pres5t1 l ! lit]ature ( physical al*emy1 ! foll[+ aspects ( symbolism3 7a7 ! m>riage ( sun & moon2 7b7 ( a my/ical k+ & que52 7c7 an union betwe5 natures :i* are "o at ! root b div]se 9 manife/ation2 7d7 a transmutation :i* foll[s ?is union & an abid+ glory !re94 ,x is ev] a conjunction betwe5 male & female 9 a my/ical s5se2 x is ev] ! br++ toge!r by art ( ?+s sep>at$ by an imp]fect ord] ( ?+s2 x is ev] ! p]fection ( natures by means ( ?is conjunction4 ,b if ! my/ical "w ( al*emy is an inw>d "w 9 consci\sness1 !n ! union betwe5 male & female is an union 9 consci\sness2 & if we rememb] ! traditions ( a /ate :5 male & female _h n z yet be5 divid$1 x may dawn ^u u t ! high] al*emy 0 a practice = ! return into ?is ineffable mode ( be+4 ,! traditional doctr9e is set =? 9 ! ,zoh> & x is f\nd 9 writ]s l ,jacob ,boehme2 x is intimat$ 9 ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis &1 accord+ to an apocryphal say+ ( ,*ri/1 ! k+dom ( heav5 w be manife/$ :5 two %all be z "o1 or :5 t /ate has be5 once aga9 atta9$4 ,9 ! light ( ?is con/ruction we c und]/& :y ! my/ical adept w5t 9 se>* ( a wise woman ) :om ! "w c\ld be p]=m$2 b few !re be t f9d h]1 & he confess$ to 8 own failure4 ,! "p ( woman 9 ! physical practice ( al*emy is l a reflection at a di/ance ( ?is m exalt$ process1 & !re is evid5ce t ^? :o work$ 9 metals & s\ght = a mat]ial elixir knew t !re 7 o!r & great] aspects ( ! ,h]metic my/]y47#a;b7 7#a;a7 ,,mi*ael ,,mat]3 ,atalanta ,fugi5s 7#afag71 p4 #ig4 7#a;b7 ,a ,e4 ,,waite3 ,woman & ! ,h]metic ,my/]y1 ,! ,occult ,review 7,june #aiab71 vol4 xv4 pp4 #cbe & #cbf4 ,s f> ,mr ,,waite1 ^: impressive words ,i h quot$ at "s l5g?2 & he has giv5 u a full] acc\nt ( ! !ory z f\nd 9 ! ,zoh> 9 8 valuable "w on ,! ,secret ,doctr9e 9 ,israel 7#aiac74 ,! ,zoh> reg>ds m>riage & ! p]=mance ( ! sexual function 9 m>riage z ( supreme importance1 & ?is n m]ely because m>riage symbolises a div9e union1 unless t expression is held to include all t logically foll[s f ! fact1 b because1 z x seems1 ! sexual act 9 m>riage may1 9 fact1 become a ritual ( transc5d5tal magic4 ,at lea/ ?ree v>ieties ( op9ion c be trac$ f ! view ( sex we h "u consid]ation1 z to ! nature ( ! p]fect man1 & h5ce ( ! mo/ adequate symbol = transmutation4 ,accord+ to "o1 & ?is appe>s to h be5 ,,jacob ,,boehme',s view1 ! p]fect man is conceiv$ ( z non-sexual1 ! male & female elem5ts unit$ 9 him hav+1 z x 71 neutralis$ ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ano!r1 he is pictur$ z a h]maphroditic be+1 a concept we frequ5tly come across 9 al*emical lit]ature4 ,x plays a prom95t "p 9 ,,mai]',s book ,atalanta ,fugi5s1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,,mai]',s h]maphrodite has two heads1 "o male1 "o female1 b only "o body1 "o pair ( arms1 & "o pair ( legs4 ,! two sexual organs1 :i* are plac$ side by side1 are del9eat$ 9 ! illu/rations ) consid]able c>e1 %[+ ! importance ,,mai] atta*$ to ! idea4 ,?is concept seems to me n only crude1 b unnatural & repell5t4 ,b x may be said ( bo? ! op9ions ,i h m5tion$1 t !y confuse betwe5 union & id5tity4 ,x is ! old mi/ake1 ) respect to a less] goal1 ( ^? :o hope = absorption 9 ! ,div9e ,nature & consequ5t loss ( p]sonality4 ,x seems to be =gott5 t a c]ta9 degree ( di/9ction is necess>y to ! joy ( union4 ,di/9ction & sep>ation1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 h diff]5t connotations4 ,if ! supreme joy is t ( self-sacrifice1 !n ! self mu/ be su* t x c be cont9ually sacrific$1 else ! joy is a purely transitory "o1 or r1 is de/roy$ at ! mom5t ( its consummation4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh sacrific$1 ! self mu/ /ill rema9 itself4 ,! ?ird view ( p]fection1 to :i* ^! rem>ks naturally lead1 is t :i* sees x typifi$ 9 m>riage4 ,! my/ic-philosoph] ,,sw$5borg has "s exce$+ly sugge/ive ?+s to say on ! matt] 9 8 extraord9>y "w on ,conjugial ,love1 :i*1 curi\sly en\gh1 seem l>gely to h escap$ ! notice ( /ud5ts ( ^! high my/]ies4 ,,sw$5borg',s heav5 is a sexual heav51 because = him sex is prim>ily a spiritual fact1 & only second>ily1 & because ( :at x is prim>ily1 a physical fact2 & salvation is h>dly possible1 accord+ to him1 ap>t f a g5u9e m>riage 7:e!r a*iev$ "h or h]eaft]74 ,man & woman are consid]$ z complem5t>y be+s1 & x is only ?r\gh ! union ( "o man ) "o woman t ! p]fect angel results4 ,! altrui/ic t5d5cy ( su* a !ory z contra/$ ) ! egotism ( "o 9 :i* p]fection is reg>d$ z obta9able by ea* p]sonality ( itself alone1 is a po9t wor? emphasis+4 ,z to ! nature ( ?is union1 x is1 to use ,,sw$5borg',s own t]ms1 a conjunction ( ! w ( ! wife ) ! und]/&+ ( ! man1 & reciprocally ( ! und]/&+ ( ! man ) ! w ( ! wife4 ,x is ?us a manife/ation ( t fundam5tal m>riage betwe5 ! good & ! true :i* is at ! root ( all