,,creative ,,impulse ,,9 ,,indu/ry ,a ,proposition = ,educators ,,by ,,hel5 ,,m>ot #aiah ,,to ,,c>ol9e ,,pratt ,,^: ,,appreciation ,,( ,,educational ,,factors ,,9 ,,! ,,play ,,_w ,,( ,,*ildr51 ,,int5sifi$ ,,= ,,! ,,au?or ,,! ,,significance ,,( ,,! ,,gr[? ,,processes ,,9 ,,indu/rial ,,& ,,adult ,,life4 ,,preface ,! ,bureau ( ,educational ,exp]im5ts is a gr\p ( m51 & wom5 :o are try+ to face ! mod]n problems ( education 9 a sci5tific _s4 ,!y are conduct+ & help+ o!rs to conduct exp]im5ts :i* hold promise ( f9d+ out m ab\t *ildr5 z well z h[ to set up s*ool environm5ts :i* %all provide = ! *ildr5's gr[?4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts !y hope ev5tually may evolve a laboratory s*ool4 ,among _! surveys ! pa/ ye>1 "o by ,hel5 ,m>ot has result$ 9 ?is timely & significant book4 ,! exp]im5t :i* is outl9$ at ! close seems to ! ,bureau to be ( real mom5t1--"o ( :i* bo? education & indu/ry %\ld take he$4 ,!y e>ne/ly hope x may be tri$ imm$iately4 ,9 t ev5t1 ! ,bureau hopes to "w ) ,miss ,m>ot 9 br++ h] exp]im5t to completion4 ,,! ,,bureau ,,( ,,educational ,,exp]im5ts1 #af ,we/ ,eigh? ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,production ,,& ,,creative ,,ef=t ,,ii4 ,,adapt+ ,,p ,,to ,,indu/ry4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,way ,,iii4 ,,adapt+ ,,p ,,to ,,indu/ry4 ,,! ,,g]man ,,way ,,iv4 ,,educational ,,indu/ry ,,& ,,associat$ ,,ent]prise ,,creative ,,impulse ,,9 ,,indu/ry ,,introduction ,a fri5d ( m9e 9 describ+ ! ,russian p z he obs]v$ !m 9 _! pres5t revolution said x 0 possible = !m to accept new ideas because !y 7 un$ucat$2 !y did n1 he said1 labor "u ! difficulty common among educat$ p ( hav+ to get rid ( old ideas be=e !y took on new ones4 ,i ?9k :at he _h 9 m9d to say t x is difficult to accept new ideas :5 y\r m9d is fill$ ) ideas :i* are in/itutional4 ,! ideas :i* come out ( =mal education1 out ( ! s*ools1 out ( books1 are ideas :i* h be5 /amp$ z ! true & important ones2 _m ( !m are1 z !y h prov$ _! wor? 9 s]vice4 ,b z !y repres5t au?ority1 !y pass into a p's m9d ) ! full weight ( an accept$ fact4 ,! s*ools1 ! colleges1 & ! books are n responsible prim>ily = ! fix$ ideas2 e e/abli%$ in/itution contributes fix$ ideas z well z fix$ cu/oms & rules ( action4 ,! s*ools & colleges circulate & int]pret !m4 ,! movem5t = indu/rial education 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is an illu/ration ( ?is4 ,! ideas :i* we f9d !re h n sprung f s*ools or colleges b f indu/ry4 ,! in/itution ( indu/ry1 r ?an ! in/itution ( education1 dom9ates ?\ght 9 indu/rial education c\rses4 ,x is ! in/itution ( indu/ry z x has affect$ ! life ( e man1 woman & *ild1 :i* has inhibit$ educational ?\ght 9 conjunction ) s*emes = indu/rial s*ools4 ,no e/abli%$ sy/em ( education or none propos$ is m circumscrib$ by in/itutionaliz$ ?\ght ?an ! vocational & indu/rial s*ool movem5t4 ,educators h oppos$ ! desire ( bus9ess to atta* ! s*ools to ! indu/rial ent]prise4 ,!y h rightly oppos$ x because indu/ry "u ! influ5ce ( bus9ess pro/itutes ef=t4 ,nev]!less1 h& 9 h& ) indu/ry1 ! s*ools mu/ function2 unatta*$ to ! human hive !y are d5i$ p>ticipation 9 life4 ,promot]s ( indu/rial education are hung up betwe5 ?is fact ( pro/itut$ indu/ry & _! desire to e/abli% ! *ildr5's connection ) life4 ,!y h tri$ to meet oppos+ int]e/s2 !y h n recogniz$ all ! facts because ! facts 7 conflict+1 & _! m9ds z well z _! int]e/s1 in/itutionally speak+1 7 committ$ to bo?4 ,?is 0 ! impasse we _h app>5tly rea*$ :5 ! w> occurr$2 x is :]e we /ill are4 ,b ahead ( u1 sometime1 ! w> w end & we %all be call$ !n to face a p]iod ( recon/ruction4 ,! recon/ruction w c5t] ar\nd indu/ry4 ,! effici5cy ) :i* a work] s]ves indu/ry w be ! te/ ( 8 patriotic f]vor1 z 8 s]vice 9 ! army is made ! te/ dur+ ?is "t ( w>4 ,all in/itutions w be exam9$ & call$ ^u to reorganize 9 su* ways z w contribute to ! ent]prise ( rais+ indu/rial processes to ! /&>d ( greate/ effici5cy4 ,! /&>d ( me*anical effici5cy z x 0 set by ,g]many 0 "o ( ref9$ brutality4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! w>1 ! significance ( t /&>d is be+ graft$ into ! consci\sness ( ! common p ( ^? nations :i* h oppos$ ,g]many 9 arms4 ,x is ! indu/rial effici5cy ( ,g]many1 un9hibit$ by a s5se ( human developm5t t has made h] victories possible4 ,x is t effici5cy :i* has kept a l>ge "p ( ! _w on ! def5sive = ov] ?ree & a half ye>s4 ,g]many's milit>y /rategy is1 9 ! ma91 h] indu/rial /rategy2 x repres5ts h] effici5cy 9 turn+ te*nology to ! acc\nt ( an imp]ial purpose4 ,b ^? organizations ( manufactur]s & bus9ess politicians :o believe t ! same s*emes ( effici5cy w function 9 ,am]ica w call ^u ! p aft] ! w>1 x is safe to pr$ict1 to emulate ! me?ods :i* h giv5 ,g]many its unt[>d /r5g?4 ,:ile x is ^! me?ods :i* h made mu* hat$ ,g]many a m5ace to ! _w & :ile ! m5ace is felt by our own p1 ! significance ( ! me?ods is b vaguely realiz$4 ,x is probable t aft] ! w> x w be said t x 0 n ! ,g]man me?ods :i* 7 objectionable1 b t x 0 _! use 9 an int]national policy4 ,be=e ! "t = recon/ruction comes1 ,i hope we %all discov] h[ intr9sically false ^? me?ods are2 & h[ untrue to ! gr[? process is ! sort ( effici5cy ,g]many has develop$4 ,i hope also t we %all realise t a policy ( pat]nalism has no place 9 ! in/itutional life ( our own c\ntry4 ,be=e ! w> ^! ,g]man me?ods bore ! "* ( high success1 & !y _h a l>ge foll[+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!re are inde$ _m ?\s&s ( m5 & wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o1 :ile giv+ all !y mo/ c>e =1 = ! prosecution ( ! w> aga9/ ,g]many /ill support indu/rial & political policies & dogmas :i* are 9 _s ess5tially ,prussian4 ,! pr(essional ,re=m] "h 9 ,am]ica is n ev5 yet fully consci\s t ,g]man pat]nalism 7a phase ( ,g]man effici5cy7 is ! tok5 ( an enslav$ p4 ,! ,g]man educational sy/em z mu* if n m ?an its o!r imp]ial s*emes has be5 in/rum5tal 9 develop+ ! ,g]man br& ( indu/rial effici5cy4 ,! p]fection 9 ,g]many ( its te*nological processes is made possible z ! y\? ( ! c\ntry has be5 consecrat$ & sacrific$ to ! developm5t ( ?is p]fection 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( s*ool tra9+4 ,p>5ts contribute _! *ildr5 freely to an educational sy/em :i* fits !m into an indu/rial in/itution :i* has an imp]ial de/9y to fulfill4 ,ea* p]son's place 9 ! life ( ! nation is made = him dur+ 8 e>ly ye>s1 l a pr$e/9$ fact4 ,am]ican bus9ess m5 be=e ! w> appreciat$ ! educational sy/em :i* made p ov] into work]s )\t w or purpose ( _! own4 ,b ! situation 0 emb>rass+ z ^! bus9ess m5 7 n 9 a position to insi/ t ! s*ools1 support$ by ! p1 %\ld prep>e ! *ildr5 to s]ve indu/ry = ! sake ( ! /ate1 :ile indu/ry 0 pursu$ solely = private int]e/4 ,_! emb>rassm5t1 h[ev]1 w be less acute "u ! conditions ( indu/rial recon/ruction :i* w foll[ ! w>4 ,!n z patriots1 "u ! necessity ( compet+ ) ,g]many indu/rially1 !y w feel free to urge t ! ,g]man s*eme ( indu/rial education1 possibly "u ano!r "n1 be ext5d$ "h & adopt$ z a national policy4 ,9 o!r words z ,g]many has evolv$ its me?ods ( atta9+ indu/rial effici5cy1 & z ! s*ools h play$ ! lead+ "p 9 ! atta9m5t1 ! ,g]man sy/em ( indu/rial education1 private bus9ess may argue1 %\ld be giv5 = patriotic reasons full opportunity 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if ! ,g]man sy/em 7 introduc$ "h1 ( c\rse x is n c]ta9 t x c\ld deliv] wage work]s m ready & s]vile1 less s+le-purpos$ 9 _! indu/rial activity ?an !y are n[4 ,x 0 9 ,g]many a comp>atively simple matt] = ! s*ools to make ov] ! *ildr5 into effective & effici5t s]vants1 =1 z ,pr(essor ,vebl5 expla9s1 ! psy*ology ( ! ,g]man p 0 /ill feudal :5 ! mod]n sy/em ( indu/ry1 ) its own *>act]i/ic enslavem5t1 0 impos$1 ready-made1 ^u !m2 ! ,g]man1 p unlike ! ,anglo-,saxon _h n exp]i5c$ ! lib]at+ effects ( ! political philosophy :i* develop$ along ) mod]n te*nology 9 bo? ,engl& & ,am]ica4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,?or/e9 ,vebl54--,imp]ial ,g]many & ! ,indu/rial ,revolution4 ,fir/1 !n1 x is n c]ta9 t ! sy/em ( ,g]man indu/rial education w\ld succe$2 &1 second1 if x did succe$ x is n ! sort ( education t ,am]ica wants4 ,am]ica wants indu/rial effici5cy1 x mu/ h effici5t work]s if x holds its place among nations1 & ,am]ican p w prove _! effici5cy or _! ineffici5cy z !y are capable ( us+ ! h]itage :i* indu/rial evolution has giv5 ! _w4 ,b :at %all we use ?is effici5cy =8 ,= ! sake ( ! h]itage8 ,= ! sake ( bus9ess8 ,= ! sake ( ,empire8 ,bus9ess kn[s v cle>ly :y x wants x1 b z a rule mo/ ( u are n cle>ly consci\s t we ne$1 = ! sake ( our expansive exi/5ce1 to be indu/rially effici5t4 ,we are n ev5 consci\s t indu/ry is ! great field = adv5ture & gr[?1 because we use t field n = ! creative b = ! exploitive purpose4 ,x is ! pres5t duty ( ,am]ican educators to realize ^! two po9ts3 t indu/ry is ! great field = adv5ture & gr[?2 t z x is us$ n[ ! opportunities = gr[? are inhibit$ 9 ! only field :]e productive exp]i5ce c be a common "o4 ,%ortly x w be ! mission1 ( educators to %[ t by op5+ up ! field = creative purpose1 f]vor = indu/rial ent]prise & good workman%ip may be realiz$2 t only z ! cont5t ( indu/ry 9 its adm9i/ration z well z 9 ! te*nique ( its processes is op5$ up = exp]im5t & fir/-h& exp]i5ce1 w a univ]sal impulse = "w be awak5$4 ,x is = educators1 toge!r ) eng9e]s & ar*itects1 to demon/rate to ! _w t :ile ! idea ( s]vice to a political /ate may h ! p[] to accompli% l>ge results1 all productive =ce is artificially su/a9$ :i* is n dep5d5t on m5's desire to d creative "w4 ,a /ate z we h se51 may invoke ! idea ( s]vice4 ,x might repres5t ! productive int]e/s ( a community if ^? int]e/s sprang f ! expansive exp]i5ce ( a p 9 _! creative adv5tures4 ,9 ! recon/ructive p]iod educators may h _! opportunity to ext5d ! concept t ! creative process is ! educative process1 or z ,pr(essor ,dewey /ates x1 ! educative process is ! process ( gr[?4 ,! recon/ruction p]iod w be a "t ( =mative ?\ght2 in/itutions w be attack$ & on ! def5sive2 & out ( ! great ne$ ( ! nations !re may come *ange4 ,educators w f9d _! opportunity z !y discov] conditions "u :i* ! great ent]prise ( indu/ry may be educational & z !y repudiate or oppose in/itutions :i* exclude educational factors4 ,x is = educators to realize fir/ ( all t !re c be no social progress :ile !re is antagonism betwe5 gr[? 9 weal? 7:i* is indu/ry7 & gr[? 9 individuals 7:i* is education72 t ! fundam5tal antagonisms :i* are app>5t 9 ! curr5t arrangem5t are n betwe5 indu/ry & education b betwe5 education & bus9ess4 ,!y mu/ "k t z bus9ess regulates & controls indu/ry = ult]ior purposes1 t is = o!r purposes ?an production ( goods1 x ?w>ts ! developm5t ( individual lives & ! evolution ( society2 t x values a work] n = 8 pot5tial productivity b = 8 imm$iate contribution to ! annual /ock divid5d2 or if1 z 9 ,g]many :]e 8 productive pot5tiality is valu$ 9 t]ms ( long] "t1 x is = ! imp]ial int5tion ( ! /ate & n = ! gr[? ( ! individual or ! progress ( civilisation4 ,,creative ,,impulse ,,9 ,,indu/ry ,,*apt] ,i ,,production ,,& ,,creative ,,ef=t ,z a human exp]i5ce1 ! act ( creat+1 ! process ( fabricat+ weal?1 has be5 at diff]5t times z wor?y ( celebration z ! possession ( x4 ,be=e bus9ess ent]prise & ma*9e production discr$it$ h&work1 art = art's sake1 "w = ! love ( "w1 7 conceivable human emotions4 ,b to-day1 a ,cezanne :o pa9ts pictures & leaves !m 9 ! field to p]i% is consid]$ by ! g5]al run ( p1 9 communities inur$ to mod]n indu/rial ent]prise1 z be+ n q "r 9 8 head4 ,_! e/imate is ( c\rse m or less true4 ,b su* valuations are made )\t ! help ( creative inspiration1 al?\gh ! function+ ( a product has its creative significance4 ,! creative significance ( a product 9 use1 z well z an appreciation ( ! act ( creat+1 w\ld be evid5t if mod]n production ( weal?1 "u ! influ5ce ( bus9ess ent]prise & ma*9e te*nology1 _h n fairly well ext+ui%$ ! appreciation & ! joy ( creative exp]i5ce 9 c\ntries :]e p h fall5 "u its influ5ce s completely z 9 our own4 ,x is usual 9 economic consid]ations to cr$it ! p]iod ( craftsman%ip z a "t 9 ! evolution ( weal? production t 0 ri* 9 creative ef=t & opportunity = ! individual work]4 ,! craftsman%ip p]iod is valu$ 9 retrospect = its educative influ5ce4 ,!re 0 opportunity !n z !re is n n[ = ! work] to ga9 ! valuable exp]i5ce ( initiat+ an idea & c>ry+ ! production ( an article to its completion = use & sale 9 ! m>ket2 !re 0 ! opportunity !n also z !re is n n[1 = ! work] to ga9 a high degree ( te*nique & a valuation ( 8 workman%ip4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( workman%ip t its prim>y consid]ation is s]viceability or utility4 ,! creative impulse & ! creative ef=t may or may n express workman%ip or take x into acc\nt4 ,workman%ip 9 its consid]ation ( s]viceability (t5times arrives at beauty & classic production1 :5 creative impulse )\t ! _s ( workman%ip fails4 ,! craftsman%ip p]iod des]ves rank1 b ! high rank :i* is giv5 x is due 9 "p to its hi/orical relation to ! factory era :i* foll[$ & cru%$ x4 ,:ile craftsman%ip repres5t$ expansive developm5t 9 workman%ip1 x is n g5]ally recogniz$ t ! ,guild organization ( ! crafts develop$ mod]n bus9ess ent]prise4,a ,bus9ess is conc]n$ :olly ) utility1 & n l workman%ip1 ) /&>ds ( production1 except z ^? /&>ds conta9 an increm5t ( value 9 pr(its to ! own]s ( weal?4 ,x 0 dur+ ! ,guild p]iod t bus9ess came to value workman%ip because x conta9$ t increm5t4 ,9 spite ( bus9ess int]e/1 h[ev]1 ! /&>d ( workman%ip 0 set by skill$ craftsm51 & _! /&>ds repres5t$ 9 a m>k$ degree ! m>ket value ( ! goods produc$ by !m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?or/e9 ,vebl52 ,in/9ct ( ,workman%ip1 pp4 #baa-bab4 ,:ile ! exploitation ( ! skill ( ! workman 9 ! int]e/ ( ! own]s ( raw mat]ials & manufactur$ goods1 _h its depress+ & corrupt+ influ5ce on creative ef=t1 ! creative impulse f\nd a /imulus 9 ! respect a community /ill paid ! skill & ability ( ! work]4 ,x 0 n until ma*9e /&>ds sup]s$$ craft /&>ds & discr$it$ !m t ! processes ( production1 ! acts ( fabrication1 lo/ _! /&>ds ( workman%ip & _! educational value = ! work]4 ,! discr$its 7 psy*ological & economic2 !y revolutioniz$ ! intellectual & moral concepts ( m5 9 relation to _! "w & ! production ( weal?4 ,z ma*9e production sup]s$$ craftsman%ip ! basis ( fix+ ! price ( an article %ift$ f values fix$ by ! /&>ds ( work]s to /&>ds ( ma*9es1 ,pr(essor ,vebl5 says to /&>ds ( salesm54 ,x is along ^! l9es t me*anical sci5ce appli$ to ! production ( weal?1 has elim9at$ ! p]sonality ( ! work]s4 ,a work] is no long] reflect$ 9 goods on sale2 8 p]sonality has pass$ into ! ma*9e :i* has met ! requirem5ts ( mass production4 ,! logical developm5t ( factory organisation has be5 ! complete cord9ation ( all factors :i* are auxili>y to me*anical p[] & devices4 ,! mo/ important auxili>y factor is human labor4 ,a work] is a p]fect$ factory atta*m5t z he surr5d]s himself to ! "t & ! rhy?m ( ! ma*9e & its function+2 z he supplem5ts )\t loss :atev] human faculties ! ma*9e lacks1 :atev] imp]fection hamp]s ! ma*9e 9 ! satisfaction ( its ne$s4 ,if x lacks eyes1 he sees = x2 he walks = x1 if x is )\t legs2 & he pulls1 drags1 lifts1 if x ne$s arms4 ,all ( ^! ?+s are done by ! factory work] at ! pace set by ! ma*9e & "u its direction & comm&4 ,a work]'s indulg5ce 9 8 p]sonal desires or impulses h9d]s ! ma*9e & l[]s 8 atta*m5t value4 ,?is division ( ! work]s into eyes1 arms1 f+]s1 legs1 ! pluck+ out ( "s "o ( 8 faculties & disc>d+ ! re/ ( ! man z valueless1 has seem$ to be an organic requirem5t ( ma*9e evolution4 ,s comm5dable ! s*eme has be5 to bus9ess ent]prise t ?is division ( labor has be5 c>ri$ f ! ma*9e %op & ! factory to ! sci5tific laboratories :]e exp]im5t & discov]y 9 new processes ( te*nology are develop$1 & :]e1 x is popul>ly suppos$1 a high ord] ( intellig5ce is requir$4 ,! organization ( te*nological laboratories1 l ! organization ( con/ruction %ops to :i* !y are auxili>y1 is bas$ on ! break+ up ( a problem :i* is be=e ! laboratory = its solution4 ,! *emi/s1 physici/s1 ma*9i/s & draftsm5 are isolat$ z !y "w out _! assign$ tasks )\t specific k ( :at ! g5]al problem is & h[ x is be+ attack$4 ,small te*nological laboratories are /ill 9 exi/5ce :]e ! g5]al problem 9 h& is pres5t$ z a :ole to ! :ole eng9e]+ /aff1 & is left to !m z a gr\p = indep5d5t & associat$ exp]im5tation4 ,b ev5 9 su* cases ! te*nological cont5t does n necess>ily supply ! impulse to solve ! problem or secure a free & volunt>y p>ticipation 9 its solution4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 its solution are inspir$ by its economic value = !m4 ,9 all te*nological laboratories1 ei!r :]e ! problem is brok5 up & its p>ts di/ribut$ among ! employees ( ! laboratory1 or :]e x is giv5 to !m z a :ole = solution1 x is giv5 n z a sequ5ce 9 ! creative purpose ( ! individuals :o are at "w on x1 nor is its f9al solution necess>ily det]m9$ by its use & wont 9 a community4 ,problems br\ght to ! laboratory are ta9t$ ) ! motive ( indu/ry :i* is n creative1 b exploitive4 ,! t5ure ( ea* man employ$ 9 production is f9ally det]m9$ n by any creative int]e/ ( 8 own or ( 8 employ] b by :e!r 9 ! la/ analysis1 he con=ms bett] ?an ano!r man to ! exig5cies ( pr(its4 ,if pr(its & creative purpose happ5 to be "o & ! same ?+1 8 place 9 an indu/rial e/abli%m5t has "s be>+ on 8 intr9sic wor?4 ,"u su* circum/ances 8 int]e/ 9 ! creative purpose ( ! e/abli%m5t w\ld h a f\ndation1 & he himself c\ld value bett] ?an he o!rwise w\ld 8 own "p 9 ! ent]prise4 ,! economic organization ( mod]n society ?\gh built on ! common p's productive en]gy has disc\nt$ _! creative pot5tiality4 ,we hold to ! !ory t m5 are equal 9 _! opportunity to capture & own weal?2 t _! ability 9 t respect is pro( ( _! ability to create x2 a pro( ( _! inh]5t capacity4 ,x is a pro(1 z a matt] ( fact1 ( _! ability to compete 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( capture2 _! ability to exploit weal? successfully4 ,:ile ! prevail+ economic !ory ( production takes = grant$ m5's creative pot5tiality !re is no provision 9 our indu/rial in/itution = ! common run ( m5 to function creatively4 ,!re is no attempt 9 ! g5]al s*eme = true+-up or e/imat+ ! creative ability ( work]s4 ,9 ! m>ket1 :]e ! value ( goods is det]m9$1 a ma*9e t5d] has a bett] *ance ?an a craftsman4 ,! popul> belief is t ! ability ( work]s has native limitations1 t ^! limitations are absolute & t !y are fix$ at or be=e bir?4 ,?is belief is a t5et among ^? :o hold positions ( indu/rial ma/]y4 ,manag]s ( indu/ry = in/ance :o control a situation & create an environm5t1 dem& t ^? :o s]ve !m meet ! requirem5ts :i* !y h fix$4 ,!y d n recognize t indu/rial ability dep5ds l>gely on ! opportunity :i* an individual has _h to make adju/m5ts to 8 surr\nd+s & on 8 opportunity to ma/] !m ?r\gh exp]im5t4 ,a factory employee is requir$ to d a piece ( "w2 & he does x1 n because he is int]e/$ 9 ! process or ! object1 b because 8 employ] wants x done4 ,9 ,anglo-,saxon & ,teutonic c\ntries1 :]e p h fall5 mo/ completely "u ! influ5ce ( ma*9e production & bus9ess ent]prise1 & :]e !y h lo/ by ! way _! conception ( _! creative pot5tiality1 "w is univ]sally conceiv$ z some?+ :i* p endure = ! sake ( be+ paid (f4 ,be+ paid (f1 x seems abundantly cle>1 is ! only reason a sane man c h = work+4 ,aft] he is paid (f ! assumption is 8 pleasure w beg94 ,a popul> idea ( play is ! abs5ce ( "w1 ! consumption ( weal?1 be+ ent]ta9$4 ,be+ ent]ta9$ inde$ is z ne> z mo/ adult m5 9 ^! c\ntries come to play4 ,_! ,sundays & holidays are depress+ occasions1 %ad[$ by a =lorn expectancy ( some?+ :i* nev] comes (f4 ,! capacity ( ! ,fr5* p = enjoy+ _! holidays is mu* ! same z _! capacity = enjoy+ _! "w4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 is a matt] ( native habituation4 ,b h[ev] !y came by x1 x has _h its "p 9 det]m9+ ! indu/rial conditions ( ,france4 ,! love ( ! p = mak+ ?