,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,! ,,air    ,be+ a ,/udy
 ( ! ,greek ,my?s ( ,cl\d & ,/orm       
,,by    ,,john ,,rusk91 ,,ll4,d4        
,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts          ,,preface
    ,i4  ,,a!na ,,*al9itis4             
7,a!na 9 ! ,heav5s47  ,lecture on !     
,greek my?s ( ,/orm1 giv5 7p>tly7 9     
,univ]sity  ,college1 ,london1 ,m>* #i1 
#ahfi4    ,,ii4  ,,a!na ,,k]amitis4     
7,a!na 9 ! ,e>?47  ,/udy1 supplem5t>y to
 ! prec$+ lecture1 ( ! suppos$ & actual 
relations ( ,a!na to ! vital =ce 9      
mat]ial organism4    ,,iii4  ,,a!na     
,,ergane4        7,a!na 9 ! ,he>t47     
,v>i\s notes relat+ to ! ,conception (  
,a!na z ! ,directress (  ! ,imag9ation &
 ,w4          ,,preface      ,my days & 
/r5g? h lately be5 mu* brok52 & ,i nev] 
m felt  ! insuffici5cy ( bo? ?an 9      
prep>+ = ! press ! foll[+  desultory    
memor&a on a mo/ noble subject4  ,b ,i  
leave !m n[ z  !y /&1 = no "t nor labor 
w\ld be en\gh to complete !m to my      
cont5tm5t2 & ,i believe t !y conta9     
sugge/ions :i* may be  foll[$ ) safety1 

by p]sons :o are beg9n+ to take int]e/ 9
  ! aspects ( my?ology1 :i* only rec5t  
inve/igation has remov$  f ! region (   
conjecture into t ( rational inquiry4   
,i h  "s advantage1 also1 f my field "w1
 9 ! int]pretation ( my?s  relat+ to    
natural ph5om5a2 & ,i h _h always ne>   
me1 s9ce we  7 at college toge!r1 a     
sure1 & unwe>i$ly k9d1 guide1 9 my      
fri5d ,*>les ,newton1 to :om we owe !   
f9d+ ( m treasure 9  m9es ( m>ble ?an1 7
 x rightly e/imat$1 all ,cali=nia c\ld  
buy4  ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 p]mit ! *ance ( 8
 "n be+ 9 any  wise associat$ ) my      
errors4  ,mu* ( my "w z be5 done        
ob/9ately  9 my own way2 & he is nev]   
responsible = me1 ?\gh he has (t5  kept 
me "r1 or at lea/ enabl$ me to advance 9
 a new direction4  ,absolutely "r no "o 
c be 9 su* matt]s2 nor does a day pass  
)\t conv9c+ e hone/ /ud5t ( antiquity ( 
"s p>tial  error1 & %[+ him bett] h[ to 
?9k1 & :]e to look4  ,b ,i  knew t !re 0
 no hope ( my be+ able to ent] )        
advantage on  ! fields ( hi/ory op5$ by 

! spl5did inve/igation ( rec5t          
philologi/s1 ?\gh ,i c\ld qualify       
myself1 by att5tion & sympa?y1  to      
und]/&1 "h & !re1 a v]se ( ,hom]'s or   
,hesiod's1 z !  simple p did = :om !y   
sang4    ,ev5 :ile ,i correct ^! %eets =
 press1 a lecture by ,pr(essor  ,tyndall
 has be5 put into my h&s1 :i* ,i ought  
to h he>d la/ #af?  ,janu>y1 b 0 h9d]$  
by mis*ance2 & :i*1 ,i n[ f9d1          
completes1  9 two important p>ticul>s1 !
 evid5ce ( an in/9ctive tru? 9  anci5t  
symbolism2 %[+1 fir/1 t ! ,greek        
conception ( an  !rial elem5t p]vad+    
space is ju/ifi$ by ! close/ reason+ (  
mod]n physici/s2 &1 secondly1 t ! blue (
 ! sky1 hi!rto  ?\ght to be caus$ by    
wat]y vap\r1 is1 inde$1 reflect$ f !    
divid$ air itself2 s t ! bright blue ( !
 eyes ( ,a!na1 &  ! deep blue ( h] gis1 
prove to be accurate my?ic expressions (
  natural ph5om5a :i* x is an utt]mo/   
triumph ( rec5t sci5ce to  h reveal$4   
,inde$1 x w\ld be difficult to imag9e   
triumph m complete4  ,to =m1  )9 an     

exp]im5tal tube1 a bit ( m p]fect sky   
?an ! sky  itself6 "h is magic ( ! f9e/ 
sort6 s+ul>ly rev]s$ f t  ( old "t1 :i* 
only ass]t$ its compet5cy to enclose 9  
bottles  elem5tal =ces t 7--n ( ! sky4  
,let me1 9 ?ank+ ,pr(essor ,tyndall = ! 
true wond] ( ?is piece  ( "w1 ask 8     
p>don1 & t ( all ma/]s 9 physical       
sci5ce1 =  any words ( m9e1 ei!r 9 !    
foll[+ pages or else:]e1 t may  ev] seem
 to fail 9 ! respect due to _! great    
p[]s ( ?\ght1 or  9 ! admiration due to 
! f> scope ( _! discov]y4  ,b ,i w be   
judg$ by !mselves1 if ,i h n bitt]      
reason to ask !m to tea* u  m ?an yet !y
 h taught4    ,?is fir/ day ( ,may1     
#ahfi1 ,i am writ+ :]e my "w 0 begun    
?irty-five ye>s ago1 )9 sight ( ! sn[s (
 ! high] ,alps4  ,9  t half ( ! p]mitt$ 
life ( man1 ,i h se5 /range evil br\ght 
^u e sc5e t ,i be/ lov$1 or tri$ to make
 belov$ by o!rs4  ,! light :i* once     
flu%$ ^? pale summits ) its rose at     
dawn1  & purple at sunset1 is n[ umb]$ &
 fa9t2 ! air :i* once inlaid  ! clefts (

 all _! gold5 crags ) azure is n[ defil$
 )  languid coils ( smoke1 bel*$ f worse
 ?an volcanic fires2 _!  v glaci] waves 
are ebb+1 & _! sn[s fad+1 z if hell _h  
brea!d on !m2 ! wat]s t once sank at _! 
feet into  cry/all9e re/ are n[ dimm$ & 
f\l1 f deep to deep1 & %ore to  %ore4   
,^! are no c>eless words--!y are        
accurately1 horribly1 true4  ,i "k :at !
 ,swiss lakes 72 no pool ( ,alp9e f\nta9
 at its  s\rce 0 cle>]4  ,?is morn+1 on 
! ,lake ( ,g5eva1 at half a mile  f !   
bea*1 ,i c\ld sc>cely see my o>-blade a 
fa?om deep4    ,! light1 ! air1 ! wat]s1
 all defil$6  ,h[ ( ! e>? itself8  ,take
 ?is "o fact = type ( hon\r done by !   
mod]n ,swiss to !  e>? ( 8 native l&4   
,!re us$ to be a little rock at ! end ( 
! av5ue by ! port ( ,neu*tel2 !re1 ! la/
 m>ble ( ! foot  ( ,jura1 slop+ to !    
blue wat]1 & 7at ?is "t ( ye>7 cov]$  ) 
bright p9k tufts ( ,sapon>ia4  ,i w5t1  
?ree days s9ce1 to ga!r  a blossom at ! 
place4  ,! goodly native rock & its     
fl[]s 7  cov]$ ) ! du/ & refuse ( ! t[n2

 b1 9 ! middle ( !  av5ue1 0 a          
newly-con/ruct$ artificial rock]y1 ) a  
f\nta9  twi/$ ?r\gh a sp9n+ sp\t1 & an  
inscription on "o ( its  loose-tumbl$   
/ones1--          ,aux ,botani/es1      
,le club ,jurassique1    ,ah1 ma/]s (   
mod]n sci5ce1 give me back my ,a!na out 
( y\r vials1  & seal1 if x may be1 once 
m1 ,asmodeus !re94  ,y h divid$  !      
elem5ts1 & unit$ !m2 enslav$ !m ^u !    
e>?1 &  disc]n$ !m 9 ! />s4  ,tea* u n[1
 b ?is ( !m1 :i* is  all t man ne$      
"k1--t ! ,air is giv5 to him = 8 life2 &
  ! ,ra9 to 8 ?ir/1 & = 8 baptism2 & !  
,fire = w>m?2 &  ! ,sun = sight2 & !    
,e>? = 8 ,meat--& 8 ,re/4    ,,vevay1   
,may #a1 #ahfi4          ,,! ,,que5 ,,( 
,,! ,,air4        ,i4    ,,a!na         
,,*al9itis499  7,a!na 9 ! ,heav5s47     
99 ,a!na ! ,re/ra9]4  ,! "n is giv5 to  
h] z hav+ help$  ,bell]ophon to bridle  
,pegasus1 ! fly+ cl\d4      ,,lecture   
,,on ,,! ,,greek ,,my?s ,,( ,,/orm1     
,,giv5 7,,p>tly7 ,,9 ,,univ]sity        
,,college1 ,,london1 ,,m>* #i1 #ahfi4   

#a4 ,i w n ask y\r p>don = endeavor+ to 
int]e/ y 9 !  subject ( ,greek          
,my?ology2 b ,i mu/ ask y\r p]mission to
 approa*  x 9 a temp] diff]+ f t 9 :i* x
 is frequ5tly treat$4  ,we _c ju/ly     
int]pret ! religion ( any p1 unless we  
are  prep>$ to admit t we ourselves1 z  
well z !y1 are liable to  error 9 matt]s
 ( fai?2 & t ! convictions ( o!rs1 h[ev]
  s+ul>1 may 9 "s po9ts h be5 well      
f\nd$1 :ile our own1  h[ev] reasonable1 
may be 9 "s p>ticul>s mi/ak54  ,y mu/   
=give me1 !re=e1 = n always di/9ctively 
call+ ! cre$s  ( ! pa/ sup]/ition1 & !  
cre$s ( ! pres5t day religion2  z well z
 = assum+ t a fai? n[ confess$ may      
sometimes be  sup]ficial1 & t a fai?    
long =gott5 may once h be5 s9c]e4  ,x is
 ! task ( ! ,div9e to condemn ! errors (
 antiquity1 & (  ! philologi/s to acc\nt
 = !m2 ,i w only pray y to read1 )      
pati5ce1 & human sympa?y1 ! ?\ghts ( m5 
:o liv$ )\t blame  9 a d>kness !y c\ld n
 dispel2 & to rememb] t1 :atev]  *>ge ( 
folly may ju/ly atta* to ! say+1 ,!re is

 no ,god1 !  folly is pr\d]1 deep]1 &   
less p>donable1 9 say+1 ,!re is no  ,god
 b = me4    #b4 ,a my?1 9 its simple/   
def9ition1 is a /ory ) a mean+ atta*$   
to x o!r ?an x seems to h at fir/2 & !  
fact t x has su*  a mean+ is g5]ally    
m>k$ by "s ( its circum/ances be+       
extraord9>y1 or1 9 ! common use ( ! ^w1 
unnatural4  ,?us if ,i  tell y t        
,h]cules kill$ a wat]-s]p5t 9 ! lake (  
,l]na1 &  if ,i mean1 & y und]/&1 no?+ m
 ?an t fact1 ! /ory1  :e!r true or      
false1 is n a my?4  ,b if by tell+ y    
?is1 ,i mean  t ,h]cules purifi$ !      
/agnation ( _m /reams f deadly          
miasmata1 my /ory1 h[ev] simple1 is a   
true my?2 only1 z1 if ,i leftit  9 t    
simplicity1 y w\ld probably look = no?+ 
beyond1 x w  be wise 9 me to surprise   
y\r att5tion by add+ "s s+ul>           
circum/ance2 = in/ance1 t ! wat]-snake  
_h sev]al heads1 :i*  reviv$ z fa/ z !y 
7 kill$1 & :i* poison$ ev5 ! foot  t    
trod ^u !m z !y slept4  ,& 9 proportion 
to ! fulness (  int5d$ mean+ ,i %all    

probably multiply & ref9e ^u ^!         
improbabilities2 z1 suppose1 if1 in/ead 
( desir+ only to tell y  t ,h]cules     
purifi$ a m>%1 ,i wi%$ y to und]/& t he 
cont5d$ ) ! v5om & vapor ( envy & evil  
ambition1 :e!r 9  o!r m5's s\ls or 9 8  
own1 & *ok$ t mal>ia only by supreme    
toil1--,i might tell y t ?is s]p5t 0 =m$
 by ! goddess ^:  pride 0 9 ! trial (   
,h]cules2 & t its place ( abode z by a  
palm-tree2 & t = e head ( x t 0 cut (f1 
two rose up  ) r5ew$ life2 & t ! h]o    
f\nd at la/ t he c\ld n kill  ! creature
 at all by cutt+ its heads (f or cru%+  
!m1 b only  by burn+ !m d[n2 & t !      
midmo/ ( !m c\ld n be kill$  ev5 t way1 
b _h to be buri$ alive4  ,only 9        
proportion z ,i mean  m1  ,i %all       
c]ta9ly appe> m absurd 9 my /atem5t2 &  
at la/  :5 ,i get un5durably            
significant1 all practical p]sons w     
agree t  ,i 0 talk+ m]e nons5se f !     
beg9n+1 & nev] meant any?+  at all4     
#c4  ,x is j possible1 h[ev]1 also1 t ! 
/ory-tell] may all  along h meant no?+ b

 :at he said2 & t1 incr$ible z !  ev5ts 
may appe>1 he himself lit]ally          
believ$--& expect$ y also  to           
believe--all ?is ab\t ,h]cules1 )\t any 
lat5t moral or hi/ory  :atev]4  ,& x is 
v necess>y1 9 read+ traditions ( ?is    
k9d1  to det]m9e1 fir/ ( all1 :e!r y are
 li/5+ to a simple p]son1  :o is relat+ 
:at1 at all ev5ts1 he believes to be    
true1 7& may1  !re=e1 possibly h be5 s  
to "s ext5t71 or to a res]v$            
philosoph]1 :o is veil+ a !ory ( !      
univ]se "u ! grotesque  ( a fairy tale4 
,x is1 9 g5]al1 m likely t ! fir/       
supposition %\ld be ! "r "o3 simple &   
cr$ul\s p]sons are1  p]haps =tunately1 m
 common ?an philosoph]s2 & x is ( !     
highe/ importance t y %\ld take _!      
innoc5t te/imony z x  0 meant1 & n      
efface1 "u ! graceful explanation :i*   
y\r  cultivat$ +5uity may sugge/1 ei!r !
 evid5ce _! /ory may  conta9 7su* z x is
 wor?7 ( an extraord9>y ev5t hav+ really
  tak5 place1 or ! unque/ionable light  
:i* x w ca/ ^u !  "* ( ! p]son by :om x 

0 frankly believ$4  ,& to deal  ) ,greek
 religion hone/ly1 y mu/ at once und]/& 
t ?is  lit]al belief 01 9 ! m9d ( !     
g5]al p1 z deeply root$  z ours 9 !     
leg5ds ( our own sacr$ book2 & t a basis
 (  unmiracul\s ev5t 0 z little         
suspect$1 & an explanatory symbolism  z 
r>ely trac$1 by !m1 z by u4    ,y mu/1  
!re=e1 obs]ve t ,i deeply degrade !     
position :i*  su* a my? z t j ref]r$ to 
occupi$ 9 ! ,greek m9d1 by  comp>+ x 7= 
fe> ( (f5d+ y7 to our /ory ( ,/4 ,george
 &  ! ,dragon4  ,/ill1 ! analogy is     
p]fect 9 m9or respects2 & ?\gh  x fails 
to give y any notion ( ! ,greek fai?1 x 
w exactly  illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* fai? 
laid hold ( its objects4    #d4  ,?is   
/ory ( ,h]cules & ! ,hydra1 !n1 0 to !  
g5]al ,greek  m9d1 9 its be/ days1 a    
tale ab\t a real h]o & a real mon/]4  ,n
  "o 9 a ?\s& knew any?+ ( ! way 9 :i* !
 /ory _h aris51  any m ?an ! ,engli%    
peasant g5]ally is aw>e ( ! plebeian    
orig9al ( ,/4 ,george2 or supposes t !re
 7 once alive 9 !  _w1 ) %>p tee? &     

claws1 real1 & v ugly1 fly+ dragons4    
,on ! o!r h&1 few p]sons trac$ any moral
 or symbolical mean+ 9  ! /ory1 & !     
av]age ,greek 0 z f> f imag9+ any       
int]pretation l t ,i h j giv5 y1 z an   
av]age ,engli%man  is f see+ is ,/4     
,george ! ,r$ ,cross ,knight ( ,sp5s]1  
or 9 !  ,dragon ! ,_s ( ,infidelity4    
,b1 = all t1 !re 0 a c]ta9  und]curr5t (
 consci\sness 9 all m9ds t ! figures    
meant m  ?an !y at fir/ %[$2 &1 accord+ 
to ea* man's own faculties (  s5tim5t1  
he judg$ & read !m2 j z a ,knight ( !   
,g>t] reads  m 9 ! jewel on 8 coll> ?an 
! ,george & ,dragon ( a  public-h\se    
expresses to ! ho/ or to 8 cu/om]s4     
,?us1 to !  mean p]son ! my? always     
meant little2 to ! noble p]son1 mu*2 &  
! great] _! famili>ity ) x1 ! m         
contemptible x became to  "o1 & ! m     
sacr$ to ! o!r2 until vulg> comm5tators 
expla9$ x entirely away1 :ile ,virgil   
made ! cr[n+ glory ( 8  *oral hymn to   
,h]cules4          ,ar\nd !e1 p[]less to
 infect ?y s\l1        ,rose1 9 8 cre/$ 

cr[d1 ! ,l]na worm4                     
,non te rationis eg5tem        ,l]nu    
turb capitum circum/etit anguis4    ,&  
al?\gh1 9 any special toil ( ! h]o's    
life1 ! moral  int]pretation 0 r>ely )  
def9it5ess atta*$ to ! ev5t1 yet  9 !   
:ole c\rse ( ! life1 n only = a         
symbolical mean+1 b  ! w>rant = !       
exi/5ce ( a real spiritual p[]1 0       
appreh5d$  ( all m54  ,h]cules 0 no dead
 h]o1 to be rememb]$ only z a victor    
ov] mon/]s ( ! pa/--h>mless n[ z sla94  
,he 0 ! p]petual  type & mirror (       
h]oism1 & its pres5t & liv+ aid aga9/ e 
rav5\s =m ( human trial & pa94    #e4   
,b1 if we seek to "k m ?an ?is & to     
asc]ta9 ! mann] 9  :i* ! /ory fir/      
cry/alliz$ into its %ape1 we %all f9d   
ourselves l$ back g5]ally to "o or o!r (
 two s\rces--ei!r to  actual hi/orical  
ev5ts1 repres5t$ by ! fancy "u figures  
p]sonify+ !m2 or else to natural ph5om5a
 simil>ly end[$ )  life by ! imag9ative 
p[] usually m or less "u ! influ5ce (   
t]ror4  ,! hi/orical my?s we mu/ leave !

 ma/]s ( hi/ory to  foll[2 !y1 & ! ev5ts
 !y record1 be+ yet involv$ 9 great1    
?\gh attractive & p5etrable1 my/]y4  ,b 
! />s1 & hills1 &  /orms are ) u n[1 z  
!y 7 ) o!rs ( old2 & x only  ne$s t we  
look at !m ) ! e>ne/ness ( ^? *ildi%    
eyes to  und]/& ! fir/ words spok5 ( !m 
by ! *ildr5 ( m51 &  !n1 9 all ! mo/    
beautiful & endur+ my?s1 we %all f9d1 n 
only a lit]al /ory ( a real p]son1 n    
only a p>allel imag]y (  moral pr9ciple1
 b an und]ly+ wor%ip ( natural ph5om5a1 
out (  :i* bo? h sprung1 & 9 :i* bo?    
=ev] rema9 root$4  ,?us1  f ! real sun1 
ris+ & sett+1--f ! real atmosph]e1 calm 
9  its dom9ion ( unfad+ blue1 & fi]ce 9 
its desc5t ( tempe/1--!  ,greek =ms fir/
 ! idea ( two entirely p]sonal &        
corporal gods1  ^: limbs are clo!s 9    
div9e fle%1 & ^: br[s are cr[n$ )  div9e
 beauty2 yet s real t ! quiv] rattles at
 _! %\ld]1 &  ! *>iot b5ds b5ea? _!     
weight4  ,&1 on ! o!r h&1  collat]ally )
 ^! corporeal images1 & nev] = "o in/ant
  sep>at$ f !m1 he conceives also two   

omnipres5t spiritual  influ5ces1 z !    
sun1 ) a con/ant fire1 :atev] 9 humanity
 is  skilful & wise2 & ! o!r1 l ! liv+  
air1 brea!s ! calm  ( heav5ly =titude1 &
 /r5g? ( righte\s ang]1 into e human    
brea/ t is pure & brave4    #f4  ,n[1   
!re=e1 9 ne>ly e my? ( importance1 &    
c]ta9ly 9  e "o ( ^? :i* ,i %all speak  
to-night1 y h to disc]n  ^! ?ree        
/ructural p>ts1--! root & ! two bran*es3
 ! root1  9 physical exi/5ce1 sun1 or   
sky1 or cl\d1 or sea2 !n ! p]sonal      
inc>nation ( t1 becom+ a tru/$ &        
companionable deity1 )  :om y may walk  
h& 9 h&1 z a *ild ) its bro!r or its    
si/]2 &1 la/ly1 ! moral significance ( !
 image1 :i* is 9 all  ! great my?s      
et]nally & b5efic5tly true4    #g4  ,!  
great my?s2 t is to say1 my?s made by   
great p4  ,= !  fir/ pla9 fact ab\t     
my?-mak+ is "o :i* has be5 mo/ /rangely 
lo/ sight (1--t y _c make a my? unless y
 h some?+ to  make x (4  ,y _c tell a   
secret :i* y don't "k4  ,if ! my?  is   
ab\t ! sky1 x mu/ h be5 made by somebody

 :o has look$ at  ! sky4  ,if ! my? is  
ab\t ju/ice & =titude1 x mu/ h be5  made
 by someone :o knew :at x 0 to be j or  
pati5t4  ,accord+ to  ! quantity (      
und]/&+ 9 ! p]son w be ! quantity (     
significance 9 8 fable2 & ! my? ( a     
simple & ignorant race  mu/ necess>ily  
mean little1 because a simple & ignorant
 race h  little to mean4  ,s ! great "q 
9 read+ a /ory is always1 n  :at wild   
hunt] dream$1 or :at *ildi% race fir/   
dread$ x2 b  :at wise man fir/ p]fectly 
told1 & :at /rong p fir/  p]fectly liv$ 
by x4  ,& ! real mean+ ( any my? is t   
:i* x  has at ! noble/ age ( ! nation   
among :om x is curr5t4  ,!  f>!r back y 
pi]ce1 ! less significance y w f9d1     
until y  come to ! fir/ n>r[ ?\ght1 :i*1
 inde$1 conta9s ! g]m ( !  accompli%$   
tradition2 b only z ! se$ conta9s !     
fl[]4  ,z !  intellig5ce & passion ( !  
race develop1 !y cl+ to & n\ri%  _!     
belov$ & sacr$ leg5d2 leaf by leaf x    
exp&s "u ! t\*  ( m pure affections1 & m
 delicate imag9ation1 until at la/ !    

p]fect fable burgeons out into symmetry 
( milky /em & honi$ bell4    #h4  ,b    
?r\gh :atev] *anges x may pass1 rememb] 
t our "r  read+ ( x is :olly dep5d5t on 
! mat]ials we h 9 our own  m9ds = an    
intellig5t answ]+ sympa?y4  ,if x fir/  
arose among a  p :o dwelt "u /a9less    
skies1 & measures _! j\rneys by  asc5d+ 
& decl9+ />s1 we c]ta9ly _c read _!     
/ory1 if  we h nev] se5 any?+ above u 9 
! day b smoke1 nor any?+  ar\nd u 9 !   
night b c&les4  ,if ! tale goes on to   
*ange cl\ds  or planets into liv+       
creatures1--to inve/ !m ) fair =ms &    
inflame !m ) mighty passions1--we c only
 und]/& ! /ory (  ! human-he>t$ ?+s1 9 s
 f> z we ourselves take pleasure 9 !    
p]fectness ( visible =m1 or c sympa?ize1
 by an ef=t (  imag9ation1 ) ! /range p 
:o _h o!r loves ?an ^? (  weal?1 & o!r  
int]e/s ?an ^? ( comm]ce4  ,&1 la/ly1 if
 !  my? complete itself to ! fulfill$   
?\ghts ( ! nation1 by  attribut+ to !   
gods1 :om !y h c>v$ out ( _! fantasy1   
cont9ual pres5ce ) _! own s\ls2 & _! e  

ef=t = good  is f9ally guid$ by ! s5se (
 ! companion%ip1 ! praise1 & !  pure w (
 immortals1 we %all be able to foll[ !m 
into ?is la/  circle ( _! fai? only 9 ! 
degree 9 :i* ! bett] p>ts ( our  own    
be+s h be5 also /irr$ by ! aspects (    
nature1 or  /r5g!n$ by h] laws4  ,x may 
be easy to prove t ! asc5t (  ,apollo 9 
8 *>iot signifies no?+ b ! ris+ ( ! sun4
  ,b  :at does ! sunrise itself signify 
to u8  ,if only languid return to       
frivol\s amusem5t1 or fruitless labor1 x
 w1 inde$1 n be easy =  u to conceive ! 
p[]1 ov] a ,greek1 ( ! "n ( ,apollo4  ,b
 if1  fir u also1 z = ! ,greek1 !       
sunrise means daily re/oration to !     
s5se ( passionate gladness & ( p]fect   
life--if x means !  ?rill+ ( new /r5g?  
?r\gh e n]ve1--! %$d+ ov] u ( a  bett]  
peace ?an ! peace ( night1 9 ! p[] ( !  
dawn1--& !  purg+ ( evil vision & fe> by
 ! baptism ( its dew2--if ! sun  itself 
is an influ5ce1 to u also1 ( spiritual  
good--& becomes ?us  9 reality1 n 9     
imag9ation1 to u also1 a spiritual      

p[]1--we may  !n soon ov]-pass ! n>r[   
limit ( conception :i* kept t p[]       
imp]sonal1 & rise ) ! ,greek to ! ?\ght 
( an angel :o  rejoic$ z a /rong man to 
run 8 c\rse1 ^: voice call+ to life  &  
to labor rang r\nd ! e>?1 & ^: go+ =? 0 
to ! ends  ( heav54    #i4  ,! "t1 !n1  
at :i* ,i %all take up = y1 z well z ,i 
c  deciph] x1 ! traditions ( ! gods (   
,greece1 %all be ne> !  beg9n+ ( its    
c5tral & =m$ fai?1--ab\t #ejj ,b4,c41--a
 fai? (  :i* ! "* is p]fectly repres5t$ 
by ,p9d> & s*ylus1 :o  are bo? ( !m     
outspok5ly religi\s1 & entirely s9c]e   
m52 :ile  we may always look back to f9d
 ! less develop$ ?\ght ( !  prec$+ epo* 
giv5 by ,hom]1 9 a m occult1 subtle1    
half-in/9ctive1 & involunt>y way4       
#aj4  ,n[1 at t culm9at+ p]iod ( !      
,greek religion1 we f9d1  "u "o gov]n+  
,"l ( all ?+s1 f\r subord9ate elem5tal  
=ces1 & f\r spiritual p[]s liv+ 9 !m &  
comm&+ !m4  ,! elem5ts are ( c\rse !    
well-kn[n f\r ( ! anci5t _w1--  ! e>?1 !
 wat]s1 ! fire1 & ! air2 & ! liv+ p[]s (

  !m are ,demet]1 ! ,lat9 ,c]es2        
,poseidon1 ! ,lat9 ,neptune2 ,apollo1   
:o has reta9$ always 8 ,greek "n2 &     
,a!na1 ! ,lat9 ,m9]va4  ,ea* ( ^! are   
desc5d$ f1 or *ang$ f1 m anci5t1 &      
!re=e m my/ic1 deities ( ! e>? & heav51 
& ( a f9]  elem5t ( !r suppos$ to be    
beyond ! heav5s299 b at ?is "t  we f9d !
 f\r q def9ite1 bo? 9 _! k+doms & 9 _!  
p]sonalities4  ,!y are ! rul]s ( ! e>? t
 we tread ^u1 &  ! air t we brea!2 & are
 ) u closely1 9 _! vivid  humanity1 z ! 
du/ t !y animate1 & ! w9ds t !y bridle4 
,i %all briefly def9e = y ! range ( _!  
sep>ate dom9ions1 &  !n foll[1 z f> z we
 h "t1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! leg5ds  :i*    
relate to ! que5 ( ! air4      99 ,& by 
mod]n sci5ce n[ also ass]t$1 & )        
probability argu$1  to exi/4      #aa4  
,! rule ( ! fir/ _s1 ,demet]1 ! e>? "m1 
is ov] !  e>?1 fir/1 z ! orig9 ( all    
life1--! du/ f :5ce we 7  tak52         
secondly1 z ! receiv] ( all ?+s back at 
la/ into sil5ce  --,du/ ?\ art1 & unto  
du/ %alt ?\ return4  ,&1 !re=e1 z  ! mo/

 t5d] image ( ?is appe>+ & fad+ life1 9 
! bir? &  fall ( fl[]s1 h] daught]      
,pros]p9e plays 9 ! fields ( ,sicily1  &
 !nce is torn away into d>kness1 &      
becomes ! ,que5 ( ,fate--n  m]ely (     
dea?1 b ( ! gloom :i* closes ov] & ends1
 n beauty  only1 b s91 & *iefly ( s9s ! 
s9 aga9/ ! life %e gave2 s  t %e is1 9  
h] highe/ p[]1 ,p]sephone1 ! av5g] &    
purifi]  ( blood--,! voice ( ?y bro!r's 
blood cries to me out ( !  gr\nd4  ,!n1 
side by side ) ?is que5 ( ! e>?1 we f9d 
a  demigod ( agriculture by ! pl\gh--!  
"l ( gra91 or ( ! ?+  gr\nd by ! mill4  
,& x is a s+ul> pro( ( ! simplicity (   
,greek "* at ?is noble "t1 t ( all      
repres5tations left to  u ( _! deities  
by _! art1 few are s frequ5t1 & none    
p]haps  s beautiful1 z ! symbol ( ?is _s
 ( agriculture4    #ab4  ,!n ! dom9ant  
_s ( ! elem5t wat] is ,neptune1 b       
subord9ate to him are myriads ( o!r wat]
 spirits1 ( :om ,n]eus is  ! *ief1 )    
,palmon1 & ,leuco!a1 ! :ite lady ( !    
sea2 &  ,!tis1 & nymphs innum]able :o1 l

 h]1 c\ld suff] a sea  *ange1 :ile !    
riv] deities _h ea* indep5d5t p[]1      
accord+  to ! preci\sness ( _! /reams to
 ! cities f$ by !m1--!  f\nta9 ,are?use1
 & ?\1 hon\r$ flood1 smoo? slid+        
,m9cius1  cr[n$ ) vocal re$s4  ,&1      
spiritually1 ?is k+ ( ! wat]s is  "l ( !
 /r5g? & daily fl[ ( human life--he     
gives x mat]ial  =ce & victory2 :i* z ! 
mean+ ( ! d$ication ( ! hair1 z  ! sign 
( ! /r5g? ( life1 to ! riv] or ! native 
l&4    #ac4  ,demet]1 !n1 ov] ! e>?1 &  
its giv+ & receiv+ ( life4  ,neptune ov]
 ! wat]s1 & ! fl[ & =ce ( life1--always 
among  ! ,greeks typifi$ by ! horse1 :i*
 0 to !m z a cre/$  sea-wave1 animat$ & 
bridl$4  ,!n ! ?ird elem5t1 fire1 has   
set  ov] x two p[]s3 ov] e>?ly fire1 !  
assi/ant ( human labor1 is  set         
,heph/us1 "l ( all labor 9 :i* is ! flu%
 & ! sweat (  ! br[2 & ov] heav5ly fire1
 ! s\rce ( day1 is set ,apollo1 !  _s ( 
all k9dl+1 purify+1 & illum9at+         
intellectual wisdom1  ea* ( ^! gods hav+
 also _! subord9ate or associat$ p[]s1--

  s]vant1 or si/]1 or companion muse4   
#ad4  ,!n1 la/ly1 we come to ! my? :i*  
is to be our subject (  clos]           
inquiry1--! /ory ( ,a!na & ( ! deities  
subord9ate to  h]4  ,?is great goddess1 
! ,nei? ( ! ,egyptians1 ! ,a!na or      
,a!naia ( ! ,greeks1 &1 ) brok5 p[]1    
half usurp$ by ,m>s1  ! ,m9]va ( !      
,lat9s1 is1 physically1 ! que5 ( ! air2 
hav+  supreme p[] bo? ov] its bless+ (  
calm1 & wra? ( /orm2 &1  spiritually1 %e
 is ! que5 ( ! brea? ( man1 fir/ ( !    
bodily  brea?+ :i* is life to 8 blood1 &
 /r5g? to 8 arm 9 battle2  & !n ( !     
m5tal brea?+1 or inspiration1 :i* is 8  
moral  heal? & habitual wisdom2 wisdom (
 conduct & ( ! he>t1 z  oppos$ to !     
wisdom ( imag9ation & ! bra92 moral1 z  
di/9ct  f intellectual2 inspir$1 z      
di/9ct f illum9at$4    #ae4  ,by a s+ul>
 & =tunate1 ?\gh ,i believe :olly       
accid5tal1  co9cid5ce1 ! he>t-virtue1 ( 
:i* %e is ! _s1 0 sep>at$  by ! anci5ts 
into f\r divisions1 :i* h s9ce obta9$   
acceptance  f all m5 z rightly disc]n$1 

& h receiv$1 z if f !  qu>t]s ( ! f\r   
w9ds ( :i* ,a!na is ! natural que51 ! "n
  ( ,c>d9al virtues3 namely1 ,prud5ce 7!
 "r see+1 &  =esee+1 ( ev5ts ?r\gh      
d>kness72 ,ju/ice 7! righte\s be/[al  ( 
favor & ( indignation72 ,=titude        
7pati5ce "u trial by pa972  & ,temp]ance
 7pati5ce "u trial by pleasure74  ,)    
respect to ^!  f\r virtues1 ! attributes
 ( ,a!na are all di/9ct4  ,9 h]         
prud5ce1 or sight 9 d>kness1 %e is      
,glaukopis1 owl-ey$499  ,9 h]  ju/ice1  
:i* is ! dom9ant virtue1 %e we>s two    
robes1 "o ( light1  & "o ( d>kness2 !   
robe ( light1 saffron color1 or ! color 
(  ! daybreak1 falls to h] feet1 cov]+  
h] :olly ) favor &  love1--! calm ( !   
sky 9 bless+2 x is embroid]$ along its  
edge  ) h] victory ov] ! giants 7!      
tr\bl\s p[]s ( ! e>?71 &  ! lik5ess ( x 
0 wov5 ye>ly by ! ,a!nian maid5s & c>ri$
  to ! temple ( _! own ,a!na1 n to !    
,p>!non1 t 0 !  temple ( all ! _w's     
,a!na1--b ?is !y c>ri$ to ! temple (  _!
 own only "o :o lov$ !m1 & /ay$ ) !m    

always4  ,!n h]  robe ( indignation is  
worn on h] brea/ & left arm only1 fr+$ )
  fatal s]p5ts1 & fa/5$ ) ,gorgonian    
cold1 turn+ m5 to /one2  physically1 !  
lightn+ & hail ( *a/isem5t by /orm4  ,!n
 9 h]  =titude %e we>s ! cre/$ & un/oop+
 hemlet29999 & la/ly1 9  h] temp]ance1  
%e is ! que5 ( maid5hood--/a9less z !   
air (  heav54      99 ,!re are _m o!r   
mean+s 9 ! epi!t2 see f>!r on1 #ia1 pp4 
#acc1 #acd4  9999 ,i am compell$1 =     
cle>ness' sake1 to m>k only "o mean+ at 
a  "t4  ,a!na's helmet is sometimes a   
mask1 sometimes a sign ( ang]1          
sometimes ( ! highe/ light ( !r2 b ,i _c
 speak ( all ?is  at once4      #af4  ,b
 all ^! virtues mass !mselves 9 ! ,greek
 m9d into ! two  ma9 ones1--( ,ju/ice1  
or noble passion1 & ,=titude1 or noble  
pati5ce2 & ( ^!1 ! *ief p[]s ( ,a!na1 ! 
,greeks h  div9ely writt5 = !m1 & = all 
m5 aft] !m1 two mighty songs1  --"o1 ( !
 ,m5is199 ,m5s1 passion1 or zeal1 (     
,a!na1 brea!d into a  mortal ^: "n is   
,a*e ( he>t1 & ^: %ort life is only !   

inc>nate brood+ & bur/ ( /orm2 & ! o!r  
is ( ! =esight  & =titude ( ,a!na1      
ma9ta9$ by h] 9 ! he>t ( a mortal ^:  "n
 is giv5 to him f a long] grief1        
,odysseus1 ! full ( sorr[1  ! mu*       
endur+1 & ! long-suff]+4      99 ,?is   
fir/ ^w ( ! ,iliad1 ,m5is1 aft]w>ds     
passes into ! ,lat9  ,m5s2 is ! root ( !
 ,lat9 "n = ,a!na1 ,m9]va1 & s !  root (
 ! ,engli% m9d4      #ag4  ,! m9or      
expressions by ! ,greeks 9 ^w1 9 symbol1
 & 9  religi\s s]vice1 ( ?is fai?1 are s
 _m & s beautiful1 t ,i  hope "s day to 
ga!r at lea/ a few ( !m into a sep>ate  
body (  evid5ce respect+ ! p[] ( ,a!na1 
& ( its relations to !  e?ical          
conception ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 or1 r1 to 
_! e?ical  nature2 = !y are n conceiv$  
didactically1 b are didactic 9  _!      
ess5ce1 z all good art is4  ,!re is an  
increas+ ins5sibility  to ?is "*1 & ev5 
an op5 d5ial ( x1 among u n[ :i* is  "o 
( ! mo/ curi\s errors ( mod]nism1--!    
peculi> & judicial  bl9dness ( an age   
:i*1 hav+ long practis$ art & poetry = !

  sake ( pleasure only1 has become      
incapable ( read+ _! language  :5 !y 7  
bo? didactic2 & also1 hav+ be5 itself   
accu/om$ to  a pr(ess$ly didactic tea*+1
 :i* yet1 = private int]e/s1  /udi\sly  
avoids collision ) e preval5t vice ( its
 day 7&  especially ) av>ice71 has      
become equally dead to ! int5sely       
e?ical conceptions ( a race :i*         
habitually divid$ all m5 into two  broad
 classes ( wor?y or wor?less1--good1 &  
good = no?+4  ,&  ev5 ! celebrat$       
passage ( ,horace ab\t ! ,iliad is n[   
misread or  disbeliev$1 z if x 7        
impossible t ! ,iliad c\ld be in/ructive
  because x is n l a s]mon4  ,horce does
 n say t x is l a  s]mon1 & w\ld h be5  
/ill less likely to say s if he ev] _h  
_h ! advantage ( he>+ a s]mon4  ,i h be5
 read+ t /ory  ( ,troy aga9 7?us he     
writes to a noble y\? ( ,rome :om he c>$
  =71 quietly at ,prne/e1 :ile y h be5  
busy at ,rome2 & truly  ,i ?9k t :at is 
base & :at is noble1 & :at useful &     
useless1  may be bett] le>n$ f t1 ?an f 

all ,*rysippus' & ,crantor's  talk put  
toge!r499  ,:i* is pr(\ndly true1 n ( ! 
,iliad only1  b ( all o!r great art     
:atsoev]2 = all pieces ( su* art are    
didactic 9 ! pure/ way1 indirectly &    
occultly1 s t1 fir/1 y  %all only be    
bett]$ by !m if y are already h>d at "w 
9  bett]+ y\rself2 & :5 y are bett]$ by 
!m1 x %all be p>tly  ) a g5]al          
acceptance ( _! influ5ce1 s con/ant &   
subtile  t y %all be no m consci\s ( x  
?an ( ! heal?y dige/ion  ( food2 & p>tly
 by a gift ( unexpect$ tru?1 :i* y %all 
only  f9d by sl[ m9+ = x1--:i* is )held 
on purpose1 &  close-lock$1 t y may n   
get x till y h =g$ ! key ( x  9 a       
furnace ( y\r own heat+4  ,& ?is )hold+ 
( _! mean+  is cont9ual1 & confess$1 9 !
 great poets4  ,?us ,p9d> says (        
himself3 ,!re is _m an arr[ 9 my quiv]1 
full ( spee* to !  wise1 b1 = ! _m1 !y  
ne$ int]pret]s4  ,& nei!r ,p9d>1  nor   
s*ylus1 nor ,hesiod1 nor ,hom]1 nor any 
( ! great] poets or  tea*]s ( any nation
 or "t1 ev] spoke b ) int5tional        

res]vation2 nay1 beyond ?is1 !re is (t5 
a mean+ :i* !y  !mselves _c int]p]t     
sic1--:i* x may be = ages long aft]  !m 
to intrep]t sic1--9 :at !y said1 s f> z 
x record$ true  imag9ative vision4  ,=  
all ! greate/ my?s h be5 se5 by ! m5  :o
 tell !m1 involunt>ily & passively1--se5
 by !m ) z great  di/9ctness 7& 9 "s    
respects1 ?\gh n 9 all1 "u conditions  z
 f> beyond ! control ( _! w7 z a dream  
s5t to any ( u by  night :5 we dream    
cle>e/2 & x is ?is v]acity ( vision t   
c\ld n be refus$1 & ( moral t c\ld n be 
=ese51 :i* 9  mod]n hi/orical inquiry   
has be5 left :olly out ( acc\nt2 be+    
inde$ ! ?+ :i* no m]ely hi/orical       
inve/igator c und]/&1  or ev5 believe2 =
 x belongs exclusively to ! creative or 
arti/ic  gr\p ( m51 & c only be         
int]pret$ by ^? ( _! race1 :o  !mselves 
9 "s measure also see visions & dream   
dreams4      99 ,note1 once = all1 t    
unless :5 !re is "q ab\t "s  p>ticul>   
expression1 ,i nev] translate lit]ally1 
b give ! real  =ce ( :at is said1 z ,i  

be/ c1 freely4      ,s t y may obta9 a m
 tru?ful idea ( ! nature ( ,greek       
religion & leg5d f ! poems ( ,keats1 & !
 ne>ly z beautiful1  &1 9 g5]al grasp ( 
subject1 f> m p[]ful1 rec5t "w (        
,morris1 ?an f frigid s*ol>%ip1 h[ev]   
ext5sive4  ,n t !  poet's impressions or
 r5d]+s ( ?+s are :olly true1 b _!  tru?
 is vital1 n =mal4  ,!y are l sket*es f 
! life by  ,reynolds or ,ga9sbor\gh1 :i*
 may be demon/rably inaccurate or       
imag9>y 9 _m traits1 & indi/9ct 9 o!rs1 
yet w be 9 !  deepe/ s5se l1 & true2    
:ile ! "w ( hi/orical analysis is  too  
(t5 weak ) loss1 ?r\gh ! v labor ( its  
m9iature  t\*es1 or useless 9 clumsy &  
vapid v]acity ( ext]nals1 &  complac5t  
security ( hav+ done all t is requir$ = 
! portrait1  :5 x has measur$ ! bread? (
 ! =ehead & ! l5g? ( !  nose4    #ah4   
,! fir/ ( requirem5ts1 !n1 = ! "r read+ 
( my?s1 is  ! und]/&+ ( ! nature ( all  
true vision by noble p]sons2  namely1 t 
x is f\nd$ on con/ant laws common to all
 human nature2  t x p]ceives1 h[ev]     

d>kly1 ?+s :i* are = all ages true2  t  
we c only und]/& x s f> z we h "s       
p]ception ( !  same tru?2 & t its       
fulness is develop$ & manife/$ m &  m by
 ! rev]b]ation ( x f m9ds ( ! same      
mirror-temp]1 9  succe$+ ages4  ,y w    
und]/& ,hom] bett] by see+ 8  reflection
 9 ,dante1 z y may trace new =ms & s(t] 
colors 9 a  hillside1 r$\bl$ by a lake4 
,i %all be able p>tly to %[ y1 ev5      
to-night1 h[ mu*1 9 !  ,hom]ic vision ( 
,a!na1 has be5 made cle>] by ! advance (
 "t1  be+ ?us ess5tially & et]nally     
true2 b ,i mu/ 9 ! outset  indicate !   
relation to t c5tral ?\ght ( ! imag]y ( 
!  inf]ior deities ( /orm4    #ai4  ,&  
fir/ ,i w take ! my? ( olus 7! sage     
,hippotades (  ,milton71 z x is deliv]$ 
pure by ,hom] f ! e>ly times4    ,:y d y
 suppose ,milton calls him sage8  ,"o   
does n usually ?9k  ( ! w9ds z v        
?\ghtful or delib]ate p[]s4  ,b he>     
,hom]3  ,!n we came to ! olian isl&1 &  
!re dwelt olus ,hippotades1  de> to !   
dea?less gods2 !re he dwelt 9 a float+  

isl&1 &  r\nd x 0 a wall ( brass t c\ld 
n be brok52 & ! smoo?  rock ( x ran up  
%e]4  ,to :om twelve *ildr5 7 born 9 !  
sacr$  *amb]s1--six daught]s & six /rong
 sons2 & !y dwell =e] )  _! belov$ fa!r 
& _! "m1 /rict 9 duty2 & ) !m are  laid 
up a ?\s& b5efits2 & ! mi/y h\se ar\nd  
!m r+s )  flut+ all ! day long4  ,n[1 y 
are to note fir/1 9 ?is  description1 ! 
wall ( brass & ! %e] rock4  ,y w f9d1   
?r\gh\t ! fables ( ! tempe/-gr\p1 t !   
braz5 wall & !  precipice 7occurr+ 9    
ano!r my? z ! braz5 t[] ( ,dana7 are    
always connect$ ) ! idea ( ! t[]+ cl\d  
light$ by ! sun1  "h truly describ$ z a 
float+ isl&4  ,secondly1 y he> t all    
treasures 7 laid up 9 !m2 !re=e1 y "k   
?is olus is "l (  ! b5efic5t w9ds 7he   
br+e? ! w9d out ( 8 treasuries72 &      
pres5tly aft]w>ds ,hom] calls him !     
/ew>d ( ! w9ds1 !  ma/] ( ! /ore-h\se ( 
!m4  ,& ?is idea ( gifts &  preci\sness 
9 ! w9ds ( heav5 is c>ri$ out 9 !       
well-kn[n  sequel ( ! fable3 olus gives 
!m to ,ulysses1 all b "o1 b\nd 9  lea!rn

 bags1 ) a glitt]+ cord ( silv]2 & s l  
bags (  treasure t ! sailors ?9k !y are 
s1 & op5 !m to see4  ,&  :5 ,ulysses is 
?us driv5 back to olus1 & prays him aga9
 to help  him1 note ! delib]ate words ( 
! k+'s refusal1--,did ,i n1 says  he1   
s5d !e on ?y way he>tily1 t ?\ mighte/  
rea* ?y c\ntry1  ?y home1 & :atev] is   
de> to !e8  ,x is n lawful = me aga9  to
 s5d =? favorably on 8 j\rney a man hat$
 by ! happy gods4  ,?is idea ( !        
b5efic5ce ( olus rema9s to ! late/      
times1 ?\gh  ,virgil1 by adopt+ ! vulg> 
*ange ( ! cl\d isl& into ,lip>i1  has   
lo/ x a little2 b ev5 :5 x is f9ally    
expla9$ away by  ,diodorus1 olus is /ill
 a k9d-he>t$ mon>*1 :o liv$ on ! coa/  (
 ,sorr5to1 inv5t$ ! use ( sails1 &      
e/abli%$ a sy/em ( /orm  signals4       
#bj4  ,ano!r b5efic5t /orm-p[]1 ,boreas1
 occupies an important place  9 e>ly    
leg5d1 & a s+ul>ly pr9cipal "o 9 art2 & 
,i wi% ,i  c\ld read to y a passage (   
,plato ab\t ! leg5d ( ,boreas &         
,orei?yia199 & ! breeze & %ade ( !      

