,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,good--,a ,,dialogue ,,by ,g4 ,,l[es ,,dick9son ,fell[ ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 & ,au?or ( a ,mod]n ,symposium ,,?ird ,,edition #aijj ,,d$ication ,h[ d ! waves along ! level %ore ,foll[ & fly 9 hurry+ %eets ( foam1 ,= ev] do+ :at !y did be=e1 ,= ev] climb+ :at is nev] clomb6 ,is !re an end to _! p]petual ha/e1 ,_! it]at$ r\nd ( l[ & high1 ,or is x "o monotony ( wa/e ,"u ! vision ( ! vacant sky8 ,& ?\1 :o on ! ocean ( ?y days ,do/ l a swimm] pati5tly cont5d1 ,& ?\gh ?\ /e]e/ ) a %orew>d gaze ,misd\bte/ ( a h>b\r or an end1 ,:at w\ld ! ?reat1 or :at ! promise be1 ,c\ld ,i b read ! riddle ( ! sea6 ,,preface ,an attempt at ,philosophic ,dialogue may seem to dem& a ^w ( explanation1 if n ( apology4 ,=1 x may be said1 ! ,dialogue is a lit]>y =m n only exce$+ly difficult to h&le1 b1 9 its application to philosophy1 discr$it$ by a long s]ies ( failures4 ,i am n indiff]5t to ?is w>n+2 yet ,i _c b ?9k t ,i h *os5 ! =m be/ suit$ to my purpose4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! problems ,i h und]tak5 to discuss h an int]e/ n only philosophic b practical2 & ,i 0 ambiti\s to treat !m 9 a way :i* might p]haps appeal to "s read]s :o are n pr(ess$ /ud5ts ( philosophy4 ,&1 secondly1 my subject is "o :i* belongs to ! sph]e ( "r op9ion & p]ception1 r ?an to t ( logic & demon/ration2 & seems !re=e to be prop]ly approa*$ 9 ! t5tative _s fav\r$ by ! ,dialogue =m4 ,on su* topics mo/ m51 ,i ?9k1 w feel t x is 9 conv]sation t !y get _! be/ lights2 & ,dialogue is m]ely an attempt to reproduce 9 lit]>y =m ?is natural g5esis ( op9ion4 ,la/ly1 my own attitude 9 approa*+ ! issues ) :i* ,i h dealt 01 ,i f\nd1 s little dogmatic1 s s9c]ely speculative1 t ,i %\ld h felt myself hamp]$ by ! =m ( a treatise4 ,i 0 m desir\s to set =? v>i\s po9ts ( view ?an f9ally to repudiate or endorse !m2 & ?\gh ,i h tak5 occasion to sugge/ c]ta9 op9ions ( my own1 ,i h endeav\r$ to d s 9 ! way :i* %\ld be lea/ imprison+ to my own ?\ght1 & lea/ provocative ( ! read]'s antagonism4 ,x has be5 my object1 to borr[ a phrase ( ,r5an1 'de prs5t] des sries d'ides se dveloppant selon un ordre logique1 et non d'inculqu] une op9ion ou de pr*] un sy/me dt]m94' ,& ,i may add1 ) him1 ',mo9s que jamais je me s5s l'audace de p>l] doctr9al]n5t en p>eille matire4' ,9 conclusion1 !re is "o defect :i* is1 ,i ?9k1 inh]5t 9 ! ,dialogue =m1 ev5 if x 7 treat$ ) f> great] skill ?an any to :i* ,i c pret5d4 ,! connection ( ! v>i\s phases ( ! discussion c h>dly be z cle>ly m>k$ z x w\ld be 9 a =mal treatise2 & 9 ! mid/ ( digressions & int]ruptions1 su* z are natural 9 conv]sation1 ! ma9 ?read ( ! reason+ may sometimes be lo/ ,i h !re=e app5d$ a brief summ>y ( ! argum5t1 set =? 9 its logical connections4 ,,argum5t ,,book ,i4 ,i4 ,aft] a brief introduction1 ! discussion />ts ) a consid]ation ( ! div]sity ( m5's ideas ab\t ,good1 a div]sity :i* sugge/s prim facie a scepticism z to ! tru? ( any ( ^! ideas4 ,! sceptical position is /at$2 &1 9 answ]1 an attempt is made to %[ t ! position is "o :i* is n really accept$ by ?9k+ m54 ,= su* m51 x is ma9ta9$1 regulate _! lives by _! ideas ab\t ,good1 & ?us by implication admit _! belief 9 ^! ideas4 ,?is is admitt$2 b ! fur!r objection is made1 t = ! regulation ( life x is only necess>y = a man to admit a ,good = himself1 )\t admitt+ also a ,g5]al ,good or ,good ( all4 ,x is sugge/$1 9 reply1 t ! conduct ( ?9k+ m5 commonly does imply a belief 9 a ,g5]al ,good4 ,aga9/ ?is x is urg$ t ! belief impli$ is n 9 a ,good ( all1 b m]ely 9 ! mutual compatibility ( ! ,goods ( individuals2 s t ea* :il/ pursu+ exclusively 8 own ,good1 may also believe t he is contribut+ to t ( o!rs4 ,9 reply1 x is sugge/$ 7#a7 t su* a belief is n borne out by fact2 7#b7 t ! belief does itself admit a ,good common to all1 namely1 society & its in/itutions4 ,9 conclusion1 x is urg$ t to disbelieve 9 a ,g5]al ,good is to empty life ( :at con/itutes1 = mo/ ?9k+ m51 its ma9 value4 ,,ii4 ,! position has n[ be5 tak5 up 7#a7 t m5 :o reflect d1 :atev] may be _! !oretical op9ion1 imply1 9 _! actual conduct1 a belief 9 _! ideas ab\t ,good1 7#b7 b t !re seems to be no c]ta9ty t su* ideas are true4 ,?is latt] proposition is di/a/eful to "s ( ! p>ty1 :o endeav\r to ma9ta9 t !re really is no unc]ta9ty z to :at is good4 ,?us x is argu$3 7#a7 ,t ! crit]ion ( ,good is a simple infallible in/9ct4 ,to :i* x is repli$ t !re appe> to be _m su* 'in/9cts' conflict+ among !mselves4 7#b7 ,t ! crit]ion ( ,good is ! c\rse ( ,nature2 ,good be+ def9$ z ! end to :i* ,nature is t5d+4 ,to :i* x is repli$ t su* a judgm5t is z a priori & unbas$ z any o!r1 & z mu* op5 to dispute4 ,x is !n urg$ t if we reject ! propos$ crit]ion1 we c h no sci5tific basis = ,e?ics2 :i* leads to a brief discussion ( ! nature ( ,sci5ce1 & ! applicability ( its me?ods to ,e?ics4 7#c7 ,t ! crit]ion ( ,good is curr5t conv5tion4 ,to :i* x is repli$1 t conv5tions are always *ang+1 & t ! moral re=m] is precisely ! man :o disputes ^? :i* are curr5t4 ,especially1 x is urg$ t our own conv5tions are1 9 fact1 vigor\sly *all5g$1 e4g4 by ,nietzs*e4 7#d7 ,t ! crit]ion ( ,good is ,pleasure1 or ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,to :i* x is repli$3 7a7 ,t ?is view is n1 z is commonly urg$1 9 accordance ) 'common s5se4' 7b7 ,t ei!r ,pleasure mu/ be tak5 9 ! simple/ & n>r[e/ s5se2 9 :i* case x is palpably inadequate z a crit]ion ( ,good2 or its mean+ mu/ be s widely ext5d$ t ! t]m ,pleasure becomes z indef9ite z ! t]m ,good4 7c7 ,t if ! crit]ion ( ,pleasure 7 to be fairly appli$1 x w\ld lead to results t w\ld %ock ^? :o pr(ess to adopt x4 ,,iii4 ,^! me?ods ( det]m9+ ,good hav+ be5 set aside1 x is sugge/$ t x is only by 'int]rogat+ exp]i5ce' t we c discov]1 t5tatively1 :at ?+s are good4 ,to ?is x is object$1 t p]haps all our ideas d]iv$ f exp]i5ce are false1 & t ! only me?od ( det]m9+ ,good w\ld be metaphysical1 & a priori4 ,9 reply1 ! b>e possibility ( su* a me?od is admitt$2 b x is urg$ t no "o really believes t all our op9ions d]iv$ f exp]i5ce are false1 & t su* a belief1 if held1 w\ld deprive life ( all e?ical significance & wor?4 ,f9ally1 x is sugge/$ t ! position 9 :i* we d actually f9d ourselves1 is t ( m5 :o h a real1 ?\gh imp]fect p]ception ( a real ,good1 & :o are endeav\r+1 by practice1 to p]fect t p]ception4 ,9 ?is respect an analogy is drawn betwe5 our p]ception ( ,good & our p]ception ( ,beauty4 ,x is fur!r sugge/$ t ! end ( life is n m]ely a k b an exp]i5ce ( ,good2 ?is end be+ conceiv$ z "o to be realis$ 9 ,"t4 ,,iv4 ,on ?is1 ! po9t is rais$1 :e!r x is n necess>y to conceive ,good z et]nally exi/+1 r ?an z some?+ to be br\ght into exi/5ce 9 ! c\rse ( ,"t8 ,on ?is view1 ,evil mu/ be conceiv$ z m]e 'appe>ance4' ,9 reply1 x is sugge/$3 7#a7 ,t x is impossible to reconcile ! conception ( et]nal ,good ) ! obvi\s fact ( temporal ,evil4 7#b7 ,t su* a view r$uces to an absurdity all action direct$ to ends 9 ,"t4 ,& yet x seems t su* action n only is b ought to be pursu$1 z appe>s to be admitt$ ev5 by ^? :o hold t ,good exi/s et]nally1 s9ce !y make x an end ( action t !y %\ld come to see t ev]y?+ is good4 7#c7 ,t ?is latt] conception ( ! end ( action--namely1 t we %\ld br+ ourselves to see t :at appe>s to be ,evil is really ,good--is too flagrantly oppos$ to common s5se to be s]i\sly accept$4 ,to sum up3 ,9 ?is ,book ! foll[+ positions h be5 discuss$ & reject$3 7#a7 ,t our ideas ab\t ,good h no relation to any real fact4 7#b7 ,t we h easy & simple crit]ia ( ,good--su* z 7a7 an infallible in/9ct1 7b7 ! c\rse ( ,nature1 7c7 curr5t conv5tions1 7d7 pleasure4 7#c7 ,t all ,reality is good1 & all ,evil is m]e 'appe>ance4' ,& x has be5 sugge/$ t our exp]i5ce is1 or may be made1 a progressive discov]y ( ,good4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,book ! "q ( ! cont5t ( ,good is approa*$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,ii4 ,?is ,book comprises an attempt to exam9e "s k9ds ( ,good1 to po9t out _! defects & limitations1 & to sugge/ ! "* ( a ,good :i* we might hold to be p]fect--"h ref]r$ to z ',! ,good4' ,! attitude adopt$ is t5tative1 = x is bas$ on ! position1 at :i* we are suppos$ to h arriv$1 t ! exp]i5ce ( any "o p]son1 or set ( p]sons1 ab\t ,good is limit$ & imp]fect1 & t !re=e 9 any attempt to describe :at x is t we hold to be good1 to comp>e ,goods among "o ano!r1 & to sugge/ an absolute ,good1 we c only hope1 at be/1 to arrive at "s approximation to tru?4 ,i4 ,?is attitude is expla9$ at ! outset1 & c]ta9 prelim9>y po9ts are !n discuss$4 ,^! are3 7#a7 ,c any ,good be an end = u unless x is conceiv$ to be an object ( consci\sness8 ,! negative answ] is sugge/$4 7#b7 ,9 pursu+ ,good1 = :om d we pursue x8 ,x is sugge/$ t ! ,good we pursue is 7a7 ,t ( future g5]ations4 ,"s difficulties 9 ?is view are br\ght out2 & x is h9t$ t :at we really pursue is ! ,good ( '! ,:ole1' ?\gh x is n easy to see :at we mean by t4 7b7 ,t ( '! species4' ,b ?is view too is se5 to be involv$ 9 difficulty4 ,,ii4 ,! difficulty is left unsolv$1 & ! conv]sation passes on to an exam9ation ( "s ( our activities f ! po9t ( view ( ,good4 ,9 ?is exam9ation a d\ble object is kept 9 view3 7#a7 to br+ out ! *>act]i/ics & defects ( ea* k9d ( ,good2 7#b7 to sugge/ a ,good :i* might be conceiv$ to be free f defects1 su* a ,good be+ ref]r$ to z ',! ,good4' 7#a7 ,x is fir/ sugge/$ t all activities are good1 if pursu$ 9 ! prop] ord] & proportion2 & t :at seems bad 9 ea*1 view$ 9 isolation1 is se5 to be good 9 a g5]al survey ( !m all4 ,?is view1 x is argu$1 is too extravagant to be t5able4 7#b7 ,x is sugge/$ t ,good consi/s 9 e?ical activity4 ,to ?is x is object$ t e?ical actions are always means to an end1 & t x is ?is end t mu/ be conceiv$ to be really good4 7#c7 ,! activity ( ! s5ses 9 _! direct contact ) physical objects is discuss$4 ,?is is admitt$ to be a k9d ( ,good2 b su* ,good1 x is ma9ta9$1 is defective1 n only because x is prec>i\s1 b because x dep5ds ^u objects ( :i* x is n ! ess5ce to produce t ,good1 b :i*1 on ! contr>y1 j z mu* & z (t5 produce ,evil4 7#d7 ,?is leads to a discussion ( ,art4 ,9 ,art1 x seems1 we are br\ght into relation ) objects ( :i* x may be said3 7a7 ,t !y h1 by _! ess5ce1 t ,good :i* is call$ ,beauty4 7b7 ,t1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 !y may be said to be et]nal4 7c7 ,t1 ?\gh complex1 !y are su* t _! p>ts are necess>ily connect$1 9 ! s5se t ea* is ess5tial to ! total ,beauty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,good ( ,art suff]s f ! defects3 7a7 ,t outside & indep5d5t ( ,art !re is ! 'real _w1' s t ?is ,good is only a p>tial "o4 7b7 ,t ,art is a creation ( man1 :]eas we seem to dem&1 = a ?+ t %all be p]fectly good1 t x %all be s ( its own nature1 )\t our int]v5tion4 7#e7 ,x is sugge/$ t p]haps we may f9d ! ,good we seek 9 k4 ,?is raises ! difficulty t v>i\s views are held z to ! nature ( k4 ,( ^!1 two are discuss$3 7a7 ! view t k is '! description & summ+ up 9 brief =mul1 ( ! r\t9e ( our p]ceptions4' ,x is que/ion$ :e!r !re is really mu* ,good 9 su* an activity4 ,& x is argu$ t1 :atev] ,good x may h1 x _c be ! ,good1 see+ t k may be1 & frequ5tly is1 k ( ,bad4 7b7 ! view t k consi/s 9 ! p]ception ( 'necess>y connections1' ,view$ f ! /&po9t ( ,good1 ?is seems to be op5 to ! same objection z 7a74 ,b1 fur!r1 x is argu$ t ! p]petual contemplation ( necess>y relations among ideas does n satisfy our conception ( ! ,good2 b t we require an elem5t analog\s someh[ to t ( s5se1 ?\gh n1 l s5se1 un9telligible & obscure4 7#f7 ,f9ally1 x is sugge/$ t 9 our relation to o!r p]sons1 :]e ! relation takes ! =m ( love1 we may p]haps f9d some?+ t comes ne>] ?an any o!r ( our exp]i5ces to be+ absolutely good4 ,= 9 t relation1 x is urg$1 we are 9 contact 7a7 ) objects1 n 'm]e ideas4' 7b7 ) objects t are good 9 !mselves & 7c7 intelligible & 7d7 h>moni\s to our own nature4 ,x is object$ t love1 s conceiv$1 is 7a7 r>ely1 p]haps nev]1 exp]i5c$4 7b7 9 any case1 is nei!r et]nal nor univ]sal4 ,?is is admitt$2 b x is ma9ta9$ t ! be/ love we "k comes ne>] ?an any?+ else to :at we might conceive to be absolutely good4 ,,iii4 ,! "q is n[ rais$3 if '! ,good' be s conceiv$1 is x n cle>ly unatta9able8 ,! answ] to ?is "q seems to dep5d on :e!r or n we believe 9 p]sonal immortality4 ,! foll[+ po9ts are !re=e discuss$3 7a7 ,:e!r p]sonal immortality is conceivable8 7b7 ,:e!r a belief 9 x is ess5tial to a reasonable pursuit ( ,good8 ,on ^! po9ts no dogmatic solution is (f]$2 & ! ,dialogue closes ) ! description ( a dream4 ,,book ,i4 ,e summ]1 = sev]al ye>s pa/1 x has be5 my cu/om to arrange 9 "s pleasant place1 ei!r 9 ,engl& or on ! cont95t1 a ga!r+ ( old college fri5ds4 ,9 ?is way ,i h be5 enabl$ n only to ma9ta9 "s happy intimacies1 b 7:at to a man ( my occupation is n unimportant7 to refre% & ext5d1 by an int]*ange ( ideas ) m5 ( v>i\s call+s1 an exp]i5ce ( life :i* might be o!rwise unduly monoton\s & conf9$4 ,la/ ye>1 9 p>ticul>1 our meet+ 0 r5d]$ to me especially agreeable by ! pres5ce ( a v de> fri5d1 ,philip ,audubon1 :om1 s9ce 8 bus9ess lay 9 ! ,ea/1 ,i _h n _h an opportunity ( see+ = _m ye>s4 ,i m5tion him p>ticul>ly1 because1 al?\gh1 z w be se51 he did n take mu* "p 9 ! discussion ,i am ab\t to describe1 he 01 9 a s5se1 ! orig9ator ( x4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 x 0 he :o _h invit$ u to ! place 9 :i* we 7 /ay+1--an upl& valley 9 ,switz]l&1 :]e he _h tak5 a h\se2 &1 fur!r1 x 0 ?r\gh my r5ew$ int]c\rse ) him t ,i 0 l$ into ! tra9 ( ?\ght :i* issu$ 9 ! foll[+ conv]sation4 ,8 life 9 ! ,ea/1 a life labori\s & monoton\s 9 ! extreme1 _h confirm$ 9 him a melan*oly to :i* he 0 con/itutionally incl9$1 & :i* appe>$ to be r height5$ ?an dim9i%$ by exceptional success 9 a difficult c>e]4 ,i hesitate to describe 8 attitude z pessimi/ic1 = ! ^w has associations ) ! s*ools f :i* he 0 s+ul>ly free4 ,8 melan*oly 0 n ! artificial product ( a philosophic sy/em2 x 0 temp]am5tal r ?an intellectual1 & might be describ$1 p]haps1 z an intuition r ?an a judgm5t ( ! wor?lessness & irrationality ( ! _w4 ,su* a position is n readily %ak5 by argum5t1 nor did ,i make any direct attempt to assail x2 b x c\ld n fail to impress itself /rongly ^u my m9d1 & to keep my ?\ghts con/antly employ$ ^u t old problem ( ! wor? ( ?+s1 9 :i*1 inde$1 = o!r reasons1 ,i 0 already suffici5tly int]e/$4 ,a fur!r impulse 9 ! same direction 0 giv5 by ! arrival ( ano!r old fri5d1 ,ar?ur ,ellis4 ,he & ,i _h be5 drawn toge!r at college by a common int]e/ 9 philosophy2 b 9 lat] ye>s our pa?s _h div]g$ widely4 ,=tune & incl9ation _h l$ him into an active c>e]1 & = "s ye>s he _h be5 travell+ abroad z correspond5t to "o ( ! daily pap]s4 ,i felt1 !re=e1 "s curiosity to r5ew my acqua9tance ) him1 & to asc]ta9 h[ f> 8 views _h be5 modifi$ by 8 exp]i5ce ( ! _w4 ,! morn+ aft] 8 arrival he jo9$ ,audubon & myself 9 a k9d ( loggia at ! back ( ! h\se1 :i* 0 our common place ( r5dezv\s4 ,we ex*ang$ ! usual greet+s1 & = "s m9utes no?+ m 0 said1 s pleasant 0 x to sit sil5t 9 ! %ade li/5+ to ! swi% ( scy!s 7!y 7 cutt+ ! grass 9 ! mead[ opposite7 & to ! bubbl+ ( a little f\nta9 9 ! g>d5 on our "r1 :ile ! sun grew hott] e m9ute on ! fir-cov]$ slopes beyond4 ,i want$ to talk1 & yet ,i 0 unwill+ to beg92 b pres5tly ,ellis turn$ to me & said3 ,well1 my de> philosoph]1 & h[ goes ! _w ) y8 ,:at h y be5 do+ 9 all ^! ye>s s9ce we met8 ,oh1 ,i repli$1 no?+ wor? talk+ ab\t4 ,:at h y be5 ?9k+ !n8 ,j n[ ,i h be5 ?9k+ h[ well y look4 ,knock+ ab\t ! _w seems to suit y4 ,i ?9k x does4 ,& yet at ?is mom5t1 :e!r x be ! quiet ( ! place1 or :e!r x be ! sight ( y\r philosophic c\nt5ance1 ,i feel a k9d ( ye>n+ = ! contemplative life4 ,i believe if ,i /ay$ "h long y w\ld lure me back to philosophy2 & yet ,i ?\ght ,i _h f9ally escap$ :5 ,i broke away f y be=e4 ,x is n s easy1 ,i said1 to escape f t net1 once "o is caught4 ,b x 0 n ,i :o spread ! sn>e2 ,i 0 only try+ to help y out1 or1 at lea/1 to get out myself4 ,& h y f\nd a way8 ,no1 ,i _c say t ,i h4 ,t's :y ,i want to talk to y & he> h[ y h f>$4 ,i8 ,oh1 ,i h giv5 ! :ole subject up4 ,y c h>dly give up ! subject till y give up life4 ,y may h giv5 up read+ books ab\t x2 &1 = t matt]1 s h ,i4 ,b t is only because ,i want to grapple ) x m closely4 ,:at d y d1 !n1 if y d n read books8 ,i talk to z _m p z ,i c1 & especially to ^? :o h _h no special education 9 philosophy2 & try to f9d out to :at conclusions !y h be5 l$ by _! own direct exp]i5ce4 ,conclusions ab\t :at8 ,ab\t _m ?+s4 ,b 9 p>ticul> ab\t ! po9t we us$ to be fonde/ ( discuss+ 9 ! days be=e y _h1 z y say1 giv5 up ! subject--,i mean ! :ole "q ( ! values we atta*1 or ought to atta*1 to ?+s4 ,oh6 he said1 well1 z to all t1 my op9ion is ! same z ( old4 ',!re's no?+ good or bad b ?9k+ makes x s1' ,s ,i us$ to say at college & s ,i say n[4 ,i rememb]1 ,i repli$1 t t is :at y always us$ to say2 b ,i ?\ght ,i _h refut$ y ov] & ov] aga94 ,s y may h done1 z f> z logic c refute2 b e bit ( exp]i5ce :i* ,i h _h s9ce la/ we met has confirm$ me 9 my orig9al view4 ,t1 ,i said1 is v int]e/+1 & is j :at ,i want to he> ab\t4 ,:at is x t exp]i5ce has done = y8 ,=1 z y "k1 ,i h s little ( my own1 ,i try to get all ,i c out ( o!r p's4 ,well1 he said1 ! effect ( m9e has be5 to br+ home to me1 9 a way ,i c\ld nev] realize be=e1 ! extraord9>y div]sity ( m5's ideals4 ,t1 y f9d1 is ! effect ( travel8 ,i ?9k s4 ,travell+ really does op5 ! eyes4 ,= in/ance1 until ,i w5t to ! ,ea/ ,i nev] really felt ! antagonism betwe5 ! ,ori5tal view ( life & our own4 ,n[1 x seems to me cle> t ei!r !y are mad or we are2 & ^u my ^w1 ,i don't "k :i*4 ,( c\rse1 :5 "o is "h1 "o supposes x is !y4 ,b :5 "o gets among !m & really talks to !m1 :5 "o realizes h[ pr(\nd & intellig5t is _! contempt = our civilization1 h[ wor?less !y hold our aims & activities1 h[ illusory our progress1 h[ futile our intellig5ce1 "o beg9s to wond] :e!r1 aft] all1 x is n m]ely by an effect ( habit t "o judges !m to be wrong & ourselves "r1 & :e!r !re is any?+ at all except bl9d prejudice 9 any op9ions & ideas ab\t ,"r & ,wrong4 ,9 fact1 int]pos$ ,audubon1 y agree1 l me1 ) ,sir ,ri*>d ,burton3 ',!re is no good1 !re is no bad1 ^! be ! :ims ( mortal w2 ,:at works me weal t call ,i good1 :at h>ms & hurts ,i hold z ill4 ,!y *ange ) space1 !y %ift ) race1 & 9 ! v]ie/ span ( "t1 ,ea* vice has worn a virtue's cr[n1 all good be5 bann$ z s9 or crime4' ,yes1 he ass5t$1 & t is :at is br\ght home to "o by travel4 ,?\gh really1 if "o _h p5etration en\gh1 x w\ld n be necess>y to travel to make ! discov]y4 ,a s+le c\ntry1 a s+le city1 almo/ a s+le village1 w\ld illu/rate1 to "o :o c look bel[ ! surface1 ! same tru?4 ,"u ! pr(ess$ uni=mity ( beliefs1 ev5 "h 9 ,engl&1 :at discrepancies & incongruities are conceal$6 ,e type1 e individual almo/1 is di/+ui%$ f e o!r 9 precisely ?is po9t ( ! judgm5ts he makes ab\t ,good4 ,:at does ! soldi] & adv5tur] ?9k ( ! life ( a /udi\s recluse8 or ! city man ( t ( ! arti/8 & vice v]sa8 ,beh9d ! mask ( good mann]s we all ( u g ab\t judg+ & condemn+ "o ano!r root & bran*4 ,we are 9 no real agreem5t z to ! wor? ei!r ( m5 or ?+s4 ,x is an illusion ( ! 'cant+ morali/' 7to use ,/ev5son's phrase7 t !re is any fix$ & f9al /&>d ( ,good4 ,good is j :at any "o ?9ks x to be2 & "o man has z mu* "r to 8 op9ion z ano!r4 ,b1 ,i object$1 x surely does n foll[ t because !re are diff]5t op9ions ab\t ,good1 !y are all equally valuable4 ,no4 ,i %\ld inf] r t !y are all equally wor?less4 ,t does n seem to me legitimate ei!r2 & ,i v5ture to d\bt :e!r y really believe x y\rself4 ,well1 at any rate ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ,i d4 ,9 a s5se p]haps y d2 b n 9 ! s5se :i* seems to me mo/ important4 ,i mean t :5 x comes to ! po9t1 y act1 & are practically b\nd to act1 ^u y\r op9ion ab\t :at is good1 z ?\gh y did believe x to be true4 ,h[ d y mean 'practically b\nd8' ,i mean t x is only by s act+ t y are able to introduce any ord] or sy/em into y\r life1 or 9 fact to give x to y\rself any mean+ at all4 ,)\t ! belief t :at y hold to be good really someh[ is s1 y\r life1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld resolve itself into m]e *aos4 ,i don't see t ,well1 ,i may be wrong1 b my notion is t :at sy/ematizes a life is *oice2 & *oice1 ,i believe1 means *oice ( :at we hold to be good4 ,surely n6 ,surely we may *oose :at we hold to be bad4 ,i d\bt x ,b h[ !n d y acc\nt = :at y call bad m58 ,i %\ld say !y are m5 :o *oose :at ,i ?9k bad b !y ?9k good4 ,b are !re n m5 :o delib]ately *oose :at !y ?9k bad1 l ,milton's ,satan--',evil be ?\ my ,good'8 ,yes1 b by ! v t]ms ( ! expression he 0 *oos+ :at he ?\ght good2 only he ?\ght t evil 0 good4 ,b t is a contradiction4 ,yes1 x is ! contradiction 9 :i* he 0 involv$1 & 9 :i* ,i believe ev]yone is involv$ :o *ooses1 z y say1 ! ,bad4 ,to !m x is n only bad1 x is someh[ also good4 ,does t apply to ,n]o1 = example8 ,yes1 ,i ?9k x v well might2 ! ?+s :i* he *ose1 p[] & weal? & ! pleasures ( ! s5ses1 he *ose because he ?\ght !m good2 if 8 *oice also involv$ :at he ?\ght bad1 su* z murd] & rap9e & ! l 7if he did ?9k ^! bad1 :i* ,i d\bt71 !n !re 0 a contradiction n s mu* 9 8 *oice z 9 its consequ5ces4 ,b ev5 if ,i 7 to admit t he & o!rs h *os5 & d *oose :at !y believe to be bad1 x w\ld n affect ! po9t ,i want to make4 ,= to *oose ,bad mu/ be1 9 y\r view1 z absurd z to *oose ,good2 s9ce1 ,i suppose1 y d n believe1 t our op9ions ab\t ! "o h any m validity ?an our op9ions ab\t ! o!r4 ,s t if we are to ab&on ,good z a pr9ciple ( *oice1 x is idle to say we may fall back ^u ,bad4 ,no1 ,i don't say t we may2 nor d ,i see t we mu/ ,we d n ne$ ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,y mu/ h notic$--,i am sure ,i h--t m5 d n 9 practice *oose ) any direct ref]5ce to ,good or ,bad2 !y *oose :at !y ?9k w br+ !m pleasure1 or fame1 or p[]1 or1 x may be1 b>ely a livelihood4 ,b believ+1 surely1 t ^! ?+s are good8 ,n necess>ily2 n ?9k+ at all ab\t x1 p]haps4 ,p]haps n ?9k+ ab\t x z we are n[2 b /ill1 s f> believ+ t :at !y h *os5 ,is good1 t if y 7 to g to !m & sugge/ t1 aft] all1 x is bad !y w\ld be s]i\sly angry & di/ress$4 ,b1 probably1 int]pos$ ,audubon1 l me1 !y c\ld n help !mselves4 ,we are none ( u free1 9 ! way y seem to imag9e4 ,we h to *oose ! be/ we c1 & (t5 x is bad en\gh4 ,no d\bt1 ,i repli$1 b /ill1 z y say y\rself1 :at we *oose is ! be/ we c1 t is1 ! mo/ good we c4 ,! crit]ion is ,good1 only x is v little ( x t we are able to realize4 ,no1 object$ ,ellis1 ,i am n prep>$ to admit t ! crit]ion is ,good4 ,y w f9d t m5 w frankly confess t o!r pursuits or occupations are1 9 _! op9ion1 bett] ?an ^? !y h *os51 & t ^! bett] ?+s 7 & are op5 to !mselves1 & yet !y cont9ue to devote !mselves to ! worse1 kn[+ x all ! "t to be ! worse4 ,b 9 mo/ cases1 ,i repli$1 ^! bett] ?+s1 surely1 are n really 'op5' to !m1 except s f> z ext]nal circum/ances are conc]n$4 ,!y are hamp]$ 9 _! *oice by passions & desires1 by t "p ( !m :i* does n *oose1 b is passively c>ri$ away by ali5 attractions2 & ! c\rse !y actually adopt is ! be/ !y c *oose1 ?\gh !y see a bett] :i* !y w\ld *oose if !y c\ld4 ,! *oice is always ( ,good1 b x may be div]t$ by passion to less ,good4 ,i don't "k1 he said1 t t is a fair acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,nor d ,i4 ,x is s h>d to analyse :at goes on 9 "o's own consci\sness1 mu* m :at goes on 9 o!r p's4 ,/ill1 t is ! k9d ( way ,i %\ld describe my own exp]i5ce1 & ,i %\ld expect t mo/ p :o reflect w\ld agree ) me4 ,!y w\ld say1 ,i ?9k1 t !y always *oose ! be/ !y c1 ?\gh regrett+ t !y _c *oose bett] ?an !y d2 & x w\ld seem to !m1 ,i ?9k1 absurd to sugge/ t !y *oose ,bad1 or *oose )\t any ref]5ce ei!r to ,good or ,bad4 ,well1 he said1 grant+1 = ! mom5t1 t y are "r--:at foll[s8 ,:y1 !n1 ,i said1 x foll[s t we are1 z ,i said1 'practically b\nd' to accept z valid1 = ! mom5t at lea/1 our op9ions ab\t :at is good2 = o!rwise we %\ld h no pr9ciple to *oose by1 if x be true t ! pr9ciple ( *oice is ,good4 ,v well1 he said1 !n we %\ld h to d )\t *oos+6 ,b c\ld we8 ,i don't see :y n2 _m p d4 ,b :at sort ( p8 ,i mean :at sort ( life w\ld x be8 ,ellis 0 prep>+ to answ] :5 we 7 int]rupt$ by a voice f beh9d4 ,! place 9 :i* we 7 sitt+ op5$ at ! back into "o ( ^? l>ge l(ty b>ns :i* commonly =m "p ( a ,swiss h\se2 & z ! floor ( ?is room 0 cov]$ ) /raw1 x 0 possible to approa* t way )\t mak+ mu* noise4 ,= ?is reason1 two o!rs ( our p>ty _h be5 able to jo9 u )\t our obs]v+ x4 ,_! names 7 ,p>ry & ,leslie2 ! =m] a man ( ?irty1 j gett+ into practice at ! ,b>1 ! latt] /ill almo/ a boy 9 ye>s1 ?\gh a v precoci\s "o1 :om ,i _h br\ght ) me1 o/5sibly z a pupil1 b really z a companion4 ,he 0 an eag] /ud5t ( philosophy1 & _h some?+ ( t contempt ( y\? = any "o old] ?an tw5ty-five1 :i* ,i c nev] f9d x 9 my he>t to res5t1 ?\gh h long pass$ ! age :i* qualifies me to become ! object ( x4 ,he x 0 :o 0 speak+1 9 a passionate way he _h1 :5 any?+ l a philosophic discussion 0 proce$+4 ,:y1 he 0 say+1 9 answ] to my la/ rem>k1 )\t *oice "o w\ld be a m]e slave ( passion1 a creature ( e r&om mood & impulse1 a bea/1 a ?+1 n a man at all6 ,ellis look$ r\nd r amus$4 ,well1 he said1 y fire-eat]1 & :y n8 ,i don't "k t impulse is su* a bad ?+4 ,a good impulse is bett] ?an a bad calculation any day6 ,yes1 b y d5y ! validity ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ,good & ,bad1 s x's absurd = y to talk ab\t a good impulse4 ,:at is y\r position1 ,ellis8 ask$ ,p>ry4 ,i've be5 try+ 9 va9 to make head or tail ( x ,:y %\ld ,i take a position at all8 rejo9$ ,ellis ,i prote/ aga9/ ?is bully+4 ,b y mu/ take a position1 cri$ ,leslie1 if we are to discuss4 ,i don't see :y2 y might take "o in/ead4 ,yes1 b y began4 ,well1 he conc$$1 any?+ to oblige y4 ,my position1 !n1 to g back aga9 to ! beg9n+1 is ?is4 ,see+ t !re are s _m diff]5t op9ions ab\t :at ?+s are good1 & t no crit]ion has be5 discov]$ = te/+ ^! op9ions---- ,my de> ,ellis1 int]rupt$ ,p>ry1 ,i prote/ aga9/ all t f ! v beg9n+4 ,= all practical purposes !re is a sub/antial agreem5t ab\t :at is good4 ,my de> ,p>ry1 retort$ ,ellis1 if ,i am to /ate a position1 let me /ate x )\t int]ruption4 ,consid]+1 z ,i 0 say+1 t !re are s _m diff]5t op9ions ab\t :at ?+s are good1 & t no crit]ion has be5 discov]$ = te/+ !m1 ,i hold t we h no reason to atta* any validity to ^! op9ions1 or to suppose t x is possible to h any true op9ions on ! subject at all4 ,& :at d y say to t8 ask$ ,p>ry1 turn+ to me4 ,i said1 or r ,i sugge/$1 = ! :ole matt] is v difficult to me1 t 9 spite ( ! div]g5cy ( op9ions on ! po9t1 & ! difficulty ( br++ !m into h>mony1 we are nev]!less practically b\nd1 :e!r we c ju/ify x to our reason or n1 to believe t our own op9ions ab\t :at is good h someh[ "s validity4 ,b h[ 'practically b\nd'8 ask$ ,leslie4 ,:y1 z ,i 0 try+ to get ,ellis to admit :5 y int]rupt$--& y\r int]ruption really complet$ my argum5t--,i imag9e x to be impossible = u n to make *oices2 & 9 mak+ *oices1 z ,i ?9k1 we use our ideas ab\t ,good z a pr9ciple ( *oice4 ,b y mu/ rememb]1 said ,ellis1 t ,i h nev] admitt$ ! tru? ( t la/ /atem5t4 ,b1 ,i said1 if y d n admit x g5]ally--& g5]ally1 ,i confess1 ,i d n see h[ x c\ld be prov$ or disprov$1 except by an appeal to e individual's exp]i5ce--d y n admit x 9 y\r own case8 ,d y n f9d t1 9 *oos+1 y foll[ y\r idea ( :at is good1 s f> z y c "u ! limitations ( y\r own passions & ( ext]nal circum/ances8 ,well1 he repli$1 ,i wi% to be c&id1 & ,i am ready to admit t ,i d4 ,& t y _c conceive y\rself z *oos+ o!rwise8 ,i mean t if y _h to ab&on z a pr9ciple ( *oice y\r op9ion ab\t ,good1 y w\ld h no?+ else to fall back ^u8 ,no2 ,i ?9k 9 t case ,i %\ld simply cease to *oose4 ,& c y conceive y\rself do+ t8 ,c y conceive y\rself liv+1 z p]haps _m m5 d1 at r&om & haphaz>d1 f mom5t to mom5t1 foll[+ bl9dly any impulse t may happ5 to turn up1 )\t any pr9ciple by :i* y might subord9ate "o to ! o!r8 ,no1 he said1 ,i don't ?9k ,i c4 ,t1 !n1 ,i said1 is :at ,i meant1 :5 ,i sugge/$ t y1 at any rate1 & ,i1 & o!r p l u1 are practically b\nd to believe t our op9ions ab\t :at is good h "s validity1 ev5 ?\gh we _c say :at or h[ mu*4 ,y say1 !n1 t we h to accept 9 practice :at we d5y 9 !ory8 ,yes1 if y l4 ,i say1 at lea/1 t ! consequ5ce ( ! attempt to br+ our !oretical d5ial to be> ^u our practice w\ld be to r$uce our life to a moral *aos1 by d5y+ ! only pr9ciple ( *oice :i* we f9d ourselves actually able to accept4 ,9 y\r case & m9e1 z x seems1 x is our op9ion ab\t ,good t eng5d]s ord] among our passions & desires2 & )\t x we %\ld s9k back to be m]e creatures ( bl9d impulse1 su* z p]haps 9 fact1 _m m5 really are4 ,:at6 cri$ ,audubon1 int]rupt+ 9 a tone ( half indignant prote/1 d y mean to say t x is "s idea ab\t ,good t br+s ord] into a man's life8 ,all ,i c say is t1 = my "p1 ,i nev] once ?9k1 f "o ye>'s end to ano!r1 ( any?+ s ab/ract & remote4 ,i simply g on1 day aft] day1 plodd+ ! appo9t$ r\nd1 )\t reflexion1 )\t reason1 simply because ,i h to4 ,!re's ord] 9 my life1 heav5 kn[s6 b x has no?+ to d ) ideas ab\t ,good4 ,& altoge!r1 he ejaculat$1 9 a k9d ( passion1 x's a prepo/]\s ?+ to tell me t ,i believe 9 ,good1 m]ely because ,i lead a life l a mill-horse6 ,t w\ld be an admirable reason = believ+ 9 ,bad--b ,good6 ,he laps$ aga9 into sil5ce2 & ,i 0 half unwill+ to press him fur!r1 kn[+ t he felt our dialectics to be a k9d ( insult to 8 concrete woes4 ,h[ev]1 x seem$ to be necess>y = ! sake ( ! argum5t to give "s answ]1 s ,i began3-- ,b if y don't l ! life ( a mill-horse1 :y d y lead x8 ,:y8 because ,i h to6 he repli$2 y don't suppose ,i w\ld d x if ,i c\ld help x8 ,no1 ,i said1 b :y c't y help x8 ,because1 he said1 ,i h to e>n my liv+4 ,!n is x a good ?+ to e>n y\r liv+8 ,no1 b x's a necess>y ?+4 ,necess>y1 :y8 ,because "o mu/ live4 ,!n x is a good ?+ to live8 ,no1 x's a v bad "o4 ,:y d y live1 !n8 ,because ,i c't help x4 ,b x is always possible to /op liv+4 ,no1 x isn't ,b :y n8 ,because !re are o!r p dep5d5t on me1 & ,i don't *oose to be su* a mean skunk z to run away myself & leave o!r p "h to suff]4 ,besides1 x's a sort ( po9t ( hon\r4 ,z ,i'm "h1 ,i'm go+ to play ! game4 ,all ,i say is t ! game is n wor? ! play+2 & y w nev] p]suade me into ! belief t x ,is4 ,b1 my de> ,philip1 ,i said1 !re is no ne$ = me to p]suade y1 = x is cle> t y are p]suad$ already4 ,y believe1 z y h really admitt$ 9 pr9ciple1 t x is good to live r ?an to die2 & to live1 moreov]1 a monoton\s1 labori\s life1 :i* y say y dete/ ,take away t belief1 & y\r :ole be+ is trans=m$4 ,ei!r y *ange y\r mann] ( life1 ab&on ! r\t9e :i* y hate1 break up ! ord] impos$ 7z ,i said at fir/7 by y\r idea ab\t ,good1 & give y\rself up to ! *aos ( *ance desires2 or y dep>t f life altoge!r1 on ! hypo!sis t t is ! good ?+ to d4 ,b 9 any case ! tru? appe>s to rema9 t someh[ or o!r y d believe 9 ,good2 & t x is ?is belief :i* det]m9es ! :ole c\rse ( y\r life4 ,well1 he said1 x's no use argu+ ! po9t1 b ,i am unconv9c$4 ,& he sank back to 8 cu/om>y sil5ce4 ,i ?\ght x useless to pursue ! subject ) him2 b ,ellis took up ! argum5t4 ,i agree ) ,audubon1 he said4 ,= ev5 if ,i admitt$ y\r g5]al cont5tion1 ,i %\ld /ill ma9ta9 t x is n by virtue ( any consci\s idea ( ,good t we introduce ord] into our lives4 ,we simply f9d ourselves1 z a matt] ( fact1 by nature & "*1 pref]r+ "o object to ano!r1 suppress+ or develop+ ?is or t t5d5cy4 ,our *oices are n det]m9$ by our ab/ract notion ( ,good2 on ! contr>y1 our notion ( ,good is d$uc$ f our *oices4 ,y mean1 ,i suppose1 t we collect f our p>ticul> *oices our g5]al idea ( ! k9d ( ?+s :i* we consid] good4 ,t may be4 ,b ! po9t ,i insi/ ^u is t we d atta* validity to ^! *oices2 !y are1 to u1 our *oices ( our ,good1 ^? t we approve z di/+ui%$ f ^? t we d n4 ,& my cont5tion is t1 9 spite ( all div]sity ( op9ions z to :at really are ! good ?+s to *oose1 we are b\nd to atta*1 ea* ( u1 "s validity to our own1 "u p5alty ( r$uc+ our life to a moral *aos4 ,b :at d y mean by 'validity'8 ask$ ,leslie4 ,d y mean t we mu/ believe t our op9ions are "r8 ,yes1 ,i said1 or1 at lea/1 if n t !y are "r1 t !y are ! righte/ we c atta9 to = ! "t be+1 & until we see some?+ right]4 ,b above all1 t op9ions on ?is subject really are ei!r "r or wrong1 or m "r & less "r2 & t ( ?is rightness or wrongness we really h "s k9d ( p]ception1 h[ev] difficult x may be to give an acc\nt ( x1 & t 9 accordance ) su* p]ception we may come to *ange our op9ions or ^? ( o!r p1 by ! me?ods ( discussion & p]suasion & ! l4 ,& all ?is1 z ,i und]/&1 is :at ,ellis 0 d5y+4 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,ellis1 ,i 02 & ,i /ill d n see t y h prov$ x4 ,no1 ,i said1 ,i h n ev5 tri$ to4 ,i h only tri$ to %[ t 9 spite ( y\r d5ial y really d believe x1 because a belief 9 x is impli$ 9 all y\r practical activity4 ,& t1 ,i ?\ght1 y did admit y\rself4 ,b ev5 s1 he repli$1 x rema9s to be consid]$ :e!r my !ory is n m reasonable ?an my practice4 ,p]haps1 ,i repli$2 b t1 ,i admit1 is n ! "q t really int]e/s me4 ,:at ,i want to get at is ! belief :i* und]lies ! :ole life ( p l ourselves1 & ( :i*1 x seems1 we _c practically dive/ ourselves4 ,& su* a belief1 ,i ?9k1 is ?is :i* we h be5 discuss+ z to ! validity ( our op9ions ab\t ,good4 ,i see1 he said2 9 fact y are conc]n+ y\rself n ) philosophy b ) psy*ology4 ,if y l2 x matt]s little :at y call x4 ,only1 :atev] x be1 y w d me a s]vice if = ! mom5t y w place y\rself at my /&po9t1 & see ) me h[ ?+s look f !re4 ,v well1 he said1 ,i h no objection1 & s f>1 on ! :ole1 ,i d agree ) y2 ?\gh ,i am b\nd to po9t out t y might easily f9d an oppon5t less complaisant4 ,y\r argum5t is v mu* "o ad hom9em4 ,x is1 ,i said1 & t1 ,i confess1 is ! only k9d ( argum5t 9 :i* ,i mu* believe 9 ^! matt]s4 ,i am cont5t1 = ! pres5t1 if y & ! o!rs "h g along ) me4 ,i d1 said ,p>ry1 b y seem to me to be only /at+1 9 an unnecess>ily elaborate way1 :at aft] all is a m]e matt] ( common s5se4 ,p]haps x is1 ,i repli$1 ?\gh ,i h always ?\ght myself r defici5t 9 t k9d ( s5se4 ,b :at does ,leslie say8 ,oh1 he said1 ,i c't ?9k h[ y c be cont5t ) any?+ s lame & impot5t6 ,"s me?od !re mu/ be1 absolute & priori1 by :i* we may prove = c]ta9 t ,good is1 & discov]1 z well1 :at ?+s are good4 ,well1 ,i said1 if !re be su* a me?od1 y1 if anyone1 %\ld f9d x2 & ,i wi% y f my he>t good luck 9 ! que/4 ,x is only 9 default ( any?+ bett] t ,i fall back on ?is--,i d>e n call x me?od2 ?is appeal to op9ion & belief4 ,& ev5 s1 said ,ellis1 x is little en\gh t y h %[n1 or r1 t ,i h *os5 to admit4 ,= ev5 if x 7 grant$ t individuals1 9 ord] to *oose1 mu/ believe 9 ,good1 x doesn't foll[ t !y believe 9 any?+ except ea* a ,good = himself4 ,s t1 ev5 on y\r own hypo!sis1 all we c\ld say w\ld be t !re are a numb] ( diff]5t & p]haps incompatible ,goods1 ea* good = "s p>ticul> individual1 b none necess>ily good = all4 ,i1 at lea/1 admit no m ?an t4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,i ask$1 = ,i am gett+ lo/ aga94 ,i mean1 he repli$1 some?+ t ,i %\ld h ?\ght 0 famili> en\gh4 ,grant$ t !re really is a ,good :i* ea* individual ought to *oose1 & does *oose1 if y l1 z f> z he c see x2 or grant$1 at lea/1 t he is b\nd to believe ?is1 "u p5alty ( r$uc+ 8 life to moral *aos2 /ill1 ,i see no reason to suppose t ! ?+ :i* "o individual ought to *oose is id5tical1 or ev5 compatible1 ) t :i* ano!r ought to *oose4 ,!re may be a :ole s]ies ( di/9ct & mutually exclusive moral worlds4 ,9 o!r words1 ev5 ?\gh ,i may admit a ,good = ea*1 ,i am n prep>$ to admit a ,good = all4 ,b !n1 ,i object$1 ea* ( ^! ,goods w also be a n-,good2 & t seems to be a contradiction4 ,n at all1 he repli$1 = ea* ( !m only pr(esses to be ,good = me1 & t is q compatible ) be+ ,bad = ano!r4 ,b1 cri$ ,leslie1 trembl+ ) excitem5t1 y\r :ole conception is absurd4 ,good is simply ,good2 x is n ,good = anybody or any?+2 x is ,good 9 its own nature1 "o1 simple1 immutable et]nal4 ,x may be1 repli$ ,ellis1 b ,i hope y w n actually te> me to pieces if ,i humbly confess t ,i _c see x4 ,i see no reason to admit any su* ,good2 x ev5 has no mean+ to me4 ,well1 anyh[1 no?+ else c h any mean+6 ,b1 to me1 some?+ else has a mean+4 ,well1 :at8 ,:y1 :at ,i h be5 try+1 app>5tly )\t success1 to expla94 ,b don't y see t ea* ( ^? ?+s y call ,goods1 oughtn't to be call$ ,good at all1 b ea* ( !m by "s o!r p>ticul> "n ( its own8 ,oh1 ,i don't want to qu>rel ab\t names2 b ,i call ea* ( !m ,good because f "o po9t ( view--t ( "s p>ticul> individual--ea* ( !m is some?+ t ought to be4 ,i1 at any rate1 admit no m ?an t4 ,= ea* individual !re is some?+ t ought to be2 b ?is1 :i* ought to be = him1 is v likely some?+ t ought n to be = somebody else4 ,on ?is ,leslie ?rew himself back ) a ge/ure ( disgu/ & despair2 & ,i took ! opportunity ( int]v5+4 ,let u h "s concrete in/ances1 ,i said1 ( ^! incompatible ,goods4 ,by all means1 he repli$1 no?