exi/5ce2 & x is because ( ?is fundam5tal m>riage t all m5 & wom5 are born into ! desire to complete !mselves by conjunction4 ,! symbol ( sexual int]c\rse is a legitimate "o to use 9 speak+ ( ?is heav5ly union2 inde$1 we may describe ! highe/ bliss atta9able by ! s\l1 or conceivable by ! m9d1 z a spiritual orgasm4 ,into conjugal love are collect$1 says ,,sw$5borg1 all ! bless$nesses1 blissfulnesses1 delightsom5esses1 pleasantnesses1 & pleasures1 :i* c\ld possibly be conf]r$ ^u man by ! ,"l ! ,creator47#a7 ,9 ano!r place he writes3 ,m>ri$ p>tn]s 79 heav57 enjoy simil> int]c\rse ) ea* o!r z 9 ! _w1 b m delightful & bless$2 yet )\t prolification1 = :i*1 or 9 place ( :i*1 !y h spiritual prolification1 :i* is t ( love & wisdom4 ,! reason1 he adds1 :y ! int]c\rse !n is m delightful & bless$ is1 t :5 conjugial love becomes ( ! _s1 x becomes m int]ior & pure1 & consequ5tly m p]ceptible2 & e delightsom5ess gr[s accord+ to ! p]ception1 & gr[s ev5 until its bless$ness is disc]nible 9 its delightsom5ess47#a;b7 ,su* love1 h[ev]1 he says1 is r>ely to be f\nd on e>?4 7#a7 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg3 ,! ,delights ( ,wisdom relat+ to ,conjugial ,love 7trans4 by ,a4 ,h4 ,,se>le1 #ahia71 ,,se #fh4 7#a;b7 ,,emanuel ,,sw$5borg3 ,op4 cit41 ,,se #ea4 ,a le>n$ ,japanese speaks ) approval ( ,idealism z a dream :]e s5su\sness & spirituality f9d !mselves to be blood bro!rs or si/]s47#b7 ,x is a /atem5t :i* involves ei!r ! grosse/ & mo/ dang]\s error1 or ! pr(\nde/ tru?1 accord+ to ! und]/&+ ( x4 ,woman is a road :]eby man travels ei!r to ,god or ! devil4 ,! problem ( sex is a f> deep] problem ?an appe>s at fir/ sight1 involv+ my/]ies bo? ! dire/ & mo/ holy4 ,x is by no means a fanta/ic hypo!sis t ! inmo/ my/]y ( :at a c]ta9 s*ool ( my/ics calls ! ,secret ,tradition 0 a sexual "o4 ,at any rate1 ! fact t "s ( ^?1 at lea/1 to :om al*emy connot$ a my/ical process1 7 alive to ! pr(\nd spiritual significance ( sex1 r5d]s ( d\ble int]e/ :at !y h to intimate ( ! a*ievem5t ( ! ,magnum ,opus 9 man4 7#b7 ,,yone ,,nogu*i3 ,! ,_s ( ,japanese ,art 7#aiae71 p4 #cg4 ,,xi4 ,,rog] ,,bacon3 ,,an ,,appreciation ,,x has be5 said t a prophet is n )\t hon\r1 save 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,!reto might be add$1 & 9 8 own "t2 =1 :il/ !re is cont9uity 9 "t1 !re is also evolution1 & ,engl& ( to-day1 = in/ance1 is n ! same c\ntry z ,engl& ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 8 own day ,,rog] ,,bacon 0 acc\nt$ a magician1 ^: h]etical views call$ = suppression by ! ,*ur*4 ,& = _m a long day aft]w>ds 0 he ma9ly rememb]$ z a co-work] 9 ! black art ) ,fri> ,,bungay1 :o toge!r ) him con/ruct$1 by ! aid ( ! devil & diabolical rites1 a braz5 head :i* %\ld possess ! p[] ( spee*--! exp]im5t only fail+ ?r\gh ! neglig5ce ( an assi/ant47#a7 ,su* 0 ,,rog] ,,bacon 9 ! memory ( ! lat] ,middle ,ages & _m succe$+ ye>s2 he 0 ! typical al*emi/1 :]e t t]m c>ries ) x ! dep? ( disrepute1 ?\gh inde$ al*emy 0 = him b "o1 & t n ! greate/1 ( _m int]e/s4 7#a7 ,! /ory1 ( c\rse1 is entirely fictiti\s4 ,= fur!r p>ticul>s see ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,s&ys' essay on ,rog] ,bacon 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 9 ,rog] ,bacon ,essays 7#aiad71 ref]r$ to bel[4 ,il*e/]1 9 ,som]set1 claims ! hon\r ( be+ ! place ( ,,rog] ,,bacon',s bir?1 :i* int]e/+ & important ev5t occurr$1 probably1 9 #abad4 ,"y ,,bacon /udi$ !ology1 philosophy1 & :at !n pass$ "u ! "n ( sci5ce1 fir/ at ,ox=d1 !n ! c5tre ( lib]al ?\ght1 & aft]w>ds at ,p>is1 9 ! rigid or?odoxy ( ^: pr(essors he f\nd m to criticise ?an to admire4 ,:il/ at ,ox=d he jo9$ ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 & at ,p>is he is said1 ?\gh ?is is probably an error1 to h graduat$ z ,doctor ( ,!ology4 ,dur+ #abej-abef we f9d him back 9 ,engl&1 no d\bt engag$ 9 /udy & tea*+4 ,ab\t ! latt] ye>1 h[ev]1 he is said to h be5 bani%$--on a *>ge ( hold+ het]odox views & indulg+ 9 magical practices--to ,p>is1 :]e he 0 kept 9 close conf9em5t & =bidd5 to write4 ,mr ,,little17#a7 h[ev]1 believes ?is to be an error1 bas$ on a misread+ ( a passage 9 "o ( ,,bacon',s works1 & t ,,rog] 0 n imprison$1 b /rick5 ) sickness4 ,at any rate x is n improbable t "s re/rictions z to 8 writ+ 7 plac$ on him by 8 sup]iors ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,9 #abff ,,bacon receiv$ a lett] f ,pope ,,clem5t ask+ him to s5d ,8 ,hol9ess 8 works 9 writ+ )\t delay4 ,?is lett] came z a mo/ pleasant surprise to ,,bacon2 b he _h no?