,ilissus--not)/annd+ its  sev]e         
reflection ^u p]sons :o wa/e _! "t on   
my?ological  /udies2 b ,i mu/ g on at   
once to ! fable ) :i* y are all  g5]ally
 famili>1 t ( ! ,h>pies4      99        
,translat$ by ,max ,mll] 9 ! op5+ ( 8   
essay on ,comp>ative  ,my?ology4--,*ips 
f a ,g]man ,work%op1 vol4 ii4      ,?is 
is always connect$ ) t ( ,boreas or !   
nor? w9d1 because  ! two sons ( ,boreas 
are enemies ( ! ,h>pies1 & drive !m away
  into frantic flight4  ,! my? 9 its    
fir/ lit]al =m means only !  battle     
betwe5 ! fair nor? w9d & ! f\l s\? "o3 !
 two  ,h>pies1 ,/ormswift & ,swiftfoot1 
are ! si/]s ( ! ra9b[2  t is to say1 !y 
are ! brok5 drifts ( ! %[]y s\? w9d1 &  
! cle> nor? w9d drives !m back2 b !y    
quickly take a deep] &  m malignant     
significance4  ,y "k ! %ort1 viol5t1    
spiral gu/s  t lift ! du/ be=e com+ ra93
 ! ,h>pies get id5tifi$ fir/  ) ^!1 & !n
 ) m viol5t :irlw9ds1 & s !y are call$  
,h>pies1 ! ,snat*]s1 & are ?\ght ( z    
entirely de/ructive2  _! mann] ( de/roy+

 be+ tw(old1--by snat*+ away1 & by      
defil+ & pollut+4  ,?is is a mon? 9 :i* 
y may really see a  small ,h>py at h] "w
 almo/ :5ev] y *oose4  ,! fir/ "t t  !re
 is ?reat5+ ( ra9 aft] two or ?ree days 
( f9e wea!r1  leave y\r w9d[ well op5 to
 ! /reet1 & "s books or pap]s on  !     
table2 & if y d n1 9 a little :ile1 "k  
:at ! ,h>pies  mean1 & h[ !y snat*1 & h[
 !y defile1 ,i'll give up my ,greek     
my?s4    #ba4  ,t is ! physical mean+4  
,x is n[ easy to f9d ! m5tal  "o4  ,y   
mu/ all h felt ! expression ( ignoble   
ang] 9 ^?  fitful gu/s ( /orm4  ,!re is 
a s5se ( provocation 9 _! ?9  & s5seless
 fury1 :olly diff]5t f ! nobl] ang] ( ! 
great]  tempe/s4  ,also1 !y seem useless
 & unnatural1 & ! ,greek ?9ks (  !m     
always z vile 9 malice1 & oppos$1 !re=e1
 to ! ,sons (  ,boreas1 :o are k9dly    
w9ds1 t fill sails1 & wave h>ve/s1--full
  ( brac+ heal? & happy impulses4  ,f   
?is l[] & m]ely great]  t]ror1 always   
associat$ ) _! :irl+ motion1 :i* is     
inde$  indicative ( ! mo/ de/ructive    

w9ds2 & !y are ?us relat$ to  ! nobl]   
tempe/s1 z ,*>ybdis to ! sea2 !y are    
dev\r+ &  desolat+1 mak+ all ?+s        
disappe> t come 9 _! grasp2 & s1        
spiritually1 !y are ! gu/s ( vexati\s1  
fretful1 lawless passion1  va9 &        
ov]%ad[+1 discont5t$ & lam5t+1 meag] &  
insane1--  spirits ( wa/$ en]gy1 & w&]+ 
disease1 & unappeas$ fam9e1  &          
unsatisfi$ hope4  ,s y h1 on ! "o side1 
! w9ds (  prosp]ity & heal?1 on ! o!r1 (
 ru9 & sickness4  ,und]/&  t1 once1     
deeply1--any :o h ev] kn[n ! we>9ess (  
va9  desires1 ! pitiful1 unconqu]able1  
coil+ & recoil+ fam9e &  ?ir/ ( he>t1--&
 y w "k :at 0 9 ! s\nd ( ! ,h>py        
,celno's %riek f h] rock2 & :y1 9 !     
sev5? circle ( !  ,inf]no1 ! ,h>pies    
make _! ne/s 9 ! w>p$ bran*es ( !  trees
 t are ! s\ls ( suicides4    #bb4  ,n[ y
 mu/ always be prep>$ to read ,greek    
leg5ds z y trace  ?reads ?r\gh figures  
on a silk5 damask3 ! same ?read runs    
?r\gh  ! web1 b x makes "p ( diff]5t    
figures4  ,jo9$ ) o!r  colors y h>dly   

recognize x1 & 9 diff]5t lights x is d>k
 or  light4  ,?us ! ,greek fables bl5d &
 cross curi\sly 9 diff]5t  directions1  
till !y knit !mselves into an arabesque 
:]e sometimes  y _c tell black f purple1
 nor blue f em]ald--!y be+ all  ! tru] =
 ?is1 because ! tru?s ( emotion !y      
repres5t are  int]wov5 9 ! same way1 b  
all ! m difficult to read1 & to  expla9 
9 any ord]4  ,?us ! ,h>pies1 z !y       
repres5t va9 desire1  are connect$ ) !  
,sir5s1 :o are ! spirits ( con/ant      
desire2 s  t x is difficult sometimes 9 
e>ly art to "k :i* are meant1 bo?  be+  
repres5t$ alike z birds ) wom5's heads2 
only ! ,sir5s are  ! great con/ant      
desires--! inf9ite sicknesses (         
he>t--:i*1  rightly plac$1 give life1 & 
wrongly plac$1 wa/e x away2 s t  !re are
 two gr\ps ( ,sir5s1 "o noble & sav+1 z 
! o!r is  fatal4  ,b !re are no animat+ 
or sav+ ,h>pies2 _! nature is  always   
vex+ & full ( we>9ess1 & ?us !y are     
curi\sly  connect$ ) ! :ole gr\p (      
leg5ds ab\t ,tantalus4    #cc499  ,we   

all "k :at x is to be tantaliz$2 b we d 
n (t5 ?9k  ( ask+ :at ,tantalus 0       
tantaliz$ =--:at he _h done1 to be  =ev]
 kept hungry 9 sight ( food4  ,well2 he 
_h n be5 condemn$ to  ?is m]ely = be+ a 
glutton4  ,by ,dante ! same puni%m5t is 
assign$ to simple gluttony1 to purge x  
away2 b ! s9s ( ,tantalus  7 ( a mu*    
wid] & m my/]i\s k9d4  ,!re are f\r     
great s9s  attribut$ to him3 "o1 /eal+ !
 food ( ! gods to give x to m52  ano!r1 
sacrific+ 8 son to fe$ ! gods !mselves  
7x may rem9d  y = a mom5t ( :at ,i 0    
tell+ y ( ! e>?ly "* (  ,demet]1 t1 :ile
 ! o!r gods all refuse1 %e1 dream+ ab\t 
h]  lo/ daught]1 eats "p ( ! %\ld] (    
,pelops be=e %e kn[s :at  %e is do+72   
ano!r s9 is1 tell+ ! secrets ( ! gods2 &
 only  ! f\r?--/eal+ ! gold5 dog (      
,p&>eos--is connect$ )  gluttony4  ,!   
special s5se ( ?is my? is m>k$ by       
,p&>eos  receiv+ ! happy privilege (    
nev] be+ tr\bl$ ) indige/ion2  ! dog1 9 
g5]al1 h[ev] my?ically repres5ts all    
utt] s5seless  & c>nal desires2 ma9ly t 

( gluttony2 & 9 ! my?ic s5se (          
,hades--t is to say1 s f> z x repres5ts 
spiritual ru9 9 ?is  life1 & n a lit]al 
hell--! dog ,c]b]us z its gatekeep]--)  
?is special m>k+ ( 8 "* ( s5sual        
passion1 t he fawns  on all ^? :o       
desc5d1 b rages aga9/ all :o w\ld return
 7!  ,virgilian facilis desc5dus be+ a  
lat] recognition ( ?is my?ic  "* (      
,hades72 ! la/ labor ( ,h]cules is !    
dragg+ him up  to ! light2 & 9 "s sort  
he repres5ts ! voracity or dev\r+  (    
,hades itself2 & ! m$ival repres5tation 
( ! m\? ( hell  p]petuates ! same ?\ght4
  ,!n1 also1 ! p[] ( evil passion  is   
p>tly associat$ ) ! r$ & scor*+ light ( 
,sirius1 z  oppos$ to ! pure light ( !  
sun3 he is ! dog-/> ( ru92 &  h5ce !    
cont9ual ,hom]ic dwell+ ^u him1 &       
comp>ison ( !  flame ( ang] to 8 sw>?y  
light2 only1 9 8 scor*+1 x is  ?ir/1 n  
hung]1 ov] :i* he rules physically2 s t 
! fable  ( ,ic>ius1 8 fir/ ma/]1        
corresponds1 among ! ,greeks1 to !      
leg5d ( ! drunk5ness ( ,noah4      99   

,pr9t]'s error3 %\ld be #bc4      ,!    
/ory ( ,acton1 ! rag+ dea? ( ,hecuba1 & 
! tradition (  ! :ite dog :i* ate "p (  
,h]cules' fir/ sacrifice1 & s gave  "n  
to ! ,cynos>ges1 are all v>i\s phases ( 
! same ?\ght1--!  ,greek notion ( ! dog 
be+ ?r\gh\t confus$ betwe5 its          
s]viceable  fidelity1 its wat*fulness1  
its f\l voracity1 %amelessness1 & deadly
  madness1 :ile ) ! curi\s rev]sal or   
recoil ( ! mean+ :i*  atta*es itself to 
ne>ly e great my?1--& :i* we %all       
pres5tly  see notably exemplifi$ 9 !    
relations ( ! s]p5t to ,a!na1--!  dog   
becomes 9 philosophy a type ( sev]ity & 
ab/95ce4    #bd4  ,x w\ld c>ry u too f> 
aside 7 ,i to tell y ! /ory (  ,p&>eos' 
dog--or r ( ,jupit]'s dog1 = ,p&>eos 0  
its  gu>dian only2 all t be>s on our    
pres5t purpose is t ! gu>dian  ( ?is    
gold5 dog _h ?ree daught]s1 "o ( :om 0  
subject to !  p[] ( ! ,sir5s1 & is turn$
 into a night+ale2 & ! o!r two  7       
subject to ! p[] ( ! ,h>pies1 & ?is 0   
:at happ5$ to  !m3 ,!y 7 v beautiful1 & 

!y 7 belov$ by ! gods 9  _! y\?1 & all !
 great goddesses 7 anxi\s to br+ !m up  
rightly4  ,( all types ( "y ladies'     
education1 !re is no?+ s  spl5did z t ( 
! y\ng] daught]s ( ,p&>eos4  ,!y h      
lit]ally ! f\r greate/ goddesses = _!   
gov]nesses4  ,a!na  tea*es !m dome/ic   
accompli%m5ts1 h[ to weave1 & sew1 & !  
l2 ,artemis tea*es !m to hold !mselves  
up /raight2 ,h]a1 h[ to  behave pr\dly &
 oppressively to company2 & ,aphrodite1 
delightful  gov]ness1 fe$s !m ) cakes & 
honey all day long4  ,all goes well1    
until j ! "t :5 !y are go+ to be br\ght 
out2 !n !re is  a great dispute :om !y  
are to m>ry1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x !y are      
c>ri$ (f by ! ,h>pies1 giv5 by !m to be 
slaves to ! ,furies1 &  nev] se5 m4  ,b 
( c\rse !re is no?+ 9 ,greek my?s2 & "o 
nev] he>d ( su* ?+s z va9 desires1 &    
empty hopes1 & cl\d$  passions1 defil+ &
 snat*+ away ! s\ls ( maid5s1 9 a       
,london  season4    ,i h no "t to trace 
= y any m h>py leg5ds1 ?\gh !y are  full
 ( ! mo/ curi\s int]e/2 b ,i may confirm

 = y my  int]pretation ( ?is "o1 & prove
 its importance 9 ! ,greek m9d1  by not+
 t ,polygnotus pa9t$ ^! maid5s1 9 8     
great religi\s  s]ies ( pa9t+s at       
,delphi1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 & play+ at dice2
  & t ,p5elope rememb]s !m 9 h] la/ fit 
( despair1 j be=e  ! return ( ,ulysses1 
& prays bitt]ly t %e may be snat*$ away 
at once into no?+ness by ! ,h>pies1 l   
,p&>eos' daught]s1  r ?an be torm5t$    
long] by h] def]r$ hope1 & angui% (     
disappo9t$ love4    #be4  ,i h hi!rto   
spok5 only ( deities ( ! w9ds4  ,we pass
 n[ to  a f> m important gr\p1 ! deities
 ( cl\d4  ,bo? ( ^! are  subord9ate to !
 rul+ p[] ( ! air1 z ! demigods ( !     
f\nta9s & m9or seas are to ! great deep2
 b1 z !  cl\d-firmam5t deta*es itself m 
f ! air1 & has a wid] range  ( m9i/ry   
?an ! m9or /reams & seas1 ! highe/ cl\d 
deity1  ,h]mes1 has a rank m equal )    
,a!na ?an ,n]eus or ,proteus )          
,neptune2 & !re is great] difficulty 9  
trac+ 8 "*1  because 8 physical dom9ion 
ov] ! cl\ds c1 ( c\rse1 be ass]t$  only 

:]e cl\ds are2 &1 !re=e1 sc>cely at all 
9 ,egypt299 s t  ! *anges :i* ,h]mes    
und]goes 9 becom+ a ,greek f an         
,egyptian  & ,phnician god1 are great]  
?an 9 any o!r case ( adopt$  tradition  
,9 ,egypt ,h]mes is a deity ( hi/orical 
record1 & a  conductor ( ! dead to      
judgm5t2 ! ,greeks take away mu* ( ?is  
hi/orical function1 assign+ x to !      
,muses2 b1 9 inve/+ him  ) ! physical   
p[] ov] cl\ds1 !y give him t :i* !      
,muses  disda91--! p[] ( concealm5t & ( 
!ft4  ,! snat*+ away by  ! ,h>pies is ) 
brute =ce2 b ! snat*+ away by ! cl\ds   
is connect$ ) ! ?\ght ( hid+1 & ( mak+  
?+s seem to  be :at !y are n2 s t ,h]mes
 is ! god ( ly+1 z he is (  mi/2 & yet )
 ?is ignoble function ( mak+ ?+s vani% &
  disappe> is connect$ ! remnant ( 8 gr&
 ,egyptian au?ority (  lead+ away s\ls 9
 ! cl\d ( dea? 7! actual dimness ( sight
  caus$ by mortal w\nds physically      
sugge/+ ! d>kness & desc5t  ( cl\ds1 &  
cont9ually be+ s describ$ 9 ! ,iliad72  
:ile !  s5se ( ! ne$ ( guidance on !    

untrodd5 road foll[s necess>ily4  ,y _c 
b rememb] h[ ?is ?\ght ( cl\d guidance1 
& cl\d  receiv+ s\ls at dea?1 has be5   
else:]e ratifi$4      99 ,i believe t ! 
conclusions ( rec5t s*ol>%ip are g5]ally
  oppos$ to ! ,h]odotean ideas ( any    
direct acceptance by ! ,greeks  (       
,egyptian my?s3 & v c]ta9ly1 ,greek art 
is develop$ by giv+  ! v]acity &        
simplicity ( real life to ,ea/]n savage 
grotesque2 &  n by s(t5+ ! sev]ity (    
pure ,egyptian design4  ,b x is ( no    
consequ5ce :e!r "o conception 01 or 0 n1
 9 ?is case1 d]iv$  f ! o!r2 my object  
is only to m>k ! ess5tial diff]5ce      
betwe5 !m4      #bf4  ,)\t foll[+ t     
high] clue1 ,i w pass to ! lovely gr\p  
( my?s connect$ ) ! bir? ( ,h]mes on !  
,greek m\nta9s4  ,y  "k t ! valley (    
,sp>ta is "o ( ! noble/ m\nta9 rav9es 9 
! _w1 & t ! we/]n flank ( x is =m$ by an
 unbrok5  *a9 ( crags1 =ty miles long1  
ris+1 opposite ,sp>ta1 to a height (    
#h1jjj feet1 & kn[n z ! *a9 ( ,taygetus4
  ,n[1 ! nymph f :om  t m\nta9 ridge is 

nam$ 0 ! "m ( ,lac$mon2 !re=e !  my?ic  
ance/ress ( ! ,sp>tan race4  ,%e is !   
nymph ,taygeta1 & "o  ( ! sev5 />s (    
spr+2 "o ( ^? ,pleiades ( :om is !  "q  
to ,job1--,can/ ?\ b9d ! sweet influ5ces
 ( ,pleiades1 or  loose ! b&s ( ,orion8 
,! sweet influ5ces ( ,pleiades1 ( !  />s
 ( spr+1--n[h]e sweet] ?an among !      
p9e-clad slopes ( !  hills ( ,sp>ta &   
,arcadia1 :5 he sn[s ( _! high] summits1
  b5ea? ! sun%9e ( ,april1 fell into    
f\nta9s1 & rose into cl\ds2  & 9 e rav9e
 0 a newly awak5$ voice ( wat]s1--s(t   
increase  ( :isp] among its sacr$ /ones2
 & on e crag its =m+ &  fad+ veil (     
radiant cl\d2 temple above temple1 ( !  
div9e m>ble  t no tool c pollute1 nor   
ru9 und]m9e4  ,&1 !re=e1 beyond  ?is    
c5tral valley1 ?is great ,greek vase (  
,arcadia1 on ! holl[  m\nta91 ,cyll5e1  
or pregnant m\nta91 call$ also cold1    
because  !re ! vapors re/199 & born ( ! 
elde/ ( ^? />s ( spr+1  t ,maia1 f :om  
y\r own mon? ( ,may has its "n1 br++ to 
y1  9 ! gre5 ( h] g>l&s1 & ! :ite ( h]  

haw?orn1 !  unrecogniz$ symbols ( !     
pa/ures & ! wrea!d sn[s ( ,arcadia1  :]e
 long ago %e 0 que5 ( />s3 !re1 fir/    
cradl$ & wrapt 9  swaddl+-clo!s2 !n     
rais$1 9 a mom5t ( surprise1 into 8     
w&]+ p[]1--is born ! %eph]d ( ! cl\ds1  
w+$-foot$ &  deceiv+1--bl9d+ ! eyes (   
,argus1--escap+ f ! grasp (             
,apollo--re/less mess5g] betwe5 ! highe/
 sky & topmo/ e>?--  ! h]ald ,m]cury1   
new light$ on a heav5-kiss+ hill4       
99 ,on ! alt> ( ,h]mes on its summit1 z 
on t ( ! ,lac9ian ,h]a1  no w9d ev]     
/irr$ ! a%es4  ,by ^? alt>s1 ! ,gods (  
,heav5 7  appeas$1 & all _! /orms at    
re/4      #bg4  ,n[1 x w be :olly       
impossible1 at pres5t1 to trace = y any 
( ! m9or ,greek expressions ( ?is ?\ght1
 except only t ,m]cury1  z ! cl\d       
%eph]d1 is especially call$ ,eriophoros1
 ! wool-be>]4  ,y w recollect ! "n f !  
common woolly ru% eriophorum  :i* has a 
cl\d ( silky se$2 & note also t he we>s 
di/9ctively ! flap cap1 petasos1 nam$ f 
a ^w mean+ to  exp&2 :i* %ad$ f ! sun1 &

 is worn on j\rneys4  ,y h  ! epi!t (   
m\nta9s cl\d-capp$ z an e/abli%$ =m ) e 
poet1 & ! ,mont ,pilate ( ,luc]ne is    
nam$ f a ,lat9 ^w  signify+ specially a 
wooll5 cap2 b ,m]cury has1 besides1 a   
g5]al  ,hom]ic epi!t1 curi\sly &        
int5sely conc5trat$ 9 mean+1 !          
pr(itable or s]viceable by wool199 t is 
to say1 by %eph]d weal?2  h5ce1         
pecuni>ily1 ri* or s]viceable1 & s he   
passes at la/ into  a g5]al m]cantile   
deity2 :ile yet ! cl\d s5se ( ! wool is 
reta9$ by ,hom] always1 s t he gives him
 ?is epi!t :5 x w\ld  o!rwise h be5 q   
mean+less 79 ,iliad1 xxiv4 #ddj71 :5 he 
drives ,priam's *>iot1 & brea!s =ce into
 8 horses1 precisely z  we %all f9d     
,a!na drive ,diom$2 & yet ! s]viceable &
 pr(itable  s5se--& some?+ also ( g5tle 
& soo?+ "* 9 ! m]e  wool-s(tness1 z us$ 
= dress1 & religi\s rites--is reta9$    
also  9 ! epi!t1 & ?us ! g5tle &        
s]viceable ,h]mes is oppos$ to  !       
deceitful "o4      99 ,i am conv9c$ t ! 
'eri' 9 'eri\nios' is n int5sitive1 b   

reta9$ f 'erion'2 b ev5 if ,i am wrong 9
 ?9k+ ?is1 !  mi/ake is ( no consequ5ce 
) respect to ! g5]al =ce ( !  t]m z     
mean+ ! pr(itabl5ess ( ,h]mes4  ,a!na's 
epi!t (  'ageleia' has a p>allel        
significance4 ,transcrib]'s note3 words 
inside  s+le apo/rophes are ,greek1 &   
use ! ,greek alphabet4      #bh4  ,9    
connection ) ?is driv+ ( ,priam's *>iot1
 rememb] t  z ,autolycus is ! son (     
,h]mes ! ,deceiv]1 ,myrtilus 7! ,auriga 
( !  ,/>s7 is ! son ( ,h]mes ! ,guide4  
,! "n ,h]mes itself  means impulse2 & he
 is especially ! %eph]d ( ! flocks ( !  
sky1 9 driv+1 or guid+1 or /eal+ !m2 &  
yet 8 great  "n1 ,argeiphontes1 n       
only--z 9 diff]5t passages ( ! old5     
poets--means ,%9+ ,:ite1 :i* is said (  
him z be+ himself !  silv] cl\d light$  
by ! sun2 b ,argus-kill]1 ! kill] (     
rightness1 :i* is said ( him z he veils 
! sky1 & especially !  />s1 :i* are !   
eyes ( ,argus2 or1 lit]ally1 eyes (     
brightness1  :i* ,juno1 :o is1 )        
,jupit]1 "p ( ! type ( highe/ heav51    

keeps 9 h] peacock's tra94  ,we "k t ?is
 int]pretation is  "r1 f a passage 9 :i*
 ,euripides describes ! %ield (         
,hippom$on1 :i* bore = 8 sign1 ,argus ! 
all-see+1 cov]$  ) eyes2 op5 t[>ds !    
ris+ ( ! />s & clos$ t[>ds  _! sett+4   
,& ?us ,h]mes becomes ! _s ( ! movem5t (
 ! sky or  firmam5t2 n m]ely ! fa/ fly+ 
( ! transitory cl\d1 b !  great motion (
 ! heav5s & />s !mselves4  ,?us1 9 8    
highe/  p[]1 he corresponds to ! primo  
mobile ( ! lat] ,italian  philosophy1 &1
 9 8 simple/1 is ! guide ( all my/]i\s &
  cl\dy movem5t1 & ( all successful     
subtleties4  ,p]haps ! prettie/  m9or   
recognition ( 8 "* is :51 on ! night =ay
 ( ,ulysses  & ,diom$1 ,ulysses we> !   
helmet /ol5 by ,autolycus1 ! son (      
,h]mes4    #bi4  ,! position 9 ! ,greek 
m9d ( ,h]mes z ! "l ( cl\d is1  h[ev]1 m
 my/ic & ideal ?an t ( any o!r deity1 j 
on  acc\nt ( ! con/ant & real pres5ce ( 
! cl\d itself "u  diff]5t =ms1 giv+ rise
 to all k9ds ( m9or fables4  ,! play (  
! ,greek imag9ation 9 ?is direction is s

 wide & complex1 t ,i  _c give y an     
outl9e ( its range 9 my pres5t limits4  
,!re is  fir/ a great s]ies (           
/orm-leg5ds connect$ ) ! family ( !     
hi/oric olus c5traliz$ by ! /ory (      
,a?amas1 ) 8 two wives1  ! ,cl\d1 & !   
,:ite ,goddess1 end+ 9 t ( ,phrixus &   
,helle1 & ( ! gold5 fleece 7:i* is only 
! cl\d-burd5 ( ,h]mes  ,eriophoros74  ,)
 ?is1 !re is ! fate ( ,salmoneus1 & !   
de/ruction ( ! ,glaucus by 8 own horses2
 all ^! m9or my?s (  /orm conc5trat+    
!mselves d>kly into ! leg5d (           
,bell]ophon &  ! ,*imra1 9 :i* !re is an
 "u /ory ab\t ! va9 subdu+ (  passion & 
trea*]y1 & ! end ( life 9 fad+          
melan*oly1--:i*1  ,i hope1 n _m ( y c\ld
 und]/& ev5 7 ,i to %[ x y 7!  m]ely    
physical mean+ ( ! ,*imra is ! cl\d (   
volcanic lightn+  connect$ :olly )      
e>?-fire1 b resembl+ ! heav5ly cl\d 9   
its height & its ?und]74  ,f9ally1 9 !  
olic gr\p1 !re is !  leg5d ( ,sisypus1  
:i* ,i mean to "w out ?or\ghly by       
itself2 its  root is 9 ! position (     

,cor9? z rul+ ! i/hmus & ! two seas  --!
 ,cor9!an ,acropolis1 two ?\s& feet     
high1 be+ ! c5tre (  ! cross+ curr5ts ( 
! w9ds1 & ( ! comm]ce ( ,greece4        
,!re=e1 ,a!na1 & ! f\nta9-cl\d ,pegasus1
 are m closely  connect$ ) ,cor9? ?an   
ev5 ) ,a!ns 9 _! mat]ial1 ?\gh  n 9 _!  
moral1 p[]2 & ,sisyphus f\nds ! ,i/hmian
 games 9  connection ) a melan*oly /ory 
ab\t ! sea gods2 b he himself is        
'k]dotos &ron'1 ! mo/ ga9+ & subtle (   
m52 :o hav+ !  key ( ! ,i/hmus1 becomes 
! type ( transit1 transf]1 or trade1 z  
su*2 & ( ! app>5t ga9 f x1 :i* is n ga92
 & ?is is  ! real mean+ ( 8 puni%m5t 9  
hell--et]nal toil & recoil 7!  mod]n    
idol ( capital be+1 inde$1 ! /one (     
,sisyphus ) a  v5geance1 cru%+ 9 its    
recoil74  ,b1 ?r\gh\t1 ! old ideas (  ! 
cl\d p[] & cl\d feebl5ess1--! deceit (  
its hid+1--& !  empt9ess ( its          
bani%+1--! ,autolycus en*antm5t ( mak+  
black  seem :ite1--& ! disappo9t$ fury (
 ,ixion 7tak+ %ad[ =  p[]71 m+le 9 !    
moral mean+ ( ?is & its collat]al       

leg5ds2  & give an aspect1 at la/1 n    
only ( fooli% cunn+1 b ( impiety  or    
lit]al idolatry1 imag9ation wor%ip1 to !
 dreams ( av>ice  & inju/ice1 until ?is 
notion ( a!ism & insol5t bl9dness       
becomes pr9cipal2 & ! ,cl\ds (          
,ari/ophanes1 ) ! p]sonifi$  j & unju/  
say+s 9 ! latt] "p ( ! play1 =e%ad[1    
almo/ feature by feature1 9 all t !y 7  
writt5 to mock & to  *a/ise1 ! wor/     
elem5ts ( ! impi\s 'd9os' & tumult 9    
m5's  ?\ghts1 :i* h foll[$ on _! av>ice 
9 ! pres5t day1 mak+  !m alike =sake !  
laws ( _! anci5t gods1 & misappreh5d$ or
  reject ! true words ( _! exi/+ tea*]s4
    #cj4  ,all ?is we h f ! leg5ds ( !  
hi/oric olus only2 b1  besides ^!1 !re  
is ! beautiful /ory ( ,semele1 ! "m (   
,bac*us4  ,%e is ! cl\d ) ! /r5g? ( !   
v9e 9 its bosom1  consum$ by ! light :i*
 matures ! fruit2 ! melt+ away ( !  cl\d
 into ! clean air at ! fr+e ( its edges 
be+ exquisitely  r5d]$ by ,p9d>'s epi!t 
= h]1 ,semele1 ) ! /ret*$-out  hair     
7'tauue!ira'47  ,!n !re is ! entire     

tradition ( !  ,danaides1 & ( ! t[] (   
,dana & gold5 %[]2 ! bir? (  ,p]seus    
connect+ ?is leg5d ) t ( ! ,gorgons &   
,grai1 :o  are ! true cl\ds ( ?und]\s   
ru9 & tempe/4  ,i mu/1 9 pass+1  m>k = y
 t ! =m ( ! sword or sickle ( ,p]seus1 )
 :i*  he kills ,m$usa1 is ano!r image ( 
! :irl+ h>py vortex1 &  belongs         
especially to ! sword ( de/ruction or   
annihilation2 :5ce x  is giv5 to ! two  
angels :o ga!r = de/ruction ! evil h>ve/
  & evil v9tage ( ! e>? 7,rev4 xiv4     
#ae74  ,i w collect aft]w>ds  & complete
 :at ,i h already writt5 respect+ !     
,pegasean &  ,gorgonian leg5ds1 not+ "h 
only :at is necess>y to expla9 !  c5tral
 my? ( ,a!na h]self1 :o repres5ts !     
ambi5t air1 :i*  includ$ all cl\d1 &    
ra91 & dew1 & d>kness1 & peace1 & wra?  
( heav54  ,let me n[ try to give y1     
h[ev] briefly1 "s di/9ct  idea ( !      
sev]al ag5cies ( ?is great goddess4     
#ca4  ,i4  ,%e is ! air giv+ life &     
heal? to all animals4       ,,ii4  ,%e  
is ! air giv+ vegetative p[] to ! e>?4  

,,iii4  ,%e is ! air giv+ motion to !   
sea1 & r5d]+             navigation     
possible4       ,,iv4  ,%e is ! air     
n\ri%+ artificial light1 tor* or        
lamplight2            z oppos$ to t ( ! 
sun1 on "o h&1 & ( consum+99            
fire on ! o!r4       ,v4  ,%e is ! air  
convey+ vibration ( s\nd4      99 ,n a  
sci5tific1 b a v practical & expressive 
di/9ction4      ,i w give y in/ances (  
h] ag5cy 9 all ^! functions4    #cb4    
,fir/1 & *iefly1 %e is air z ! _s (     
life1 giv+  vitality to ! blood4  ,h]   
psy*ic relation to ! vital =ce 9 matt]  
lies deep]1 & we w exam9e x aft]w>ds2 b 
a great numb] ( !  mo/ int]e/+ passages 
9 ,hom] reg>d h] z fly+ ov] ! e>? 9     
local & transitory /r5g?1 simply & m]ely
 ! goddess ( fre%  air4    ,x is curi\s 
t ! ,briti% city :i* has some:at saucily
 /yl$  itself ! ,mod]n ,a!ns is inde$ m 
"u h] especial tutelage &  favor 9 ?is  
respect ?an p]haps any o!r t[n 9 ! isl&4
  ,a!na  is fir/ simply :at 9 ! ,mod]n  
,a!ns y practically f9d h]1 !  breeze ( 

! m\nta9 & ! sea2 & :]ev] %e comes1 !re 
is  purification1 & heal?1 & p[]4  ,!   
sea-bea* r\nd ?is isle (  ours is !     
frieze ( our ,p>!non2 e wave t breaks on
 x  ?und]s ) ,a!na's voice2 nay1 :]ev] y
 ?r[ y\r w9d[ wide  op5 9 ! morn+1 y let
 9 ,a!na1 z wisdom & fre% air at !  same
 in/ant2 & :5ev] y draw a pure1 long1   
full brea? ( "r  heav51 y take ,a!na    
into y\r he>t1 ?r\gh y\r blood2 &1 )  ! 
blood1 into ! ?\ghts ( y\r bra94    ,n[1
 ?is giv+ ( /r5g? by ! air1 obs]ve1 is  
me*anical z well  z *emical4  ,y _c     
/rike a good bl[ b ) y\r *e/ full2  &1 9
 h& to h& fight+1 x is n ! muscle t     
fails fir/1 x  is ! brea?2 !            
longe/-brea!d w1 on ! av]age1 be !      
victor1  --n ! /ronge/4  ,note h[       
,%akespe>e always leans on ?is4  ,(     
,mortim]1 9 *ang+ h>dim5t ) great       
,gl5d[]3    ,?ree times !y brea!d1 &    
?ree times did !y dr9k1  ,^u agreem5t1 (
 swift ,sev]n's flood4    ,& aga91      
,hotspur1 s5d+ *all5ge to ,pr9ce ,h>ry3 
,t none might draw %ort brea? to-day    

,b ,i & ,h>ry ,monm\?4    ,aga91 (      
,hamlet1 be=e he receives 8 w\nd3       
,he's fat1 & scant ( brea?4    ,aga91   
,orl&o 9 ! wre/l+3          ,yes2 ,i    
besee* y\r grace        ,i am n yet well
 brea!d4    ,n[1 ( all ! p t ev] liv$1 !
 ,greeks knew be/ :at brea?  meant1 bo? 
9 ex]cise & 9 battle1 & !re=e ! que5 ( !
 air  becomes to !m at once ! que5 (    
bodily /r5g? 9 w>2 n m]e  brutal muscul>
 /r5g?1--t belongs to ,ares1--b ! /r5g? 
(  "y lives pass$ 9 pure air & swift    
ex]cise1--,camilla's virg9al  =ce1 t    
flies o'er ! unb5d+ corn1 & skims along 
! ma94    #cc4  ,n[ ,i w rapidly give y 
two or ?ree in/ances ( h] direct  ag5cy 
9 ?is function4  ,fir/1 :5 %e wants to  
make ,p5elope bright  & beautiful2 & to 
d away ) ! signs ( h] wait+ & h]  grief4
  ,!n ,a!na ?\ght ( ano!r ?+2 %e laid h]
 into a deep  sleep1 & loos$ all h]     
limbs1 & made h] tall]1 & made h]       
smoo!r1 & fatt]1 & :it] ?an sawn ivory2 
& brea!d ambrosial  brightness ov] h]   
face2 & s %e left h] & w5t up to heav54 

,fre% air & s\nd sleep at night1 "y     
ladies6  ,y see y may h  ,a!na = lady's 
maid :5ev] y *oose4  ,next1 h>k h[ %e   
gives  /r5g? to ,a*illes :5 he is brok5 
) fa/+ & grief4  ,jupit]  pities him &  
says to h]1 ',daught] m9e1 are y =sak+  
y\r own  soldi]1 & don't y c>e =        
,a*illes any m8  ,see h[ hungry &  weak 
he is1--g & fe$ him ) ambrosia4'  ,s he 
urg$ ! eag]  ,a!na2 & %e leap$ d[n out (
 heav5 l a h>py falcon1  %rill-voic$2 & 
%e p\r$ nect> & ambrosia1 full (        
delight1 into  ! brea/ ( ,a*illes1 t 8  
limbs might n fail ) fam9e2 !n  %e      
return$ to ! solid dome ( h] /rong fa!r4
  ,& !n comes !  great passage ab\t     
,a*illes arm+--= :i* we h no "t4  ,b "h 
is aga9 ,a!na giv+ /r5g? to ! :ole      
,greek army4  ,%e came z a  falcon to   
,a*illes1 /raight at him1 a sudd5 drift 
( breeze2 b to !  army %e mu/ come      
widely1 %e sweeps ar\nd !m all4  ,z :5  
,jupit]  spreads ! purple ra9b[ ov]     
heav51 port5d+ battle or cold /orm1  s  
,a!na1 wrapp+ h]self r\nd ) a purple    

cl\d1 /oop$ to !  ,greek soldi]s1 &     
rais$ up ea* ( !m4  ,note t purple1 9   
,hom]'s use ( x1 ne>ly always means     
fi]y1 full ( light4  ,x is  ! light ( ! 
ra9b[1 n ! color ( x1 :i* ,hom] means y 
to  ?9k (4    #cd4  ,b ! mo/ curi\s     
passage ( all1 & fulle/ ( mean+1 is :5  
%e gives /r5g? to ,m5elaus1 t he may /& 
unwe>i$ aga9/  ,hector4  ,he prays to   
h]3 ,& blue-ey$ ,a!na 0 glad t he pray$ 
to h]1 fir/2 & %e gave him /r5g? 9 8    
%\ld]s1 & 9 8  limbs1 an %e gave him !  
c\rage--( :at animal1 d y suppose8  ,_h 
x be5 ,neptune or ,m>s1 !y w\ld h giv5  
him ! c\rage ( a bull1  or a lion2 b    
,a!na gives him ! c\rage ( ! mo/ fe>less
 9  attack ( all creatures1 small or    
great1 & v small x is1 b :olly          
incapable ( t]ror1--%e gives him !      
c\rage ( a fly4    #ce4  ,n[ ?is simile 
( ,hom]'s is "o ( ! be/ in/ances ,i c   
give  y ( ! way 9 :i* great writ]s seize
 tru?s unconsci\sly :i*  are = all "t4  
,x is only rec5t sci5ce :i* has         
completely %[n  ! p]fectness ( ?is m9ute

 symbol ( ! p[] ( ,a!na2 prov+  t !     
insect's flight & brea? are co-ord9at$2 
t its w+s are  actually =c+-pumps1 ( :i*
 ! /roke compels ! ?oracic  respiration2
 & t x ?us brea!s & flies simultane\sly 
by !  action ( ! same muscles1 s t      
respiration is c>ri$ on mo/  vigor\sly  
dur+ flight1 :ile ! air-vessels1 suppli$
 by _m pairs  ( lungs in/ead ( "o1      
trav]se ! organs ( flight 9 f> great]   
numb]s ?an ! capill>y blood-vessels (   
our own sy/em1 & give  enorm\s & untir+ 
muscul> p[]1 a rapidity ( action measur$
 by  ?\s&s ( /rokes 9 ! m9ute1 & an     
endurance1 by miles & h\rs  ( flight499 
99 ,orm]od3 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,wasps4  
,hom] c\ld n h kn[n ?is2 nei!r t ! buzz+
 ( ! fly  0 produc$1 z 9 a w9d in/rum5t1
 by a con/ant curr5t ( air  ?r\gh !     
tra*ea4  ,b he _h se51 &1 d\btless1     
meant u to  rememb]1 ! m>vell\s /r5g? & 
swiftness ( ! insect's flight  7! glance
 ( ! swall[ itself is clumsy & sl[      
comp>$ to !  d>t+ ( common h\se-flies at
 play72 he probably attribut$ its       

murmur to ! w+s1 b 9 ?is also !re 0 a   
type ( :at we %all  pres5tly f9d        
recogniz$ 9 ! "n ( ,pallas1--! vibratory
 p[]  ( ! air to convey s\nd1 :ile1 z a 
purify+ creature1 ! fly holds  its place
 beside ! old symbol ( ,a!na 9 ,egypt1 !
 vulture2 & z  a v5om\s & torm5t+       
creature has m ?an ! /r5g? ( !  s]p5t 9 
proportion to its size1 be+ ?us entirely
 repres5tative  ( ! influ5ce ( ! air bo?
 9 purification & pe/il5ce2 & its       
c\rage is s notable t1 /rangely en\gh1  
=gett+ ,hom]'s simile1  ,i happ5$ to    
take ! fly = an expression ( ! audacity 
( fre$om  9 speak+ ( q ano!r subject499 
,:e!r x %\ld be call$  c\rage1 or m]e   
me*anical in/9ct1 may be que/ion$1 b    
assur$ly  no o!r animal1 expos$ to      
cont9ual dang]1 is s absolutely )\t     
sign ( fe>4      99 ,see f>!r on1 #adh1 
pp4 #aed-aef4      #cf4  ,y w1 p]haps1 h
 /ill pati5ce to he> two in/ances1 n (  
! communication z /r5g?1 b ( ! p]sonal  
ag5cy ( ,a!na z  ! air4  ,:5 %e comes   
d[n to help ,diom$ aga9/ ,ares1 %e does 

n  come to fight in/ead ( him1 b %e     
takes 8 *>iote]'s place4    ,%e snat*$ !
 re9s1 %e la%$ ) all h] =ce1  ,& full on
 ,m>s impell$ ! foam+ horse4    ,ares is
 ! fir/ to ca/ 8 spe>2 !n--note         
?is--,pope says3          ,pallas oppos$
 h] h&1 & caus$ to glance1        ,f> f 
! c>1 ! /rong immortal lance4    ,%e    
does n oppose h] h& 9 ! ,greek--! w9d   
c\ld n meet !  lance /raight--%e cat*es 
x 9 h] h&1 & ?r[s x (f4  ,!re is  no    
in/ance 9 :i* a lance is s p>ri$ by a   
mortal h& 9 all !  ,iliad1 & x is       
exactly ! way ! w9d w\ld p>ry x1 cat*+  
x1  & turn+ x aside4  ,if !re are any   
good rifle%ots "h1 !y "k  some?+ ab\t   
,a!na's p>ry+2 & 9 old times ! ,engli%  
ma/]s  ( fea!r$ artill]y knew m yet4    
,comp>e also ! turn+ (  ,hector's lance 
f ,a*illes3 ,iliad1 xx4 #dci4    #cg4   
,! la/ in/ance ,i w give y is z lovely z
 x is subtile4  ,?r\gh\t ! ,iliad1 ,a!na
 is h]self ! w or ,m5is ( ,a*illes4  ,if
 he is to be calm$1 x is %e :o calms    
him2 if ang]$1 x is %e  :o inflames him4