+ c be simpl]4 ,x is good1 say1 = ,n]o1 to pres]ve supreme p[]2 b x is bad = ! p :o come 9 8 way4 ,x is good = an ,am]ican millionaire to make & increase 8 =tune2 b x is bad = ! p he ru9s 9 ! process4 ,& s on1 ad inf9itum2 "o has only to look at ! _w to see t ! ,goods ( individuals are n only div]se b incompatible "o ) ano!r4 ,( c\rse1 ,i said1 x is true t p d hold ?+s to be good :i* are 9 ?is way mutually incompatible4 ,b does n ! fact ( ?is incompatibility make "o suspect t p]haps ! ?+s 9 "q are n really good8 ,x may1 9 "s cases1 b ,i see no gr\nd = ! suspicion4 ,x may v well be t :at is good = me is 9 ! nature ( ?+s incompatible ) :at is good = y4 ,i don't say x may n be s2 b does "o believe x to be s8 ,doesn't "o believe t :at is really good = "o mu/ someh[ be compatible ) :at is really good = o!rs8 ,"s p may believe x1 b _m don't2 & x c nev] be prov$4 ,no2 & s ,i am driv5 back ^u my argum5t ad hom9em4 ,d n y1 z a matt] ( fact1 believe x8 ,no1 ,i don't "k t ,i d4 ,d y believe !n t !re is no?+ :i* is good = p 9 g5]al8 ,i don't see :at is to prev5t my believ+ x4 ,b1 at any rate y d n act z if y believ$ x4 ,9 :at way d ,i n8 ,:y1 = in/ance1 y said la/ night t y int5d$ to ent] ,p>liam5t4 ,well8 ,& 9 a few weeks y w be mak+ spee*es all ov] ! c\ntry 9 fav\r (--well1 ,i don't q "k :at--%all we say 9 fav\r ( ! w>8 ,say s1 by all means1 if y l4 ,& ?is w>1 ,i presume1 y believe to be a good ?+8 ,well8 ,good1 t is1 n m]ely = y\rself b = ! _w at l>ge8 or at lea/ = ! ,engli% or ! ,bo]s1 or "o or o!r ( !m8 ,d y admit t8 ,oh1 he said1 ,i am no?+ if n frank6 ,at pres5t1 we w admit1 ,i ?9k ! w> a good ?+ 7:atev] t may mean72 b :at ( t8 ,v probably ,i am wrong4 ,v probably y are2 b t is n ! po9t4 ,! ma9 ?+ is1 t y admit t x is possible to be wrong or "r at all2 t !re is some?+ to be wrong or "r ab\t4 ,b ,i don't "k t ,i d admit x1 or1 at any rate1 t ,i %all always admit x4 ,probably1 aft] *ang+ my op9ions aga9 & aga91 ,i %all come to ! conclusion t none ( !m are wor? any?+ at all2 t1 9 fact1 !re's no?+ to h an op9ion ab\t2 & !n ,i %all retire f politics altoge!r2 & !n--!n h[ w y get hold ( me8 ,oh1 ,i repli$1 easily en\gh6 ,= y w /ill cont9ue1 ,i suppose1 to d "s k9d ( "w1 & "w :i* w necess>ily affect innum]able p besides y\rself2 & y w believe1 ,i presume1 t someh[ or o!r ! "w y d is contribut+ to "s g5]al ,good8 ',y presume'6 y d inde$ presume6 ,suppose ,i believe no?+ ( ! k9d8 ,suppose ,i d5y altoge!r a g5]al ,good8 ,we w suppose x1 if y l1 ,i said4 ,& n[ let u g on to exam9e ! consequ5ces ( ! supposition4 ,by all means6 he said1 proce$6 ,well1 ,i began1 s9ce y are /ill liv+ 9 society1 7= t1 ,i suppose1 y all[ me to assume17 y are1 by ! nature ( ! case1 int]*ang+ ) o!rs innum]able (fices4 ,at ! same "t1 on ! supposition we are adopt+1 t y d5y a g5]al ,good1 y\r only object 9 ?is int]*ange w be y\r own ,good1 79 :i* y admit t y d believe47 ,if1 = example1 y are a doctor1 y\r aim1 at ! highe/1 is to develop y\rself1 to increase y\r k1 y\r skill1 y\r self-control2 at ! l[e/1 x is to accumulate a =tune2 b 9 nei!r case c y\r purpose be to alleviate or cure disease1 nor to contribute to ! advance ( sci5ce2 = t w\ld be to suppose t ^! ends1 al?\gh !y purport to be g5]al1 nev]!less are someh[ good1 :i* is ! hypo!sis we 7 exclud+4 ,simil>ly1 if y are a lawy]1 y w n set y\r he>t on do+ ju/ice1 or p]fect+ ! law2 su* ends z ^! = y are m]e illusions2 = ev5 if ju/ice exi/ at all1 x c]ta9ly is n a ,good1 = if x 71 x w\ld be a ,good = all1 &1 z we agree1 !re is no su* ?+4 ,m5 l ,b5?am1 !re=e1 to y w be m]e vision>ies1 & ! legal sy/em z a :ole w h no s5se or purport1 except s f> z x contributes to %>p5 y\r wits & fill y\r pocket ,& s1 9 g5]al1 ) all pr(essions & occupations2 :i*ev] y may adopt1 y w treat x m]ely z a means to y\r own ,good2 & s9ce y h no ,good :i* is also common to o!r m51 y w use ^! o!rs )\t scruple to fur!r :at y conceive to be y\r own advantage1 )\t necess>ily pay+ any reg>d to :at !y may conceive to be !irs4 ,well1 he said1 & :y n8 ,i don't ask ':y n'8 ,i repli$1 ,i ask m]ely :e!r x w\ld be s8 :e!r y d1 z a matt] ( fact1 conceive x possible t y %\ld ev] adopt su* an attitude8 ,well1 no1 he admitt$1 ,i don't ?9k x is2 b t is an idiosyncrasy ( m9e2 & ,i h no d\bt !re are pl5ty ( o!r m5 :o are precisely 9 ! position y describe4 ,take1 = example1 a man l ! late ,jay ,g\ld4 ,d y suppose t he1 9 8 bus9ess op]ations1 ev] _h any reg>d = any?+ except 8 own p]sonal advantage8 ,d y suppose he c>$ h[ _m p he ru9$8 ,d y suppose he c>$ ev5 :e!r he ru9$ 8 c\ntry1 except s f> z su* ru9 might int]f]e ) 8 own pr(it8 ,or look aga9 at ! fam\s ,mr4 ,leit] ( ,*icago6 ,:at d y suppose x matt]$ to him t he might be />v+ half ! _w1 & imp]ill+ ! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe8 ,x 0 en\gh = him t he %\ld realize a =tune2 ( all ! re/1 ,i suppose1 he wa%$ 8 h&s4 ,he & m5 l him adopt1 ,i h no d\bt1 precisely ! position :i* y are try+ to %[ is impossible4 ,no1 ,i said1 ,i am n try+ to %[ t x is impossible 9 g5]al2 ,i am only try+ to %[ t x is impossible = y4 ,& my object is to sugge/ t if a man does d5y a g5]al ,good1 he d5ies x1 z ,i say1 at 8 p]il4 ,if 8 d5ial is g5u9e1 & n m]ely v]bal1 x w lead him to conduct ( ! k9d ,i h describ$4 ,b surely1 int]rupt$ ,leslie1 y h no "r to assume t a disbelief 9 a g5]al ,good1 h[ev] g5u9e1 necess>ily involves a %e] egoism 9 conduct8 ,= a man might f9d t 8 own ,good consi/$ 9 fur!r+ ! ,good ( o!r p2 & 9 t case ( c\rse he w try to fur!r x4 ,b1 ,i repli$1 on our hypo!sis !re is no ,good ( o!r p4 ,ea* individual1 we agre$1 has 8 ,good1 b !re is no ,good common to all4 ,& ?us we c\ld h no gu>antee t 9 fur!r+ ! ,good ( "o we are also fur!r+ t ( o!rs4 ,s t ev5 suppos+ a man to believe t 8 own ,good consi/s 9 fur!r+ ! ,good ( o!rs1 yet he w n be able to put 8 belief into practice1 b at mo/ w be able to help "s "o man1 ) ! likelihood t 9 s do+ he is ?w>t+ & injur+ _m o!rs4 ,?\gh1 !re=e1 he may n wi% to be an egoi/1 yet he _c "w = a common ,good2 & t simply because !re is no common ,good to "w =4 ,at ?is po9t ,p>ry1 :o _h be5 sitt+ sil5t dur+ ! discussion1 probably because ( its some:at ab/ract "*1 sudd5ly broke 9 ^u x z foll[s4 ,he _h a great fund ( optimism & :at is sometimes call$ common s5se1 :i* to me 0 r pleasant & refre%+1 ?\gh "s ( ! o!rs1 & especially ,leslie & ,ellis1 7 apt1 ,i ?9k1 to f9d x irritat+4 ,8 pres5t spee* 0 *>act]i/ic ( 8 mann]4 ,ah6 he began1 !re y t\* ^u ! po9t :i* has vitiat$ y\r argum5t ?r\gh\t4 ,y seem to assume t because e man has 8 own ,good1 & !re is no ,good we c affirm to be common to all1 !re=e ^! individual ,goods are incompatible "o ) ano!r1 s t a man :o is int5t on 8 own ,good is necess>ily h9d]+1 or1 at lea/1 n help+1 o!r p :o are int5t on !irs4 ,b ,i believe1 & my view is borne out by all exp]i5ce1 t exactly ! opposite is ! case4 ,e man1 9 pursu+ 8 own advantage1 is also enabl+ ! re/ to pursue !irs4 ,! _w1 if y l to put x s1 is a _w ( egoi/s2 b a _w con/ruct$ ) su* exquisite art1 t ! egoism ( "o is n only compatible )1 b indisp5sable to t ( ano!r4 ,on ?is pr9ciple all society re/s4 ,! produc]1 seek+ 8 own pr(it1 is b\nd to satisfy ! consum]2 ! capitali/ _c exi/ )\t support+ ! lab\r]2 ! borr[] & l5d] are knit by ! close/ ties ( mutual advantage2 & s ) all ! ranks & divisions ( mank9d1 social1 political1 economic1 or :at y w4 ,balanc$1 "o aga9/ ! o!r1 9 delicate c\nt]poise1 9 subtle/ int]action ( "p ) "p1 !y sweep on 9 "o maje/ic sy/em1 an equilibrium = ev] di/urb$1 yet ev] recov]+ itself anew1 creat$1 x is true1 & ma9ta9$ by c\ntless individual impulses1 yet summ+ up & reflect+ all ( ^! 9 a s+le1 p]fect1 all-h>moni\s :ole4 ,& :5 we consid]---- ,b "h he 0 int]rupt$ by a k9d ( groan f ,audubon2 & ,ellis1 see+ 8 opportunity1 broke 9 ironically1 z foll[s3 ,! !me1 my de> ,p>ry1 is inde$ a va/ "o1 & sugge/s c\ntless developm5ts4 ,:51 = example1 we consid] 7to borr[ y\r own phrase7 ! reciprocal relations ( ! h\sehold] & ! ?ief1 ( ! murd]] & 8 victim1 ( ! inve/or & ! fraudul5t company-promot]2 :51 turn+ f ^! private examples1 we ca/ our eyes on int]national relations1 :5 we obs]ve ! p]fect accord ( int]e/ betwe5 all ! great p[]s 9 ! f> ,ea/2 :5 we note ! smoo? h>moni\s work+ ( t flawless political ma*9e s aptly nam$ ! ,european ,conc]t1 ea* memb] pursu+ its own advantage1 yet co-op]at+ )\t friction to a common end2 or :51 rev]t+ to ! economic sph]e1 we contemplate ! exquisite adju/m5t t prevails betwe5 ! mutual int]e/ ( lab\r & capital--an adju/m5t brok5 only n[ & aga9 by an occasional di/urbance1 j to %[ t ! c5tre ( gravity is *ang+2 :5 we obs]ve ! ,_w ,tru/ quietly1 )\t a creak or a groan1 annihilat+ ! individual produc]2 or :51 to take ! sublime example :i* has already be5 quot$1 we p]ceive a s+le individual1 9 ! pursuit ( 8 own ,good1 positively co-op]at+ ) revolutioni/s on ! o!r side ( ! globe1 & contribut+1 by ! process ( />vation1 to ! deliv]ance ( a great & oppress$ p--if inde$1 9 su* a _w z ours1 anyone c be said to be oppress$--:51 my de> ,p>ry1 we contemplate ^! ?+s1 !n--!n--words fail me6 ,f9i% ! s5t5ce z y only c4 ,oh1 said ,p>ry1 good-natur$ly en\gh1 ( c\rse ,i "k v well y c make any?+ ridicul\s if y l4 ,b ,i /ill ma9ta9 t we mu/ take broad views ( ^! matt]s1 & t ! position adopt$ is sub/antially correct1 if y take long en\gh p]iods ( "t4 ,e man 9 ! long run by pursu+ 8 own ,good does contribute also to ! ,good ( o!rs4 ,well1 ,i said1 anxi\s to keep ! argum5t to ! ma9 po9t1 let u admit = ! mom5t t x is s4 ,y ass]t1 !n1 t ev]yone's ,good is di/9ct f ev]yone else's1 & t !re is no common ,good2 b t ea* "o's pursuit ( 8 own ,good is ess5tial to ! realization ( ! ,good ( all ! re/ ,yes1 he said2 r\ghly1 t is ! k9d ( ?+ ,i believe4 ,well1 b1 ,i cont9u$1 on t sy/em !re is at lea/ "o ?+ :i* we %all h to call a common ,good4 ,& :at is t8 ,society itself6 ,= society is ! condition indisp5sable to all alike = ! realization ( any individual ,good2 & a common condition ( ,good is1 ,i suppose1 9 a s5se1 a common ,good4 ,yes1 he repli$1 ,i suppose1 9 a s5se1 x is4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i want no l>g] admission4 ,= "u 'society' :at is n includ$6 ,sanction society1 & y sanction1 or at lea/ y admit ! possibility ( a sanction = e k9d ( common activity & end2 & ! motives ( m5 9 und]tak+ ^! common activities become a matt] ( comp>ative indiff]5ce4 ,:atev] !y are consci\sly aim+ at1 :e!r x be _! own ,good1 or ! ,good ( all1 or1 z is m probable1 a v>y+ mixture ( bo?1 ! fact rema9s t !y d1 & we d1 admit a common ,good1 ! ma9t5ance & developm5t ( society itself4 ,& t is all ,i 0 conc]n$ to get y to agree to4 ,b1 said ,leslie1 d y really ?9k t !re is no common ,good except ?is1 :i* y y\rself admit to be r a condition ( ,good ?an ,good itself8 ,no1 ,i repli$1 t is n my view4 ,i d n1 myself1 reg>d society z no?+ b a condition ( ! realization ( indep5d5t1 individual ,goods4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k t ! ,good ( ea* individual consi/s 9 8 relations ) o!r individuals4 ,b ?is ,i d n "k t ,i am 9 a position to e/abli%4 ,meantime1 h[ev]1 we c1 ,i ?9k1 ma9ta91 t few c&id m51 und]/&+ ! issue1 w really d5y altoge!r a common ,good2 = !y w h to admit t 9 society we h at ! v lea/ a common condition ( ,good4 ,b /ill1 object$ ,leslie1 ev5 s we h no pro( t !re is a common ,good1 b only t mo/ civiliz$ m51 if press$1 w\ld probably admit "o4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i repli$1 & ,i pret5d no?+ m4 ,i h n attempt$ to prove t !re is a common ,good1 nor ev5 t x is impossible n to believe 9 "o4 ,i m]ely wi%$ to %[1 z be=e1 t if a man disbelieves1 he disbelieves1 s to speak1 at 8 own p]il4 ,& to sum up ! argum5t1 :at ,i ?9k we h %[n is1 t to d5y a common ,good is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to d5y to "o's life & action all wor? except :at is b\nd up ) "o's own ,good1 to ! complete exclusion ( any ,good ( all4 ,9 ! second place1 x is to d5y all wor? to e public & social in/itution--to religion1 law1 gov]nm5t1 ! family1 all activities1 9 a ^w1 :i* contribute to & make up :at we call society4 ,fur!r1 x is to empty hi/ory1 :i* is ! record ( society1 ( its ma9 int]e/ & significance1 & 9 p>ticul> to elim9ate ! idea ( progress2 = progress1 ( c\rse1 implies a common ,good t[>ds :i* progress is direct$4 ,9 brief1 x is to /rip a man ( 8 :ole social self1 & reveal him a poor1 nak$1 %iv]+ ,ego1 implicat$ 9 relations f :i* he may d]ive :at advantage he c = himself1 b :i*1 ap>t f t advantage1 h no po9t or purport or aim2 x is to make him an ,egoi/ ev5 aga9/ 8 w2 leav+ him = 8 solit>y ideal a cult ( self-developm5t1 depriv$ ( its ma9 attraction by its dissociation f ! developm5t ( o!rs4 ,n[1 if any man1 hav+ a full s5se ( :at is impli$ 9 8 words 7a s5se1 n m]ely conceiv$ by ! intellect1 b felt1 z x 71 9 e n]ve & tissue7 w s]i\sly & delib]ately d5y t he believes 9 a common ,good2 if he w n m]ely make ! d5ial ) 8 lips1 b actually c>ry x out 9 8 daily life1 adju/+ to 8 v]bal proposition 8 habitual actions1 feel+s1 & ?\ghts2 if he w & c really & g5u9ely d ?is1 !n ,i1 = my "p1 am will+ to admit t ,i _c prove him to be wrong4 ,all ,i c d is to set my exp]i5ce aga9/ 81 & to appeal to ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs2 & we mu/ wait till fur!r exp]i5ce on ei!r side leads 7if x ev] is to lead7 to an agreem5t4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if a man m]ely makes ! d5ial ) 8 lips1 because1 p]haps1 he conceives x impossible to prove ! opposite1 or because he sees t :at is good _c be def9$ beyond dispute1 or :atev] o!r plausible reason he may h2 & if1 :ile he p]si/s 9 8 d5ial1 he cont9ues to act z if ! contr>y 7 true1 tak+ "p ) ze/ & en?usiasm 9 ! common bus9ess ( life1 pu%+ causes1 support+ in/itutions1 subscrib+ to societies1 & ! l1 & t )\t any pret5ce t 9 s do+ he is seek+ m]ely 8 own ,good--9 t case ,i %all take leave to ?9k t he does n really believe :at he says 7?\gh no d\bt he may g5u9ely ?9k he does71 & ,i %all take 8 life & 8 habits1 ! :ole tissue ( 8 in/9cts & desires1 z a tru] index to 8 real op9ion ?an ! propositions he enunciates ) 8 lips4 ,b1 cri$ ,leslie1 t is a m]e appeal to prejudice6 ,( c\rse we all want to believe t !re is a common ,good2 ! "q is1 :e!r we h a "r to4 ,p]haps1 ,i repli$1 b ! "q ,i wi%$ to raise 0 ! m mode/ "o1 :e!r we c help x8 ,:e!r we h a "r or no is ano!r matt]1 m difficult & m pr(\nd ?an ,i c>e to approa* at pres5t4 ,if1 inde$1 x c\ld be prov$ beyond dispute to ! reason1 ei!r t c]ta9 ?+s are good or t !y are n1 !re w\ld be no place = su* discussions z ?is4 ,b1 x appe>s1 su* pro( has n yet be5 giv51--or d y ?9k x has8 ,no6 he said1 b ,i ?9k x might be & mu/ be6 ,possibly1 ,i said1 b meantime1 p]haps1 x is wis] to fall back on ?is k9d ( reason+ :i* y call an appeal to prejudice1--& s no d\bt 9 a s5se x is2 = x is an appeal to ! passion m5 h to f9d wor? 9 _! lives1 & _! refusal to accept any view by :i* su* wor? is d5i$4 ,to anyone :o refuses to accept any judgm5t ab\t :at is good1 ,i prove1 or endeav\r to prove1 t su* refusal cuts away ! :ole basis ( 8 life2 & ,i ask him if he is prep>$ to accept t consequ5ce4 ,if he affirms t he is1 & affirms x n only ) 8 lips b 9 8 action1 !n ,i h no m to say2 b if he _c accept ! consequ5ces1 !n1 ,i suppose1 he w reconsid] ! premisses1 & admit t he does really believe t judgm5ts ab\t :at is good may be true1 &1 provisionally1 t 8 own are true1 or at lea/ z true z he c make !m1 & t he does 9 fact accept & act ^u !m z true1 & int5ds to d s until he is conv9c$ t !y are false4 ,& ?is attitude ( 8 feel+s1 y may call1 if y l1 an attitude ( fai?2 x is1 ,i ?9k1 ! attitude mo/ m5 w\ld adopt if !y 7 press$ home ^u ! subject2 & to my m9d x is reasonable en\gh1 & r to be prais$ ?an to be condemn$4 ,i don't ?9k s at all1 cri$ ,leslie1 ,i consid] x v unsatisfactory4 ,s d ,i1 said ,p>ry1 & = my "p1 ,i c't see :at y're all driv+ at4 ,y seem to be mak+ a great fuss ab\t no?+4 ,oh no6 retort$ ,ellis1 n ab\t no?+6 ab\t a really delightful p>adox6 ,we h arriv$ at ! conclusion t we are b\nd to believe 9 ,good1 b t we hav5't ! lea/ notion :at x is6 ,exactly6 said ,p>ry1 & t is j :at ,i dispute6 ,:at8 ,t we are b\nd to believe 9 ,good8 ,no6 ,b t we don't "k :at ,good is1 or r1 :at ?+s are good4 ,oh6 ,i cri$1 d y really ?9k we d "k8 ,i wi% ,i c\ld ?9k t6 ,! tr\ble ) me is1 t :ile ,i seem to see t we are b\nd to tru/ our judgm5ts ab\t :at is good1 yet ,i _c see t we "k t !y are true4 ,inde$1 f _! v div]sity1 x seems z if !y c\ld n all be true4 ,my only hope is1 t p]haps !y d all conta9 "s tru?1 al?\gh !y may conta9 falsehood z well4 ,b surely1 said ,p>ry1 y exagg]ate ! difficulty4 ,all ! confusion seems to me to arise f ! assumption t we c't see :at lies "u our noses4 ,i don't believe1 myself1 t !re is all ?is difficulty 9 discov]+ ,good4 ,philosoph]s always assume1 z y seem to be do+1 t x is all a matt] ( op9ion & reason+1 & t op9ions & reasons really det]m9e conduct4 ,:]eas 9 fact1 ,i believe1 conduct is det]m9$1 at lea/ 9 ess5tials1 by some?+ v mu* m l in/9ct4 ,& x is to ?is in/9ct :i*1 by ! nature ( ! case1 is simple & infallible1 t we ought to look to tell u :at is good1 & n to our reason1 :i*1 z y admit y\rself1 c only l& u 9 contradictory judgm5ts4 ,i "k1 ( c\rse1 t y h a prejudice aga9/ any su* view4 ,n at all6 ,i said1 if only ,i c\ld und]/& x4 ,i %\ld be glad ( any simple & infallible crit]ion2 only ,i h nev] yet be5 able to f9d "o4 ,t1 ,i believe1 is because y look = x 9 ! wrong place2 or1 p]haps1 because y look = x in/ead ( simply see+ x4 ,y w nev] discov] :at is good by any process ( rational inquiry4 ,x's a matt] ( direct p]ception1 above & beyond all argum5t4 ,p]haps x is1 ,i said1 b surely n ( p]ception1 z y said1 simple & infallible8 ,if n t1 at lea/ suffici5tly cle> & di/9ct = all practical purposes4 ,& to my m9d1 all discussion ab\t ,good is = ?is reason r factiti\s & unreal4 ,i don't mean to say1 ( c\rse1 t x isn't amus+1 among ourselves1 to pass an h\r or two 9 ?is k9d ( talk2 b ,i %\ld ?9k x v un=tunate if ! habit ( x 7 to spread among ! mass ( m54 ,= inquiry does t5d 9 ! long run to influ5ce op9ion1 & g5]ally to influ5ce x 9 ! wrong way2 :]eas1 if p simply g on foll[+ _! in/9ct1 !y are mu* m likely to d :at is "r1 ?an if !y try to act on s-call$ rational gr\nds4 ,b1 cri$ ,leslie1 :o dur+ ?is spee* _h f\nd obvi\s difficulty 9 conta9+ himself1 :at is ?is in/9ct :i* y bid u foll[8 ,:at au?ority has x8 ,:at validity8 ,:at is its cont5t8 ,:at is x1 anyh[1 t x %\ld be set up 9 ?is way above reason8 ,z to au?ority1 repli$ ,p>ry1 ! po9t ab\t an in/9ct is1 t its au?ority is unimpea*able4 ,x comm&s & we obey2 !re's no "q ab\t x4 ,b !re is "q ab\t ! cont5t ( ,good4 ,i %\ld r say t we make "q4 ,b1 aft] all1 h[ small a "p ( our life is affect$ by our !ories6 ,z a rule1 we act simply & )\t reflection2 & su* action is ! safe/ & mo/ prosp]\s4 ,! safe/ & mo/ prosp]\s6 ,b h[ d y "k t8 ,:at /&>d are y apply+8 ,:]e d y get x f8 ,f common s5se4 ,& :at is common s5se8 ,oh1 a k9d ( in/9ct too6 ,a k9d ( in/9ct8 ,h[ _m are !re !n8 ,& does e in/9ct require ano!r to ju/ify x1 & s ad inf9itum8 ,logoma*y1 my de> ,leslie6 cri$ ,p>ry1 ) imp]turbable good-hum\r4 ,he _h a habit ( treat+ ,leslie z if he 7 a clev] *ild4 ,b really1 ,p>ry1 ,i int]pos$1 ?is is ! critical po9t4 ,is x y\r view t an in/9ct is its own suffici5t ju/ification1 or does x require ju/ification by some?+ else8 ,no1 he said1 x ju/ifies itself4 ,take1 = example1 a /rong in/9ct1 l t ( self-pres]vation4 ,h[ completely x /&s above all criticism6 ,n t x _c be criticis$ 9 a k9d ( dilettante1 ab/ract way2 b 9 ! mom5t ( action ! criticism simply disappe>s 9 face ( ! ov]:elm+ fact x *all5ges4 ,d y mean to say1 !n1 said ,leslie1 t because ?is in/9ct is s /rong !re=e x is always good to foll[ x8 ,i %\ld say s1 g5]ally speak+4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t y consid] x disgraceful t a man %\ld run away 9 battle8 ,ah6 repli$ ,p>ry1 t is a v int]e/+ po9t6 ,!re y get a sup]position ( ! social ^u ! m]ely individual in/9ct4 ,& h[ does t come ab\t8 ,t may be a matt] ( "s dispute2 b x has be5 +5i\sly expla9$ z foll[s4 ,we />t ) ! prim>y in/9ct ( self-pres]vation4 ,?is means1 at fir/1 t ea* individual /rives to pres]ve himself4 ,b z "t goes on individuals discov] t !y c only pres]ve !mselves by associat+ ) o!rs1 & t !y mu/ def5d society if !y want to def5d !mselves4 ,!y ?us =m a habit ( def5d+ society2 & ?is habit becomes 9 "t a second in/9ct1 & an in/9ct s /rong t x ev5 ov]rides ! prim>y "o f :i* x 0 d]iv$2 till at la/ y get individuals sacrific+ 9 def5ce ( ! community ^? v lives :i* !y orig9ally ent]$ ! community to pres]ve4 ,:at a *>m+ p>adox6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,& s x is really true t e soldi] :o dies on ! field ( battle does s only by virtue ( a miscalculation8 ,& if he c\ld b pull himself up & rememb] t1 aft] all1 ! pres]vation ( 8 life 0 ! only motive t induc$ him to endang] x1 he w\ld run away l a s5sible man1 & try "s o!r device to a*ieve 8 end1 ! device ( society hav+ evid5tly brok5 d[n1 s f> z he is conc]n$4 ,!re y are aga91 said ,p>ry1 ) y\r crude rationalism6 ,! po9t is t ! social habit has n[ become an in/9ct1 & has !re=e1 z ,i say1 imp]ative au?ority6 ,no op]ations ( ! reason t\* x 9 ! lea/ ,well1 rejo9$ ,ellis1 ,i mu/ say t x seems to me v h>d t a man c't rectify su* an important error4 ,! imposition is simply mon/r\s6 ,"h are a numb] ( fell[s %ut up 9 society on ! di/9ct und]/&+1 to beg9 )1 t society 0 to help !m to pres]ve _! lives2 in/ead ( :i*1 x />ves !m & hangs !m & s5ds !m to be %ot 9 battle1 & !y ar5't all[$ to raise a ^w ( prote/ or ev5 to p]ceive :at a fraud is be+ p]petrat$ ^u !m6 ,i don't see t x's h>d at all1 repli$ ,p>ry2 x seems to me a beautiful device ( nature to ensure ! pr$om9ance ( ! bett] in/9cts4 ,! bett] in/9cts6 ,i cri$1 b !re is ! po9t6 ,^! in/9cts ( y\rs1 x seems1 conflict2 9 battle1 = example1 ! in/9ct to run away conflicts ) ! in/9ct to /ay & fight8 ,no d\bt1 he admitt$4 ,& sometimes "o prevails & sometimes ! o!r8 ,yes4 ,& 9 ! "o case we say t ! man does "r1 :5 he /ays & fights2 & 9 ! o!r t he does wrong1 :5 he runs away8 ,i suppose s4 ,well1 !n1 h[ does y\r !ory ( in/9cts help u to "k :at is ,good8 ,= x seems t aft] all we h to *oose betwe5 in/9cts1 to approve "o & condemn ano!r4 ,& our problem /ill rema9s1 h[ c we d ?is8 h[ c we get any c]ta9ty ( /&>d8 ,p]haps ! faculty t judges is itself an in/9ct8 ,p]haps x is1 ,i repli$1 ,i don't really "k :at an in/9ct is4 ,my qu>rel is n ) ! ^w in/9ct1 b ) :at seem$ to be y\r assumption t :atev] x is 9 u t judges ab\t ,good judges 9 a s+le1 uni=m1 infallible way4 ,:]eas1 9 fact1 z y _h to admit1 sometimes at ! same mom5t x pron\nces judgm5ts n only div]se b contradictory4 ,b1 he repli$1 ^? seem to me to be exceptional cases4 ,z a rule ! difficulty doesn't occur4 ,:5 x does1 ,i admit t we require a crit]ion4 ,b ,i %\ld expect to f9d x 9 sci5ce r ?an 9 philosophy4 ,9 sci5ce6 exclaim$ ,leslie4 ,:at has sci5ce to d ) x8 ,:at has n sci5ce to d )8 said a new voice f beh9d4 ,x 0 ,wilson :o1 9 8 turn1 _h jo9$ u f ! breakfa/ room 7he always breakfa/$ late71 & _h ov]he>d ! la/ rem>k4 ,he 0 a lectur] 9 ,biology at ,cambridge1 r di/+ui%$ 9 t field1 & an en?usia/ic believ] 9 ! capacity ( ! sci5tific me?od to solve all problems4 ,i 0 say+1 ,leslie repeat$ 9 answ] to 8 "q1 t sci5ce has no?+ to d ) ! ,good4 ,s mu* ! worse = ! ,good1 rejo9$ ,wilson1 if inde$ t be true4 ,b y1 ,i suppose1 w\ld nev] admit t x is1 ,i int]pos$4 ,i 0 anxi\s to he> :at he _h to say1 ?\gh at ! same "t ,i 0 desir\s to avoid a discussion betwe5 him & ,leslie1 = _! types ( m9d & habits ( ?\ght 7 s radically oppos$ t x 0 z idle = !m to engage 9 debate z = two bi%ops ( opposite col\r to attempt to capture "o ano!r ^u a *essbo>d4 ,he answ]$ readily en\gh to my *all5ge4 ,i ?9k1 he said1 t !re is only "o me?od ( k1 & t is ! me?od we call sci5tific4 ,b d y ?9k !re is any k ( ,good at all1 ev5 by t me?od8 or t !re is no?+ b errone\s op9ions8 ,i ?9k1 he repli$1 t !re is a possibility ( k1 b only if we abjure dialectics4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e1 ! only safe guide is ! actual concrete op]ation ( ,nature4 ,h[ d y mean8 ask$ ,leslie1 8 voice vibrat+ ) lat5t ho/ility4 ,i mean t ! real significance ( :at we call ,good is only to be asc]ta9$ by obs]v+ ! c\rse ( ,nature2 ,good be+ 9 fact id5tical ) ! condition t[>ds :i* %e t5ds1 & morality ! means to atta9+ x4 ,b---- ,leslie 0 beg9n+1 :5 ,p>ry cut him %ort4 ,wait a mom5t6 he said4 ,let ,wilson h a fair he>+6 ,?is end & ?is means1 cont9u$ ,wilson1 we c only asc]ta9 by a /udy ( ! facts ( animal & human evolution4 ,biology & ,sociology1 ?r[+ light back & =w>d ^u "o ano!r1 are rapidly sup]s$+ ! pseudo-sci5ce ( ,e?ics4 ,oh de>6 cri$ ,ellis1 sotto-voce1 "h comes ! social organism6 ,i knew x w\ld be ^u u soon] or lat]4 ,& ?\gh at pres5t1 ,i admit1 proce$$ ,wilson1 n he>+1 or ignor+1 ?is int]ruption1 we are h>dly 9 a position to draw any c]ta9 conclusions1 yet to me1 at lea/1 x seems pretty cle> :at k9d ( results we %all arrive at4 ,yes6 cri$ ,p>ry1 eag]ly1 & :at are !y8 ,well1 repli$ ,wilson1 ,i w indicate1 if y l1 ! position ,i am incl9$ to take up1 ?\gh ( c\rse x mu/ be reg>d$ z provisional4 ,( c\rse6 ,pray g on6 ,well1 he proce$$1 biology1 z y "k1 />ts ) ! s+le cell---- ,h[ d y spell x8 said ,ellis1 ) %ameless frivolity1 ) a ,c or ) an ,s8 ,( ^! cells1 cont9u$ ,wilson1 imp]turbably1 e animal body is a comp\nd or aggregation2 ! aggregation involv+ a progressive modification 9 ! /ructure ( ea* cell1 ! diff]5tiation ( gr\ps ( cells to p]=m special functions1--dige/ive1 respiratory1 & ! re/1--& ! subord9ation ( ea* cell or gr\p ( cells to ! :ole4 ,simil>ly1 9 sociology---- ,de> ,wilson1 cri$ ,ellis1 unable any long] to conta9 himself1 mightn't we take all ?is = grant$8 ,wait a m9ute1 ,i said1 let him f9i% 8 analogy4 ,t's j x6 cri$ ,leslie1 x's no?+ b an analogy4 ,& ,i don't see h[---- ,hu%1 hu%6 said ,p>ry4 ,d let him speak6 ,i 0 ab\t to say1 cont9u$ ,wilson1 :5 ,i 0 int]rupt$1 t 9 ! social organism---- ,ah6 int]ject$ ,ellis1 "h x is6 ,9 ! social organism1 ! individual corresponds to ! cell1 ! v>i\s trades & pr(essions to ! organs4 ,society has ?us its alim5t>y sy/em1 9 ! app>atus ( production & ex*ange2 its circulatory sy/em1 9 ! network ( communications2 its n]v\s sy/em1 9 ! gov]nm5t ma*9]y2 its---- ,by ! bye1 int]rupt$ ,ellis1 c\ld y tell me1 = ,i nev] c\ld f9d x 9 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 :at exactly 9 society corresponds to ! sple58 ,or ! liv]8 add$ ,leslie4 ,or ! v]mi=m app5dix8 ,ellis pursu$4 ,oh1 well1 said ,wilson1 a little huff$ at la/1 if y are tir$ ( be+ s]i\s x's no use = me to cont9ue4 ,i'm sorry1 ,wilson6 said ,ellis4 ,i won't d x aga92 b "o does get a little tir$ ( ! social organism4 ,m p talk ab\t x1 answ]$ ,wilson1 ?an really und]/& x4 ,v true1 retort$ ,ellis1 especially among biologi/s4 ,at ?is po9t ,i began to fe> we %\ld lose our subject 9 polemics2 s ,i v5tur$ to recall ,wilson to ! real issue4 ,suppos+1 ,i said1 t we grant ! :ole ( y\r position1 h[ does x help u to judge :at is good8 ,:y1 he said1 9 ?is way4 ,:at we le>n f biology is1 t x is ! con/ant ef=t ( nature to comb9e cells into individuals & individuals into societies--! protozoon1 9 o!r words1 evolves into ! animal1 ! animal into :at "s h call$ ! 'hyp]-zoon1' or sup]-organism4 ,well1 n[1 to ?is physical evolution corresponds a psy*ical "o4 ,:at k9d ( consci\sness an animal may h1 we c inde$ only conjecture2 & we _c ev5 g s f> z conjecture 9 ! case ( ! cell2 b we may reasonably assume t important psy*ical *anges ( ! orig9al elem5ts are accompanim5ts & conditions ( _! aggregation into l>g] entities2 & ! morality 7if y w p]mit ! ^w7 ( ! cell t is incorporat$ 9 an animal body w consi/ 9 adapt+ itself z p]fectly z may be to ! new conditions1 9 subord9at+ its consci\sness to t ( ! ,:ole--briefly1 9 acquir+ a social in/ead ( an individual self4 ,& n[1 to foll[ ! clue ?us obta9$ into ! high] manife/ations ( life4 ,z ! cell is to ! animal1 s is ! individual to society1 & t on ! psy*ical z well z on ! physical side4 ,nature has p]fect$ ! animal2 %e is p]fect+ society2 t is ! end & goal ( all h] /riv+4 ,:51 !re=e1 y raise ! "q1 :at is ,good1 biology has ?is simple answ] to give y3 ,good is ! p]fect social s\l 9 ! p]fect social body4 ,z he conclud$1 ,ellis exclaim$ s(tly1',p>turiunt montes1' & ,leslie took x up )3 ,& n ev5 a m\se6 ,:e!r x is a m\se or no1 ,i said1 x w\ld be h>d to say1 until we _h exam9$ x m closely4 ,at pres5t x seems to me m l a cl\d1 :i* may or may n conceal ! goddess ,tru?4 ,b ! "q ,i really want to ask is1 ,:at p>ticul> advantage ,wilson gets f ! biological me?od8 ,= ! conclusion itself1 ,i suppose1 might h be5 rea*$1 & commonly is1 )\t any rec\rse to ! aid ( natural sci5ce4 ,no d\bt1 he said1 b my cont5tion is1 t x is only by ! sci5tific me?od t y get pro(4 ,y1 = example1 may ass]t t y believe ! social virtues ought to prevail ov] individual passions2 b if y\r position 7 *all5g$1 ,i don't see h[ y w\ld def5d x4 ,:]eas ,i c simply po9t to ! :ole evolution ( ,nature z t5d+ t[>ds ! ,good ,i advocate2 & c say3--if y resi/ t t5d5cy y are resi/+ ,nature h]self6 ,b isn't x r odd1 said ,ellis1 t we %\ld be able to resi/ ,nature8 ,n at all1 he repli$1 = our v resi/ance is "p ( ! plan2 x's ! l[] /age p]si/+ into ! high]1 b de/9$ soon] or lat] to be absorb$4 ,i see1 ,i said1 & ! keynote ( y\r position is1 z y said at ! beg9n+1 t ,good is simply :at ,nature wants4 ,s t1 in/ead ( look+ )9 to f9d our crit]ion1 we ought really to look )\t1 to discov]1 if we c1 ! t5d5cy ( ,nature & to acquiesce 9 t z ! goal ( our aspiration4 ,precisely1 he repli$1 t is ! position4 ,well1 ,i said1 x is plausible en\gh2 b ! plausibility1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 comes f ! fact t y h be5 able to make out1 m or less1 t ! t5d5cy ( ,nature is 9 ! direction :i*1 on ! :ole1 we pref]4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,well1 ,i said1 suppos+ y\r biological rese>*es _h l$ y to j ! opposite conclusion1 t ! t5d5cy ( ,nature 0 n f ! cell to ! animal1 & f ! individual to society1 b 9 precisely ! rev]se direction1 s t ! end ( all ?+s 0 a resolution into ! primitive elem5ts--d y ?9k y w\ld h be5 z ready to ass]t t x is ! goal ( ,nature t mu/ det]m9e our ideal ( ,good8 ,b :y consid] su* a hypo!tical case8 ,i am n s sure1 ,i repli$1 t x is m hypo!tical ?an ! o!r4 ,at any rate x is a hypo!sis adopt$ by "o ( y\r au?orities4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 y w rememb]1 conceives ! process ( ,nature to be "o1 n1 z y appe> to ?9k1 ( cont9u\s progress1 b r ( a circul> movem5t1 f ! utmo/ simplicity to ! utmo/ complexity ( ,be+1 & back aga9 to ! orig9al condition4 ,:at y 7 describ+ is ! movem5t :i* we call upw>d1 & :i* we c readily en\gh believe to be good1 at any rate ^u a sup]ficial view ( x4 ,b n[1 suppose u to h rea*$ ! po9t at :i* ! opposite movem5t beg9s2 suppose :at we _h to look =w>d to & to describe z ! c\rse ( ,nature 7 a process1 n f simple to complex1 f homog5e\s to het]og5e\s1 or :atev] ! =mula may be1 b "o 9 exactly ! contr>y direction1 a dissolution ( society into its individuals1 ( animals into ! cells ( :i* !y are compos$1 ( life into *emi/ry1 ( *emi/ry into me*anism1 & s on ?r\gh ! scale ( ,be+1 rev]s+ ! :ole c\rse ( evolution--%\ld we1 9 su* a case1 /ill h to say t ! process ( ,nature 0 "r1 & t %e is to give ! law to our judgm5t ab\t ,good8 ,yes1 he repli$1 ,i ?9k we %\ld2 & = ?is reason4 ,only ^? :o d on ! :ole approve ! c\rse ( ,nature h ! qualities enabl+ !m to survive2 ! o!rs w1 9 ! long run1 be elim9at$4 ,!re is ?us a con/ant t5d5cy to h>monize op9ions ) ! actual process ( ! _w2 & t1 no d\bt1 is :y we approve :at y call ! upw>d movem5t1 :i* is ! "o 9 :i* ,nature is at pres5t engag$4 ,b1 = ! same reason1 if1 or :51 a movem5t 9 ! opposite direction %\ld set 91 p hold+ op9ions l ours w t5d to be elim9at$1 :ile ^? w t5d to survive m & m :o approve ! curr5t ( evolution !n prevail+4 ,& 9 ?is way1 said ,ellis1 an exquisite unanimity w be at la/ atta9$1 by ! simple process ( elim9at+ ! diss5ti5ts6 ,precisely6 ,well1 cri$ ,leslie1 no d\bt t w be v satisfactory = ! p :o survive2 b x does n help u mu*4 ,:at we want to "k is1 :at we are to judge to be ,good1 n :at somebody else w be made to judge1 c5turies h5ce4 ,& = my "p1 said ,ellis1 ,i'm n mu* impress$ by ! argum5t y attribute to ,nature1 t if we don't agree ) h] we %all be knock$ on ! head4 ,i1 = in/ance1 happ5 to object /rongly to h] :ole proc$ure3 ,i don't mu* believe 9 ! h>mony ( ! f9al consummation--ev5 if x 7 to be f9al1 & n m]ely ! turn ( ! tide2 & ,i am s5sibly aw>e ( ! horrible discom=t ( ! int]m$iate /ages1 ! pu%+1 kick+1 trampl+ ( ! ho/1 & ! w\nd$ & dead left beh9d on ! m>*4 ,( all ?is ,i v5ture to disapprove2 !n comes ,nature & says1 'b y ought to approve6' ,i ask :y1 & %e says1 ',because ! proc$ure is m9e4' ,i /ill demur1 & %e comes d[n on me ) a ?reat--',v good1 approve or no1 z y l2 b if y don't approve y w be elim9at$6' ',by all means1' ,i say1 & cl+ to my old op9ion ) ! m affection t ,i feel myself inve/$ ) some?+ ( ! glory ( a m>tyr4 ,nature1 x seems1 is wait+ = me r\nd ! corn] because ,i v5ture to /ick to my pr9ciples4 ',ruat caelum6' ,i cry2 & 9 my humble op9ion x's ,nature1 n ,i1 t cuts a poor figure6 ,my de> ,ellis1 prote/$ ,wilson1 :at's ! use ( talk+ l t8 ,x's n really sublime1 x's only ridicul\s6 ,c]ta9ly6 retort$ ,ellis2 x's y :o are sublime4 ,i pref] ! ridicul\s4 ,s1 ,i said1 does ,wilson1 if "o may judge by appe>ances4 ,= ,i _c help ?9k+ he is really laugh+ at u4 ,n at all1 he repli$1 ,i am p]fectly s]i\s4 ,b surely1 ,i said1 y mu/ see t any discussion ab\t ,good mu/ turn someh[ ^u our p]ception ( x8 ,! c\rse ( ,nature may1 z y say1 be good2 b ,nature _c be ! measure ( ,good2 ! measure c only be ,good itself2 & ! mo/ t ! /udy ( ,nature c\ld d w\ld be to illum9ate our p]ception by giv+ x new mat]ial = judgm5t4 ,judge we mu/1 9 ! la/ resort2 & ! judgm5t c nev] be a m]e /atem5t z to ! c\rse :i* ,nature is pursu+4 ,well1 said ,wilson1 b y w admit at lea/ ! p>am\nt importance ( ! /udy ( ,nature1 if we are ev] to =m a "r judgm5t8 ,i feel mu* m /rongly1 ,i repli$1 ! importance ( ! /udy ( ,man2 h[ev]1 we ne$ n at pres5t discuss t4 ,all t ,i want$ to insi/ ^u 01 t ! cont5tion :i* y h be5 try+ to su/a91 t x is possible1 someh[ or o!r1 to get rid ( ! subjectivity ( our judgm5ts ab\t ,good by sub/itut+ = !m a /atem5t ab\t ! t5d5cies ( ,nature--t ?is cont5tion _c be upheld4 ,if t be s1 he said1 ,i don't see h[ y are ev] to get a sci5tific basis = y\r judgm5t4 ,i don't "k1 ,i repli$1 t we c4 ,x dep5ds ^u :at y include "u sci5ce4 ,oh1 he said1 by sci5ce ,i mean ! resumption 9 brief =mul ( ! sequ5ce ( ph5om5a2 or1 m briefly1 a description ( :at happ5s4 ,if t be s1 ,i repli$1 ! me?od ( judg+ ab\t ,good c c]ta9ly n be sci5tific2 = judgm5ts ab\t ,good are judgm5ts ( :at ought to be1 n ( :at is4 ,b !n1 object$ ,wilson1 :at me?od is left y8 ,y h no?+ to fall back ^u b a *aos ( op9ions4 ,b might !re n be "s way ( judg+ betwe5 op9ions8 ,h[ %\ld !re be1 9 ! abs5ce ( any ext]nal objective te/8 ,:at d y mean by t8 ,:y1 he repli$1 ! k9d ( te/ :i* y h 9 ! case ( ! sci5ces4 ,!y dep5d1 9 ! la/ resort1 n on ideas ( ours1 b on ! r\t9e ( common s5se-p]ception2 a r\t9e :i* is indep5d5t ( our *oice or w1 b is =c$ ^u u f )\t ) an absolute au?ority su* z no imag9+s ( our own c impugn4 ,?us we get a c]ta9ty ^u :i*1 by ! p[] ( inf]5ce1 ^: me*anism we ne$ n n[ discuss1 we are able to build up a k ( :at is4 ,b :51 on ! o!r h&1 we turn to su* ( our ideas z deal ) ! ,good1 ! ,beautiful1 & ! l--"h we h no te/ ext]nal to ourselves1 no au?ority sup]ior & indep5d5t4 ,invite a gr\p ( m5 to witness a sci5tific exp]im5t1 & none ( !m w be able to d5y ei!r ! sequ5ce ( ! ph5om5a produc$1 or ! *a9 ( reason+ 7suppos+ x to be s\nd7 :i* leads to ! conclusion bas$ ^u !m4 ,invite ! same m5 to judge ( a picture1 or consult !m on a "q ( moral casui/ry1 & !y w prop\nd ! mo/ opposite op9ions2 nor w !re be any objective te/ by :i* y c affirm t "o op9ion is m correct ?an ano!r4 ,! deliv]ances ( ! ext]nal s5se are1 or at lea/ c be made1 by correction ( ! p]sonal equation1 infallible & ! same = all2 ^? ( ! int]nal s5se are diff]5t n only 9 diff]5t p]sons1 b 9 ! same p]son at diff]5t times4 ,yes1 said ,leslie1 impati5tly1 we h all admitt$ t6 ,! "q is :e!r-- ,excuse me1 ,wilson int]pos$1 ,i hav5't yet come to my ma9 po9t4 ,i 0 go+ to say t n m]ely are !re ^! diff]5ces ( op9ion1 b ev5 if !re 7 n1 ev5 if ! op9ions 7 uni=m1 !y w\ld /ill1 z op9ions1 be subjective & devoid ( sci5tific validity4 ,x is ! ext]nal ref]5ce t gives its c]ta9ty to sci5ce2 & su* a ref]5ce is impossible 9 ! case ( judgm5ts ab\t ! ,beautiful & ! ,good4 ,su* judgm5ts are m]ely records ( :at we ?9k or feel4 ,^! ideas ( ours may or may n happ5 to be consi/5t "o ) ano!r2 b :e!r !y are s or n1 !y are m]ely our ideas1 & h no?