,illu/ration3 ,,abraham ,,l9coln4 ,our *ildr5 %all behold 8 fame1 ,! k9dly-e>ne/1 brave1 =esee+ man1 ,sagaci\s1 pati5t1 dread+ praise1 n blame1 ,new bir? ( our new soil1 ! fir/ ,am]ican4 --,,l[ell4 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,= ,,s*ool ,,use ,,by ,,edw>d ,,*ann+ ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity ,,au?or ,,( ,a ,,/ud5ts' ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,maps ,,& ,,illu/rations #aijh ,,preface ,! aim ( ?is little book is to tell 9 a simple & concise =m ! /ory ( ! f\nd+ & developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! /udy ( ! hi/ory ( "o's own c\ntry is a s]i\s matt]1 & %\ld be ent]$ ^u by ! text-book writ]1 by ! tea*]1 & by ! pupil 9 a s]i\s _s1 ev5 to a great] ext5t ?an ! /udy ( language or ( ari?metic4 ,no ef=t has be5 made1 !re=e1 to make out ( ?is text-book a /ory book4 ,x is a text-book pure & simple1 & %\ld be us$ z a text-book1 to be /udi$ dilig5tly by ! pupil & exp\nd$ c>efully by ! tea*]4 ,mo/ ( ! pupils :o use ?is book w nev] h ano!r opportunity to /udy ! hi/ory & in/itutions ( _! own c\ntry4 ,x is highly desirable t !y %\ld use _! "t 9 /udy+ ! real hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & n 9 le>n+ by he>t a mass ( anecdotes1--(t5 ( v slight importance1 & m (t5 bas$ on v insecure f\ndations4 ,! au?or ( ?is text-book1 !re=e1 has boldly v5tur$ to omit mo/ ( ! traditional matt] :i* is usually suppos$ to give life to a text-book & to inspire a love ( hi/ory1--:i* too (t5 means only a love ( be+ amus$4 ,= in/ance1 descriptions ( ! =mation ( ! ,con/itution & ( ! /ruggle ov] ! ext5sion ( slav]y "h occupy ! space usually giv5 to ! adv5tures ( ,capta9 ,john ,smi? & to acc\nts ( ! in/itutions ( ! ,r$ ,m54 ,! small numb] ( pages available = ! p]iod be=e #agfj has necessitat$ ! omission ( pictures ( colonial life1 :i* _c be briefly & at ! same "t accurately describ$4 ,^! & simil> matt]s c easily be /udi$ by ! pupils 9 _! topical "w 9 su* books z ,higg9son's ,"y ,folks' ,hi/ory1 ,eggle/on's ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,p1 & ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory4 ,ref]5ces to ^! books & to a limit$ numb] ( o!r works h be5 giv5 9 ! m>g9s ( ?is text-book4 ,^! citations also m5tion a few ( ! m accessible s\rces1 :i* %\ld be us$ solely = purposes ( illu/ration4 ,x is ! cu/om 9 _m s*ools to spread ! /udy ( ,am]ican hi/ory ov] two ye>s1 & to devote ! fir/ ye> to a detail$ /udy ( ! p]iod be=e #agfj4 ,?is is a v bad arrangem5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x gives an undue emphasis to ! colonial p]iod2 9 ! second place1 z _m pupils nev] return to s*ool1 !y nev] h an opportunity to /udy ! lat] p]iod at all2 9 ! ?ird place1 x prev5ts ^? pupils :o complete ?is /udy f ga9+ an intellig5t view ( ! developm5t ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,&1 f9ally1 mo/ ( ! "t ! second ye> is sp5t 9 ! /udy ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> & ( ! ,w> = ! ,union4 ,a bett] way w\ld be to g ov] ! :ole book ! fir/ ye> ) "s p>allel read+1 & ! second ye> to review ! book & /udy ) great] c>e important episodes1 z ! mak+ ( ! ,con/itution1 ! /ruggle = fre$om 9 ! t]ritories1 & ! ,w> = ! ,union4 ,att5tion may also be giv5 ! second ye> to a /udy ( indu/rial hi/ory s9ce #agij & to ! elem5ts ( civil gov]nm5t4 ,x is ! au?or's e>ne/ hope t tea*]s w reg>d ! e>ly *apt]s z introductory4 ,miss ,annie ,bliss ,*apman1 = _m ye>s a successful tea*] ( hi/ory 9 gramm> s*ools1 has k9dly provid$ a limit$ numb] ( sugge/ive que/ions1 & has also made _m excell5t sugge/ions to tea*]s4 ,^! are all app5d$ to ! sev]al divisions ( ! "w4 ,! au?or has add$ a few que/ions & a few sugge/ions ( 8 own4 ,he has also alt]$ "s ( ,miss ,*apman's que/ions4 ,:atev] !re is comm5dable 9 ?is app>atus %\ld be cr$it$ to ,miss ,*apman4 ,ackn[l$gm5ts are also due to ,miss ,beulah ,m>ie ,dix = v _m admirable sugge/ions z to language & =m4 ,! au?or w cordially welcome criticisms & sugge/ions f any "o1 especially f tea*]s1 & w be v glad to receive notice ( any errors4 ,,cambridge1 ,m>* #bi1 #aijj4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,i ,,discov]y ,,& ,,exploration1 #ajjj-afjj4 #a4 ,! ,european ,discov]y ( ,am]ica4 #b4 ,spani% & ,fr5* ,pione]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #c4 ,pione]s ( ,engl&4 ,,ii ,,colonization1 #afjj-affj4 #d4 ,fr5* ,coloni/s1 ,mission>ies1 & ,explor]s4 #e4 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&4 #f4 ,new ,engl&4 #g4 ,new ,ne!rl& & ,new ,sw$54 ,,iii ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,colonial ,,hi/ory1 #affj-agfj4 #h4 ,! ,colonies "u ,*>les ,,ii4 #i4 ,colonial ,developm5t1 #afhh-agfj4 #aj4 ,expulsion ( ! ,fr5*4 ,,iv ,,colonial ,,union1 #agfj-aggd4 #aa4 ,brita9's ,colonial ,sy/em4 #ab4 ,taxation )\t ,repres5tation4 #ac4 ,revolution imp5d+4 ,v ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce1 #agge-aghc4 #ad4 ,bunk] ,hill to ,tr5ton4 #ae4 ,! ,great ,decl>ation & ! ,fr5* ,alliance4 #af4 ,indep5d5ce4 ,,vi ,,! ,,critical ,,p]iod1 #aghc-aghi4 #ag4 ,! ,conf$]ation1 #aghc-aghg4 #ah4 ,mak+ ( ! ,con/itution1 #aghg-aghi4 ,,vii ,,! ,,f$]ali/ ,,supremacy1 #aghi-ahja4 #ai4 ,organization ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 #bj4 ,rise ( ,political ,p>ties4 #ba4 ,! ,la/ ,f$]ali/ ,adm9i/ration4 ,,viii ,,! ,,jeff]sonian ,,republicans1 #ahja-ahab4 #bb4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjj4 #bc4 ,jeff]son's ,adm9i/rations4 #bd4 ,causes ( ! ,w> ( #ahab4 ,,ix ,,w> ,,& ,,peace1 #ahab-ahbi4 #be4 ,! ,second ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 #ahab-ahae4 #bf4 ,! ,era ( ,good ,feel+1 #ahae-ahbd4 #bg4 ,new ,p>ties & ,new ,policies1 #ahbd-ahbi4 ,x ,,! ,,national ,,democracy1 #ahbi-ahdd4 #bh4 ,! ,am]ican ,p 9 #ahcj4 #bi4 ,! ,reign ( ,&rew ,jackson1 #ahbi-ahcg4 #cj4 ,democrats & ,:igs1 #ahcg-ahdd4 ,,xi ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,t]ritories1 #ahdd-ahei4 #ca4 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,antislav]y ,agitation4 #cb4 ,! ,mexican ,w>4 #cc4 ,! ,compromise ( #ahej4 #cd4 ,! ,/ruggle = ,kansas4 ,,xii ,,secession1 #ahfj-ahfa4 #ce4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahfj4 #cf4 ,secession1 #ahfj-ahfa4 ,,xiii ,,! ,,w> ,,= ,,! ,,union1 #ahfa-ahfe4 #cg4 ,! ,ris+ ( ! ,peoples1 #ahfa4 #ch4 ,bull ,run to ,murfreesboro'1 #ahfa-ahfb4 #ci4 ,! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 #dj4 ,! ,ye> #ahfc4 #da4 ,! ,end ( ! ,w>1 #ahfd-ahfe4 ,,xiv ,,recon/ruction ,,& ,,reunion1 #ahfe-ahfi4 #db4 ,presid5t ,johnson & ,recon/ruction1 #ahfe-ahfi4 #dc4 ,f ,grant to ,clevel&1 #ahfi-ahhi4 ,,xv ,,national ,,developm5t1 #ahhi-aijj4 #dd4 ,confusion 9 ,politics4 #de4 ,! ,spani% ,w>4 ,,maps4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,%[+ ,,=ms ,,( ,,l&4 ,,briti% ,,dom9ions ,,9 ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #aghc4 ,,claims ,,& ,,cessions4 ,,t]ritorial ,,acquisitions4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahjj4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahjc4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahai4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahcj4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahej4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahfj4 ,,slav]y ,,& ,,secession4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #aijj4 ,,dep5d5cies ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,! ,,_w1 ,,etc44 ,table ( ,dates #ahae-ahbd4 ,era ( ,good ,feel+4 #ahai4 ,! ,florida ,treaty4 #ahbj4 ,miss\ri ,compromise4 #ahbc4 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 #ahbe4 ,! ,erie ,canal4 #ahbh4 ,election ( ,jackson4 #ahcj4 ,! ,locomotive4 #ahcb4 ,! ,nullification ,episode4 #ahdj4 ,election ( ,william ,h4 ,h>rison4 #ahdd4 ,! ,electric ,telegraph4 #ahde4 ,! ,horse ,reap]4 #ahde4 ,annexation ( ,texas4 #ahdf4 ,! ,oregon ,treaty4 #ahdf-ahdh4 ,! ,mexican ,w> 7,acquisition ( ,cali=nia1 ,new ,mexico1 etc47 #ahdi4 ,cali=nia 7,discov]y ( ,gold74 #ahej4 ,compromise ( #ahej4 #ahed4 ,kansas-,nebraska ,act4 #aheg4 ,! ,dr$ ,scott ,case4 #ahfa-ahfe4 ,! ,w> = ! ,union4 #ahfc4 ,emancipation ,proclamation1 ,vicksburg1 & ,gettysburg4 #ahfg4 ,pur*ase ( ,alaska4 #ahfg4 ,recon/ruction ,acts4 #ahfh4 ,impea*m5t ( ,johnson4 #ahgf4 ,! ,electoral ,commission4 #ahha-ahhc4 ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m4 #ahij4 ,%]man ,silv] ,law 7,repeal$1 #ahic74 #ahih4 ,! ,w> ) ,spa94 ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! li/s ( ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ conta9 su* titles only z are suit$ to ! pupil's ne$s4 ,! tea*] w f9d abundant ref]5ces 9 ,*ann+'s ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,n4,y41 ,macmillan74 ,! l>g] "w also conta9s ! reasons = _m /atem5ts :i* are "h giv5 z facts )\t qualification4 ,ref]5ce to ! ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory is made easy by ! fact t ! divisions or p>ts 7"h m>k$ by ,roman num]als7 cov] ! same p]iods 9 "t z ! *apt]s ( ! l>g] "w4 ,on ! m>g9s ( ! pres5t volume w be f\nd specific ref]5ces to ?ree text-books radically unlike ?is text-book ei!r 9 proportion or 9 po9t ( view4 ,!re are also ref]5ces to easily accessible s\rces & to a few ( ! l>g] works4 ,x is n sugge/$ t any "o pupil1 or ev5 "o class1 %all /udy or read all ( ^! ref]5ces4 ,b e pupil may well read "s ( !m "u ea* division4 ,!y are also suit$ to topical "w4 ,"u ! head ( ,home ,read+s great c>e has be5 tak5 to m5tion su* books only z are likely to be f\nd int]e/+4 ,! books mo/ frequ5tly cit$ 9 ! m>g9s are ,higg9son's ,"y ,folks' ,hi/ory 7,n4,y41 ,longmans71 cit$ z ,higg9son2 ,eggle/on's ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,p 7,n4,y41 ,appleton71 cit$ z ,eggle/on1 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,n4,y41 ,am]ican ,book ,co471 cit$ z ,mc,master2 ,higg9son's ,book ( ,am]ican ,explor]s 7,n4,y41 ,longmans71 cit$ z ,explor]s2 ,lodge & ,roosevelt1 ,h]o ,tales f ,am]ican ,hi/ory1 cit$ z ,h]o ,tales2 & ,h>t's ,s\rce-,book ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory 7,n4,y41 ,macmillan71 cit$ z ,s\rce-,book4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,i ,,discov]y ,,& ,,exploration1 #ajjj-afjj ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,p>kman's ,pione]s ( ,france 7edition ( #ahhg or a lat] edition72 ,irv+'s ,columbus 7abridg$ edition74 ,home ,read+s4--,higg9son's ,tales ( ! ,en*ant$ ,isl&s ( ! ,atlantic2 ,mackie's ,) ! ,admiral ( ! ,ocean ,sea 7,columbus72 ,lummis's ,spani% ,pione]s2 ,k+'s ,de ,soto 9 ! ,l& ( ,florida2 ,wright's ,*ildr5's ,/ories 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory2 ,b>nes's ,drake & 8 ,yeom54 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,european ,,discov]y ,,( ,,am]ica ,sid5ote3 ,leif ,ericson4 #a4 ,leif ,ericson discov]s ,am]ica1 #ajjj4--;,9 our e>ly *ildhood _m ( u le>n$ to repeat ! l9es3-- ,columbus sail$ ! ocean blue ,9 f\rte5 hundr$1 n9ety-two4 ,sid5ote3 ,leif discov]s ,am]ica1 #ajjj4 ,higg9son1 #be-cj2 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets1 ,no4 #c4 ,we ?\ght t he 0 ! fir/ ,european to visit ,am]ica4 ,b ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s be=e 8 "t ,leif ,ericson _h discov]$ ! ,new ,_w4 ,he 0 a ,nor?man & ! son ( ,eric ! ,r$4 ,eric _h already f\nd$ a colony 9 ,gre5l&1 & ,leif sail$ f ,norway to make him a visit4 ,?is 0 9 ! ye> #ajjj4 ,day aft] day ,leif & 8 m5 7 toss$ ab\t on ! sea until !y rea*$ an unkn[n l& :]e !y f\nd _m grape-v9es4 ,!y call$ x ,v9l& or ,w9el&4 ,!y ,!n sail$ nor?w>d & rea*$ ,gre5l& 9 safety4 ,precisely :]e ,v9l& 0 is n kn[n4 ,b x c]ta9ly 0 "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,leif ,ericson1 ! ,nor?man1 0 !re=e ! real discov]] ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,europe1 ,,icel&1 ,,gre5l&1 ,,& ,,nor? ,,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>co ,polo1 ,ca?ay1 & ,cipango4 #b4 ,e>ly ,european ,travel]s4--,! p ( ,europe knew m ( ! l&s ( ,asia ?an !y knew ( ,v9l&4 ,= hundr$s ( ye>s mission>ies1 trad]s1 & travel]s visit$ ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,!y br\ght back to ,europe silks & spices1 & ornam5ts ( gold & ( silv]4 ,!y told m>vel\s tales ( ri* l&s & great pr9ces4 ,"o ( ^! travel]s 0 a ,v5etian nam$ ,m>co ,polo4 ,he told ( ,ca?ay or ,*9a & ( ,cipango or ,japan4 ,?is la/ c\ntry 0 an isl&4 ,its k+ 0 s ri* t ev5 ! floors ( 8 palaces 7 ( pure gold4 ,sudd5ly ! ,turks conqu]$ ! l&s betwe5 ,europe & ! gold5 ,ea/4 ,!y put an end to ?is trad+ & travel+4 ,new ways to ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan mu/ be f\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,portuguese seam54 #c4 ,e>ly ,portuguese ,sailors4--,"o way to ! ,ea/ seem$ to be ar\nd ! s\!rn end ( ,africa--if x %\ld turn out t !re 0 a s\!rn end to t ,d>k ,cont95t4 ,9 #adhg ,portuguese seam5 sail$ ar\nd ! s\!rn end ( ,africa &1 return+ home1 call$ t po9t ! ,cape ( ,/orms4 ,b ! ,k+ ( ,portugal ?\ght t n[ !re 0 good hope ( rea*+ ,india by sea4 ,s he *ang$ ! "n to ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,t5 ye>s lat] a brave ,portuguese sailor1 ,vasco da ,gama1 actually rea*$ ,india by ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & return$ safely to ,portugal 7#adig74 ,sid5ote3 ,columbus & 8 beliefs4 ,higg9son1 #ca-ce2 ,eggle/on1 #a-c2 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets1 ,no4 #a4 #d4 ,columbus4--,meantime ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 an ,italian1 _h return$ f an ev5 m />tl+ voyage4 ,f :at he _h read1 & f :at o!r m5 _h told him1 he _h come to believe t ! e>? 