  ,9 ! fir/ qu>rel ) ,atreides1 :5 he   
/&s at  pause1 ) ! great sword half     
drawn1 ,a!na came f heav51 &  /ood beh9d
 him & caught him by ! yell[ hair4      
,ano!r god w\ld  h /ay$ 8 h& ^u ! hilt1 
b ,a!na only lifts 8 hair4  ,&  he turn$
 & knew h]1 & h] dreadful eyes %one ^u  
him4  ,!re is  an exquisite t5d]ness 9  
?is lay+ h] h& ^u 8 hair1 = x is  !     
talisman ( 8 life1 v[$ to 8 own         
,!ssalian riv] if he ev]  return$ to its
 %ore1 & ca/ ^u ,patroclus' pile1 s     
orda9+ t  !re %\ld be no return4    #ch4
  ,secondly1 ,a!na is ! air giv+        
vegetative impulse to ! e>?4  ,%e is !  
w9d & ! ra91 & yet m ! pure air itself1 
gett+  at ! e>? fre% turn$ by spade or  
pl\gh1 &1 above all1 fe$+ !  fre%       
leaves2 = ?\gh ! ,greeks knew no?+ ab\t 
c>bonic acid1  !y did "k t trees f$ on !
 air4    ,n[1 note fir/ 9 ?is1 ! my? ( !
 air gett+ at pl\gh$ l&4  ,y "k ,i told 
y ! ,"l ( all labor by :i* man liv$ 0   
,heph/us2 !re=e ,a!na adopts a *ild ( 81
 & ( ! ,e>?1--  ,eri*?onius1--lit]ally1 

! te>] up ( ! gr\nd1 :o is ! head  7?\gh
 n 9 direct l9e7 ( ! k+s ( ,attica2 &1  
hav+ adopt$  him1 %e gives him to be    
br\ght up by ! ?ree nymphs ( ! dew4  ,( 
^!1 ,aglauros1 ! dwell] 9 ! fields1 is !
 envy or malice ( !  e>?2 %e answ]s     
ne>ly to ! envy ( ,ca91 ! till] ( !     
gr\nd1  aga9/ 8 %eph]d bro!r1 9 h] own  
envy aga9/ h] two si/]s1  ,h]se1 ! cl\d 
dew1 :o is ! belov$ ( ! %eph]d ,m]cury2 
&  ,p&rosos1 ! diffus$ dew1 or dew (    
heav54  ,lit]ally1 y h 9  ?is my? !     
words ( ! bless+ ( ,esau3 ,?y dwell+    
%all be (  ! fatness ( ! e>?1 & ( ! dew 
( heav5 f above4  ,aglauros  is = h]    
envy turn$ into a black /one2 & h]s is  
"o ( ! voices  --! o!r be+ t ( ,ca9--:i*
 haunts ! circle ( envy 9 !  ,purgatory3
          ,io sono ,aglauro1 *i div5ne  
sasso4    ,b to h] two si/]s1 )         
,eri*?onius 7or ! h]o ,erec!us71 is     
built ! mo/ sacr$ temple ( ,a!na 9      
,a!ns2 ! temple to _! own  de>e/        
,a!na--to h]1 & to ! dew toge!r2 s t x 0
 divid$  into two p>ts3 "o1 ! temple (  

,a!na ( ! city1 & ! o!r t  ( ! dew4  ,& 
?is expression ( h] p[]1 z ! air br++ ! 
dew to ! hill pa/ures1 9 ! c5tral temple
 ( ! c5tral city (  ! hea!n1 dom9ant ov]
 ! future intellectual _w1 is1 ( all !  
facts connect$ ) h] wor%ip z ! _s (     
life1 p]haps ! mo/  important4  ,i h no 
"t n[ to trace = y ! hundr$? "p ( !     
diff]5t ways 9 :i* x be>s bo? ^u natural
 beauty1 & on !  be/ ord] & happ9ess (  
m5's lives4  ,i hope to foll[ out "s (  
^! tra9s ( ?\ght 9 ga!r+ toge!r :at ,i h
 to say ab\t  field h]bage2 b ,i mu/ say
 briefly "h t ! great sign1 to !        
,greeks1 ( ! com+ ( spr+ 9 ! pa/ures1 0 
n1 z ) u1 9  ! primrose1 b 9 ! v>i\s    
fl[]s ( ! asphodel tribe 7( :i*  ,i w   
give y "s sep>ate acc\nt pres5tly72     
!re=e x is t  ! e>? answ]s ) crocus     
flame to ! cl\d on ,ida2 & ! p[]  (     
,a!na 9 et]nal life is writt5 by ! light
 ( ! asphodel on !  ,elysian fields4    
,b fur!r1 ,a!na is ! air1 n only to !   
lilies ( ! field1 b  to ! leaves ( !    
=e/4  ,we saw be=e ! reason :y ,h]mes is

 said  to be ! son ( ,maia1 ! elde/ ( ! 
si/] />s ( spr+4  ,^?  />s are call$ n  
only ,pleiades1 b ,v]gili1 f a ^w m+l+  
! ideas ( ! turn+ or return+ ( spr+time 
) ! outp\r+  ( ra94  ,! "m ( ,v]gil be>+
 ! "n ( ,maia1 ,v]gil himself  receiv$ 8
 "n f ! sev5 />s2 & he1 =m+ fir/ ! m9d (
  ,dante1 & ?r\gh him t ( ,*auc]        
7besides :atev] special m9or  influ5ce  
came f ! ,pa/orals & ,georgics7 became !
 f\nta9head  ( all ! be/ lit]>y p[]     
connect$ ) ! love ( vegetative  nature  
among civiliz$ races ( m54  ,take ! fact
 = :at x is wor?2  /ill x is a /range   
seal ( co9cid5ce1 9 ^w & 9 reality1 ^u  
! ,greek dream ( ! p[] ov] human life1 &
 its pure/ ?\ghts1 9  ! />s ( spr+4  ,b 
! fir/ syllable ( ! "n ( ,v]gil has     
relation also to ano!r gr\p ( words1 (  
:i* ! ,engli% ones1  virtue & virg91 br+
 d[n ! =ce to mod]n days4  ,x is a gr\p 
conta9+ ma9ly ! idea ( spr+1 or increase
 ( life 9  vegetation--! ris+ ( ! new   
bran* ( ! tree out ( ! bud1 &  ( ! new  
leaf out ( ! gr\nd4  ,x involves1       

second>ily1 ! idea  ( gre5ness & (      
/r5g?1 b1 prim>ily1 t ( liv+ increase ( 
a new rod f a /ock1 /em1 or root 7,!re  
%all come =? a rod out  ( ! /em (       
,jesse72 & *iefly ! /em ( c]ta9         
plants--ei!r (  ! rose tribe1 z 9 !     
budd+ ( ! almond rod ( ,a>on2 or ( !    
olive tribe1 :i* has triple significance
 9 ?is symbolism1 f !  use ( its oil =  
sacr$ ano9t+1 = /r5g? 9 ! gymnasium1 &  
= light4  ,h5ce1 9 numb]less divid$ &   
reflect$ ways1 x is  connect$ ) ! p[] ( 
,h]cules & ,a!na3 ,h]cules plants ! wild
  olive1 = its %ade1 on ! c\rse (       
,olympia1 & x !nce=w>d  gives ! ,olympic
 cr[n ( consummate honor & re/2 :ile !  
prize at  ! ,pana!naic games is a vase (
 its oil 7mean+ enc\ragem5t to          
cont9uance ( ef=t72 & f ! pa9t+s on ^!  
,pana!naic vases  we get ! mo/ preci\s  
clue to ! entire "* ( ,a!na4  ,!n to    
express its propagation by slips1 !     
trees f :i* ! oil 0 to be  tak5 7 call$ 
,moriai1 trees ( division 7be+ all      
desc5d5ts (  ! sacr$ "o 9 ! ,ere*!um74  

,& ?us1 9 "o direction1 we get to  !    
*ildr5 l olive plants r\nd ab\t ?y table
 & ! olive  graft+ ( ,/4 ,paul2 :ile !  
use ( ! oil = ano9t+ gives *ief  "n to !
 rod itself ( ! /em ( ,jesse1 & to all  
^? :o 7 by  t "n sign$ = 8 disciples    
fir/ 9 ,antio*4  ,rememb]1 fur!r1  s9ce 
t "n 0 fir/ giv5 ! influ5ce ( ! symbol1 
bo? 9  extreme unction & 9 consecration 
( prie/s & k+s to _! div9e  "r2 & ?+1 if
 y c rea* ) any grasp ( ?\ght1 :at !    
influ5ce on ! e>? has be51 ( ^? twi/$   
bran*es ^: leaves  give gray bloom to ! 
hillsides "u e breeze t bl[s f !  midl& 
sea4  ,b1 above & beyond all1 ?9k h[    
/range x is t !  *ief ,agonia (         
humanity1 & ! *ief giv+ ( /r5g? f heav5 
= its fulfilm5t1 %\ld h be5 "u its night
 %ad[ 9 ,pale/9e4    #ci4  ,?irdly1     
,a!na is ! air 9 its p[] ov] ! sea4     
,on ! e>lie/ ,pana!naic vase kn[n--!    
,burgon vase 9 ! ,briti%  museum--,a!na 
has a dolph9 on h] %ield4  ,! dolph9 has
 two  pr9cipal mean+s 9 ,greek          
symbolism4  ,x means1 fir/1 ! sea2      

second>ily1 ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ c\rse (  
any ( ! heav5ly  bodies f "o sea horizon
 to ano!r--! dolph9s' ar*+ rise &       
replunge 79 a summ] ev5+1 out ( calm    
sea1 _! black backs roll  r\nd ) exactly
 ! sl[ motion ( a wat]-:eel2 b ,i d n "k
  h[ f> ,ari/otle's exagg]at$ acc\nt (  
_! leap+ or _!  swiftness has any       
f\ndation7 be+ tak5 z a type ( ! em]g5ce
  ( ! sun or />s f ! sea 9 ! ea/1 &     
plung+ b5ea? 9 !  we/4  ,h5ce1 ,apollo1 
:5 9 8 p]sonal p[] he crosses ! sea1    
lead+ 8 ,cretan coloni/s to ,py?o1 takes
 ! =m ( a dolph91  becomes ,apollo      
,delph9ius1 & names ! f\nd$ colony      
,delphi4  ,!  lovely draw+ ( ! ,delphic 
,apollo on ! hydria ( ! ,vatican 7,le   
,norm& & ,de ,witte1 vol4 ii4 p4 #f7    
gives ! entire conception ( ?is  my?4   
,aga91 ! beautiful co9s ( ,t>5tum       
repres5t ,t>as com+ to  f\nd ! city1    
rid+ on a dolph91 ^: leaps & plunges h  
p>tly  ! rage ( ! sea 9 !m1 & p>tly !   
spr+ ( ! horse1 because  ! spl5did rid+ 
( ! ,t>5t9es _h made _! "n prov]bial 9  

,magna ,grca4  ,! /ory ( ,arion is a    
collat]al fragm5t ( ! same  ?\ght2 &1   
aga91 ! plunge1 be=e _! trans=mation1 ( 
!  %ips ( neas4  ,!n1 ?is idea ( c>e]   
^u1 or conque/ (1 or by  dolph9-l %ips  
7comp>e ! ,m]l9 prophecy1               
,!y %all ride              ,ov] ocean   
wide        ,) hemp5 bridle1 ad horse ( 
tree17    connects itself ) ! ?\ght (   
undulation1 & ( ! wave-p[] 9  ! sea     
itself1 :i* is always express$ by !     
s]p5t9e bodies ei!r  ( ! sea-gods or ( !
 sea-horse2 & :5 ,a!na c>ries1 z %e does
  (t5 9 lat] "w1 a s]p5t = h]           
%ield-sign1 x is n s mu* !  repetition (
 h] own gis-snakes z ! fur!r expression 
( h] p[]  ov] ! sea-wave2 :i*1 f9ally1  
,v]gil gives 9 its p]fect unity )  h]   
own ang]1 9 ! approa* ( ! s]p5ts aga9/  
,laocon f !  sea2 & !n1 f9ally1 :5 h]   
own /orm-p[] is fully put =? on  ! ocean
 also1 & ! madness ( ! gis-snake is give
 to !  wave-snake1 ! sea-wave becomes ! 
dev\r+ h\nd at ! wai/ (  ,scylla1 &     
,a!na takes ,scylla = h] helmet-cre/2   

:ile yet h]  b5efic5t & ess5tial p[] on 
! ocean1 9 mak+ navigation  possible1 is
 commemorat$ 9 ! ,pana!naic fe/ival by  
h] peplus be+  c>ri$ to ! ,ere*!um      
susp5d$ f ! ma/ ( a %ip4    ,9 ,plate   
cxv4 ( vol4 ii1 ,le ,norm&1 are giv5 two
 sides ( a vase1  :i*1 9 rude & *ildi%  
ways1 assembles mo/ ( ! pr9cipal  ?\ghts
 reg>d+ ,a!na 9 ?is relation4  ,9 !     
fir/1 ! sunrise is  repres5t$ by !      
asc5d+ *>iot ( ,apollo1 =e%ort5$2 !     
light  is suppos$ to bl9d ! eyes1 & no  
face ( ! god is se5 7,turn]1 9  !       
,ulysses & ,polyphemus sunrise1 loses ! 
=m ( ! god 9 light1  giv+ ! *>iot-horses
 only2 r5d]+ 9 8 own mann]1 aft] #b1bjj 
ye>s ( v>i\s fall & revival ( ! arts1   
precisely ! same ?\ght  z ! old ,greek  
pott]74  ,he asc5ds out ( ! sea2 b ! sea
 itself  has n yet caught ! light4  ,9 !
 second design1 ,a!na z !  morn+ breeze1
 & ,h]mes z ! morn+ cl\d1 fly ov] ! sea 
be=e  ! sun4  ,h]mes turns back 8 head2 
8 face is unse5 9 ! cl\d1 z  ,apollo's 9
 ! light2 ! grotesque appe>ance ( an    

animal's face is  only ! cl\d-phantasm  
modify+ a frequ5t =m ( ! hair ( ,h]mes  
b5ea? ! back ( 8 cap4  ,"u ! morn+      
breeze1 ! dolph9s leap  f ! rippl$ sea1 
& _! sides cat* ! light4    ,! co9s ( ! 
,lucanian ,h]acleia give a fair         
repres5tation ( !  helm$ ,a!na1 z imag9$
 9 lat] ,greek art1 ) ! emboss$ ,scylla4
    #dj4  ,f\r?ly1 ,a!na is ! air n\ri%+
 artificial light--unconsum+  fire4     
,!re=e1 a lamp 0 always kept burn+ 9 !  
,ere*!um2 &  ! tor*-race belongs *iefly 
to h] fe/ival1 ( :i* ! mean+ is  to %[ !
 dang] ( ! p]i%+ ( ! light ev5 by excess
 ( !  air t n\ri%es x2 & s t ! race is n
 to ! swift1 b to  ! wise4  ,! h\sehold 
use ( h] con/ant light is symboliz$ 9 ! 
lovely passage 9 ! ,odyssey1 :]e        
,ulysses & 8 son move ! armor  :ile !   
s]vants are %ut 9 _! *amb]s1 & !re is no
 "o to  hold ! tor*es = !m2 b ,a!na     
h]self1 hav+ a gold5 lamp1  fills all ! 
rooms ) light4  ,h] pres5ce 9 w>-/r5g? )
 h]  favorite h]oes is always %[n by !  
unwe>i$ fire hov]+ on _!  helmets &     

%ields2 & ! image gradually becomes     
con/ant &  accept$1 bo? = ! ma9t5ance ( 
h\sehold wat*fulness1 z 9 !  p>able ( ! 
t5 virg9s1 or z ! symbol ( direct       
inspiration1 9  ! ru%+ w9d & divid$     
flames ( ,p5teco/2 b toge!r ) ?is  ?\ght
 ( unconsum+ & con/ant fire1 !re is     
always m+l$ 9 !  ,greek m9d ! s5se ( !  
consum+ by excess1 z ( ! flame by !     
air1 s also ( ! inspir$ creature by its 
own fire 7?us1 aga91 !  zeal ( ?9e h\se 
ha? eat5 me up--my zeal ha? consum$ me1 
because  ( ?9e enemies1 & ! l72 &       
especially ,a!na has ?is aspect  t[>ds !
 truly s5sual & bodily /r5g?2 s t to    
,ares1 :o is  himself insane & consum+1 
! opposite wisdom seems to be insane &  
consum+3 ,all we ! o!r gods h !e aga9/  
u1 ,o ,jove6 :5 we  w\ld give grace to  
m52 = ?\ ha/ begott5 ! maid )\t a m9d-- 
! mis*iev\s creature1 ! do] ( unseemly  
evil4  ,all we obey !e1  & are rul$ by  
!e4  ,h] only ?\ wilt n resi/ 9 any?+ %e
  says or does1 because ?\ did/ be>     
h]--consum+ *ild z %e is4    #da4       

,la/ly1 ,a!na is ! air convey+ vibration
 ( s\nd4    ,9 all ! lovelie/           
repres5tations 9 c5tral ,greek art ( !  
bir?  ( ,a!na1 ,apollo /&s close to !   
sitt+ ,jupit]1 s++1 ) a  deep1 quiet    
joyfulness1 to 8 lyre4  ,! sun is always
 ?\ght ( z !  ma/] ( "t & rhy?m1 & z !  
orig9 ( ! compos+ &  inv5tive discov]y (
 melody2 b ! air1 z ! actual elem5t &   
sub/ance ( ! voice1 ! prolong+ & su/a9+ 
p[] ( x1 &  ! symbol ( its moral        
passion4  ,:atev] 9 music is measur$ &  
design$ belongs !re=e to ,apollo & !    
,muses2 :atev] is impulsive  &          
passionate1 to ,a!na2 h5ce h] con/ant   
/r5g? a voice or cry 7z  :5 %e aids !   
%\t ( ,a*illes7 curi\sly oppos$ to !    
dumbness (  ,demet]4  ,! ,apoll9e lyre1 
!re=e1 is n s mu* ! in/rum5t  produc+   
s\nd1 z its measur] & divid] by l5g? or 
t5sion (  /r+ into giv5 notes2 & ,i     
believe x is1 9 a d\ble connection )    
its (fice z a measur] ( "t or motion &  
its relation to !  transit ( ! sun 9 !  
sky1 t ,h]mes =ms x f !  tortoise-%ell1 

:i* is ! image ( ! dappl$ concave ( !   
cl\dy  sky4  ,!nce=w>d all ! limit+ or  
re/ra9+ modes ( music belong  to !      
,muses2 b ! m passionate music is w9d   
music1 z 9 !  ,doric flute4  ,!n1 :5 ?is
 inspir$ music becomes degrad$ 9 its    
passion1 x s9ks into ! pipe ( ,pan1 & ! 
d\ble pipe ( ,m>syas1  & is !n reject$  
by ,a!na4  ,! my? :i* repres5ts h] do+ s
  is t %e inv5t$ ! d\ble pipe f he>+ !  
hiss ( !  ,gorgonian s]p5ts2 b :5 %e    
play$ ^u x1 *anc+ to see h] face        
reflect$ 9 wat]1 %e saw t x 0 di/ort$1  
:]eupon %e ?rew  d[n ! flute :i* ,m>syas
 f\nd4  ,!n1 ! /rife ( ,apollo &        
,m>syas repres5ts ! endur+ conte/ betwe5
 music 9 :i* ! words  & ?\ght lead1 & ! 
lyre measures or melodizes !m 7:i* ,p9d>
  means :5 he calls 8 hymns k+s ov] !   
lyre71 & music 9 :i*  ! words are lo/ & 
! w9d or impulse leads1--g5]ally1 !re=e1
  betwe5 intellectual1 & brutal1 or     
mean+less1 music4  ,!re=e1 :5  ,apollo  
prevails1 he flays ,m>syas1 tak+ ! limit
 & ext]nal bond (  8 %ape f him1 :i* is 

dea?1 )\t t\*+ ! m]e muscul>  /r5g?1 yet
 %ameful & dreadful 9 dissolution4      
#db4  ,& ! opposition ( ^! two k9ds (   
s\nd is cont9ually dwelt  ^u by ! ,greek
 philosoph]s1 ! real fact at ! root (   
all music is  ! natural expression ( a  
l(ty passion = a "r cause2 t 9          
proportion to ! k+l9ess & =ce ( any     
p]sonality1 ! expression  ei!r ( its joy
 or suff]+ becomes measur$1 *a/5$1 calm1
 &  capable ( int]pretation only by !   
maje/y ( ord]$1 beautiful1 &  word$     
s\nd4  ,exactly 9 proportion to ! degree
 9 :i* we become  n>r[ 9 ! cause &      
conception ( our passions1 incont95t 9 !
  utt]ance ( !m1 feeble ( p]sev]ance 9  
!m1 sulli$ or %ameful 9  ! indulg5ce (  
!m1 _! expression by musical s\nd       
becomes brok51  mean1 fatuit\s1 & at la/
 impossible2 ! measur$ waves ( ! air (  
heav5 w n l5d !mselves to expression (  
ultimate vice1 x mu/  be =ev] sunk into 
discordance or sil5ce4  ,& s9ce1 z be=e 
/at$1 e "w ( "r art has a t5d5cy to     
reproduce ! e?ical  /ate :i* fir/       

develop$ x1 ?is1 :i* ( all ! arts is mo/
  directly 9 p[] ( discipl9e2 ! fir/1 ! 
simple/1 ! mo/  effective ( all         
in/rum5ts ( moral in/ruction2 :ile 9 !  
failure  & betrayal ( its functions1 x  
becomes ! subtle/ aid ( moral           
degradation4  ,music is ?us1 9 h] heal?1
 ! tea*] ( p]fect ord]1  & is ! voice ( 
! ob$i5ce ( angels1 & ! companion ( !   
c\rse ( ! sph]es ( heav52 & 9 h]        
depravity %e is also !  tea*] ( p]fect  
disord] & disob$i5ce1 & ! ,gloria 9     
,excelsis  becomes ! ,m>seillaise4  ,9 !
 ?ird section ( ?is volume1 ,i repr9t   
two *apt]s f ano!r essay ( m9e 7,!      
,ce/us ( ,aglaia71 on  mode/y or        
measure1 & on lib]ty1 conta9+ fur!r     
ref]5ce to music  9 h] two p[]s2 & ,i d 
?is n[1 because1 among ! _m mon/r\s  &  
misbegott5 fantasies :i* are ! spawn (  
mod]n lic5se1 p]haps  ! mo/ impi%ly     
opposite to ! tru? is ! conception (    
music :i*  has r5d]$ possible ! writ+1  
by educat$ p]sons1 &1 m  /rangely yet1 !
 tol]ant criticism1 ( su* words z ^!3   

,?is s  p]suasive art is ! only "o t has
 no didactic efficacy1 t  eng5d]s no    
emotions save su* z are )\t issue on !  
side ( moral  tru?1 t expresses no?+ (  
,god1 no?+ ( reason1 no?+ ( human       
lib]ty4  ,i w n give ! au?or's "n2 !    
passage is quot$ 9  ! ,we/m9/] ,review =
 la/ ,janu>y #ahfi4    #dc4  ,i mu/ also
 anticipate some?+ ( :at ,i h to say    
respect+  ! relation ( ! p[] ( ,a!na to 
organic life1 s f> z to note  t h] "n1  
,pallas1 probably ref]s to ! quiv]+ or  
vibration (  ! air2 & to its p[]1 :e!r z
 vital =ce1 or communicat$ wave1  ov] e 
k9d ( matt]1 9 giv+ x vibratory movem5t2
 fir/1 &  mo/ int5se1 9 ! voice & ?roat 
( ! bird1 :i* is ! air  inc>nate2 & s   
desc5d+ ?r\gh ! v>i\s ord]s ( animal    
life to  ! vibrat+ & semi-volunt>y      
murmur ( ! insect2 &1 l[] /ill1  to !   
hiss or quiv] ( ! tail ( ! half-lung$   
snake & deaf  add]2 all ^!1 nev]!less1  
be+ :olly "u ! rule ( ,a!na z  repres5t+
 ei!r brea? or vital n]v\s p[]2 &1      
!re=e1 also1  9 _! simplicity1 ! oat5   

pipe & pa/oral song1 :i* belong to  h]  
dom9ion ov] ! asphodel mead[s1 & brea!  
on _! banks (  violets4    ,f9ally1 is x
 n /range to ?9k ( ! influ5ce ( ?is "o  
p[] (  ,pallas 9 vibration 7we %all see 
a s+ul> me*anical en]gy ( x  pres5tly 9 
! s]p5t's motion71 9 ! voices ( w> &    
peace8  ,h[  mu* ( ! repose1 h[ mu* ( ! 
wra?1 folly1 & mis]y ( m51 has  lit]ally
 dep5d$ on ?is "o p[] ( ! air2 on ! s\nd
 ( !  trumpet & ( ! bell1 on ! l>k's    
song1 & ! bee's murmur6    #dd4  ,su* is
 ! g5]al conception 9 ! ,greek m9d ( !  
physical  p[] ( ,a!na4  ,! spiritual p[]
 associat$ ) x is ( two k9ds3  fir/1 %e 
is ! ,_s ( ,life 9 mat]ial organism2 n  
/r5g? 9  ! blood only1 b =mative en]gy 9
 ! clay2 &1 secondly1 %e is  inspir$ &  
impulsive wisdom 9 human conduct & human
 art1 giv+ !  in/9ct ( infallible       
decision1 & ( faultless inv5tion4    ,x 
is q beyond ! scope ( my pres5t         
purpose--&1 inde$1 w  only be possible =
 me at all aft] m>k+ ! relative int5tion
 (  ! ,apoll9e my?s--to trace = y !     

,greek conception ( ,a!na z  ! guide (  
moral passion4  ,b ,i w at lea/         
endeavor1 on "s ne>  occasion199 to     
def9e "s ( ! actual tru?s respect+ !    
vital =ce  9 creat$ organism1 & inv5tive
 fancy 9 ! works ( man1 :i* are  m or   
less express$ by ! ,greeks1 "u !        
p]sonality ( ,a!na4  ,y w\ld1 p]haps1   
h>dly be> ) me if ,i endeavor$ fur!r to 
%[  y--:at is nev]!less p]fectly true--!
 analogy betwe5 !  spiritual p[] ( ,a!na
 9 h] g5tle m9i/ry1 yet irresi/ible     
ang]1  ) ! m9i/ry ( an!r ,_s :om we     
also1 hold+ = !  univ]sal p[] ( life1   
are =bidd51 at our wor/ p]il1 to qu5* or
  to grieve4      99 ,i h tri$ to d ?is 
9 m]e outl9e 9 ! two foll[+ sections  ( 
?is volume4      #de4  ,b1 ,i ?9k1      
to-night1 y %\ld n let me close )\t     
requir+ ( me an answ] on "o vital po9t1 
namely1 h[ f> ^!  imag9ations (         
gods--:i* are va9 to u--7 va9 to ^? :o  
_h  no bett] tru/8 & :at real belief !  
,greek _h 9 ^! creations  ( 8 own _s1   
practical & helpful to him 9 ! sorr[ (  

e>?8  ,i am able to answ] y explicitly 9
 ?is4  ,! orig9 ( 8 ?\ghts  is (t5      
obscure1 & we may err 9 endeavor+ to    
acc\nt or _! =m  ( realization2 b !     
effect ( t realization on 8 life is n   
obscure at all4  ,! ,greek cre$ 01 (    
c\rse1 diff]5t 9 its  "*1 z our own cre$
 is1 accord+ to ! class ( p]sons :o     
held x4  ,! common p's 0 q lit]al1      
simple1 & happy2 _!  idea ( ,a!na 0 z   
cle> z a good ,roman ,ca?olic peasant's 
idea (  ! ,madonna4  ,9 ,a!ns itself1 ! 
c5tre ( ?\ght & ref9em5t1  ,pisi/ratus  
obta9$ ! re9s ( gov]nm5t ?r\gh ! ready  
belief (  ! populace t a beautiful      
woman1 arm$ l ,a!na1 0 ! goddess        
h]self4  ,ev5 at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury 
"s ( ?is simplicity  rema9$ among !     
inhabitants ( ! ,greek isl&s2 & :5 a    
pretty  ,engli% lady fir/ made h] way   
into ! grotto ( ,antip>os1 %e 0         
surr\nd$1 on h] return1 by all ! wom5 ( 
! neighbor+ village1  believ+ h] to be  
div9e1 & pray+ h] to heal !m ( _!       
sicknesses4    #df4  ,!n1 secondly1 !   

cre$ ( ! upp] classes 0 m ref9$ &       
spiritual1 b q z hone/1 & ev5 m =cible 9
 its effect on  ! life4  ,y might imag9e
 t ! employm5t ( ! artifice j  ref]r$ to
 impli$ utt] unbelief 9 ! p]sons        
contriv+ x2 b x  really meant only t ! m
 worldly ( !m w\ld play ) a popul>  fai?
 ( _! own purposes1 z d\bly-m9d$ p]sons 
h (t5 done  s9ce1 all ! :ile s9c]ely    
hold+ ! same ideas !mselves 9 a  m      
ab/ract =m2 :ile ! good & unworldly m51 
! true ,greek  h]oes1 liv$ by _! fai? z 
firmly z ,/4 ,l\is1 or ! ,cid1 or !     
,*evali] ,bay>d4    #dg4  ,!n1 ?irdly1 !
 fai? ( ! poets & arti/s 01 necess>ily1 
less def9ite1 be+ cont9ually modifi$ by 
! involunt>y action (  _! own fancies2 &
 by ! necessity ( pres5t+1 9 cle> v]bal 
or  mat]ial =m1 ?+s ( :i* !y _h no      
au?oritative k4  ,_! fai? 01 9 "s       
respects l ,dante's or ,milton's3 firm 9
  g5]al conception1 b n able to v\* = e 
detail 9 ! =ms  !y gave x2 b !y w5t     
consid]ably f>!r1 ev5 9 t m9or  s9c]ity1
 ?an subsequ5t poets2 & /rove ) all _!  

might to be  z ne> ! tru? z !y c\ld4    
,p9d> says1 q simply1 ,i _c  ?9k s-&-s (
 ! gods4  ,x mu/ h be5 ?is way--x _c h  
be5 t way--t ! ?+ 0 done4  ,& z late    
among ! ,lat9s z  ! days ( ,horace1 ?is 
s9c]ity rema9s4  ,horace is j z true &  
simple 9 8 religion z ,wordswor?2 b all 
p[] ( und]/&+ any  ( ! hone/ classic    
poets has be5 tak5 away f mo/ ,engli%   
g5tlem5 by ! me*anical drill 9          
v]se-writ+ at s*ool4  ,?r\gh\t  ! :ole (
 _! lives aft]w>ds1 !y nev] c get       
!mselves quit  ( ! notion t all v]ses 7 
writt5 z an ex]cise1 & t  ,m9]va 0 only 
a conv5i5t ^w = ! la/ ( a hexamet]1 &   
,jupit] = ! la/ b "o4    #dh4  ,x is    
impossible t any notion c be m fallaci\s
 or m  mislead+ 9 its consequ5ces4  ,all
 great song1 f ! fir/ day :5  human lips
 contriv$ syllables1 has be5 s9c]e song4
  ,) delib]ate  didactic purpose !      
trag$ians--) pure & native passion !    
lyri/s  --fitt$ _! p]fect words to _!   
de>e/ fai?s4  ,op]osa p>vus  c>m9a f+o4 
,i1 little ?+ t ,i am1 weave my labori\s

 songs z  e>ne/ly z ! bee among ! bells 
( ?yme on ! ,mat9 m\nta9s4 ,yes1  & he  
d$icates 8 favorite p9e to ,diana1 & he 
*ants 8 autumnal  hymn to ! ,faun t     
gu>ds 8 fields1 & he guides ! noble y\? 
&  maids ( ,rome 9 _! *oir to ,apollo1 &
 he tells ! f>m]'s little  girl t ! gods
 w love h]1 ?\gh %e has only a h&ful (  
salt  & meal to give !m--j z e>ne/ly z  
ev] ,engli% g5tleman taught  ,*ri/ian   
fai? to ,engli% y\? 9 ,engl&'s true/    
days4    #di4  ,!n1 la/ly1 ! cre$ ( !   
philosoph]s ( sages v>i$  accord+ to !  
"* & k ( ea*2 _! relative  acqua9tance )
 ! secrets ( natural sci5ce1 _!         
intellectual &  sect>ian egotism1 & _!  
my/ic or mona/ic t5d5cies1 = !re is  a  
classic z well z a m$ival mona/icism4   
,!y end 9 los+ ! life  ( ,greece 9 play 
^u words2 b we owe to _! e>ly ?\ght "s (
  ! s\nde/ e?ics1 & ! f\ndation ( ! be/ 
practical laws1 yet  kn[n to mank9d4    
#ej4  ,su* 0 ! g5]al vitality ( ! hea!n 
cre$ 9 its /r5g?4  ,( its direct        
influ5ce on conduct1 x is1 z ,i said1   

impossible = me  to speak n[2 only1     
rememb] always1 9 endeavor+ to =m a     
judgm5t (  x1 t :at ( good or "r !      
hea!ns did1 !y did look+ = no  rew>d4   
,! pure/ =ms ( our own religion h always
 consi/$ 9  sacrific+ less ?+s to w9    
great]1 "t to w9 et]nity1 ! _w  to w9 ! 
skies4  ,! ord]1 ,sell t ?\ ha/1 is n   
giv5 )\t  ! promise1 ,?\ %alt h treasure
 9 heav52 & well = !  mod]n ,*ri/ian if 
he accepts ! alt]native z 8 ,ma/] left  
x1 &  does n practically read ! comm& & 
promise ?us3 ,sell t ?\  ha/ 9 ! be/    
m>ket1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 et]nity   
also4  ,b ! poor ,greeks ( ! great ages 
expect$ no rew>d f heav5 b  honor1 & no 
rew>d f e>? b re/2 ?\gh1 :51 on ^?      
conditions1 !y pati5tly1 & pr\dly1      
fulfill$ _! task ( !  grant$ day1 an    
unreason+ in/9ct ( an immortal b5$iction
 broke  f _! lips 9 song2 & !y1 ev5 !y1 
_h sometimes a prophet to  tell !m ( a  
l& :]e !re is sun alike by day & alike  
by night1  :]e !y %all ne$ no m to      
tr\ble ! e>? by /r5g? ( h&s  = daily    

bread2 b ! ocean breezes bl[ ar\nd !    
bless$ isl&s1  & gold5 fl[]s burn on _! 
bright trees = ev]more4        ,,ii4    
,,a!na ,,k]amitis499    7,a!na 9 !      
,e>?47      99 ,a!na1 fit = be+ made    
into pott]y4  ,i co9 ! expression z a   
c\nt]p>t ( 'ge p>!nia'1 ,clay intact4   
,,/udy1 ,,supplem5t>y ,,to ,,! ,,prec$+ 
,,lecture1 ,,( ,,! ,,suppos$ ,,&        
,,actual ,,relations ,,( ,,a!na ,,to ,,!
 ,,vital ,,=ce ,,9 ,,mat]ial ,,organism 
#ea4  ,x has be5 easy to deciph]        
approximately ! ,greek conception (  !  
physical p[] ( ,a!na 9 cl\d & sky1      
because we "k ourselves  :at cl\ds &    
skies are1 & :at ! =ce ( ! w9d is 9 =m+ 
!m4  ,b x is n at all easy to trace !   
,greek ?\ghts ab\t !  p[] ( ,a!na 9 giv+
 life1 because we d n ourselves "k      
cle>ly  :at life is1 or 9 :at way ! air 
is necess>y to x1 or :at !re  is1       
besides ! air1 %ap+ ! =ms t x is put    
into4  ,& x is  comp>atively ( small    
consequ5ce to f9d out :at ! ,greeks     
?\ght  or meant1 until we h det]m9$ :at 

we ourselves ?9k1 or mean1 :5  we       
translate ! ,greek ^w = brea?+ into !   
,lat9-,engli% ^w  _s4    #eb4  ,b x is (
 great consequ5ce t y %\ld fix 9 y\r    
m9ds--  & hold1 aga9/ ! bas5ess ( m]e   
mat]ialism on ! "o h&1 &  aga9/ !       
fallacies ( controv]sial speculation on 
! o!r--!  c]ta9 & practical s5se ( ?is  
^w _s2 ! s5se 9 :i* y  all "k t its     
reality exi/s1 z ! p[] :i* %ap$ y into  
y\r  %ape1 & by :i* y love & hate :5 y h
 receiv$ t %ape4  ,y ne$ n fe>1 on ! "o 
h&1 t ei!r ! sculptur+ or !  lov+ p[] c 
ev] be beat5 d[n by ! philosoph]s into a
 metal1 or  evolv$ by !m into a gas2 b  
on ! o!r h&1 take c>e t y  y\rself1 9   
try+ to elevate y\r conception ( x1 d n 
lose its  tru? 9 a dream1 or ev5 9 a ^w4
  ,bew>e always ( cont5d+ =  words3 y w 
f9d !m n easy to grasp1 if y "k !m 9    
sev]al  languages4  ,?is v ^w1 :i* is s 
solemn 9 y\r m\?s1 is "o (  ! mo/       
d\btful4  ,9 ,lat9 x means little m ?an 
brea?+1 & may  mean m]ely acc5t2 9 ,fr5*
 x is n brea?1 b wit1 & our  neighbors  

are !re=e oblig$1 ev5 9 _! mo/ solemn   
expressions1  to say wit :5 we say gho/4
  ,9 ,greek1 pneuma1 ! ^w we  translate 
gho/1 means ei!r w9d or brea?1 & !      
relative ^w  psy*e has1 p]haps1 a m     
subtle p[]2 yet ,/4 ,paul's words       
pneumatic body & psy*ic body involve a  
diff]5ce 9 8 m9d  :i* no words w expla94
  ,b 9 ,greek & 9 ,engli%1 & 9 ,saxon  &
 9 ,hebrew1 & 9 e articulate tongue (   
humanity ! _s (  man truly means 8      
passion & virtue1 & is /ately accord+ to
 !  height ( 8 conception1 & /able      
accord+ to ! measure ( 8  endurance4    
#ec4 ,endurance1 or pati5ce1 t is !     
c5tral sign ( _s2 a  con/ancy aga9/ !   
cold & agony ( dea?2 & z1 physically1 x 
is  by ! burn+ p[] ( ! air t ! heat ( ! 
fle% is su/a9$1  s ?is ,a!na1           
spiritually1 is ! que5 ( all gl[+       
virtue1 !  unconsum+ fire & inn] lamp ( 
life4  ,& ?us1 z ,heph/us is "l  ( !    
fire ( ! h&1 & ,apollo ( ! fire ( !     
bra91 s ,a!na  ( ! fire ( ! he>t2 & z   
,h]cules we>s = 8 *ief armor !  sk9 ( ! 