+ ( importance writt51 & 9 great ha/e & excitem5t1 !re=e1 he compos$ ?ree works explicat+ 8 philosophy1 ! ,opus ,majus1 ! ,opus ,m9us1 & ! ,opus ,t]tium1 :i* 7 complet$ & dispat*$ to ! ,pope by ! end ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,?is1 z ,mr ,,r[bottom rem>ks1 is surely "o ( ! lit]>y feats ( hi/ory1 p]haps only surpass$ by ,sw$5borg :5 he wrote six !ological & philosophical treatises 9 "o ye>47#a;b7 7#a7 ,see 8 contribution1 ,on ,rog] ,bacon's ,life & ,works1 to ,rog] ,bacon ,essays4 7#a;b7 ,b4 ,r4 ,,r[bottom3 ,rog] ,bacon1 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,al*emical ,society1 vol4 ii4 7#aiad71 p4 #gg4 ,! works appe> to h be5 well receiv$4 ,we next f9d ,,bacon at ,ox=d writ+ 8 ,comp5dium ,/udii ,philosophiae1 9 :i* "w he indulg$ 9 "s by no means unju/ criticisms ( ! cl]gy1 = :i* he fell "u ! condemnation ( 8 ord]1 & 0 imprison$ 9 #abgg on a *>ge ( tea*+ suspect$ novelties4 ,9 ^? days any k ( natural ph5om5a beyond t ( ! quasi-sci5ce ( ! times 0 reg>d$ z magic1 & no d\bt "s ( ,,rog] ,,bacon',s suspect$ novelties 7 ( ?is nature2 8 recognition ( ! value ( ! writ+s ( non-,*ri/ian morali/s 01 no d\bt1 ano!r suspect$ novelty4 ,appeals = 8 release direct$ to ! ,pope prov$ fruitless1 be+ fru/rat$ by ,,j]ome ,d',,ascoli1 ,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 :o %ortly aft]w>ds succe$$ to ! ,holy ,see "u ! title ( ,,ni*olas ,,iv4 ,! latt] di$ 9 #abib1 :]eupon ,,raymond ,,gaufr$i1 :o _h be5 elect$ ,g5]al ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]1 & :o1 x is ?\ght1 0 well dispos$ t[>ds ,,bacon1 because ( c]ta9 al*emical secrets ! latt] _h reveal$ to him1 ord]$ 8 release4 ,,bacon return$ to ,ox=d1 :]e he wrote 8 la/ "w1 ! ,comp5dium ,/udii ,!ologiae4 ,he di$ ei!r 9 ?is ye> or 9 #abid47a7 7#a7 ,= fur!r details conc]n+ ,,bacon',s life1 ,,emile ,,*>les3 ,rog] ,bacon1 sa ,vie1 ses ,ouvrages1 ses ,doctr9es 7#ahfa72 ,j4 ,h4 ,,bridges3 ,! ,life ,"w ( ,rog] ,bacon1 an ,introduction to ! ,opus ,majus 7edit$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,,jones1 #aiad72 & ,mr ,a4 ,g4 ,,little',s essay 9 ,rog] ,bacon ,essays1 may be consult$4 ,x 0 n until ! publication by ,dr ,,samuel ,,jebb1 9 #agcc1 ( ! great] "p ( ,,bacon',s ,opus ,majus1 ne>ly f\r & a half c5turies aft] 8 dea?1 t any?+ l 8 rightful position 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy began to be assign$ to him4 ,b let 8 _s be no long] tr\bl$1 if x 7 ev] tr\bl$ by neglect or sl&]1 = ! _w1 & fir/ & =emo/ 8 own c\ntry1 has paid him due hon\r4 ,8 septc5t5>y 0 duly celebrat$ 9 #aiad at 8 alma mat]1 ,ox=d1 8 /atue has !re be5 rais$ z a memorial to 8 greatness1 & savants h met$ out praise to him 9 no grudg+ tones47#b7 ,inde$1 a voice has "h & !re be5 he>d depreciat+ 8 bett]-kn[n namesake ,,francis17#c7 s t ! lat] lum9>y %\ld n1 /&+ 9 ! way1 obscure ! light ( ! e>li]2 ?\gh1 = my "p1 ,i w\ld sugge/ t "o ne$ n be s "o-ey$ z to fail to see bo? lights at once4 7#b7 ,see ,rog] ,bacon1 ,essays contribut$ by v>i\s ,writ]s on ! ,occasion ( ! ,commemoration ( ! ,sev5? ,c5t5>y ( 8 ,bir?4 ,collect$ & edit$ by ,a4 ,g4 ,,little 7#aiad72 also ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,s&ys' ,rog] ,bacon 7f ,! ,proce$+s ( ! ,briti% ,association1 vol4 vi41 #aiad74 7#c7 ,= example1 t ( ,,ern/ ,,duhr+4 ,see an article entitl$ ,! ,two ,bacons1 translat$ f 8 ,kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] ,philosophie 9 ,! ,op5 ,c\rt = ,augu/ #aiad4 ,to ^? :o l to obs]ve co9cid5ces1 x may be ( int]e/ t ! septc5t5>y ( ! discov]] ( gunp[d] %\ld h co9cid$ ) ! outbreak ( ! greate/ w> "u :i* ! _w has yet groan$1 ev5 ?\gh gunp[d] is no long] employ$ z a milit>y propellant4 ,,bacon',s ref]5ce to gunp[d] occurs 9 8 ,epi/ola de ,secretis ,op]ibus ,artis et ,naturae1 et de ,nullitate ,magiae 7,hamburg1 #afah7 a little tract writt5 aga9/ magic1 9 :i* he endeav\rs to %[1 & succe$s v well 9 ! fir/ eight *apt]s1 t ,nature & art c p]=m f> m extraord9>y feats ?an are claim$ by ! work]s 9 ! black art4 ,! la/ ?ree *apt]s are writt5 9 an al*emical j>gon ( :i* ev5 "o v]s$ 9 ! symbolic language ( al*emy c make no s5se4 ,!y are evid5tly cryptogramic1 & probably deal ) ! prep>ation & purification ( saltpetre1 :i* _h only rec5tly be5 discov]$ z a di/9ct body47#a7 ,9 *apt] xi4 !re is ref]5ce to an explosive body1 :i* c only be gunp[d]2 by means ( x1 says ,,bacon1 y may1 if y "k ! trick1 produce a bright fla% & a ?und]+ noise4 ,he m5tions two ( ! +r$i5ts1 saltpetre & sulphur1 b conceals ! ?ird 7i4e4 *>coal7 "u an anagram4 ,claims h1 inde$1 be5 put =? = ! ,greek1 ,arab1 ,h9du1 & ,*9ese orig9s ( gunp[d]1 b a close exam9ation ( ! orig9al anci5t acc\nts purport+ to conta9 ref]5ces to gunp[d]1 %[s t only inc5di>y & n explosive bodies are really dealt )4 ,b :il/ ,,rog] ,,bacon knew ( ! explosive prop]ty ( a mixture 9 "r proportions ( sulphur1 *>coal1 & pure saltpetre 7:i* he no d\bt accid5tally hit ^u :il/ exp]im5t+ ) ! la/-nam$ body71 he 0 unaw>e ( its projective p[]4 ,t discov]y1 s detrim5tal to ! happ9ess ( man ev] s9ce1 01 9 all probability1 due to ,,b]?old ,,s*w>z ab\t #accj4 7#a7 ,= an attempt$ explanation ( ?is cryptogram1 & evid5ce t ,,bacon 0 ! discov]] ( gunp[d]1 see ,lieut4-,col4 ,h4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,hime',s ,gunp[d] & ,ammunition3 _! ,orig9 & ,progress 7#aijd74 ,,rog] ,,bacon has be5 cr$it$7#a7 ) _m o!r discov]ies4 ,9 ! "w already ref]r$ to he all[s 8 imag9ation freely to speculate z to ! wond]s t might be accompli%$ by a sci5tific utilisation ( ,nature's =ces--m>vell\s ?