0 r\nd4 ,if ?is 7 really true1 ,cipango & ,ca?ay 7 we/ ( ,europe z well z ea/ ( ,europe4 ,columbus also believ$ t ! e>? 0 v mu* small] ?an x really is1 & t ,cipango 0 only ?ree ?\s& miles we/ ( ,spa94 ,= a "t p laugh$ at ! idea ( sail+ we/w>d to ,cipango & ,ca?ay4 ,b at l5g? ,columbus secur$ en\gh money to fit out a little fleet4 ,sid5ote3 ,columbus rea*es ,am]ica1 #adib4 ,higg9son1 #ce-cg2 ,eggle/on1 #c-e4 #e4 ,! ,voyage1 #adib4--;,columbus left ,spa9 9 ,augu/1 #adib1 &1 refitt+ at ! ,can>ies1 sail$ we/w>d into ! ,sea ( ,d>kness4 ,at t5 o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ( ,octob] #bj1 #adib1 look+ out into ! night1 he saw a light 9 ! di/ance4 ,! fleet 0 soon /opp$4 ,:5 day broke1 !re1 sure en\gh1 0 l&4 ,a boat 0 l[]$1 & ,columbus1 go+ a%ore1 took possession ( ! new l& = ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,aragon & ,ca/ile4 ,! natives came to see ! discov]]s4 ,!y 7 r$di% 9 color & int]e/$ ,columbus--= 7 !y n inhabitants ( ! ,f> ,ea/8 ,s he call$ !m ,indians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ips1 ,,sea-,,mon/]s1 ,,& ,,indians4 ,f an e>ly ,spani% book on ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,indians1 ,higg9son1 #ac-bd2 ,eggle/on1 #ga-gf4 ,sid5ote3 ,columbus discov]s ,cuba4 #f4 ,! ,indians & ! ,indies4--,^! ,indians 7 n at all l ^? wond]ful p ( ,ca?ay & ,cipango :om ,m>co ,polo _h describ$4 ,in/ead ( we>+ clo!s ( silk & ( gold embroid]$ sat91 ^! p wore no clo!s ( any k9d4 ,b x 0 pla9 en\gh t ! isl& !y _h f\nd 0 n ,cipango4 ,x 0 probably "s isl& (f ! coa/ ( ,cipango1 s on ,columbus sail$ & discov]$ ,cuba4 ,he 0 c]ta9 t ,cuba 0 a "p ( ! ma9l& ( ,asia1 = ! ,indians kept say+ ,cubanaquan4 ,columbus ?\ght t ?is 0 _! way ( pron\nc+ ,kublai ,khan--! "n ( a mighty ea/]n rul]4 ,s he s5t two mess5g]s ) a lett] to t p[]ful mon>*4 ,return+ to ,spa91 ,columbus 0 welcom$ z a great admiral4 ,he made ?ree o!r voyages to ,am]ica4 ,b he nev] came )9 sight ( ! ma9l& ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,cabot visits ,nor? ,am]ica1 #adig4 ,higg9son1 #dj-db2 ,eggle/on1 #h-aj2 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets1 ,no4 #i4 #g4 ,john ,cabot1 #adig4--,:ile ,columbus explor$ ! ,we/ ,indies1 ano!r ,italian sail$ across ! ,sea ( ,d>kness f>!r nor?4 ,8 "n 0 ,john ,cabot1 & he sail$ ) a lic5se f ,h5ry ,,vii ( ,engl&1 ! fir/ ( ! ,tudor k+s4 ,sett+ boldly =? f ,bri/ol1 ,engl&1 he cross$ ! ,nor? ,atlantic & rea*$ ! coa/ ( ,am]ica nor? ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,l ,columbus1 he ?\ght t he _h f\nd ! c\ntry ( ! ,gr& ,khan4 ,^u 8 discov]y ,engli% k+s bas$ _! claim to ! "r to colonize ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]icus ,vespucius1 8 voyages & books4 ,higg9son1 #cg-ch2 ,eggle/on1 #g-h4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,_w nam$ ,am]ica4 #h4 ,! ,nam+ ( ,am]ica4--,_m o!r explor]s also visit$ ! new-f\nd l&s4 ,among ^! 0 an ,italian nam$ ,am]icus ,vespucius4 ,precisely :]e he w5t is n cle>4 ,b x is cle> t he wrote acc\nts ( 8 voyages1 :i* 7 pr9t$ & read by _m p]sons4 ,9 ^! acc\nts he said t :at we call ,s\? ,am]ica 0 n a "p ( ,asia4 ,s he nam$ x ! ,new ,_w4 ,columbus all ! "t 0 decl>+ t ! l&s he _h f\nd 7 a "p ( ,asia4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t p 9 ?9k+ ( ! ,new ,_w %\ld ?9k ( ,am]icus ,vespucius4 ,be=e long "s "o ev5 sugge/$ t ! ,new ,_w %\ld be nam$ ,am]ica 9 8 honor4 ,?is 0 done1 & :5 x became c]ta9 t ! o!r l&s 7 n p>ts ( ,asia1 ! "n ,am]ica 0 giv5 to !m also until ! :ole cont95t came to be call$ ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]icus ,,vespucius4 ,sid5ote3 ,balboa sees ! ,pacific1 #aeac4 ,sid5ote3 ,magellan's great voyage1 #aebj4 ,eggle/on1 #aj-aa4 #i4 ,balboa & ,magellan1 #aeac1 #aebj4--;,balboa 0 a ,spani>d :o came to ,san ,dom+o to seek 8 =tune4 ,he became a paup] & fl$ away f ^? to :om he ow$ money4 ,aft] long w&]+s he f\nd himself on a high m\nta9 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama4 ,to ! s\?w>d sp>kl$ ! wat]s ( a new sea4 ,he call$ x ! ,s\? ,sea4 ,wad+ into x wai/ deep1 he wav$ 8 sword 9 ! air & took possession ( x = 8 royal ma/]1 ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,?is 0 9 #aeac4 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 9 #aebj1 ,magellan1 a ,portuguese seaman 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,spani% k+1 sail$ ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,magellan & ent]$ ! same great ocean1 :i* he call$ ! ,pacific4 ,!nce nor?w>d & we/w>d he sail$ day aft] day1 week aft] week1 & mon? aft] mon?1 until he rea*$ ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4 ,! natives kill$ ,magellan4 ,b "o ( 8 vessels f\nd h] way back to ,spa9 ar\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,,*apt] #b ,,spani% ,,& ,,fr5* ,,pione]s ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,sid5ote3 ,indian traditions4 #aj4 ,/ories ( ,gold5 ,l&s4--,:]ev] ! ,spani>ds w5t1 ! ,indians always told !m /ories ( gold5 l&s some:]e else4 ,! ,bahama ,indians1 = in/ance1 told _! cruel ,spani% ma/]s ( a wond]ful l& t[>d ! nor?4 ,n only 0 !re gold 9 t l&2 !re 0 also a f\nta9 ^: wat]s re/or$ y\? & vigor to ! dr9k]4 ,among ! fi]ce ,spani% soldi]s 0 ,ponce de ,leon 7,pon'?a da la-on'74 ,he det]m9$ to see = himself if ^! /ories 7 true4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,leon visits ,florida1 #aeac4 ,higg9son1 #db4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,leon's dea?4 #aa4 ,discov]y ( ,florida1 #aeac4--;,9 ! same ye> t ,balboa discov]$ ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ,ponce de ,leon sail$ nor?w>d & we/w>d f ! ,bahamas4 ,on ,ea/] ,sunday1 #aeac1 he an*or$ (f ! %ores ( a new l&4 ,! ,spani% "n = ,ea/] 0 ,la ,pascua de los ,flores4 ,s ,de ,leon call$ ! new l& ,florida4 ,= ! ,spani>ds 7 a v religi\s p & usually nam$ _! l&s & settlem5ts f sa9ts or religi\s ev5ts4 ,de ,leon !n sail$ ar\nd ! s\!rn end ( ,florida & back to ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,9 #aeba he aga9 visit$ ,florida1 0 w\nd$ by an ,indian arr[1 & return$ home to die4 ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( ! ,mississippi4 ,sid5ote3 ,conque/ ( ,mexico4 #ab4 ,spani% ,voyages & ,conque/s4--,spani% sailors & conqu]ors n[ appe>$ 9 quick succession on ! nor!rn & we/]n %ores ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,"o ( !m discov]$ ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi4 ,o!rs ( !m /ole ,indians & c>ri$ !m to ! isl&s to "w z slaves4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( !m all 0 ,cortez4 ,9 #aeai he conqu]$ ,mexico aft] a ?rill+ campaign & f\nd !re great /ore ( gold & silv]4 ,?is discov]y l$ to m exp$itions & to ! exploration ( ! s\!rn half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,coronado sets out f ,mexico1 #aedj4 ,sid5ote3 ,! pueblo ,indians4 ,s\rce ,book1 #f4 #ac4 ,coronado 9 ! ,s\?we/1 #aedj-db4--;,9 #aedj ,coronado set out f ! ,spani% t[ns on ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia to seek = m gold & silv]4 ,= sev5ty-?ree days he j\rney$ nor?w>d until he came to ! pueblos 7pweb'-lo7 ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,^! pueblos 7 huge build+s ( /one & sun-dri$ clay4 ,"s ( !m 7 l>ge en\gh to %elt] ?ree hundr$ ,indian families4 ,pueblos are /ill to be se5 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 & ! ,indians liv+ 9 !m ev5 to ?is day tell /ories ( ,coronado's com+ & ( 8 cruelty4 ,!re 0 h>dly any gold & silv] 9 ^! cities1 s a great grief fell ^u ,coronado & 8 comrades4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology4 ,,! ,,pueblo ,,( ,,zu,i 7,,f ,a ,,photograph74 ,sid5ote3 ,coronado f9ds ! ,great ,pla9s4 #ad4 ,! ,great ,pla9s4--,soon1 h[ev]1 a new hope came to ! ,spani>ds1 = an ,indian told !m t f> away 9 ! nor? !re really 0 a gold5 l&4 ,onw>d rode ,coronado & a body ( pick$ m54 ,!y cross$ va/ pla9s :]e !re 7 no m\nta9s to guide !m4 ,= m ?an a ?\s& miles !y rode on until !y rea*$ ea/]n ,kansas4 ,ev]y:]e !y f\nd great h]ds ( buffaloes1 or wild c[s1 z !y call$ !m4 ,!y also met ! ,indians ( ! ,pla9s4 ,unlike ! ,indians ( ! pueblos1 ^! ,indians liv$ 9 t5ts made ( buffalo hides /ret*$ ^u poles4 ,ev]y:]e !re 7 pla9s1 buffaloes1 & ,indians4 ,n[h]e 0 !re gold or silv]4 ,brok5 he>t$1 ,coronado & 8 m5 rode s\?w>d to _! old homes 9 ,mexico4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,soto 9 ,florida1 #aeci4 ,explor]s1 #aai-ach4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,soto crosses ! ,mississippi4 #ae4 ,de ,soto 9 ! ,s\!a/1 #aeci-dc4--;,9 #aeci a ,spani% army l&$ at ,tampa ,bay1 on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,florida4 ,! lead] ( ?is army 0 ,de ,soto1 "o ( ! conqu]ors ( ,p]u4 ,he 0 v fond ( ! sport ( kill+ ,indians & 0 also gre$y = gold & silv]4 ,f ,tampa he m>*$ nor?w>d to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & !n m>*$ s\?we/w>d to ,mobile ,bay4 ,!re he _h a dreadful "t2 = ! ,indians burn$ 8 camp & /ores & kill$ _m ( 8 m54 ,f ,mobile he w&]$ nor?we/w>d until he came to a great riv]4 ,x 0 ! ,mississippi1 & 0 s wide t a man /&+ on "o bank c\ld n see a man /&+ on ! opposite bank4 ,"s ( ,de ,soto's m5 p5etrat$ we/w>d ne>ly to ! l9e ( ,coronado's m>*4 ,b ! two b&s did n meet4 ,de ,soto di$ & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,mississippi4 ,^? ( 8 m5 :o /ill liv$ built a few boats & manag$ to rea* ! ,spani% settlem5ts 9 ,mexico4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r ,spani% explor]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,attempts at settlem5t4 #af4 ,o!r ,spani% ,exp$itions4--,_m o!r ,spani% explor]s visit$ ! %ores ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be=e #aeej4 ,"s sail$ along ! ,pacific coa/2 o!rs sail$ along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,! ,spani>ds also made sev]al attempts to f\nd settlem5ts bo? on ! nor!rn %ore ( ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & on ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,b all ^! e>ly attempts end$ 9 failure4 ,9 #aeej !re 7 no ,spani>ds on ! cont95t )9 ! pres5t limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except possibly a few trad]s & mission>ies 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]razano's voyages1 #aebd4 ,higg9son1 #dd-de2 ,explor]s1 #fj-fi4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>ti] 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 #aecd-cf4 ,explor]s #ii-aag4 #ag4 ,e>ly ,fr5* ,voyages1 #aebd-cf4--,! fir/ ,fr5* exp$ition to ,am]ica 0 l$ by an ,italian nam$ ,v]razano 7,v]-r-ts'-no71 b he sail$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,francis ,i1 ,k+ ( ,france4 ,he made 8 voyage 9 #aebd & sail$ along ! coa/ f ! ,cape ,fe> ,riv] to ,nova ,scotia4 ,he ent]$ ,new ,york h>bor & sp5t two weeks 9 ,newport h>bor4 ,he report$ t ! c\ntry 0 z pleasant z x is possible to conceive4 ,! next ,fr5* exp$ition 0 l$ by a ,fr5*man nam$ ,c>ti] 7,k>'-tya'74 ,9 #aecd he visit$ ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,9 #aece he sail$ up ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] to ,montreal4 ,b be=e he c\ld get out ( ! riv] aga9 ! ice =m$ ab\t 8 %ips4 ,he & 8 crew _h to pass ! w9t] !re4 ,!y suff]$ t]ribly1 & tw5ty-f\r ( !m p]i%$ ( cold & sickness4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aecf ! survivors return$ to ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,ribault explores ! ,c>ol9a coa/s1 #aefb4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* coloni/s 9 ,c>ol9a4 ,explor]s1 #adi-aef4 #ah4 ,! ,fr5* 9 ,c>ol9a1 #aefb4--,! ,fr5* next explor$ ! %ores ( ! ,c>ol9as4 ,ribault 7,re'-bo'7 0 ! "n ( _! comm&]4 ,sail+ s\?w>d f ,c>ol9a1 he discov]$ a beautiful riv] & call$ x ! ,riv] ( ,may4 ,b we "k x by its ,spani% "n ( ,/4 ,johns4 ,he left a few m5 on ! ,c>ol9a coa/ & return$ to ,france4 ,a ye> or m ^! m5 rema9$4 ,!n we>y+ ( _! life 9 ! wild]ness1 !y built a crazy boat ) sails ( %irts & %eets & /e]$ = ,france4 ,soon _! wat] gave out & !n _! food4 ,f9ally1 almo/ dead1 !y 7 rescu$ by an ,engli% %ip4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* coloni/s 9 ,florida4 #ai4 ,! ,fr5* 9 ,florida1 #aefd-fe4--,:ile ^! ,fr5*m5 7 sl[ly drift+ across ! ,atlantic1 a great ,fr5* exp$ition 0 sail+ to ,c>ol9a4 ,f9d+ ,ribault's m5 gone1 ! new colony 0 plant$ on ! banks ( ! ,riv] ( ,may4 ,soon ! settl]s ate up all ! food !y _h br\ght ) !m4 ,!n !y b\ght food f ! ,indians1 giv+ !m toys & old clo!s 9 ex*ange4 ,"s ( ! coloni/s rebell$4 ,!y seiz$ a vessel & sail$ away to plund] ! ,spani>ds 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,!y told ! ,spani>ds ( ! colony on ! ,riv] ( ,may1 & ! ,spani>ds resolv$ to de/roy x4 ,sid5ote3 ,spani>ds & ,fr5*m54 ,sid5ote3 ,end ( ! ,fr5* settlem5t1 #aefe4 ,explor]s1 #aei-aff4 #bj4 ,! ,spani>ds 9 ,florida1 #aefe4--;,= ?is purpose ! ,spani>ds s5t out an exp$ition "u ,m55dez 7,ma-n5'-de?74 ,he sail$ to ! ,riv] ( ,may & f\nd ,ribault !re ) a ,fr5* fleet4 ,s he turn$ s\?w>d1 & go+ a%ore f\nd$ ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,ribault foll[$1 b a t]rible /orm drove 8 :ole fleet a%ore s\? ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,m55dez !n m>*$ ov] l& to ! ,fr5* colony4 ,he surpris$ ! coloni/s & kill$ ne>ly all ( !m4 ,!n go+ back to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 he f\nd ,ribault & 8 %ipwreck$ sailors & kill$ ne>ly all ( !m4 ,9 ?is way end$ ! ,fr5* attempts to f\nd a colony 9 ,c>ol9a & ,florida4 ,b ,/4 ,augu/9e rema9$1 & is to-day ! olde/ t[n on ! ma9l& ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] #c ,,pione]s ,,( ,,engl& ,sid5ote3 ,hawk9s's voyages1 #aefb-fg4 #ba4 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s4--,= _m ye>s aft] ,cabot's voyage ,engli%m5 7 too busy at home to pay mu* att5tion to di/ant exp$itions4 ,b 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t ,engli% seam5 began to sail to ,am]ica4 ,! fir/ ( !m to w9 a place 9 hi/ory 0 ,john ,hawk9s4 ,he c>ri$ c>goes ( negro slaves f ,africa to ! ,we/ ,indies & sold !m to ! ,spani% plant]s4 ,on 8 ?ird voyage he 0 basely attack$ by ! ,spani>ds & lo/ f\r ( 8 five %ips4 ,return+ home1 he became "o ( ! lead+ m5 ( ,elizabe?'s little navy & f\ght mo/ gallantly = 8 c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake4 ,sid5ote3 ,drake on ! ,cali=nia coa/1 #aegg-gh4 ,s\rce-,book1 #i4 #bb4 ,sir ,francis ,drake4--,a great] & a m fam\s man 0 ,hawk9s's c\s91 ,francis ,drake4 ,he _h be5 ) ,hawk9s on 8 ?ird voyage & _h come to hate ,spani>ds mo/ vigor\sly4 ,9 #aegg he made a fam\s voyage r\nd ! _w4 ,/e]+ ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,magellan1 he plund]$ ! ,spani% t[ns on ! we/]n coa/s ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,at "o place 8 sailors w5t on %ore & f\nd a man s\nd asleep4 ,ne> him 7 f\r b>s ( silv]4 ,we took ! silv] & left ! man1 wrote ! old hi/orian ( ! voyage4 ,drake also captur$ vessels load$ ) gold & silv] & pe>ls4 ,sail+ nor?w>d1 he repair$ 8 %ip1 ! ,pelican1 on ! coa/ ( ,cali=nia1 & return$ home by ! way ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,sid5ote3 ,ralegh & 8 colonies4 ,eggle/on1 #ac-ag2 ,explor]s1 #agg-ahi4 #bc4 ,sir ,walt] ,ralegh4--,/ill ano!r fam\s ,engli%man ( ,elizabe?'s "t 0 ,walt] ,ralegh4 ,he nev] saw ! coa/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b 8 "n is rightly connect$ ) our hi/ory1 because he tri$ aga9 & aga9 to f\nd colonies on our %ores4 ,9 #aehd he s5t ,amadas & ,b>l[e to explore ! ,atlantic sea%ore ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,_! reports 7 s favorable t he s5t a /rong colony to settle on ,roanoke ,isl& 9 ,virg9ia1 z he nam$ t region4 ,b ! settl]s soon became unhappy because !y f\nd no gold4 ,!n1 too1 _! food began to fail1 & ,drake1 happ5+ along1 took !m back to ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,ralegh's la/ attempt1 #aehg4 ,explor]s1 #ahi-bjj4 #bd4 ,! ,lo/ ,colony1 #aehg4--,ralegh made /ill "o m attempt to f\nd a colony 9 ,virg9ia4 ,b ! fate ( ?is colony 0 mo/ dreadful4 ,= ! settl]s entirely disappe>$1--m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,among ! lo/ 0 little ,virg9ia ,d>e1 ! fir/ ,engli% *ild born 9 ,am]ica4 ,no "o really kn[s :at became ( ^! p4 ,b ! ,indians told ! lat] settl]s ( ,jame/[n t !y _h be5 kill$ by ! savages4 ,sid5ote3 ,ru9 ( ,spa9's sea-p[]4 ,engli% ,hi/ory = ,am]icans1 #aca-ace4 #be4 ,de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,armada1 #aehh4--,?is activity ( ! ,engli% 9 ,am]ica 0 v di/ress+ to ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,= he claim$ all ,am]ica = himself & did n wi% ,engli%m5 to g ?i!r4 ,he det]m9$ to conqu] ,engl& & ?us put an end to ^! ,engli% voyages4 ,b ,hawk9s1 ,drake1 ,ralegh1 & ! m5 beh9d ! ,engli% guns 7 too /rong ev5 = ! ,inv9cible ,armada4 ,spa9's sea-p[] nev] recov]$ f ?is t]rible bl[4 ,engli%m5 c\ld n[ f\nd colonies ) slight fe> ( ! ,spani>ds4 ,:5 ! ,spani% k+ le>n$ ( ! settlem5t ( ,jame/[n1 he ord]$ an exp$ition to g f ,/4 ,augu/9e to de/roy ! ,engli% colony4 ,b ! ,spani>ds nev] got f>!r ?an ! m\? ( ! ,james ,riv]4 ,= :5 !y rea*$ t po9t1 !y ?\ght !y saw ! ma/s & sp>s ( an ,engli% %ip4 ,!y at once turn$ ab\t & sail$ back to ,florida z fa/ z !y c\ld g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #a #a-c4--;a4 ,to h[ mu* honor are ! ,nor?m5 entitl$ z ! discov]]s ( ,am]ica8 b4 ,draw f memory a map %[+ ! relative positions ( ,norway1 ,icel&1 ,gre5l&1 & ,nor? ,am]ica4 c4 ,:at portions ( ! _w 7 kn[n to ,europeans 9 #adij8 ,expla9 by draw+ a map4 #d-f4--;a4 ,/ate ,columbus's beliefs ab\t ! %ape & size ( ! e>?4 b4 ,:at l& did ,columbus ?9k t he _h rea*$8 c4 ,:at is meant by ! /atem5t t he took possession ( ! new l&8 d4 ,describe ! appe>ance ( ! ,indians1 _! food1 & _! weapons4 #g-i4--;a4 ,:at o!r ,italians sail$ across ! ,atlantic be=e #aejj8 ,:y 0 ,cabot's voyage important8 b4 ,:y 0 ! ,new ,_w call$ ,am]ica & n ,columbia8 c4 ,describe ! discov]y ( ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,:y 0 ?is discov]y ( importance8 ,,*apt] #b #aj-ab4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! *ief wi% ( ! ,spani% explor]s8 b4 ,h[ did !y treat ! ,indians8 #ac-af4--;a4 ,describe a pueblo4 ,:at d ! exi/+ pueblos tea* u ab\t ! ,indians ( ,coronado's "t8 b4 ,describe ,coronado's m>*4 c4 ,:at o!r b& ( ,spani>ds ne>ly approa*$ ,coronado's m58 ,describe _! m>*4 d4 ,:at o!r places 7 explor$ by ! ,spani>ds8 #ag-bj4--;a4 ,:y did ,v]razano explore ! nor!a/]n coa/s8 b4 ,describe ,c>ti]'s exp]i5ces 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 c4 ,describe ! ,fr5* exp$itions to ,c>ol9a & ,florida4 d4 ,:at reason _h ! ,spani>ds = attack+ ! ,fr5*8 ,,*apt] #c #ba1 #bb4--;a4 ,look up some?+ ab\t ! e>ly voyages ( ,francis ,drake4 b4 ,comp>e ,drake's r\te ar\nd ! _w ) t ( ,magellan4 #bc-be4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ,ralegh's connection ) our hi/ory4 b4 ,0 ! t]ritory ,ralegh nam$ ,virg9ia j :at is n[ ! /ate ( ,virg9ia8 c4 ,:at is sea-p[]8 d4 ,:at effect did ! defeat ( ,spa9 h ^u our hi/ory8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,draw ^u an ,outl9e ,map ! r\tes ( all ! explor]s m5tion$4 ,place names & dates 9 _! prop] places4 b4 ,arrange a table ( ! v>i\s explor]s z foll[s1 /at+ 9 two or ?ree words :at ea* accompli%$3-- ,,date4 ,,spani%4 ,,fr5*4 ,,engli%4 ---------------------------------------- ----- #adib ,columbus #adig ,cabot4 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,columbus's fir/ voyage1 ,irv+ 7abridg$ edition74 b4 ,coronado's exp$ition1 ,lummis's ,spani% ,pione]s4 c4 ,v]razano & ,c>ti]1 ,higg9son's ,explor]s4 d4 ,! ,lo/ ,colony1 ,higg9son's ,explor]s4 e4 ,! ,engl& ( ,elizabe? 7a /udy ( any small hi/ory ( ,engl& w suffice = ?is topic74 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! tea*] is recomm5d$ to /udy s\rces 9 prep>+ h] "w1 mak+ selections :]e possible1 = ! pupil's use4 ,"s k ( ,european hi/ory 7,engli% especially7 is ess5tial = und]/&+ our e>ly hi/ory1 & def9ite "w ( ?is nature on ! tea*]'s "p1 at lea/1 is e>ne/ly advis$4 ,enc\rage outside read+ by assign+ subjects = individual prep>ation1 ! results to be giv5 to ! class4 ,let ! *ildr5 keep note books = ent]+ ! important po9ts ?us giv54 ,map /udy & map draw+ %\ld be con/ant1 b dem& correct relations r ?an f9i%$ draw+s4 ,geographical environm5t %\ld be emphasiz$ z well z ! influ5ce ( natural res\rces & productions 9 develop+ ! c\ntry & 9 det]m9+ its hi/ory4 ,9 lay+ out ! "w on ?is p]iod ! tea*] %\ld rememb] t ?is "p is 9 ! nature ( an introduction4 ,,ii ,,colonization1 #afjj-affj ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,fiske's ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools1 #ei-acc2 ,eggle/on's ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,p1 #ia-aac 7= colonial life72 ,p>kman's ,pione]s 7= ,fr5* colonies72 ,brad=d's ,plym\? ,plantation 7extracts 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets1 ,no4 #bi74 ,home ,read+s4--,drake's ,mak+ ( ,new ,engl&2 ,drake's ,mak+ ( ,virg9ia & ! ,middle ,/ates2 ,eggle/on's ,pocahontas & ,p[hatan2 ,dix's ,soldi] ,rigdale 7,pilgrim *ildr572 ,irv+'s ,knick]bock] ,hi/ory2 ,web/]'s ,plym\? ,oration2 ,longfell['s ,myles ,/&i%2 ,moore's ,pilgrims & ,puritans4 ,,*apt] #d ,,fr5* ,,coloni/s1 ,,mission>ies1 ,,& ,,explor]s ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,acadia1 #afjd4 ,sid5ote3 ,port ,royal4 #bf4 ,! ,fr5* 9 ,acadia4--,= ne>ly =ty ye>s aft] ! de/ruction ( ! colony on ! ,riv] ( ,may1 ,fr5*m5 7 too busy fight+ "o ano!r at home to s5d any m coloni/s to ,am]ica4 ,at l5g?1 9 #afjd1 a few ,fr5*m5 settl$ on an isl& 9 ! ,/4 ,croix ,riv]4 ,b ! place 0 s cold & w9dy t aft] a few mon?s !y cross$ ! ,bay ( ,fundy & f\nd$ ! t[n ( ,port ,royal4 ,! c\ntry !y call$ ,acadia4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ampla9 at ,plym\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,quebec f\nd$1 #afjh4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ampla9 on ,lake ,*ampla91 #afji4 ,sid5ote3 ,he attacks ! ,iroquois4 ,explor]s1 #bfi-bgh4 #bg4 ,*ampla9 & 8 ,"w4--,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! coloni/s 0 ,*ampla94 ,he sail$ along ! coa/ s\?w>d & we/w>d z f> z ,plym\?4 ,z he pass$ by ! m\? ( ,bo/on h>bor1 a mi/ hung l[ ov] ! wat]1 & he did n see ! entrance4 ,_h x be5 cle> he w\ld h discov]$ ,bo/on h>bor & ,*>les ,riv]1 & ,fr5* coloni/s might h settl$ !re4 ,9 #afjh ,*ampla9 built a trad+-po/ at ,quebec & liv$ !re = _m ye>s z gov]nor or *ief trad]4 ,he soon jo9$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,indians 9 _! w> p>ties & explor$ l>ge portions ( ! int]ior4 ,9 #afji he w5t ) ! ,indians to a beautiful lake4 ,f> away to ! ea/ 7 m\nta9s cov]$ ) sn[4 ,to ! s\? 7 o!r m\nta9s1 b ) no sn[ on _! tops4 ,to ! lake ! explor] gave 8 own "n1 & we /ill call x 9 8 honor1 ,lake ,*ampla94 ,:ile !re1 he drove away ) 8 fire>ms a body ( ,iroquois ,indians4 ,a few ye>s lat] he w5t ) ano!r w> p>ty to we/]n ,new ,york & aga9 attack$ ! ,iroquois4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* mission>ies & trad]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y visit ,lake ,sup]ior & ,lake ,mi*igan4 #bh4 ,! ,fr5* on ! ,great ,lakes4--,*ampla9 0 ! fir/ ( _m ,fr5* discov]]s4 ,"s ( ^! 7 mission>ies :o left home & fri5ds to br+ ! bless+s ( ,*ri/ianity to ! ,r$ ,m5 ( ! we/]n _w4 ,o!rs 7 fur-trad]s1 :ile /ill o!rs 7 m5 :o came to ! wild]ness 9 se>* ( excitem5t4 ,^! ,fr5* discov]]s f\nd ,lake ,sup]ior & ,lake ,mi*igan2 !y ev5 rea*$ ! headwat]s ( ! ,wiscons9 ,riv]--a bran* ( ! ,mississippi4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,jesuits & _! "w4 #bi4 ,! ,fr5* ,mission>ies4--,! mo/ active ( ! ,fr5* mission>ies 7 ! ,jesuits4 built /ations on ! %ores ( ! ,great ,lakes4 ,!y made long exp$itions to unkn[n regions4 ,"s ( !m 7 kill$ by ^? :om !y tri$ to conv]t to ,*ri/ianity4 ,o!rs 7 robb$ & left to />ve4 ,o!rs /ill 7 tortur$ & cruelly abus$4 ,b ! prospect ( />vation1 torture1 & dea? only made !m m eag] to c>ry on _! great "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ampla9',s ,,attack ,,on ,,an ,,iroquois ,,=t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,league ( ! ,iroquois4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! hatr$ ( ! ,fr5*4 ,its importance4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mission>ies & ! ,iroquois4 #cj4 ,! ,iroquois4--,! /ronge/ ( all ! ,indian tribes 7 ! nations :o =m$ ! ,league ( ! ,iroquois4 ,ev] s9ce ,*ampla9 fir$ ^u !m !y hat$ ! sight ( a ,fr5*man4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y look$ ^u ! ,dut* & ! ,engli% z _! fri5ds4 ,fr5* mission>ies tri$ to conv]t !m to ,*ri/ianity z !y _h conv]t$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,indians4 ,b ! ,iroquois saw 9 ?is only ano!r attempt at ,fr5* conque/4 ,s !y hung r$-hot /ones ab\t ! mission>ies' necks1 or !y burn$ !m to dea?1 or !y cut !m to pieces :ile yet liv+4 ,= a c5tury & a half ! ,iroquois /ood betwe5 ! ,dut* & ,engli% settl]s & _! common enemies 9 ,canada4 ,few ev5ts1 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1 !re=e1 h _h su* great consequ5ces z ,*ampla9's unprovok$ attacks ^u ! ,iroquois4 ,,*apt] #e ,,virg9ia ,,& ,,m>yl& ,sid5ote3 ,new conditions ( liv+ 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,virg9ia ,company4 #ca4 ,! ,virg9ia ,company1 #afjf4--;,engli% p 7 n[ beg9n+ to ?9k 9 e>ne/ ( f\nd+ colonies4 ,x 0 gett+ h>d] & h>d] to e>n "o's liv+ 9 ,engl&1 & x 0 v difficult to inve/ "o's money 9 any useful way4 ,x foll[$1 f ?is1 t !re 7 _m m5 :o 7 glad to become coloni/s1 & _m p]sons :o 7 glad to provide money to pay = f\nd+ colonies4 ,9 #afjf ! ,virg9ia ,company 0 =m$ & colonization began on a l>ge scale4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,virg9ia coloni/s at ,jame/[n1 #afjg4 ,higg9son1 #eb1 #aaj-aag2 ,eggle/on1 #ai-bh2 ,explor]s #bca-bfi4 ,sid5ote3 ,sickness & dea?4 #cb4 ,f\nd+ ( ,jame/[n1 #afjg4 ,! fir/ coloni/s sail$ = ,virg9ia 9 ,decemb]1 #afjf4 ,!y 7 mon?s on ! way & suff]$ t]rible h>d%ips4 ,at la/ !y rea*$ ,*esapeake ,bay & ,james ,riv] & settl$ on a p59sula on ! ,james1 ab\t ?irty miles f its m\?4 ,across ! little i/hmus :i* connect$ ?is p59sula ) ! ma9l& !y built a /rong f5ce1 or /ockade1 to keep ! ,indians away f _! huts4 ,_! settlem5t !y nam$ ,jame/[n4 ,! e>ly coloni/s ( ,virg9ia 7 n v well fitt$ = su* a "w4 ,"s ( !m 7 g5tlem5 :o _h nev] labor$ ) _! h&s2 o!rs 7 poor1 idle fell[s ^: only wi% 0 to d no?+ :atev]4 ,!re 7 a few en]getic m5 among !m z ,ratcliffe1 ,ar*]1 & ,smi?4 ,b ^! sp5t mo/ ( _! "t 9 explor+ ! bay & ! riv]s1 9 hunt+ = gold1 & 9 qu>rel+ ) "o ano!r4 ,) ! summ] came fev]s1 & soon fifty ( ! "o hundr$ & five orig9al coloni/s 7 dead4 ,!n foll[$ a cold1 h>d w9t]1 & _m ( ^? :o _h n di$ ( fev] 9 ! summ]1 n[ di$ ( cold4 ,! coloni/s br\ght little food ) !m1 !y 7 too lazy to plant mu* corn1 & !y 7 able to get only small supplies f ! ,indians4 ,inde$1 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,virg9ia is giv5 ma9ly to acc\nts ( />v+ times4 ,( ! fir/ ?