,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,democracy ,,by ,,claude ,,bragdon ,f4,a4,i4,a4 #aiah ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,! ,,woolwor? ,,build+1 ,,new ,,york ,,preface ,?is book c lay no claim to unity ( !me1 s9ce its subjects range f skyscrap]s to symbols & s\l /ates2 b ! au?or claims = x nev]!less a unity ( po9t ( view1 & "o 7correct or n7 s compreh5sive z to include 9 "o syn!sis e subject dealt )4 ,= accord+ to t po9t ( view1 a skyscrap] is only a symbol--& ( :at8 ,a condition ( consci\sness1 t is1 a /ate ( ! s\l4 ,democracy ev51 we are beg9n+ to discov]1 is a condition ( consci\sness too4 ,our only hope ( und]/&+ ! welt] ( life 9 :i* we are imm]s$1 z 9 a swift & muddy riv]1 is 9 asc5d+ z ne> to its pure s\rce z we c4 ,t s\rce is 9 consci\sness & consci\sness is 9 ourselves4 ,?is is ! po9t ( view f :i* ea* problem dealt ) has be5 attack$2 b le/ ! au?or be at once set d[n z an impracticable dream]1 dwell+ alo( 9 an ivory t[]1 ! read] %\ld "k t 8 book has be5 writt5 9 ! scant int]vals af=d$ by ! practice ( ! pr(ession ( ar*itecture1 s broad5$ z to include ! /udy ( ab/ract =m1 ! creation ( ornam5t1 exp]im5ts ) color & light1 & su* occasional educational activities z f "t to "t he has be5 call$ ^u to p]=m at "o or ano!r ar*itectural s*ool4 ,! ?ree essays includ$ "u ! g5]al head+ ( ,democracy & ,ar*itecture 7 prep>$ at ! reque/ ( ! editor ( ,! ,ar*itectural ,record1 & 7 publi%$ 9 t j\rnal4 ,! two foll[+1 on ,ornam5t f ,ma!matics1 repres5t a reca/+ & a rewrit+ ( articles :i* h appe>$ 9 ,! ,ar*itectural ,review1 ,! ,ar*itectural ,=um1 & ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect4 ,h>ness+ ! ,ra9b[ is an address deliv]$ be=e ! ,ad4 ,club ( ,clevel&1 & ! ,ro*e/] ,rot>y ,club1 & aft]w>ds made into an essay & publi%$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,ar*itect "u a diff]5t title4 ,! appreciation ( ,l\is ,sullivan z a writ] appe>s "h = ! fir/ "t1 ! au?or hav+ previ\sly paid 8 respects to ,mr4 ,sullivan's /rictly ar*itectural g5ius 9 an essay 9 ,h\se & ,g>d54 ,color & ,c]amics 0 deliv]$ on ! occasion ( ! d$ication ( ! ,c]amic ,build+ ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ill9ois1 & aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 ,! ,ar*itectural ,=um4 ,symbols & ,sacram5ts 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,engli% ,qu>t]ly ,orpheus4 ,self ,education 0 deliv]$ be=e ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club1 & aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 a numb] ( ar*itectural j\rnals4 ,ackn[l$gm5t is h]eby t5d]$ by ! au?or to ! editors ( ^! v>i\s magaz9es = _! cons5t to republication1 toge!r ) ?anks1 h[ev] belat$1 = _! unfail+ hospitality to ! *ildr5 ( 8 bra94 ,,claude ,,bragdon4 ,augu/ #a1 #aiah4 ,,cont5ts ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,democracy ,i4 ,be=e ! ,w> ,,ii4 ,dur+ ! ,w> ,,iii4 ,aft] ! ,w> ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,ma!matics ,i4 ,! ,_w ,ord] ,,ii4 ,! ,f\r? ,dim5sion ,,h>ness+ ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,,l\is ,,sullivan1 ,,prophet ,,( ,,democracy ,,color ,,& ,,c]amics ,,symbols ,,& ,,sacram5ts ,,self-,,education ,,li/ ,,( ,,full ,,page ,,illu/rations ,plate ,i4 ,! ,woolwor? ,build+1 ,new ,york ,plate ,,ii4 ,! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y ,plate ,,iii4 ,! ,prud5tial ,build+1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,plate ,,iv4 ,! ,erie ,c\nty ,sav+s ,bank1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,plate ,v4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,t]m9al ,plate ,,vi4 ,plan ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,community ,club ,h\se1 ,camp ,%]man1 ,ohio ,plate ,,vii4 ,int]ior ,view ( ! ,camp ,%]man ,community ,h\se ,plate ,,viii4 ,imag9ative ,sket* by ,h5ry ,p4 ,kirby ,plate ,,ix4 ,ar*itectural ,sket* by ,otto ,rie? ,plate ,x4 #bjj ,we/ #eg? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,plate ,,xi4 ,imag9>y ,composition3 ,! ,portal ,plate ,,xii4 ,imag9>y ,composition3 ,! ,balcony ,plate ,,xiii4 ,imag9>y ,composition3 ,! ,audi5ce ,*amb] ,plate ,,xiv4 ,song & ,light3 ,an ,approa* t[>d ,color ,music ,plate ,,xv4 ,symbol ( ,resurrection ,e =m ( gov]nm5t1 e social in/itution1 e und]tak+1 h[ev] great1 h[ev] small1 e symbol ( enlight5m5t or degradation1 ea* & all h sprung & are /ill spr++ f ! life ( ! p1 & h ev] =m$ & are n[ z surely =m+ images ( _! ?\ght4 ,sl[ly by c5turies1 g5]ations1 ye>s1 days1 h\rs1 ! ?\ght ( ! p has *ang$2 s ) precision h _! acts responsively *ang$2 ?us ?\ghts & acts h fl[$ & are fl[+ ev] onw>d1 unceas+ly onw>d1 involv$ )9 ! impell+ p[] ( ,life4 ,?r\gh\t ?is /ream ( human life1 & ?\ght1 & activity1 m5 h ev] felt ! ne$ to build2 & f ! ne$ arose ! p[] to build4 ,s1 z !y ?\ght1 !y built2 =1 /range z x may seem1 !y c\ld build 9 no o!r way4 ,z !y built1 !y made1 us$1 & left beh9d !m records ( _! ?9k+4 ,!n1 z ?r\gh ! ye>s new m5 came ) *ang$ ?\ghts1 s arose new build+s 9 consonance ) ! *ange ( ?\ght--! build+ always ! expression ( ! ?9k+4 ,:atev] ! "* ( ! ?9k+1 j s 0 ! "* ( ! build+4 ,:at is ,ar*itecture8 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,am]ican ,p ( ,today1 by ,,l\is ,,sullivan4 ,ar*itecture & ,democracy ,i ,,be=e ,,! ,,w> ,! _w w> repres5ts n ! triumph1 b ! bir? ( democracy4 ,! true ideal ( democracy--! rule ( a p by ! demos1 or gr\p s\l--is a ?+ unrealiz$4 ,h[ !n is x possible to consid] or discuss an ar*itecture ( democracy--! %ad[ ( a %ade8 ,x is n possible to d s ) any degree ( f9ality1 b by an int5tion ( consci\sness ^u ?is juxtaposition ( ideas--ar*itecture & democracy--signs ( ! times may yield new mean+s1 relations may em]ge betwe5 ?+s app>5tly unrelat$1 & ! future1 always exi/5t 9 e pres5t mom5t1 may be evok$ by t /range magic :i* resides 9 ! human m9d4 ,ar*itecture1 at its wor/ z at its be/1 reflects always a true image ( ! ?+ t produc$ x2 a build+ is reveal+ ev5 ?\gh x is false1 j z ! face ( a li> tells ! ?+ 8 words endeavor to conceal4 ,?is be+ s1 let u make su* ar*itecture z is ours decl>e to u our true e/ate4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! p]iod ( ! ,civil ,w>1 up to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t crisis1 ev]y:]e reflects a /ruggle to be free ( a vici\s & deprav$ =m ( feudalism1 gr[n /rong "u ! v gis ( democracy4 ,! qualities t made feudalism ende>$ & endur+2 qualities writt5 9 beauty on ! ca!dral cities ( m$iaeval ,europe--fai?1 wor%ip1 loyalty1 magnanimity--7 ei!r vani%$ or bani%$ f ?is pseudo-democratic1 aridly sci5tific feudalism1 leav+ an inh]itance ( /rife & tyranny--a /rife gr[n mean1 a tyranny gr[n prud5t1 b full ( s9i/] p[] ! weight ( :i* we h by no means ceas$ to feel4 ,p[]1 /rangely m+l$ ) timidity2 +5uity1 frequ5tly misdirect$2 ugl9ess1 ! result ( a false ideal ( beauty--^! 9 g5]al *>act]ize ! ar*itecture ( our imm$iate pa/2 an ar*itecture )\t ance/ry or hope ( po/]ity1 an ar*itecture devoid ( coh]5ce or conviction2 will+ to lie1 will+ to /eal4 ,:at impression su* a city z ,*icago or ,pittsburgh might h made ^u "s d5iz5 ( ^? ca!dral-cr[n$ feudal cities ( ! pa/ we d n "k4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 amaz$ at its giant en]gy1 & probably revolt$ at its grimy dre>9ess4 ,we are wont to pity ! m$iaeval man = ! dirt he liv$ 91 ev5 :ile smoke greys our sky & dirt p]meates ! v air we brea!3 we ?9k ( ca/les z grim & ca!drals z dim1 b !y 7 beautiful & gay ) color comp>$ ) ! grim1 dim canyons ( our city /reets4 ,lafcadio ,he>n1 9 ,a ,cons]vative1 has sket*$ = u1 ) a sympa?y truly clairvoyant1 ! impression made by ! cities ( ! ,we/ ^u ! consci\sness ( a "y ,japanese samurai educat$ "u a feudalism n unlike t ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :]e9 0 wor%ip1 rev]5ce1 poetry1 loyalty--h[ev] /rangely comp\nd$ ) ! m s9i/] products ( ! feudal /ate4 ,l>g] ?an all anticipation ! ,we/ appe>$ to him1--a _w ( giants2 & t :i* depresses ev5 ! bolde/ ,occid5tal :o f9ds himself1 )\t means or fri5ds1 alone 9 a great city1 mu/ (t5 h depress$ ! ,ori5tal exile3 t vague uneas9ess ar\s$ by ! s5se ( be+ invisible to hurry+ millions2 by ! ceaseless ro> ( traffic dr[n+ voices2 by mon/rosities ( ar*itecture )\t a s\l2 by ! dynamic display ( weal? =c+ m9d & h&1 z m]e *eap ma*9]y1 to ! utt]mo/ limits ( ! possible4 ,p]haps he saw su* cities z ,dor saw ,london3 sull5 maje/y ( ar*$ glooms1 & granite deeps op5+ into granite deeps beyond range ( vision1 & m\nta9s ( masonry ) seas ( labor 9 turmoil at _! base1 & monum5tal spaces display+ ! grimness ( ord]$ p[] sl[-ga!r+ ?r\gh c5turies4 ,( beauty !re 0 no?+ to make appeal to him betwe5 ^? endless cliffs ( /one :i* wall$ out ! sunrise & ! sunset1 ! sky & ! w9d4 ,! view ( our pre-w> ar*itecture ?us sket*ily pres5t$ is sure to be %>ply *all5g$ 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 b un=tunately = u all ?is is no m]e matt] ( op9ion1 x is a matt] ( fact4 ,! build+s are !re1 op5 to obs]vation2 root$ to ! spot1 !y _c run away4 ,l crim9als caught ) ! goods !y /&1 self-convict$1 dirty ) ! soot ( a ?\s& *imneys1 heavy ) ! spoils ( vani%$ civilizations2 graft & gre$ />e at u out ( _! glaz$ w9d[s--eyes beh9d :i* no s\l c be disc]n$4 ,!re are d\btless ext5uat+ circum/ances2 !y want to be clean1 !y want to be hone/1 ^! mon/]s ( ! m]e m>ket1 b !y are nev]!less ! unconsci\s victims ( evils inh]5t 9 our transitional social /ate4 ,let u exam9e ^! /range creatures1 doom$1 x is hop$1 to ext9ction 9 favor ( m intellig5t & graci\s =ms ( life4 ,!y are big1 p[]ful1 necessit\s1 & h !re=e an impressiv5ess1 ev5 an /hetic appeal1 n to be d5i$4 ,s subtle & s5sitive an old-_w consci\sness z t ( ,m4 ,paul ,b\rget 0 set vibrat+ by !m l a viol9 to ! concussion ( a trip-hamm]1 & to ! foll[+ tune3 ,! portals ( ! basem5ts1 usually ar*$ z if cru%$ b5ea? ! weight ( ! m\nta9s :i* !y support1 look l d5s ( a primitive race1 cont9ually receiv+ & p\r+ =? a /ream ( p4 ,y lift y\r eyes1 & y feel t up !re beh9d ! p]p5dicul> wall1 ) its innum]able w9d[s1 is a multitude com+ & go+1--cr[d+ ! (fices t p]=ate ^! cliffs ( brick & iron1 dizzi$ ) ! spe$ ( ! elevators4 ,y div9e1 y feel ! hot brea? ( speculation quiv]+ beh9d ^! w9d[s4 ,?is x is :i* has fecundat$ ^! ?\s&s ( squ>e feet ( e>?1 9 ord] t f !m may spr+ up ?is appall+ gr[? ( bus9ess palaces1 t hide ! sun f y & almo/ %ut out ! light ( day4 ,! simple p[] ( necessity is to a c]ta9 degree a pr9ciple ( beauty1 says ,m4 ,b\rget1 & to ^! /ructures ?is ord] ( beauty _c be d5i$1 b ev5 ?is is vitiat$ by a failure to press ! advantage home3 ! ornate faades are notably less impressive ?an ^? ^: grim & />k geometry is unmitigat$ by ! grave-clo!s ( dead /yles4 ,in/ances !re are ( /riv+s t[>d a beauty t is fre% & liv+1 b !y are s unsuccessful & infrequ5t z to be negligible4 ,h[ev] impressive ^! build+s may be by reason ( _! ord]$ geometry1 _! weight & magnitude1 & z a manife/ation ( irrepressible p[]1 !y h ! unlovel9ess ( ?+s ignoble be+ ! product nei!r ( praise1 nor joy1 nor wor%ip1 b enclosures = ! transaction ( %>p b>ga9s--gold br++ j9n ( our mod]n ,aladd9s1 :o love !m n b only use !m4 ,t is ! reason !y are ugly2 no "o has lov$ !m = !mselves alone4 ,= beauty is ev] ! v face ( love4 ,f ! ar*itecture ( a true democracy1 f\nd$ on love & mutual s]vice1 beauty w\ld inevitably %9e =?2 its abs5ce convicts u ( a maladju/m5t 9 our social & economic life4 ,a skyscrap] %\ld]+ itself al(t at ! exp5se ( its m humble neighbors1 /eal+ _! air & _! sunlight1 is a symbol1 writt5 l>ge aga9/ ! sky1 ( ! w-to-p[] ( a man or a gr\p ( m5--( t ru?less & tireless aggression on ! "p ( ! cunn+ & ! /rong s *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod :i* produc$ ! skyscrap]4 ,"o ( our /reets made up ( build+s ( div]se /yles & %apes & sizes--l a jaw ) "s tee? :ole1 "s brok51 "s rott51 & "s gone--is a symbol ( our unkempt individualism1 n[ happily becom+ curb$ & *a/5$ by a common dang]1 a common devotion4 ,"s p hold ! view t our ins5sitiv5ess to =mal beauty is no disgrace4 ,su* argue t our accompli%m5ts & our int]e/s are 9 o!r fields1 :]e we m ?an mat* ! accompli%m5ts ( old] civilizations4 ,!y =get t e a*ievem5t n regi/]$ 9 t]ms ( beauty has fail$ ( its f9al & endur+ transmutation4 ,x is because ! a*ievem5ts ( old] civilizations atta9$ to _! apo!oses 9 art t !y int]e/ u1 & unless we are able to effect a correspond+ transmutation we are de/9$ to p]i% unhon\r$ on our rubbi% heap4 ,t we %all effect x1 ?r\gh k & suff]+1 is c]ta91 b be=e attempt+ ! m g5ial & rew>d+ task ( trac+1 9 our life & 9 our ar*itecture1 ^? =ces & p[]s :i* make = righte\sness1 = beauty1 let u look our failures squ>ely 9 ! face1 & discov] if we c :y !y are failures4 ,conf9+ ?is exam9ation to ! p>ticul> matt] "u discussion1 ! neo-feudal ar*itecture ( our city /reets1 we f9d x to lack unity1 & ! reason = ?is lack ( unity dwells 9 a divid$ consci\sness4 ,! tall (fice build+ is ! product ( _m =ces1 or p]haps we %\ld say "o =ce1 t ( necessity2 b its concrete embodim5t is ! result ( two diff]5t ord]s ( tal5t1 t ( ! /ructural eng9e] & ( ! ar*itectural design]4 ,^! are usually inc>nate 9 two diff]5t individuals1 work+ m or less at cross purposes4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! eng9e] to preoccupy himself solely ) ideas ( effici5cy & economy1 & ov] 8 effici5t & economical /ructure ! design] sme>s a fro/+ ( beauty 9 ! =m ( ar*itectural /yle1 9 ! ar*ological s5se4 ,?is is a fooli% practice1 & _c b result 9 failure4 ,9 ! case ( a ,greek temple or a m$iaeval ca!dral /ructure & /yle 7 n twa91 b "o2 ! /ructure det]m9$ ! /yle1 ! /yle express$ ! /ructure2 b ) u s divorc$ h ! two ?+s become t 9 a case kn[n to ! au?or1 ! /ructural framework ( a great (fice build+ 0 det]m9$ & fabricat$ & !n ar*itects 7 invit$ to submit designs = ! ext]ior4 ,?is is ( c\rse an extreme example & does n repres5t ! usual practice1 b x br+s %>ply to consci\sness ! well kn[n fact t = ^! build+s we h sub/antially "o me?od ( con/ruction--t ( ! v]tical /rut1 & ! horizontal fill--:ile 9 /yle !y appe> z ,grecian1 ,roman1 ,r5aissance1 ,go?ic1 ,mod]n ,fr5* & :at n1 accord+ to ! :im ( ! design]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,public ,,libr>y ,) ! mod]n t5d5cy t[>d specialization1 ! natural outgr[? ( necessity1 !re is no inh]5t reason :y ! bones ( a build+ %\ld n be devis$ by "o man & its fle%ly clo?+ by ano!r1 s long z !y und]/& "o ano!r1 & are 9 ideal agreem5t1 b !re is 9 g5]al all too little und]/&+1 & a confusion ( ideas & aims4 ,to ! av]age /ructural eng9e] ! ar*itectural design] is a m]e mill9] 9 /one1 in=m$ 9 ^? prevail+ ar*itectural fa%ions ( :i* he himself kn[s little & c>es less4 ,preoccupi$ z he is ) ! build+'s /r5g?1 safety1 economy2 solv+ new & /agg]+ly difficult problems ) address & d>+1 he has scant sympa?y ) su* inconsequ5t matt]s z ! /yli/ic purity ( a faade1 or ! pr(ile ( a m\ld+4 ,to ! design]1 on ! o!r h&1 ! eng9e] appe>s 9 ! light ( a subord9ate to be us$ = ! promotion ( 8 own ends1 or an evil to be endur$ z an int]f]5ce ) ^? ends4 ,z a result ( ?is lack ( sympa?y & co-ord9ation1 success cr[ns only ^? ef=ts 9 :i*1 on ! "o h&1 ! /yli/ has be5 completely subord9at$ to eng9e]+ necessity1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ea/ ,riv] bridges1 :]e ! ar*itect 0 call$ ^u only to add a f9al grace to ! /rictly /ructural t[]s2 or on ! o!r h&1 9 :i* ! /ructure is ( ! old-fa%ion$ masonry sort1 & fac$ ) a famili> problem ! ar*itect has f\nd x easy to be frank2 z 9 ! case ( ! ,manhattan ,/orage ,w>eh\se1 on #dbnd ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 or 9 ! ,bryant ,p>k faade on ! ,new ,york ,libr>y4 ,! ,woolwor? build+ is a notable example ( ! complete co-ord9ation betwe5 ! /ructural framework & its envelope1 & falls %ort ( ideal success only 9 ! employm5t ( an ar*aic & ali5 ornam5tal language1 us$1 h[ev]1 let x be said1 ) a f9e und]/&+ ( ! function ( ornam5t4 ,= ! mo/ "p ?\gh1 !re is a diff]5ce ( int5tion betwe5 ! eng9e] & ! design]2 !y look two ways1 & ! result ( _! collaboration is a flat & confus$ image ( ! ?+ t %\ld be1 n su* z is produc$ by truly b9ocul> vision4 ,?is diff]5ce ( aim is l>gely ! result ( a diff]5ce ( education4 ,eng9e]+ sci5ce ( ! sort :i* ! use ( /eel has requir$ is a ?+ unprec$5t$2 ! eng9e] _c h>k back to ! pa/ = help1 ev5 if he w\ld4 ,! case is diff]5t ) ! ar*itectural design]2 he is taught t all ( ! be/ songs h be5 sung1 all ( ! true words spok54 ,! ,glory t 0 ,greece1 & ! ,gr&eur t 0 ,rome1 ! romantic exub]ance ( ,go?ic1 & ! ord]$ re/ra9t ( ,r5aissance are s drumm$ into him dur+ 8 ye>s ( tra9+1 & ex]cise s tyrannical a spell ov] 8 imag9ation t he loses ! p[] ( cle> & logical ?\ght1 & nev] becomes truly creative4 ,free ( ?is incubus ! eng9e] has succe$$ 9 be+ /raight=w>d & s5sible1 to say ! lea/2 subject to x ! man ) a s-call$ ar*itectural education is too (t5 tortu\s & absurd4 ,! ar*itect )\t any tra9+ 9 ! ess5tials ( design produces horrors z a matt] ( c\rse1 = ! reason t s9 is ! result ( ignorance2 ! ar*itect tra9$ 9 ! false mann] ( ! curr5t s*ools becomes a recon/ructive ar*ologi/1 h&icapp$ by conditions ) :i* he c deal only imp]fectly1 & imp]fectly control4 ,once 9 a blue moon a man arises :o1 ) all ! advantages inh]5t 9 education1 pi]ces ?r\gh ! pa/ to ! pres5t1 & is able to use 8 bra9 z ! ar*itects ( ! pa/ us$ !irs--to deal simply & directly ) 8 imm$iate problem4 ,su* a man is ,l\is ,sullivan1 ?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t n always has he a*iev$ success4 ,t success 0 s m>k$1 h[ev]1 9 8 treatm5t ( ! problem ( ! tall build+1 & ex]cis$ subconsci\sly su* a spell ^u ! m9ds ev5 ( 8 critics & detractors1 t x result$ 9 ! emancipation ( ?is type ( build+ f an absurd & impossible conv5tion--! practice1 common be=e 8 "t1 ( pil+ ord] ^u ord]1 l a h\se ( c>ds1 or by a succession ( /rongly m>k$ /r+ c\rses emphasiz+ ! horizontal dim5sion ( a v]tical edifice1 ?us vitiat+ ! f9e/ effect ( :i* su* a build+ is capable4 ,! problem ( ! tall build+1 ) :i* 8 pr$ecessors dealt always ) trepidation & equivocation1 ,mr4 ,sullivan approa*$ ) confid5ce & joy4 ,:at1 he ask$ himself1 is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! tall (fice build+8 ,x is l(ty4 ,?is l(t9ess is to ! arti/-nature its ?rill+ aspect4 ,x mu/ be tall4 ,! =ce ( altitude mu/ be 9 x4 ,x mu/ be e in* a pr\d & so>+ ?+1 ris+ 9 %e] exultation t f bottom to top x is a unit )\t a diss5t+ l9e4 ,! ,prud5tial 7,gu>anty7 build+ 9 ,buffalo repres5ts ! f9e/ concrete embodim5t ( 8 idea a*iev$ by ,mr4 ,sullivan4 ,x m>ks 8 emancipation f :at he calls 8 masonry p]iod1 dur+ :i* he tri$1 l s _m o!r ar*itects be=e & s9ce1 to make a /eel-fram$ /ructure look z ?\gh x 7 no?+ b a masonry wall p]=at$ ) op5+s--op5+s too _m & too great n to endang] its /ability4 ,! ke5 blade ( ,mr4 ,sullivan's m9d cut ?r\gh ?is contradiction1 & 9 ! ,prud5tial build+ he c>ri$ out ! idea ( a protective cas+ s successfully t ,montgom]y ,s*uyl] said ( x1 ,i "k ( no /eel fram$ build+ 9 :i* ! metallic con/ruction is m palpably felt ?r\gh ! envelope ( bak$ clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,! ,,prud5tial ,,build+1 ,,buffalo ,n4,y4 ,! pres5t au?or c speak ) all humbl5ess ( ! g5]al failure1 on ! "p ( ! ar*itectural pr(ession1 to appreciate ! importance ( ?is a*ievem5t1 = he pleads guilty ( day aft] day hav+ pass$ ! ,prud5tial build+1 !n fre% 9 ! maje/y ( its so>+ l9es1 & 9 ! wond] ( its fire-wr\ght cas+1 ) eyes & admiration only = ! false romanticism ( ! ,erie ,c\nty ,sav+s ,bank1 & ! empty bomba/ ( ! gigantic ,ellicott ,squ>e4 ,he _h n at t p]iod ( 8 life succe$$ 9 liv+ d[n 8 ar*itectural tra9+1 & z a result ! mo/ ignorant layman 0 9 a bett] position to appraise ! relative m]its ( ^! ?ree s diff]5t inc>nations ( ! build+ impulse ?an 0 he4 ,s9ce ! ,prud5tial build+ !re h be5 o!r tall (fice build+s1 by o!r h&s1 tru?ful 9 ! ma91 less rigid1 less monoton\s1 m sup]ficially pleas+1 yet !y someh[ fail to imp>t ! feel+ ( utt] s9c]ity & fre% orig9ality inspir$ by ?is build+4 ,"o feels t "h democracy has at la/ f\nd utt]ance 9 beauty2 ! ,am]ican _s speaks1 ! _s ( ! ,long ,d5i$4 ,?is rude1 rectangul> bulk is uncompromis+ly practical & utilit>ian2 ^! r[s on r[s ( w9d[s1 regul>ly spac$1 & all ( ! same size1 sugge/ ! equality & monotony ( obscure1 labori\s lives2 ! upspr++ %afts ( ! v]tical pi]s /& = _! hopes & aspirations1 & ! unobtrusive1 delicate ornam5t :i* cov]s ! :ole ) a g>m5t ( fre% beauty is l ! v texture ( _! dreams4 ,! build+ is able to speak ?us p[]fully to ! imag9ation because its creator is a poet & prophet ( democracy4 ,9 8 own *os5 language he decl>es1 z ,:itman did 9 v]se1 8 fai? 9 ! p ( ^! /ates--,a ,nation ann\nc+ itself4 ,o!rs w d\btless foll[ :o w make a ri*] music1 comm5surate ) ! future's ri*] life1 b su* democracy z is ours /&s "h proclaim$1 j z su* feudalism z is /ill ours /&s proclaim$ 9 ! ,erie ,c\nty ,bank j across ! way4 ,! massive r\gh /one walls ( ?is build+1 its po9t$ t[]s & _m dorm]$ *ateau-l ro( unconsci\sly symbolize ! attempt to impose ^u ! liv+ pres5t a moribund & ali5 ord]4 ,democracy is ?us afflict$1 & ! fact mu/ ne$s f9d ar*itectural expression4 ,9 ! field ( dome/ic ar*itecture ^! dramatic contra/s are less evid5t1 less %>ply m>k$4 ,dome/ic life v>ies little f age to age2 a cottage is a cottage ! _w ov]1 & "s manorial mansion on ! ,james ,riv]1 built 9 ,colonial days1 rema9s a fitt+ habitation 7assum+ ! addition ( electric lights & sanit>y plumb+7 = "o ( our ,capta9s ( ,indu/ry1 h[ev] little an anci5t tobacco w>eh\se w\ld s]ve him z a place ( bus9ess4 ,?is fact is s well recogniz$ t ! f9e/ type ( mod]n c\ntry h\se foll[s1 9 g5]al1 ?is or "s o!r equally admirable model1 ?\gh x is amus+ to note ! millionaire's pref]5ce = a feudal ca/le1 a ,fr5* *ateau1 or an ,italian villa ( ! decad5ce4 ,! man ( mod]ate means1 s call$1 provides himself ) no difficulty ) a com=table h\se1 undi/+ui%$ b unpret5ti\s1 :i* fits him l a glove4 ,!re is a piazza t[>ds ! /reet1 a bay-w9d[ 9 ! liv+ room1 a sleep+-por* = ! *ildr51 & a box ( a g>age = ! flivv] 9 ! bit ( a back y>d4 ,= ! wage e>n] ! h\s+ problem is n s easily nor s successfully solv$4 ,he is usually betwe5 ! devil ( ! speculative build] & ! deep sea ( ! pr$atory l&lord1 ea* int5t ^u tak+ f him ! limit t ! law all[s & giv+ him z little z possible = 8 money4 ,go+ d[n ! scale ( indig5ce we f9d an it9]ancy am\nt+ almo/ to homelessness1 or h\ses s abject t !y are an insult to ! v "n ( home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv3 ,,! ,,erie ,,c\nty ,,sav+s ,,bank1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 ,x is an eloqu5t comm5t>y ^u our national attitude t[>d a mo/ vital matt] t 9 ?is fev]i% hu/le to produce %ips1 airplanes1 clo?+ & munitions on a va/ scale1 ! h\s+ ( ! work]s 0 ei!r ov]look$ entirely1 or receiv$ elev5?-h\r consid]ation1 & only n[1 aft] a ye> ( p>ticipation 9 ! w>1 is x beg9n+ to be adequately & (ficially dealt )--h[ effici5tly & intellig5tly rema9s to be se54 ,! h\s+ ( ! soldi]s 0 ano!r matt]3 t necessity 0 pla9 & urg5t1 & ! miracle has be5 accompli%$1 b except by indirection x has contribut$ no?