+s ) l5ses1 9 br++ di/ant objects ne> & s =?1 c>riages propell$ by me*anical means1 fly+ ma*9es444--b 9 no case is ! ^w discov]y 9 any s5se applicable1 = n ev5 9 ! case ( ! telescope does ,,bacon describe means by :i* 8 speculations might be realis$4 7#a7 ,= in/ance by ,mr ,m4 ,m4 ,p4 ,,muir4 ,see 8 contribution1 on ,rog] ,bacon3 ,8 ,relations to ,al*emy & ,*emi/ry1 to ,rog] ,bacon ,essays4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,,rog] ,,bacon has (t5 be5 malign$ = 8 beliefs 9 a/rology & al*emy1 b1 z ! late ,dr ,,bridges 7:o 0 q sceptical ( ! claims ( bo?7 po9t$ out1 n to h believ$ 9 !m 9 ,,bacon',s day w\ld h be5 r an evid5ce ( m5tal weakness ?an o!rwise4 ,:at relevant facts 7 kn[n support$ al*emical & a/rological hypo!ses4 ,a/rology1 ,dr ,,bridges writes1 con=m$ to ! fir/ law ( ,comte's philosophia prima1 z be+ ! be/ hypo!sis ( :i* asc]ta9$ ph5om5a admitt$47#a7 ,& 9 8 al*emical speculations ,,bacon 0 mu* 9 advance ( 8 contempor>ies1 & /at$ problems :i* are among/ ^? ( mod]n *emi/ry4 7#a7 ,op4 cit41 p4#hd4 ,,rog] ,,bacon',s greatness does n lie 9 ! fact t he discov]$ gunp[d]1 nor 9 ! fur!r fact t 8 speculations h be5 validat$ by o!r m54 ,8 greatness lies 9 8 secure grip ( sci5tific me?od z a comb9ation ( ma!matical reason+ & exp]im5t4 ,m5 be=e him _h exp]im5t$1 b none seem$ to h realis$ ! importance ( ! exp]im5tal me?od4 ,nor 0 he1 ( c\rse1 by any means ! fir/ ma!matician--!re 0 a long l9e ( ,greek & ,arabian ma!maticians beh9d him1 m5 ^: k ( ! sci5ce 0 9 _m cases mu* great] ?an 8--or ! mo/ le>n$ ma!matician ( 8 day2 b none realis$ ! importance ( ma!matics z an organon ( sci5tific rese>* z he did2 & he 0 assur$ly ! prie/ :o jo9$ ma!matics to exp]im5t 9 ! bonds ( sacr$ matrimony4 ,we mu/ n1 inde$1 look = precise rules ( inductive reason+ 9 ! works ( ?is pione] writ] on sci5tific me?od4 ,nor d we f9d really satisfactory rules ( induction ev5 9 ! works ( ,,francis ,,bacon4 ,moreov]1 ! latt] despis$ ma!matics1 & x 0 n until 9 q rec5t ye>s t ! sci5tific _w came to realise t ,,rog]',s me?od is ! m fruitful--witness ! mod]n revolution 9 *emi/ry produc$ by ! adoption ( ma!matical me?ods4 ,,rog] ,,bacon1 x may be said1 0 _m c5turies 9 advance ( 8 "t2 b x is equally true t he 0 ! *ild ( 8 "t2 ?is may acc\nt = 8 defects judg$ by mod]n /&>ds4 ,he ow$ n a little to 8 contempor>ies3 = 8 k & high e/imate ( philosophy he 0 l>gely indebt$ to 8 ,ox=d ma/] ,,grossete/e 7c4 #aage-abec71 :il/ ,,pet] ,,p]egr9us1 8 fri5d at ,p>is1 fo/]$ 8 love ( exp]im5t1 & ! ,arab ma!maticians1 ^: works he knew1 incl9$ 8 m9d to ma!matical /udies4 ,he 0 viol5tly oppos$ to ! s*ola/ic views curr5t 9 ,p>is at 8 "t1 & attack$ great ?9k]s l ,,?omas ,,aqu9as 7c4 #abbe-abgd7 & ,,alb]tus ,,magnus 7#aaic-abhj71 z well z obscuranti/s1 su* z ,,alex&] ( ,,hales 7ob4 #abde74 ,b he himself 0 a s*ola/ic philosoph]1 ?\gh ( no s]vile type1 tak+ "p 9 s*ola/ic argum5ts4 ,if he decl>$ t he w\ld h all ! works ( ,,ari/otle burn$1 x 0 n because he hat$ ! ,p]ipatetic's philosophy--?\gh he c\ld criticise z well z appreciate at times1--b because ( ! rott5ness ( ! translations t 7 !n us$4 ,x seems commonplace n[1 b x 0 a truly wond]ful ?+ !n3 ,,rog] ,,bacon believ$ 9 accuracy1 & 0 by no means de/itute ( lit]>y e?ics4 ,he believ$ 9 correct translation1 correct quotation1 & ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! s\rces ( "o's quotations--unhe>d-( ?+s1 almo/1 9 ^? days4 ,b ev5 he 0 n free f all ! vices ( 8 age3 9 spite ( 8 insi/5ce ^u exp]im5tal v]ification ( ! conclusions ( d$uctive reason+1 9 "o place1 at lea/1 he adopts a view conc]n+ l5ses f ano!r writ]1 ( :i* ! simple/ attempt at su* v]ification w\ld h reveal$ ! falsity4 ,= su* lapses1 h[ev]1 we c make all[ances4 ,ano!r & und5iable claim to greatness re/s on ,,rog] ,,bacon',s broad-m9d$ness4 ,he c\ld actually value at _! true wor? ! moral philosophies ( non-,*ri/ian writ]s--,,s5eca 7c4 #e ,b4,c4-,a4,d4 #fe7 & ,,al ,,ghazzali 7#ajeh-aaaa71 = in/ance4 ,b if he 0 ca?olic 9 ! orig9al mean+ ( t t]m1 he 0 also ca?olic 9 its re/rict$ s5se4 ,he 0 no h]etic3 ! ,pope = him 0 ! ,vic> ( ,,*ri/1 :om he wi%$ to see reign ov] ! :ole _w1 n by =ce ( arms1 b by ! assimilation ( all t 0 wor?y 9 t _w4 ,to 8 m9d--& "h