\s& coloni/s n "o hundr$ liv$ to tell ! tale ( ^? e>ly days4 ,sid5ote3 ,sir ,?omas ,dale4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 wise action4 #cc4 ,sir ,?omas ,dale & ,good ,ord]4--,9 #afaa ,sir ,?omas ,dale came out z rul]1 & he rul$ ) an iron h&4 ,if a man refus$ to "w1 ,dale made a slave ( him = ?ree ye>s2 if he did n "w h>d en\gh1 ,dale _h him s\ndly :ipp$4 ,b ,sir ,?omas ,dale 0 n only a sev]e man2 he 0 also a wise man4 ,hi!rto ev]y?+ _h be5 9 common4 ,dale n[ tri$ ! exp]im5t ( giv+ ?ree acres ( l& to e "o ( ! old plant]s1 & he also all[$ !m "t to "w on _! own l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,tobacco4 ,sid5ote3 ,prosp]ity4 #cd4 ,tobacco-gr[+ & ,prosp]ity4--,european p 7 n[ beg9n+ to use tobacco4 ,mo/ ( x came f ! ,spani% colonies4 ,tobacco grew wild 9 ,virg9ia4 ,b ! coloni/s at fir/ did n "k h[ to dry x & make x fit = smok+4 ,aft] a few ye>s !y f\nd out h[ to prep>e x4 ,!y n[ work$ ) great eag]ness & plant$ tobacco on e spot ( cle>$ l&4 ,m5 ) money came ov] f ,engl&4 ,!y br\ght _m work+m5 ) !m & plant$ l>ge pieces ( gr\nd4 ,soon tobacco became ! money ( ! colony1 & ! :ole life ( ,virg9ia turn$ on its cultivation4 ,b x 0 difficult to f9d en\gh labor]s to d ! necess>y "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,:ite s]vants4 ,sid5ote3 ,crim9als4 ,sid5ote3 ,negro slaves1 #afai4 #ce4 ,s]vants & ,slaves4--,mo/ ( ! labor]s 7 :ite m5 & wom5 :o 7 b\nd to s]vice = t]ms ( ye>s4 ,^! 7 call$ s]vants4 ,"s ( !m 7 poor p]sons :o sold _! labor to pay = _! passage to ,virg9ia4 ,o!rs 7 un=tunate m5 & wom5 & ev5 *ildr5 :o 7 /ol5 f _! families & sold to ! coloni/s4 ,/ill o!rs 7 crim9als :om ,k+ ,james s5t ov] to ! colony because t 0 ! *eape/ ?+ to d ) !m4 ,9 #afai ! fir/ negro slaves 7 br\ght to ,virg9ia by a ,dut* vessel4 ,! ,virg9ians b\ght !m all--only tw5ty 9 numb]4 ,b ! plant]s pref]r$ :ite labor]s4 ,x 0 n until m t tw5ty-five ye>s _h pass$ away t ! slaves really became num]\s en\gh to make mu* diff]5ce 9 ! life ( ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,sir ,edw9 ,s&ys4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ ,am]ican legislature1 #afai4 #cf4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican ,legislature1 #afai4--,! m5 :o fir/ =m$ ! ,virg9ia ,company _h long s9ce lo/ int]e/ 9 x4 ,o!r m5 _h tak5 _! places4 ,^! latt] 7 mo/ly ,puritans 7p4 #bi7 or 7 ! fri5ds & work]s ) ! ,puritans4 ,! be/ kn[n ( !m 0 ,sir ,edw9 ,s&ys1 ! playmate ( ,william ,brew/]--"o ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs 7p4 #bi74 ,s&ys & 8 fri5ds s5t ,sir ,george ,ye>dley to ,virg9ia z gov]nor4 ,!y ord]$ him to summon an assembly to be made up ( repres5tatives *os5 by ! freem5 ( ! colony4 ,^! repres5tatives soon did away ) ,dale's f]oci\s regulations1 & made o!r & mu* mild] laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,end ( ! ,virg9ia ,company1 #afbd4 ,sid5ote3 ,virg9ia a royal prov9ce4 #cg4 ,virg9ia becomes a ,royal ,prov9ce1 #afbd4--,! ,virg9ians ?\ght ?is 0 a v good way to be gov]n$4 ,b ,k+ ,james ?\ght t ! new rul]s ( ! ,virg9ia ,company 7 mu* too lib]al1 & he det]m9$ to de/roy ! company4 ,! judges 9 ^? days d>$ n displease ! k+ = he c\ld turn !m out ( (fice at any "t4 ,s :5 he told !m to de/roy ! ,virg9ia *>t] !y took ! v fir/ opportunity to decl>e x to be ( no =ce4 ,9 ?is way ! ,virg9ia ,company came to an end1 & ,virg9ia became a royal prov9ce ) a gov]nor appo9t$ by ! k+4 ,sid5ote3 ,intol]ance 9 ,virg9ia4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]secution ( ! ,puritans4 #ch4 ,religi\s ,intol]ance4--,9 #afbe ,k+ ,james di$1 & 8 son ,*>les became k+4 ,he left ! ,virg9ians to !mselves = ! mo/ "p4 ,!y lik$ ?is4 ,b !y did n l 8 giv+ ! nor!rn "p ( ,virg9ia to a ,roman ,ca?olic favorite1 ,"l ,baltimore1 ) ! "n ( ,m>yl&4 ,_m ,roman ,ca?olics soon settl$ 9 ,"l ,baltimore's colony4 ,! ,virg9ians fe>$ le/ !y might come to ,virg9ia & made sev]e laws aga9/ !m4 ,puritan mission>ies also came f ,new ,engl& & began to conv]t ! ,virg9ians to ,puritanism4 ,gov]nor ,b]keley & ! lead+ ,virg9ians 7 ,episcopalians4 ,!y did n l ! ,puritans any bett] ?an !y lik$ ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,!y made h>% laws aga9/ !m & drove !m out ( ,virg9ia into ,m>yl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>yl& giv5 to ,baltimore1 #afcb4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,m>yl&4 ,higg9son1 #aba-abc2 ,eggle/on1 #ej-ec2 ,s\rce-book1 #dh-ea4 #ci4 ,settlem5t ( ,m>yl&4--,m>yl& includ$ ! mo/ valuable portion ( ,virg9ia nor? ( ! ,potomac4 ,beside be+ ! own] ( all ?is l&1 ,"l ,baltimore 0 also ! rul] ( ! colony4 ,he invit$ p to g ov] & settle 9 ,m>yl& & (f]$ to give !m l>ge tracts ( l& on ! paym5t ( a small sum e ye> =ev]4 ,ea* man's paym5t 0 small4 ,b all ! paym5ts tak5 toge!r1 made q a l>ge am\nt :i* w5t on gr[+ l>g] & l>g] z ,m>yl& 0 settl$4 ,! ,baltimores 7 broad-m9d$ m54 ,!y gave _! coloni/s a l>ge %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! colony & did :at !y c\ld to br+ ab\t religi\s tol]ation 9 ,m>yl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,roman ,ca?olics & ,puritans 9 ,m>yl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,tol]ation ,act1 #afdi4 #dj4 ,! ,m>yl& ,tol]ation ,act1 #afdi4--,! ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics 7 cruelly oppress$4 ,no prie/ ( t fai? 0 all[$ to live 9 ,engl&4 ,& ,roman ,ca?olics :o 7 n prie/s _h to pay heavy f9es simply because !y 7 ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,"l ,baltimore hop$ t 8 fell[ ,ca?olics might f9d a place ( %elt] 9 ,m>yl&1 & _m ( ! lead+ coloni/s 7 ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,b mo/ ( ! labor]s 7 ,prote/ants4 ,soon came ! ,puritans f ,virg9ia4 ,!y 7 k9dly receiv$ & giv5 l&4 ,b x 0 evid5t t x w\ld be difficult = ,roman ,ca?olics1 ,episcopalians1 & ,puritans to live toge!r )\t "s k9d ( law to g by4 ,s a law 0 made t any ,*ri/ian might wor%ip z he saw fit4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ tol]ation act 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ica4 ,x 0 ! fir/ tol]ation act 9 ! hi/ory ( mod]n times4 ,b ! ,puritan1 ,rog] ,williams1 _h already e/abli%$ religi\s fre$om 9 ,rhode ,isl& 7p4 #cc74 ,sid5ote3 ,tobacco & gra94 ,sid5ote3 ,comm]ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,s]vants & slaves4 #da4 ,m>yl& ,indu/ries4--,tobacco 0 ! mo/ important crop 9 e>ly ,m>yl&4 ,b gra9 0 rais$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! colony4 ,9 "t also !re grew up a l>ge trad+ t[n4 ,?is 0 ,baltimore4 ,its %ip[n]s & m]*ants became ri* & num]\s1 :ile !re 7 almo/ no %ip[n]s or m]*ants 9 ,virg9ia4 ,!re 7 also few] slaves 9 ,m>yl& ?an 9 ,virg9ia4 ,ne>ly all ! h>d labor 9 ! =m] colony 0 done by :ite s]vants4 ,9 mo/ o!r ways1 h[ev]1 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& 7 ne>ly alike4 ,,*apt] #f ,,new ,,engl& ,sid5ote3 ,! ,engli% ,puritans4 ,sid5ote3 ,non-,con=mi/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,sep>ati/s4 #db4 ,! ,puritans4--,! ,new ,engl& colonies 7 f\nd$ by ,engli% ,puritans :o left ,engl& because !y c\ld n d z !y wi%$ 9 ! home l&4 ,all ,puritans 7 agre$ 9 wi%+ = a fre] gov]nm5t ?an !y _h 9 ,engl& "u ! ,/u>t k+s & 9 /ate matt]s 7 really ! ,lib]als ( _! "t4 ,9 religi\s matt]s1 h[ev]1 !y 7 n all ( "o m9d4 ,"s ( !m wi%$ to make only a few *anges 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,^! 7 call$ ,non-,con=mi/s4 ,o!rs wi%$ to make s _m *anges 9 religion t !y c\ld n /ay 9 ! ,engli% ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,^! 7 call$ ,sep>ati/s4 ,! settl]s ( ,plym\? 7 ,sep>ati/s2 ! settl]s ( ,bo/on & neighbor+ t[ns 7 ,non-,con=mi/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,scrooby ,puritans4 ,higg9son1 #ee-ef2 ,eggle/on1 #cd4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y flee to ,holl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y decide to emigrate to ,am]ica4 #dc4 ,! ,pilgrims4--,( all ! gr\ps ( ,sep>ati/s scatt]$ ov] ,engl& none became s fam\s z ^? :o met at ,eld] ,brew/]'s h\se at ,scrooby4 ,k+ ,james decid$ to make all ,puritans con=m to ! ,/ate ,*ur* or to hunt !m out ( ! l&4 ,! ,scrooby p soon felt ! weight ( p]secution4 ,aft] suff]+ great h>d%ips & cruel treatm5t !y fl$ away to ,holl&4 ,b !re !y f\nd x v difficult to make a liv+4 ,!y suff]$ s t]ribly t _m ( _! ,engli% fri5ds pref]r$ to g to prison 9 ,engl& r ?an lead su* a life ( slav]y 9 ,holl&4 ,s ! ,pilgrims det]m9$ to f\nd a colony 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y reason$ t !y c\ld n be worse (f 9 ,am]ica1 because t w\ld be impossible4 ,at all ev5ts1 _! *ildr5 w\ld n gr[ up z ,dut*m51 b w\ld /ill be ,engli%m54 ,!y _h entire religi\s fre$om 9 ,holl&2 b !y ?\ght !y w\ld h ! same 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brew/]',s ,,h\se ,,at ,,scrooby4 ,! ,pilgrims held _! s]vices 9 ! build+ on ! left1 n[ us$ z a c[-h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! voyage ( ! ,mayfl[]1 #afbj4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mayfl[] at ,cape ,cod4 #dd4 ,! ,voyage across ! ,atlantic4--,brew/]'s old fri5d1 ,sir ,edw9 ,s&ys1 0 n[ at ! head ( ! ,virg9ia ,company4 ,he easily procur$ l& = ! ,pilgrims 9 nor!rn ,virg9ia1 ne> ! ,dut* settlem5ts 7p4 #da74 ,"s ,london m]*ants l5t !m money4 ,b !y l5t x on su* h>% conditions t ! ,pilgrims' e>ly life 9 ,am]ica 0 ne>ly z h>d z _! life _h be5 9 ,holl&4 ,!y _h a dreadful voyage across ! ,atlantic 9 ! ,mayfl[]4 ,at "o "t x seem$ z if ! %ip w\ld surely g d[n4 ,b ! ,pilgrims help$ ! sailors to place a heavy piece ( wood "u "o ( ! deck beams & sav$ ! vessel f go+ to pieces4 ,on ,novemb] #ai1 #afbj1 !y sight$ l& (f ! coa/ ( ,cape ,cod4 ,!y tri$ to sail ar\nd ! cape to ! s\?w>d1 b /orms drove !m back1 & !y an*or$ 9 ,prov9cet[n h>bor4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pilgrims ,compact1 #afbj4 #de4 ,! ,mayfl[] ,compact1 #afbj4--;,all ! pass5g]s on ! ,mayfl[] 7 n ,pilgrims4 ,"s ( !m 7 s]vants s5t out by ! ,london m]*ants to "w = !m4 ,^! m5 said t z !y 7 outside ( ,virg9ia1 ! lead]s ( ! exp$ition w\ld h no p[] ov] !m z soon z !y got on l&4 ,?is 0 true en\gh1 s ! ,pilgrims drew up & sign$ a compact :i* oblig$ ! sign]s to obey :atev] 0 decid$ to be = ! public good4 ,x gave ! *os5 lead]s p[] to make ! unruly obey _! comm&s4 ,illu/ration3 map ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pilgrims explore ! coa/4 ,explor]s1 #cai-cbh4 ,sid5ote3 ,plym\? settl$4 ,higg9son1#eh-fj2 ,eggle/on1 #ce-ch2 ,s\rce-,book1 #ci-da4 ,sid5ote3 ,sickness & dea?4 #df4 ,! ,fir/ ,w9t] at ,plym\?4--,= ne>ly a mon? ! ,pilgrims explor$ ! %ores ( ,cape ,cod ,bay4 ,f9ally1 on ,decemb] #ba1 #afbj1 a boat p>ty l&$ on ! ma9l& inside ( ,plym\? h>bor4 ,!y decid$ to f\nd _! colony on ! %ore at t place4 ,ab\t a week lat] ! ,mayfl[] an*or$ 9 ,plym\? h>bor4 ,= mon?s ! ,pilgrims liv$ on ! %ip :ile work+ p>ties built ! necess>y huts on %ore4 ,x 0 9 ! mid/ ( a cold ,new ,engl& w9t]4 ,! "w 0 h>d & food & clo?+ 7 n well suit$ to ! work]'s ne$s4 ,be=e ! ,mayfl[] sail$ away 9 ! spr+ "o-half ( ! little b& 0 dead4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pilgrims & ! ,indians4 ,explor]s1 #ccc-ccg4 ,sid5ote3 ,success ( ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,plym\? colony4 #dg4 ,new ,plym\? ,colony4--,( all ! ,indians :o once _h liv$ ne> ,plym\? only "o rema9$4 ,8 "n 0 ,squanto4 ,he came to ! ,pilgrims 9 ! spr+4 ,he taught !m to gr[ corn & to dig clams1 & ?us sav$ !m f />vation4 ,! ,pilgrims c>$ = him mo/ k9dly z long z he liv$4 ,ano!r & m important ,indian also came to ,plym\?4 ,he 0 ,massasoit1 *ief ( ! /ronge/ ,indian tribe ne> ,plym\?4 ,) him ! ,pilgrims made a treaty :i* bo? p>ties obey$ = m ?an fifty ye>s4 ,be=e long ! ,pilgrims' life became some:at easi]4 ,!y work$ h>d to raise food = !mselves1 !y fi%$ (f ! coa/s1 & b\ght furs f ! ,indians4 ,9 ^! ways !y got toge!r en\gh money to pay back ! ,london m]*ants4 ,_m ( _! fri5ds jo9$ !m4 ,o!r t[ns 7 settl$ ne> by1 & ,plym\? became ! capital ( ! colony ( ,new ,plym\?4 ,b ! colony 0 nev] v prosp]\s1 & 9 ! end 0 add$ to ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd]s ( ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,explor]s #cda-cfa2 ,s\rce-book #de-dh1 #gd-gf4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,massa*usetts1 #afcj4 ,higg9son1 #fj-fd2 ,eggle/on1 #ci-da4 #dh4 ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,massa*usetts1 #afbi-cj4--,unlike ! poor & humble ,pilgrims 7 ! f\nd]s ( ,massa*usetts4 ,!y 7 m5 ( weal? & social position1 z = in/ance1 ,john ,w9?rop & ,sir ,ri*>d ,salton/all4 ,!y left com=table homes 9 ,engl& to f\nd a ,puritan /ate 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y got a great tract ( l& ext5d+ f ! ,m]rimac to ! ,*>les1 & we/w>d across ! cont95t4 ,hundr$s ( coloni/s came ov] 9 ! ye>s #afbi-cj4 ,!y settl$ ,bo/on1 ,salem1 & neighbor+ t[ns4 ,9 ! next t5 ye>s ?\s&s m jo9$ !m4 ,f ! beg9n+ ,massa*usetts 0 /rong & prosp]\s4 ,among s _m p !re 7 "s :o did n get on happily ) ! rul]s ( ! colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,rog] ,williams expell$ f ,massa*usetts4 ,higg9son1 #fh-gj4 ,sid5ote3 ,he f\nds ,provid5ce1 #afcf4 ,s\rce-book1 #eb-ed4 #di4 ,rog] ,williams & ,religi\s ,lib]ty4--,among ! newcom]s 0 ,rog] ,williams1 a ,puritan m9i/]4 ,he disagre$ ) ! ,massa*usetts lead]s on sev]al po9ts4 ,= in/ance1 he ?