+ to ! p]man5t h\s+ problem4 ,o!r aspects ( our life :i* h f\nd ar*itectural expression fall nei!r 9 ! comm]cial nor 9 ! dome/ic category--! great hotels1 = example1 :i* p>take ( ! nature ( bo?1 & our pass5g] railway t]m9als1 :i* p>take ( ! nature ( nei!r4 ,^! latt] des]ve especial consid]ation 9 ?is connection1 by reason ( _! important function4 ,! railway is ( ! v ess5ce ( ! mod]n1 ev5 ?\gh 7) :at sublime unreason7 ,imp]ial ,rome is writt5 l>ge ov] ,new ,york's mo/ magnific5t portal4 ,?9k n t 9 an age ( unfai? mank9d gives up ! build+ ( temples4 ,temples inevitably arise :]e ! tide ( life fl[s /ronge/2 = !re ,god manife/s1 9 h[ev] /range a guise4 ,t tide is n[h]e /rong] ?an 9 ! railroad1 :i* is ! art]ial sy/em ( our civilization4 ,all art]ies lead to & f ! he>t1 & ?us ! railroad t]m9us becomes ! beat+ he>t at ! c5t] ( mod]n life4 ,x is a true in/9ct !re=e :i* prompts to ! mak+ ( ! t]m9al build+ a v temple1 a monum5t to ! conque/ ( space ?r\gh ! h>ness+ ( ! giant horses ( electricity & /eam4 ,?is conque/ mu/ be celebrat$ on a scale comm5surate ) its importance1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ?is necessity ! ,p5nsylvania /ation rais$ its pr\d head amid ! pu%-c>t ar*itecture ( t portion ( ,new ,york 9 :i* x /&s4 ,x is n !re=e op5 to ! criticism (t5 pass$ ^u x1 t x is too gr&1 b x is ! wrong k9d ( gr&eur4 ,if !re be tru? 9 ! cont5tion t ! liv+ ne$s ( today _c be graft$ ^u ! dead /ump ( any anci5t gr&eur1 ! futility ( e attempt to accompli% ?is impossible w someh[1 some:]e1 reveal itself to ! disc]n+ eye4 ,let u seek out1 9 ?is build+1 ! place ( ?is betrayal4 ,x is n necess>ily 9 ! ma9 faade1 ?\gh ?is is n a face1 b a mask--& a mask c1 aft] its k9d1 always be made beautiful2 x is n 9 ! nobly vault$ corridor1 l9$ ) %ops--= all we "k ! arcades ( ,imp]ial ,rome 7 simil>ly l9$2 nor is x 9 ! spl5did ve/ibule1 lead+ into ! magnific5t wait+ room1 9 :i* a subject ( ! ,cs>s w\ld h felt m p]fectly at home1 p]haps1 ?an d we4 ,b beyond ?is pass5g] conc\rse1 :]e ! elevators & /airways desc5d to ! tracks1 necessity dem&$ ! con/ruction ( a great enclosure1 support$ only on sl5d] columns & f>-flung trusses ro($ ) glass4 ,n[ lattic$ columns1 /eel trusses1 & wire glass are inv5tions ( ! mod]n _w too useful to be disp5s$ )4 ,rome c\ld n help ! ar*itect "h4 ,! mode to :i* he 0 inexorably self-committ$ 9 ! re/ ( ! build+ dem&$ massive masonry1 cornices1 m\ld+s2 a tribute to ,cs> :i* c\ld be paid ev]y:]e b 9 ?is place4 ,! ar*itect's problem !n became to reconcile two diametrically diff]5t sy/ems4 ,b betwe5 ! we/ wall ( ! anci5t ,roman ba?s & ! mod]n skeleton con/ruction ( ! ro( ( ! human gre5h\se !re is no attempt at fusion4 ,! sl5d] lattic$ columns cut unpleasantly ?r\gh ! granite cornices & m\ld+s2 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4 & ! tw5tie? are "h 9 incongru\s juxtaposition--a little ?+1 easily ov]look$1 yet h[ reveal+6 ,h[ reassur+ ( ! fact ,god is n mock$6 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral t]m9al speaks to ! eye 9 a mod]n tongue1 ) h[ev] ,fr5* an acc5t4 ,its faade sugge/s a portal1 rem9d+ ! behold] t a railway /ation is 9 a v lit]al s5se a city gate plac$ j z appropriately 9 ! c5t] ( ! municipality z 9 anci5t times x 0 plac$ 9 ! circuit ( ! out] walls4 ,nei!r edifice w /& ! acid te/ ( ,mr4 ,sullivan's =mula1 t a build+ is an organism & %\ld foll[ ! law ( organisms1 :i* decrees t ! =m mu/ ev]y:]e foll[ & express ! function1 ! function det]m9+ & creat+ its appropriate =m4 ,"h are two em95t examples ( arrang$ ar*itecture4 ,be=e organic ar*itecture c come into be+ our in*oate national life mu/ itself become organic4 ,arrang$ ar*itecture1 ( ! sort we see ev]y:]e1 despite its falsity1 is a true expression ( ! conditions :i* gave x bir?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,t]m9al ,! gr&eur ( ,rome1 ! spl5d\r ( ,p>is--:at j & adequate expression d !y give ( mod]n ,am]ican life8 ,!n %all we f9d 9 our great hotels1 say1 su* expression8 ,truly !y repres5t1 9 ! phrase ( ,h5ry ,james1 a realiz$ ideal & a /udy ( !m %\ld reveal t ideal4 ,f su* a /udy we c only conclude t x is life )\t ef=t or responsibility1 ) e physical ne$ luxuri\sly gratifi$4 ,b ^! hotels nev]!less repres5t democracy1 x may be urg$1 = ! reason t e "o may !re buy bo>d & lodg+ & m]c5>y s]vice if he has ! price4 ,! exce$+ greatness ( t price1 h[ev]1 makes ( x a badge ( nobility :i* conv]ts ^! democratic ho/elries into feudal ca/les1 m inaccessible to ! ,long ,d5i$ ?an z ?\gh ent]$ by a drawbridge & surr\nd$ by a moat4 ,we ne$ n ev5 glance at ! *ur*es1 = ! tides ( our spiritual life fl[ no long] 9 full volume ?r\gh _! portals2 nei!r may ! colleges long deta9 u1 = ar*itecturally consid]$ !y give =? a confusion ( tongues :i* has its analogue 9 ! confusion ( ideas 9 ! collective academic head4 ,is our se>* = "s sign ( democracy end$1 & is x va98 ,no1 democracy exi/s 9 ! secret he>t ( ! p1 all ! p1 b x is a ?+ s new1 s /range1 s secret & sacr$--! ideal ( bro!rhood--t x is unmanife/ yet 9 "t & space4 ,x is a ?+ born n ) ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 b only ye/]day1 ) ! call to a new crusade4 ,! ,national ,army is its cradle1 & x is nurtur$ :]ev] communities unite to s]ve ! sacr$ cause4 ,al?\gh m5ac$ by ! bloody sword ( ,imp]ialism 9 ,europe1 x p]haps /&s 9 no less dang] f ! secret poison ( graft & gre$ & trea*]y "h at home4 ,b x is a spiritual bir?1 & !re=e x _c p]i%1 b w live to write itself on space 9 t]ms ( beauty su* z ! _w has nev] kn[n4 ,,ii ,,dur+ ,,! ,,w> ,! be/ ?+ t c be said ab\t our imm$iate ar*itectural pa/ is t x is pa/1 = x has contribut$ little ( value to an ar*itecture ( democracy4 ,dur+ t neo-feudal p]iod ! ar*itect prosp]$1 hav+ 8 place at ! b>onial table2 b n[ poor ,tom's a-cold on a w>-swept hea?1 ) food only = reflection4 ,?is is b natural2 ! ar*itect1 9 s f> z he is an arti/1 is a purveyor ( beauty2 & ! abnormal conditions inevitable to a /ate ( w> are deva/at+ to s fem99e & t5d] a ?+1 ev5 ?\gh w> be ! v soil f :i* new beauty spr+s4 ,) ,m>s 9 mid-heav5 h[ afflict$ is ! horoscope ( all arti/s6 ,! skill$ h& ( ! musician is put to co>s] uses2 ! eye t le>n$ its lessons f ! sunset mu/ le>n ! trick ( mak+ invisible w>%ips & great guns4 ,let ! ar*itect s]ve ! w>-god likewise1 9 any capacity t (f]s1 confid5t t ?is tr\bl+ ( ! wat]s w br+ ab\t a new precipitation2 t once ! w> is ov]1 m5 w turn f ^? old1 unhappy1 f>-(f ?+s to pa/ures beautiful & new4 ,9 :atev] way ! w> may complicate ! ar*itect's p]sonal problem1 x %\ld simplify & cl>ify 8 attitude t[>d 8 art4 ,) no matt] :at s]i\sness & s9c]ity he may h und]tak5 8 p]sonal se>* = tru? & beauty1 he w come to "q1 z nev] be=e1 bo? its direction & its results4 ,he is b\nd to p]ceive1 if he does n p]ceive already1 t ! w>'s arre/m5t ( ar*itecture 79 all b its mo/ utilit>ian & ephem]al phases7 is no great loss to ! _w = ! reason t our ar*itecture 0 un9spir$1 unorig9al1 done )\t joy1 )\t rev]5ce1 )\t conviction3 a ?+ :i* any w9d ( a new _s 0 b\nd to make appe> fooli% to a g5]ation ) sight r5d]$ clairvoyant ?r\gh its d$ication to great & reg5]ative ends4 ,he w come to p]ceive t betwe5 ! ,civil ,w> & ! crusade t is n[ ^u u1 we 7 "u ! evil spell ( mat]ialism4 ,n[ mat]ialism is ! v negation ( democracy1 :i* is a gov]nm5t by ! demos1 or ov]-s\l2 x is equally ! negation ( joy1 ! negation ( rev]5ce1 & x is )\t conviction because x _c believe ev5 9 itself4 ,reflect+ ?us1 he c sc>cely fail to realize t mat]ialism1 ev]y:]e entr5*$1 0 entr5*$ /ronge/ 9 ! camps ( ! ri*---n ! idle ri*1 = mat]ialism is s t]rible a taskma/] t x makes its vot>ies its slaves4 ,^! slaves1 9 turn1 made a slave ( ! arti/1 a m9i/] to _! pride & pret5ce4 ,8 art ?us lack$ t sad s9c]ity :i* alone might h sav$ x 9 a crisis4 ,:5 ! /orm broke militant democracy turn$ to ! eng9e]1 :o produc$ build+s at record spe$1 by ! mile1 ) only su* ar*itectural assi/ance z c\ld be fir/ & easie/ fi%$ up f ! dragnet ( ! draft4 ,9 "o direction only does !re appe> to be op5 wat]4 ,t[>d ! g5]al h\s+ problem ! ar*itectural pr(ession has be5 spurr$ into activity by reason ( ! w>1 & to its cr$it be x said1 x is n[ ?or\ghly ar\s$4 ,! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,ar*itects s5t a commission] to ,engl& to /udy h\s+ 9 its late/ manife/ations1 & "s ( ! able/ & mo/ influ5tial memb]s ( t organization h plac$ _! s]vices at ! disposal ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,moreov]1 !re is a manife/ disposition1 on ! "p ( ar*itects ev]y:]e1 to help 9 ?is matt] all !y c4 ,! dang] dwells 9 ! possibility t _! advice w n be he$$1 _! s]vices n be fully utiliz$1 b ?r\gh *ican]y1 ignorance1 or inanition1 we w relapse into ! t5tative1 exp5sively provisional me?ods :i* h gov]n$ ! h\s+ ( work]s hi!rto4 ,ev5 s1 ar*itects w d\btless recapture1 & m ?an recapture1 _! imp]il$ pre/ige1 b "u :at *ang$ conditions1 & ) :at an alt]$ attitude t[>d _! art & _! craft6 ,!y w f9d t !y mu/ unle>n c]ta9 ?+s ! s*ools _h taught !m3 preoccupation ) ! relative m]its ( ,go?ic & ,classic--twe$l$um & twe$l$ee4 ,fur!rmore1 !y mu/ le>n c]ta9 neglect$ lessons f ! eng9e]1 lessons t !y w be able immeasurably to bett]1 = al?\gh ! eng9e] is a v mon/] ( compet5ce & effici5cy )9 8 limits1 ^! are %>ply m>k$1 & to any detail$ k ( t beautiful necessity :i* det]m9es spatial rhy?m & c\nt]po9t he is a /rang]4 ,! ideal relation betwe5 ar*itect & eng9e] is t ( a happily w$d$ pair--/r5g? m>ri$ to beauty2 9 ! p]iod j pass$ or pass+ !y h be5 z disgruntl$ divorcs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,r$ ,,cross ,,community ,,club ,,h\se1 ,,camp ,,%]man1 ,,ohio ,! au?or has 9 m9d "o *ild ( su* a happy union br\ght ab\t by ! w>2 ! build+ is ! ,r$ ,cross ,community ,club ,h\se at ,camp ,%]man1 :i*1 9 ! pursuit ( 8 de/9y1 & = ! fur!rance ( 8 education1 he inhabit$ = two memorable weeks4 ,he le>n$ !re m lessons ?an a few1 & enc\nt]$ m tangl$ ske9s ( de/9y ?an he is ev] likely to unravel4 ,! matt] has s direct a be>+1 bo? on ! subject ( ar*itecture & ( democracy1 t x is wor? discuss+ at "s l5g?4 ,?is club h\se /&s1 surr\nd$ by its tribut>y dormitories1 on a gov]nm5t res]vation1 imm$iately adjac5t to ! camp itself1 ! :ole con/itut+ :at is kn[n z ! ,community ,c5t]4 ,by ! paym5t ( a doll> any soldi] is free to ent]ta9 8 relatives & fri5ds !re1 & x is op5 to all ! soldi]s at all times4 ,because ! iron discipl9e ( ! army is relax$ z soon z ! limits ( ! camp are ov]pass$1 ! atmosph]e is fav\rable to social life4 ,! build+ occupies its acre ( gr\nd invit+ly1 ?\gh ext]iorly ( no p>ticul> di/9ction4 ,x is ! int]ior t entitles x to consid]ation z a contribution to an ar*itecture ( t new-born democracy ( :i* our army camps h be5 ! cradle4 ,! plan ( ?is int]ior is cruci=m1 two hundr$ feet 9 ea* dim5sion4 ,built by ! ,r$ ,cross ( ! /ate ( ,ohio1 & d$icat$ to ! l>g] uses ( t organization1 ! symbolic appropriat5ess ( ?is p>ticul> geometrical figure %\ld n pass unrem>k$4 ,! cross is divid$ into side aisles1 nave1 & cross+1 ) gall]ies & mezzan9es s arrang$ z to %ort5 ! arms ( ! cross 9 its upp] /ages1 leav+ ! cle>-/ory surr\nd+ ! cross+ unimp$$ & well def9$4 ,! light comes = ! mo/ "p f high w9d[s1 filt]+ d[n1 9 temp]$ brightness to ! floor4 ,! bones ( ! /ructure are ev]y:]e 9 evid5ce1 & an elem5t ( its beauty1 by reason ( ! admirably direct & logical arrangem5t ( po/s & trusses4 ,! v]tical walls are cov]$ ) pla/]-bo>d ( a light buff color1 conv]t$ into good siz$ panels by means ( wood5 /rips f9i%$ ) a ?9 grey /a94 ,! /ructural wood "w is /a9$ 9 simil> fa%ion1 ! iron rods1 /raps1 & bolts be+ pa9t$ black4 ,?is color s*eme is complet$ & a little enliv5$ by r$ /ripes & crosses plac$ at appropriate int]vals 9 ! g5]al design4 ,! build+ atta9$ its f9al syn!sis ?r\gh ! collaboration ( a ,clevel& ar*itect & a ,national ,army capta9 ( eng9e]s4 ,x is s s+le 9 its appeal t "o does n c>e to inquire too closely into ! "p ( ea* 9 ! p]=mance2 bo? are 9 evid5ce1 = an ar*itect seldom succe$s 9 be+ s direct & simple1 :ile an eng9e] seldom succe$s 9 be+ s graci\s & altoge!r suave4 ,entirely aside f its /hetic int]e/--bas$ z ?is is on beauty ( organism almo/ alone--! build+ is notable = ! success ) :i* x fulfils & co-ord9ates its manifold functions3 ^? ( a dormitory1 a re/aurant1 a ballroom1 a !atre1 & a l\nge4 ,! arm ( ! cross conta9+ ! pr9cipal entrance accommodates ! (fice1 coat room1 telephones1 news & cig> /&1 :ile leav+ ! c5tral nave unimp$$1 s t f ! door "o gets ! unusual effect ( an int]ior vi/a two hundr$ feet long4 ,! re/aurant occupies ! entire left transept1 ) a great brick fireplace at ! f> end4 ,!re is ano!r fireplace 9 ! c5tre ( ! side ( ! arm beyond ! cross+2 t "p :i* w\ld correspond 9 a ca!dral to ! *oir & apse be+ giv5 ov] to ! uses ( a read+ & writ+ room4 ,! "r transept =ms a !atre1 on occasion1 t]m9at+ z x does ) a /age4 ,! c5tral floor spaces are kept ev]y:]e free except 9 ! re/aurant1 ! sides & angles be+ fill$ 9 ) lea!r-cov]$ s(as1 wick] & wood5 *airs & tables1 arrang$ 9 gr\ps fav\rable to com=t & conv]sation4 ,two /airways1 at ! "r & left ( ! re/aurant1 give access to ! ample balcony & to ! b$rooms1 :i* occupy ?ree ( ! f\r ends ( ! arms ( ! cross at ?is level4 ,! appe>ance & atmosph]e ( ?is great int]ior is inspir+2 p>ticul>ly ( an ev5+1 :5 x is ?rong$ ) soldi]s1 & civilian gue/s4 ,! /ra9s ( music1 ! hum ( _m voices1 ! rhy?mic %uffle on ! wax$ floor ( ! feet ( ! danc]s--^! em95tly social s\nds m+le & lose !mselves 9 ! spaces ( ! ro(1 l ! voice ( _m wat]s4 ,tobacco smoke asc5ds l inc5se1 blue above ! prevail+ gre5-br[n ( ! cr[d1 %ot "h & !re ) bright] colors f ! wom5's hats & dresses1 9 ! kaleidoscopic %ift+ ( ! dance4 ,long p>allel r[s ( orange lights1 gr\p$ l[ d[n on ! l(ty pill>s1 reflect !mselves on ! poli%$ floor1 & l ! pat9a ( "t on pa9t$ canvas imp>t to ! entire animat$ picture an incomp>able tone4 ,= ! light+1 ei!r by accid5t or by inspiration1 is an a*ievem5t ( ! happie/1 an example ( ! fri5dl9ess ( fate to him :o attempts a free solution ( 8 problem4 ,! brackets consi/ m]ely ( a cruci=m arrangem5t ( plan$ p9e bo>ds ab\t ea* column1 ) ! end gra9 pa9t$ r$4 ,on ! "u side ( ea* arm ( ! cross is a s+le electric bulb enclos$ )9 an orange-col\r$ %ade to kill ! gl>e4 ,! light makes ! b>e wood ( ! fixture appe> inc&esc5t1 def9+ its geometry 9 rose col\r ) ! mo/ beautiful effect4 ,! club h\se is ! c5tre ( ! social & c]emonial life ( ! camp1 = balls1 d9n]s1 receptions1 conf]5ces1 conc]ts )\t numb]2 & x has be5 ! sc5e ( a milit>y w$d+--! daught] ( a major-g5]al to ! gr&son ( an ex-presid5t4 ,to ^! ev5ts ! unassum+1 b p]vasive beauty ( ! place l5ds a dignity new to our social life4 ,9 our army camps social life is truly democratic1 z any "o :o has exp]i5c$ x does n ne$ to be told4 ,n alone h ! conditions ( conscription conspir$ to make x s1 b !re is a manife/ w-to-democracy--! gr[+ ( a new fl[] ( ! _s1 s[n 9 a community ( sacrifice1 to rea* its maturity1 p]haps1 only 9 a community ( suff]+4 ,! au?or may seem to h ov]-prais$ ?is ,community ,club ,h\se2 ) ! :ole c\ntry to draw f = examples x may well appe> fatu\s to conc5trate ! read]'s att5tion1 = s long1 on a build+ 9 a remote "p ( ! ,middle ,we/3 *eap1 tempor>y1 & requir+ only tw5ty-"o days = its erection4 ,b ( ! transvaluation ( values br\ght ab\t by ! w>1 ?is build+ is an em95t example3 x /&s 9 symbolic relation to ! times2 x repres5ts :at may be call$ ! ar*itecture ( ,s]vice2 x is among ! fir/ ( ! new temples ( ! new democracy1 d$icat$ to ! uses ( simple1 rational social life4 ,not)/&+ t x fills a felt ne$1 common to e community1 !re is no?+ l x 9 any ( our t[ns & cities2 !re are only su* poor & p>tial sub/itutes z ! hotel1 ! saloon1 ! dance hall1 ! lodge room & ! club4 ,x is sc>cely conceivable t ! m5 & wom5 :o h exp]i5c$ its b5efits & its beauty %\ld n dem& & h simil> build+s 9 _! own home t[ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,camp ,,%]man ,,community ,,h\se ,beyond ! oasis ( ! ,community ,club ,h\se at ,camp ,%]man /ret* ! cantonm5ts--a ,euclidian nightm>e ( b>e bo>ds1 black ro(s & dit*es1 mak+ grim vi/as ( /raight l9es4 ,?is is ! ar*itecture ( ,ne$ 9 contradi/9ction to ! ar*itecture ( ,gre$1 symboliz$ 9 ! %op-w9d[ prett9ess ( ^? sanit>y suburbs ( our cities creat$ by ! real e/ate ag5t & ! speculative build]4 ,nei!r conta9 any endur+ elem5t ( beauty4 ,b ! love ( beauty 9 "o =m or ano!r exi/s 9 e human he>t1 & if too long or too rigor\sly d5i$ x f9ds its own *annels ( fulfilm5t4 ,?is desire = self-expression ?r\gh beauty is an important1 ?\gh little rem>k$ ph5om5on ( ^! mid-w> times4 ,at ! camps x %[s itself 9 ! ef=ts ( m5 ( specializ$ ta/es & tal5ts to get toge!r & =m dramatic organizations1 glee clubs1 & or*e/ras2 & m g5]ally by ! disposition ( ! soldi]s to s+ toge!r at "w & play & on ! m>*4 ,! r5asc5ce ( poetry c be int]pret$ z a revulsion aga9/ ! prevail+ pros9ess2 ! amateur !atre is equally a prote/ aga9/ ! inanity & conv5tionality ( ! comm]cial /age2 :ile ! ,community ,*orus movem5t is an evid5ce ( a desire to escape a n>r[ pr(essionalism 9 music4 ,a simil> situation has aris5 9 ! field ( dome/ic ar*itecture1 9 ! =m ( an unorganiz$1 b wide-spread reaction aga9/ ! *eap & ugly comm]cialism :i* has dom9at$ h\se con/ruction & decoration ( ! m unpret5ti\s class4 ,?is became articulate a few ye>s ago 9 ! l>ge numb] ( books & magaz9es devot$ to h\se-plann+1 con/ruction1 decoration1 furni%+1 & g>d5-craft4 ,! success :i* has att5d$ ^! publications1 & _! m>k$ influ5ce1 give "s measure ( ! magnitude ( ?is revolt4 ,b n[ att5tion mu/ be call$ to a significant1 & some:at s9i/] fact4 ,! pr(essional 9 ^! v>i\s fields ( /hetic endeav\r1 has %[n ei!r indiff]5ce or active ho/ility t[>d all mann] ( amateur ef=ts at self-expression4 ,free v]se ar\s$ ! ridicule ( ! pr(essors ( metrics2 ! ,little ,!atre movem5t 0 solemnly bann$ by su* pundits z ,belasco & ,mrs4 ,fiske2 ! ,community ,*orus movem5t has inv>iably met ) opposition & misund]/&+ f pr(essional musicians2 & ) few exceptions ! m influ5tial ar*itects h rema9$ alo( f ! ef=t to give skill$ ar*itectural assi/ance to ^? :o _c af=d to pay !m t5 p] c5t4 ,?us ev]y:]e d we discov] a dead5+ h& laid ^u ! self-expression ( ! democratic _s ?r\gh beauty4 ,its enemies are ( its own h\sehold2 ^? :o by nature & tra9+ %\ld be its help]s h9d] x in/ead4 ,:y d !y d ?is8 ,because _! fa/idi\s1 /hetic natures are outrag$ by a crud5ess :i* !y !mselves c\ld easily ref9e away if !y *ose2 because also !y recoil at a lack ( con=mity to exi/+ conv5tions--conv5tions s hamp]+ to ! inn] _s ( ! ,newness1 t 9 ord] to inc>nate at all x mu/ ( necessity sweep !m aside4 ,b 9 e field ( /hetic endeav\r appe>s "h & !re a man or a woman ) uncl\d$ vision1 :o is able to see 9 ! fl\nd]+s ( untra9$ amateurs ! /irr+s ( demos f 8 age-long sleep4 ,^!1 (t5 =sak+ pa?s m pr(itable1 l5d _! skill$ assi/ance1 n seek+ to impose ! anci5t outworn =ms ^u ! ,newness1 b by a transfusion ( consci\sness p]mitt+ x to create =ms ( its own4 ,su* a "o1 9 ar*itecture1 ,l\is ,sullivan has prov$ himself2 9 music ,h>ry ,b>nh>t1 :o evokes ! v _s ( song f any r&om cr[d4 ,! demos f\nd voice fir/ 9 ! poetry ( ,walt ,:itman :o has a successor 9 ,va*el ,l9dsay1 ! man :o walk$ ?r\gh ,kansas1 trad+ poetry = food & lodg+1 tea*+ ! f>m]s' sons & daught]s to intone 8 /irr+ odes to ,pocahontas1 ,g5]al ,boo?1 & ,old ,john ,br[n4 ,isadora ,duncan1 ,gordon ,craig1 ,maet]l9ck1 ,scriab9e are p]haps too remote f ! _s ( democracy1 too t+$ ) old-_w /heticism1 to be includ$ 9 ?is p>ticul> category1 b all are image-break]s1 lib]ators1 & h play$ _! "p 9 ! prep>ation ( ! field = an art ( democracy4 ,to ! ar*itect falls ! task1 9 ! new disp5sation1 ( provid+ ! appropriate mat]ial environm5t = its new life4 ,if he holds ! old ideas & *]i%es ! old convictions curr5t be=e ! w> he c d no?+ b reproduce _! =ms & fa%ions2 = ar*itecture1 9 ! la/ analysis1 is only ! h&writ+ ( consci\sness on space1 & mat]ialism has writt5 !re already all t x has to tell ( its failure to satisfy ! m9d & he>t ( man4 ,h[ev] beautiful old =ms may seem to him !y w decl>e _! inadequacy to g5]ations free ( t mi/ ( famili>ity :i* n[ makes life obscure4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 submitt+ himself to ! inspiration ( ! demos he exp]i5ces a *ange ( consci\sness1 he w become truly & newly creative4 ,8 problem1 9 o!r words1 is n to int]pret democracy 9 t]ms ( exi/+ idioms1 be !y classic or romantic1 b to exp]i5ce democracy 9 8 he>t & let x create & det]m9e its new =ms ?r\gh him4 ,x is n = him to impose1 x is = him to be impos$ ^u4 ,! passive ,ma/] l5t 8 h& ,to ! va/ s\l t o'er him plann$ says ,em]son 9 ,! ,problem1 a poem1 :i* seems p>ticul>ly address$ to ar*itects1 & :i* e "o ( !m w\ld d well to le>n by he>t4 ,if he is at a loss to "k :]e to g & :at to d 9 ord] to be play$ ^u by ^! great =ces let him direct 8 att5tion to ! army & ! army camps4 ,"h ! _s ( democracy is already inc>nate4 ,^! soldi]s1 viol5tly %ak5 free f _! environm5t1 /ripp$ ( all b ! elem5tal necessities ( life2 fac+ a s9i/] de/9y beyond a human-%>k-infe/$ ocean1 are today ! =tunate ( e>? by reason ( _! realization ( bro!rhood1 n z a beautiful !ory1 b z a bless$ fact ( exp]i5ce4 ,!y w come back ) ideas t !y _c utt]1 ) memories t !y _c describe2 !y w h dream$ dreams & se5 visions1 & _! he>ts w /ir to pot5cies = :i* mat]ialism has n ev5 a "n4 ,! future ( ! c\ntry w be 9 _! "y h&s4 ,w !y re-create1 f its ru9s1 ! fai?less & loveless feudalism f :i* ! w> set !m free8 ,no1 !y w seek only = self-expression1 ! expression ( t ar\s$ & indwell+ _s :i* %all create ! new1 ! true democracy4 ,& because x is a spiritual ?+ x w come clo!d 9 beauty2 t is1 x w f9d its supreme expression ?r\gh ! =ms ( art4 ,! ar*itect :o assi/s 9 ! emprise ( weav+ ?is g>m5t w be supremely bless$1 b only he :o has kept ! vigil ) pray] & fa/+ w be supremely qualifi$4 ,,iii ,,aft] ,,! ,,w> ,:5 ! old _w is /]ile ,& ! ages are effete1 ,he w f wrecks & s$im5t ,! fair] _w complete4 ,! ,_w ,s\l4 ,em]son4 ,he :om ! ,_w ,s\l =bids to despair _c b hope2 & he :o hopes tries ev] to imag9e t fair] _w ye>n+ = bir? beyond ?is int]val ( blood & te>s4 ,prophecy1 to all b ! ano9t$1 is dang]\s & unc]ta91 b ev5 s1 ! au?or _c =be> attempt+ to prevision ! ar*itecture likely to arise f ! wrecks & s$im5t left by ! w>4 ,z a basis = ?is =eca/ x is necess>y fir/ ( all briefly to classify ! expression ( ! build+ impulse f :at may be call$ ! psy*ological po9t ( view4 ,broadly speak+1 !re are n five ord]s ( ar*itecture--nor fifty--b only two3 ,arrang$ & ,organic4 ,^! correspond to ! two t]ms ( t inevitable duality :i* bisects life4 ,tal5t & g5ius1 reason & intuition1 bromide & sulphite are "s ( ! names we "k !m by4 ,arrang$ ar*itecture is reason$ & artificial2 produc$ by tal5t1 gov]n$ by ta/e4 ,organic ar*itecture1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! product ( "s obscure inn] necessity = self-expression :i* is sub-consci\s4 ,x is z ?