,nemean lion1 8 *ief enemy1 :om he slew2
 & ,apollo has  = 8 highe/ "n ! ,py?ian1
 f 8 *ief enemy1 ! ,py?on  sla92 s ,a!na
 be>s always on h] brea/ ! deadly face (
 h] *ief  enemy sla91 ! ,gorgonian cold1
 & v5om\s agony1 t turns liv+  m5 to    
/one4    #ed4  ,& s long z y h ! fire ( 
! he>t )9 y1 & "k  ! reality ( x1 y ne$ 
to be "u no al>m z to ! possibility  (  
its *emical or me*anical analysis4  ,!  
philosoph]s are v  humor\s 9 _! ec/asy (
 hope ab\t x2 b ! real int]e/ (  _!     
discov]ies 9 ?is direction is v small to
 humank9d4  ,x is  q true t ! tympanum (
 ! e> vibrates "u s\nd1 & t  ! surface (
 ! wat] 9 a dit* vibrates too2 b ! dit* 
he>s  no?+ = all t2 & my he>+ is /ill to
 me z bless$ a my/]y  z ev]1 & ! int]val
 betwe5 ! dit* & me q z great4  ,if  !  
trembl+ s\nd 9 my e>s 0 once ( !        
m>riage-bell :i* began  my happ9ess1 &  
is n[ ( ! pass+-bell :i* ends x1 !      
diff]5ce betwe5 ^? two s\nds to me _c be
 c\nt$ by ! numb]  ( concussions4  ,!re 
h be5 "s curi\s speculations lately z to

  ! conveyance ( m5tal consci\sness by  
bra9-waves4  ,:at does x  matt] h[ x is 
convey$8  ,! consci\sness itself is n a 
wave4  ,x  may be accompani$ "h or !re  
by any quantity ( quiv]s & %akes1  up or
 d[n1 ( any?+ y c f9d 9 ! univ]se t is  
%akable--  :at is t to me8  ,my fri5d is
 dead1 & my--accord+ to mod]n views     
--vibratory sorr[ is n "o :it less1 or  
less my/]i\s1 to me1 ?an  my old quiet  
"o4    #ee4  ,beyond1 & entirely        
unaffect$ by1 any que/ion+s ( ?is k9d1  
!re are1 !re=e1 two pla9 facts :i* we   
%\ld all "k3 fir/1  t !re is a p[] :i*  
gives _! sev]al %apes to ?+s1 or        
capacities ( feel+2 & t we c increase or
 de/roy bo? ( ^!  at our w4  ,by c>e &  
t5d]ness1 we c ext5d ! range ( lovely   
life 9 plants & animals2 by our neglect 
& cruelty1 we c arre/ x1  & br+ pe/il5ce
 9 its /ead4  ,aga91 by "r discipl9e we 
c  increase our /r5g? ( noble w &       
passion or de/roy bo?4  ,&  :e!r ^! two 
=ces are local conditions ( ! elem5ts 9 
:i*  !y appe>1 or are "p ( a great =ce 9

 ! univ]se1 out ( :i*  !y are tak51 & to
 :i* !y mu/ be re/or$1 is n ( !         
slighte/ importance to u 9 deal+ ) !m2  
nei!r is ! mann]  ( _! connection )     
light & air4  ,:at precise mean+ we     
ought to  atta* to expressions su* z t (
 ! prophecy to ! f\r w9ds t  ! dry bones
 might be brea!d ^u1 & might live1 or :y
 ! pres5ce  ( ! vital p[] %\ld be       
dep5d5t on ! *emical action ( air1 &    
its awful pass+ away mat]ially signifi$ 
by ! r5d]+ up ( t  brea? or gho/1 we _c 
at pres5t "k1 & ne$ n at any "t         
dispute4  ,:at we assur$ly "k is t !    
/ates ( life & dea? are  diff]5t1 & !   
fir/ m desirable ?an ! o!r1 & by ef=t   
atta9able1 :e!r we und]/& be+ born ( !  
_s to signify  hav+ ! brea? ( heav5 9   
our fle%1 or its p[] 9 our he>ts4       
#ef4  ,z to its p[] on ! body1 ,i w     
endeavor to tell y1 hav+  be5 myself mu*
 l$ into /udies involv+ necess>y ref]5ce
 bo? to  natural sci5ce & m5tal ph5om5a1
 :at1 at lea/1 rema9s to u aft]  sci5ce 
has done its wor/2 :at ! my? ( ,a!na1 z 

a =mative &  decisive p[]1 a _s (       
creation & volition1 mu/ et]nally mean  
= all ( u4    #eg4  ,x is n[ 7,i believe
 ,i may use ! /rong ^w7 asc]ta9$ t  heat
 & motion are fix$ 9 quantity1 &        
measurable 9 ! portions  t we deal )4   
,we c measure portions ( p[]1 z we c    
measure  portions ( space2 :ile yet1 z  
f> z we "k1 space may be inf9ite1  & =ce
 inf9ite4  ,!re may be heat z mu* great]
 ?an ! sun's1 z  ! sun's heat is great] 
?an a c&le's3 & =ce z mu* great] ?an  ! 
=ce by :i* ! _w sw+s1 z t is great] ?an 
! =ce by  :i* a cobweb trembles4  ,n[1  
on he> & =ce1 life is insep>ably        
dep5d5t2 & ,i believe1 also1 on a =m (  
sub/ance1 :i* !  philosoph]s call       
protoplasm4  ,i wi% !y w\ld use ,engli% 
in/ead (  ,greek words4  ,:5 ,i want to 
"k :y a leaf is gre51 !y tell me x is   
color$ by *lorophyll1 :i* at fir/ s\nds 
v in/ructive2 b if  !y w\ld only say    
pla9ly t a leaf is color$ gre5 by a ?+  
:i*  is call$ gre5 leaf1 we %\ld see m  
precisely h[ f> we _h got4  ,h[ev]1 x is

 a curi\s fact t life is connect$ ) a   
cellul>  /ructure call$ protoplasm1 or 9
 ,engli%1 fir/ /uck toge!r2  :5ce1      
conceivably ?r\gh deut]oplasms1 or      
second /ick+s1 &  tritoplasms1 or ?ird  
/ick+s199 we rea* ! highe/ pla/ic phase 
9  ! human pott]y1 :i* diff]s f common  
*9aw>e1 prim>ily1 by a  measurable      
degree ( heat1 develop$ 9 brea?+1 :i* x 
borr[s f  ! re/ ( ! univ]se :ile x      
lives1 & :i* x z c]ta9ly  returns to !  
re/ ( ! univ]se1 :5 x dies4    #eh4     
,aga91 ) ?is heat c]ta9 assimilative    
p[]s are connect$1  :i* ! t5d5cy ( rec5t
 discov]y is to simplify m & m into     
modes ( "o =ce2 or f9ally into m]e      
motion1 communicable 9 v>i\s  /ates1 b n
 de/ructible4  ,we w assume t sci5ce has
 done its  utmo/2 & t e *emical or      
animal =ce is demon/rably  resolvable   
into heat or motion1 reciprocally *ang+ 
into ea* o!r4  ,i w\ld myself l bett]1 9
 ord] ( ?\ght1 to consid] motion z a    
mode ( heat ?an heat z a mode ( motion2 
/ill1 grant+ t we h  got ?us f>1 we h   

yet to ask1 ,:at is heat8 or :at is     
motion8  ,:at  is ?is primo mobile1 ?is 
transitional p[]1 9 :i* all ?+s  live1 &
 move1 & h _! be+8  ,x is by def9ition  
some?+  diff]5t f matt]1 & we may call x
 z we *oose1 fir/ cause1 or  fir/ light1
 or fir/ heat2 b we c %[ no sci5tific   
pro( (  its n be+ p]sonal1 & co9cid+ ) !
 ord9>y conception ( a  support+ _s 9   
all ?+s4    #ei4  ,/ill1 x is n         
advisable to apply ! ^w _s or brea?+  to
 x1 :ile x is only en=c+ *emical        
aff9ities2 b1 :5 !  *emical aff9ities   
are br\ght "u ! influ5ce ( ! air1 & (  !
 sun's heat1 ! =mative =ce ent]s &      
entirely diff]5t phase4  ,x does n n[   
m]ely cry/allize indef9ite masses1 b x  
gives to  limit$ portions ( matt] ! p[] 
( ga!r+1 selectively1 o!r  elem5ts prop]
 to !m1 & b9d+ ^? elem5ts into _! own   
peculi> & adopt$ =m4    ,?is =ce1 n[    
prop]ly call$ life1 or brea?+1 or _s1 is
  cont9ually creat+ its own %ell (      
def9ite %ape out ( ! wreck  ar\nd x2 &  
?is is :at ,i meant by say+1 9 ! ,e?ics 

( !  ,du/1 y may always /& by =m aga9/  
=ce4  ,= ! m]e =ce  ( junction is n _s2 
b ! p[] t cat*es out ( *aos  *>coal1    
wat]1 lime1 or :at n1 & fa/5s !m d[n    
into a giv5  =m1 is prop]ly call$ _s2 & 
we %all n dim9i%1 b  /r5g!n our         
conception ( ?is creative en]gy by      
recogniz+ its  pres5ce 9 l[] /ates (    
matt] ?an our own2 su* recognition be+  
en=c$ ^u u by delight we in/9ctively    
receive f all ! =ms  ( matt] :i* manife/
 x2 & yet m1 by ! glorify+ ( ^?  =ms1 9 
! p>ts ( !m t are mo/ animat$1 ) !      
colors t  are pleasante/ to our s5ses4  
,! mo/ famili> in/ance ( ?is is !  be/1 
& also ! mo/ wond]ful3 ! blossom+ (     
plants4    #fj4  ,! _s 9 ! plant--t is  
to say1 its p[] ( ga!r+ dead  matt] out 
( ! wreck r\nd x1 & %ap+ x into its own 
*os5  %ape--is ( c\rse /ronge/ at !     
mom5t ( its fl[]+1 = x !n  n only ga!rs1
 b =ms1 ) ! greate/ en]gy4    ,& :]e ?is
 life is 9 at full p[]1 its =m becomes  
inve/$ )  aspects t are *iefly          
delightful to our own human passions2   

namely1 at  fir/1 ) ! lovelie/ outl9es (
 %ape2 &1 secondly1 ) ! mo/  brilliant  
phases ( ! prim>y colors1 blue1 yell[1 &
 r$ or :ite1  ! unison ( all2 &1 to make
 x all m /range1 ?is "t (  peculi> &    
p]fect glory is associat$ ) relations ( 
! plants or  blossoms to ea* o!r1       
correspond5t to ! joy ( love 9 human    
creatures1 & hav+ ! same object 9 !     
cont9uance ( ! race4  ,only1 ) respect  
to plants1 z animals1 we are wrong 9    
speak+ z if  ! object ( ?is /rong life 7
 only ! bequea?+ ( itself4  ,!  fl[] is 
! end or prop] object ( ! se$1 n ! se$ (
 !  fl[]4  ,! reason = se$s is t fl[]s  
may be2 n ! reason (  fl[]s t se$s may  
be4  ,! fl[] itself is ! creature :i* ! 
_s makes2 only1 9 connection ) its      
p]fectness is plac$ !  giv+ bir? to its 
successor4    #fa4  ,! ma9 fact !n1 ab\t
 a fl[] is t x is "p ( ! plant's  =m    
develop$ at ! mom5t ( its int5se/ life2 
& ?is inn]  rapture is usually m>k$     
ext]nally = u by ! flu% ( "o or m  ( !  
prim>y colors4  ,:at ! "* ( ! fl[] %all 

be1  dep5ds entirely ^u ! portion ( !   
plant into :i* ?is rapture (  _s has be5
 put4  ,sometimes ! life is put into its
 out] %ea?1  & !n ! out] %ea? becomes   
:ite & pure1 & full ( /r5g?  & grace2   
sometimes ! life is put into ! common   
leaves1 j "u  ! blossom1 & !y become    
sc>let or purple2 sometimes ! life is   
put  into ! /alks ( ! fl[] & !y flu%    
blue2 sometimes into its  out] enclosure
 or calyx2 mo/ly into its inn] cup2 b1 9
 all cases1  ! pres5ce ( ! /ronge/ life 
is ass]t$ by *>act]s 9 :i* !  human     
sight takes pleasure1 & :i* seem prep>$ 
) di/9ct  ref]5ce to u1 or r1 be>1 9 be+
 delightful1 evid5ce ( hav+  be5 produc$
 by ! p[] ( ! same _s z our own4    #fb4
  ,& we are l$ to feel ?is /ill m       
/rongly because all !  di/9ctions (     
species199 bo? 9 plants & animals1 appe>
 to h  simil> connection ) human "*4    
,:atev] ! orig9 ( species  may be1 or   
h[ev] ^? species1 once =m$1 may be      
influ5c$ by  ext]nal accid5t1 ! gr\ps   
into :i* bir? or accid5t r$uce !m  h    

di/9ct relation to ! _s ( man4  ,x is   
p]fectly possible1  & ultimately        
conceivable1 t ! crocodile & ! lamb may 
h  desc5d$ f ! same ance/ral atom (     
protoplasm2 & t !  physical laws ( !    
op]ation ( calc>e\s slime & ( mead[     
grass1  on t protoplasm1 may 9 "t h     
develop$ ! opposite natures &  aspects (
 ! liv+ frames b ! practically important
 fact = u  is ! exi/5ce ( a p[] :i*     
creates t calc>e\s e>? itself1  --:i*   
creates1 t sep>ately--& qu>tz1          
sep>ately2 & gold1  sep>ately2 & *>coal1
 sep>ately2 & !n s directs ! relation  (
 ^! elem5ts z t ! gold %all de/roy !    
s\ls ( m5 by  be+ yell[2 & ! *>coal     
de/roy _! s\ls by be+ h>d &  bright2 & !
 qu>tz repres5t to !m an ideal purity2 &
 !  calc>e\s e>?1 s(t1 %all beget       
crocodiles1 & dry & h>d1 %eep2  & t !   
aspects & qualities ( ^! two products1  
crocodiles &  lambs1 %all be1 ! "o      
repellant to ! _s ( man1 ! o!r          
attractive to x1 9 a q inevitable way2  
repres5t+ to him /ates  ( moral evil &  

good2 & becom+ my?s to him ( de/ruction 
or  r$emption1 &1 9 ! mo/ lit]al s5se1  
words ( ,god4      99 ,! facts on :i* ,i
 am ab\t to dwell are 9 n[ise           
antagoni/ic to  ! !ories :i* ,mr4       
,d>w9's unwe>i$ & un]r+ inve/igations   
are  e day r5d]+ m probable4  ,! /hetic 
relations ( species are  indep5d5t ( _! 
orig94  ,nev]!less1 x has always seem$  
to me  9 :at little "w ,i h done ^u     
organic =ms1 z if ! species  mock$ u by 
_! delib]ate imitation ( ea* o!r :5 !y  
met2 yet  did n pass "o into ano!r4     
#fc4  ,& ! =ce ( ^! facts _c be escap$ f
 by ! ?\ght  t !re are species          
innum]able1 pass+ into ea* o!r by regul>
  gradations1 out ( :i* we *oose :at we 
mu/ love or dread1 & say  !y 7 inde$    
prep>$ = u4  ,species are n innum]able2 
nei!r  are !y n[ connect$ by consi/5t   
gradation4  ,!y t\* at c]ta9  po9ts     
only2 & ev5 !n are connect$1 :5 we      
exam9e !m deeply1  9 a k9d ( reticulat$ 
way1 n 9 *a9s1 b 9 *equ]s2 also1  h[ev] 
connect$1 x is b by a t\* ( !           

extremities1 z x 71  & ! *>act]i/ic =m (
 ! species is entirely individual4  ,!  
rose ne>ly s9ks into a grass 9 !        
sanguisorba2 b ! =mative  _s does n !   
less cle>ly sep>ate ! e> ( :eat f !     
dog-rose1 & oscillate ) tremul\s        
con/ancy r\nd ! c5tral =ms  ( bo?1 hav+ 
ea* _! due relation to ! m9d ( man4  ,! 
great  animal k+doms are connect$ 9 !   
same way4  ,! bird ?r\gh !  p5gu9 drops 
t[>ds ! fi%1 & ! fi% 9 ! cetacean       
reasc5ds  to ! mammal1 yet !re is no    
confusion ( ?\ght possible betwe5 !     
p]fect =ms ( an eagle1 a tr\t1 & a      
w>-horse1 9 _! relations  to ! elem5ts1 
& to man4    #fd4  ,n[ we h two ord]s ( 
animals to take "s note ( 9 connection  
) ,a!na1 & "o va/ ord] ( plants1 :i* w  
illu/rate ?is  matt] v suffici5tly = u4 
,! ord]s ( animals are ! s]p5t & ! bird3
 ! s]p5t1 9 :i*  ! brea? or _s is less  
?an 9 any o!r creature1 & !  e>?-p[] !  
greate/2 ! bird1 9 :i* ! brea? or _s is 
m  full ?an 9 any o!r creature1 & !     
e>?-p[] lea/4    #fe4  ,we w take ! bird

 fir/4  ,x is little m ?an a drift ( !  
air 9 all its quills1 x brea!s ?r\gh its
 :ole frame & fle% &  gl[s ) air 9 its  
fly+1 l bl[n flames2 x re/s ^u ! air1   
subdues x1 surpasses x1 outraces x1--is 
! air1 consci\s ( itself1  conqu]+      
itself1 rul+ itself4    ,also1 9 ! ?roat
 ( ! bird is giv5 ! voice ( ! air4  ,all
 t  9 ! w9d itself is weak1 wild1       
useless 9 sweetness1 is knit toge!r  9  
its song4  ,z we may imag9e ! wild =m ( 
! bird's w+s1 s !  wild voice ( ! cl\d  
into its ord]$ & comm&$ voice2 unwe>i$1 
rippl+ ?r\gh ! cle> heav5 9 its         
gladness1 int]pret+ all  int5se passion 
?r\gh ! s(t spr+ nights1 bur/+ into     
acclaim &  rapture ( *oir at daybreak1  
or lisp+ & twitt]+ among ! b\ghs  &     
h$ges ?r\gh heat ( day1 l little w9ds t 
only make !  c[slip bells %ake1 & ruffle
 ! petals ( ! wild rose4    #ff4  ,also1
 ^u ! plumes ( ! bird are put ! colors (
 ! air2 on  ^! ! gold ( ! cl\d1 t _c be 
ga!r$ by any covet\sness2  ! rubies ( ! 
cl\ds1 t are n ! price ( ,a!na1 b are   

,a!na2 ! v]million ( ! cl\d-b>1 & !     
flame ( !  cl\d-cre/1 & ! sn[ ( ! cl\d1 
& its %ad[1 & ! melt$  blue ( ! deep    
wells ( ! sky1--all ^!1 seiz$ by !      
creat+  _s1 & wov5 by ,a!na h]self into 
films & ?reads ( plume2 )  wave on wave 
foll[+ & fad+ along brea/1 & ?roat1 &   
op5$  w+s1 inf9ite z ! divid+ ( ! foam &
 ! sift+ ( !  sea-s&2 ev5 ! :ite d[n ( !
 cl\d seem+ to flutt] up betwe5  !      
/rong] plumes1--se51 b too s(t = t\*4   
,& s ! ,_s ( ! ,air is put into1 & ^u1  
?is creat$ =m2  & x becomes1 ?r\gh tw5ty
 c5turies1 ! symbol ( div9e help1       
desc5d+1 z ! ,fire1 to speak b z !      
,dove1 to bless4    #fg4  ,next1 9 !    
s]p5t we approa* ! s\rce ( a gr\p (     
my?s1  _w-wide1 f\nd$ on great & common 
human in/9cts1 respect+ :i*  ,i mu/ note
 "o or two po9ts :i* be> intimately on  
all our subject4  ,= x seems to me t !  
s*ol>s :o are at pres5t occupi$ 9       
int]pretation ( human my?s h mo/ ( !m   
=gott5 t !re are  any su* ?+ z natural  
my?s1 & t ! d>k say+s ( m5 may be  bo?  

difficult to read1 & n always wor?      
read+4  ,&1 inde$1 all  guidance to ! "r
 s5se ( ! human & v>iable my?s w        
probably  dep5d on our fir/ gett+ at !  
s5se ( ! natural & inv>iable  ones4  ,! 
dead hi]oglyph may h meant ?is or t2 !  
liv+  hi]oglyph means always ! same2 b  
rememb]1 x is j z mu* a  hi]oglyph z !  
o!r2 nay1 m1--a sacr$ or res]v$         
sculpture1 a  ?+ ) an inn] language4  ,!
 s]p5t cre/ ( ! k+'s cr[n1 or  ( !      
god's1 on ! pill>s ( ,egypt1 is a my/]y1
 b ! s]p5t  itself1 glid+ pa/ ! pill>'s 
foot1 is x less a my/]y8  ,is !re1      
inde$1 no tongue1 except ! mute =k$ fla%
 f its lips1 9 t  runn+ brook ( horror  
on ! gr\nd8    #fh4  ,:y t horror8  ,we 
all feel x1 yet h[ imag9ative x is1 h[  
disproportion$ to ! real /r5g? ( !      
creature6  ,!re is m  poison 9 an       
ill-kept dra91 9 a pool ( di%-wa%+ at a 
cottage door1  ?an 9 ! deadlie/ asp (   
,nile4  ,e back y>d :i* y look d[n  into
 f ! railway z x c>ries y out by        
,vauxhall or ,dept=d1  holds its coil$  

s]p5t2 all ! walls ( ^? gha/ly suburbs  
are  enclosures ( tank temples = s]p5t  
wor%ip2 yet y feel no horror 9  look+   
d[n into !m z y w\ld if y saw ! livid   
scales1 &  lift$ head4  ,!re is m v5om1 
mortal1 inevitable1 9 a s+le ^w1        
sometimes1 or 9 ! glid+ entrance ( a    
wordless ?\ght ?an ev]  vanti ,libia con
 sua r5a4  ,b t horror is ( ! my?1 n ( !
  creature4  ,!re are myriads l[] ?an   
?is1 & m loa?some1 9 !  scale ( be+2 !  
l9ks betwe5 dead matt] & animation drift
  ev]y:]e unse54  ,b x is ! /r5g? ( !   
base elem5t t is s  dreadful 9 ! s]p5t2 
x is ! v omnipot5ce ( ! e>?4  ,t        
rivulet ( smoo? silv]1 h[ does x fl[1   
?9k y8  ,x lit]ally r[s  on ! e>?1 ) e  
scale = an o>2 x bites ! du/ ) !  ridges
 ( its body4  ,wat* x1 :5 x moves sl[ly4
  ,a wave1 b )\t  w9d6 a curr5t1 b ) no 
fall6 all ! body mov+ at ! same  in/ant1
 yet "s ( x to "o side1 "s to ano!r1 or 
"s =w>d1  & ! re/ ( ! coil backw>ds1 b  
all ) ! same calm w &  equal way1 no    
contraction1 no ext5sion2 "o s\ndless1  

causeless1 m>*  ( sequ5t r+s1 & spectral
 processions ( spott$ du/1 )            
dissolution 9 its fangs1 dislocation 9  
its coils4  ,/>tle x1 !  w9d+ /ream w   
become a twi/$ arr[2 ! wave ( poison$   
life  w la% ?r\gh ! grass l a ca/       
lance499  ,x sc>cely brea!s  ) its "o   
lung 7! o!r %rivel$ & abortive72 x is   
passive  to ! sun & %ade1 & is cold or  
hot l a /one2 yet x c  outclimb !       
monkey1 outswim ! fi%1 outleap ! zebra1 
outwre/le !  a?lete1 & cru% ! tig]49999 
,x is a div9e hi]oglyph ( !  demoniac   
p[] ( ! e>?1 ( ! entire e>?ly nature4   
,z ! bird  is ! clo!d p[] ( ! air1 s ?is
 is ! clo!d p[] ( !  du/2 z ! bird is ! 
symbol ( ! _s ( life1 s ?is is !  grasp 
& /+ ( dea?4      99 ,i _c und]/& ?is   
swift =w>d motion ( s]p5ts4  ,! seizure 
( prey by ! con/rictor1 ?\gh invisibly  
swift1 is q simple 9  me*anism2 x is    
simply ! return to its coil ( an op5$   
wat*-spr+1  & is j z in/antane\s4  ,b ! 
/eady & cont9u\s motion1  )\t a visible 
fulcrum 7= ! :ole body moves at ! same  

in/ant1  & ,i h (t5 se5 ev5 small snakes
 glide z fa/ z ,i c\ld walk71  seems to 
involve a vibration ( ! scales q too    
rapid to be  conceiv$4  ,! motion ( !   
cre/ & dorsal f9 ( ! hippocampus1  :i*  
is "o ( ! int]m$iate types betwe5 s]p5t 
& fi%1 p]haps  gives "s resemblance ( x1
 dimly visible1 = ! quiv]+ turns !  f9  
into a m]e mi/4  ,! entrance ( ! two    
b>bs ( a bee's /+ by  alt]nate motion1 !
 tee? ( "o b>b act+ z a fulcrum = !     
o!r1 mu/ be some?+ l ! s]p5t motion on a
 small scale4  9999 ,ri*>d ,ow54        
#fi4  ,h5ce ! cont9ual *ange 9 !        
int]pretation put ^u x 9  v>i\s         
religions4  ,z ! worm ( corruption1 x is
 ! mightie/ ( all  adv]s>ies ( ! gods--!
 special adv]s>y ( _! light &  creative 
p[]--,py?on aga9/ ,apollo4  ,z ! p[] ( !
 e>? aga9/  ! air1 ! giants are         
s]p5t-bodi$ 9 ! ,gigantoma*ia2 b z !    
p[] ( ! e>? ^u ! se$--consum+ x into new
 life 7t :i*  ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$      
except x die7--s]p5ts su/a9 !  *>iot ( !
 _s ( agriculture4    #gj4  ,yet on !   

o!r h&1 !re is a p[] 9 ! e>? to take    
away  corruption1 & to purify 7h5ce ! v 
fact ( burial1 & _m uses  ( e>?1 only   
lately kn[n73 & 9 ?is s5se ! s]p5t is a 
heal+  _s1--! repres5tative ( sculapius1
 & ( ,hygieia2 & is a  sacr$ e>?-type 9 
! temple ( ! native e>? ( ,a!ns2 s t    
its dep>ture f ! temple 0 a sign to !   
,a!nians t !y 7  to leave _! homes4  ,& 
!n1 la/ly1 z !re is a /r5g? &  heal+ 9 !
 e>?1 no less ?an ! /r5g? ( air1 s !re  
is  conceiv$ to be a wisdom ( e>? no    
less ?an a wisdom ( ! _s2  & :5 its     
deadly p[] is kill$1 its guid+ p[]      
becomes true2 s  t ! ,py?on s]p5t is    
kill$ at ,delphi1 :]e yet ! oracle is f 
! brea? ( ! e>?4    #ga4  ,y mu/        
rememb]1 h[ev]1 t 9 ?is1 z 9 e o!r      
in/ance1 ,i take ! my? at its c5tral "t4
  ,?is is only ! mean+  ( ! s]p5t to !  
,greek m9d :i* c\ld conceive an ,a!na4  
,its  fir/ mean+ to ! nasc5t eyes ( m51 
& its cont9u$ influ5ce  ov] degrad$     
races1 are subjects ( ! mo/ fe>ful      
my/]y4  ,mr4  ,f]gusson has j collect$ !

 pr9cipal evid5ce be>+ on ! matt]  9 a  
"w ( v great value1 & if y read 8 op5+  
*apt]s1 !y  w put  y 9 possession ( !   
circum/ances ne$+ *iefly to be          
consid]$4  ,i _c t\* ^u any ( !m "h1    
except only to po9t  out t1 ?\gh !      
doctr9e ( ! s-call$ corruption ( human  
nature1 ass]t+ t !re is no?+ b evil 9   
humanity1 is j  z blasphem\s & false z a
 doctr9e ( ! corruption ( physical      
nature w\ld be1 ass]t+ !re 0 no?+ b evil
 9 ! e>?1--  !re is yet ! cle>e/ evid5ce
 ( a disease1 plague1 or cret9\s        
imp]fection ( developm5t1 hi!rto all[$  
to prevail aga9/ !  great] "p ( ! races 
( m52 & ?is 9 mon/r\s ways1 m full  (   
my/]y ?an ! s]p5t-be+ itself4  ,i h     
ga!r$ = y  tonight only in/ances ( :at  
is beautiful 9 ,greek religion2 b ev5  9
 its be/ "t !re 7 deep corruptions 9 o!r
 phases ( x1 &  degrad$ =ms ( _m ( its  
deities1 all orig9at+ 9 a misund]/ood   
wor%ip ( l[] races1 little less ?an ^!  
corrupt$ =ms (  devotion c be f\nd1 all 
hav+ a /range & dreadful consi/5cy )    

ea* o!r1 & infect+ ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 at  
its /ronge/ p]iods1  ) fatal t]ror (    
doctr9e1 & gha/l9ess ( symbolic         
conception1  pass+ ?r\gh fe> into fr5zi$
 grotesque1 & !nce into s5suality4    ,9
 ! ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,l\is itself1 half (   
its lett]s are twi/$  snakes2 !re is    
sc>cely a wrea!d ornam5t1 employ$ 9     
,*ri/ian  dress1 or ar*itecture1 :i* _c 
be trac$ back to ! s]p5t's  coil2 & !re 
is r>ely a piece ( monki% decorat$ writ+
 9 !  _w t is n ta9t$ ) "s ill-meant    
vil5ess ( grotesque1--  nay1 ! v leaves 
( ! twi/$ ivy-patt]n ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 
c be foll[$ back to wrea?s = ! =eheads (
 bac*analian gods4  ,& truly1 x seems to
 me1 z ,i ga!r 9 my m9d ! evid5ces (    
insane  religion1 degrad$ art1 m]ciless 
w>1 sull5 toil1 dete/able pleasure1  &  
va9 or vile hope1 9 :i* ! nations ( ! _w
 h liv$ s9ce  fir/ !y c\ld be> record ( 
!mselves--x seems to me1 ,i say1 z if  !
 race itself 7 /ill half-s]p5t1 n       
extricat$ yet f its  clay2 a lac]t9e    
bre$ ( bitt]ness--! glory ( x emaciate )

  cruel hung]1 & blott$ on ! leaf a     
glitt]+ slime1 & 9 ! s&  a useless      
furr[4    #gb4  ,!re are no my?s1 !re=e1
 by :i* ! moral /ate & f95ess  (        
intellig5ce ( diff]5t races c be s      
deeply tri$ or measur$1 z  by ^? ( !    
s]p5t & ! bird2 bo? ( !m hav+ an        
especial  relation to ! k9d ( remorse = 
s91 or = ! grief 9 fate1 (  :i* !       
national m9ds t spoke by !m _h be5      
capable4  ,!  s]p5t & vulture are alike 
emblems ( immortality & purification    
among races :i* desir$ to be immortal & 
pure2 & z !y recognize  _! own mis]y1 ! 
s]p5t becomes to !m ! sc\rge ( !        
,furies1  & ! vulture f9ds its et]nal   
prey 9 _! brea/4  ,! bird long  conte/s 
among ! ,egyptians ) ! /ill receiv$     
s]p5t symbol (  p[]4  ,b ! ,draconian   
image ( evil is e/abli%$ 9 ! s]p5t      
,apap2 :ile ! bird's w+s1 ) ! globe1    
become "p ( a bett]  symbol ( deity1 & !
 entire =m ( ! vulture1 z an emblem (   
purification1 is associat$ ) ! e>lie/   
conception ( ,a!na4  ,9  ! type ( ! dove

 ) ! olive bran*1 ! conception ( ! _s  (
 ,a!na 9 r5ew$ life prevail+ ov] ru9 is 
embodi$ = ! :ole  ( futurity2 :ile !    
,greeks1 to :om1 9 a happi] climate &   
high]  life ?an t ( ,egypt1 ! vulture   
symbol ( cleans+ became  un9telligible1 
took ! eagle in/ead = _! hi]oglyph (    
supreme  spiritual en]gy1 & x !nce=w>d  
reta9s its hold on ! human  imag9ation1 
till x is e/abli%$ among ,*ri/ian my?s z
 !  expression ( ! mo/ exalt$ =m (      
evangeli/ic tea*+4  ,!  special relation
 ( ,a!na to h] favorite bird we w trace 
pres5tly2  ! peacock ( ,h]a1 & dove (   
,aphrodite1 are comp>atively unimportant
  my?s2 b ! bird p[] is soon made       
entirely human by ! ,greeks 9  _! fly+  
angel ( victory 7p>tially human1 )      
modifi$ mean+ (  evil1 9 ! ,h>py &      
,sir572 & !nce=w>d x associates itself  
) ! ,hebrew *]ubim1 & has _h ! mo/ s+ul>
 influ5ce on !  ,*ri/ian religion by    
giv+ its w+s to r5d] ! conception (     
angels  my/]i\s & unt5able1 & *eck      
rational endeavor to det]m9e !  nature (

 subord9ate spiritual ag5cy2 :ile yet x 
has giv5 to t  ag5cy a vague poetical   
influ5ce ( ! highe/ value 9 its own     
imag9ative way4    #gc4  ,b ) ! e>ly    
s]p5t-wor%ip !re 0 associat$ ano!r1  t (
 ! groves1 ( :i* y w also f9d ! evid5ce 
exhau/ively  collect$ 9 ,mr4 ,f]guss5's 
"w4  ,?is tree-wor%ip may h tak5 a  d>k 
=m :5 associat$ ) ! ,draconian "o2 or   
oppos$1 z 9  ,judea1 to a pur] fai?2 b 9
 itself1 ,i believe1 x 0 always heal?y1 
& ?\gh x reta9s little def9ite          
hi]oglyphic p[] 9 subsequ5t  religion1 x
 becomes1 in/ead ( symbolic1 real2 !    
fl[]s & trees  are !mselves beheld &    
belov$ ) a half-wor%ipp+ delight1 :i*   
is always noble & heal?ful4    ,& x is  
among ! mo/ notable indications ( !     
volition ( !  animat+ p[] t we f9d !    
e?ical signs ( good & evil set on  ^!   
also1 z well z ^u animals2 ! v5om ( !   
s]p5t1 & 9  "s respects its image also1 
be+ associat$ ev5 ) ! passionless  gr[? 
( ! leaf out ( ! gr\nd2 :ile !          
di/9ctions ( species  seem appo9t$ ) m  

def9ite e?ical address to ! intellig5ce 
(  man z _! mat]ial products become m   
useful to him4    #gd4  ,i c easily %[  
?is1 &1 at ! same "t1 make cle> !       
relation to o!r plants ( ! fl[]s :i*    
especially belong to  ,a!na1 by exam9+ !
 natural my?s 9 ! gr\ps ( ! plants :i*  
w\ld be us$ at any c\ntry d9n]1 ov] :i* 
,a!na w\ld1 9 h]  simple/ h\sehold      
au?ority1 *e]fully rule "h 9 ,engl&4    
,suppose  ,horace's favorite di% (      
beans1 ) ! bacon2 potatoes2 "s savory   
/uff+ ( onions & h]bs1 ) ! meat2 cel]y1 
& a radi% or  two1 ) ! *eese2 nuts &    
apples = des]t1 & br[n bread4    #ge4   
,! beans are1 f e>lie/ "t1 ! mo/        
important &  int]e/+ ( ! se$s ( ! great 
tribe ( plants f :i* came !  ,lat9 &    
,fr5* "n = all kit*5 vegetables1--?+s t 
are  ga!r$ ) ! h&--podd$ se$s t _c be   
reap$1 or beat51 or  %ak5 d[n1 b mu/ be 
ga!r$ gre54  ,legum9\s plants1 all (  !m
 hav+ fl[]s l butt]flies1 se$s 9        
7frequ5tly p5d5t7 pods1  --ltum siliqua 
quassante legum5--smoo? & t5d] leaves1  

divid$  into _m m9or ones2 /range       
adjuncts ( t5dril1 = climb+ 7&          
sometimes ( ?orn72 exquisitely sweet1   
yet pure sc5ts ( blossom1 &  almo/      
always h>mless1 if n s]viceable se$s4   
,x is ( all tribes  ( plants ! mo/      
def9ite1 its blossoms be+ entirely      
limit$ 9 _!  p>ts1 & n pass+ into o!r   
=ms4  ,x is also ! mo/ usefully  ext5d$ 
9 range & scale2 famili> 9 ! height ( ! 
=e/--  acacia1 laburnum1 ,judas-tree2   
famili> 9 ! s[n field--bean & vet*  &   
pea2 famili> 9 ! pa/ure--9 e =m ( clu/]$
 clov] &  sweet trefoil trac]y2 ! mo/   
entirely s]viceable & human ( all  ord]s
 ( plants4    #gf4  ,next1 9 ! potato1  
we h ! sc>cely innoc5t und]gr\nd /em  ( 
"o ( a tribe set aside = evil2 hav+ !   
deadly night%ade =  its que51 & includ+ 
! h5bane1 ! wit*'s m&rake1 & ! wor/     
natural curse ( mod]n                   
civilization--tobacco499  ,& ! /range ?+
  ab\t ?is tribe is1 t ?\gh ?us set     
aside = evil1 !y are n a  gr\p di/9ctly 
sep>ate f ^? t are happi] 9 function4   

,!re  is no?+ 9 o!r tribes ( plants l ! 
=m ( ! bean blossom2  b !re is ano!r    
family ( =ms & /ructure closely connect$
 )  ?is v5om\s "o4  ,exam9e ! purple &  
yell[ bloom ( ! common  h$ge night%ade2 
y w f9d x con/ruct$ exactly l "s ( !    
=ms ( ! cyclam52 &1 gett+ ?is clue1 y w 
f9d at la/ !  :ole poison\s & t]rible   
gr\p to be--si/]s ( ! primulas6      99 
,x is n easy to e/imate ! demoraliz+    
effect on ! y\? (  ,europe ( ! cig>1 9  
enabl+ !m to pass _! "t happily 9       
idl5ess4      ,! night%ades are1 9 fact1
 primroses ) a curse ^u !m2 & a  sign   
set 9 _! petals1 by :i* ! deadly &      
condemn$ fl[]s may  always be kn[n f !  
innoc5t ones1--t ! /am5s ( !  night%ades
 are betwe5 ! lobes1 & ( ! primulas1    
opposite !  lobes1 ( ! corolla4    #gg4 
,next1 side by side1 9 ! cel]y & radi%1 
y h ! two great  gr\ps ( unbell$ &      
crucif]\s plants2 alike 9 conditions (  
rank  among h]bs3 bo? fl[]+ 9 clu/]s2 b 
! unbell$ gr\p1 flat1  ! crucif]s1 9    
spires3 bo? ( !m mean & poor 9 !        

blossom1 &  los+ :at beauty !y h by too 
close cr[d+2 bo? ( !m hav+  ! mo/ curi\s
 influ5ce on human "* 9 ! temp]ate zones
 (  ! e>?1 f ! days ( ! p>sley cr[n1 &  
hemlock dr9k1 &  mock$ ,euripidean      
*]vil1 until n[2 b *iefly among ! nor!rn
  nations1 be+ especially plants t are (
 "s humble beauty1 & 7!  crucif]s7 (    
endless use1 :5 !y are *os5 & cultivat$2
 b t  run to wild wa/e1 & are ! signs ( 
neglect$ gr\nd1 9 _! rank  or ragg$     
leaves & meagre /alks1 & purs$ or podd$ 
se$ clu/]s4  ,capable1 ev5 "u           
cultivation1 ( no p]fect beauty1 ?\ght  
rea*+  "s subdu$ delightfulness 9 !     
lady's smock & ! wallfl[]2 =  ! mo/ "p  
!y h e floral quality meanly1 & 9       
va91--!y  are :ite )\t purity2 gold51   
)\t preci\sness2 r$undant1  )\t ri*ness2
 divid$1 )\t f95ess2 massive1 )\t /r5g?2
  & sl5d]1 )\t grace4  ,yet ?9k ov] t   
useful vulg>ity (  !irs2 & ( ! relations
 ( ,g]man & ,engli% peasant "* to  its  
food ( kraut & cabbage 7z ( ,arab "* to 
its food (  palm-fruit71 & y w beg9 to  

feel :at purposes ( ! =m+  _s are 9 ^!  
di/9ctions ( species4    #gh4  ,next we 
take ! nuts & apples1--! nuts repres5t+ 
"o ( !  gr\ps ( catk9$ trees1 ^:        
blossoms are only tufts & du/2 & !  o!r1
 ! rose tribe1 9 :i* fruit & fl[] alike 
h be5 !  types to ! highe/ races ( m51 (
 all passionate temptation1 or pure     
delight1 f ! covet+ ( ,eve to ! cr[+ ( !
 ,madonna1 above  !                ,rosa
 sempit]na1        ,*e si dilata1       
rigrada1 e ridole        ,odor di lode  
al ,sol4    ,we h no "t n[ = ^!1 we mu/ 
g on to ! humble/ gr\p (  all1 yet ! mo/
 wond]ful1 t ( ! grass :i* has giv5 u   
our  bread2 & f t we w g back to ! h]bs4
    #gi4  ,! va/ family ( plants :i*1 "u
 ra91 make ! e>? gre5  = man1 &1 "u     
sun%9e1 give him bread1 &1 9 _! spr++ 9 
! e>ly ye>1 mix$ ) _! native fl[]s1 h   
giv5 u 7f> m  ?an ! new leaves ( trees7 
! ?\ght & ^w ( spr+1 divide  !mselves   
broadly into ?ree great gr\ps--!        
grasses1 s$ges1 &  ru%es4  ,! grasses   
are ess5tially a clo?+ = heal?y & pure  

gr\nd1 wat]$ by occasional ra91 b 9     
itself dry1 & fit = all  cultivat$      
pa/ure & corn4  ,!y are di/9ctively     
plants ) r\nd  & jo9t$ /ems1 :i* h long 
gre5 flexible leaves1 & heads (  se$1   
indep5d5tly em]g+ f !m4  ,! s$ges are   
ess5tially !  clo?+ ( wa/e & m or less  
poor or uncultivat$ soils1 co>se 9  _!  
/ructure1 frequ5tly triangul> 9         
/em--h5ce call$ acute by  ,virgil--& )  
_! heads ( se$ n extricat$ f _! leaves4 
,n[1 9 bo? ! s$ges & grasses1 ! blossom 
has a common /ructure1  ?\gh undevelop$ 
9 ! s$ges1 b compos$ always ( gr\ps (   
d\ble  husks1 :i* h mo/ly a sp9\s       
process 9 ! c5tre1 sometimes  project+  
into a long awn or be>d2 ?is c5tral     
process be+  *>act]i/ic also ( ! ord9>y 
leaves ( mosses1 z if a moss 7  a k9d ( 
e> ( corn made p]man5tly gre5 on !      
gr\nd1 & ) a  new & di/9ct              
fructification4  ,b ! ru%es diff] :olly 
f !  s$ge & grass 9 _! blossom /ructure4
  ,x is n a dual clu/]1  b a twice      
?reefold "o1 s f> sep>ate f ! grasses1 &

 s  closely connect$ ) a high] ord] (   
plants1 t ,i ?9k y w  f9d x conv5i5t to 
gr\p ! ru%es at once ) t high] ord]1  to
 :i*1 if y w = ! pres5t let me give !   
g5]al "n (  ,drosid1 or dew-plants1 x w 
enable me to say :at ,i h to say (  !m  
mu* m %ortly & cle>ly4    #hj4  ,^!     
,drosid1 !n1 are plants delight+ 9      
int]rupt$ moi/ure--  or at c]ta9        
seasons--into dry gr\nd4  ,!y are n     
among wat]-plants1  b ! signs ( wat]    
re/+ among dry places4  ,_m ( ! true    
wat]-plants h triple blossoms1 ) a small
 triple calyx hold+  !m2 9 ! ,drosid !  
floral _s passes into ! calyx also1 &  !
 entire fl[] becomes a six-ray$ />1     
bur/+ out ( ! /em  lat]ally1 z if x 7 ! 
fir/ ( fl[]s & _h made its way to !     
light by =ce ?r\gh ! unwill+ gre54  ,!y 
are (t5 requir$ to  reta9 moi/ure or    
n\ri%m5t = ! future blossom ?r\gh long  
times  ( dr\ght2 & ?is !y d 9 bulbs "u  
gr\nd1 ( :i* "s become  a rude & simple1
 b mo/ :olesome1 food = man4    #ha4    
,s1 n[1 obs]ve1 y are to divide ! :ole  

family ( ! h]bs (  ! field into ?ree    
great gr\ps1--,drosid1 ,c>ices199       
,gram9e1--  dew-plants1 s$ges1 &        
grasses4  ,!n ! ,drosid are divid$ into 
five  great ord]s3 lilies1 asphodels1   
am>yllids1 irids1 & ru%es4  ,no  tribes 
( fl[]s h _h s great1 s v>i$1 or s      
heal?y an  influ5ce on man z ?is great  
gr\p ( ,drosid1 dep5d+1 n s mu*  on !   
:it5ess ( "s ( _! blossoms1 or !        
radiance ( o!rs1 z  on ! /r5g? &        
delicacy ( ! sub/ance ( _! petals2      
enabl+  !m to take =ms ( faultless      
ela/ic curvature1 ei!r 9 cups1 z !      
crocus1 or exp&+ bells1 z ! true lily1  
or hea?-l bells1 z !  hyac9?1 or bright 
& p]fect />s1 l ! /> ( ,be?lehem1 or1   
:5 !y are affect$ by ! /range reflex ( !
 s]p5t nature :i*  =ms ! labiate gr\p ( 
all fl[]s1 clos+ into =ms ( exquisitely 
fanta/ic symmetry 9 ! gladiolus4  ,put  
by _! side _! ,n]eid  si/]s1 !          
wat]-lilies1 & y h !m 9 ! orig9 ( !     
lovelie/ =ms ( ornam5tal design1 & ! mo/
 p[]ful floral my?s  yet recogniz$ among

 human spirits1 born by ! /reams (      
,ganges1 ,nile1  ,arno1 & ,avon4      99
 ,i ?9k ,c>ex w be f\nd ultimately bett]
 ?an ,cyp]us = !  g5]ic "n1 be+ !       
,v]gilian ^w1 & repres5t+ a l>g]        
sub-species4      #hb4  ,= consid] a    
little :at ea* ( ^? five tribes99 has   
be5 to  ! _s ( man4  ,fir/1 9 _!        
nobl5ess1 ! lilies gave ! lily  ( !     
,annunciation2 ! asphodels1 ! fl[] ( !  
,elysian fields2 !  irids1 !            
fleur-de-lys ( *ivalry2 & ! am>yllids1  
,*ri/'s lily (  ! field2 :ile ! ru%1    
trodd5 always "u foot1 became ! emblem  
( humility4  ,!n take ea* ( ! tribes1 & 
consid] ! ext5t (  _! l[] influ5ce4     
,p]dita's ,! cr[n imp]ial1 lilies ( all 
k9ds1 are ! fir/ tribe1 :i*1 giv+ ! type
 ( p]fect purity 9  ! ,madonna's lily1  
h1 by _! lovely =m1 influ5c$ ! entire   
decorative design ( ,italian sacr$ art2 
:ile ornam5t design ( w> 0  cont9ually  
enri*$ by ! curves ( ! triple petals ( !
 ,flor5t9e  giglio1 & ,fr5*             
fleur-de-lys2 s t x is impossible to    

c\nt  _! influ5ce = good 9 ! middle     
ages1 p>tly z a symbol (  womanly "*1 & 
p>tly ( ! utmo/ brightness & ref9em5t ( 
*ivalry 9 ! city :i* 0 ! fl[] ( cities4 
99 ,take ?is r\gh di/9ction ( ! f\r     
tribes3 lilies1 sup]ior ov>y1  :ite     
se$s2 asphodels1 sup]ior ov>y1 black    
se$s2 irids1 inf]ior  ov>y1 /yle        
7typically7 ris+ into c5tral cre/2      
am>yllids1 inf]ior  ov>y1 /am5s         
7typically7 jo9$ 9 c5tral cup4  ,!n !   
ru%es are a  d>k gr\p1 ?r\gh :i* !y /oop
 to ! grasses4      ,aft]w>ds1 ! gr\p ( 
! turban-lilies1 or tulips1 did "s      
mis*ief  7_! spl5did /a9s hav+ made !m !
 favorite caprice (  flori/s72 b !y may 
be p>don$ all su* guilt = ! pleasure !y 
h giv5 9 cottage g>d5s1 & are yet to    
give1 :5 l[ly life may  aga9 be possible
 among u2 & ! crimson b>s ( ! tulips 9  
_!  trim b$s1 ) _! lik5ess 9 crimson b>s
 ( morn+ above !m1 &  its dew glitt]+   
heavy1 glob$ 9 _! glossy cups1 may be   
lov$  bett] ?an ! gray nettles ( ! a%   
heap1 "u gray sky1 unve9$ by  v]milion  

or by gold4    #hc4  ,! next great gr\p1
 ( ! asphodels1 divides itself also into
 two  pr9cipal families3 "o1 9 :i* !    
fl[]s are l />s1 &  clu/]$              
*>act]i/ically 9 balls1 ?\gh op5+       
sometimes into  loos] heads2 & ! o!r1 9 
:i* ! fl[]s are 9 long bells1  op5+     
sudd5ly at ! lips1 & clu/]$ 9 spires on 
a long /em1 or  droop+ f x1 :5 b5t by _!
 weight4    ,! />-gr\p1 ( ! squills1    
g>lics1 & onions1 has always caus$ me   
great wond]4  ,i _c und]/& :y its       
beauty1 & s]viceabl5ess1  %\ld h be5    
associat$ ) ! rank sc5t :i* has be5     
really  among ! mo/ p[]ful means (      
degrad+ peasant life1 & sep>at+  x f t (
 ! high] classes4    ,! bell$ gr\p1 ( ! 
hyac9? & convall>ia1 is z delicate z !  
o!r is co>se2 ! unspeakable azure light 
along ! gr\nd ( ! wood  hyac9? 9 ,engli%
 spr+2 ! grape hyac9?1 :i* is 9 s\?     
,france1  z if a clu/] ( grapes & a hive
 ( honey _h be5 di/ill$ &  compress$    
toge!r into "o small boss ( cell$ &     
bead$ blue2 !  lilies ( ! valley        

ev]y:]e1 9 ea* sweet & wild recess (    
rocky  l&s1--c\nt ! influ5ces ( ^! on   
*ildi% & innoc5t life2 !n  measure !    
my?ic p[] ( ! hyac9? & asphodel z       
connect$ )  ,greek ?\ghts ( immortality2
 f9ally take _! useful & n\ri%+  p[] 9  
anci5t & mod]n peasant life1 & x w be   
/range if y  d n feel :at fix$ relation 
exi/s betwe5 ! ag5cy ( ! creat+  _s 9   
^!1 & 9 u :o live by !m4    #hd4  ,x is 
impossible to br+ into any t5able       
compass = our pres5t  purpose1 ev5 h9ts 
( ! human influ5ce ( ! two rema9+ ord]s 
(  ,am>yllids & ,irids2 only note ?is   
g5]ally1 t :ile ^! 9  nor!rn c\ntries   
%>e ) ! ,primulas ! fields ( spr+1 x    
seems  t 9 ,greece1 ! primulace are n an
 ext5d$ tribe1 :ile !  crocus1 n>cissus1
 & ,am>yllis lutea1 ! lily ( ! field 7,i
  suspect also t ! fl[] ^: "n we        
translate violet 0 9  tru? an iris7     
repres5t$ to ! ,greek ! fir/ com+ ( !   
brea? (  life on ! r5ew$ h]bage2 &      
became 9 8 ?\ghts ! true  embroid]y ( ! 
saffron robe ( ,a!na4  ,lat] 9 ! ye>1 ! 