\ght t ! ,massa*usetts p _h no "r to _! l&s1 & he insi/$ t ! rul]s _h no p[] 9 religi\s matt]s--z en=c+ ! laws z to ,sunday4 ,he insi/$ on ^! po9ts s /rongly t ! ,massa*usetts gov]nm5t expell$ him f ! colony4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #afcf2 ) f\r companions he f\nd$ ! t[n ( ,provid5ce4 ,!re he decid$ t e "o %\ld be free to wor%ip ,god z he or %e saw fit4 ,sid5ote3 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son & h] fri5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y settle ,rhode ,isl&1 #afcg4 #ej4 ,! ,rhode ,isl& ,t[ns4--,soon ano!r b& ( exiles came f ,massa*usetts4 ,^! 7 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son & h] foll[]s4 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son 0 a brilliant ,puritan woman :o _h come to ,bo/on f ,engl& to enjoy ! m9i/ry ( ,john ,cotton1 "o ( ! ,bo/on m9i/]s4 ,%e soon began to f9d fault ) ! o!r m9i/]s ( ! colony4 ,naturally1 !y did n l ?is4 ,_! fri5ds 7 m num]\s ?an 7 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son's fri5ds1 & ! latt] _h to leave ,massa*usetts4 ,!y settl$ on ! isl& ( ,rhode ,isl& 7#afcg74 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,connecticut coloni/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,connecticut1 #afce-cf4 ,higg9son1 #ga-gb4 #ea4 ,! ,connecticut ,colony4--,besides ^? ,puritans :om ! ,massa*usetts p drove f _! colony !re 7 o!r settl]s :o left ,massa*usetts ( _! own free w4 ,among ^! 7 ! f\nd]s ( ,connecticut4 ,! ,massa*usetts p w\ld gladly h _h !m rema91 b !y 7 discont5t$ & insi/$ on go+ away4 ,!y settl$ ! t[ns ( ,h>t=d1 ,w9dsor1 & ,wea!rsfield1 on ! ,connecticut ,riv]4 ,at ab\t ! same "t ,john ,w9?rop1 ,jr41 l$ a colony to ,saybrook1 at ! m\? ( ! ,connecticut4 ,up to ?is "t ! ,dut* _h seem$ to h ! be/ *ance to settle ! ,connecticut ,valley4 ,b ! control ( t region 0 n[ def9itely 9 ! h&s ( ! ,engli%4 ,sid5ote3 ,de/ruction ( ! ,pequods1 #afcg4 #eb4 ,! ,pequod ,w>1 #afcg4--,! ,pequod ,indians 7 n s ready z ! ,dut* to admit t resi/ance 0 hopeless4 ,!y attack$ ,we!rsfield4 ,!y kill$ sev]al coloni/s1 & c>ri$ o!rs away into captivity4 ,capta9 ,john ,mason ( ,connecticut & ,capta9 ,john ,und]hill ( ,massa*usetts w5t aga9/ !m ) ab\t "o hundr$ m54 ,!y surpris$ ! ,indians 9 _! =t4 ,!y set fire to ! =t1 & %ot d[n ! ,indians z !y /rove to escape f _! burn+ wigwams4 ,9 a %ort "t ! ,pequod tribe 0 de/roy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,w9?rop1 ,,jr4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,connecticut ,ord]s ( #afch-ci4 #ec4 ,! ,fir/ ,am]ican ,con/itution1 #afch-ci4--,! ,connecticut coloni/s _h leisure n[ to settle ! =m ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,massa*usetts _h su* a lib]al *>t] t no?+ m seem$ to be necess>y 9 t colony4 ,! ,mayfl[] ,compact did well en\gh = ! ,pilgrims4 ,! ,connecticut p _h no *>t]1 & !y want$ some?+ m def9ite ?an a vague compact4 ,s 9 ! w9t] ( #afch-ci !y met at ,h>t=d & set d[n on pap] a complete set ( rules = _! guidance4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% race t any p _h tri$ to d ?is4 ,! ,connecticut con/itution ( #afch-ci is !re=e look$ ^u z ! fir/ truly political writt5 con/itution 9 hi/ory4 ,! gov]nm5t ?us e/abli%$ 0 v mu* ! same z t ( ,massa*usetts ) ! exception t 9 ,connecticut !re 0 no religi\s condition = ! "r to vote z !re 0 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,hav5 settl]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,hav5 f\nd$1 #afch4 ,higg9son1 #gb-gc4 #ed4 ,new ,hav51 #afch4--,! settl]s ( ,new ,hav5 w5t ev5 f>!r ?an ! ,massa*usetts rul]s & held t ! ,/ate %\ld really be a "p ( ! ,*ur*4 ,massa*usetts 0 n entirely to _! ta/es4 ,!y pass$ only "o w9t] !re & !n mov$ away & settl$ ,new ,hav54 ,b ?is colony 0 n well situat$ = comm]ce1 & 0 too ne> ! ,dut* settlem5ts 7p4 #da74 ,x 0 nev] z prosp]\s z ,connecticut & 0 f9ally jo9$ to t colony4 ,sid5ote3 ,reasons = union4 ,sid5ote3 ,articles ( ,conf$]ation1 #afdc4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,engl& t[ns4 ,higg9son1 #dg-gi4 #ee4 ,! ,new ,engl& ,conf$]ation1 #afdc4--;,besides ! settlem5ts t h already be5 describ$ !re 7 coloni/s liv+ 9 ,new ,hamp%ire & 9 ,ma9e4 ,massa*usetts includ$ ! ,new ,hamp%ire t[ns )9 h] gov]nm5t1 = "s ( ^? t[ns 7 )9 h] limits4 ,9 #afdj ! ,long ,p>liam5t met 9 ,engl&1 & 9 #afde ,oliv] ,cromwell & ! ,puritans de/roy$ ! royal army 9 ! battle ( ,naseby4 ,9 ^! tr\bl$ times ,engl& c\ld d little to protect ! ,new ,engl& coloni/s1 & c\ld d no?+ to puni% !m = act+ indep5d5tly4 ,! ,new ,engl& coloni/s 7 surr\nd$ by =eign]s4 ,!re 7 ! ,fr5* on ! nor? & ! ea/1 & ! ,dut* on ! we/4 ,! ,indians1 too1 7 liv+ 9 _! mid/ & might at any "t turn on ! :ites & kill !m4 ,?9k+ all ^! ?+s ov]1 ! f\r lead+ colonies decid$ to jo9 toge!r = protection4 ,!y =m$ ! ,new ,engl& ,conf$]ation1 & drew up a con/itution4 ,! coloni/s liv+ 9 ,rhode ,isl& & 9 ,ma9e did n belong to ! ,conf$]ation1 b !y enjoy$ _m ( ! b5efits fl[+ f x2 = x 0 q c]ta9 t ! ,indians & ! ,fr5* & ! ,dut* w\ld ?9k twice be=e attack+ any ( ! ,new ,engl& settlem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*ild',s ,,high ,,*air1 ,,ab\t #afej4 ,sid5ote3 ,education4 #ef4 ,social ,conditions4--,! ,new ,engl& colonies 7 all settl$ on ! t[n sy/em1 = !re 7 no indu/ries :i* dem&$ l>ge plantations--z tobacco-plant+4 ,! ,new ,engl&]s 7 small f>m]s1 me*anics1 %ip-build]s1 & fi%]m54 ,!re 7 few s]vants 9 ,new ,engl& & almo/ no negro slaves4 ,mo/ ( ! labor]s 7 free m5 & work$ = wages z labor]s n[ d4 ,above all1 ! ,new ,engl&]s 7 v zeal\s 9 ! matt] ( education4 ,h>v>d ,college 0 f\nd$ 9 #afcf4 ,a few ye>s lat] a law 0 pass$ compell+ e t[n to provide s*ools = all ! *ildr5 9 ! t[n4 ,,*apt] #g ,,new ,,ne!rl& ,,& ,,new ,,sw$5 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company4 #eg4 ,! ,dut*4--,at ?is "t ! ,dut* 7 ! greate/ trad]s & %ip[n]s 9 ! _w4 ,!y 7 especially int]e/$ 9 ! comm]ce ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,inde$1 ! ,dut* ,india ,company 0 ! mo/ successful trad+ company 9 exi/5ce4 ,! way to ! ,ea/ ,indies lay ?r\gh seas c>efully gu>d$ by ! ,portuguese1 s ! ,dut* ,india ,company hir$ ,h5ry ,hudson1 an ,engli% sailor1 to se>* = a new r\te to ,india4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry ,hudson4 ,sid5ote3 ,he discov]s ,hudson's ,riv]1 #afji4 ,higg9son1 #hh-ij2 ,explor]s1 #bha-bif4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 dea?4 ,explor]s #bif-cjb4 #eh4 ,hudson's ,voyage1 #afji4--;,he set =? 9 #afji 9 ! ,half-,moon1 a /an* little %ip4 ,at fir/ he sail$ nor?w>d1 b ice soon block$ 8 way4 ,he !n sail$ s\?we/w>d to f9d a /rait1 :i* 0 said to lead ?r\gh ,am]ica1 nor? ( ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,on ,augu/ #c1 #afji1 he rea*$ ! entrance ( :at is n[ ,new ,york h>bor4 ,soon ! ,half-,moon ent]$ ! m\? ( ! riv] t /ill be>s h] capta9's "n4 ,up1 up ! riv] %e sail$1 until f9ally %e came to an*or ne> ! pres5t site ( ,albany4 ,! %ip's boats sail$ ev5 f>!r nor?4 ,ev]y:]e ! c\ntry 0 delightful4 ,! ,iroquois came (f to ! %ip 9 _! canoes4 ,hudson receiv$ !m mo/ k9dly--q unlike ! way ,*ampla9 treat$ o!r ,iroquois ,indians at ab\t ! same "t1 on ! %ore ( ,lake ,*ampla9 7p4 #bj74 ,!n ,hudson sail$ d[n ! riv] aga9 & back to ,europe4 ,he made "o lat] voyage to ,am]ica1 ?is "t "u ! ,engli% flag4 ,he 0 turn$ adrift by 8 m5 9 ,hudson's ,bay1 & p]i%$ 9 ! cold & ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dut* fur-trad]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,settle on ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,ne!rl&4 #ei4 ,! ,dut* ,fur-,trad]s4--,hudson's failure to f9d a new way to ,india made ! ,dut* ,india ,company lose int]e/ 9 ,am]ican exploration4 ,b _m ,dut* m]*ants 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 ,hudson's acc\nt ( ! ,great ,riv] ( ! ,m\nta94 ,!y ?\ght t !y c\ld make money f trad+ = furs ) ! ,indians4 ,!y s5t _m exp$itions to ,hudson's ,riv]1 & made a great deal ( money4 ,"s ( _! capta9s explor$ ! coa/ nor?w>d & s\?w>d z f> z ,bo/on h>bor & ,delaw>e ,bay4 ,_! pr9cipal trad+-po/s 7 on ,manhattan ,isl&1 & ne> ! site ( ,albany4 ,9 #afad "s ( ! lead+ trad]s obta9$ f ! ,dut* gov]nm5t ! sole "r to trade betwe5 ,new ,france & ,virg9ia4 ,!y call$ ?is region ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,dut* ,we/ ,india ,company1 #afba4 ,higg9son1 #ij-if2 ,explor]s1 #cjc-cjg2 ,s\rce-book1 #db-dd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! patroons1 #afbh4 #fj4 ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,new ,ne!rl&4--,9 #afba ! ,dut* ,we/ ,india ,company 0 f\nd$4 ,its fir/ object 0 trade1 b x also 0 direct$ to advance ! peopl+ ( ! ,am]ican l&s claim$ by ! ,dut*4 ,coloni/s n[ came ov]2 !y settl$ at ,new ,am/]dam1 on ! s\!rn end ( ,manhattan ,isl&1 & also on ! we/]n end ( ,long ,isl&4 ,by #afbh !re 7 f\r hundr$ coloni/s 9 ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,b ! colony did n gr[ rapidly1 s ! ,company tri$ to int]e/ ri* m5 9 ! s*eme ( colonization1 by giv+ !m l>ge tracts ( l& & l>ge p[]s ( gov]nm5t4 ,^! great l& own]s 7 call$ patroons4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 n v successful4 ,inde$1 ! :ole plan 0 giv5 up be=e long1 & l& 0 giv5 to any "o :o w\ld come out & settle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dut* ,,colony ,,( ,,new ,,am/]dam4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nor ,kieft4 ,sid5ote3 ,kieft ord]s ! ,indians to be kill$4 ,sid5ote3 ,results ( ! massacre4 #fa4 ,kieft & ! ,indians1 #afdc-dd4--,! wor/ ( ! e>ly ,dut* gov]nors 0 ,william ,kieft 7,keeft74 ,he 0 a bankrupt & a ?ief1 :o 0 s5t to ,new ,ne!rl& 9 ! hope t he w\ld re=m4 ,at fir/ he did well & put a /op to ! smuggl+ & *eat+ :i* 7 common 9 ! colony4 ,emigrants came ov] 9 l>ge numb]s1 & ev]y?+ seem$ to be go+ on well :5 ,kieft's brutality br\ght on an ,indian w> t ne>ly de/roy$ ! colony4 ,! ,indians liv+ ne> ,new ,am/]dam s\ght %elt] f ! ,iroquois on ! ma9l& opposite ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,kieft ?\ght x w\ld be a gr& ?+ to kill all ^! ,indian neighbors :ile !y 7 collect$ toge!r4 ,he s5t a p>ty ( soldi]s across ! riv] & kill$ _m ( !m4 ,! result 0 a fi]ce w> ) all ! neighbor+ tribes4 ,! ,dut* coloni/s 7 driv5 f _! f>ms4 ,ev5 ,new ,am/]dam ) its /ockade 0 n safe4 ,= ! ,indians sometimes came )9 ! /ockade & kill$ ! p 9 ! t[n4 ,:5 !re 7 less ?an two hundr$ p left 9 ,new ,am/]dam1 ,kieft 0 recall$1 & ,pet] ,/uyvesant 0 s5t z gov]nor 9 8 /ead4 ,sid5ote3 ,pet] ,/uyvesant4 ,higg9son1 #ig4 #fb4 ,/uyvesant's ,rule4--,/uyvesant 0 a hot-temp]$1 en]getic soldi] :o _h lo/ a leg 9 ! ,company's s]vice4 ,he rul$ ,new ,ne!rl& = a long "t1 f #afdg to #affd4 ,& he rul$ s /]nly t ! coloni/s 7 glad :5 ! ,engli% came & conqu]$ !m4 ,?is unpopul>ity 0 n entirely ,/uyvesant's fault4 ,! ,dut* ,we/ ,india ,company 0 a failure4 ,x _h no money to sp5d = ! def5ce ( ! coloni/s1 & ,/uyvesant 0 oblig$ to lay heavy taxes on ! p4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sw$es on ! ,delaw>e4 ,higg9son1 #ajf-ajh4 ,sid5ote3 ,/uyvesant conqu]s !m4 #fc4 ,new ,sw$54--,:5 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,engli%1 & ! ,dut* 7 f\nd+ colonies 9 ,am]ica1 ! ,sw$es also ?\ght t !y might z well h a colony !re too4 ,!y _h no claim to any l& 9 ,am]ica4 ,b ,sw$i% armies 7 fight+ ! ,dut*m5's battles 9 ,europe4 ,s ! ,sw$es s5t out a colony to settle on l&s claim$ by ! ,dut*4 ,z long z ! ,european w> w5t on1 ! ,sw$es 7 n int]f]$ )4 ,b :5 ! ,european w> came to an end1 ,/uyvesant 0 told to conqu] !m4 ,?is he did )\t mu* tr\ble1 z he _h ab\t z _m soldi]s z !re 7 ,sw$i% coloni/s4 ,9 ?is way ,new ,sw$5 became a "p ( ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*esapeake ,colonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,engl& ,colonies4 #fd4 ,summ>y4--,we h se5 h[ ! ,fr5*1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,sw$i%1 & ! ,engli% colonies 7 e/abli%$ on ! ,atlantic sea%ore & 9 ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce valley4 ,s\? ( ^! settlem5ts !re 0 ! e>li] ,spani% colony at ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,! ,spani% coloni/s 7 v few 9 numb]1 b !y gave ,spa9 a claim to ,florida4 ,! ,sw$i% colony _h be5 absorb$ by ! /rong] ,dut* colony4 ,we h also se5 h[ v unlike 7 ! two ,engli% gr\ps ( colonies4 ,!y 7 bo? settl$ by ,engli%m51 b !re ! lik5ess /ops4 ,= ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& 7 slave colonies4 ,!y produc$ l>ge crops ( tobacco4 ,! ,new ,engl& coloni/s on ! o!r h& 7 practically all free4 ,!y liv$ 9 t[ns & engag$ 9 all k9ds ( indu/ries4 ,9 ! next hundr$ ye>s we %all see h[ ! ,engli% conqu]$ fir/ ! ,dut* & !n ! ,fr5*2 h[ !y plant$ colonies f> to ! s\? ( ,virg9ia & 9 ^! ways occupi$ ! :ole coa/ nor? ( ,florida4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #d #bf1 #bg4--;a4 ,m>k on a map all ! places m5tion$ 9 ^! sections4 b4 ,describe ,*ampla9's attacks on ! ,iroquois4 #bh-cj4--;a4 ,comp>e ! reasons = ! com+ ( ! ,fr5* & ! ,spani>ds4 b4 ,:at "w did ! ,jesuits d = ! ,indians8 c4 ,expla9 c>efully :y ! ho/ility ( ! ,iroquois to ! ,fr5* 0 s important4 ,,*apt] #e #ca1 #cb4--;a4 ,give two reasons = ! revival ( ,engli% colonial ent]prises4 b4 ,describe ! voyage & e>ly exp]i5ces ( ! ,virg9ia coloni/s4 c4 ,give ?ree reasons = ! suff]+s ( ! ,virg9ia coloni/s4 #cc-ce4--;a4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,sir ,?omas ,dale8 b4 ,to :at 0 ! prosp]ity ( ,virg9ia due8 ,:y8 c4 ,:at classes ( p 7 !re 9 ,virg9ia8 #cf-ch4--;a4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,puritan 