+s has resi/$ 9 a rem>kable way ! dom9ation ( ma*9e indu/ry & mod]n factory organization4 ,! ,fr5* "w %op1 av]ag+ six p]sons1 is z *>act]i/ic ( ,france z ! huge factory organization ) ! mo/ mod]n me*anical equipm5t is *>act]i/ic ( ,am]ican indu/ry4 ,z ! work]s 9 ^! %ops p>ticipate m intimately 9 ! fabrication ( goods !y come m ne>ly to a real p>ticipation 9 productive ent]prise4 ,?is close contact ) ! actual processes ( production gives ! work]s a s5se ( p[]4 ,a s5se ( _! relation to ! processes & _! ability to control !m eng5d]s c\rage4 ,inde$ x is ! abs5ce ( fe>1 r ?an ! abs5ce ( "w1 t det]m9es ! capacity ( m5 = play4 ,x 0 n accid5tal t ! movem5t ( ! ,fr5* work]s = emancipation emphasiz$ a desire = control ( indu/ry4 ,! syndicalism ( ,france has express$ ! work]s' int]e/ 9 production z ! labor movem5ts ( o!r c\ntries h laid /ress exclusively on its economic value to !m4 ,! syndicali/s' !ory takes = grant$ ! read9ess ( work]s to assume responsibility = production1 :ile ! trade unioni/s ( ,engl&1 ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ask = a voice 9 det]m9+ n _! productive b _! f9ancial relation to x4 ,x is ! habit ( ^! o!r peoples to cr$it ! lack ( int]e/ 9 "w to physical h>d%ips :i* ! wage sy/em has impos$4 ,b ! wage sy/em f ! po9t ( view ( mat]ial welf>e has borne no less heavily on ! ,fr5* ?an on o!r work]s4 ,x is also difficult to prove t ! physical h>d%ips ( mod]n me?ods ( production are great] ?an ! h>d%ips ( e>li] me?ods4 ,! tru? is t nei!r h>d%ips nor exploitation ( labor are new factors2 !y h bo?1 ?r\gh long c5turies1 repress$ 9 v>y+ degree ! inspirational & intellectual int]e/ ( work]s 9 productive ef=t4 ,x is n ! economic burd5s :i* foll[$ ! introduction ( ma*9]y & ! division ( labor t di/+ui% ^! new factors 9 indu/ry1 b ! discr$it :i* !y ?r[ ar\nd man's labor p[]4 ,!y h c>ri$ ! discr$it ( labor 9 its social position fur!r ?an x _h be5 c>ri$1 b ?is is m]ely a by-product ( ! discr$it !y ca/ on ! skill & intellectual p[] :i* is lat5t 9 ! work+ class4 ,9 ?is connection ! significant tru? = civilization is t :ile exploitation ( labor & physical h>d%ips induce ! antagonism betwe5 labor & capital1 mod]n factory organization de/roys creative desire & individual initiative z x excludes ! work]s f p>ticipation 9 creative exp]i5ce4 ,! new discov]ies 9 inorganic p[] & _! application to indu/rial ent]prise are possibly m f> rea*+ 9 _! effect on ! adju/m5t & relation%ips ( m5 ?an !y h be5 at any o!r "t 9 ! la/ c5tury & a half4 ,:atev] ! _w owes to ^! discov]ies & _! applications x _c af=d to lose sight ( a fact ( great social significance1 :i* is1 t p h accept$ me*anical a*ievem5ts1 n z labor sav+ devices b z sub/itutes = human initiative & ef=t4 ,!y h n1 inde$1 sav$ labor to ! advantage ( labor itself1 & !y h inhibit$ int]e/ 9 production4 ,outside ( bus9ess ent]prise & diplomacy--! political ext5sion ( bus9ess--me*anical devices h lo/ ! surprise reaction & res5tm5t :i* !y orig9ally set up4 ,z a competitor ) human labor !y h e/abli%$ !mselves z its fit survivor4 ,! prophesy ( ,!ophra/us ,su* seems to h be5 already fulfill$1 & any new ma*9e add$ to ^? already 9 p[] 9 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,ma*9es c sc>cely add to ! work]'s s5se ( 8 own impot5cy4 ,! bus9ess valuations :i* 7 evolv$ out ( craftsman%ip & :i* 7 fur!r develop$ "u ! influ5ce ( ! te*nology ( ! la/ c5tury & a half1 emphasiz$ ! value ( mat]ial =ce1 & repress$ spiritual evaluations1 su* z ! creative impulse 9 human be+s4 ,mod]n indu/rial in/itutions are develop$ by an exclusive cultivation ( p's ne$s & ! desire to possess4 ,!y are develop$ indep5d5tly1 z we h se51 ( any ne$ or desire to create4 ,! desire to possess is responsible = ! production ( a mass ( goods unprec$5t$ & inconceivable a c5tury & a half ago4 ,! actual production ( all ( ^! goods is unrelat$ to ! motive ( m5's p>ticipation 9 _! production2 ! actual production 9 relation to ! motive is an incid5t4 ,! sole reason = ! p>ticipation 9 ! productive ef=t is n ! desire = creative exp]i5ce or ! satisfaction ( ! creative impulse2 x is n an int]e/ 9 supply+ ! ne$s ( a community or 9 ! enri*m5t ( life2 x is to acquire out ( ! /ore ( goods all t c be acquir$ = p]sonal possession or consumption4 ,!re is no m fundam5tal ne$ ?an ! ne$ to consume2 b = ! common run ( m5 z a motive 9 ! creation ( weal?1 x is %orn ( adv5ture1 ( imag9ation & ( joy4 ,! own]%ip ( _m ?+s1 :i* mass production has made possible1 ! int5sive cultivation ( ! desire to own1 has add$ ano!r elem5t to ! corruption ( workman%ip & ! depreciation ( its value4 ,access to a mass ( goods made *eap by ma*9]y has _h its contribut+ influ5ce 9 ! p's depreciation ( _! own creative ef=ts4 ,z p become inur$ to ma*9e /&>ds1 !y lose _! s5se ( art values along ) _! joy 9 creative ef=t1 _! self reg>d z work+ m5 & _! p]sonal equation 9 indu/rial life4 ,:]e ! motive ( individuals :o engage 9 indu/ry is ! desire to possess1 ! rational me?od ( ga9+ possession is n by ! ardu\s way ( "w b ( capture4 ,! s*eme ( capture is a s*eme :]eby y may get some?+ = 7do+7 no?+2 no?+ z ne>ly z possible 9 ! way ( fabrication ( goods2 some?+ = ! manipulation ( m52 some?+ = ! developm5t ( te*nology & me*anical sci5ce2 & high reg>d = ! manipulation ( money4 ,do+ no?+ does n mean t manual work]s1 manag]s ( productive ent]prises1 speculators 9 ! natural res\rces ( weal? production & manufactur$ goods1 z well z f9anci]s1 are n busy p1 or t _! activity does n result 9 accompli%m5t4 ,!y are inde$ ! busy p & _! accompli%m5t is ! _w's weal?4 ,nev]!less ! int5tion ( all & ! _s ( ! s*eme is to d z ne> no?+ z possible 9 ex*ange = ! highe/ return4 ,! :ole indu/rial arrangem5t is c>ri$ on )\t ! =ce ( productive int5tion2 x is c>ri$ =w>d aga9/ a dis9cl9ation to produce4 ,i h said t indu/ry 0 %orn ( adv5ture = ! common man4 ,adv5ture 9 indu/rial ent]prise is ! bus9ess man's great monopoly4 ,8 impetus is n due to 8 desire to create weal? b to exploit x1 & he secures its creation by pay+ m5 (f4 ,commonly he is peevi%ly expectant t ^? he pays (f w h a creative int5tion t[>d ! "w he pays !m to d1 al?\gh 9 ! s*eme ( indu/ry :i* he supports ! opportunity provid$ = su* int5tion is negligible4 ,an effici5cy eng9e] e/imat$ t !re is a loss 9 weal? ( "s fifty p] c5t1 due to ! inability ( ! bus9ess man to appraise ! creative possibilities 9 indu/ry4 ,:5 exploitation ( weal? is ref]r$ to1 ^? :o own x are g5]ally meant4 ,b exploitation ( weal? is ! int5tion ( ! work] z well z ( ! bus9ess man4 ,to get1 z ,i h said1 some?+ = 7do+7 no?+ is ! dom9at+ motif 9 ! indu/rial _w4 ,x is suppos$ to reflect ! self-int]e/ ( individuals1 to reflect1 t is1 _! economic ne$s4 ,?is motive ( circumscrib$ self-int]e/ dur+ an era ( political & indu/rial expansion has be5 adopt$ by philosoph]s z ! guide z well z a clue to conduct2 x 0 hail$ by !m z a suffici5t & complete motivation = weal? creation2 !y us$ x z a basis ( a !ory = race progress re/+ solely on ! ef=ts ( m5 to satisfy _! mat]ial ne$s ?r\gh _! ability to capture goods4 ,?is motive toge!r ) ! possibilities :i* ma*9e production op5$ up = weal? exploitation1 gave bir? to ! dismal sci5ce ( ,political ,economy2 x sugge/$ ! mat]iali/ic int]pretation ( hi/ory1 & br\ght to e>? utopian s*emes ( bro!rhood4 ,political sci5ce is dismal because x is an int]pretation ( dismal in/itutions4 ,x may be ung5]\s to speak slight+ly ( in/itutions :i* h yield$ su* great weal?1 :i* h trans=m$ in]t matt] into productive p[] & br\ght 9 consequ5ce ! :ole _w into acqua9tance%ip & rivalry4 ,x w\ld be ung5]\s if x 7 n = a fact :i* has become poignant1 t ! exploitation ( weal? & undige/$ relation%ips are to-day ! out/&+ m5ace to civilization4 ,! pres5t _w conflict has made x cle> t relation%ips _c rema9 undige/$2 t !y are n 9 _! nature passive4 ,!y are ei!r integrat+ 9 _! =ce or dis9tegrat+4 ,socialism has und]tak5 = two g5]ations to prove t exploitation1 c>ries ) x its own se$s ( de/ruction4 ,! position ( ! sociali/s is pass+ out ( !ory & propag&a ?r\gh ! h&s ( diplomati/s1 into /atutes4 ,bo? ! sociali/s & _! successors w\ld eradicate exploitation by repress+ x4 ,! sociali/s w\ld repress x by %ift+ own]%ip ( weal? f individuals to ! /ate1 :ile ! diplomati/s1 ?r\gh ! same ag5cy1 w\ld regulate ^? :o own x4 ,x is an hi/orical fact z well z a psy*ological "o t y d n get rid ( traits or in/itutions except z y replace !m ) some?+ ( positive s]vice1 or great] competitive value4 ,! in/itution ( capitalism exi/s n because ( its pr$atory "*1 b because 9 spite ( its exploitation x promotes indu/ry1 & labor & o!r indu/rial te*nicians d n4 ,z our indu/rial in/itutions h gr[n out ( a pr$atory concept in/ead ( a creative "o1 z capture has be5 rew>d$ r ?an "w1 z ! possessive desire has be5 /imulat$ & ! creative desire has be5 sacrific$1 z employ]s ( m5 & own]s ( ma*9es h engag$ 9 production because ( _! int]e/ n 9 ! process or 9 ! use ( ! product1 b 9 ! rew>d1 z wage work]s h hir$ out = ! day's "w or cont9u$ dur+ _! adult life 9 _! trade )\t int]e/ 9 its developm5t1 because l _! employ]s !y want$ ! highe/ ca% return1 weal? exploitation has come to be synonym\s 9 ! m9ds ( m5 ) weal? creation4 ,a creative concept :i* c\ld survive & inhibit ! pr$atory concept mu/ re/ on su* elem5ts ( creative =ce z are n[ abs5t f our indu/rial in/itution4 ,x is almo/ axiomatic to say t a sy/em ( weal? production :i* cultivat$ creative ef=t w\ld yield m 9 g5]al t]ms ( life z well z 9 t]ms ( goods1 ?an a sy/em l our own :i* exploits creative p[]4 ,x is obvi\s t ! dis9tegrat+ t5d5cy 9 our sy/em is due to ! fact t production is dep5d5t = its motive =ce on ! desire to possess4 ,x is also obvi\s t a rational sy/em ( indu/ry :i* s\ght to give t desire among all m5 full opportunity = satisfaction w\ld also und]take to cultivate ! creative impulse = ! sake ( increas+ creative ef=t ,! result w\ld be an increase 9 production4 ,z logical z ?is obs]vation may be1 x is n s obvi\s h[ su* a social trans=mation z ?is implies1 may be effect$4 ,e advance 9 weal? creation :i* has become an in/itutional "p ( an economic sy/em has be5 impell$ & su/a9$ by ! mat]ial int]e/s ( p :o at ! "t held ! /rategic position 9 ! community4 ,! _w has progress$1 or retrogress$1 z ! mo/ p[]ful int]e/s at any "t adju/$ ! in/itutions & cu/oms gov]n+ weal? production to _! own advantage4 ,z ! controll+ int]e/s 9 our pres5t s*eme are ! bus9ess int]e/s1 x is ! bus9ess man1 n ! workman1 :o directs indu/ry & det]m9es its policy z well z ! g5]al policy ( ! nation 9 :i* x op]ates4 ,x is to ! advantage ( private bus9ess run = private ga91 to control creative ef=t = ! purpose ( appropriat+ ! product1 & to inhibit free creative expression z an uncontrollable factor 9 ! ent]prise ( exploitation4 ,! appall+ & wanton sacrifice ( life :i* are incid5t to ! evolution ( ma*9]y & ! division ( labor seem to dem& at times _! elim9ation4 ,9 we>9ess we are urg$ to retrace our /eps & g back to craftsman%ip & ! ,guilds4 ,b x is idle to talk ab\t go+ back or elim9at+ in/itutionaliz$ features ( society4 ,we _c g back1 we h n ! ability to disc>d ?is or t "p ( our environm5t except z we make x ov]4 ,! result ( ?is mak+ ov] might be vitaliz$ by me?ods :i* _h belong$ to e>li] p]iods1 b nei!r ! me?ods nor ! p]iods1 we c safely say1 w live aga94 ,nei!r our own nor future g5]ations w escape ! influ5ce ( mod]n te*nology4 ,x w play its "p4 ,x may be a "p :i* w lead away f "s ( ! de/ructive influ5ces :i* develop$ 9 ! era ( craftsman%ip & :i* dom9ate ! pres5t4 ,b a society too enfeebl$ to use its own exp]i5ce w n h ! p[] to use ! exp]i5ce ( ano!r p or ( ano!r "t4 ,x is beside ! po9t to look to "s o!r exp]i5ce or s*eme ( life & *oose t because x seems good1 unless ! *oice is bas$ on a p's pres5t fitness to adapt t o!r exp]i5ce or o!r s*eme ( life to _! own exp]i5ce4 ,! proposition to rev]t to an e>li] p]iod sugge/s no?+ m ?an ! repetition ( an exp]i5ce out ( :i* ! pres5t /ate ( affairs has evolv$4 ,nor is !re gr\nd = ! hope t 9 "t in/itutions & relation%ips w be regulat$ on pr9ciples ( altruism4 ,x is n app>5t inde$ t su* regulations w\ld yield ev5 ! pres5t all[ance ( happ9ess incid5t to our own immature me?od ( captur+ :at weal? we c )\t relation to social factors4 ,z un=tunate z we are 9 pursuit ( t bl9d me?od1 x is safe to pr$ict t ! _w w\ld be a madd] place ?an x is to-day if e "o devot$ himself to do+ :at he believ$ 0 = ! good ( ev]ybody else4 ,! hope ( social revolutioni/s t private bus9ess w\ld ov]rea* itself & defeat its own purpose1 grew out ( ! expectation t its tribute exactions w\ld draw ! subjects ( capital toge!r 9 a common def5sive movem5t2 t ! movem5t on acc\nt ( its numb]s w\ld ov]turn bus9ess & t 9 place ( private managem5t democratic control w\ld be in/itut$4 ,"s su* outcome1 soon] or lat]1 seems inevitable if civilization is s*$ul$ to advance4 ,! labor union movem5t1 unlike ! political sociali/ revolution>y movem5t1 und]takes 9 its op]ation to supply labor ) a c]ta9 work+ cont5t1 :i* ! adm9i/rative s*eme ( indu/ry has exclud$ f ! exp]i5ce ( its work]s4 ,b ?is cont5t is n suffici5t to /imulate ! imag9ation ( ! trade unioni/s ) ! ?\ght t ! _w ( indu/ry is ! field ( creative adv5ture4 ,_! conception born ( exp]i5ce is n s flatt]+4 ,x w\ld be a brave man :o w\ld und]take to conv9ce ! tw5tie? c5tury adult wage e>n]1 involv$ 9 mod]n me?ods ( ma*9e production1 t 8 pov]ty is less 9 8 possession ( weal? ?an 9 8 gr[? & 9 8 creative opportunity4 ,! indu/rial *anges :i* ! labor movem5t proposes to make are on ! side ( a bett] di/ribution ( goods4 ,a bett] di/ribution w\ld h a dynamic significance 9 weal? production1 if ! actual increase :i* labor secur$ 9 wages & leisure 7 a real increase4 ,b exploit+ capital provides = su* exig5cies z high wages by increas+ ! price ( products1 ?us r$uc+ ! wage e>n]s' pur*as+ p[] to ! =m] level4 ,high wages fail to di/urb ! relative portion ( capital & labor ev5 m ?an !y fail to affect ! pur*as+ p[] ( ! work]4 ,x is (t5 sugge/$ t if ! /ate assum$ control ( indu/ry ! blight ( bus9ess c\ld be remov$4 ,b 9 ! transf] we w\ld n necess>ily ga9 opportunity to enjoy ! adv5ture :i* indu/ry holds out4 ,indu/ry z a creative exp]i5ce1 x is safe to pr$ict1 w\ld be z r>e a p]sonal exp]i5ce & z =eign an influ5ce 9 social exi/5ce "u /ate managem5t z x is "u bus9ess managem5t4 ,! /ate w\ld curb ! am\nt ( weal? exploitation possibly1 b w\ld n alt] ! univ]sal attitude t[>d weal? production1 :i* is to take z mu* & give z little z "o c get (f )4 ,al?\gh political socialism may be ! economic sequel ( private capital !re is no f\ndation = ! belief t x w ( itself induce creative ef=t or /imulate creative impulse4 ,! fai? back ( ! sociali/ movem5t t desirable attributes l ! creative impulse1 :i* m5 pot5tially possess1 w beg9 to op]ate automatically & univ]sally z soon z !re is suffici5t leisure & food = g5]al consumption1 is bl9d & hi/orically unw>rant$4 ,! signs are t a sociali/ /ate w\ld lean exclusively on ! consumption desire = production results1 j z ! pres5t sy/em ( bus9ess n[ does4 ,nei!r fat incomes nor l>ge leisure h furni%$ ! _w ) its p ( g5ius4 ,9 spite ( ! inhibit+ influ5ce ( exploitation1 !y h come1 :at !re are ( !m1 out ( int5sive application to "s matt] ( mom5t4 ,possibly !y w\ld come1 & m ( !m1 f ! "w-a-day _w "u socialism ) ! inhibit+ influ5ce ( organiz$ exploitation remov$1 b m ( !m w\ld n insure a democracy 9 indu/ry or else:]e4 ,no?+ insures t %ort ( a /rong emotional impulse1 a real intellectual int]e/ 9 ! adv5ture ( productive ent]prise4 ,! creative desire is an incid5t or a sort ( by-product ( ! economics ( socialism z x is ( classical economics2 nei!r "o nor ! o!r dep5ds on its cultivation4 ,ei!r is capable ( a*iev+ mass production1 b nei!r insures a democratic control ( indu/ry1 nei!r provides = gr[?1 = education 9 ! productive process4 ,a democracy ( indu/ry requires a p's su/a9$ int]e/ 9 ! productive ent]prise2 _! int]e/ 9 ! developm5t ( te*nology1 ! developm5t ( m>kets1 & ! release ( man's productive en]gy4 ,x happ5s t 9 ma*9e production & 9 ! division ( labor !re are emotional & intellectual possibilities :i* 7 non-exi/5t 9 ! e>li] & simpl] me?ods ( production4 ,z p[] lat5t 9 inorganic matt] has be5 fre$ & appli$ to common ne$s1 an environm5t has be5 evolv$1 fill$ ) situations incomp>ably m dramatic ?an ! prov9cial affairs ( deta*$ p & communities4 ,al?\gh ?is te*nological subject matt]1 ri* 9 opportunities = associat$ adv5ture & inf9ite discov]y1 is n a "p ( common exp]i5ce1 x exi/s1 & if call$ out f its isolation = purposes ( common exp]im5tation1 x is fit matt] = mak+ sci5ce a vital exp]i5ce 9 ! productive life ( ! work]4 ,indu/ry "u ! direction ( bus9ess w n op5 up ! adv5ture ) its /imulat+ factors to its subs]vi5t labor =ce1 unless x happ5s t ! pres5t me?ods fail1 9 "t1 to c>ry =w>d indu/rial ent]prise on a pr(it-mak+ basis2 or unless labor develops ! p[] :i* spr+s f desire = creative exp]i5ce1 to und]take ! direction & control ( indu/ry4 ,! pres5t is bett] ?an any "t e>li] 9 ! hi/ory ( te*nology = ! developm5t ( a concept ( indu/ry z a socially creative ent]prise4 ,z craftsman%ip ext5d$ & int5sifi$ an int]e/ 9 p]sonal own]%ip1 x magnifi$ ! value ( possessions2 z x deep5$ ! desire = protection ( private prop]ty & ! /r5g!n+ ( prop]ty laws aga9/ human laws1 x 0 n a socializ+ =ce4 ,:ile ! craftsman%ip p]iod /r5g!n$ p]sonal claims on workman%ip & int]e/ 9 x1 me*anical p[] & division ( labor h imp]sonat$ indu/ry4,a ,9 ! labyr9? ( me*anical processes & economic calculation x is n to-day possible = a work] to ?9k or speak ( a product z 84 ,he has no basis = own]%ip claims 9 any article2 ev5 ! price is arrang$ betwe5 buy] & sell] & he is n ! sell]4 ,an article owes its exi/5ce to an inf9ite numb] ( p]sons & its place 9 ! m>ket to z _m m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?or/e9 ,vebl5--,in/9ct ( ,workman%ip1 ,*apt] ,v4 ,a work]'s claim to ! product ( 8 labor is m]g$ 9 an inf9ity ( claims :i* makes ! product m ne>ly ! prop]ty ( society ?an ( any "o individual4 ,& ?is m]g+ ( claims :i* has result$ 9 ! subm]g+ ( all wage work]s1 has set up ! new educational task ( discov]+ ! possibilities = creative exp]i5ce 9 associat$ ent]prise4 ,:ile an article manufactur$ "u bus9ess conditions is ! product ( en=c$ association1 we h 9 ?is condition ! me*anics ( a real association4 ,z x n[ /&s1 ! association is "o ( individuals1 ) ! impulse = association & = creative ef=t left out4 ,! int]e/s ( "s n9ety work]s associat$ toge!r 9 ! mak+ ( a %oe are n common b antagoni/ic1 except z !y are common 9 _! antagonism to ! own] ( ! %oe on :i* !y "w4 ,!y hang toge!r because !y mu/2 _! p>t+ is ! be/ "p ( a work+ day4 ,& yet ! practice ( divid+ up ! fabrication ( an article among ! memb]s ( a gr\p in/ead ( conf9+ ! mak+ ( x to "o or two p1 op5s up ! possibility ( ext5sive social int]c\rse1 & has ! p[]1 we may discov]1 to sublimate ! inord9ate desire = ! int5sive satisfaction ( p]sonal life4 ,al?\gh ! division ( labor has giv5 u a society :i* is abortive 9 its function+ l a ma*9e ) half assembl$ p>ts1 x (f]s u ! me*anics = int]dep5d5ce & ! opportunity to "w out a cord9at$ indu/rial life4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,adapt+ ,,p ,,to ,,indu/ry--,,! ,,am]ican ,,way ,z ma*9e p[] rivall$ h& "w1 promot]s ( indu/ry until rec5tly reli$ = its advancem5t on ! p]fection ( te*nology1 giv+ little ?