dian?us 7:i*1 ?\gh belong+ to an        
entirely diff]5t race (  plants1 has yet
 a /range look ( be+ made out ( !       
grasses by  turn+ ! %ea?-membrane at !  
root ( _! leaves into a fl[]7  seems to 
scatt]1 9 multitud9\s families1 its     
crimson />s f> &  wide4  ,b ! gold5 lily
 & crocus1 toge!r ) ! asphodel1 reta9   
always ! old ,greek's fonde/ ?\ghts1--!y
 are only gold5 fl[]s  t are to burn on 
! trees1 & float on ! /reams ( p>adise4 
#he4  ,i h b "o tribe ( plants m to note
 at our c\ntry fea/--  ! savory h]bs2 b 
mu/ g a little out ( my way to come at  
!m  rightly4  ,all fl[]s ^: petals are  
fa/5$ toge!r1 & mo/ (  ^? ^: petals are 
loose1 are be/ ?\ght ( fir/ z a k9d (   
cup  or tube op5+ at ! m\?4  ,sometimes 
! op5+ is gradual1 z 9  ! convolvulus or
 campanula2 (t5] !re is a di/9ct *ange (
  direction betwe5 ! tube & exp&+ lip1 z
 9 ! primrose2 or ev5  a contraction "u 
! lip1 mak+ ! tube into a n>r[-neck$    
phial  or vase1 z 9 ! hea?s2 b ! g5]al  
idea ( a tube exp&+ into  a quatrefoil1 

c9quefoil1 or sixfoil1 w embrace mo/ ( !
 =ms4    #hf4  ,n[1 x is easy to        
conceive t fl[]s ( ?is k9d1 gr[+ 9      
close clu/]s1 may1 9 process ( "t1 h    
ext5d$ _! outside  petals r ?an !       
int]ior ones 7z ! out] fl[]s ( !  clu/]s
 ( _m umbellif]s actually d71 & ?us     
elongat$ &  v>i\sly di/ort$ =ms h       
e/abli%$ !mselves2 !n if ! /alk  is     
atta*$ to ! side in/ead ( ! base ( !    
tube1 its base becomes  a spur1 & ?us   
all ! grotesque =ms ( ! m9ts1 violets1 &
  l>kspurs1 gradually might be compos$4 
,b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 !re  is "o great  
tribe ( plants sep>ate f ! re/1 & ( :i* 
!  influ5ce seems %$ ^u ! re/1 9 diff]5t
 degrees2 & ^! w\ld  give ! impression1 
n s mu* ( hav+ be5 develop$ by *ange1 z 
( be+ /amp$ ) a "* ( _! own1 m or less  
s]p5t9e  or dragon-l4  ,& ,i ?9k y w f9d
 x conv5i5t to call ^!  g5]ally         
,draconid2 disreg>d+ _! pres5t ugly     
botanical "n :i*  ,i d n c>e ev5 to     
write once--y may take = _! pr9cipal    
types  ! foxglove1 snapdragon1 &        

calceol>ia2 & y w f9d !y all  agree 9 a 
t5d5cy to decorate !mselves by spots1 & 
) bosses or  swoll5 places 9 _! leaves1 
z if !y _h be5 t\*$ by poison4  ,! spot 
( ! foxglove is especially /range1      
because x draws !  color out ( ! tissue 
all ar\nd x1 z if x _h be5 /ung1 & z if 
! c5tral color 0 really an inflam$ spot1
 ) pal5ess r\nd4  ,!n  also !y c>ry to  
its extreme ! decoration by bulg+ or    
p\t+ out  ! petal1--(t5 beautifully us$ 
by o!r fl[]s 9 a m9or degree1  l ! beat+
 out ( bosses 9 holl[ silv]1 z 9 !      
kalmia1 beat5  out app>5tly 9 ea* petal 
by ! /am5s in/ead ( a hamm]2 or !       
borage1 p\t+ t[>ds2 b ! snapdragons &   
calceol>ias c>ry x to  its extreme4     
#hg4  ,!n ! _s ( ^! ,draconid seems to  
pass m or less into  o!r fl[]s1 ^: =ms  
are prop]ly pure vases2 b x affects "s  
( !m slightly1 o!rs n at all4  ,x nev]  
/rongly affects !  hea?s2 nev] once !   
roses2 b x ent]s l an evil _s into !    
butt]cup1 & turns x into a l>kspur1 ) a 
black1 spott$1 grotesque  c5tre1 & a    

/range1 brok5 blue1 gorge\s & int5se1   
yet impure1  glitt]+ on ! surface z if x
 7 /rewn ) brok5 glass1 &  /a9$ or d>k5+
 irregul>ly into r$4  ,& !n at la/ !    
s]p5t  *>m *anges ! ranunculus into     
monk%ood1 & makes x poison\s4  ,x  ent]s
 into ! =get-me-n1 & ! /> ( heav5ly     
turquoise is  corrupt$ into ! vip]'s    
bugloss1 d>k5$ ) ! same /range r$ z  !  
l>kspur1 & frett$ into a fr+e ( ?orn2 x 
ent]s1 toge!r  ) a /range insect-_s1    
into ! asphodels1 & 7?\gh ) a  great]   
int]val betwe5 ! gr\ps7 !y *ange to     
spott$ or*ide2 x  t\*es ! poppy1 x      
becomes a fum>ia2 ! iris1 & x p\ts into 
a  gladiolus2 ! lily1 & x *equ]s itself 
into a snake's-head1 &  secretes 9 !    
deep ( its bell1 drops1 n ( v5om inde$1 
b  honey-dew1 z if x 7 a heal+ s]p5t4   
,= !re is an sculapian  z well z an evil
 s]p5try among ! ,draconid1 & ! faire/ (
  !m1 ! erba della ,madonna ( ,v5ice    
7,l9>ia ,cymbal>ia71 desc5ds  f ! ru9s x
 delights into ! h]bage at _! feet1 &   
t\*es  x2 & behold1 in/antly1 a va/ gr\p

 ( h]bs = heal+1--all  draconid 9       
=m1--spott$ & cre/$1 & f _! lip-l       
corollas  nam$ labiat2 full ( v>i\s     
balm1 & w>m /r5g? = heal+1 yet  all ( !m
 )\t spl5did honor or p]fect beauty1    
gr\nd ives1  ri*e/ :5 cru%$ "u ! foot2 !
 be/ sweetness & g5tle  brightness ( !  
robes ( ! field1--?yme1 & m>joram1 &    
,euphrasy4    #hh4  ,& obs]ve1 aga9 &   
aga91 ) respect to all ^! divisions  &  
p[]s ( plants3 x does n matt] 9 ! lea/  
by :at  concurr5ces ( circum/ance or    
necessity !y may gradually h be5        
develop$2 ! concurr5ce ( circum/ance is 
itself ! supreme &  inexplicable fact4  
,we always come at la/ to a =mative     
cause1 :i*  directs ! circum/ance1 &    
mode ( meet+ x4  ,if y ask an ord9>y    
botani/ ! reason ( ! =m ( ! leaf1 he w  
tell y t x is  a develop$ tub]cle1 & t  
its ultimate =m is ow+ to !  directions 
( its vascul> ?reads4  ,b :at directs   
its vascul>  ?reads8  ,!y are seek+ =   
some?+ !y want1 he w probably  answ]4   
,:at made !m want t8  ,:at made !m seek 

= x ?us8  ,seek = x1 9 five fibres or 9 
?ree8  ,seek = x1 9 s]ration1 or  9     
sweep+ curves8  ,seek = x1 9 s]vile     
t5drils1 or impetu\s  spray8  ,seek = x1
 9 wool5 wr9kles r\gh ) /+s1 or 9 glossy
  surfaces1 gre5 ) pure /r5g?1 &        
w9t]less delight8    #hi4  ,!re is no   
answ]4  ,b ! sum ( all is1 t ov] !      
entire  surface ( ! e>?1 & its wat]s1 z 
influ5c$ by ! p[] ( !  air "u sol>      
light1 !re is develop$ a s]ies ( *ang+  
=ms1 9  cl\ds1 plants1 & animals1 all ( 
:i* h ref]5ce 9 _! action1  or nature1  
to ! human intellig5ce t p]ceives !m2 & 
on :i*1  9 _! aspects ( horror & beauty1
 & _! qualities ( good &  evil1 !re is  
engrav$ a s]ies ( my?s1 or words ( ! =m+
 p[]1  :i*1 accord+ to ! true passion & 
en]gy ( ! human race1 !y  h be5 enabl$  
to read into religion4  ,& ?is =m+ p[]  
has be5  by all nations p>tly confus$ ) 
! brea? or air ?r\gh :i* x  acts1 &     
p>tly und]/ood z a creative wisdom1     
proce$+ f !  ,supreme ,deity2 b ent]+   
into & inspir+ all intellig5ces t  "w 9 

h>mony ) ,him4  ,& :atev] intellectual  
results may be 9  mod]n days obta9$ by  
reg>d+ ?is efflu5ce only z a motion (   
vibration1 e =mative human art hi!rto1 &
 ! be/ /ates (  human happ9ess & ord]1  
may h dep5d$ on ! appreh5sion ( its     
my/]y 7:i* is c]ta917 & ( its           
p]sonality1 :i* is probable4    #ij4  ,(
 its influ5ce on ! =mative arts1 ,i h a 
few words to say  sep>ately3 my pres5t  
bus9ess is only to int]pret1 z we are n[
  suffici5tly enabl$ to d1 ! ext]nal    
symbols ( ! my? "u :i*  x 0 repres5t$ by
 ! ,greeks z a goddess ( c\nsel1 tak5   
fir/  into t brea/ ( _! supreme ,deity1 
!n creat$ out ( 8  ?\ghts1 & abid+      
closely beside him2 always %>+ &        
consummat+  8 p[]4    #ia4  ,& 9 do+ ?is
 we h fir/ to note ! mean+ ( ! pr9cipal 
epi!t appli$ to ,a!na1 ,glaukopis1 )    
eyes full ( light1 !  fir/ syllable be+ 
connect$1 by its root1 ) words signify+ 
sight1  n ) words signify+ color4  ,z f>
 z ,i c trace ! color  p]ception ( !    
,greeks1 ,i f9d x all f\nd$ prim>ily on 

! degree  ( connection betwe5 color &   
light2 ! mo/ important fact to !m 9  !  
color ( r$ be+ its connection ) fire &  
sun%9e2 s t  purple is1 9 its orig9al   
s5se1 fire-color1 & ! sc>let or  orange1
 ( dawn1 m ?an any o!r fire-color4  ,i 0
 long puzzl$ by  ,hom]'s call+ ! sea    
purple2 & misl$ into ?9k+ he meant !    
color ( cl\d %ad[s on gre5 sea2 :]eas he
 really means ! gleam+  blaze ( ! waves 
"u wide light4  ,ari/otle's idea 7p>tly 
true7 is  t light1 subdu$ by blackness1 
becomes r$2 & blackness1 heat$ or       
light$1 also becomes r$4  ,?us1 a color 
may be call$ purple because x  is light 
subdu$ 7& s dea? is call$ purple or     
%ad[y dea?72 or  else x may be call$    
purple z be+ %ade k9dl$ ) fire1 & ?us   
said ( ! light$ sea2 or ev5 ( ! sun     
itself1 :5 x is ?\ght (  z a r$ lum9>y  
oppos$ to ! :it5ess ( ! moon3 purpureos 
int]  soles1 et c&ida lun sid]a2 or (   
gold5 hair3 pro purpureo pnam  solv5s   
scel]ata capillo2 :ile bo? ideas are    
modifi$ by !  influ5ce ( an e>li] =m ( !

 ^w1 :i* has no?+ to d )  fire at all1 b
 only ) mix+ or /a9+2 & !n1 to make !   
:ole gr\p ( ?\ghts inextricably complex1
 yet ri* & subtle 9  proportion to _!   
intricacy1 ! v>i\s rose & crimson colors
 ( !  murex dye1--! crimson & purple ( !
 poppy1 & fruit ( ! palm1--  & !        
association ( all ^! ) ! hue (          
blood1--p>tly direct1  p>tly ?r\gh a    
confusion betwe5 ! ^w signify+ slaught] 
&  palm-fruit color1 m+le !mselves 91 & 
r5ew ! :ole nature (  ! old ^w2 s t1 9  
lat] lit]ature1 x means a diff]5t color1
  or emotion ( color1 9 almo/ e place   
:]e x occurs2 & ca/  =ev] ar\nd !       
reflection ( all t has be5 dipp$ 9 its  
dyes4    #ib4  ,s t ! _w is really a    
liquid prism1 & /ream ( opal4  ,&  !n1  
la/ ( all1 to keep ! :ole hi/ory ( x 9 !
 fanta/ic  c\rse ( a dream1 w>p$ "h &   
!re into wild grotesque1 we mod]ns1  :o 
h pref]r$ to rule ov] coal-m9es in/ead (
 ! sea 7& s  h turn$ ! ev]la/+ lamp (   
,a!na into a ,davy's safety-lamp 9  ! h&
 ( ,britannia1 & ,a!nian heav5ly lightn+

 into ,briti%  subt]ranean damp71 h     
actually got our purple out ( coal      
in/ead (  ! sea6  ,& ?us1 grotesquely1  
we h _h en=c$ on u ! d\bt  t held ! old 
^w betwe5 blackness & fire1 & h complet$
 !  %ad[1 & ! fe> ( x1 by giv+ x a "n f 
battle1 ,mag5ta4    #ic4  ,!re is       
precisely a simil> confusion betwe5     
light & color 9  ! ^w us$ = ! blue ( !  
eyes ( ,a!na--a noble confusion1  h[ev]1
 br\ght ab\t by ! int5sity ( ! ,greek   
s5se t !  heav5 is light1 m ?an x is    
blue4  ,i 0 n ?9k+ ( ?is :5 ,i  wrote 9 
speak+ ( pictorial *i>oscuro1 ,! sky is 
n blue color  m]ely3 x is blue fire & _c
 be pa9t$ 7,mod4 ,p4 iv4 p4 #cf72 b  x 0
 ?is t ! ,greeks *iefly felt ( x1 & s   
,glaukopis  *iefly means gray-ey$3 gray 
/&+ = a pale or lum9\s blue2 b  x only  
means owl-ey$ 9 ?\ght ( ! r\ndness &    
expansion1 n  f ! color2 ?is brea? &    
brightness be+1 aga91 9 _! moral  s5se  
typical ( ! bread?1 int5sity1 & s+l5ess 
( ! sight 9  prud5ce 7if ?9e eye be     
s+le1 ?y :ole body %all be full (       

light74  ,!n ! actual p[] ( ! bird to   
see 9 twilight ent]s  into ! type1 &    
p]haps its g5]al f95ess ( s5se4  ,be=e !
  human =m 0 adopt$1 h] 7,a!na's7 prop] 
symbol 0 ! owl1 a bird  :i* seems to    
surpass all o!r creatures 9 acut5ess (  
organic  p]ception1 its eye be+         
calculat$ to obs]ve objects :i* to all  
o!rs are envelop$ 9 d>kness1 its e> to  
he> s\nds di/9ctly1 &  its no/rils to   
discrim9ate effluvia ) su* nicety t x   
has be5  deem$ prophetic1 f discov]+ !  
putridity ( dea? ev5 9 !  fir/ /ages (  
disease499      99 ,payne ,knight 9 8   
,inquiry into ! ,symbolical ,language ( 
,anci5t  ,art1 n tru/wor?y1 be+ little m
 ?an a mass ( conjectural  memor&a1 b ! 
heap is sugge/ive1 if well sift$4       
,i _c f9d any:]e an acc\nt ( ! fir/ kn[n
 occurr5ce ( !  type2 b1 9 ! e>ly ones  
on ,attic co9s1 ! wide r\nd eyes are    
cle>ly ! pr9cipal ?+s to be made        
manife/4    #id4  ,!re is yet1 h[ev]1   
ano!r color ( great importance 9 !      
conception ( ,a!na--! d>k blue ( h] gis4

  ,j z ! blue or  gray ( h] eyes 0      
conceiv$ m z light ?an color1 s h] aegis
 0  d>k blue1 because ! ,greeks ?\ght ( 
?is t9t m z %ade ?an  color1 &1 :ile !y 
us$ v>i\s mat]ials 9 ornam5tation1      
lapislazuli1 c>bonate ( copp]1 or1      
p]haps1 smalt1 ) real enjoym5t  ( ! blue
 t9t1 x 0 yet 9 _! m9ds z di/9ctly      
repres5tative  ( d>kness z sc>let 0 (   
light1 &1 !re=e1 any?+ d>k199 b         
especially ! color ( heavy ?und]-cl\d1 0
 describ$ by ! same  t]m4  ,! physical  
p[] ( ?is d>kness ( ! gis1 fr+$ )       
lightn+1 is giv5 q simply :5 ,jupit]    
himself uses x to  ov]%ad[ ,ida & !     
,pla9 ( ,troy1 & )draws x at ! pray] (  
,ajax = light2 & aga9 :5 he grants x to 
be worn = a "t by  ,apollo1 :o is hidd5 
by its cl\d :5 he /rikes d[n ,patroclus2
 b  its spiritual p[] is *iefly express$
 by a ^w signify+ deep]  %ad[1--! gloom 
( ,erebus1 or ( our ev5+1 :i*1 :5 spok5 
(  ! gis1 signifies1 n m]ely !          
indignation ( ,a!na1 b ! entire  hid+ or
 )drawal ( h] help1 & beyond ev5 ?is1 h]

 deadlie/ (  all ho/ility1--! d>kness by
 :i* %e h]self deceives & beguiles  to  
f9al ru9 ^? to :om %e is :olly adv]se2  
?is contradiction (  h] own glory be+ ! 
utt]mo/ judgm5t ^u human falsehood4     
,?us x  is %e :o provokes ,p&>us to !   
trea*]y :i* purpos$ to fulfil  ! rape ( 
,hel5 by ! murd] ( h] husb& 9 "t (      
truce2 & !n  ! ,greek k+1 hold+ 8 w\nd$ 
bro!r's h&1 prophesies aga9/  ,troy !   
d>kness ( ! gis :i* %all be ov] all1 & =
 ev]49999      99 ,9 ! brea/plate &     
%ield ( ,atrides ! s]p5ts & bosses are  
all ( ?is d>k color1 yet ! s]p5ts are   
said to be l ra9b[s2  b ?r\gh all ?is   
spl5dor & opposition ( hue1 ,i feel     
di/9ctly  t ! lit]al spl5dor1 ) its     
relative %ade1 are preval5t 9  !        
conception2 & t !re is always a t5d5cy  
to look ?r\gh !  hue to its cause4  ,& 9
 ?is feel+ ab\t color ! ,greeks are     
sep>at$ f ! ea/]n nations1 & f ! be/    
design]s (  ,*ri/ian times4  ,i _c f9d t
 !y take pleasure 9 color = its  own    
sake2 x may be 9 some?+ m ?an color1 or 

bett]2 b x is  n 9 ! hue itself4  ,:5   
,hom] describes cl\d break+ f a  m\nta9 
summit1 ! crags become visible 9 light1 
n color2 he feels  only _! fla%+ out 9  
bright edges & tr5*ant %ad[s2 above1 !  
inf9ite1 unspeakable !r is torn op5--b n
 ! blue ( x4  ,he  has sc>cely any      
ab/ract pleasure 9 blue1 or gre51 or    
gold2 b only  9 _! %ade or flame4    ,i 
h yet to trace ! causes ( ?is 7:i* w be 
a long task1  belong+ to art que/ions1 n
 to my?ological ones72 b x is1 ,i       
believe1 mu* connect$ ) ! brood+ ( !    
%ad[ ( dea? ov]  ! ,greeks )\t any cle> 
hope ( immortality4  ,! re/riction (  ! 
color on _! vases to dim r$ 7or yell[7 )
 black & :ite1  is  greatly connect$ )  
_! sepul*ral use1 & ) all !  melan*oly (
 ,greek tragic ?\ght2 & 9 ?is gloom !   
failure (  color-p]ception is p>tly     
noble1 p>tly base3 noble1 9 its         
e>ne/ness1  :i* raises ! design ( ,greek
 vases z f> above ! design+ ( m]e       
colori/ nations l ! ,*9ese1 z m5's      
?\ghts are above  *ildr5's2 & yet x is  

p>tly base & e>?ly1 & inh]5tly          
defective 9 "o human faculty2 & ,i      
believe x 0 "o cause ( !  p]i%+ ( _! art
 s swiftly1 = inde$ !re is no decl9e s  
sudd51 or d[n to su* utt] loss &        
ludicr\s depravity1 z ! fall  ( ,greek  
design on its vases f ! fif? to ! ?ird  
c5tury ,b4,c4  ,on  ! o!r h&1 ! pure    
color$-gift1 :5 employ$ = pleasure only1
  degrades 9 ano!r direction2 s t among 
! ,indians1 ,*9ese1 &  ,japanese1 all   
intellectual progress 9 art has be5 =   
ages r5d]$  impossible by ! preval5ce ( 
t faculty2 & yet x is1 z ,i h  said aga9
 & aga91 ! spiritual p[] ( art2 & its   
true brightness  is ! ess5tial          
*>act]i/ic ( all heal?y s*ools4  9999   
'eremn5 ,aigida pasi'4--,il4 iv4 #aff4  
#ie4  ,?is1 !n1 f9ally1 0 ! p]fect      
color-conception ( ,a!na3 !  fle%1      
sn[-:ite 7! h&s1 feet1 & face ( m>ble1  
ev5 :5 !  /atue 0 hewn r\ghly 9 wood72 !
 eyes ( ke5 pale blue1 (t5 9  /atues    
repres5t$ by jewels2 ! long robe to !   
feet1 crocus-color$2  & ! gis ?r[n ov] x

 ( ?und]\s purple2 ! helmet gold5 7,il4 
v4 #gdd471 & ,i suppose its cre/ also1 z
 t ( ,a*illes4    ,if y ?9k c>efully ( !
 mean+ & "* :i* is n[ en\gh  illu/rat$ =
 y 9 ea* ( ^! colors1 & rememb] t !     
crocus-color & ! purple 7 bo? ( !m      
developm5ts1 9 opposite  directions1 ( !
 great c5tral idea ( fire-color1 or     
sc>let1 y w  see t ?is =m ( ! creative  
_s ( ! e>? is conceiv$ z  rob$ 9 ! blue1
 & purple1 & sc>let1 ! :ite1 & ! gold1  
:i* h be5 recogniz$ = ! sacr$ *ords (   
colors1 f ! day  :5 ! cl\d desc5d$ on a 
,rock m mighty ?an ,ida4    #if4  ,i h  
spok5 ?r\gh\t1 hi!rto1 ( ! conception ( 
,a!na1 z  x is traceable 9 ! ,greek m9d2
 n z x 0 r5d]$ by ,greek art4  ,x is    
matt] ( extreme difficulty1 requir+ a   
sympa?y at once  affectionate & cauti\s1
 & a k rea*+ ! e>lie/ spr+s  ( !        
religion ( _m l&s1 to disc]n ?r\gh !    
imp]fection1 &1  alas6 m dimly yet1     
?r\gh ! triumphs ( =mative art1 :at k9d 
( ?\ghts !y 7 t appo9t$ = x ! tasks (   
its *ildhood1  & wat*$ by ! awak5+ ( its

 /r5g?4    ,! religions passion is ne>ly
 always vivide/ :5 ! art is weake/2  & !
 te*nical skill only rea*es its         
delib]ate spl5dor :5 !  ec/acy :i* gave 
x bir? has pass$ away =ev]4  ,x is z va9
 an  attempt to reason out ! vision>y   
p[] or guid+ influ5ce ( ,a!na  9 !      
,greek he>t1 f any?+ we n[ read1 or     
possess1 ( ! "w (  ,phidias1 z x w\ld be
 = ! disciples ( "s new religion to inf]
  ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity f ,titian's        
,assumption4  ,! effective  vitality ( !
 religi\s conception c be trac$ only    
?r\gh !  ef=ts ( trembl+ h&s1 & /range  
pleasures ( untaught eyes2 &  ! beauty (
 ! dream c no m be f\nd 9 ! fir/ symbols
 by  :i* x is express$1 ?an a *ild's    
idea ( fairy-l& c be ga!r$  f its p5cil 
scrawl1 or a girl's love = h] brok5 doll
 expla9$ by  ! defac$ features4  ,on !  
o!r h&1 ! ,a!na ( ,phidias 01 9  v fact1
 n s mu* ! deity1 z ! d>l+ ( ! ,a!nian  
p4  ,h] magnific5ce repres5t$ _! pride &
 fondness1 m ?an _!  piety2 & ! great   
arti/1 9 lavi%+ ^u h] dignities :i*     

might  be end$ abruptly by ! pillage !y 
provok$1 resign$1 app>5tly  )\t regret1 
! awe ( h] anci5t memory2 & 7) only !   
c>eless remon/rance ( a workman too     
/rong to be pr\d7 ev5 !  p]fectness ( 8 
own art4  ,rejoic+ 9 ! protection ( _!  
goddess1 & 9 _! own h\r ( glory1 ! p (  
,a!na rob$ h]1  at _! w1 ) ! preci\sness
 ( ivory & gems2 =got or d5i$  ! d>kness
 ( ! brea/plate ( judgm5t1 & va9ly bade 
its  unappeasable s]p5ts relax _! coils 
9 gold4    #ig4  ,x w take me _m a day  
yet--if days1 _m or few1 are giv5 me--  
to dis5tangle 9 anywise ! pr\d &        
practis$ disguises ( religi\s  cre$s f !
 in/9ctive arts :i*1 grotesquely &      
indecor\sly1 yet  ) s9c]ity1 /rove to   
embody !m1 or to relate4  ,b ,i ?9k !   
read]1 by help ev5 ( ! imp]fect         
indications already giv5 to him1  w be  
able to foll[1 ) a cont9ually increas+  
security1 !  ve/iges ( ! ,my? ( ,a!na2 &
 to reanimate its almo/ evanesc5t  %ade1
 by connect+ x ) ! n[ recogniz$ facts ( 
exi/5t nature  :i* x1 m or less dimly1  

reflect$ & =etold4  ,i ga!r ^!  facts   
toge!r 9 brief4    #ih4  ,! deep ( air t
 surr\nds ! e>? ent]s into union ) !    
e>? at its surface1 & ) its wat]s1 s z  
to be ! app>5t cause  ( _! asc5d+ into  
life4  ,fir/1 x w>ms !m1 & %ades1 at    
once1  /ay+ ! heat ( ! sun's rays 9 its 
own body1 b w>d+ _!  =ce ) its cl\ds4   
,x w>ms & cools at once1 ) traffic (    
balm  & fro/2 s t ! :ite wrea?s are     
)drawn f ! field ( !  ,swiss peasant by 
! gl[ ( ,libyan rock4  ,x gives its own 
/r5g? to  ! sea2 =ms & fills e cell (   
its foam2 su/a9s ! precipices1  &       
designs ! valleys ( its waves2 gives !  
gleam to _! mov+  "u ! night1 & ! :ite  
fire to _! pla9s "u sunrise2 lifts  _!  
voices along ! rocks1 be>s above !m !   
spray ( birds1  p5cils ?r\gh !m ! dimpl+
 ( unfoot$ s&s4  ,x ga!rs out (  !m a   
portion 9 ! holl[ ( its h&3 dyes1 ) t1 !
 hills into  d>k blue1 & _! glaci]s )   
dy+ rose2 inlays ) t1 =  sapphire1 !    
dome 9 :i* x has to set ! cl\d2 %apes   
out ( t  ! heav5ly flocks3 divides !m1  

numb]s1 *]i%es1 be>s !m on its  bosom1  
calls !m to _! j\rneys1 waits by _! re/2
 fe$s f !m  ! brooks t cease n1 & /rews 
) !m ! dews t cease4  ,x  sp9s & weaves 
_! fleece into wild tape/ry1 r5ds x1 &  
r5ews2  & flits & flames1 & :isp]s1     
among ! gold5 ?reads1 ?rill+  !m ) a    
plectrum ( /range fire t trav]ses !m to 
& fro1 &  is enclos$ 9 !m l life4    ,x 
ent]s into ! surface ( ! e>?1 subdues x1
 & falls toge!r  ) x into fruitful du/1 
f :i* c be m\ld$ fle%2 x jo9s  itself1 9
 dew1 to ! sub/ance ( adamant1 & becomes
 ! gre5 leaf  out ( ! dry gr\nd2 x ent]s
 into ! sep>at$ %apes ( ! e>?  x has    
temp]$1 comm&s ! ebb & fl[ ( ! curr5t ( 
_! life1  fills _! limbs ) its own      
lightness1 measures _! exi/5ce by its   
indwell+ pulse1 m\lds ^u _! lips ! words
 by :i* "o s\l c  be kn[n to ano!r2 is  
to !m ! he>+ ( ! e>1 & ! beat+  ( !     
he>t2 &1 pass+ away1 leaves !m to !     
peace t he>s &  moves no m4    #ii4     
,?is 0 ! ,a!na ( ! greate/ p ( ! days ( 
old4  ,&  opposite to ! temple ( ?is ,_s

 ( ! brea?1 & life-blood1 (  man & bea/1
 /ood1 on ! ,m\nt ( ,ju/ice1 & ne> !    
*asm :i*  0 haunt$ by ! goddess-,av5g]s1
 an alt> to a ,god unkn[n1--  proclaim$ 
at la/ to !m1 z "o :o1 inde$1 gave to   
all m51 life1  & brea?1 & all ?+s2 & ra9
 f heav51 fill+ _! he>ts  ) ra9 f heav51
 fill+ _! he>ts ) food & gladness2 a    
,god  :o _h made ( "o blood all nations 
( m5 :o dwell on ! face ( all  ! e>?1 & 
_h det]m9$ ! times ( _! fate1 & ! b\nds 
(  _! habitation4    #ajj4  ,we         
ourselves1 frett$ "h 9 our n>r[ days1 "k
 less1 p]haps1  9 v de$1 ?an !y1 :at    
mann] ( _s we are (1 or :at mann]  ( _s 
we ignorantly wor%ip4  ,h we1 inde$1    
desir$ ! ,desire (  all nations8 & w !  
,ma/] :om we meant to seem1 & ! ,mess5g]
  9 :om we ?\ght we delight$1 confirm1  
:5 ,he comes to ,8 temple1--  or n f9d 9
 its mid/1--! tables heavy ) gold =     
bread1 & !  seats t are b\ght ) ! price 
( ! dove8  ,or is our own l&  also to be
 left by its ang]$ ,_s1--left among ^?1 
:]e sun%9e  va9ly sweet1 & passionate   

folly ( /orm1 wa/e !mselves 9 !  sil5t  
places ( k t has pass$ away1 & ( tongues
 t h  ceas$8    ,?is only we may disc]n 
assur$ly2 ?is1 e true light ( sci5ce1  e
 m]cifully-grant$ p[]1 e wisely-re/rict$
 ?\ght1 tea* u  m cle>ly day by day1 t 9
 ! heav5s above1 & ! e>?  b5ea?1 !re is 
"o cont9ual & omnipot5t pres5ce ( help1 
& (  peace1 = all m5 :o "k t !y live1 & 
rememb] t !y die4          ,,iii4       
,,a!na ,,ergane499  7,a!na 9 ! ,he>t47  
99 ,a!na ! work]1 or hav+ rule ov] "w4  
,! "n 0 fir/ give  to h] by ! ,a!nians4 
,,v>i\s ,,notes ,,relat+ ,,to ,,!       
,,conception ,,( ,,a!na ,,z ,,!         
,,directress ,,(        ,,! ,,imag9ation
 ,,& ,,w4      #aja4  ,i h n[ only a few
 words to say1 be>+ on :at seems to me  
pres5t ne$1 respect+ ! ?ird function (  
,a!na1 conceiv$ z !  directress ( human 
passion1 resolution1 & labor4    ,few   
words1 = ,i am n yet prep>$ to give     
accurate di/9ction betwe5  !            
intellectual rule ( ,a!na & t ( !       
,muses2 b1 broadly1 !  ,muses1 ) _! k+1 

preside ov] m$itative1 hi/orical1 &     
poetic  arts1 ^: end is ! discov]y (    
light or tru?1 & ! creation (  beauty2 b
 ,a!na rules ov] moral passion1 &       
practically useful art4  ,%e does n make
 m5 le>n$1 b prud5t & subtle2 %e does n 
tea*  !m to make _! "w beautiful1 b to  
make x "r4    ,9 diff]5t places ( my    
writ+s1 & ?\gh _m ye>s ( endeavor to    
def9e ! laws ( art1 ,i h insi/$ on ?is  
rightness 9 "w1 & on  its connection )  
virtue ( "*1 9 s _m p>tial ways1 t  !   
impression left on ! read]'s m9d--if1   
inde$1 x 0 ev]  impress$ at all--has be5
 confus$ & unc]ta94  ,9 beg9n+ !  s]ies 
( my correct$ works1 ,i wi% ?is pr9ciple
 79 my own m9d !  f\ndation ( e o!r7 to 
be made pla91 if no?+ else is2 & w  try1
 !re=e1 to make x s1 z f> z1 by any     
ef=t1 ,i c put x  into unmi/akable      
words4  ,&1 at fir/1 "h is a v simple   
/atem5t  ( x1 giv5 lately 9 a lecture on
 ! ,ar*itecture ( ! ,valley ( !  ,somme1
 :i* w be bett] read 9 ?is place ?an 9  
its incid5tal  connection ) my acc\nt ( 

! por*es ( ,abbeville4    #ajb4  ,i _h  
us$1 9 a prec$+ "p ( ! lecture1 !       
expression1 by  :at faults ?is ,go?ic   
ar*itecture fell4  ,we cont9ually speak 
?us (  works ( art4  ,we talk ( _!      
faults & m]its1 z ( virtues &  vices4   
,:at d we mean by talk+ ( ! faults ( a  
picture1 or !  m]its ( a piece ( /one8  
,! faults ( a "w ( art are ! faults (   
its workman1 & its  virtues 8 virtues4  
,great art is ! expression ( ! m9d ( a  
great man1 & mean art1  t ( ! want ( m9d
 ( a weak man4  ,a fooli% p]son builds  
fooli%ly1 & a wise "o1 s5sibly2 a       
virtu\s "o1 beautifully2 & a  vici\s "o1
 basely4  ,if /one "w is well put       
toge!r1 x means t a  ?\ghtful man plann$
 x1 & a c>eful man cut x1 & an hone/ man
  cem5t$ x4  ,if x has too mu* ornam5t1 
x means t its c>v] 0  too gre$y (       
pleasure2 if too little1 t he 0 rude1 or
 ins5sitive1  or /upid1 & ! l4  ,s t :5 
once y h le>n$ h[ to spell  ^! mo/      
preci\s ( all leg5ds1--pictures &       
build+s1--y may  read ! *>act]s ( m51 & 

( nations1 9 _! art1 z 9 a mirror2  nay1
 z 9 a microscope1 & magnifi$ a         
hundr$fold2 = ! "*  becomes passionate 9
 ! art1 & int5sifies itself 9 all its   
noble/  or meane/ delights4  ,nay1 n    
only z 9 a microscope1 b z "u a         
scalpel1 & 9 dissection2 = a man may    
hide himself f y1 or  misrepres5t       
himself to y e o!r way2 b he _c 9 8 "w3 
!re1 be sure1 y h him to ! inmo/4  ,all 
t he likes1 all t  he sees1--all t he c 
d1--8 imag9ation1 8 affections1 8       
p]sev]ance1 8 impati5ce1 8 clums9ess1   
clev]ness1 ev]y?+ is  !re4  ,if ! "w is 
a cobweb1 y "k x 0 made by a spid]2 if a
  honey-comb1 by a bee2 a wormca/ is    
?r[n up by a worm1 & a ne/  wrea!d by a 
bird2 & a h\se built by a man1 wor?ily1 
if he is  wor?y1 & ignobly if he is     
ignoble4    ,& always1 f ! lea/ to !    
greate/1 z ! made ?+ is good or  bad1 s 
is ! mak] ( x4    #ajc4  ,y w use ?is   
faculty ( judgm5t m or less1 :e!r y     
!oretically admit ! pr9ciple or n4      
,take t floral gable299 y  don't suppose

 ! man :o built ,/oneh5ge c\ld h built  
t1 or t  ! man :o built t1 w\ld h built 
,/oneh5ge8  ,d y ?9k an old  ,roman w\ld
 h lik$ su* a piece ( filigree "w8 or t 
,mi*ael  ,angelo w\ld h sp5t 8 "t 9     
twi/+ ^! /ems ( roses 9 &  out8  ,or1 ( 
mod]n h&icraftsm51 d y ?9k a burgl>1 or 
a brute1  or a pickpocket c\ld h c>v$ x8
  ,c\ld ,bill ,sykes h done x8 or  !    
,dodg]1 dext]\s ) f+] & tool8  ,y w f9d 
9 ! end1  t no man c\ld h done x b      
exactly ! man :o did x2 & by  look+     
close at x1 y may1 if y "k y\r lett]s1  
read precisely  ! mann] ( man he 04     
99 ,! elaborate p5dim5t above ! c5tral  
por* at ! we/ end (  ,r\5 ,ca!dral1     
pi]c$ into a transp>5t web ( trac]y1 &  
enri*$  ) a bord] ( twi/$ eglant9e4     
#ajd4  ,n[ ,i mu/ insi/ on ?is matt]1 = 
a grave reason4  ,( all facts  conc]n+  
art1 ?is is ! "o mo/ necess>y to be     
kn[n1 t1 :ile  manufacture is ! "w ( h&s
 only1 art is ! "w ( ! :ole  _s ( man2 &
 z t _s is1 s is ! de$ ( x2 & by  :atev]
 p[] ( vice or virtue any art is        

produc$1 ! same vice or  virtue x       
reproduces & tea*es4  ,t :i* is born (  
evil begets  evil2 & t :i* is born (    
valor & honor1 tea*es valor & honor4    
,all art is ei!r infection or education4
  ,x mu/ be "o or o!r (  ^!4    #aje4   
,?is1 ,i repeat1 ( all tru?s respect+   
art1 is ! "o ( :i*  und]/&+ is ! mo/    
preci\s1 & d5ial ! mo/ deadly4  ,& ,i   
ass]t x ! m1 because x has ( late be5   
repeat$ly1 expressly1  & ) contumely1   
d5i$1 & t by high au?ority2 & ,i hold x 
"o  ( ! mo/ sorr[ful facts connect$ ) ! 
decl9e ( ! arts among  u1 t ,engli%     
g5tlem51 ( high /&+ z s*ol>s & arti/s1  
%\ld h be5 bl9d$ into ! acceptance1 &   
betray$ into !  ass]tion ( a fallacy :i*
 only au?ority su* z !irs c\ld h  r5d]$ 
= an in/ant cr$ible4  ,= ! contr>y ( x  
is writt5 9  ! hi/ory ( all great       
nations2 x is ! "o s5t5ce always        
inscrib$  on ! /eps ( _! ?rones2 ! "o   
concordant voice 9 :i* !y  speak to u   
out ( _! du/4    ,all su* nations fir/  
manife/ !mselves z a pure & beautiful   

animal  race1 ) int5se en]gy &          
imag9ation4  ,!y live lives ( h>d%ip  by
 *oice1 & by gr& in/9ct ( manly         
discipl9e2 !y become fi]ce  &           
irresi/ible soldi]s2 ! nation is always 
its own army1 & _!  k+1 or *ief head (  
gov]nm5t1 is always _! fir/ soldi]4     
,ph>aoh1 or ,david1 or ,leonidas1 or    
,val]ius1 or ,b>b>ossa1 or ,coeur de    
,lion1 or ,/4 ,l\is1 or ,d&alo1 or      
,fr$]ick ! ,great1--,egyptian1 ,jew1    
,greek1 ,roman1 ,g]man1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 
,v5etian1--t is inviolable law  = !m    
all2 _! k+ mu/ be _! fir/ soldi]1 or !y 
_c be  9 progressive p[]4  ,!n1 aft] _! 
great milit>y p]iod1 comes !  dome/ic   
p]iod2 9 :i*1 )\t betray+ ! discipl9e ( 
w>1 !y  add to _! great soldi]%ip !     
delights & possessions ( a delicate  &  
t5d] home-life2 & !n1 = all nations1 is 
! "t ( _!  p]fect art1 :i* is ! fruit1 !
 evid5ce1 ! rew>d ( _!  national idea ( 
"*1 develop$ by ! f9i%$ c>e ( !         
occupations ( peace4  ,t is ! hi/ory (  
all true art t ev] 01  or c be2 palpably