he 0 c]ta9ly a *ild ( 8 age1 9 its be/ s5se1 p]haps--all o!r sci5ces 7 h&maid5s to !ology1 que5 ( !m all4 ,all 7 to be subs]vi5t to h] aims3 ! ,*ur* he call$ ,ca?olic 0 to embrace 9 h] arms all t 0 wor?y 9 ! works ( pr(ane writ]s--true prophets ( ,god1 he held1 9 s f> z writ+ wor?ily !y unconsci\sly bore te/imony to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1--& all t ,nature might yield by pati5t exp]im5t & speculation guid$ by ma!matics4 ,"s m9ds see 9 ?is a defect 9 8 sy/em1 :i* limit$ 8 aims & outlook2 o!rs see x z ! unify+ pr9ciple giv+ coh]5ce to ! :ole4 ,at any rate1 ! ,*ur*1 z we h se51 reg>d$ 8 views z dang]\s1 & re/ra9$ 8 p5 = at lea/ a consid]able portion ( 8 life4 ,,rog] ,,bacon may seem egoti/ic 9 argum5t1 b 8 m9d 0 humble to le>n4 ,he 0 n sup]/iti\s1 b he w\ld li/5 to common folk :o work$ ) _! h&s1 to a/rolog]s1 & ev5 magicians1 d5y+ no?+ :i* seem$ to him to h "s evid5ce 9 exp]i5ce3 if he d5i$ mu* ( magical belief1 x 0 because he f\nd x lack+ 9 su* evid5ce4 ,he (t5 w5t a/ray 9 8 views2 he sometimes fail$ to apply 8 own me?od1 & t me?od 01 9 any case1 primitive & crude4 ,b x 0 ! ,,"r me?od1 9 embryo at lea/1 & ,,rog] ,,bacon1 9 spite ( trem5d\s opposition1 great] ?an t "u :i* any man ( sci5ce may n[ suff]1 p]si/$ 9 t me?od to ! end1 call+ ^u 8 contempor>ies to adopt x z ! only "o :i* results 9 "r k4 ,across ! c5turies--or1 r1 across ! gulf t divides ?is _w f ! next--let u salute ?is great & noble _s4 ,,xii4 ,,! ,,cambridge ,,platoni/s ,,!re is an op9ion1 un=tunately v common1 t religi\s my/icism is a product ( ! emotional temp]am5t1 & is diametrically oppos$ to ! _s ( rationalism4 ,no d\bt ?is op9ion is n )\t "s elem5t ( ju/ification1 & "o c\ld quote ! works ( n a few religi\s my/ics to ! effect t self-surr5d] to ,god implies1 n m]ely a giv+ up ( w1 b also ( reason4 ,b t ?is tea*+ is n an ess5tial elem5t 9 my/icism1 t x is1 inde$1 r its p]v]sion1 !re is adequate evid5ce to demon/rate4 ,,sw$5borg is1 ,i suppose1 ! out/&+ in/ance ( an intellectual my/ic2 b ! ess5tial unity ( my/icism & rationalism is almo/ z =cibly made evid5t 9 ! case ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s4 ,t little b& ( ,latitude m51 z _! contempor>ies call$ !m1 con/itutes "o ( ! f9e/ s*ools ( philosophy t ,engl& has produc$2 yet _! works are r>ely read1 ,i am afraid1 save by speciali/s4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 if x 7 m commonly kn[n :at a weal? ( s\nd philosophy & true spiritual tea*+ !y conta91 ! case w\ld be o!rwise4 ,! ,cambridge ,platoni/s--,,b5jam9 ,,:i*cote1 ,,john ,,smi?1 ,,na?anael ,,culv]wel1 ,,ralph ,,cudwor?1 & ,,h5ry ,,m are ! m out/&+ names--7 educat$ z ,puritans2 b !y cle>ly realis$ ! fundam5tal error ( ,puritanism1 :i* t5d$ to make a man's et]nal salvation dep5d ^u ! accuracy & ext5t ( 8 beliefs2 nor c\ld !y approve ( ! exagg]at$ import giv5 by ! ,high ,*ur* p>ty to matt]s ( ,*ur* polity4 ,! t]m ,cambridge ,platoni/s is1 p]haps1 less appropriate ?an t ( ,latitud9>ians1 :i* latt] "n emphasises _! broad-m9d$ness 7ev5 if x c>ries ) x some?+ ( disapproval74 ,= al?\gh !y ow$ mu* to ,,ptato1 &1 p]haps1 m to ,,plot9us 7c4 ,a4,d4 #bjc-bfb71 !y 7 ,*ri/ians fir/ & ,platoni/s aft]w>ds1 &1 ) ! exception1 p]haps1 ( ,,m1 !y took no?+ f ^! philosoph]s :i* 0 n con=mable to ! ,scriptures4 ,,b5jam9 ,,:i*cote 0 born 9 #afji1 at ,:i*cote ,hall1 9 ! p>i% ( ,/oke1 ,%rop%ire4 ,9 #afbf he ent]$ ,emmanuel ,college1 ,cambridge1 !n reg>d$ z ! *ief ,puritan college ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,"h 8 college tutor 0 ,,an?ony ,,tuckney 7#aeii-afgj71 a man ( r>e "*1 comb9+ le>n+1 wit1 & piety4 ,betwe5 ,,:i*cote & ,,tuckney !re grew up a firm fri5d%ip1 f\nd$ on mutual affection & e/eem4 ,b ,,tuckney 0 unable to agree ) all ,,:i*cote',s broad-m9d$ views conc]n+ reason & au?ority2 & 9 lat] ye>s ?is gave rise to a controv]sy betwe5 !m1 9 :i* ,,tuckney s\ght to controv]t ,,:i*cote',s op9ions3 x 01 h[ev]1 c>ri$ on )\t acrimony1 & did n de/roy _! fri5d%ip4 ,,:i*cote became ,m4,a41 & 0 elect$ a fell[ ( 8 college1 9 #afcc1 hav+ obta9$ 8 ,b4,a4 f\r ye>s previ\sly4 ,he 0 orda9$ by ,,john ,,williams 9 #afcf1 & receiv$ ! important appo9tm5t ( ,sunday aft]noon lectur] at ,tr9ity ,*ur*4 ,8 lectures1 :i* he gave ) ! object ( turn+ m5's m9ds f polemics to ! great moral & spiritual realities at ! basis ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 f m]e =mal discussions to a true se>*+ into ! reason ( ?