\ght to ! p]fection ( labor4 ,x 0 confid5tly assum$ t labor1 out ( its own necessities1 w\ld adapt itself automatically to ! new requirem5ts ( ! ma*9e1 & to ! %ifts ( bus9ess int]e/4 ,:5 x 0 discov]$ t !re 7 limitations to labor's volunt>y adaptation "u ! conditions laid d[n1 intellig5t bus9ess 9 ,am]ica decid$ t ! responsibility = realiz+ labor's adaptation or labor's cop]ation z !y call x1 mu/ be assum$ by ! managem5t ( indu/ry & t t managem5t mu/ be sci5tifically work$ out & appli$4 ,sci5tific managem5t is sci5tific z x subjects ! labor op]ations on ea* job1 ea* specific job to be p]=m$ 9 a factory1 to a te/+ out ( ! en]gy consum$2 to discov]+ h[ to secure labor's maximum productivity )\t wa/e ( "t or en]gy4 ,x is sci5tific z ! manag]'s /ate ( m9d t[>ds ! physical & psy*ological reactions ( ! work]s is "o ( inquiry & a read9ess to accept1 z facts ( me*anical sci5ce are accept$1 ! reaction ( ! work]s4 ,a sci5tific manag]1 or eng9e] z he is (t5 call$1 be>s ! same relation to ! labor =ce 9 a factory t an electrical eng9e] be>s to ! electrical equipm5t4 ,if 8 att5tion to ! emotional reaction ( ! work]s is less deta*$ ?an sci5tific /&>ds require1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t he is try+ to make adju/m5ts :i* mu/ fir/ ( all meet def9ite bus9ess conditions4 ,:]e ! reactions ( ! work]s int]f]e ) ! :ole s*eme ( bus9ess adm9i/ration1 7& int]f]e !y ceaselessly d71 he has to sub/itute measures :i* are n /rictly speak+ sci5tific4 ,on ^! occasions he adopts humanit>ian s*emes1 :i* are g5]ally spok5 ( z welf>e "w4 ,x is ! introduction ( ^! s*emes :i* look l a slop ov] f sci5ce to *>ity1 t makes x difficult = outsid]s to tell j :at sci5tific managem5t is & :at x is n4 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,taylor1 ! f\nd] ( sci5tific managem5t1 0 capable ( sci5tific deta*m5t 9 /udy+ work+ m5 9 relation to ! specific job4 ,he 0 able m notably ?an o!rs _h be5 be=e him1 & m ?an _m :o h foll[$ him1 to ext5d ! imp]sonal /ate ( m9d1 :i* he enjoy$ 9 ! /udy ( inorganic en]gy1 to 8 /udy ( human en]gy4 ,mr4 ,taylor's int]e/ did n emanate f sympa?y ) labor 9 its h>d%ips2 8 int]e/ 0 c5t]$ 9 an ef=t to cons]ve & apply labor en]gy ) maximum economy = weal? production4 ,mr4 ,taylor awak5$ ! consci\sness ( indu/rial manag]s to ! fact t ! en]gy ( work]s l ! p[] ( ma*9]y is subject to laws4 ,he demon/rat$ t x 0 possible 9 specific op]ations to discov] h[ ! highe/ degree ( en]gy c\ld be atta9$ & ! l>ge/ output result1 )\t loss ?r\gh fatigue4 ,he %[$ h[ effici5cy c\ld be enhanc$ by transf]r+ ! responsibility ( /&>ds ( "w f ! work]s to ! manag]s4 ,he =mulat$1 z a bus9ess & indu/ry doctr9e1 t a def9ite relation betwe5 ! exp5diture ( labor en]gy & ! labor rew>d c\ld be e/abli%$2 t ! wage inc5tive1 if appli$ to labor 9 relation to en]gy exp5d$1 w\ld yield1 or might be expect$ to yield increas$ returns4 ,^! inc5tives1 rew>ds1 /imuli1 :i* employ]s c\ld apply w\ld produce1 he /at$ ) unsci5tific f]vor1 ! work]s' initiative4 ,! inability ( ,mr4 ,taylor & o!r sci5tific manag]s to di/+ui% betwe5 initiative & %ort liv$ reaction to /imulus is simple evid5ce t _! sci5tific exp]im5ts 7 conf9$ to comp>isons :i* !y c\ld make betwe5 a yield 9 weal? :]e ! /imulus to labor is weak1 & a yield :]e x is /rong4 ,!y w n discov] :at a work]'s productivity is1 or might be1 :5 incit$ by 8 impulse to "w1 nor w !y secure labor's initiative1 until !y release ! factors1 lat5t 9 indu/ry1 :i* h inspirational1 creative =ce4 ,! attitude ( ,mr4 ,taylor & 8 foll[]s1 h[ev]1 diff]s f t ( ! ord9>y manag] :o ma9ta9s an irritat$ disreg>d ( ! di/urb+ elem5ts in/ead ( accept+ !m &1 z f> z is consi/5t ) bus9ess pr9ciples1 allay+ or cajol+ !m4 ,! significant contributions :i* sci5tific managem5t has made are 9 l9e ) ! exp]im5ts orig9ally introduc$ by ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,!y call = ! /udy ( ea* new task by ! managem5t1 = discov]+ ! economy 9 ! exp5diture ( labor en]gy be=e x is submitt$ to ! work+ =ce2 ! /&>diz+ ( ! task 9 con=mity ) ! f9d+s2 ! tea*+ ( ! approv$ me?ods to ! work+ =ce2 ! introduction ( inc5tives :i* w insure ! full response ( labor 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! task4 ,beside ! /&>diz+ ( tasks & ! relat+ ! wage to ! fix$ /&>d1 sci5tific managem5t has made int5sive exp]im5ts 9 ! s*$ul+ ( ! v>i\s op]ations to be p]=m$1 :i* are divid$ among ! work+ =ce1 s t no "o op]ation is held up await+ ! completion ( ano!r4 ,x has %[n 9 ?is connection t "w c be r\t$ s t ! "t ( work]s is n lo/4 ,! mo/ successfully manag$ factories also plan _! annual product s t employm5t w be cont9u\s4 ,!y h discov]$ t ! p]iods ( unemploym5t s]i\sly affect ! p]sonnel ( a labor =ce & !y e/imate t ! turnov] ( ! labor =ce :i* requires ! con/ant break+ 9 ( new m5 is an item ( s]i\s f9ancial loss4 ,! ,=d ,automobile ,works at "o "t hir$ #ej1jjj m5 9 "o ye> :ile n employ+ at any "o "t m ?an #ad1jjj4 ,!y e/imat$ t ! co/ ( break+ 9 a new man av]ag$ #gj4jj4 ,to r$uce ?is co/1 !y in/itut$ pr(it %>+1 z an inc5tive = m5 to rema94 ,o!r factories h e/imat$ ! co/ ( replac+ m5 f #ej4jj to #bjj4jj4 ,a rubb] conc]n 9 ,ohio has a labor turnov] ( #aej p] c5t4 ,9 connection ) ! ef=t to r$uce ! turnov] 9 ! labor =ce ! managem5t ( well organiz$ factories takes great c>e to e/imate a work]'s value be=e employ+ him4 ,! policy ( transf]r+ a man f "o dep>tm5t to ano!r :]e he is bett] suit$ yields evid5tly valuable results4 ,9 factories :]e !re is ef=t to hold labor1 to make employm5t cont9u\s1 ! turnov] has be5 r$uc$ 9 "s cases to z l[ z #ah p] c5t4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 x is /ill high2 frequ5tly z high z #ej p] c5t1 & #ej p] c5t is /ill consid]$ l[1 ev5 9 factories :i* h giv5 ! subject mu* consid]ation4 ,!re is a t5d5cy 9 develop+ ! me*anics ( effici5cy1 z !y relate to labor1 to e/abli% = ma*9e production /&>ds ( workman%ip4 ,long & we>y exp]i5ce has prov$ t wage e>n]s "u factory me?ods & ma*9e conditions are n int]e/$ 9 ma9ta9+ /&>ds ( "w4 ,! /&>ds :i* are set by ! sci5tific managem5t s*emes ( effici5cy are n1 to be sure1 ! qualitative /&>ds ( craftsman%ip b !y are qualitative z well z quantitative /&>ds ( ma*9e "w4 ,! t5d5cy to e/abli% /&>ds %\ld h educational significance = work]s4 ,x w\ld h1 if ! responsibility = sett+ /&>ds z well z ma9ta9+ !m re/$ 9 any measure ) ! work]s2 x w\ld h1 t is1 if ! work]s _h ! int]e/ 9 workman%ip1 :i* z ?+s n[ /& !y h n4 ,! po9t 9 sci5tific managem5t is t effici5cy dep5ds1 :olly dep5ds !y believe1 on c5traliz+ ! responsibility = sett+ & ma9ta9+ workman%ip /&>ds1 on transf]r+ ! responsibility = /&>ds ( "w f work]s :o d x1 to ! managem5t :o directs x done4 ,i h le>n$ ( only "o manag] :o realizes t al?\gh ! factory work]s are n to be tru/$ to ma9ta9 /&>ds1 a managem5t nev]!less w fail to get ! work]s' full cop]ation until x ar\ses _! int]e/ 9 ma9ta9+ !m4 ,! manag] is ,mr4 ,rob]t ,wolf1 :o illu/rat$ ?is po9t at a meet+ ( ! ,taylor ,society 9 ,m>*1 #aiag4 ,9 describ+ ! process ( extract+ ! la/ possible am\nt ( wat] f pap] pulp1 he said3 ,our problem 0 to det]m9e ! be/ l5g? ( "t to keep ! l[ pressure on1 z ! high1 pressure is gov]n$ entirely by ! production com+ f ! wet ma*9e4 ,aft] hav+ det]m9$ t ?ree m9utes ( l[ pressure 444 gives maximum moi/ure te/1 we furni%$ ea* man on ! wet ma*9es ) a clock & ask$ him to leave ?is l[ pressure on j ?ree m9utes4 ,z long z ! =em5 kept con/antly aft] _! m5 & vigilantly foll[$ !m up we obta9$ "s slight increase 9 ! te/2 b x requir$ a con/ant urg+ ^u our "p to focus ! att5tion ( ! m5 ^u ?is ?ree m9ute "t ( l[ pressure4444 ,we realiz$ f9ally t 9 ord] to get ! results we 7 aft]1 x 0 necess>y = u to produce a desire ^u ! "p ( our m5 to d ?is "w 9 ! prop] way 444 s we design$ an in/rum5t :i* w\ld give u a record ( ! "t lo/ betwe5 press+ op]ations1 also ! numb] ( m9utes ! l[ pressure 0 kept on4 ,x took u some?+ ov] a ye> to p]fect ?is ma*9e1 b aft] x 0 f9ally p]fect$ & a record ( ! op]ations made1 we f\nd t ! m5 actually 7 op]at+ at an av]age effici5cy ( #db p] c5t1 & our moi/ure te/ 0 runn+ ab\t #ed p] c5t4 ,our next /ep 0 to po/ a daily record ( ! relative /&+ ( ! m5 9 ! ma*9e room1 putt+ ! m5 :o _h ! be/ record at ! top ( ! li/1 9 ! ord] ( _! weekly av]age effici5cies4 7,! effici5cy ( l[ pressure1 :i* prov$ to be ! mo/ important factor1 0 comput$ by call+ ?ree m9utes ( l[ pressure #ajj p] c5t & two m9utes ei!r way #j p] c5t47 ,z a result ( simply po/+ ?is record our effici5cies rose to ov] #fj p] c5t & our moi/ure te/ increas$ a little less ?an #a p] c5t4 ,"s ( ! be/ & mo/ skill$ m5 _h an effici5cy ( ov] #hj p] c5t1 b q a l>ge p]c5tage ( !m 7 d[n bel[ #ej p] c5t4 ,we !re=e decid$ t x 0 necess>y to h ! =eman give m detail$ in=mation to ! m5 z to :at ! ma*9e meant & h[ _! effici5cies 7 obta9$ & to put ! in/rum5t :i* did ! record+ into a glass case 9 ! ma*9e room :]e all ! m5 c\ld see x4 ,ea* =eman took a portion ( ! *>t & "o ( ! celluloid scales by :i*1 we obta9$ ! effici5cies & expla9$ 9 detail to ea* "o ( ! m5 h[ _! records 7 calculat$4 ,z a result ( ?is1 our effici5cy rose f #fj p] c5t to #hj p] c5t 9 less ?an f\r weeks1 & x has rema9$ at #hj p] c5t ev] s9ce--7ev] s9ce be+ ov] two ye>s7--enabl+ u to get a moi/ure ( ov] #ef p] c5t4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,bullet9 ( ! ,taylor ,society--,m>*1 #aiag4 ,?is 0 accompli%$1 ,mr4 ,wolf told !m1 )\t resort+ to piece "w or bonus or any ( ! special me?ods ( paym5ts1 _! m5 be+ hir$ by ! day ?r\gh\t ! entire plant4 ,mr4 ,wolf accompli%$ ! result by giv+ mean+ to a mean+less task1 by lett+ ! m5 see = !mselves h[ !y arriv$ at results1 lett+ !m see ! diff]5t processes ( gett+ results & kn[+ on _! own acc\nt :i* 7 ! mo/ valuable4 ,!re may be o!r manag]s :o appreciate ! value ( lett+ m5 9 on ! exp]im5tal ef=t ( gett+ results b x is n ! practice to d s & x is oppos$ to ! idea ( transf]r+ ! responsibility f ! work%op to ! manag]'s (fice or laboratory4 ,because ( ?is practice ! educational value ( e/abli%+ /&>ds ( workman%ip is lo/ s f> z ! work]s are conc]n$4 ,mr4 ,wolf's criticism ( or?odox sci5tific managem5t & 8 conclusions are illum9at+2 !y are inde$ revolution>y 9 nature z !y come f a manag] ( a successful indu/rial ent]prise3 ,our ef=ts1 ev] s9ce we began to realize ! workman's po9t ( view1 h be5 n to take responsibility f him4 ,x is our plan to increase 8 responsibility & we feel t x is our duty to tea* him to ex]cise 8 reason+ p[] & intellig5ce to its fulle/ ext5t4 ,!re is no advantage ga9$ by /imulat+ a man's reason+ p[]1 & ?r\gh ?is means 8 creative faculty1 if ! managem5t relieves ! man ( ! responsibility = ea* individual op]ation4 ,! opportunity = self expression1 :i* is synonym\s ) joy 9 "w1 is some?+ t ! workman is entitl$ to1 & we employ]s :o feel t managem5t is to become a true sci5ce mu/ beg9 to ?9k less ( ! sci5ce ( mat]ial ?+s & ?9k m ( ! sci5ce ( human relation%ips4 ,our indu/ries mu/ become humaniz$1 o!rwise !re w be no relief f ! pres5t /ate ( unre/ 9 ! indu/ries ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is connection x might be well to obs]ve t our exp]i5ce 9 ! pulp indu/ry has be5 t in/ructions :i* g too mu* into detail t5d to dead5 int]e/ 9 ! "w4 ,we realize fully ! value ( suffici5t in/ructions to get uni=m results1 b we try to leave z mu* z possible to ! judgm5t ( ! individual op]ator1 mak+ our in/ructions take m ! =m ( con/ant tea*+ ( pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! op]ation ?an ( def9ite fix$ rules ( proc$ure4 ,x is necess>y to produce a desire 9 ! he>t ( ! workman to d good "w4 ,no am\nt ( co]cion w enli/ him ?or\ghly 9 ! s]vice4 ,! new effici5cy is go+ to reckon a great deal m ) ! ne$s ( ! individual man2 b 9 ord] to d ?is1 x mu/ h "s philosophical conception ( ! reason = man's exi/5ce4 ,x is beg9n+ to be und]/ood t :5 we d5y to va/ numb]s ( individuals ! opportunity to d creative "w1 we are violat+ a great univ]sal law4 ,sci5tific managem5t is sacrific+ educational opportunity lat5t 9 ! realization ( workman%ip /&>ds 9 ! same way t ma*9]y sacrific$ x4 ,!y bo? curtail ! work]s' *ance to discov] fir/-h& :at ! processes ( fabrication are1 ! processes 9 :i* !y are involv$2 !y mu/ adopt ready-made me?ods ( do+ _! "w1 !y mu/ accept !m out ( h& )\t que/ion+1 or *ance to "q1 _! validity4 ,work]s end[$ ) good heal? & moral vigor resi/ ^! attempts to put some?+ ov] on !m1 irrespective ( _! good or evil results4 ,! work]s h resi/$ ma*9]y n only because z individuals !y 7 ?r[n1 out ( jobs = a "t or lo/ !m p]man5tly1 b because ! ma*9e impos$ on !m a me?od ( "w1 ( activity ov] :i* !y _h no control4 ,sci5tific managem5t has und]tak5 to ga!r up :atev] bits ( initiative ! ma*9e _h n already tak5 ov] & to h& back to ! work]s at ! b5* directions = !m to foll[ ) a bl9d ability to accept in/ruction4 ,x is incr$ible to factory manag]s t work]s object to be+ taught "r ways ( do+ ?+s4 ,_! objection is n to be+ taught1 b to be+ told t "s "o way is "r )\t hav+ _h ! *ance to "k :y1 or :e!r inde$ x is ! "r way4 ,?is resi/ance to be+ taught1 x seems1 is no?+ m nor less ?an a wayw>d desire ( a work] to d 8 own way because x is 8 way1 & ( c\rse f ! manag]s' po9t ( view1 t is /upid4 ,x is /upid1 b ! /upidity is 9 ! situation4 ,:at does ?is wayw>dness ( ! work] to d 8 own way sugge/8 ,n t he has a way wor? bo!r+ ab\t b t he wants to ex]cise ! quality :i* all indu/rial manag]s agree he does n possess--8 initiative4 ,n[ a man :o has ! desire to ex]cise initiative & does n "k h[ to put any?+ ?r\gh is n only a useless p]son 9 society b ! mo/ pe/if]\s fell[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,all[+ t he is does n mean t he has n ! p[] ( initiative or t he c\ld n h le>n$ to put ?is initiative to good use1 if at any "t 9 8 manhood or y\? he _h be5 taught to use x1 in/ead ( be+ requir$ to foll[ ! accept$ ways ( do+ ?+s )\t hav+ _h ! exp]i5ce ( trial & error4 ,s*ools & factory managem5t give work]s scant opportunity to discov] :e!r !y h initiative or h n4 ,mr4 ,wolf f9ds t :ile x is possible1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 to compel ob$i5ce1 !re is no possible way 9 :i* a man c be compell$ to d 8 "w will+ly & :5 he does x unwill+ly he is f> f be+ effici5t4 ,he mu/ h ! opportunity to enjoy 8 "w & realize himself 9 its p]=mance4 ,9 our plant1 he rem>ks1 we nev] made x a practice to det]m9e arbitr>ily /&>d me?ods = p]=m+ an op]ation1 = we believe t ! m5 :o are actually do+ ! "w h g5]ally z mu* to contribute z ! =em5 & dep>tm5t heads 9 decid+ /&>d practices2 & because we give ! workman ! *ance to h ! mo/ to say ab\t ! matt]1 he is will+ to con=m to ! /&>d1 because x really repres5ts a conc5sus ( op9ion ( ! m5 9 8 p>ticul> gr\p4 ,x is significant 9 ?is connection to rememb] t he does n pay ! m5 by special me?ods to get ! return4 ,i am n necess>ily oppos$ to piece "w or task & bonus me?ods ( paym5t4444 ,we h be5 able to obta9 spl5did results )\t resort+ to a sy/em ( imm$iate money rew>ds4 ,he ?9ks x is bett] to pay ! work]s lib]ally s t !y c =get ?is economic pressure & d good "w because ( ! joy t comes f ! consci\sness ( "w well done4 ,sci5tific managem5t l ord9>y managem5t z a matt] ( fact does n want to cultivate initiative 9 ! rank & file ( work]s2 x w\ld l to f9d m ( x2 & its et]nal expectation is t en\gh ( x w rise out ( ! oppressive atmosph]e ( ! factory sy/em to supply its limit$ ne$s4 ,sci5tific managem5t especially wants ?is1 z x mu/ h m =em5 & tea*]s to c>ry =w>d its advanc$ s*emes ( organization4 ,b e manag] w tell y t indu/ry does n produce m5 ) suffici5t initiative to fill ^! positions4 ,_! e/imates ( ! numb] ( m5 f\nd 9 indu/ry :o h initiative v>ies f "o to five p] c5t4 ,! re/ !y believe are born1 r\t9e work]s4 ,!y speak ( _! limitations z native4 ,manag]s d n /op to consid] t _! judgm5ts are bas$ :olly on ! reaction ( ! mass ( wage work]s to ! special /imuli :i* !y (f]4 ,!y say also t high s*ool & college boys %[ up v little if any bett] 9 respect to initiative ?an ! l[] s*ool product4 ,! tru? is t s*ools & colleges are m conc]n$ ) pass+ on ! /&>ds ( an old] g5]ation to a y\ng]1 & ! y\ng] t g5]ation is ! less x is entru/$ ) opportunity to make its own fir/ h& inquiries4 ,t is1 ! l[] s*ools :i* deal ) a g5]ation at its mo/ pla/ic "t1 furni% ! high] s*ools ) m9ds inur$ to ! pressure ( accept+ subject matt] )\t indep5d5t inquiry or curiosity4 ,factory managem5t l college & s*ool managem5t1 in/ead ( dep5d+ on ! subject matt] to int]e/ ! work]s1 in/ead ( op5+ up to !m ! factors ( int]e/ 9 indu/rial ent]prise1 has adopt$ inc5tives = gett+ ! requir$ "w done4 ,enlight5$ s*ool practice1 out ( long failure to get ! *ildr5's initiative by ! artificial /imulus ( rew>ds = "w done1 n[ dep5ds ^u ! cont5t ( ! subject matt] & ! *ildr5's exp]im5ts ) x1 to develop _! desire to d ! "w4 ,! practice ( dep5d+ on s*ool rew>ds in/ead ( int]e/ 9 subject matt] is l>gely responsible = sup]ficial k & lack ( ability to ?9k z well z to act4 ,z s*ools fail to incite ! int]e/ ( ! *ildr5 !y tra9 !m to put ?r\gh ?is & t task & rew>d !m = x )\t hav+ add$ to _! p[] ( und]tak+ tasks on _! own acc\nt4 ,inde$1 z !y fail to give !m ! *ance to d t1 !y actually decrease :atev] p[] !y may h _h4 ,! do+ ( tasks 9 factories = ! sake ( rew>ds1 gives ! work]s exp]i5ce 9 w9n+ rew>ds4 ,z !y are int]e/$ only 9 ! rew>d1 !y c>ry away no desire or int]e/ 9 ! "w exp]i5ce4 ,z ! me?od ( do+ ! "w is prescrib$ 9 e detail & _! only requirem5t1 "u sci5tific managem5t1 is to foll[ directions ) accuracy1 !y are tra9$ to d _! tasks z ! *ildr5 9 s*ool are tra9$4 ,!y are tra9$ 9 r\t9e1 & to d ea* task z x is giv54 ,?is is n education1 x is tra9+ to d tricks4 ,! work] does n take ov] :at c be call$ exp]i5ce f "o task to ano!r4 ,he =ms c]ta9 motor habits1 call$ skill4 ,b "u ! effici5t me?ods ( sci5tific managem5t ! acquirem5t ( ?is skill is robb$ ev5 ( ! educational value t x _h "u ! unsci5tific me?od ( factory "w1 :i* )9 its limit$ field1 left ! work] to discov] by trial & error :at 7 ! be/ me?ods ( gett+ results4 ,moreov]1 ! /&>ds ( workman%ip :i* sci5tific managem5t sets up are n ! work]'s own /&>ds2 he has _h no "p 9 ! mak+ ( !m or 9 decid+ on ! comp>ative m]its ( ! results4 ,he accompli%es ! results z he foll[s directions1 n = ! sake ( ! result1 n = ! sake ( good workman%ip1 b = ! rew>d4 ,z ,i h said sci5tific managem5t has giv5 ! subject ( inc5tives ! same c>eful ?\ght t x has giv5 to ! /udy ( lo/ en]gy4 ,! two important inc5tives = induc+ ! response ( labor to productive ent]prises :i* sci5tific managem5t has c>ri$ =w>d 9 _! applications1 are wages & promotion4 ,! g5]al assumption is t ! wage z an inc5tive has no limitations1 except ! physical limitation ( a human be+ 9 response to /imulus4 ,& surely x is true t ! *ance to make money is to-day ! mo/ p[]ful /imulus 9 use4 ,b ?