+ to d ) ! ess5tial nature ( reality4 ,i am n sure1 ,i repli$1 t ! di/9ction really holds 9 ! way 9 :i* y put x4 ,let u take = a mom5t ! po9t ( view ( ,god--only = ! sake ( argum5t1 ,i add$1 see+ him ab\t to prote/4 ,god1 we w suppose1 kn[s all ,be+ ?r\gh & ?r\gh z x really is2 & along ) ?is k ( reality he has a conviction t reality is good4 ,n[1 ) ?is conviction ( 8 none o!r1 ex hypo!si1 c compete2 = he be+ ,god1 we mu/ at any rate admit t if anybody c be "r1 x mu/ be he4 ,no "o !n c dispute or %ake 8 op9ion2 & s9ce he is et]nal he w n *ange x ( himself4 ,is !re !n1 "u ! circum/ances1 any di/9ction ( validity betwe5 8 judgm5t t :at is1 is1 & 8 judgm5t t :at is1 is good8 ,i don't see ! use1 he repli$1 ( consid]+ su* an imag9>y case4 ,b if y press me ,i c only say t ,i /ill adh]e to my view t any judgm5t ab\t ,good1 :e!r made by ,god or anybody else1 c be no m ?an a subjective expression ( op9ion4 ,b1 ,i rejo9$1 9 a s5se1 all c]ta9ty is subjective1 9 s f> z ! c]ta9ty has to be p]ceiv$4 ,x is impossible to elim9ate ! ,subject4 ,9 ! case1 = example1 ^u :i* y dwelt1 ( ! impressions ( ext]nal s5se1 ! c]ta9ty ( ! impressions is y\r & my c]ta9ty t we h !m2 & s 9 ! case ( a cog5t argum5t2 = any giv5 p]son ! te/ ( ! cog5cy is 8 p]ception t ! cog5cy is !re4 ,& x is ! same ) ! ,beautiful & ! ,good2 !re is no conceivable te/ except p]ception4 ,our difficulty "h is simply t p]ceptions conflict2 n t we h no indep5d5t te/4 ,b if1 z 9 ! case ,i imag9$1 ! p]ception ( ,good 0 h>moni\s ) itself1 !n ! c]ta9ty on t po9t w\ld be z f9al & complete z ! c]ta9ty 9 ! pro( ( a proposition ( ,euclid4 ,i am afraid1 said ,wilson1 ,i don't foll[ y4 ,y're beg9n+ to talk metaphysics4 ,call x :at y w1 ,i repli$1 s long only z x is s5se4 ,no d\bt1 he said1 b ,i don't feel sure t x is4 ,9 t case y c %[ me :]e ,i am wrong4 ,no1 he repli$1 =1 z ,i said1 ,i c't foll[ y4 ,he means he won't1 said ,ellis1 break+ 9 ) 8 usual air ( an unprejudic$ outsid]1 ,b aft] all1 :at does x really matt]8 ,:atev] ! reason may be = our unc]ta9ty z to ,good1 ! fact rema9s t we are unc]ta94 ,!re's my ,good1 ?y ,good1 8 ,good1 our ,good1 y\r ,good1 _! ,good2 & all ^! ,goods 9 process ( flux1 accord+ to ! "t ( day1 ! "t ( life1 & ! /ate ( ! liv]4 ,t be+ s1 :at is ! use ( discuss+ ,good 9 itself8 ,& :y be s di/urb$ ab\t x8 ,!re's ,leslie1 = in/ance1 look+ z if ! bottom 7 knock$ out ( ! univ]se because he c't discov] 8 objective /&>d6 ,my de> boy1 life goes on j ! same1 my life1 8 life1 y\r life1 all ! lives4 ,:y n make an end ( ! worry at once by admitt+ frankly t ,good is a *imra1 & t we get on v well )\t x8 ,b ,i don't get on well )\t x6 ,leslie prote/$4 ,no1 ,i said1 & ,i hop$ t by ?is "t we 7 agre$ t none ( u c\ld4 ,b ,ellis is incorrigible4 ,y don't suppose1 he repli$1 t ,i am go+ to agree ) y m]ely because y ov]ride me 9 argum5t--ev5 if y did1 :i* y don't4 ,b at lea/1 cri$ ,leslie1 y ne$n't tell u s (t5 t y disagree4 ,v well1 he said1 ,i am dumb4 ,& = a mom5t !re 0 sil5ce1 till ,i began to fe> t our argum5t w\ld collapse2 :51 to my relief1 ,p>ry return$ to ! *>ge4 ,y w ?9k me1 he began1 z ob/9ate z ,ellis2 b ,i c't help com+ back to my old po9t ( view4 ,someh[ or o!r1 ,i feel sure y are mak+ a difficulty :i* ! practical man does n really feel4 ,y object to my say+ t he kn[s :at is good by in/9ct2 b someh[ or o!r ,i am sure t he does "k x4 ,& :at ,i sugge/ n[ is1 t he f9ds x writt5 9 exp]i5ce4 ,9 ^: exp]i5ce8 ,leslie ask$ defiantly4 ,9 t ( ! race1 or1 at lea/1 9 t ( 8 own age & c\ntry4 ,n[1 d be pati5t a mom5t1 & let me expla96 ,:at ,i want to sugge/ is1 t e civilization wor? ! "n possesses1 9 its laws & in/itutions1 9 ! cu/oms x bl9dly foll[s1 ! moral code x in/9ctively obeys1 an actual objective /&>d1 work$ out 9 m9ute detail1 ( :at1 9 e dep>tm5t ( life1 really is good4 ,to ?is /&>d e pla9 man1 )\t reason+1 & ev5 )\t reflexion1 does 9 fact simply & naturally con=m2 s d all ( u :o are discuss+ "h1 9 all ! common affairs ( our daily life4 ,we "k1 if ,i may say s1 bett] ?an we "k2 & ! difficulties into :i* we are driv51 9 speculations su* z t ^u :i* we are engag$1 arise1 to my m9d1 f a false & unnecess>y ab/raction--f putt+ aside all ! ri* cont5t ( actual life1 & call+ into ! wild]ness = ! answ] to a "q :i* solves itself 9 ! /reet & ! m>ket-place4 ,well1 ,i said1 = my own "p1 ,i am a good deal 9 sympa?y ) :at y say4 ,at ! same "t !re is a difficulty4 ,a difficulty6 cri$ ,leslie1 !re are hundr$s & ?\s&s6 ,p]haps1 ,i repli$1 b ! p>ticul> "o to :i* ,i 0 ref]r+ is ?is4 ,e civilization1 no d\bt1 has its own /&>d ( ,good2 b ^! /&>ds are diff]5t & ev5 opposite2 s t x w\ld seem we require "s crit]ion by :i* to comp>e & judge !m4 ,no1 cri$ ,p>ry1 t is j :at ,i prote/ aga9/4 ,we are n conc]n$ ) o!r ideals ?an our own4 ,e great civilization believes 9 itself4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! anci5t ,greeks1 ( :om y are s fond ( talk+4 ,9 my op9ion !y are absurdly ov]-e/imat$2 b !y _h at lea/ t good quality--!y believ$ 9 !mselves4 ,to !m ! :ole non-,greek _w 0 b>b>ian2 ! /&>d ( ,good 0 frankly _! own /&>d2 & x 0 a /&>d kn[able & kn[n1 h[ev] wide might be ! deviations f x 9 practice4 ,we f9d accord+ly t = !m ! ideal 0 root$ 9 ! real4 ,plato1 ev51 9 con/ruct+ 8 imag9>y republic1 does n build 9 ! void1 evok+ f 8 own consci\sness a ,cl\d-,cuckoo-city = ! ,birds2 on ! contr>y1 he bases 8 /ructure ^u ! actual1 foll[+ ! g5]al plan ( ! in/itutions ( ,sp>ta & ,crete2 & nei!r to him nor to ,ari/otle does x ev] occur t !re is1 or c\ld be1 any =m ( /ate wor? consid]+1 except ! city-/ate ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,x is ! same ) _! treatm5t ( e?ics2 _! ideal is t ( ! ,greeks1 n ( ,man 9 g5]al1 & /&s 9 close relation to ! facts ( contempor>y life4 ,s1 too1 ) _! art2 x is n1 l t ( our mod]n romantici/s1 an impot5t ye>n+ = vaguely-imag9$ mill5niums4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is an ideal int]pretation ( _! own activity1 a mirror focuss+ into feature & =m ! v same fact :i* !y saw di/ort$ & blurr$ 9 ! tr\bl$ /ream ( "t4 ,! ,good1 9 ! ,greek _w1 0 simply ! ess5ce & s\l ( ! ,real2 & ! ,socrates ( ,x5ophon :o frankly id5tifi$ ju/ice ) ! laws1 0 only express+1 & h>dly ) exagg]ation1 ! curr5t convictions ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,t1 to my m9d1 is ! attitude ( heal?2 & x is ! "o natural to ! pla9 man 9 e well-organiz$ society4 ,good is be/ kn[n :5 x is n inve/igat$2 & p l ourselves w\ld d no useful s]vice if we 7 to induce 9 o!rs ! habit ( discussion :i* education has made a second nature to ourselves4 ,my de> ,p>ry6 cri$ ,ellis1 y al>m me6 ,is x possible t we are all an>*i/s 9 disguise8 ,p>ry1 ,i obs]v$1 seems to agree ) ! view attribut$ by ,br[n+ to ,p>acelsus1 t ?\ght is disease1 & natural heal? is ignorance4 ,well1 rejo9$ ,ellis1 !re is a good deal to be said = t4 ,!re's a good deal to be said = ev]y?+1 ,i rejo9$4 ,b if ?\ght inde$ be disease1 we mu/ recognise ! fact t we are suff]+ f x2 & s1 ,i fe>1 is ! :ole mod]n _w4 ,x 0 easy = ! ,greeks to be 'heal?y'2 practically !y _h no pa/4 ,b = u ! pa/ ov]weights ! pres5t2 we _c1 if we w\ld1 get rid ( ! burd5 ( x4 ,all t 0 once absolute has become relative1 includ+ our own conceptions & ideals2 & z we look back d[n ! ages & see civilization aft] civilization come into be+1 fl\ri% & decay1 x is impossible = u to believe t ! society 9 :i* we happ5 to be born is m ultimate ?an any ( ^!1 or t its ideal1 z reflect$ 9 its in/itutions1 has any m claim ?an !irs to be reg>d$ z a f9al & absolute expression ( ,good4 ,well1 said ,p>ry1 let u admit1 if y l1 t ideals evolve1 b1 9 any case1 ! ideal ( our own "t has m validity = u ?an any o!r4 ,z to ^? ( ! pa/1 !y 71 no d\bt1 important 9 _! day1 b !y h no importance = ! mod]n _w4 ,! v fact t !y are pa/ is pro( t !y are also sup]s$$4 ,:at6 cri$ ,leslie1 indignantly1 d y mean to say t ev]y?+ t is lat] 9 "t is also bett]8 ,t we are bett] arti/s ?an ! ,greeks8 bett] citiz5s ?an ! ,romans8 m spiritual ?an ! m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages8 m vigor\s ?an ^? ( ! ,r5aissance8 ,i don't "k1 repli$ ,p>ry1 t ,i am b\nd to ma9ta9 all t4 ,i only say t on ! :ole ,i believe t ideals progress2 & t !re=e x is ! ideals ( our own "t1 & t alone1 :i* we ought practically to consid]4 ,! ideal ( our own "t8 ,i said1 b :i* ( !m8 !re are s _m4 ,no1 !re is really only "o1 z ,i said be=e2 ! "o t is embodi$ 9 curr5t laws & cu/oms4 ,b ^! are always !mselves 9 process ( *ange4 ,yes1 gradual *ange4 ,n necess>ily gradual2 & ev5 if x 71 /ill *ange4 ,& to sanction a *ange1 h[ev] slight1 may always mean1 9 ! end1 ! sanction+ ( a :ole revolution4 ,besides1 cri$ ,leslie1 ev5 if !re 7 any?+ f9ally e/abli%$1 :at "r h we to judge t ! e/abli%$ is ! ,good8 ,i don't "k t we h any "r2 b ,i am sure x is :at we d4 ,p]haps we d1 _m ( u1 ,i said1 b always1 s f> z we reflect1 ) a lurk+ s5se t we may be all wrong4 ,or h[ else d y acc\nt = ! curi\s1 almo/ physical1 s9k+ & disquiet we are apt to exp]i5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( a bold d5i]8 ,i don't "k t ,i d exp]i5ce x4 ,d y n8 ,i d s (t52 & only ye/]day ,i _h a specially vivid exp]i5ce ( ! k9d4 ,:at 0 t8 ,well1 ,i 0 read+ ,nietzs*e4 ,:o is he8 ,a ,g]man writ]4 ,x does n mu* matt]1 b ,i _h him 9 my m9d :5 ,i 0 speak+4 ,well1 b :at does he say8 ,x's n s mu* :at he says1 z :at he d5ies4 ,:at does he d5y1 !n8 ,ev]y?+ t y1 ,i suppose1 w\ld ass]t4 ,i %\ld conjecture1 at lea/1 t y believe 9 progress1 democracy1 & all ! re/ ( x4 ,well8 ,well1 he repudiates all t4 ,ev]y?+ t y w\ld reckon z progress1 he reckons z decad5ce4 ,democracy he reg>ds1 ) all t x involves1 z a revolt ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong1 ( ! bad aga9/ ! good1 ( ! h]d aga9/ ! ma/]4 ,e great society1 9 8 view1 is ari/ocratic1 & ari/ocratic 9 ! s5se t ! _m are delib]ately & consci\sly sacrific$ to ! few2 & t1 n z a pa9ful necessity1 b ) a good consci5ce1 9 free ob$i5ce to ! univ]sal law ( ! _w4 ',be /rong1 be h>d' are 8 ultimate e?ical pr9ciples4 ,! mod]n virtues1 or :at we affect to consid] su*1 sympa?y1 pity1 ju/ice1 ?rift1 unselfi%ness & ! l1 are m]ely symptoms ( moral deg5]ation4 ,! true & great & noble man is above all ?+s selfi%2 & ! highe/ type ( humanity is to be s\ght 9 ,napoleon or ,cs> ,borgia4 ,b t's m]e rav+6 ,s y are pleas$ to say2 & s1 inde$1 x really may be4 ,b n simply because x contradicts ^? curr5t notions :i* we are embody+1 z fa/ z we c1 9 our in/itutions4 ,x is precisely ^? notions t x *all5ges2 & x is idle to meet x ) a b>e d5ial4 ,i c conceive no bett] way ( meet+ x6 ,p]haps1 = purposes ( battle4 ,yet1 ev5 s1 y w\ld surely be /rong] if y _h reason = y\r fai?4 ,b ,i ?9k my reason suffici5t--^? are n ! ideas ( ! age4 ,b = all y "k !y may be ^? ( ! next4 ,well1 t w be its conc]n4 ,b surely1 on y\r own !ory1 x mu/ also be y\rs2 = y said t ! lat] 0 also ! bett]4 ,& ! bett]1 ,i suppose1 is :at y want to atta94 ,well6 ,well !n1 9 support+ ! ideas & in/itutions g5]ally curr5t1 y may be h9d]+ in/ead ( help+ ! realization ( ! ,good y want to a*ieve4 ,b ,i don't believe ,nietzs*e's ideas ev] c\ld repres5t ! ,good6 ,:y n8 ,because ,i don't4 ,b1 at any rate1 d y ab&on ! position t we c take ! ideas ( our "t z a f9al crit]ion8 ,i suppose s--,i don't "k--,i'm sure !re's some?+ 9 x6 ,d y believe y\rself t !y h no import = u8 ,i didn't say t2 b ,i ?9k we h to f9d :at ! import is4 ,we _c sub/itute = our own judgm5t ! m]e fact ( a curr5t conv5tion1 any m ?an we c sub/itute ! m]e fact ( ! t5d5cy ( ,nature4 ,=1 aft] all1 x is ! "p ( a moral re=m] to modify ! conv5tion4 ,or d y n ?9k s8 ,p]haps1 he admitt$1 x may be6 ,p]haps x may be6 cri$ ,leslie1 b palpably x is6 ,is !re any in/itution or law or op9ion y c\ld "n :i* is n op5 to obvi\s criticism8 ,take :at y w--p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t1 ! family1 ! law ( real prop]ty--is !re "o ( !m t c\ld be adequately & successfully def5d$8 ,c]ta9ly6 began ,p>ry1 ) "s indignation4 ,! family-- ,oh1 ,i int]rupt$1 we are n yet 9 a position to discuss t6 ,b ^u "o ?+ we seem to be agre$--t :atev] may be ! value ( curr5t /&>ds ( ,good 9 assi/+ our judgm5t1 we _c p]mit !m simply to sup]s$e x by an act ( au?ority4 ,& s once m we are ?r[n back ea* ^u 8 own op9ions4 ,to :i*1 accord+ to y1 int]pos$ ,p>ry1 we are b\nd to atta* "s validity4 ,& yet :i* we are aw>e1 add$ ,ellis1 _c possibly h any4 ,i 0 ab\t to prote/ aga9/ ?is rem>k :5 ,i saw1 com+ r\nd f ! g>d51 ,b>tlett & ,d5nis1 ! two rema9+ memb]s ( our p>ty4 ,!y _h j return$ f a m\nta9e]+ exp$ition2 & n[1 hav+ _h _! ba?1 _h come out to jo9 u 9 our usual place ( assembly4 ,b>tlett _h 9 8 h& ! ,times & ! ,daily ,*ronicle4 ,he 0 a ke5 bus9ess man1 & a ,radical politician ( "s note2 & ?\gh n naturally incl9$ to speculative ?\ght1 w\ld sometimes take "p 9 our discussions if ev] !y seem$ to t\* on any practical issue4 ,on ^! occasions 8 rem>ks 7 (t5 v mu* to ! po9t2 b 8 mann] be+ some:at aggressive & polemic1 8 int]position did n always t5d to make smoo? ! c\rse ( debate4 ,x 0 !re=e ) m+l$ feel+s ( satisfaction & anxiety t ,i greet$ 8 return4 ,aft] "s talk ab\t _! exp$ition1 he turn$ to me & said1 ,we ought to apologise1 ,i suppose1 = int]rupt+ a discussion8 ,n at all6 ,i repli$2 b1 z y are "h1 p]haps y w be will+ to help u8 ,oh1 he said1 ,i leave t to ,d5nis4 ,?is k9d ( ?+ isn't mu* 9 my l9e4 ,:at k9d ( ?+8 ,leslie int]ject$4 ,i don't believe y ev5 "k :at we're talk+ ab\t6 ,talk+ ab\t4 ,:y1 philosophy1 ( c\rse6 ,:at else %\ld x be :5 y get toge!r8 ,?is "t1 ,i said1 x's n exactly philosophy1 b some?+ m l e?ics4 ,:at is ! "q8 ask$ ,d5nis4 ,d5nis 0 always ready = a discussion1 & ! m ab/ract ! !me1 ! bett] he 0 pleas$4 ,he _h be5 tra9$ = ! pr(ession ( m$ic9e1 b com+ into possession ( a =tune1 _h n f\nd x necess>y to practise1 & _h be5 devot+ 8 "t = "s ye>s pa/ to ,art & ,metaphysics4 ,i always enjoy$ talk+ to him1 ?\gh ! position he _h come to hold 0 "o :i* ,i f\nd x v difficult to und]/&1 & ,i am n sure t ,i h be5 able to repres5t x fairly4 ,we h be5 discuss+1 ,i said1 9 answ] to 8 "q1 our judgm5ts ab\t :at is good1 & try+ )\t mu* success to get ov] ! difficulty1 t :]eas1 on ! "o h&1 we seem to be practically oblig$ to tru/ ^! judgm5ts1 on ! o!r we f9d x h>d to say :i* ( !m1 if any1 are true1 & h[ f> & 9 :at s5se4 ,oh1 he repli$1 !n ,b>tlett ought really to be able to help y4 ,at any rate he's v positive himself ab\t :at's good & :at's bad4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 he & ,i h be5 t\*+ ^u ! same po9t z y1 & ,i f9d1 among o!r ?+s1 t he is a conv9c$ ,utilit>ian4 ,i nev] said s1 said ,b>tlett1 b ,i h no objection to ! ^w4 ,x sav\rs ( heal?y homes & pure be]6 ,& is t y\r idea ( ,good8 ask$ ,leslie1 irritat$1 z ,i c\ld see1 by ?is obtrusion ( ! concrete4 ,yes1 he repli$1 :y n8 ,x's z good an idea z mo/4 ,i suppose1 ,i said1 all ( u "h %\ld agree t ! ?+s y speak ( are good4 ,b somebody might v well d5y x4 ,( c\rse somebody c d5y any?+1 if only = ! sake ( argum5t4 ,y mean t no "o c\ld be s]i\s 9 su* a d5ial8 ,i mean t ev]ybody really kn[s p]fectly well :at is good & :at is bad2 ! difficulty is1 n to "k x1 b to d x6 ,b surely y w admit t op9ions d diff]8 ,!y don't diff] ne>ly s mu* z p pret5d1 on important po9ts2 or1 if !y d1 ! diff]5ce is n ab\t :at ought to be done1 b ab\t h[ to d x4 ,:at ought to be done1 !n8 ask$ ,leslie defiantly4 ,well1 = example we ought to make our cities dec5t & heal?y4 ,:y8 ,because we ought2 or1 if y l1 because x w make p happy4 ,b ,i don't l at all6 ,i don't see t x's necess>ily good to make p happy4 ,oh well1 if y d5y t-- ,well1 if ,i d5y t8 ,i don't believe y to be s]i\s1 t's all4 ,good simply means1 :at makes p happy2 & y mu/ "k t z well z ,i d4 ,y see6 int]pos$ ,d5nis2 ,i told y he 0 a ,utilit>ian4 ,i d>esay ,i am2 at any rate1 t's :at ,i ?9k2 & s1 ,i believe1 does ev]ybody else4 ',! ,univ]se1' murmur$ ,ellis1 's f> z sane conjecture c g1 is an immeasurable sw9e's tr\gh1 consi/+ ( solid & liquid1 & ( o!r contra/s & k9ds2 especially consi/+ ( atta9able & unatta9able1 ! latt] 9 imm5sely great] quantities = mo/ pigs4' ,t's v unfair1 ,p>ry prote/$1 z an acc\nt ( ,h$onism4 ,i don't see t x is at all1 cri$ ,leslie4 ,i ?9k1 ,i said1 t x repres5ts ,b5?am's position well en\gh1 ?\gh probably n ,b>tlett's4 ,oh well1 said ,p>ry1 ,b5?am 0 only an egoi/ic ,h$oni/4 ,a :at8 said ,b>tlett4 ,an egoi/ic ,h$oni/4 ,& :at may t be8 ,an egoi/ic ,h$oni/1 ,p>ry 0 beg9n+1 b ,ellis cut him %ort4 ,x's be/ expla9$1 he said1 by an example4 ,"h1 = example1 is ,b5?am's def9ition ( ! pleasures ( fri5d%ip2 !y are1 he says1 '^? :i* accompany ! p]suasion ( possess+ ! goodwill ( su* & su* individuals1 & ! "r ( expect+ f !m1 9 consequ5ce1 spontane\s & gratuit\s s]vices4' ,we all laugh$1 ?\gh ,p>ry1 :o lov$ fair play1 c\ld n help prote/+4 ,y really c't judge1 he said1 by a s+le example4 ,c't y8 cri$ ,ellis2 well !n1 "h's ano!r4 ',! pleasures ( piety' are '^? :i* accompany ! p]suasion ( acquir+ or possess+ ! fav\r ( ,god2 & ! p[]1 9 consequ5ce1 ( expect+ p>ticul> fav\rs f him1 ei!r 9 ?is life or 9 ano!r4' ,we laugh$ aga92 & ,p>ry said1 ,well1 ,i resign myself to y\r levity4 ,& aft] all1 x doesn't mu* matt]1 = no "o n[ is an egoi/ic ,h$oni/4 ,:at are we !n1 ask$ ,b>tlett1 y & ,i8 ,:y1 ( c\rse1 altrui/ic ,h$oni/s1 said ,p>ry4 ,& :at's ! diff]5ce8 ,! diff]5ce is1 ,p>ry began to expla91 b ,ellis int]rupt$ him aga94 ,! diff]5ce is1 he cri$1 t "o is a brute & ! o!r a prig4 ,really1 ,ellis1 ,p>ry began 9 a tone ( remon/rance4 ,b1 ,p>ry1 ,i int]pos$1 are y a ,utilit>ian8 ,n precisely1 he repli$2 b my conclusions are mu* ! same z !irs4 ,& ( all ! priori sy/ems ,i pref] ,utilit>ianism1 because x is at lea/ cle>1 simple1 & precise4 ,t is :at ,i c nev] see t x is4 ,:y1 :at is y\r difficulty8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i said1 ! sy/em appe>s to re/ ^u a dogma4 ,true1 he said1 b t p>ticul> dogma--! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]--is "o :i* comm5ds itself to ev]yone's consci\sness4 ,i don't believe x6 said ,ellis4 ,let u take an example4 ,a cross+-sweep]1 we w suppose1 is suff]+ f a c]ta9 disease ab\t :i* ! doctors "k no?+4 ,_! only *ance ( discov]+ h[ to cure x is to vivisect ! pati5t2 & x is f\nd1 by ! h$oni/ic calculus1 t if !y d s1 a g5]al prepond]ance ( pleasure ov] pa9 w result4 ,accord+ly1 !y g to ! cross+-sweep] & say1',o cross+-sweep]6 ,9 ! "n ( ! utilit>ian philosophy we call ^u y to submit to vivisection4 ,! tortures y w h to endure1 x is true1 w be inconceivable3 b ?9k ( ! result6 ,a g5]al prepond]ance 9 ! community at l>ge ( pleasure ov] pa96 ,= e atom ( pa9 inflict$ on y1 an atom ( pleasure w accrue to somebody else4 ,^u y1 x is true1 w fall ! :ole ( ! pa92 :]eas ! pleasure w be s m9utely di/ribut$ among innum]able individuals t ! increm5t 9 ea* case w be almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,no matt]1 x w be !re6 & our ari?metic assures u t ! total ga9 9 pleasure w exce$ ! total loss 9 pa94 ,x w also be di/ribut$ among a great] numb] ( individuals4 ,?us all ! requirem5ts ( ! h$oni/ic calculus are satisfi$6 ,y\r duty lies pla9 be=e y6 ,rise to ! height ( y\r de/9y1 & foll[ u to ! dissect+ room6 ,:at d y ?9k ! cross+-sweep] w\ld say8 ,i leave x to ,b>tlett to express 8 s5tim5ts6 ,my de> ,ellis1 said ,p>ry1 y\r example is absurd4 ,! case1 to beg9 )1 is "o t c\ld n possibly occur4 ,& ev5 if x did1 "o c\ld n expect ! man :o 0 actually to suff]1 to take an imp>tial view ( ! situation4 ,b1 ,i said1 putt+ ! suff]] out ( ! "q1 :at w\ld really be ! op9ion ( ! p = :om he 0 to suff]8 ,d y ?9k !y w\ld believe !y ought to accept ! sacrifice8 ,e man1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld repudiate x ) horror = himself2 & :at "r has he to accept x = o!r p8 ,on ! utilit>ian hypo!sis1 said ,p>ry1 he c]ta9ly ought to4 ,no d\bt2 b w\ld he8 ,utilit>ianism claims to re/ ^u common s5se1 b1 9 ! case adduc$1 ,i v5ture to ?9k common s5se w\ld repudiate x4 ,p]haps1 he said1 b ! example is mislead+4 ,x is a case1 z ,i said1 t c\ld n occur--a m]e m>g9al case4 ,/ill1 ,i said1 a m>g9al case may sugge/ a fundam5tal fallacy4 ,anyh[1 ,i _c see myself t ! judgm5t t ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb] is good has a m obvi\s & indisputable validity ?an any o!r judgm5ts ( wor?4 ,x seems to me to be j "o judgm5t among o!rs2 &1 l ! o!rs1 x may be true or false4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w n press t po9t4 ,b :at ,i %\ld l to insi/ ^u is1 t ! doctr9e :i* ,b>tlett seem$ to hold-- ,i hold no doctr9e1 int]rupt$ ,b>tlett2 ,i m]ely express$ an op9ion1 :i* ,i am n likely to *ange = all ! philosophy 9 ! _w4 ,& ) t he op5$ ! ,*ronicle1 & pres5tly becom+ absorb$1 paid = "s "t no fur!r att5tion to ! c\rse ( our debate4 ,well1 ,i cont9u$1 ! doctr9e1 :e!r ,b>tlett holds x or no1 t ! ultimately good ?+ is ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 _c be insi/$ ^u z "o :i* appeals at once to ev]yone's consci\sness z true1 s t1 9 fact1 s9ce its enunciation1 ! controv]sy ab\t ,good may be reg>d$ z clos$4 ,x w h>dly be ma9ta9$1 ,i imag9e1 ev5 by ,p>ry1 t ! tru? ( ! doctr9e is a direct & simple intuition1 s t x has only to be /at$ to be accept$8 ,c]ta9ly n1 ,p>ry repli$1 ! cont5tion ( ! ,utilit>ians is t ev]yone :o has ! capacity & w take ! tr\ble to reflect w1 9 fact1 arrive at _! conclusions4 ,! conclusions be+ l o!r conclusions ab\t :at is good1 ! result ( a difficult process ( analysis1 9 :i* !re are _m possibilities ( error1 & no m self-evid5t & simple ?an any o!r judgm5t ( ! k9d8 ,he agre$4 ,& fur!r1 ! g5]al pr9ciple1 t5tative & unc]ta9 z x is1 requir+ itself to be p]petually int]pret$ anew = e fre% case t turns up4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,:y1 ,i said1 ev5 if we grant t ! end ( action is ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 yet we h /ill to discov] :]e9 t happ9ess consi/s4 ,b1 he said1 happ9ess we def9e q simply z pleasure4 ,yes2 b h[ d we def9e pleasure8 ,we don't ne$ to def9e x4 ,pleasure & pa9 are simply s5sations4 ,if ,i cut my f+]1 ,i feel pa92 if ,i dr9k :5 ,i am ?ir/y1 ,i feel pleasure4 ,!re c be no mi/ake ab\t ^! feel+s2 !y are simple & radical4 ,und\bt$ly4 ,b if y limit pleasure & pa9 to su* simple cases z ^!1 y w nev] get out ( !m a sy/em ( ,e?ics4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 if y ext5d ! t]ms indef9itely1 !y lose at once all _! boa/$ precision1 & become z difficult to int]pret z ,good & ,evil4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,:y1 ,i said1 if all conduct turn$ on su* simple *oices z t betwe5 ?ick s\p & cle>1 !n p]haps its rules might be fairly summ$ up 9 ! utilit>ian =mula4 ,b 9 fact1 z ev]yone kn[s1 ! *oices are f> m difficult2 !y are betwe51 let u say1 a bottle ( port & a ,bee?ov5 symphony2 leisure & lib]ty n[1 or #ajjj a-ye> tw5ty ye>s h5ce2 art & fame at ! co/ ( heal?1 or s\nd n]ves & obscurity2 & s on1 & s on ?r\gh all ! possible cases1 inf9itely m complex 9 reality ?an ,i c\ld attempt to indicate "h1 all ( :i*1 no d\bt1 c\ld be br\ght "u y\r =mula1 b none ( :i* ! =mula w\ld help to solve4 ,( c\rse1 said ,p>ry1 ! h$oni/ic calculus is difficult to apply4 ,no "o1 t ,i "k (1 d5ies t4 ,no "o c\ld v well d5y x1 ,i repli$4 ,b n[1 see :at foll[s4 ,grant+1 = ! mom5t1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t 9 mak+ ^! difficult *oices we really d apply :at y call ! h$oni/ic calculus-- ,:i* ,i1 = my "p1 altoge!r d5y6 cri$ ,leslie4 ,well1 ,i resum$1 b grant+ x = ! mom5t1 yet ! important po9t is n ! crit]ion1 b ! result4 ,x is a small ?+ to "k 9 g5]al t]ms 7suppos+ ev5 x 7 true t we d "k x7 t :at we ought to seek is a prepond]ance ( pleasure ov] pa92 ! :ole problem is to discov]1 9 innum]able detail$ cases1 :]e9 precisely ! prepond]ance consi/s4 ,b ?is c only be le>nt1 if at all1 by long & difficult1 &1 x may be1 pa9ful exp]i5ce4 ,we d n really "k1 priori1 :at ?+s are pleasurable1 9 ! ext5d$ s5se :i* we mu/ give to ! ^w if ! doctr9e is to be at all plausible1 any m def9itely ?an we "k :at ?+s are good4 ,& ! ,utilit>ians by sub/itut+ ! ^w ,pleasure = ! ^w ,good1 ev5 if ! sub/itution 7 legitimate1 h n really done mu* to help u 9 our *oice4 ,b1 he object$1 we d at lea/ "k :at ,pleasure is1 ev5 if we d n "k :at ?+s are pleasurable4 ,& s ,i might say we d "k :at ,good is1 ev5 if we d n "k :at ?+s are good4 ,b we "k ,pleasure by direct s5sation4 ,& s ,i might say we "k ,good by direct p]ception4 ,b y _c def9e ,good4 ,nei!r c y def9e ,pleasure4 ,bo? mu/ be recognis$ by direct exp]i5ce4 ,b1 at any rate1 he said1 !re is ?is di/9ction1 t 9 ! case ( ,pleasure ev]yone does recognise x :5 x occurs2 :]eas !re is no su* g5]al recognition ( ,good4 ,t1 ,i admitt$1 may1 p]haps1 be true2 ,i am n sure4 ,b1 broke 9 ,leslie1 :at does x matt] :e!r x be true or no8 ,:at has all ?is to d ) ! "q8 ,x's immat]ial :e!r ,pleasure or ,good is ! m easily & g5]ally recognisable4 ,! po9t is t !y are radically diff]5t ?+s4 ,no1 object$ ,p>ry1 our po9t is t !y are ! same ?+4 ,b ,i don't believe y really ?9k s1 or t anyone c4 ,& ,i don't believe t anyone _c6 ,d y mean to say t y really agree ) ,b5?am t1 quantity ( pleasure be+ equal1 pu%p9 is z good z poetry8 ,yes2 at lea/ ,i agree ) :at he means1 ?\gh ! p>ticul> example doesn't appeal to me1 = ,i h>dly "k :at ei!r pu%p9 or poetry is4 ,well !n1 let u take ,plato's example4 ,d y ?9k t1 quantity ( pleasure be+ equal1 scrat*+ oneself :5 "o it*es is z good z1 say1 pursu+ sci5tific rese>*4 ,yes4 ,b ( c\rse ! po9t is t quantity ( pleasure is n equal4 ,y mean1 int]pos$ ,ellis1 t !re is m pleasure 9 scrat*+8 ,no1 ( c\rse n4 ,b at lea/ y w admit t !re is m pleasure 9 "s physical exp]i5ces8 ,plato1 = example1 takes ! case ( a catamite4 ,i admit no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! gross physical pleasures d n la/4 ,b suppose !y did8 ,imag9e an et]nal1 nev]-*ang+ bliss ( scrat*+1 or (-- ,i don't see ! use ( discuss+ ! matt] 9 ?is k9d ( way4 ,x seems to me to des]ve s]i\s treatm5t ,b ,i am p]fectly s]i\s4 ,i d g5u9ely believe t a heav5 ( scrat*+1 or at any rate ( "s analog\s b int5s] exp]i5ce1 w\ld involve an indef9itely great] sum ( pleasure ?an a heav5 ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,well1 all ,i c say is1 ,i don't agree ) y4 ,b :y n8 cri$ ,leslie4 ,if y 7 c&id ,i believe y w\ld4 ,! fact is t y h pr$et]m9$ t sci5tific rese>* is a bett] ?+ ?an su* physical pleasure1 & !n y br+ out y\r calculation ( pleasure s z to agree ) t =egone conclusion4 ,& t is :at ! ,utilit>ians always d4 ,be+ ord9>y dec5t p !y accept ! same values z ! re/ ( ! _w1 & on ! same gr\nds z ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,& !n !y pret5d1 & no d\bt believe !mselves1 t !y h be5 l$ to _! conclusions by ! h$oni/ic calculus4 ,b really1 if !y made an imp>tial attempt to apply ! calculus fairly1 !y w\ld arrive at q diff]5t results1 results :i* w\ld surprise & %ock !mselves1 & de/roy ! :ole plausibility ( _! !ory4 ,t is y\r view ( ! matt]4 ,b isn't x y\rs8 ,no1 c]ta9ly n4 ,at any rate1 ,i int]pos$1 x seems to be cle> t ?is utilit>ian doctr9e has no?+ absolute or f9al or self-evid5t ab\t x4 ,all we c say is t among ! _m op9ions ab\t :at ?+s are good1 !re is also ?is op9ion1 v widely held1 t all pleasurable ?+s are good1 & t no?+ is good t is n pleasurable4 ,b t1 l any o!r op9ion1 c be & is disput$4 ,s t we return pretty mu* to ! po9t we left1 t !re are a numb] ( conflict+ op9ions ab\t :at ?+s are good1 t to ^! op9ions "s validity mu/ be atta*$1 b t x is difficult to see h[ we are to reconcile !m or to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,only1 someh[ or o!r1 z x seems to me1 ! tru? ab\t ,good mu/ be adumbrat$ 9 ^! op9ions1 & by int]rogat+ ! actual exp]i5ce ( m5 9 _! judgm5ts ab\t good ?+s1 we may p]haps be able to get at lea/ "s1 %ad[y notion ( ! object ( our que/ ,& s1 said ,ellis1 gett+ up & /ret*+ himself1 ev5 by y\r own confession we end :]e we began4 ,n q1 ,i repli$4 ,besides1 h we end$8 ,= "s m9utes x seem$ z ?\gh we _h4 ,! mid-day heat 7x 0 n[ twelve o'clock7 & ! sil5ce brok5 only by ! murmur ( ! f\nta9 7= ! m[]s opposite _h gone home to _! d9n]7 seem$ to h induc$ a g5]al dis9cl9ation to ! ef=t ( spee* or ?\ght ,ev5 ,d5nis :om ,i _h nev] kn[n to be tir$ 9 body or m9d1 & :o 0 always debat+ some?+--x seem$ to matt] v little :at--ev5 he1 ,i ?\ght at fir/1 0 ready to let ! discussion drop4 ,b pres5tly x became cle> t he 0 only revolv+ my la/ words 9 8 m9d1 = be=e long he turn$ to me & said3 ,i don't "k :at y mean by 'int]rogat+ exp]i5ce1' or :at results y hope to atta9 by t process4 ,at ?is ,leslie prick$ up 8 e>s1 & ,i saw t he at lea/ 0 z eag] z ev] to pursue ! subject fur!r4 ,:y1 cont9u$ ,d5nis1 %\ld !re n be a me?od ( discov]+ ,good indep5d5tly ( all exp]i5ce8 ,! phrase imm$iately arre/$ ,wilson's att5tion4 ',a me?od indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce1' he cri$1 :y1 :at k9d ( a me?od w\ld t be8 ,x is n s easy to describe1 repli$ ,d5nis4 ,b ,i 0 ?9k+ ( ! k9d ( me?od1 = example1 t is work$ out by ,hegel 9 8 ,logic8 ,i h nev] read ,hegel1 said ,wilson4 ,s t doesn't convey mu* to my m9d4 ,well1 said ,d5nis1 ,i am afraid ,i c't summ>ize him6 ,c't y8 cri$ ,ellis1 ,i c6 ,"h he is 9 a nut%ell6 ,take any /atem5t y l--= example1 ',no?+ exi/s6'--put x into ! dialectical ma*9e1 turn ! h&le1 & hey pre/o6 out comes ! ,absolute6 ,! ?+'s infallible2 x does n matt] :at y put 92 y always get out ! same id5tical sausage4 ,d5nis laugh$4 ,!re1 ,wilson1 he said1 ,i hope y und]/& n[6 ,i c't say ,i d1 repli$ ,wilson1 b ,i d>esay x doesn't mu* matt]4 ,p]haps1 !n1 said ,ellis1 y w\ld pref] ! ,kantian plan4 ,:at is t8 ,oh1 x's mu* simpl] ?an ! o!r4 ,y g into y\r room1 lock ! door1 & close ! %utt]s1 exclud+ all light ,!n y proce$ to inv]t ! m9d1 s z to relieve x ( all its cont5ts2 look /eadily into ! empty vessel1 z if x 7 a well2 & at ! bottom y w f9d ,tru? 9 ! =m ( a categorical imp]ative4 ,or1 if y don't l t1 !re's ! me?od ( ,fi*te4 ,y take an ,ego1 by pref]5ce y\rself2 conv]t x into a proposition2 negate x1 affirm x1 negate x aga91 & s on ad inf9itum1 until y get out ! :ole ,univ]se 9 ! lik5ess ( y\rself4 ,b t's r a difficult me?od2 probably y w\ld pref] ,sp9oza's4 ,y take-- ,no6 cri$ ,d5nis1 !re ,i prote/6 ,sp9oza is too v5]able a "n4 ,s are !y all1 all v5]able names1 said ,ellis4 ,b ! "q is1 to :i* ( !m d y swe> allegiance8 ,= !y all arrive at totally diff]5t results4 ,i don't "k t ,i swe> allegiance to any ( !m1 he repli$4 ,i m]ely v5tur$ to sugge/ t x is only by "s su* me?od ( pure reason t "o c ev] hope to discov] ,good4 ,y d n pr(ess !n1 ,i said1 to h discov]$ any su* me?od y\rself8 ,no4 ,nor d y feel sure t anyone else has8 ,no4 ,y simply lie d[n & block ! road8 ,yes1 he said1 & y may walk ov] me if y c4 ,no1 ,i said1 ,x w be simpl]1 ,i ?9k1 if possible1 to walk r\nd y4 ,= by ?is "t an idea _h occurr$ to me4 ,d s1 he said1 by all means1 if y c4 ,well ,i began1 let u suppose = ! sake ( argum5t t !re really is "s su* me?od z y sugge/ ( discov]+ ,good--a purely rational me?od1 indep5d5t ( all common exp]i5ce4 ,let u suppose x1 he said1 if y are will+4 ,is x y\r idea !n1 ,i cont9u$1 t ?is ,good s discov]$1 w\ld be out ( all relation to :at we call goods8 ,or w\ld x be m]ely ! total reality ( :i* !y are imp]fect & inadequate expressions8 ,i d n see1 he said1 :y x %\ld h any relation%ip to !m4 ,all ! ?+s we call good may really be bad2 or "s good & "s bad 9 a q *aotic fa%ion4 ,!re is no reason to suppose t our ideas ab\t ,good h any validity unless x 7 by an accid5tal co9cid5ce4 ,& fur!r1 ,i said1 ?\gh we really d believe !re is a ,good1 & t !re is a purely rational & priori me?od ( discov]+ x1 yet we d n pr(ess to h asc]ta9$ t me?od ourselves1 nor d we feel sure t x has be5 asc]ta9$ by anyone8 ,9 any case1 we admit1 ,i suppose1 t to ! great mass ( m51 bo? ( our own & all previ\s ages1 su* a me?od has rema9$ unkn[n & unsuspect$8 ,he agre$4 ,b ^! m51 nev]!less1 h be5 pursu+ ,goods "u ! impression t !y 7 really good4 ,yes4 ,& 9 ?is pursuit !y h be5 exp5d+1 great m5 & small alike1 or r ^? :om we call great & small1 all t /ore ( en]gy1 ( passion1 & blood & te>s :i* makes up ! drama ( hi/ory8 ,und\bt$ly6 ,b t exp5diture1 z we n[ see1 0 futile & absurd4 ,! purposes to :i* x 0 direct$ 7 n really good1 nor _h !y any t5d5cy to promote ,good1 unless x 7 9 "s p>ticul> case by "s =tunate *ance4 ,:atev] m5 h /riv5 to a*ieve1 :e!r l ,*ri/1 to f\nd a religion1 or1 l ,cs>1 to f\nd a polity1 :e!r _! que/ 7 virtue or p[] or tru?1 or any o!r ( ! ends we are accu/om$ to value & praise1 or :e!r !y s\ght ! direct opposites ( ^!1 or simply liv$ f h\r to h\r foll[+ )\t reflexion ! impulse ( ! mom5t1 9 any & e case all alike1 great & small1 good & bad1 lead]s & foll[]s1 or h[ev] else we may class !m1 71 9 fact1 equally insignificant & absurd1 ! idle sport ( illusions1 "o z empty & baseless z ano!r4 ,! hi/ory ( nations1 ! lives ( individual m51 are /ripp$1 9 ?is view1 ( all int]e/ & mean+2 n[h]e is !re advance or retrogression1 n[h]e bett] or worse1 n[h]e s5se or consi/5cy at all4 ,sy/ems1 h[ev] impos+1 /ructures1 h[ev] va/1 fly into du/ & p[d] at a t\*4 ,! />s fall f ! human firmam5t2 ! beacon-lights dance l w-o'-!-wisps2 ! :ole univ]se ( hi/ory op5s1 cracks1 & dissolves 9 smoke2 & we1 f an ev]-vani%+ %ore1 gaze ) impot5t eyes at ! la/ gleam on ! w+s ( ! dove ( ,reason z x dips = ev] d[n to et]nal night4 ,w n t be ! only view we c take ( ! c\rse ( human action if we hold t :at we believe to be goods h no relation to ! true ,good8 ,yes1 he admitt$1 ,i suppose x w4 ,& if we turn1 ,i cont9u$1 f ! pa/ to ! pres5t & ! future1 we f9d ourselves1 ,i ?9k1 9 ev5 worse case4 ,= we %all all1 ^? ( u :o may come to accept ! hypo!sis y put =w>d1 be depriv$ ( ! consolation ev5 ( imag9+ a reason & purpose 9 our lives4 ,! great m5 ( ! pa/1 at any rate1 c\ld & did believe t !y 7 help+ to realize great ,goods2 b we1 9 s f> z we are philosoph]s1 %all h to =ego ev5 t satisfaction4 ,we %all believe1 inde$1 t ,good exi/s1 & t !re is a me?od ( discov]+ x by pure reason2 b ?is me?od1 we may safely assume1 we %all n mo/ ( u h asc]ta9$4 ,or d y ?9k we %all8 ,i _c tell1 he said2 ,i d n pr(ess to h asc]ta9$ x myself4 ,& meantime1 ,i said1 y h n ev5 ! "r to assume t x is a good ?+ to endeav\r to asc]ta9 x4 ,= ! pursuit ( ,tru?1 x mu/ be admitt$1 is "o ( ! ?+s :i* we call good2 & ^!1 we agre$1 h n any relation to ! true ,good4 ,consid]1 !n1 ! position ( ^! un=tunate m5 :o h le>nt inde$ t !re is a ,good1 b :o "k no?+ ab\t x1 except t x has no?+ to d ) :at !y call good4 ,:at k9d ( life w !y live8 ,:atev] !y may put _! h& to1 !y w at once be p>alyz$ by ! ?\ght t x _c possibly be wor? pursu+4 ,politics1 art1 pleasure1 sci5ce--( ^! & all o!r ends !y "k b "o ?+1 t all is vanity4 ,z by ! t\* ( en*antm5t1 _! _w is turn$ to du/4 ,l ,tantalus !y /ret* lips & h&s t[>ds a wat] = ev] vani%+1 a fruit = ev] )drawn4 ,at w> ) empty phantoms1 !y '/rike ) _! _s's knife1' z ,%elley has x1 'invuln]able no?+s1' ,dizzy & lo/ !y move ab\t 9 worlds n only unrealiz$1 b unrealizable1 '*ildr5 cry+ 9 ! night1 ) no language b a cry1' & no fa!r to cry to4 ,& 9 all ?is bl9d confusion ! only com=t v\*saf$ is t someh[ or o!r !y may1 !y _c tell h[1 discov] a ,good ( :i* ! only ?+ !y "k is t x has no connection ) ! ,goods !y h lo/4 ,is n ?is a fair acc\nt ( ! condition to :i* m5 w\ld be r$uc$ :o really did accept & believe y\r hypo!sis8 ,yes1 he said1 p]haps x is1 b /ill ,i mu/ prote/ aga9/ ?is appeal to prejudice & passion4 ,suppos+ ! tru? really 7 z ,i sugge/$1 we %\ld h to face x1 :e!r or no x seem$ to ru9 our own life4 ,yes1 ,i agre$1 suppos+ ! tru? 7 s4 ,b1 aft] all1 we h no suffici5t !oretical reason = believ+ x to be s1 & e k9d ( practical reason aga9/ x4 ,we _c1 x is true1 demon/rate--& t 0 admitt$ f ! fir/--t any ( our judgm5ts ab\t :at is good are true2 b !re is no reason :y we %\ld n believe--& ,i %\ld say we mu/ believe--t someh[ or o!r !y d at lea/ h tru? 9 !m4 ,well1 & if s8 ,if s1 we d n dep5d1 z y said we d1 or at lea/ we d n believe ourselves to dep5d1 = our k ab\t ,good1 ^u "s purely rational process n yet discov]$2 b ^? ?