7see #dc78 ,:y is ,sir ,edw9 ,s&ys reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( free gov]nm5t 9 ! ,engli% colonies8 b4 ,describe ! laws ( ,virg9ia z to ,roman ,ca?olics & ,puritans4 #ci-da4--;a4 ,describe ,"l ,baltimore's treatm5t ( 8 settl]s4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! wisdom ( 8 actions8 b4 ,h[ 7 ,roman ,ca?olics treat$ 9 ,engl&8 c4 ,:at is meant by tol]ation8 ,:o w\ld be exclud$ by ! ,m>yl& ,tol]ation ,act8 d4 ,describe ! lik5esses & ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&4 ,,*apt] #f #db-dg4--;a4 ,describe ! voyage ( ! ,mayfl[]4 b4 ,:at 0 ! object ( ! ,mayfl[] ,compact8 c4 ,describe ! ,pilgrims' se>* = a place ( settlem5t4 d4 ,read ,brad=d's acc\nt ( ! fir/ w9t] at ,plym\?4 e4 ,:at did ,squanto d = ! ,pilgrims8 #dh-ej4--;a4 ,:at advantages did ! f\nd]s ( ,massa*usetts h ov] ^? ( ,new ,plym\?8 b4 ,look up ! hi/ory ( ,engl&1 #afcj-dj1 & say :y s _m coloni/s came to ,new ,engl& 9 ^? ye>s4 c4 ,on :at matt]s did ,rog] ,williams disagree ) ! rul]s ( ,massa*usetts8 d4 ,h[ are ,williams's ideas z to religi\s fre$om reg>d$ n[8 e4 ,:y 0 ,mrs4 ,hut*9son expell$ f ,massa*usetts8 #ea-ed4--;a4 ,h[ did ! ,pequod ,w> affect ! coloni/s on ! ,connecticut8 b4 ,:at is a con/itution8 ,:y did ! ,connecticut p feel ! ne$ ( "o8 ,:y is ! ,connecticut con/itution fam\s8 c4 ,:y did ! ,new ,hav5 settl]s f\nd a sep>ate colony8 #ee1 #ef4--;a4 ,:at two p>ties 7 fight+ 9 ,engl&8 b4 ,give all ! reasons = ! =mation ( ! ,new ,engl& ,conf$]ation4 ,:at 7 ! effects ( ?is union8 c4 ,comp>e ! indu/ries ( ,new ,engl& ) ^? ( ,virg9ia4 ,,*apt] #g #eg-ei4--;a4 ,:y did ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india ,company wi% a nor!rn r\te to ,india8 b4 ,describe ,hudson's & ,*ampla9's exp$itions1 & comp>e _! treatm5t ( ! ,iroquois4 c4 ,:at attract$ ! ,dut* to ! region discov]$ by ,hudson8 #fj-fb4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! object ( ! ,dut* ,we/ ,india ,company8 ,:at privileges did ! patroons h8 b4 ,describe ! c>e] ( ,kieft4 ,:at 7 ! results ( 8 treatm5t ( ! ,indians8 c4 ,:at k9d ( a gov]nor 0 ,/uyvesant8 ,:y 0 he unpopul>8 #fc4--;a4 ,9 :at ,european w> 7 ! ,sw$es & ! ,dut* engag$8 b4 ,on :at l& did ! ,sw$es settle8 c4 ,describe h[ ,new ,sw$5 0 jo9$ to ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,m>k on a map 9 colors ! l&s settl$ by ! diff]5t ,european nations4 b4 ,note ! position ( ! ,dut* ) ref]5ce to ! ,engli%1 & expla9 ! importance ( su* position4 c4 ,give "o fact ab\t ea* ( ! colonies1 & /ate :y y ?9k x important4 d4 ,give "o fact :i* especially int]e/s y 9 connection ) ea* colony1 & expla9 y\r int]e/4 e4 ,9 :i* colony w\ld y h lik$ to live1 & :y8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,*ampla9's place 9 ,am]ican hi/ory 7,p>kman's ,pione]s74 b4 ,! ,fir/ ,am]ican ,legislature & its "w 7,h>t's ,contempor>ies1 ,i41 ,no4 #fe74 c4 ,:y did ! ,pilgrims come to ,am]ica8 7,brad=d's ,plym\?74 d4 ,arrange a table ( ! sev]al settlem5ts simil> to t describ$ on page #ah4 e4 ,write a composition on life 9 e>ly colonial days 7,eggle/on's ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ia-aac74 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,9 treat+ ?is *apt] aim to make cle> ! reasons = & conditions ( ! settlem5t ( ea* colony4 ,vividness c be/ be obta9$ by a /udy ( ! writ+s ( ! "t1 especially ( ,brad=d's ,hi/ory ( ,plym\?4 ,use pictures 9 e possible way & mold+ bo>d z well4 ,emphasize ! lack ( true lib]ty ( ?\ght1 & lead ! *ildr5 to und]/& t p]secution 0 a *>act]i/ic ( ! "t & n a fail+ ( any p>ticul> colony or set ( coloni/s4 ,,iii ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,colonial ,,hi/ory1 #affj-agfj ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,fiske's ,unit$ ,/ates = ,s*ools #acc-ahj2 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 #ic-ajh 7life 9 #agfc72 ,s\rce-,book1 *4 vii2 ,fi%]'s ,colonial ,era2 ,e>le's ,*ild ,life4 ,home ,read+s4--,p>kman's ,montcalm & ,wolfe2 ,frankl9's ,autobiography2 ,brooks's ,9 ,leisl]'s ,times2 ,c(f9's ,old ,times 9 ! ,colonies2 ,coop]'s ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans2 ,scudd]'s ,m5 & ,mann]s ,"o ,hundr$ ,ye>s ,ago4 ,,*apt] #h ,,! ,,colonies ,,"u ,,*>les ,,ii ,sid5ote3 ,! ,puritan 9 ,engl&4 ,higg9son & ,*ann+1 ,engli% ,hi/ory = ,am]icans1 #ahb-aie4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,colonies1 #afdi-fj4 #fe4 ,! ,puritans & ! ,coloni/s1 #afdi-fj4--;,9 #afdi ,*>les ,i 0 execut$1 & = elev5 ye>s ! ,puritans 7 supreme 9 ,engl&4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! ,new ,engl& coloni/s gov]n$ !mselves1 & paid little he$ to ! wi%es & ord]s ( ,engl&'s rul]s4 ,aft] "s hesitation1 ! ,virg9ians accept$ ! au?ority ( ,cromwell & ! ,puritans4 ,9 return !y 7 all[$ to gov]n !mselves4 ,9 ,m>yl& ! ,puritans ov]turn$ ,baltimore's gov]nor & rul$ ! prov9ce = "s ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,re/oration1 #affj4 ,engli% ,hi/ory = ,am]icans1 #aif4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,navigation ,laws4 #ff4 ,colonial ,policy ( ,*>les ,,ii4--,9 #affj ,*>les ,,ii became k+ ( ,engl& or 0 re/or$ to ! ?rone1 z p said at ! "t4 ,almo/ at once !re 0 a great revival ( int]e/ 9 colonization1 & ! new gov]nm5t int]f]$ vigor\sly 9 colonial affairs4 ,9 #afea ! ,puritans _h begun ! sy/em ( giv+ ! ,engli% trade only to ,engli% m]*ants & %ip[n]s4 ,?is sy/em 0 n[ ext5d$1 & ! m important colonial products c\ld be c>ri$ only to ,engli% ports4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>les ,,ii & ,massa*usetts4 ,sid5ote3 ,massa*usetts & ! ,quak]s4 ,higg9son1 #hj-ha4 #fg4 ,attacks on ,massa*usetts4--,! new gov]nm5t 0 especially displeas$ by ! indep5d5t _s %[n by ,massa*usetts4 ,only good ,puritans c\ld vote 9 t colony1 & memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& c\ld n ev5 wor%ip z !y wi%$4 ,! ,massa*usetts p paid no he$ :atev] to ! navigation laws & ass]t$ t acts ( ,p>liam5t _h no =ce 9 ! colony4 ,x *anc$ t at ?is "t ,massa*usetts _h plac$ h]self cle>ly 9 ! wrong by hang+ f\r p]sons = no o!r reason ?an t !y 7 ,quak]s4 ,! ,engli% gov]nm5t ?\ght t n[ ! "t _h come to ass]t its p[]4 ,x ord]$ ! ,massa*usetts rul]s to s5d o!r ,quak]s to ,engl& = trial4 ,b1 :5 ?is ord] rea*$ ,massa*usetts1 !re 7 no ,quak]s 9 prison await+ trial1 & none 7 ev] s5t to ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>t]s ( ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl&1 #affb-fc4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,hav5 absorb$ by ,connecticut4 #fh4 ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl&4--,:ile ! ,engli% gov]nm5t 0 attack+ ,massa*usetts x 0 giv+ mo/ lib]al *>t]s to ,connecticut & to ,rhode ,isl&4 ,inde$1 ^! *>t]s 7 s lib]al t !y rema9$ ! con/itutions ( ! /ates ( ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl& until long aft] ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! ,connecticut *>t] includ$ ,new ,hav5 )9 ! limits ( ! l>g] colony & ?us put an end to ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ,new ,hav54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,olde/ ,,*ur* ,,s\? ,,( ,,! ,,potomac4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,engli% conque/ ( ,new ,ne!rl&1 #affd4 ,higg9son4 #ig-ih4 #fi4 ,conque/ ( ,new ,ne!rl&1 #affd4--,! ,engli% gov]nm5t n[ det]m9$ to conqu] ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,an ,engli% fleet sail$ to ,new ,am/]dam4 ,/uyvesant ?ump$ up & d[n on 8 wood5 leg4 ,b he 0 almo/ ! only man 9 ,new ,am/]dam :o want$ to fight4 ,he soon surr5d]$1 & ,new ,ne!rl& became an ,engli% colony4 ,! ,dut* lat] recaptur$ x & held x = a "t2 b 9 #afgd !y f9ally h&$ x ov] to ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,ne!rl& giv5 to ! ,duke ( ,york & ,albany4 #gj4 ,new ,york4--,ev5 be=e ! colony 0 seiz$ 9 #affd1 ,*>les ,,ii gave x away to 8 bro!r ,james1 ,duke ( ,york & ,albany1 :o aft]w>d became k+ z ,james ,,ii4 ,! "n ( ,new ,ne!rl& 0 !re=e *ang$ to ,new ,york1 & ! pr9cipal t[ns 7 also nam$ 9 8 honor1 ,new ,york & ,albany4 ,little else 0 *ang$ 9 ! colony4 ,! ,dut* 7 all[$ to live v ne>ly z !y _h liv$ be=e1 & soon became ev5 happi] & m cont5t$ ?an !y _h be5 "u ,dut* rule4 ,_m ,engli% settl]s n[ came 94 ,! colony became ri* & prosp]\s1 b ! p _h little to d ) _! own gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ,new ,j]sey1 #affd4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,new ,j]sey4 #ga4 ,new ,j]sey4--,no soon] _h ,james receiv$ ,new ,ne!rl& f 8 bro!r ?an he ha/5$ to give "s ( ! be/ portions ( x to two fai?ful fri5ds1 ,sir ,george ,c>t]et & ,"l ,b]keley4 ,_! t]ritory ext5d$ f ,new ,york h>bor to ! ,delaw>e ,riv]1 & 0 nam$ ,new ,j]sey 9 honor ( ,c>t]et's def5se ( ! isl& ( ,j]sey aga9/ ! ,puritans4 ,coloni/s at once began com+ to ! new prov9ce & settl$ at ,elizabe?t[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,ea/ & ,we/ ,j]sey4 ,sid5ote3 ,prosp]ity4 #gb4 ,lat] ,new ,j]sey4--,soon ,new ,j]sey 0 divid$ into two p>ts1 ,ea/ ,j]sey & ,we/ ,j]sey4 ,we/ ,j]sey belong$ to ,"l ,b]keley & he sold x to ! ,quak]s4 ,n v _m ye>s lat] ! ,quak]s also b\ght ,ea/ ,j]sey4 ,! ,new ,j]sey coloni/s 7 always gett+ into disputes ) "o ano!r1 s !y ask$ ,que5 ,anne to take *>ge ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! prov9ce4 ,?is %e did by tell+ ! gov]nor ( ,new ,york to gov]n ,new ,j]sey also4 ,?is 0 n :at ! ,j]sey p _h expect$4 ,b !y _h _! own legislature4 ,9 "t also !y secur$ a gov]nor all to !mselves & became a royal prov9ce entirely sep>ate f ,new ,york4 ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york protect$ ! ,j]sey p f ! ,fr5* & ! ,indians1 & provid$ m>kets = ! products ( ! ,j]sey f>ms4 ,! coloni/s 7 indu/ri\s & _! soil 0 f]tile4 ,!y 7 v religi\s & paid great att5tion to education4 ,new ,j]sey became v prosp]\s & s cont9u$ until ! ,revolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,c>ol9a1 #affc4 ,higg9son1 #abd-abg4 #gc4 ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,c>ol9a4--,! plant+ ( ,new ,j]sey 0 n ! only colonial v5ture ( ,c>t]et & ,b]keley4 ,) ,"l ,*ancellor ,cl>5don & o!r noblem5 !y obta9$ f ,*>les l& 9 s\!rn ,virg9ia ext5d+ s\?w>d into ,spani% ,florida4 ,?is great t]ritory 0 nam$ ,c>ol9a4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor!rn ,c>ol9a4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn ,c>ol9a4 #gd4 ,! ,c>ol9a ,coloni/s4--,9 #affc1 :5 ! ,c>ol9a *>t] 0 grant$1 !re 7 a few settl]s liv+ 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! colony4 ,o!r coloni/s came f outside ma9ly f ! ,b>badoes & settl$ on ! ,cape ,fe> ,riv]4 ,9 ?is way 0 =m$ a colony 9 nor!rn ,c>ol9a4 ,b ! mo/ important settlem5t 0 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! prov9ce at ,*>le/on4 ,s\!rn ,c>ol9a at once became prosp]\s4 ,?is 0 due to ! fact t ! soil & climate ( t region 7 well suit$ to ! cultivation ( rice4 ,! rice swamps br\ght ri*es to ! plant]s1 !y also compell$ ! employm5t ( l>ge numb]s ( negro slaves4 ,be=e long1 inde$1 !re 7 m negroes ?an :ites 9 s\!rn ,c>ol9a4 ,9 ?is way !re grew up two di/9ct c5t]s ( colonial life 9 ! prov9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,s\!rn ,c>ol9a4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,bacon's ,rebellion1 #afgf4 #ge4 ,bacon's ,rebellion1 #afgf4--;,by ?is "t ! ,virg9ians _h become v discont5t$4 ,!re _h be5 no election to ! colonial assembly s9ce #affj & ,gov]nor ,b]keley 0 v tyrannical4 ,! ,virg9ians also want$ m *ur*es & m s*ools4 ,to add to ^! causes ( discont5t ! ,indians n[ attack$ ! settl]s1 & ,b]keley seem$ to take v little int]e/ 9 protect+ ! ,virg9ians4 ,l$ by ,na?aniel ,bacon ! coloni/s m>*$ to ,jame/[n & dem&$ au?ority to g aga9/ ! ,indians4 ,b]keley gave ,bacon a commission4 ,b1 z soon z ,bacon left ,jame/[n on 8 exp$ition1 ,b]keley decl>$ t he 0 a rebel4 ,bacon return$1 & ,b]keley fl$4 ,bacon m>*$ aga9/ ! ,indians aga91 & ,b]keley came back1 & s ! rebellion w5t on until ,bacon di$4 ,b]keley !n captur$ ! o!r lead]s "o aft] ano!r & hang$ !m4 ,b :5 he return$ to ,engl&1 ,*>les ,,ii turn$ 8 back to him1 say+1 ,! old fool has kill$ m m5 9 ,virg9ia ?an ,i = ! murd] ( my fa!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h\se ,,9 ,,:i* ,,na?aniel ,,bacon ,,di$4 ,f an orig9al sket*4 ,sid5ote3 ,gre$y ,gov]nors4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\nd+ ( ,william & ,m>y ,college1 #afia4 #gf4 ,virg9ia aft] ,bacon's ,rebellion4--,! ,virg9ians 7 n[ h&$ ov] to a set ( gre$y gov]nors4 ,"s ( !m came to ,am]ica to make _! =tunes4 ,b "s ( !m 7 gov]nors :om ! p ( o!r colonies w\ld n h4 ,! only ev5t ( importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! colony dur+ ! next tw5ty-five ye>s 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,william & ,m>y ,college 7#afia7 at ,williamsburg4 ,x 0 ! second olde/ college 9 ! ,engli% colonies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,op5+ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,*>t] ,,%[+ ,,ornam5tal ,,bord] ,,& ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,philip's ,w>1 #afge-gf4 ,higg9son1 #acg-ach2 ,eggle/on1 #ha-hi4 #gg4 ,k+ ,philip's ,w>1 #afge-gf4--;,x 0 n only 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& t ! ,indians 7 re/less at ?is "t4 ,9 ,new ,engl& also !y attack$ ! :ites4 ,!y 7 l$ by ,massasoit's son1 ,k+ ,philip1 an able & f>-see+ man4 ,he saw ) dismay h[ rapidly ! :ites 7 driv+ ! ,indians away f _! hunt+-gr\nds4 ,! ,indians burn$ ! ,engli% villages on ! fronti] & kill$ hundr$s ( ! settl]s4 ,! /ronge/ *ief to jo9 ,philip 0 ,canon*et ( ! ,n>ragansetts4 ,! colonial soldi]s /orm$ 8 =t & kill$ a ?