\ghtful manag]s ( indu/rial ent]prise tell y1 incr$ible z x may seem1 t ! work]'s objection to apply+ himself to 8 task is n inv>iably ov]come by anticipation ( ! wage return2 he w slack or be p]v]se or ?r[ ov] a job 9 ! face ( opportunities to e>n z good a wage or a bett] "o ?an he c get else:]e4 ,x is well kn[n t work]s jo9t unions 9 ! face ( opposition ( employ]s & at ! risk ( los+ p]man5t positions4 ,a res\rceful manag] 9 "o ( ! mo/ intellig5tly manag$ plants 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates told me t wom5 7 less susceptible ?an m5 to ! wage inc5tive4 ,he f\nd t _m ( !m are cont5t :5 _! wage cov]s a sum :i* repres5ts = !m _! p]sonal requirem5ts2 t !y _c int]e/ !m 9 try+ = m4 ,on t acc\nt ! manag] takes up ! case ( ! individual girl to see if h] ambition to e>n m money _c be /imulat$4 ,!y f9d sometimes t a "m requires h] daught] to give 9 h] :ole wage at ! end ( ! week & t ! girl has no pleasure 9 ! sp5d+ ( x2 !y visit ! "m & p]suade h] to let ! girl keep a proportion ( h] wage & po9t out to ! "m t %e is limit+ ! girl's ambition4 ,!y also f9d girls :o h entire control ov] ! sp5d+ ( _! wages1 :o are )\t ambition to e>n ov] & above a c]ta9 sum because t sum w meet _! own recogniz$ ne$s4 ,! case ( ^! girls ! managem5t tries to cov] by enc\rag+ !m to save = vacations & o!r purposes :i* !y (f] by way ( sugge/ion4 ,9 bo? ( ^! in/ances ! managem5t und]takes to create new wants or ways ( realiz+ wants :i* 7 n recogniz$ by ! work]s !mselves4 ,! satisfaction ( ^! wants may or may n be 9 ! direction ( ext5d+ exp]i5ce & exp&+ contacts4 ,b t is nei!r "h nor !re4 ,! po9t is1 ! manag] ( ! indu/ry has us$ an inc5tive = increas+ production :i* has no relation to production itself4 ,he is =c$ to d ?is because he fails to make ! process ( production a matt] ( int]e/ to ! work]4 ,! processes ( production d n ( !mselves z we "k compel ! work]s' application or /imulate _! desire = productive ent]prise4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( ! case impossible to increase ! wage inc5tive indef9itely4 ,"o l>ge & sci5tifically manag$ plant has made rem>kable provisions = /av+ (f ! "t :5 ! dead l9e is rea*$4 ,!y h tak5 /ock acc\nt ( ! labor p[] !y require1 ! am\nt ( en]gy :i* ea* work] possesses1 = ! purpose ( evaluation & paym5t4 ,!y h und]tak5 to cov] z sep>ate items ea* condition :i* affects a work]'s relation to 8 job4 ,!y rate z sep>ate items ! work]'s pr(ici5cy1 reliability1 cont9uity 9 s]vice1 indirect *>ges1 increas$ co/ ( liv+1 & p]iods ( lay-(f2 !y rate him accord+ to ! numb] ( te*nical processes he is pr(ici5t 91 :e!r or n he is engag$ on m ?an "o2 !y rate him if he att5ds ! night s*ool connect$ ) ! factory & %[s 9 ?is way a disposition to le>n o!r op]ations ?an1 ^? he already kn[s4 ,:y1 !y wond]1 does only t5 p] c5t ( ! =ce take advantage ( ! s*ool & :at1 !y are eag] to f9d out1 c !y d fur!r to secure ! m5's cop]ation4 ,= cop]ation1 !y say1 9 a special way des]ves cr$it1 s9ce x is unexpect$ 444 c]ta9 well def9$ acts ( cop]ation w br+ extra rew>d4 ,_! rew>ds s c>efully calculat$ did n seem to enli/ response z spiritual 9 its nature z cop]ation4 ,x seem$ t !y _h rea*$ ! dead l9e :]e wage /imulus fails to draw its hop$ = response4 ,to get f ! work]s ! highe/ effici5cy ! sci5tifically manag$ plants pay = a task a /at$ rate bas$ on piece or "t2 if ! task is p]=m$ )9 ! "t set & ! directions = do+ ! task z laid out by ! managem5t1 are foll[$1 ! work] receives 9 addition to ! regul> rate1 a bonus4 ,mr4 ,h4,l4 ,grant1 :ile work+ ) ,mr4 ,taylor1 discov]$ t !re 0 weakness 9 ! sy/em ( pay+ bonuses1 & ! weakness 0 n ov]come until he devis$ a me?od ( pay+ ! workman = ! "t all[$ plus a p]c5tage ( t "t accord+ to :at he did4 ,?is me?od he decl>es con/antly induc$ fur!r ef=t & ov]came :at !y discov]$ 0 ! weakness 9 a flat bonus4 ,z fair or z sup]ior z ?is bonus may be 9 relation to ! prevail+ rate 9 ! m>ket1 manag]s say t ! work]s are apt 9 "t to fall bel[ ! /&>d z _! "w becomes r\t9e1 unless ! inc5tive aft] a "t is increas$ or *ang$ 9 "*4 ,9 o!r words ! wage inc5tive is l a virus injection4 ,! dose is n cont9u\sly effective1 except z ! am\nt is increas$ or alt]$4 ,a usual me?od ( keep+ alive ! f9ancial inc5tive is pr(it %>+ & s*emes = p>ticipation 9 pr(its1 b !y are rew>ds ( g5]al m]it & bids = cont9uity ( s]vice2 !y h no direct relation to ! work]s' effici5cy & compliance ) /&>ds :i* di/+ui% ! wage rew>ds ( sci5tifically manag$ plants4 ,promotion1 ! inc5tive second 9 importance to ! wage inc5tive1 is ( assi/ance 9 po/pon+ ! "t :5 ! dead l9e = ! work] is rea*$4 ,no?+ bett] illu/rates ! limitations ( promotion 9 ?is respect ?an ! fact t 9 factories :]e ! turnov] is ! l[e/1 ! opportunity to promote ! work]s decreases2 x falls 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( _! t]m ( s]vice4 ,t is1 *ances = promotion are ! l[e/ 9 factories :]e conditions o!rwise are favorable to ! work]4 ,9 ! factory :]e ! turnov] is only #ah p] c5t ! managem5t says t promotion is a negligible factor4 ,:]e ! turnov] is high !re is great] opportunity 9 plants sci5tifically manag$ ?an 9 o!rs to promote m51 z ! s*eme ( organization calls = a l>g] numb] ( :at !y call functionaliz$ =em5 & tea*]s 9 proportion to ! work+ =ce4 ,x is z ,i h said1 on acc\nt ( ! necessity ( ^! positions 9 ! g5]al s*eme t manag]s ( factories are int]e/$ 9 f9d+ m m5 :o h initiative1 ?an indu/ry "u _! direction has produc$4 ,be=e sci5tific managem5t 0 discov]$1 bus9ess managem5t & ma*9]y already _h robb$ indu/ry ( productive inc5tives1 ( ! real inc5tive to production2 a realization on ! "p ( ! work] ( its social value & 8 appreciation ( its creative cont5t4 ,all t 0 left = sci5tific managem5t to ga!r toge!r = its direction 7 bits ( exp]i5ce :i* work]s ga9$ by _! own exp]im5tal ef=ts at h[ be/ to h&le tools4 ,_! ef=ts x is true 7 n suffici5tly great 9 ?is direction to promise progressive indu/rial advance4 ,! m>g9 = exp]im5t :i* 0 /ill !irs 0 n suffici5tly l>go to insure cont9u$ ef=t inspir$ by an int]e/ 9 ! "w4 ,:5 we h tak5 into full acc\nt ! repressive effect ( sci5tific managem5t on initiative1 we may well admit an advantage3 educationally speak+1 ! repression is direct4 ,! work]s are fully aw>e t !y are do+ :at "s "o else requires ( !m4 ,!y are n "u ! delusion t !y are act+ on _! own initiative4 ,!y are be+ manag$ & !y "k x & all ?+s be+ equal 7:i* !y are n7 !y d n l x4 ,! responsibility !y may cle>ly see & feel re/s ) !m to f9d a bett] s*eme = c>ry+ indu/ry =w>d4 ,! me?ods ( sci5tific managem5t are calculat$ to incite n only op5 criticism f ! work]s b to sugge/ t effici5t indu/ry is a matt] ( le>n+1 & t le>n+ is a game at :i* all c play1 if ! opportunity is provid$4 ,sci5tific manag]s h hop$ t _! plans to cons]ve en]gy & increase ! wage 9 relation to exp5diture ( en]gy w\ld meet little opposition4 ,!y also h hop$ t ! pat]nali/ic feature ( welf>e "w w\ld allay opposition4 ,b ,i am n incl9$ to include ! welf>e s*emes 9 a consid]ation ( sci5tific managem5t2 !y h little light to ?r[ on :at educational significance !re is 9 ! effici5cy me?ods :i* sci5tific managem5t has introduc$ 9 indu/ry4 ,! playgr\nds atta*$ to factories1 ! indoor provisions = social activity1 ! clubs1 :ile n hav+ an ackn[l$g$ relation to ! sci5tific managem5t ( ! factory & :ile repudiat$ by "s manag]s1 are a common feature ( plants :i* claim to be sci5tifically manag$4 ,!re are sci5tifically manag$ plants :i* object to ! recreational & o!r features :i* h to d ) matt]s outside ! prov9ce ( ! factory1 on ! gr\nd t x is a m$dl+ ) ! p]sonal side ( p's lives4 ,a baseball game connect$ ) ! factory1 said ! educational manag] ( a c]ta9 plant1 has ! effect ( limit+ ! work]s' contacts2 x is mu* bett] = !m1 z x is = e "o1 n to n>r[ _! relation%ips to a small gr\p1 b to play ball ) ! p ( ! t[n4 ,x is significant t ?is conc]n deals ) ! union & con=ms to its regulations4 ,:e!r ?is m g5]\s concept ( ! work]s' lives yields m 9 manufactur$ goods ?an "o t conf9es ! activity ( ! work]s to ! factory 9 :i* !y labor1 sci5tific managem5t1 s f> z ,i "k1 has n discov]$4 ,! v nature ( ! welf>e s*emes sugge/s t !y are inspir$ m out ( fe> ( ! work]s' fre$om ( contact ?an laun*$ on acc\nt ( comp>ative f9d+s :i* relate /rictly to ! economy ( labor p[]4 ,! policy ( leav+ ! work]s free1 x 0 cle> 9 ! in/ance j cit$1 _h be5 adopt$ out ( a p]sonal pref]5ce = fre$om 9 relation%ips4 ,! introduction ( cl9ics1 re/ rooms1 re/aurants1 sanit>y provisions1 & all arrangem5ts relat+ directly to ! work]s' heal? h a be>+ on effici5cy & productivity :i* is well recogniz$ & probably univ]sally endors$ by effici5cy manag]s1 ev5 if !y are n inv>iably adopt$4 ,sci5tific managem5t wants two ?+s2 m m5 9 ! labor m>ket to fill ! positions ( functionaliz$ =em51 m m5 ?an mod]n indu/rial society has produc$2 & x wants an army ( work]s :o w foll[ directions1 foll[ !m z "o ( ! manag]s said1 z soldi]s foll[ !m4 ,x wants ?is army to be end[$ z well ) ! impulse to produce4 ,x may by its me?ods realize "o ( its wants1 t is1 an army ( work]s to foll[ directions2 b z x succe$s 9 ?is1 z x is successful 9 robb+ indu/ry ( its cont5t1 & z x r$uces processes to r\t9e1 x w limit its *ances to f9d =em5 :o h initiative & x w fail to get f work]s ! impulse to produce goods4 ,dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s1 "u ! /ress ( a consum+ w> e /imulus employ$ by bus9ess managem5t = spe$+ up production has be5 advanc$4 ,organiz$ effici5cy 9 ! h&l+ ( mat]ials has increas$ ! output1 z increas$ rew>ds to capital & labor h /imulat$ ef=t4 ,b ! quantitative dem& ( consumption requirem5ts is insatiable4 ,x is n humanly possible "u ! pres5t indu/rial arrangem5ts to satisfy ! _w's dem& = goods1 ei!r 9 "t ( w> or peace4 ,x 0 nev] m app>5t ?an x is n[1 t an increase 9 a wage rate is a tempor>y exp$i5t & t wage rew>ds are n effici5t m$ia = secur+ su/a9$ int]e/ 9 productive ent]prise4 ,x is becom+ obvi\s t ! wage sy/em has n ! qualifications = ! cord9ation ( indu/rial life4 ,z ! ne$s ( ! nations "u ! pressure ( w> h br\ght out ! ineffici5cies ( ! economic in/itution1 x has become suffici5tly cle> to ^? responsible = ! conduct ( ! w> & to l>ge sections ( ! civil population1 t weal? exploitation & weal? creation are n synonym\s2 t ! production ( weal? mu/ re/ on o!r motives ?an ! desire ( individuals to get z mu* & give z little z p>ticul> situations w /&4 ,9 ,engl& & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! individuali/ic conception ( ! indu/rial life has be5 an inh]5t "p ( our national philosophy1 ! gov]nm5ts1 ) cauti\s res]vations1 h assum$ responsibilities :i* _h be5 c>ri$ 9 normal times by bus9ess4 ,because bus9ess adm9i/ration _h be5 dep5d5t = its exi/5ce on a s*eme ( pr(ite]+ x is n 9 ! position :]e x c appeal to labor to contribute its productive p[] 9 ! _s ( patriotic ab&on4 ,b gov]nm5ts z !y h tak5 ov] c]ta9 indu/rial responsibilities are 9 a bett] position to make su* appeals to capital z well z to labor4 ,! calculable effect ( ! appeal to capital to assume ! responsibility is 9 ! long run ( pass+ importance1 z "u ! pres5t bus9ess arrangem5t t is ! position capital occupies4 ,9 o!r words1 ! appeal w m>k no *ange 9 capitali/ psy*ology z x promises to d 9 ! case ( labor4 ,! calculable effect on labor psy*ology may h revolution>y significance4 ,x is q ano!r sort ( appeal 9 its effect f ! /]eotyp$ & famili> "o ( employ]s to labor to feel _! responsibility4 ,t appeal nev] rea*$ ! consci\sness ( work+ m5 = ! reason t x is impossible to feel responsible or to be responsible :]e !re is no *ance ( be>+ ! responsibility4 ,exp]i5c+ responsibility 9 indu/ry means no?+ m nor less ?an %>+ 9 ! decisions1 ! det]m9ation ( proc$ure1 z well z suff]+ f ! failure ( ^? decisions & p>ticipat+ 9 _! successful ev5tuation4 ,z ! gov]nm5ts 9 ! pres5t case h made _! appeals to labor !y h c>ri$ ! sugge/ion ( p>tn]%ip 9 responsibility because ! gov]nm5t is presumably ! p's voice & its ne$s also presumably are ! common ne$s & n ! special int]e/s ( individuals4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t x 0 n ! int5tion ( gov]nm5t (ficials :o made ! appeal to excite a lit]al int]pretation2 !y did n expect to be tak5 s s]i\sly & up to date !y h n be5 tak5 m s]i\sly ?an !y int5d$ by ,am]ican labor4 ,all !y mean & :at !y expect to ga91 is :at employ]s h meant & want$2 t is labor's surr5d] ( its assum$ "r to /rike on ! job1 its surr5d] ( its organiz$ "t /&>ds & its pr9ciple ( collective b>ga9+4 ,b :5 (ficials speak 9 ! "n ( a gov]nm5t :at !y mean is unimportant2 :at x means to ! p to h !m speak1 & ! p's int]pretation ( :at !y say1 is ! important matt]4 ,^! appeals ( ! gov]nm5ts 9 ?is "t ( w> to ! work+ p h ! t5d5cy to cle> ! environm5t ( ! sugge/ion t common labor1 t is ! wage e>n+ class 7z di/+ui%$ f sal>i$ p1 employ]s & ! pr(ite]s pure & simple7 are incompet5t to play a responsible "p 9 ! "w ( weal? production4 ,a responsible "p does n mean m]ely do+ well a deta*$ & te*nical job2 x means fac+ ! risks & %>+ 9 ! exp]im5tal exp]i5ce ( productive ent]prise z x s]ves ! promotion ( creative life & ! ne$s ( an exp&+ civilization4 ,z ! appeals ( ! gov]nm5ts at ?is "t be> ! /amp ( a nation's w1 its valuation & respect = common labor1 !re is ! *ance1 x seems1 t !y may c>ry to ! work]s ! en]giz+ ?\ght t all ! memb]s ( ! indu/rial gr\p mu/ assume1 actually assume1 responsibility = production1 if production is to advance4 ,equally important 9 ! int]e/ ( creative "w is ! p[] ( ^! appeals to %ift ! motive = production f ! acquisitive to ! creative impulse4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! _w's em]g5cy1 driv5 by ! fe> ( de/ruction ! nations h turn$ in/9ctively to ! unus$ creative =ce 9 human & common labor1 t is to ! ability ( ! wage e>n] to ?9k & plan4 ,if ! response ( labor is g5u9e1 if ) g5]\s ab&on x releases its full productive en]gy1 x is q c]ta9 z matt]s n[ /& t nei!r ! gov]nm5ts nor ! f9anci]s are prep>$ to accept ! consequ5ce4 ,if labor 9 answ] to ^! appeals ga9s ! confid5ce t x is compet5t to c>ry indu/rial responsibility1 or r t common labor1 toge!r ) ! tra9$ te*nicians 9 me*anics & indu/rial organization are compet5t z a produc+ gr\p to c>ry ! responsibility1 "o ne$ we may be sure w be elim9at$ :i*1 has be5 an irritat+ & an unproductive elem5t 9 indu/rial life2 ,i mean ! ne$ ! work]s h _h = ! cultivation ( class isolation4 ,z ! work]s become 9 ! e/imation ( a community & 9 _! own e/imation1 responsible memb]s ( a society1 _! m r ?an less abortive ef=t to develop class feel+ 9 ,am]ica1 w disappe>4 ,"u ^? conditions conc]t$ class action w be conf9$ to ! employ]s ( labor & ! pr(ite]s1 :o w be plac$ 9 ! position ( prov+ _! value & _! place 9 ! bus9ess ( weal? creation4 ,on ?is ,i believe we may c\nt1 t labor w drop its def5sive program = a con/ructive "o1 z x comes to appreciate its own creative pot5tiality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,judg+ f rec5t ev5ts 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! gov]nm5t appeals to labor h _h long] "t to take effect1 x seems t new bra9 tracks 9 labor psy*ology h actually be5 creat$4 ,engli% labor app>5tly is beg9n+ to take ! impassion$ appeals ( its gov]nm5t s]i\sly & is mak+ ready to assume ! responsibility = production4 ,! resolutions adopt$ by ! ,labor ,p>ty at its ,nott+ham ,conf]5ce 9 ,novemb] 9 #aiag cov]$ organiz$ labor's usual def5se program relat+ to wage conditions4 ,! ,manife/o :i* 0 issu$ 0 fir/ ( all a political docum5t1 writt5 & compil$ = campaign purposes4 ,b ! significance ( ! p>ty's action is ! new int]pretation :i* x is beg9n+ to give indu/rial democracy4 ,x is evid5t :]e /ate own]%ip is contemplat$ t ! old idea t indu/ry w\ld pass "u ! adm9i/rative direction ( gov]nm5t (ficials1 is replac$ by ! gr[+ int5tion & desire ( labor to assume responsibility = adm9i/ration :e!r indu/ry is publicly or privately own$4 ,! ,p>ty /&s = ! wide/ possible p>ticipation bo? economic & political 444 9 indu/ry z well z 9 gov]nm5t4 ,9 explanation ( ! ,manife/o1 ! lead] ( ! ,p>ty is quot$ 9 ! ,man*e/] ,gu>dian z say+1 t :5 labor n[ speaks ( indu/rial democracy x no long] means :at x did be=e ! w>2 x does n mean political adm9i/ration ( economic affairs2 x means prim>ily indu/rial self-gov]nm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]haps an ev5 bett] evid5ce ( ! int5tion ( ,engli% labor 9 ?is direction is ! movem5t t[>ds dec5tralization 9 ! trade union organization4 ,?is movem5t1 kn[n z ! %op-/ew>ds movem5t is ess5tially an ef=t ( ! m5 9 ! work%ops to assume responsibility 9 indu/rial recon/ruction aft] ! w>1 a responsibility :i* !y h h]et(ore "u all circum/ances delegat$ to repres5tatives n connect$ directly ) ! "w 9 ! %ops4 ,z ^! repres5tatives 7 isolat$ f actual problems ( work%op production & ali5 !re=e to ! problems 9 _! te*nical & specific application1 !y 7 incapable ( function+ effici5tly z ag5ts ( productive ent]prise4 ,?is %op /ew>ds movem5t recognizes & provides = ! int]dep5d5ce ( indu/rial int]e/s1 b at ! same "t x conc]ns itself ) ! compet5t h&l+ ( specific matt]s4 ,su* organization z ! movem5t 9 ,engl& seems to be evolv+1 ! syndicali/s h cont5d$ = z !y oppos$ ! ,g]man idea ( /ate socialism4 ,b ! syndicali/s 9 _! propag&a did n develop ! idea ( indu/ry z an adv5ture 9 creative ent]prise4 ,in/ead !y emphasiz$1 z did ! political sociali/s & ! trade unioni/s1 ! importance ( protect+ ! work]s' %>e 9 ! possession ( weal?4 ,!y made ! _w und]/& t bus9ess adm9i/ration ( indu/ry exploit$ labor1 b !y did n br+ out t bo? capital & labor1 s f> z x 0 possible = ea* to d1 exploit$ weal?4 ,t 0 n ! vision ( indu/ry :i* !y c>ri$ f _! %ops to _! meet+s or inde$ to _! homes4 ,_! failure at exploitation 0 too obvi\s4 ,an int]e/+ illu/ration ( :at w\ld happ5 9 ! ranks ( ! syndicali/s if ! bus9ess idea ( labor's intellectual & emotional incapacity = function+1 gave way be=e a community's confid5ce 9 ! capacity ( labor--we h 9 ! case ( ! migratory work]s 9 ! h>ve/+ ( our we/]n crops4 ,! h>ve/]s :o foll[ ! crops ) ! seasons f ! s\!rn to ! nor!rn bord]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & into ,canada are memb]s ( ! mo/ uncompromis+ly militant organization ( syndicali/s1 ,! ,indu/rial ,work]s ( ! ,_w4 ,on an av]age x takes t5 ye>s = ^! h>ve/]s to become skill$ work]s & ^! m51 memb]s ( ?is condemn$ organization1 are ! mo/ highly skill$ h>ve/]s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,on acc\nt ( _! revolution>y doctr9es & _! comb9$ det]m9ation to reap rew>ds z well z crops1 !y are consid]$ & treat$ l outlaws1 & outlaws ( ! e/abli%$ ord] !y are 9 _s4 ,:5 ! own]s ( ! f>ms ( ,nor? ,dakota realiz$ t _! own returns on ! h>ve/s 7 div]t$ 9 ! m>ket+ ( _! gra91 !y comb9$ = protection aga9/ ! gra9 ex*anges & ! elevator tru/s4 ,:ile develop+ _! movem5t !y discov]$ t ! natural alliance = _! organization to make 0 ) ! m5 :o 7 involv$ ) !m 9 ! production ( gra94 ,& z ! f>m]s h accept$ ! h>ve/]s z p>tn]s !y h =m$ 9 effect a cord9at$ produc+ comb9ation4 ,)\t f9ally settl+ ! problem ( agriculture1 !y h /r5g!n$ ! production gr\p & elim9at$ /rife at ! mo/ vital po9t4 ,9 ! p]iod ( recon/ruction ! indu/rial issues ( significance to democracy w be :e!r or n managem5t ( indu/ry z x has be5 assum$ by ! /ate = ! purpose ( w> %all rev]t aft] ! w> to ! condition ( incompet5cy :i* ! w> em]g5cy disclos$ or :e!r /ate managem5t %all be ext5d$ & develop$ z x 0 9 ,g]many aft] ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>4 ,=tunately1 ^! evid5ces ( a new int]e/ ( labor 9 indu/ry z a social in/itution1 give u "s reason to hope t we %all n be conf9$ to a *oice betwe5 bus9ess incompet5cy & /ate socialism4 ,! evid5ce ( ! desire on ! "p ( ! labor =ce to p>ticipate 9 ! developm5t ( production is ! factor we %\ld keep 9 m9d 9 any plans = democratic indu/rial recon/ruction4 ,x is inevitable t an ef=t to op5 up & cultivate ?is desire ( labor w be reg>d$ by ! pres5t gov]n+ =ces ) appreh5sion4 ,! movem5t ( labor 9 ?is direction is n[ look$ ^u ) suspicion ev5 by p :o are n 9 a position ( control4 ,! g5]al run ( p 9 fact outside ( ^? :o recognize labor z a fundam5tal =ce 9 indu/rial recon/ruction1 conceive ( ! labor p z an irresponsible mass ( m5 & view _! movem5ts z expressions ( an irresponsible desire to seize responsibility4 ,!y are ! m5 :o are n exp]i5c$ 9 bus9ess affairs & !re=e _c1 x is believ$1 be tru/$4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ tru/+ !m are ! same old argum5ts advanc$ = _m c5turies aga9/ inroads on ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ov]-lord%ip4 ,b ov]-lord%ip has fl\ri%$ at all times1 & 9 ! pres5t s*eme ( indu/ry x fl\ri%es z x always has1 9 proportion to ! reluctance ( ! p to p>ticipate z responsible factors 9 matt]s ( common conc]n4 ,corruption & exploitation ( gov]nm5ts & ( indu/ry are dep5d5t ^u ! broade/ possible p>ticipation ( a :ole p 9 ! exp]i5ce & responsibilities ( _! common life4 ,x is = ?is reason t we ne$ to fo/] & develop ! opportunity z well z ! desire = responsibility among ! common p4 ,aft] ! w>1 x is to be hop$ t ,am]ica w und]take to realize ?r\gh its s*emes = recon/ruction its pres5t ideals ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,z x does ?is1 we %all discov] t ! issues :i* are ( significance to democracy are ( significance to education2 = democracy & education are processes conc]n$ )1 ! p's ability to solve _! problems ?r\gh _! exp]i5ce 9 solv+ !m4 ,if ,am]ica is ev] to realize its concept ( political democracy1 x c accept nei!r ! autocratic me?od ( bus9ess