 ! hi/ory ( x1--unmi/akably1--writt5 on 
!  =ehead ( x 9 lett]s ( light1--9      
tongues ( fire1 by :i* !  seal ( virtue 
is br&$ z deep z ev] iron burnt into a  
convict's  fle% ! seal ( crime4  ,b     
always1 hi!rto1 aft] ! great p]iod1  has
 foll[$ ! day ( luxury1 & pursuit ( !   
arts = pleasure  only4  ,& all has s    
end$4    #ajf4  ,?us f> ( ,abbeville    
build+4  ,n[ ,i h "h ass]t$ two         
?+s1--fir/1 ! f\ndation ( art 9 moral   
"*2 next1 !  f\ndation ( moral "* 9 w>4 
,i mu/ make bo? ^! ass]tions  cle>]1 &  
prove !m4    ,fir/1 ( ! f\ndation ( art 
9 moral "*4  ,( c\rse art-gift  &       
amiability ( disposition are two diff]5t
 ?+s2 = a good man  is n necess>ily a   
pa9t]1 nor does an eye = color          
necess>ily imply  an hone/ m9d4  ,b     
great art implies ! union ( bo? p[]s2 x 
is  ! expression1 by an art-gift1 ( a   
pure s\l4  ,if ! gift is n  !re1 we c h 
no art at all2 & if ! s\l--& a "r s\l   
too--  is n !re1 ! art is bad1 h[ev]    
dext]\s4    #ajg4  ,b also1 rememb]1 t !

 art-gift itself is only ! result (  !  
moral "* ( g5]ations4  ,a bad woman may 
h a sweet voice2  b t sweetness ( voice 
comes ( ! pa/ morality ( h] race4  ,t   
%e c s+ ) x at all1 %e owes to !        
det]m9ation ( laws (  music by !        
morality ( ! pa/4  ,e act1 e impulse1 ( 
virtue  & vice1 affects 9 any creature1 
face1 voice1 n]v\s p[]1 & vigor  &      
h>mony ( inv5tion1 at once4  ,p]sev]ance
 9 rightness ( human  conduct r5d]s1    
aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( g5]ations1 human   
art  possible2 e s9 t cl\ds x1 be x ev] 
s little a "o2 &  p]si/5t vici\s liv+ & 
foll[+ ( pleasure r5d]1 aft] a  c]ta9   
numb] ( g5]ations1 all art impossible4  
,m5 are deceiv$ by  ! long-suff]+ ( !   
laws ( nature1 & mi/ake1 9 a nation1 !  
rew>d ( ! virtue ( its sires1 = ! issue 
( its own s9s4  ,!  "t ( _! visitation w
 come1 & t inevitably2 =1 x is  always  
true1 t if ! fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes1 ! 
*ildr5's  tee? are set on edge4  ,& = ! 
individual1 z soon z y h  le>n$ to read1
 y may1 z ,i said1 "k him to ! he>t's   

core1  ?r\gh 8 art4  ,let 8 art-gift be 
nev] s great1 & cultivat$ to  ! height  
by ! s*ools ( a great race ( m51 & x is 
/ill b a  tape/ry ?r[n ov] 8 own be+ &  
inn] s\l2 & ! be>+ ( x  w %[1           
infallibly1 :e!r x hangs on a man or on 
a skeleton4  ,if  y are dim-ey$1 y may n
 see ! diff]5ce 9 ! fall ( ! folds  at  
fir/1 b le>n h[ to look1 & ! folds      
!mselves w become  transp>5t1 & y %all  
see ?r\gh !m ! dea?'s %ape1 or !  div9e 
"o1 mak+ ! tissue above x z a cl\d ( "r1
 or z a  w9d+-%eet4    #ajh4  ,!n fur!r1
 obs]ve1 ,i h said 7& y w f9d x true1 & 
t to ! utt]mo/7 t1 z all lovely art is  
root$ 9 virtue1 s x  b>es fruit (       
virtue1 & is didactic 9 its own nature4 
,x is (t5  didactic also 9 actually     
express$ ?\ght1 z ,giotto's1 ,mi*ael    
,angelo's1 ,dr]'s1 & hundr$s m2 b t is n
 its special  function2 x is didactic   
*iefly by be+ beautiful2 b beautiful )  
haunt+ ?\ght1 no less ?an ) =m1 & full (
 my?s t c be  read only ) ! he>t4    ,= 
in/ance1 at ?is mom5t !re is op5 beside 

me z ,i write1 a page  ( ,p]sian        
manuscript1 wr\ght ) wrea!d azure &     
gold1 & s(t  gre51 & violet1 & ruby &   
sc>let1 into "o field ( pure            
respl5d5ce4  ,x is wr\ght to delight !  
eyes only2 & does delight  !m2 & ! man  
:o did x assur$ly _h eyes 9 8 head2 b n 
mu*  m4  ,x is n didactic art1 b its    
au?or 0 happy2 & x w d  ! good1 & ! h>m1
 t m]e pleasure c d4  ,b1 opposite me1  
is  an e>ly ,turn] draw+ ( ! lake (     
,g5eva1 tak5 ab\t two miles f  ,g5eva1  
on ! ,lausanne road1 ) ,mont ,blanc 9 ! 
di/ance4  ,! old  city is se5 ly+ beyond
 ! waveless wat]s1 veil$ ) a sweet mi/y 
veil ( ,a!na's weav+2 a fa9t light (    
morn+1 peaceful exce$+ly1  & almo/      
colorless1 %$ f beh9d ! ,voirons1       
increases into s(t  amb] along ! slope (
 ! ,salve1 & is j se51 & no m1 on  !    
fair w>m fields ( its summit1 betwe5 !  
folds ( a :ite cl\d  t re/s ^u ! grass1 
b rises1 high & t[]-l1 into !  z5i? (   
dawn above4    #aji4  ,!re is n z mu*   
color 9 t l[ amb] light ^u !  hillside z

 !re is 9 ! pale/ dead leaf4  ,! lake is
 n blue1 b  gray 9 mi/1 pass+ into deep 
%ad[ b5ea? ! ,voirons' p9es2 a few  d>k 
clu/]s ( leaves1 a s+le :ite            
fl[]--sc>cely se5--are all  ! gladness  
giv5 to ! rocks ( ! %ore4  ,"o ( ! ruby 
spots (  ! ea/]n manuscript w\ld give   
color en\gh = all ! r$ t is 9  ,turn]'s 
entire draw+4  ,= ! m]e pleasure ( !    
eye1 !re is n  s mu* 9 all ^? l9es ( 81 
?r\gh\t ! entire l&scape1 z 9  half an  
in* squ>e ( ! ,p]sian's page4  ,:at made
 him take pleasure  9 ! l[ color t is   
only l ! br[n ( a dead leaf8 9 ! cold   
gray ( dawn--9 ! "o :ite fl[] among !   
rocks--9 ^!--& no  m ?an ^!8    #aaj4   
,he took pleasure 9 !m because he _h be5
 br$ among ,engli%  fields & hills2     
because ! g5tl5ess ( a great race 0 9 8 
he>t1 & its p[]s ( ?\ght 9 8 bra92      
because he knew !  /ories ( ! ,alps1 & (
 ! cities at _! feet2 because he _h read
  ! ,hom]ic leg5ds ( ! cl\ds1 & beheld !
 gods ( dawn1 & !  giv]s ( dew to !     
fields2 because he knew ! faces ( !     

crags1 &  ! imag]y ( ! passionate       
m\nta9s1 z a man kn[s ! face ( 8  fri5d2
 because he _h 9 him ! wond] & sorr[    
conc]n+ life &  dea?1 :i* are !         
inh]itance ( ! ,go?ic s\l f ! days ( its
  fir/ sea k+s2 & also ! compassion & ! 
joy t are wov5 into  ! inn]mo/ fabric ( 
e great imag9ative _s1 born n[ 9        
c\ntries t h liv$ by ! ,*ri/ian fai? )  
any c\rage or  tru?4  ,& ! picture      
conta9s also1 = u1 j ?is :i* its mak]   
_h 9 him to give2 & c convey x to u1 j s
 f> z we are ( !  temp] 9 :i* x mu/ be  
receiv$4  ,x is didactic if we are wor?y
 to  be taught1 n o!rwise4  ,! pure     
he>t1 x w make m pure2 !  ?\ghtful1 m   
?\ghtful4  ,x has 9 x no words = !      
reckless or  ! base4    #aaa4  ,z ,i    
myself look at x1 !re is no fault nor   
folly ( my life--&  bo? h be5 _m &      
great--t does n rise up aga9/ me1 & take
  away my joy1 & %ort5 my p[] (         
possession ( sight1 (  und]/&+4  ,& e   
pa/ ef=t ( my life1 e gleam (  rightness
 or good 9 x1 is ) me n[1 to help me 9  

my grasp ( ?is  art1 & its vision4  ,s  
f> z ,i c rejoice 91 or int]pret ei!r1  
my  p[] is ow+ to :at ( "r !re is 9 me4 
,i d>e to say x1 t1  because ?r\gh all  
my life ,i h desir$ good1 & n evil2     
because ,i  h be5 k9d to _m2 h wi%$ to  
be k9d to all2 h wilfully  injur$ none2 
& because ,i h lov$ mu*1 & n selfi%ly2  
!re=e1 ! morn+ light is yet visible to  
me on ^? hills1 &  y1 :o read1 may tru/ 
my ?\ght & ^w 9 su* "w z ,i h to d  = y2
 & y w be glad aft]w>ds t y h tru/$ !m4 
#aab4  ,yet1 rememb]1--,i repeat x aga9 
& yet aga91--t ,i may =  once1 if       
possible1 make ?is ?+ assur$ly cle>3 !  
inh]it$  art-gift mu/ be !re1 z well z !
 life 9 "s poor measure1 or  rescu$     
fragm5t1 "r4  ,?is art-gift ( m9e c\ld n
 h be5 won  by any "w or by any conduct3
 x belongs to me by bir?right1 & came   
by ,a!na's w1 f ! air ( ,engli% c\ntry  
villages1 & ,scotti%  hills4  ,i w risk 
:atev] *>ge ( folly may come on me1 =   
pr9t+  "o ( my _m *ildi% rhymes1 writt5 
on a fro/y day 9 ,gl5 ,f>g1  j nor? (   

,lo* ,lev54  ,x be>s date #a/ ,janu>y1  
#ahbh4  ,i 0 born  on ! #h? ( ,febru>y1 
#ahai2 & al t ,i ev] c\ld be1 & all t ,i
  _c be1 ! weak little rhyme already    
%[s4    ,papa1 h[ pretty ^? icicles are1
  ,t are se5 s ne>1--t are se5 s f>2    
--,^? dropp+ wat]s t come f ! rocks  ,& 
_m a hole1 l ! haunt ( a fox4  ,t silv]y
 /ream t runs babbl+ along1  ,mak+ a    
murmur+1 danc+ song4  ,^? trees t /&    
wav+ ^u ! rock's side1  ,& m51 t1 l     
spect]s1 among !m glide4  ,& wat]falls t
 are he>d f f>1  ,& come 9 sight :5 v   
ne>4  ,& ! wat]-:eel t turns sl[ly r\nd1
  ,gr9d+ ! corn t--requires to be       
gr\nd1--    7,political ,economy ( !    
future67    ----,& m\nta9s at a di/ance 
se51  ,& riv]s w9d+ ?r\gh ! pla91  ,&   
qu>ries ) _! craggy /ones1  ,& ! w9d    
among !m moans4    ,s =etell+ ,/ones (  
,v5ice1 & ?is essay on ,a!na4    ,en\gh 
n[ conc]n+ myself4    #aac4  ,( ,turn]'s
 life1 & ( its good & evil1 bo? great1 b
 !  good immeasurably ! great]1 8 "w is 
9 all ?+s a p]fect &  transp>5t evid5ce4

  ,8 biography is simply1 ,he did ?is1  
nor w  ev] ano!r d its l aga94  ,yet    
read :at ,i h said ( him1 z  comp>$ ) ! 
great ,italians1 9 ! passages tak5 f !  
,ce/us  ( ,aglaia1 f>!r on1 #aeh1 pp4   
#afd1 #afe4    #aad4  ,?is1 !n1 is !    
nature ( ! connection betwe5 morals &   
art4  ,n[1 secondly1 ,i h ass]t$ !      
f\ndation ( bo? ^!1 at lea/  hi!rto1 9  
w>4  ,! reason ( ?is too manife/ fact   
is1 t1 until  n[ x has be5 impossible = 
any nation1 except a w>rior "o1 to fix  
its m9d :olly on its m51 in/ead ( _!    
possessions4  ,e great  soldi] nation   
?9ks1 necess>ily1 fir/ ( multiply+ its  
bodies &  s\ls ( m51 9 good temp] &     
/rict discipl9e4  ,z long z ?is is  its 
political aim1 x does n matt] :at x     
tempor>ily suff]s1 or  loses1 ei!r 9    
numb]s or 9 weal?2 its morality & its   
arts 7if x  h national art-gift7 advance
 toge!r2 b s soon z x ceases to be  a   
w>rior nation1 x ?9ks ( its possessions 
in/ead ( its m52 &  !n ! moral & poetic 
p[]s vani% toge!r4    #aae4  ,x is ?us1 

h[ev]1 absolutely necess>y to ! virtue (
 w> t  x %\ld be wag$ by p]sonal /r5g?1 
n by money or ma*9]y4  ,a  nation t     
fights ) a m]c5>y =ce1 or ) torp$oes    
in/ead (  its own arms1 is dy+4  ,n b t 
!re is m true c\rage 9  mod]n ?an ev5 9 
anci5t w>2 b ?is is1 fir/1 because all !
  rema9+ life ( ,european nations is ) a
 morbid int5sity ?r[n into  _! soldi]s2 
&1 secondly1 because _! pres5t h]oism is
 !  culm9ation ( c5turies ( inbr$ &     
traditional valor1 :i* ,a!na  taught !m 
by =c+ !m to gov]n ! foam ( ! sea-wave &
 ( !  horse1--n ! /eam ( kettles4       
#aaf4  ,& fur!r1 note ?is1 :i* is vital 
to u 9 ! pres5t crisis3  ,if w> is to be
 made by money & ma*9]y1 ! nation :i* is
 !  l>ge/ & mo/ covet\s multitude w w94 
,y may be z sci5tific  z y *oose2 ! mob 
t c pay m = sulphuric acid & gunp[d]  w 
at la/ poison its bullets1 ?r[ acid 9   
y\r faces1 & make an  end ( y2 ( itself1
 also1 9 good "t1 b ( y fir/4  ,& to !  
,engli% p ! *oice ( its fate is v ne>   
n[4  ,x may  spasmodically def5d its    

prop]ty ) iron walls a fa?om ?ick1 a few
  ye>s long]--a v few4  ,no walls w     
def5d ei!r x1 or its  hav+s1 aga9/ !    
multitude t is bre$+ & spread+ fa/] ?an 
! cl\ds1 ov] ! habitable e>?4  ,we %all 
be all[$ to live by  small p$l]'s       
bus9ess1 & iron-mong]y--s9ce we h *os5  
^? =  our l9e ( life--z long z we are   
f\nd useful black s]vants to !          
,am]icans1 & are cont5t to dig coals &  
sit 9 ! c9d]s2 & h  /ill coals to       
dig1--!y once exhau/$1 or got *eap]     
else:]e1 we  %all be aboli%$4  ,b if we 
?9k m wisely1 :ile !re is yet  "t1 & set
 our m9ds aga9 on multiply+ ,engli%m51 &
 n on  *eap5+ ,engli% w>es1 if we       
resolve to submit to :olesome laws (    
labor & economy1 & sett+ our political  
squabbles aside1 try h[  _m /rong       
creatures1 fri5dly & fai?ful to ea* o!r1
 we c cr[d  into e spot ( ,engli%       
dom9ion1 nei!r poison nor iron w prevail
  aga9/ u2 nor traffic1 nor hatr$2 !    
noble nation w yet1 by !  grace ( heav51
 rule ov] ! ignoble1 & =ce ( he>t hold  

its own  aga9/ fireballs4    #aag4  ,b  
!re is yet a fur!r reason = ! dep5d5ce (
 ! arts  on w>4  ,! vice & inju/ice ( ! 
_w are con/antly spr++  anew1 & are only
 to be subdu$ by battle2 ! keep]s ( ord]
 & law  mu/ always be soldi]s4  ,& n[1  
go+ back to ! my? ( ,a!na1 we  see t    
?\gh %e is fir/ a w>rior maid1 %e dete/s
 w> = its own  sake2 %e arms ,a*illes & 
,ulysses 9 j qu>rels1 b %e dis>ms       
,ares4  ,%e cont5ds1 h]self1 cont9ually 
aga9/ disord] &  convulsion1 9 ! e>?    
giants2 %e /&s by ,h]cules' side 9      
victory  ov] all mon/r\s evil2 9 ju/ice 
only %e judges & makes w>4  ,b  9 ?is w>
 ( h]s %e is :olly implacable4  ,%e has 
little notion (  conv]t+ crim9als4  ,!re
 is no faculty ( m]cy 9 h] :5 %e has    
be5 resi/$4  ,h] ^w is only1 ,i w mock  
:5 y\r fe> come?4  ,note ! words t      
foll[3 :5 y\r fe> come? z desolation1 & 
y\r de/ruction z a :irlw9d2 = h] wra? is
 ( irresi/ible  tempe/3 once r\s$1 x is 
bl9d & deaf1--rabies--madness ( ang]--  
d>kness ( ! ,dies ,ir4    ,& t is1      

inde$1 ! sorr[fulle/ fact we h to "k    
ab\t our own  sev]al lives4  ,wisdom    
nev] =gives4  ,:atev] resi/ance we h    
(f]$ to h] loaw1 %e av5ges =ev]2 ! lo/  
h\r c nev] be  r$eem$1 & ! accompli%$   
wrong nev] aton$ =4  ,! be/ t c  be done
 aft]w>ds1 b = t1 _h be5 bett]2 ! false/
 ( all !  cries ( peace1 :]e !re is no  
peace1 is t ( ! p>don ( s91 z  ! mob    
expect x4  ,wisdom c put away s91 b %e  
_c p>don x2  & %e is apt1 9 h] ha/e1 to 
put away ! s9n] z well1 :5 !  black gis 
is on h] brea/4    #aah4  ,& ?is is also
 a fact we h to "k ab\t our national    
life1  t x is end$ z soon z x has lo/ ! 
p[] ( noble ,ang]4  ,:5  x pa9ts ov]1 & 
apologizes = its pitiful crim9alities2 &
 endures  its false weights1 & its      
adult]at$ food2 d>es n to decide        
practically betwe5 good & evil1 & c     
nei!r honor ! "o1 nor  smite ! o!r1 b   
sne]s at ! good1 z if x 7 hidd5 evil1 & 
consoles ! evil ) pi\s sympa?y1 &       
cons]ves x 9 ! sug> (  its lead5        
he>t1--! end is come4    #aai4  ,! fir/ 

sign1 !n1 ( ,a!na's pres5ce ) any p is t
  !y become w>riors1 & t ! *ief ?\ght ( 
e man ( !m is  to /& rightly 9 8 rank1 &
 n fail f 8 bro!r's side 9  battle4     
,weal?1 & pleasure1 & ev5 love1 are all1
 "u ,a!na's  ord]s1 sacrific$ to ?is    
duty ( /&+ fa/ 9 ! rank ( w>4    ,b     
fur!r3 ,a!na presides ov] indu/ry1 z    
well z battle2 typically1  ov] wom5's   
indu/ry2 t br+s com=t ) pleasantness4   
,h] ^w  to u all is3 ,be well ex]cis$1 &
 rightly clo!d4  ,clo!d1 & 9  y\r "r    
m9ds2 n insane & 9 rags1 nor 9 soil$ f9e
 clo!s  clut*$ f ea* o!r's %\ld]s4      
,fight & weave4  ,!n ,i myself  w answ] 
= ! c\rse ( ! lance1 & ! colors ( !     
loom4    ,& n[ ,i w ask ! read] to look 
) "s c>e ?r\gh ^!  foll[+ passages      
respect+ mod]n multitudes & _!          
occupations1  writt5 long ago1 b left 9 
fragm5t>y =m1 9 :i* !y mu/ n[  /ay1 & be
 ( :at use !y c4    #abj4  ,x is n      
political economy to put a numb] ( /rong
 m5 d[n on  an acre ( gr\nd1 ) no lodg+1
 & no?+ to eat4  ,nor is x  political   

economy to build a city on good gr\nd1 &
 fill x ) /ore  ( corn & treasure1 & put
 a score ( lep]s to live 9 x4           
,political  economy creates toge!r !    
means ( life1 & ! liv+ p]sons :o  are to
 use !m2 & ( bo?1 ! be/ & ! mo/ t x c1 b
  imp]atively ! be/1 n ! mo/4  ,a few   
good & heal?y m51 r  ?an a multitude (  
diseas$ rogues2 & a little real milk &  
w9e  r ?an mu* *alk & petroleum2 b ! gi/
 ( ! :ole bus9ess  is t ! m5 & _!       
prop]ty mu/ bo? be produc$ toge!r--n  "o
 to ! loss ( ! o!r4  ,prop]ty mu/ n be  
creat$ 9 l&s  desolate by exile ( _! p1 
nor multipli$ & deprav$ humanity1  9 l&s
 b>r5 ( bread4    #aba4  ,nev]!less1    
?\gh ! m5 & _! possessions are to be    
increas$ at ! same "t1 ! fir/ object (  
?\ght is always to be  ! multiplication 
( a wor?y p4  ,! /r5g? ( ! nation is 9  
its multitude1 n 9 its t]ritory2 b only 
9 its s\nd multitude4  ,x  is "o ?+1 bo?
 9 a man & a nation1 to ga9 fle%1 &     
ano!r to  be swoll5 ) putrid humors4  ,n
 t multitude ev] ought to be  inconsi/5t

 ) virtue4  ,two m5 %\ld be wis] ?an "o1
 & two  ?\s& ?an two2 nor d ,i "k ano!r 
s gross fallacy 9 ! records  ( human    
/upidity z t excuse = neglect ( crime by
 greatness (  cities4  ,z if ! fir/     
purpose ( congregation 7 n to devise    
laws  & repress crimes6  ,z if bees &   
wasps c\ld live hone/ly 9 flocks--  m51 
only 9 sep>ate d5s6  ,z if x 7 easy to  
help "o ano!r on  ! opposite sides ( a  
m\nta91 & impossible on ! opposite sides
 (  a /reet6  ,b :5 ! m5 are true &     
good1 & /& %\ld] to  %\ld]1 ! /r5g? (   
any nation is 9 its quantity ( life1 n 9
  its l& nor gold4  ,! m good m5 a /ate 
has1 9 proportion to its  t]ritory1 !   
/rong] ! /ate4  ,& z x has be5 ! madness
 (  economi/s to seek = gold in/ead (   
life1 s x has be5 ! madness  ( k+s to   
seek = l& in/ead ( life4  ,!y want ! t[n
 on !  o!r side ( ! riv]1 & seek x at ! 
spe> po9t2 x nev] ent]s  _! /upid heads 
t to d\ble ! hone/ s\ls 9 ! t[n on ?is  
side ( ! riv] w\ld make !m /rong] k+s2 &
 t ?is d\bl+  might be done by !        

pl\gh%>e in/ead ( ! spe>1 & ?r\gh       
happ9ess in/ead ( mis]y4    ,!re=e1 9   
brief1 ?is is ! only object ( all true  
policy & true  economy3 utmo/ multitude 
( good m5 on e giv5 space ( gr\nd--     
imp]atively always good1 s\nd1 hone/    
m51--n a mob ( :ite-fac$  ?ieves4  ,s t1
 on ! "o h& all ari/ocracy is wrong :i* 
is  inconsi/5t ) numb]s2 & on ! o!r all 
numb]s are wrong :i*  are inconsi/5t )  
bre$+4    #abb4  ,!n1 t\*+ !            
accumulation ( weal? = ! ma9t5ance (    
su* m51 obs]ve1 t y mu/ nev] use ! t]ms 
money & weal?  z synonym\s4  ,weal?     
consi/s ( ! good1 & !re=e useful1 ?+s  9
 ! possession ( ! nation2 money is only 
! writt5 or co9$ sign  ( ! relative     
quantities ( weal? 9 ea* p]son's        
possession4  ,all  money is a divisible 
title-de$1 ( imm5se importance z an     
expression  ( "r to prop]ty1 b          
absolutely valueless z prop]ty itself4  
,?us1  suppos+ a nation isolat$ f all   
o!rs1 ! money 9 its possession  is1 at  
its maximum value1 wor? all ! prop]ty ( 

! nation1 & no  m1 because no m c be got
 = x4  ,& ! money ( all nations  is     
wor?1 at its maximum1 ! prop]ty ( all   
nations1 & no m1 =  no m c be got = x4  
,?us1 e article ( prop]ty produc$       
increases1 by its value1 ! value ( all !
 money 9 ! _w1 &  e article ( prop]ty   
de/roy$1 dim9i%es ! value ( all !  money
 9 ! _w4  ,if t5 m5 are ca/ away on a   
rock1 ) a ?\s&  p\nds 9 _! pockets1 &   
!re is on ! rock1 nei!r food nor  %elt]1
 _! money is wor? simply no?+1 = no?+ is
 to be _h  = x4  ,if !y built t5 huts1 &
 recov] a cask ( biscuit f !  wreck1 !n 
_! ?\s& p\nds1 at its maximum value1 is 
wor? t5  huts & a cask ( biscuit4  ,if  
!y make _! ?\s& p\nds into two  ?\s& by 
writ+ new notes1 _! two ?\s& p\nds are  
/ill wor?  t5 huts & a cask ( biscuit4  
,& ! law ( relative value is !  same =  
all ! _w1 & all ! p 9 x1 & all _!       
prop]ty1  z = t5 m5 on a rock4  ,!re=e1 
money is truly & f9ally lo/ 9  ! degree 
9 :i* its value is tak5 f x 7ceas+ 9 t  
degree to  be money at all72 & x is     

truly ga9$ 9 ! degree 9 :i* value is    
add$ to x4  ,?us1 suppose ! money co9$  
by ! nation be a fix$  sum1 & divid$ v  
m9utely 7say into francs & c5ts71 &     
nei!r  to be add$ to nor dim9i%$4  ,!n e
 gra9 ( food & in* (  lodg+ add$ to its 
possessions makes e c5t 9 its pockets   
wor?  proportionally m1 & e ga9 ( food x
 consumes1 & in* ( ro(  x all[s to fall 
to ru91 makes e c5t 9 its pockets wor?  
less2  & ?is ) ma!matical precision4  ,!
 imm$iate value ( ! money  at p>ticul>  
times & places dep5ds1 inde$1 on !      
humors ( !  possessors ( prop]ty2 b !   
nation is 9 ! "o case gradually  gett+  
ri*]1 & w feel ! pressure ( pov]ty      
/eadily ev]y:]e  relax+1 :atev] ! humors
 ( individuals may be2 &1 9 ! o!r  case1
 is gradually gr[+ poor]1 & ! pressure (
 its pov]ty w  e day tell m & m1 9 ways 
t x _c expla91 b w  mo/ bitt]ly feel4   
#abc4  ,! actual quantity ( money :i* x 
co9s1 9 relation to its  real prop]ty1  
is !re=e only ( consequ5ce = conv5i5ce (
  ex*ange2 b ! proportion 9 :i* ?is     

quantity ( money is divid$  among       
individuals expresses _! v>i\s rights to
 great] or less  proportions ( !        
national prop]ty1 & mu/ n1 !re=e1 be    
tamp]$ )4  ,! gov]nm5t may at any "t1 ) 
p]fect ju/ice1  d\ble its issue (       
co9age1 if x gives e man :o has t5 p\nds
 9  8 pocket ano!r t5 p\nds1 & e man :o 
_h t5 p5ce ano!r  t5 p5ce2 = x ?us does 
n make any ( !m ri*]2 x m]ely  divides  
_! c\nt]s = !m into twice ! numb]4  ,b  
if x gives  ! newly-issu$ co9s to o!r p1
 or keeps !m itself1 x simply  robs !   
=m] hold]s to precisely t ext5t4  ,?is  
mo/ important  function ( money1 z a    
title-de$1 on ! non-violation ( :i* all 
national s\ndness ( comm]ce & peace (   
life dep5d1 has be5 nev]  rightly       
di/+ui%$ by economi/s f ! q unimportant 
function  ( money z a means ( ex*ange4  
,y c ex*ange goods--at "s  inconv5i5ce1 
inde$1 b y c /ill contrive to d x--)\t  
money  at all2 b y _c ma9ta9 y\r claim  
to ! sav+s ( y\r pa/  life )\t a docum5t
 decl>+ ! am\nt ( !m1 :i* ! nation  &   

its gov]nm5t w respect4    #abd4  ,& z  
economi/s h lo/ sight ( ?is great       
function ( money  9 relation to         
individual rights1 s !y h equally lo/   
sight ( its  function z a repres5tative 
( good ?+s4  ,t1 = e good ?+  produc$1 s
 mu* money is put into ev]ybody's       
pocket1 is ! "o simple  & primal tru? = 
! public to "k1 & = economi/s to tea*4  
,h[ _m ( !m h taught x8  ,"s h2 b only  
incid5tally2 &  o!rs w say x is a       
truism4  ,if x be1 d ! public "k x8     
,does  y\r ord9>y ,engli% h\sehold] "k t
 e co/ly d9n] he gives  has de/roy$ =ev]
 z mu* money z x is wor?8  ,does e      
well-educat$ girl--d ev5 ! wom5 9 high  
political position--"k  t e f9e dress !y
 we> !mselves1 or cause to be worn1     
de/roys  precisely s mu* ( ! national   
money z ! labor & mat]ial ( x  are wor?8
  ,if ?is be a truism1 x is "o t ne$s   
proclaim+  some:at l\d]4    #abe4  ,t1  
!n1 is ! relation ( money & goods4  ,s  
mu* goods1 s  mu* money2 s little goods1
 s little money4  ,b1 z !re is ?is true 

relation betwe5 money & goods1 or good  
?+s1 s !re is a false  relation betwe5  
money & bads1 or bad ?+s4  ,_m bad ?+s w
  fet* a price 9 ex*ange2 b !y d n      
increase ! weal? ( !  c\ntry4  ,good w9e
 is weal?1 drugg$ w9e is n2 good meat is
 weal?1  putrid meat is n2 good pictures
 are weal?1 bad pictures are n4  ,a  ?+ 
is wor? precisely :at x c d = y2 n :at y
 *oose to  pay = x4  ,y may pay a ?\s&  
p\nds = a crack$ pipk91 if y  please2 b 
y d n by t transaction make ! crack$    
pipk9 wor?  "o t w hold wat]1 nor t1 nor
 any pipk9 :atsoev]1 wor? m  ?an x 0    
be=e y paid su* sum = x4  ,y may1       
p]haps1 induce  _m pott]s to manufacture
 fissur$ pots1 & _m amateurs ( clay to  
buy !m2 b ! nation is1 ?r\gh ! :ole     
bus9ess s enc\rag$1  ri* by ! addition  
to its weal? ( s _m pot%]ds1--& !re an  
end4  ,! ?+ is wor? :at x ,,c d = y1 n  
:at y ?9k x  c2 & mo/ national luxuries1
 n[adays1 are a =m ( pot%]d1  provid$ = 
! solace ( a self-complac5t ,job1       
volunt>y s$5t on 8  a%-heap4    #abf4   

,&1 also1 s f> z good ?+s already exi/1 
& h become  m$ia ( ex*ange1 ! v>iations 
9 _! prices are absolutely  indiff]5t to
 ! nation4  ,:e!r ,mr4 ,a4 buys a       
,titian f ,mr4 ,b4 =  tw5ty1 or = two   
?\s&1 p\nds1 matt]s n sixp5ce to !      
national  rev5ue2 t is to say1 x matt]s 
9 n[ise to ! rev5ue :e!r ,mr4  ,a4 has !
 picture1 & ,mr4 ,b4 ! money1 or ,mr4   
,b4 ! picture1 & ,mr4  ,a4 ! money4     
,:i* ( !m w sp5d ! money mo/ wisely1 &  
:i*  ( !m w keep ! picture mo/ c>efully1
 is1 inde$1 a matt] (  "s importance2 b 
?is _c be kn[n by ! m]e fact ( ex*ange4 
#abg4  ,! weal? ( a nation !n1 fir/1 &  
its peace & well-be+  besides1 dep5d on 
! numb] ( p]sons x c employ 9 mak+ good 
&  useful ?+s4  ,i say its well-be+     
also1 = ! "* ( m5  dep5ds m on _!       
occupations ?an on any tea*+ we c give  
!m1  or pr9ciples ) :i* we c imbue !m4  
,! employm5t =ms !  habits ( body & m9d1
 & ^! are ! con/itution ( ! man1--!     
great] "p ( 8 moral or p]si/5t nature1  
:atev] ef=t1 "u  special excitem5t1 he  

may make to *ange or ov]come !m4        
,employm5t  is ! half1 & ! primal half1 
( education--x is ! w>p ( x2 &  ! f95ess
 or ! endurance ( all subsequ5tly wov5  
patt]n dep5ds  :olly on its /raightness 
& /r5g?4  ,&1 :atev] difficulty !re  may
 be 9 trac+ ?r\gh pa/ hi/ory ! remot]   
connections ( ev5t  & cause1 "o *a9 (   
sequ5ce is always cle>3 ! =mation1      
namely1  ( ! "* ( nations by _!         
employm5ts1 & ! det]m9ation  ( _! f9al  
fate by _! "*4  ,! mom5t1 & ! fir/      
direction ( decisive revolutions1 (t5   
dep5d on accid5t2 b _!  p]si/5t c\rse1 &
 _! consequ5ces1 dep5d :olly on ! nature
 (  ! p4  ,! pass+ ( ! ,re=m ,bill by ! 
late ,engli%  ,p>liam5t may h be5 m or  
less accid5tal2 ! results ( !  measure  
n[ re/ on ! "* ( ! ,engli% p1 z x has   
be5  develop$ by _! rec5t int]e/s1      
occupations1 & habits ( life4  ,:e!r1 z 
a body1 !y employ _! new p[]s = good or 
evil w  dep5d1 n on _! facilities ( k1  
nor ev5 on ! g5]al  intellig5ce !y may  
possess1 b on ! numb] ( p]sons among !m 

:om :olesome employm5ts h r5d]$ famili> 
) ! duties1 &  mode/ 9 _! e/imate ( !   
promises1 ( life4    #abh4  ,b          
especially 9 fram+ laws respect+ !      
treatm5t or  employm5t ( improvid5t & m 
or less vici\s p]sons1 x is to be       
rememb]$ t z m5 are n made h]oes by !   
p]=mance ( an act  ( h]oism1 b mu/ be   
brave be=e !y c p]=m x1 s !y are n  made
 villa9s by ! commission ( a crime1 b 7 
villa9s be=e !y  committ$ x2 & ! "r (   
public int]f]5ce ) _! conduct  beg9s :5 
!y beg9 to corrupt !mselves1--n m]ely at
 ! mom5t  :5 !y h prov$ !mselves        
hopelessly corrupt4    ,all measures (  
re=mation are effective 9 exact         
proportion to _!  timel9ess3 p>tial     
decay may be cut away & cleans$2        
incipi5t error  correct$2 b !re is a    
po9t at :i* corruption c be no m  /ay$1 
nor w&]+ recall$4  ,x has be5 ! mann] ( 
mod]n  philan?ropy to rema9 passive     
until t precise p]iod1 & to leave  !    
sick to p]i%1 & ! fooli% to /ray1 :ile x
 sp5ds itself 9  frantic ex]tions to    

raise ! dead1 & re=m ! du/4    ,! rec5t 
direction ( a great weight ( public     
op9ion aga9/ capital  puni%m5t is1 ,i   
tru/1 ! sign ( an awak5+ p]ception t    
puni%m5t is ! la/ & wor/ in/rum5t 9 !   
h&s ( !  legislator = ! prev5tion (     
crime4  ,! true in/rum5ts (  re=mation  
are employm5t & rew>d2 n puni%m5t4  ,aid
 ! will+1  hon\r ! virtu\s1 & compel !  
idle into occupation1 & !re w  be no de$
 = ! compell+ ( any into ! great & la/  
indol5ce (  dea?4    #abi4  ,! beg9n+ ( 
all true re=mation among ! crim9al      
classes  dep5ds on ! e/abli%m5t (       
in/itutions = _! active employm5t1  :ile
 _! crim9ality is /ill unripe1 & _!     
feel+s (  self-respect1 capacities (    
affection1 & s5se ( ju/ice1 n  altoge!r 
qu5*$4  ,t ^? :o are desir\s ( employm5t
 %\ld  always be able to f9d x1 w h>dly1
 at ! pres5t day1 be disput$2  b t ^? :o
 are undesir\s ( employm5t %\ld ( all   
p]sons be  ! mo/ /rictly compell$ to x1 
! public are h>dly yet conv9c$2  & !y   
mu/ be conv9c$4  ,if ! dang] ( !        

pr9cipal ?or\ghf>es  9 _! capital city1 
& ! multiplication ( crimes m gha/ly ?an
  ev] yet disgrac$ a nom9al             
civilization1 are n en\gh1 !y w n  h to 
wait long be=e !y receive /]n] lessons4 
,= our neglect  ( ! l[] ord]s has rea*$ 
a po9t at :i* x beg9s to be> its        
necess>y fruit1 & e day makes ! fields1 
n :it]1 b m  /able1 to h>ve/4    #acj4  
,! g5]al pr9ciples by :i* employm5t %\ld
 be regulat$ may  be briefly /at$ z     
foll[s3       ,i4 ,!re be+ ?ree great   
classes ( me*anical p[]s at our         
disposal1 namely1 7a7 vital or muscul>  
p[]2 7b7 natural me*anical  p[] ( w9d1  
wat]1 & electricity2 & 7c7 artificially 
produc$  me*anical p[]2 x is ! fir/     
pr9ciple ( economy to use all  available
 vital p[] fir/1 !n ! inexp5sive natural
 =ces1 &  only at la/ h rec\rse to      
artificial p[]4  ,& ?is because x is    
always bett] = a man to "w ) 8 own h&s  
to fe$ & clo!  himself1 ?an to /& idle  
:ile a ma*9e works = him2 & if he  _c by
 all ! labor heal?ily possible to him   

fe$ & clo!  himself1 !n x is bett] to   
use an inexp5sive ma*9e--z a w9dmill  or
 wat]mill--?an a co/ly "o l a           
/eam-eng9e1 s long z we h  natural =ce  
en\gh at our disposal4  ,:]eas at pres5t
 we cont9ually  he> economi/s regret t !
 wat]-p[] ( ! cascades or /reams (  a   
c\ntry %\ld be lo/1 b h>dly ev] t !     
muscul> p[] ( its  idle inhabitants %\ld
 be lo/2 &1 aga91 we see va/ di/ricts1 z
  ! s\? ( ,prov5ce1 :]e a /rong w9d99   
bl[s /eadily all day long  = six days   
out ( sev5 ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 )\t a w9dmill1
 :ile  m5 are cont9ually employ$ at a   
hundr$ miles to ! nor?1 9 digg+  fuel to
 obta9 artificial p[]4  ,b ! pr9cipal   
po9t ( all to be  kept 9 view is1 t 9 e 
idle arm & %\ld] ?r\gh\t !  c\ntry !re  
is a c]ta9 quantity ( =ce1 equival5t to 
! =ce (  s mu* fuel2 & t x is m]e insane
 wa/e to dig = coal = our  =ce1 :ile !  
vital =ce is unus$1 & n only unus$1 b 9 
be+  s1 corrupt+ & pollut+ itself4  ,we 
wa/e our coal1 & spoil our  humanity at 
"o & ! same in/ant4  ,!re=e1 :]ev] !re  

is an  idle arm1 always save coal ) x1 &
 ! /ores ( ,engl& w la/  all ! long]4   
,& precisely ! same argum5t answ]s !    
common "o  ab\t tak+ employm5t out ( !  
h&s ( ! indu/ri\s labor]4  ,:y1 :at is  
employm5t b ! putt+ out ( vital =ce     
in/ead (  me*anical =ce8  ,we are       
cont9ually 9 se>* ( means to pull1 to   
hamm]1 to fet*1 to c>ry4  ,we wa/e our  
future res\rces to get ?is  /r5g?1 :ile 
we leave all ! liv+ fuel to burn itself 
out 9 m]e  pe/if]\s brea?1 & production 
( its v>i\sly noisome =ms (  a%es6      
,cle>ly1 if we want fire = =ce1 we want 
m5 = =ce fir/4  ,! indu/ri\s h&s mu/    
already h s mu* to d t !y c d  no m1 or 
else we ne$ n use ma*9es to help !m4    
,!n use !  idle h&s fir/4  ,in/ead (    
dragg+ petroleum ) a /eam-eng9e1 put  x 
on a canal1 & drag x ) human arms &     
%\ld]s4  ,petroluem  _c possibly be 9 a 
hurry to arrive any:]e4  ,we c always   
ord]  t1 & _m o!r ?+s1 "t en\gh be=e we 
want x4  ,s1 !  c>riage ( ev]y?+ :i*    
does n spoil by keep+ may mo/           

:olesomely & safely be done by          
wat]-traction & sail+-vessels2 &  no    
heal?i] "w c m5 be put to1 nor bett]    
discipl9e1 ?an su*  active port]age4    
99 ,9 ord] fully to utilize ?is natural 
p[]1 we only require ma*9]y  to turn !  
v>iable into a con/ant velocity--no     
insurm\ntable  difficulty4      #aca4   
7#b;d47 ,9 employ+ all ! muscul> p[] at 
our disposal we are to  make !          
employm5ts we *oose z educational z     
possible2 = a  :olesome human employm5t 
is ! fir/ & be/ me?od ( education1      
m5tal z well z bodily4  ,a man taught to
 pl\gh1 r[1 or /e] well1  & a woman     
taught to cook prop]ly1 & make a dress  
neatly1 are already  educat$ 9 _m       
ess5tial moral habits4  ,labor consid]$ 
z a  discipl9e has hi!rto be5 ?\ght (   
only = crim9als2 b ! real  & noble/     
function ( labor is to prev5t crime1 & n
 to be  ,re=matory1 b ,=matory4    #acb4
  ,! ?ird great pr9ciple ( employm5t is1
 t :5ev] !re is  pressure ( pov]ty to be
 met1 all en=c$ occupation %\ld be      

direct$  to ! production ( useful       
articles only2 t is to say1 ( food1 (   
simple clo?+1 ( lodg+1 or ( ! means (   
convey+1 di/ribut+1  & pres]v+ ^!4  ,x  
is yet little und]/ood by economi/s1 & n
  at all by ! public1 t ! employm5t (   
p]sons 9 a useless  bus9ess _c relieve  
ultimate di/ress4  ,! money giv5 to     
employ  rib&-mak]s at ,cov5try is m]ely 
s mu* money )drawn f :at  w\ld h employ$
 lace-mak]s at ,honiton2 or mak]s (     
some?+ else1  z useless1 else:]e4  ,we  
mu/ sp5d our money 9 "s way1 at "s  "t1 
& x _c at any "t be sp5t )\t employ+    
somebody4  ,if  we gamble x away1 !     
p]son :o w9s x mu/ sp5d x2 if we lose x 
9  a railroad speculation1 x has gone   
into "s "o else's pockets1 or  m]ely    
gone to pay navies = mak+ a useless     
embankm5t1 in/ead ( to  pay rib& or     
button mak]s = mak+ useless rib&s or    
buttons2 we  _c lose x 7unless by       
actually de/roy+ x7 )\t giv+  employm5t 
( "s k9d2 &1 !re=e1 :atev] quantity (   
money  exi/s1 ! relative quantity (     

employm5t mu/ "s day come out ( x2  b ! 
di/ress ( ! nation signifies t !        
employm5ts giv5 h  produc$ no?+ t w     
support its exi/5ce4  ,m5 _c live on    
rib&s1 or buttons1 or velvet1 or by go+ 
quickly f place to place2  & e co9 sp5t 
9 useless ornam5t1 or useless motion1 is
 s mu*  )drawn f ! national means (     
life4  ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful  uses (    
railroads is to enable ,a to travel f ! 
t[n ( ,x to take  away ! bus9ess ( ,b 9 
! t[n ( ,y2 :ile1 9 ! mean "t1 ,b       
travels f ! t[n ( ,y to take away ,a's  
bus9ess 9 ! t[n ( ,x4  ,b ! national    
weal? is n increas$ by ^! op]ations4    
,:]eas  e co9 sp5t 9 cultivat+ gr\nd1 9 
repair+ lodg+1 9 mak+  necess>y & good  
roads1 9 prev5t+ dang] by sea or l&1 & 9
  c>riage ( food or fuel :]e !y are     
requir$1 is s mu* absolute &  direct ga9
 to ! :ole nation4  ,to cultivate l&    
r\nd ,cov5try makes  liv+ easi] at      
,honiton1 & e acre ( s& ga9$ f ! sea 9  
,l9coln%ire1 makes life easi] all ov]   
,engl&4    #d?1 & la/ly4  ,s9ce = e idle

 p]son "s "o else mu/ be  work+ some:]e 
to provide him ) clo!s & food1 & do+1   
!re=e1 d\ble ! quantity ( "w t w\ld be  
en\gh = 8 own  ne$s1 x is only a matt] (
 pure ju/ice to compel ! idle p]son to  
"w = 8 ma9t5ance himself4  ,!           
conscription has be5 us$ 9 _m  c\ntries 
to take away labor]s :o support$ _!     
families1 f _!  useful "w1 & ma9ta9 !m =
 purposes *iefly ( milit>y display  at !
 public exp5se4  ,s9ce ?is has be5 long 
endur$ by ! mo/  civiliz$ nations1 let x
 n be ?\ght !y w\ld n mu* m gladly      
endure a conscription :i* %\ld seize    
only ! vici\s & idle1  already liv+ by  
crim9al proc$ures at ! public exp5se2 & 
:i*  %\ld discipl9e & educate !m to     
labor :i* w\ld n only ma9ta9  !mselves1 
b be s]viceable to ! commonweal?4  ,! "q
 is  simply ?is3 we mu/ fe$ ! drunk>d1  
vagabond1 & ?ief2 b %all we  d s by     
lett+ !m /eal _! food1 & d no "w = x8 or
 %all  we give !m _! food 9 appo9t$     
quantity1 & en=ce _! do+  "w :i* %all be
 wor? x1 & :i*1 9 process ( "t1 w r$eem 