+s :i* we judge to be good really1 we ?9k1 9 "s s5se or s1 & by analyz+ & classify+ & comp>+ our exp]i5ces ( su* ?+s we may come to see m cle>ly :at x is 9 !m t we judge to be good2 & aga9 by increas+ exp]i5ce we may come to "k m ,good ?an we knew2 & g5]ally1 if we once admit t we h "s light1 we may hope1 by degrees1 to get m2 & t gett+ ( m light w be ! mo/ important bus9ess1 n only ( philosophy1 b ( life4 ,b if we c judge ( ,good at all1 :y d we n judge rightly8 ,if we really h a p]ception1 h[ is x t x is confus$1 n cle>8 ,i _c tell h[ or :y2 b p]haps x is some?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,our exp]i5ce1 9 ! fir/ place1 is limit$1 & we _c "k ,good except 9 s f> z we exp]i5ce x--s1 at lea/1 ,i ?9k1 ?\gh p]haps y may n agree4 ,& if t be s1 ev5 if our judgm5ts ab\t ,good t we h exp]i5c$ 7 cle>1 our conclusions drawn f !m w\ld yet be v imp]fect & t5tative1 because !re w\ld be s mu* ,good t we _h n exp]i5c$4 ,b1 9 fact1 z x seems1 our judgm5ts ev5 ab\t :at we d exp]i5ce are confus$1 because e exp]i5ce is indef9itely complex1 & conta9s1 along ) ! ,good1 s mu* t is indiff]5t or bad4 ,& to analyze out precisely :at x is t we are judg+ to be good is (t5 a difficult & labori\s task1 ?\gh x is "o t %\ld be a ma9 preoccupation ) u all4 ,y ?9k1 !n1 t !re are two reasons = ! obscurity & confusion t prevail 9 our judgm5ts ab\t ,good--"o1 t our exp]i5ce is limit$1 ! o!r t x is complex8 ,yes2 & our position 9 ?is respect1 z x always seems to me1 is l t ( p :o are le>n+ to see1 or to develop "s o!r s5se4 ,some?+ !y really d p]ceive1 b !y f9d x h>d to say :at4 ,_! k ( ! object dep5ds on ! /ate ( ! organ2 & x is only by ! progressive p]fect+ ( t1 t !y c settle _! d\bts & put an end to _! disputes1 :e!r ) !mselves or ) o!r p4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,well1 if y w all[ me to elaborate my metaphor1 ,i conceive t we h a k9d ( int]nal s5se1 l a rudim5t>y eye1 ^: nature x is to be s5sitive to ,good1 j z x is ! nature ( ! physical eye to be s5sitive to light4 ,b ?is eye ( ! s\l1 be+1 z ,i said1 rudim5t>y1 does n z yet p]ceive ,good ) any cle>ness or precision1 b only 9 a fa9t imp]fect way1 cat*+ n[ "o aspect ( x1 n[ ano!r1 b nev] re/+ cont5t 9 any ( ^!1 be+ driv5 on by ! impulse to realize itself to ev] sur] & f9] discrim9ation1 ) ! s5se t x is le>n+ its own nature z x le>ns t ( its object1 & t x w nev] be itself a true & p]fect organ until x is confront$ ) ! true & p]fect ,good4 ,& z by ! physical eye we le>n by degrees to di/+ui% col\rs & =ms1 to sep>ate & comb9e !m1 & arrange !m 9 def9ite gr\ps1 & !n1 go+ fur!r1 aft] disc]n+ 9 ?is way a _w ( physical ?+s1 proce$ to fa%ion = our delight a _w ( art1 9 t f9] exp]i5ce becom+ aw>e ( our own f9] self2 s1 by ?is eye ( h]s1 does ! s\l1 by long & t5tative ef=t1 le>n to di/+ui% & appraise ! ,goods :i* ,nature pres5ts to h]2 & !n1 /ill unsatisfi$1 proce$ to %ape = h]self a new _w1 z x 71 ( moral art1 fa%ion+ ! relations ( man to ,nature & to 8 fell[-man "u ! /ress ( h] ne$ to realize h]self1 ev] creat+ & ev] de/roy+ only to create anew1 le>n+ 9 ! process h] own nature1 yet aw>e t %e has nev] le>nt x1 b pass+ on )\t re/ to t unimag9$ consummation :]e9 ! impulse t urges h] on w be satisfi$ at la/1 & %e w re/ 9 ! p]fect enjoym5t ( t :i* %e kn[s to be ,good1 because 9 x %e has f\nd n only h] object b h]self4 ,is n ?is a possible conception8 ,i d n say1 he repli$1 t x is impossible2 b ,i /ill feel a difficulty4 ,:at is x8 ,i said1 = ,i am anxi\s n to %irk any?+4 ,well1 he said1 y w rememb] :5 ,p>ry sugge/$ t ! p]ception ( ,good might p]haps be an in/9ct1 y object$ t in/9cts conflict "o ) ano!r1 & t we !re=e require ano!r faculty to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,n[ x seems to me t y\r own argum5t is op5 to ! same objection4 ,y po/ulate "s faculty--:i* p]haps y might z well call an in/9ct--& ?is faculty1 z ,i und]/& y1 9 ! ef=t to realize itself1 proce$s to discrim9ate v>i\s objects z good4 ,b1 n[1 does ?is same faculty also "k t ! ,goods are good1 & :i* is bett] ?an :i*1 & g5]ally 9 :at relations !y /& to "o ano!r & to ! absolutely ,good8 ,or d we n require "h1 too1 ano!r faculty to make ^! judgm5ts1 & mu/ n ?is faculty1 z ,i said at fir/1 h previ\sly a*iev$1 by "s me?od ( its own1 a k ( ,good1 9 ord] t x may judge betwe5 ,goods8 ,no1 ,i said1 9 t way y w get1 z y h9t1 no?+ b an inf9ite regress4 ,! p]ception ( ,good1 :5ev] x comes1 mu/ be1 9 ! la/ analysis1 some?+ direct1 imm$iate1 & self-evid5t2 & s f> ,i am 9 agreem5t ) ,p>ry4 ,my only qu>rel ) him 0 9 reg>d to 8 assumption t ! judgm5ts we make ab\t ,good are f9al & conclusive4 ,! exp]i5ces we recognize z good are always1 x seems to me1 also bad2 because we are nev] able to appreh5d or exp]i5ce :at is absolutely ,good4 ,only1 z ,i l to believe--y may say ,i h no gr\nds = ! belief--we are always progress+ t[>ds su* a ,good2 & ! m ( x we appreh5d & exp]i5ce1 ! m we are aw>e ( our own well-be+2 or p]haps ,i ought to say1 ( ! well-be+ ( t "p ( u1 :atev] x may be--,i call x ! s\l--:i* pursues aft] ,good4 ,= h] attitude1 p]haps y w agree1 t[>ds h] object1 is n simply "o ( p]ception1 b "o ( appet5cy & enjoym5t4 ,h] aim is n m]ely to "k ,good1 b to exp]i5ce x2 s t along ) h] appreh5sion ( ,good goes h] appreh5sion ( h] own well-be+1 dep5d5t ^u & v>y+ ) h] relation to t1 h] object4 ,?us %e is aw>e ( a t5sion1 z x 71 :5 %e _c exp&1 ( a droop+ & inanition :5 nutrim5t fails1 ( a ru% ( heal? & vig\r z %e passes into a new & l>g] life1 z %e freely unfolds ?is or t aspect ( h] complex be+1 triumphs at la/ ov] an ob/acle t has long hemm$ & ?w>t$ h] c\rse1 & re/s = a mom5t 9 free & joy\s consci\sness ( self1 l a /ream newly escap$ f a rocky gorge1 to me&] 9 ! sun ?r\gh a gre5 melodi\s valley4 ,& ?is p]ception %e has ( h] own condition is l our p]ception ( heal? & disease4 ,we "k :5 we are well1 n by any process ( ratioc9ation1 by apply+ f )\t a /&>d ( heal? d$uc$ by pure ?\ght1 b simply by direct s5sation ( well-be+4 ,s x is ) ?is s\l ( ours1 :i* is conv]sant ) ,good4 ,h] p]ception ( ,good is b ! o!r side ( h] p]ception ( h] own well-be+1 = h] well-be+ consi/s 9 h] con=mity to ,good4 ,?us e phase ( h] gr[? 79 s f> z %e gr[s7 is 9 "o s5se good1 & 9 ano!r bad2 good 9 s f> z x is self-expression1 bad 9 s f> z ! expression is incomplete4 ,f ! limitations ( h] be+ %e flies1 t[>ds its expansion %e /ruggles2 & by h] p]ception t e ,good %e atta9s is also bad1 %e is driv5 on 9 h] que/ ( t ultimate ,good :i* w\ld be1 if %e c\ld rea* x1 at once ! complete realization ( h]self1 & h] complete con=mity to ,good4 ,b1 he object$1 ap>t f o!r difficulties1 9 y\r me?od ( discov]+ ! ,good is !re no place = ,reason at all8 ,i w\ld n say t1 ,i repli$1 ?\gh ,i am b\nd to confess t ,i see no place = :at y call pure ,reason4 ,x is ! "p ( ,reason1 on my hypo!sis1 to tabulate & comp>e results4 ,%e does n det]m9e directly :at is good1 b works1 z 9 all ! sci5ces1 ^u giv5 data1 record+ ! det]m9ations n 79 ?is case7 ( ! out] b ( ! inn] s5se1 notic+ :at k9ds ( activity satisfy1 & to :at degree1 ! exp&+ nature ( ?is s\l t seeks ,good1 & d$uc+ !refrom1 s f> z may be1 tempor>y rules ( conduct bas$ ^u t unique & c5tral exp]i5ce :i* is ! root & f\ndation ( ! :ole4 ,tempor>y rules1 ,i say1 because1 by ! nature ( ! case1 !y c h 9 !m no?+ absolute & f9al1 inasmu* z !y are m]e d$uctions f a process :i* is always develop+ & trans=m+ itself4 ,sy/ems ( morals1 maxims ( conduct are s _m l&m>ks left to %[ ! r\te by :i* ! s\l is m>*+2 ca/s1 z x 71 ( h] features at v>i\s /ages ( h] gr[?1 b nev] ! f9al record ( h] p]fect c\nt5ance4 ,& t is :y ! curr5t morality1 ! positive in/itutions & laws1 on :i* ,p>ry insi/$ ) s mu* =ce1 bo? h & h n ! value he assign$ to !m4 ,!y are 9 tru? invaluable records ( exp]i5ce1 & he is ra% :o attacks !m )\t und]/&+2 & yet1 9 a s5se1 !y are only to be und]/ood 9 ord] to be sup]s$$1 because ! exp]i5ce !y resume is n f9al1 b p>tial & incomplete4 ,w\ld y agree ) t1 ,p>ry1 or no8 ,i am n sure1 he said4 ,x w\ld be a dang]\s doctr9e to put 9 practice4 ,yes1 ,i said1 b ,i fe> t life itself is a dang]\s ?+1 & no?+ we c d w make x safe4 ,our only hope is c\rage & sanity4 ,b1 said ,d5nis1 to return to ! o!r po9t1 on y\r view is our k ( ,good altoge!r subsequ5t to exp]i5ce8 ,yes1 ,i repli$1 our k is1 if y l2 b x is a k ( exp]i5ce 9 ,good4 ,we fir/ recognize ,good by :at ,i call direct p]ception2 !n we analyze & def9e :at we h recogniz$2 & ! results ( ?is process1 ,i suppose1 is :at we call k1 s f> z x goes4 ,& !re c be no k ( ,good indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce8 ,i d n "k2 p]haps !re might be2 only ,i %\ld l to sugge/ t ev5 if we c\ld arrive at su* a k by pure reason1 we %\ld h a*iev$ only a def9ition ( ,good1 n ,good itself2 = ,good1 ,i suppose y w agree1 mu/ be a /ate ( exp]i5ce1 n a =mula4 ,ev5 if x be s1 he said1 x might /ill be possible to arrive at its =mula by pure reason4 ,x may be s1 ,i repli$1 only ,i console myself ) ! ?\ght1 t if1 z is ! case ) s _m ( u1 we _c see our way to any su* me?od1 we are n left1 on my hypo!sis1 altoge!r =lorn4 ,= ?\gh we _c "k ,good1 we c g on realiz+ ,goods1 & s mak+ progress t[>ds ! ultimate ,good1 :i* is ! goal n m]ely ( k b ( action4 ,& h[1 may ,i ask1 said ,wilson1 aft] a pause1 9 y\r conception1 is ,good relat$ to ,happ9ess8 ,t1 ,i repli$1 is "o ( ! po9ts we h to asc]ta9 by exp]i5ce4 ,= ,i reg>d ! /atem5t t happ9ess is ! end z "o ( ! num]\s attempts :i* m5 h made to int]pret ! deliv]ances ( _! int]nal s5se4 ,i d n imag9e ! int]pretation to be f9al & complete1 & inde$ x is too ab/ract & g5]al to h v mu* mean+4 ,b "s mean+1 no d\bt1 x has2 & exactly :at1 may =m ! subject ( mu* int]e/+ discussion 9 detail1 :i* belongs1 h[ev]1 r to ! "q ( ! cont5t ( ,good1 ?an to t ( ! me?od ( discov]+ x4 ,! me?od6 repli$ ,wilson1 b h y really indicat$ a me?od at all8 ,i h indicat$1 ,i repli$ :at ,i suppose to be ! me?od ( all sci5ce1 namely1 ! int]pretation ( exp]i5ce4 ,b1 he object$1 ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! k9d ( int]pretation4 ,true1 ,i admitt$1 b long ago ,i did my be/ to prove t we c\ld n le>n any?+ ab\t ,good by ! sci5tific me?od z y def9$ x4 ,= t c tell u only ab\t :at is1 n ab\t :at ought to be4 ,at ! same "t1 ! record+ & comp>+ & classify+ ( ! deliv]ances ( ?is int]nal s5se1 has a c]ta9 analogy to ! proc$ure ( sci5ce4 ,at any rate1 x might1 ,i ?9k1 fairly be call$ a me?od1 ?\gh a me?od difficult to apply1 & "o1 above all1 :i* only he c apply :o has )9 himself ! requisite exp]i5ce4 ,& 9 ?is respect ! /udy ( ! ,good resembles ! /udy ( ! ,beautiful4 ,h[ d y mean8 ,:y1 ,i said1 ^? :o are conv]sant ) ! arts are well aw>e t !re is su* a ?+ z a true canon1 ?\gh !y d n pr(ess to be 9 complete possession ( x4 ,!y h a p]ception ( ! ,beautiful1 n ready-made & f9al1 b t5tative & 9 process ( gr[?4 ,?is p]ception !y cultivate by con/ant obs]vation ( beautiful works1 "s m & "s less1 accord+ to _! g5ius & opportunities2 & ?us !y are always com+ to see1 ?\gh !y nev] see p]fectly1 j z ,i said 0 ! case 9 ! matt] ( ! ,good4 ,b1 object$ ,p>ry1 :at pro( is !re t !re is any /&>d at all 9 su* matt]s8 ,!re is no pro(1 ,i repli$1 except ! p]ception itself2 & t is suffici5t pro( to ^? :o h x4 ,& to "s slight ext5t1 no d\bt1 all m5 h x2 only _m d n c>e to develop x2 & s1 feel+ 9 !mselves t !y h no /&>d ( judgm5t 9 art1 !y suppose t all o!rs are l !mselves2 & t !re really is no /&>d & no k possible 9 su* matt]s4 ,& x is ! same ) ,good2 if a man w n *oose to cultivate 8 inn] s5se1 & to tra9 x to cle> & ev] cle>] p]ception1 he w ei!r nev] believe t !re is any k ( ,good1 or any mean+ at all 9 ! ^w2 or else1 s9ce all m5 feel ! ne$ ( an end = action1 he w h rec\rse to a fix$ dogma1 tak5 up by accid5t & clung to ) ob/9ate desp]ation1 )\t any root 9 8 true inn] nature2 & to him all discussion ab\t ,good w seem to be m]e folly1 s9ce he w believe ei!r t he possesses x already or t x _c be possess$ at all4 ,or ,if he ask aft] ! me?od ( discov]+ x1 he w be unable to und]/& x1 because he does n *oose to develop ! necess>y exp]i5ce2 & s he w g ?r\gh life = ev] unconv9c$1 argu+ (t5 & angrily1 b always ) no result1 :ile all ! "t ! k he d5ies is ly+ hidd5 )9 him1 if only he _h ! pati5ce & fai? to seek x !re4 ,b )\t t1 !re is no possibility ( conv9c+ him2 & x w be wis] altoge!r to leave him alone4 ,?is1 :e!r y call x a me?od or no1 is ! only idea ,i c =m z to ! possibility ( discov]+ :at is ,beautiful & ,good4 ,!re 0 sil5ce = a few mom5ts1 & !n ,wilson said3 ,d y mean to imply1 on y\r hypo!sis1 t we all are always seek+ ,good8 ,no1 ,i said2 :atev] ,i may ?9k on t po9t1 ,i h n committ$ myself4 ,x is en\gh = my purpose if we admit t we h ! faculty ( seek+ ,good1 suppos+ we *oose to d s4 ,& also ! faculty ( seek+ ,bad8 ,possibly2 ,i d n pron\nce ^u t4 ,well1 anyh[1 d y admit ! exi/5ce ( ,bad8 ,oh yes1 ,i cri$1 z mu* z y l2 = x is bad1 to my m9d1 t we %\ld be 9 a difficult que/ ( ,good1 in/ead ( 9 secure possession ( x4 ,& ab\t ! nature ( t que/ ,i make no facile assumption4 ,i d n pret5d t :at ,i h call$ ! gr[? ( ! s\l f )9 is a smoo? & easy process1 a quiet unfold+ ( leafy gre5 9 a bright & w9dless air4 ,if ,i recognize ! delight ( expansion1 ,i recognize also ! pa9 ( repression--! ?w>t$ desire1 ! unfulfill$ hope1 ! passion va9 & abortive4 ,i d n say ev5 :e!r or no1 9 ?is dim travail ( ! _s1 pleasure prevails ov] pa91 evil ov] good4 ,! mo/ ,i w\ld claim is to h sugge/$ a mean+ = our life 9 t]ms ( ,good2 & my view1 ,i half hop$1 w\ld h appeal$ 9 p>ticul> to y1 because :at ,i h (f]$ is n an ab/ract =mula1 h>d to int]pret1 h>d to relate to ! actual facts ( life1 b an attempt to sugge/ ! significance ( ^? facts !mselves1 to supply a key to ! cryptogram we call exp]i5ce4 ,& 9 proportion z we really believ$ ?is view to be true1 x w\ld lead u n away f b into life1 n %utt+ u up1 z has be5 too mu* ! b5t ( philosophy1 l ! homunculus ( ,goe!'s ',fau/1' 9 ! cry/al phial ( a set & rigid sy/em1 to r+ our little *im+ bell & fla% our t9y light ov] ! va/ sea ( exp]i5ce1 :i* all ar\nd u foams & floods1 myriad-/ream+1 imm5se1 & cle>ly se51 yet nev] felt1 ?r\gh t transp>5t b>ri]2 b r1 l him :5 he broke ! glass1 made free ( ! illimitable ma91 to foll[ "u ! yell[ moon ! c> ( ,galatea1 h] masque ( nymphs & tritons1 h] glid+ pomp ( cymbals & con*s1 away ?r\gh tempe/ & calm1 by night or day1 companion$ or alone1 to ! haunts ( ! f> ,cabeiri1 & ! home :]e ! ,mo!rs dwell4 ,z ,i conclud$1 ,i look$ across at ,audubon1 to see if ,i _h made any impression ^u him4 ,b he only smil$ at me r ironically & said1 ,is t meant1 may ,i ask1 = an acc\nt ( ev]yday exp]i5ce8 ,r1 ,i repli$1 = an int]pretation ( x4 ,x w\ld ne$ a great deal ( int]pretation1 he said1 to make any?+ ( ! k9d out ( m9e4 ,no d\bt1 ,i said2 yet ,i am n )\t hope t ! int]pretation may be true2 & t "s day y may recognize x to be s y\rself4 ,meantime1 p]haps1 ,i1 :o look on1 see m ( ! game ?an y :o play x2 & surely 9 mom5ts ( leisure l ?is y w n refuse to li/5 to my poor attempt to read ! riddle ( ! sph9x4 ,oh1 he said1 ,i li/5 gladly en\gh1 b z ,i w\ld to a poem4 ,& d y ?9k1 ,i repli$1 t !re is n m tru? 9 poetry ?an 9 philosophy or sci5ce8 ,b ,wilson ent]$ a vigor\s prote/1 & = a "t !re 0 a babel ( argum5t & declamation1 f :i* no cle> l9e ( ?\ght dis5gag$ itself4 ,d5nis1 h[ev]1 9 8 p]si/5t way1 _h be5 revolv+ 9 8 m9d :at ,i _h said1 & at ! fir/ opportunity he turn$ to me ) ! rem>k1 ,!re's "o po9t 9 y\r position t ,i c't und]/&4 ,d y mean to say t x is our seek+ t det]m9es ! ,good1 or ! ,good t det]m9es our seek+4 ,really1 ,i said1 ,i don't "k4 ,i %\ld say bo? are true4 ,we1 9 ! process ( our seek+1 affirm :at we f9d to be good1 & 9 t s5se det]m9e = ourselves :at = u 0 previ\sly indet]m9ate2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 our det]m9ation is n m]e caprice2 x is det]m9ation ( ,good1 :i* we mu/ !re=e suppose someh[ or o!r to 'be' be=e we disc]n x4 ,b !n1 9 :at s5se is x8 ,t is :at x is s h>d to say4 ,p]haps x is ! law ( our seek+1 ! creative & urg+ pr9ciple ( ! _w1 /riv+ ?r\gh u to realize itself1 & recogniz$ by u 9 t ef=t & /ra94 ,!n y\r hypo!sis is t ,good has to be br\ght ab\t1 ev5 :ile y admit t 9 "s s5se x is8 ,yes1 x exi/s p>tially1 & x ought to come to exi/ completely4 ,well n[1 t is exactly :at seems to me absurd4 ,if ,good is at all x is et]nal & complete4 ,b !n1 ,i ask 9 my turn1 9 :at s5se is x8 ,9 ! only s5se t any?+ really is4 ,! re/ is no?+ b appe>ance4 ,:at we call ,evil1 y mean1 is no?+ b appe>ance4 ,yes4 ,y ?9k1 9 fact1 ) ! poet1 t 'all t is1 is good'8 ,yes1 he repli$1 all t really is4 ,ah6 ,i said1 b 9 t 'really' lies ! crux ( ! matt]4 ,take1 = in/ance1 a simple fact ( our own exp]i5ce--pa94 ,w\ld y say1 p]haps1 t pa9 is good8 ,no1 he repli$1 n z x appe>s to u2 b z x really is4 ,z x really is to :om1 or 9 :om8 ,to ! ,absolute1 we w say2 to ,god1 if y l4 ,well1 b :at is ! relation ( ! pa9 z x is 9 ,god to ! pa9 t appe>s to u8 ,i don't pret5d to "k1 he said1 b t is h>dly ! po9t4 ,! po9t is1 t x is only 9 connection ) :at is 9 ,god t ! ^w ,good has any real mean+4 ,appe>ance is nei!r good nor bad2 x is simply n real4 ,b1 cri$ ,audubon1 int]rupt+ 9 a k9d ( passion1 ,x is 9 appe>ance t we live & move & h our be+4 ,:at is ! use ( say+ t appe>ance is nei!r good nor bad1 :5 we are feel+ x z ! "o or ! o!r e mom5t ( our lives8 ,& z to ! ,good t is 9 ,god1 :o kn[s or c>es ab\t x8 ,:at consolation is x to me :5 ,i am suff]+ f ! too?a*e1 to be told t ,god is enjoy+ ! pa9 t tortures me8 ,x is simply absurd to call ,god's ,good good at all1 unless x has "s k9d ( relation to our ,good4 ,well1 said ,d5nis1 z to t1 ,i c only say t1 9 my op9ion1 x is no?+ b our weakness t leads u to take su* a view4 ,:5 ,i am really at my be/1 :5 my intellect & imag9ation are work+ freely1 & ! hum\rs & passions ( ! fle% are laid to re/1 ,i seem to see1 ) a k9d ( direct intuition1 t ! _w1 j z x is1 is good1 & t x is only ! confusion & obscurity due to imp]fect vision t makes u call x defective & wi% to alt] x = ! bett]4 ,:5 ,i p]ceive ,tru? at all1 ,i p]ceive t x is also ,good2 & ,i _c !n di/+ui% betwe5 :at is1 & :at ought to be4 ,really1 cri$ ,audubon1 really8 ,well1 t ,i _c und]/&4 ,i h>dly "k h[ to make x cle>1 he repli$1 unless x 7 by a concrete example4 ,i f9d t :5 ,i ?9k out any p>ticul> aspect ( ?+s1 s f>1 t is to say1 z ,i c ?9k x out at all1 all ! p>ts & details fall into su* p]fect ord] & arrangem5t t x becomes impossible = me any long] to desire t any?+ %\ld be o!r ?an x is4 ,& t1 ev5 9 ! regions :]e at o!r times ,i am mo/ prone to discov] error & defect4 ,y "k1 = in/ance1 t ,i am some?+ ( an economi/8 ,:at are y n8 ,i said4 ,if y s91 x is n f lack ( light6 ,well1 he cont9u$1 !re is1 ,i suppose1 no dep>tm5t ( affairs :i* "o is m incl9$ to criticise ?an ?is4 ,& yet ! m "o inve/igates ! m "o discov]s1 ev5 "h1 ! h>mony & necessity t p]vade ! :ole univ]se4 ,! ebb & fl[ ( bus9ess f ?is trade or c\ntry to t1 ! rise & fall ( wages1 or ( ! rate ( int]e/1 ! p\r+ ( capital into or out ( "o indu/ry or ano!r1 ! v>y+ relations ( imports to exports1 ! p]iods ( depression & recov]y1 & 9 close connection ) all ?is ! ev]-*ang+ conditions ( ! lives ( c\ntless workm5 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 _! well-be+ or ill-be+1 x may be _! v life & dea?1 toge!r ) ! :ole fate ( future g5]ations 9 heal?1 capacity1 opportunity1 & ! l1--all ?is complexus ( ?+s1 s *aotic & un9telligible at ! fir/ view1 s full1 z we say1 ( iniquity1 inju/ice1 & ! l1 falls1 z we p5etrate fur!r1 into "o va/ & h>moni\s sy/em1 s inspir+ to ! imag9ation1 s inevitable to ! und]/&+1 t our objections & cavill+s1 e?ical1 /hetic1 or :at y w1 simply vani% away at ! cle>] vision1 or1 if !y p]si/1 p]si/ z m]e irrelevant illusions2 :ile we ab&on ourselves to ! contemplation ( ! :ole1 z ( "s _w-symphony1 ^: dissonances1 no less ?an its concords1 are tak5 up & resolv$ 9 ! irresi/ible m>* & progress1 ! ocean-flood+ ( ! ,:ole4 ,y w ?9k1 he cont9u$1 t ,i am absurdly rhapsodical ov] :at1 aft] all1 is matt] prosaic en\gh2 b :at ,i want$ to sugge/ 0 t x is ,reality s conceiv$ t appeals to me at once z ,tru? & z ,good4 ,?is p>tial vision ( m9e 9 ! economic sph]e is a k9d ( type ( ! way 9 :i* ,i conceive ! ,absolute4 ,i conceive ,him to be a ,be+ necess>y & !re=e p]fect2 a ,be+ 9 face ( :om our own incoh]5t & t5tative criticisms1 our compla9ts t ?is or t %\ld1 if only x c\ld1 be o!rwise1 our regrets1 desires1 aspirations1 & ! l1 %ew b z s _m te/imonies to our own ess5tial imp]fection1 weaknesses to be surm\nt$1 r ?an signs ( wor? to /amp u1 z we va9ly boa/1 ! elect ( creation4 ,he f9i%$2 & ,i half expect$ t ,leslie w\ld int]v5e1 s9ce ,i saw1 z ,i ?\ght1 _m weak po9ts 9 ! position4 ,b he kept sil5ce1 impress$1 p]haps1 by t idea ( ! ,p]fect & ,et]nal :i* has a natural home 9 ! m9ds ( ! g5]\s & ! "y4 ,s ,i began myself r t5tatively3 ,i ?9k1 ,i said1 ,i und]/& ! position y wi% to indicate2 & s /at$1 9 g5]al t]ms1 no d\bt x is attractive4 ,x is :5 we endeav\r to "w x out 9 detail t ! difficulties appe>4 ,! position1 z ,i und]/& x1 is1 t1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,absolute1 :at we call ,evil & :at we call ,good simply h no exi/5ce4 ,good & ,evil1 9 our s5se1 are m]e appe>ances2 & ,good1 9 ! absolute s5se1 is id5tical ) ! ,absolute or ) ,god8 ,yes1 he said1 t is my notion4 ,& s1 = example1 to apply ! idea 9 detail1 9 ! region :i* y y\rself select$1 all t we regret1 or hate1 or fe> 9 our social sy/em--pov]ty1 disease1 />vation & ! re/--is n really evil at all1 does n 9 fact exi/1 b is m]ely :at appe>s to u8 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no social evil8 ,no1 he repli$1 9 ! s5se ,i h expla9$ !re is none4 ,well !n1 ,i cont9u$1 h[ is x ) all our social & o!r ideals8 ,our desire to make our own lives & o!r p's lives happi]8 ,our ef=ts to subdue nature1 to conqu] disease1 to introduce ord] & h>mony :]e !re appe>s to be discord & confusion8 ,h[ is x ) ^? f9] & less directly practical impulses by :i* y y\rself are ma9ly pre-occupi$--! que/ ( k or ( beauty = _! own sake1 ! m]e putt+ ( ourselves into "r relations ) ! univ]se1 ap>t f any attempt to modify x8 ,are all ^! desires & activities m]e illusions ( ours1 or worse ?an illusions1 errors & ev5 vices1 impi\s misappreh5sions ( ! absolutely ,good1 frivol\s attempts to adapt ! ,p]fect to our own imp]fections8 ,no1 he repli$1 ,i w\ld n put x s4 ,"s mean+1 ,i appreh5d1 !re mu/ be 9 "t & *ange1 & "s mean+ also 9 our ef=ts1 ?\gh n1 ,i believe1 ! mean+ :i* we imag9e4 ,! div9e life1 z ,i conceive x1 is a process2 only a process t is someh[ et]nal1 circul>1 s to speak1 n rectil9e>1 mu* z ,milton appe>s to imag9e x :5 he describes ! bless$ spirits 'progress+ ! dateless & irrevoluble circle ( et]nity'2 & ( ?is et]nal process our activity1 :i* we suppose to be mov+ t[>ds an end1 is someh[ or o!r an ess5tial elem5t4 ,s t1 9 ?is way1 x is necess>y & "r t we %\ld /rive aft] ideals2 only1 :5 we are ?9k+ philosophically1 we ought to make cle> to ourselves t 9 tru? ! ,ideal is et]nally fulfill$1 its fulfilm5t consi/+ precisely ,9 t process :i* we are apt to reg>d z a m]e means to its realization4 ,?is1 z ,hegel has x1 is ! 'cunn+' ( ! ,absolute ,reason1 :i* deludes u into ! belief t !re is a purpose to be atta9$1 & by ! help ( t delusion pres]ves t en]gy ( action :i* all ! "t is really itself ! ,end4 ,i look$ up at him z he f9i%$1 to see :e!r he 0 q s]i\s2 & z he appe>$ to be s1 & z ,leslie /ill kept sil5ce1 ,i took up ! argum5t z foll[s4 ,i und]/&1 ,i said1 9 a sort ( way :at y mean2 b /ill ! same difficulty recurs :i* ,audubon has already put =w>d4 ,on y\r hypo!sis !re seems to be an impassable gulf betwe5 ,god's conception ( ,good & ours4 ,to ,god1 z x seems1 ! _w is et]nally good2 & 9 its goodness is includ$ t illusion by :i* x appe>s to u s bad1 t we are cont9ually employ$ 9 try+ to make x bett]4 ,! ma9t5ance ( ?is illusion is ess5tial to ! nature ( ! _w2 to u1 evil always mu/ appe>4 ,b1 z we "k by exp]i5ce1 ! evil t appe>s is j z t]rible & j z hateful z x w\ld be if x really 74 ,a too?a*e1 z ,audubon put x1 is no less a pa9 to u because x is a pleasure to ,god4 ,we _c1 if we w\ld1 adopt ,8 po9t ( view2 & cle>ly x w\ld be impi\s to try1 s9ce we %\ld be endeav\r+ to defeat ,8 +5i\s plan to keep ! _w go+ by hoodw9k+ u4 ,we !re=e are *a9$ & b\nd to ! :irl+ :eel ( appe>ance2 to u :at seems good is good1 & :at seems bad1 bad2 & y\r cont5tion t all exi/5ce is someh[ et]nally good is = u simply irrelevant2 x belongs to ! po9t ( view ( ,god to :i* we h no access4 ,yes1 cri$ ,audubon1 & :at a ,god to call ,god at all6 ,:y n j z mu* ! devil8 ,:at are we to ?9k ( ! ,be+ :o is responsible = a _w ( ^: economy our evil is n m]ely an accid5t1 a mi/ake1 b positively an ess5tial1 insep>able condition6 ,:at1 inde$6 exclaim$ ,leslie4 ,call ,him ,god1 by all means1 if y l1 b su* a ,god z ,zeus 0 to ,prome!us1 omnipot5t1 inde$1 & able to exact ) infallible precision ,8 daily & h\rly toll ( blood & te>s1 b p[]less at lea/ to *a9 ! m9d ,he has creat$ free1 or to exact allegiance & homage f spirits great]1 ?\gh weak]1 ?an ,himself4 ,?is 0 ! sort ( talk1 ,i knew1 t r annoy$ ,d5nis4 ,i did n !re=e1 = ! mom5t1 leave him "t to reply1 b proce$$ to a some:at diff]5t po9t3 ,ev5 putt+ aside1 ,i said1 ! moral "* ( ,god1 z x appe>s 9 y\r s*eme ( ! univ]se1 mu/ we n p]haps accuse ,him ( a slight lapse ( intellig5ce8 ,=1 z ,i und]/& ! matt]1 x 0 ess5tial to ! success ( ! ,absolute's plan t we %\ld nev] discov] ! deception t is be+ play$ ^u u4 ,b1 x seems1 we d discov] x4 ,hegel1 = example1 by y\r own confession1 has n only detect$ b expos$ x4 ,well !n1 :at is to be done8 ,d y suppose t we c\ld1 ev5 if we w\ld1 cont9ue to l5d ourselves to ! imposition8 ,mu/ n our aims & purposes cease to h any int]e/ = u1 once we are cle> t !y are n true ends8 ,& t :i*1 accord+ to ! hypo!sis1 is ! true end1 ! 'dateless & irrevoluble circle' ( activity1 t1 surely1 we at lea/ _c sanction or approve1 see+ t x involves & p]petuates ! v mis]y & pa9 ^: de/ruction 0 our only motive = act+ at all4 ,=1 :atev] may be ! case ) ,god1 we1 y w surely admit1 are =bidd5 by all t 9 u is highe/ & be/1 to approve or ev5 to acquiesce 9 ! delib]ate p]petuation ( a _w ( ^: exi/5ce all t we call evil is an ess5tial & et]nal con/itu5t ,s t1 z ,i said at fir/1 x looks z if ! ,absolute ,reason _h n be51 aft] all1 q z cunn+ z x ?\ght1 s9ce x has all[$ u to discov] & expose ! v imposition x _h inv5t$ to *eat u into concurr5ce ) its plans4 ,d5nis laugh$ a little at ?is2 & !n1 ,well1 he began1 betwe5 y1 ) y\r g5ial irony1 & ,audubon & ,leslie ) _! heav5-defy+ rhetoric1 ,i sc>cely "k :e!r ,i /& on my head or my heels4 ,b1 ! fact is1 ,i ?9k ,i made a slip 9 /at+ my view2 or p]haps !re 0 really a lat5t contradiction 9 my m9d4 ,at any rate1 :at ,i believe1 :e!r or no ,i c believe x consi/5tly1 is t x is possible = u1 s to speak1 to take ,god's po9t ( view2 s t ! evil aga9/ :i* we rebel we may come at la/ to acquiesce 91 z se5 f ! high] po9t ( view4 ,&1 s]i\sly1 don't y ?9k x is conceivable t t may be1 aft] all1 ! true mean+ ( ! discipl9e ( life8 ,i _c tell1 ,i said1 p]haps x may4 ,b1 meantime1 all[ me to press home ! importance ( y\r admission4 ,=1 z y say1 !re is at lea/ "o ( our aims :i* has a real significance1 namely1 t ( rea*+ ! po9t ( view ( ,god4 ,b ?is is some?+ t lies 9 ! future1 some?+ to be br\ght ab\t4 ,& s1 on y\r own hypo!sis1 ,good1 aft] all1 w\ld n be t :i* et]nally exi/s1 b some?+ :i* has to be realiz$ 9 "t--namely1 a *ange ( m9d on ! "p ( all rational be+s1 :]eby !y view ! _w no long] 9 a p>tial imp]fect way1 b1 9 ,sp9oza's phrase1 'sub specie t]nitatis' ,no1 he said1 ,i _c admit t t is an end = ! ,absolute1 ?\gh ,i admit x is an end = u4 ,! ,absolute1 someh[ or o!r1 is et]nally p]fect & good2 & ?is et]nal p]fection & goodness are unaffect$ by any *ange t may take place 9 our m9ds4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i mu/ leave x to ! ,absolute & y\rself to settle h[ t c possibly be4 ,meantime1 ,i am cont5t ) y\r admission t1 = u1 at lea/1 !re is an end & a ,good ly+ be=e u to be realiz$ 9 ! future4 ,= t1 z ,i und]/&1 y d admit4 ,9 y\r own life1 = example1 ev5 if y aim at no?+ else1 or at no?+ else :i* y :olly approve1 yet y d aim1 at lea/1 ) y\r :ole nature at ?is--to atta9 a view ( ! _w z x may be conceiv$ 9 its ess5ce to be1 n m]ely z x appe>s to u4 ,yes1 he said1 ,i admit t is my aim4 ,t aim1 !n1 is y\r ,good8 ,i suppose s4 ,& x is some?+1 z ,i said1 t lies 9 ! future8 ,= y d n1 ,i suppose1 c\nt y\rself to h atta9$1 or at lea/ to h atta9$ z p]fectly z y hope to8 ,he agre$ aga94 ,well !n1 ,i cont9u$1 :at may be ! relation ( ?is ,good ( y\rs1 await+ realization 9 ! future1 to t et]nal ,good ( ,god 9 :i* y also believe1 we w res]ve1 ) y\r p]mission1 = "s future inquiry4 ,x is en\gh = our pres5t purpose t ev5 y1 :o ass]t ! et]nal p]fection ( ! _w1 d nev]!less at ! same "t admit a future ,good2 & mu* m d o!r m5 admit x1 :o h no idea t ! _w is p]fect at all4 ,s t we may1 ,i ?9k1 safely suppose x to be g5]ally agre$ t ! ,good is some?+ to be realiz$ 9 ! future1 s f>1 at any rate z x conc]ns u--&1 = my "p1 ,i h no desire to g f>!r ?an t4 ,well1 he said1 ,i am cont5t = ! pres5t to leave ! matt] s4 ,b ,i res]ve ! "r to g back ^u ! argum5t4 ,( c\rse6 ,i repli$1 = x is n1 ,i hope1 an argum5t1 b a discussion2 & a discussion n = victory b = tru?4 ,meantime1 !n1 let u take z a hypo!sis t ,good is some?+ to be br\ght ab\t2 & let u consid] next ! o!r po9t t ,is includ$ 9 y\r position4 ,accord+ to y1 z ,i und]/&1 :at requires to be br\ght ab\t1 if ev] ,good is to be realiz$1 is n any *ange 9 ! actual /uff1 s to speak1 ( ! _w1 9 ! /ructure1 z x 71 ( our exp]i5ce1 b only a *ange 9 our attitude t[>ds all ?is--a *ange 9 ! subject1 z !y say1 & n 9 ! object4 ,our aim %\ld be n to aboli% :at we call evil1 by successive modifications ( physical & social conditions1 b r1 all ^! rema9+ ess5tially ! same1 to come to see t :at appe>s to be evil is n really s4 ,yes1 he said1 t is ! view ,i w\ld sugge/4 ,s t1 = example1 ?\gh we might /ill exp]i5ce a too?a*e1 we %\ld no long] reg>d x z an evil2 & s ) all ! ho/ ( ?+s we are 9 ! habit ( call+ bad3 !y w\ld cont9ue un*ang$ '9 !mselves1' z y ,hegelians say1 only to u !y w\ld appe> no long] bad1 b good8 ,yes2 z ,i said at fir/1 all reality is good1 & all ,evil1 s-call$1 is m]ely illusion4 ,i 0 ab\t to reply :5 ,i 0 =e/all$ by ,b>tlett4 ,= "s "t pa/ ! discussion _h be5 left pretty mu* to ,d5nis & myself1 ) an occasional incursion f ,audubon & ,leslie4 ,ellis _h gone indoors2 ,p>ry & ,wilson 7 talk+ toge!r ab\t some?+ else2 & ,b>tlett appe>$ to be /ill absorb$ 9 ! ,*ronicle4 ,i notic$1 h[ev]1 t = ! la/ few mom5ts he _h be5 gett+ re/less1 & ,i suspect$ t he 0 li/5+1 beh9d 8 newspap]1 to :at we 7 say+4 ,i 0 n !re=e altoge!r surpris$ :51 ^u ,d5nis' la/ rem>k1 he sudd5ly broke into our debate ) ! exclamation2 ,w\ld x be' 9 ord]' to introduce a concrete example8 ,!re is a curi\sly apt "o "h 9 ! ,*ronicle4 ,& ^u our ass5t+1 he read u a long extract ab\t phosphorus-poison+1 ! details ( :i* ,i n[ =get1 b at any rate x br\ght be=e u1 v vividly1 a tale ( cruel suff]+ & oppression4 ,n[1 he said1 z he f9i%$1 is t1 may ,i ask1 ! k9d ( ?+ t x amuses y to call m]e illusion8 ,yes1 repli$ ,d5nis /\tly1 t w d v well = an example4 ,well1 he rejo9$1 ,i d n propose to dispute ab\t words2 b = my own "p ,i %\ld h ?\ght t1 if any?+ is real1 t is2 & s1 ,i ?9k1 y w\ld f9d x1 if y y\rself 7 ! suff]]4 ,b1 object$ ,d5nis1 d y ?9k t x is 9 ! mom5t ( suff]+ t "o is mo/ compet5t to judge ab\t ! reality ( pa98 ,c]ta9ly1 = x is only 9 ! mom5t ( suff]+ t "o really kn[s :at x is t "o is judg+ ab\t4 ,i am n sure ab\t t4 ,i d\bt :e!r x is true t exp]i5ce involves k & vice v]sa4 ,x is1 inde$1 to my m9d1 "p ( ! irony ( life1 t we "k s mu* :i* we c nev] exp]i5ce1 & exp]i5ce s mu* :i* we c nev] "k4 ,i don't foll[ t1 said ,b>tlett1 b ( "o ?+ ,i am sure1 t y w nev] get rid ( evil by call+ x illusion4 ,no1 ,d5nis conc$$1 y w nev] ( c\rse get rid ( x1 9 ! s5se y mean1 by t1 or inde$1 9 my op9ion1 by any o!r means4 ,b we 7 discuss+ n :at we are to d ) evil1 b h[ we are to conceive x4 ,b1 he object$1 if y beg9 by conceiv+ x z illusion1 y w nev] d any?+ ) x at all4 ,p]haps n1 b ,i am n sure t t is my bus9ess4 ,at any rate1 ,d5nis1 ,i int]pos$1 y w1 ,i expect1 admit1 t = u1 :ile we live 9 ! region ( :at y call ',appe>ance1' ,evil is at lea/ z press+ & z obvi\s z ,good4 ,yes1 he said1 ,i am ready to admit t4 ,&1 ,i cont9u$1 = my "p ,i agree ) ,b>tlett & ) ,leslie1 t x is ,appe>ance ) :i* we are conc]n$4 ,:at ,i h be5 cont5d+ = ?r\gh\t1 is t 9 ! _w 9 :i* we live 7:e!r we are to call x ,reality or ,appe>ance71 ,evil & ,good are ! really dom9at+ facts2 & t we _c dismiss !m f our consid]ation ei!r on ! gr\nd t we "k no?+ ( !m 7z ,ellis 0 incl9$ to ma9ta97 or on ! gr\nd t we "k all ab\t !m 7z ,p>ry & ,wilson seem$ to ?9k74 ,on ! contr>y1 x is1 ,i believe1 our ma9 bus9ess to f9d out ab\t !m2 & t we c f9d out ab\t !m is ) me an article ( fai?1 & s1 ,i believe1 x is ) mo/ p1 :e!r or no !y are aw>e ( x or are ready to admit x4 ,d5nis 0 prep>+ to reply1 :5 ,ellis reappe>$ to summon u to lun*4 ,we foll[$ him 9 gladly en\gh1 = x 0 pa/ our usual h\r & we 7 hungry2 & ! conv]sation naturally tak+ a light] turn1 ,i h no?+ fur!r to record until we reassembl$ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,:5 we reassembl$ = c(fee on ! loggia aft] lun*1 ,i did n suppose we %\ld cont9ue ! morn+'s discussion4 ,! conv]sation _h be5 turn+ mo/ly on climb+1 & o!r su* topics1 & f9ally _h di$ away into a long sil5ce1 :i*1 = my own "p1 ,i felt no p>ticul> incl9ation to break4 ,we _h let d[n an awn+ to %elt] u f ! sun1 :]e x began to %9e 9 ^u u1 s t x 0 /ill cool & pleasant :]e we sat2 & s delightful did ,i feel ! situation to be1 t ,i 0 almo/ vex$ to be *all5g$ to r5ew our int]rupt$ debate4 ,! *all5ge1 r to my surprise1 came f ,audubon1 :o sudd5ly said to me1 propos ( no?+1 9 a tone at once ironic & g5ial3 ,well1 ,i ?\ght y talk$ v well ?is morn+4 ,really6 ,i rejo9$1 ,i imag9$ y 7 ?9k+ x all great nons5se4 ,s no d\bt x 01 he repli$2 /ill1 x amus$ me to he> y4 ,i am glad ( t1 at any rate2 ,i 0 afraid p]haps y 7 bor$4 ,n at all4 ,( c\rse1 ,i c\ldn't fail to see t y w]5't arriv+ any:]e4 ,b t ,i nev] expect$4 ,9 fact1 :at amuses me mo/ ab\t y is1 ! way 9 :i* y cont9ue to hope t y're go+ to get at "s result4 ,b didn't we8 ,i don't see t y did4 ,y %[$1 or tri$ to %[1 t we mu/ believe 9 ,good2 b y made no attempt to discov] :at ,good is4 ,no1 ,i admitt$2 t1 ( c\rse1 is mu* m difficult4 ,exactly2 b x is ! only po9t ( importance4 ,well1 ,i said1 p]haps if we 7 to try1 we %\ld f9d t we c come to "s agreem5t ev5 ab\t t4 ,i don't believe x4 ,b :y n8 ,because p are s radically diff]5t1 t !re is no common gr\nd to build ^u4 ,b is ! diff]5ce really s radical z all t8 ,yes1 he said1 ,i ?9k s4 ,at any rate1 ! pro( ( ! pudd+ is 9 ! eat+1 & ,i make y an (f]4 ,"h are eight ( u1 all ,engli%m51 all contempor>ies1 all br\ght up m or less 9 ! same way4 ,& ,i v5ture to say t1 if y w raise ! "q1 y won't f9d1 ev5 among ourselves1 ) all ! *ances 9 y\r fav\r1 any sub/antial agreem5t ab\t :at we ?9k good4 ,?is direct *all5ge 0 r al>m+4 ,i didn't feel t ,i c\ld refuse to take x up1 b ,i 0 anxi\s to gu>d myself aga9/ ! consequ5ces ( failure4 ,s ,i began1 ) "s hesitation1 ,y mu/ rememb] t ,i h nev] ma9ta9$ t at any giv5 mom5t any giv5 set ( p w be f\nd to be 9 agreem5t on all po9ts4 ,all ,i v5tur$ to sugge/ 01 t in/ead ( our all be+ made1 z y cont5d1 radically diff]5t1 we h1 und]nea? our diff]5ces1 a common nature1 capable ( judg+1 & judg+ truly1 ab\t ,good1 ?\gh only on ! basis ( actual exp]i5ce ( ,good4 ,& on ?is view ,i %all1 ( c\rse1 expect to f9d diff]5ces ( op9ion1 correspond+ to diff]5ces ( exp]i5ce1 ev5 among p z mu* alike z ourselves2 only ,i %all n expect ! diff]5ces to be f9ally irreconcilable1 b t we %all be able to supplem5t & elucidate "o ano!r's conclusions by br++ to be> ea* 8 own exp]i5ce ^u t ( ! re/4 ,well1 he said1 we %all see4 ,i h invit$ y to make ! exp]im5t4 ,i am will+1 ,i repli$1 if x is agreeable to ! o!rs4 ,only ,i mu/ ask y to und]/& f ! beg9n+ precisely :at x is ,i am try+ to d4 ,i %all be m]ely describ+ to y :at ,i h be5 able to p]ceive1 ) su* exp]i5ce z ,i h _h1 9 ?is difficult matt]2 & y w judge1 all ( y1 :e!r or no1 & to :at ext5t1 y\r p]ceptions co9cide ) m9e1 ! object be+ simply to cle> up ^! p]ceptions ( ours1 if we c2 to def9e someh[1 z x 71 :at we h se51 9 ! hope ( com+ to see some?+ m4 ,!y agre$ to take me on my own t]ms1 & ,i 0 ab\t to beg91 :51 happ5+ to cat* ,d5nis' eye1 ,i sudd5ly felt disc\rag$4 ,aft] all1 ,i said1 ,i d\bt :e!r x's mu* use my mak+ ! attempt4 ,:y1 :at's ! matt]8 ,no?