+s1 7 well att5d$ & highly appreciat$2 & he held ! appo9tm5t = tw5ty ye>s4 ,9 #afcd he became college tutor at ,emmanuel4 ,he possess$ all ! *>act]i/ics t g to make up an effici5t & well-belov$ tutor1 & 8 p]sonal influ5ce 0 su* z to inspire all 8 pupils1 among/ :om 7 bo? ,,john ,,smi? & ,,na?anael ,,culv]wel1 :o consid]ably amplifi$ 8 philosophical & religi\s doctr9es4 ,9 #afdj he became ,b4,d41 & n9e ye>s aft] 0 creat$ ,d4,d4 ,! college liv+ ( ,nor? ,cadbury1 9 ,som]set1 0 pres5t$ to him 9 #afdc1 & %ortly aft]w>ds he m>ri$4 ,9 ! next ye>1 h[ev]1 he 0 recall$ to ,cambridge1 & in/all$ z ,provo/ ( ,k+'s ,college 9 place ( ! eject$ ,dr ,,samuel ,,coll9s4 ,b x 0 greatly aga9/ 8 wi% t he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t1 & he only cons5t$ to d s on ! condition t "p ( 8 /ip5d %\ld be paid to ,,coll9s--an act :i* gives u a good insight into ! "* ( ! man4 ,9 #afej he resign$ ,nor? ,cadbury1 & ! liv+ 0 pres5t$ to ,,cudwor? 7see bel[71 & t[>ds ! end ( ?is ye> he 0 elect$ ,vice-,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity 9 succession to ,,tuckney4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 ,vice-,*ancellor%ip t he prea*$ ! s]mon t gave rise to ! controv]sy ) ! latt]4 ,ab\t ?is "t also he 0 pres5t$ ) ! liv+ ( ,milton1 9 ,cambridge%ire4 ,at ! ,re/oration he 0 eject$ f ! ,provo/%ip1 b1 hav+ compli$ ) ! ,act ( ,uni=mity1 he 01 9 #affb1 appo9t$ to ! cure ( ,/ ,anne's1 ,blackfri>s4 ,?is *ur* be+ de/roy$ 9 ! ,great ,fire1 ,,:i*cote retir$ to ,milton1 :]e he %[$ great k9dness to ! poor4 ,b "s ye>s lat] he return$ to ,london1 hav+ receiv$ ! vic>age ( ,/ ,lawr5ce1 ,jewry4 ,8 fri5ds at ,cambridge1 h[ev]1 /ill saw him on occasional visits1 & x 0 on "o su* visit to ,,cudwor?1 9 #afhc1 t he caught ! cold :i* caus$ 8 dea?4 ,,john ,,smi? 0 born at ,a*ur*1 ne> ,oundle1 9 #afah4 ,he ent]$ ,emmanuel ,college 9 #afcf1 became ,b4,a4 9 #afdj1 & proce$$ to ,m4,a4 9 #afdd1 9 :i* ye> he 0 appo9t$ a fell[ ( ,que5's ,college4 ,"h he lectur$ on ari?metic ) consid]able success4 ,he 0 not$ = 8 great le>n+1 especially 9 !ology & ,ori5tal languages1 z well z = 8 ju/ness1 uprightness1 & humility4 ,he di$ ( consumption 9 #afeb4 ,,na?anael ,,culv]wel 0 probably born ab\t ! same ye> z ,,smi?4 ,he ent]$ ,emmanuel ,college 9 #afcc1 ga9$ 8 ,b4,a4 9 #afcf1 & became ,m4,a4 9 #afdj4 ,soon aft]w>ds he 0 elect$ a fell[ ( 8 college4 ,he di$ ab\t #afea4 ,beyond ^! scant details1 no?+ is kn[n ( 8 life4 ,he 0 a man ( v great erudition1 z 8 po/hum\s treatise on ,! ,light ( ,nature makes evid5t4 ,,h5ry ,,m 0 born at ,gran?am 9 #afad4 ,f 8 e>lie/ days he 0 int]e/$ 9 !ological problems1 & 8 precoci\sness 9 ?is respect appe>s to h br\ght d[n on him ! wra? ( an uncle4 ,8 e>ly education 0 conduct$ at ,eton4 ,9 #afca he ent]$ ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 graduat$ ,b4,a4 9 #afce1 & receiv$ 8 ,m4,a4 9 #afci4 ,9 ! latt] ye> he 0 elect$ a fell[ ( ,*ri/'s & receiv$ ,holy ,ord]s4 ,he liv$ a v retir$ life1 refus+ all pref]m5t1 ?\gh _m valuable & hon\rable appo9tm5ts 7 (f]$ to him4 ,inde$1 he r>ely left ,*ri/'s1 except to visit 8 h]o9e pupil1 ,lady ,,conway1 ^: c\ntry seat1 ,ragley1 0 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,lady ,,conway 7ob4 #afgi7 appe>s to be rememb]$ only = ! fact t1 dy+ :il/ h] husb& 0 away1 h] physician1 ,f4 ,m4 ,,van ,,helmont 7#afah-afii7 7son ( ! fam\s al*emi/1 ,j4 ,b4 ,,van ,,helmont1 :om we h met already on ^! excursions71 pres]v$ h] body 9 spirits ( w9e1 s t he c\ld h ! pleasure ( behold+ x on 8 return4 ,%e seems to h be5 a woman ( consid]able le>n+1 ?\gh n free f fanta/ic ideas4 ,h] ultimate conv]sion to ,quak]ism 0 a sev]e bl[ to ,,m1 :o1 :il/ admir+ ! holy lives ( ! ,fri5ds1 reg>d$ !m z en?usia/s4 ,,m di$ 9 #afhg4 ,,m',s e>lie/ works 7 9 v]se1 & exhibit f9e feel+4 ,! foll[+ l9es1 quot$ f a poem on ,*>itie & ,humilitie1 are full ( *>m1 & well exhibit ,,m',s "*3-- ,f>re h ,i clambr$ 9 my m9d ,b n\ght s great z love ,i f9d3 ,deep-se>*+ wit1 m\nt-mov+ might1 ,are n\ght comp>'d to t great spright4 ,life ( ,delight & s\l ( blisse6 ,sure s\rce ( la/+ happ9esse6 ,high] ?an ,heav56 l[] ?an hell6 ,:at is ?y t5t8 ,:]e mai/ ?\ dwell8 ,my mansion highs humilitie1 ,heav5's va/e/ capabilitie ,! fur!r x do? d[nw>d t5d ,! high] up x do? asc5d2 ,if x g d[n to utmo/ n\ght ,x %all return ) t x s\ght47#a7 7#a7 ,see ,! ,life ( ! ,le>n$ & ,pi\s ,dr ,h5ry ,m444 by ,,ri*>d ,,w>d1 ,a4,m41 to :i* are annex$ ,div]s ,philosophical ,poems & ,hymns4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,f4 ,,h[>d 7#aiaa71 pp4 #bej & #bea4 ,lat] he took to prose1 & x mu/ be confess$ t he wrote too mu* & frequ5tly desc5d$ to polemics 7= example1 8 controv]sy ) ! al*emi/ ,,?omas ,,vaughan1 9 :i* bo? combatants freely us$ abuse74 ,al?\gh 9 8 ma9 views ,,m is ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool to :i* he belong$1 _m ( 8 less important op9ions are m or less peculi> to himself4 ,! relation betwe5 ,,m's & ,,desc>tes' 7#aeif-afej7 !ories z to ! nature ( _s is int]e/+4 ,:5 ,,m fir/ read ,,desc>tes' works he 0 fav\rably impress$ ) 8 views1 ?