managem5t nor ! bureaucratic s*emes ( /ate socialism4 ,x _c realize political democracy until x realizes 9 a l>ge measure ! democratic adm9i/ration ( indu/ry4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,adapt+ ,,p ,,to ,,indu/ry--,,! ,,g]man ,,way ,/ateman%ip 9 ,g]many cov]$ indu/rial /rategy z well z political4 ,its labor protection & regulations 7 9 l9e ) its imp]ial policy ( dom9ation4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s labor protection f ! po9t ( view ( /atesman%ip has be5 urg$ 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,! wa/e ( life is a matt] ( unconc]n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s long z private bus9ess c repl5i% its labor )\t s]i\sly deplet+ ! ov]supply4 ,x becomes a matt] ( conc]n only :5 !re are no work]s wait+ = employm5t4 ,! ,g]man /ate has regulat$ ! conditions ( labor & cons]v$ human en]gy because its purpose has be5 n ! %ort-liv$ "o ( private bus9ess1 b ! long-liv$ "o ( imp]ial competition4 ,x 0 ! policy ( ! ,prussian /ate to cons]ve human en]gy = ! /r5g? & ! enri*m5t ( ! ,empire4 ,:atev] 0 good = ! ,empire 0 good1 x 0 assum$1 = ! p4 ,! humanit>ians 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o tri$ to introduce labor legislation 9 _! own c\ntry accept$ ?is nave philosophy ( ! ,g]man p1 :i* _h be5 s skilfully develop$ by ,prussian /atesm51 )\t appreciat+ t its result 0 en]vat+4 ,our prevail+ political philosophy1 h[ev]1 t work]s & capitali/s und]/& _! own int]e/s & are m capable ?an ! /ate ( look+ aft] !m1 /ood 9 ! way ( adopt+ on gr\nds ( /atesman%ip ! ,g]man me?ods4 ,! ,am]ican work+ man has nev] be5 conv9c$ t he c get odds ( mat]ial advantage f ! /ate4 ,8 me?od is to get all he c ?r\gh pull1 good luck or 8 sup]ior wits4 ,he c\ld f9d no satisfaction l 8 ,g]man bro!rs 9 surr5d]+ concrete int]e/s = "s ab/ract idea ( a /ate4 ,he c\ld f9d no great] pleasure 9 be+ exploit$ by ! /ate ?an he n[ f9ds 9 exploitation by private bus9ess4 ,! av]age ,am]ican values life = :at he c get out ( x1 or = :at he c put into x4 ,he has no s5tim5tal value ( s]vice1 nor is s]vice any:]e ) u an in/itutionaliz$ ideal4 ,we judge x on its m]its1 deta*$ p]haps1 b /ill = :at x actually r5d]s 9 values4 ,9 con=mity ) ,am]ican ideals1 wage e>n]s look to _! own movem5ts & n to ! /ate = protection4 ,_! movem5ts require inf9ite sacrifice1 b !y supply !m ) an int]e/ & an opportunity = initiative :i* _! job lacks4 ,! mo/ important antidote = ! work]s to factory & bus9ess me?ods is n %ort] h\rs or well calculat$ re/ p]iods or ev5 *ange-(f f "o k9d ( r\t9e "w to ano!r4 ,z important z ^! may be1 re=m 9 labor h\rs does n comp5sate ! work] = 8 exclusion f ! direct+ end ( ! ent]prise ( :i* he is a "p & f a position :]e he c und]/& ! purpose ( 8 "w ,! trade union int]f]5ce ) ! bus9ess ( weal? production is 9 "p an attempt to e/abli% a cord9ation ( ! work] :i* is de/roy$ 9 ! prosecution ( bus9ess & factory organization4 ,! int]f]5ce ( ! union is an attempt to bridge ! gulf betwe5 ! r\t9e ( s]vice & ! adm9i/ration1 & direction ( ! s]vice :i* ! work] gives4 ,i d n int5d to imply t ! labor movem5t is a consci\s attempt at su* cord9ation4 ,x is n4 ,! consci\s purpose is ! direct & simple desire to resi/ specific acts ( dom9ation & to increase labor's economic returns4 ,b any "o :o foll[s ! sacrifices :i* organiz$ work]s make = "s small & equivocal ga9 or :o wat*es !m 9 _! p]iods ( greate/ activity1 kn[s t ! labor movem5t gets its /imulus1 its high pit* ( int]e/1 n f its /ruggle = high] wage rates1 b f ! work]'s p>ticipation 9 ! adm9i/ration ( affairs connect$ ) life 9 ! %op4 ,! real trag$y 9 a lo/ /rike is n ! failure to ga9 ! wage dem&2 ,x is ! return ( ! defeat$ /rik]s to "w1 z m5 unequipp$ ) ! adm9i/rative p[]--z m5 )\t w4 ,!re c\ld be no great] contra/ ( me?ods ( two movem5ts purport+ to be ! same1 ?an ! labor movem5t 9 ,g]many & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,g]man work]s dep5d$ on _! political repres5tatives almo/ :olly to ga9 _! economic rew>ds4 ,_! organizations made _! appeal to ! sort ( a /ate :i* ,bism>ck set up4 ,!y w\ld realize democracy1 happ9ess1 !y believ$1 :5 _! /ate repres5t$ labor & enact$ /atutes 9 its behalf4 ,if ,g]many loses ! w> ! *ances are t ! p may recognize :at x means = ! p ( a nation to let ! title to _! lives re/ ) ! /ate2 !y w "k p]haps :e!r = ! protection !y h be5 giv5 & = ! regulation ( _! affairs & de/9y !y h paid m ?an ! work]s ( o!r c\ntries1 :o1 less protect$ by law1 suff]$ ! exig5cies ( _! assum$ indep5d5ce4 ,h[ mu* ! ,g]man p dep5d$ ^u ! /ate & h[ mu* _! de/9y is affect$ by x is illu/rat$ bett] by _! educational sy/em & its relation to indu/ry ?an by any labor legislative protective practices or policy4 ,george ,k]s*5/e9]1 ! director ( ! ,muni* s*ools1 9 8 book on ,! ,idea ( ! ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 tells u t ! ,purposes & ,duties ( ! s*ools are to realize ! ideal e?ical community1 & t ?is realization is possible 9 s f> z ! educational provisions are made f ! /&po9t ( ! e?ical concept ( ea* /ate4 ,9 ,am]ica we d n ?9k ( ! /ate z ! embodim5t ( our e?ical concepts4 ,! /ate1 z we "k x1 is "o ( ! sev]al in/rum5ts = realiz+ ends1 e?ical z well z mat]ial4 ,! /ate is suppos$ to s]ve ! common ends ( all p4 ,a /ate may be us$1 we are all aw>e1 z an in/rum5t1 ei!r by ,prussian junk]s or ,am]ican bus9ess m52 ei!r may capture a /ate to s]ve _! ends4 ,b z a /ate s]ves special individuals x belies its pr(ess$ reason = exi/5ce1 & 9 ,am]ica is 9 dang] ( fall+ f grace1 s f>1 t is1 z ! common p are conc]n$4 ,b :5 a /ate /&s 9 ! m9ds ( a p z ! embodim5t ( _! ideals z x has 9 ,g]many1 x mu/ = its own purpose sp5d "t & sub/ance 9 pur*as+ ! p's confid5ce4 ,9 assum+ ! place ( gu>dian x mu/ ( necessity m9i/] to ! physical ne$s ( ! p4 ,if x reta9s ! p's confid5ce 9 its gu>dian%ip1 x is incumb5t on x to pursue ?is policy4 ,x is incumb5t on su* a /ate to m\ld ! p's ideas ( :at _! ne$s are4 ,! s*ools obvi\sly (f] ! mo/ hopeful m$ia = ! accompli%m5t ( t result1 & !y h be5 us$ 9 ,g]many m effectively 9 ?is way ?an ! s*ools ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,! ,g]man s*ool sy/em foll[s h>d & fa/ preconceptions ( aims & ends1 & because ( ?is x 0 possible = ,g]many to put ov] its own p>ticul> sort ( effici5cy4 ,z a fir/ requisite ( effici5cy1 ,g]many classifies its p1 gives !m a place 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s1 & holds !m !re4 ,by circumscrib+ )9 def9ite limitations ! exp]i5ce ( individuals x produces speciali/s at ! sacrifice ( a l>g] human developm5t4 ,! classification ( ! p & ! tra9+ ( !m naturally = ! ,g]man purpose falls to ! s*ools4 ,! sort+ out ( individuals beg9s at ! e>ly age ( t5 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools1 :5 ea* *ild's social & economic position is practically det]m9$4 ,x is decid$ !n :e!r he %all be "o ( ! great army ( wage work]s or :e!r he %all fall into "s "o ( ! sev]al social classes & vocations :i* /& ap>t f ! common mass ( wage e>n]s4 ,! *ildr5 9 ! ,g]man s*ools1 :o are select$ at ! age ( t5 = a m promis+ future ?an ! trades hold out1 h m leeway 9 ! mak+ ( _! decision4 ,b ev5 ^! *ildr5 f ! ,am]ican po9t ( view are summ>ily dispos$ ( & fatally consign$4 ,! tell+ (f ( *ildr5 at ! age ( t5 & assign+ !m to a place 9 ! social s*eme = life is n ,am]ican 9 _s1 nor does x con=m to our habits & in/itutions4 ,b1 x is compla9$1 ! ,am]ican habit ( tak+ *ances is n effici5t4 ,! habit ( lett+ *ildr5 escape into life ) _! place unsettl$ creates confusion & makes calculations 9 s]i\s ?+s l indu/ry difficult4 ,!re=e1 unfai?ful to ! developm5t ( our own concepts ( life we are expect$ to emulate ,g]many & to det]m9e ! de/9y ( ! *ild4 ,g]many und]takes to elim9ate ! *ances ( ! individual & ! tak+ ( *ances by ! /ate1 :ile ! ,am]ican ideal is to leave its p free to make ! mo/ ( ea* new exig5cy t life turns up4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 x is decid$ 9 ,g]many :at indu/ry or trade ! *ildr5 %all ent]1 t is1 ! *ildr5 :o at t5 are told (f to indu/ry4 ,aft] !y ent] _! trade1 _! special education = _! job is look$ aft] 9 ! cont9uation s*ools z well z 9 ! %op4 ,_! att5dance at ! cont9uation s*ools is compulsory4 ,?is compulsory att5dance does n only insure supplem5t>y tra9+ = a p>ticul> job1 b holds ! *ildr5 to ! indu/ry :i* 0 *os5 = !m4 ,t is1 a boy is compell$1 if he works 9 ! d9+-room ( a hotel1 to att5d ! cont9uation s*ool = wait]s1 until he is eighte54 ,he may n g to a cont9uation s*ool = but*]s if he decid$ at ! end ( a ye> or s 9 8 fir/ job t he w\ld r be a but*]1 or t he w\ld r d any?+ ?an wait4 ,! cont9uation s*ools protect ,g]man manufacture & ! national indu/rial effici5cy aga9/ indulg5ce 9 su* vag>ies4 ,a but*] w\ld pref] to engage lads :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 but*] %ops & but*] cont9uation classes4 ,av5ues ( escape f jobs j because !y are uncong5ial are ?us q effectively clos$ toge!r )1 ! *ance to exp]im5t ) life--! *ance :i* ,am]icans take = grant$4 ,b x is j ?is elem5t ( wayw>dness & ! opportunity ,am]ica leaves op5 = its indulg5ce among work+ p t makes labor f ! /&po9t ( ,am]ican manufacture s ineffici5t4 ,= want ( opportunity to put individuality to "s acc\nt we frequ5tly fall back on wayw>dness 9 an awkw>d & futile prote/ aga9/ dom9ation4 ,:ile ! ,g]man s*eme ( plac+ its work]s is effici5t 9 its own way1 s also is ! tra9+ = ea* p>ticul> trade4 ,a *ild is tra9$ fir/ to be skillful & second1 to quote ,mr4 ,k]*5/e9]1 to be will+ to c>ry out "s function 9 ! /ate 444 s t he may directly or indirectly fur!r ! aim ( ! /ate4 ,hav+ accompli%$ ?is1 he says ! next duty ( ! s*ools is to accu/om ! individual to look at 8 vocation z a duty :i* he mu/ c>ry out n m]ely 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 own mat]ial & moral welf>e b also 9 ! int]e/ ( ! /ate4 ,f ?is1 he says1 foll[s ! next & greate/ educational duty ( ! public s*ool4 ,! s*ool mu/ develop 9 its pupils ! desire & /r5g? 444 ?r\gh _! vocation1 to contribute _! %>e s t ! developm5t ( ! /ate to :i* !y belong1 may progress 9 ! direction ( ! ideal ( ! community4 ,8 assumption 9 def9+ ! greate/ duty is t ! memb]s ( ! /ate are free to evolve & w evolve a progressive e?ical community4 ,b aft] a *ild has pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( a compet5t tea*+ =ce :i* fits him successfully into a ready-made place1 aft] he has accept$ ?is ready-made place on ! au?ority ( mod]n te*nology & bus9ess1 on ! au?ority ( ! /ate & religion1 t ! place giv5 him is 8 to fill2 to fill 9 accordance ) ! /&>ds det]m9$ by ! s*ools & by indu/ry--aft] all ?is1 x is difficult to imag9e :at else a *ild c\ld d b con=m4 ,he c\ld d no m1 ?us tra9$1 ?an g =w>d 9 ! direction he is pu%$ & 9 ! direction det]m9$ be=e he 0 born4 ,?is is n our idea ( a progressive life4 ,x has be5 und]/ood g5]ally 9 ,am]ica t ,g]many's prep>ation & classification ( h] future work]s & _! placem5t 9 indu/ry1 0 m responsible ?an any o!r policy = ,g]many's place 9 ! _w m>ket4 ,briti% & ,am]ican manufactur]s be=e ! w> urg$ ! emulation ( ,g]man me?ods ( education & a reorganization ( s*ool sy/ems m 9 con=mity ) ! ,g]man4 ,! dem& ( ! manufactur]s = reorganization came at a "t :5 intellig5t educators 9 ,am]ica 7 recogniz+ t "s reorganization 0 necess>y to br+ ! s*ool exp]i5ce ( *ildr5 into relation ) _! environm5t & ) ! actualities ( life4 ,! indu/rial education movem5t 9 ?is c\ntry 0 bas$ on ! ,g]man1 & ! ,g]man idea 0 ! dom9at+ "o4 ,! movem5t "h has %[n little-imag9ation z x adopt$ a sy/em =eign to ,am]ica1 in/ead ( initiat+ s*emes :i* repres5t$ ! aspirations ( a free p4 ,h]man ,s*neid]1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,c9c9nati1 has made "o ( ! mo/ intellig5t contributions 9 ! adaptation ( ! ,g]man s*eme ( education4 ,he divides trades into two classes1 :i* he calls en]giz+ & en]vat+4 ,9 ^? :i* are en]giz+ !re is an elem5t ( individual expression & opportunity = self-direction4 ,! en]vat+ trades are :olly automatic1 & induce a le?>gic /ate ( m9d & body4 ,8 comm5t on ! situation is3 ,we are rapidly divid+ mank9d into a /aff ( m5tal work]s & an army ( purely physical work]s4 ,! physical work]s are becom+ m & m le?>gic4 ,! "w itself is n "* build+2 on ! contr>y1 x is repressive & :5 self-expression comes1 x is h>dly en]giz+ m5tally4 ,! real m5ace lies 9 ! fact t 9 a self-gov]n+ indu/rial community ! m9ds ( ! majority are 9 dang] ( becom+ less capable ( s\nd & s]i\s ?\ght because ( lack ( cont9u\s con/ructive ex]cise 9 e>n+ a livelihood4 ,pr(essor ,s*neid] und]takes to enri* ?is b>r5 soil by alt]nat+ ! "t ( pupils betwe5 ! %op or /ore & ! s*ool1 ?us cord9at+ ! work]'s exp]i5ce1 ) ! assi/ance ( s*oolma/]s :o g into ! %ops & foll[ ! processes ! pupils are engag$ 9 & :o see t ! exp]i5ce ( ! week 9 ! %op is amplifi$ & supplem5t$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,! arrangem5t also provides t ! pupils %all be tak5 ?r\gh ! v>i\s %op processes 9 ! c\rse ( appr5tice%ip4 ,! exp]i5ce :ile x la/s may h educational value = ! pupil4 ,b 9 spite ( :at x may or may n hold1 = ! g5]al run ( pupils x leads up a bl9d alley because ! appr5tice%ip does n fulfill ! promise :i* appr5tice%ip suppos$ly holds out4 ,t is1 ! pupil1 :5 he becomes a work]1 w be ?r[n back into "s factory groove :]e 8 exp]i5ce z an appr5tice _c be us$1 :]e he is clos$ (f f ! *ance to develop & use ! k or tra9+ he receiv$4 ,if1 z ,dean ,s*neid] ass]ts1 we are rapidly divid+ mank9d into a /aff ( m5tal work]s & an army ( purely physical work]s1 & if we _c rev]se our pres5t economic ord] ( ?+s1 !n any appr5tice%ip1 ev5 ?is brave ef=t ( 81 is a pseudo-appr5tice%ip & ev5 9 ! mo/ en]giz+ ( ! trades leads ! pupil n[h]e 9 p>ticul>4 ,ev5 ! skill$ trade ( locomotive eng9e]+1 :i* ,dean ,s*neid] classes z ! mo/ highly en]giz$ ( trades1 does n escape4 ,z a spokesman = ! ,bro!rhood ( ,locomotive ,eng9e]s obs]ves3 ,! big electrical eng9es :i* are be+ introduc$ 9 ! railroad sy/em are rapidly elim9at+ ! factors ( judgm5t on ! "p ( ! eng9e] & trans=m+ t highly skill$ trade into an automatic ex]cise4 ,! "o-"t value ( a trade appr5tice%ip to a y\? 0 t x furni%$ ! backgr\nd = ma/]y ( ma*9e processes2 b appr5tice%ip "u mod]n factory me?ods c d no m ?an make a y\? a good s]vant to ma*9es4 ,! ,s*neid] sy/em fills1 z well z c be fill$1 a s*eme ( appr5tice%ip 9 con=mity ) ! prevail+ %op organization & requirem5ts1 b x is n a fulfillm5t = y\?2 x is n educational4 ,!re is no progression f appr5tice%ip to indu/rial control2 no *ance to use ! k ga9$ :]e opportunity = p>ticipation 9 adm9i/ration & reorganization ( indu/ry is cut (f4 ,! be/ ( trades is a bl9d alley1 educationally speak+4 ,h[ev] abortive su* an ef=t z ,dean ,s*neid]'s might be 9 giv+ work]s opportunity to enri* _! exp]i5ce = _! own recon/ruct+ purposes1 x (f]$ ! pupils m cont5t & bett] tra9+ ?an ! ord9>y s*ool drill 9 its colorless & vapid subject matt]4 ,?is fact is necess>y to be> 9 m9d1 b x %\ld n obscure ! ev5 m significant fact t ! blight+ "* ( indu/ry is due to its motivation1 :i* is weal? exploitation & n weal? creation4 ,all ( ! indu/rial educational exp]im5ts h succumb$ to ! fatalism involv$ 9 ! adaptation ( _! exp]im5ts to t fact4 ,a /aff ( inve/igators1 :o made a ye>'s survey ( ! indu/ries ( ,clevel& ) a view ( det]m9+ :at measures %\ld be adopt$ by ! s*ool sy/em ( ! city to prep>e "y p = wage e>n+ occupation & to provide supplem5t>y trade tra9+ = ^? already employ$1 conclud$ t ! *oice ( occupations %\ld be gov]n$ prim>ily by economic consid]ations2 t ev5 f ! po9t ( view ( ! s*ool1 educational factors c\ld n take prec$5ce ov] economic4 ,!y said3 ,! prim>y consid]ations 9 ! intellig5t selection ( a vocation relate to wages1 /ead9ess ( employm5t1 heal? risks1 opportunity = advancem5t1 appr5tice%ip conditions1 union regulations & ! numb] ( *ances !re are = gett+ into x4 ,^! ?+s are fundam5tal1 & any "o ( !m may well take prec$5ce ov] ! matt] ( :e!r ! ta/es ( ! future wage e>n] run to wood1 brick1 /one or /eel4 ,?is conclusion is fatali/ic1 b x is a brave "o4 ,x does n fall back on weak sub/itutes = reality2 x does n ?r[ ! glamor ( hi/ory & ! ae/hetics ( indu/ry ar\nd trades ) ! poor hope t !y make up = ! cont5t :i* is n !re2 x does n fo/] ! assumption t tra9+ 9 te*nique ( indu/ry or physical sci5ce c enri*1 "u ! circum/ances1 ! work]'s exp]i5ce to any important ext5t4 ,x accepts ! bald tru? t all ! mat]ial class$ z cultural w c\nt = no?+ ( value 9 a factory work]'s life 9 comp>ison ) ! highe/ possible wage 9 ! mo/ en]vat+ ( indu/ries4 ,x /resses ?is highly important factor1 z x %\ld1 b m]ely z a physical necessity4 ,!re is vital education 9 ! consci\sness ( self-support1 9 ! consci\sness t "o is e>n+ ! liv+ "o gets4 ,b "u pres5t conditions ! educational exp]i5ce ( wage recomp5se is n s significant z x might be if x measur$ ! value ( ! labor p]=m$2 if x paid ! work] accord+ to 8 ne$s1 & if he gave 9 return = ! wage accord+ to 8 ability4 ,! ,g>y s*ool sy/em is a notable ef=t 9 public s*ool education to fulfill *ildr5's desire = productive exp]i5ce4 ,x is 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! ,g]man s*eme z x is bas$ on processes :i* h educational =ce & significance4 ,9 say+ ?is ,i diff]5tiate betwe5 tra9+ = indu/ry & p>ticipation 9 ! indu/rial activity :i* is an organic "p ( ! life ( ! *ildr5 & ( ! community4 ,! *ildr5 are an actual "p ( ! repair & con/ruction work+ =ce on ,g>y s*ool build+s & on ! equipm5t4 ,z ! *ildr5 are involv$ 9 ! upkeep ( a s*ool x becomes _! s*ool4 ,!y exp]i5ce ! responsibility ( ma9ta9+ ! s*ool plant1 n by "s artificial s*eme ( p>ticipation1 b by ! actual application ( trade /&>ds & acquir$ te*nique to op]ations :i* h = !m & ^? ) :om !y live important significance4 ,!y ga9 9 _! "w a fir/ h& k ( indu/rial processes & activity4 ,9 conjunction ) skill$ me*anics !y "w on ! c>p5try1 ! plumb+1 ! masonry1 ! in/allation ( electricity us$ 9 ! s*ool build+4 ,!y d ! s*ool pr9t+ & acc\nt+4 ,! *ildr5's life 9 ^! s*ools is an exp]i5ce 9 indu/ry :]e !re is no?+ to hide1 no trade secrets to keep back4 ,! *ildr5 h ! full opportunity ( see+ _! "w ?r\gh to its completion & und]/&+ its purpose & recognis+ its value & use4 ,x provides m ?an any o!r s*ool sy/em a lib]al field = productive endeavor4 ,b ! ,g>y s*ools are n indu/ry2 !y are a _w ap>t2 !y repres5t1 z all s*ools are suppos$ to1 mom5ts sacr$ to education & gr[?4 ,!y are n subject$ to ! te/ ( cord9ation 9 ! _w ( indu/ry4 ,!y give ! *ildr5 a respect = productive ent]prise t %\ld be invaluable lat] 9 effect+ _! resi/ance to ! pro/itution ( _! creative p[]4 ,!y d n give !m exp]i5ce 9 ! adm9i/rative side ( indu/ry = :i* ! *ildr5 ( high s*ool age are ready & 9 ne$4 ,b 9 an admirable way !y subord9ate tra9+ 9 te*nique to purpose & give ! *ildr5 ! exp]i5ce ( ex]cis+ control ov] _! own indu/rial activity4 ,z an indu/rial exp]i5ce = *ildr5 ( gramm> s*ool age1 x is ri*] ?an any o!r s*ool sy/em :i* has be5 develop$4 ,! indu/rial education ( ,g]many :i* 0 recomm5d$ = our adoption & :i* we h emulat$ to an al>m+ degree 9 our indu/rial t[ns1 imposes prevail+ me?ods ( indu/ry & te*nique ( factory processes z f9al & det]m9$4 ,z indu/rial hi/ory & te*nique are taught 9 ! s*ools1 9 effect !y b9d ! *ildr5 to ! curr5t indu/rial practice & to ! curr5t conditions4 ,!y /ifle imag9ation & disc\rage ! concept t indu/ry is an evolv+ process4 ,! effect ( te*nical tra9+ 9 ! ,g]man cont9uation s*ools 7& ! t5d5cy is ! same 9 our own indu/rial education c\rses7 is to tea* ! *ildr5 t ! me?ods & processes z !y are c>ri$ =w>d 9 ! %op are "r4 ,no "q ( _! validity is rais$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,!y are accept$ by ! *ildr5 9 ! _s ( au?ority :i* ! s*ool c>ries1 z !y w\ld n be s f9ally accept$ by !m 9 ! %op4 ,! impress ( a develop$ curriculum1 connect$ ) an active trade exp]i5ce1 t is1 a trade 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are at "w1 l ! curriculum ( a cont9uation s*ool1 is great] ?an ! curriculum :i* has be5 evolv$ = its ab/ract cultural values4 ,z ! curriculum cord9ates %op & s*ool activities & z x fails at ! same "t to /imulate inquiry on ! "p ( ! pupil into indu/rial or special trade processes z !y are practic$ 9 ! %op1 x becomes a positive1 inhibit+ factor 9 ! intellectual life ( ! *ildr54 ,! p]fection ( an indu/rial s*ool room equipm5t ) its trade samples1 its *>ts & maps1 its lit]ature1 relat+ to ! ext5sion1 ( trade & ( comm]ce1 has ! t5d5cy l ! curriculum to impose on ! *ildr5 ! weight ( accompli%m5t1 if ?is equipm5t is n us$ to /imulate inquiry & exp]im5t 9 indu/ry z ! ev] fre% field = adv5ture t x is4 ,b ! int5tion ( ^! indu/rial s*ools is to tra9 ! *ildr5 9 ! acceptance ( processes & me?ods :i* are e/abli%$4 ,n[h]e1 9 no c\ntry1 has ?is int5tion be5 s successfully realiz$1 because n[h]e has x be5 s successfully organiz$ z 9 ,g]many ?r\gh its cont9uation s*ool sy/em4 ,& n[h]e z 9 ,g]many are ! p s successfully subject$ to an in/itutionaliz$ life z x has be5 work$ out 9 ! light ( mod]n te*nology & bus9ess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are o!r & special reasons :y ! be/ ( indu/rial education exp]im5ts 9 ,am]ica h n met ) great] hospitality4 ,! av]age ,am]ican p>5t /ill believes t a boy rises 9 ! indu/rial _w1 n z !y once ?