+1 ,i said4 ,at lea/--well1 ,i may z well confess x1 ?\gh x seems l giv+ away my :ole case4 ,! fact is1 t !re are c]ta9 q fundam5tal po9ts 9 ?is connection on :i* ,d5nis & ,i h nev] be5 able to agree2 & al?\gh ,i believe we %\ld 9 "t come to und]/& "o ano!r1 ,i d\bt :e!r we c d s "h & n[4 ,at any rate1 he doesn't look at all z if he meant to make x easy = me2 & if ,i _c c>ry him along ) me1 ,i suppose ,i may z well give up at once4 ,oh1 said ,audubon1 if t is all1 ,i w make a concession4 ,we w leave ,d5nis out ( ! reckon+4 ,x %all be en\gh if y c p]suade ! re/ ( u4 ,b1 ,i urg$1 ,i d\bt1 ev5 s1 :e!r ,d5nis w ev] all[ me to get to ! end4 ,y see1 he nev] lets ?+s pass if he doesn't happ5 to agree4 ,oh1 cri$ ,ellis1 x's all "r4 ,we w keep him 9 ord]4 ,d5nis laugh$4 ,y're dispos+ ( me1 he said1 9 a v easy mann]4 ,b p]haps ,i _h bett] g away altoge!r2 =1 if ,i /ay1 ,i c]ta9ly _c pl$ge myself n to int]rupt4 ,no1 ,i said1 t seems h>dly fair4 ,:at ,i propose is1 t we %\ld bo? try to be z conciliatory z we c4 ,& !n1 by ! process ( 'give & take1' ,i %all p]haps slip pa/ y )\t any really sc&al\s concession on ei!r side4 ,well1 he said1 y c try4 ,s1 aft] ca/+ ab\t 9 my m9d1 ,i began1 ) "s hesitation1 z foll[s3 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 t ,i want to say is ?is3 ,good1 z x seems to me1 necess>ily involves "s =m ( consci\s activity4 ,z ,i _h expect$1 ,d5nis int]rupt$ me at once4 ,i don't see t at all1 he said4 ,consci\sness may h no?+ to d ) x4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 x may n1 ,i repli$1 ) all ! suavity ,i c\ld comm&4 ,i %\ld r h said t ,i1 z a matt] ( fact1 c =m no idea ( ,good except 9 connection ) consci\sness4 ,c y n8 he exclaim$1 b ,i c6 ,if a ?+ is good x's good1 s x appe>s to me1 :e!r or no !re is any consci\sness ( x4 ,b1 ,i said1 ,i1 y see1 myself1 h no exp]i5ce ( any?+ exi/+ ap>t f consci\sness1 s x is difficult = me to "k :e!r su* a ?+ w\ld be good or no4 ,b y1 p]haps1 are diff]5tly con/itut$4 ,n 9 t po9t1 he repli$4 ,i admit1 ( c\rse1 t !re is no exp]i5ce )\t consci\sness4 ,b we c surely conceive t ( :i* we h no exp]i5ce8 ,& ,i %\ld h ?\ght x 0 cle> t ,good1 l ,tru?1 is1 :e!r or no anyone is aw>e ( x4 ,or w\ld y say t #b #b #d is only true :5 someone is ?9k+ ( x8 ,z to t1 ,i repli$1 ,i w\ld r n say any?+ ab\t x j n[4 ,on ! logical po9t y may be "r2 b t1 ,i ?9k1 ne$ n at pres5t deta9 u1 because :at ,i am try+ to get at1 = ! mom5t1 is some?+ r diff]5t4 ,i w put x l ?is3 ,good1 if x is to be conceiv$ z an object ( human action1 mu/ be conceiv$1 mu/ x n1 z an object ( consci\sness8 ,= o!rwise d y ?9k we %\ld tr\ble to pursue x8 ,i don't "k1 he said1 :e!r we %\ld2 b p]haps we ought to4 ,b1 ,i urg$1 d y really ?9k we ought8 ,d y ?9k1 to take an example1 t x c\ld be a possible or a "r aim = an arti/1 say1 to be p]petually produc+1 9 a /ate ( complete unconsci\sness1 works :i* on completion %\ld be imm$iately h]metically seal$ & buri$ = all et]nity at ! bottom ( ! sea8 ,d y ?9k t he c\ld or ought to consid] su* production z a ,good8 ,& s ) all ! works ( man4 ,d we1 & really ought we to1 d any?+ except ) "s ref]5ce to consci\sness8 ,i don't "k :e!r we d1 he repli$1 b ,i ?9k x q possible t we ought4 ,well1 ,i said1 we %all n1 ,i suppose1 j n[1 come to a clos] agreem5t ,b is !re anyone else :o %>es y\r view8 =1 if n1 ,i w1 ) y\r p]mission1 g on to ! next po9t ,none spoke1 & ,d5nis made no fur!r opposition4 ,s1 aft] a pause1 ,i proce$$ z foll[s3 ,i %all assume1 !n1 t ,good1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i am conceiv+ x1 z an end ( human action1 involves "s k9d ( consci\s activity4 ,& ! next "q w\ld seem to be1 activity ( :om8 ,t1 at any rate1 said ,leslie1 appe>s to be simple en\gh4 ,x mu/ be an activity ( "s p]son or p]sons4 ,once m1 murmur$ ,d5nis1 ,i prote/4 ,b ?is "t ,i v5tur$ to ignore him1 & m]ely said1 9 answ] to ,leslie1 ,! "q1 !n1 w be1 :at p]sons8 ,:y1 he repli$1 ourselves1 ,i suppose6 ,:at d y say1 ,p>ry8 ,i ask$4 ,i don't q und]/&1 he repli$1 ! k9d ( way y put y\r que/ions4 ,b my own idea has always be51 :at ,i suppose is mo/ p's n[1 t ! ,good we are work+ = is t ( "s future g5]ation4 ,at ?is ,leslie made "s in>ticulate int]jection1 :i* ,i ?\ght x bett] to ignore4 ,&1 answ]+ ,p>ry1 ,i said1 ,suppose1 !n1 we 7 to make a beg9n+ by exam9+ y\r hypo!sis4 ,by all means1 he said1 ?\gh ,i %\ld h ?\ght we %\ld all h accept$ x--unless1 p]haps1 x 7 ,d5nis4 ,i mo/ c]ta9ly don't6 cri$ ,leslie4 ,nor ,i1 add$ ,audubon4 ,oh y6 cri$ ,p>ry1 y accept no?+6 ,true2 he repli$1 my motto is 'j'att5ds4' ,well1 ,i resum$1 let u foll[ ! argum5t & see :]e x leads u4 ,! hypo!sis is1 t ,good involves "s /ate ( activity ( "s g5]ation indef9itely remote4 ,is n t s1 ,p>ry8 ,yes1 he said1 & "o c m or less def9e :at ! /ate ( activity1 z y call x1 w be4 ,( c\rse1 int]pos$ ,ellis1 x w be "o ( het]og5e\s1 co-ord9ate1 coh]5t---- ,t1 ,i int]rupt$1 is n at pres5t ! "q4 ,! "q is m]ely z to ! location ( ,good4 ,accord+ to ,p>ry1 x is locat$ 9 ?is p>ticul> remote g5]ation1 &1 ,i suppose1 9 ^? t foll[ x4 ,b n[1 :at ab\t all ! o!r g5]ations1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w onw>d8 ,good1 x w\ld seem1 c h no mean+ = !m1 s9ce x is ! special privilege ( ^? :o come aft] !m4 ,oh1 yes1 x has6 he repli$1 = x is _! bus9ess to br+ x ab\t1 n inde$ = !mselves1 b = _! successors4 ,b1 cri$ ,leslie1 :at an absurd idea6 ,c\ntless myriads ( m5 & wom5 are born ^u ! e>?1 live ?r\gh _! complex lives ( action & suff]+1 pleasure & pa91 hopes1 fe>s1 satisfactions1 aspirations1 & ! l1 pursu+ :at !y call ,good1 & avoid+ :at !y call ,bad1 "u ! naf impression t !re is ,good & ,bad = !m--& yet ! significance ( all ?is is n really = !mselves at all1 b = "s q o!r p :o w h ! luck to be born 9 ! remote future1 & = ^: sake alone _! fell[-creatures1 f ! v beg9n+ ( "t1 h be5 br\ght into be+ l s _m lifeless tools1 to be us$ up & laid aside1 :5 done )1 on ! black inf9ite a%-heap ( ! dead4 ,oh1 come6 said ,p>ry1 y exagg]ate6 ,^! tools1 z y call !m1 h a good en\gh "t4 ,x does n foll[1 because ! f9al ,good lies 9 ! future1 t ! pres5t has no ,good at all4 ,x has j z mu* ,good z p c get out ( x4 ,b !n1 said ,leslie1 9 t case x is ?is ,good ( _! own ) :i* ea* g5]ation is really conc]n$4 ,s f> z !y d get ,good at all !y get x z an activity 9 !mselves4 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,ellis2 & = my own "p1 ,i am sick ( t cant ( liv+ = future g5]ations4 ,let u1 at lea/1 live = ourselves1 :e!r we live well or badly4 ,well1 repli$ ,p>ry1 r /iffly1 ( c\rse e "o has 8 own ideas4 ,b ,i confess t1 = my own "p1 ! m5 ,i admire are ^? :o h sacrific$ !mselves = ! future4 ,b1 ,p>ry1 ,i int]pos$1 let u get cle> ab\t ?is2 & ) a view to cle>ness let u take our own case4 ,we1 z ,i und]/& y1 h to keep 9 view a d\ble ,good3 fir/1 a ,good = ourselves1 :i* is n inde$ ! p]fect ,good 7= t is res]v$ = a future g5]ation71 b /ill is some?+ ,good z f> z x goes--:e!r x be a c]ta9 degree ( happ9ess1 or h[ev] else we may h to def9e x2 & z to ?is ,good1 !re appe>s to be no difficulty1 = we :o pursue x are also ! p :o get x ,t is s1 is x n8 ,he agre$4 ,b n[1 ,i cont9u$1 we come to ! po9t ( dispute4 ,= besides ?is ,good ( our own1 we h also1 accord+ to ! !ory1 to consid] a ,good 9 :i* we h no %>e1 t ( ^? :o are to be born 9 "s indef9ite future4 ,& to ?is remote & ali5 ,good we h ev51 on occasion1 to sacrifice our own4 ,c]ta9ly1 he said1 all good citiz5s w ?9k s4 ,i believe1 ,i admitt$1 t !y w4 ,& yet1 h[ /range x seems6 ,= consid] x 9 ?is way4 ,imag9e t ! successive g5]ations c someh[ be view$ z contemporane\s--be+ project$1 z x 71 f ! plane ( "t into t ( space4 ,x's r h>d1 he said1 to imag9e t4 ,well1 b try1 = ! sake ( argum5t2 & consid] :at we %all h4 ,we %all h a society divid$ into two classes1 compos$1 ! "o ( all ! g5]ations :o1 if !y foll[$ "o ano!r 9 "t1 w\ld prec$e ! fir/ mill5>ian "o2 ! o!r ( all ! mill5>ian-g5]ations !mselves4 ,& ( ^! two classes ! fir/ w\ld be p]petually engag$ 9 work+ = ! second1 sacrific+ to x1 if ne$ be1 on occasion1 all its own ,good1 b )\t any hope or prospect ( ev] ent]+ itself into t o!r ,good :i* is ! monopoly ( ! o!r class1 b to ! production ( :i* its own ef=ts are direct$4 ,:at %\ld we say ( su* a society8 ,%\ld we n say t x 0 f\nd$ on inju/ice & inequality1 & all ^? o!r phrases ) :i* we are wont to d5\nce a sy/em ( s]fdom or slav]y8 ,b1 he object$1 y\r projection ( "t into space has falsifi$ ! :ole situation4 ,= 9 fact ! mill5>ian g5]ation w\ld n come into be+ until ! o!rs _h ceas$ to be2 & !re=e ! latt] w\ld n be be+ sacrific$ to x4 ,no1 ,i said1 b !y w\ld h be5 sacrific$2 & surely x comes to ! same ?+8 ,i am n sure1 he repli$1 & anyh[1 ,i don't ?9k sacrifice is ! "r ^w4 ,9 a society e man's int]e/ is 9 ! ,:ole2 & :5 he works = ! ,:ole he is also work+ = himself4 ,no d\bt t is true1 ,i repli$1 9 a society prop]ly con/itut$1 b ,i "q :e!r x w\ld be true 9 su* a society z ,i h describ$4 ,& !n !re is a fur!r difficulty--& "h1 ,i confess1 my projection ( "t into space really does falsify ! issue2 = 9 ! succession ( g5]ations 9 "t1 :]e is ! ,:ole8 ,ea* g5]ation comes into be+1 passes1 & disappe>s2 b h[1 or 9 :at1 are !y summ$ up8 ,:y1 he said1 9 a s5se !y are all summ$ up 9 ! la/ g5]ation4 ,b 9 :at s5se8 ,d y mean t _! consci\sness someh[ p]si/s into x1 s t !y actually enjoy its ,good8 ,( c\rse n1 he said1 b ,i mean t x 0 condition$ by !m1 & is ! result ( _! lab\r & activities4 ,9 t s5se1 ,i repli$1 y might say t ! oy/]s ,i eat are summ$ up 9 me4 ,b x w\ld be a poor consolation to ! oy/]s6 ,well1 he rejo9$1 :atev] y may say1 ,i /ill ?9k x "r t ea* g5]ation %\ld sacrifice itself 7z y call x7 = ! next4 ,& s1 ,i believe1 w\ld y1 :5 x came to ! po9t4 ,at any rate1 ,i h (t5 he>d y inveigh aga9/ ! %ortsight$ness ( mod]n politicians1 & _! unwill+ness to run great risks & und]take great lab\rs = ! future4 ,q true1 ,i said1 t is ! view ,i take4 ,b ,i 0 try+ to see h[ ! view c\ld be ju/ifi$4 ,= x seems to me1 ,i confess1 t we c only be expect$ to lab\r = :at is1 9 "s s5se or o!r1 our own ,good2 & ,i d n see h[ ! ,good ( future g5]ations1 9 y\r way ( putt+ x1 is also ours4 ,b1 he said1 we h an in/9ct t x is4 ,i believe we h1 ,i repli$1 b ! "q w\ld be1 :at t in/9ct really means4 ,someh[ or o!r1 ,i ?9k x mu/ mean1 z y y\rself sugge/$1 t our ,good is ! ,good ( ! ,:ole4 ,only ! difficulty is to see h[ !re is a ,:ole at all4 ,well1 he said1 p]haps !re is no ,:ole4 ,:at !n8 ,:y1 !n1 ,i repli$1 h[ c we ju/ify an in/9ct :i* bids u lab\r & sacrifice ourselves = a ,good1 :i*1 on ?is hypo!sis1 has no significance = u1 b only = o!r p4 ,p]haps1 he said1 we _c ju/ify x1 b ,i am sure we ought to obey x2 &1 inde$1 ,i believe we _c d o!rwise4 ,ev5 tak+ ! view t ! ord] ( ! _w is altoge!r unju/1 z ,i admit x w\ld be on ! view we are consid]+1 yet1 s9ce we _c rem$y ! inju/ice1 we are b\nd at lea/ to make ! be/ ( x2 & ! be/ we c d is to prep>e ! ,good = ^? :o come aft] u1 ev5 ?\gh we c nev] ent] into x ourselves4 ,i am n s sure ab\t t1 ,ellis int]rupt$1 ,i ?9k ! be/ we c d is to try & realize ,good = ourselves--z mu* z we c get1 ev5 if we admit t ?is is b little4 ,= we d at lea/ "k1 or may hope to discov]1 :at ,good = ourselves is2 :]eas ,good = o!r p is f> m hypo!tical4 ,b1 surely1 he object$1 t w\ld lead to action we _c approve--to a sacrifice ( all l>g] ,goods to our own pleasure ( ! mom5t4 ,we %\ld bre$1 = example1 )\t any reg>d to ! future efficacy ( ! race---- ,t1 int]rupt$ ,ellis1 we d z x is4 ,yes1 b we don't ju/ify x--^? ( u1 at lea/1 :o ?9k4 ,&1 aga91 we %\ld squ&] on imm$iate gratifications weal? :i* ought to be /or$ up aga9/ ! future4 ,& s on1 & s on2 x is n necess>y to multiply examples4 ,b1 ,i object$1 we %\ld only d ^! ?+s if we ?\ght t k9d ( %ort-sight$ activity to be good2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 we d n1 we :o object to x4 ,& t is because1 z ,i h9t$ be=e1 our idea ( ev5 our own ,good is t ( an activity 9 & = ! ,:ole1 & n m]ely 9 & = ourselves4 ,&1 :e!r x is reasonable or no1 we _c help ext5d+ ! idea ( ! ,:ole1 s z to include future g5]ations4 ,b1 z x seems to me1 ! real mean+ & ju/ification ( our action is n m]ely t we are seek+ ! ,good ( future g5]ations b t we are endeav\r+ to realize our own ,good1 :i* consi/s 9 "s su* =m ( activity4 ,s t really1 z 0 sugge/$ at ! beg9n+1 ,good w be a k9d ( activity 9 ourselves1 ev5 ?\gh t activity be direct$ t[>ds ends 9 :i* we d n expect to %>e4 ,at ?is po9t1 ,d5nis1 :o _h be5 /ruggl+ to speak1 broke 9 at la/1 9 spite ( ,ellis's ef=ts to re/ra9 him4 ,:y d y keep say+ ',our ,good'8 he cri$4 ,:y d y n say ! ,good8 ,i c't und]/& ?is talk ( me & !e1 our ,good1 & _! ,good1 z if !re 7 z _m ,goods z !re are p4 ,well1 ,i said1 ! di/9ction1 aft] all1 0 introduc$ by ,p>ry1 :o said t we ought to aim at ! ,good ( a future g5]ation4 ,/ill1 ,i admit t ,i 0 gett+ a little unhappy myself at ! k9d ( language into :i* ,i 0 betray$4 ,b :at ,i want to say is ?is3 ,s f> z x is true at all t x is good to lab\r = future g5]ations1 goodness consi/s 9 ! activity ( s lab\r+1 z mu*1 at lea/1 z 9 ! result produc$ 9 ^? = ^: sake ! lab\r is4 ,t1 at lea/1 is ! only way 9 :i* ,i c f9d ! position reasonable at all4 ,i don't see x1 said ,p>ry1 & 0 prep>+ to re-/ate 8 position1 :5 ,wilson sudd5ly int]v5$ ) a new tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,! fact is1 he said1 y h begun altoge!r at ! wrong end4 ,i d>esay1 ,i said1 ,i c't f9d ! end2 x's all su* a coil4 ,well1 he said1 ?is is :]e ,i believe ! tr\ble came 94 ,y />t$ ) ! idea t ! ,good mu/ be good = individuals2 & t 0 sure to l& y 9 confusion4 ,:at !n is y\r idea8 ,i ask$4 ,:y1 he said1 z y might expect f a biologi/1 ,i reg>d ev]y?+ f ! po9t ( view ( ! species4 ,at ?is ,i saw ,ellis sit up & prep>e = an enc\nt]4 ,nature1 cont9u$ ,wilson1 has always 9 view ! ,:ole n ! ,"p1 ! species n ! individual4 ,& ?is law1 :i* is true ( ! :ole creation1 is ?r[n into special relief 9 ! case ( man1 because !re ! int]e/ ( ! species is embodi$ 9 a p>ticul> =m--! ,society or ! ,/ate--& may be cle>ly envisag$1 z a ?+ ap>t1 t[>ds ! ma9t5ance ( :i* consci\s ef=ts may be direct$4 ,& ?is1 :i* is ! end ( ,nature1 accord+ to y1 is also ! ,good8 ,naturally4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i w n recapitulate "h ! objections ,i h already urg$ aga9/ ! view t ! c\rse ( ,nature det]m9es ! cont5t ( ! ,good4 ,=1 q ap>t f t1 x is a view :i* _m p hold--& "o :i* 0 held long be=e !re 0 a sci5ce ( biology--t ! community is ! end1 & ! individual only ! means4 ,b1 he said1 biology has giv5 a new basis & a new col\r to ! view4 ,i don't "k ab\t t1 cri$ ,ellis1 unable any long] to re/ra9 himself1 b ,i am sure x has giv5 u a new k9d ( language4 ,9 ! old days1 :5 ,wilson's op9ion 0 repres5t$ by ,plato1 m5 7 /ill m51 & 7 spok5 ( z su*1 h[ev] mu* !y might be subord9at$ to ! community4 ,b n[6--:y1 if y op5 "o ( ^! sociological books1 mo/ly1 ,i am b\nd to say1 9 ,g]man1 ',entwurf e9] ,sozial-an?ropologie1' ',v]su* e9] an?ropologis*5 ,d>/ellung d] m5s*li*5 ,gesells*aft vom ,sozial-biologis*5 ,/&punkt aus1' & ! l--y w h>dly be able to realize t y are deal+ ) human be+s at all4 ,i h se5 an unm>ri$ woman call$ a 'female non-*ildbe>+ human4' ,& at ! wor/1 m5 actually cease to be ev5 animals2 !y become m]e numb]s2 !y are calculat$ by ! !ory ( comb9ations2 !y are masses1 av]ages1 classes1 curves1 any?+ b m56 ,= e million ( ! population1 x has be5 solemnly e/imat$1 !re w be "o g5ius1 "o imbecile1 #bef1gia individuals j above ! mean1 #bef1gia j bel[ x6 ,obs]ve1 #bef1gia6 ,n1 z "o might h be5 tempt$ to believe1 #bef1gij6 ,:at a sav+ grace 9 t odd unit6 ,& ?is is ! k9d ( ?+ t is revolutioniz+ hi/ory & politics6 ,no m great m51 no m h]oic actions1 no m inspirations1 passions1 & ideals6 ,no?+ b calculations ( ! *ances t ,a w meet & bre$ out ( ,b6 ,no?+ b analysis ( ! me*anism ( survival6 ,no?+ b---- ,my de> ,ellis1 int]rupt$ ,wilson1 y appe> to me to be digress+4 ,digress+6 he cri$ ,w\ld t ,i c\ld digress out ( ?is _w altoge!r6 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld digress to a planet :]e !y h no ari?metic6 ,:]e a man c\ld be a man1 n a figure 9 an addition sum1 a unit 9 an av]age1 an individual 9 a species---- ,:]e1 exclaim$ ,audubon1 tak+ him up1 a man c\ld be himself1 z ,i h (t5 said1 'imp]ial1 pla91 & true4' ,!re 0 a *orus ( prote/ation at ! too famili> quotation2 & = a "t ,i 0 unable to lay hold ( ! brok5 ?read ( ! argum5t4 ,b at la/ ,i got a he>+ = ! "q ,i 0 anxi\s to address to ,wilson4 ,y say1 ,i began1 t by ,good we mean ! ,good ( ! community8 ,i say1 he repli$1 t t is :at we ought to mean4 ,b 9 :at s5se d y und]/& ! ^w community8 ,9 ! s5se ( t organization ( individuals :i* repres5ts1 s to speak1 ! species4 ,h[ repres5ts8 ,9 ! s5se t x is its function to ma9ta9 & p]fect ! species4 ,b is t ! function ( ! community8 ,if x is n1 x ought to be2 & to a great ext5t x is4 ,if y look at ! social me*anism1 n ) ! eyes ( a m]e hi/orian1 :o usually sees no?+1 b ) ^? ( a biologi/ & man ( sci5ce1 int5t ^u ess5tials1 y w f9d t x is no?+ b an elaborate app>atus ( selection1 natural or artificial1 z y l to call x4 ,fir/1 !re is ! /ruggle ( races1 :i* may be trac$ n only 9 w> & conque/1 b m insidi\sly "u ! guise ( peace1 s t1 = example1 at ?is day y may witness ?r\gh\t ,europe ! gradual ext9ction ( ! long-head$ fair by ! r\nd-head$ d>k /ock4 ,!n !re is ! /ruggle ( nation ) nation1 result+ 9 ! gradual elim9ation ( ! weak]--t1 ( c\rse1 is obvi\s en\gh2 b :at is n always s cle>ly se5 is ! n less c]ta9 fact1 t )9 ! limits ( ea* society ! same process is ev]y:]e at "w4 ,to pass ov] ! economic /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ( :i* we are p]haps suffici5tly aw>e1 :at else is our sy/em ( exam9ations b a me*anism ( selection1 :]eby x is det]m9$ t c]ta9 p]sons only %all h access to c]ta9 pr(essions8 ,:at else is ! conv5tion :]eby m>riages are conf9$ to p ( ! same class1 ?us secur+ ! p]petuation ( c]ta9 types1 & especially ( ! bett]-gift$ & bett]-dispos$8 ,turn :]e we may we f9d ! same ph5om5on4 ,society is a ma*9e = sift+ out ! v>i\s elem5ts ( ! race1 comb9+ ! l1 disp>t+ ! unlike1 br++ "s to ! top1 o!rs to ! bottom1 pres]v+ ^!1 elim9at+ ^?1 indiff]5t to ! fate1 good or bad1 ( ! individuals x controls1 b envisag+ always ! well-be+ ( ! ,:ole4 ,b1 ,i object$1 is x s c]ta9 t x is well-be+ t is kept 9 view8 ,d y n recognize a process ( det]ioration z well z ( improvem5t8 ,y m5tion$1 = in/ance1 t ! long-head$ fair race1 is giv+ place to :at ,i und]/& is reg>d$ z an inf]ior type4 ,no d\bt1 he admitt$1 !re are p]iods ( decl9e4 ,/ill1 on ! :ole1 ! movem5t is an upw>d "o4 ,well1 ,i repli$1 t1 aft] all1 is n ! "q we are at pres5t discuss+4 ,y\r ma9 po9t is1 t :5 we speak ( ,good we mean1 or %\ld mean1 ! ,good1 n ( ! individual1 b ( ! species4 ,b :at1 ,i %\ld l to "k1 is ! species8 ,is x someh[ an entity1 or be+1 t x has a ,good8 ,no1 he repli$1 x is m]ely1 ( c\rse1 a g5]al "n = ! individuals2 only = all ! individuals tak5 toge!r1 n "o by "o or 9 gr\ps4 ,! ,good ( ! species1 !n1 is ! ,good ( all ! individuals tak5 toge!r4 ,yes4 ,b ,i said1 h[ c t be8 ,x is good = ! species1 accord+ to y1 t c]ta9 individuals %\ld be elim9at$1 or %\ld s9k to ! bottom1 or :atev] else _! fate may be4 ,b is t also good = ! individual 9 "q8 ,i don't "k ab\t t1 he repli$1 & ,i don't see t x matt]s4 ,i only say t x is good = ! species4 ,b !y are "p ( ! species2 s t if x is good = ! species x is good = !m4 ,no6 = ! ,good ( ! species consi/s 9 ! selection ( ! be/ individuals4 ,x is indiff]5t to all ! re/ ,!n by ! ,good ( ! species y mean ! good ( ! select$ individuals8 ,n exactly2 ,i mean x is good t ^? individuals %\ld be select$4 ,b good = :om1 if n = !m8 ,= ! individuals :o are elim9at$8 ,or = y :o look on8 ,or p]haps1 = ,god8 ,god6 ,no6 ,i mean good1 simply good4 ,i'm afraid ,i don't und]/&1 ,i said4 ,does ,good !n hang1 z x 71 9 ! air1 be+ ,good = nobody at all8 ,well1 if y l1 we w say x is good = ,nature4 ,b is ,nature1 !n1 a consci\s be+8 ,i don't say t ,i am v sorry1 ,i said1 b really ,i _c und]/& y4 ,if y reject ,god1 ,i see only two alt]natives rema9+4 ,ei!r ! ,good y speak ( is t ( all ! individuals ( ! species tak5 toge!r1 or x is t ( ! be/ individuals2 & 9 ei!r case ,i seem to see difficulties4 ,:at difficulties8 ask$ ,p>ry4 ,= ,wilson did n speak4 ,:y1 ,i said1 tak+ ! fir/ alt]native1 ,i d n see h[ x c be good = ! inf]ior individuals to be degrad$ or elim9at$4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght1 if !re 7 any ,good = !m1 x w\ld consi/ 9 _! be+ made bett]4 ,i don't see t1 object$ ,d5nis2 x might be ! be/ possible ?+1 = !m1 to be elim9at$4 ,b 9 t case1 ,i said1 ! be/ possible ?+ w\ld be abs5ce ( ,bad1 n ,good4 ,& s f> z we c\ld talk ( ,good at all1 we c\ld n apply x to !m8 ,p]haps n ,well !n1 9 t case we h to fall back ^u ! o!r alt]native1 & say t by ! ,good ( ! species we mean t ( ! ultimately select$ individuals4 ,well1 :at !n8 ,:y1 !n1 we return1 d we n1 to ! position ( ,p>ry1 t ! ,good is t ( "s p>ticul> g5]ation8 ,& !re1 too1 we 7 met by difficulties4 ,s t altoge!r ,i d n really see :at mean+ to atta* to ,wilson's conception4 ,!re is no mean+ to be atta*$ to x6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,! species is a m]e scre5 inv5t$ to conceal ! massacre ( individuals4 ,i'm sick ( ^! biologico-sociologico-an?ropologico-hi/o rico treatises1 ) _! talk ( races1 ( nations1 ( classes1 nev] ( m56 _! prate ab\t laws z if !y 7 ! real entities1 & ! p :o are suppos$ to be subject to !m m]e indiff]5t p>ticles ( /uff6 _! analysis ( ! p]fection ) :i* ! ma*9e works1 its comb9ations1 diff]5tiations1 subord9ations1 co-ord9ations1 & all ! o!r abom9ations ( desolations /&+ :]e !y ought n1 z depress+ to ! m9d z !y are cacophon\s to ! e>6 &1 wor/ ( all1 _! impud5t dem& t we %\ld admire ! diabolical process6 ,admire6 ,z ?\gh we %\ld be ask$ to admire ! beauty ( ! rack & ! ?umbscrew6 ,x's a matt] ( ta/e1 no d\bt1 said ,wilson1 b 9 me ! spectacle ( natural law does awak5 feel+s ( admiration4 ,9 me1 repli$ ,ellis1 x awak5s1 j z (t51 feel+s ( disgu/1 & especially :5 its !atre is human life4 ,at any rate1 :e!r y admire x or n1 ! spectacle is !re4 ,no d\bt1 if y *oose to look at x2 b :y %\ld y8 ,x's n a good drama2 x isn't up to date2 x has no fir/-h& k1 nor orig9al vision ( life4 ,x simply ignores all ! important facts4 ,:i* d y call ! important facts8 ,:y1 ( c\rse1 ! emotions2 ! hopes1 fe>s1 aspirations1 sympa?ies & ! re/6 ,!re's m valuable in=mation conta9$ 9 ev5 an inf]ior novel t 9 all ! sociological treatises t ev] h be5 or w be writt54 ,oh1 come6 cri$ ,p>ry4 ,i assure y1 repli$ ,ellis1 ,i am s]i\s4 ,take1 = example1 ^! un=tunate creatures :o are 9 process ( elim9ation4 ,to ! sociologi/ _! elim9ation is _! only raison d'tre4 ,he cancels !m out ) ! same delight z if !y 7 figures 9 a complex fraction4 ,b pick up any novel deal+ ) ! life ( ! slums1 & y f9d t ^! figures are really compos$ ( innum]able individual units1 exi/+ ea* = himself1 & ea* 8 own suffici5t ju/ification1 ea* a sacr$ book compris+ its own unique secret1 a ma/]-piece ( ! div9e trag$ian1 a univ]se self-mov$ & self-conta9$1 a c5tre ( inf9ity1 a mirror ( totality1 9 a ^w1 a human s\l4 ,all t ,i altoge!r d5y1 said ,wilson1 b1 ev5 if x 7 true1 x w\ld n affect ! sociological laws4 ,i don't say x w\ld4 ,i only say t ! sociological laws are z unimportant1 if possible1 z ! law ( gravitation4 ,:i*1 repli$ ,wilson1 may be reg>d$ z a r$uctio ad absurdum ( y\r view4 ,anyh[1 ,i int]pos$1 we are digress+ f our po9t4 ,:at ,i really want to "k is :e!r ,wilson has any m light to ?r[ on my difficulties ) reg>d to 8 notion ( ! species4 ,i h no?+ m to say1 he repli$1 ?an ,i h said already4 ,b ,i h6 cri$ ,d5nis1 & some?+ v mu* to ! po9t4 ,y see n[ ! absurdities into :i* y are l$ by ! position y insi/$ on assum+1 t ,good involves consci\s activity4 ,if x does1 z y rightly inquir$ 7?\gh ) a suicidal audacity71 consci\s activity 9 :om8 ,& to t "q1 ( c\rse1 y c f9d no answ]4 ,& yet1 ,i said1 endeav\r+ to turn ! tables ^u him1 ,i h kn[n y to ma9ta9 y\rself t ,good n m]ely involves1 b is1 a consci\s activity2 only an activity 9 or ( ,god4 ,r1 he repli$1 t x is ,god4 ,b ,i don't really "k :e!r we ought to call ,god a consci\s activity4 ,:atev] ,he or ,x be1 is some?+ t transc5ds our imag9ation4 ,only ! ?+s we call good are someh[ reflexes ( ,god2 & we h to accept !m z su* )\t fur!r inquiry4 ,at any rate1 we h no "r to endeav\r1 z y keep do+1 to locate ,good 9 "s individual p]sons4 ,well1 ,i said1 "h we come aga9 to a fundam5tal diff]5ce ( view4 ,all ! ,good ( :i* ,i am aw>e z actually exi/+ is associat$1 someh[ or o!r1 ) p]sonal consci\sness4 ,i am will+ to admit1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! ultimate ,good1 if ev] we come to "k x1 might1 p]haps1 n be s associat$4 ,b ( t1 z yet1 ,i "k no?+2 y1 p]haps1 are m =tunate4 ,& if y c give u an acc\nt ( ,good1 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ( its cont5t1 :i* %all repres5t x intelligibly to u z indep5d5t ( any consci\sness l our own1 ,i am q ready to rel9qui% ! argum5t to y4 ,i don't "k1 he repli$1 t ,i c repres5t ,x to y 9 a way t y w\ld admit to be intelligible4 ,i don't pr(ess to h _h :at y call 'exp]i5ce' ( x4 ,well1 !n1 said ,ellis1 :at's ! good ( talk+8 ,:at1 inde$6 ,i e*o$1 9 "s despond5cy4 ,= ,i began to feel x 0 impossible to c>ry on ! conv]sation4 ,b at ?is po9t1 to my great relief1 ,b>tlett came to ! rescue1 n inde$ ) a solution ( ! difficulty 9 :i* we 7 involv$1 b ) a div]sion ( :i* ,i 0 only too glad to take advantage4 ,x seems to me1 he said1 t y are gett+ (f ! track6 ,:atev] ! ultimate ,good may be1 :at we really want to "k1 is ! k9d ( ?+ we c conceive to be good = p l ourselves4 ,& ,i ?\ght t 0 :at y 7 go+ to discuss4 ,s ,i 01 ,i said1 if ,d5nis w\ld h let me4 ,i w let y1 by all means1 ,d5nis int]pos$1 s long z x is q und]/ood t ev]y?+ y say has no?+ to d ) ! real subject4 ,v well1 said ,b>tlett1 t's und]/ood4 ,& n[ let's get along1 on ! basis ( y & me & ! man 9 ! /reet4 ,:at are we try+ to get1 :5 we try to get ,good8 ,t ,i take x is ! real "q4 ,& ,i c only answ]1 ,i said1 z ,i did be=e1 t we are try+ to get "s /ate ( consci\s exp]i5ce1 to ent] into "s activity4 ,v well1 !n1 :at activity8 he inquir$1 cat*+ me up %>p1 z if he 7 afraid ( ,d5nis int]pos+ aga94 ,:at activity6 cri$ ,ellis1 :y all & e "o z mu* z ano!r1 & ! m ! m]ri]4 ,:at6 ,i exclaim$1 r tak5 aback1 all at once d y mean8 :e!r !y be good or :e!r !y be bad1 all alike indiff]5tly8 ,!re are no bad activities1 he repli$1 none bad ess5tially 9 !mselves4 ,_! goodness & badness dep5ds on ! way 9 :i* !y are int]*ang$ or comb9$4 ,any pursuit or occupation palls 9 "t if x is foll[$ exclusively2 b all may be delightful 9 ! j measure & proportion4 ,we are complex creatures1 & we ought to employ all our faculties alike1 nev] "o alone at ! co/ ( all ! o!rs4 ,t may be s\nd en\gh1 ,i said1 b w y n describe m 9 detail ! k9d ( life :i* y consid] to be good8 ,h[ c ,i8 he repli$4 ,x is l try+ to sum inf9ity6 ,! mo/ ,i c d is to h9t & rhapsodize4 ,h9t away1 !n6 cri$ ,p>ry2 rhapsodize away6 we're all li/5+4 ,well1 !n1 he said1 my ideal ( ! good life w\ld be to move 9 a cycle ( ev]-*ang+ activity1 ta/+ to ! full ! peculi> flav\r ( ea* new phase 9 ! %ock ( its contra/ ) t ( all ! re/4 ,to pass1 let u say1 f ! city ) all its bu/le1 smoke1 & d91 its press ( bus9ess1 gaiety1 & crime1 /raight away1 )\t ^w or w>n+1 break+ all engagem5ts1 to ! f>!/ & lonelie/ corn] ( ! _w4 ,to hunt or fi% = weeks & mon?s 9 /range wild places1 camp+ out among /range bea/s & birds1 lo/ 9 pa?less =e/s1 or w&]+ ov] sil5t pla9s4 ,!n1 sudd5ly1 back 9 ! cr[d1 to feel ! press ( bus9ess1 to make or lose millions 9 a week1 to adv5ture1 compete1 & w92 b always1 at ! mom5t :5 ?is might pall1 ) a hav5 ( re/ 9 view1 an anci5t ,engli% mansion1 /ately1 =mal1 & augu/1 isl&$1 ov] its sunk5 f5ce1 by acres ( butt]cups4 ,!re to /udy1 p]haps to write1 p]haps to exp]im5t1 dream+ 9 my g>d5 at night ( new discov]ies1 to revolutionize sci5ce & br+ ! _w ( comm]ce to my feet4 ,!n1 be=e ,i h "t to tire1 to be (f on my travels aga91 wa%+ gold 9 ,klondike1 trad+ = furs 9 ,sib]ia1 fight+ 9 ,madagasc>1 9 ,cuba1 or 9 ,crete1 or smok+ ha%ee% 9 t5ts ) ,p]sian my/ics4 ,to make my end action itself1 n any?+ action may ga91 *oos+ n to pursue ! ,good = fe> ,i %\ld let slip ,goods1 b1 9 my pursuit ( ,goods1 atta9+ ! only ,good ,i c conceive--a full & h>moni\s ex]cise ( all my faculties & p[]s4 ,on he>+ him speak ?us ,i felt1 ,i confess1 su* a w>m? ( sympa?y t ,i hesitat$ to attempt an answ]4 ,b ,leslie1 :o 0 "y en\gh /ill to live ma9ly 9 ideas1 broke 9 ) 8 usual zeal & passion4 ,b1 he said1 all ?is activity ( :i* y speak is no m good ?an x is bad2 e phase ( x1 by y\r own confession1 is s imp]fect 9 itself t x requires to be con/antly ex*ang$ = "s o!r1 equally defective4 ,n at all1 answ]$ ,ellis1 ea* phase is good 9 its "t & place2 b ea* becomes bad if x is pursu$ exclusively to ! detrim5t ( o!rs4 ,b is ea* good 9 itself8 or1 at lea/1 is x m good ?an bad8 ,y *oose1 9 imag9ation1 to dwell ^u ! good aspect ( ea*2 b 9 practice y w\ld h to exp]i5ce also ! bad4 ,y\r hunt+ 9 trackless =e/s w involve exposure1 fatigue1 & hung]2 y\r fight+ 9 ,madagasc>1 fev]1 w\nds1 & disillusionm5t2 & s ?r\gh all y\r *apt] ( accid5ts--= accid5ts !y are at be/1 & nev] ! sub/ance ( ,good2 r1 inde$1 a sub/ance ( ,evil1 dogg$ by a %ad[ ( ,good4 ,oh6 cri$ ,ellis1 :at a horrid prosaic view--f an ideali/1 too6 ,:y1 ! ,bad is all "p ( ! ,good2 "o takes ! r\gh ) ! smoo?4 ,or r ! ,good /&s above :at y call good & bad2 x consi/s 9 ! activity itself :i* fe$s ^u bo? alike4 ,if ,i 7 ,d5nis ,i %\ld say x is ! syn!sis ( bo?4 ,well1 said ,leslie1 ,i nev] he>d be=e ( a syn!sis produc$ by "o side ( ! anti!sis simply swall[+ ! o!r4 ,didn't y8 said ,ellis4 ,!n y h a great deal yet to le>n4 ,?is is kn[n z ! syn!sis ( ! lion & ! lamb4 ,oh1 syn!sis6 cri$ ,p>ry4 ,heav5 save u f syn!sis6 ,:at is x y are try+ to say8 ,t's :at ,i want to "k1 ,i said ,we seem to be com+ p]il\sly ne> to ,d5nis's position1 t :at we call ,evil is m]e appe>ance4 ,well1 said ,ellis1 extremes meet6 ,d5nis arriv$ at 8 view by a d5ial ( ! _w2 ,i arrive at m9e by an affirmation ( x4 ,b d y really ?9k1 ,i urg$1 t ev]y?+ 9 ! _w is good8 ,i ?9k1 he repli$1 t ev]y?+ may be made to m9i/] to ,good if y approa* x 9 ! prop] way4 ,t reads1 said ,audubon1 l an extract f a s]mon4 ,z ,i rem>k$ be=e1 repli$ ,ellis1 extremes meet ,b1 ,ellis1 ,i prote/$1 d expla96 ,h[ are y go+ to answ] ,leslie8 ,leslie is really too "y1 he repli$1 to be answ]able at all4 ,b if y insi/ on my be+ s]i\s1 :at ,i meant to sugge/ is1 t :5 our activity is fre%e/ & ke5e/ we f9d delight 9 :at is call$ ,evil no less ?an 9 :at is call$ ,good4 ,! complexity ( ! _w *>ms u1 its 'd[ns' z well z its 'ups1' its abysses & glooms no less ?an its sunny levels4 ,we w\ld n alt] x if we c\ld2 x is bett] ?an we c\ld make x2 & we accept x n m]ely ) acquiesc5ce b ) triumph4 ,oh1 d we6 said ,audubon4 ,we1 answ]$ ,ellis1 n y6 ,y1 ( c\rse1 d n accept any?+4 ,b :o are 'we'8 ask$ ,leslie4 ,all ( u1 he repli$1 :o try to make an art ( liv+4 ,yes1 art1 t is ! ^w6 ,to me life appe>s l a great tragi-com$y4 ,x has its %ad[s z well z its lights1 b we w\ld n lose "o ( !m1 = fe> ( de/roy+ ! h>mony ( ! :ole4 ,call x good1 or call x bad1 no matt]1 s x is4 ,! villa9 no less ?an ! h]o claims our applause2 x w\ld be dull )\t him4 ,we c't af=d to miss any?+ or anyone4 ,9 fact1 cri$ ,audubon1 ',konx ,ompax6 ,totality6' ,y & ,d5nis are /rangely agre$ = once6 ,yes1 he repli$1 b = v diff]5t reasons1 z ! judge said on ! "o occasion :5 he concurr$ ) 8 colleagues4 ,d5nis accepts ! ,:ole because he f9ds x a p]fect logical sy/em2 ,i1 because ,i f9d x a p]fect "w ( art4 ,8 prophet is ,hegel2 m9e is ,walt ,:itman4 ,walt ,:itman6 ,& y pr(ess to be an arti/6 ,s 0 he1 n 9 words b 9 life4 ,"o ?+ to him 0 no bett] nor worse ?an ano!r2 small & great1 high & l[1 good & bad1 he accepts !m all1 ) ! in/9ctive delight ( an actual physical contact4 ,li/5 to him6 ,& he began to quote3 ,i d n call "o great] & "o small]1 ,t :i* fills its p]iod & place is equal to any4 ,i believe a leaf ( grass is no less ?an ! j\rney-"w ( ! />s4 ,& ! pismire is equally p]fect1 & a gra9 ( s&1 & ! egg ( ! wr51 ,& ! tree-toad is a '*ef-d'oeuvre' = ! highe/2 ,& ! runn+ blackb]ry w\ld adorn ! p>l\rs ( heav51 ,& ! n>r[e/ h+e 9 my h& puts to scorn all ma*9]y1 ,& ! c[-crun*+ ) depress$ head surpasses any /atue1 ,& a m\se is miracle en\gh to /agg] sextillions ( infidels4 ,t's all v well1 object$ ,leslie1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x's r absurd2 b x does n t\* ! "q ( evil at all4 ,wait a bit1 cri$ ,ellis1 he's ready = y !re4 ,i am n ! poet ( goodness only1 ,i d n decl9e to be ! poet ( wick$ness also4 ,:at blurt is ?is ab\t virtue & ab\t vice8 ,evil propels me & re=m ( evil propels me1 ,i /& indiff]5t1 ,my gait is no fault-f9d]'s or rejector's gait1 ,i moi/5 ! roots ( all t gr[s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is ! meal equally set1 ?is is ! meat = natural hung]1 ,x is = ! wick$ j ! same z ! righte\s1 ,i make appo9tm5t ) all1 ,i w n h a s+le p]son slight$ or kept away1 ,! kept-woman1 spung]1 ?ief are h]eby invit$1 ,! heavy-lipp$ slave is invit$1 ! v5]ealee is invit$2 ,!re %all be no diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! re/4 ,t's r /rong1 rem>k$ ,p>ry4 ,don't y l x8 ,ellis inquir$4 ,i ?9k ,i might l x if ,i 7 drunk4 ,ah1 b a poet1 y see1 is always drunk6 ',well1 ,i un=tunately1 am (t5 sob]2 & !n ,i f9d ! spong] & ! v5]ealee any?+ b agreeable objects4 ,besides1 said ,audubon1 ?\gh x's v good ( ,walt ,:itman to invite u all1 ! m]e fact ( d9+ ) him1 h[ev] miscellane\s ! company1 doesn't alt] ! "* ( ! d9n]4 ,no1 cri$ ,leslie1 & t's j ! po9t ,ellis has miss$ all ?r\gh4 ,ev5 if x be true t ! _w appe>s to him z a "w ( art1 x doesn't appe> s to ! p]sonages ( ! drama4 ,:at's play to him is grim e>ne/ to !m2 &1 :at's m1 he himself is an actor n a m]e spectator1 & may h t fact br\ght home to him1 any mom5t1 9 8 fle% & blood4 ,( c\rse6 repli$ ,ellis1 & ,i w\ldn't h x o!rwise4 ,! po9t ( ! position is t "o %\ld play "o's "p oneself1 b play x z an arti/ ) "o's eye ^u ! total effect1 nev] compla9+ ( ,evil m]ely because "o happ5s to suff]1 b tak+ ! suff]+ itself z an elem5t 9 ! /hetic p]fection ( ! ,:ole4 ,i %\ld l to see y do+ t1 said ,b>tlett1 r brutally1 :5 y 7 d[n ) a fit ( yell[ fev]4 ,or %ut up 9 a mad-h\se1 said ,leslie4 ,or work+ eight h\rs a day at bus9ess1 said ,audubon1 ) ! !rmomet] #ajj degrees 9 ! %ade4 ,oh well1 answ]$ ,ellis1 ^? are ! conf\nd$ accid5ts ( our unheal?y habits ( life4 ,i am afraid1 ,i said1 !y are accid5ts v ess5tial to ! sub/ance ( ! _w4 ,besides1 cri$ ,p>ry1 !re's ! :ole moral "q1 :i* y seem to ignore altoge!r4 ,if !re be any activity t is good1 x mu/ be1 ,i suppose1 ! "o t is "r2 & ! activity y describe seems to h no?+ to d ) "r & wrong4 ,"r & wrong6 ,"r & wrong6 e*o$ ,ellis1 ,das hr i* se*zlg ,jahre wi$]hol51 ,i* flu*e drauf1 ab] v]/ohl54 ,y may curse z mu* z y l1 repli$ ,p>ry1 b y c h>dly d5y t !re is an intimate connection betwe5 ,good & ,"r4 ,in/ead ( reply+ ,ellis began to :i/le2 s ,i took up ,p>ry's po9t & said1 ,yes1 b :at is ! connection8 ,my own idea is t ,"r is really a means to ,good4 ,& ,i %\ld sep>ate (f all activity t is m]ely a means f t :i* is really an end 9 itself1 & good4 ,b is !re any activity1 object$ ,leslie1 :i* is n m]ely a means8 ,oh yes1 ,i said1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght s4 ,mo/ m51 x seems to me1 are well en\gh cont5t ) :at !y are do+ = its own sake2 ev5 ?\gh at ! same "t !y h remot] ends 9 view1 & if ^! 7 cut (f w\ld cease1 p]haps1 to take pleasure 9 ! "w ( ! mom5t4 ,! attitude is n v logical1 p]haps1 b ,i ?9k x is v common4 ,:y else is x t m5 :o believe & ma9ta9 t !y only "w 9 ord] to make money1 nev]!less are s unwill+ to retire :5 ! money is made2 or1 if !y d1 are s (t5 dissatisfi$ & unhappy8 ,oh1 said ,audubon1 t is only because bor$om is worse ?an pa94 ,x is n t !y f9d any satisfaction 9 _! "w2 x's only t !y f9d ev5 great] di/ress 9 idl5ess4 ,b1 surely1 ,i repli$1 ev5 y y\rself w\ld h>dly ma9ta9 t !re is no?+ m5 d = its own sake1 & because !y take delight 9 x4 ,if !re 7 no?+ else at lea/ !re is play--& ,i h kn[n y play cricket y\rself6 ,kn[n him play cricket6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,:y1 if he _h 8 way1 he w\ld d no?