\s& ,indian w>riors4 ,be=e long ,k+ ,philip himself 0 kill$1 & ! w> sl[ly came to an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,william ,p5n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,*>t]1 #afha4 #gh4 ,william ,p5n4--,among ! greate/ ,engli%m5 ( t "t 0 ,william ,p5n4 ,he 0 a ,quak] & 0 also a fri5d ( ,*>les ,,ii & ,james1 ,duke ( ,york4 ,he wi%$ to f\nd a colony 9 :i* he & ! ,quak]s c\ld "w out _! ideas 9 religi\s & civil matt]s4 ,x *anc$ t ,*>les ow$ ,p5n a l>ge sum ( money4 ,z ,*>les seldom _h any money1 he 0 v glad to give ,p5n in/ead a l>ge tract ( l& 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is way ,p5n obta9$ ,p5nsylvania4 ,james1 = 8 "p1 gave him ,delaw>e4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,p5nsylvania1 #afhb4 ,higg9son1 #aja-aje2 ,eggle/on1 #eg-fj2 ,s\rce-,book1 #fg-fi4 #gi4 ,f\nd+ ( ,p5nsylvania1 #afhb4--,william ,p5n _h a great reputation = hone/y & fair deal+ among ! ,engli% ,quak]s & among ! ,quak]s on ! cont95t ( ,europe z well4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n t he 0 to f\nd a colony1 great numb]s ( p]sons came to ,p5nsylvania f ,engl& & f ,g]many4 ,9 a v %ort "t ! colony became /rong & prosp]\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! soil ( ,p5nsylvania 0 ri* & productive :ile its climate 0 well suit$ to ! gr[? ( gra94 ,9 ! second place1 ,p5n 0 v lib]al to 8 coloni/s4 ,he gave !m a l>ge %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! prov9ce & he all[$ no religi\s p]secution4 ,he also insi/$ on fair & hone/ deal+ ) ! ,indians4 ,sid5ote3 ,mason & ,dixon's l9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,its importance 9 hi/ory4 #hj4 ,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e4--,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! geography ( ,am]ica 0 v little und]/ood 9 ,europe--& ! p]sons :o drew up colonial *>t]s und]/ood x lea/ ( all4 ,*>t] l9es frequ5tly ov]lapp$ & 7 (t5 v indi/9ct4 ,?is 0 p>ticul>ly true ( ! ,m>yl& & ,p5nsylvania b\nd>ies4 ,p5n & ,baltimore tri$ to come to an agreem5t2 b !y nev] c\ld agree4 ,ye>s aft]w>d1 :5 !y 7 bo? dead1 _! heirs agre$ to h a l9e drawn )\t mu* reg>d to ! *>t]s4 ,?is l9e 0 f9ally survey$ by two ,engli% eng9e]s1 ,mason & ,dixon1 & is always call$ aft] _! names4 ,x is ! pres5t b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ,p5nsylvania & ,m>yl&4 ,9 colonial days x sep>at$ ! colonies :]e slav]y 0 ! rule f ^? :]e labor 0 g5]ally free4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury x sep>at$ ! free /ates f ! slave /ates4 ,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 !re=e1 has be5 a fam\s l9e 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] #i ,,colonial ,,developm5t1 #afhh-agfj ,sid5ote3 ,new policy ( ! ,/u>ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,reasons = ! new policy4 #ha4 ,! ,/u>t ,tyranny4--,in/ead ( admir+ ! gr[? ( ! colonies 9 /r5g? & 9 lib]ty1 ,*>les & ,james saw x ) dismay4 ,! colonies 7 becom+ too /rong & too free4 ,!y det]m9$ to r$uce all ! colonies to royal prov9ces1 l ,virg9ia--) ! exception ( ,p5nsylvania :i* belong$ to _! fri5d1 ,william ,p5n4 ,!re 0 a good deal to be said 9 favor ( ?is plan1 = ! coloni/s 7 s jeal\s ( ea* o!r t !y w\ld n unite aga9/ ! ,fr5* or ! ,indians4 ,if ! gov]nm5ts 7 all 9 ! h&s ( ! k+1 ! :ole /r5g? ( ! ,briti% colonies c\ld be us$ aga9/ any enemy ( ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,end ( ! ,massa*usetts ,company1 #afhd4 ,sid5ote3 ,gov]nor ,&ros ( ,new ,engl&1 #afhh4 #hb4 ,! ,/u>t ,tyranny 9 ,new ,engl&4--,! ,massa*usetts *>t] 0 n[ tak5 away1 & ,sir ,edmund ,&ros 0 s5t ov] to gov]n ! colony4 ,he 0 ord]$ to make laws & to tax ! p )\t ask+ _! cons5t4 ,he did z he 0 ord]$ to d4 ,he set up ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,he tax$ ! p4 ,he ev5 took _! l&s f !m1 on ! gr\nd t ! grants f ! old ,massa*usetts gov]nm5t 7 ( no value4 ,:5 "o man po9t$ to ! magi/rates' signatures to 8 grant1 ,&ros told him t _! names 7 wor? no m ?an a scrat* ) a be>'s paw4 ,he also en=c$ ! navigation laws & took possession ( ,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,new ,plym\?4 ,at ! same "t he 0 also gov]nor ( ,new ,hamp%ire & ( ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,proclamation ,,( #afij ,,=bidd+ ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,newspap]s ,,)\t ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,flight ( ,james ,,ii4 ,sid5ote3 ,rebellion aga9/ ,&ros1 #afhi4 #hc4 ,! ,glori\s ,revolution 9 ,am]ica1 #afhi4--;,by ?is "t ,*>les 0 dead1 & ,james 0 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,! ,engli% p did n l ,james any bett] ?an ! ,new ,engl&]s lik$ ,&ros4 ,9 #afhh !y rebell$ & made ,william ( ,orange & 8 wife ,m>y1 ,james's elde/ daught]1 ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,on _! "p1 ! ,massa*usetts coloni/s seiz$ ,&ros & 8 foll[]s & %ut !m up 9 prison 7,april #ah1 #afhi74 ,! p ( ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl& turn$ out ,&ros's ag5ts & set up _! old gov]nm5ts4 ,9 ,new ,york also ,&ros's deputy gov]nor 0 expell$1 & ! p took control ( affairs until ! k+ & que5 %\ld s5d out a gov]nor4 ,inde$1 all ! colonies1 except ,m>yl&1 decl>$ = ,william & ,m>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,policy ( ,william & ,m>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,massa*usetts ,prov9ce *>t]1 #afia4 #hd4 ,! ,new ,arrangem5ts4--,= a ye> or two ,william 0 v busy 9 ,irel& & on ! cont95t4 ,at l5g? he _h "t to att5d to colonial affairs4 ,he appo9t$ royal gov]nors = bo? ,p5nsylvania & ,m>yl&4 ,william ,p5n soon _h 8 colony giv5 back to him2 b ! ,baltimores _h to wait _m ye>s be=e !y recov]$ ,m>yl&4 ,9 ,new ,york !re 0 a dreadful trag$y4 ,= ! new gov]nor1 ,slaught]1 0 p]suad$ to ord] ! execution ( ! lead]s 9 ! ris+ aga9/ ,&ros4 ,massa*usetts did n get h] old *>t] back1 b %e got ano!r *>t]4 ,?is provid$ t ! k+ %\ld appo9t ! gov]nor1 b ! p %\ld elect a ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,! mo/ important result ( ?is new arrangem5t 0 a s]ies ( disputes betwe5 ! k+'s gov]nor & ! p's repres5tatives4 ,ma9e & ,new ,plym\? 7 includ$ 9 ,massa*usetts "u ! new *>t]4 ,b ,new ,hamp%ire rema9$ a royal prov9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,prosp]ity ( ! colonies1 #agjj-fj4 #he4 ,! ,colonies1 #agjj-fj4--;,dur+ ^! ye>s immigrants ?rong$ to ,am]ica1 & ! colonies became con/antly /rong]4 ,comm]ce ev]y:]e develop$1 & _m manufactures 7 e/abli%$4 ,?r\gh\t ! colonies ! p ev]y:]e ga9$ p[]1 & _h x n be5 = ! ,fr5* & ,indian w>s !y w\ld h be5 happy4 ,aside f ^! w>s ! mo/ important ev5ts ( ^! ye>s 7 ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,c>ol9a proprietors & ! f\nd+ ( ,georgia4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>ol9a ,rice ,fields4 ,sid5ote3 ,bad gov]nm5t ( ! ,c>ol9a proprietors4 ,sid5ote3 ,rebellion 9 ,c>ol9a1 #agai4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 #hf4 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4--,! ,c>ol9a proprietors & _! coloni/s _h nev] got on well toge!r4 ,!y n[ got on worse ?an ev]4 ,! great] "p ( ! coloni/s 7 n memb]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*2 b ! proprietors tri$ to take away ! "r to vote f all p]sons :o 7 n ( t fai?4 ,!y also int]f]$ 9 elections1 & tri$ to prev5t ! =mation ( a true repres5tative assembly4 ,!y c\ld n protect ! p aga9/ ! pirates :o blockad$ ,*>le/on = weeks at a "t4 ,9 #agai ! p ( ,*>le/on rebell$4 ,! k+ !n int]f]$1 & appo9t$ a royal gov]nor4 ,lat] he b\ght out ! rights ( ! proprietors4 ,9 ?is way ,c>ol9a became a royal prov9ce4 ,x 0 soon divid$ into two prov9ces1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,b !re _h always be5 two sep>ate colonies 9 ,c>ol9a 7p4 #eb74 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,ogle?orpe4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant ( ,georgia1 #agcb4 #hg4 ,f\nd+ ( ,georgia1 #agcb4--;,9 ^? days x 0 ! cu/om 9 ,engl& to s5d p]sons :o c\ld n pay _! debts to prison4 ,( c\rse _m ( ^! poor debtors 7 really indu/ri\s p]sons :om mis=tune or sickness _h driv5 into debt4 ,g5]al ,ogle?orpe1 a memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 look$ into ! prison managem5t4 ,he 0 greatly affect$ by ! sad fate ( ^! poor debtors1 & det]m9$ to d some?+ = !m4 ,) a numb] ( *>itable p]sons he obta9$ a "p ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a = a colony1 & nam$ x ,georgia = ,george ,,ii1 :o gave ! l&4 ,p>liam5t also gave money4 ,= ! gov]nm5t ?\ght x v desirable to h a colony betwe5 ! ri* plantations ( ,c>ol9a & ! ,spani% settlem5ts 9 ,florida4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ,georgia1 #agcc4 ,higg9son1 #abg-acj2 ,eggle/on1 #fb-fe2 ,s\rce-,book1 #ga-gc4 ,sid5ote3 ,progress ( ! colony4 #hh4 ,georgia1 #agcc-eb4--,naturally ,ogle?orpe _h no difficulty 9 gett+ coloni/s4 ,= ! poor debtors & o!r oppress$ p]sons 7 v glad to h a new />t 9 life4 ,savannah 0 f\nd$ 9 #agcc4 ,! ,spani>ds1 h[ev]1 7 n at all glad to h an ,engli% colony plant$ s ne> ,florida4 ,!y attack$ ! ,georgians1 & ,ogle?orpe sp5t ye>s 9 fight+ !m4 ,! ,georgia coloni/s f\nd x v difficult to compete ) ! ,c>ol9a plant]s4 ,= ! ,c>ol9ians _h slaves to "w = !m1 & ! proprietors ( ,georgia w\ld n let ! ,georgians own slaves4 ,f9ally !y gave way & p]mitt$ ! coloni/s to own slaves4 ,b ?is s di%e>t5$ ! ,georgia proprietors t !y gave up ! ent]prise & h&$ ! colony ov] to ! k+4 ,9 ?is way ,georgia became a royal prov9ce4 ,,*apt] #aj ,,expulsion ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,sid5ote3 ,l\is ( ,france & ,william ( ,orange4 #hi4 ,causes ( ! ,fr5* ,w>s4--,at ! "t ( ! ,glori\s ,revolution 7p4 #eh7 ,james ,,ii f\nd refuge ) ,l\is ,,xiv1 ,k+ ( ,france4 ,william & ,l\is _h already be5 fight+1 & x 0 easy en\gh to see t if ,william became ,k+ ( ,engl& he w\ld be v mu* m p[]ful ?an he 0 :5 he 0 only ,pr9ce ( ,orange4 ,s ,l\is took up ! cause ( ,james & made w> on ! ,engli% & ! ,dut*4 ,! conflict soon spread across ! ,atlantic4 ,sid5ote3 ,disadvantages ( ! ,engli% coloni/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,advantages ( ! ,fr5* coloni/s4 #ij4 ,/r5g? ( ! ,combatants4--,at fir/ sight x might seem z if ! ,engli% coloni/s 7 mu* /rong] ?an ! ,fr5* coloni/s4 ,!y greatly outnumb]$ ! ,fr5*4 ,!y 7 mu* m prosp]\s & well-to-d4 ,b _! settlem5ts 7 scatt]$ ov] a great ext5t ( seacoa/ f ! ,k5nebec to ! ,savannah4 ,_! gov]nm5ts 7 m or less free4 ,b ?is v fre$om weak5$ !m = w>4 ,! ,fr5* colonial gov]nm5t 0 a despotism direct$ f ,france4 ,:atev] res\rces ! ,fr5* _h 9 ,am]ica 7 c]ta9 to be well us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,g>rison ,,h\se ,,at ,,york1 ,,ma9e1 ,,built ,,9 #afgf4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,william's ,w>1 #afhi-ig4 ,eggle/on1 #abb-abc4 #ia4 ,k+ ,william's ,w>1 #afhi-ig4--,! ,iroquois began ?is w> by de/roy+ ,montreal4 ,! next w9t] ! ,fr5* invad$ ,new ,york4 ,!y captur$ ,s*5ectady & kill$ ne>ly all ! inhabitants4 ,o!r b&s de/roy$ ,new ,engl& t[ns & kill$ or drove away _! inhabitants4 ,! ,engli%1 on _! "p1 seiz$ ,port ,royal 9 ,acadia1 b !y fail$ 9 an attempt aga9/ ,quebec4 ,9 #afig ?is w> came to an end4 ,acadia 0 giv5 back to ! ,fr5*1 & no?+ 0 ga9$ by all ! blood%$ & suff]+4 ,sid5ote3 ,que5 ,anne's ,w>1 #agja-ac4 ,higg9son1 #adc-adg2 ,s\rce-,book1 #ih-ajj4 #ib4 ,que5 ,anne's ,w>1 #agja-ac4--;,9 #agja ! conflict began aga94 ,x la/$ = twelve ye>s1 until #agac4 ,x 0 9 ?is w> t ! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh won ! battle ( ,bl5heim & made = himself a great reputation4 ,9 ,am]ica ! ,fr5* & ,indians made long exp$itions to ,new ,engl&4 ,! ,engli% coloni/s aga9 attack$ ,quebec & aga9 fail$4 ,9 "o ?+1 h[ev]1 !y 7 successful4 ,!y aga9 seiz$ ,port ,royal4 ,?is "t ! ,engli% kept ,port ,royal & all ,acadia4 ,port ,royal !y call$ ,annapolis1 & ! "n ( ,acadia 0 *ang$ to ,nova ,scotia4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,george's ,w>1 #agdd-dh4 #ic4 ,k+ ,george's ,w>1 #agdd-dh4--;,f #agac until #agdd !re 0 no w> betwe5 ! ,engli% & ! ,fr5*4 ,b 9 #agdd fight+ began aga9 9 e>ne/4 ,! ,fr5* & ,indians attack$ ! ,new ,engl& fronti] t[ns & kill$ _m p4 ,b ! ,new ,engl&]s1 on _! "p1 won a great success4 ,aft] ! ,fr5* lo/ ,acadia !y built a /rong =tress on ! isl& ( ,cape ,breton4 ,to ?is !y gave ! "n ( ,l\isburg4 ,! ,new ,engl&]s fitt$ out a great exp$ition & captur$ ,l\isburg )\t mu* help f ! ,engli%4 ,b at ! close ( ! w> 7#agdh7 ! =tress 0 giv5 back to ! ,fr5*1 to ! disgu/ ( ! ,new ,engl&]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,la ,salle on ! ,mississippi1 #afha4 ,sid5ote3 ,mc,master1 #fb-fe2 ,s\rce-book1 #if-ih4 #id4 ,! ,fr5* 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley4--,! ,spani>ds _h discov]$ ! ,mississippi & _h explor$ its l[] valley4 ,b !y _h f\nd no gold !re & _h ab&on$ ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 left = ,fr5* explor]s m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s lat] to r$iscov] ! great riv] & to explore x f its upp] wat]s to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,! fir/ ,fr5*man to sail d[n ! riv] to its m\? 