\ght ?r\gh 8 ability z a workman4 ,! m5 ( _! acqua9tance :o h be5 successful1 h atta9$ weal? & position1 n z a rule ?r\gh _! ma/]y ( te*nique or _! skill 9 a trade2 !y h n come by _! promotion m]ely on acc\nt ( good workman%ip1 b ?r\gh influ5ce4 ,x might be t !y _h _h _! *ance ?r\gh a relative or successful bus9ess man1 or x might be t !y got next to a politician1 :o requir$ no o!r qualification ?an sm>tness4 ,a boy 9 a telegraph or a lawy]'s (fice has a bett] opportunity to rea* influ5ce ?an a boy 9 a work%op4 ,! s*ola/ic requirem5t = su* advancem5t z ^! vocations contemplate1 is provid$ = 9 ! e/abli%$ s*ool program ( ! l[] grades4 ,a c]ta9 display ( a few hi/orical & lit]>y facts beside a facility 9 read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic are ! qualifications :i* av]age p>5ts believe are ! necess>y ones = _! *ildr5's advancem5t4 ,&1 tak+ ! situation 9 g5]al z x is1 !y are "r1 & w be z long z ! :ole social sy/em disc\nts productive ef=t & rew>ds exploitation ( productive ent]prise4 ,obvi\sly false f an educational po9t ( view z ^! s*ool /&>ds are1 !y are true to ! facts1 to ! actual situation :i* ! p>5ts h to face4 ,! wave ( popul> opposition to a reorganization ( ! s*ools = a prep>ation ( ! *ildr5 = factory life expresses ! orig9al conception ( popul> education among sov]eign p4 ,! common s*ool sy/em exi/s1 x is /ill assum$1 to fit ! *ildr5 to rule _! own lives2 to give !m an equipm5t :i* w protect !m f a s]vitude to o!rs4 ,its ability to d ?is _h n be5 que/ion$ a g5]ation ago &1 !oretical z its orig9al int5tion is to-day1 its traditional purpose to develop ! p[] ( ea* *ild to gov]n 8 de/9y1 holds ov]4 ,if tra9+ *ildr5 to read1 write & c\nt1 tra9+ !m 9 facts relat+ to hi/ory & language1 did n1 z x _h be5 hop$1 lay ! _w at ! feet ( ! *ildr51 tra9+ !m 9 factory processes1 p>5ts felt compet5t to decl>e1 laid ! *ildr5 at ! feet ( exploit]s4 ,t is :]e 9 any case1 9 ! light ( common exp]i5ce1 !y might expect !m to l&4 ,to reorganize ! s*ools ) t possibility 9 m9d 0 = ! p>5ts a surr5d] ( _! gambl+ *ance4 ,! promot]s ( indu/rial education1 ) "s success1 h made x cle> to ! community g5]ally t p>5ts 7 giv+ heavy odds 9 _! gamble1 b ^! promot]s w\ld h made ?is m obvi\s to p>5ts if !y c\ld h %[n t ! assets accru+ f ! new s*ool curriculum increas$ m mat]ially ?an has ! wage e>n+ capacity ( _! *ildr54 ,! results = individual *ildr5 are n suffici5tly /rik+ to adv]tise ! dep>ture1 & if !y 71 ! dep>ture w\ld n w>rant ! endorsem5t ( ! community on ! gr\nd ( ! high] wage1 z wages are fix$ by competition4 ,!y are advanc$ by a g5]al increase 9 productivity4 ,b ! increase t occurs ?r\gh m effici5t me?ods 9 productive ent]prise is n a real increase2 x does n relatively affect ! social or economic position ( ! wage e>n]4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 ! wage return is n an educator's crit]ion1 9 spite ( ! pragmatic recomm5dation ( ! ,clevel& ,survey4 ,! ,survey's recomm5dation = a reorganization ( ! s*ool sy/em is bas$ on ! belief t ! s*ool is1 or %\ld be1 an integral expression or reflection ( ! life ( ! community2 t to function vitally x mu/ be contemporane\s ) t life1 z are all s]viceable in/itutions4 ,z a s*ool reflects ! life ( a community x enri*es ! exp]i5ce ( ! *ildr5 & end[s !m ) ! k & p[] to deal ) environm5t4 ,:5 a s*ool sy/em disreg>ds1 z our e/abli%$ sy/em does1 ! entire reorganization ( ! indu/rial _w1 x /ultifies gr[? & cultivates at ! same "t an artificial concept ( life1 a false s5se ( values4 ,! ,g]man sy/em ( indu/rial education has recogniz$ ! reorganization ( ! indu/rial _w1 b ?is recognition has meant ! sacrifice ( individual life & developm5t2 x has come to mean 9 %ort ! pro/itution ( a p & ! creation ( a ,frank5/e94 ,none ( our indu/rial educational sy/ems or vocational guidance exp]im5ts disclose ! full cont5t ( ! indu/rial life nor d !y give ! *ildr5 ! k or p[] to deal ) x4 ,! g5]al dissatisfaction ) ^! s*ool movem5ts is t !y nei!r pro/itute ! s*ools 9 ! int]e/ ( ! employ]s nor end[ ! *ildr5 ) p[] to meet _! own problems4 ,! tra9+ 9 te*nique :i* !y supply has a be>+ on ! e day life ar\nd !m :i* /ories ( ,longfell['s life h n4 ,b t te*nique1 divorc$ z x is f its purpose1 its use or f9al disposition1 is z valueless z a crut* = a man )\t arms4 ,an elaboration ( te*nology ?r\gh in/ruction 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( physical sci5ce1 indu/rial & political hi/ory & ! ae/hetics ( indu/ry only emphasizes ! abs5ce ( ! really significant factors4 ,! conspicu\sly abs5t factors 9 all indu/rial educational s*emes are ^? :i* give m5 ! ability to control indu/ry4 ,no "w 9 subject matt] is educational :i* does n 9 int5tion or 9 fact give ! p]son involv$ ! ability to p>ticipate 9 ! adm9i/ration ( indu/ry1 or ! ability to judge ! ext5t ( 8 ma/]y ov] ! subject4 ,indu/rial educational s*emes1 ev5 ! be/ ( !m1 leave ! pupils helpless be=e _! subject4 ,z !y furni% !m ) a c]ta9 dext]ity & acqua9tance ) processes & a supply ( subject matt] necess>ily m or less isolat$1 ! pupils ga9 a s5se ( ! p[] ( ! subject to control !m1 r ?an an exp]i5ce 9 _! p[] to ma/] ! subject4 ,! indu/rial s*ool emphasizes ! fact t ! adm9i/ration & disposition ( weal? production is no conc]n ( ^? v]s$ 9 ! te*nique ( fabrication4 ,_m educators appreciate ! lack ( cont5t provid$ by indu/rial s*ool sy/ems z1 ) weak emphasis1 !y und]take to embroid] ! sy/em ) hi/ory & ae/hetics ( textiles or o!r raw mat]ial :i* ! work]s h&le1 or introduce ! /ory ( pa/ processes4 ,z ?is furbi%+ ( impov]i%$ indu/ry fails dismally to add cont5t1 x succe$s 9 emphasiz+ ! actual pov]ty t exi/s4 ,dr4 ,/anley ,hall makes ! sugge/ion t books on ! lead+ trades %\ld be writt5 to /imulate ! int]e/ & intellig5ce ( ! "y :o are engag$ 9 indu/ry or prep>+ to become ! wage e>n]s ( ! trades4 ,9 speak+ ( ! urg5t necessity n[ ( books on ! lead+ trades address$ to ! "y1 he says2,a ,! lea!r indu/ry1 p>ticul>ly boot & %oe manufacture1 is p]haps ! mo/ highly specialis$ ( all 9 ! s5se t an op]ator may "w a lifetime 9 any "o ( ! betwe5 ?ree & f\r score processes ?r\gh :i* a %oe passes & "k little ( all ! re/4 ,n[ ! ,%oe ,book %\ld describe hides & lea!rs1 tann+1--old & new me?ods1 ) a little ( ! natural hi/ory ( ! animals1 describe ! process ( tak+ !m1 ( cur+ & %ipp+1 ea* /age 9 ! factory1 designat+ ^? processes t require skill & ^? t d n1 & s on to pack+1 label+ & %ipp+1 ) descriptions %[+ ! pr9ciples ( ! *ief ma*9es & labor-sav+ devices1 at any rate s f> z !y are n trade secrets2 x %\ld include a glance at m>kets1 prices1 effects ( bus9ess advance1 depression & /rikes1 p]haps some?+ ab\t ! hygi5e ( ! foot1 ab\t bootblacks & :at is done = !m1 hi/ory ( ! fe/ivals & organizations f ,/4 ,crisp9 & ! guilds d[n1 t>iffs1 syndicates1 societies1 /ati/ics1 social conditions 9 %oe t[ns1 nationality ( op]atives1--all ^! c\ld be concisely set =? to %[ ! dim5sions1 ! c5t]s ( int]e/1 ! social & comm]cial relations ( ! bus9ess1 etc4 ,:at is n yet realiz$ is t all ^! ?+s c\ld & %\ld be put d[n 9 pr9t & picture1 almo/ z if x 7 to be issu$ z a text-book or a s]ies ( !m2 all ( ?is c\ld be done to br+ out ! v high degree ( culture value n[ lat5t 9 ! subject4 ,j ?is is :at p$agogues d n & w n see1 & :at ev5 %oe m5 fail to realize2 viz41 t ! /ory ( _! craft rightly told1 w\ld t5d to give x "s degree ( pr(essional & humani/ic int]e/ & dignity :i* ! mo/ unskill$ & transi5t employee w\ld feel4 ,x w\ld fo/] an esprit de corps1 pride 9 memb]%ip & above all an intellig5t view ( ! :ole field t w\ld make labor m valuable & m loyal4 ,?is mat]ial1 once ga!r$1 %\ld be us$ 9 "s =m 9 all indu/rial s*ools & c\rses 9 t[ns :]e ?is indu/ry dom9ates4 ,x w\ld br+ a :olesome s5se ( corporeity1 hi/oric & economic unity1 w\ld give a t\* ( ! old guild _s & m p[] to see bo? sides on ! "p ( bo? employ]s & workm54 ,no?+ is s truly educational 9 ! deepe/ psy*ological s5se ( t ^w z useful in=mation vitaliz$ by individual & vocational int]e/4 ,footnote ,a3 ,/anley ,hall1 ,educational ,problems2 p4 #fbd4 ,dr4 ,hall's idea ( a ,book ( ,indu/ry might h emanat$ f ! he>t ( ,mr4 ,c>negie4 ,) ! same b5ign deta*m5t he seems to h mus$ at 8 desk ab\t ! %oe indu/ry & ! p engag$ 9 x4 ,x w\ld n take m ?an a pass+ acqua9tance ) ! girls & m5 9 %oe manufactur+ t[ns to "k t if !re 0 e/abli%$ a village libr>y equipp$ ) ! hi/ory ( %oes1 ! ae/hetics ( %oes1 %oe economics1 %oe te*nology1 & %oe hygi5e1 n "o ( ! girls or m5 :o work$ 9 ! %oe factories w\ld d>k5 its doors to read ab\t %oes4 ,!y w\ld n = ?is simple reason2 ! work]s' individual & vocational int]e/ does n exi/4 ,!y w\ld say t !y already knew m ?an !y c>$ to ab\t %oes4 ,no lit]ature c\ld add culture or dignity to ! job ( /it*+ vamps = all ! work+ h\rs & days ( a wage e>n]'s ye>1 :ile !re is no exp]i5ce ( cultural value 9 ! occupation1 divid$ z ! mak+ ( a %oe is into "s n9ety op]ations1 & di/ribut$ among n9ety work]s4 ,dr4 ,hall's sugge/ion t a ,%oe ,book be writt5 is a good sugge/ion b he mu/ supply a bett] basis = a read]'s int]e/ ?an indu/ry has giv5 him1 t is1 indu/ry z x is n[ adm9i/]$4 ,he _c impose culture or dignity ?r\gh books on a trade :i* is pro/itut$ by bus9ess = pr(ite]+4 ,if ! purpose ( ! ,%oe ,book 0 to create ! glamor t 0 int5d$ ar\nd ! pres5t day arrangem5t ( mak+ %oes1 x w\ld be a false contribution 9 s*oolroom equipm5t2 x w\ld be z p]nici\s z o!r lit]ature t introduc$ an artificial note into a real & liv+ exp]i5ce l indu/ry4 ,! mo/ romantic acc\nt ( %oe mak+ w d no?+ to bridge ! gulf betwe5 capital & labor z ,dr4 ,hall seems s confid5tly to believe x %\ld4 ,! problem is n s simple or s easily dispos$ (4 ,z ,dr4 ,hall himself says3 ,z long z workm5 are reg>d$ z p>ts ( ! ma*9]y to be dump$ on ! scrap heap z soon z y\ng] & /rong] h&s c be f\nd1 ! v po9t ( view ne$ful = ! correct solution ( vocational education1 is want+4,a ,dr4 ,hall recognizes "s evils :i* are inh]5t 9 ! pres5t s*eme ( indu/ry & :i* are antagoni/ic to gr[?1 b nei!r he nor any ( ! advocates ( ! ,g]man me?ods ( indu/rial education make provisions 9 _! educational s*emes = elim9at+ ! aspect :i* contemplates ! dump+ ( work]s on scrap heaps4 ,none ( ! advocates view ! equipm5t ( work]s = indu/ry 9 t]ms radically diff]5t f ! t]ms 9 :i* !y are view$ by bus9ess m52 !y (f] !m te*nique & matt] ( insignificance & indirection2 !y make no sugge/ion or move to op5 up ! adv5ture ( indu/ry = ! work]'s actual p>ticipation 9 x2 !y accept ! organization ( indu/ry :i* excludes _! p>ticipation z an unalt]able fact2 ev5 unalt]able z an exp]i5ce 9 ! prevocational s*emes ( education4 ,footnote ,a3 ,/anley ,hall--,educational ,problems1 p4 #fcb4 ,national1 /ate & local campaigns h be5 c>ri$ on 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s = ! protection ( *ildhood & y\?4 ,!y h be5 on ! :ole successful 9 _! purpose to get *ildr5 out ( factories & /ores & into s*ools4 ,x 0 an emb>rassm5t to ! pione]s 9 ! campaign to f9d t ! *ildr5 7 aga9/ !m2 t !y pref]r$ factory or comm]cial life to ! s*ools4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is pref]5ce 0 _! :olesale exodus f s*ools :5 !y rea*$ an age :]e !y 7 acceptable to employ]s or :]e !y 7 n prev5t$ by law4 ,back ( ! exodus1 univ]sal z x is1 !re is an urge ( elem5tal =ce4 ,a common acc\nt+ = x1 ! ne>e/ at h&1 is t p>5ts ( work+ class *ildr5 are p5uri\s2 or t !y are too ignorant to und]/& ! det]iorat+ effect ( factory life on *ildr52 or t !y are too h>d press$ 9 _! physical ne$s to consid] ! be/ int]e/ ( ! *ildr54 ,?is reason giv5 = ! failure ( ! s*ools to supply *ildr5 ) matt] ( int]e/ or significance to !m1 expla9$ only :y *ildr5 did n want to /ay 9 s*ool2 x did n expla9 _! eag]ness to ent] indu/ry4 ,none ( ! reasons acc\nt$ = ! ze/ ( ! *ildr5 = wage e>n+ occupation4 ,! failure ( ! s*ools to hold ! *ildr5 gave educators :o recogniz$ ! artificial "* ( s*ool curricula1 _! be/ reason = introduc+ matt] relat+ to indu/rial life4 ,! *ildr5's pref]5ce 0 inde$ a valuable indication :]e reality or real subject matt] w\ld be f\nd4 ,! *ange (f f old s*ool subject matt] to in/ruction 9 me?ods ( indu/ry 0 a logical exp]im5t4 ,b ! movem5t = indu/rial education 0 n inspir$ by a wat*ful sympa!tic obs]vation ( *ildr5's ne$s2 x 0 9 l9e ) ! g5]al !ory1 m or less accept$1 t s*ools %\ld be a reflection ( ! *ildr5's environm5t2 x 0 9 l9e ) ! dem& ( employ]s = effici5t work]s ei!r equipp$ = specific processes or adaptable to factory me?ods4 ,if ! promot]s ( indu/rial education _h be5 obs]v]s ( *ildr5 f twelve to f\rte5 & sixte5 ye>s1 !y w\ld h f\nd t z !y left s*ool !y 7 eag] n = skill 9 te*nical processes1 n = wages1 n = great] fre$om ( association 9 adult life1 n = any ( ^! alone1 b = all ( ^! z !y 7 a "p ( ! adv5ture ( ! adult _w 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,we h neglect$ to /udy ! mo/ vital ?+ 9 ! situation1 namely ! ze/s ( ! "y 444 we h n tak5 acc\nt ( ! nature ( ! great upheaval at ! dawn ( ! te5s1 :i* m>ks ! pubesc5t f]m5t & :i* requires di/9ct *ange 9 ! matt] & me?od ( education4 ,?is in/9ct is f> /rong] & has m v o/5sive outcrops ?an 9 any o!r age & l&1 & x is less controll$ by ! au?ority ( s*ool or ! home4 ,x is a p]iod ( v rapid1 if n fulm9at+ psy*ic expansion4 ,x is ! natal h\r ( new curiosities1 :5 adult life fir/ beg9s to ex]t its pot5t *>m4 ,x is an age ( exploration1 ( great susceptibility1 pla/icity1 eag]ness1 p]vad$ by ! in/9ct to try & plan 9 _m diff]5t directions4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,/anley ,hall--,education ,problems1 pp4 #edd-ede4 ,*ildr5 ( ?is adolesc5t "t w\ld respond m readily to s*ool in/ruction1 relat$ to ! adult activities :i* held _! int]e/ & connect$ 9 "s way ) _! own conception ( _! function+ 9 ! adult _w4 ,c\rses ( /udy 9 processes ( indu/ry & practice 9 ! te*nique ( ^? processes w\ld h actual be>+ on ! environm5t ( :i* !y 7 eag] to be a "p4 ,b in/ruction 9 me*anical processes & practice 9 te*nique ( manufacture are ! husks ( indu/ry :5 divorc$ f ! plann+1 ! managem5t1 ! exam9ation ( problems1 ! det]m9ation ( ! value ( goods 9 _! use & 9 _! place 9 ! m>ket1 ! division ( labor ?r\gh\t an ent]prise1 ! relation ( all p]sons involv$ to ea* o!r & to ! product4 ,! s*ools ) _! indu/rial education c\rses d n und]take to supply _! "y p ) an opportunity to plan2 !y are true reflections ( factory exi/5ce z !y elim9ate all ! adv5ture ( indu/ry1 ! opportunity = exp]im5t & discov]y2 !y d n satisfy ! high impulse ( "y p to be ( use1 to be a "p ( ! _w ( "w4 ,! _s ( ! s*ools is prep>ation = some?+ to come2 ! _s ( ! *ildr5 is 9 ! pres5t1 & ! pres5t press+ impulse ( adolesc5ce is to %>e adult responsibilities4 ,! impulse ( y\? to take its place 9 adult life is exploit$ by indu/ry & repress$ or p]v]t$ by a sy/em ( education :i* fits ! *ildr5 into a sy/em ( indu/ry )\t giv+ !m ! insight & p[] to effect adju/m5ts4 ,! actual job 9 a trade has satisfy+ features :i* ! s*ool lacks4 ,x pays wages4 ,t fact = eag] *ildr5 is e/imat$ beyond its pur*as+ p[]4 ,= !m x is an ackn[l$gm5t1 a v real "o1 t !y h be5 admitt$1 are want$ 9 ! big _w :]e !y are impell$ by _! psy*ic ne$s1 to ent]4 ,x places !m m ne>ly on an equality ) ! old] memb]s ( _! family & entitles !m to consid]ation :i* 0 n giv5 !m z dep5d5t *ildr54 ,!y le>n %ortly ( h[ little acc\nt !y are to ! boss employ] b !y are e/abli%+ all ! "t a new basis ( contact & a new place 9 _! p]sonal relations2 !y are e/abli%+ x because !y h economic value 9 ! _w outside ( home z well z 9 x4 ,! indu/rial s*ools & ! old type ( s*ools are bo? adult s*emes ( gett+ *ildr5 ready = adult life1 n by exp]i5c+ x1 b by do+ c]ta9 ?+s well s t !y c be entru/$ to d lat] on1 :at adults 9 _! wisdom h decid$ t !y are to d4 ,b !y fail to prep>e *ildr5 = ! future z !y fail to supply ! *ildr5's pres5t urg5t ne$s4 ,!y use ! p]iod = ult]ior purposes2 purposes ult]ior to ! p]iod ( gr[? ) :i* !y are deal+4 ,z !y use ?is p]iod = ano!r "t ?an its own1 9 effect !y exploit x4 ,)\t consci\sness ( ! fact s f> z ! *ildr5 are conc]n$1 ! s*ools exploit ?is p]iod ( gr[? z effectively z ! employ]s reap ! pr(its ( *ild labor4 ,employ]s z b5efici>ies h m reason ?an ! s*ools = div]t+ y\? f its own purposes1 z !y are "u ! necessity ( a price sy/em :i* is competitive4 ,! s*ools z well z indu/ry use up ! placticity ( y\?2 !y kill (f ! eag]ness ( *ildr5 to explore & plan1 & ca/ x aside = m consequ5tial ends4 ,! consequ5tial ends 9 ,am]ica1 we h se51 h be5 less cle>ly def9$ ?an 9 ,g]many4 ,)9 a ye>1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has become consci\s z a nation ( place & p[]1 consci\s t x is to play a "p ) ! o!r /ates ( ! _w4 ,9 play+ ?is "p1 w x reta9 its rle ( s]vant ( ! p1 or w x assume ) its new _w dignity ! rle1 if n ( ma/]1 !n ( lead]%ip8 ,if /ill s]vant1 w x s]ve m effici5tly ?an x has our dom9ant in/itution1 indu/ry8 ,if ! sil5t p>tn]%ip betwe5 bus9ess & ! /ate is /r5g!n$1 w n ! promot]s ( indu/ry be 9 a bett] position ?an be=e to appeal ?r\gh ! /ate1 ?r\gh ! patriotism int5sifi$ by our newly acquir$ _w position1 = a m univ]sal & a sy/ematiz$ adaptation ( work]s 9 indu/ry8 ,! s*ools 9 _! dis9t]e/$ capacity1 dis9t]e/$1 t is1 9 ! pr(its ( production1 x w\ld seem c\ld be us$ mo/ effectively t[>d ?is end4 ,g]man manufacture made t cle> to ,am]ican manufacture be=e ! w>4 ,x also mu/ be rememb]$ t x 0 ,prussian pride = imp]ial position t inspir$ ! complete & effici5t surr5d] ( ! ,g]man s*ools to ! ne$s ( ! ,g]man manufactur]s4 ,am]ica is1 ( c\rse1 diff]5t4 ,all peoples are4 ,b s is our position 9 ! _w diff]5t f :at x 04 ,our position is n n[1 nor c\ld x be1 ! ,g]man position4 ,our pa/ is diff]5t1 & t w cont9u\sly h its effect on our future4 ,b we are fac+ a great p]iod ( *ange1 & ! /ronge/ =ces 9 ! c\ntry are ! indu/rial1 & ! /ronge/ lead]s are ! f9anci]s4 ,:at ! f9anci]s & indu/rial manag]s mo/ want is effici5t1 docile labor4 ,! ,g]man sy/em ( education1 9 spite ( ! fact t we are diff]5t1 might conceivably h t effect on ! y\? ( ?is c\ntry4 ,"u ! pressure ( indu/rial rivalry aft] ! w>1 "u ! pressure ( an imp]ial indu/rial policy1 x may be t ! p ( ! c\ntry w yield to ! introduction ( a s*eme ( education :i* x has be5 prov$ else:]e c fit *ildr5 bett] ?an any o!r kn[n s*eme into a sy/em ( mass production4 ,x is cle> t indu/ry c\ld set up models ( behavior m successfully 9 ! "n ( education ?an 9 its own1 & to ! ext5t ,am]ican *ildr5 come up to ^! models ! m employable !y w\ld be f ! /&po9t ( bus9ess4 ,if ! pressure is suffici5tly /rong ! p may yield to ! introduction ( a sy/em ( compulsory cont9uation s*ools simil> to ^? ( ,g]many4 ,if !y d1 ,i believe !y w ev5tually fail4 ,b !re is dang] ?r\gh loss ( en]gy & loss ( purpose 9 _! introduction4 ,is x impossible = u to hold to our native exp]im5tal habits ( life & atta9 /&>ds ( workman%ip8 ,is x possible to realize ! full /r5g? ( associat$ ef=t & at ! same "t advance weal? production8 ,g]many's indu/rial supremacy 0 due1 z ,pr(essor ,vebl5 %[s1 to ! fact t ma*9e indu/ry 0 impos$ ready-made on a p ^: psy*ology 0 feudal4 ,! s*ools ( ,g]many1 an ess5tial "p ( h] indu/rial ent]prise1 7 organiz$ on ! s]vility ( ! p4 ,we n[ "k :at build+ z ,g]many has built h] educational & indu/rial sy/em on ! weakness ( a p means4 ,we are 9 ! process ( discov]+ :e!r 9 sacrific+ ! expansion ( h] p %e c secure a p]man5t expansion ( h] ,empire4 ,x w\ld seem ! bett] "p ( /atesman%ip 9 ,am]ica aft] ! w> to build indu/rially on ! /r5g? ( our p & n on ! weakness ( ano!r4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( educators to po9t out ! dang] & to discov] :e!r effici5cy may n be ga9$ 9 ! c\ntry by giv+ *ildr5 9 _! adolesc5t p]iod ! impulse = production & high /&>ds ( "w1 n = ! sake ( ! /ate1 b = !mselves1 = ! sake ( ! community1--out ( love ( "w & = ! value ( its s]vice4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,educational ,,indu/ry ,,& ,,associat$ ,,ent]prise ,z capital & s f> labor h fail$ to make indu/ry an expansive exp]i5ce x becomes1 z ,pr(essor ,dewey has po9t$ out1 ! bus9ess ( educators conc]n$ ) ! gr[? ( individuals to cultivate ! field4 ,if educators reg>d opportunities = gr[? ) suffici5t jeal\sy !y w n wait = indu/ry to em]ge ) a new program1 or sy/em ( production2 !y w initiate productive ent]prises :]e "y p w be free to ga9 fir/ h& exp]i5ce 9 ! problems ( indu/ry z ^? problems /& 9 relation to _! "t & g5]ation4 ,_! alliance %\ld be made ) eng9e]s & ar*itects & ! manag]s ( indu/ry :o h made !mselves1 ?r\gh exp]i5ce & tra9+1 ma/]s ( appli$ sci5ce & ! economics ( production4 ,eng9e]s1 n "u ! influ5ce ( bus9ess1 are qualifi$ to op5 up ! creative aspects ( production to ! work]s & to conv9ce !m ?r\gh _! own exp]i5ce t t !re are adv5tur\s possibilities 9 indu/ry outside ! meagre (f]+s ( payday4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,wolf is "o ( ! eng9e]s :o is ready = ! v5ture4 ,he told ! memb]s ( ! ,taylor ,society t sci5tific manag]s h n be5 sci5tific en\gh 9 deal+ ) ?is v important subject ( /imulat+ ! ?9k+ & reason+ p[] ( ! workman1 !reby mak+ him self-reliant & creative4 ,9 describ+ ! field 9 :i* practical eng9e]s %\ld op]ate1 he laid /ress on _! giv+ l>ge space to ! orig9at+1 *oos+1 adapt+ p[] 9 m5 & ! direction ( x into positive con/ructive *annels2 to m5's self-consci\sness ( _! place 9 ! great s*eme ( ?