+ else1 except at ! times :5 he 0 rid+ or %oot+4 ,well1 ,i said1 t's en\gh1 = ! mom5t1 to refute him4 ,&1 9 fact1 ,i suppose none ( u w\ld s]i\sly ma9ta9 t !re is no =m ( activity :i* m5 feel to be good = its own sake1 ?\gh ! ,good ( c\rse may be p>tial & prec>i\s4 ,no1 said ,ellis1 ,i %\ld r inquire :e!r !re is any =m :i* !y pursue m]ely & exclusively z a means to some?+ else4 ,oh1 surely6 ,i said4 ,"o might m5tion1 = in/ance1 ! act ( visit+ ! d5ti/4 ,or :at is m important1 & :at1 ,i suppose1 ,p>ry _h 9 8 m9d1 !re is ! :ole class ( activities :i* "o di/+ui%es z moral4 ,d y mean to say1 said ,p>ry1 t moral action has no ,good 9 itself b is only a means to "s o!r ,good8 ,i don't "k1 ,i repli$2 ,i am r incl9$ to ?9k s4 ,b x all dep5ds ^u h[ we def9e x4 ,& h[ d y def9e x8 ,i %\ld say t its specific quality consi/s 9 ! refusal to seize "s imm$iate & inf]ior ,good ) a view to ! atta9m5t ( "o t is remot] b high]4 ,oh1 well1 ( c\rse1 cri$ ,leslie1 if y def9e x s1 y\r proposition foll[s ( itself4 ,s ,i ?\ght1 ,i said4 ,b h[ w\ld y def9e x8 ,i %\ld say x is a free & p]fect activity 9 ,good4 ,9 t case1 x is ( c\rse ! v activity we are 9 que/ (1 & we %\ld come ^u x1 if we 7 successful1 at ! end ( our inquiry4 ,b ,i 0 suppos+ t ! ess5ce ( morality is express$ 9 ! ^w 'ought'2 & 9 t ,i take to be impli$ ! def9ition ,i sugge/$--namely1 action pursu$ n = its own sake1 b = ! sake ( some?+ else4 ,oh1 oh6 cri$ ,d5nis1 !re ,i really mu/ prote/6 ,i've kept sil5t z long z ,i possibly c\ld2 b :5 x comes to describ+ z a m]e means ! only k9d ( activity :i* is an end 9 itself---- ,! only k9d t is an end 9 itself6 ,i repeat$1 9 "s dismay4 ,is t really :at y ?9k8 ,( c\rse x is6 :y n8 ,i don't "k4 ,i h always suppos$ t1 :5 we are do+ :at we ought1 we are act+ ) a view to "s ultimate ,good4 ,well1 ,i1 on ! contr>y1 believe t we ought absolutely1 )\t ref]5ce to any?+ else4 ,x is a unique =m ( activity1 dep5d5t on no?+ b itself2 & = any?+ we h yet %[n1 x may be ! ,good we are 9 que/ (4 ,?is sugge/ion1 unexpect$ z x 01 ?rew me into great p]plexity4 ,i did n see exactly h[ to meet x2 yet x awak5$ no response 9 me1 nor z ,i ?\ght ,9 any ( ! o!rs4 ,b :ile ,i 0 hesitat+1 ,leslie began3 ,d y mean t ! ,good might consi/ simply 9 do+ :at we ought1 )\t any o!r accompanim5t or conditions8 ,yes1 ,i ?9k x might4 ,s t1 = example1 a man might be 9 possession ( ! ,good1 ev5 :ile he 0 be+ rack$ or burnt alive1 s long only z he 0 do+ :at he ought ,yes1 ,i suppose he might be4 ,x's a trifle p>adoxical1 said ,ellis4 ,9 fact1 add$ ,b>tlett1 x might be call$ nons5se4 ,i don't see :y1 repli$ ,d5nis2 = we hav5't yet %[n t ! ,good is dep5d5t on ! ?+s we call good4 ,no1 ,i said1 b we did %[--or at lea/ = ! "t be+ we agre$ to admit--t x mu/ h "s relation to :at we call goods2 t !y d someh[ or o!r1 & m or less1 express its nature2 & inde$ our :ole pres5t inquiry is bas$ ^u ! hypo!sis t x is by exam9+ goods t we may get to "k some?+ ab\t ! ,good4 ,s t ,i d n see h[ we c ent]ta9 an idea ( ,good :i* flatly contradicts all our exp]i5ce ( goods4 ,well1 said ,d5nis1 ,i ought p]haps to modify ! position4 ,let u say t ! ,good consi/s 9 ! activity ( do+ :at we ought1 only t activity c't exi/ 9 its true p]fection unless ev]ybody p>ticipates 9 x at once4 ,b if ev]ybody p>ticipat$ 9 x1 !re w\ld be no m burn+s2 & s ,leslie's difficulty w\ld n arise4 ,well1 ,i said1 ! modification is v radical6 ,b ev5 s1 ,i don't "k :at to make ( ! position4 ,= x is v difficult to conceive a society p]petually & exclusively occupi$1 s to speak1 9 'ought+4' ,j imag9e ! k9d ( life ,x w\ld be--)\t pleasure1 )\t bus9ess1 )\t k1 )\t any?+ at all analog\s to :at we call good1 purg$ :olly & completely ( all t might ta9t ! purity ( ! moral s5se1 ( philan?ropy1 ( fri5d%ip1 ( love1 ev51 ,i suppose1 ( ! love ( virtue1 a life simply ( obligation1 )\t any?+ to be oblig$ to except a law4 ,b1 he prote/$1 y are tak+ an absurd & impossible case4 ,i am tak+ ! case :i* y y\rself put1 :5 y said t ,good consi/$ simply 9 do+ :at "o ought1 indep5d5tly ( all o!r accompanim5t or condition4 ,b p]haps t is n :at y really meant8 ,no1 he said2 ( c\rse1 :at ,i meant 0 t x is life accord+ to ! moral law t is ,good2 b ,i did n int5d to sep>ate ! law f ! life1 & call x ,good all by itself4 ,b is ! life ! bett] = ! law1 9 ! s5se1 ,i mean1 9 :i* law involves con/ra9t8 ,or w\ld x n be bett] /ill if ! same life 7 pursu$ freely = its own sake8 ,p]haps s4 ,b1 !n1 9 t case1 ! m we realiz$ ,good ! less we %\ld be aw>e ( obligation4 ,& w\ld a life )\t consci\s & felt obligation be a life specifically e?ical1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* y seem$ to be us+ ! ^w8 ,i %\ld ?9k n2 = 'ought' 9 ! e?ical s5se does c]ta9ly seem to me to involve ! idea ( obligation4 ,9 t case x w\ld seem to be tru] to say t activity is ,good1 n 9 s f> z x is e?ical b precisely 9 s f> z x is n4 ,at any rate1 ,i %\ld ma9ta9 t we come ne>] to a realization ( ,good 9 ! activities :i* we pursue )\t ef=t or friction1 ?an 9 ^? :i* involve a /ruggle betwe5 duty & incl9ation4 ,b ! activities we pursue )\t ef=t or friction (t5 en\gh are bad4 ,no d\bt2 b "s ( !m are good1 & x is to ^? ,i %\ld look = ! be/ idea ,i c\ld =m ( :at ,good might be4 ,well1 he said1 g on6 ,once m ,i h ent]$ my prote/2 & n[ ,i leave ! road cle>4 ,! wor/ ( y is1 said ,ellis1 t y always turn up 9 front6 ,:5 we ?9k we h pass$ y once = all1 y take a %ort cut across ! fields1 & !re y are 9 ! middle ( ! road1 ) ! same old /ory1 t we're altoge!r on ! wrong track4 ,well1 said ,d5nis1 s5t5ti\sly1 ,i d my duty4 ,&1 repli$ ,ellis1 no d\bt y h y\r rew>d6 ,proce$6 he cont9u$1 turn+ to me4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i suppose ,i mu/ try to g ?r\gh to ! end1 ?\gh ^! tactics ( ,d5nis make me v n]v\s4 ,i %all suppose1 h[ev]1 t ,i h conv9c$ him t x is n 9 e?ical activity z su* t we c expect to f9d ! mo/ p]fect example ( ,good4 ,& n[ ,i propose to exam9e 9 turn "s o!r ( our activities1 />t+ ) t :i* seems to be ! mo/ primitive ( all4 ,& :i* is t8 ,i 0 ?9k+ ( ! activity ( our bodily s5ses1 our direct contact1 s to speak1 ) objects1 )\t ! int]m$iation ( reflection1 ?r\gh ! t\*1 ! sight1 ! he>+1 & ! re/4 ,is !re any?+ 9 all ?is :i* we c\ld call good8 ,is !re any?+6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,:at a "q to ask6 ,& he broke out ) ! l9es f ,br[n+'s ,saul3 ,oh1 ! wild joys ( liv+6 ! leap+ f rock up to rock1 ,! /rong r5d+ ( b\ghs f ! fir-tree1 ! cool silv] %ock ,( ! plunge 9 a pool's liv+ wat]1 ! hunt ( ! be>1 ,& ! sultr9ess %[+ ! lion is c\*$ 9 8 lair4 ,& ! meal1 ! ri* dates yell[$ ov] ) gold du/ div9e1 ,& ! locu/-fle% /eep$ 9 ! pit*]1 ! full draught ( w9e1 ,& ! sleep 9 ! dri$ riv]-*annel :]e bulru%es tell ,t ! wat] 0 wont to g w>bl+ s s(tly & well4 ,h[ good is man's life1 ! m]e liv+6 h[ fit to employ ,all ! he>t & ! s\l & ! s5ses = ev] 9 joy4 ,! quotation seem$ to loos5 all tongues2 & !re foll[$ a flood ( su* talk z may be he>d 9 almo/ e company ( ,engli%m51 9 praise ( sport & physical ex]cise1 t\*$ ) a s5tim5t n f> remov$ f poetry--! only poetry ( :i* !y are n half-a%am$4 ,audubon ev5 jo9$ 91 =gett+ = ! mom5t 8 cu/om>y pose1 & rhapsodiz+ ) ! re/ ov] 8 fav\rite pursuits ( snipe-%oot+ & cricket4 ,mu* ( ?is talk 0 lo/ ^u me1 = ,i am no?+ ( a sportsman2 b "s t\*es !re 7 t recall$ exp]i5ces ( my own1 & = t reason1 ,i suppose1 h l+]$ 9 my memory4 ,?us1 ,i recollect1 "s "o spoke ( skat+ on ,d]w5twat]1 ! miles ( black1 virg9 ice1 ! r++ & ro>+ ( ! skates1 ! sunset gl[1 & ! moon ris+ full ov] ! m\nta9s2 & ano!r recall$ a ba! on ! %ore ( g9a1 ! sun on ! rocks & ! hot sc5t ( ! firs1 z ?\gh ! :ole nak$ body 7 plung$ 9 "s !real liqueur1 dr9k+ x 9 ) e s5se & at e pore1 l a great sponge ( %e] s5sation4 ,aft] "s m9utes ( ?is talk1 z ,i /ill sat sil5t1 ,ellis turn$ to me ) ! appeal1 ,b :at ab\t y1 :o are suppos$ to be our protagoni/8 ,"h are we all rhapsodiz+ & y sit sil5t4 ,h y no?+ to contribute to y\r own !me8 ,oh1 ,i repli$1 any exp]i5ces ( m9e w\ld be s trivial !y w\ld be h>dly wor? record+4 ,! mo/ t c\ld be said ( !m w\ld be t !y might1 p]haps1 illu/rate m exactly ?an y\rs :at "o might call ! pure ,goods ( s5se4 ,=1 z f> z ,i c und]/&1 ! delights y h be5 describ+ are really v complex4 ,9 addition to pleasures ( m]e s5sation1 !re is cle>ly an /hetic *>m--y kept speak+ ( hea!r & sunrises1 & col\rs & wide prospects2 & !n !re is ! satisfaction y evid5tly feel 9 skill1 acquir+ or acquir$1 & 9 ! k y possess ( ! habits ( bea/s & birds4 ,all ?is1 ( c\rse1 goes beyond ! delight ( simple s5se p]ception1 ?\gh1 no d\bt1 inextricably b\nd up ) x ,b :at ,i 0 ?9k+ ( at fir/ 0 some?+ less complex & m elem5t>y 9 :i*1 nev]!less1 ,i ?9k we c detect ,good--,good ( %e] unadult]at$ s5sation4 ,?9k1 = example1 ( ! joys ( a cold ba? :5 "o is du/y & hot6 ,y w laugh at me1 b sometimes :5 ,i h felt ! wat] p\r+ d[n my back ,i h %\t$ to myself 9 my tub 'nunc dimittis4' ,!y bur/ out laugh+1 & ,ellis cri$3 ,y gross s5suali/6 ,& to ?9k ( all ?is be+ conceal$ beh9d t masque ( au/]e philosophy6 ,!n !y set (f aga9 ,9 praise ( ! delights ( su* simple s5sations1 & especially ( ^? ( ! palate1 in/anc+1 ,i rememb]1 ! fam\s tale ab\t ,keats--h[ he cov]$ 8 tongue & ?roat ) cay5ne pepp] t he might enjoy1 z he said1 ! delici\s coolness ( cl>et 9 all its glory4 ,& :5 ?is _h gone on = "s "t1 ,p]haps en\gh has be5 said1 ,i began1 to illu/rate ?is p>ticul> k9d ( ,good4 ,we h1 ,i ?9k1 recogniz$ to ! full its m]its2 & we %all be equally ready1 ,i suppose1 to recognize its defects4 ,i don't "k ab\t t1 said ,ellis4 ,i1 = my "p1 at any rate1 %all be v lo? to dwell ^u !m4 ,i sometimes ?9k ^! are ! only pure ,goods4 ,b at lea/1 ,i repli$1 y w admit t !y are prec>i\s4 ,x is only at mom5ts1 & at mom5ts t come & g )\t *oice ( ours1 t ?is h>moni\s relation becomes e/abli%$ betwe5 our s5ses & ! out] _w4 ,! v same ?+s :i* at su* times appe> to be p]fectly at "o ) ourselves1 z if !y _h be5 made = u & we = !m1 we see & feel to h also a nature n only di/9ct b ev5 ali5 & ho/ile to our own4 ,! wat] :i* cools our sk9 & qu5*es our ?ir/ also dr[ns2 ! fire :i* w>ms & com=ts also burns2 & s on ?r\gh all ! *apt]--,i ne$ n we>y y ) details4 ,nature1 y w agree1 n only m9i/]s to our bodies1 %e torm5ts & de/roys !m2 %e is our foe 9 ways at lea/ z v>i$ & efficaci\s z %e is our fri5d4 ,b1 object$ ,ellis1 t is only because we don't treat h] prop]ly2 we h to le>n h[ to manage h]4 ,p]haps1 ,i repli$1 ?\gh ,i %\ld pref] to say1 we h to le>n h[ to fight & subdue h]4 ,b 9 any case we h laid our f+] "h ^u a defect 9 ?is fir/ k9d ( ,goods--!y are1 z ,i said1 prec>i\s4 ,& ! discov]y ( t fact1 "o might say1 0 ! sword ( ! angel t drove man out ( 8 imag9>y ,ed54 ,= at fir/ we may suppose him1 7if ,wilson w p]mit me to romance a little17 seiz+ e delight z x (f]$ itself1 "u an in/9ctive impression t !re 7 no?+ b delights to be met )1 eat+ :5 he 0 hungry1 dr9k+ :5 he 0 ?ir/y1 sleep+ :5 he 0 tir$1 & s on1 9 unque/ion+ tru/ ( 8 natural impulses4 ,b !n1 z he le>nt by exp]i5ce h[ evil foll[s good1 & pleasure (t5 en\gh is b\ght by pa91 he w\ld beg91 w\ld he n1 in/ead ( simply accept+ ,good :]e x is1 to endeav\r to create x :]e x is n1 sacrific+ (t5 en\gh ! pres5t to ! future1 & reject+ _m imm$iate delights = ! sake ( ^? m remote8 ,& ?is involves a complete *ange 9 8 attitude2 = he is endeav\r+ n[ to e/abli% by 8 own ef=t t h>mony betwe5 himself & ! _w :i* he fondly hop$ at fir/ 0 imm$iately giv54 ,b1 object$ ,wilson1 he nev] did hope any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,?is recon/ruction ( ! pa/ is all imag9>y4 ,i d>e say x may be1 ,i repli$1 b t is ( little consequ5ce1 if x helps u to seize our po9t m cle>ly2 = we are n at pres5t writ+ hi/ory4 ,man1 !n1 we w suppose1 is ?us set out ^u :at is1 :e!r he kn[s x or n1 8 que/ to create1 s9ce he is unable to f9d ready-made1 a _w ( objects h>moni\s to himself4 ,b 9 ?is que/ has he be51 %\ld y say1 successful8 ,m or less1 ,i suppose1 answ]$ ,p>ry1 = he is progressively satisfy+ 8 ne$s1 ev5 if !y are nev] completely satisfi$4 ,p]haps1 ,i repli$1 ?\gh ,i sometimes h my d\bts4 ,! relation ( man to nature1 ,i h ?\ght1 is v /range & obscure4 ,x is z ?\gh he began ) ! idea t he _h only to remove a few blemi%es f h] face to make h] completely accordant ) 8 desire4 ,b no soon] has he gone to "w ?an ^! surface blemi%es1 z he ?\ght !m1 prove to h roots deep] ?an all 8 prob+s2 ! m he cuts away ! m he exposes ( an elem5t radically ali5 to himself1 t]rible & incompreh5sible1 bran*+ wide & /rik+ deep1 & ?r[+ up f dep?s unkn[n ^? symptoms & symbols ( itself :i* he mi/ook = m]e sup]ficial /a9s4 ,really1 prote/$ ,p>ry1 ,i see no gr\nds = su* a view4 ,p]haps n1 ,i said1 b anyh[ y w1 ,i suppose1 admit t a c]ta9 prec>i\sness does atta* to ^! ,goods ( s5se1 :e!r !y be freely (f]$ by nature or pa9fully acquir$ by ! lab\r ( man4 ,n necess>ily1 he object$1 = we are con/antly r$uc+ to ord] & r\t9e :at 0 once haphaz>d & uncontroll$4 ,= ! great mass ( civiliz$ m5 ! primitive goods ( life1 food1 %elt]1 clo?+ & ! l1 are practically secur$ aga9/ all *ance4 ,are !y8 cri$ ,b>tlett1 ,i admire y\r optimism6 ,& ,i too1 ,i said4 ,b ev5 grant+ t x 7 z y say1 we are !n met by ?is curi\s fact1 t ! ,goods we really c>e ab\t1 9 our practical activity1 are nev] ^? t are secure b ^? t are prec>i\s4 ,z soon z we are safe aga9/ "o risk we proce$ to take ano!r1 s t !re is always a m>g91 z x 71 ( prec>i\s ,goods1 & ^? exactly ! ones :i* we hold mo/ preci\s4 ,9 fact1 said ,audubon1 z soon z y get y\r ,good x ceases to be good4 ,t's precisely :at ,i am always say+4 ,!n1 ,i said1 !re is ! less ne$ to lab\r ! po9t4 ,"o way or o!r1 x seems1 ei!r because !y are difficult to secure1 or because1 :5 secur$1 !y lose _! specific quality4 ,goods ( ?is k9d are caught 9 ! :eels ( *ance & *ange1 :e!r !y be (f]$ to man by ! free gift ( ,nature1 or wrung f h] 9 ! sweat ( 8 br[4 ,9 o!r words1 !y are1 z ,i said1 prec>i\s4 ,& n[1 h !y any o!r defects8 ,h !y any8 cri$ ,leslie1 :y !y h no?+ else6 ,well1 ,i said1 b :at 9 p>ticul>8 ,oh1 he repli$1 x's all summ$ up1 ,i suppose1 9 ! fact t !y are ,goods ( s5se1 & n ( intellect or ( imag9ation4 ,is x !n1 ,i ask$1 a defect 9 cont5t t y are driv+ at8 ,d y mean t !y satisfy only a "p ( our nature1 n ! :ole8 ,= t1 ,i suppose1 w\ld be equally true ( ! o!r ,goods y m5tion$1 su* z ^? ( ! intellect4 ,yes1 he repli$1 b x is ! inf]ior "p to :i* ! ,goods we are speak+ ( appeal4 ,p]haps2 b 9 :at respect inf]ior8 ,:y1 simply z ! body is inf]ior to ! s\l4 ,b h[ is t8 ,y w ?9k me v /upid1 b ! m ,i ?9k ( x ! less ,i und]/& ?is fam\s di/9ction betwe5 body & s\l1 & ! relation ( "o to ! o!r4 ,i d\bt1 said ,wilson1 :e!r !re is a di/9ction at all4 ,i don't say t1 ,i repli$4 ,i only say t ,i c't und]/& x2 & ,i %\ld be ?ankful1 if possible1 to keep x out ( our discussion4 ,s %\ld ,i6 said ,wilson4 ,well1 b1 ,leslie prote/$1 h[ c we8 ,i ?9k p]haps we might1 ,i said4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! case be=e u1 :y %\ld we n try directly to def9e t specific prop]ty ( ! ,goods ( s5se :i*1 accord+ to y1 con/itutes _! defect1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ^! difficult t]ms body & s\l at all8 ,well1 he agre$1 we might try4 ,:at1 !n ,i said1 d y sugge/8 ,he hesitat$ a little1 & !n began 9 a t5tative k9d ( way3 ,i ?9k :at ,i feel ab\t ^! ,goods is t we are someh[ _! slaves2 !y possess u1 in/ead ( our possess+ !m4 ,!y come ^u u we h>dly "k h[ or :5ce2 !y satisfy our desires we c't tell :y2 our relation to !m seems to be passive r ?an active4 ,& t1 y ?9k1 w\ld n be ! case ) a true & p]fect ,good8 ,no1 ,i ?9k n ,h[1 !n1 %\ld we feel t[>ds su* a ,good8 ,we %\ld feel1 ,i ?9k1 t x 0 someh[ an expression ( ourselves1 & we ( x2 t x 0 its nature & its :ole nature to pres5t itself z a ,good & our nature & our :ole nature to exp]i5ce x z su*4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ 9 ,x ali5 to u & no?+ 9 u ali5 to x4 ,:]eas 9 ! case ( ,goods ( s5se----8 ,:]eas 9 _! case1 he said1 surely no?+ ( ! k9d applies4 ,= ^! ,goods appe> to arise 9 ?+s & "u circum/ances :i* h q ano!r nature ?an t ( be+ good = u4 ,x is n ! ess5ce ( wat] to qu5* our ?ir/1 ( fire to cook = u1 or ( ! sun to give u light---- ,or ( cork-trees to /op our g+]-be] bottles1 add$ ,ellis4 ,q s1 he cont9u$2 9 e case ^! ?+s t d u good are also q z ready to d u h>m1 &1 = t matt]1 to d innum]able ?+s :i* h no relation to u at all4 ,s t ! goodness !y h 9 !m1 s f> z x is goodness to our s5ses1 !y h1 z x 71 only by accid5t2 & we feel t ess5tially ei!r !y are n ,goods1 or _! goodness is some?+ beyond & diff]5t f t :i* is reveal$ to s5se4 ,y\r qu>rel1 !n ,i said1 ) ! ,goods ( s5se1 s f> z ,i und]/& y1 is t !y inh]e1 z x 71 9 a sub/ance :i*1 s f> z we c tell1 is indiff]5t to ,good1 or at any rate to ,good ( t k9d8 ,yes4 ,:]eas a true ,good1 y ?9k1 mu/ be good 9 ess5ce & sub/ance8 ,yes2 don't y ?9k s too8 ,i d1 ,i repli$1 b h[ ab\t ! o!rs8 ,d5nis ass5t$1 & ! o!rs did n object1 n appe>+1 inde$1 to h att5d$ mu* to ! argum5t4 ,s ,i cont9u$1 ,we h !n1 s f>1 discov]$ 9 ?is class ( ,goods1 two ma9 defects1 ! fir/1 t !y are prec>i\s2 ! second1 :i* is closely connect$ ) ! o!r1 & is 9 fact1 ,i suppose1 its explanation1 t !y are1 %all we say1 accid5tal1 und]/&+ ! ^w 9 ! s5se we h j def9$4 ,n[1 let u see if we _c f9d any class ( ,goods simil> to ^!1 b free f _! defects4 ,b simil> 9 :at respect1 he ask$1 if !y are n to h simil> defects8 ,simil>1 ,i meant1 9 be+ direct pres5tations to s5se4 ,b are !re any su* ,goods8 ,i ?9k s1 ,i said4 ,:at d y say to works ( ,art8 ,^!1 are !y n1 are direct pres5tations to s5se8 ,yet su* t x is _! :ole nature & ess5ce on ! "o h& to be beautiful1 & to t ext5t ,good--= ,i suppose y w admit t ! ,beautiful is a k9d ( ,good2 & on ! o!r h&1 if ,i may d>e to say s1 to be1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 et]nal4 ,et]nal6 cri$ ,ellis1 ,i only wi% !y 76 ,:at w\ldn't we give = ! works ( ,polygnotus & ,apelles6 ,oh yes1 ,i said1 ( c\rse1 9 t way1 reg>d$ z mat]ial objects1 !y are z p]i%able z all ! works ( nature4 ,b ,i 0 talk+ ( !m z ,art1 n z m]e ?+s2 & f t po9t ( view1 surely1 ea* is a mom5t1 or a s]ies ( mom5ts1 cut away1 z x 71 f ! contact ( *ance or *ange & set ap>t 9 a timeless _w ( its own1 nev] ( its own nature1 to pass into some?+ else1 b only ?r\gh ! ali5 nature ( ! matt] to :i* x is b\nd4 ,:at d y mean8 cri$ ,p>ry4 ,i am q at sea4 ,p]haps1 ,i said1 y w und]/& ! po9t bett] if ,i give x y 9 ! words ( a poet4 ,& ,i quot$ ! well-kn[n /anzas f ,keats' ,ode on a ,grecian ,urn3 ,he>d melodies are sweet1 b ^? unhe>d ,are sweet]2 !re=e1 ye s(t pipes1 play on2 ,n to ! s5sual e>1 b1 m ende>'d4 ,pipe to ! _s ditties ( no tone2 ,fair y\? b5ea? ! trees1 ?\ can/ n leave ,?y song1 nor ev] c ^? trees be b>e2 ,bold lov]1 nev]1 nev] can/ ?\ kiss1 ,?\gh w9n+ ne> ! goal--yet1 d n grieve2 ,%e _c fade1 ?\gh ?\ ha/ n ?y bliss1 ,= ev] wilt ?\ love & %e be fair6 ,ah1 happy1 happy b\ghs6 t _c %$ ,y\r leaves1 nor ev] bid ! spr+ adieu2 ,&1 happy melodi/1 unwe>i$1 ,= ev] pip+ songs = ev] new2 ,m happy love6 m happy1 happy love6 ,= ev] w>m & /ill to be enjoy$1 ,= ev] pant+ & = ev] "y2 ,all brea?+ human passion f> above1 ,t leaves a he>t high-sorr[ful & cloy$1 ,a burn+ =ehead1 & a p>*+ tongue4 ,well1 said ,p>ry1 :5 ,i _h done1 t's v pretty2 b ,i don't see h[ x be>s on ! argum5t4 ,i ?9k1 ,i repli$1 t x illu/rates ! po9t ,i want$ to make4 ,"p1 ,i mean1 ( ! peculi> *>m ( works ( ,art consi/s 9 ! fact t !y arre/ a fleet+ mom5t ( delight1 lift x f our sph]e ( corruption & *ange1 & fix x l a /> 9 ! eigh? heav54 ,yes1 said ,ellis1 we grant y t ,or at lea/1 add$ ,p>ry1 we don't c>e to dispute x ,& ! o!r po9t :i* ,i want to make is1 ,i ?9k1 cle>] /ill--t ! ,good ( works ( ,art1 t is to say _! ,beauty1 results f ! v pr9ciple ( _! nature1 & is n a m]e accid5t ( circum/ances4 ,( c\rse1 said ,leslie1 _! ,beauty is _! only raison d'tre8 ,& yet1 ,i w5t on1 !y are /ill ,goods ( s5se1 & s f> resemble ! o!r ,goods ( :i* we 7 speak+ be=e4 ,yes1 said ,d5nis1 b ) :at a diff]5ce6 ,t is ! po9t ,i h be5 wait+ to come to4 ,:at po9t8 ,i ask$4 ,:y1 he said1 9 ! case ( :at y call ,goods ( s5se1 9 _! simple/ & pure/ =m1 mak+ ab/raction f all /hetic & o!r elem5ts--z 9 ! example y gave ( a cold ba?--! relation ( ! object to ! s5se is s simple & direct1 t really1 if we 7 to speak accurately1 we %\ld h1 ,i ?9k1 to say1 t s f> z ! p]ception ( ,good is conc]n$ ! object is m]g$ 9 ! subject1 & :at y get is simply a good s5sation4 ,p]haps1 ,i agre$1 t is h[ we ought to put x4 ,b at ! "t ,i did n ?9k x necess>y to be s precise4 ,b x has become necess>y n[1 ,i ?9k1 he repli$1 if we are to br+ out a *>act]i/ic ( works ( ,art :i* w ?r[ light1 ,i believe1 on ! g5]al nature ( ,good4 ,:at *>act]i/ic is t8 ,:y1 he repli$1 :5 we come to works ( ,art1 ! important ?+ is ! object1 n ! subject2 if !re is any m]g+ ( ! "o 9 ! o!r1 x is ! subject t is m]g$ 9 ! object1 n vice v]sa4 ,we h to contemplate ! object1 anyh[1 z hav+ a "* ( its own2 & x is to ?is "* t ,i want to draw att5tion4 ,9 :at respect8 ,9 respect t e "w ( ,art1 &1 = t matt]1 e "w ( nature--s f> z x c be view$ /hetically--comprises a numb] ( elem5ts necess>ily connect$ 9 a :ole2 & ?is necess>y connection is ! po9t on :i* we ought to insi/ ,b necess>y h[8 ask$ ,wilson4 ,d y mean logically necess>y8 ,no1 he repli$1 /hetically4 ,i mean1 t we h a direct p]ception t no?+ 9 ! "w c\ld be omitt$ or alt]$ )\t de/roy+ ! :ole4 ,?is1 at any rate1 is ! ideal2 & x holds1 m or less1 9 proportion z ! "w is m or less p]fect4 ,ev]yone1 ,i suppose1 :o und]/&s ^! ?+s w\ld agree to t4 ,no "o seem$ incl9$ to dispute ! /atem5t2 c]ta9ly ,i 0 n1 myself2 s ,i answ]$1 ,no d\bt :at y say is true ( works ( ,art2 b w y\r cont5tion be t x is also true ( ,good 9 g5]al8 ,yes1 he said1 ,i ?9k s1 9 s f> at lea/ z ,good is to be conceiv$ z compris+ a numb] ( elem5ts4 ,= no "o1 ,i suppose1 w\ld imag9e t su* elem5ts might be ?r[n toge!r haphaz>d & yet con/itute a good :ole4 ,i suppose n1 ,i agre$1 &1 if y are "r1 :at we seem to h arriv$ at is ?is3 among ! works :i* man creates 9 8 que/ ( ! ,good1 !re is "o class1 t ( works ( ,art1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ place1 may be said1 9 a s5se1 to be n prec>i\s1 see+ t by _! =m1 ?r\gh :i* !y are ,art1 !y are set above ! flux ( "t1 ?\gh by _! matt]1 we admit1 !y are b\nd to x ,&1 9 ! second place1 ! ,good :i* !y h1 !y h by virtue ( _! ess5ce2 ,good is _! sub/ance1 n an accid5t ( _! *ang+ relations4 ,&1 la/ly1 be+ complex :oles1 ! p>ts ( :i* !y are compos$ are b\nd toge!r 9 necess>y connection4 ,^! *>act]i/ics1 at any rate1 we h discov]$ 9 works ( ,art3 & no d\bt _m m might be discov]able4 ,b n[1 let u turn to ! o!r side1 & consid] ! defects 9 :i* ?is class ( ,goods is involv$4 ,ah6 cri$ ,b>tlett1 :5 y come to t1 ,i h some?+ to say4 ,well1 ,i said1 :at is x8 ,we %all be glad ( any help4 ,x c be summ$ up1 he repli$1 9 a s+le ^w4 ,:atev] may be ! m]its ( a "w ( ,art--& !y may be all t y say--x has ?is "o gr& defect--x isn't real6 ,real6 cri$ ,leslie4 ,:at is real8 ,! ^w's ! plague ( my life6 ,p use x z if !y meant some?+ by x1 some?+ v trem5d\s & augu/1 & :5 y press !m !y nev] "k :at x is4 ,!y talk ( 'real life'--real life6 :at is x8 ,z if "o life wasn't z real z ano!r6 ,oh1 z to real life1 said ,ellis1 ,i c tell y :at t is4 ,real life is ! %ady side ( life4 ,nons5se1 said ,p>ry1 real life is ! life ( m5 ( ! _w4 ,or1 retort$ ,ellis1 m g5]ally1 x is ! life ( ! p]son speak+1 z oppos$ to t ( ! p]son to :om he speaks4 ,well1 b1 ,i int]pos$1 x is n 'real life' t is our pres5t conc]n1 b ,b>tlett's mean+ :5 he us$ ! ^w 'real4' ,9 :at s5se is ,art n real8 ,:y1 he repli$1 by y\r own confession ,art is some?+ ideal4 ,x is beautiful1 x is good1 x is lift$ above *ance & *ange2 its connection ) matt]1 t is to say ) reality1 is a k9d ( flaw1 an indec5cy f :i* we discreetly turn our eyes4 ,! real _w is no?+ ( all ?is2 on ! contr>y1 x is ugly1 brutal1 mat]ial1 co>se1 & bad z bad c be6 ,i don't see t x is at all6 cri$ ,leslie1 &1 ev5 if x 71 y h no "r to assume t t is ! reality ( x4 ,h[ d y "k t its reality doesn't consi/ precisely 9 ! ,ideal1 z all poets & philosoph]s h ?\ght8 ,&1 9 t case1 ,art w\ld be m real ?an :at y w\ld call ,reality1 because x w\ld repres5t ! ess5ce ( ! _w1 ! ?+ x w\ld l to be if x c\ld1 & is1 s f> z x c4 ,t 0 ,ari/otle's view1 anyh[4 ,!n all ,i c say is1 repli$ ,b>tlett1 t ,i don't agree ) ,ari/otle6 ,anyh[1 ev5 if ,art repres5ts :at ! _w w\ld l to be1 x c]ta9ly doesn't repres5t :at x is4 ,i don't "k2 surely x does1 sometimes1 said ,p>ry1 = in/ance1 !re's ! reali/ic novel6 ,oh1 t6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,t's ! mo/ ideal ( all--only x's apt to be su* bad idealism6 ,anyh[1 said ,b>tlett1 9 s f> z x is real1 x's n ,art1 9 ! s5se1 9 :i* we h be5 us+ ! ^w4 ,i began to be afraid t we %\ld drift away into a discussion ( realism 9 ,art4 ,s1 to recall ! conv]sation to ! po9t at issue1 ,i turn$ to ,b>tlett1 & said3 ,y\r criticism seems to me to be fair en\gh z f> z x goes4 ,y say t ! _w ( ,art is a _w by itself2 t side by side ( x1 & unaffect$ by x1 moves ! _w ( :at y call real life4 ,& t :atev] be ! relation betwe5 ! two worlds1 :e!r we are to say t ! "o imitates ! o!r1 or int]prets x1 or idealizes x1 x does n1 9 any case1 set x aside4 ,art is a refuge f life1 n a sub/itute = x2 a little bless$ isl& 9 ! h[l+ sea ( fact4 ,its ,good is ?us only a p>tial ,good2 :]eas ! true ,good1 ,i suppose1 w\ld be someh[ univ]sal4 ,/ill1 said ,leslie1 z f> z x goes x is a ,good )\t blemi%4 ,i am n s sure1 ,i said1 ev5 ( t4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ,b>tlett's criticism1 if we squeeze x tight1 w yield u m ?an we h yet got out ( x--p]haps ev5 m ?an he kn[s is 9 x ,y don't mean to say1 cri$ ,b>tlett1 t y are com+ ov] to my side6 ,yes1 ,i said1 l a spy to ! enemy's camp to see :]e y\r /r5g? really lies4 ,i h no objection1 he repli$1 if x ends 9 y\r discov]+ new def5ces = me4 ,well1 ,i said1 we %all see4 ,anyh[1 ?is is :at ,i _h 9 my m9d4 ,we 7 say+ j n[ t :5 p talk ab\t 'real life1' ! 'real _w1' & s on1 !y are n always v cle> z to :at !y mean4 ,b "o ?+1 ,i ?9k1 p]haps !y h obscurely 9 _! heads--t ! ,real is some?+ f :i* y _c escape2 some?+ :i* =ces itself ^u y )\t ref]5ce to *oice or desire1 hav+ a nature ( its own :i* may or may n con=m1 m or less to y\rs1 b 9 any case is di/9ct & indep5d5t4 ,t is :y !y w\ld say1 = example1 t ! illusions ( a madman are n real1 mean+ t !y d n repres5t real ?+s1 h[ev] vivid _! appe>ance may be1 because !y are ! productions m]ely ( 8 own consci\sness2 :]eas ! v same appe>ances pres5t$ to a sane man w\ld be call$ )\t hesitation real1 because !y w\ld be conceiv$ to proce$ f objects hav+ an indep5d5t nature ( _! own4 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d1 ,i suppose1 is includ$ 9 ! notion 'real' z x is held by ord9>y p4 ,p]haps said ,leslie1 b :at !n8 ,& h[ does x be> ^u ,art8 ,i am n sure1 ,i repli$1 b x occurr$ to me t works ( ,art1 ?\gh ( c\rse !y are real objects1 are su* t a c]ta9 viol5ce1 z x 71 has be5 done to _! reality 9 our int]e/4 ,:at ,i mean w be be/ und]/ood1 ,i ?9k1 if we put ourselves = ! mom5t into ! position ( ! arti/4 ,to him c]ta9 mat]ials are pres5t$ :i* ( c\rse are real 9 our pres5t acceptation ( ! t]m1 be+ su* z !y are ( _! own nature1 )\t any dep5d5ce ^u him4 ,^u ^! mat]ials he fl+s himself1 & %apes !m accord+ to 8 desire1 impress+1 z x 71 8 own nature ^u !irs1 till !y confront him z a k9d ( image ( himself 9 an ali5 /uff4 ,s f>1 !n1 he has a ,good1 & a ,good pres5t$ to him z real2 b = ! ,goodness ( ?is reality he is himself responsible4 ,9 s f> z x is1 s to speak1 m]ely real1 x has /ill ! nature :i* 0 fir/ pres5t$ to him1 be=e he began 8 "w--a nature indiff]5t1 if n oppos$1 to all 8 op]ations1 z is %[n by ! fact t x *anges & passes away into some?+ else1 j z x w\ld h done if he _h nev] t\*$ x4 ,to ?is nature he has1 z ,i said1 done a c]ta9 viol5ce 9 ord] to /amp ^u x ! appe>ance ( ,good2 b ! ,good is /ill1 9 a s5se1 only an appe>ance2 ! reality ( ! ?+ rema9s indep5d5t & ali54 ,s t :at ! man has f\nd1 9 s f> z he has f\nd ,good1 is aft] all only a =m ( himself2 & "o c conceive him feel+ a k9d ( despair1 l t ( ,wotan 9 ! ,walkre1 :5 9 8 que/ = a free1 sub/antial1 self-subsi/5t ,good he f9ds aft] all1 = ev]1 no?+ b images ( himself3 ',das ,&re1 das i* ersehne1 ,das ,&re1 erseh' i* nie4' ,i don't "k :e!r :at ,i am say+ is intelligible1 = ,i f9d x r h>d to put x into words4 ,yes1 he said1 ,i ?9k ,i und]/&4 ,b :at y are say+1 s f> z x is true1 seems to be true only = ! arti/ himself4 ,to all o!rs ! "w ( ,art mu/ appe> z some?+ indep5d5t ( !mselves4 ,true1 ,i said1 & yet ,i ?9k t !y too feel1 or might be made to f$ if x 7 br\ght home to !m1 ?is same antagonism betwe5 ! nature ( ! /uff & ! =m t has be5 giv5 to x4 ,! =m w seem f ?is po9t ( view some?+ factiti\s & artificial giv5 to ! /uff1 n inde$ by !mselves1 b by "o l !mselves1 & 9 _! int]e/4 ,!y w contra/1 p]haps1 z is (t5 done1 a picture ( ! l&scape ) ! l&scape ,itself4 ,! picture1 !y w say1 h[ev] beautiful1 is n a 'natural' ,good1 n a real ,good1 n a ,good 9 its own "r2 x is a k9d ( make%ift produc$ by human ef=t1 beautiful1 if y w1 admirable1 if y w1 to be s\ght1 to be *]i%$1 to be lov$ 9 default ( a bett]1 ) ! be/ faculties ( bra9 & s\l1 b /ill n t ultimate ?+ we want$1 t ,good 9 & ( itself1 z well z ?r\gh & = u1 ,good by its own nature ap>t f our int]position1 self-mov$1 self-det]m9$1 self-dep5d5t1 & 9 :i* alone our desires c\ld f9ally re/4--,don't y ?9k t "s su* feel+ may1 p]haps1 be at ! bottom ( ,b>tlett's criticism ( ,art z unreal8 ,b>tlett laugh$4 ,if s1 he said1 x is q unkn[n to myself4 ,= to tell ! tru?1 ,i h n und]/ood a ^w t y h said4 ,well1 ,i said1 9 t case1 at any rate y c't disagree ) me4 ,b :at d ! o!rs ?9k8 ,& ,i turn$ to ,d5nis & ,leslie1 = ,wilson & ,p>ry did n seem to be att5d+4 ,leslie ass5t$ ) en?usiasm4 ,b ,d5nis %ook 8 head4 ,i don't "k1 he said1 :at to ?9k ab\t all t4 ,x seems to me r irrelevant to ! "w ( ,art z su*4 ,p]haps1 ,i said1 b surely n to ! "w ( ,art z ,good8 ,or d y n agree ) me t ! true ,good mu/ be su* purely ( its own nature8 ,p]haps s1 he repli$2 x wants ?9k+ ov]4 ,b 9 any case ,i agree ) y s f>1 t ,i %\ld nev] place ! ,good 9 ,art4 ,9 :at !n8 ,i %\ld be mu* m incl9$ to place x 9 ,k4 ,9 ,k6 ,i repeat$4 ,t seems to me v /range6 ,b :y /range8 he said4 ,surely !re is good au?ority = ! view4 ,x 0 ,ari/otle's = example1 & ,sp9oza's4 ,i "k1 ,i repli$1 & ,i us$ to ?9k x 0 also m9e4 ,b ( late ,i h come to realize m cle>ly :at ,k is2 & n[ ,i see1 or seem to see1 t :atev] its value may be1 x is some?+ t falls v f> %ort ( ,good4 ,:y1 he said1 :at is y\r idea ( ,k8 ,y _h bett] ask ,wilson1 ,i repli$1 x is he :o has in/ruct$ me4 ,v well1 he said1 ,i appeal to ,wilson4 ,& ,wilson1 no?+ lo?1 enunciat$ 8 def9ition ( ,k4 ,k1 he said1 is ! description & summ+ up 9 brief =mul ( ! r\t9e ( our p]ceptions4 ,!re6 ,i exclaim$4 ,no "o1 ,i suppose1 w\ld id5tify t ) ,good8 ,b--object$ ,d5nis--9 ! fir/ place1 ,i don't und]/& ! def9ition2 &1 9 ! second place1 ,i don't agree ) x4 ,z to und]/&+ x1 repli$ ,wilson1 !re ne$ be no difficulty !re4 ,y h only to seize cle>ly "o or two ma9 positions4 ,fir/1 t ,k is ( p]ceptions only1 n ( ?+s 9 !mselves2 secondly1 t ^! p]ceptions occur 9 fix$ r\t9es2 ?irdly 444 ,b1 int]rupt$ ,d5nis1 :at is a p]ception8 ,i suppose x's a p]ception ( some?+8 ,no1 he said1 ,i don't "k t x is4 ,:at !n8 ,simply a /ate 9 me8 ,v likely4 ,!n does no?+ exi/ except my /ates8 ,no?+ else exi/s prim>ily = y4 ,!n :at ab\t ! _w be=e ,i exi/$1 & aft] ,i cease to exi/8 ,y inf] su* a _w f y\r /ates4 ,!n !re is some?+ besides my /ates--?is _w :i* ,i inf]2 & t1 ,i suppose1 & n m]ely my p]ceptions1 is ! reality ( :i* ,i h k8 ,n exactly1 he repli$1 ! fact is 444 ,i don't ?9k1 ,i int]rupt$1 t we ought to plunge into a discussion ( ! nature ( ,reality4 ,x is ,good ) :i* we are at pres5t conc]n$4 ,b1 said ,d5nis1 we want$ to f9d out ! connection ( ,k ) ,good2 & to d s we mu/ fir/ discov] :at ,k is4 ,well !n1 ,i said1 let u fir/ take ,wilson's acc\nt ( ,k1 & see :at he makes ( t ) reg>d to ,good2 & !n we w take y\rs1 & see :at we make ( t4 ,& if we don't f9d t ei!r satisfies ! requirem5ts ( ,good we w leave ,k & g on to some?+ else4 ,v well1 he repli$1 ,i am cont5t1 s long z ,i get my *ance4 ,y %all h y\r *ance4 ,b fir/ we w take ,wilson4 ,& ,i d>e say he w n keep u long4 ,= y w h>dly ma9ta91 ,i suppose1 ,i cont9u$1 turn+ to him1 t ,k1 z y def9e x1 c\ld be id5tifi$ ) ,good8 ,i don't "k1 he said2 to tell ! tru?1 ,i don't mu* believe 9 ,good1 9 any absolute s5se4 ,b t ,k1 z ,i def9e x1 is a good ?+1 ,i h no d\bt :atev]4 ,nei!r h ,i1 ,i repli$2 b good1 z x seems to me1 ma9ly z a means1 9 s f> z x enables u to ma/] ,nature4 ,well1 he said1 & :at great] ,good c\ld !re be8 ,i don't dispute ! greatness ( su* a ,good4 ,i m]ely wi% to po9t out t if we look at x s1 x is 9 ! ma/]y ( ,nature t ! ,good 9 "q consi/s1 & n 9 ! ,k itself4 ,or %\ld y say t !re is ,good 9 ! sci5tific activity itself1 q ap>t f any practical results to :i* x may lead8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$1 & ! =m]1 9 my op9ion1 is ! high] & m ideal ,good4 ,?is activity itself ( inv5t+ brief =mul to resume ! r\t9e ( our p]ceptions8 ,yes4 ,well1 b :at is ! ,good ( x8 ,t is :at x is s h>d = a layman to get hold (4 ,does x consi/ 9 ! discov]y ( ,reality8 ,= t1 ,i c\ld und]/&1 w\ld be good4 ,no1 he said1 = we d n pr(ess to t\* ,reality4 ,we deal m]ely ) our p]ceptions4 ,s t :51 = example1 y conceive su* & su* a p]fect fluid1 or :atev] y call x1 & su* & su* motions 9 x1 y d n suppose ?is fluid to be real4 ,no4 ,x is m]ely a conception by means ( :i* we are enabl$ to give an acc\nt ( ! ord] 9 :i* c]ta9 ( our p]ceptions occur4 ,b x is v satisfactory to be able to give su* an acc\nt4 ,i suppose x mu/ be1 ,i said1 b once m1 c\ld y say m precisely :]e9 ! satisfaction consi/s8 ,is x1 p]haps1 9 ! discov]y ( necess>y connections8 ,no1 he said1 we don't admit necessity4 ,we admit only an ord] :i* is1 z a matt] ( fact1 regul>4 ,y say1 = example1 t x s happ5s t all bodies d move 9 relation to "o ano!r 9 ! way summ$ up 9 ! law ( gravitation2 b t y see no reason :y !y %\ld8 ,yes4 ,b 444 began ,d5nis1 :o _h f\nd difficulty all ?is "t 9 re/ra9+ himself4 ,"o mom5t6 ,i plead$1 let ,wilson h 8 say4 ,& turn+ to him ,i cont9u$3 ,if1 !n1 ! satisfaction to be d]iv$ f sci5tific activity does n consi/ 9 ! discov]y ( ,reality1 nor yet 9 t ( necess>y connection1 :]e9 %\ld y say1 does x consi/8 ,p]haps 9 ! regulat+ ( expectation8 ,:at d y mean by t8 ,i mean1 t x is pa9ful = u to live 9 a _w 9 :i* we don't "k :at to expect2 x excites n only our fe>s & appreh5sions1 b also a k9d ( intellectual disgu/4 ,&1 conv]sely1 x is a relief & a pleasure to discov] an ord] among our exp]i5ces1 n only because x enables u ! bett] to utilize !m = our ends 7= t belongs to ! practical results ( sci5ce71 b because 9 itself we pref] ord] to disord]1 ev5 if no o!r advantage 7 to be got out ( x4 ,i don't "k t we d6 object$ ,ellis1 x dep5ds on ! k9d ( ord]4 ,an ord] ( dull r\t9e is f> m intol]able ?an a disord] ( spl5did possibilities6 ,ask ! ,ori5tal :y he objects to ,briti% rule6 ,simply because x is regul>6 ,he pref]s ! *ances ( rap9e1 viol5t & picturesque1 to ! dre>y ma*9e-l depr$ations ( ! tax-collector4 ,yes1 ,i said1 b !re y take 9 a numb] ( complex factors4 ,i 0 ?9k+ m]ely ( ! ,good to be got out ( sci5tific activity z su*4 ,& ,i ?9k !re is an intellectual satisfaction 9 ! discov]y ( ord]1 ev5 ?\gh x be dissociat$ f necessity4 ,no d\bt !re is1 said ,wilson1 b ,i %\ldn't say t is ! only reason = our delight 9 ,k4 ,! fact is1 ,k is an ext5sion ( exp]i5ce1 & is good simply z su*4 ,! s5se ( ,m & /ill ,m beyond :at has yet be5 discov]$1 ( new facts1 new successions1 new comb9ations1 ( ev] fre% appeals to our int]e/1 our wond]1 our admiration1 ! m]e excitem5t ( discov]y = its own sake1 q ap>t f any?