\gh ,nature h]self1 ?r\gh "s human organ ( h] activity1 _h address$ h]self to ! s]vice ( ! sons & daught]s ( m54 ,arrang$ ar*itecture 9 its f9e/ manife/ations is ! product ( a pride1 a k1 a compet5ce1 a confid5ce /agg]+ to behold4 ,x seems to say ( ! works ( ,nature1 ,i'll %[ y a trick wor? two ( t4 ,= ! subtlety ( ,nature's geometry1 & = h] inf9ite v>iety & unexpect$ness1 ,arrang$ ar*itecture sub/itutes a ,euclidian sy/em ( /raight l9es & 7= ! mo/ "p7 circul> curves1 assembl$ & arrang$ accord+ to a def9ite logic ( its own4 ,x is creat$ b n creative2 x is imag9$ b n imag9ative4 ,organic ar*itecture is bo? creative & imag9ative4 ,x is non-,euclidian 9 ! s5se t x is high]-dim5sional--t is1 x sugge/s ext5sion 9 directions & into regions :]e ! _s f9ds itself at home1 b ( :i* ! s5ses give no report to ! bra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,imag9ative ,,sket* ,,by ,,h5ry ,p4 ,,kirby ,to make ! :ole ?+ cle>] x may be said t ,arrang$ & ,organic ar*itecture be> mu* ! same relation to "o ano!r t a piano be>s to a viol94 ,a piano is an in/rum5t t does n give =? discords if "o foll[s ! rules4 ,a viol9 requires absolutely an e>--an inn] rectitude4 ,x has a way ( betray+ ! man ( tal5t & glorify+ ! g5ius1 becom+ "o ) 8 body & 8 s\l4 ,( c\rse x /&s to reason t !re is n always a h>d & fa/ diff]5tiation betwe5 ^! two ord]s ( ar*itecture1 b !re is "o sure way by :i* ea* may be recogniz$ & kn[n4 ,if ! function appe>s to h creat$ ! =m1 & if ev]y:]e ! =m foll[s ! function1 *ang+ z t *anges1 ! build+ is ,organic2 if on ! contr>y1 ! h\se conf9es ! _s1 if ! build+ pres5ts n a face b h[ev] beautiful a mask1 x is an example ( ,arrang$ ar*itecture4 ,! ,go?ic ca!drals ( ! ,he>t ( ,europe--n[ ! place ( ,armag$don--repres5t ! mo/ p]fect & p[]ful inc>nation ( ! ,organic _s 9 ar*itecture4 ,aft] ! decad5ce ( m$iaeval feudalism--syn*ron\s ) t ( mona/icism--! ,arrang$ ar*itecture ( ! ,r5aissance acquir$ ! asc5dant2 ?is 0 co9cid5t ) ! rise ( humanism1 :5 life became increas+ly secul>4 ,dur+ ! po/-,r5aissance1 or sci5tific p]iod1 ( :i* ! w> probably m>ks ! close1 !re has be5 a confusion ( tongues2 ar*itecture has spok5 only ali5 or dead languages1 le>n$ by rote4 ,b 9 s f> z x is any?+ at all1 /hetically1 our ar*itecture is ,arrang$1 s if only by ! op]ation ( ! law ( opposites1 or alt]nation1 we might reasonably expect ! next manife/ation to be ,organic4 ,!re are o!r & bett] reasons1 h[ev]1 = su* expectancy4 ,organic ar*itecture is ev] a fl[] ( ! religi\s _s4 ,:5 ! s\l draws ne> to ! surface ( life1 z x did 9 ! two my/ic c5turies ( ! ,middle ,ages1 x organizes life2 & ar*itecture1 along1 ) ! o!r arts becomes truly creative4 ,! in=m+ =ce comes n s mu* f man z ?r\gh him4 ,aft] ! w> t _s ( bro!rhood1 born 9 ! camps--z ,*ri/ 0 born 9 a mang]--& br$ on ! battlefields & 9 ! tr5*es ( ,europe1 is likely to take on all ! attributes ( a new religion ( humanity1 prompt+ m5 to su* h]oisms & r5unciations1 excit+ 9 !m su* psy*ic sublimations1 z h *>act]iz$ ! great religi\s r5ewals ( "t pa/4 ,if ?is happ5s x is b\nd to write itself on space 9 an ar*itecture beautiful & new2 "o :i* takes its %ape & sun-color n f ! nigg>dly m9d1 b f ! opul5t he>t4 ,?is ar*itecture w ( necessity be organic1 ! product n ( self-ass]tive p]sonalities1 b ! "w ( ! ,pati5t ,daemon organiz+ ! nation into a spiritual democracy4 ,! au?or is aw>e t 9 ?is po9t ( view !re is little ( ! sci5tific _s2 b sci5ce fails to reckon ) ! s\l4 ,sci5ce advances fac+ backw>d1 s :at prevision c x h ( a miracul\s & div9ely inspir$ future--or = ! matt] ( t1 ( any future at all8 ,! old me?ods & categories w no long] answ]2 ! ord]ly c\rse ( evolution has be5 viol5tly int]rupt$ by ! e>?quake ( ! w>2 igne\s action has sup]s$$ aque\s action4 ,! casem5ts ( ! human m9d look out no long] ^u famili> hills & valleys1 b on a />k1 /range1 deva/at$ l&scape1 ! pl\gh$ l& ( "s future h>ve/ ( ! ye>s4 ,x is ! end ( ! ,age1 ! ,kali ,yuga--! completion ( a major cycle2 b all cycles foll[ ! same sequ5ce3 aft] w9t]1 ,spr+2 & aft] ! ,iron ,age1 ! ,gold54 ,! specific features ( ?is organic1 div9ely inspir$ ar*itecture ( ! ,gold5 ,age _c ( c\rse be disc]n$ by any "o1 any m ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,great ,my/]y w pres5t itself anew to consci\sness4 ,! mo/ imag9ative arti/ c imag9e only 9 t]ms ( ! already-exi/5t2 he c speak only ! language he has le>n$4 ,if t language has be5 d]iv$ f m$iaevalism1 he w let 8 fancy so> aft] ! mann] ( ,h5ry ,kirby1 9 8 ,imag9ative ,sket*es2 if on ! contr>y he has le>n$ to ?9k 9 t]ms ( ! classic v]nacul>1 ,otto ,rie?'s ,ar*itectur-,skizz5 w sugge/ ! sort ( ?+ t he is likely to produce4 ,bo? results w be z remote z possible f future reality1 = ! reason t !y are s ne> to pres5t reality4 ,& yet "s g]ms ( ! future mu/ be enfold$ ev5 9 ! pres5t mom5t4 ,! c\rse ( wisdom is to seek !m nei!r 9 ! old romance nor 9 ! new rationalism1 b 9 ! subtle & ev]-*ang+ _s ( ! times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,ar*itectural ,,sket* ,,by ,,otto ,,rie? ,! mo/ mod]n note yet s\nd$ 9 bus9ess1 9 diplomacy1 9 social life1 is express$ by ! phrase1 ,live op5ly6 ,f e qu>t]1 9 reg>d to e mann] ( human activity1 has come ! cry1 ,let 9 ! light6 ,by a physical correspond5ce n ! result ( co9cid5ce1 b ( ! op]ation ( an occult law1 we h1 9 a v real s5se1 let 9 ! light4 ,9 build+s ( ! late/ type devot$ to l>ge uses1 !re has be5 a g5]al ab&onm5t ( t cellul> sy/em ( _m p>titions :i* produc$ ! pepp]-box ext]ior1 9 fav\r ( great rooms s]v+ div]se functions lit by va/ areas ( glass4 ,al?\gh an increase ( effici5cy has dictat$ & det]m9$ ^! *anges1 ?is break+ d[n ( b>ri]s betwe5 human be+s & _! common %>+ ( ! light ( day 9 full] measure1 is a symbol ( ! gr[? ( bro!rhood1 & ! se>*1 by ! s\l1 = spiritual light4 ,n[ if ?is fell[%ip & ?is que/ ga9 volume & int5sity1 its physical symbols are b\nd to multiply & f9d ev] m p]fect =ms ( manife/ation4 ,s bo? z a practical necessity & z a symbol ! mo/ pregnant & pr(\nd1 we are likely to witness 9 ar*itecture ! developm5t ( ! ,h\se ( ,light1 p>ticul>ly z human +5uity has made ?is increas+ly practicable4 ,glass is a product /ill und]go+ developm5t1 z are also ^? devices ( metal = hold+ x 9 position & mak+ ! jo9ts wea!r tight4 ,! accid5t & fire haz>d has be5 l>gely ov]come by protect+ ! /ructural p>ts1 by ! use ( wire glass1 & by o!r +5i\s devices4 ,! au?or has be5 in=m$ on good au?ority t %ortly be=e ! outbreak ( ! w> a glass _h be5 inv5t$ abroad1 & made comm]cially practicable1 :i* %ut out ! heat rays1 b admitt$ ! light4 ,! use ( ?is glass w\ld ov]come ! la/ difficulty--! equalization ( temp]atures--& might easily result 9 build+s ( an entirely novel type1 ! approa* to :i* is se5 9 ! pi] & grill /yle ( ext]ior4 ,?is is be+ adopt$ n only = comm]cial build+s1 b = o!rs ( widely diff]5t function1 on acc\nt ( its manife/ advantages4 ,cass ,gilb]t's admirable /udio ap>tm5t at #bjj ,we/ ,fifty-,sev5? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 is a build+ ( ?is type4 ,9 ?is seek+ = sunlight 9 our cities1 we w come to live on ! ro(s m & m--9 summ] 9 ! free air1 9 w9t] "u v>i=m$ %elt]s ( glass4 ,?is t5d5cy is already manife/+ itself 9 ^? newe/ hotels ^: ro(s are g>d5s1 conv]tible into skat+ ponds1 ) glaz$ belvid]es = eat+ 9 all wea!rs4 ,no?+ b ignorance & inanition /& 9 ! way ( utilization ( wa/e ro( spaces4 ,p h liv$ on ! ro(s 9 ! pa/1 (t5 en\gh1 & w aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,rod9 ,,/udios1 #bjj ,,we/ #eg,,? ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york ,by %\ld]+ ev] upw>d = air & light1 we h too (t5 made ( ! d[nt[n di/ricts cliff-b\nd canyons--granite deeps op5+ into granite deeps4 ,?is has be5 ! result ( no inh]5t necessity1 b ( t competitive gre$ ^: nemesis is ev] to miss ! v ?+ x seeks4 ,by intellig5t co-op]ation1 back$ by legislation1 ! roads & sidewalks might be made to %>e ! sunlight ) ! ro(s4 ,?is c\ld be a*iev$ 9 two ways3 by /epp+ back ! faades 9 successive /ages--giv+ top light+1 t]races1 & wond]ful incid5tal effects ( light & %ade--or by adju/+ ! height ( ! build+s to ! wid? ( _! int]spaces1 mak+ r[s ( tall build+s alt]nate ) r[s ( l[ ones1 ) occasional fully isolat$ skyscrap]s giv+ v>iety to ! sky-l9e4 ,^! & simil> problems ( city plann+ h be5 work$ out !oretically ) mu* m9ut5ess ( detail1 & are kn[n to e /ud5t ( ! sci5ce ( cities1 b v little ( x all has be5 realiz$ 9 a practical way--c]ta9ly n on ?is side ( ! wat]1 :]e individual rights are held s sacr$ t a prop]ty own] may commit any k9d ( an ar*itectural nuisance s long z he conf9es x to 8 own front y>d4 ,! /r5g? ( ,,is1 ! weakness ( %\ld be1 conflict+ int]e/s & legislative c[>dice are responsible = ! highly irrational mann] 9 :i* our cities h gr[n great4 ,! se>* = spiritual light 9 ! mid/ ( mat]ialism f9ds unconsci\s symbolization 9 a way o!r ?an ?is seek+ = ! sun4 ,x is 9 ! amaz+ developm5t ( artificial illum9ation4 ,f a purely utilit>ian /&po9t !re is almo/ no?+ t _c n[ be accompli%$ ) light1 %ort ( mak+ ! e!r itself lum9if]\s4 ,! /hetic developm5t ( ?is field1 h[ev]1 c be said to h sc>cely begun4 ,! s rec5t ,san ,francisco ,exposition witness$ ! fir/ successful ef=t ( any importance to enhance ! effect ( ar*itecture by artificial illum9ation1 & to use color$ light ) a view to its purely pictorial value4 ,?\gh c]ta9 build+s h s9ce be5 illum9at$ ) excell5t effect1 x rema9s true t ! corset1 *ew+-gum1 be] & automobile sky signs ( our ,great ,:ite ,ways indicate ! height to :i* our imag9ation has ris5 9 utiliz+ ?is ,prome!an gift 9 any b necess>y ways4 ,int]ior light+1 except negatively1 has n be5 dealt ) f ! /&po9t ( beauty1 b ( effici5cy2 ! eng9e] has preempt$ ?is field to ! exclusion ( ! arti/4 ,all ?is is ! result ( ! atrophy ( t faculty to wor%ip & wond] :i* alone induces ! mood f :i* ! creation ( beauty spr+s4 ,light we reg>d only z a conv5i5ce to see ?+s by in/ead ( z ! p[] & glory t x inh]5tly is4 ,its int5se & pot5t vibrations & ! ra9b[ glory ( its col\r beat at ! door ( consci\sness 9 va94 ,:5 we awak5 to ^! ?+s we %all organize light into a language ( spontane\s emotion1 j z f s\nd music 0 organiz$4 ,x is beside ! purpose ( ?is essay to attempt to trace ! evolution ( ?is new art =m1 made possible by mod]n inv5tion1 to indicate :at phases x is likely to pass ?r\gh on ! way to :at p]fections1 b t x is b\nd to add a new glory to ar*itecture is sure4 ,?is w come ab\t 9 two ways3 directly1 by giv+ color1 quality1 subtlety to outdoor & indoor light+1 & indirectly by educat+ ! eye to color values1 z ! e> has be5 educat$ by music2 ?us creat+ a ne$ = m color ev]y:]e4 ,z light is ! visible symbol ( an inn] radiance1 s is color ! sign manual ( happ9ess1 ( joy4 ,our cities are s dun & drab 9 _! outw>d aspects1 by reason ( ! weight ( c>e t burd5s u d[n4 ,we decry ! happy irresponsibility ( ! savage1 & ! pati5t cont5tm5t ( ! ,ori5tal ) 8 lot1 b bo? are able to a*ieve m>vels ( color 9 _! environm5t beyond ! compass ( civiliz$ man4 ,! glory ( m$iaeval ca!dral w9d[s is a /ill liv+ confutation ( ! belief t 9 ^? f>-(f times ! human he>t 0 sad4 ,ar*itecture is ! index ( ! inn] life ( ^? :o produc$ x1 & :5ev] x is colorful t inn] life conta9s an inn] joy4 ,9 ! com+ ,gold5 ,age life w be joy\s1 & if x is joy\s1 col\r w come into ar*itecture aga94 ,our psy*ological /ate ev5 n[1 alone prev5ts x1 = we are ri* 9 mat]ials & me?ods to make su* poly*romy possible4 ,9 an article 9 a rec5t numb] ( ,! ,ar*itectural ,record1 ,mr4 ,leon ,v4 ,solon1 writ+ f an entirely diff]5t po9t ( view1 div9es ?is t5d5cy1 & expresses ! op9ion t color is aga9 r5asc5t4 ,?is t5d5cy is s m>k$1 & ?is op9ion is s %>$ t we may look ) confid5ce t[>d a color-evolution 9 ar*itectural art4 ,! "q ( ! "* ( :at may be call$ ! ornam5tal mode ( ! ar*itecture ( ! ,new ,age is ( all que/ions ! mo/ obscure4 ,evolution along ! l9es ( ! already exi/5t does n help u "h1 = we are utt]ly )\t any ornam5tal mode f :i* a new & bett] might conceivably evolve4 ,no?+ s betrays ! spiritual bankruptcy ( ! end ( ! ,iron ,age z ?is4 ,! only light on ?is problem :i* we %all f9d1 dwells 9 ! realm ( metaphysics r ?an 9 ! _w ( mat]ial reality4 ,ornam5t1 m ?an any o!r elem5t ( ar*itecture1 is deeply psy*ological1 x is an ext]nalization ( an inn] life4 ,?is is s true t any "t-worn fragm5t out ( ! pa/ :5 art 0 a language c usually be assign$ to its place & its p]iod1 s eloqu5t is x ( a p>ticul> p & a p>ticul> "t4 ,c\ld we !re=e detect & und]/& ! obscure movem5t ( consci\sness 9 ! mod]n _w1 we might ga9 "s clue to ! language x w\ld lat] f9d4 ,x is cle> t consci\sness is mov+ away f its absorption 9 mat]iality because x is los+ fai? 9 mat]ialism4 ,clairvoyance1 psy*ism1 ! recrudesc5ce ( my/icism1 ( occultism--^! signs ( ! times are /raws :i* %[ :i* way ! w9d n[ sets1 & indicate t ! mod]n m9d is beg9n+ to f9d itself at home 9 :at is call$ ! f\r? dim5sion4 ,! phrase is us$ "h 9 a diff]5t s5se f t 9 :i* ! ma!matician uses x1 b oddly en\gh f\r-dim5sional geometry provides ! symbols by :i* "s ( ^! occult & my/ical ideas may be realiz$ by ! rational m9d4 ,"o ( ! mo/ engag+ & inspir+ ( ^! ideas is t ! p]sonal self is a projection on ! plane ( mat]iality ( a metaphysical self1 or s\l1 to :i* ! p]sonal self is relat$ z is ! %ad[ ( an object to ! object itself4 ,n[ ?is co9cides rem>kably ) ! idea implicit 9 all high]-space speculation1 t ! figures ( solid geometry are projections on a space ( ?ree dim5sions1 ( correspond+ f\r-dim5sional =ms4 ,all ornam5t is 9 its la/ analysis geometrical--sometimes directly s1 z 9 ! sy/em develop$ by ! ,moors4 ,w ! psy*ology ( ! new disp5sation f9d expression ?r\gh "s adaptation ( f\r-dim5sional geometry8 ,! idea is f> f absurd1 by reason ( ! decorative quality inh]5t 9 _m ( ! regul> hyp]solids ( f\r-dim5sional space :5 project$ ^u solid & plane space4 ,if ?is sugge/ion seems too fanciful1 !re is /ill rec\rse to ! law ( analogy 9 f9d+ ! ?+ we seek4 ,e fre% religi\s impulse has always develop$ a symbology ?r\gh :i* its tru?s are express$ & h&$ d[n4 ,^! symbols1 wov5 into ! v texture ( ! life ( ! p1 are embodi$ by !m 9 _! ornam5tal mode4 ,! sculpture ( a ,greek temple is a picture-book ( ,greek religion2 ! ornam5tation ( a ,go?ic ca!dral is a v]itable bible ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,almo/ all ( ! mo/ beautiful & endur+ ornam5ts h fir/ be5 sacr$ symbols2 ! swa/ika1 ! ,eye ( ,buddha1 ! ,%ield ( ,david1 ! :eel1 ! lotus1 & ! cross4 ,n[ t twilight ( ! _w foll[+ ! w> p]haps w witness an ,avat>a--! com+ ( a ,_w-,tea*] :o w rebuild on ! "o broad & anci5t f\ndation t temple ( ,tru? :i* ! folly & ignorance ( man is ev] te>+ d[n4 ,a mat]ial c\nt]p>t ( t temple w 9 t case aft]w>d arise4 ,?us w be born ! ar*itecture ( ! future2 & ! ornam5t ( t ar*itecture w tell1 9 a new set ( symbols1 ! /ory ( ! rejuv5ation ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is prevision+ ( ar*itecture aft] ! w>1 ! au?or mu/ n be und]/ood to mean t ^! ?+s w be realiz$ directly aft]4 ,ar*itecture1 f its v nature1 is ! mo/ sluggi% ( all ! arts to respond to ! natural magic ( ! quick-mov+ m9d--x is ,caliban1 n ,ariel4 ,foll[+ ! w> ! nation w be = a "t deplet$ ( man-p[]1 burd5$ ) debt1 pro/rate1 exhau/$4 ,b 9 t "t ( reckon+ w come reflection1 p5it5ce4 ,& ,i'll be wise h]eaft]1 ,& seek = grace4 ,:at a ?rice-d\ble ass ,0 ,i1 to take ?is drunk>d = a god1 ,& wor%ip ?is dull fool4 ,) "s su* epilogue ! curta9 w desc5d on ! great drama n[ approa*+ a close4 ,x w be = ! y\ng] g5]ations1 ! re9c>nate s\ls ( ^? :o fell 9 battle1 to inaugurate ! "w ( giv+ expression1 9 dea?less =ms ( art1 to ! vision ( t fair] _w glimps$ n[ only z by lightn+1 9 a dream4 ,illu/ration ,,essays ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,ma!matics ,i ,,! ,,_w ,,ord] ,no fact is bett] e/abli%$ ?an t we live 9 an ord]ly univ]se4 ,! tru? ( ?is ! _w-w> may = ! mom5t1 & to ! ne> & n>r[ view appe> to contradict1 b ! sweep ( human hi/ory1 & ! />s 9 _! c\rses1 %[ an ord]l9ess :i* _c be ga9said4 ,n[ ( t ord]1 numb]--t is1 ma!matics--is ! m ?an symbol1 x is ! v ?+ itself4 ,:5ce ?is welt]+ tide ( life arose1 & :i!r x fl[s1 we "k n2 b t x is gov]n$ by ma!matical law all ( our k 9 e field confirms4 ,7 x n s1 k itself w\ld be impossible4 ,x is because man is a c\nt+ animal t he is ma/] ov] all ! bea/s ( ! e>?4 ,numb] is ! tune to :i* all ?+s move1 & z x 7 make music2 x is 9 ! pulses ( ! blood no less ?an 9 ! />r$ curta9 ( ! sky4 ,x is a necess>y concomitant alike ( ! %>p b>ga91 ! *emical exp]im5t1 & ! f9e fr5zy ( ! poet4 ,music is numb] made audible2 ar*itecture is numb] made visible2 nature geometrizes n alone 9 h] cry/als1 b 9 h] mo/ intricate arabesques4 ,if numb] be inde$ ! univ]sal solv5t ( all =ms1 s\nds1 motions1 may we n make ( x ! basis ( a new /hetic--a loom on :i* to weave patt]ns ! l ( :i* ! _w has nev] se58 ,to attempt su* a ?+--to base art on ma!matics--argues 7"s "o is sure to say7 an entire misconception ( ! nature & function ( art4 ,art is a f\nta9 ( spontane\s emotion--:at1 !re=e1 c x h 9 common ) ! prov]bially drie/1 lea/ spontane\s preoccupation ( ! human m9d8 ,b ! above def9ition concludes ) ! ass]tion t ?is emotion rea*es ! s\l ?r\gh v>i\s *annels4 ,! transit c be effect$ only ?r\gh "s s5su\s elem5t1 "s language 79 ! l>ge/ s5se71 & into ?is ! elem5t ( numb] & =m mu/ inevitably ent]--ma!matics is !re & _c be ?\ght or argu$ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,imag9>y ,,composition3 ,,! ,,portal ,b to make ma!matics1 & n ! emotion :i* x expresses1 ! important ?+1 is n ?is to fall into ! "t-worn h]esy ( art = art's sake1 t is1 art = =m's sake--art = ! sake ( ma!matics8 ,to ?is objection !re is an answ]1 & z ?is answ] conta9s ! crux ( ! :ole matt]1 embraces ! proposition by :i* ?is !sis mu/ /& or fall1 x mu/ be full & cle>4 ,:at is x1 9 ! la/ analysis1 t all art :i* is n purely p]sonal & episodical /rives to express8 ,is x n ! _w-ord]8--! v ?+ t religion1 philosophy1 sci5ce1 /rive accord+ to _! diff]5t natures & me?ods to express8 ,! p]ception ( ! _w-ord] by ! arti/ ar\ses an emotion to :i* he c give v5t only 9 t]ms ( numb]2 b numb] is itself ! mo/ ab/ract expression ( ! _w ord]4 ,! =m & cont5t ( art are !re=e n diff]5t1 b ! same4 ,a deep s5se ( ?is probably inspir$ ,pat]'s fam\s say+ t all art aspires t[>d ! condition ( music2 = music1 f its v nature1 is ! _w-ord] utt]$ 9 t]ms ( numb]1 9 a s5se & to a degree n atta9$ by any o!r art4 ,?is is n m]e v]bal juggl+4 ,we h suff]$ s long f an art-phase :i* exalts ! p]sonal1 z oppos$ to ! cosmic1 t we h lo/ sight ( ! fact t ! great arts ( antiquity1 prec$+ ! ,r5aissance1 insi/$ on ! cosmic1 or imp]sonal aspect1 & on ?is alone1 j z does ,ori5tal art1 ev5 today4 ,! secret ess5ce1 ! ar*etypal idea ( ! subject is ! preoccupation ( ! ,ori5tal arti/1 z x 0 ( ! ,egyptian1 & ( ! ,greek4 ,we ( ! ,we/ today seek z eag]ly to fix ! accid5tal & ephem]al aspect--! %ad[ ( a p>ticul> cl\d ^u a p>ticul> l&scape2 ! smile on ! face ( a specific p]son1 9 a recognizable room1 at a p>ticul> mom5t ( "t4 ,( symbolic art1 ( univ]sal emotion express+ itself 9 t]ms :i* are univ]sal1 we h v little to %[4 ,! reason = ?is is fir/1 our love =1 & und]/&+ (1 ! concrete & p]sonal3 x is ! _w-aspect & n ! _w-ord] :i* int]e/s u2 & second1 ! inadequacies ( curr5t =ms ( art expression to r5d] our s5se ( ! et]nal secret he>t ( ?+s z x pres5ts itself to our "y eyes4 ,confront$ ) ?is difficulty1 we h %irk$ x1 & our ambition has %runk to ! portrayal ( ^? aspects :i* %uffle our pov]ty out ( sight4 ,x is n a pov]ty ( te*nique--we are dext]\s en\gh2 nor is x a pov]ty ( inv5tion--we are clev] en\gh2 x is ! pov]ty ( ! spiritual bankrupt try+ to div]t att5tion by a prodigal display ( ! smalle/ ( small *ange4 ,ref]5ce is made "h only to ! arts ( space2 ! arts ( "t--music1 poetry1 & ! 7writt57 drama--employ+ vehicles m flexible1 h be5 m =tunate1 ?\gh !y too suff] 9 "s degree f wor%ipp+1 in/ead ( ! god ( ord]1 ! god ( *ance4 ,! corrective ( ?is is a return to fir/ pr9ciples3 pr9ciples s fundam5tal t !y suff] no *ange1 h[ev] new & v>i\s _! illu/rations4 ,^! pr9ciples are embodi$ 9 numb]1 & "o might almo/ say n[h]e else 9 su* p]fection4 ,ma!matics is n ! dry & deadly ?+ t our tea*+ ( x & ! uses we put x to h made x seem4 ,ma!matics is ! h&writ+ on ! human consci\sness ( ! v ,_s ( ,life itself4 ,o!rs be=e ,py?agoras discov]$ ?is1 & x is ! discov]y :i* awaits u too4 ,to indicate ! way 9 :i* ma!matics might be made to yield ! elem5ts ( a new /hetic is beyond ! prov9ce ( ?is essay1 be+ beyond ! compass ( its au?or1 b he makes bold to take a s+le phase3 ornam5t1 & to deal ) x f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! ornam5t n[ 9 common use has be5 ga!r$ f ! du/-b9 ( ! ages4 ,:at ornam5tal motif ( any univ]sality1 wor?1 or importance is less ?an a hundr$ ye>s old8 ,we cont9ue to use ! honeysuckle1 ! acan?us1 ! fret1 ! egg & d>t1 n because !y are appropriate to any use we put !m to1 b because !y are beautiful p] se4 ,:y are !y beautiful8 ,x is n because !y are highly conv5tionaliz$ repres5tations ( natural =ms :i* are !mselves beautiful1 b because !y express cosmic tru?s4 ,! honeysuckle & ! acan?us leaf1 = example1 express ! idea ( successive impulses1 m\nt+1 atta9+ a maximum1 & desc5d+--exp&+ f "s focus ( =ce 9 ! mann] univ]sal ?r\gh\t nature4 ,sci5ce recognizes 9 ! spiral an ar*etypal =m1 :e!r f\nd 9 a :irlpool or 9 a nebula4 ,a fret is a s]ies ( highly conv5tionaliz$ spirals3 translate x f angul> to curv$ & we h ! wave-b&2 isolate x & we h ! volute4 ,egg & d>t are phallic emblems1 female & male2 or1 if y pref]1 z ellipse & /raight l9e1 !y are symbols ( f9ite exi/5ce contra/$ ) inf9ity4 ,figure #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a4 ,suppose t we det]m9e to dive/ ourselves ( ^! & o!r preci\s inh]itances1 n because !y h lo/ _! beauty & mean+1 b r on acc\nt ( _! manifold associations ) a pa/ :i* ! w> makes sudd5ly m remote ?an sl[ c5turies h done2 suppose t we det]m9e to supplant ^! symbols ) o!rs no less *>g$ ) beauty & mean+1 b m directly drawn f ! inexhau/ible well ( ma!matical tru?--h[ %all we set to "w8 ,we ne$ n set to "w1 because we h done t already1 we are always do+ x1 unkn[+ly1 & )\t kn[+ ! reason :y4 ,all ornam5tali/s are subjective ma!maticians--an amaz+ /atem5t1 p]haps1 b "o susceptible ( confirmation 9 c\ntless amus+ ways1 ( :i* two w be %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b4 ,consid] fir/ y\r cal5d>--y\r cal5d> ^: commonplace face1 hav+ yield$ y in=mation z to pay day1 due day1 & holiday1 y oblit]ate at ! end ( ea* mon? )\t a qualm1 oblivi\s to ! fact t 7 y\r int]e/s less sordid & p]sonal x w\ld speak to y ( t ord] :i* p]vades ! univ]se2 w\ld make y realize some?+ ( ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,= on t famili> *eck]bo>d ( ! days are num]ical arrangem5ts :i* are my/]i\s1 magical2 ea* sep>ate numb] is z a spid] at ! c5t] ( an amaz+ ma!matical web4 ,t is to say1 e numb] is discov]$ to be half ( ! sum ( ! pairs ( numb]s :i* surr\nd x1 v]tically1 horizontally1 & diagonally3 all ( ! pairs add to ! same sum1 & ! c5tral numb] divides ?is sum by two4 ,a graphic indication ( ?is fact on ! cal5d> face by means ( a sy/em ( int]sect+ l9es yields t =m ( classic grille de> to ! he>t ( e tyro draughtsman4 ,figure #b4 ,"h is an evid5t relation betwe5 ma!matical fact & ornam5tal mode1 :e!r ! result ( accid5t1 or by reason ( "s subconsci\s connection betwe5 ! creative & ! reason+ "p ( ! m9d4 ,to %[1 by means ( an example o!r ?an ?is acro/ic ( ! days1 h[ ! patt]n-mak+ in/9ct foll[s unconsci\sly 9 ! groove trac$ out = x by ma!matics1 ! att5tion ( ! read] is direct$ to ! design ( ! old ,colonial b$-spread %[n 9 ,figure #c4 ,adjac5t to ?is1 9 ! upp] "r h& corn]1 is a magic squ>e ( f\r4 ,t is1 all ( ! columns ( figures ( :i* x is compos$3 v]tical1 horizontal & diagonal add to ! same sum3 #cd4 ,an analysis ( ?is squ>e reveals ! fact t x is made up ( ! figures ( two diff]5t ord]s ( c\nt+3 ! ord9>y ord]1 beg9n+ at ! left h& upp] corn] & read+ across & d[n 9 ! usual way1 & ! rev]se-ord9>y1 beg9n+ at ! l[] "r h& corn] & read+ across & up4 ,! figures 9 ! f\r c5tral cells & 9 ! f\r outside corn] cells are discov]$ to belong 9 ! fir/ category1 & ! rema9+ figures 9 ! second4 ,n[ if ! ord9>y ord] cells be repres5t$ by :ite1 & ! rev]se ord9>y by black1 j su* a patt]n has be5 creat$ z =ms ! decorative motif ( ! quilt4 ,x may be claim$ t ^! two examples ( a relation betwe5 ornam5t & ma!matics are accid5tal & !re=e prove no?+1 b !y at lea/ furni% a clue :i* ! arti/ w\ld be fooli% n to foll[ up4 ,let him attack 8 problem ?is "t directly1 & see if numb] may n be made to yield ! ?+ he seeks3 namely1 space-rhy?ms :i* are beautiful & new4 ,we "k t !re is a beauty inh]5t 9 ord]1 t necessity ( "o sort or ano!r is ! p>5t ( beauty4 ,beauty 9 ar*itecture is l>gely ! result ( /ructural necessity2 beauty 9 ornam5t may spr+ f a necessity :i* is num]ical4 ,x is cle> t ! arrangem5t ( numb]s 9 a magic squ>e is necessit\s--!y mu/ be plac$ 9 a c]ta9 way 9 ord] t ! summation ( e column %all be ! same4 ,! problem !n becomes to make t necessity reveal itself to ! eye4 ,n[ mo/ magic squ>es conta9 a magic pa?1 discov]$ by foll[+ ! numb]s f cell to cell 9 _! natural ord]4 ,because ?is is a necessit\s l9e x %\ld n surprise u t x is frequ5tly beautiful z well4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c4 ,! left h& draw+ 9 ,figure #d repres5ts ! smalle/ aggregation ( numb]s t is capable ( magic squ>e arrangem5t4 ,ea* v]tical1 horizontal1 & corn] diagonal column adds up to #ae1 & ! sum ( any two opposite numb]s is #aj1 :i* is twice ! c5t] numb]4 ,! magic pa? is ! endless l9e develop$ by foll[+1 free h&1 ! numb]s 9 _! natural ord]1 f #a to #i & back to #a aga94 ,! draw+ at ! "r ( ,figure #d is ?is same l9e translat$ into ornam5t by mak+ an int]lace ( x1 & fill+ 9 ! l>g] int]/ices ) simple floral =ms4 ,?is has be5 execut$ 9 :ite pla/] & made to p]=m ! function ( a v5tilat+ grille4 ,n[ ! numb] ( magic squ>es is practically limitless1 & :ile all ( !m d n yield magic l9es ( ! beauty ( ?is "o1 "s conta9 ev5 ri*] decorative possibilities4 ,b !re are also o!r ways ( d]iv+ ornam5t f magic squ>es1 already h9t$ at 9 ! discussion ( ! ,colonial quilt4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e4 ,magic squ>es ( an ev5 numb] ( cells are f\nd sometimes to consi/ ( numb]s arrang$ n only 9 comb9ations ( ! ord9>y & ! rev]se ord9>y ord]s ( c\nt+1 b involv+ two o!rs z well3 ! rev]se ( ! ord9>y 7beg9n+ at ! upp] "r h&1 across1 & d[n7 & ! rev]s$ inv]se1 7beg9n+ at ! l[] left h&1 across1 & up74 ,if1 9 su* a magic squ>e1 a simple graphic symbol be sub/itut$ = ! numb]s belong+ to ea* ord]1 patt]n spontane\sly spr+s to life4 ,figures #e & #f exemplify ! me?od1 & ,figures #g & #h ! translation ( "s ( ^! squ>es into ri*] patt]ns by elaborat+ ! symbols :ile respect+ _! arrangem5t4 ,by only a slight /ret* ( ! imag9ation ! beautiful pi]c$ /one scre5 f ,rav5na %[n 9 ,figure #i might be conceiv$ ( z hav+ be5 develop$ accord+ to ?is me?od1 al?\gh ( c\rse x 0 n s 9 fact4 ,"s ( ! arrangem5ts %[n 9 ,figure #f are closely p>allel$ 9 ! ac\/ic figures made by means ( musical tones ) s&1 on a %eet ( metal or glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g4 ,! celebrat$ ,frankl9 squ>e ( #af cells c be made to yield a beautiful patt]n by designat+ "s ( ! l9es :i* give ! summation ( #bjef by diff]5t symbols1 z %[n 9 ,figure #aj4 ,a free translation ( ?is design into patt]n brickwork is indicat$ 9 ,figure #aa4 ,if ^! processes seem unduly involv$ & elaborate = ! a*ievem5t ( a simple result--l burn+ ! h\se d[n 9 ord] to get roa/ pig--!re are o!r m simple ways ( d]iv+ ornam5t f ma!matics1 = ! tru?s ( numb] f9d direct & p]fect expression 9 ! figures ( geometry4 ,! squ>+ ( a numb]--! rais+ ( x to its second p[]--f9ds graphic expression 9 ! plane figure ( ! squ>e2 & ! cub+ ( a numb]--! rais+ ( x to its ?ird p[]--9 ! solid figure ( ! cube4 ,n[ squ>es & cubes h be5 recogniz$ f "t immemorial z useful ornam5tal motifs4 ,o!r elem5t>y geometrical figures1 mak+ concrete to ! eye ! tru?s ( ab/ract numb]1 may be dealt ) by ! design] 9 su* a mann] z to produce ornam5t ! mo/ v>i$ & pr(use4 ,moori% ceil+s1 ,go?ic w9d[ trac]y1 ,groli] b9d+s1 all indicate ! ri*ness ( ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,imag9>y ,,composition4 ,,! ,,balcony ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i4 ,suppose1 = example1 t we attempt to deal decoratively :i* su* simple figures z ! ?ree l[e/ ,platonic solids--! tetrah$ron1 ! hexah$ron1 & ! octah$ron4 ,figure #ab4 ,_! projection on a plane yields a rhy?mical division ( space1 because ( _! inh]5t symmetry4 ,^! projections w\ld correspond to ! network ( l9es se5 9 look+ ?r\gh a glass pap]weight ( ! giv5 %ape1 ! l9es be+ =m$ by ! jo9+ ( ! sev]al faces4 ,figure #ac repres5ts ornam5tal b&s develop$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! dodecah$ron & icosah$ron1 hav+ m faces1 yield m intricate patt]ns1 & !re is no limit to ! v>iety ( int]e/+ designs obta9able by ^! direct & simple means4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj4 ,if ! au?or has be5 successful ?us f> 9 8 exposition1 x %\ld be suffici5tly pla9 t f ! inexhau/ible well ( ma!matics fre% beauty may be drawn4 ,b :at ( its significance8 ,ornam5t mu/ mean some?+2 x mu/ h "s relation to ! dom9ant ideation ( ! day2 x mu/ express ! psy*ological mood4 ,:at is ! psy*ological mood8 ,ours is an age ( transition2 we live 9 a *ang+ _w4 ,on ! "o h& we witness ! break+ up ( _m an old ?\ght cry/al1 on ! o!r we feel ! pressure ( ^? =ces :i* %all create ! new4 ,:at is nature's fir/ visible creative act8 ,! =mation ( a geometrical cry/al4 ,! arti/ %\ld take ?is h9t1 & organize geometry into a new ornam5tal mode2 by s do+ he w prove himself to be 9 relation to ! anima mundi4 ,x is only by ! e/abli%m5t ( su* a relation t new beauty comes to bir? 9 ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aa4 ,ornam5t 9 its primitive manife/ations is geometrical r ?an naturali/ic4 ,?is is 9 a mann] /range1 t ! ab/ract & metaphysical ?+ %\ld prec$e ! concrete & s5su\s4 ,x w\ld be natural to suppose t man w\ld fir/ imitate ! ?+s :i* surr\nd him1 b ! mo/ cursory acqua9tance ) primitive art %[s t he is mu* m apt to crudely geometrize4 ,n[ x is n necess>y to assume t we are to rev]t to ! conditions ( savag]y 9 ord] to believe t 9 ?is matt] ( a s\nd /hetic we mu/ beg9 :]e art has always begun--) numb] & geometry4 ,nev]!less !re is a subtly ironic view :i* "o is ju/ifi$ 9 hold+ 9 reg>d to q obvi\s aspects ( ,am]ican life1 9 ! light ( :i* t life appe>s to h r m 9 common ) savag]y ?an ) culture4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ac4 ,! subm]sion ( s*ol>%ip by a?letics 9 our colleges is a case 9 po9t1 ! conte/ ( muscles excit+ mu* m int]e/ & en?usiasm ?an any conte/ ( wits4 ,we p]si/ 9 ! savage habit ( dev\r+ ! corpses ( sla9 animals long aft] ! necessity = x is pa/1 & "s ev5 murd] innoc5t wild creatures1 giv+ to _! f]ocity ! "n ( sport4 ,our wom5 b$eck !mselves ) furs & fea!rs1 ! fruit ( m]c5>y & sy/ematic slaught]2 we p]=m orgia/ic dances to ! music ( horns & drums & cymbals--9 %ort1 we h ! savage psy*ology )\t its vital religi\s in/9ct & its sure decorative s5se = color & =m4 ,b ?is is ( c\rse true only ( ! surface & sunlit %ad[s ( ! great democratic tide4 ,its dep?s conceal e k9d ( subtlety & sophi/ication1 high endeav\r1 & a response to beauty & wisdom ( a sort f> remov$ f ! amoeba /age ( developm5t above sket*$4 ,( ?is latt] /age ! simple figures ( ,euclidian plane & solid geometry--figures :i* any *ild c und]/&--are ! appropriate symbols1 b = t o!r m develop$ /ate ( consci\sness--less app>5t b m important--^! w n d4 ,some?+ m sophi/icat$ & recondite mu/ be s\ght = if we are to h an ornam5tal mode capable ( express+ n only ! simplicity b ! complexity ( pres5t-day psy*ology4 ,?is ne$ n be s\ght = outside ! field ( geometry1 b )9 x1 & by an ext5sion ( ! me?ods already describ$4 ,!re is an altoge!r mod]n developm5t ( ! sci5ce ( ma!matics3 ! geometry ( f\r dim5sions4 ,?is repres5ts ! emancipation ( ! m9d f ! tyranny ( m]e appe>ances2 ! turn+ ( consci\sness 9 a new direction4 ,x has !re=e a high symbolical significance z typify+ t movem5t away f mat]ialism :i* is s m>k$ a ph5om5on ( ! times4 ,( c\rse to ^? ^: notion ( ! f\r? dim5sion is ak9 to t ( a fri5d ( ! au?or :o describ$ x z a wagon-load ( bung-holes1 ! idea ( gett+ f x any practical advantage _c seem any?+ b absurd4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t ?is =m ( words ! f\r? dim5sion :i* seems to produce a sort ( m5tal-phobia 9 c]ta9 m9ds1 r5d]+ !m incapable ( p]ception or reason4 ,su* p1 because !y _c /ick _! cane into x cont5d t ! f\r? dim5sion has no ma!matical or philosophical validity4 ,z ignorance on ?is subject is v g5]al1 ! foll[+ essay w be devot$ to a consid]ation ( ! f\r? dim5sion & its relation to a new ornam5tal mode4 ,illu/ration ,,ii ,,! ,,f\r? ,,dim5sion ,! subject ( ! f\r? dim5sion is n an easy "o to und]/&4 ,=tunately ! arti/ 9 design does n ne$ to p5etrate f> into ^! fasc9at+ halls ( ?\ght 9 ord] to reap ! advantage :i* he seeks4 ,nev]!less an int5tion ( m9d ^u ?is fairy-tale ( ma!matics _c fail to enl>ge 8 intellectual & spiritual horizons1 & develop 8 imag9ation--t f9e/ in/rum5t 9 all 8 *e/ ( tools4 ,by way ( introduction to ! subject ,pr(4 ,james ,byrnie ,%aw1 9 an article 9 ! ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 has ?is to say3 ,up to ! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation algebraic equations ( m ?an ! ?ird degree 7 fr[n$ ^u z hav+ no real mean+1 s9ce !re is no f\r? p[] or dim5sion4 ,b ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago ?is *im]a became an actual exi/5ce1 & today x is furni%+ a new _w to physics1 9 :i* me*anics may become geometry1 "t be co-ord9at$ ) space1 & e geometric !orem 9 ! _w is a physical !orem 9 ! exp]im5tal _w 9 /udy 9 ! laboratory4 ,/>tl+ inde$ x is to ! sci5ti/ to be told t an artificial dream-_w ( ! ma!matician is m real ?an t he sees ) 8 galvanomet]s1 ultra-microscopes1 & spectroscopes4 ,x matt]s little t he replies1 ,y\r f\r-dim5sional _w is only an analytic explanation ( my ph5om5a1 = ! fact rema9s a fact1 t 9 ! ma!matician's f\r-dim5sional space !re is a space n d]iv$ 9 any s5se ( ! t]m z a residue ( exp]i5ce1 h[ev] p[]ful a di/illation ( s5sations or p]ceptions be resort$ to1 = x is n conta9$ at all 9 ! fluid t exp]i5ce furni%es4 ,x is a product ( ! creative p[] ( ! ma!matical m9d1 & its objects are real 9 exactly ! same way t ! cube1 ! squ>e1 ! circle1 ! sph]e or ! /raight l9e4 ,we are enabl$ to see ) ! p5etrat+ vision ( ! ma!matical insight t no less real & no m real are ^! fanta/ic =ms ( ! _w ( relativity ?an ^? suppos$ to be uncreatable or inde/ructible 9 ! play ( ! =ces ( nature4 ,^! fanta/ic =ms alone ne$ conc]n ! arti/4 ,if by "s pot5t magic he c precipitate !m into ! _w ( s5su\s images s t !y make music to ! eye1 he ne$ n ev5 ent] into ! "q ( _! reality1 b 9 ord] to a*ieve ?is transmutation he %\ld "k some?+1 at lea/1 ( ! /range laws ( _! be+1 %\ld l5d e> to a fairy-tale 9 :i* ea* !orem is a p>adox1 & ea* p>adox a ma!matical fact4 ,he mu/ conceive ( a space ( f\r mutually indep5d5t directions2 a space1 t is1 hav+ a direction at "r angles to e direction t we "k4 ,we _c po9t to ?is1 we _c picture x1 b we c reason ab\t x ) a precision t is all b absolute4 ,9 su* a space x w\ld ( c\rse be possible to e/abli% f\r axial l9es1 all int]sect+ at a po9t1 & all mutually at "r angles ) "o ano!r4 ,e hyp]-solid ( f\r-dim5sional space has ^! f\r axes4 ,! regul> hyp]-solids 7analog\s to ! ,platonic solids ( ?ree-dim5sional space7 are ! fanta/ic =ms :i* w prove useful to ! arti/4 ,he %\ld le>n to lure !m =? along !m axis l9es4 ,t is1 let him build up 8 figures1 space by space1 develop+ !m f l[] spaces to high]4 ,b s9ce he _c ent] ! f\r? dim5sion1 & build !m !re1 nor ev5 ! ?ird--if he conf9es himself to a %eet ( pap]--he mu/ seek out "s =m ( repres5tation ( ! high] 9 ! l[]4 ,?is is a process ) :i* he is already acqua9t$1 = he employs x e "t he makes a p]spective draw+1 :i* is ! repres5tation ( a solid on a plane4 ,all t is requir$ is an ext5sion ( ! me?od3 a hyp]-solid c be repres5t$ 9 a figure ( ?ree dim5sions1 & ?is 9 turn c be project$ on a plane4 ,! a*iev$ result w con/itute a p]spective ( a p]spective--! repres5tation ( a repres5tation4 ,?is may s\nd obscure to ! un9itiat$1 & x is true t ! plane projection ( "s ( ! regul> hyp]-solids are /agg]+ly intricate affairs1 b ! au?or is s sure t ?is matt] lies s well )9 ! compass ( ! av]age non-ma!matical m9d t he is will+ to put 8 confid5ce to a practical te/4 ,x is propos$ to develop a repres5tation ( ! tess]act or hyp]-cube on ! pap] ( ?is page1 t is1 on a space ( two dim5sions4 ,let u />t z f> back z we c3 ) a po9t4 ,?is po9t1 a1 ,figure #ad is conceiv$ to move 9 a direction w1 develop+ ! l9e a b4 ,?is l9e next moves 9 a direction at "r angles to w1 namely1 x1 a di/ance equal to its l5g?1 =m+ ! squ>e a b c d4 ,n[ = ! squ>e to develop into a cube by a movem5t into ! ?ird dim5sion x w\ld h to move 9 a direction at "r angles to bo? w & x1 t is1 out ( ! plane ( ! pap]--away f x altoge!r1 ei!r up or d[n4 ,?is is n possible1 ( c\rse1 b ! ?ird direction c be repres5t$ on ! plane ( ! pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ad4 ,,two ,,projections ,,( ,,! ,,hyp]cube ,,or ,,tess]act1 ,,& ,,_! ,,translation ,,into ,,ornam5t4 ,let u repres5t x z diagonally d[nw>d t[>d ! "r1 namely1 y4 ,9 ! y direction1 !n1 & at a di/ance equal to ! l5g? ( "o ( ! sides ( ! squ>e1 ano!r squ>e is drawn1 a'b'c'd'1 repres5t+ ! orig9al squ>e at ! end ( its movem5t into ! ?ird dim5sion2 & because 9 t movem5t ! b\nd+ po9ts ( ! squ>e h trac$ out l9es 7edges71 x is necess>y to connect ! correspond+ corn]s ( ! two squ>es by means ( l9es4 ,?is completes ! figure & a*ieves ! repres5tation ( a cube on a plane by a p]fectly simple & famili> process4 ,its six faces are easily id5tifi$ by ! eye1 ?\gh only two ( !m appe> z squ>es ow+ to ! exig5cies ( repres5tation4 ,n[ = a leap into ! abyss1 :i* won't be s t]rify+1 s9ce x involves no *ange ( me?od4 ,! cube mu/ move into ! f\r? dim5sion1 develop+ !re a hyp]-cube4 ,?is is impossible1 = ! reason ! cube w\ld h to move out ( our space altoge!r--?ree-dim5sional space w n conta9 a hyp]-cube4 ,b nei!r is ! cube itself conta9$ )9 ! plane ( ! pap]2 x is only !re repres5t$4 ,! y direction _h to be imag9$ & !n arbitr>ily e/abli%$2 we c arbitr>ily e/abli% ! f\r? direction 9 ! same way4 ,z ?is is at "r angles to y1 its indication may be diagonally d[nw>d & to ! left--! direction z4 ,z y is kn[n to be at "r angles bo? to w & to x1 z is at "r angles to all ?ree1 & we h ?us e/abli%$ ! f\r mutually p]p5dicul> axes necess>y to complete ! figure4 ,! cube mu/ n[ move 9 ! z direction 7! f\r? dim5sion7 a di/ance equal to ! l5g? ( "o ( its sides4 ,j z we did previ\sly 9 ! case ( ! squ>e1 we draw ! cube 9 its new position 7,,abb',d',c',c7 & also z be=e we connect ea* apex ( ! fir/ cube ) ! correspond+ apex ( ! o!r1 because ea* ( ^! po9ts g5]ates a l9e 7an edge71 ea* l9e a plane1 & ea* plane a solid4 ,?is is ! tess]act or hyp]-cube 9 plane projection4 ,x has ! #af po9ts1 #cb l9es1 & #h cubes kn[n to compose ! figure4 ,^! cubes occur 9 pairs1 & may be readily id5tifi$4#a ,! tess]act z portray$ 9 ,a1 ,figure #ad1 is %[n accord+ to ! conv5tions ( oblique1 or two-po9t p]spective2 x c equally be repres5t$ 9 a mann] correspond5t to p>allel p]spective4 ,! p>allel p]spective ( a cube appe>s z a squ>e inside ano!r squ>e1 ) l9es connect+ ! f\r v]tices ( ! "o ) ^? ( ! o!r4 ,! ?ird dim5sion 7! "o beyond ! plane ( ! pap]7 is "h conceiv$ ( z be+ n beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ! fir/ squ>e1 b )9 !m4 ,we may ) equal propriety conceive ( ! f\r? dim5sion z a beyond :i* is )94 ,9 t case we w\ld h a r5d]+ ( ! tess]act z %[n 9 ,b1 ,figure #ad3 a cube )9 a cube1 ! space betwe5 ! two be+ occupi$ by six truncat$ pyramids1 ea* repres5t+ a cube4 ,! l>ge outside cube repres5ts ! orig9al g5]at+ cube at ! beg9n+ ( its motion into ! f\r? dim5sion1 & ! small inside cube repres5ts x at ! end ( t motion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,,imag9>y ,,composition3 ,,! ,,audi5ce ,,*amb] ,^! two projections ( ! tess]act ^u plane space are n ! only ones possible1 b !y are typical4 ,"s idea ( ! v>iety ( aspects may be ga9$ by imag9+ h[ a ne/ ( int]-relat$ cubes 7made ( wire1 s z to int]p5etrate71 comb9$ into a s+le symmetrical figure ( ?ree-dim5sional space1 w\ld appe> f sev]al diff]5t directions4 ,ea* view w\ld yield new space-subdivisions1 & all w\ld be rhy?mical--susceptible1 !re=e1 ( translation into ornam5t4 ,c & ,d repres5t su* translations ( ,a & ,b4 ,9 ord] to fix ^! unfamili> ideas m firmly 9 ! read]'s m9d1 let him submit himself to "o m ex]cise ( ! creative imag9ation1 & con/ruct1 by a slightly diff]5t me?od1 a repres5tation ( a hexadecah$roid1 or #af-;h$roid1 on a plane4 ,?is regul> solid ( f\r-dim5sional space consi/s ( sixte5 cells1 ea* a regul> tetrah$ron1 ?irty-two triangul> faces1 tw5ty-f\r edges & eight v]tices4 ,x is ! correlative ( ! octah$ron ( ?ree-dim5sional space4 ,fir/ x is necess>y to e/abli% our f\r axes1 all mutually at "r angles4 ,if we draw ?ree l9es int]sect+ at a po9t1 subt5d+ angles ( #fj degrees ea*1 x is n difficult to conceive ( ^! l9es z be+ at "r angles ) "o ano!r 9 ?ree-dim5sional space4 ,! f\r? axis we w assume to pass v]tically ?r\gh ! po9t ( int]section ( ! ?ree l9es1 s t we see x only 9 cross-section1 t is1 z a po9t4 ,x is important to rememb] t all ( ! angles made by ! f\r axes are "r angles--a ?+ possible only 9 a space ( f\r dim5sions4 ,because ! #af-;h$roid is a symmetrical hyp]-solid all ( its eight apexes w be equidi/ant f ! c5tre ( a conta9+ hyp]-sph]e1 ^: surface ^! w int]sect at symmetrically dispos$ po9ts4 ,^! apexes are e/abli%$ 9 our repres5tation by describ+ a circle--! plane projection ( ! hyp]-sph]e--ab\t ! c5tral po9t ( int]section ( ! axes4 7,figure #ae1 left47 ,:]e ea* ( ^! int]sects ! circle an apex ( ! #af-;h$roid w be e/abli%$4 ,f ea* apex x is n[ necess>y to draw /raight l9es to e o!r1 ea* l9e repres5t+ "o edge ( ! sixte5 tetrah$ral cells4 ,b because ! two ends ( ! f\r? axis are directly opposite "o ano!r1 & opposite ! po9t ( sight1 all ( ^! l9es fail to appe> 9 ! left h& diagram4 ,x !re=e becomes necess>y to tilt ! figure slightly1 br++ into view ! f\r? axis1 mu* =e%ort5$1 & ) x1 all ( ! l9es :i* make up ! figure4 ,! result is t projection ( ! #af-;h$roid %[n at ! "r ( ,figure #ae4b ,"h is no =tuit\s arrangem5t ( l9es & areas1 b ! %ad[ ca/ by an ar*etypal1 figure ( high] space ^u ! plane ( our mat]iality4 ,x is a wond]1 a my/]y1 /agg]+ to ! imag9ation1 contradictory to exp]i5ce1 b z well entitl$ to a place at ! high c\rt ( reason z are any ( ! m famili> figures ) :i* geometry deals4 ,translat$ into ornam5t x produces su* an all-ov] patt]n z is %[n 9 ,figure #af & ! design :i* adorns ! curta9s at "r & left ( pl4 ,,xiii4 ,!re are also o!r int]e/+ projections ( ! #af-;h$roid :i* ne$ n be gone into "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae4 ,,direct ,,view ,,axes ,,%[n ,,by ,,heavy ,,l9es ,,tilt$ ,,view ,,apexes ,,%[n ,,by ,,circles ,,! #af-;,,h$roid ,,9 ,,plane ,,projection ,= if ! au?or has be5 successful 9 8 exposition up to ?is po9t1 x %\ld be suffici5tly pla9 t ! geometry ( f\r-dim5sions is capable ( yield+ fre% & int]e/+ ornam5tal motifs4 ,9 c>ry+ 8 demon/ration f>!r1 & 9 multiply+ illu/rations1 he w\ld only be go+ ov] gr\nd already cov]$ 9 8 book ,projective ,ornam5t & 9 8 second ,scammon lecture4 ,( c\rse ?is elaborate me*anism = produc+ q obvi\s & ev5 ord9>y decorative motifs may appe> to "s read]s l ,goldb]g's nightm>e me*anics1 :]e9 ! mo/ absurd & intricate devices are made to accompli% ! mo/ simple ends4 ,! au?or is undi/urb$ by su* criticisms4 ,if ! designs dealt ) 9 ?is *apt] are obvi\s & ev5 ord9>y !y are s = ! reason t !y 7 *os5 less ) an eye to _! int]e/ & beauty ?an z l5d+ !mselves to developm5t & demon/ration by an ord]ly process :i* %\ld n put too great a tax ^u ! pati5ce & intellig5ce ( ! read]4 ,f\r-dim5sional geometry yields numb]less o!r patt]ns ^: beauty & int]e/ c\ld n possibly be impea*$--patt]ns beyond ! compass ( ! clev]e/ design] unacqua9t$ ) projective geometry4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #af4 ,! great ne$ ( ! ornam5tali/ is ?is or "s o!r solid f\ndation4 ,lack+ x1 he has be5 =c$ to build ei!r on ! %ift+ s&s ( 8 own fancy1 or on ! wrecks & s$im5t ( ! pa/4 ,geometry provides ?is sure f\ndation4 ,we may h to "w h>d & dig deep1 b ! results w be wor? ! ef=t1 = only on su* a f\ndation c arise a temple :i* is beautiful & /rong4 ,9 confirmation ( 8 g5]al cont5tion t ! basis ( all effective decoration is geometry & numb]1 ! au?or1 9 clos+1 desires to direct ! read]'s att5tion to ,figure #ag a slightly modifi$ r5d]+ ( ! fam\s zodiacal ceil+ ( ! ,temple ( ,d5d]ah1 9 ,egypt4 ,a sun & its corona h be5 sub/itut$ = ! zodiacal signs & symbols :i* fill ! c5tre ( ! orig9al1 = except to an ,egyptologi/ ^! are mean+less4 ,9 all ess5tials ! draw+ fai?fully foll[s ! orig9al--0 trac$1 inde$1 f a measur$ draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ag4 ,,ceil+ ,,decoration ,,f ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,d5d]ah ,"h is "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t decorative s*emes 9 ! :ole _w1 arrang$ ) a feel+ = balance & rhy?m exce$+ ! p[] ( ! mod]n arti/1 & execut$ ) a ma/]y beyond ! compass ( a mod]n craftsman4 ,! fact t fir/ =ces itself ^u ! behold] is t ! ?+ is s obvi\sly ma!matical 9 its rhy?ms1 t to r$uce x to t]ms ( geometry & numb] is a matt] ( small difficulty4 ,comp>e ! froz5 music ( ^! rhym$ & l9k$ figures ) ! h]d$1 confus$1 & clutt]$ compositions ( ev5 our be/ decorative arti/s1 & argum5t becomes unnecess>y--! fact /&s =? t we h lo/ some?