+s4 ,?is conception ( ! field ( op]ation = eng9e]s also describ$ ! field = educators4 ,! latt] h fail$ to seize ! *ance 9 ! pres5t indu/rial arrangem5t = ! developm5t ( ! orig9at+1 *oos+ p[] 9 ! work+ man because !y h be5 obsess$ by ! bus9ess appreciation ( ! work+ man's p[] ( adaptation4 ,x is because !y labor "u ?is obsession t !y turn indu/rial education into indu/rial tra9+ :5ev] !y include indu/ry 9 _! curricula4 ,educators "k t !re is adv5ture 9 indu/ry1 b !y believe t ! adv5ture is ! r>e prop]ty ( a few4 ,!y believe ?is s f9ally t !y surr5d] ?is great field ( exp]i5ce ) its priceless educational cont5t )\t res]v+ ! "r ( su* exp]i5ce ev5 = y\?4 ,!y "k1 z we all d1 t indu/rial problems c>ry ^? :o p>ticipate 9 _! solution into pure & appli$ sci5ce2 into ! m>ket ( raw mat]ials & f9i%$ products2 into ! se>* = unconqu]$ weal?4 ,!y "k t ! m>ket+ ( goods is an ext5sive exp]i5ce 9 ! _w ( m5 & desires4 ,!y are n alone 9 _! lack ( c\rage to admit t limit+ ?is exp]i5ce p]v]ts normal desires & creates false ones4 ,= ! sake ( education x is to be hop$ t su* eng9e]s z ,mr4 ,wolf may ov]come ! timidity ( educators1 & t1 9 conjunction ) m5 capable ( productive ent]prise1 !y w und]take to give "y p an exp]i5ce :i* is n tagg$ on to indu/ry "u ! influ5ce ( pr(its1 b :i* is inspir$ by ! desire to produce & ! opportunity to develop ! inspiration4 ,be=e e/abli%+ a sy/em ( indu/rial education l ,g]many's1 or ext5d+ ! make%ift attempts :i* h be5 introduc$ "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x w\ld seem well to und]take exp]im5ts :i* w\ld /imulate ! impulses ( y\? = creative exp]i5ce1 :i* w\ld give !m an indu/rial exp]i5ce :]e ! motive ( exploitation is abs5t & :]e ! /imulus 0 ! cont5t :i* ! production ( weal? (f]s4 ,su* exp]im5ts w\ld entail ! organization ( work%ops 9 connection ) s*ools 9 :i* ! work%op exp]i5ce 0 translat$ & ext5d$4 ,su* work%ops w\ld be f9anc$ indep5d5tly ( ! s*ools4 ,!y w\ld n be f9anc$ on a basis ( pr(its1 b ! capital inve/$ w\ld draw a legal rate ( int]e/4 ,! ent]prise w\ld be "u ! direction ( manag]s compet5t 9 te*nological processes1 9 ! e/imate ( co/s1 & ! organization ( ! "w on a basis ( productive effici5cy4 ,! work+ =ce w\ld be a corps ( "y p :o _h receiv$ _! elem5t>y s*ool c]tificates & _! c]tificates = employm5t toge!r ) ! necess>y complem5t ( adult work]s = ! successful developm5t ( ! plant4 ,! work+ =ce w\ld be paid ! m>ket rate ( wages4 ,! juv5ile memb]s ( ! =ce w\ld be paid on a half-"t basis z !y w\ld "w 9 alt]nate %ifts 9 ! %op & 9 ! s*ool1 s t "w 9 ! %op w\ld be cont9u\s & w\ld run on full "t4 ,! ex*ange ( %ifts betwe5 ! %op & s*ool w\ld occur daily or weekly or semi-weekly1 z x 0 conducive to ! heal? & ! intellectual exp]i5ce ( ! *ildr5 & to ! ne$s ( production 9 ! organization ( ! %op4 ,! work%op w\ld be devot$ to ! production ( "s m>ketable article or articles :i* are simple 9 con/ruction4 ,! selection ( ! product w\ld n dep5d ^u te*nical processes ( con/ruction to furni% educational subject matt]4 ,educationally speak+1 ! acquisition ( te*nique is a factor1 b n a prim>y "o1 9 ! mod]n s*eme ( production4 ,! prim>y factors are ^? :i* h univ]sal significance1 t is :i* are common to all indu/ry1 ! relation ( labor1 ( me*anical equipm5t1 ( raw mat]ial1 ( ! f9i%$ product to ! :ole & to ea* o!r2 ! relation ( ! m>ket to productive ef=t & an effective organization ( all ( ^!4 ,! te*nical processes or _! acquisition are ( educational value1 because !y furni% ! necess>y exp]i5ce = ! evaluation & appreciation ( workman%ip2 or w\ld furni% a basis = su* a valuation if ! educational factors :i* are common to all indu/ry 7 matt]s 9 :i* all ! work]s p>ticipat$ & 7 matt]s :i* !y und]/ood4 ,x may be t !re are c]ta9 me*anical processes :i* h univ]sal te*nical significance & on t acc\nt w\ld h special educational value1 b ev5 if ^? processes 7 det]m9$ & select$ = indu/rial in/ruction & acquisition1 x w\ld n imply t ^? :o acquir$ !m 7 indu/rially educat$4 ,!y w\ld be indu/rially equipp$ to act z effici5t factory atta*m5ts1 b ! acquisition ( processes1 ev5 ! fundam5tal ones we h _h ample opportunity to discov]1 d n inspire creative int]e/s & desires4 ,because educational cont5t 9 mod]n factory "w is n accessible to ! mass ( work]s1 we h fo/]$ ! illusion t ! educational subject matt] ( indu/ry 0 inh]5t 9 ! te*nical process ( fabrication4 ,z we h fo/]$ ?is illusion1 we h miss$ ! educational pr9ciple applicable to ! craft p]iod1 z well z to ! pres5t1 t ! condition ( ! educational requirem5t1 is t work]s' p>ticipation 9 productive ent]prise co9cide 9 ! long run ) creative int5tion & accompli%m5t4 ,?is c5tral requirem5t ( indu/rial education means t individuals le>n to function ) consci\s creative int5tion 9 ! environm5t 9 :i* !y live & t _! le>n+ furni%es a basis = critical & in=m$ evaluations 9 indu/rial activity4 ,9 ! craft p]iod ! creative int5tion requir$ ! work]'s ma/]y ov] e process ( 8 craft4 ,9 ?is ma*9e age ( associat$ ent]prise ! creative int5tion requires ! ability to associate ) o!rs 9 ! adm9i/ration ( indu/ry z well z to take ! place ( an individual 9 ! r\t9e ( factory "w ,= ! reasons ,i h j /at$ ! educational exp]im5ts ,i am sugge/+ c\ld cov] advantage\sly "o ( ! _m indu/ries :i* are g5]ally class$ z unskill$1 & almo/ any "o ( ^! unskill$ r\t9e indu/ries w\ld s]ve z well z ano!r4 ,almo/ any "o ( ! s-call$ *ild labor indu/ries c\ld be made ov] into opportunities = "y p to exp]i5ce ! /imulat+ effect ( associat+ ) o!rs 9 a productive ef=t1 & ga9 ! impetus :i* ! /imulation suppli$ to pursue _! subject matt] f> afield 9 g5]al me*anics1 sci5ce1 economics1 geography1 hi/ory & art4 ,= ! educational purposes ( ! exp]im5t ! selection ( ! indu/ry w\ld n be made on ! gr\nd t ! te*nical processes ( "o requir$ great] intellectual activity ?an ano!r2 nei!r w\ld ! selection dep5d ^u :e!r or n ! indu/ry *os5 (f]$ "y p bett] *ances ?an ano!r = entrance to a trade :]e jobs1 comp>atively speak+1 drew fair rates ( wages1 or ! economic conditions 7 9 o!r respects sup]ior4 ,! exp]im5t w\ld 9 no s5se be a trade prep>ation b an exp]i5ce :]e ! ent]prise ( production 0 op5$ up & ! possibilities ( creative life 7 realiz$ 9 association ) o!rs1 s f> z ! conditions & "t all[$4 ,! indu/rial basis = selection ( su* exp]im5t %\ld h+e1 fir/1 on :e!r or n ! "y p c\ld function 9 ! indu/ry advantage\sly to !mselves educationally speak+ & to ! indu/ry socially consid]$3 t is1 :e!r or n ! productive processes 7 9 l9e ) ! capacity ( adolesc5t *ildr5 & ! product 0 ( social value2 second1 :e!r ! product c\ld be introduc$ successfully 9 ! m>ket & ! ent]prise become self-support+4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 a proposition = ! promotion ( su* an educational exp]im5t is be+ work$ out4 ,wood5 toys h be5 *os5 z ! article = manufacture1 because1 fir/1 ! models 7 suffici5tly simple 9 con/ruction to make ! "w practical = "y p :o make up ! work%op /aff2 x is practical = ! majority ( ! /aff to range 9 age f #ad to #ag ye>s4 ,second1 ! "w done by ,c>ol9e ,pratt on *ildr5's play?+s has disclos$ ! fact t ! pres5t toy m>ket is bel[ grade f ! po9t ( view ( ! s]vice ( toys to *ildr54 ,! m>ket does n supply ! *ildr5 ) ! sort ( mat]ial & ! sort ( tools !y require 9 _! play s*emes4 ,!re=e1 ! product *os5 has a legitimate social claim on ! m>ket4 ,h[ev]1 x w\ld be valid1 ?\gh n s int]e/+1 if a c]ta9 sort ( pap] box :i* fill$ a legitimate trade ne$ _h be5 select$ & a pap] box factory _h be5 set up z ! basis ( ! exp]im5t4 ,z a !oretical illu/ration ( my g5]al !sis1 pap] boxes w\ld s]ve bett] ?an wood5 toys1 because ! latt] product1 z x is conceiv$1 cov]s special intellectual cont5t4 ,b ! p>ticul> sort ( cont5t is n a fundam5tal requirem5t = ! educational purpose ( ! exp]im5t4 ,h[ev]1 z ! exp]im5t is actually be+ plann$ 9 connection ) wood5 toys1 ,i %all use ! plan1 z f> z x is work$ out1 z my illu/ration4 ,i %all ref] lat] 9 discuss+ ! s*ool curriculum to ! special intellectual cont5t :i* ! manufacture ( ^! toys w repres5t4 ,aft] ,i set d[n ! details ( ! exp]im5t1 :i* is n[ be+ plann$ = a work%op & s*ool conc]n$ ) ! production ( play mat]ials1 ,i am hop+ t educators & indu/rial manag]s may readily make ! application to o!r l9es ( indu/ry4 ,! plan is t5tatively conf9$ to a two ye>s' c\rse4 ,x may be f\nd t two ye>s is too long a "t to conf9e ! pupils to ! "w & ! problems ( ! %op4 ,x may be f\nd 9 ! fir/ ye> t ! pupils w be int]e/$ 9 foll[+ "s ( ! problems n 9 relation to _! "w & 9 t case !y w\ld break _! connection ) ! %op4 ,! work+ /aff ( ! ,toy ,%op w include =ty "y p 7tw5ty at "w at a "t 9 ! %op7 f #ad to #ag ye>s :o h receiv$ _! work+ c]tificates & h left s*ool ) ! int5tion ( go+ to "w4 ,x w include also six or sev5 adults :o w d ! "w on ma*9es too heavy or unsafe = *ildr5 to h&le & :o w help to sup]vise & direct ! *ildr5 9 _! tasks4 ,! %op itself w equal ! be/ ( %ops 9 po9t ( equipm5t1 safety & sanitation4 ,x w n1 h[ev]1 l _m ( ! be/1 elaborate ^! basic features 9 ornam5tal exp5ditures4 ,! %op w pres5t itself to ! "y work]s z su/a9+ ! be/ & mo/ ess5tial /&>ds 9 use1 b l all o!r problems connect$ ) ! %op1 ! be/ w always be pres5t$ z a tempor>y a*ievem5t :i* ) suffici5t att5tion c be improv$4 ,an important s\rce f :i* improvem5ts may be expect$ is ! /aff ( work]s :o are 9 con/ant contact ) ! plant4 ,9 o!r words1 no?+ w be (f]$ ! work]s 9 ! _s ( f9al a*ievem5t1 & ! sugge/ion ( complet5ess w be avoid$4 ,! opportunity to te/ out & appreciate ! /&>ds w occur 9 ! %op exp]i5ce1 & ! *ance to a*ieve or exp]im5t ) o!r /&>ds w be res]v$1 z ,i %all %[ pres5tly1 = ! s*ool h\rs4 ,?is w be ! case ) me?ods ( "w & ) %op organization4 ,dur+ ! h\rs 9 ! %op ! work]s w be occupi$ :olly ) _! special tasks z !y w\ld be 9 any o!r %op1 t is 9 any %op :i* _h due consid]ation = ! labor =ce2 z mu* consid]ation z x usually has = ! economy & ! protection ( ! me*anical =ce w\ld be consid]able4 ,! work]s may acquire ! te*nique ( all or ( sev]al ( ! processes4 ,_! g5]al facility 9 te*nique may contribute to _! productive value 9 ! %op or _! ma/]y ov] sev]al processes may h its educational value = !m 9 relation to ! indu/ry z a :ole2 !y may to advantage %ift f "o process to ano!r to relieve ! /ra9 ( r\t9e "w4 ,= ! sake ( production & = ! sake ( ! educational value to ! work]s1 ! %ift+ ( ! work]s f "o process to ano!r w be a matt] ( exp]im5t4 ,b ! work]s w n be %ift$ f "o con/ruction process to ano!r = ! sake ( le>n+ all ! processes because skill 9 all ! processes is n a requisite ei!r ( education or production4 ,! exp]i5ce 9 ! %ipp+ ( goods & 9 ! h&l+ ( raw mat]ials1 9 ! in/allation ( p[]1 9 ! upkeep ( ! equipm5t & ! g5]al c>e ( ! factory w be p>ticipat$ 9 by all ! work]s 9 _! turn1 accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! indu/ry4 ,:ile !re w be adju/m5t ( ! work]s1 & trials z to ! place ( ea* w be made 9 ! %op1 int5sive exp]im5ts 9 %op organization1 l o!r %op problems1 w be c>ri$ out 9 ! s*ool4 ,?is arrangem5t w s]ve ! educational & ! productive purpose1 z exp]im5tation %\ld n be limit$ by ! requirem5ts ( ! %op1 b by ! requirem5ts ( indu/ry at l>ge4 ,! s*ool w be inde$ ! work%op laboratory :]e problems :i* orig9ate 9 ! %op c be tak5 ov] = analysis & solution4 ,^! concrete %op problems w repres5t requir$ s*ool subjects z ! progress ( ! %op & ! success ( ! ent]prise dep5d ^u _! solution4 ,among ^! requir$ subjects are3 ,fir/3 ,! ,te*nical ,problems ( ,manufacture1 su* z 7a7 ! receiv+ & ! /or+ ( /ock2 7b7 mak+ out ord]s = /ock f %op ord]s & bills ( mat]ials2 7c7 plann+ op]ation & r\t+ "w2 7d7 /&>diz+ mat]ials & simplify+ op]ations2 7e7 ! elim9ation 9 loss ( "t 9 wait+ = mat]ial2 7f7 ! division ( labor2 7g7 advantages & disadvantages ( sup]vis+ 9 c]ta9 op]ations2 7h7 ma*9e v]sus h& "w & quantity production2 7i7 prep>+ & r\t+ %ipm5ts2 7j7 mak+ out bills ( lad+2 7k7 /udy ( friction1 loose belts1 improp] oil+1 tool cutt]s & saws4 ,second3 ,keep+ ! ,f9ancial ,acc\nts & ,e/imat+ ,co/s4 7a7 ,mak+ out bills ( mat]ials2 7b7 calculat+ co/s ( mat]ial f bill2 7c7 calculat+ bo>d measure & unit co/ ( direct labor & indirect labor2 7d7 calculations ( p[] us$ by ea* unit ( ma*9e p[]2 7e7 calculat+ pay roll2 7f7 mak+ out bus9ess =ms1 su* z bill+ goods1 invoices1 calculat+ disc\nts2 7g7 pay+ bills by *eck1 note & draft2 7h7 bus9ess correspond5ce2 7i7 bank+1 deposit+ money1 obta9+ money on notes1 disc\nt+ notes1 draw+ notes1 balances ( *eck books & *eck+ up cancell$ v\*]s & obta9+ bank balances2 7j7 "t & call loans2 7k7 calculations & paym5t ( int]e/ on capital2 7l7 ma9t5ance ( s9k+ fund4 ,?ird3 ,up-keep ( ! ,work+ ,=ce1 ,build+s & ,equipm5t4 7a7 ,heat+1 v5tilat+ & light+ ( ! factory 9 relation to its effect on ! work]s2 7b7 valuation = ea* work] ( 8 own physical condition & exp]t advice 9 reg>d to nutrition & o!r physical ne$s2 7c7 c>e ( motors & me*anical equipm5t1 c>e ( belts1 saws & cutt]s2 7d7 effici5t in/allation ( motors1 sectional drive & individual drive2 7e7 disposition ( sawdu/1 etc41 /udy ( exhau/ fans & con/ruction op]ation & function4 ,f\r?3 ,! ,economics ( ! ,ent]prise4 7a7 ,! m>ket ( ! raw mat]ial--! /udy ( ! m>ket 9 relation to grades1 to co/1 to transportation1 to quantity 9 co/ ( pur*ases1 to "t ( pur*ase2 7b7 manufactur$ product2 selection ( models 9 relation to _! use & _! art values2 _! co/ ( manufacture2 relation to ! sell+ price2 ! relation ( co/ to quantity & quality2 7c7 ! relation ( ! rate ( wages paid 9 ! %op to rates paid 9 simil> indu/ries1 to co/ ( production1 to ne$s ( ! work]s2 7d7 necess>y m>g9 ( income ov] exp5ses = ! up-keep ( ! plant1 = its ext5sion1 = ! ma9t5ance ( ! s9k+ fund & possible contribution to ! exp5se ( ! s*ool2 7e7 ! economic value ( ! s*ool to ! "w ( ! %op4 ,fif?3 ,art & ,s]vice4 ,! %op w n dep5d ^u ! pupils 9 ! s*ool = models1 b w welcome models :i* come f ! pupils z evid5ce t ! %op exp]i5ce is a /imulat+ "o4 ,b x w be recogniz$ t ! pupils w h little to (f] on acc\nt ( _! inexp]i5ce & t !re is a _w ( design]s f :om to draw & ! %op is eag] to comm& ! be/ models :i* are obta9able4 ,!re w be a ,jury = ! det]m9ation ( models to be manufactur$4 ,?is ,jury w receive c]ta9 in/ruction on ! subject ( toys1 & w be responsible = mak+ fur!r /udy ( ! subject4 ,b z has be5 po9t$ out = ! la/ t5 ye>s by ,c>ol9e ,pratt1 :o has giv5 ! subject sci5tific att5tion1 toys are ! t ( little *ildr5 :i*1 !y use 9 _! ef=t to become acqua9t$ ) _! environm5t1 :i* !y use 9 s*emes ( play1 & :i* are 9 fact ef=ts on _! "p to try out & exp]i5ce ! adult life into :i* !y are ?r[n4 ,because ?is is true & ! m>ket is unsuppli$ ) toys ( s]i\s value to *ildr51 ! subject w be a matt] = developm5t & ! introduction 9 ! m>ket ( models :i* w s]ve ! purpose ( *ildr5 9 _! play w be consid]$ a matt] ( social importance & dem& ! s]i\s consid]ation ( ! ,jury4 ,?is ,jury w be compos$ ( ! work]s 9 ! %op1 ! manag] ( ! %op1 an arti/1 & "o or two p :o h giv5 ! subject ( toys c>eful att5tion4 ,discussion ( ! ,toy ,jury on submitt$ toys w c5t] ar\nd1 fir/1 ! value ( ! toys z tools to ! *ildr5 9 _! s*emes ( play1 & second1 ar\nd ! art value4 ,bo? ^! po9ts w entail mu* exam9ation & ?