+ else to :i* x may lead1 a da% ( adv5ture1 too1 a height5+ ( life--t is :at is ! real spur to sci5ce &1 to my m9d1 its suffici5t ju/ification4 ,b1 ,i object$1 t is r an acc\nt ( ! g5]al process ( ,exp]i5ce ?an ( ! special "o ( ,k4 ,no d\bt !re is an attraction 9 all activity--,ellis has already exp\nd$ x2 & all exp]i5ce involves a k9d ( ,k2 b :at we want$ to get at 0 ! special attraction ( sci5tific activity2 & t seems to be1 s f> z ,i c see1 simply ! discov]y ( ord]4 ,well1 he said1 if y l--:at !n8 ,:y1 !n1 ,i said1 we c easily see ! defect 9 ?is k9d ( activity1 :5 view$ f ! /&po9t ( ,good4 ,:at is x8 ,:y1 cle>ly1 t t 9 :i* we discov] ! ord] may be bad4 ,!re is a sci5ce ( disease z well z ( heal?2 & an activity conc]n$ ) ! ,bad c\ld h>dly be purely good1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 a discov]y ( ord] 9 ! ,bad4 ,or d y ?9k t if all m5 7 diseas$1 !y w\ld nev]!less be 9 possession ( ! ,good1 if only !y _h p]fect k ( ! laws ( disease8 ,no1 he said1 ( c\rse n4 ,we h to take into acc\nt1 n only ! "* ( ,k1 b ! "* ( ! object kn[n4 ,q s1 t is my po9t4 ,y agree !n ) me t ,k may be 9 v>i\s ways good1 b t 9 s f> z x is1 or may be k ( ,bad1 x _c be said by itself to con/itute ! ,good4 ,i ?9k1 he agre$1 t ,i might admit t4 ,well1 !n1 ,i said1 let u leave x !re4 ,& n[1 :at has ,d5nis to say8 ,ah6 he said1 y unmuzzle me at la/4 ,x has really be5 v h>d to sit by 9 sil5ce & li/5 to ^! h]esies )\t a prote/4 ,h]esies6 retort$ ,wilson1 if x comes to t1 :i* ( u is ! h]etic8 ,:at1 ,i ask$1 is ! po9t ( disagreem5t8 ,x's a fundam5tal "o4 ,on ,wilson's view1 ,k is m]ely ! discov]y ( ord] among our p]ceptions4 ,if t 7 all1 ,i %\ldn't value x mu*4 ,b on my view1 x is ! discov]y ( necess>y connection2 & 9 ! necessity lies ! fasc9ation4 ,b :]e1 argu$ ,wilson1 d y f9d y\r necessity8 ,all t is really giv5 is succession4 ,! necessity is m]ely :at we read into ! facts4 ,n at all6 ,! necessity is 'giv51' z y call x1 z mu* z any?+ else1 if only y *oose to look = x4 ,! type ( all ,k is ma!matical k2 & all ma!matical k is necess>y4 ,b x is all bas$ on assumptions4 ,t may be2 b grant+ ! assumptions1 x d$uces f !m necess>y consequ5ces4 ,& all true sci5ce is ( t type4 ,a law ( ,nature is n a m]e description ( a r\t9e2 x's a /atem5t t1 giv5 su* & su* conditions1 su* & su* results foll[ ( necessity4 ,/ill1 y admit t ! conditions h to be giv56 ,ev]y?+ is bas$ ultimately on c]ta9 successions & co9cid5ces ( :i* all t c be said is simply t !y exi/1 )\t any possibility ( gett+ beh9d !m4 ,i don't "k ab\t t1 he said1 b at any rate x w\ld be ! ideal ( ,k to e/abli% necess>y connections ?r\gh\t2 s t1 giv5 any "o ph5om5on ( ! univ]se1 all ! re/ w\ld inevitably foll[4 ,& x is only 9 s f> z x progresses t[>ds ?is consummation t ,k is ,k at all4 ,a r\t9e simply giv5 )\t int]nal coh]5ce is to my m9d a contradiction 9 t]ms2 ei!r ! r\t9e is necess>y1 or x's n a r\t9e at all1 b at be/ a m]e appe>ance ( a r\t9e4 ,i ?9k1 ,i int]pos$1 we mu/ leave y & ,wilson to fight ?is out 9 private4 ,at pres5t1 let u assume t y\r conception ( ,k is ! true "o1 z we did ) 81 & exam9e x f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,good4 ,y\r conception1 !n1 to beg9 )1 seems to me to be involv$ 9 ! same defect we h already not$--namely1 t x may be k ( ,bad j z mu* z k ( ,good4 ,& ,i suppose y w\ld h>dly ma9ta91 any m ?an ,wilson did1 t ! ,good may consi/ 9 k ( ,bad8 ,b1 he object$1 ,i prote/ altoge!r aga9/ ?is notion t !re is ,k on ! "o h& & some?+ ( :i* !re is k on ! o!r4 ,true ,k1 if ev] we c\ld atta9 to x1 w\ld be a unique k9d ( activity1 9 :i* !re w\ld be no di/9ction1 or at lea/ no antagonism1 betwe5 ?9k+ on ! "o h& & ! ?+ ?\ght on ! o!r4 ,i don't "k1 ,i said1 t ,i q und]/&4 ,h we 9 fact any k ( t k9d1 t might s]ve z a k9d ( type ( :at y mean8 ,yes1 he repli$1 ,i ?9k we h4 ,= example1 if we are deal+ ) pure numb]1 z 9 ari?metic1 we h an object :i* is someh[ native to our ?\ght1 comm5surate ) x1 or h[ev] y l to put x2 & x is ! same ) o!r ab/ract notions1 su* z sub/ance & causation4 ,i see1 ,i said4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 ! elem5t :i* is ali5 to ?\ght1 & :i* is ! cause ( ! impurity ( mo/ ( :at we call k1 is ! elem5t ( s5se--! some?+ giv51 :i* ?\ght _c1 z x 71 dige/1 ?\gh x may dress & s]ve x up 9 its own sauce8 ,yes1 he said1 t is my idea4 ,s t k1 to be p]fect1 mu/ n be ( s5se1 b only ( pure ?\ght1 z ,plato sugge/$ long ago8 ,yes4 ,& su* a k1 if we c\ld atta9 x1 y w\ld call ! ,good8 ,i ?9k s4 ,well1 ,i said1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i h to po9t out t su* a ,good 7if x be "o7 implies an exi/5ce n m]ely bett] ?an t ( :i* we h an exp]i5ce1 b radically & fundam5tally diff]5t4 ,= our :ole life is ba!d 9 s5se4 ,n only are we sunk 9 x up to ! neck1 b ! great] "p ( ! "t our heads are "u too1--9 fact mo/ ( u nev] get !m out at all2 x is only a few philosoph]s e n[ & aga9 :o em]ge = a mom5t or two into sun & air1 to brea! t elem5t ( pure ?\ght :i* is too f9e ev5 = !m1 except z a r>e indulg5ce4 ,at o!r times1 !y too mu/ be cont5t ) ! gross] atmosph]e :i* is ! common su/5ance ( common m54 ,well1 he said1 b :at ( t8 ,we h n be5 ma9ta9+ t ! ,good is )9 easy rea* ( all4 ,no1 cri$ ,ellis4 ,b ev5 if x 71 & 7 su* z y describe x1 v few p w\ld c>e to put out _! h&s to take x4 ,i1 at any rate1 = my "p c see h>dly a ve/ige ( ,good 9 ! k9d ( activity ,i und]/& y to mean4 ,x is z ?\gh y %\ld say1 t ,good consi/s 9 ! p]petual p]ception t #b #b #d4 ,b t is an absurd p>ody4 ,= ! po9t ( k w\ld be1 t x w\ld be a clos$ circle ( necess>y connections4 ,"o w\ld move 9 x1 z 9 inf9ity1 ) a motion t is also re/1 c5tral at once & p]iph]al1 free & yet b\nd by law4 ,t is my ideal ( a p]fect activity6 ,9 =m1 p]haps1 ,i said1 b surely n 9 cont5t6 ,= :at1 9 fact1 9 our exp]i5ce comes ne>e/ to :at y describe8 ,i suppose ! movem5t ( a logic l ,hegel's8 ,yes2 only t1 ( c\rse1 is imp]fect1 full ( lapses & flaws6 ,b ev5 if x 7 p]fect1 cri$ ,ellis1 w\ld x be any ! bett]8 ,imag9e be+ depriv$ ( ! :ole cont5t ( life--( nature1 ( hi/ory1 ( art1 ( religion1 ( ev]y?+ 9 :i* we are really int]e/$2 imag9e be+ left to turn = ev]1 l a squirrel 9 a cage1 or r l ! idea ( a squirrel 9 ! idea ( a cage1 r\nd & r\nd ! :eel ( ^! holl[ notions1 )\t h&s1 )\t feet1 )\t any?+ any:]e by :i* we c\ld lay hold ( a some?+ t is n ?\ght1 a some?+ solid1 resi/ant1 palpitat+1 'lusci\s & aplomb1' z ,walt ,:itman might say1 a s5se1 a fle%1 call x :at y w1 ! un9telligible1 b /ill ! indisp5sable1 t :i*1 ev5 if x be bad1 we _c af=d to miss1 & :i*1 if x be n ! ,good itself1 ! ,good mu/ someh[ include6 ,d5nis appe>$ to be some:at /ruck by ?is way ( putt+ ! matt]4 ,b1 he urg$1 my difficulty is t if y admit s5se1 or any?+ analog\s to x1 any?+ at once directly pres5t$ & also ali5 to ?\ght1 y get1 z y said y\rself1 some?+ :i* is un9telligible2 & a ,good :i* is n intelligible w be1 s f>1 n good4 ,b1 ,i said1 :at d y mean by intelligible8 ,i ?9k1 he repli$1 t ,i mean two ?+s1 bo? ( :i* mu/ be pres5t4 ,fir/1 t !re %all be a necess>y connection among ! elem5ts pres5t$2 & secondly1 t ! elem5ts !mselves %\ld be ( su* a k9d z to be1 z x 71 transp>5t to t :i* appreh5ds !m1 s t x asks no que/ions z to :at !y are or :5ce !y come1 b accepts !m naturally & z a matt] ( c\rse1 ) ! same inevitability z x accepts its own be+4 ,& ^! conditions1 y ?9k1 are fulfill$ by ! objects ( ?\ght z y def9$ !m8 ,i ?9k s4 ,i am n s sure ( t1 ,i said1 x w\ld require a long discussion4 ,b1 anyh[1 y also seem$ to admit1 :5 ,ellis press$ y1 t ?\ght ( t k9d c\ld h>dly be id5tifi$ absolutely ) ,good4 ,i admit1 he repli$1 t !re are difficulties 9 t view4 ,b at ! same "t ! ,good1 :atev] x be1 ought to be intelligible 9 ! s5se y h expla9$8 ,i %\ld say s4 ,& s %\ld ,i4 ,b n[1 ! "q is1 c we n conceive ( any o!r k9d ( object1 :i* might h1 on ! "o h&1 ! intelligibility y ascribe to pure ideas1 & on ! o!r1 t imm$iate some?+1 'lusci\s & aplomb1' to borr[ ,ellis's quotation1 :i* he desid]at$ z a con/itu5t ( ! ,good8 ,i don't "k1 he said1 p]haps we might4 ,:at is x y h 9 y\r m9d8 ,well1 ,i repli$1 let u recur = a mom5t to works ( art4 ,9 !m we h1 to beg9 )1 directly pres5t$ elem5ts o!r ?an m]e ideas4 ,no d\bt4 ,& fur!r1 ^! elem5ts1 we agre$1 h a necess>y connection "o ) ! o!r4 ,yes1 b n logically necess>y4 ,no d\bt1 b /ill a necess>y connection4 ,& x is ! necessity ( ! connection1 surely1 t is important2 ! "* ( ! necessity is a second>y consid]ation4 ,p]haps4 ,"o condition1 !n1 ( intelligibility is satisfi$ by a "w ( art4 ,b h[ is x ) ! o!r8 ,h[ is x ) ! elem5ts !mselves8 ,are !y transp>5t1 to use y\r phrase1 to t :i* appreh5ds !m8 ,c]ta9ly n1 = !y are m]e s5se--( all ?+s ! mo/ obscure & baffl+4 ,& yet1 ,i repli$1 n m]e s5se1 = !y are s5se made beautiful2 z beautiful1 !y are ak9 to u1 &1 s f>1 intelligible4 ,y sugge/1 !n1 t ,beauty is ak9 to some?+ 9 u1 9 a way analog\s to t 9 :i*1 accord+ to me1 ideas are ak9 to ?\ght8 ,x seems s to me4 ,9 s f> z a ?+ is beautiful x does n1 ,i ?9k1 dem& explanation1 b only 9 s f> z x is some?+ else z well4 ,p]haps4 ,b anyh[1 inasmu* z a "w ( art is also s5se1 s f> at lea/ x is n intelligible4 ,true2 & "h we come by a new pa? ^u ! defect :i* we notic$ be=e 9 works ( art--t _! ,beauty1 or ,goodness1 is n ess5tial to _! :ole nature1 b is some?+ impos$1 z x 71 on an ali5 /uff4 ,& x is ?is ali5 elem5t t we n[ pron\nce to be un9telligible4 ,yes2 & s1 z we agre$ be=e1 we _c pron\nce works ( art to be absolutely good4 ,no4 ,b :at are we to d !n8 ,:]e are we to turn8 ,is !re no?+ 9 our exp]i5ce to sugge/ ! k9d ( object we seem to want8 ,no "o answ]$4 ,i look$ r\nd 9 va9 = any help1 & !n1 9 a k9d ( despair1 mov$ by ,i "k n :at impulse1 ,i made a direct appeal to ,audubon4 ,come6 ,i cri$1 y h said no?+ = ! la/ h\r6 ,i am sure y mu/ h some?+ to sugge/4 ,no1 he said1 ,i hav5't4 ,y\r :ole way ( deal+ ) ^! ?+s is a my/]y to me4 ,i c't conceive1 = example1 :y y h nev] once ref]r$ all ?r\gh to :at ,i %\ld h ?\ght 0 ! be/ ,good we "k--if1 inde$1 we "k any ,good at all4 ,:at d y mean8 ,:y1 he said1 "o's relations to p]sons4 ,!y're ! only ?+s t ,i ?9k really wor? hav+--if any?+ 7 wor? hav+4 ,a light sudd5ly broke on me1 & ,i cri$1 ,yes6 an idea6 ,well1 said ,ellis1 :at is x1 y man ( =lorn hopes8 ,:y1 ,i said1 suppose ! v object we are 9 se>* ( %\ld be f\nd j !re8 ,:]e8 ,:y1 9 p]sons6 ,p]sons6 he repeat$4 ,b :at p]sons8 ,any1 e1 all8 ,wait "o mom5t1 ,i cri$1 & don't confuse me6 ,let me approa* ! matt] prop]ly4 ,v well1 he said1 y %an't be hurri$6 ,y %all h y\r *ance4 ,let u rem9d ourselves1 !n1 ,i proce$$1 ( ! po9t we _h rea*$4 ,! ,good1 we agre$1 s f> z we h be5 able to =m a conception ( x1 mu/ be some?+ imm$iately pres5t$1 & pres5t$ 9 su* a way1 t x %\ld be directly intelligible--intelligible n only 9 ! relations t obta9 betwe5 its elem5ts1 b also 9 ! sub/ance1 s to speak1 ( ! elem5ts !mselves4 ,( su* intelligibility we _h a type1 z ,d5nis ma9ta9$1 9 ! objects ( pure ?\ght1 ideas & _! relations4 ,b ! ,good1 we held1 c\ld n consi/ 9 ^!4 ,x mu/ be some?+1 we felt1 someh[ analog\s to s5se1 & yet x c\ld n be s5se1 = s5se did n seem to be intelligible4 ,b n[1 :5 ,audubon spoke1 x occurr$ to me t p]haps we might f9d 9 p]sons :at we want ,& t is :at ,i %\ld l to exam9e n[4 ,well1 said ,ellis1 proce$4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 a p]son1 ,i suppose we %all agree1 is n s5se1 ?\gh he is manife/$ ?r\gh s5se4 ,:at does t mean8 said ,wilson4 ,x means only1 t a p]son is n 8 body1 al?\gh we "k him ?r\gh 8 body4 ,if he isn't 8 body1 said ,wilson1 he is probably only a function ( x4 ,oh6 ,i said1 ,i "k no?+ ab\t t4 ,i only "k t :5 we talk ( a p]son1 we don't mean m]ely 8 body4 ,no1 said ,ellis1 b we c]ta9ly mean also 8 body4 ,heav5 save me f a m]e nak$ s\l1 'ganz ohne ,krp]1 ganz ab/rakt1' z ,he9e says4 ,b1 at any rate1 ,i said1 let me ask y1 = ! mom5t1 to consid] ! s\l ap>t f ! body4 ,! s\l1 cri$ ,wilson1 ,i ?\ght we w]5't to talk ab\t body & s\l4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i didn't int5d to1 b ,i seem to h be5 driv5 into x unaw>es4 ,b :at d y mean by ! s\l8 ,i mean1 ,i repli$1 :at ,i suppose to be ! prop] object ( psy*ology--= ev5 p :o object to ! ^w 's\l' don't m9d talk+ 79 ,greek1 ( c\rse7 ( ! sci5ce ( ! s\l4 ,anyh[1 :at ,i mean is t :i* ?9ks & feels & wills4 ,well1 b :at ab\t x8 said ,ellis4 ,! fir/ ?+ ab\t x is t x is1 z x seems to me1 ( all ?+s ! mo/ intelligible4 ,i %\ld h said1 ,wilson object$1 t x 0 ( all ?+s ! lea/4 ,yes2 b we are probably ?9k+ ( diff]5t ?+s4 ,:at y h 9 y\r m9d is ! connection ( ?is ?+ :i* y refuse to call ! s\l1 ) ! body1 ! g5esis & relations ( its v>i\s faculties1 ! measurem5t ( its response to /imuli1 & all ! o!r po9ts :i* are exam9$ 9 books ( psy*ology4 ,all t ,i agree is v un9telligible2 ,i1 at lea/1 make no pr(ession ( und]/&+ x4 ,b :at ,i meant 01 t look+ at p]sons z we "k !m 9 ord9>y life1 or z !y are %[n to u 9 lit]ature & art1 !y really are intelligible to u 9 ! same way t we are intelligible to ourselves4 ,& h[ is t8 ,:y1 ?r\gh motives & passions4 ,!re is1 ,i suppose1 no feel+ or action ( :i* human be+s are capable1 f ! v highe/ to ! v l[e/1 :i* o!r human be+s may n sympa!tically und]/&1 ?r\gh ! m]e fact t !y h ! same nature4 ,!y w und]/& m or less accord+ z !y h m or less sympa?y & insight2 b 9 any case !y are capable ( und]/&+1 & x is ! bus9ess ( lit]ature & art to make !m und]/&4 ,t is surely a curi\s use ( ! ^w 'und]/&4' ,b x is ! "o1 ,i ?9k1 :i* is important = u4 ,at any rate1 :at ,i mean is t ! object pres5t$ is s ak91 n inde$ 7z 9 ! case ( ideas7 m]ely to our ?\ght1 b to our :ole complex nature1 t x does n dem& explanation4 ,:at6 cri$ ,audubon4 ,well1 all ,i c say is t mo/ ( ! p ,i1 at any rate1 come across d mo/ emphatically dem& explanation4 ,i don't see :y !y're !re1 or :at !y're do+1 or :at !y're =4 ,_! exi/5ce ,is a p]petual problem to me6 ,& :at's worse1 probably my exi/5ce is ! same to !m6 ,b1 ,i said1 surely if y _h leisure or incl9ation to /udy !m all sympa!tically1 y w\ld end by und]/&+ !m4 ,i don't ?9k ,i %\ld4 ,at lea/ ,i might 9 a sort ( pa?ological way1 z "o comes to und]/& a disease2 b ,i %\ldn't und]/& :y !y exi/4 ,x seems to me1 mo/ p ar5't fit to exi/2 & ,i d>e say !y h ! same op9ion ab\t me4 ,b are !re no p ( ^: exi/5ce y approve8 ,yes1 a few3 my fri5ds4 ,surely1 cri$ ,ellis1 y flatt] u6 ,h[ (t5 h y said t y don't see :y we are ?is1 t1 or ! o!r6 ,h[ (t5 h y compla9$ ( our faces1 our legs1 our arms1 9 fact1 our :ole physique1 n to m5tion spiritual blemi%es6 ,well1 he repli$1 ,i don't d5y t x's a great grief to me to be unable really & objectively to approve ( any ( my fri5ds4 ,/ill---- ,/ill1 ,i int]rupt$1 y h giv5 me ! sugge/ion ,i want$4 ,= ! relation ( affection1 h[ev] imp]fect x may be1 gives u at lea/ some?+ :i* p]haps we %all f9d comes ne>] to :at we might conceive to be absolutely ,good ?an any?+ else we h yet hit ^u4 ,h[ s8 ,well1 to beg9 )1 "o's fri5d appe>s to "o1 does he n1 z an object good 9 its own nature1 n m]ely by imposition ( our own ideal ^u an ali5 /uff1 z we said 0 ! case ) works ( art8 ,i don't "k ab\t t6 said ,audubon4 ,9 my own case1 at any rate1 ,i am sure t my fri5ds nev] see me at all z ,i really am1 b simply read into me _! own ideal4 ,!y h j z mu* impos$ ^u me _! own conception1 z if ,i 7 ! m>ble out ( :i* !y _h c>d$ a /atue4 ,y mu/ all[ u to be ! judges ( t1 ,i repli$4 ,well1 b1 he said1 anyh[ y c't d5y t su* illusions are common4 ,:at lov] ev] saw 8 mi/ress z %e really is8 ,no1 ,i said1 ,i don't d5y t4 ,b at ! same "t ,i %\ld affirm t ! tru] ! love1 ! less ! illusion4 ,9 :at is commonly call$ love1 no d\bt1 ! physical elem5t is ! pr$om9ant1 or ev5 ! only "o pres5t2 & 9 t case !re may be illusion to an indef9ite ext5t4 ,b ! love :i* is bas$ ^u ye>s ( common exp]i5ce1 :i* has gr[n ) ! gr[? ( ! :ole p]son1 9 p[] & intellig5ce & insight1 :i* has surviv$ c\ntless disappo9tm5ts & surm\nt$ c\ntless ob/acles1 ! love ( husb& & wife1 ! love1 z we began by say+1 ( fri5ds--su* love1 z ,br[n+ says boldly1 'is nev] bl9d4' ,& su* love1 ,i suppose y w admit1 does exi/1 h[ev] r>ely8 ,yes1 ,i suppose s4 ,well1 !n1 9 ! case ( su* a love1 x is ! object z x really is1 n z x has be5 falsely fa%ion$ by ! imag9ation1 t is directly appreh5d$ z good4 ,& y _c fairly say t its ,good is m]ely ! ideal ( ! lov] transf]r$ to ! p]son ( ! lov$4 ,b1 object$ ,leslie1 ?\gh t may be s1 yet /ill ! ,good1 t ,is ! p]son1 does inh]e 9 an ali5 /uff--! body4 ,b1 ,i repli$1is ! body ali58 ,is x n r an expression ( ! p]son8 z ess5tial1 someh[ or o!r1 z ! s\l8 ,c]ta9ly6 cri$ ,ellis4 ,give me ! fle%1 ! fle%6 ',n ) my s\l1 ,love6--bid no s\l l m9e ,lap !e ar\nd nor leave ! poor s5se room6 ,take s5se too--let me love entire & :ole-- ,n ) my s\l4' ,i don't agree ) ! s5tim5t ( t1 said ,leslie1 & anyh[1 ,i don't see h[ x be>s on ! "q4 ,= ! po9t ( ! poem is r to emphasize ?an to d5y ! opposition betwe5 body & s\l4 ,yes1 repli$ ,ellis1 b also to sugge/ :at y ideali/s call ! transc5d+ ( x4 ,d y mean t 9 ! m>riage relation1 = example 444 ,yes1 ,i mean t 9 t act ! fle%1 s to speak1 is annihilat$ at ! v mom5t ( its ass]tion1 & :at y get is a feel+ ( total union ) ! p]son1 body & s\l at once1 or r1 nei!r "o nor ! o!r1 b simply t :i* is 9 & ?r\gh bo?4 ,i %\ld h ?\ght1 object$ ,leslie1 x 0 r a case ( ! s\l be+ m]g$ 9 ! body4 ,t dep5ds1 repli$ ,ellis4 ,yes1 ,i said1 x dep5ds on _m ?+s6 ,b :at ,i 0 ?9k+ ( 0 t1 q ap>t f t exp]i5ce1 & 9 ! mom5ts ( sob] obs]vation1 "o does feel1 does "o n1 a correspond5ce betwe5 body & s\l1 z ?\gh ! "o 7 ! expression ( ! o!r8 ,i don't "k1 object$ ,audubon4 ,:at ,i feel is mu* m (t5 a discrepancy4 ,b /ill1 ,i urg$1 ev5 :5 !re appe>s to be a discrepancy to beg9 )1 don't y ?9k t 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s ! _s does t5d to /amp its own lik5ess on ! fle%1 & especially on ! features ( ! face8 ',= s\l is =m1' quot$ ,leslie1 '& do? ! body make4' ,yes1 ,i said1 & t v]se1 ,i believe1 is n m]ely a beautiful fancy ( ! poet's1 b r z ! ,greeks ma9ta9$--& on su* a po9t !y 7 good judges--a pr(\nd & significant tru?4 ,at any rate1 ,i f9d x to be s 9 ! case ( ! p ,i c>e ab\t--?\gh !re ,i "k ,audubon w diss5t4 ,9 !m1 e *ange ( expression1 e tone ( voice1 e ge/ure has its significance2 !re is no?+ t is n expressive--n a curl ( ! hair1 n a lift ( ! eyebr[s1 n a trick ( spee* or gait4 ,! body becomes1 z x 71 transp>5t & p]vi\s to ! s\l2 & t inexplicable elem5t ( s5se1 :i* baffles u ev]y:]e else1 seems "h at la/ to receive its explanation 9 pres5t+ itself z ! p]fect m$ium ( _s4 ,if y come to t1 cri$ ,ellis1 y might z well ext5d y\r rem>ks to ! clo!s4 ,= !y1 to a lov]'s eyes1 are (t5 z expressive & adorable z ! body itself4 ,well1 ,i said1 ! clo!s1 too1 are a sort ( image ( ! s\l1 'an imitation ( an imitation1' z ,plato w\ld say4 ,b1 s]i\sly1 don't y agree ) me t !re is some?+ 9 ! view :i* reg>ds ! body z ! '^w made fle%1' a direct expression ( ! p]son1 n a m]e /uff 9 :i* he ,inh]es8 ,yes1 he said1 !re may be some?+ 9 x4 ,at any rate1 ,i und]/& :at y mean4 ,& 9 s f> z t is s1 ,i cont9u$1 ! body1 ?\gh x be a ?+ ( s5se1 w\ld nev]!less be directly intelligible 9 ! same way z ! s\l8 ,p]haps1 9 a sort ( way4 ,& s we %\ld h ,9 ! p]son lov$ an object :i*1 ?\gh pres5t$ to s5se1 w\ld be at once good & intelligible2 & our activity 9 relation to ?is object1 ! activity1 t is1 ( love1 w\ld come ne>] ?an any o!r exp]i5ce ( ours to :at we might call a p]fect ,good8 ,b1 object$ ,leslie1 x is /ill f> en\gh f be+ ! ,good itself4 ,= aft] all1 say :at y may ab\t ! body be+ ! m$ium ( ! s\l1 x is /ill body1 /ill s5se1 &1 l o!r s5sible ?+s1 subject to *ange & decay1 & 9 ! end to dea?4 ,& ) ! fate ( ! body1 s f> z we "k1 t ( ! p]son is involv$4 ,s t ?is1 too1 l all o!r ,goods ( s5se1 is prec>i\s4' ,p]haps x is1 ,i said1 ,i _c tell4 ,b all t ,i mean to ma9ta9 at pres5t is t 9 ! activity ( love1 z we h analys$ x1 we h some?+ :i* gives u1 if x be only = a mom5t1 yet /ill 9 a real exp]i5ce1 an idea1 at lea/1 a sugge/ion1 to say no m1 ( :at we might mean by a p]fect ,good1 ev5 ?\gh we c\ld n say t x be ! ,good itself4 ,b :at1 !n1 w\ld y call ! ,good itself8 ,a love1 ,i suppose1 :i* 9 ! fir/ place w\ld be et]nal1 & 9 ! second all-compreh5sive4 ,= !re is ano!r defect 9 love1 z we "k x1 to :i* y did n ref]1 namely1 t x is a relation only to "o or two individuals1 :ile outside & beyond x proce$s ! ma9 curr5t ( our lives1 involv+ innum]able relations ( a v diff]5t k9d f ?is4 ,yes1 cri$ ,ellis1 & t is :y ?is gospel ( love1 ) all its attractiv5ess1 :i* ,i admit1 seems to me1 nev]!less1 s trivial & absurd4 ,j consid]6 ,"h is ! great r\nd _w ) all t 9 x is1 inf9ite 9 "t1 inf9ite 9 space1 inf9ite 9 complexity2 "h is ! :ole range ( human relations1 to say no?+ ( ^? t are n human1 ( activities innum]able 9 & ^u nature & man himself1 ( inv5tions1 discov]ies1 in/itutions1 laws1 arts1 sci5ces1 religions2 & ! mean+ & purpose & end ( all ?is we calmly ass]t to be--:at8 ,a girl & a boy kiss+ on ! village gre56 ,b1 ,i prote/$1 :o said any?+ ab\t boys & girls & kisses & village gre5s8 ,well1 ,i suppose t is love1 ( a sort8 ,yes1 ( a sort1 no d\bt2 b n a v good "o4 ,y are ?9k+1 !n1 ( a special k9d ( love8 ,i am ?9k+ ( ! k9d :i* ,i conceive to be ! be/4 ,& :at is t8 ,"o1 z ,i said j n[1 t %\ld be et]nal & all-compreh5sive4 ,& s1 9 ! end1 y h no?+ bett] ?an an imag9>y heav5 to l& u 96 ,i h no p[]1 ,i fe>1 to l& y !re4 ,b ,i believe !re is t dwell+ )9 y :i* w n let y re/ 9 any?+ %ort4 ,!n ,i fe> ,i %all nev] re/6 ,t may be4 ,b meantime all ,i want to d is to asc]ta91 if we c1 ! mean+ ( y\r unre/4 ,i h no int]e/ 9 :at y call an imag9>y heav51 except 9 s f> z its conception is necess>y to enable u to int]pret ! _w we "k4 ,b h[ %\ld x be necess>y8 ,i h nev] f\nd x s4 ,x is necess>y1 ,i ?9k1 to expla9 our dissatisfaction4 ,= ! ,goods we actually realize always po9t away f !mselves to "s o!r ,good ^: realization p]haps1 z y say1 = u is impossible4 ,b ev5 if ! ,good 7 *im]ical1 we _c d5y ! passion t pursues x2 = x is ! same passion t urges u to ! pursuit ( su* ,goods z we really c atta94 ,& if we want to und]/& ! nature ( t passion1 we mu/ und]/& ! nature ( its ,good1 :e!r x be atta9able or no4 ,only x is = ! sake ( life "h t we ne$ t compreh5sion1 n = ! sake ( life some:]e else4 ,b d y r$uce our passion = ,good to ?is passion = ,love8 ,i don't 'r$uce' x2 ,i int]pret x s4 ,& s we come back to ! girl & ! boy & ! village gre56 ,no6 we come back to ! :ole ( life1 ( :i* t is only an episode4 ,let me try to expla9 h[ ! ?+ pres5ts itself to me4 ,by all means6 ,t is :at ,i want4 ,v well2 ,i w d my be/4 ,let u look !n at life j z x is4 ,"h we f9d ourselves involv$ ) "o ano!r 9 ! mo/ complex relations--economic1 political1 social1 dome/ic1 & ! re/2 & ab\t & 9 ^! relations c5tres ! int]e/ ( our life1 :e!r x be pleasurable or pa9ful1 empty or full1 or :atev] its "*4 ,among ^! relations "s few p]haps--or1 x may be1 ev5 none--realize = a long] or %ort] "t1 ) m or less complet5ess1 t ultimate id5tity 9 div]sity1 t 'me 9 !e' :i* we call love2 ! re/ comprise v>i\s degrees ( attraction & repulsion1 hatr$1 contempt1 indiff]5ce1 tol]ation1 respect1 sympa?y1 & s on2 & all toge!r1 always *ang+1 dissolv+1 & comb9+ anew1 weave ab\t u1 z !y cross & int]tw9e1 ! %ift+1 re/less web we call life4 ,n[ ^! relations are an effect & result ( ! pursuit ( ,good2 b !y are nev] ! f9al goal ( t pursuit4 ,! goal1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld be a p]fect union ( all ) all2 & is n atta9$ by any?+ t falls %ort ( ?is1 :e!r ! defect be 9 dep? or ,9 ext5t4 ,& t is h[ x is t love itself1 ev5 9 its ri*] phases1 & /ill m 9 ^? :i* are m]ely light & s5sual1 ?\gh1 z ,i ?9k1 ?r\gh x alone c we =m our true/ conception ( ,good1 yet1 z we h x1 nev] is ! ,good1 ev5 if x appe> to be s = ! mom5t2 = ^? :o seek ,good1 ,i believe1 w nev] feel t !y h f\nd x m]ely 9 union ) "o o!r p]son4 ,= :at love ga9s 9 int5sion x is apt to lose 9 ext5sion2 s t 9 practice x may ev5 come to fru/rate ! v end x seeks1 limit+ in/ead ( exp&+1 n>r[+ j 9 proportion z x deep5s1 &1 by caus+ ! disruption ( all o!r ties1 impov]i%+ ! natures x %\ld h enri*$4 ,or don't y ?9k t ?is happ5s sometimes1 = in/ance 9 m>ri$ life8 ,i d inde$4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i cont9u$1 x may v well be t "o :o passes ?r\gh life )\t atta9+ ! fruition ( love1 yet ) 8 gaze always set ^u x1 9 & ?r\gh _m o!r connections1 may yet come clos] to ! end ( 8 seek+ ?an "o :o1 hav+ kn[n love1 has sunk to re/ 9 x !n & !re1 z ?\gh he _h come already to 8 j\rney's end1 :5 really he has only rea*$ an inn ^u ! road4 ,s t ,i am f> f ?9k+1 z y pret5d$ to suppose1 t ! boy & girl on ! village gre5 realize !n & !re ! consummation ( ! _w4 ,/ill1 he object$1 ,i d n see1 9 ! s*eme y put =w>d1 :at place is left = ! common bus9ess ( life--= ! ?+s :i* really d1 = ! mo/ "p1 occupy & possess m5's m9ds1 & ! m1 9 my op9ion1 ! great] _! =ce & capacity4 ,y mean1 ,i suppose1 w> & politics1 & su* ?+s z t8 ,yes1 & g5]ally all t "o calls bus9ess4 ,well1 ,i said1 :at ^! ?+s mean to ^? :o pursue !m1 ,i am n z compet5t z y to say4 ,b surely1 :at !y are 9 ess5ce is j1 l mo/ o!r activities1 relations betwe5 human be+s--relations ( comm& & ob$i5ce1 ( respect1 admiration1 antagonism1 comrade%ip1 inf9itely complex1 inf9itely v>i\s1 b /ill all ( !m /rung1 z x 71 ^u a s+le ?read ( passion2 all ( !m at t5sion to become some?+ else2 all po9t+ to ! consummation :i* x is ! nature ( t :i* creat$ !m to seek1 & all1 9 t s5se1 p>adoxical z x may s\nd1 only means to love4 ,y don't repudiate su* activities !n8 ,h[ %\ld ,i8 ,i repudiate no?+4 ,i am n try+ to judge1 b1 if ,i c\ld1 to expla94 ,x is ! m5 ( action1 ,i suppose1 :o h ! greate/ ext5sion ( life1 & sometimes1 no d\bt1 ! greate/ int5sion too4 ,b e man has to live 8 own way1 accord+ to 8 opportunities & capacity4 ,only1 z ,i ?9k myself1 all are involv$ 9 ! same s*eme1 & all are driv5 to ! same consummation4 ,a consummation 9 ! cl\ds6 ,i d n "k ab\t t2 b at any rate1 & ?is is ! important po9t1 t :i* urges u to x is "h & n[4 ,ev]y?+ is root$ 9 x4 ,our pleasures & pa9s alike1 our long+ & dissatisfaction1 our re/lessness nev]-to-be-qu5*$1 our c\nt+ z no?+ :at has be5 atta9$ 9 ! press+ on to m1 our ly+ d[n & ris+ up1 our /umbl+ & recov]+1 :e!r we fail1 z we call x1 or succe$1 :e!r we act or suff]1 :e!r we hate or love1 all t we are1 all t we hope to be spr+s f ! passion = ,good1 & po9ts1 if we are "r 9 our analysis1 to love z its end4 ,^u ?is ,audubon broke out3--,t's all v well6 ,b ! "o crucial po9t y p]si/5tly evade4 ,x may be q true1 = aught ,i "k1 t ! ,good y describe is ! ,good we seek--?\gh ,i am n aw>e ( seek+ x myself4 ,b1 aft] all1 ! real "q is1 ,c we get x8 ,if n1 we are m]e fools to seek x4 ,s1 ,i said1 y h br\ght me to bay at la/6 ,&1 s9ce y *all5ge me1 ,i am b\nd to admit t ,i don't "k :e!r we c get x or no4 ,well !n1 he said1 impati5tly1 :at is ! good ( all ?is discussion8 ,cle>ly1 ,i repli$1 no good at all1 if !re be no ,good1 :i* is ! po9t to :i* y are always h>k+ back4 ,b y h surely =gott5 ! basis ( our :ole argum5t8 ,:at basis8 ,:y1 t f ! v beg9n+ we h be5 try+ to f9d out1 n s mu* :at we "k 7= on t po9t ,i admit t we "k little en\gh71 z :at x is necess>y = u to believe1 if we are to f9d significance 9 life4 ,b h[ c we believe :at we don't "k8 ,:y1 ,i repli$1 we c surely adopt po/ulates1 z inde$ we always d 9 practical life4 ,e man :o is ab\t to und]take any?+ makes ! assumption1 9 ! fir/ place1 t x is wor? do+1 & ,9 ! second place t x is possible to be done4 ,he may be wrong 9 bo? ^! assumptions1 b )\t !m he c\ld n move a /ep4 ,& s ) reg>d to ! bus9ess ( life1 z a :ole1 x is necess>y to assume1 if we are to make any?+ ( x at all1 bo? t !re is ,good1 & t we "k some?+ ab\t x2 & also1 ,i ?9k1 t x is someh[ or o!r realizable2 b ,i d n "k t any ( ^! assumptions c\ld be prov$4 ,b :at "r h we1 !n1 to make su* assumptions8 ,we h none at all1 s f> z k is conc]n$4 ,inde$1 to my m9d1 x is necess>y1 if we are to be hone/ ) ourselves1 t we %\ld nev] =get t !y are assumptions1 s long z !y h n receiv$ def9ite pro(4 ,b /ill !y are1 ,i ?9k1 z ,i said1 assumptions we are b\nd to make1 if we are to give any mean+ to life4 ,we might p]haps call !m 'po/ulates ( ! w'2 & our attitude1 :5 we adopt !m1 t ( fai?4 ,fai?6 prote/$ ,wilson1 t is a dang]\s ^w6 ,x is1 ,i agre$4 ,yet ,i d\bt :e!r we c disp5se ) x4 ,only we mu/ rememb] t to h 'fai?' 9 a proposition is n to affirm t x is true1 b to live z we %\ld d if x 74 ,x is1 9 fact1 an attitude ( ! w1 n ( ! und]/&+2 ! attitude ( ! g5]al go+ into battle1 n ( ! philosoph] 9 8 closet4 ,b1 he object$1 :]e we d n "k1 ! prop] attitude is susp5se ( m9d4 ,9 _m matt]s1 no d\bt1 ,i repli$1 b surely n 9 ^? ) :i* we are deal+4 ,= we mu/ live or die2 & if we are to *oose to d ei!r1 we mu/ d s by virtue ( "s assumption ab\t ! ,good4 ,b :y %\ld we *oose to d ei!r8 ,:y %\ld n we simply wait8 ,b wait h[8 wait affirm+ or d5y+8 active or passive8 ,is x possible to wait )\t adopt+ an attitude8 ,is n wait+ itself an attitude1 an act+ on ! assumption t x is good to wait8 ,b1 at any rate1 x does n involve assumptions z l>ge z ^? :i* y are try+ to make u accept4 ,i am n try+ to make y d any?+2 ,i am only try+ to discov] :at y make y\rself d4 ,& d y1 z a matt] ( fact1 really dispute ! ma9 conclusions to :i* we h come1 or r1 if y w accept my phrase1 ! ma9 'po/ulates ( ! w' :i* we h elicit$8 ,:at are !y8 ,let me h !m aga94 ,well1 ,i said1 "h !y are4 ,fir/1 t ,good has "s mean+4 ,agre$6 ,second1 t we "k some?+ ab\t t mean+4 ,d\btful6 said ,d5nis4 ,b x w be no use n[ to resume t controv]sy4 ,no1 ,i repli$1 only ,i ?\ght ,i _h %[n t if we "k no?+ ab\t x1 !n1 = u1 x has no mean+2 & s our fir/ assumption is also de/roy$1 & ) x all significance 9 life4 ,well1 he said1 g on4 ,we c't g ov] all t aga94 ,?ird1 ,i cont9u$1 t among our exp]i5ces ! "o :i* comes ne>e/ to ,good is t :i* we call$ love4 ,possible6 said ,d5nis1 b a v t5tative approximation4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i agre$1 & subject to con/ant revision4 ,& aft] t8 ,well1 ,i said1 n[ comes ! po9t ,audubon rais$4 ,is x necess>y to include also ! po/ulate t ,good c be realiz$8 ,b surely1 object$ ,wilson1 "h at lea/ !re is no room = :at y call fai?4 ,= :e!r or no ! ,good c be realiz$ is a "q ( k4 ,no d\bt1 ,i repli$1 & s are all que/ions--if only we c\ld "k4 ,b ,i 0 assum+ t ?is is "o ( ! ?+s we d n "k4 ,b1 he said1 x is "o we are always com+ to "k4 ,e ye> we are le>n+ m & m ab\t ! c\rse & de/9y ( mank9d4 ,%\ld y say1 !n1 ,i ask$1 t we are ne>] to kn[+ :e!r or no ! s\l is immortal8 ,he look$ at me 9 %e] amazem5t2 & !n1 ,:at a "q6 he cri$4 ,i %\ld say t we h long kn[n t x isn't ,!n1 ,i said1 if s1 we "k t ! ,good _c be realiz$4 ,:at6 he exclaim$4 ,i _h n und]/ood t y\r conception ( ! ,good involv$ ! idea ( p]sonal immortality4 ,i am almo/ afraid x does1 ,i repli$1 b ,i am n q sure4 ,we h already t\*$ ^u ! po9t1 if y rememb]1 :5 we 7 consid]+ :e!r we mu/ reg>d ! ,good z realizable 9 ourselves1 or only 9 "s g5]ation ( p to come4 ,& we ?\ght !n t x mu/ someh[ be realizable 9 u4 ,b we did n see at ! "t :at t w\ld involve1 ?\gh ,i 0 afraid all along ( some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,well1 ,i said1 = fe> y %\ld ?9k y h be5 *eat$1 we w reconsid] ! po9t2 & fir/1 if y l1 we w suppose t we mean by ! ,good ( "s future g5]ation1 /ill reta9+ = ,good ! signification we gave to x4 ,! "q !n ( :e!r or no ! ,good c be realiz$1 w be ! "q :e!r or no x is possible t at "s future "t all individuals %\ld be knit toge!r 9 t ultimate relation :i* we call$ love4 ,b1 cri$ ,leslie1 ! love 0 to be et]nal6 ,s t _! s\ls at lea/ w\ld h to be immortal2 & if !irs1 :y n ours8 ,i look$ at ,wilson2 & ,well1 ,i said1 :at are we to say8 ,= my "p1 he repli$1 ,i h no?+ to say4 ,i consid] ! :ole idea ( immortality illegitimate4 ,yet on t1 ,i said1 hangs ! et]nal nature ( our ,good4 ,b may we reta91 p]haps1 ! all-compreh5siv5ess8 ,h[ c\ld we6 cri$ ,leslie1 = x is only ! individuals :o happ5$ to be alive :o c\ld be compreh5d$ s long z !y 7 alive4 ,ano!r glory %orn f our ,good6 ,i said4 ,/ill1 let u hold fa/ to :at we may6 ,%all we say t if ! ,good is to be realiz$ ! individuals !n alive1 s long z !y are alive1 w be b\nd toge!r 9 ?is relation8 ,y c say t if y l1 said ,wilson1 & some?+ ( t k9d ,i suppose "o w\ld envisage z ! end4 ,only ,i'm n sure t ,i v well "k :at y mean by love4 ,alas6 ,i cri$1 is ev5 t to g8 ,is no?+ at all to be left ( my poor conception8 ,y1 c say if y l1 he repli$1 & ,i suppose x comes to mu* ! same ?+1 t all individuals w be relat$ 9 a p]fectly h>moni\s way4 ,9 o!r words1 cri$ ,ellis1 t y w h a society p]fectly def9ite1 het]og5e\s1 & co-ord9ate6 ',!re's glory = y6' z ,humpty ,dumpty said4 ,well1 ,i said1 ?is is some?+ v diff]5t f :at we def9$ to be ,good6 ,b ?is1 at any rate1 y ?9k1 on gr\nds ( positive sci5ce1 t x might be possible to realize8 ,yes1 repli$ ,wilson2 or if n t1 ,i ?9k at any rate t sci5ce may ultimately be 9 a position to decide :e!r or no x c be realiz$4 ,b1 ,i said1 d y n ?9k ! same ab\t p]sonal immortality8 ,to be hone/1 he repli$1 ,i d n ?9k t ! "q ( p]sonal immortality is "o :i* sci5ce ought ev5 to ent]ta94 ,b1 ,i urg$1 ,i ?\ght sci5ce 0 beg9n+ to ent]ta9 x4 ,does n ! ',society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*' deal ) su* que/ions8 ',! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*6' he exclaim$4 ,i d n call t sci5ce4 ,well1 ,i said1 at any rate !re are m5 ( a sci5tific turn ( m9d connect$ ) x ,& ,i m5tion$ ! names ( "o or two1 :]eupon ,wilson broke out into indignation1 decl>+ ) mu* vehem5ce t ! g5tlem5 9 "q 7 br++ discr$it bo? ^u !mselves & ! ,univ]sity to :i* !y belong$2 & !n foll[$ a discussion ^u ! prop] objects & me?ods ( sci5ce1 :i* ,i d n exactly recall4 ,only ,i rememb] t ,wilson took up a position :i* l$ ,ellis1 ) "s ju/ice z ,i ?\ght1 to decl>e t sci5ce appe>$ to be develop+ all ! vices ( !ology )\t any ( its virtues--! dogmatism1 ! index expurgatorius1 & ! :ole ma*9]y = suppress+ speculation1 )\t any ( ! capacity to impose ^u ! consci5ce a cle> & well-def9$ s*eme ( life4 ,?is debate1 h[ev]1 0 c>ri$ on 9 a tone too polemic to elicit any really fruitful result2 & z soon z ,i 0 able ,i endeav\r$ to /e] ! conv]sation back into ! smoo!r wat]s f :i* x _h be5 driv54 ,let u admit1 ,i said1 if y l1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t on ! "q ( ! immortality ( ! s\l we d n & _c "k any?+ at all4 ,b1 object$ ,wilson1 ,i ma9ta9 t we d "k t !re is no f\ndation at all = ! idea4 ,x is a m]e reflection ( our hopes & fe>s1 or ( ^? ( our ance/ors4 ,b1 ,i said1 ev5 if x be1 t does n prove t x is n true2 x m]ely %[s t we h no suffici5t reason = ?9k+ x to be true4 ,well1 he said1 put x s1 if y l2 t is en\gh to relegate ! notion to ! limbo ( c5taurs & *imras4 ,:at we h no reason to suppose to be true1 we h no reason to conc]n ourselves )4 ,p>don me1 ,i repli$1 b ,i ?9k we h1 if ! idea is "o t int]e/s u1 z ,is ! case ) :at we are discuss+4 ,we may n "k :e!r or no x is true1 b we _c help pr(\ndly c>+4 ,well1 he said1 ,i may be peculi>ly con/itut$1 b1 hone/ly1 ,i d n myself c>e 9 ! lea/ ,b1 ,i said1 p]haps y ought to1 if y c>e ab\t ! ,good2 & t is really ! "q ,i want to come back to4 ,:at is ! m9imum we mu/ believe if we are to make life significant8 ,is x suffici5t to believe 9 :at y call ! 'progress ( ! race'8 ,or mu/ we also believe 9 ! progress ( ! individual1 involv+1 z x does1 p]sonal immortality8 ,well1 said ,wilson1 ,i don't pr(ess to take l(ty views ( life--t ,i leave to ! philosoph]s4 ,b ,i mu/ say x seems to me to be a f9] ?+ to "w = a future 9 :i* "o kn[s "o w n p>ticipate oneself ?an = "o 9 :i* "o's p]sonal happ9ess is involv$4 ,i h always sympa?iz$ ) ,comte1 p$ant z he 01 9 ! rem>k he made :5 he 0 dy+4 ,:i* "o8 int]rupt$ ,ellis4 ',quelle p]te irrp>able8' ,t always /ruck me z ! mo/ humor\s ?+ ev] said4 ,no1 said ,wilson1 gravely1 b :5 he said t ! prospect ( dea? w\ld be to him inf9itely less sublime1 if x did n involve 8 own ext9ction2 ! notion be+1 ,i suppose1 t dea? is ! triumphant affirmation ( ! supremacy ( ! race ov] ! individual4 ,& t1 ,i ?9k myself1 is ! s\nd & heal?y & manly view4 ,my de> ,wilson1 cri$ ,ellis1 y talk ( l(ty views2 b ?is is a p9nacle ( l(t9ess to :i* ,i1 = "o1 c\ld nev] aspire4 ,positively1 to rejoice 9 ! ext9ction ( ! individual ) 8 faculties undevelop$1 8 opportunities unrealiz$1 8 ambitions unfulfill$--:y x's sublime6 its ,kipl+ese--!re's no o!r ^w = x6 ,%ake h&s1 ,wilson6 y're a h]o4 ,really1 said ,wilson1 r impati5tly1 ,i see no?+ /ra9$ or high-falut+ 9 ! view4 ,& z to :at y say ab\t faculties undevelop$ & ! re/1 t seems to me unreal & exagg]at$6 ,mo/ m5 h a good en\gh "t1 & get pretty mu* :at !y des]ve4 ,a heal?y1 normal man is ready to die--he has done :at he _h x 9 him to d1 & pass$ on 8 "w to ! next g5]ation4 ,i h (t5 wond]$1 said ,ellis1 m$itatively1 :at 'normal' means4 ,does x mean "o 9 a million1 %\ld y say8 ,or p]haps t is too l>ge a proportion8 ,"s p say1 d !y n1 t !re nev] 0 a normal man8 ,by 'normal1' retort$ ,wilson1 dogg$ly1 ,i mean av]age1 & ,i include e "o except a few decad5ts & faddi/s4 ,at ?is po9t1 see+ t we 7 ?reat5$ ) ano!r digression1 ,i ?\ght x be/ to int]v5e aga94 ,we are div]g+1 ,i said1 a little f ! issue4 ,wilson's position1 z ,i und]/& him1 is t ! prospect ( ! future ,good ( ! race is suffici5t to give significance to ! life ( ! individual1 ev5 ?