+ preci\s & vital out ( art ( :i* ! anci5ts possess$ ! secret4 ,x is = ! re/oration ( ^! anci5t v]ities & ! discov]y ( new spatial rhy?ms--made possible by ! advance ( ma!matical sci5ce--t ! au?or pleads4 ,arti/s1 ar*itects1 design]s1 in/ead ( *ew+ ! cud ( curr5t fa%ion1 come into ^! pa/ures new6 ,illu/ration ,footnote #a3 ,! eight cubes 9 ,a1 ,figure #ad1 are z foll[s3 abb'd'c'c2 ,,abb',d',c',c2 abd,d,c,a2 a'b'd',d',c',a'2 abb',b',a',a2 cdd',d',c',c2 bb'd',d',,db2 aa'c',c',,ca4 ,footnote #b3 ,! sixte5 cells ( ! hexadehah$roid are z foll[s3 ,,abcd3 ,a',b',c',d'3 ,,ab',c',d'3 ,a',,bcd3 ,,ab',,cd3 ,a',,bc',d3 ,,abc',d3 ,a',b',,cd'3 ,,abcd'3 ,a',b',c',d3 ,,abc',d'3 ,a',b',,cd3 ,a',,bc',d3 ,,ab',,cd'3 ,a',,bcd'3 ,,ab',c',d4 ,,h>ness+ ,,! ,,ra9b[ ,ref]5ce 0 made 9 an antec$5t essay to an art ( light--( mobile color--an ab/ract language ( ?\ght & emotion :i* %\ld speak to consci\sness ?r\gh ! eye1 z music speaks ?r\gh ! e>4 ,?is is an art unborn1 ?\gh quick5+ 9 ! womb ( ! future4 ,! ?+s t reflect light h be5 organiz$ /hetically into ! arts ( ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 & sculpture1 b light itself has nev] be5 ?us organiz$4 ,& yet ! sci5tific developm5t & control ( light has rea*$ a /age :i* makes ?is new art possible4 ,x awaits only ! adv5t ( ! creative arti/4 ,! manipulation ( light is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ! illum9at+ eng9e]s & its exploitation 79 o!r ?an necess>y ways7 9 ! h&s ( ! adv]tis]s4 ,"s results ( _! collaboration are se5 9 ! sky signs ( upp] ,broadway1 9 ,new ,york1 & ( ! lake front1 9 ,*icago4 ,a c>nival ( cont5d+ vulg>ities1 %[+ no arti/ry o!r ?an ! mo/ pu]ile1 ^! displays nev]!less yield an effect ( amaz+ beauty4 ,?is is on acc\nt ( an occult prop]ty inh]5t 9 ! nature ( light--x _c be vulg>iz$4 ,if ! manipulation ( light 7 deliv]$ into ! h&s ( ! arti/1 & d$icat$ to noble ends1 x is impossible to ov]e/imate ! augm5tation ( beauty t w\ld ensue4 ,= light is a f> m pot5t m$ium ?an s\nd4 ,! sph]e ( s\nd is ! e>?-sph]e2 ! little limits ( our atmosph]e m>k ! utt]mo/ b\nd>ies to :i* s\nd1 ev5 ! mo/ /rid5t c possibly prevail4 ,b ! m$ium ( light is ! e!r1 :i* l9ks u ) ! mo/ di/ant />s4 ,may n ?is s]ve z a symbol ( ! pot5cy ( light to u%] ! human _s into realms ( be+ at ! doors ( :i* music itself %all beat 9 va98 ,or if we comp>e ! univ]se accessible to sight ) t accessible to s\nd--! plight ( ! bl9d 9 contra/ to t ( ! deaf--!re is ! same discrepancy2 ! field ( ! eye is imm5sely ri*]1 m v>i\s & m int]e/+ ?an t ( ! e>4 ,! difficulty appe>s to consi/ 9 ! inf]ior impressionability ( ! eye to its p>ticul> ord] ( beauty4 ,to ! av]age man color--z color--has no?+ significant to say3 to him grass is gre51 sn[ is :ite1 ! sky blue2 & to h 8 att5tion drawn to ! fact t sometimes grass is yell[1 sn[ blue1 & ! sky gre51 is disconc]t+ r ?an illum9at+4 ,x is only :5 8 ret9a is assault$ by "s spl5did sunset or sky-encircl+ ra9b[ t he is able to disassociate ! idea ( color f t ( =m & sub/ance4 ,ev5 ! arti/ is at a disadvantage 9 ?is respect1 :5 comp>$ ) ! musician4 ,no?+ 9 color k & analysis analog\s to ! e/abli%$ laws ( musical h>mony is "p ( ! equipm5t ( ! av]age arti/2 he plays1 z x 71 by e>4 ,! sci5ti/1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh he may "k ! spectrum f end to end1 & its innum]able modifications1 values ?is ra9b[ promise ( ! ,"l n = its own beautiful sake b z a means to o!r ends ?an ^? ( beauty4 ,b j z ! art ( music has develop$ ! e> into a f9e & s5sitive in/rum5t ( appreciation1 s an analog\s art ( light w\ld educate ! eye to nuances ( color to :i* x is n[ bl9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,,song ,,& ,,light3 ,,an ,,approa* ,,t[>d ,,color ,,music ,x is int]e/+ to speculate z to ! p>ticul> =m 9 :i* ?is new art w manife/ itself4 ,! "q is p]haps already answ]$ 9 ! color organ1 ! e>lie/ ( :i* 0 ,bambridge ,bi%op's1 exhibit$ at ! old ,b>num's ,museum--be=e ! days ( electric light--& ! late/ ,a4,w4 ,rim+ton's4 ,bo? ( ^! in/rum5ts 7 built ^u a suppos$ correspond5ce betwe5 a giv5 scale ( colors1 & ! musical *romatic scale2 !y 7 play$ f a musical score ^u an organ keybo>d4 ,?is is suffici5tly easy & suffici5tly obvi\s1 & has be5 done1 ) v>y+ success 9 "o way or ano!r1 "t & aga91 b its v ease & obvi\sness %\ld give u pause4 ,x may well be que/ion$ :e!r any arbitr>y & lit]al translation1 ev5 ?\gh practicable1 ( a highly complex1 int5sely mobile art1 unfold+ 9 "t1 z does music1 into a correspond5t light & color expression1 is ! be/ approa* to a new art ( mobile color4 ,!re is a deep & abid+ conviction1 ju/ifi$ by ! hi/ory ( /hetics1 t ea* art-=m mu/ progress f its own beg9n+s & unfold 9 its own unique & *>act]i/ic way4 ,correspond5ces betwe5 ! arts--su* a correspond5ce1 = example1 z inspir$ ! fam\s say+ t ar*itecture is froz5 music--reveal !mselves usually only aft] ! si/] arts h atta9$ an indep5d5t maturity4 ,!y owe _! orig9 to t und]ly+ unity ^u :i* our v>i\s modes ( s5su\s p]ception act z a refract+ m$ium1 & mu/ !re=e be tak5 = grant$4 ,ea* art1 l ea* individual1 is unique & s+ul>2 9 ?is s+ul>ity dwells its mo/ ?rill+ appeal4 ,we are likely to miss light's cr[n+ glory1 & ! ra9b['s mo/ mov+ message to ! s\l if we preoccupy ourselves too exclusively ) ! id5tities exi/+ betwe5 music & color2 x is r _! po9ts ( diff]5ce :i* %\ld fir/ be dwelt ^u4 ,let u accord+ly consid] ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ces betwe5 ! two s5se-categories to :i* s\nd & light--music & color--respectively belong4 ,?is resolves itself into a comp>ison betwe5 "t & space4 ,! *>act]i/ic ?+ ab\t "t is succession--h5ce ! v idea ( music1 :i* is 9 "t1 involves p]petual *ange4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( space1 on ! o!r h&1 is simultane\sness--9 space alone p]petual immobility w\ld reign4 ,t is :y ar*itecture1 :i* is pre-em95tly ! art ( space1 is ( all ! arts ! mo/ /atic4 ,light & color are ess5tially ( space1 & !re=e an art ( mobile col\r %\ld nev] lack a c]ta9 s]5ity & repose4 ,a tune play$ on a color organ is only di/ress+4 ,if !re is a workable correspond5ce betwe5 ! musical art & an art ( mobile color1 x w be f\nd 9 ! doma9 ( h>mony :i* involves ! idea ( simultaneity1 r ?an 9 melody1 :i* is pure succession4 ,?is fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 "t & space _c be ov]-emphasiz$4 ,a musical note prolong$1 becomes at la/ sc>cely tol]able2 :ile a beautiful color1 l ! blue ( ! sky1 we c enjoy all day & e day4 ,! *ang+ hues ( a sunset1 are &ante if ref]r$ to a musical /&>d1 b to ! eye !y are allegretto--we w\ld h !m pass less swiftly ?an !y d4 ,! w9k+1 *as+1 *ang+ lights ( illum9at$ sky-signs are only annoy+1 & = ! same reason4 ,! eye longs = repose 9 "s s]5e radiance or /ately sequ5ce1 :ile ! e> delights 9 contra/ & cont9ual *ange4 ,x may be t z ! eye becomes m educat$ x w dem& m movem5t & complexity1 b a c]ta9 /illness & s]5ity are ( ! v nature ( light1 z movem5t & passion are ( ! v nature ( s\nd4 ,music is a seek+--love 9 se>* ( a ^w2 light is a f9d+--a div9e cov5ant4 ,) att5tion /ill focuss$ on ! diff]5ces r ?an ! simil>ities betwe5 ! musical art & a new art ( mobile color1 we come next to ! consid]ation ( ! matt] ( =m4 ,n[ =m is ess5tially ( space3 we speak ab\t ! =m ( a musical composition1 b x is 9 a m or less figurative & metaphysical s5se1 n z a ?+ concrete & palpable1 l ! =ms ( space4 ,x w\ld be fooli% to =ego ! advantage ( l9k+ up =m ) col\r1 z !re is opportunity to d4 ,"h is ano!r gold5 ball to juggle )1 "o :i* no art purely 9 "t af=ds4 ,( c\rse x is kn[n t musical s\nds weave invisible patt]ns 9 ! air1 & to r5d] ^! patt]ns p]ceptible to ! eye may be "o ( ! m remote & recondite a*ievem5ts ( our uncreat$ art4 ,meantime1 ?\gh we h ! :ole treasury ( natural =ms to draw f1 ( ^! we c only prop]ly employ su* z are ab/ract4 ,! reason = ?is is cle> to any "o :o conceives ( an art ( mobile color1 n z a mov+ picture %[--a ?+ ( quick-pass+ concrete images1 to %ock1 to />tle1 or to *>m--b z a ri* & v>i\s language 9 :i* light1 prov]bially ! symbol ( ! _s1 is made to speak1 ?r\gh ! s5ses1 "s heal+ message to ! s\l4 ,= su* a consummation1 dev\tly to be wi%$1 natural =ms--=ms ab\nd+ 9 e k9d ( association ) t _w ( mat]iality f :i* we w\ld escape--are out ( place2 rec\rse mu/ be _h r to ab/ract =ms1 t is1 geometrical figures4 ,& because ! m remote ^! are f ! ?+s ( s5se1 f k & exp]i5ce1 ! project$ figures ( f\r-dim5sional geometry w\ld l5d !mselves to ^! uses ) an especial grace4 ,color )\t =m is z a s\l )\t a body2 yet ! body ( light mu/ be )\t any ta9t ( mat]iality4 ,f\r-dim5sional =ms are z immat]ial z any?+ t c\ld be imag9$ & !y c\ld be made to s]ve ! useful purpose ( sep>at+ colors "o f ano!r1 z lead l9es d 9 old ca!dral w9d[s1 ?an :i* no?+ m beautiful has ev] be5 devis$4 ,com+ n[ to ! consid]ation1 n ( diff]5ces1 b simil>ities1 x is cle> t a correspond5ce c be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! colors ( ! spectrum & ! notes ( a musical scale4 ,t is1 ! spectrum1 consid]$ z ! analogue ( a musical octave c be subdivid$ into twelve colors :i* may be repres5tative ( ! musical *romatic scale ( twelve semi-tones3 ! v ^w1 *romatic1 be+ sugge/ive ( su* a correspond5ce betwe5 s\nd & light4 ,! r$ end ( ! spectrum w\ld naturally relate to ! l[ notes ( ! musical scale1 & ! violet end to ! high1 by reason ( ! relative rapidity ( vibration 9 ea* case2 = ! octave ( a musical note sets ! air vibrat+ twice z rapidly z does ! note itself1 & r\ghly speak+1 ! same is true ( ! end colors ( ! spectrum ) relation to ! e!r4 ,b assum+ t a color scale c be e/abli%$ :i* w\ld yield a color correlative to any musical note or *ord1 !re /ill rema9s ! matt] ( values to be dealt )4 ,9 ! musical scale !re is a practical equality ( values3 "o note is z pot5t z ano!r4 ,9 a color scale1 on ! o!r h&1 ea* note 7tak5 at its greate/ int5sity7 has a positive value ( its own1 & !y are all diff]5t4 ,^! values h no musical correlatives1 !y belong to color p] se4 ,e colori/ kn[s t ! :ole secret ( beauty & brilliance dwells 9 a prop] und]/&+ & adju/m5t ( values1 & music is p[]less to help him "h4 ,let u !re=e def] ! discussion ( ?is musical p>allel1 :i* is full ( pitfalls1 until we h made "s exam9ation into su* simple emotional reactions z color c be discov]$ to yield4 ,! musical art began f ! emotional response to c]ta9 simple tones & comb9ations1 & ! delight ( ! e> 9 _! repetition & v>iation4 ,on acc\nt ( our undevelop$ s5sitivity1 ! emotional reactions to color are f\nd to be l>gely p]sonal & :imsical3 "o p]son loves p9k1 ano!r purple1 or gre54 ,color !rapeutics is too new a ?+ to be reli$ ^u = data1 = ev5 ?\gh colors are susceptible ( classification z s$ative1 recup]ative & /imulat+1 no two classifications arriv$ at indep5d5tly w\ld be likely to correspond4 ,mo/ p appe> to pref] bright1 pure colors :5 pres5t$ to !m 9 small areas1 r$ & blue be+ ! fav\rites4 ,c]ta9 data h be5 accumulat$ reg>d+ ! physiological effect & psy*ological value ( diff]5t colors1 b ?is ord] ( rese>* is 9 its infancy1 & we %all h rec\rse1 !re=e1 to !ory1 9 ! abs5ce ( any saf] guide4 ,"o ( ! !ories :i* may be said to h ju/ifi$ itself 9 practice 9 a diff]5t field is t ^u :i* is bas$ ,dels>te's fam\s art ( expression4 ,x has s*ool$ "s ( ! f9e/ actors 9 ! _w1 & rais$ o!rs f m$iocrity to di/9ction4 ,! ,dels>te sy/em is f\nd$ ^u ! idea t man is a triplicity ( physical1 emotional1 & intellectual qualities or attributes1 & t ! entire body & e "p !re( con=ms to1 & expresses ?is triplicity4 ,! g5]ative & dige/ive region corresponds ) ! physical nature1 ! brea/ ) ! emotional1 & ! head ) ! intellectual2 bel[ repres5ts ! nadir ( ignorance & dejection1 above ! z5i? ( wisdom & spiritual p[]4 ,?is seems a natural1 & n an arbitr>y classification1 hav+ int]e/+ confirmations & correspond5cies1 bo? 9 ! out] _w ( =m1 & 9 ! inn] _w ( consci\sness4 ,moreov]1 x is 9 accord ) t !osophic s*eme d]iv$ f ! anci5t & augu/ wisdom ( ! ,ea/1 :i* long] & bett] ?an any o!r has )/ood ! oblit]at+ action ( sl[ "t1 & is ev5 n[ r5asc5t4 ,let u !re=e attempt to classify ! colors ( ! spectrum accord+ to ?is !ory1 & discov] if we c h[ ne>ly su* a classification is con=mable to reason & exp]i5ce4 ,! r$ end ( ! spectrum1 be+ l[e/ 9 vibratory rate1 w\ld correspond to ! physical nature1 prov]bially m sluggi% ?an ! emotional & m5tal4 ,! phrase l a r$ rag to a bull1 sugge/s a relation betwe5 ! color r$ & ! animal consci\sness e/abli%$ by obs]vation4 ,! l[-br[ is ! de> lov] ( ! r$ necktie2 ! high-br[ is he :o sees violet %ad[s on ! sn[4 ,we see r$ :5 we are dom9at$ by ignoble passion4 ,?\gh ! color gre5 is associat$ ) ! idea ( jeal\sy1 x is associat$ also ) ! idea ( sympa?y1 & jeal\sy 9 ! la/ analysis is ! fe> ( ! loss ( sympa?y2 x belongs1 at all ev5ts to ! m$iant1 or emotional gr\p ( colors2 :ile blue & violet are prov]bially intellectual & spiritual colors1 & _! place 9 ! spectrum !re=e con=ms to ! dem&s ( our !oretical division4 ,"h1 !n1 is some?+ reasonably c]ta91 c]ta9ly reasonable1 & may s]ve z an hypo!sis to be confirm$ or confut$ by subsequ5t rese>*4 ,com+ n[ f9ally to ! consid]ation ( ! musical p>allel1 let u divide a color scale ( twelve /eps or semi-tones into ?ree gr\ps2 ea* gr\p1 graphically portray$1 subt5d+ "o-?ird ( ! arc ( a circle4 ,! fir/ or r$ gr\p w be relat$ to ! physical nature1 & w consi/ ( purple-r$1 r$1 r$-orange1 & orange4 ,! second1 or gre5 gr\p w be relat$ to ! emotional nature1 & w consi/ ( yell[1 yell[-gre51 gre51 & gre5-blue4 ,! ?ird1 or blue gr\p w be relat$ to ! intellectual & spiritual nature1 & w consi/ ( blue1 blue-violet1 violet & purple4 ,! m]g+ ( purple into purple-r$ w !n correspond to ! meet+ place ( ! highe/ ) ! l[e/1 _s & matt]4 ,we conceive ( ?is meet+-place symbolically z ! he>t--! vital c5tre4 ,n[ sangu9e is ! appropriate "n associat$ ) ! color ( ! blood--a color betwe5 purple & purple-r$4 ,x is logical1 !re=e1 to reg>d ?is po9t 9 our color-scale z its tonic--middle ,c--?\gh ea* color1 j z 9 music ea* note1 is itself ! tonic ( a scale ( its own4 ,mr4 ,l\is ,wilson--! au?or ( ! above oph?almic color scale makes ! same affiliation betwe5 sangu9e1 or blood color1 & middle ,c1 l$ !reto by sci5tific reasons entirely unassociat$ ) symbolism4 ,he has omitt$ orange-yell[ & violet-purple2 ?is makes ! scale con=m m exactly ) ! diatonic scale ( two tetra-*ords2 x also gives a great] range ( purples1 a color indisp5sable to ! arti/4 ,moreov]1 9 ! scale z x /&s1 ea* color is exactly opposite its true spectral complem5t>y4 ,! color scale be+ ?us e/abli%$ & broadly divid$1 ! next /ep is to f9d h[ well x ju/ifies itself 9 practice4 ,! mo/ direct way w\ld be to translate ! musical *ords recogniz$ & dealt ) 9 ! sci5ce ( h>mony into _! correspond+ color comb9ations4 ,= ! b5efit ( su* read]s z h no k ( musical h>mony x %\ld be said t ! entire sci5ce ( h>mony is bas$ ^u ! triad1 or *ord ( ?ree notes1 & t !re are v>i\s k9ds ( triads3 ! major1 ! m9or1 ! augm5t$1 ! dim9i%$1 & ! alt]$4 ,! major triad consi/s ( ! fir/ note ( ! diatonic scale1 or tonic2 its ?ird1 & its fif?4 ,! m9or triad diff]s f ! major only 9 t ! second memb] is l[]$ a semi-tone4 ,! augm5t$ triad diff]s f ! major only 9 t ! ?ird memb] is rais$ a semi-tone4 ,! dim9i%$ triad diff]s f ! m9or only 9 t ! ?ird memb] is l[]$ a semi-tone4 ,! alt]$ triad is a *ord diff]5t by a semi-tone f any ( ! above4 ,! major triad 9 color is =m$ by tak+ any "o ( ! twelve color-c5t]s ( ! oph?almic color scale z ! fir/ memb] ( ! triad2 &1 read+ up ! scale1 ! fif? /ep 7ea* /ep repres5t+ a semi-tone7 det]m9es ! second memb]1 :ile ! ?ird memb] is f\nd 9 ! eigh? /ep4 ,! m9or triad 9 color is =m$ by l[]+ ! second memb] ( ! major triad "o /ep2 ! augm5t$ triad by rais+ ! ?ird memb] ( ! major triad "o /ep1 & ! dim9i%$ triad by l[]+ ! ?ird memb] ( ! m9or triad "o /ep4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ah4 ,,major ,,triad1 ,,m9or ,,triad1 ,,augm5t$ ,,triad1 ,,dim9i%$ ,,triad ,^! v>i\s triads are %[n graphically 9 ,figure #ah z triangles )9 a circle divid$ into twelve equal p>ts1 ea* "p repres5t+ a semi-tone ( ! *romatic scale4 ,x is se5 at a glance t 9 e case ea* triad has "o ( its notes 7an apex7 9 or imm$iately adjac5t to a diff]5t "o ( ! gr& divisions ( ! col\r scale h]e9be=e e/abli%$ & describ$1 & t ! same ?+ w\ld be true 9 any key3 t is1 by any v>iation ( ! po9t ( dep>ture4 ,?is c]ta9ly satisfies ! m9d 9 t x sugge/s v>iety 9 unity1 balance1 complet5ess1 & 9 ! actual portrayal1 9 color1 ( ^! *ords 9 any key ?is judgm5t is confirm$ by ! eye1 provid$ t ! colors h be5 ?r[n into prop] h>monic suppression4 ,by ?is is meant su* an adju/m5t ( relative values1 or su* an e/abli%m5t ( relative proportions z w produce ! maximum ( beauty ( :i* any giv5 comb9ation is capable4 ,?is matt] imp]atively dem&s an /hetic s5se ! mo/ s5sitive4 ,s ?is musical p>allel1 int]e/+ & reasonable z x is1 w n c>ry ! color h>moni/ v f>1 & if foll[$ too lit]ally x is ev5 likely to hamp] him 9 ! high] rea*es ( 8 art1 = "s ( ! musical dissonances are ( great beauty 9 color translation4 ,all t c safely be said 9 reg>d to ! musical p>allel 9 its pres5t /age ( developm5t is t x simplifies & sy/ematizes color k & exp]im5t & to a beg9n] x is highly educational4 ,if we are to h color symphonies1 ! be/ are n likely to be ^? bas$ on a lit]al translation ( "s musical ma/]piece into color accord+ to ?is or any !ory1 b ^? creat$ by p]sons :o are emotionally reactive to ?is m$ium1 able to imag9e 9 color1 & to treat x imag9atively4 ,! mo/ beautiful mobile color effects yet witness$ by ! au?or 7 produc$ on a field only five in*es squ>e1 by an em95t pa9t] q ignorant ( music2 :ile "s ( ! mo/ unimpressive h be5 ! result ( a rigid adh]5ce to ! musical p>allel by p]sons int5t on cutt+1 ) ?is sword1 ?is ,gordian knot4 ,into ! subject ( means & me?ods x is n propos$ to ent]1 nor to attempt to answ] su* que/ions z to :e!r ! light %all be direct or project$2 :e!r ! spectator1 wrapp$ 9 d>kness1 %all wat* ! music unfold at ! end ( "s my/]i\s vi/a1 or :e!r 8 :ole organism %all be play$ ^u by p[]ful waves ( multi-col\r$ light4 ,^! c\pl$ alt]natives are n mutually exclusive1 any m ?an ! idea ( an or*e/ra is exclusive ( t ( a s+le human voice4 ,9 imag9+ an art ( mobile color uncondition$ by consid]ations ( me*anical difficulty or ( exp5se1 ideas multiply 9 truly bewild]+ pr(usion4 ,sunsets1 sol> coronas1 /> spectra1 auroras su* z 7 nev] se5 on sea or l&2 ra9b[s1 bubbles1 rippl+ wat]2 flam+ volcanoes1 lava /reams ( liv+ light--^! & a hundr$ o!r en?rall+ & p]fectly realizable effects sugge/ !mselves4 ,:at ,israfil ( ! future w p\r on mortals ?is new music ( ! sph]es8 ,,l\is ,,sullivan ,,prophet ,,( ,,democracy ,due tribute has be5 paid to ,mr4 ,l\is ,sullivan z an ar*itect 9 ! fir/ essay ( ?is volume4 ,t aspect ( 8 g5ius has be5 critically dealt ) by _m1 b z an au?or he is sc>cely kn[n4 ,yet !re are ,sibyll9e leaves ( 81 /ill let u hope 9 circulation1 :i* h wield$ a pot5t influ5ce on ! m9ds ( a g5]ation ( m5 n[ pass+ to maturity4 ,x is 9 ! hope t 8 message may n be lo/ to ! y\? ( today & ( tomorr[ t ! pres5t au?or n[ und]takes to summ>ize & int]pret t message to a public to :i* ,mr4 ,sullivan is inde$ a "n1 b n a voice4 ,t he is n a voice c be attribut$ nei!r to 8 lack ( eloqu5ce--= he is eloqu5t--nor to ! indiff]5ce ( ! y\ng] g5]ation ( ar*itects :i* has gr[n up s9ce he has ceas$1 9 any public way1 to speak4 ,x is due r to a curi\s fatality :]eby 8 memorabilia h be5 conf9$ to %eets :i* ! w9ds ( "t h scatt]$--pamphlets1 ephem]al magaz9es1 trade j\rnals--nev] ! b\nd volume :i* alone gu>ds ! sacr$ flame f ! gu/s ( evil *ance4 ,& ,mr4 ,sullivan's is a sacr$ flame1 because x 0 k9dl$ solely ) ! idea ( s]vice--a beacon to keep "y m5 f %ipwreck trav]s+ ^? /raits made dang]\s by ! ,scylla ( ,conv5tionality1 & ! ,*>ybdis ( ,lic5se4 ,! lab\r 8 writ+ co/ him 0 enorm\s4 ,i %all nev] aga9 make s great a sacrifice = ! y\ng] g5]ation1 he says 9 a lett]1 ,i am amaz$ to note h[ insignificant1 h[ almo/ nil is ! effect produc$1 9 comp>ison to ! co/1 9 vitality to me4 ,or p]haps x is ,i :o am 9 error4 ,p]haps "o mu/ h rea*$ middle age1 or ! ,indian ,summ] ( life1 mu/ h se5 mu*1 he>d mu*1 felt & produc$ mu* & be5 mu* 9 solitude to receive 9 read+ :at ,i gave 9 writ+ ') h&s ov]full4' ,?is 0 writt5 ) ref]5ce to ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats4 ,a sket* ,analysis ( ,contemporane\s ,am]ican ,ar*itecture1 :i* con/itutes ,mr4 ,sullivan's mo/ ext5d$ & *>act]i/ic prea*m5t to ! "y m5 ( 8 day4 ,x appe>$ 9 #aija1 9 fifty-two consecutive numb]s ( ,! ,int]/ate ,ar*itect & ,build]1 a magaz9e n[ no long] publi%$4 ,9 x ! au?or1 z m5tor1 leads an imag9>y disciple up & d[n ! l&1 po9t+ out to him ! bold1 uphol/]rific blund]s to be f\nd 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! day1 & comm5t+ on !m 9 a cau/ic1 colloquial /yle--l>ge1 loose1 discursive--a bl5d ( ,rusk91 ,c>lyle & ,:itman1 yet all ,mr4 ,sullivan's own4 ,he desc5ds1 at times1 almo/ to ribaldry1 at o!rs he rises to poetic & prophetic heights4 ,?is is all a "p ( 8 me?od alt]nately to %ame & inspire 8 pupil to "s sort ( creative activity4 ,! syllabus ( ,mr4 ,sullivan's s*eme1 z x exi/$ 9 8 m9d dur+ ! writ+ ( ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats1 & outl9$ by him 9 a lett] to ! au?or is su* a tor* ( illum9ation t x is quot$ "h entire4 ,a "y man :o has f9i%$ 8 education at ! ar*itectural s*ools comes to me = a po/-graduate c\rse--h5ce a free =m ( dialogue4 ,i proce$ ) 8 education r by indirection & sugge/ion ?an by direct precept4 ,i subject him to c]ta9 exp]i5ces & all[ ! impressions !y make on him to infiltrate1 &1 z ,i note ! effect1 ,i gradually use a guid+ h&4 ,i supply ! yea/1 s to speak1 & all[ ! f]m5t to "w 9 him4 ,?is is ! gi/ ( ! :ole s*eme4 ,x rema9s !n to det]m9e1 c>efully1 ! k9d ( exp]i5ces to :i* ,i %all subject ! lad1 & 9 :at ord]1 or logical 7& especially psy*ological7 sequ5ce4 ,i beg91 !n1 ) aspects t are lit]al1 objective1 m or less cynical1 & brutal1 & phili/9e4 ,a little at a "t ,i introduce ! subjective1 ! ref9$1 ! altrui/ic2 &1 by a to-&-fro increas+ly int5se rhy?m ( ^! two oppos+ !mes1 work$ s to speak 9 c\nt]po9t1 ,i rea* a prelim9>y climax3 ( brutality temp]$ by a long+ = nobl]1 pur] ?+s4 ,h5ce arise a purbl9d revulsion & ye>n+ 9 ! lad's s\l2 ! psy*ological mom5t has arriv$1 & ,i take him at once into ! c\ntry--7,summ]3 ,! ,/orm74 ,?is is ! fir/ ( ! f\r out-(-door sc5es1 & ! lad's fir/ real exp]i5ce ) nature4 ,x impresses him crudely b viol5tly2 & 9 ! t5se excitem5t ( ! tempe/ he is inspir$ to tempor>y eloqu5ce2 & at ! close is mu* s(t5$4 ,he feels 9 a way b does n "k t he has be5 a p>ticipant 9 "o ( ,nature's sup]b dramas4 7,?us d ,i insidi\sly prep>e ! way = ! notion t creative ar*itecture is 9 ess5ce a dramatic art1 & an art ( eloqu5ce2 ( subtle rhy?mic beauty1 p[]1 & t5d]ness74 ,left alone 9 ! c\ntry ! lad becomes maudl9--a call[ lov] ( nature--& makes feeble attempts at v]se4 ,return+ to ! city he melts & unbosoms--! t5d] %aft ( ! unkn[able ,eros has p5etrat$ to 8 he>t--,nature's subtle spell is on him1 to disappe> & reappe>4 ,!n foll[ discussions1 m or less didactic1 lead+ to ! second out-(-door sc5e 7,autumn ,glory74 ,"h ! lad does mo/ ( ! talk+ & %[s a c]ta9 lucidity & calm ( m9d4 ,! discussion ( ,responsibility1 ,democracy1 ,education1 etc41 has inevitably deta*$ ! lurk+ _s ( pessimism4 ,x has to be3--,into ! dep?s & d>kness we desc5d1 & ! "w rea*es ! tragic climax 9 ! ?ird out-(-door sc5e--,w9t]4 ,n[ t ! =ces h be5 ga!r$ & m>%all$ ! true1 sane movem5t ( ! "w is ent]$ ^u & pu%$ at high t5sion1 & ) swift1 copi\s modulations to its =eorda9$ climax & optimi/ic p]oration 9 ! f\r? & la/ out-(-door sc5e z portray$ 9 ! ,spr+ ,song4 ,! locale ( ?is clos+ numb] is ! beautiful spot 9 ! woods1 on ! %ore ( ,biloxi ,bay3--:]e ,i am writ+ ?is4 ,i w\ld sugge/ 9 pass+ t a consid]able "p ( ! ,k4,c4 is 9 rhy?mic prose--"s ( x declamatory4 ,i h endeav\r$ ?r\gh\t ?is "w to repres5t1 or reproduce to ! m9d & he>t ( ! read] ! spok5 ^w & intonation--n writt5 language4 ,x really %\ld be read al\d1 especially ! descriptive & exalt$ passages4 ,!re 0 a movem5t once on ! "p ( ,mr4 ,sullivan's admir]s to issue ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats 9 book =m1 b he 0 ask$ to tone x d[n & expurgate x1 a ?