_! own *>act]s & make !m happy &        
s]viceable memb]s (  society8    ,i f9d 
by me a viol5t little fragm5t (         
undeliv]$ lecture1 :i* puts  ?is1       
p]haps1 /ill m cle>ly4  ,y\r idle p 7x  
says71 z !y  are n[1 are n m]ely wa/e   
coal-b$s4  ,!y are explosive coal-b$s1  
:i* y pay a high annual r5t =4  ,y are  
keep+ all ^! idle  p]sons1 rememb]1 at  
f> great] co/ ?an if !y 7 busy4  ,d y   
?9k a vici\s p]son eats less ?an an     
hone/ "o8 or t x is  *eap] to keep a bad
 man drunk1 ?an a good man sob]8  ,!re  
is1 ,i  suppose1 a dim idea 9 ! m9d ( ! 
public1 t !y don't pay =  ! ma9t5ance ( 
p !y don't employ4  ,^? /agg]+ rascals  
at ! /reet corn]1 gr\p$ ar\nd its       
spl5did angle ( public-h\se1  we fancy t
 !y are no s]vants ( ours6 t we pay !m  
no wages6  t no ca% out ( our pockets is
 sp5t ov] t be]-/a9$ c\nt]6    ,^: ca%  
is x !n !y are sp5d+8  ,x is n got      
hone/ly by "w4  ,y "k t mu*4  ,:]e d !y 
get x f8  ,:o has paid = _!  d9n] & _!  
pot8  ,^? fell[s c only live 9 "o ( two 

ways--by  pillage or begg>y4  ,_! annual
 income by ?iev+ comes out ( !  public  
pocket1 y w admit4  ,!y are n *eaply f$1
 s f> z !y  are f$ by !ft4  ,b ! re/ (  
_! liv+--all t !y don't  /eal--!y mu/   
beg4  ,n ) success f y1 y ?9k4  ,wise1 z
  b5evol5t1 y nev] gave a p5ny 9        
indiscrim9ate *>ity4  ,well1  ,i        
congratulate y on ! fre$om ( y\r        
consci5ce f t s91 m9e  be+ bitt]ly      
burd5$ ) ! memory ( _m a sixp5ce giv5 to
  begg>s ( :om ,i knew no?+ b t !y _h   
pale faces & ?9  wai/s4  ,b x is n t k9d
 ( /reet begg>y t is ! wor/  begg>s'    
trade4  ,home alms :i* x is _! wor/     
degradation to  receive4  ,^? scamps "k 
well en\gh t y & y\r wisdom are  wor?   
no?+ to !m4  ,!y won't beg ( y4  ,!y w  
beg ( _!  si/]s1 & mo!rs1 & wives1 &    
*ildr51 & ( any "o else :o is  en\gh    
a%am$ ( be+ ( ! same blood ) !m to pay  
to keep !m  out ( sight4  ,e "o ( ^?    
blackgu>ds is ! bane ( a family4  ,t is 
! deadly indiscrim9ate *>ity--! *>ity   
:i* ea*  h\sehold pays to ma9ta9 its own

 private curse4    #acc4  ,& y ?9k t is 
no affair ( y\rs8 & t e family  ought to
 wat* ov] & subdue its own liv+ plague8 
,put x to  y\rselves ?is way1 !n3       
suppose y knew e "o ( ^? families  kept 
an idol 9 an inn] room--a big-belli$    
bronze figure1 to :i*  daily sacrifice &
 oblation 0 made2 at ^: feet s mu* be] &
  br&y 0 p\r$ out e morn+ on ! gr\nd2 & 
be=e :i*1  e night1 good meat1 en\gh =  
two m5's keep1 0 set1 & left1  till x 0 
putrid1 & !n c>ri$ out & ?r[n on !      
dunghill2 y  w\ld put an end to t =m (  
idolatry ) y\r be/ dilig5ce1 ,i         
suppose4  ,y w\ld und]/& !n t ! be]1 &  
br&y1 & meat1  7 wa/$2 & t ! burd5      
impos$ by ea* h\sehold on itself lay    
heavily ?r\gh !m on ! :ole community8   
,b1 suppose fur!r1 t  ?is idol 7 n (    
sil5t & quiet bronze only1 b an +5i\s   
me*anism1 w\nd up e morn+1 to run itself
 d[n into automatic  blasphemies2 t x   
/ruck & tore ) its h&s ! p :o set  food 
be=e x2 t x 0 ano9t$ ) poison\s ungu5ts1
 &  infect$ ! air = miles r\nd4  ,y w\ld

 int]f]e ) ! idolatry  !n1 /raightway8  
,w y n int]f]e ) x n[1 :5 !  infection t
 !y v5om\s idol spreads is n m]ely dea?1
 b s98    #acd4  ,s f> ! old lecture4   
,return+ to cool ,engli%1 ! end ( !     
matt] is1 t1 soon] or lat]1 we %all h to
 regi/] our p2  & to "k h[ !y live2 & to
 make sure1 if !y are capable ( "w1  t  
"r "w is giv5 !m to d4    ,! diff]5t    
classes ( "w = :i* bodies ( m5 c\ld be  
consi/5tly organiz$1 might ultimately   
become num]\s2 ^! foll[+  divisions (   
occupation may all at once be sugge/$3  
,i4  ,road-mak+4--,good roads to be     
made1 :]ev] ne$$1 & kept 9  repair2 & ! 
annual loss on unfrequ5t$ roads1 9      
spoil$ horses1  /ra9$ :eels1 & "t1 done 
away )4       ,,ii4  ,br++ 9 ( wa/e     
l&4--,all wa/e l&s n necess>y =  public 
heal?1 to be made accessible & gradually
 reclaim$2 *iefly our  wide & wa/e      
sea%ores4  ,n our m\nta9s nor moorl&4   
,our life  dep5ds on !m1 m ?an on ! be/ 
arable we h4       ,,iii4               
,h>bor-mak+4--,! defici5cies ( safe or  

conv5i5t h>borage  9 our small] ports to
 be rem$i$2 o!r h>bors built at dang]\s 
po9ts ( coa/1 & a discipl9$ body ( m5   
always kept 9 connection  ) ! pilot &   
life-boat s]vices4  ,!re is room = e    
ord] (  intellig5ce 9 ?is "w1 & = a l>ge
 body ( sup]ior (fic]s4       ,,iv4     
,port]age4--,all heavy goods1 n requir+ 
spe$ 9 transit1 to  be c>ri$ 7"u        
prev5tative duty on transit1 by         
railroad7 by  canal-boats1 employ+ m5 = 
draught2 & ! m]*ant-%ipp+ s]vice  ext5d$
 by sea2 s t no %ips may be wreck$ =    
want ( h&s1 :ile  !re are idle ones 9   
mis*ief on %ore4       ,v4  ,repair (   
build+s4--,a body ( m5 9 v>i\s trades to
 be kept  at ! disposal ( ! au?orities 9
 e l>ge t[n1 = repair (  build+s1       
especially ! h\ses ( ! poor] ord]s1 :o1 
if no su*  provision 7 made1 c\ld n     
employ workm5 on _! own h\ses1 b  w\ld  
simply live ) r5t walls & ro(s4         
,,vi4  ,dressmak+4--,sub/antial dress1 (
 /&>d mat]ial & k9d1  /rong %oes1 & /\t 
b$d+1 to be manufactur$ = ! poor1 s z   

to r5d] x unnecess>y = !m1 unless by    
extremity ( improvid5ce1  to we> ca/    
clo!s1 or be )\t suffici5cy ( clo?+4    
,,vii4  ,works ( ,art4--,s*ools to be   
e/abli%$ on ?or\ghly s\nd  pr9ciples (  
manufacture1 & use ( mat]ials1 & )      
sample &1 =  giv5 p]iods1 unalt]able    
modes ( "w2 fir/1 9 pott]y1 &  embrac+  
gradually metal "w1 sculpture1 &        
decorative pa9t+2 !  two po9ts insi/$   
^u1 9 di/9ction f ord9>y comm]cial      
e/abli%m5ts1 be+ p]fectness ( mat]ial to
 ! utmo/ atta9able  degree2 & !         
production ( ev]y?+ by h&-"w1 = !       
special  purpose ( develop+ p]sonal p[] 
& skill 9 ! workman4    ,! la/ two      
dep>tm5ts1 & "s subord9ate bran*es (    
o!rs1 w\ld  include ! s]vice ( wom5 &   
*ildr54    ,i give n[1 = su* fur!r      
illu/rations z !y conta9 ( ! po9ts  ,i  
desire mo/ to insi/ ^u ) respect bo? to 
education &  employm5t1 a portion ( !   
s]ies ( notes publi%$ "s "t ago 9  !    
,art ,j\rnal1 on ! opposition ( ,mode/y 
& ,lib]ty1 & !  unescapable law ( wise  

re/ra9t4  ,i am sorry t !y are writt5   
obscurely--& x may be ?\ght affect$ly2 b
 ! fact is1 ,i h  always _h ?ree diff]5t
 ways ( writ+3 "o1 ) ! s+le view (  mak+
 myself und]/ood1 9 :i* ,i necess>ily   
omit a great deal (  :at comes into my  
head2 ano!r1 9 :i* ,i say :at ,i ?9k    
ought to be  said1 9 :at ,i suppose to  
be ! be/ words ,i c f9d = x 7:i* is  9  
reality an affect$ /yle--be x good or   
bad72 & my ?ird way (  writ+ is to say  
all t comes into my head = my own       
pleasure1 9 !  fir/ words t come1 ret\*+
 !m aft]w>d into 7approximate7  gramm>4 
,^! notes = ! ,art ,j\rnal 7 s writt52 &
 ,i l  !m myself1 ( c\rse2 b ask !      
read]'s p>don = _!  confus$ness4        
#ace4  ,sir1 x _c be bett] done4    ,we 
w insi/1 ) ! read]'s p]mission1 on ?is  
com=tful say+  ( ,alb]t ,dr]'s 9 ord] to
 f9d out1 if we may1 :at ,mode/y is2 :i*
  x w be well = pa9t]s1 read]s1 &       
especially critics1 to "k1  be=e go+    
f>!r4  ,:at x is2 or1 r1 :o %e is1 h]   
f+]s  be+ among ! defte/ 9 lay+ !       

gr\nd-?reads ( ,aglaia's ce/us4    ,=   
?is same op9ion ( ,alb]t's is ent]ta9$  
by _m o!r p  respect+ _! own do+s--a v  
preval5t op9ion1 inde$1 ,i f9d x2  & !  
answ] itself1 ?\gh r>ely made ) !       
,nuremb]g]'s cru%+  decision1 is        
nev]!less (t5 en\gh intimat$1 )         
delicacy1 by  arti/s ( all c\ntries1 9  
_! v>i\s dialects4  ,nei!r c x  always  
be held an entirely mode/ "o1 z x       
assur$ly 0 9 ! man :o  w\ld sometimes   
e/imate a piece ( 8 unconqu]able "w at  
only !  wor? ( a plate ( fruit1 or a    
flask ( w9e--w\ld h tak5 ev5 "o  fig =  
x1 k9dly (f]$2 or giv5 x royally = no?+1
 to %[  8 h& to a fell[-k+ ( 8 own1 or  
any o!r craft--z ,ga9sbor\gh  gave !    
,boy at ! ,/ile = a solo on ! viol94    
,an entirely mode/  say+1 ,i repeat1 9  
him--n always 9 u4  ,= ,mode/y is !     
measur+ virtue1 ! virtue ( modes or     
limits4  ,%e is1 inde$1 said  to be only
 ! ?ird or y\nge/ ( ! *ildr5 ( ! c>d9al 
virtue1  ,temp]ance2 & apt to be        
despis$1 be+ m giv5 to ari?metic1 &  o!r

 vulg> /udies 7,c9d]ella-l71 ?an h] eld]
 si/]s2 b %e  is useful 9 ! h\sehold1 & 
arrives at great results ) h]           
y>d-measure & slate-p5cil--a pretty     
little ,m>*&e des ,modes1  cutt+ h]     
dress always accord+ to ! silk 7if ?is  
be ! prop]  fem99e read+ ( coat accord+ 
to ! clo?71 s t1 consult+  ) h] c>efully
 ( a morn+1 m5 get to "k n only _!      
income1  b _! 9 be+--to "k !mselves1 t  
is1 9 a gaug]'s mann]1  r\nd1 & up &    
d[n--surface & cont5ts2 :at is 9 !m &   
:at  may be got out ( !m2 & 9 f9e1 _!   
entire canon ( weight &  capacity4  ,t  
y>d-measure ( ,mode/y's1 l5t to ^? :o w 
use x1  is a curi\s musical re$1 & w g  
r\nd & r\nd wai/s t are  sl5d] en\gh1 ) 
lat5t melody 9 e jo9t ( x1 ! d>k root   
only be+ s\ndless1 moi/ f ! wave :]e9   
,null' altra pianta *e facesse fronda   
,o *e 'n durasse1 vi puote av] vita499  
99 ,purgatorio1 i4 #ajh1 #aji4      ,b  
:5 ! little si/] h]self takes x 9 h&1 to
 measure ?+s  outside ( u )1 ! jo9ts    
%oot out 9 an amaz+ mann]3 !  f\r-squ>e 

walls ev5 ( cele/ial cities be+         
measurable en\gh by  t re$2 & ! way     
po9t$ to !m1 ?\gh only to be foll[$1 or 
ev5 se51 9 ! dim />light %$ d[n f worlds
 amid/ :i* !re  is no "n ( ,measure any 
m1 ?\gh ! reality ( x always4  ,=1      
inde$1 to all true mode/y ! necess>y    
bus9ess is n inlook1 b  outlook1 &      
especially uplook3 x is only h] si/]    
,%amefac$ness1 :o  is kn[n by ! droop+  
la%es--,mode/y1 q o!rwise1 by h] l>ge   
eyes full ( wond]2 = %e nev] contemns   
h]self1 nor is a%am$ (  h]self1 b =gets 
h]self--at lea/ until %e has done some?+
 wor?  memory4  ,x is easy to peep &    
pott] ab\t "o's own defici5cies 9 a     
quiet immode/ discont5t2 b ,mode/y is s 
pleas$ ) o!r p's  do+s1 t %e has no     
leisure to lam5t h] own3 & ?us1 kn[+ !  
fre% feel+ ( cont5tm5t1 un/a9$ ) ?\ght (
 self1 %e does  n fe> be+ pleas$1 :5 !re
 is cause1 ) h] own rightness1 z  )     
ano!r's1 z ) ano!r's1 say+ calmly1 ,be x
 m9e or y\rs1  or ^: else's x may1 x is 
no matt]2 ?is also is well4  ,b !  "r to

 say su* a ?+ dep5ds on cont9ual rev]5ce
 & manifold  s5se ( failure4  ,if y h   
kn[n y\rself to h fail$1 y may  tru/1 :5
 x comes1 ! /range consci\sness (       
success2 if y h  fai?fully lov$ ! noble 
"w ( o!rs1 y ne$ n fe> to speak  )      
respect ( ?+s duly done1 ( y\r own4     
#acf4  ,b ! pr9cipal good t comes ( art 
be+ foll[$ 9 ?is  rev]5t feel+ is ( x4  
,m5 :o "k _! place c take x &  keep x1  
be x l[ or high1 cont5t$ly & firmly1    
nei!r yield+  nor grasp+2 & ! h>mony (  
h& & ?\ght foll[s1 r5d]+ all  great de$s
 ( art possible--de$s 9 :i* ! s\ls ( m5 
meet l  ! jewels 9 ! w9d[s ( ,aladd9's  
palace1 ! little gems & !  l>ge all     
equally pure1 ne$+ no cem5t b ! fitt+ ( 
facets2  :ile ! associative "w ( immode/
 m5 is all jo9tless1 & a/ir  ) wormy    
ambition2 putridly dissolute1 & =ev] on 
! crawl3 s  t if x come toge!r = a "t1 x
 c only be by metamorphosis  ?r\gh a    
fla% ( volcanic fire out ( ! vale (     
,siddim1 vitrify+  ! clay ( x1 & fa/5+ !
 slime1 only to end 9 wild]  scatt]+2   

accord+ to ! fate ( ^? olde/1 mightie/1 
immode/e/  ( build]s1 ( :om x is told 9 
scorn1 ,!y _h brick = /one1 &  slime _h 
!y = mort>4    #acg4  ,! fir/ function (
 ,mode/y1 !n1 be+ ?is recognition (     
place1 h] second is ! recognition ( law1
 & delight 9 x1 = !  sake ( law itself1 
:e!r h] "p be to ass]t x1 or obey4  ,= z
 x  belongs to all immode/y to defy or  
d5y law1 & ass]t privilege &  lic5se1   
accord+ to its own pleasure 7x be+ !re=e
 rightly call$  insol5t1 t is1          
cu/om-break+1 violat+ "s usual &        
appo9t$ ord] to atta9 = itself great]   
=w>dness or p[]71 s x  is ! habit ( all 
mode/y to love ! con/ancy & solemnity1  
or1  lit]ally1 accu/om$ness1 ( law1     
seek+ fir/ :at are ! solemn1  appo9t$1  
inviolable cu/oms & g5]al ord]s (       
nature1 & ( !  ,ma/] ( nature1 t\*+ !   
matt] 9 h&2 & /riv+ to put  itself1 z   
habitually & inviolably1 9 compliance ) 
!m4  ,out (  :i* habit1 once e/abli%$1  
arises :at is rightly call$  consci5ce1 
nor sci5ce m]ely1 b )-sci5ce1 a sci5ce )

  u1 su* z only mode/ creatures c h--)  
or )9 !m--&  )9 all creation besides1 e 
memb] ( x1 /rong or weak1  witness+     
toge!r1 & jo9+ 9 ! happy consci\sness t 
ea*  "o's "w is good2 ! bee also be+    
pr(\ndly ( t op9ion2 &  ! l>k2 & !      
swall[1 9 t noisy1 b mode/ly upside-d[n1
 ,babel  ( h]s1 "u ! eaves1 ) its       
unvolcanic slime = mort>2 & !  two ants 
:o are ask+ ( ea* o!r at ! turn ( t     
little  ant's-foot-worn ba? ?r\gh ! moss
 lor via e lor =tuna2 & !  build]s also1
 :o built yond] pile ( cl\d-m>ble 9 !   
we/1 & !  gild] :o gild$ x1 & is gone   
d[n beh9d x4    #ach4  ,b ,i ?9k we %all
 bett] und]/& :at we ought ( ! nature  (
 ,mode/y1 & ( h] opposite1 by tak+ a    
simple in/ance ( bo?1 9  ! practice ( t 
art ( music :i* ! wise/ h agre$ 9  ?9k+ 
! fir/ elem5t ( education2 only ,i mu/  
ask ! read]'s  pati5ce ) me ?r\gh a     
p>5!sis4    ,among ! =emo/ m5 ^: p[] has
 _h to ass]t itself1 ?\gh )  conque/1   
yet ) c\ntless loss1 ?r\gh peculi>ly    
,engli%  disadvantages ( circum/ance1   

are assur$ly to be rank$ toge!r1 bo?  = 
honor1 & = m\rn+1 ,?omas ,bewick &      
,george ,cruik%ank4  ,!re  is1 h[ev]1   
less cause = regret 9 ! in/ance (       
,bewick4  ,we may  und]/& t x 0 well = u
 once to see :at an entirely ke5 &  true
 man's temp]1 c\ld a*ieve1 toge!r1      
unhelp$1 b also unh>m$1  among ! black  
bans & wolds ( ,tyne4  ,b ! g5ius (     
,cruik%ank has  be5 ca/ away 9 an utt]ly
 gha/ly & lam5table mann]3 8 sup]b      
l9e-"w1 wor?y ( any class ( subject1 & 8
 p[]s ( conception  & composition1 ( :i*
 ,i _c v5ture to e/imate ! range 9 _!   
degrad$ application1 hav+ be5 condemn$1 
by 8 fate1 to be sp5t  ei!r 9 rude je/+1
 or 9 va9 w> ) conditions ( vice too l[ 
alike = record or rebuke1 among ! dregs 
( ! ,briti% populace4  ,yet  p]haps ,i  
am wrong 9 regrett+ ev5 ?is3 x may be an
 appo9t$ lesson  = futurity1 t ! art ( !
 be/ ,engli% et*] 9 ! n9ete5?  c5tury1  
sp5t on illu/rations ( ! lives ( burgl>s
 & drunk>ds1  %\ld "o day be se5 9      
museums b5ea? ,greek vases frett$ )     

draw+s ( ! w>s ( ,troy1 or side by side 
) ,dr]'s ,knight &  ,dea?4    #aci4  ,be
 t z x may1 ,i am at pres5t glad to be  
able to ref] to "o  ( ^! p]petuations1  
by 8 /rong h&1 ( su* human "* z  our    
faultless ,briti% con/itution           
occasionally produces 9  out-(-!-way    
corn]s4  ,x is among 8 illu/rations ( ! 
,iri%  ,rebellion1 & repres5ts ! pillage
 & de/ruction ( a g5tleman's  h\se by ! 
mob4  ,!y h made a heap 9 ! draw+-room (
 !  furniture & books1 to set fir/ fire 
to2 & are te>+ up ! floor  = its m      
easily k9dl$ planks1 ! less             
busily-dispos$ mean:ile  hack+ r\nd 9   
rage1 ) axes1 & sma%+ :at !y c )        
butt-ends ( guns4  ,i d n c>e to foll[ )
 words ! gha/ly tru?  ( ! picture into  
its detail2 b ! mo/ expressive incid5t (
 !  :ole1 & ! "o imm$iately to my       
purpose1 is ?is1 t "o fell[  has sat    
himself at ! piano1 on :i*1 hitt+ d[n   
fi]cely ) 8  cl5*$ fi/s1 he plays1      
gr9n+1 su* tune z may be s producible1  
to  :i* melody two ( 8 companions1      

fl\ri%+ knott$ /icks1 dance1  aft] _!   
mann]1 on ! top ( ! in/rum5t4    #adj4  
,i ?9k we h 9 ?is conception z p]fect an
 in/ance z we  require ( ! l[e/         
supposable phase ( immode/ or lic5ti\s  
art 9  music2 ! inn] consci\sness ( good
 be+ dim1 ev5 9 ! musician  & 8 audi5ce1
 & :olly unsympa?iz$ )1 & unackn[l$g$ by
  ! ,delphian1 ,ve/al1 & all o!r        
prophetic & cosmic p[]s4  ,?is          
repres5t$ sc5e came into my m9d sudd5ly 
"o ev5+1 a few weeks  ago1 9 contra/ )  
ano!r :i* ,i 0 wat*+ 9 its reality2     
namely1 a gr\p ( g5tle s*ool-girls1     
lean+ ov] ,mr4 ,*>les ,hall1  z he 0    
play+ a v>iation on ,home1 ,sweet ,home4
  ,!y _h su/a9$  ) unwont$ c\rage !     
glance ( subdu$ indignation ) :i*1  hav+
 j clos$ a rippl+ melody ( ,seba/ian    
,ba*'s 7mu* l :at  "o might fancy ! s++ 
( night+ales w\ld be if !y f$ on honey  
in/ead ( flies71 he turn$ to ! slight1  
popul> air4  ,b !y _h  _! own           
associations ) x1 & bes\ght =1 & obta9$ 
x1 &  press$ close1 at fir/1 9 va91 to  

see :at no glance c\ld foll[1 !  trav]s+
 ( ! f+]s4  ,!y soon ?\ght no m ( see+4 
,! wet  eyes1 r\nd-op51 & ! little      
sc>let upp] lips1 lift$1 & drawn        
slightly toge!r1 9 passionate gl[ ( utt]
 wond]1 became  picture-l1 porcela9-l1 9
 motionless joy1 z ! sweet multitude  ( 
l[ notes fell1 9 _! timely inf9ities1 l 
summ] ra94  ,only  ,la ,robbia himself  
7nor ev5 he1 unless ) t5d]] use ( color 
?an is  usual 9 8 "w7 c\ld h r5d]$ "s   
image ( t li/5+4    #ada4  ,b if ! read]
 c give due vitality 9 8 fancy to ^! two
  sc5es1 he w h 9 !m repres5tative      
types1 cle> en\gh = all  future purpose1
 ( ! sev]al ag5cies ( debas$ & p]fect   
art4  ,&  ! int]val may easily &        
cont9u\sly be fill$ by m$iate           
gradations4  ,betwe5 ! entirely         
immodeset1 unmeasur$1 & 79 evil s5se7   
unmann]$1 execution ) ! fi/2 & !        
entirely mode/1 measur$1  & 79 ! noble/ 
s5se7 mann]$1 or moral'd execution ) !  
f+]2 betwe5 ! impati5t & unpractis$ do+1
 conta9+ 9 itself  ! witness ( la/+     

impati5ce & idl5ess ?r\gh all previ\s   
life1  & ! pati5t & practis$ do+1       
conta9+ 9 itself ! witness  (           
self-re/ra9t & unwe>i$ toil ?r\gh all   
previ\s life2 betwe5  ! express$ subject
 & s5tim5t ( home violation1 & !        
express$  subject & s5tim5t ( home love2
 betwe5 ! sympa?y ( audi5ce1  giv5 9    
irrev]5t & contemptu\s rage1 joyless z !
 rabidness ( a  dog1 & ! sympa?y (      
audi5ce giv5 9 an almo/ appall$ humility
 (  int5se1 raptur\s1 & yet entirely    
reason+ & reasonable pleasure2  betwe5  
^! two limits ( octave1 ! read] w f9d he
 c class1  accord+ to its mode/y1       
usefulness & grace1 or becom+ness1 all  
o!r musical art4  ,= al?\gh purity (    
purpose & f95ess (  execution by no     
means g toge!r1 degree to degree 7s9ce  
f9e1 &  inde$ all b ! f9e/1 "w is (t5   
sp5t 9 ! mo/ wanton purpose  --z 9 all  
our mod]n op]a--& ! rude/ execution is  
aga9 (t5  jo9$ ) pure/ purpose1 z 9 a   
"m's song to h] *ild71 /ill  ! entire   
accompli%m5t ( music is only 9 ! union (

 bo?4  ,= !  diff]5ce betwe5 t all b    
f9e/ & f9e/ is an inf9ite "o2  & besides
 ?is1 h[ev] ! p[] ( ! p]=m]1 once       
atta9$1 may  be aft]w>ds misdirect$1 9  
slav]y to popul> passion or *ildi%ness1 
& sp5d itself1 at its sweete/1 9 idle   
melodies1 cold & ephem]al  7l ,mi*ael   
,angelo's sn[ /atue 9 ! o!r art71 or    
else 9 vici\s  difficulty & mis]able    
noise--crackl+ ( ?orns "u ! pot (       
public s5suality--/ill1 ! atta9m5t ( ?is
 p[]1 & !  ma9t5ance ( x1 involve always
 9 ! executant "s virtue or c\rage  (   
high k9d2 ! und]/&+ ( :i*1 & ( !        
diff]5ce betwe5  ! discipl9e :i*        
develops x & ! disord]ly ef=ts ( !      
amateur1 x w be "o ( our fir/ bus9esses 
to e/imate rightly4  ,&  ?\gh n inde$ by
 degree to degree1 yet 9 ess5tial       
relation 7z (  w9ds to waves1 ! "o be+  
always ! true cause ( ! o!r1 ?\gh  !y   
are n necess>ily ( equal =ce at ! same  
"t17 we %all f9d  vice 9 its v>ieties1 )
 art-failure1--& virtue 9 its v>ieties1 
) art-success1--fall & rise toge!r2 !   

peasant-girl's song at h]  sp9n+-:eel1 !
 peasant labor]'s to ! oaks &           
rills1--dome/ic  music1 feebly yet      
s5sitively skilful1--music = !          
multitude1 (  b5efic5t or ( traitor\s   
p[]1--dance-melodies1 pure & ord]ly1 or 
f\l & frantic1--m>*-music1 blatant 9 m]e
 fev] ( animal  pugnacity1 or maje/ic ) 
=ce ( national duty & memory1--         
song-music1 reckless1 s5sual1 sickly1   
slov5ly1 =getful ev5 ( !  fooli% words x
 effaces ) fooli% noise1--or ?\ghtful1  
sacr$1  heal?ful1 artful1 =ev] sanctify+
 noble ?\ght ) sep>ately  di/+ui%$      
lovel9ess ( belong+ s\nd1--all ^!       
families &  graduations ( good or evil1 
h[ev] m+l$1 foll[1 9 s f> z !y  are     
good1 "o con/ant law ( virtue 7or       
life-/r5g?1 :i* is !  lit]al mean+ ( !  
^w1 & its int5d$ "o1 9 wise m5's m\?s71 
& 9 s f> z !y are evil1 are evil by     
outlawry & unvirtue1 or  dea?-weakness4 
,!n1 pass+ :olly beyond ! doma9 ( dea?1 
we may  /ill imag9e ! asc5dant nobl5ess 
( ! art1 ?r\gh all !  concordant life ( 

incorrupt creatures1 & a cont9ually     
deep] h>mony  ( puissant words & murmurs
 made to bless1 until we rea*           
,! undi/urb$ song ( pure cons5t1        
,aye sung be=e ! sapphire-color$ ?rone4 
#adb4  ,& s f> z ! si/] arts c be       
conceiv$ to h place or  (fice1 _!       
virtues are subject to a law absolutely 
! same z t (  music1 only ext5d+ its    
au?ority into m v>i\s conditions1 ow+   
to ! introduction ( a di/9ctly          
repres5tative & hi/orical p[]1  :i* acts
 "u logical z well z ma!matical         
re/rictions1 & is  capable ( endlessly  
*angeful fault1 fallacy1 & defeat1 z    
well z (  endlessly manifold victory4   
#adc4  ,next to ,mode/y1 & h] delight 9 
measures1 let u reflect a  little on !  
"* ( h] adv]s>y1 ! ,goddess ( ,lib]ty1 &
 h]  delight 9 abs5ce ( measures1 or 9  
false ones4  ,x is true t !re  are      
lib]ties & lib]ties4  ,yond] torr5t1    
cry/al-cle>1 &  arr[-swift1 ) its spray 
leap+ into ! air l :ite troops (  fawns1
 is free en\gh4  ,lo/1 pres5tly1 amid/  

bankless1 b\ndless m>%  --soak+ 9 sl[   
%all[ness1 z x w1 hi!r & ?i!r1 li/less  
among ! poison\s re$s & unresi/+        
slime--x is free also4  ,we may  *oose  
:i* lib]ty we l1--! re/ra9t ( voiceful  
rock1 or !  dumb & edgeless %ore ( d>k5$
 s&4  ,( t evil lib]ty :i* m5  are n[   
glorify+ & proclaim+ z ess5ce ( gospel  
to all ! e>?1  & w pres5tly1 ,i suppose1
 proclaim also to ! />s1 )  invitation  
to !m out ( _! c\rses1--& ( its opposite
 cont95ce1  :i* is ! clasp & '*rusee    
p]one' ( ,aglaia's ce/us1 we mu/ try  to
 f9d out some?+ true4  ,= no quality (  
,art has be5 m p[]ful  9 its influ5ce on
 public m9d2 none is m frequ5tly !      
subject (  popul> praise1 or ! end (    
vulg> ef=t1 ?an :at we call ,fre$om4  ,x
 is necess>y to det]m9e ! ju/ice or     
inju/ice ( ?is popul>  praise4    #add4 
,i said1 a little :ile ago1 t !         
practical tea*+ ( !  ma/]s ( ,art 0     
summ$ by ! ,o ( ,giotto4  ,y may judge  
my  ma/]hood ( craft1 ,giotto tells u1  
by see+ t ,i c draw a  circle un]r+ly4  

,& we may safely believe him1 und]/&+   
him to  mean t1 ?\gh m may be necess>y  
to an arti/ ?an su* a p[]1  at lea/ ?is 
p[] is necess>y4  ,! qualities ( h& &   
eye ne$ful  to d ?is are ! fir/         
conditions ( arti/ic craft4    #ade4    
,try to draw a circle y\rself ) ! free  
h&1 & ) a  s+le l9e4  ,y _c d x if y\r  
h& trembles1 nor if x is 9 !  common    
s5se ( ! ^w free4  ,s f> f be+ free1 x  
mu/ be z  if x 7 fa/5$ to an inflexible 
b> ( /eel4  ,& yet x mu/ move1  "u ?is  
necess>y control1 ) p]fect1 untorm5t$   
s]5ity ( ease4    #adf4  ,t is !        
condition ( all good "w :atsoev]4  ,all 
fre$om is  error4  ,e l9e y lay d[n is  
ei!r "r or wrong2 x may be  timidly &   
awkw>dly wrong1 or fe>lessly & impud5tly
 wrong4  ,!  aspect ( ! impud5t         
wrongness is pleasurable to vulg>       
p]sons1 & is  :at !y commonly call free 
execution2 ! timid1 tott]+1  hesitat+   
wrongness is r>ely s attractive2 yet    
sometimes1 if  accompani$ ) good        
qualities1 & "r aims 9 o!r directions1 x

  becomes 9 a mann] *>m+1 l !           
in>ticulat5ess ( a *ild2 b1  :atev] !   
*>m or mann] ( ! error1 !re is b "o "q  
ultimately to be ask$ respect+ e l9e y  
draw1 ,is x "r or  wrong8  ,if "r1 x mo/
 assur$ly is n a free l9e1 b an         
int5sely cont95t1 re/ra9$1 & consid]$   
l9e2 & ! action (  ! h& 9 lay+ x is j z 
decisive1 & j z free1 z !  h& ( a       
fir/-rate surgeon 9 a critical incision4
  ,a great op]ator  told me t 8 h& c\ld 
*eck itself )9 ab\t ! two-hundr$?  ( an 
in*1 9 p5etrat+ a membrane2 & ?is1 (    
c\rse1 )\t !  help ( sight1 by s5sation 
only4  ,) help ( sight1 & 9 action on a 
sub/ance :i* does n quiv] or yield1 a   
f9e arti/'s l9e is  measurable 9 its    
propos$ direction to consid]ably less   
?an !  ?\s&? ( an in*4    ,a wide       
fre$om1 truly6    #adg4  ,! conditions (
 popul> art :i* mo/ fo/] ! common ideas 
ab\t fre$om1 are m]ely results (        
irregul>ly en]getic ef=t by m5          
imp]fectly educat$2 ^! conditions be+   
v>i\sly m+l$ )  crud] mann]isms result+ 

f timidity1 or actual imp]fection (     
body4  ,nor!rn h&s & eyes are1 ( c\rse1 
nev] s subtle z  ,s\!rn2 & 9 v cold     
c\ntries1 arti/ic execution is palsi$4  
,!  ef=t to break ?r\gh ?is timidity1 or
 to ref9e ! bluntness1 may  lead to a   
lic5ti\s impetuosity1 or an o/5tati\s   
m9ut5ess4  ,e  man's mann] has ?is k9d (
 relation to "s defect 9 8 physical     
p[]s or modes ( ?\ght2 s t 9 ! greate/  
"w !re is no  mann] visible4  ,x is at  
fir/ un9t]e/+ f its quietness2 !  maje/y
 ( re/ra9$ p[] only dawns gradually ^u  
u1 z we walk  t[>ds its horizon4    ,!re
 is1 inde$1 (t5 great delightfulness 9 !
 innoc5t mann]s (  arti/s :o h real p[] 
& hone/y1 & draw 9 ?is way or t1 z  be/ 
!y c1 "u su* & su* unt[>d circum/ances (
 life4  ,b  ! great] "p ( ! loos5ess1   
flims9ess1 or audacity ( mod]n "w  is ! 
expression ( an inn] _s ( lic5se 9 m9d &
 he>t1  connect$1 z ,i said1 ) ! peculi>
 folly ( ?is age1 its hope (1  & tru/ 91
 lib]ty1 ( :i* we mu/ reason a little 9 
m g5]al  t]ms4    #adh4  ,i believe we c

 n[h]e f9d a bett] type ( a p]fectly    
free  creature ?an 9 ! common h\se-fly4 
,nor free only1 b brave2 &  irrev]5t to 
a degree :i* ,i ?9k no human republican 
c\ld by any  philosophy exalt himself   
to4  ,!re is no c\rtesy 9 him2 he does n
  c>e :e!r x is k+ or cl[n :om he       
teases2 & 9 e /ep ( 8  swift me*anical  
m>*1 & 9 e pause ( 8 resolute           
obs]vation1  !re is "o & ! same         
expression ( p]fect egotism1 p]fect     
indep5d5ce & self-confid5ce1 &          
conviction ( ! _w's hav+  be5 made =    
flies4  ,/rike at him ) y\r h&1 & to    
him1 !  me*anical fact & ext]nal aspect 
( ! matt] is1 :at to y x  w\ld be if an 
acre ( r$ clay1 t5 feet ?ick1 tore      
itself up f !  gr\nd 9 "o massive field1
 hov]$ ov] y 9 ! air = a second1  & came
 cra%+ d[n ) an aim4  ,t is ! ext]nal   
aspect ( x2  ! inn] aspect1 to 8 fly's  
m9d1 is ( a q natural &  unimportant    
occurr5ce--"o ( ! mom5t>y conditions ( 8
 active  life4  ,he /eps out ( ! way (  
y\r h&1 & alights on ! back (  x4  ,y _c

 t]rify him1 nor gov]n him1 nor p]suade 
him1 nor  conv9ce him4  ,he has 8 own   
positive op9ion on all matt]s2 n an     
unwise "o1 usually1 = 8 own ends2 & w   
ask no advice ( y\rs4  ,he has no "w to 
d--no tyrannical in/9ct to obey4  ,!    
e>?worm has  8 digg+2 ! bee h] ga!r+ &  
build+2 ! spid] h] cunn+  network2 ! ant
 h] treasury & acc\nts4  ,all ^! are    
comp>atively  slaves1 or p ( vulg>      
bus9ess4  ,b y\r fly1 free 9 ! air1     
free 9 ! *amb]--a black inc>nation (    
caprice1 w&]+1  inve/igat+1 flitt+1     
flirt+1 fea/+ at 8 w1 ) ri*  v>iety (   
*oice 9 fea/1 f ! heap$ sweets 9 !      
groc]'s w9d[  to ^? ( ! but*]'s         
back-y>d1 & f ! gall$ place on y\r      
cab-horse's back1 to ! br[n spot 9 !    
road1 f :i*1 z ! ho(  di/urbs him1 he   
rises ) angry republican buzz--:at      
fre$om is l  88    #adi4  ,= captivity1 
aga91 p]haps y\r poor wat*-dog is z     
sorr[ful  a type z y w easily f9d4  ,m9e
 c]ta9ly is4  ,! day is lovely1  b ,i   
mu/ write ?is1 & _c g out ) him4  ,he is

 *a9$ 9 !  y>d because ,i d n l dogs 9  
rooms1 & ! g>d5] does n l  dogs 9 g>d5s4
  ,he has no books1--no?+ b 8 own we>y  
?\ghts  = company1 & a gr\p ( ^? free   
flies1 :om he snaps at1 )  sull5 ill    
success4  ,su* dim hope z he may h t ,i 
may take him out  ) me1 w be1 h\r by    
h\r1 we>ily disappo9t$2 or1 worse1 d>k5$
  at once into a lead5 despair by an    
au?oritative ,no--too well  und]/ood4   
,8 fidelity only seals 8 fate2 if he    
w\ld n wat* =  me1 he w\ld be s5t away1 
& g hunt+ ) "s happi] ma/]3 b  he       
wat*es1 & is wise1 & fai?ful1 &         
mis]able2 & 8 high animal  intellect    
only gives him ! wi/ful p[]s ( wond]1 & 
sorr[1 &  desire1 & affection1 :i*      
embitt] 8 captivity4  ,yet ( ! two1     
w\ld we r be wat*-dog or fly8    #aej4  
,inde$1 ! fir/ po9t we h all to det]m9e 
is n h[ free  we are1 b :at k9d (       
creatures we are4  ,x is ( small        
importance to  any ( u :e!r we get      
lib]ty2 b ( ! greate/ t we des]ve x4    
,:e!r we c w9 x1 fate mu/ det]m9e2 b t  

we w be wor?y (  x we may ourselves     
det]m9e2 & ! sorr[fulle/ fate ( all t we
  c suff] is to h x )\t des]v+ x4       
#aea4  ,i h h>dly pati5ce to hold my p5 
& g on writ+1 z ,i  rememb] 7,i w\ld t x
 7 possible = a few consecutive in/ants 
to  =get7 ! inf9ite follies ( mod]n     
?\ght 9 ?is matt]1 c5tr$ 9  ! notion t  
lib]ty is good = a man1 irrespectively (
 ! use he  is likely to make ( x4       
,folly unfa?omable6 unspeakable6        
un5durable to  look 9 ! full face (1 z !
 laugh ( a cret94  ,y w s5d y\r  *ild1 w
 y1 into a room :]e ! table is load$ )  
sweet w9e  & fruit--"s poison$1 "s n8--y
 w say to him1 ,*oose freely1  my little
 *ild6  ,x is s good = y to h fre$om (  
*oice2 x  =ms y\r "*--y\r individuality6
  ,if y take ! wrong cup or  ! wrong    
b]ry1 y w die be=e ! day is ov]1 b y w h
  acquir$ ! dignity ( a ,free *ild8     
#aeb4  ,y ?9k t puts ! case too %>ply8  
,i tell y1 lov] (  lib]ty1 !re is no    
*oice (f]$ to y1 b x is simil>ly betwe5 
life & dea?4  ,!re is no act1 nor option