\gh he realize no ,good = himself4 ,no1 repli$ ,wilson1 ,i don't say t2 = ,i ?9k he always does realize suffici5t ,good = himself4 ,b is x because ( t ,good :i* he realizes = himself t 8 life has significance8 ,or because ( ! future ,good ( ! race8 ,i don't "k2 bo?1 ,i suppose4 ,y d n ?9k !n t ! future ,good ( ! race is suffici5t1 by itself1 to give significance to ! lives ( individuals :o are nev] to p>take 9 x8 ,i don't l t way ( putt+ ! "q4 ,:at ,i believe is1 t 9 realiz+ 8 own ,good a man is also contribut+ to t ( ! race4 ,!re is no su* antagonism betwe5 ! two ends z y seem to sugge/4 ,i don't say t !re is an antagonism2 b ,i d insi/ t !re is a di/9ction4 ,& ,i _c help feel+--& ?is is :]e we seem to disagree--t 9 e/imat+ ! ,good ( individual lives we mu/ h reg>d to t :i* !y realize 9 & = !mselves1 n m]ely to t :i* !y may be contribut+ to produce "s day 9 somebody else4 ,^! 'somebody elses1' cri$ ,ellis1 be+ aft] all no?+ b o!r individuals l !mselves6 s t y get an inf9ite s]ies ( p do+ ,good to "o ano!r1 & none ( !m gett+ any ,good = !mselves1 l !3 isl&]s :o liv$ by tak+ 9 "o ano!r's wa%+6 ,well1 b1 said ,wilson1 suppos+ ,i cons5t1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 to let y e/imate ! wor? ( life by ! ,good :i* individuals realize 9 !mselves4 ,:at foll[s !n8 ,:y1 !n ,i said1 x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be v h>d to ma9ta9 t we d mo/ ( u realize ,good en\gh to make x seem wor? :ile to h liv$ at all1 if inde$ we are simply ext+ui%$ at dea?4 ,at any rate1 if we set aside an exceptional few1 & look frankly at ! mass ( m5 & wom51 judg+ !m n z means to some?+ else1 b z ends 9 !mselves1 ) ref]5ce n to happ9ess1 or cont5t1 or acquiesc5ce1 or indiff]5ce1 b simply to ,good--if we look at !m s1 c we hone/ly say t !re is en\gh significance 9 _! lives to ju/ify ! lab\r & exp5se ( produc+ & ma9ta9+ !m8 ,i don't "k1 he repli$1 !y probably ?9k !mselves t !re is4 ,probably1 ,i rejo9$1 !y d n ?9k ab\t x at all4 ,b :at ,i %\ld l to "k is1 :at d y ?9k8 ,i don't see1 he object$1 h[ ,i c h any op9ion2 ! problem is too va/ & indet]m9ate4 ,is x8 cri$ ,audubon1 int]v5+ 9 8 curi\s abrupt way1 & ) m ?an 8 usual en]gy ( prote/ ,well1 indet]m9ate or no1 x's ! "o po9t on :i* ,i h no d\bt4 ,mo/ p are only fit to h _! necks brok51 & x w\ld be ! k9de/ ?+ = !m if "s "o w\ld d x4 ,well1 ,i said1 at any rate t is a vigor\s op9ion4 ,does anyone else %>e x8 ,i d1 said ,leslie1 on ! :ole4 ,mo/ m51 if !y are n actually bad1 are at be/ indiff]5t--'sacs m]ely1 float+ ) op5 m\?s = food to slip 94' ,^u my ^w6 cri$ ,b>tlett1 x's wond]ful h[ mu* y "k ab\t !m1 consid]+ h[ v little y've se5 ( !m6 ,oh6 ,i said1 turn+ to him1 !n y d n agree ) ?is e/imate8 ,i6 he said4 ,oh1 no6 ,i am n a sup]ior p]son6 ,mo/ m51 ,i suppose1 are z good z we are1 & probably a great deal bett]6 ,!y might well be t1 ,i repli$1 )\t be+ p>ticul>ly good4 ,b p]haps1 z y seem to sugge/1 x might be bett] to conf9e ourselves to our own exp]i5ce & consid] :e!r = ourselves1 s f> z we c see1 we %\ld ?9k life mu* wor? hav+1 suppos+ dea? to be ! end ( x all4 ,oh1 z to t1 ( c\rse ,i %\ld1 = my "p1 cri$ ,ellis1 & s1 ,i hope1 %\ld we all4 ,9 fact1 ,i consid] x r mon/r\s to ask ! "q at all4 ,my de> ,ellis1 ,i prote/$1 y are really ! mo/ inconsi/5t ( m56 ,n a m9ute ago y 7 laugh+ at ,wilson = 8 acquiesc5ce 9 ! ext9ction ( ! individual ') 8 opportunities unrealiz$1 8 faculties undevelop$1' & all ! re/ ( x4 ,& n[ y appe> to be adopt+ precisely ! same attitude y\rself4 ,i c't help x1 he repli$2 consi/5t or no1 life's good en\gh = me4 ,& s x %\ld be = y1 y ungrateful ruffian6 ,i am n s sure1 ,i said1 t x %\ld be2 n s sure z ,i 0 a few ye>s ago4 ,:y1 y ,me?uselah1 :at has age got to d ) x8 ,j ?is1 ,i repli$1 t up to a c]ta9 "t ( life all ! ,good t we get we take to be prophetic ( m ,good to come4 ,:at we actually realize we value less = itself ?an = some?+ else :i* x promises4 ,! mom5ts ( good exp]i5ce we exp& till !y fill all inf9ity2 ! int]v5+ tracts ( indiff]5t or bad we simply =get or ignore4 ,life is good1 we say1 because ! univ]se is good2 & ?is goodness we expect to grasp 9 its entirety1 n to-day1 p]haps1 nor to-morr[1 b at lea/ ! day aft]4 ,& s1 l ! prov]bial ass1 we are lur$ on by a wisp ( hay4 ,b be+1 at bottom1 intellig5t brutes1 we beg91 9 "t1 to reflect2 we put back our e>s1 & plant our feet /iff & rigid :]e we /&1 & refuse to budge an in* till we h "s fur!r in=mation z to ! mean+ ( ! j\rney into :i* we are be+ entic$4 ,t1 at lea/1 is ! po9t t has be5 rea*$ by ?is ass :o is n[ address+ y4 ,i want to "k some?+ m ab\t t bundle ( hay2 & t is :y ,i am int]e/$ 9 ! "q ( p]sonal immortality4 ,:i* means--to drop ! metaphor----8 ,:i* means1 t ,i h come to realize t ,i am n likely to get m ,good out ( life ?an ,i h already _h1 & t ,i may v likely get less2 or if m 9 "s respects1 !n less 9 o!rs4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! _w1 z x seems1 is j z mu* bad z good1 & :e!r ,good or ,bad pr$om9ate ,i _c say4 ,& 9 ! second place1 ev5 ( :at ,good !re is--& ,i d n "u-e/imate its wor?--x is b an inf9itesimal portion t ,i am capable ( realiz+1 s limit$ am ,i by temp]am5t & circum/ance1 s b\nd by ! errors & illusions ( ! pa/1 s hamp]$ by ! disabilities cr[d+ 9 f ! future4 ,= ?\gh1 z ,i ?9k1 ! old] ,i get ! m cle>ly ,i recognize :at is good1 & ! m ,i le>n to value & to p]ceive x1 yet at ! same "t ! less d ,i become capable ( mak+ x my own1 & mu/ 9 ! nature ( ?+s become less & less s1 9 s f> at lea/ z ,goods o!r ?an ^? ( ! intellect are conc]n$4 ,& ?is is a position :i* seems to be involv$ 9 ! m]e fact ( age & dea? frankly se5 f ! naturali/ic po9t ( view2 & s x has always be5 felt & express$ f ! "t ( ! ,greeks onw>ds1 & n lea/ effectively1 p]haps1 by ,br[n+ 9 8 ',cleon'--y rememb] ! passage3 '444 ,e day my s5se ( joy ,gr[s m acute1 my s\l 7int5sifi$ ,by p[] & insight7 m enl>g$1 m ke52 ,:ile e day my hairs fall m & m1 ,my h& %akes1 & ! heavy ye>s increase-- ,! horror quick5+ /ill f ye> to ye>1 ,! consummation com+ pa/ escape1 ,:5 ,i %all "k mo/1 & yet lea/ enjoy-- ,:5 all my works :]e9 ,i prove my wor?1 ,be+ pres5t /ill to mock me 9 m5's m\?s1 ,alive /ill 9 ! phrase ( su* z ?\1 ,i1 ,i ! feel+1 ?9k+1 act+ man1 ,! man :o lov$ 8 life s ov]-mu*1 ,%all sleep 9 my urn4' ,y see ! po9t2 inde$1 x is s famili>1 ,i h lab\r$ x1 p]haps1 too mu*4 ,b ! result seems to be1 t :ile x is natural en\gh t 9 y\?1 = ^? :o are capable ( ,good1 life %\ld seem to be pre-em95tly wor? ! hav+1 yet ! la/ judgm5t ( age1 = ^? :o believe t dea? is ! end1 w be a d\bt1 & p]haps m ?an a d\bt1 ev5 9 ! case ( ^? mo/ fav\r$ by =tune1 :e!r aft] all a life has be5 wor? ! tr\ble ( liv+ :i* has unfold$ su* inf9ite promise only to bury x fruitless 9 ! grave4 ,i ?9k t's r a morbid view6 said ,p>ry4 ,i d n "k1 ,i said1 :e!r x is morbid1 nor d ,i v mu* c>e2 ! "q is1 :e!r x is reasonable1 & :e!r x is n ! position naturally & p]haps inevitably adopt$ n by ! wor/ b by ! be/ m5 among ^? :o h ab&on$ ! belief 9 p]sonal immortality4 ,t1 int]pos$ ,wilson1 is surely n ! case4 ,"o kn[s ( p :o1 ?\gh !y h no belief 9 survival aft] dea?1 yet ma9ta9 a p]fectly *e]ful & heal?y attitude t[>ds life4 ,h>riet ,m>t9eau is "o t occurs to me4 ,to h]1 y may rememb]1 life appe>$ n less b m wor? liv+ :5 %e _h become conv9c$ ( h] own annihilation at dea?2 & %e await$ ) p]fect equanimity & calm its imm95t approa*1 n z a deliv]ance f a condition :i* 0 daily becom+ m intol]able1 b z a fitt+ cr[n & consummation to a c>e] ( untir+ & fruitful activity4 ,t1 exclaim$ ,p>ry ) en?usiasm1 is :at ,i call magnanim\s6 ,i don't6 retort$ ,leslie1 ,i call x simply /upid & unimag9ative4 ,call x :at y l1 said ,wilson2 anyh[ x is a position :i* c be & has be5 adopt$4 ,yes1 ,i agre$1 b "o :i*1 ,i ?9k1 a cle>] analysis ( ! facts1 a frank] survey & a m p5etrat+ insight1 w\ld make x increas+ly difficult to su/a94 ,& aft] all1 an e/imate :i* is to endure mu/ be n only magnanim\s b reasonable4 ,b to h]1 & to o!rs l h]1 x did & does appe> to be reasonable4 ,& y ought to admit1 ,i ?9k1 t !re are cases 9 :i* life is well wor? liv+ q ap>t f ! hypo!sis ( p]sonal immortality4 ,i am ready to admit1 ,i repli$1 t !re are p to :om x seems to be s1 b ,i d\bt :e!r !y are v num]\s1 among ^?1 ,i mean1 :o h reflect$ on ! subject1 & ^: op9ions alone we ne$ consid]4 ,i1 at any rate1 h commonly f\nd 9 talk+ to p ab\t dea?--suppos+1 :i* is unusual1 t !y are will+ to talk ab\t x at all--t !y adopt "o ( two views1 ei!r ( :i* presupposes ! wor?lessness ( life1 if life1 z we "k x1 be inde$ all ,:at views d y mean8 ,:y1 ei!r !y believe t dea? means annihilation1 & rejoice 9 ! prospect z a deliv]ance f an intol]able evil2 or !y hold t !re is a life beyond1 & t !y w f9d !re ! reason & ju/ification = exi/5ce :i* !y h nev] be5 able to discov] "h4 ,y =get1 surely1 said ,wilson1 a ?ird po9t ( view1 :i* ,i %\ld h ?\ght 0 z common z ei!r ( ! o!rs1--t ( ^? :o believe 9 a life aft] dea?1 b look =w>d to x ) inexpressible fe> ( ! possible evils :i* x may conta94 ,true1 ,i said1 b su* fe>1 ,i suppose1 is a reflex ( actual exp]i5ce1 & implies1 does x n1 a vivid s5se ( ! evils ( exi/5ce z we "k x8 ,s t ^! p1 too1 ,i %\ld ma9ta91 h n really f\nd life satisfactory1 or !y w\ld look =w>d ) hope r ?an fe> to ! possibility ( ,its cont9uance4 ,b 9 _! case1 at any rate1 ! hypo!sis ( p]sonal immortality is an aggravation1 n a rem$y1 ( ! evil4 ,no d\bt2 b ,i h be5 assum+ ?r\gh\t t ! hypo!sis involves ! realization ( t ,good :i*1 )\t x1 we recognize to be unatta9able2 & x is only 9 t s5se1 & f t po9t ( view1 t ,i h introduc$ x4 ,well1 he p]si/$1 consid]+ h[ improbable ! hypo!sis is1 ,i %\ld be v lo? to admit t x is "o :i* x is practically necess>y to adopt4 ,& ,i /ill ma9ta9 t mo/ p d n require x--ord9>y simple p1 ,i mean1 :o d _! "w & make no fuss ab\t x4 ,p]haps n1 ,i repli$1 = x is *>act]i/ic ( su* p to make no hypo!sis at all1 b to adopt = ! mom5t any view sugge/$ by ! /ate ( _! spirits4 ,b ,i believe t if ev] y c get a man1 no matt] h[ pla9 & unsophi/icat$1 to reflect fairly ^u 8 own exp]i5ce1 & to look imp>tially at ! facts all r\nd1 ab/ract+ f all bias ( habit & mood & prejudice1 he w admit t if x be true t ! individual is ext+ui%$ at dea?1 toge!r ) all 8 possibilities ( realiz+ ,good1 !n life _c rationally be judg$ to be wor? ! liv+1 h[ev] imp]atively we may be compell$ to cont9ue to live x4 ,b x ,is j t imp]ative compulsion1 cri$ ,p>ry1 on :i* ,i rely6 ,t seems to me ! ju/ification ( life--! fact t we are =c$ to live6 ,i tru/ t in/9ct m ?an all ! incl9ation 9 ! _w6 ,b1 ,i said1 :5 y say t y tru/ ! in/9ct1 d y mean t y judge x to be good8 ,yes1 ,i suppose s4 ,!n 9 tru/+ ! in/9ct y are really tru/+ y\r reason1 :i* judges ! in/9ct to be good1 or1 if n y\r reason1 ! faculty1 :atev] x be1 :i* judges ( ,good4 ,& ! only diff]5ce betwe5 u is1 t ,i try to asc]ta9 :at we d really believe to be good1 :]eas y accept & cl+ to a p>ticul> judgm5t ab\t ,good1 )\t any attempt to te/ x & h>monize x ) o!rs4 ,b y admit y\rself t all y\r results are t5tative & problematical 9 ! extreme4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& yet ^! results y v5ture to set 9 opposition to a simple1 pr(\nd1 imp]ative cry ( ,nature6 ,:y %\ld ,i n8 ,= ,i h no "r to suppose t nature is good1 except 9 s f> z ,i c reasonably judge h] to be s4 ,t seems to me a sort ( blasphemy4 ,i am afraid1 ,i said1 if ,i mu/ *oose1 ,i w\ld r blaspheme ,nature ?an ,reason4 ,b ,i hope ,i am n blasphem+ ei!r4 ,= x may be t :at y call ,nature has provid$ = ! realization ( ,good4 ,t1 at any rate1 is ! hypo!sis ,i 0 sugge/+2 & x is y :o appe> to be sett+ x aside4 ,b1 object$ ,wilson1 y talk ( ?is hypo!sis z if x 7 some?+ "o c\ld really ent]ta96 ,to me x is n a hypo!sis at all2 x's simply an inconceivability4 ,d y mean t x is self-contradictory8 ,no1 n exactly t4 ,simply t x is unimag9able4 ,oh6 ,i said2 b :at "o c imag9e dep5ds on ! quality ( "o's imag9ation6 ,to me1 = example1 ! immortality ( ! s\l does n seem any h>d] to imag9e ?an bir? & life1 & dea? & consci\sness4 ,x's all su* a my/]y toge!r1 if once "o beg9s try+ to realize x4 ,no "o1 int]pos$ ,ellis1 has put t po9t bett] ?an ,walt ,:itman4 ,true1 ,i repli$1 & t rem9ds me t ,i ?9k y h>dly did ju/ice to 8 view :5 y 7 quot+ him a little :ile ago4 ,x is true t he does1 z y said1 accept all facts1 good & bad1 & ev5 appe>s at times to oblit]ate ! di/9ction betwe5 !m4 ,b also1 :e!r consi/5tly or no1 he reg>ds !m all z phases ( a process1 good only because ( :at !y promise to be4 ,s t 8 view really requires a belief 9 immortality to ju/ify x2 & to him su* belief is z natural & simple z to ,wilson x is absurd4 ,!re is a passage some:]e1 ,i rememb]--p]haps y c quote x--x beg9s1 ',is x wond]ful t ,i %\ld be immortal8' ,yes1 he said1 ,i rememb]3 ,is x wond]ful t ,i %\ld be immortal8 z e "o is immortal2 ,i "k x is wond]ful--b my eyesight is equally wond]ful1 & h[ ,i 0 conceiv$ 9 my "m's womb is equally wond]ful1 ,& pass$ f a babe1 9 ! creep+ trance ( a c\ple ( summ]s & w9t]s to articulate & walk4 ,all ?is is equally wond]ful4 ,& t my s\l embraces y ?is h\r1 & we affect ea* o!r )\t ev] see+ ea* o!r1 & nev] p]haps to see ea* o!r1 is e bit z wond]ful4 ,& t ,i c ?9k su* ?\ghts z ^! is j z wond]ful1 ,& t ,i c rem9d y1 & y ?9k !m & "k !m to be true1 is j z wond]ful4 ,& t ! moon sp9s r\nd ! e>?1 & on ) ! e>?1 is equally wond]ful1 ,& t !y balance !mselves ) ! sun & />s is equally wond]ful4 ,t1 ,i said1 is ! passage ,i meant1 & x %[s t ,:itman1 at any rate1 did n %>e ,wilson's feel+ t ! immortality ( ! s\l is unimag9able4 ,well1 said ,wilson1 imag9able or no1 we h no reason to believe x to be true4 ,no reason1 inde$1 ,i agre$1 s f> z demon/ration is conc]n$1 ?\gh equally1 z ,i ?9k1 no reason to d5y x4 ,b ! po9t ,i rais$ 01 :e!r1 if we are to take a positive view ( life & hold t x someh[ has a good significance1 we are n b\nd to adopt ?is1 hypo!sis ( immortality--to believe1 t is1 t1 someh[ or o!r1 !re awaits u a /ate ( be+ 9 :i* all s\ls %all be b\nd toge!r 9 t h>moni\s & p]fect relation ( :i* we h a type & =eta/e 9 :at we call love4 ,=1 if x be true t p]fect ,good does involve "s su* relation1 & yet t x is "o unatta9able "u ! conditions ( our pres5t life1 !n we mu/ say ei!r t su* ,good is unatta9able--& 9 t case :y %\ld we idly pursue x8--or t we believe we %all atta9 x "u "s o!r conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,& accord+ z we adopt "o or ! o!r position--s x seems to me--our attitude t[>ds life w be "o ( affirmation or ( negation4 ,b1 he object$1 ev5 if y 7 "r 9 y\r conception ( ,good1 & ev5 if x be true t ,good 9 its p]fection is unatta9able1 yet we might /ill *oose to get at lea/ :at ,good we c--& "s ,good y admit we c get--& might f9d 9 t pursuit a suffici5t ju/ification = life4 ,we might1 inde$1 ,i admitt$1 b also we might v well f9d1 t ! ,good we c atta9 is s small1 & ! ,evil s imm5sely prepond]ant1 t we ought to lab\r r to br+ to an end an exi/5ce s pitiful ?an to p]petuate x indef9itely 9 ! p]sons ( our luckless desc5dants4 ,t1 ?ank heav51 said ,p>ry1 is n ! view :i* is tak5 by ! ,we/]n _w4 ,! ,we/ ,i repli$1 has n yet le>n$ to reflect4 ,its activity is ! slave ( in/9ct1 bl9d & irresponsible4 ,yes1 he ass5t$ eag]ly1 & t is its sav+ grace6 ,?is in/9ct1 :i* y call bl9d1 is heal? & sanity & vig\r4 ,i "k1 ,i said1 t y ?9k s1 & s does ,mr4 ,kipl+1 & all ! tra9 ( viol5t & bloody b>ds :o foll[ ! camp ( ! mod]n army ( progress4 ,i h no qu>rel ) y or ) !m2 y may v well be "r 9 y\r some:at savage wor%ip ( activity4 ,i am only try+ to asc]ta9 ! conditions ( y\r be+ "r1 & ,i seem to f9d x 9 p]sonal immortality4 ,no1 he p]si/$4 ,we are "r )\t condition1 "r absolutely & beyond all argum5t4 ,pursue ,good is ! "o ultimate law2 :e!r or no x c be atta9$ is a m9or matt]2 & if to inquire into ! conditions ( its atta9m5t is only to weak5 u 9 ! pursuit1 !n ,i say ! inquiry is wrong1 & ought to be disc\rag$4 ,well ,i said1 ,i w n dispute ) y fur!r4 ,:e!r y are "r or wrong ,i _c b admire y\r /r5u\s belief 9 ,good & 9 our obligation to pursue x4 ,& t1 aft] all1 0 my ma9 po9t4 ,on ! o!r "q ab\t :at ,good is & :e!r x is atta9able1 ,i c\ld h>dly wi% to make conv]ts1 s consci\s am ,i t ,i h inf9itely m to le>n ?an to tea*4 ,only1 t !re is really some?+ to le>n1 ( t ,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$4 ,p]haps ev5 ,audubon w agree ) me !re8 ,i don't "k t ,i d1 he repli$1 & anyh[ x doesn't seem to me to make mu* diff]5ce4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ab\t ,good1 t doesn't affect ! nature ( ,reality--& ,reality1 ,i believe1 is bad6 ,ah1 ,reality6 ,i rejo9$1 b :at is ,reality8 ,is x j :at we see & t\* & h&le8 ,yes1 ,i suppose s4 ,t is a sob] view1 & "o :i* ,i h con/antly tri$ to impress ^u myself4 ,sometimes1 ev51 ,i ?9k ,i h succe$$1 "u ! comb9$ /ress ( logic & exp]i5ce4 ,b !re comes an ungu>d$ mom5t1 "s ev5+ 9 summ]1 l ?is1 :5 ,i am walk+1 p]haps1 alone 9 a solit>y wood1 or 9 a mead[ beside a quiet /ream2 & sudd5ly all my "w is undone1 & ,i am ov]:elm$ by a direct appreh5sion1 or :at seems at lea/ = ! mom5t to be su*1 t ev]y?+ ,i he> & see & t\* is m]e illusion aft] all1 & beh9d x lies ! true ,reality1 if only ,i c\ld f9d ! way to seize x4 ,x is due1 ,i suppose1 to "s native & in]adicable /ra9 ( my/icism2 or p]haps1 z ,i sometimes ?9k1 to ! memory ( a /range exp]i5ce :i* ,i once und]w5t & h nev] be5 able to =get ,:at 0 t8 ,x w n be v easy1 ,i fe>1 to describe1 b p]haps x may be wor? :ile to make ! attempt1 = x be>s1 m or less1 on ! subject ( our conv]sation4 ,once !n1 y mu/ "k1 & once only1 a good _m ye>s ago n[1 ,i 0 put "u ! influ5ce ( an/hetics2 & dur+ ! "t ,i 0 unconsci\s1 or r1 consci\s 9 a new way1 ,i _h a v curi\s dream1 if dream x 71 :i* has nev] ceas$ to affect my ?\ghts & my life4 ,x 0 z foll[s3 ,z soon z ,i lo/ consci\sness ( ! _w )\t1 my s\l1 ,i ?\ght1 :i* seem$ at fir/ to be diffus$ ?r\gh\t my body1 began to draw itself upw>d1 beg9n+ at ! feet4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh ! ve9s ( ! legs & belly to ! he>t1 :i* 0 beat+ l a ?\s& drums1 & !nce by ! aorta & ! c>otids to ! bra91 :5ce x em]g$ by ! fissures ( ! skull into ! out] air4 ,no soon] 0 x free 7?\gh /ill atta*$1 z ,i felt ) "s uneas9ess1 by a ?9 ela/ic cord to ! pia mat]7 ?an x ga!r$ itself toge!r 7into :at =m ,i c\ld n say71 & ) incr$ible spe$ %ot upw>ds1 till x rea*$ :at seem$ to be ! floor ( heav54 ,?r\gh ?is x pass$1 ,i "k n h[1 & f\nd itself all at once 9 a new _w4 ,:at ?is _w 0 l ,i mu/ n[ endeav\r to expla91 difficult ?\gh x be to f9d suitable language2 = ! ?+s "h1 ( :i* our words are symbols1 are !mselves only symbols ( ! ?+s !re4 ,! feel+ ,i _h1 h[ev]1 7= ,i 0 n[ id5tifi$ ) my s\l1 & _h =gott5 all ab\t my body7--! feel+ ,i _h 0 t ( sitt+ alone beside a riv]4 ,:at k9d ( c\ntry x 0 ,i c h>dly describe1 = !re 0 n[h]e any def9ite col\r or =m1 only a sugge/ion1 su* z ,i h se5 9 draw+s1 ( va/ inf9ite tracts ( empty space4 ,i c\ld n ev5 say !re 0 light or d>kness1 = my organ ( p]ception did n seem to be ! eye2 only ,i 0 aw>e ( an emotional effect simil> to t ( twilight1 cold1 grey1 & =mless z night itself4 ,! sil5ce 0 absolute1 if inde$ sil5ce x 71 = x 0 n by ! e> t ,i p]ceiv$ ei!r s\nd or its abs5ce2 b some?+ !re 01 analog\s to sil5ce 9 its effect ,& 9 ! mid/ ( ! sil5ce & ! twilight 7s9ce s ,i mu/ call !m7 fl[$ ! riv]1 or :at seem$ su*1 di/+ui%able1 z ,i ?\ght at fir/1 r by ! fact t x fl[$1 ?an by any peculi>ity ( sub/ance1 col\r1 or =m1 f ! /ret*es ( empty space t =m$ its banks4 ,b pres5tly1 z ,i look$ m closely1 ,i saw1 ris+ f its surface1 dipp+1 ris+1 & dipp+ aga91 9 a regul> rhy?m1 )\t *ange or pause1 :at ,i c only comp>e to a %oal ( fly+ fi%4 ,n t !y look$ l fi%1 or inde$ l any?+ ,i _h ev] se51 b t 0 ! image sugge/$ by _! motion4 ,z soon z ,i saw !m ,i knew :at !y 73 !y 7 s\ls2 & ! riv] d[n :i* !y pass$ 0 ! riv] ( ,"t2 & _! dipp+ 9 & out aga9 0 ! sequ5ce ( _! lives & dea?s4 ,all ?is did n surprise me at all4 ,r1 ,i felt x 0 some?+ ,i _h always kn[n1 yet some?+ inexpressibly flat & disillusion+4 ',( c\rse6' ,i said to myself1 or ?\ght1 or :atev] may h be5 my mode ( cognition--',( c\rse6 ,t is x1 & t is all6 ,s\ls are inde$ immortal--:y %\ld we ev] h imag9$ o!rwise8 ,!y are immortal1 & :at ( x8 ,i see ! dea?-side n[ z ,i saw ! life-side !n2 & "o has z little mean+ z ! o!r4 ,z x has be51 s x w be1 n[1 h5ce=?1 & = ev]1 9 & out1 9 & out1 )\t pause or /9t1 futile1 trivial1 silly1 /ale1 t$i\s1 monoton\s1 & va96' ,! long pre-occupation ( m5 ) religion1 philosophy1 & art1 seem$ to me n[ z incompreh5sible z x 0 ridicul\s4 ,!re 0 no?+ aft] all to be int]e/$ ab\t6 ,!re 0 simply ?is6 ,! dre>9ess ( my mood 0 indescribable1 & correspond$ s closely to ! sc5e be=e me t ,i f\nd myself wond]+ :i* 0 effect1 :i* cause4 ,! sil5ce1 ! tracts ( un=m$ space1 ! unsub/antial riv]1 ! ceaseless vibration along its surface ( inf9ite mov+ po9ts1 all ?is 0 a reflex ( my ?\ghts & !y ( x4 ,my mis]y 0 ,intol]able2 to escape became my only object2 & ) ?is 9 view ,i rose & began to move1 ,i knew n :i!r1 along ! sil5t %ore4 ,z ,i w5t1 ,i pres5tly became aw>e ( :at look$ l high t[]s /&+ along ! m>g9 ( ! /ream4 ,i say !y look$ l t[]s1 b ,i %\ld r h said !y symboliz$ !m2 = !y _h no specific %ape1 r\nd or squ>e1 nor any def9ite sub/ance or dim5sions4 ,!y sugge/$ r1 if ,i may say s1 ! idea ( v]ticality2 & o!rwise 7 z blank & void ( =m or col\r z ev]y?+ else 9 ?is /range l&4 ,i made my way t[>ds !m along ! bank2 & :5 ,i _h come close "u ! fir/1 ,i saw t !re 0 a door 9 x1 & writt5 ov] ! door1 9 a language ,i _c n[ recall1 b :i* !n ,i knew t ,i _h always kn[n1 an inscription ^: s5se 03 ',i am ! ,eye2 come into me & see4' ,mis]able z ,i 01 x 0 impossible t ,i %\ld hesitate2 ,i did n "k1 x is true1 :at might await me )91 b x c\ld n be worse & might well be bett] ?an my pres5t plight4 ,! door 0 op52 ,i /epp$ 92 & no soon] _h ,i cross$ ! ?re%old ?an ,i 0 aw>e ( an exp]i5ce m extraord9>y & delightful ?an x _h ev] be5 my lot to enc\nt]4 ,i _h ! s5sation ( see+ light = ! fir/ "t6 ,= hi!rto1 z ,i h tri$ to expla91 ?\gh x has be5 necess>y to speak 9 t]ms ( sight1 ,i h done s only by a metaphor1 & x 0 n really by vision t ,i became acqua9t$ ) ! sc5e ,i h describ$4 ,b n[ ,i saw1 & saw pure light6 ,& yet n only saw1 b1 z ,i ?\ght appreh5d$ x ) ! o!r s5ses1 bo? ) ^? we "k & ) o!rs ( :i* we h n yet dreamt4 ,i he>d light1 ,i ta/$ & t\*$ x1 x envelop$ & embrac$ me2 ,i swam 9 x z 9 an elem5t1 waft$ & wa%$ & luxuriantly lapp$4 ,pure light1 & no?+ else6 ,no objects1 at fir/6 ,x 0 only by degrees1 & z ! fir/ intoxication subsid$1 t ,i began to be aw>e ( any?+ b ! m$ium itself4 ,i saw !n t ,i 0 /&+ at :at seem$ to be a w9d[1 look+ out ov] ! sc5e ,i _h j left ,b h[ *ang$ x 06 ,! riv] n[1 l a blue & gold5 snake1 ran ?r\gh a sunny *ampaign bright ) fl[]s2 above x hung a cl\dless summ] sky2 & ! happy s\ls w5t leap+ 9 & out l dolph9s on a calm day 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,on all ?is ,i gaz$ ) inexpressible delight2 b z ,i look$ an extraord9>y ?+ occurr$4 ,! fl[]y pla9 be=e me seem$ to globe itself into a sph]e2 ! blue riv] clasp$ x l a girdle2 = a mom5t x hung be=e me l a />1 !n op5$ out & split into a ?\s& m1 & ^! aga9 into o!rs & yet o!rs1 till a :ole heav5 ( />s 0 revolv+ ab\t me 9 ! mo/ wond]ful dance-measure y c conceive1 inf9itely complex1 b nev] = a mom5t confus$1 = ! />s 7 ( v>i\s col\rs1 m beautiful f> ?an any ( ours1 & by ^!1 z !y cross$ & int]tw9$ 9 exquisite h>monies1 ! ?reads ( ! intricate figure 7 kept di/9ct4 ,:at ,i 0 look+ ^u1 ,i knew1 0 ! same heav5 t our a/ronom]s describe2 only ,i 0 privileg$ actually to p]ceive ! movem5ts !y c only inf] & pr$ict4 ,= "h on e>? our faculties are proportion$ to our ne$s1 & our appreh5sion ( "t & *ange is measur$ by units too small = u to be able to embrace by s5se ! l>ge & spaci\s circuits ( ! />s4 ,b ,i1 9 my !n condition1 _h p[]s comm5surate ) all exi/5ce2 s t n only c\ld ,i foll[ ) ! eye ! coils ( t cele/ial morrice1 b 9 ea* "o ( ! :irl+ orbs1 z !y approa*$ or rec$$ 9 ! dance1 ,i c\ld trace1 s f> z ,i 0 m9d$1 ! c\rse ( its secul> hi/ory2 :ole s]ies ( *anges & trans=mations su* z we labori\sly inf]1 f fossils & rocks & h>d unmalleable ?+s1 be+ !re 7z ?\gh petrifaction 7 rev]s$ & solide/ ?+s made fluid7 unroll$ be=e me1 molt5 & gl[+ & swift1 9 a /ream ( torr5tial evolution ^: mom5ts 7 c5turies4 ,wond]ful x 01 & /range1 to see ! fir/ trembl+ film creep l a mantle ov] a globe ( fire1 %iv]1 & break1 & =m aga91 & gradually h>d5 & coh]e1 n[ cru%$ into ridges & pits1 n[ ext5d$ into pla9s1 & toss+ ! hiss+ seas f b$ to b$1 z ! levels ( ! visc\s surface rose & fell4 ,wond]ful1 too1 :5 ! cru/ 0 =m$ & life became possible1 h[ ev]y:]e1 9 wet or dry1 hot or cold alike1 :]ev] foot+ c\ld be f\nd1 came up & fl\ri%$ & decay$ ?+s t root & ?+s t move1 w+$ or f9n$ or legg$1 creep+1 fly+1 runn+1 bre$+1 9 mud or s&1 9 jungle1 =e/1 & m>%1 pursu+ & pursu$1 dev\r+ & dev\r$1 pair+1 cont5d+1 kill+1 ?+s huge beyond belief1 mammo? & ic?yosaurus1 ?+s m9ute & num]\s pa/ ! p[] ( calculation1 com+ & go+ z !y c\ld f9d space1 species succe$+ to species1 & cr[d+ e po9t & vantage = life on ! heav+ tumultu\s bosom ( eddy+ worlds4 ,wond]ful x 01 b t]rible1 too2 = :at /ruck me ) a k9d ( *ill1 ev5 :ile ,i 0 wrapt 9 admiration1 0 ! fact t ?\gh ev]y?+ 0 9 con/ant *ange1 & 9 ! *ange !re 0 cle>ly an ord] & r\t9e1 yet ,i c\ld n detect any?+ t seem$ l purpose4 ,direction !re 01 b n direction to an end2 = ! end 0 no bett] ?an ! beg9n+1 x 0 only diff]5t2 ! idea ( ,good1 9 %ort1 did n apply4 ,& ?is fact1 :i* 0 /rik+ en\gh 9 ! case ( ! ph5om5a ,i h describ$1 made itself felt ) ev5 m insi/5ce :5 ,i turn$ to consid] ! c\rse ( human hi/ory4 ,= t too ,i saw unroll$ be=e me1 n only on our own1 b on innum]able o!r worlds1 9 v>i\s phases & 9 v>i\s =ms1 bo? ^? :i* we "k1 & o!rs ( :i* we h no conception1 & :i* ,i am n[ q unable to recall4 ,m5 ,i saw h\s+ 9 caves1 or on piles 9 swamps & lakes1 dwell]s 9 wagons & t5ts1 hunt]s1 or %eph]ds "u ! />s1 m5 ( ! m\nta91 m5 ( ! pla91 ( ! riv]-valley & ! coa/1 nomad tribes1 village tribes1 cities1 k+doms1 empires1 w>s & peace1 politics1 laws1 mann]s1 arts & sci5ces4 ,yet 9 all ?is1 s f> z ,i c\ld obs]ve1 al?\gh1 ?r\gh all vacillations1 !re appe>$ to be a /eady tr5d 9 a def9ite direction1 !re 0 no?+ to indicate :at we call purpose4 ,m51 ,i saw1 _h ideas ab\t ,good1 b ^! ideas ( !irs1 ?\gh !y 7 "p ( ! effici5t causes ( ev5ts1 7 9 no s5se ! explanation ( ! process4 ,!re 0 no explanation1 = !re 0 no f9al cause1 no purpose1 end1 or ju/ification at all4 ,man1 l nature1 0 ! play?+ ( a bl9d fate4 ,! idea ( ,good _h no application4 ,! horror ,i felt z ?is tru? 7= s ,i ?\ght x7 0 borne 9 ^u me 0 proportion$ to my previ\s delight4 ,i _h n[ b "o desire1 to escape1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 only back to :at ,i _h left4 ,& z ! ,angel-,boys 9 ',fau/' cry out to ,pat] ,s]aphicus = release1 :5 !y c no long] be> ! sights !y see ?r\gh 8 eyes1 s ,i1 9 my angui%1 cri$1 ',let me out6 ,let me out6' ,& in/antly ,i f\nd myself /&+ aga9 at ! foot ( ! t[]1 9 t l& ( twilight1 sil5ce1 & inf9ite space1 ) ! s\ls go+ d[n ! riv]1 9 & out1 9 & out1 futile1 trivial1 t$i\s1 monoton\s1 & va94 ,look+ up1 ,i saw writt5 ov] ! door f :i* ,i _h em]g$1 & :i* 0 opposite to t by :i* ,i _h ent]$1 words ^: s5se 03 ',eye ha? n se54' ,i walk$ r\nd ! ,t[]1 & f\nd a ?ird door fac+ ! riv]2 & ov] t 0 writt53 ',turris sci5tiae4' ,b all ^! doors 7 n[ clos$2 nor inde$1 _h !y be5 op51 %\ld ,i h felt any incl9ation to r5ew ! exp]i5ce f :i* ,i _h escap$4 ,i !re=e turn$ away sadly en\gh & made my way along ! bank t[>ds ! second t[]4 ,ov] ! door ( ?is 0 writt5 9 ! same language z be=e3 ',i am ! ,e>2 come into me & he>4' ,! door 0 op51 & ,i w5t 91 ?is "t ) "s appreh5sion1 b ) /ill m curiosity & hope4 ,no soon] 0 ,i )9 ?an ,i 0 ov]:elm$ by an exp]i5ce analog\s to t :i* _h greet$ me 9 ! ,t[] ( ,sight1 b ev5 m ravi%+ly sweet4 ,?is "t :at ,i felt 0 ! s5sation ( pure s\nd3 s\nd1 n m]ely he>d1 b1 z be=e 9 ! case ( light1 appreh5d$ at once by e av5ue ( s5se1 & fold+ & su/a9+1 z x seem$1 my :ole be+ 9 a cle> & buoyant elem5t ( tone4 ,x 0 only by degrees t out ( ?is absolute ess5ce ( %e] s\nd di/9ctions ( rhy?m & pit* began to appe>1 & to assume def9ite musical =m4 ,! !me at fir/ 0 pa/oral & sweet1 sugge/ive ( ru/l+ grasses & murmur+ re$s1 int]wov5 ) :i* 0 an exquisite lilt+ tune1 ! song ( ! s\ls z !y sp$ d[n ! riv]4 ,b "o by "o o!r elem5ts crept into ! /ra92 x increas$ 9 volume & v>iety ( tone1 9 complexity ( rhy?m & tune1 till x grew at l5g? into a symphony s augu/1 s solemn1 & s pr(\nd1 t !re is no?+ ,i "k ( 9 our music "h to :i* ,i c fitly comp>e x4 ,x rem9d$ me1 h[ev]1 ( ,wagn] m ?an ( any o!r compos]1 9 ! ri*ness ( its col\r1 ! insi/5ce & =ce ( its rhy?ms1 its fragm5ts ( ineffable melody1 & above all1 its endless *romatic sequ5ces1 = ev] sugge/+ b nev] actually rea*+ ! full close :i* ,i knew n :e!r mo/ to dread or to desire4 ,! music itself 0 wond]ful en\gh2 b m wond]ful /ill 0 my cle> p]ception1 :ile ,i li/5$1 t :at 0 be+ pres5t$ to me n[ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( s\nd 0 precisely ! same _w :i* ,i _h se5 f ! ,t[] ( ,sight4 ,e ph5om5on1 & sequ5ce ( ph5om5a1 :i* ,i _h witness$ !re1 ,i recogniz$ n[1 9 appropriate musical =m4 ,! f\ndation ( all 0 a great basal rhy?m1 giv5 out on some?+ t ?robb$ l drums1 t]rible 9 its p]si/5ce & yet beautiful too2 & ?is1 ,i knew1 repres5t$ ! me*anical basis ( ! _w1 ! processes :i* sci5ce kn[s z 'laws ( motion' & ! l1 b :i* really1 z ,i !n p]ceiv$1 might m aptly be describ$ z ! m invet]ate ( ,nature's habits4 ,^u ?is f\ndation1 :i* v>i$1 inde$1 b by almo/ imp]ceptible gradations1 0 built up an inf9itely complex /ructure ( int]m$iate p>ts1 increas+ f bel[ upw>ds 9 fre$om1 ease & beauty ( =m1 till high above all float$ on ! e> snat*es ( melody1 haunt+1 poignant1 melt+ly t5d]1 or1 z x might be1 m>tial & gay exquisite 9 !mselves1 yet nev] complete1 fragm5ts r1 z x seem$1 ( "s !me yet to come1 :i* !y _h h>dly "t to sugge/ be=e !y 7 torn1 z x 71 f _! roots & s5t drift+ d[n ! /ream1 to reappe> 9 new sett+s1 ri*] comb9ations1 & fair] =ms2 & ^!1 ,i knew1 7 symbols ( ! lives & dea?s ( consci\s be+s4 ,z ?is "* ( ! music & its repres5tative mean+ grew gradually cle>] to me1 !re began to m+le ) my delight a c]ta9 feel+ ( angui%4 ,= :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ,i passionately desir$ to he> giv5 out 9 full ! !me :i* z yet _h be5 only sugge/$ 9 fragm5t>y h9ts1 on ! o!r1 ,i knew t ) its appe>ance ! music w\ld come to a close1 j at ! mom5t :5 its cessation w\ld involve ! ke5e/ revulsion ( feel+4 ,& ?is mom5t1 ,i felt1 0 rapidly approa*+4 ,! rhy?m grew m & m rapid1 ! in/rum5ts scal$ high] & high]1 ! t5sion ( *romatic progressions 0 /ra9$ to :at seem$ break+ po9t1 till sudd5ly1 ) an effect z ?\gh a /ream1 long p5t 9 a gorge1 _h escap$ ) a bur/ into broad sunny mead[s1 ! :ole symphony broke away into ! major key1 & high & cle>1 *ant$1 z x seem$1 on t5 ?\s& trumpets1 silv]1 !real1 & exquisitely sweet = all _! resonant clang\r1 ,i he>d ! ultimate melody ( ?+s4 ,= a mom5t only2 =1 z ,i _h =ese51 ) ! em]g5ce ( t air1 ! music came abruptly to a close2 & ,i f\nd myself sitt+ ba!d 9 te>s at ! door ( ! t[] on ! opposite side to t by :i* ,i _h ent]$2 & !re once m 0 ! l& ( sil5ce1 twilight1 & inf9ite space1 ) ! s\ls go+ d[n ! riv]1 9 & out1 9 & out1 futile1 trivial1 t$i\s1 monoton\s & va96 ,z soon z ,i _h recov]$ myself1 ,i look$ up & saw writt5 ov] ! door ! inscription3 ',e> ha? n he>d4' ,& go+ r\nd to ! side fac+ ! riv]1 ,i saw !re inscrib$3 ',turris ,artis8' ,:]eupon1 full ( p]plexity1 ,i made my way d[n t[>ds ! ?ird t[]1 reflect+1 z ,i w5t2 9 a curi\s passion at once ( hope & fe>1 ',nei!r ?is1 !n1 nor t1 nei!r ,eye nor ,e>1 has giv5 me :at ,i s\ght4 ,ea* is a symbol2 b ?is1 z x seems1 a m p]fect symbol ?an t2 = x1 at lea/1 is ,beauty1 & ! o!r 0 only ,p[]4 ,b is !re1 !n1 no?+ b symbols8 ,or %all ,i1 9 "o ( ^! t[]s1 %all ,i p]haps f9d ! ?+ t is symboliz$8' ,by ?is "t ,i _h rea*$ ! ?ird t[]1 & ov] ! door fac+ me ,i saw writt53 ',i am ! ,he>t2 come into me & feel4' ,i ent]$ )\t hesitation1 & ?is "t ,i 0 met by an exp]i5ce ev5 /rang] & m delightful ?an be=e1 b also1 ,i fe>1 m indescribable4 ,at fir/1 ,i 0 aw>e ( no?+ b a pure feel+1 :i* 0 n ( any p>ticul> s5se1 7z1 be=e1 ( sight & he>+17 b 0 r1 ,i ?9k1 ! g5]al feel+ ( ,life itself1 ! k9d ( diffus$ s5sation ( well-be+ "o has 9 heal?1 und]ly+ all p>ticul> activities4 ,9 ?is s5sation ,i seem$1 z be=e1 to be lapp$1 z 9 an elem5t2 b ?is "t ! feel+ did n pass4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i f\nd1 :5 ,i came to myself1 t ,i actually 0 9 ! riv]1 leap+ along ) ! o!r s\ls 9 su* an ec/asy ( physical delight z ,i h nev] felt be=e or s9ce4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 my fir/ impression2 b gradually x *ang$ into some?+ :i* ,i despair ( r5d]+ 9 words1 = inde$ ,i c h>dly r5d] x 9 my own ?\ghts4 ,conceive1 h[ev]1 t z1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( sci5ce1 e "p ( matt] is affect$ by e o!r1 insomu* t1 z !y say1 ! fall ( an apple di/urbs ! balance ( ! univ]se2 s1 9 my exp]i5ce !n1 7& ?is1 ,i believe1 is really true7 all s\ls 7 intimately connect$ by spiritual ties4 ,no?+ t happ5$ 9 "o b 0 someh[ or o!r1 m or less obscurely1 reflect$ 9 ! re/1 s t all 7 s closely involv$ & embrac$ 9 a network ( f9e relations t !y =m$ :at may be comp>$ to a planet>y sy/em1 su/a9$ 9 _! v>i\s orbits by =ce ( attraction & repulsion1 di/+ui%$ into great] & less] con/ellations1 & fulfill+ 9 due proportion _! p]iods & pa?s "u ! control ( spiritual laws4 ,( ?is sy/em ,i 0 myself a memb]2 ab\t me 7 gr\p$ "s ( my de>e/ fri5ds2 & beyond & ar\nd /ret*$ away1 l inf9ite po9ts ( light1 9 a cle> heav5 ( passion1 ! _w ( s\ls4 ,i speak1 ( c\rse1 9 a figure1 = :at ,i am describ+ 9 t]ms ( space1 ,i appreh5d$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( feel+2 & by 'feel+' ,i mean all degrees ( affection1 f extreme ( love to extreme ( hate4 ,= hate !re 01 z well z love1 ! "o repres5t+ repulsion1 ! o!r attraction2 & by _! jo9t influ5ce ! :ole sy/em 0 su/a9$4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 9 equilibrium2 at lea/1 n 9 /able equilibrium4 ,!re 0 a tr5d1 z ,i soon became aw>e1 t[>ds a c5tre4 ,! en]gy ( love 0 con/antly /riv+ to annihilate di/ance & unite 9 a s+le sph]e ! scatt]$ units t 7 only kept ap>t by ! en]gy ( hate4 ,?is ef=t ,i felt proce$+ 9 e p>ticul> gr\p1 &1 m fa9tly1 f "o gr\p to ano!r3 ,i felt x ) an int5sity at once ( pa9 & ( rapture1 su* z ,i _c n[ ev5 imag9e1 mu* less describe2 & mo/ ( all did ,i feel x )9 ! limits ( my own gr\p1 ( :i* "s ( ^? n[ pres5t 7 memb]s4 ,b )9 ?is gr\p 9 p>ticul> ,i 0 aw>e ( an extraord9>y resi/ance4 ,"o ( its memb]s1 ,i ?\ght1 7,i m5tion no names17 /eadily refus$ ei!r to =m a clos] union ) ! re/ ( u1 or to ent] into m intimate relations ) o!r gr\ps4 ,?is resi/ance ,i felt 9 ! =m ( an indescribable t5sion1 a t5sion :i* grew m & m acute1 till sudd5ly ! :ole sy/em seem$ to collapse1 & ,i f\nd myself 9 d>kness & alone1 be+ dragg$ d[n1 d[n1 by ! cord :i* atta*$ me to my body4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 a ro>+ 9 my e>s1 & ,i saw my body1 z ,i ?\ght1 l a fe>ful wild bea/ ) op5 jaws2 x swall[$ me d[n1 & ,i awoke ) a %ock to f9d myself 9 ! op]ator's room1 ) a voice 9 my e>s :i* someh[ s\nd$ l ,audubon's1 ?\gh ,i aft]w>ds asc]ta9$ x 0 really t ( ! assi/ant1 utt]+ ! r ridicul\s words1 ',i don't see :y6' ,t1 !n1 0 ! end ( my dream1 & ,i h nev] s9ce be5 able to cont9ue x1 & to discov] :at 0 writt5 ov] ! o!r doors ( ! ?ird t[]1 or :at lay )9 ! t[]s ,i did n ent]4 ,s t ,i h _h to g on ev] s9ce ) ! k ,i !n acquir$1 t :atev] ,reality may ultimately be1 x is 9 ! life ( ! affections1 ) all its confus$ tangle ( loves & hates1 attractions1 repulsions1 &1 wor/ ( all1 indiff]5ces1 x is 9 ?is intricate comm]ce ( s\ls t we may come ne>e/ to appreh5d+ :at p]haps we %all nev] :olly appreh5d1 b ! que/ ( :i* alone1 z ,i believe1 gives any significance to life1 & makes x a ?+ :i* a wise & brave man w be able to p]suade himself x is "r to endure4 ,) t ,i end$2 & ,wilson 0 j beg9n+ to expla9 to me t my dream _h no real significance1 b 0 j a confus$ reproduction ( :at ,i mu/ h be5 ?9k+ ab\t be=e ,i took ! !r1 :5 we 7 int]rupt$ by ! arrival ( tea4 ,9 ! confusion t ensu$ ,audubon came ov] to me & said3 ,x 0 curi\s y\r dream+ t ab\t me1 = x is exactly ! way ,i %\ld behave4 ,( c\rse x is1 ,i repli$1 & t1 no d\bt1 is :y ,i dreamt x4 ,well1 he said1 y c say :at y l1 b ,i really d n see :y6 ,& ) t ! conv]sation ,i _h to report clos$4