+ :i* he v naturally refus$ to d4 ,mr4 ,sullivan has always be5 completely alive to our c[>dice :5 x comes to he>+ ! tru? ab\t ourselves1 & alive to ! dang] :i* ?is c[>dice entails1 = to 8 imag9>y pupil he says1 ,if y wi% to read ! curr5t ar*itecture ( y\r c\ntry1 y mu/ g at x c\rage\sly1 & n pick out m]ely ! little bits t please y4 ,i am go+ to soak y ) x until y are absolutely nauseat$1 & y\r faculties turn 9 rebellion4 ,i may be a h>d taskma/]1 b ,i /rive to be a good "o4 ,:5 ,i am ?r\gh ) y1 y w "k ar*itecture f ! gr\nd up4 ,y w "k its virtu\s reality & y w "k ! fake & ! fraud & ! humbug4 ,i w sp>e no?+--= y\r sake4 ,i w /ir up ! cesspool to its utmo/ dep?s ( /5*1 & also ! pi\s1 hypocritical virtues ( our s-call$ ar*itecture--! nice1 good1 mealy-m\!d1 suave1 dext]\s1 diplomatic ar*itecture1 ,i w %[ y also ! k9d ( ar*itecture our cultur$ p believe 94 ,& :y d !y believe 9 x8 ,because !y d n believe 9 !mselves4 ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats is ev5 m p]t95t & po9t$ today ?an x 0 "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 x 0 writt54 ,spee* t is full ( tru? is timeless1 & !re=e prophetic4 ,mr4 ,sullivan =eca/ "s ( ! v evils by :i* we h be5 ov]tak54 ,he 0 able to d ?is on acc\nt ( ! fundam5tal s\ndness ( 8 po9t ( view1 :i* f9ds expression 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,once y le>n to look ^u ar*itecture n m]ely z an art m or less well1 or m or less badly done1 b z a social manife/ation1 ! critical eye becomes clairvoyant1 & obscure1 unnot$ ph5om5a become illum9$4 ,look+1 f ?is po9t ( view1 at ! (fice build+s t ! !n newly-realiz$ possibilities ( /eel con/ruction 7 s5d+ skyw>d along l[] ,broadway1 9 ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,sullivan reads 9 !m a d5ial ( democracy4 ,to him !y signify mu* m ?an !y seem to1 or mean to2 !y are m ?an ! betrayal ( ar*itectural ignorance & m5dacity1 !y are symptomatic ( =ces und]m9+ ,am]ican life4 ,^! build+s1 z !y increase 9 numb]1 make ?is city poor]1 morally & spiritually2 !y drag x d[n & d[n into ! mire4 ,?is is n ,am]ican civilization2 x is ! rott5ness ( ,gomorrah4 ,?is is n ,democracy--x is savag]y4 ,x %[s ! glutton hunt = ! ,doll> ) no ?\ght = aught else "u ! sun or ov] ! e>?4 ,x is decad5ce ( ! _s 9 its mo/ revolt+ =m2 x is rott5ness ( ! he>t & corruption ( ! m9d4 ,s truly does ?is ar*itecture reflect ! causes :i* h br\ght x into be+4 ,su* /ructures are pr(\ndly anti-social1 & z su*1 !y mu/ be reckon$ )4 ,^! build+s are n ar*itecture1 b outlawry1 & _! au?ors crim9als 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,& su* is ! ar*itecture ( l[] ,new ,york--hopeless1 degrad$1 & putrid 9 its pessimi/ic d5ial ( our art1 & ( our gr[+ civilization--its cynical contempt = all ^? qualities t real humans value4 ,we h always be5 v glib ab\t democracy2 we h assum$ t ?is c\ntry 0 a democracy because we nam$ x s4 ,b n[ t we are call$ ^u to die = ! idea1 we f9d t we h nev] realiz$ x any:]e except p]haps 9 our secret he>ts4 ,9 ! life ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 9 ! poetry ( ,walt ,:itman1 9 ! ar*itecture ( ,l\is ,sullivan1 ! _s ( democracy f\nd utt]ance1 & to ! ext5t t we ourselves p>take ( t _s1 x w f9d utt]ance also 9 u4 ,mr4 ,sullivan is a prophet ( democracy n alone 9 8 build+s b 9 8 writ+s1 & ! prophetic note is s\nd$ ev5 m cle>ly 9 8 ,:at is ,ar*itecture8 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,am]ican ,p ( ,today1 ?an 9 ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats4 ,?is essay 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,contractor ( ,janu>y #f1 #aijf1 & aft]w>ds issu$ 9 bro*ure =m4 ,! au?or />ts by trac+ ar*itecture to its root 9 ! human m9d3 ?is physical ?+ is ! manife/ation ( a psy*ological /ate4 ,z a man ?9ks1 s he is2 he acts accord+ to 8 ?\ght1 & if t act takes ! =m ( a build+ x is an emanation ( 8 inmo/ life1 & reveals x4 ,ev]y?+ is !re = u to read1 to int]pret2 & ?is we may d at our leisure4 ,! build+ has n means ( locomotion1 x _c hide itself1 x _c get away4 ,!re x is1 & !re x w /ay--tell+ m tru?s ab\t him :o made x1 ?an he 9 8 fatuity imag9es2 reveal+ 8 m9d & 8 he>t exactly = :at !y are wor?1 n a :it m1 n a :it less2 tell+ pla9ly ! lies he ?9ks2 tell+ ) almo/ cruel tru?fulness 8 bad fai?1 8 feeble1 wabbly m9d1 8 impud5ce1 8 selfi% egoism1 8 m5tal irresponsibility1 8 apa?y1 8 disda9 = real ?+s--until at la/ ! build+ says to u3 ,i am no m a real build+ ?an ! ?+ t made me is a real man6 ,language l ?is /+s & burns1 b x is j su* z is ne$ful to %ame u out ( our com=table apa?y1 to ar\se u to new responsibilities1 new opportunities4 ,mr4 ,sullivan1 awake among ! sleep]s1 dr5*es u ) bucketfuls ( cold1 tonic1 en]giz+ tru?4 ,! poppy & m&ragora ( ! pa/1 ( ,europe1 poisons u1 b 9 ?is1 our h\r ( battle1 we mu/ n be p]mitt$ to dream on4 ,he saw1 f f> back1 t we1 z a p1 n only h betray$ ea* o!r1 b h fail$ 9 t tru/ :i* ! _w _s ( democracy plac$ 9 our h&s1 z we1 a new p1 em]g$ to fill a new & spaci\s l&4 ,x has tak5 a _w w> to make u see ! situation z he saw x1 & x is to u1 a militant nation1 & n to ! slo?ful civilians a decade ago1 t ,mr4 ,sullivan's /irr+ message seems to be address$4 ,! foll[+ quotation is 8 fir/ crack ( ! :ip at ! ar*itectural s*ools4 ,! problem ( education is to him ( all ?+s ! mo/ vital2 9 ?is essay he returns to x aga9 & aga91 :ile ( ,k9d]g>t5 ,*ats x is ! v raison d'tre4 ,i tru/ t a long disquisition is n necess>y 9 ord] to %[ t ! attempt at imitation1 by u1 ( ?is day1 ( ! by-gone =ms ( build+1 is a proc$ure unwor?y ( a free p2 & t ! dictum ( ! s*ools1 t ,ar*itecture is f9i%$ & done1 is a sugge/ion humiliat+ to e active bra91 & !re=e1 9 fact1 a pu]ility & a falsehood :5 weigh$ 9 ! scales ( truly democratic ?\ght4 ,su* dictum gives ! lie 9 arrogant fa%ion1 to heal?ful human exp]i5ce4 ,x says1 9 a ^w3 ! ,am]ican p are n fit = democracy4 ,he f9ds ! s*ools saturat$ ) sup]/itions :i* are ! survivals ( ! s*ola/icism ( pa/ c5turies--feudal in/itutions1 9 effect1 inimical to 8 idea ( ! true _s ( democratic education4 ,?is he conceives ( z a se>*+-out1 lib]at+1 & develop+ ! spl5did b obscur$ p[]s ( ! av]age man1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( *ildr54 ,x is disquiet+ to note1 he says1 t ! sy/em ( education on :i* we lavi% funds ) su* g5]\s1 ev5 prodigal1 h&1 falls %ort ( fulfill+ its true democratic function2 & t p>ticul>ly 9 ! s-call$ high] bran*es its t5d5cy appe>s daily m reaction>y1 m feudal4 ,x is n an agreeable reflection t s _m ( our univ]sity graduates lack ! tra9$ ability to see cle>ly1 & to ?9k cle>ly1 concisely1 con/ructively2 t !re is p]haps m %[+ ( cynicism ?an good fai?1 seem+ly m di/ru/ ( m5 ?an confid5ce 9 !m1 &1 )al1 no consummate ability to int]pret ?+s4 ,9 contra/ to ! s*oolman he sket*es ! psy*ology ( ! active-m9d$ b un$ucat$ man1 ) sympa?y & und]/&+1 ! man :o is c\rage\sly seek+ a way ) little to guide & help him4 ,is x n ! "p ( wisdom to *e]1 to enc\rage su* a m9d1 r ?an di%e>t5 x ) ridicule8 ,to say to x3 ,le>n t ! m9d works be/ :5 all[$ to "w naturally2 le>n to d :at y\r problem sugge/s :5 y h r$uc$ x to its simple/ t]ms2 y w ?us f9d t all problems1 h[ev] complex1 take on a simplicity y _h n dream$ (2 accept ?is simplicity boldly1 & ) confid5ce1 d n lose y\r n]ve & run away f x1 or y are lo/1 = y are "h at ! po9t m5 s he$lessly call g5ius--z ?\gh x 7 necess>ily r>e2 = y are "h at ! po9t no liv+ bra9 c surpass 9 ess5ce1 ! po9t all truly great m9ds seek--! po9t ( vital simplicity--! po9t ( view :i* s illum9ates ! m9d t ! art ( expression becomes spontane\s1 p[]ful1 & un]r+1 & a*ievem5t a c]ta9ty4 ,s1 if y seek & express ! be/ t is 9 y\rself1 y mu/ se>* out ! be/ t is 9 y\r p2 = !y are y\r problem1 & y are indissolubly a "p ( !m4 ,x is = y to affirm t :i* !y really wi% to affirm1 namely1 ! be/ t is 9 !m1 & !y z truly wi% y to express ! be/ t is 9 y\rself4 ,if ! p seem to h b little fai? x is because !y h be5 trick$ s long2 !y are we>y ( di%one/y1 m we>y ?an !y "k1 mu* m we>y ?an y "k1 & 9 _! he>ts !y seek hone/ & fe>less m51 m5 simple & cle> 9 m9d1 loyal to _! own manhood & to ! p4 ,! ,am]ican p are n[ 9 a /upor2 be on h& at ! awak5+4 ,next he pays 8 respects to curr5t ar*itectural criticism--a /ra9+ at gnats & a swall[+ ( camels1 by m9ds b5umb$ by culture1 & he>ts made fa9t by ! tyranny ( prec$5t4 ,he compla9s t !y make no di/9ction betwe5 0 & is1 too readily assum+ t all t is left u mod]ns is ! humble privilege to select1 copy & adapt4 ,! curr5t mann]isms ( ,ar*itectural criticism mu/ (t5 seem trivial4 ,= ( :at avail is x to say t ?is is too small1 t too l>ge1 ?is too ?ick1 & t too ?91 or to quote ?is1 t1 or ! o!r prec$5t1 :5 ! real "q may be3 ,is n ! entire design a mean evasion8 ,:y magnify ?is1 t1 or ! o!r little ?+1 if ! entire s*eme ( ?9k+ t ! build+ /&s = is false1 & puts a mask ^u ! p1 :o want true build+s1 b d n "k h[ to get !m s long z ,ar*itects betray !m ) ,ar*itectural phrases8 ,& s he goes on ) 8 ,j]emiad3 a prophet ( despair1 d y say8 ,no1 he seeks to de/roy only t falsity :i* w\ld conf9e ! liv+ _s4 ,e>li] & m cle>ly ?an we1 he disc]n$ ! m5ace to our civilization ( ! unre/rict$ play ( ! mascul9e =ces--p[]ful1 ru?less1 dis9tegrat+--! head dom9at+ ! he>t4 ,x has tak5 ! surg]y ( w> to op5 our eyes1 & behold ! spectacle ( ! entire ,g]man nation :i* by an intellectual process appe>s to h kill$ out compassion1 en?ron+ ,s*reckli*keit4 ,9 ! he>t alone dwells hope ( salvation4 ,= he :o kn[s ev5 a g5u9ely little ( ,mank9d kn[s ?is tru?3 ! he>t is great] ?an ! head4 ,= 9 ! he>t is ,desire2 & f x come =? ,c\rage & ,magnanimity4 ,y h n ?\ght deeply en\gh to "k t ! he>t 9 y is ! woman 9 man4 ,y h d]id$ y\r fem99ity1 :]e y h suspect$ x2 :]eas1 y %\ld h kn[n its p[]1 *]i%$ & utiliz$ x1 = x is ! hidd5 well-spr+ ( ,intuition & ,imag9ation4 ,:at c ! bra9 accompli% )\t ^! two8 ,!y are ! man's two inn] eyes2 )\t !m he is /one bl9d4 ,= ! m9d sets =? _! p[]s bo? toge!r4 ,"o c>ries ! light1 ! o!r se>*es2 & betwe5 !m !y f9d treasures4 ,^! !y br+ to ! bra91 :i* fir/ elaborates !m1 !n says to ! w1 ,d--& ,action foll[s4 ,poetically consid]$1 z f> z ! huge1 disord]$ resultant mass ( y\r ,ar*itecture is conc]n$1 ,intuition & ,imag9ation h n gone =? to illum9ate & se>* ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,?us are its works /one bl9d4 ,x is ! abs5ce ( poetry & beauty :i* makes our ar*itecture s depress+ to ! spirits4 ,poetry z a liv+ ?+1 says ,mr4 ,sullivan1 /&s = ! mo/ tell+ quality t a man c imp>t to 8 ?\ghts4 ,judg$ by ?is te/ y\r build+s are dre>y1 empty places4 ,arti/s 9 words1 l ,lafcadio ,he>n & ,h5ry ,james1 are able to make articulate ! sadness :i* our cities inspire1 b x is a blight :i* lies heavy on u all4 ,!odore ,dreis] says1 9 ,si/] ,c>rie--a book ) s mu* bitt] tru? 9 x t x 0 suppress$ by ! orig9al publi%]s3 ,once ! bright days ( summ] pass by1 a city takes on ! sombre g>b ( grey1 wrapp$ 9 :i* x goes ab\t its labors dur+ ! long w9t]4 ,its endless build+s look grey1 its sky & its /reets assume a sombre hue2 ! scatt]$1 leafless trees & w9d-bl[n du/ & pap] b add to ! g5]al solemnity ( color4 ,!re seems to be some?+ 9 ! *ill breezes :i* scurry ?r\gh ! long1 n>r[ ?or\ghf>es productive ( rueful ?\ghts4 ,n poets alone1 nor arti/s1 nor t sup]ior ord] ( m9d :i* arrogates to itself all ref9em5t1 feel ?is1 b dogs & all m54 ,! excuse t we are too "y a p to h develop$ an ar*itecture in/9ct ) t natural poetry :i* s *>ms u 9 ! art ( o!r c\ntries & o!r times1 ,mr4 ,sullivan disposes ( 9 *>act]i/ic fa%ion4 ,to ! plea t ,we are too "y to consid] ^! accompli%m5ts4 ,we h be5 s busy ) our mat]ial developm5t t we h n f\nd "t to consid] !m1 he makes answ] z foll[s3 ,"k1 !n1 to beg9 )1 !y are n accompli%m5ts b necess>ies4 ,&1 to end )1 y are old en\gh1 & h f\nd ! "t to succe$ 9 ne>ly mak+ a f9e art (--,betrayal1 & a sci5ce (--,graft4 ,"k t y are z old z ! race4 ,t ea* man among y _h 9 him ! accumulat$ p[] ( ! race1 ready at h& = use1 9 ! "r way1 :5 he %all conclude x bett] to ?9k /raight & h5ce act /raight r ?an1 z n[1 to act crook$ & pret5d to be /raight4 ,"k t ! te/1 pla91 simple hone/y 7& y all "k1 e man ( y kn[s1 exactly :at t means7 is always at y\r h&4 ,"k t z all complex manife/ations h a simple basis ( orig91 s ! va/ complexity ( y\r national unre/1 ill heal?1 inability to ?9k cle>ly & accurately conc]n+ simple ?+s1 really vital ?+s1 is easily traceable to ! s+le1 actual1 active cause--,di%one/y2 & t ?is po9ts ) unescapable logic & 9 j measure to ea* individual man6 ,! rem$y2--individual hone/y4 ,to ! objection t ?is is too simple a solution1 ,mr4 ,sullivan retorts t all great solutions are simple1 t ! basic ?+s ( ! univ]se are ^? :i* ! he>t ( a *ild might compreh5d4 ,hone/y /&s 9 ! univ]se ( ,human ,?\ght & ,action1 z its v ,c5tre ( ,gravity1 & is our human mask-^w beh9d :i* abides all ! p[] ( ,nature's ,integrity1 ! pr(\nde/ fact :i* mod]n ?9k+ has p]suad$ ,life to reveal4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! read] compla9s1 ,all ?is is above our heads1 ,mr4 ,sullivan is equally ready ) an answ]3 ,no1 x is n4 ,x is close beside y\r h&6 & !re9 lies its p[]4 ,aga9 y say1 ,h[ c hone/y be en=c$8 ,x _c be en=c$6 ,!n h[ w ! rem$y g into effect8 ,x _c g into effect4 ,x c only come into effect4 ,!n h[ c x come8 ,ask ,nature4 ,& :at w ,nature say8 ,nature is always say+3 ,i c5tre at ea* man1 woman & *ild4 ,i knock at ! door ( ea* he>t1 & ,i wait4 ,i wait 9 pati5ce--ready to ent] ) my gifts4 ,& is t all t ,nature says8 ,t is all4 ,!n h[ %all we receive ,nature8 ,by op5+ wide y\r m9ds6 ,= y\r greate/ crime aga9/ y\rselves is t y h lock$ ! door & ?r[n away ! key6 ,?us1 by a long det\r1 ,mr4 ,sullivan returns to 8 initial proposition1 t ! falsity ( our ar*itecture c be correct$ only by integrity ( ?\ght4 ,?\ght is ! f9e & p[]ful in/rum5t4 ,!re=e1 h ?\ght = ! integrity ( y\r own ?\ght4 ,naturally1 !n1 z y\r ?\ghts ?us *ange1 y\r gr[+ ar*itecture w *ange4 ,its falsity w dep>t2 its reality w gradually appe>4 ,= ! integrity ( y\r ?\ght z a ,p1 w !n h p5etrat$ ! m9ds ( y\r ar*itects4 ,!n1 too1 z y\r basic ?\ght *anges1 w em]ge a philosophy1 a poetry1 & an art ( expression 9 all ?+s2 = y w h le>n$ t a *>act]i/ic philosophy1 poetry & art ( expression are vital to ! heal?ful gr[? & developm5t ( a democratic p4 ,"s read]s may compla9 t ^! are aft] all only glitt]+ g5]alities1 ( no practical use 9 solv+ ! specific problems ) :i* e ar*itect is confront$4 ,on ! contr>y !y are fundam5tal v]ities ( incalculable b5efit to e s9c]e arti/4 ,%all[ness is ! great vice ( democracy2 x is surface )\t dep?1 a welt] ( concrete detail 9 :i* ! m9d easily loses ^? great1 und]ly+ ab/ractions f :i* alone great art c spr+4 ,^!1 9 ?is essay1 ,mr4 ,sullivan helps u to recapture1 & inspires u to employ4 ,he w\ld w9 u f our ins9c]ities1 our trivialities1 & awak5 our enorm\s lat5t1 unus$ p[]4 ,he says3 ,awak5 x4 ,use x4 ,use x = ! common good4 ,beg9 n[6 ,= x is z true today z :5 "o ( y\r wise m5 said x3-- ,! way to resume is to resume6 ,,color ,,& ,,c]amics ,! production ( c]amics--p]haps ! olde/ ( all ! useful arts practis$ by man2 an art ) a magnific5t hi/ory--seems to be ent]+ ^u a new era ( developm5t4 ,x is m alive today1 m g5]ally1 m skilfully1 ?\gh n m artfully practis$ ?an ev] be=e4 ,x %\ld !re=e be ( int]e/ to all lov]s ( ar*itecture1 9 view ( ! increas+ importance ( c]amics 9 build+1 to consid] ! ways 9 :i* ^! mat]ials may be/ be us$4 ,look+ at ! matt] 9 ! broade/ possible way1 x may be said t ! build+ impulse ?r\gh\t ! ages has express$ itself 9 two fundam5tally diff]5t types ( /ructure3 t 9 :i* ! ar*itecture--& ev5 ! ornam5t--is "o ) ! eng9e]+2 & t 9 :i* ! two elem5ts are sep>able1 n 9 ?\ght alone1 b 9 fact4 ,= brevity let u "n t mann] ( build+ 9 :i* ! ar*itecture is ! con/ruction1 ,inh]5t ar*itecture1 & t mann] 9 :i* ! two are sep>able ,incru/$ ar*itecture4 ,to ! fir/ class belong ! ar*itectures ( ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,go?ic ar*itecture z practis$ 9 ! nor? ( ,europe2 to ! second belong ,roman ar*itecture ( ! spl5did p]iod1 ,moori% ar*itecture1 & ,italian ,go?ic1 s call$4 ,9 ! fir/ class ! bones ( ! build+ 7 also its fle%2 9 ! second bones & fle% 7 9 a mann] sep>able1 z is prov5 by ! fact t !y 7 sep>ately consid]$1 sep>ately fa%ion$4 ,ru9$ ,k>nak1 ! ru9$ ,p>!non1 wreck$ ,rheims1 %[ ornam5t s integral a "p ( ! fabric--et*$ s deep--t :at has surviv$ ( ! "o has surviv$ also ( ! o!r2 :ile ! ru9$ ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla ! uncomplet$ *ur* ( ,s4 ,petronio 9 ,bologna1 & _m a />k mosque on _m a s&y des]t %[ only b>e skeletons ( ^: complet$ glory we c only guess4 ,9 !m ! fabric 0 a framework = ! display ( ! lapid>y or ! c]amic art--a g>m5t de/roy$1 r5t1 or tatt]$ by "t & *ance1 leav+ ! bones /ill /rong1 b b>e4 ,?is classification ( ar*itecture into ,inh]5t & ,incru/$ is n to be confus$ ) ! discrim9ation betwe5 ar*itecture t is ,arrang$1 & ar*itecture t is ,organic1 a classification :i* is bas$ on psy*ology--l ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! bus9ess man & ! poet3 tal5t & g5ius--:]eas ! classification :i* ! read] is ask$ n[ to consid] is bas$ r on ! matt] ( exp$i5cy 9 ! use ( mat]ials4 ,let u draw no invidi\s comp>isons betwe5 ,inh]5t & ,incru/$ ar*itecture1 b reg>d ea* z ! adequate expression ( an ideal type ( beauty2 ! "o mascul9e1 s9ce 9 ! male figure ! osse\s framework is m easily disc]nible2 ! o!r fem99e1 because m conceal$ & ov]laid ) a cellul> tissue ( %9+1 preci\s mat]ials1 on :i* ! disruptive =ces 9 man & nature are m free to act4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to /ate t x is ) ,incru/$ ar*itecture t we are alone conc]n$ 9 ?is discussion1 = to ?is class almo/ all mod]n build+s p]=ce belong4 ,?is is by reason ( a necessity dictat$ by ! mat]ials t we employ1 & by our me?ods ( con/ruction4 ,all mod]n build+s foll[ practically "o me?od ( con/ruction3 a bony framework ( /eel--or ( concrete re9=c$ by /eel--fill$ 9 & subdivid$ by concrete1 brick1 holl[ fire-clay1 or "s ( its sub/itutes4 ,to a con/ruction ( ?is k9d "s sort ( an out] encasem5t is n only /hetically desirable1 b practically necess>y4 ,x usually takes ! =m ( /one1 face-brick1 t]ra-cotta1 tile1 /ucco1 or "s comb9ation ( two or m ( ^! mat]ials4 ,( ! two types ( ar*itecture ! ,incru/$ type is !re=e impos$ by /ructural necessity4 ,! enorm\s importance ( c]amics 9 its relation to ar*itecture ?us becomes app>5t4 ,!y m9i/] to an ar*itectural ne$ in/ead ( gratify+ an ar*itectural :im4 ,ours is a p]iod ( ,incru/$ ar*itecture--"o :i* dem&s ! encasem5t1 r ?an ! exposure ( /ructure1 & !re=e logically admits ( ! enri*m5t ( surfaces by means ( v5e]s ( mat]ials m preci\s & beautiful ?an ^? employ$ 9 ! /ructure1 :i* becomes1 z x 71 ! canvas ( ! picture1 & n ! picture itself4 ,= ^! purposes !re are no mat]ials m apt1 m adaptable1 m endur+1 ri*] 9 pot5tialities ( beauty ?an ! products ( c]amic art4 ,!y are easily & inexp5sively produc$ ( any desir$ %ape1 color1 texture2 _! h>d1 d5se surface resi/s ! action ( ! elem5ts1 is n easily soil$1 & is readily clean$2 be+ fa%ion$ by fire !y are fire resi/ant4 ,s mu* !n = ! practical dem&s1 9 mod]n ar*itecture1 met by ! products ( c]amic art4 ,! /hetic dem& is n less admirably met--or r might be4 ,:51 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! ,r5aissance spread f s\? to nor?1 color 0 practically elim9at$ f ar*itecture4 ,! ,egyptians _h _h x1 hot & bright z ! sun on ! des]t2 we "k t ! ,greeks made _! ,p>ian m>ble gl[ 9 ra9b[ t9ts2 ,moori% ar*itecture 0 no?+ if n colorful1 & ! ,v5ice ,rusk9 lov$ 0 fairly iridesc5t--a ?+ ( fire-opal & pe>l4 ,9 ,italian ,r5aissance ar*itecture up to its late/ phase1 ! color elem5t 0 always pres5t2 b x 0 snuff$ out "u ! lead5 color$ nor!rn skies4 ,p>is is grey1 ,london is br[n1 ,new ,york is :ite1 & ,*icago ! color ( c9d]s4 ,we h only to comp>e !m to yell[ ,rome1 r$ ,si5a1 & pe>l-t9t$ ,v5ice1 to realize h[ mu* we h lo/ 9 ! elim9ation ( color f ar*itecture4 ,we are com+ to realize x4 ,color play$ an important "p 9 ! ,pan-,am]ican ,exposition1 & aga9 9 ! ,san ,francisco ,exposition1 :]e1 w$d$ to light1 x became ! dom9ant note ( ! :ole ar*itectural conc]t4 ,n[ ^! great expositions 9 :i* ! ar*itects & arti/s are giv5 a free h&1 are 9 ! nature ( prelim9>y /udies 9 :i* ^! function>ies sket* 9 transitory =m ! ?+s !y desire to d 9 m p]man5t =m4 ,!y are =eca/s ( ! future1 a future :i* 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s is already beg9n+ to realize itself4 ,x is !re=e probable t ar*itectural art w become increas+ly colorful4 ,! au?or rememb]s ! day & ! h\r :5 ?is became 8 p]sonal conviction--8 p]sonal desire4 ,x happ5$ ye>s ago 9 ! ,albright ,gall]y 9 ,buffalo--a build+ !n newly complet$1 ( a sev]ely classic type4 ,9 ! c5tral hall 0 a s+le doorway1 ^: :ite m>ble ar*itrave _h be5 /a9$ ) diff]5t color$ pigm5ts by ,francis ,bacon2 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks4 ,! effect 0 s *>m+1 & made ! re/ ( ! place seem by contra/ s cold & dun1 t ! au?or came !n & !re to ! conclusion t ar*itecture )\t poly*romy 0 ar*itecture incomplete4 ,mr4 ,bacon sp5t ?ree ye>s 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & else:]e1 /udy+ ! rema9s ( ,greek ar*itecture1 & he f\nd & br\ght home a fragm5t ( an antefix f ! temple ( ,assos1 9 :i* ! appli$ color 0 /ill pure & /rong4 ,! ,greeks 7 a joy\s p4 ,:5 joy comes back into life1 color w come back into ar*itecture4 ,c]amic products are ideal z a means to ?is end4 ,! ,greeks !mselves recogniz$ _! value = !y us$ !m widely & wisely3 x has be5 discov]$ t !y ev5 atta*$ b&s ( color$ t]ra-cotta to ! m>ble m\ld+s ( _! temples4 ,h[ diff]5t mu/ h be5 su* a temple's real appe>ance f t imag9$ by ! ,classical ,revivali/s1 ^: tradition ( ! inviolable cold ,p>ian purity ( ,greek ar*itecture has p]si/$1 ev5 aga9/ ar*ological evid5ce to ! contr>y1 up to ! pres5t day4 ,9 "o way we h an advantage ov] ! ,greek1 if we only _h ! wit to pr(it by x4 ,8 palette1 l 8 musical scale1 0 m limit$ ?an ours4 ,ne>ly ! :ole gamut ( ! spectrum is n[ available to ! ar*itect :o wi%es to employ c]amics4 ,! colors d n *ange or fade1 & possess a beautiful quality4 ,our craftsm5 & manufactur]s ( face-brick1 t]ra-cotta1 & color$ tile1 aft] mu* co/ly exp]im5tation1 h succe$$ 9 produc+ c]amics ( a high ord] ( excell5ce & intr9sic beauty2 !y c d practically any?