\ght4 ,! fir/ w involve fundam5tally ! subject ( education1 & ! second1 ! te*nique ( art z x is express$ ?r\gh draw+1 color & design1 b ! decision 9 reg>d to models = manufacture f9ally c n re/ on ei!r ( ^! fundam5tal po9ts4 ,x w h+e on :e!r or n ! models select$ are practical = production & :e!r !y c be m>ket$ at a price :i* w cov] co/ ( manufacture4 ,! att5tion ( ! pupils w be direct$ to ! factory & s*ool build+s & ! importance ( mak+ !m a pleasant workplace & an acquisition to ! neighborhood 9 :i* !y are situat$4 ,! problem ( noise f ma*9]y & dirt & du/ f fuel w be tak5 up z subjects dem&+ g5]\s consid]ation4 ,six?3 ,lit]ature & ,hi/ory4 ,au!ntic acc\nts & inspirational /ores ( indu/rial life1 especially ( ! lumb]1 ! woodwork+1 & ! toy indu/ry w be ga!r$ by ! pupils & ! tea*]s4 ,special excursions1 inve/igations1 or g5]al obs]vations casually or unexpect$ly made by ! pupils & tea*]s w be turn$ to lit]>y use or hi/orical record4 ,! pupils w be giv5 full opportunity to write out /atem5ts ( facts !y h discov]$ or to write /ories or plays or poetry :i* are inspir$ by ! subject matt] !y h ga!r$4 ,^! lit]>y productions w n be call$ = z ex]cises 9 ! art ( writ+ or ( fact-record+1 b z contributions t[>d ! equipm5t ( ! s*ool4 ,! books :i* are collect$ z well z ! orig9al compositions w be submitt$ to critical analysis & accept$ z accessions to ! libr>y if !y come up to /&>ds 9 au!nticity & 9 lit]ature4 ,! tea*]s z well z ! pupils w submit new books or o!r matt] & be=e !y are accept$1 !y w be subject to ! same critical analysis z ! mat]ial submitt$ by ! *ildr54 ,?is analysis w be ! lit]>y exp]i5ce & tra9+ z x w be p>ticipat$ 9 by all ! pupils :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is expression ( _! "w4 ,n all ( ?is s*ool "w is incid5t to ! success ( ! %op1 if we measure success by usual bus9ess /&>ds4 ,b x is all incid5t to ! developm5t ( a creative impulse 9 ! individual1 & x is incid5t to ! developm5t ( indu/ry z a socially productive ent]prise4 ,! fact t ! s*ool & %op "w repres5t ! plann+ & ! decisions1 t !y dem& k & exp]i5ce1 does n signify t ! "y p w assume to c>ry m responsibility ?an !y are capable (1 or t m w be expect$ ( !m ?an !y are equal to4 ,x does n mean t _! insuffici5cy w n be recogniz$ & admitt$4 ,on ! contr>y ! accumulat$ k & exp]i5ce ( ! adult work]s & ! tea*]s w be appreciat$ by ! pupils z !y h ! *ance to make real & full evaluations4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! /aff w c>ry on ! "w 9 ! %op z produc]s & le>n]s & x is hop$ !y w c>ry on ! "w 9 ! s*ool 9 ! same _s4 ,"y p w /& 9 ! relation ( p>tn]s z well z pupils to ! adults associat$ ) !m4 ,if ! s*ool & ! work%op exp]i5ce gives its pupils a reg>d = high accompli%m5t x w be unnecess>y to /ress ! fact t z responsible memb]s ( ! work+ /aff ! le>n]s are n on a foot+ ) ! exp]t work]s4 ,! tea*]s or %op manag]s w help ! y\ng] memb]s to ga9 ! k & facility :i* !y h acquir$ z fell[ memb]s ( an ent]prise ,9 :i* all h a common int]e/ ,! p>ticipation ( ! "y memb]s 9 ! ent]prise w be great or small dep5d+ ^u _! a*ievem5t ( /&>ds4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! case ( (fice "w :e!r ! individual *ildr5 are entru/$ ) ! correspond5ce1 bookkeep+ or bank+1 w dep5d ^u :e!r or n !y h a*iev$ ! adult /&>ds 9 ! %op = su* bus9ess details4 ,b /&>ds 9 bus9ess acc\nt+1 9 e/imat+ co/s1 9 plann+ op]ations1 & 9 te*nique1 w n be ma9ta9$ z !y usually are 9 indu/rial s*ools = ! sake ( ! tra9+1 b = ! purpose ( c>ry+ =w>d successfully ! actual "w ) :i* ! %op is conc]n$4 ,:ile ! educational exp]i5ce is conc]n$ 9 "p ) appreciation ( workman%ip1 creative inspiration 9 mod]n indu/ry w nev] be a common exp]i5ce until ! work]s ga9 an und]/&+ & recognise ! significance ( _! special ent]prise 9 relation to o!r indu/rial ent]prises & to ! bus9ess ( weal? production z a :ole4 ,if ! s*ool exp]i5ce is educational1 ! int]e/ ( ! pupils 9 subject matt] w n end ) ! solution ( _! %op problems or ) _! exp]i5ce 9 indu/ry4 ,! above outl9e ( t5tative s*ool subjects repres5t+ z !y d ! solution ( ! problems ( a specific indu/ry signifies m]ely ! />t+ po9t ( an adv5ture = "y p 9 ! s]i\s affairs ( adult life4 ,!re w be a l>ge m>g9 = *oice 9 ! election ( subjects 9 :i* individual *ildr5 w c>e to specialize b ^! subjects w be relat$ m or less directly to ! indu/ry4 ,! pupils w d\btless be fre] 9 ! second ye> ?an 9 ! fir/ to *oose :]e !y want to specialize z !y w h _h "t 9 :i* to e/abli% _! gr\nd "w4 ,b ! election ( /udies 9 a two ye>s' half-"t c\rse w n admit ( flights v f> afield ( ! subject 9 h& & ( ! problems orig9ally set up4 ,^? *ildr5 :o f9d t _! p>ticipation 9 a productive ent]prise is an enri*+ exp]i5ce may elect to foll[ "s special leads 9 sci5ce1 9 ! pa/ & pres5t hi/ory ( manufacture & comm]ce1 9 economics1 9 lit]ature or 9 art4 ,! int5tion ( ! s*ool is to op5 up opportunities = su* expansive expressions ( ! concrete exp]i5ce z "t & ! capacity ( ! pupils admit1 provid$ t ! expression has its valid relation to ! promotion or ! enri*m5t ( ! ent]prise ( :i* !y are responsible memb]s4 ,c]ta9 pupils1 we w say1 w elect to c>ry fur!r ?an o!rs ! te/+ ( fuel1 ( heat+ & v5tilat+4 ,o!rs may be conc]n$ ) exp]im5ts 9 p[]4 ,a subject possibly w become ( su* absorb+ int]e/ to a pupil t he w want to exp]im5t ) ! "o he elects = its own sake & )\t relation to ! problems 9 ! %op4 ,8 int]e/ may c>ry him into pure sci5ce1 unatta*$ to any problem 9 h&4 ,9 su* cases ! pupil %\ld be giv5 a *ance to te/ out 8 int]e/2 he %\ld be plac$ on probation 9 relation to 8 elect$ subject & if 8 int]e/ holds & is suffici5tly s]i\s he w be advis$ to give up ! s*ool-%op "w & foll[ ! lead 8 int]e/ has tak5 9 "s o!r place or s*ool4 ,inde$ ! value ( ! exp]im5t w re/ on discov]+ :e!r or n x holds ! int]e/ ( ! pupils1 or h[ & :]e x div]ts x4 ,! exp]im5t is laun*$ on ! assumption t ! normal adolesc5t *ild is conc]n$ ) ! responsibilities ( adult life2 especially x is assum$ t he is conc]n$ to function creatively1 to associate ) o!rs 9 productive "w1 to help supply su* fundam5tal ne$s z ! h\s+1 fe$+ & clo?+ & ! pleasures ( ! _w dem&4 ,x is assum$ t ! desire = exp]i5ce 9 pure sci5ce1 9 art = art's sake1 comes be=e z well z aft] ?is p]iod :5 ! ne$ = social contact is1 x is aga9 assum$1 ! dom9at+ emotion4 ,we h no sci5tific pro( t any ( ^! ?+s are true1 b we h suffici5t evid5ce to ju/ify an exp]im5t4 ,:e!r or n x is possible = mod]n indu/ry to (f] "y p a prop] *ance = mak+ _! social adju/m5ts is also a "q :i* ,i hope ?is exp]im5t may help to answ]4 ,we c d no less ?an use ! conditions ( indu/ry z !y pres5t !mselves to u z our basis = a trial4 ,i h />t$ ) ! belief t possibly ! division ( labor & sci5tific me?ods ( managem5t if h&l$ by ! work]s 9 conjunction ) eng9e]s & p ( exp]i5ce c be made ! in/rum5ts ( associat$ life4 ,if !re is gr\nd = ?is assumption x w be important to induce ! "y p :o ent] ! s*ool & "w %op to give _! indu/rial exp]i5ce a fair trial & to po/pone ! pursuit ( pure sci5ce or art = its own sake4 ,! subject matt] tak5 up 9 ?is s*ool c be subject$ to a =mal s*ool classification1 "u su* regul> academic head+s z ,ma!matics1 ,sci5ce1 ,economics1 ,geography1 ,hi/ory1 ,read+1 ,composition & ,draw+4 ,:ile ^! subjects w be exp]im5tally r ?an academically pursu$1 x w be a matt] ( small mom5t & %ort "t = pupils to makeup defici5cies :i* ! traditional s*ool c\rses require4 ,?is is true because ! pupils w h _h fir/ h& exp]i5ce ) ! subject matt] 9 :i* ! ord9>y s*ool *ild is tra9$ or he>s ab\t4 ,! free pursuit ( _! /udies w give !m a famili>ity & speak+ acqua9tance ) ! subject matt] ) :i* ! traditional s*ool is av[$ly conc]n$ b :i* x h&les & gu>ds z ?\gh x 7 ! cu/odian ( "s preci\s1 b insub/antial matt]1 belong+ to a _w some:at att5uat$4 ,x is ! int5tion ( ?is educational exp]im5t to br+ d[n ! great ent]prise ( indu/ry1 s f> z x is possible to its real "* & to high accompli%m5t1 & 9 s do+ to give ! "y p ! exp]i5ce ( ! indu/rial adv5ture & full a*ievem5t1 le/ !y become ! subjects ( ^? :o control ! movem5ts ( indu/ry & det]m9e ! "* ( its advance4 ,! practical te/ ( ! exp]im5t briefly outl9$ w\ld be3 7#a7 ,0 ! creative impulse ar\s$8 7#b7 ,7 /&>ds ( workman%ip discov]$ & su/a9$8 7#c7 ,0 a broad z well z a work+ k ( subject matt] acquir$8 7#d7 ,did ! *ildr5 approa* e/abli%$ me?ods 9 a _s ( hospitality & ( inquiry z to _! validity8 7#e7 ,did ! problems create suffici5t int]e/ to ar\se ! desire & w to reject faulty me?ods1 & introduce o!rs ( great] s]vice8 7#f7 ,0 ! ent]prise a productive "o f ! po9t ( view ( ! m>ket & an educational "o f ! po9t ( view ( gr[?8 ,su* exp]im5ts educators & eng9e]s w\ld ent] toge!r & toge!r enjoy 9 reality ! developm5t ( creative ef=t1 :i* is _! pr(ession4 ,su* productive educational exp]im5ts 9 ! abs5ce ( pr(ite]+ w\ld give mean+ to ! e>ly ye>s ( indu/rial life :i* n[ lead ! *ildr5 n[h]e4 ,!y w\ld give ! "y p1 z ! exp]im5ts come up to ! te/1 ! _s = ! adv5ture ( indu/rial life1 ! c\rage & desire = solv+ ! press+ issues ( _! "t4 ,if ! claim made by employ]s 7 true1 t f #ie to #ii p] c5t ( ! work+ =ce is )\t productive impulse1 t ?is condition ( developm5t repres5ts1 z !y say x does1 ! native limitation ( ! m5 :o "w1 indu/ry z a progressive ent]prise is doom$ & high hopes = civilization are )\t f\ndation4 ,if ! position ( employ]s is true & ! limitations ( individuals are z f9al z !y h det]m9$1 !re is no?+ to d except p]fect ! me*anical responses ( m54 ,?is prem95tly w\ld be ! bus9ess ( employ]s & n ( education :i* is conc]n$ ) ! gr[? ( ! individual4 ,on su* a basis1 x is inconceivable t educators w\ld conc]n !mselves ) prep>+ p = indu/ry4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ^! limitations are n native1 b are due to "s incompatibility betwe5 ! in/itution ( indu/ry & ! int]e/ ( ! labor =ce1 !n ! limitations ( work]s & ( indu/ry are a matt] ( p>am\nt importance 9 ! field ( education4 ,z ,i h said be=e !re is a common supposition among p :o are n employ]s ( labor1 t su* features ( indu/ry z ! me*anical devices ( mod]n te*nology & ! division ( labor 9 factory organization1 are 9 _! nature oppos$ to ! expansive developm5t ( ! p involv$2 t ^! features ( app>5t intr9sic importance to mass production1 are antagoni/ic to individual gr[? & to ! int]e/ ( work]s 9 productive ef=t4 ,)\t "q1 x is ! bus9ess ( educators to det]m9e :e!r su* features ( indu/ry z ma*9]y & ! division ( labor are fundam5tally oppos$ to gr[? or :e!r !y are oppos$ only 9 ! way 9 :i* !y h be5 put to use & direct$4 ,we c discov] :e!r or n ^! features are oppos$ only z ! p conc]n$ h ! *ance to ma/] !m & und]take1 ?r\gh _! exp]i5ce1 to turn !m to acc\nt4 ,because indu/ry has be5 imp]sonaliz$ & ! me*anics ( associat$ ef=t 9 indu/ry work$ out 9 su* l>ge measure1 x is to-day possible to conceive ( spiritual z well z physical association 9 productive ent]prise4 ,a difficulty 9 ! way ( ?is conception1 aside f ! bus9ess complex1 is our habit ( ?9k+ exclusively ( creative ef=t z an individual expression4 ,9 describ+ ! individual expression we w\ld say t a man may create a ma*9e b t :5 m5 jo9tly produce "o !y "w4 ,! creative act is 9 ! conception ( ! ma*9e 9 conjunction ) its con/ruction1 & ! conception1 aft] our habit ( ?9k+1 is an individual & isolat$ a*ievem5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact x frequ5tly is4 ,a man may create a ma*9e if he conceives x & con/ructs x or if he conceives & directs its con/ruction4 ,^? he directs1 ^? :o d ! "w ( con/ruction alone1 d n p>ticipate 9 ! creative act1 z ! creative act is ! conc5trat$ intellectual & emotional expression & ef=t to produce an article or idea4 ,! creative impulse is conc]n$ ) ! trans=m+ ( a concept or "s mat]ial into an exp&$ concept or a new object4 ,! creative impulse itself f9ds its satisfaction 9 ! process ( completion & loses its =ce :5 ! concept or object is produc$4 ,! use ( ! concept or object creat$ is n a *>act]i/ic ( ! creative b ( ! social impulse4 ,a man :o is int]e/$ 9 ! use or application ( a product1 ! value x has = o!rs1 possesses ! social impulse z well z ! creative4 ,"o impulse is int5sive & ! o!r ext5sive4 ,b ! creative ef=t is n necess>ily an individual matt]4 ,x may be possible = a gr\p ( p to associate cordially & freely toge!r ) a s+le creative purpose & endeavor4 ,x may be possible = ea* work] to exp]i5ce ! joy ( creative "w z he takes "p ) o!rs 9 ! plann+ ( ! "w along ) ! labor ( fabrication4 ,x is a creative exp]i5ce or dull labor z 8 association ) o!rs 9 ! solution ( ! problem is freely pursu$ & g5u9e1 or z x is =c$ & p]functory4 ,my ju/ification = mak+ ?is ass]tion w be recogniz$ by e "o :o has _h ! opportunity to att5d %op meet+s ( a newly organiz$ trade union4 ,^! meet+s are unique z !y disclose ! =ce 9 a productive gr\p1 & ! value ( giv+ ! individuals engag$ 9 r\t9e "w ! opportunity to pool _! common exp]i5ce & pass judgm5t on me?ods ( "w4 ,:atev] decisions ^! work]s come to1 none are fully realiz$ or freely pursu$ "u conditions :i* indu/ry imposes4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( %op meet+ discussions1 x becomes cle> to an obs]v] t me?ods ( "w is z absorb+ a topic z ! relation ( ! "w to ! wage4 ,! r\t9e :i* is ! app>5t result ( ! division ( labor1 becomes "u discussion a matt] ( te*nical import4 ,! work]s' k ( labor sav+ devices & _! res\rces = inv5t+ new ones are z exp]t z is ! bus9ess man's k ( h[ labor co/ c be sav$4 ,?is matt] "u discussion is ( high int]e/ & conc]n4 ,!re is an integrity 9 ! conc]n :i* evid5tly spr+s f exp]i5ce & ! suppress$ int]e/ 9 p]fect+ me?ods & ! int]-relation ( ! work]s 9 a %op4 ,! vitality & intellig5ce ( ^! ma*9e t5d]s may well inspire ! agitator :o addresses _! meet+s to curse a sy/em :i* )holds full k ( ! work%op & blocks ! opportunity = eag] work]s to try out new s*emes born ( int5sive exp]i5ce & failure to function 9 ! fullness ( _! capacity4 ,indu/ry (f]s opportunities = creative exp]i5ce :i* is social 9 its processes z well z 9 its de/9ation4 ,! imag9ative end ( production does n t]m9ate ) ! possession ( an article2 x does n c5t] 9 ! product or 9 ! skill ( ?is or t man1 b 9 ! developm5t ( comm]ce & te*nological processes & ! evolution ( _w acqua9tance%ip & und]/&+4 ,mod]n ma*9]y1 ! division ( labor1 ! bank+ sy/em1 me?ods ( communication1 make possible real association4 ,b !y are real & possible only z ! processes are op5 = ! common p>ticipation1 und]/&+ & judgm5t ( ^? engag$ 9 indu/rial ent]prise2 !y are real & possible z ! animus ( indu/ry *anges f exploitation to a common & associat$ desire to create2 !y are real & possible z ! individual "* ( indu/ry gives way be=e ! evolution ( social ef=t4 ,we speak ( int]dep5d5ce 9 indu/rial ent]prise z ?\gh x 7 "s new ?+4 ,! e>ly int]dep5d5ce _h its roots 9 ! common k & use ( an inh]it$ te*nology1 :]e prop]ty 0 common 9 ! common use ( x4 ,int]dep5d5ce due to mod]n te*nology has increas$1 & ! int]dep5d5ce :i* *>act]izes our own "t is economic4 ,! tools ( indu/ry z well z ! natural res\rces are own$1 & only by application to ! own] c a man live or labor4 ,h[ev] disa/r\s t own]%ip has be5 to pa/ g5]ations1 x has b\nd m5 toge!r 9 _! use ( :at we ironically call labor sav+ devices2 devices :i* h n sav$ labor 9 ! int]e/ ( labor4 ,out ( ?is close association ( m5 9 indu/ry h gr[n our national & int]national bus9ess corporations & our national & int]national labor unions4 ,^! corporations & unions are trans=m+ local & prov9cial relations into cosmopolitan acqua9tance%ip4 ,! recogniz$ value ( ! acqua9tance is 9 ! ext5sion ( k ( p ?r\gh _! use & wont ( mat]ial ?+s1 ( ! ways & means ( life outside limit$ & p]sonal areas4 ,! acqua9tance%ip does n imply fri5d%ip or sympa?y or und]/&+ among m5 or nations1 x does n necess>ily result 9 wisdom1 & to date1 x does n result 9 a l>g] social _s4 ,! acqua9tance%ip is bas$ n on mutuality ( int]e/1 b r on rivalry & mis9t]pretations4 ,:ile our in/itutional life is an ackn[l$gm5t t int]dep5d5ce is a necess>y factor 9 mod]n weal? production1 we /ill measure ! /r5g? ( a man1 or a society1 or a nation1 & say ( all t !y are /rong or weak z !y are able app>5tly to /& alone4 ,we h n yet discov]$ t a desire to /& alone 9 an ent]prise :]e p are ( necessity dep5d5t1 is a weakness & t our ability to cop]ate ) o!rs 9 su* an ent]prise is a measure ( our /r5g?1 ,f a social /&po9t dep5d5ce d5otes a p[] r ?an a weakness2 x involves int]dep5d5ce4 ,!re is always dang] t increas$ p]sonal indep5d5ce w decrease ! social capacity ( an individual4 ,9 mak+ him m self-reliant1 x makes him m self-suffici5t2 x may lead to alo(ness & indiff]5ce4 ,x (t5 makes an individual s ins5sitive 9 8 relation to o!rs z to develop an illusion ( be+ really able to /& & act alone1 an unnam$ =m ( insanity :i* is responsible = a l>ge "p ( ! rem$iable suff]+ ( ! _w4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,john ,dewey--,democracy & ,education1 p4 #eb4 ,?is prov9cial desire ( individuals to /& ap>t & prove to !mselves & to o!rs t !y are exceptional p is a primitive ambition 9 conflict ) ! actual facts ( a pres5t day society :]e int]dep5d5ce is a law ( liv+4 ,?is conflict is kept alive by ! indu/rial motive ( exploitation ( p & ( weal?4 ,exploitation precludes sympa?y z x precludes gr[?4 ,= sympa?y--z a desirable quality is some?+ m ?an m]e feel+2 x is cultivat$ imag9ation = :at m5 h 9 common & rebellion at :atev] unnecess>ily divides !m4 ,& fur!r1 ,pr(essor ,dewey rem>ks3 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ultimately social effici5cy means nei!r m nor less ?an capacity to %>e 9 a give-&-take exp]i5ce4 ,x cov]s all t makes "o's own exp]i5ce m wor? :ile to o!rs & all t makes "o p>ticipate m ri*ly 9 ! wor? :ile exp]i5ces ( o!rs4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,john ,dewey--,democracy & ,education1 p4 #ada4 ,:at ,pr(essor ,dewey says 9 ref]5ce to ! gr[? ( *ildr5 & adults is z abundantly significant 9 its application to society4 ,normal *ild & normal adult alike 444 are engag$ 9 gr[+4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is n ! diff]5ce betwe5 gr[? & no gr[?1 b betwe5 ! modes ( gr[? appropriate to diff]5t conditions4 ,) respect to ! developm5t ( p[]s devot$ to cop+ ) specific sci5tific & economic problems we may say ! *ild %\ld be gr[+ 9 manhood4 ,) respect to sympa!tic curiosity1 unbiass$ responsiv5ess1 & op5ness ( m9d1 we may say t ! adult %\ld be gr[+ 9 *ildlik5ess4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,john ,dewey--,democracy & ,education1 p4 #ei4 ,z ,am]ica & ! great] "p ( ,europe h be5 = ov] a c5tury devot+ _! att5tion to cop+ ) specific sci5tific & economic problems1 is _! manhood due to appe>8 ,is ! raw1 immature "* ( pres5t day association & int]dep5d5ce to be enri*$ by sympa!tic curiosity1 unbias$ responsiv5ess & op5ness ( m9d8 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is _w w> ,i v5ture no pr$iction on ! appe>ance ( manhood4 ,b cle>ly !re is a l9e ( action = educators to pursue4 ,cle>] ?an ev] be=e x is evid5t t x is ! bus9ess ( educators to see t s*emes ( education are introduc$ :i* d n fit *ildr5 into a sy/em ( indu/ry t s]ves ei!r ,empire or bus9ess1 b a sy/em t s]ves :ole-he>t$ly creative ent]prise z x might be pursu$ 9 ! p]iod ( y\? z well u 9 adult life4 ,)9 ! pa/ c5tury & p>ticul>ly 9 ! pa/ g5]ation we h made brave ef=ts at cop]ation1 b our failures to realize ! _s ( cop]ation are z notori\s z ! ef=ts !mselves4 ,! ef=t to "w toge!r 9 indu/ry has be5 brutal r ?an brave4 ,we %all acc\nt = ?is brutality 9 indu/ry & recognize :y ! _s = cop]ation 9 o!r fields has fail$1 z we di/+ui% betwe5 a pu]ile desire ( individuals to express !mselves & _! impulses = creative ent]prise4 ,z indu/ry ?r\gh ! ages has *ang$ f ! isolat$ bus9ess ( provision+ a family to ! associat$ "w ( provision+ ! _w1 x has blaz$ a pa?way = relation%ips :i* are socially creative4 ,b art 9 social relation%ips w n be realiz$ until a passionate desire = ! unlimit$ expression ( creative ef=t ov]comes inord9ate desires ( individuals = self-expression4 ,art 9 liv+ toge!r is possible :]e ! int5sive int]e/ ( individuals 9 _! p]sonal affairs & atta9m5ts1 9 _! social gr\p1 9 _! vocation1 9 _! political /ate1 is deeply temp]$ by a wide int]e/ & sympa!tic reg>d = ! life ( o!r gr\ps & p4 ,art 9 social relation%ips is cont+5t on broad sympa?ies & ext5d$ relation%ips1 & x is cont+5t z well on ability to "w = social ends :ile rema9+ 9 l>ge measure disreg>dful ( ! p]sonal /akes involv$4 ,because ( our inability to lose our p]sonal atta*m5t = our own "w1 because ( :at x may yield u 9 p]sonal ways1 ! _w nev] yet has exp]i5c$ ! joy & creative possibility ( associat$ ef=t ,& because x has n we h /ill to exp]i5ce art 9 social contact4 ,9 gr\p "w !re may be z mu* p[] to release emotional & intellectual creative =ce z 9 individual "w2 !re may be m--we d n "k4 ,!re is a t5d5cy we d "k 9 isolat$1 individual creative ef=t1 unless highly *>g$ ) creative impulse1 to cultivate p]sonal equations int5sively1 limit relation%ips1 & circumscribe vision4 ,z ! movem5t ( our "t is t[>d _w acqua9tance%ip1 ! desire ( individuals to limit _! exp]i5ces = ! sake ( int5sify+ !m1 signifies f a social po9t ( view z well z a p]sonal1 a neurotic t5d5cy4 ,!re is a common & false supposition t ! neurotic temp]am5t is induc$ 9 ! _w ( art4 ,x is true t an art environm5t attracts p ^: creative impulse is feeble or n suffici5tly /rong to sublimate ! desire = int5sive p]sonal excitation4 ,su* p *oose art associations because !y are limit$ to individual expression & n because ( ! ov]p[]+ necessity to d "w :i* is creative4 ,z ! era 9 :i* we live repres5ts a /ruggle = associat$ "w & common int]e/s & its highe/ concept is oppos$ to limit$ int]e/s & autocratic rule1 we may well give our be/ endeavor to realiz+ creative impulse 9 ! field ( associat$ ef=t1 9 ! hope t ! field ( art w be "s day coext5sive ) life1 & t its expressions w n be conf9$ to ! limit$ _w ( sculptors1 pa9t]s1 musicians & poets4