\gh )\t entirely agree+ ) him on all po9ts2 b lat] ! diff]5ce became acc5tuat$4 ,,desc>tes reg>d$ ext5sion z ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( matt]1 & ass]t$ t _s 0 extra-spatial4 ,to ,,m ?is seem$ l d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( _s1 :i* he reg>d$ z ext5d$1 & he po/ulat$ divisibility & imp5etrability z ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( matt]4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to get ov] "s ( ! inh]5t difficulties ( ?is view1 he put =w>d ! sugge/ion t _s is ext5d$ 9 f\r dim5sions3 ?us1 its app>5t 7i4e4 ?ree-dim5sional7 ext5sion c *ange1 :il/ its true 7i4e4 f\r-dim5sional7 ext5sion rema9s con/ant2 j z ! surface ( a piece ( metal c be increas$ by hamm]+ x out1 )\t increas+ ! volume ( ! metal4 ,"h1 ,i ?9k1 we h a n :olly inadequate symbol ( ! tru?2 b x rema9$ = ,,b]keley 7#afhe-agec7 to %[ position1 by demon/rat+ t1 s9ce space & ext5sion are p]ceptions ( ! m9d1 & ?us exi/ only 9 ! m9d z ideas1 space exi/s 9 _s3 n _s 9 space4 ,,m 0 a ke5 believ] 9 wit*craft1 & eag]ly inve/igat$ all cases ( ^! & l m>vels t came "u 8 notice4 ,9 ?is he 0 l>gely influ5c$ by ,,joseph ,,glanvil 7#afcf-afhj71 ^: book on wit*craft1 ! well-kn[n ,saducismus ,triumphatus1 ,,m l>gely contribut$ to1 & probably edit$4 ,,m 0 :olly unsuit$ = psy*ical rese>*2 free f guile himself1 he 0 too incl9$ to judge o!rs to be ( ?is nature also4 ,b 8 common s5se & critical attitude t[>ds en?usiasm sav$ him1 no d\bt1 f _m falls into ! mire ( fantasy4 ,z ,pr9cipal ,,tullo* has po9t$ out1 :il/ ,,m is ! mo/ int]e/+ p]sonality among/ ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s1 8 works are ! lea/ int]e/+ ( ^? ( 8 s*ool4 ,!y are dull & s*ola/ic1 & ,,m',s retir$ exi/5ce prev5t$ him f grasp+ 9 _! fulness "s ( ! m acute problems ( life4 ,8 attempt to h>monise cata/rophes ) ,provid5ce1 on ! gr\nd t ! evil ( c]ta9 p>ts may be necess>y = ! good ( ! :ole1 j z d>k col\rs1 z well z bright1 are ess5tial to ! beauty ( a picture--a !ory :i* is practically ! same z t ( mod]n ,absolutism17#a7--;is a case 9 po9t4 ,no d\bt ?is h>mony may be accompli%$1 b 9 ano!r key4 7#a7 ,cf4 ,,b]n>d ,,bosanquet1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l43 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,individuality & ,value 7#aiab74 ,,ralph ,,cudwor? 0 born at ,all]1 9 ,som]set%ire1 9 #afag4 ,he ent]$ ,emmanuel ,college 9 #afcb1 ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds ga9$ 8 ,b4,a41 & became ,m4,a4 9 #afci4 ,9 ! latt] ye> he 0 elect$ a fell[ ( 8 college4 ,lat] he obta9$ ! ,b4,d4 degree4 ,9 #afde he 0 appo9t$ ,ma/] ( ,cl>e ,hall1 9 place ( ! eject$ ,dr ,,pa%e1 & 0 elect$ ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew4 ,on #ca/ ,m>* #afdg he prea*$ a s]mon ( rem>kable eloqu5ce & p[] be=e ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :i* admirably expresses ! attitude ( 8 s*ool z conc]ns ! nature ( true religion4 ,i %all ref] to x aga9 lat]4 ,9 #afej ,,cudwor? 0 pres5t$ ) ! college liv+ ( ,nor? ,cadbury1 :i* ,,:i*cote _h resign$1 & 0 made ,d4,d4 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 #afed he 0 elect$ ,ma/] ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ) an improvem5t 9 8 f9ancial position1 !re hav+ be5 "s difficulty 9 obta9+ 8 /ip5d at ,cl>e ,hall4 ,9 ?is ye> he m>ri$4 ,9 #affb ,bi%op ,,%eldon pres5t$ him ) ! rectory ( ,a%well1 9 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,he di$ 9 #afhh4 ,he 0 a pi\s man ( f9e intellect2 b 8 "* 0 m>r$ by a c]ta9 suspici\sness :i* caus$ him wrongfully to accuse ,,m1 9 #affe1 ( attempt+ to =e/all him 9 writ+ a "w on e?ics1 :i* %\ld demon/rate t ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian morality are n bas$ on any arbitr>y decrees ( ,god1 b are inh]5t 9 ! nature & reason ( ?+s4 ,,cudwor?',s great "w--or1 at lea/1 ! fir/ "p1 :i* alone 0 complet$1--,! ,intellectual ,sy/em ( ! ,_w1 appe>$ 9 #afgh4 ,9 x ,,cudwor? deals ) a!ism on ! gr\nd ( reason1 demon/rat+ its irrationality4 ,! book is rem>kable = ! fairness & fulness ) :i* ,,cudwor? /ates ! argum5ts 9 fav\r ( a!ism4 ,s mu* = ! lives & individual *>act]i/ics ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s3 :at 7 ! great pr9ciples t animat$ bo? _! lives & _! philosophy8 ,^!1 ,i ?9k1 7 two3 fir/1 ! ess5tial unity ( religion & morality2 second1 ! ess5tial unity ( revelation & reason4 ,) cle>] p]ception ( e?ical tru? ?an ei!r ,puritan or ,high ,*ur*man1 ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s saw t true ,*ri/ianity is nei!r a matt] ( m]e belief1 nor consi/s 9 ! m]e p]=mance ( good works2 b is r a matt] ( "*4 ,to !m ,*ri/ianity connot$ reg5]ation4 ,religion1 says ,,:i*cote1 is ! ,frame & ,,temp] ( our ,m9ds1 & ! ,,rule ( our ,lives2 & aga91 ,heav5 is ,,fir/ a ,temp]1 & ,,!n a ,place47#a7 ,to ! man ( heav5ly temp]1 !y taught1 ! p]=mance ( good works w\ld be no irksome matt] impos$ m]ely by a s5se ( duty1 b w\ld be done spontane\sly z a delight4 ,to drudge 9 religion may v well be necess>y z an initial /age1 b x is n its p]fection4 7#a7 ,my quotations f ,,:i*cote & ,,smi? are tak5 f ! selection ( _! disc\rses edit$ by ,e4 ,t4 ,,campagnac1 ,m4,a4 7#aija74 ,9 8 s]mon be=e ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,,cudwor? well exposes ! error ( ^? :o made ! m]e hold+ ( c]ta9 beliefs ! ess5tial elem5t 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re are _m passages ,i %\ld l to quote f ?is eloqu5t disc\rse1 b ! foll[+ mu/ suffice3 ,we mu/ n judge ( our kn[+ ( ,*ri/1 by our skill 9 ,books & ,pap]s1 b by our keep+ ( 8 ,comm&m5ts444 ,he is ! be/ ,*ri/ian1 ^: he>t beats ) ! true/ pulse t[>ds heav52 n he ^: head sp9ne? out ! f9e/ cobwebs4 ,he t endeav\rs really to mortifie 8 lu/s1 & to comply ) t tru? 9 8 life1 :i* 8 ,consci5ce is conv9c$ (2 is ne]] a ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh he nev] he>d ( ,*ri/2 !n he t believes all ! vulg> ,articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & pla9ly d5ye? ,*ri/ 9 8 life4444 ,! great ,my/]ie ( ! ,gospel1 x do? n lie only 9 ,,*ri/ ,,)\t ,,u1 7?\gh we mu/ "k also :at he ha? done = u7 b ! v ,pi? & ,k]nel ( x1 consi/s 9 99,*ri/ inw>dly =m$ 9 our he>ts4 ,no?+ is truly ,ours1 b :at lives 9 our ,spirits4 ,,salvation x self _c ,,save u1 z long z x is onely )\t u2 no m !n ,,heal? c cure u1 & make u s\nd1 :5 x is n )9 u1 b some:]e at di/ance f u2 no m ?an ,arts & ,sci5ces1 :il/ !y lie onely 9 ,books & ,pap]s )\t u2 c make u le>n$47#a7 7#a7 ,,ralph ,,cudwor?1 ,b4,d43 ,a ,s]mon ,prea*$ be=e ! ,hon\rable ,h\se ( ,commons at ,we/m9/]1 ,m>4 #ca1 #afdg 7#a/ edn471 pp4 #c1 #ad1 #db1 & #dc4 ,! ,cambridge ,platoni/s 7 n ascetics2 _! moral doctr9e 0 "o ( temp]ance4 ,_! s\nd wisdom on ?is po9t is well evid5t 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,,:i*cote3 ,:at c be all$g$ = ,intemp]ance2 s9ce ,nature is cont5t ) v few ?+s8 ,:y %\ld any "o ov]-d 9 ?is k9d8 ,a ,man is bett] 9 ,heal? & ,/r5g?1 if he be temp]ate4 ,we enjoy ourselves m 9 a sob] & temp]ate ,use ( ourselves47#b7 7#b7 ,,b5jam9 ,,:i*cote3 ,! ,v5]able ,nature & ,transc5dant ,b5efit ( ,*ri/ian ,religion4 ,op4 cit41 p4 #dj4 ,! o!r great pr9ciple animat+ _! philosophy 01 z ,i h said1 ! ess5tial unity ( reason & revelation4 ,to ^? :o argu$ t self-surr5d] impli$ a giv+ up ( reason1 !y repli$ t ,to g aga9/ ,,reason1 is to g aga9/ ,,god3 x is ! self same ?+1 to d t :i* ! ,reason ( ! ,case do? require2 & t :i* ,god ,himself do? appo9t3 ,reason is ! ,,div9e ,gov]nor ( ,man's ,life2 x is ! v ,voice ( ,god47#c7 ,reason1 ,consci5ce1 & ! ,scriptures1 ^!1 taught ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s1 te/ify ( "o ano!r & are ! true guides :i* alone a man %\ld foll[4 ,all o!r au?ority !y repudiat$4 ,b true reason is n m]ely s5su\s1 & ! only way :]eby x may be ga9$ is by ! purification ( ! self f ! desires t draw x away f ! ,s\rce ( all ,reason4 ,god1 writes ,,m1 res]ves ,8 *oice/ secrets = ! pure/ ,m9ds1 add+ 8 conviction t true ,hol9ess 7is7 ! only safe ,entrance into ,div9e ,k4 ,or z ,,smi?1 :o speaks ( a ,,good ,,life z ! ,,prolepsis & ,fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,,div9e ,,sci5ce1 puts x1 444 if444 ,,k be n att5d$ ) ,,humility & a deep s5se ( ,,self-,,p5ury & 99,self-empt9ess1 we may easily fall %ort ( t ,true ,k ( ,god :i* we seem to aspire aft]47#a;b7 ,"r ,reason1 h[ev]1 !y taught1 is ! product ( ! sight ( ! s\l1 ! true my/ic vision4 7#c7 ,,b5jam9 ,,:i*cote3 ,moral & ,religi\s ,aphorisms ,,op4 cit41 p4 #fg4 7#a;b7 ,,john ,,smi?3 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! true ,way or ,me?od ( atta9+ to ,div9e ,k4 ,op4 cit41 pp4 #hj & #if4 ,9 :at respects1 x may be ask$ 9 conclusion1 is ! philosophy ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s op5 to criticism8 ,!y lack$1 p]haps1 a suffici5tly cle> concept ( ! ,*ur* z a unity1 & al?\gh !y cle>ly realis$ t ,nature is a symbol :i* x is ! function ( reason to int]pret spiritually1 !y fail$1 ,i ?9k1 to appreciate ! value ( symbols4 ,?us !y h little to tea* ) respect to ! ,sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh1 inde$1 ! highe/ view1 p]haps1 is t :i* reg>ds e act z pot5tially a sacram5t2 &1 :il/ admir+ 8 morality1 !y criticis$ ,,boehme z an en?usia/4 ,b1 al?\gh he spoke 9 a v diff]5t language1 spiritually he _h mu* 9 common ) !m4 ,comp>$ ) :at is ( positive value 9 _! philosophy1 h[ev]1 ! defects ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s are b comp>atively slight4 ,i comm5d _! works to lov]s ( spiritual wisdom4