+ dem&$ ( !m2 b f t qu>t] :]e !y %\ld reap ! greate/ comm]cial advantage--! field ( ar*itecture--!re is all too little dem&4 ,! ar*itect :o %\ld lead1 tea* & dictate 9 ?is field1 is (t5 ?r\gh ignorance oblig$ to le>n & foll[ in/ead4 ,?is has l$ to an ignom9i\s situation--ignom9i\s1 t is1 to ! ar*itect4 ,he has come to require ( ! manufactur]--:5 he requires any?+ at all--assi/ance 9 ! v matt] 9 :i* he %\ld assi/3 ! det]m9ation ( color design4 ,x is no wond] t ! results are (t5 bad1 & !re=e disc\rag+4 ,! manufactur]s ( c]amics welcome co-op]ation & assi/ance on ! "p ( ! ar*itect ) an eag]ness :i* is almo/ pa!tic1 on ^? r>e occasions :5 assi/ance is (f]$4 ,b ! ar*itect is n really to blame3 ! reason = 8 failure lies deep 9 8 g5]al pr$icam5t ( hav+ to "k a little ( ev]y?+1 & d a great deal m ?an he c possibly d well4 ,to cope ) ?is1 if 8 practice w>rants ! exp5diture1 he surr\nds himself ) speciali/s 9 v>i\s fields1 & assigns v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( 8 "w to !m4 ,he _c be expect$ to h on 8 /aff a speciali/ 9 c]amics1 nor c he1 ) all 8 manifold activities1 be expect$ to become su* a speciali/ himself4 ,z a result1 he is usually cont5t to let color problems alone1 = !y are j ano!r complication ( 8 already too complicat$ life2 or he ref]s !m to "s "o :om he ?9ks ought to "k--a manufactur]'s design]--& approves almo/ any?+ submitt$4 ,( c\rse ! ideal ar*itect w\ld h "t = e problem1 & solve x supremely well2 b ! real ar*itect is all too human3 !re are depressions on 8 cranium :]e bumps ought to be2 moreov]1 he wants a little "t left to en]gize 9 o!r directions ?an 9 ! practice ( 8 craft4 ,"o ( ! functions ( ar*itecture is to reveal ! inh]5t qualities & beauties ( diff]5t mat]ials1 by _! appropriate use & ta/eful display4 ,an onyx /aircase on ! "o h&1 & a portl& cem5t high alt> on ! o!r1 alike violate ?is function ( ar*itecture2 !y transgress t beautiful necessity :i* decrees t preci\s mat]ials %\ld s]ve preci\s uses & common mat]ials %\ld s]ve utilit>ian ends4 ,n[ color is a preci\s ?+1 & its highe/ beauties c be br\ght out only by contra/ ) broad neutral t9t$ spaces4 ,! int]ior walls ( a m$iaeval ca!dral nev] compet$ ) its w9d[s1 & by ! same tok51 a riot ( poly*romy all ov] ! side ( a build+ is n z effective1 ev5 f a *romatic po9t ( view1 z ?\gh x 7 conf9$1 say1 to an entrance & a frieze4 ,gilb]t's witty phrase is applicable "h3 ,:]e ev]ybody's somebody1 nobody's anybody4 ,let u build our walls1 !n1 ( /one1 or brick1 or /ucco1--= _! flat surfaces & neutral t9ts conduce to t repose s ess5tial to good ar*itectural effect3 b let u n re/ cont5t ) ?is1 b grant to ! eye ! delight & cont5tm5t :i* x craves1 by color & patt]n plac$ at ^? po9ts to :i* x is desirable to attract att5tion1 = !y s]ve ! same /hetic purpose z a ti>a on ! br[ ( beauty1 or a r+ on a delicate :ite h&4 ,b j z jewelry is be/ :5 x is mo/ individual1 s ! ornam5t ( a build+ %\ld be 9 keep+ ) its g5]al "* & complexion4 ,a color s*eme %\ld n be *os5 at r&om1 b dictat$ by ! prevail+ tone & texture ( ! wall surfaces1 ) :i* x %\ld h>monize z inevitably z ! blossom ( a bu% ) its prevail+ tone ( /ems & foliage4 ,9 a build+ ?is prevail+ tone w inevitably be ei!r cold or w>m1 & ! color s*eme j z inevitably %\ld be ei!r cold or w>m2 t is1 !re %\ld be a prepond]ance ( cold colors ov] w>m1 or vice v]sa4 ,o!rwise ! eye w suff] j t ord] ( uneas9ess :i* comes f ! contemplation ( two equal masses1 :]eas x exp]i5ces satisfaction 9 proportionate unequals4 ,no?+ w take ! place ( an in/9ctive col\r-s5se1 b ev5 t ne$s ! tra9+ ( exp]i5ce1 if ! field be new1 & a few g5]al pr9ciples ( all b univ]sal application w n be amiss4 ,fir/ ( all x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! int5sity ( color %\ld be c>efully adju/$ to its area4 ,x is dang]\s to try to use high1 pure colors1 unreliev$ & uncontra/$1 9 l>ge masses1 b ! brighte/1 /ronge/ colors may be us$ ) safety 9 units ( suffici5tly re/rict$ size4 ,= h>mony1 z well z = ri*ness1 ! law ( complem5t>ies1 9 its mo/ g5]al application1 is ! safe/ ( all guides1 b x mu/ be foll[$ ) f9e discrim9ation4 ,complem5t>y colors are l m>ri$ pairs1 if !y f9d ! "r adju/m5t ) "o ano!r !y are happy--t is1 !re is an effect ( beauty--b lack+ su* adju/m5t !y are worse (f toge!r ?an ap>t4 ,e arti/ :o exp]im5ts 9 color soon f9ds out = himself t in/ead ( us+ two colors directly complem5t>y1 x is bett] to split "o ( !m1 t is1 use in/ead ( "o ( !m two o!rs1 :i* comb9$ w yield ! color 9 "q4 ,= example1 ! color complem5t>y to r$ is gre5-blue4 ,n[ gre5-blue is equidi/ant betwe5 yell[-gre5 & blue-violet1 s if = r$ & blue-gre52 r$1 yell[-gre5 & blue-violet be sub/itut$ ! comb9ation loses its obvi\sness & a c]ta9 h>%ness )\t los+ any?+ ( its brilliance1 or )\t dep>t+ f ! optical law involv$4 ,su* a comb9ation corresponds to a dim9i%$ triad 9 music4 ,ano!r important consid]ation ) reg>d to color z employ$ by ! ar*itect dwells 9 ^? optical *anges effect$ by di/ance & position3 ! relative visibility ( diff]5t colors & comb9ations ( colors z ! spectator rec$es f !m1 & ! environm5tal *anges :i* colors und]go--9 bright sunlight1 9 %ad[1 aga9/ ! sky1 & ) relation to backgr\nds ( diff]5t sorts4 ,! effect ( di/ance is to make colors m]ge into "o ano!r1 to l[] ! values1 b n all equally4 ,yell[ loses itself fir/1 t5d+ t[>d :ite4 ,! effect ( di/ance1 9 g5]al1 is to dis9tegrate & decompose1 ?us giv+ vibration z x is call$4 ,a k ( ^! & k9dr$ facts w save ! ar*itect f _m disappo9tm5ts & enable him to obta9 wond]ful *romatic effects by simple means4 ,_m ar*itects unus$ to color problems design _! ornam5t ) v little ?\ght ab\t ! colors :i* !y propose to employ1 mak+ x an aft]-consid]ation2 b ! two ?+s %\ld be consid]$ syn*ron\sly = ! be/ f9al effect4 ,!re is a cryptic say+ t color is at "r angles to =m1 t is1 color is capable ( mak+ surfaces advance t[>d or rec$e f ! eye1 j z modell+ does2 & = ?is reason1 if color is us$1 a great deal ( modell+ may be disp5s$ )4 ,if a rec$+ color is us$ on a recess$ plane1 x deep5s t plane unduly2 :ile on ! o!r h& if a color :i* refuses to rec$e--l yell[ = example--is us$ :]e dep? is want$1 ! rec$+ plane & ! approa*+ color neutralize "o ano!r1 result+ 9 an effect ( flatness n int5d$4 ,! tyro %\ld n complicate 8 problem by comb9+ color ) high relief modell+1 br++ inevitably 9 ! elem5t ( light & %ade4 ,he %\ld leave t = old] h&s & conc]n himself r ) flat or ne>ly flat surfaces1 us+ 8 modell+ mu* z ! work] 9 cloisonn uses 8 little rims ( brass--to conf9e & def9e ea* color )9 its own allott$ area4 ,!n1 z he ga9s exp]i5ce1 he may gradually enri* 8 patt]n by ! addition ( ! elem5t ( light & %ade1 %\ld he s decide4 ,n[ z to c]ta9 g5]al consid]ations 9 relation to ! appropriate & logical use ( c]amics 9 ! con/ruction & adornm5t ( build+s1 ext]ior & int]ior4 ,9 our nor!rn latitudes c>e %\ld be tak5 t c]amics are n us$ 9 places & 9 ways :]e ! accumulation ( sn[ & ice r5d] ! jo9ts subject to alt]nate freez+ & ?aw+1 = 9 su* case1 unless ! jo9ts are protect$ ) metal1 ! units w "w loose 9 "t4 ,on v]tical surfaces su* protection is n necess>y2 ! use ( c]amics %\ld !re=e be conf9$ = ! mo/ "p to su* surfaces3 = friezes1 panels1 door & w9d[ ar*itraves1 & ! l4 ,:5 x is desirable = /hetic reasons to tie a s]ies ( w9d[s toge!r v]tically by means ( "s fill ( a mat]ial diff]5t f t ( ! body ( ! wall1 c]amics l5d !mselves admirably to ! purpose--bett] ?an wood1 :i* rots2 ?an iron1 :i* ru/s2 ?an bronze1 :i* turns black2 & ?an m>ble1 :i* soon loses its color & texture 9 expos$ situations ( ?is sort4 ,on ! int]ior ( build+s1 ! mo/ univ]sal use ( c]amics is1 ( c\rse1 = floors1 & ) ! non-slip devices ( v>i\s sorts :i* h come into ! m>ket1 !y are no less good = /airs4 ,!re is no?+ bett] = wa9scot+1 & 9 fact = any surface :atsoev] subject to soil & we>4 ,^! mat]ials comb9e p]man5t protection & p]man5t decoration4 ,b fir$ by ! zeal ( ! conv]t ! use ( c]amics may be ov]done4 ,"o easily recalls entire rooms ( ?is mat]ial1 floors1 walls1 ceil+s1 :i* are less successful ?an z ?\gh a v>iety ( mat]ials _h be5 employ$4 ,x is j su* v>iety--ea* mat]ial treat$ 9 a *>act]i/ic1 & !re=e diff]5t way--t gives *>m to s _m =eign *ur*es & ca!drals3 walls ( /one1 floors ( m>ble1 *oir-/alls ( c>v$ wood1 & rood-scre5 ( metal3 x is ! diff]5ce betwe5 an or*e/ra ( v>i\s in/rum5ts & a m&ol9 or*e/ra or a saxaphone sextette4 ,c]amics %\ld nev] invade ! doma9 ( ! pla/]]1 ! mural pa9t]1 ! cab9et mak]4 ,d n let u1 9 our zeal = c]amics1 be l ,bottom ! weav]1 eag] to play e "p4 ,c]amics h1 z reg>ds ar*itecture1 a di/9ct & honorable function4 ,?is function %\ld be recogniz$1 tak5 advantage (1 b nev] ov]pass$4 ,!y (f] opportunities l>ge b n limitless4 ,!y con/itute "o in/rum5t ( ! or*e/ra ( :i* ! ar*itect is ! conductor1 an in/rum5t beautiful 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]1 & d\bly beautiful 9 conc]t & contra/ ) ^? o!r mat]ials ^: h>moni\s ensemble makes t music 9 ?ree dim5sions3 ar*itectural art4 ,,symbols ,,& ,,sacram5ts ,ar*itecture is ! concrete pres5tm5t 9 space ( ! s\l ( a p4 ,if t s\l be petty & sordid--/irr$ l a *ild by little ?+s--no great ar*itecture is possible because great ar*itecture c image only greatness4 ,be=e any wor?y ar*itecture c arise 9 ! mod]n _w ! s\l mu/ be ar\s$4 ,! cannons ( ,europe are br++ ab\t ?is awak5+4 ,! _w--! _w ( ?\ght & emotion f :5ce fl[ acts & ev5ts--is no long] decrepit1 b l ,sw$5borg's angels x is advanc+ t[>d ! spr+tide ( its y\?3 d[n ! r++ grooves ( *ange we sweep into ! y\ng] day4 ,aft] ! w> we are likely to witness an art evolution :i* w n be re/rict$ to /atues & pictures & ins9c]e essays 9 dry-z-du/ ar*itectural /yles1 b "o :i* w p]meate ! :ole social fabric1 & make x palpitate ) ! rhy?m ( a y\ng]1 a m abundant life4 ,beauty & my/]y w aga9 make _! dwell+ among m52 ! ,voiceless w speak 9 music1 & ! ,=mless w sp9 rhy?mic patt]ns on ! loom ( space4 ,we %all seek & f9d a new language ( symbols to express ! joy ( ! s\l1 fre$ f ! ?rall ( an iron age ( mat]ialism1 & front+ ! unimag9able spl5dors ( ! spiritual life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,,symbol ,,( ,,resurrection ,= e /hetic awak5+ is ! result ( a spiritual awak5+ ( "s sort4 ,e great religi\s movem5t f\nd an art expression eloqu5t ( x4 ,:5 religion langui%$1 su* ?+s z ,v]sailles & ! ,p>is ,op]a ,h\se 7 possible1 b n su* ?+s z ! ,p>!non1 or ,notre ,dame4 ,! temples ( ,egypt 7 built = ! celebration ( ! rites ( ! religion ( ,egypt2 s also 9 ! case ( ,greece4 ,roman ar*itecture 0 m widely secul>1 b ,rome's noble/ monum5t1 ! ,pan!on1 0 a religi\s edifice4 ,! ,moors1 inflam$ ) religi\s ardor1 swept across ,europe1 blaz+ _! trail ) mosques & palaces conceiv$ seem+ly 9 "s ec/atic /ate ( dream4 ,! ,r5aissance1 ta9t$ ?\gh x 0 by worldl9ess1 f\nd /ill its inspiration 9 sacr$ !mes1 & record$ its beg9n+ & its end 9 two mighty religi\s monum5ts3 ,brunelles*i's & ,mi*ael ,angelo's domical *ur*es1 wr\ght 9 a sad s9c]ity by deeply religi\s m54 ,go?ic art is a synonym = m$iaeval ,*ri/ianity2 :ile 9 ! ,ori5t art is sc>cely secul> at all1 b a symbolical language fram$ & employ$ = ! expression ( spiritual ideas4 ,?is law1 t spirituality & n mat]ialism di/ils ! preci\s att> ( great art1 is p]man5tly true & p]5nially applicable1 = laws ( ?is ord] d n *ange f age to age1 h[ev] v>i\s _! manife/ation4 ,! inf]5ce is pla93 until we become a religi\s p great ar*itecture is f> f u4 ,we are becom+ religi\s 9 t broad s5se 9 :i* *ur*es & cre$s1 =ms & c]emonies1 play little "p4 ,ours is ! se>* ( ! he>t = some?+ great] ?an itself :i* is /ill itself2 x is ! religion ( bro!rhood1 ^: cre$ is love1 ^: ritual is s]vice4 ,?is trans=m$ & trans=m+ religion ( ! ,we/1 ! t>dy fruit ( ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 n[ secretly active 9 ! he>ts ( m51 w receive enri*m5t f _m s\rces4 ,sci5ce w reveal ! mann] 9 :i* ! _s weaves its sev5-fold veil ( illusion2 nature1 fre%ly s5s$1 w yield new symbols :i* art w organize into a language2 out ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! s\l w gr[ new rituals & obs]vances4 ,b "o preci\s t9cture ( ?is new religion our civilization & our pa/ _c supply2 x is ! h]itage ( ,asia1 *]i%$ 9 h] brood+ bosom = unc\nt$ c5turies1 until1 by ! op]ation ( ! law ( cycles1 ! "t %\ld come = ! giv+ ( x to ! ,we/4 ,?is secret is ,yoga1 ! me?od ( self-developm5t :]eby ! seek] = union is enabl$ to p]ceive ! %9+ ( ! ,inw>d ,light4 ,?is is a*iev$ by daily discipl9e 9 /ill+ ! m9d & direct+ ! consci\sness inw>d in/ead ( outw>d4 ,! ,self is )91 & ! m9d1 :i* is normally c5trifugal1 mu/ fir/ be arre/$1 controll$1 & !n turn$ back ^u itself1 & held ) p]fect /ead9ess4 ,all ?is is naively express$ 9 ! ,upani%ads 9 ! passage1 ,! ,self-exi/5t pi]c$ ! op5+s ( ! s5ses s t !y turn =w>d1 n backw>d into himself4 ,"s wise man1 h[ev]1 ) eyes clos$ & wi%+ = immortality1 saw ! ,self beh9d4 ,?is /ill+ ( ! m9d1 its subjugation & control :]eby x may be conc5trat$ on any?+ at w1 is p>ticul>ly h>d = p]sons ( our race & tra9+1 a race ! natural direction ( ^: consci\sness is /rongly outw>d1 a tra9+ 9 :i* ! practice ( introspective m$itation f9ds no place4 ,yoga--t union :i* br+s inw>d vision1 ! contribution ( ! ,ea/ to ! spiritual life ( ! ,we/--w br+ pr(\nd *anges into ! art ( ! ,we/1 s9ce art spr+s f consci\sness4 ,! consci\sness ( ! ,we/ n[ conc]ns itself ) ! visible _w almo/ exclusively1 & ,we/]n art is !re=e *>act]iz$ by an almo/ slavi% fidelity to ! ephem]al appe>ances ( ?+s--! record ( p>ticul> moods & mom5ts4 ,! consci\sness ( ! ,ea/ on ! o!r h&1 is subjective1 introspective4 ,its art accord+ly conc]ns itself ) et]nal aspects1 ) a _w ( ar*etypal ideas 9 :i* ?+s exi/ n = _! own sake1 b z symbols ( sup]nal ?+s4 ,! ,ori5tal arti/ avoids z f> z possible trivial & individual rhy?ms1 seek+ always ! fundam5tal rhy?m ( ! l>g]1 deep] life4 ,n[ ?is quality s e>ne/ly s\ght & s highly priz$ 9 ,ori5tal art1 is ! v ?+ :i* our art & our ar*itecture mo/ conspicu\sly lack4 ,to ! eye s5sitive to rhy?m1 our essays 9 ^! fields appe> awkw>d & unconv9c+1 lack+ a c]ta9 inevitability4 ,we mu/ re/ore to art t fir/ great canon ( ,*9ese /hetics1 ,rhy?mic vitality1 or ! life movem5t ( ! _s ?r\gh ! rhy?m ( ?+s4 ,x _c be int]ject$ f ! outside1 b mu/ be inw>dly realiz$ by ! /ill+ ( ! m9d above describ$4 ,art _c disp5se ) symbolism2 z ! lett]s on ?is page convey ?\ghts to ! m9d1 s d ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 organiz$ into a language ( symbols1 speak to ! s\l ?r\gh art4 ,b 9 ! build+ ( our t[]s ( ,babel1 aga9 mank9d is /rick5 ) a confusion ( tongues4 ,art has no common language2 its symbols are no long] valid1 or are no long] und]/ood4 ,?is is a condition = :i* mat]ialism has no rem$y1 = ! reason t mat]ialism sees always ! patt]n b nev] t :i* ! patt]n repres5ts4 ,we mu/ become spiritually illum9$ be=e we c read nature truly1 & re-create1 f su* a read+1 fre% & univ]sal symbols = art4 ,?is is a task beyond ! p[] ( our sad g5]ation1 en*a9$ by negative ?9k+1 ov]%ad[$ by w>1 b we c at lea/ glimpse ! nature ( ! reaction betwe5 ! my/ic consci\sness & ! ?+s ( ?is _w :i* w produce a new language ( symbols4 ,! my/ic consci\sness looks ^u nature z an arras embroid]$ ov] ) symbols ( ! ?+s x conceals f view4 ,we are ourselves symbols1 dwell+ 9 a _w ( symbols--a _w _m times remov$ f t ultimate reality to :i* all ?+s be> figurative witness2 ! commone/ ?+ has yet "s my/ic mean+1 & ugl9ess & vulg>ity exi/ only 9 ! unillum9$ m9d4 ,:at my/ic mean+1 x may be ask$1 is conta9$ 9 su* ?+s z a brick1 a h\se1 a hat1 a pair ( %oes8 ,a brick is ! ultimate atom ( a build+2 a h\se is ! l>g] body :i* man makes = 8 uses1 j z ! ,self has built its habitation ( fle% & bones2 hat & %oes are felt & lea!r insulators ) :i* we seek to cut ourselves (f f ! curr5ts :i* fl[ ?r\gh e>? & air f ,god4 ,x may be object$ t ^! answ]s only sub/itute = ! less] symbol a great]1 b ?is is inevitable3 if = ! great] symbol 7 nam$ "o /ill m ab/ract & inclusive1 ! ultimate v]ity w\ld be z f> f affirmation z be=e4 ,!re is no?+ ( :i* ! human m9d c conceive t is n a symbol ( some?+ great] & high] ?an itself4 ,! diction>y def9es a symbol z some?+ t /&s = some?+ else & s]ves to repres5t x1 or to br+ to m9d "o or m ( its qualities4 ,n[ ?is _w is a reflection ( a high] _w1 & t ( a high] _w /ill1 & s on4 ,accord+ly1 ev]y?+ is a symbol ( some?+ high]1 s9ce by reflect+1 x /&s =1 & s]ves to repres5t x1 & ! ?+ symboliz$1 be+ itself a reflection1 is1 by ! same tok51 itself a symbol4 ,by reit]at$ repetitions ( ?is reflect+ process ?r\gh\t ! numb]less planes & sub-planes ( nature1 ea* ?+ becomes a symbol1 n ( "o ?+ only1 b ( _m ?+s1 all intimately correlat$1 & ?is gives rise to ^? und]ly+ analogies1 ^? secret subt]ranean passages betwe5 matt] & s\l :i* h ev] be5 ! especial preoccupation ( ! poet & ! my/ic1 b :i* may "o day become ! subject ( s]i\s exam9ation by sci5tific m54 ,let u briefly pass 9 review ! v>i\s t]ms ( su* an asc5d+ s]ies ( symbols3 memb]s ( "o family1 !y might be call$1 s9ce !y foll[ a s+le l9e ( desc5t4 ,take gold3 z a ?+ 9 itself1 )\t any symbolical significance1 x is a metallic elem5t1 hav+ a *>act]i/ic yell[ color1 v heavy1 v s(t1 ! mo/ ductile1 malleable1 & inde/ructible ( metals4 ,9 its m9t$ =m x is ! life =ce ( ! body economic1 s9ce on its abundance & free circulation ! well-be+ ( t body dep5ds2 x is t = :i* all m5 /rive & cont5d1 because )\t x !y _c com=tably live4 ,?is1 !n1 is gold 9 its fir/ & l[e/ symbolical aspect3 a life pr9ciple1 a motive =ce 9 human affairs4 ,b x is n gold :i* has ga9$ = man 8 lord%ip ov] nature2 x is fire1 ! yell[ gold1 n ( ! e>?1 b ( ! air1--cities & civilizations1 arts & indu/ries1 h ev] foll[$ ! camp fire ( ! pione]4 ,sunlight comes next 9 sequ5ce--sunlight1 :i* focuss$ 9 a burn+ glass1 spontane\sly produces flame4 ,! _w subsi/s on sunlight2 all animate creation gr[s by x1 & langui%es )\t x1 z ! prosp]ity ( cities waxes or wanes ) ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( a supply ( gold4 ,! magnetic =ce ( ! sun1 specializ$ z prana 7:i* is n ! brea? :i* goes up & ! brea? :i* goes d[n1 b t o!r1 9 :i* ! two repose71 fulfils ! same function 9 ! human body z does gold 9 civilization1 sunlight 9 nature3 its abundance makes = heal?1 its meagr5ess = en]vation4 ,high] ?an prana is ! m9d1 t gold5 sceptre ( man's dom9ion1 ! ,prome!an gift ( fire ) :i* he m5aces ! empire ( ! gods4 ,high] /ill1 9 ! s\l1 love is ! motive =ce1 ! conqu]or3 a he>t ( gold is "o w>m$ & light$ by love4 ,/ill o!r is ! desire ( ! _s1 :i* no human affection satisfies1 b tru? only1 ! ,gold5 ,p]son1 ! ,light ( ! ,_w1 ! v ,godhead itself4 ,?us !re is e>?y1 airy1 e!ric gold2 gold z intellect1 gold z love1 gold z tru?2 f ! curse ( ! _w1 ! cause ( a ?\s& crimes1 !re asc5ds a ,jacob's ,ladd] ( symbols to div9ity itself1 :]eby m5 may le>n t ,god works by sacrifice3 t ,8 univ]se is itself ,8 brok5 body4 ,z gold 9 ! purse1 fire on ! =ge1 sunlight = ! eyes1 brea? 9 ! body1 k 9 ! m9d1 love 9 ! he>t1 & wisdom 9 ! und]/&+1 ,he draws all m5 unto ,him1 tea*+ !m ! wise use ( weal?1 ! ma/]y ov] nature1 ! c>e ( ! body1 ! cultivation ( ! m9d1 ! love ( wife & *ild & neighb\r1 &1 la/ lesson ( all1 ,he tea*es !m t 9 indu/ry1 9 sci5ce1 9 art1 9 sympa?y & und]/&+1 ,he x is !y are all ! :ile kn[+1 lov+1 becom+2 & t ev5 :5 !y flee ,him1 ,8 are ! w+s-- ,:5 me !y fly1 ,i am ! w+s4 ,?is attempt to def9e gold z a symbol ends ) ! indication ( an ubiquit\s & imman5t div9ity 9 ev]y?+4 ,?us x is always3 9 attempt+ to dislodge a s+le v\ssoir f ! ar* ( tru?1 ! temple itself is %ak51 s cunn+ly are ! /ones fitt$ toge!r4 ,all roads lead to ,rome1 & e symbol is a key to ! ,great ,my/]y3 = example1 read 9 ! light ( ^! correspond5ces1 ! al*emi/'s transmutation ( base metals into gold1 is se5 to be ! sublimation ( man's l[] nature into t highe/ gold5 %ea?1 :i* is ,brahman4 ,keep+ ! fir/ sequ5ce cle>ly 9 m9d1 let u n[ attempt to trace ano!r1 p>allel to x3 ! fem99e ( :i* ! fir/ may be consid]$ ! correspond+ mascul9e4 ,silv] is a :ite1 ductile metallic elem5t4 ,9 co9age x is ! synonym = ready ca%1--gold 9 ! bank is silv] 9 ! pocket2 h5ce1 9 a s5se1 silv] is ! reflection1 or ! second p[] ( gold4 ,j z ruddy gold is correlat$ ) fire1 s is pale silv] ) wat]2 & z fire is affiliat$ ) ! sun1 s d ! wat]s ( ! e>? foll[ ! moon 9 h] c\rses4 ,! gold5 sun1 ! silv] moon3 ^! commonly employ$ descriptive adjectives !mselves supply ! correlation we are seek+2 ano!r indication ( its validity lies 9 ! fact t "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( wat] is its p[] ( reflect+2 t moonlight is reflect$ sunlight4 ,if gold is ! m9d1 silv] is ! body1 9 :i* ! m9d is imag$1 objectifi$2 if gold is flamelike love1 silv] is brood+ affection2 & 9 ! highe/ regions ( consci\sness1 beauty is ! fem99e or =m side ( tru?--its silv] mirror4 ,!re are two =ces 9 ! _w1 "o ( projection1 ! o!r ( recall2 two /ates1 activity & re/4 ,nature1 ) tireless +5uity1 ev]y:]e publi%es ?is fact3 9 bur/+ bud & fall+ se$1 9 ! updrawn wat]s & ! desc5d+ ra92 ?r[ a /one into ! air1 & :5 ! impulse is exhau/$1 gravity br+s x to e>? aga94 ,9 civiliz$ society ^! c5trifugal & c5tripetal =ces f9d expression 9 ! an>*ic & radical _s :i* breaks d[n & re-=ms exi/+ in/itutions1 & 9 ! cons]vative _s :i* pres]ves & upbuilds by gradual accretion2 !y are analog\s to igne\s & to aque\s action 9 ! =mation & upbuild+ ( ! e>? itself1 & f9d _! prototype aga9 9 man & woman3 man1 ! w>rior1 :o prevails by ! active ex]cise ( 8 p[]s1 & woman1 ! treasury ( ! cont9u$ race1 :o conqu]s by cont9ual quietness4 ,man & woman symbolize =ces c5trifugal & c5tripetal n alone 9 _! inn] nature1 & 9 ! social & economic functions peculi> to ea*1 b 9 _! physical aspects & peculi>ities z well1 = man is small ( flank & broad ( %\ld]1 ) relatively l>ge extremities1 i4e41 c5trifugal3 :ile woman is =m$ ) broad hips1 n>r[ %\ld]s1 & small feet & h&s1 i4e41 c5tripetal4 ,woman's in/9ctive & unconsci\s ge/ures are t[>ds h]self1 man's are away f himself4 ,! physiologi/ might hold t ! anatomical diff]5ces betwe5 ! sexes result f _! diff]5ce 9 function 9 ! reproduction & cons]vation ( ! race1 & ?is is a true view1 b ! less] tru? ne$ n necess>ily exclude ! great]4 ,z ,*e/]ton says1 ,some?