 ( act1 possible1 b !  wrong de$ or     
option has poison 9 x :i* w /ay 9 y\r   
ve9s  !reaft] =ev]4  ,nev] m to all     
et]nity c y be z y might  h be5 _h y n  
done t--*os5 t4  ,y h =m$ y\r  "*1      
=soo?6  ,no2 if y h *os5 ill1 y h       
,de-=m$  x1 & t = ev]6  ,9 "s *oices x  
_h be5 bett] = y t  a r$-hot iron b>    
/ruck y aside1 sc>r$ & helpless1 ?an t y
  _h s *os54  ,y w "k bett] next "t6    
,no4  ,next "t w  nev] come4  ,next "t !
 *oice w be 9 q ano!r aspect--  betwe5 q
 diff]5t ?+s1--y1 weak] ?an y 7 by !    
evil  into :i* y h fall52 x1 m d\btful  
?an x 01 by !  increas$ dimness ( y\r   
sight4  ,no "o ev] gets wis] by do+     
wrong1  nor /rong]4  ,y w get wis] &    
/rong] only by do+ "r1  :e!r =c$ or n2 !
 prime1 ! "o ne$ is to d t1 "u  :atev]  
compulsion1 until y c d x )\t           
compulsion4  ,& !n  y are a ,man4       
#aec4  ,:at6 a wayw>d y\? might p]haps  
answ]1 incr$ul\sly1 no  "o ev] gets wis]
 by do+ wrong8  ,%all ,i n "k ! _w be/  
by  try+ ! wrong ( x1 & rep5t+8  ,h ,i  

n1 ev5 z x is1  le>n$ mu* by _m ( my    
errors8  ,inde$1 ! ef=t by :i*  p>tially
 y recov]$ y\rself 0 preci\s2 t "p ( y\r
 ?\ght  by :i* y disc]n$ ! error 0      
preci\s4  ,:at wisdom & /r5g?  y kept1 &
 rightly us$1 are rew>d$2 & 9 ! pa9 & ! 
rep5tance1 & 9 ! acqua9tance ) ! aspects
 ( folly & s91  y h le>n$ some?+2 h[ mu*
 less ?an y w\ld h le>n$ 9  "r pa?s c   
nev] be told1 b t x is less is c]ta94   
,y\r  lib]ty ( *oice has simply de/roy$ 
= y s mu* life & /r5g?  nev] rega9able4 
,x is true1 y n[ "k ! habits ( sw9e1 & !
  ta/e ( husks2 d y ?9k y\r fa!r c\ld n 
h taught y to  "k bett] habits &        
pleasant] ta/es1 if y _h /ay$ 9 8 h\se2 
& t ! k y h lo/ w\ld n h be5 m1 z well z
  sweet]1 ?an t y h ga9$8  ,b x s =ms my
 individuality  to be free6  ,y\r       
individuality 0 giv5 y by ,god1 & 9 y\r 
race1  & if y h any to speak (1 y w want
 no lib]ty4  ,y w want  a d5 to "w 91 & 
peace1 & light--no m1--9 absolute ne$2  
if  m1 9 anywise1 x w /ill n be lib]ty1 
b direction1  in/ruction1 repro(1 &     

sympa?y4  ,b if y h no individuality1 if
  !re is no true "* nor true desire 9 y1
 !n y w inde$  want to be free4  ,y w   
beg9 e>ly1 &1 z a boy1 desire to be a   
man2 &1 z a man1 ?9k y\rself z good z e 
o!r4  ,y w  *oose freely to eat1 freely 
to dr9k1 freely to /agg] & fall1        
freely1 at la/1 to curse y\rself & die4 
,dea? is ! only real  fre$om possible to
 u2 & t is consummate fre$om1 p]mission 
=  e p>ticle 9 ! rott+ body to leave its
 neighbor p>ticle1 &  %ift = itself4  ,y
 call x corruption 9 ! fle%2 b be=e x   
comes to t1 all lib]ty is an equal      
corruption 9 m9d4  ,y ask =  fre$om (   
?\ght2 b if y h n suffici5t gr\nds =    
?\ght1  y h no bus9ess to ?9k2 & if y h 
suffici5t gr\nds1 y  h no bus9ess to ?9k
 wrong4  ,only "o ?\ght is possible to y
 if  y are wise--y\r lib]ty is          
geometrically proportionate to y\r      
folly4    #aed4  ,b all ?is glory &     
activity ( our age2 :at are !y ow+  to1 
b to fre$om ( ?\ght8  ,9 a measure1 !y  
are ow+--:at good  is 9 !m--to !        

discov]y ( _m lies1 & ! escape f ! p[]  
( evil4  ,n to lib]ty1 b to ! deliv]ance
 f evil or cruel  ma/]s4  ,brave m5 h   
d>$ to exam9e lies :i* _h long be5      
taught1 n because !y 7 free-?9k]s1 b    
because !y 7 su*  /]n & close ?9k]s t ! 
lie c\ld no long] escape !m4  ,(  c\rse 
! re/riction ( ?\ght1 or ( its          
expression1 by p]secution1  is m]ely a  
=m ( viol5ce1 ju/ifiable or n1 z o!r    
viol5ce is1  accord+ to ! "* ( ! p]sons 
aga9/ :om x is ex]cis$1  & ! div9e &    
et]nal laws :i* x v9dicates or violates4
  ,we mu/  n burn a man alive = say+ t !
 ,a?anasian cre$ is  ungrammatical1 nor 
/op a bi%op's sal>y because we are gett+
 !  wor/ ( an argum5t ) him2 nei!r mu/  
we let drunk5 m5 h[l 9  ! public /reets 
at night4  ,!re is mu* t is true 9 ! "p 
(  ,mr4 ,mill's essay on ,lib]ty :i*    
treats ( fre$om ( ?\ght2 "s  important  
tru?s are !re beautifully express$1 b   
_m1 q vital1  are omitt$2 & ! balance1  
!re=e1 is wrongly /ruck4  ,! lib]ty  (  
expression1 ) a great nation1 w\ld      

become l t 9 a  well-educat$ company1 9 
:i* !re is inde$ fre$om ( spee*1 b  n ( 
clamor2 or l t 9 an ord]ly s5ate1 9 :i* 
m5 :o  des]ve to be he>d1 are he>d 9 due
 "t1 & "u det]m9$  re/rictions4  ,!     
degree ( lib]ty y c rightly grant to a  
numb]  ( m5 is 9 ! inv]se ratio ( _!    
desire = x2 & a g5]al  hu%1 or call to  
ord]1 w\ld be (t5 v desirable 9 ?is     
,engl& (  ours4  ,= ! re/1 ( any good or
 evil ext5t1 x is impossible to say  :at
 measure is ow+ to re/ra9t1 & :at to    
lic5se :]e ! "r  is balanc$ betwe5 !m4  
,i 0 n a little provok$ "o day1 a summ] 
or two s9ce1 9 ,scotl&1 because ! ,duke 
( ,a?ol h9d]$ me f  exam9+ ! gneiss &   
slate junctions 9 ,gl5 ,tilt1 at ! h\r  
conv5i5t to me2 b ,i saw !m at la/1 & 9 
quietness2 & to !  v re/riction t annoy$
 me1 ow$1 probably1 ! fact ( _! be+  9  
exi/5ce1 in/ead ( be+ bla/$ away by a   
mob-company2 :ile !  free pa?s & inlets 
( ,lo* ,katr9e & ! ,lake ( ,g5eva are   
=ev] trampl$ d[n & de/roy$1 n by "o     
duke1 b by t5s (  ?\s&s ( ignorant      

tyrants4    #aee4  ,s1 a ,dean & ,*apt] 
may1 p]haps1 unju/ifiably *>ge me       
twop5ce = see+ a ca!dral2 b y\r free mob
 pulls spire & all  d[n ab\t my e>s1 &  
,i c see x no m =ev]4  ,& ev5 if ,i  _c 
get up to ! granite junctions 9 ! gl51 !
 /ream comes d[n  f !m pure to ! ,g>ry2 
b 9 ,b$d+ton ,p>k ,i am /opp$ by !      
newly-erect$ f5ce ( a build+ speculator2
 & ! bright ,w&el1  div9e ( wat]s z     
,ca/aly1 is fill$ by ! free public ) old
 %oes1  obsc5e crock]y1 & a%es4    #aef4
  ,9 f9e1 ! argum5ts = lib]ty may 9     
g5]al be summ$ 9 a  few v simple =ms1 z 
foll[s3    ,misguid+ is mis*iev\s3 !re=e
 guid+ is4    ,if ! bl9d lead ! bl9d1   
bo? fall into ! dit*3 !re=e1 nobody     
%\ld lead anybody4    ,lambs & fawns    
%\ld be left free 9 ! fields2 mu* m be>s
 &  wolves4    ,if a man's gun & %ot are
 8 own1 he may fire 9 any direction he  
pleases4    ,a f5ce across a road is    
inconv5i5t2 mu* m "o at ! side ( x4     
,babes %\ld n be swaddl$ ) _! h&s b\nd  
d[n to _! sides3  !re=e !y %\ld be ?r[n 

out to roll 9 ! k5nels nak$4    ,none ( 
^! argum5ts are good1 & ! practical     
issues ( !m are  worse4  ,= !re are     
c]ta9 et]nal laws = human conduct :i*   
are  q cle>ly disc]nible by human       
reason4  ,s f> z ^! are  discov]$ &     
obey$1 by :atev] ma*9]y or au?ority !   
ob$i5ce  is procur$1 !re foll[ life &   
/r5g?4  ,s f> z !y are  disobey$1 by    
:atev] good int5tion ! disob$i5ce is    
br\ght ab\t1  !re foll[ ru9 & sorr[4  ,&
 ! fir/ duty ( e man 9 !  _w is to f9d 8
 true ma/]1 &1 = 8 own good1 submit to  
him2  & to f9d 8 true inf]ior1 &1 = t   
inf]ior's good1 conqu]  him4  ,!        
puni%m5t is sure1 if we ei!r refuse !   
rev]5ce1 or are  too c[>dly & indol5t to
 en=ce ! compulsion4  ,a base nation    
crucifies or poisons its wise m51 & lets
 its fools rave & rot 9 !  /reets4  ,a  
wise nation obeys ! "o1 re/ra9s ! o!r1 &
 *]i%es  all4    #aeg4  ,! be/ examples 
( ! results ( wise normal evid5ce 9 ,art
  w be f\nd 9 :atev] evid5ce rema9s     
respect+ ! lives ( great  ,italian      

pa9t]s1 ?\gh1 unhappily1 9 eras (       
progress1 b j 9  proportion to !        
admirabl5ess & effici5cy ( ! life1 w be 
usually ! scant9ess ( its hi/ory4  ,!   
individualities & lib]ties  :i* are     
causes ( de/ruction may be record$2 b ! 
loyal conditions  ( daily brea? are nev]
 told4  ,because ,leon>do made models ( 
ma*9es1 dug canals1 built =tifications1 
& dissipat$ half 8  art-p[] 9 caprici\s 
+5uities1 we h _m anecdotes ( him2--b   
no picture ( importance on canvas1 &    
only a few )]$ /a9s ( "o  ^u a wall4  ,b
 because 8 pupil1 or reput$ pupil1      
,lu9i1 labor$ 9  con/ant & successful   
simplicity1 we h no anecdotes (         
him2--only  hundr$s ( noble works4      
,lu9i is1 p]haps1 ! be/ c5tral type ( ! 
highly-tra9$ ,italian pa9t]4  ,he is !  
only man :o entirely unit$  ! religi\s  
temp] :i* 0 ! _s-life ( art1 ) !        
physical  p[] :i* 0 its bodily life4    
,he jo9s ! purity & passion (  ,angelico
 to ! /r5g? ( ,v]onese3 ! two elem5ts1  
pois$ 9 p]fect  balance1 are s calm$ &  

re/ra9$1 ea* by ! o!r1 t mo/ ( u  lose !
 s5se ( bo?4  ,! arti/ does n see !     
/r5g?1 by reason  ( ! *a/5$ _s 9 :i* x  
is us$3 & ! religi\s vision>y  does n   
recognize ! passion1 by reason ( ! frank
 human tru? )  :i* x is r5d]$4  ,he is a
 man t5 times great] ?an ,leon>do2--a   
mighty colori/1 :ile ,leon>do 0 only a  
f9e draughtsman 9 black1  /a9+ !        
*i>oscuro draw+1 l a color$ pr9t3 he    
p]ceiv$ &  r5d]$ ! delicate/ types (    
human beauty t h be5 pa9t$  s9ce ! days 
( ! ,greeks1 :ile ,leon>do deprav$ 8 f9]
 in/9cts  by c>icature1 & rema9$ to !   
end ( 8 days ! slave ( an  ar*aic smile3
 & he is a design] z frank1 in/9ctive1 &
  exhau/less z ,t9toret1 :ile ,leon>do's
 design is only an agony (  sci5ce1     
admir$ *iefly because x is pa9ful1 &    
capable ( analysis  9 its be/           
accompli%m5t4  ,lu9i has left no?+ beh9d
 him t is  n lovely2 b ( 8 life ,i      
believe h>dly any?+ is kn[n beyond      
remnants ( tradition :i* murmur ab\t    
,lugano & ,s>onno1 & :i*  rema9         

unglean$4  ,?is only is c]ta91 t he 0   
born 9 !  lovelie/ di/rict ( ,nor?      
,italy1 :]e hills1 & /reams1 & air  meet
 9 s(te/ h>monies4  ,*ild ( ! ,alps1 & (
 _! div9e/  lake1 he is taught1 )\t d\bt
 or dismay1 a l(ty religi\s cre$1 &  a  
suffici5t law ( life1 & ( its me*anical 
arts4  ,:e!r lesson$  by ,leon>do       
himself1 or m]ely "o ( _m discipl9$ 9 ! 
sy/em (  ! ,milanese s*ool1 he le>ns    
un]r+ly to draw1 un]r+ly &  endur+ly to 
pa9t4  ,8 tasks are set him )\t "q day  
by day1  by m5 :o are ju/ly satisfi$ ) 8
 "w1 & :o accept x )\t  any h>mful      
praise1 or s5seless blame4  ,place1     
scale1 & subject are  det]m9$ = him on !
 cloi/] wall or ! *ur* dome2 z he is    
requir$1 & = suffici5t daily bread1 &   
little m1 he pa9ts :at  he has be5      
taught to design wisely1 & has passion  
to realize  glori\sly3 e t\* he lays is 
et]nal1 e ?\ght he conceives is         
beautiful & pure3 8 h& moves always 9   
radiance ( bless+2 f  day to day 8 life 
enl>ges 9 p[] & peace2 x passes away    

cl\dlessly1 ! />ry twilight rema9+ ar*$ 
f> aga9/ ! night4    #aeh4  ,oppose to  
su* a life z ?is t ( a great pa9t] amid/
 !  elem5ts ( mod]n ,engli% lib]ty4     
,take ! life ( ,turn]1 9 :om !  arti/ic 
en]gy & inh]5t love ( beauty 7 at lea/ z
 /rong z 9  ,lu9i3 b1 amid/ ! disord] & 
gha/l9ess ( ! l[] /reets (  ,london1 8  
in/9cts 9 e>ly infancy 7 w>p$ into      
tol]ation (  evil1 or ev5 into delight 9
 x4  ,he ga!rs :at he c ( in/ruction  by
 que/ion+ & pry+ among half-in=m$ ma/]s2
 spells out "s  k ( classical fable2    
educates himself1 by an admirable =ce1  
to  ! production ( wildly maje/ic or    
pa!tically t5d] & pure  pictures1 by :i*
 he _c live4  ,!re is no "o to judge !m1
 or to  comm& him3 only "s ( ! ,engli%  
upp] classes hire him to pa9t  _! h\ses 
& p>ks1 & de/roy ! draw+s aft]w>ds by ! 
mo/  wanton neglect4  ,tir$ ( labor+    
c>efully1 )\t ei!r rew>d or  praise1 he 
da%es out into v>i\s exp]im5tal & popul>
 works--makes  himself ! s]vant ( ! l[] 
public1 & is dragg$ hi!r &  ?i!r at _!  

w2 :ile yet1 helpless & guideless1 he   
indulges 8  idiosyncrasies till !y *ange
 into insanities2 ! /r5g? ( 8 s\l       
increas+ its suff]+s1 & giv+ =ce to its 
errors2 all !  purpose ( life deg5]at+  
into in/9ct2 & ! web ( 8 "w  wr\ght1 at 
la/1 ( beauties too subtle to be        
und]/ood1 8 lib]ty1  ) vices too s+ul>  
to be =giv5--all useless1 because       
magnific5t  idiosyncrasy _h become      
solitude1 or cont5tion1 9 ! mid/ ( a    
reckless populace1 in/ead ( submitt+    
itself 9 loyal h>mony to !  ,art-laws ( 
an und]/&+ nation4  ,& ! life pass$ away
 9  d>kness2 & its f9al "w1 9 all ! be/ 
beauty ( x1 has already  p]i%$1 only    
en\gh rema9+ to tea* u :at we h lo/4    
#aei4  ,^! are ! opposite effects ( ,law
 & ( ,lib]ty on m5 ( !  highe/ p[]s4  ,9
 ! case ( inf]iors ! contra/ is /ill m  
fatal3 "u /rict law1 !y become !        
subord9ate work]s 9 great  s*ools1      
heal?ily aid+1 e*o+1 or supply+1 )      
multitud9\s  =ce ( h&1 ! m9d ( ! lead+  
ma/]s3 !y are ! nameless  c>v]s ( great 

ar*itecture--/a9]s ( glass--hamm]]s (   
iron--  helpful s*ol>s1 ^: "w ranks     
r\nd1 if n )1 _! ma/]'s1  & nev]        
disgraces x4  ,b ! inf]iors "u a sy/em (
 lic5se  = ! mo/ "p p]i% 9 mis]able     
ef=t299 a few /ruggle into  p]nici\s    
em95ce--h>mful alike to !mselves & to   
all :o admire  !m2 _m die ( />vation2 _m
 insane1 ei!r 9 weakness ( insol5t      
egotism1 l ,haydon1 or 9 a consci5ti\s  
agony ( beautiful purpose  & w>p$ p[]1 l
 ,blake4  ,!re is no probability ( !    
p]si/5ce  ( a lic5ti\s s*ool 9 any good 
accid5tally discov]$ by !m2 !re  is an  
approximate c]ta9ty ( _! ga!r+1 )       
acclaim1 r\nd any  %ad[ ( evil1 & foll[+
 x to :atev] qu>t] ( de/ruction x  may  
lead4      99 ,z ,i correct ?is %eet =  
press1 my ,pall ,mall ,gazette ( la/    
,saturday1 ,april #ag1 is ly+ on ! table
 by me4  ,i pr9t a few l9es out  ( x3   
,,an ,,arti/',s ,,dea?4--,a sad /ory 0  
told at an inque/ held 9 ,/4  ,pancras  
la/ night by ,dr4 ,lanke/] on ! body ( 4
 4 41 ag$  fifty-n9e1 a ,fr5* arti/ :o 0

 f\nd dead 9 8 b$ at 8 rooms 9  4 4 4   
,/reet4  ,m4 4 4 41 also an arti/1 said 
he _h kn[n ! deceas$  = fifte5 ye>s4    
,he once held a high position1 & be+    
anxi\s to  make a "n 9 ! _w1 he five    
ye>s ago comm5c$ a l>ge picture1  :i* he
 hop$1 :5 complet$1 to h 9 ! gall]y at  
,v]sailles2 &  ) t view he s5t a        
photograph ( x to ! ,fr5* ,emp]or4  ,he 
also  _h an idea ( s5d+ x to ! ,engli%  
,royal ,academy4  ,he labor$ on  ?is    
picture1 neglect+ o!r "w :i* w\ld h paid
 him well1 &  gradually sank l[] & l[]  
into pov]ty4  ,8 fri5ds assi/$ him1  b  
be+ absorb$ 9 8 great "w1 he did n he$  
_! advice1 &  !y left him4  ,he 01      
h[ev]1 assi/$ by ! ,fr5* ,ambassador1 & 
la/ ,saturday1 he 7! witness7 saw       
deceas$1 :o 0 mu* depress$ 9  spirits1 z
 he expect$ ! brok]s to be put 9        
possession = r5t4  ,he  said 8 tr\bles 7
 s great t he fe>$ 8 bra9 w\ld give way4
  ,! witness gave him a %ill+ = :i* he  
appe>$ v ?ankful4  ,on  ,monday !       
witness call$ ^u him1 b receiv$ no answ]

 to 8 knock4  ,he w5t aga9 on ,tuesday1 
& ent]$ ! deceas$'s b$room & f\nd  him  
dead4  ,dr4 ,george ,ross said t :5     
call$ into ! deceas$ he _h  be5 dead at 
lea/ two days4  ,! room 0 9 a fil?y1    
dirty condition1  & ! picture ref]r$    
to--c]ta9ly a v f9e "o--0 9 t room4  ,! 
po/-mortem exam9ation %[$ t ! cause (   
dea? 0 fatty  deg5]ation ( ! he>t1 !    
latt] probably hav+ ceas$ its action    
?r\gh ! m5tal excitem5t ( ! deceas$4    
#afj4  ,?us f> ! notes ( ,fre$om4  ,n[1 
la/ly1 "h is "s talk  :i* ,i tri$ at !  
"t to make intelligible2 & ) :i* ,i     
close  ?is volume1 because x w s]ve     
suffici5tly to express ! practical      
relation 9 :i* ,i ?9k ! art & imag9ation
 ( ! ,greeks /& to  our own2 & w %[ !   
read] t my view ( t relation is         
un*ang$1 f ! fir/ day on :i* ,i began to
 write1 until n[4      999999      ,,!  
,,h]cules ,,( ,,cam>9a4    ,,address    
,,to ,,! ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,s*ool 
,,( ,,s\? ,,lamb]t1 ,,m>* #ae1  #ahfi4  
#afa4  ,among ! photograph]s ( ,greek   

co9s :i* pres5t s _m  admirable subjects
 = y\r /udy1 ,i mu/ speak = ! pres5t (  
"o  only3 ! ,h]cules ( ,cam>9a4  ,y h1  
repres5t$ by a ,greek  workman1 9 t co91
 ! face ( a man & ! sk9 ( a lion's head4
  ,& ! man's face is l a man's face1 b !
 lion's sk9 is n l  a lion's sk94       
#afb4  ,n[ !re are "s p :o w tell y t   
,greek art is f9e1  because x is true2 &
 because x c>ves m5's faces z l m5's z x
  c4    ,& !re are o!r p :o w tell y t  
,greek art is f9e1  because x is n true2
 & c>ves a lion's sk9 s z to look n at  
all  l a lion's sk94    ,& y fancy t "o 
or ! o!r ( ^! sets ( p mu/ be  wrong1 & 
are p]haps mu* puzzl$ to f9d out :i* y  
%\ld believe4    ,b nei!r ( !m are      
wrong1 & y w h ev5tually to believe1  or
 r to und]/& & "k1 9 reconciliation1 !  
tru?s taught by  ea*2 b = ! pres5t1 !   
tea*]s ( ! fir/ gr\p are ^? y  mu/      
foll[4    ,x is !y :o tell y ! deepe/ & 
usefulle/ tru?1 :i* involves  all o!rs 9
 "t4  ,greek art1 & all o!r art1 is f9e 
:5 x makes  a man's face z l a man's    

face z x c4  ,hold to t4  ,all k9ds (   
nons5se are talk$ to y1 n[adays1 +5i\sly
 & irrelevantly ab\t  art4  ,!re=e1 = ! 
mo/ "p ( ! day1 %ut y\r e>s1 & keep  y\r
 eyes op53 & und]/& prim>ily1 :at y may1
 ,i fancy1 easily  und]/&1 t ! greate/  
ma/]s ( all greate/ s*ools--,phidias1   
,donatello1 ,titian1 ,velasquez1 or ,sir
 ,jo%ua ,reynolds--all tri$ to make     
human creatures z l human creatures z !y
 c\ld2 & t any?+  less l humanity ?an _!
 "w1 is n s good z !irs4    ,get t well 
driv5 into y\r heads2 & don't let x out 
aga91 at y\r  p]il4    #afc4  ,hav+ got 
x well 91 y may !n fur!r und]/&1 safely1
  t ?ree is a great deal ( second>y "w 9
 pots1 & pans1 &  floors1 & c>pets1 &   
%awls1 & ar*itectural ornam5t1 :i* ought
  ess5tially1 to be unlike reality1 & to
 dep5d = its *>m on q  o!r qualities ?an
 imitative ones4  ,b all su* art is     
inf]ior &  second>y--mu* ( x m or less  
in/9ctive & animal1 & a  civiliz$ human 
creature c only le>n ^? pr9ciples       
rightly1 by  kn[+ ^? ( great civiliz$   

art fir/--:i* is always !               
repres5tation1 to ! utmo/ ( its p[]1 (  
:atev] x has got to  %[--made to look z 
l ! ?+ z possible4  ,g into ! ,national 
,gall]y1 & look at ! foot ( ,correggio's
 ,v5us !re4  ,correggio  made x z l a   
foot z he c\ld1 & y won't easily f9d    
any?+  lik]4  ,n[1 y w f9d on any ,greek
 vase some?+ meant = a foot1  or a h&1  
:i* is n at all l "o4  ,! ,greek vase is
 a good ?+  9 its way1 b ,correggio's   
picture is ! be/ "w4    #afd4  ,s1 aga91
 g into ! ,turn] room ( ! ,national     
,gall]y1 &  look at ,turn]'s draw+ (    
,ivy ,bridge4  ,y w f9d ! wat] 9 x  is l
 real wat]1 & ! ducks 9 x are l real    
ducks4  ,!n g  into ! ,briti% ,museum1 &
 look = an ,egyptian l&scape1 & y w  f9d
 ! wat] 9 t con/itut$ ( blue zigzags1 n 
at all l  wat]2 & ducks 9 ! middle ( x  
made ( blue l9es1 look+ n 9  ! lea/ z if
 !y c\ld /& /uff+ ) sage & onions4  ,!y 
are  v good 9 _! way1 b ,turn]'s are    
bett]4    #afe4  ,i w n pause to f5ce my
 g5]al pr9ciple aga9/ :at y  p]fectly   

well "k ( ! due contradiction1--t a ?+  
may be  pa9t$ v l1 yet pa9t$ ill4  ,re/ 
cont5t ) kn[+ t x  mu/ be l1 if x is    
pa9t$ well2 & take ?is fur!r g5]al law3 
,imitation is l *>ity4  ,:5 x is done = 
love x is lovely2 :5  x is done = %[1   
hateful4    #aff4  ,well1 !n1 ?is ,greek
 co9 is f9e1 fir/ because ! face is l  a
 face4  ,p]haps y ?9k !re is some?+     
p>ticul>ly h&some 9  ! face1 :i* y c't  
see 9 ! photograph1 or c't at pres5t    
appreciate4  ,b !re is no?+ ( ! k9d4  ,x
 is a v regul>1  quiet1 commonplace sort
 ( face2 & any av]age ,engli%           
g5tleman's1 (  good desc5t1 w\ld be f>  
h&som]4    #afg4  ,fix t 9 y\r heads    
also1 !re=e1 t ,greek faces are n       
p>ticul>ly beautiful4  ,( t mu* nons5se 
aga9/ :i* y are to  keep y\r e>s %ut1 t 
:i* is talk$ to y ( ! ,greek ideal (    
beauty is ! absolute/4  ,!re is n a s+le
 in/ance ( a v  beautiful head left by !
 highe/ s*ool ( ,greek art4  ,on co9s1  
!re  is ev5 no approximately beautiful  
"o4  ,! ,juno ( ,argos is a virago2  !  

,a!na ( ,a!ns grotesque1 ! ,a!na (      
,cor9? is insipid2 & (  ,?urium1 s5sual4
  ,! ,sir5 ,ligeia1 & f\nta9 ( ,are?usa1
 on !  co9s ( ,t]9a & ,syracuse1 are    
pretti]1 b totally )\t  expression1 &   
*iefly set (f by _! well-curl$ hair4  ,y
 might  h expect$ some?+ subtle 9       
,m]curies2 b ! ,m]cury ( nus is  a v    
/upid-look+ fell[1 9 a cap l a b[l1 ) a 
knob on !  top ( x4  ,! ,bac*us ( ,?asos
 is a drayman ) 8 hair pomatum'd4  ,!   
,jupit] ( ,syracurse is1 h[ev]1 calm &  
ref9$2 & ! ,apollo  ( ,clazom5 w\ld h   
be5 impressive1 if he _h n come d[n to  
u1  mu* flatt5$ by friction4  ,b on !   
:ole1 ! m]it ( ,greek co9s  does n      
prim>ily dep5d on beauty ( features1 nor
 ev51 9 ! p]iod  ( highe/ art1 t ( !    
/atues4  ,y make take ! ,v5us ( ,melos z
  a /&>d ( beauty ( ! c5tral ,greek     
type4  ,%e has tranquil1  regul>1 & l(ty
 features2 b c\ld n hold h] own = a     
mom5t  aga9/ ! beauty ( a simple ,engli%
 girl1 ( pure race & k9d he>t4    #afh4 
,& ! reason t ,greek art1 on ! :ole1    

bores y 7& y  "k x does71 is t y are    
always =c$ to look 9 x = some?+  t is n 
!re2 b :i* may be se5 e day1 9 real     
life1 all  r\nd y2 & :i* y are naturally
 dispos$ to delight 91 & ought  to      
delight 94  ,= ! ,greek race 0 n at all 
"o ( exalt$ beauty1  b only ( g5]al &   
heal?y complet5ess ( =m4  ,!y 7 only1  &
 c\ld be only1 beautiful 9 body to !    
degree t !y 7  beautiful 9 s\l 7= y w   
f9d1 :5 y read deeply into !  matt]1 t !
 body is only ! s\l made visible74  ,& !
 ,greeks  7 inde$ v good p1 mu* bett] p 
?an mo/ ( u ?9k1  or ?an _m ( u are2 b  
!re are bett] p alive n[ ?an !  be/ (   
!m1 & loveli] p to be se5 n[ ?an !      
lovelie/ (  !m4    #afi4  ,!n :at are ! 
m]its ( ?is ,greek art1 :i* make x s    
exempl>y = y8  ,well1 n t x is          
beautiful1 b t x is  ,"r499  ,all t x   
desires to d1 x does1 & all t x does1   
does  well4  ,y w f9d1 z y advance 9 ! k
 ( art1 t its  laws ( self-re/ra9t are v
 m>vel\s2 t its peace ( he>t1 &         
cont5tm5t 9 do+ a simple ?+1 ) only "o  

or two qualities1  re/rict$ly desir$1 & 
suffici5tly atta9$1 are a mo/ :olesome  
elem5t ( education = y1 z oppos$ to !   
wild wri?+1 &  wre/l+1 & long+ = ! moon1
 & tilt+ at w9dmills1 & agony  ( eyes1 &
 tortur+ ( f+]s1 & g5]al sp9n+ out (    
"o's  s\l into fiddle-/r+s1 :i*         
con/itute ! ideal life ( a mod]n  arti/4
      99 ,comp>e above1 #aja4      ,also
 obs]ve1 !re is an entire ma/]hood ( its
 bus9ess up to !  requir$ po9t4  ,a     
,greek does n rea* aft] o!r p's /r5g?1  
nor outrea* 8 own4  ,he nev] tries to   
pa9t be=e he c draw2 he  nev] tries to  
lay on fle% :]e !re are no bones2 & he  
nev]  expects to f9d ! bones ( any?+ 9 8
 inn] consci\sness4  ,^?  are 8 fir/    
m]its--s9c]e & innoc5t purpose1 /rong   
common-s5se  & pr9ciple1 & all ! /r5g? t
 foll[s on t /r5g?4    #agj4  ,b1       
secondly1 ,greek art is always exempl>y 
9 disposition (  masses1 :i* is a ?+ t 9
 mod]n days /ud5ts r>ely look =1  arti/s
 n en\gh1 & ! public nev]4  ,b1 :atev]  
else ,greek "w  may fail (1 y may always

 be sure its masses are well plac$1 & _!
  plac+ has be5 ! object ( ! mo/ subtle 
c>e4  ,look1 = in/ance1  at !           
inscription 9 front ( ?is ,h]cules ( !  
"n ( ! t[n--  ,cam>9a4  ,y c't read x1  
ev5 ?\gh y may "k ,greek1 )\t  "s pa9s2 
= ! sculptor knew well en\gh t x matt]$ 
v  little :e!r y read x or n1 = !       
,cam>9a ,h]cules c\ld tell  8 own /ory2 
b :at did above all ?+s matt] 01 t no ,k
 or ,a  or ,m %\ld come 9 a wrong place 
) respect to ! outl9e ( !  head1 & div]t
 ! eye f x1 or spoil any ( its l9es4  ,s
 !  :ole inscription is ?r[n into a     
sweep+ curve ( gradually  dim9i%+ size1 
cont9u+ f ! lion's paws1 r\nd ! neck1 up
 to  ! =ehead1 & answ]+ a decorative    
purpose z completely z !  curls ( ! mane
 opposite4  ,( ^!1 aga91 y _c *ange or  
displace "o )\t mis*ief2 !y are almo/ z 
ev5 9 reticulation z  a piece (         
basket-"w2 b ea* has a diff]5t =m & a   
due relation  to ! re/1 & if y set to "w
 to draw t mane rightly1 y w  f9d t1    
:atev] "t y give to x1 y c't get !      

tresses q  into _! places1 & t e tress  
out ( its place does an injury4  ,if y  
want to te/ y\r p[]s ( accurate draw+1 y
 may make t  lion's mane y\r pons       
as9orum1 ,i h nev] yet met ) a /ud5t :o 
didn't make an ass 9 a lion's sk9 (     
himself :5 he tri$ x4    #aga4  ,grant$1
 h[ev]1 t ^! tresses may be f9ely plac$1
 /ill  !y are n l a lion's mane4  ,s we 
come back to ! "q1--if  ! face is to be 
l a man's face1 :y is n ! lion's mane to
 be  l a lion's mane8  ,well1 because x 
c't be l a lion's mane )\t  too mu*     
tr\ble1--& inconv5i5ce aft] t1 & poor   
success1 aft]  all4  ,too mu* tr\ble1 9 
cutt+ ! die into f9e fr+es & jags2      
inconv5i5ce aft] t1--because1 ?\gh y c  
easily /amp *eeks  & =eheads smoo? at a 
bl[1 y c't /amp project+ tresses f9e  at
 a bl[1 :atev] pa9s y take ) y\r die4   
,s y\r ,greek uses 8 common s5se1 wa/es 
no "t1 uses no skill1 &  says to y1 ,"h 
is beautifully set tresses1 :i* ,i h    
c>efully  design$ & easily /amp$4       
,enjoy !m1 & if y _c und]/&  t !y mean  

lion's mane1 heav5 m5d y\r wits4        
#agb4  ,see1 !n1 y h 9 ?is "w well-f\nd$
 k1 simple &  "r aims1 ?or\gh ma/]y (   
h&icraft1 spl5did inv5tion 9            
arrangem5t1 un]r+ common s5se 9         
treatm5t1--m]its1 ^!1 ,i ?9k1  exempl>y 
en\gh to ju/ify our torm5t+ y a little )
 ,greek art4  ,b x has "o m]it m ?an ^!1
 ! greate/ ( all4  ,x always  means     
some?+ wor? say+4  ,n m]ely wor? say+ = 
t "t  only1 b = all "t4  ,:at d y ?9k   
?is helmet ( lion's hide is  always giv5
 to ,h]cules =8  ,y c't suppose x means 
only t he  once kill$ a lion1 & always  
c>ri$ its sk9 aft]w>ds to %[ t  he _h1 z
 ,indian sportsm5 s5t home /uff$ rugs1 )
 claws at !  corn]s1 & a lump 9 ! middle
 :i* "o tumbles ov] e "t "o  /irs !     
fire4  ,:at 0 ?is ,nemean ,lion1 ^:     
spoils 7 ev]more to  cov] ,h]cules f !  
cold8  ,n m]ely a l>ge specim5 ( ,felis 
,leo1  rang+ ! fields ( ,nemea1 be sure 
( t4  ,?is ,nemean cub 0 "o (  a bad    
litt]4  ,born ( ,typhon & ,e*idna1--( ! 
:irlw9d & !  snake1--,c]b]us 8 bro!r1 ! 

,hydra ( ,l]na 8 si/]1--x mu/  h be5    
difficult to get 8 hide (f him4  ,he _h 
to be f\nd 9  d>kness1 too1 & dealt ^u  
)\t weapons1 by grip at ! ?roat--  arr[s
 & club ( no avail aga9/ him4  ,:at does
 all t mean8    #agc4  ,x means t !     
,nemean ,lion is ! fir/ great adv]s>y ( 
life1  :atev] t may be--to ,h]cules1 or 
to any ( u1 !n or n[4  ,!  fir/ mon/] we
 h to /rangle1 or be de/roy$ by1 fight+ 
9 !  d>k1 & ) none to help u1 only ,a!na
 /&+ by to enc\rage )  h] smile4  ,e    
man's ,nemean ,lion lies 9 wait = him   
some:]e4  ,!  slo?ful man says1 ,!re is 
a lion 9 ! pa?4  ,he says well4  ,!     
quiet  unslo?ful man says ! same1 & kn[s
 x too4  ,b !y diff] 9 _!  fur!r read+ (
 ! text4  ,! slo?ful man says1 ,i %all  
be sla91  & ! unslo?ful1 ,,x %all be4   
,x is ! fir/ ugly & /rong enemy  t rises
 aga9/ u1 all future victory dep5d+ on  
victory ov] t4  ,kill x2 & ?r\gh all !  
re/ ( y\r life1 :at 0 once dreadful is  
y\r armor1 & y are clo!d ) t conque/ = e
 o!r1 &  helm$ ) its cre/ ( =titude =   

ev]more4    ,alas1 we h mo/ ( u to walk 
b>e-head$2 b t is ! mean+ (  ! /ory (   
,nemea1--wor? lay+ to he>t & ?9k+ (     
sometimes1  :5 y see a di% g>ni%$ )     
p>sley1 :i* 0 ! cr[n at !  ,nemean      
games4    #agd4  ,h[ f>1 !n1 h we got 9 
our li/ ( ! m]its ( ,greek art  n[8     
,s\nd k4        ,simple aims4           
,ma/]$ craft4        ,vivid inv5tion4   
,/rong common s5se4        ,& et]nally  
true & wise mean+4    ,are ^! n en\gh8  
,"h is "o m1 !n1 :i* w f9d favor1 ,i    
%\ld ?9k1 ) ! ,briti% ,lion4  ,greek art
 is nev] fright5$ at  any?+2 x is always
 cool4    #age4  ,x diff]s ess5tially f 
all o!r art1 pa/ or pres5t1 9 ?is       
incapability ( be+ fright5$4  ,half !   
p[] & imag9ation (  e o!r s*ool dep5d on
 a c]ta9 fev]i% t]ror m+l+ )  _!  s5se (
 beauty1--! feel+ t a *ild has 9 a d>k  
room1 or  a sick p]son 9 see+ ugly      
dreams4  ,b ! ,greeks nev] h ugly       
dreams4  ,!y _c draw any?+ ugly :5 !y   
try4  ,sometimes !y  put !mselves to _! 
wits'-end to draw an ugly ?+1--!        

,m$usa's  head1 = in/ance1--b !y c't d  
x1 n !y1 because no?+  fright5s !m4  ,!y
 wid5 ! m\?1 & gr9d ! tee?1 & puff !    
*eeks1 & set ! eyes a goggl+2 & ! ?+ is 
only ridicul\s  aft] all1 n ! lea/      
dreadful1 = !re is no dread 9 _! he>ts4 
,p5siv5ess2 amazem5t2 (t5 deepe/ grief &
 desolat5ess4  ,all ^!2  b t]ror nev]4  
,ev]la/+ calm 9 ! pres5ce ( all fate2 & 
joy  su* z !y c\ld w91 n inde$ 9 a      
p]fect beauty1 b 9 beauty at  p]fect    
re/6  ,a k9d ( art ?is1 surely1 to be   
look$ at1 & ?\ght  ^u sometimes ) pr(it1
 ev5 9 ^! latt] days4    #agf4  ,to be  
look$ at sometimes4  ,n cont9ually1 &   
nev] z a model  = imitation4  ,= y are n
 ,greeks2 b1 = bett] or worse1 ,engli%  
creatures2 & _c d1 ev5 if x 7 a ?\s&    
times bett] wor?  do+1 any?+ well1      
except :at y\r ,engli% he>ts %all       
prompt1 &  y\r ,engli% skies tea* y4  ,=
 all good art is ! natural utt]ance  (  
its own p 9 its own day4    ,b also1 y\r
 own art is a bett] & bright] "o ?an ev]
 ?is ,greek  art 04  ,_m motives1 p[]s1 

& insights h be5 add$ to ^?  eld] ones4 
,! v corruptions into :i* we h fall5 are
 signs (  a subtle life1 high] ?an !irs 
01 & !re=e m fe>ful 9 its  faults &     
dea?4  ,*ri/ianity has nei!r sup]c$$1   
nor1 by itself1  excell$ hea!nism2 b x  
has add$ its own good1 won also by _m a 
,nemean conte/ 9 d>k valleys1 to all t 0
 good & noble 9  hea!nism2 & our pres5t 
?\ghts & "w1 :5 !y are "r1 are  nobl]   
?an ! hea!n's4  ,& we are n rev]5t en\gh
 to !m1  because we possess too mu* (   
!m4  ,t sket* ( f\r *]ub heads  f &     
,engli% girl1 by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 
at ,k5s+ton1 is an  incomp>ably f9] ?+  
?an ev] ! ,greeks did4  ,ineffably t5d] 
9  ! t\*1 yet ,h]culean 9 p[]2 innoc5t1 
yet exalt$ 9 feel+2 pure  9 color z a   
pe>l2 res]v$ & decisive 9 design1 z ?is 
,lion cre/1  --if x alone exi/$ (       
su*1--if x 7 a picture by ,zeuxis1 !    
only  "o left 9 ! _w1 & y build a %r9e =
 x1 & 7 all[$ to  see x only sev5 days 9
 a ye>1 x alone w\ld tea* y all ( art  t
 y ev] ne$$ to "k4  ,b y d n le>n f ?is 

or any  o!r su* "w1 because y h n       
rev]5ce en\gh = !m1 & are  try+ to le>n 
f all at once1 & f a hundr$ o!r ma/]s   
besides4    #agg4  ,"h1 !n1 is !        
practical advice :i* ,i w\ld v5ture to  
d$uce  f :at ,i h tri$ to %[ y4  ,use   
,greek art z a fir/1 n a  f9al1 tea*]4  
,le>n to draw c>efully f ,greek "w2     
above all1 to  place =ms correctly1 & to
 use light & %ade t5d]ly4  ,nev] all[   
y\rselves black %ad[s4  ,x is easy to   
make ?+s look r\nd &  project+2 b ! ?+s 
to ex]cise y\rselves 9 are ! plac+ (  ! 
masses1 & ! modell+ ( ! lights4  ,x is  
an admirable ex]cise  to take a pale wa%
 ( color = all ! %ad[s1 nev] re9=c+ x   
ev]y:]e1 b draw+ ! /atue z if x 7 9 f>  
di/ance1 mak+  all ! d>ks "o flat pale  
t9t4  ,!n model f ^? into ! lights1     
r\nd+ z well z y c1 on ^? subtle        
conditions4  ,9 y\r *alk  draw+s1       
sep>ate ! lights f ! d>ks at once all   
ov]2 !n  re9=ce ! d>ks slightly :]e     
absolutely necess>y1 & put y\r  :ole    
/r5g? on ! lights & _! limits4  ,!n1 :5 

y h  le>n$ to draw ?or\ghly1 take "o    
ma/] = y\r pa9t+1 z y  w\ld h done      
necess>ily 9 old times by be+ put into 8
 s*ool  77 ,i to *oose = y1 x %\ld be   
among six m5 only--,titian1  ,correggio1
 ,paul ,v]onese1 ,velasquez1 ,reynolds1 
or ,holbe974  ,if y are a  l&scapi/1    
,turn] mu/ be y\r only guide 7= no o!r  
great l&scape  pa9t] has yet liv$72 &   
hav+ *os51 d y\r be/ to und]/&  y\r own 
*os5 ma/]1 & obey him1 & no "o else1    
till y h  /r5g? to deal ) ! nature      
itself r\nd y1 & !n1 be y\r own  ma/]1 &
 see ) y\r own eyes4  ,if y h got       
ma/]hood or sight  9 y1 t is ! way to   
make ! mo/ ( !m2 & if y h  nei!r1 y w at
 lea/ be s\nd 9 y\r "w1 prev5t$ f       
immode/  & useless ef=t1 & protect$ f   
vulg> & fanta/ic error4    ,& s ,i wi% y
 all1 good spe$1 & ! favor ( ,h]cules & 
( !  ,muses2 & to ^? :o %all be/ des]ve 
!m1 ! cr[n ( ,p>sley  fir/ & !n ( !     
,laurel4