+ 9 ! evil _s ( our "t =ces p always to pret5d to h f\nd "s mat]ial & me*anical explanation4 ,su* w\ld h u believe1 ) ,s*op5hau] & ,b]n>d ,%aw1 t ! lov]'s delight 9 ! beauty ( 8 mi/ress dwells solely 9 8 in/9ctive p]ception ( h] fitness to be ! "m ( 8 *ild4 ,?is is und\bt$ly a factor 9 ! glam\r woman ca/s on man1 b !re are o!r factors too1 high] z well z l[]1 correspond+ to diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( our manifold nature4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re is m]e physical attraction3 to ! man physical1 woman is a cup ( delight2 next1 !re is emotional love1 :]eby woman appeals ?r\gh h] ne$ ( protection1 h] p[] ( t5d]ness2 on ! m5tal plane %e is man's intellectual companion1 8 mascul9e reason w\ld supplem5t itself ) h] fem99e intuition2 he recognizes 9 h] an objectification1 9 "s sort1 ( 8 own s\l1 8 _s's bride1 pr$e/9$ ?r\gh\t ! ages2 :ile ! god )9 him p]ceives h] to be t portion ( himself :i* he put =? be=e ! _w 01 to be ! "m1 n alone ( human *ildr51 b ( all ^? myriad =ms1 )9 :i* ent]+1 z 9 a %ea?1 a knife1 he becomes ! ,enjoy]1 & realizes1 vividly & concretely1 8 bliss1 8 wisdom1 & 8 p[]4 ,adam & ,eve1 & ! tree 9 ! mid/ ( ! g>d56 ,aft] man & woman1 a tree is p]haps ! mo/ significant symbol 9 ! _w3 e tree is ! ,tree ( ,life 9 ! s5se t x is a repres5tation ( univ]sal becom+4 ,to say t all ?+s h = _! "m prakriti1 undiff]5tiat$ sub/ance1 & = _! fa!r puru%a1 ! creative fire1 is vague & metaphysical1 & conveys little mean+ to our image-br$1 image-f$ m9ds2 on ! physical plane we c only le>n ^! transc5d5tal tru?s by means ( symbols1 & s to ea* ( u is giv5 a human fa!r & a human "m f ^: relation to "o ano!r & to oneself may be le>n$ our relation to nature1 ! univ]sal "m1 & to t immortal _s :i* is ! fa!r ( u all4 ,we are giv51 moreov]1 ! symbol ( ! tree1 :i*1 root$ 9 ! e>?1 its "m1 & n\ri%$ by h] juices1 /rives ev] upw>d t[>ds its fa!r1 ! sun4 ,! ma!matician may be able to demon/rate1 z a result ( a lifetime ( h>d ?9k+1 t unity & inf9ity are b two aspects ( "o ?+2 ?is is n cle> to ord9>y m9ds1 b made concrete 9 ! tree--unity 9 ! trunk1 inf9ity 9 ! foliage--any "o is able to und]/& x4 ,we p]ceive t all ?+s gr[ z a tree gr[s1 f unity to multiplicity1 f simplicity & /r5g? to beauty & f95ess4 ,! g5]ation ( ! l9e f ! po9t1 ! plane f ! l9e1 & f ! plane1 ! solid1 is a matt]1 aga91 :i* *iefly int]e/s ! geometrician1 b ! inevitable sequ5ce /&s reveal$ 9 se$1 /em1 leaf1 & fruit3 a po9t1 a l9e1 a surface1 & a sph]e4 ,!re is ano!r ord] ( tru?s1 also1 :i* a tree tea*es3 ! r5ewal ( its life ea* ye> is a symbol ( ! re9c>nation ( ! s\l1 tea*+ t life is nev]-end+ climax1 & t :at appe>s to be cessation is m]ely a *ange ( /ate4 ,a tree gr[s great by be+ firmly root$2 we too1 ?\gh *ildr5 ( ! air1 ne$ ! e>?1 & gr[ by good de$s1 hidd51 l ! roots ( ! tree1 out ( sight2 = ! tree1 ra9 & sun%9e3 = ! s\l1 te>s & laught] ?rill ! imprison$ _s into consci\s life4 ,we love & und]/& ! trees because we h ourselves pass$ ?r\gh _! evolution1 & !y survive 9 u /ill1 = ! art]ial & n]v\s sy/ems are trees1 ! roots ( "o 9 ! he>t1 ( ! o!r 9 ! bra94 ,has n our body its trunk1 be>+ al(t ! head1 l a fl[]3 a cup to hold ! preci\s juices ( ! bra98 ,has n t trunk its tap]+ limbs :i* ramify into h&s & feet1 & ^! into f+]s & toes1 aft] ! mann] ( ! twigs & bran*es ( a tree8 ,closely relat$ to symbolism is sacram5talism2 ! man :o sees nature z a book ( symbols is likely to reg>d life z a sacram5t4 ,because ?is is a po9t ( view vitaliz+ to art let u glance at ! sacram5tal life1 divorc$ f ! =ms & obs]vances ( any specific religion4 ,?is life consi/s 9 ! habitual p]ception ( an ult]ior mean+1 a hidd5 beauty & significance 9 ! objects1 acts1 & ev5ts ( e day4 ,?\gh b9d+ u to a s5su\s exi/5ce1 ^! nev]!less conta9 )9 !mselves ! p[] ( emancipat+ u f x3 ov] & above _! imm$iate use1 _! pleasure or _! pr(it1 !y h a hidd5 mean+ :i* conta9s "s heal+ message = ! s\l4 ,a classic example ( a sacram5t1 n alone 9 ! ord9>y mean+ ( ! t]m1 b 9 ! special s5se above def9$1 is ! ,holy ,communion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,its orig9 is a matt] ( common k4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! night 9 :i* ,he 0 betray$1 ,jesus & ,8 disciples 7 ga!r$ toge!r = ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,aw>e ( ,8 imp5d+ betrayal1 & desir\s ( impress+ p[]fully ^u ,8 *os5 foll[]s ! nature & purpose ( ,8 sacrifice1 ,jesus orda9$ a sacram5t out ( ! simple mat]ials ( ! repa/4 ,he took bread & broke x1 & gave to ea* a piece z ! symbol ( ,8 brok5 body2 & to ea* ,he pass$ a cup ( w9e1 z a symbol ( ,8 p\r$-out blood4 ,9 ?is act1 z 9 ! wa%+ ( ! disciples' feet on ! same occasion1 ,he made ,8 m9i/rations to ! ne$s ( m5's bodies an allegory ( ,8 great] m9i/ration to ! ne$s ( _! s\ls4 ,! sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp] is ( su* beauty & p[] t x has p]si/$ ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,x lacks1 h[ev]1 ! elem5t ( univ]sality--at lea/ by o!r ?an ,*ri/ians its univ]sality w\ld be d5i$4 ,let u seek1 !re=e "s all-embrac+ symbol to illu/rate ! sacram5tal view ( life4 ,p]haps m>riage is su* a symbol4 ,! public av[al ( love betwe5 a man & woman1 _! mutual assumption ( ! att5dant privileges1 duties & responsibilities are matt]s s pregnant ) consequ5ces to !m & to ! race t by all "r-?9k+ p m>riage is reg>d$ z a high & holy ?+2 its sacram5tal "* is felt & ackn[l$g$ ev5 by ^? :o w\ld be puzzl$ to tell ! reason :y4 ,! reason is involv$ 9 ! answ] to ! "q1 ,( :at is m>riage a symbol8 ,! mo/ obvi\s answ]1 & d\btless ! be/ "o1 is f\nd 9 ! well kn[n & mu* abus$ doctr9e1 common to e religion1 ( ! spiritual m>riage betwe5 ,god & ! s\l4 ,:at ,*ri/ians call ! ,my/ic ,way1 & ,buddhi/s ! ,pa? comprises ^? *anges 9 consci\sness ?r\gh :i* e s\l passes on its way to p]fection4 ,:5 ! p]sonal life is conceiv$ ( z an allegory ( ?is inn]1 int5se1 sup]-mundane life1 x assumes a sacram5tal "*4 ,) /range unanimity1 foll[]s ( ! ,my/ic ,way h giv5 ! "n ( m>riage to t memorable exp]i5ce 9 ! flight ( ! ,alone to ! ,alone1 :5 ! s\l1 aft] trials & purgations1 ent]s into indissoluble union ) ! _s1 t div9e1 creative pr9ciple :]eby x is made fruitful = ?is _w4 ,m>riage1 !n1 h[ev] de> & close ! union1 is ! symbol ( a union de>] & clos]1 = x is ! fair prophecy t on "s high] arc ( ! evolution>y spiral1 ! s\l w meet its immortal lov] & be initiat$ into div9e my/]ies4 ,z an example ( ! p[] ( symbols to induce ^? *anges ( consci\sness :]eby ! s\l is prep>$ = ?is union1 x is record$ t an em95t sci5ti/ 0 mov$ to alt] 8 entire mode ( life on reflect+1 :ile 9 8 ba? "o morn+1 t ?\gh ea* day he 0 at su* pa9s to make clean 8 body1 he made no simil> purgation ( 8 m9d & he>t4 ,! idea appeal$ to him s pr(\ndly t he began to practise ! high] cleanl9ess f t day =?4 ,if x be true1 z has be5 said1 t ord9>y life 9 ! _w is a tra9+ s*ool = a life m real & m sublime1 !n ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to life 9 ! _w mu/ possess a sacram5tal "*1 & possess x inh]5tly1 & n m]ely by imputation4 ,let u discov]1 !n1 if we c1 "s ( ! l>g] mean+s lat5t 9 little ?+s4 ,:5 at ! end ( a cl\dy day ! sun bur/s =? 9 spl5dor & sets r$ 9 ! we/1 x is a sign to ! wea!r-wise t ! next day w be fair4 ,to ! devotee ( ! sacram5tal life x holds a ri*] promise4 ,to him ! sun is a symbol ( ! love ( ,god2 ! cl\ds1 ^? worldly preoccupations ( 8 own :i* hide its face f him4 ,?is purely physical ph5om5on1 !re=e1 :i* br+s to mo/ m5 a sc>cely notic$ augm5tation ( heat & light1 & an indication ( fair wea!r on ! morr[1 induces 9 ! my/ic an ineffable s5se ( div9e imman5ce & b5efic5ce1 & an assurance ( _! cont9uance beyond ! d>k night ( ! dea? ( ! body4 ,:5 ! sacram5tali/ goes swimm+ 9 ! sea he enjoys to ! full ! att5dant physical exhil>ation1 b a great] joy fl[s f ! ?\ght t he is back ) 8 great ,sea-,"m--t fem99e pr9ciple ( :i* ! sea is ! p]fect symbol1 s9ce wat] br+s all ?+s to bir? & nurtures !m4 ,:5 at ! end ( a day he lays aside 8 clo!s--t two-dim5sional %ea? ( ! ?ree-dim5sional body--x is 9 full assurance t 8 body 9 turn w be ab&on$ by ! inw>dly retreat+ consci\sness1 & t he w range :]ev] he wills dur+ ! h\rs ( sleep1 clo!d 9 8 subtle f\r-dim5sional body1 relat$ to ! physical body z t is relat$ to ! clo!s x we>s4 ,to e s9c]e seek] nature reveals h] secrets1 b s9ce m5 diff] 9 _! curiosities %e reveals diff]5t ?+s to diff]5t m54 ,all are rew>d$ = _! devotion 9 accordance ) _! int]e/s & desires1 b woman-l1 nature reveals h]self mo/ fully to him :o wor%ips n ! fair =m ( h]1 b h] s\l4 ,?is favor$ lov] is ! my/ic2 = ev] seek+ in/ruction 9 ?+s spiritual1 he p]ceives 9 nature an allegory ( ! s\l1 & int]prets h] symbols 9 t]ms ( ! sacram5tal life4 ,! brook1 pursu+ its tortu\s & /ony pa?way 9 untir+ ef=t to rea* its gravitational c5tre1 is a symbol ( ! ,pilgrim's progress1 impell$ by love to seek ,god )9 8 he>t4 ,! mode/ daisy by ! roadside1 & ! wanton sunfl[] 9 ! g>d5 alike seek to image ! sun1 ! god ( _! wor%ip1 a core ( se$s & fr+e ( petals repres5t+ _! be/ ef=t to mimic ! flam+ disc & f>-flung corona ( ! sun4 ,man seeks less ard5tly1 & s m ineffectively 9 8 w & imag9ation to image ,god4 ,9 ! rev]5t /udy ( insect & animal life we ga9 "s h9t ( :at we h be5 & :at we may become--some?+ correspond+ to ! grub1 a burr[+ ?+2 to ! cat]pill>1 a crawl+ ?+2 & f9ally to ! butt]fly1 a radiant w+$ creature4 ,aft] ?is fa%ion !n does he :o has embrac$ ! sacram5tal life come to p]ceive 9 ! s5su\s manifold ( nature1 t "o div9e ,reality :i* ev] seeks to in/ruct him 9 sup]mundane wisdom1 & to woo him to sup]human bless$ness & peace4 ,9 "t1 ?is read+ ( e>? 9 t]ms ( heav51 becomes a settl$ habit4 ,!n1 9 ,em]son's phrase1 he has hit*$ 8 wagon to a />1 & *ang$ 8 groc]'s c>t into a *>iot ( ! sun4 ,! read] may p]haps fail to p]ceive ! be>+ ( ?is long discussion ( symbols & sacram5ts ^u ! subject ( art & ar*itecture1 b 9 ! m9d ( ! au?or ! correlation is pla94 ,!re c be no great art )\t religion3 religion beg9s 9 consci\sness z a my/ic exp]i5ce1 x fl[s !nce into symbols & sacram5ts1 & ^! 9 turn are precipitat$ by ! arti/ into pond]able =ms ( beauty4 ,unless ! arti/ himself p>ticipates 9 ?is my/ic exp]i5ce1 life's deep] mean+s w escape him1 & ! "w ( 8 h&s w h no special significance4 ,until x c be said ( e arti/ ,himself f ,god he c\ld n free1 !re w be no art wor?y ( ! "n4 ,,self-,,education#a ,i take great pleasure 9 avail+ myself ( ?is opportunity to speak to y on c]ta9 aspects ( ! art :i* we practise4 ,i _c =get1 & ,i hope t y suffici5tly rememb]1 t ! ar*itectural future ( ?is c\ntry lies 9 ! h&s ( j su* m5 z y4 ,let me dwell !n = a mom5t on y\r unique opportunity4 ,p]haps "s ( y h tak5 up ar*itecture z y might h gone into trade1 or manufactur+1 or any ( ! useful pr(essions2 9 t case y h probably already le>n$ discrim9ation1 & n[ realize t 9 ! cutt+ ( ! cake ( human occupations y h drawn ! piece :i* conta9s ! r+ ( gold4 ,! cake is ! bus9ess & utilit>ian side ( life1 ! r+ ( gold is ! /hetic1 ! creative side3 treasure x1 = x is a preci\s & endur+ ?+4 ,?9k :at y\r "w is3 to reassemble mat]ials 9 su* fa%ion t !y become in/9ct ) a beauty & eloqu5t ) a mean+ :i* may c>ry inspiration & delight to g5]ations /ill unborn4 ,immortality haunts y\r ?re%old1 ev5 ?\gh y\r h& may n be /rong en\gh to op5 to ! heav5ly visitor4 ,?\gh ! pr(ession ( ar*itecture is a noble "o 9 any c\ntry & 9 any age1 x is p>ticul>ly ri* 9 inspiration & 9 opportunity "h & n[1 = :o c d\bt t we are ab\t to ent] ^u a great build+ p]iod8 ,we h :at ,mr4 ,sullivan calls ! ne$ & ! p[] to build1 ! _s ( great art alone is lack+1 & t is already /irr+ 9 ! secret he>ts ( m51 & w soon] or lat] f9d expression 9 objective & pond]able =ms ( new beauty4 ,^! x is y\r privilege to create4 ,may ! opportunity f9d y ready6 ,!re is a say+1 ,to be "y1 to be 9 love1 to be 9 ,italy6 ,i w\ld p>aphrase x ?us3 ,to be "y1 to be 9 ar*itecture1 to be 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is my purpose tonight to outl9e a s*eme ( self-education1 :i* if consi/5tly foll[$ out ,i am sure w help y1 ?\gh ,i am aw>e t to a c]ta9 ord] ( m9d x w seem highly my/ical & impractical4 ,if x comm5ds itself to y\r favor ,i %all be glad4 ,_m ( y w h _h ! advantage ( a ?or\gh te*nical tra9+ 9 y\r *os5 pr(ession3 be grateful = x4 ,o!rs1 l ,topsy1 j gr[$--or h j fail$ to gr[4 ,= ! solace ( all su*1 )\t wi%+ to be und]/ood to disp>age ar*itectural s*ool+1 ,i w\ld say t !re is a k9d ( education :i* is worse ?an none1 = by fill+ 8 m9d ) ready-made ideas x prev5ts a man f ev] le>n+ to ?9k = himself2 & !re is ano!r k9d :i* tea*es him to ?9k1 inde$1 b accord+ to "s arbitr>y me?od1 s t 8 m9d becomes a canal in/ead ( a riv]1 fl[+ 9 a pr$et]m9$ & artificial *annel1 & unrepl5i%$ by ! hidd5 spr+s ( ! _s4 ,! be/ education c d no m ?an to br+ into manife/ation t :i* is inh]5t2 x does ?is by means ( "s /imulus f )\t--f books & ma/]s--b ! /imulus may equally come f )93 ea* c develop 8 own m9d1 & 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! alt]nation betwe5 a /ate ( activity & a /ate ( passivity1 :i* is a law ( our physical be+1 z x is a law ( all nature1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! action ( ! m9d z well3 obs]vation & m$itation are ! two poles ( ?\ght4 ,! t5d5cy ( mod]n life & ( our active ,am]ican temp]am5t is t[>ds a too exclusive function+ ( ! m9d 9 its outgo+ /ate1 & ?is results 9 a great clev]ness & a great %all[ness4 ,x is only 9 mom5ts ( quiet m$itation t ! great syn!tic1 fundam5tal tru?s reveal !mselves4 ,obs]ve ceaselessly1 weigh1 judge1 criticize--?is ord] ( intellectual activity is important & valuable--b ! m9d mu/ be /eadi$ & /r5g!n$ by ano!r & a diff]5t process4 ,! p[] ( att5tion1 ! ability to conc5trate1 is ! measure ( m5tal effici5cy2 & ?is p[] may be develop$ by a tra9+ exactly analog\s to t by :i* a muscle is develop$1 = m9d & muscle are alike ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,sil5t ,?9k] :o sits beh9d4 ,! m9d an in/rum5t ( some?+ high] ?an ! m9d3 "h is a tru? s f]tile t 9 ! language ( ,ori5tal imag]y1 ,if y 7 to tell ?is to a dry /ick1 bran*es w\ld gr[1 & leaves spr\t f x4 ,!re is no?+ orig9al 9 ! me?od ( m5tal developm5t "h indicat$2 x has be5 kn[n & practis$ = c5turies 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e life is less /r5u\s ?an x is ) u4 ,! me?od consi/s 9 sil5t m$itation e day at /at$ p]iods1 dur+ :i* ! attempt is made to hold ! m9d to ! contemplation ( a s+le image or idea1 br++ ! att5tion back :5ev] x w&]s1 kill+ ea* irrelevant ?\ght z x arises1 z "o might kill a rat com+ out ( a hole4 ,?is turn+ ( ! m9d back on itself is difficult1 b ,i "k ( no?+ t pays s well1 & ,i h nev] f\nd any "o :o consci5ti\sly practis$ x :o did n confirm ?is view4 ,! po9t is1 t if a man acquires ! ability to conc5trate on "o ?+1 he c conc5trate on any?+2 he increases 8 compet5ce on ! m5tal plane 9 ! same mann] t pull+ *e/-weights increases 8 compet5ce on ! physical4 ,! practice ( m$itation has moreov] an ult]ior z well z an imm$iate advantage1 & t is ! reason x is practis$ by ! ,yogis ( ,india4 ,!y believe t by /ill+ ! m9d1 :i* is l a lake reflect+ ! sky1 ! ,high] ,self communicates a k ( ,itself to ! l[] consci\sness4 ,)\t ! work+ ( ?is ,ov]s\l 9 & ?r\gh u we c nev] hope to produce an ar*itecture :i* %all rank ) ! great ar*itectures ( ! pa/1 = 9 ,egypt1 9 ,greece1 9 m$iaeval ,france1 z 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 my/icism made = itself a language m eloqu5t ?an any 9 :i* ! purely rational consci\sness ( man has ev] spok54 ,we are apt to ov]e/imate ! importance ( books & book le>n+4 ,?9k h[ small a "p books h play$ 9 ! developm5t ( ar*itecture2 inde$1 ,palladio & ,vignola1 ) _! h>d & fa/ =mul h done ! art m h>m ?an good4 ,x is a fallacy t read+ /r5g!ns ! m9d--x en]vates x2 read+ sometimes /imulates ! m9d to orig9al ?9k+1 & ?is develops x1 b read+ itself is a passive ex]cise1 because ! ?\ght ( ! read] is = ! "t be+ 9 abeyance 9 ord] t ! ?\ght ( ! writ] may ent]4 ,mu* read+ impairs ! p[] to ?9k orig9ally & consecutively4 ,few ( ! great creators ( ! _w h _h use = books1 & if y aspire to be 9 _! class y w avoid ! spawn ( ! press4 ,! be/ plan is to read only great books1 & hav+ read = five m9utes1 ?9k ab\t :at y h read = t54 ,^! ex]cises1 fai?fully foll[$ out1 w make y\r m9d a fit vehicle = ! expression ( y\r idea1 b ! advice ,i h giv5 is z p]t95t to any "o :o uses 8 m9d z x is to ! ar*itect4 ,to :at1 specifically1 %\ld ! ar*itectural /ud5t devote 8 att5tion 9 ord] to improve ! quality ( 8 "w8 ,my own answ] w\ld be t he %\ld devote himself to ! /udy ( music1 ( ! human figure1 & to ! /udy ( ,nature--fir/1 la/1 mid/1 & )\t end4 ,! correlation betwe5 music & ar*itecture is no new ?\ght2 x is impli$ 9 ! fam\s say+ t ar*itecture is froz5 music4 ,vitruvius consid]$ a k ( music to be a qualification ( ! ar*itect ( 8 day1 & if x 0 desirable !n x is no less s n[4 ,!re is bo? a metaphysical reason & a practical "o :y ?is is s4 ,walt] ,pat]1 9 a fam\s phrase1 decl>$ t all art con/antly aspires to ! condition ( music1 by :i* he meant to imply t !re is a c]ta9 rhy?m & h>mony at ! root ( e art1 ( :i* music is ! p]fect & pure expression2 t 9 music ! means & ! end are "o & ! same4 ,?is co9cides ) ,s*op5hau]'s !ory ab\t music1 t x is ! mo/ p]fect & uncondition$ s5su\s pres5tm5t kn[n to u ( t undy+ w-to-live :i* con/itutes life & ! _w4 ,metaphysics aside1 ! ar*itect ought to he> z mu* good music z he c1 & le>n ! rudim5ts ( h>mony1 at lea/ to ! ext5t ( kn[+ ! simple num]ical ratios :i* gov]n ! pr9cipal consonant int]vals )9 ! octave1 s t1 translat+ ^! ratios into int]vals ( space express$ 9 t]ms ( l5g? & bread?1 height1 & wid?1 8 "w w aspire to ! condition ( music4 ,!re is a metaphysical reason1 too1 z well z a practical "o1 :y an ar*itect %\ld "k ! human figure4 ,c>lyle says1 ,!re is b "o temple 9 ! _w1 & t is ! body ( man4 ,if ! body is1 z he decl>es1 a temple1 x is no less true t a temple1 or any "w ( ar*itectural art is 9 ! nature ( an ampl] body :i* man has creat$ = 8 uses1 & :i* he inhabits1 j z ! individual consci\sness builds & inhabits its fle%ly /ronghold4 ,?is may seem a highly my/ical idea1 b ! correlation betwe5 ! h\se & its inhabitant1 & ! body & its consci\sness is ev]y:]e close1 & is susceptible ( inf9ite elaboration4 ,ar*itectural beauty1 l human beauty1 dep5ds ^u a prop] subord9ation ( p>ts to ! :ole1 a h>moni\s int]relation betwe5 ^! p>ts1 ! expressiv5ess ( ea* ( its functions1 & :5 ^! are _m & div]se1 _! reconcilem5t "o ) ano!r4 ,?is be+ s1 a /udy ( ! human figure ) a view to analyz+ ! s\rces ( its beauty _c fail to be pr(itable to ! ar*itectural design]4 ,pursu$ intellig5tly1 su* /udy w /imulate ! m9d to a p]ception ( ^? simple yet subtle laws accord+ to :i* nature ev]y:]e works1 & x w educate ! eye 9 ! f9e/ kn[n s*ool ( proportion1 tra9+ x to di/+ui% m9ute diff]5ces1 9 ! same way t ! he>+ ( good music cultivates ! e>4 ,x is nei!r necess>y nor desirable to make elaborate & c>efully %ad$ draw+s f a pos$ model2 an equal numb] ( h\rs sp5t 9 copy+ & analyz+ ! plates ( a good art anatomy1 supplem5t$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( life draw+1 done m]ely ) a view to cat* ! pose1 w be f\nd to be a m pr(itable ex]cise1 = x w make y famili> ) ! pr9cipal & subsidi>y proportions ( ! bodily temple1 & give y suffici5t data to enable y to indicate a figure 9 any position ) fair accuracy4 ,i recomm5d ! /udy ( ,nature because ,i believe t su* /udy w assi/ y to recov] t direct & in/ant p]ception ( beauty1 our natural bir?right1 ( :i* ov]-sophi/ication has s b]eft u t we no long] "k x to be ours by "r ( inh]itance--inh]itance f t cosmic matt] end[$ ) motion out ( :i* we are fa%ion$1 proce$+ ev] rationally & rhy?mically to its appo9t$ ends4 ,we are all ( u p>ticipators 9 a _w ( concrete music1 geometry & numb]--a _w1 t is1 s ma!matically con/itut$ & co-ord9at$ t our pigmy bodies1 equally ) ! f>!/ />1 ?rob to ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,! blood fl[s rhy?mically1 ! he>t its metronome2 ! mov+ limbs weave patt]ns2 ! voice /irs into radiat+ s\nd-waves t pool ( sil5ce :i* we call ! air4 ,?\ can/ n wave ?y /aff 9 air1 ,or dip ?y paddle 9 ! lake1 ,b x c>ves ! b[ ( beauty !re1 ,& ripples 9 rhyme ! o> =sake4 ,! :ole ( animate creation lab\rs "u ! beautiful necessity ( be+ beautiful4 ,ev]y:]e x exhibits a p]fect utility subs]vi5t to h>moni\s laws4 ,nature is ! work%op 9 :i* are built beautiful organisms4 ,?is is exactly ! aim ( ! ar*itect--to fa%ion beautiful organisms2 :at bett] s*ool1 !re=e1 c\ld he h 9 :i* to le>n 8 trade8 ,to /udy ,nature x is n necess>y to g out into ! fields & botanize1 nor to attempt to make wat] col\rs ( picturesque sc5]y4 ,^! ?+s are v well1 b n s pr(itable to y\r p>ticul> purpose z obs]vation direct$ t[>d ! discov]y ( ! laws :i* und]lie & det]m9e =m & /ructure1 su* z ! trac+ ( ! spiral l9e1 n alone :]e x is obvi\s1 z 9 ! snail's %ell & 9 ! ram's horn1 b :]e x appe>s obscurely1 z 9 ! disposition ( leaves or twigs ^u a p>5t /em4 ,su* laws ( nature are equally laws ( art1 = art is nature c>ri$ to a high] p[] by reason ( its passage ?r\gh a human consci\sness4 ,?\ght & emotion t5d to cry/allize into =ms ( beauty z inevitably1 & accord+ to ! same laws1 z does ! fro/ on ! w9d[ pane4 ,art1 9 "o ( its aspects1 is ! weav+ ( a patt]n1 ! communication ( an ord] & a me?od to l9es1 =ms1 colors1 s\nds4 ,all v poetical1 & possibly true1 y may be say+ to y\rselves1 b :at has x to d ) ar*itecture1 :i* n[adays1 at lea/1 is pre-em95tly a practical & utilit>ian art ^: highe/ mission is to fulfil def9ite conditions 9 an economical & admirable way2 ^: supreme excell5ce is fitness1 appropriat5ess1 ! p]fect adaptation ( means to ends1 & ! apt expression ( bo? means & ends8 ,yes1 ar*itecture is all ( ?is1 b ?is is n all ( ar*itecture2 else ! mo/ effici5t eng9e] w\ld be ! mo/ admirable ar*itect1 :i* does n happ5 to be ! case4 ,along ) ! expression ( ! concrete & individual mu/ g ! expression ( ! ab/ract & univ]sal2 ! two c be comb9$ 9 a s+le build+ 9 ! same way t 9 e human c\nt5ance are comb9$ a racial or temp]am5tal type1 :i* is univ]sal1 & a "*1 :i* is individual4 ,! expression ( any sort ( cosmic tru?1 ( univ]sal h>mony & rhy?m1 is ! quality :i* our ar*itecture mo/ conspicu\sly lacks4 ,fail+ to f9d ! cosmic tru? )9 ourselves1 fail+ to vibrate to ! univ]sal h>mony & rhy?m1 our ar*itecture is--well1 :at x is1 = only t :i* is native to our liv+ _s c we %[ =? 9 ! "w ( our h&s4 ,y\r "w w be1 9 ! la/ analysis1 :at y y\rselves are4 ,let no sophi/ry bl9d y to ! tru? ( t4 ,!re are rhy?ms 9 ! _w ( space :i* we f9d only 9 ! ar*itecture ( ! pa/1 & enam\r$ ( _! beauty we repeat !m ov] & ov] 7(f ! key = ! mo/ "p71 on ! pr9ciple t all ! songs h be5 sung2 or we j make a noise1 on ! pr9ciple t noise is all !re is to ar*itecture anyway4 ,x is n s4 ,^? sy/ems ( spatial rhy?ms :i* we call ,egyptian1 ,classic1 ,go?ic1 ,r5aissance ar*itecture & ! re/1 are records all ( ! liv+ human _s en]giz+ 9 ! /ubborn matt] ( ! physical plane ) joy1 ) conviction1 ) ma/]y4 ,:5 t undy+ _s awakes aga9 9 y1 /irr$ into consci\sness by m$itation1 :i* is its pray]2 by music1 :i* is its praise2 by ! contemplation ( t fair =m :i* is its temple2 & by communion ) nature1 :i* is its look+-glass2 y w exp]i5ce aga9 t anci5t joy1 hold aga9 t firm conviction1 & ex]cise aga9 t ma/]y to transfuse ! granite & iron he>t ( ! hills into patt]ns unlike any t ! h& ( man has made be=e4 ,footnote #a3 ,an address deliv]$ be=e ! ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club 9 ,april1 #aiji4