0 ,la ,salle4 ,9 #afha1 ) ?ree canoes1 he float$ d[n ! ,mississippi1 until he rea*$ a place :]e ! great riv] divid$ into ?ree l>ge bran*es4 ,he s5t "o canoe d[n ea* bran*4 ,return+1 !y all report$ t !y _h rea*$ ! op5 sea4 ,sid5ote3 ,la ,salle attempts to f\nd a colony4 ,mc,master1 #gi-hj4 ,sid5ote3 ,l\isiana settl$1 #afii4 #ie4 ,f\nd+ ( ,l\isiana4--,la ,salle nam$ ?is imm5se region ,l\isiana 9 honor ( ! ,fr5* k+4 ,he soon l$ an exp$ition to plant a colony on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi4 ,sail+ into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 he miss$ ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi & l&$ on ! coa/ ( ,texas4 ,mis=tune aft] mis=tune n[ fell on ! unhappy exp$ition4 ,la ,salle 0 murd]$1 ! /ores 7 de/roy$1 ! ,spani>ds & ,indians came & kill$ or captur$ ne>ly all ! coloni/s4 ,a few only ga9$ ! ,mississippi & made _! way to ,canada4 ,9 #afii1 ano!r ,fr5* exp$ition appe>$ 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,?is "t ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi 0 easily discov]$4 ,b ! coloni/s settl$ on ! %ores ( ,mobile ,bay4 ,x 0 n until #agah t ,new ,orleans 0 f\nd$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* on ! ,ohio1 #agdi4 ,mc,master1 #hb-hf4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,engli% ,ohio ,company1 #agej4 #if4 ,/ruggle = ! ,ohio ,valley4--,at ! close ( ,k+ ,george's ,w> ! ,fr5* set to "w to connect ! settlem5ts 9 ,l\isiana ) ^? on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,9 #agdi ,fr5* explor]s ga9$ ! ,alleghany ,riv] f ,lake ,erie & w5t d[n ! ,ohio z f> z ! ,miami4 ,! next ye> 7#agej7 ,k+ ,george gave a great tract ( l& on ! ,ohio ,riv] to an association ( ,virg9ians1 :o =m$ ! ,ohio ,company4 ,! /ruggle = ! ,ohio ,valley _h fairly begun4 ,gov]nor ,d9widdie ( ,virg9ia le>n$ t ! ,fr5* 7 build+ =ts on ! ,ohio1 & s5t !m a lett] prote/+ aga9/ _! s do+4 ,! be>] ( ?is lett] 0 ,george ,wa%+ton1 a "y ,virg9ia surveyor4 ,sid5ote3 ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,scudd]'s ,wa%+ton2 ,h]o ,tales #a-ae4 ,sid5ote3 ,he w>ns ! ,fr5* to leave ! ,ohio4 #ig4 ,george ,wa%+ton4--,( an old ,virg9ia family1 ,george ,wa%+ton grew up ) ! idea t he mu/ e>n 8 own liv+4 ,8 fa!r 0 a well-to-d plant]4 ,b ,augu/9e ,wa%+ton 0 ! elde/ son1 &1 z 0 ! cu/om !n 9 ,virg9ia1 he inh]it$ mo/ ( ! prop]ty4 ,augu/9e ,wa%+ton 0 v k9d to 8 y\ng] bro!r1 & gave him a good practical education z a l& surveyor4 ,! y\ng] man 0 a bold a?lete & fond ( /udy+ milit>y campaigns4 ,he 0 full ( c\rage1 indu/ri\s1 hone/1 & ( great common s5se4 ,be=e he 0 tw5ty he _h survey$ l>ge tracts ( wild]ness1 & _h done 8 "w well amid/ great difficulties4 ,:5 ,d9widdie want$ a mess5g] to take 8 lett] to ! ,fr5* comm&] on ! ,ohio1 ,george ,wa%+ton's employ] at once sugge/$ him z ! be/ p]son to s5d on ! dang]\s j\rney4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* build ,=t ,duquesne4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton's fir/ milit>y exp$ition1 #aged4 #ih4 ,=t ,duquesne4--,in/ead ( he$+ ,d9widdie's w>n+1 ! ,fr5* set to "w to build ,=t ,duquesne 7,d-kan'7 at ! spot :]e ! ,alleghany & ,monongahela jo9 to =m ! ,ohio1--on ! site ( ! pres5t city ( ,pittsburg4 ,d9widdie !re=e s5t ,wa%+ton ) a small =ce ( soldi]s to drive !m away4 ,b ! ,fr5* 7 too /rong = ,wa%+ton4 ,!y besieg$ him 9 ,=t ,necessity & compell$ him to surr5d] 7,july #d1 #aged74 ,illu/ration3 ,,braddock',s ,,campaign4 ,sid5ote3 ,braddock's exp$ition1 #agee4 ,higg9son1 #aeb-aed2 ,eggle/on1 #abi-aca2 ,s\rce-book1 #ajc-aje4 #ii4 ,braddock's ,defeat1 #agee4--,! ,engli% gov]nm5t n[ s5t ,g5]al ,braddock ) a small army ( regul> soldi]s to ,virg9ia4 ,sl[ly & pa9fully ,braddock m>*$ we/w>d4 ,le>n+ ( 8 approa*1 ! ,fr5* & ,indians left ,=t ,duquesne to draw him into ambu%4 ,b ! two =ces came toge!r be=e ei!r p>ty 0 prep>$ = battle4 ,= "s "t ! conte/ 0 ev51 !n ! regul>s broke & fl$4 ,braddock 0 fatally w\nd$4 ,) great skill1 ,wa%+ton sav$ ! survivors1--b n until f\r %ots _h pi]c$ 8 coat & only ?irty ( 8 ?ree companies ( ,virg9ians 7 left alive4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* & ,indian ,w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,william ,pitt1 w> m9i/]1 #ageg4 #ajj4 ,! ,w> to #agei4--;,all ! e>li] ,fr5* & ,indian w>s _h begun 9 ,europe & _h spread to ,am]ica4 ,?is w> began 9 ,am]ica & soon spread to ,europe4 ,at fir/ affairs w5t v ill4 ,b 9 #ageg ,william ,pitt became ! ,briti% w> m9i/]1 & ! w> began to be wag$ ) vigor & success4 ,! old g5]als 7 call$ home1 & new m5 plac$ 9 comm&4 ,9 #ageh ,amh]/ & ,wolfe captur$ ,l\isburg1 & ,=bes1 greatly aid$ by ,wa%+ton1 seiz$ ,=t ,duquesne4 ,brad/reet captur$ ,=t ,front5ac1 on ,lake ,ont>io4 ,!re 0 only "o bad failure1 t ( ,ab]crombie at ,ticond]oga4 ,b ! next ye> ,amh]/ captur$ ,ticond]oga & ,cr[n ,po9t & op5$ ! way to ,canada by ,lake ,*ampla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,wolfe',s ,,rav9e4 ,?is %[s ! gradual asc5t ( ! pa? f ! riv] to ! top ( ! bluff4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,quebec1 #agei4 ,higg9son1 #aed-aef2 ,eggle/on1 #acg-aci2 ,s\rce-,book1 #aje-ajg4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,quebec4 #aja4 ,capture ( ,quebec1 #agei4--,( all ! y\ng] g5]als ,james ,wolfe 0 =emo/4 ,to him 0 giv5 ! task ( captur+ ,quebec4 ,seat$ on a high bluff1 ,quebec c\ld n be captur$ f ! riv]4 ,! only way to approa* x 0 to ga9 ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham 9 its re> & besiege x on ! l& side4 ,aga9 & aga9 ,wolfe s5t 8 m5 to /orm ! bluffs bel[ ! t[n4 ,e "t !y fail$4 ,wolfe felt t he mu/ give up ! task1 :5 he 0 told t a pa? l$ f ! riv] to ! top ( ! bluff above ! t[n4 ,putt+ 8 m5 into boats1 !y ga9$ ! pa? 9 ! d>kness ( night4 ,!re 0 a gu>d at ! top ( ! bluff1 b ! (fic] 9 comm& 0 a c[>d & ran away4 ,9 ! morn+ ! ,briti% army 0 drawn up on ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham4 ,! ,fr5* n[ attack$ ! ,briti%1 & a fi]ce battle took place4 ,! result 0 d\btful :5 ,wolfe l$ a *>ge at ! head ( ! ,l\isburg ,gr5adi]s4 ,he 0 kill$1 b ! ,fr5* 7 beat54 ,five days lat] ,quebec surr5d]$4 ,montreal 0 captur$ 9 #agfj1 & 9 #agfc ! w> came to an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,peace ( ,p>is1 #agfc4 #ajb4 ,peace ( ,p>is1 #agfc4--;,by ?is great treaty1 or set ( treaties1 ! ,fr5* )drew f ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,to ,spa91 :o _h lo/ ,florida1 ! ,fr5* gave ! isl& ( ,new ,orleans & all ( ,l\isiana we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,to ,great ,brita9 ! ,fr5* gave up all ! re/ ( _! ,am]ican possessions except two small isl&s 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,spa91 on h] "p1 gave up ,florida to ! ,briti%4 ,!re 7 n[ practically only two p[]s 9 ,am]ica1--! ,briti% 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! cont95t1 & ! ,spani>ds we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,! ,spani>ds also own$ ! isl& ( ,new ,orleans & controll$ bo? sides ( ! riv] = m ?an a hundr$ miles f its m\?4 ,b ! treaty gave ! ,briti% ! free navigation ( ! ,mississippi ?r\gh\t its l5g?4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #h #fe1 #ff4--;a4 ,:at gov]nm5t did ,engl& h aft] ! execution ( ,*>les ,i8 ,give ?ree facts ab\t ,cromwell4 b4 ,h[ did ! accession ( ,*>les ,,ii affect ! colonies8 c4 ,:at laws 7 made ab\t ! comm]ce ( ! colonies8 #fg4--;a4 ,h[ did ! new gov]nm5t ( ,engl& reg>d ,massa*usetts8 ,:y8 b4 ,describe ! treatm5t ( ! ,quak]s 9 ,massa*usetts4 #fh4--;a4 ,describe ! *>t]s giv5 to ,connecticut & ,rhode ,isl&4 ,:y did ,connecticut ne$ a *>t] :5 %e already _h a con/itution8 b4 ,:at o!r colony 0 unit$ ) ,connecticut8 #fi1gj4--;a4 ,:y did ,engl& wi% to conqu] ,new ,ne!rl&8 ,:y did n ! p ( ,new ,am/]dam wi% to fight ! ,engli%8 b4 ,to :om did ,*>les give ?is t]ritory8 #ga1 #gb4--;a4 ,m>k on a map ! position ( ,new ,j]sey4 b4 ,describe ! division ( ,new ,j]sey & its sale to ! ,quak]s4 c4 ,:y 0 ! colony prosp]\s8 #gc1 #gd4--;a4 ,describe ! f\nd+ ( ,c>ol9a4 b4 ,describe nor!rn & s\!rn ,c>ol9a1 & note ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m4 #ge1 #gf4--;a4 ,:at compla9ts did ! p ( ,virg9ia make8 ,0 ,bacon a rebel8 b4 ,describe ! lat] gov]nm5t ( ,virg9ia4 c4 ,:y 0 ! f\nd+ ( ,william & ,m>y ,college important8 #gg4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ,k+ ,philip's ,w>8 b4 ,:at 7 ! results ( ! w>8 #gh-hj4--;a4 ,f9d out ?ree facts ab\t ! e>ly life ( ,william ,p5n4 ,:y did coloni/s come to ,p5nsylvania8 b4 ,:at tr\ble arose ) ,m>yl& ab\t ! b\nd>y l9e8 c4 ,h[ 0 ,mason & ,dixon's l9e fam\s lat]8 ,,*apt] #i #ha-hd4--;a4 ,:y did ,*>les & ,james dislike ! gr[+ lib]ty ( ! colonies8 b4 ,:at *anges did ,&ros make 9 ,new ,engl&8 c4 ,describe ! ,glori\s ,revolution 9 ,am]ica4 d4 ,:at *anges did ,william & ,m>y make 9 ! colonial gov]nm5ts8 #he-hh4--;a4 ,h[ did ! ,c>ol9a proprietors treat _! coloni/s8 ,:at 0 ! result ( _! actions8 b4 ,expla9 ! reasons = ! f\nd+ ( ,georgia4 ,,*apt] #aj #hi1ij4--;a4 ,comp>e ! /r5g? ( ! ,engli% & ,fr5* colonies4 ,:at is a despotism8 b4 ,draw a map %[+ ! position ( ! ,engli% & ,fr5* colonies4 #ia-ic4--;a4 ,m>k on a map all ! places m5tion$ 9 ! text4 b4 ,describe ! exp$ition aga9/ ,l\isburg4 c4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ^! w>s8 #id-ig4--;a4 ,:i* c\ntry1 ,engl&1 ,france1 or ,spa91 _h ! be/ claim to ! ,mississippi valley8 ,:y8 b4 ,foll[ r\te ( ,la ,salle on a map1 m>k+ ea* place m5tion$4 ,describe ! settlem5t ( ,l\isiana4 c4 ,:y did ! /ruggle betwe5 ,engl& & ,france beg9 9 ! ,ohio valley8 d4 ,describe ,wa%+ton's e>ly tra9+4 #ih-aja4--;a4 ,:]e 0 ,=t ,duquesne8 ,:y 0 its position important8 ,describe ,braddock's exp$ition & trace 8 r\te4 b4 ,m>k on a map ! important r\tes to ,canada4 c4 ,describe ! capture ( ,quebec4 ,:y 0 x important8 #ajb4--;a4 ,:at t]ritory did ,engl& ga9 9 #agfc8 ,:at did ,spa9 ga98 ,:at did ,france lose8 b4 ,:at 0 ! great "q settl$ by ?is w>8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,7 ! ,new ,engl& colonies difficult to gov]n8 ,:y8 b4 ,9 :at respects 7 ! colonial gov]nm5ts alike8 ,9 :at respects 7 !y unlike8 c4 ,:at ev5ts 9 any colony h %[n t its p desir$ m lib]ty8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,! ,revolution ( #afhh 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 b4 ,write an acc\nt ( ! life ( a boy or girl 9 any colony2 tell ab\t ! h\se1 furniture1 dress1 s*ool1 & if a j\rney to ano!r colony is made1 h[ x is made & :at is se5 on ! way4 c4 ,arrange a table simil> to t describ$ on p4 #ah4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,9 ?is p]iod ! gr[+ difficulties betwe5 ,engl& & ! colonies c be trac$--especially 9 comm]cial affairs & 9 gov]nm5tal in/itutions4 ,?us _m ( ! causes ( ! ,revolution may be br\ght out z well z ! difficulties 9 ! way ( colonial union4 ,?is may be emphasiz$ by not+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* colonies4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,dom9ions ,,9 ,,nor? ,,am]ica41 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,treaty ,,9 #agfc1 ,by ,pet] ,bell1 ,geograph]1 #aggb4 ,,iv ,,colonial ,,union1 #agfj-aggd ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 #ci-hf2 ,scudd]'s ,george ,wa%+ton2 ,loss+'s ,field-,book ( ! ,revolution2 ,engli% ,hi/ory = ,am]icans1 #bdd-bhd 7,engli% political hi/ory74 ,home ,read+s4--,irv+'s ,wa%+ton 7abridg$ edition72 ,cooke's ,/ories ( ! ,old ,dom9ion2 ,coop]'s ,lionel ,l9coln2 ,longfell['s ,paul ,rev]e's ,ride4 ,,*apt] #aa ,,brita9',s ,,colonial ,,sy/em ,sid5ote3 ,engl&'s e>ly lib]al colonial policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,engl&'s *ang$ colonial policy4 #ajc4 ,e>ly ,colonial ,policy4--,at ! outset1 ,engl&'s rul]s _h be5 v k9d to ,engli%m5 :o f\nd$ colonies4 ,!y gave !m great grants ( l&4 ,!y gave !m rights ( self-gov]nm5t great] ?an any ,engli%m5 liv+ 9 ,engl& enjoy$4 ,!y all[$ !m to manage _! own trade & indu/ries z !y saw fit4 ,!y ev5 p]mitt$ !m to wor%ip ,god z _! consci5ces told !m to wor%ip him4 ,b1 z ! coloni/s grew 9 /r5g? & 9 ri*es1 ,brita9's rul]s tri$ to make _! trade pr(itable to ,briti% m]*ants & int]f]$ 9 _! gov]nm5t4 ,on _! "p ! coloni/s disobey$ ! navigation laws & disput$ ) ! royal (ficials4 ,= ye>s ,brita9's rul]s all[$ ?is to g on4 ,b1 at l5g?1 ne> ! close ( ! la/ ,fr5* w> ,mr4 ,pitt ord]$ ! laws to be en=c$4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulties 9 en=c+ ! navigation laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,james ,otis4 ,eggle/on1 #afc4 ,8 spee* aga9/ writs ( assi/ance1 #agfa4 #ajd4 ,writs ( ,assi/ance1 #agfa4--;,x 0 a good deal easi] to ord] ! laws to be c>ri$ out ?an x 0 to c>ry !m out4 ,x 0 almo/ impossible = ! cu/oms (fic]s to prev5t goods be+ l&$ contr>y to law4 ,:5 ! goods 7 once on %ore1 x 0 difficult to seize !m4 ,s ! (fic]s ask$ ! judges to give !m writs ( assi/ance4 ,among ! lead+ lawy]s ( ,bo/on 0 ,james ,otis4 ,he 0 ! k+'s law (fic] 9 ! prov9ce4 ,b he resign$ 8 (fice & oppos$ ! grant+ ( ! writs4 ,he object$ to ! use ( writs ( assi/ance because !y enabl$ a cu/oms (fic] to become a tyrant4 ,arm$ ) "o ( !m he c\ld g to ! h\se ( a man he did n l & se>* x f attic to cell>1 turn ev]y?+ upside d[n & break op5 doors & trunks4 ,x made no diff]5ce1 said ,otis1 :e!r ,p>liam5t _h said t ! writs 7 legal4 ,= ,p>liam5t c\ld n make an act ( tyranny legal4 ,to d t 0 beyond ! p[] ev5 ( ,p>liam5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,patrick ,h5ry4 ,eggle/on1 #afb4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 spee* 9 ! ,p>son's ,cause1 #agfc4 #aje4 ,! ,p>son's ,cause1 #agfc4--,! next important case arose 9 ,virg9ia & came ab\t 9 ?is way4 ,! ,virg9ians made a law regulat+ ! sal>ies ( cl]gym5 9 ! colony4 ,! k+ veto$ ! law4 ,! ,virg9ians paid no he$ to ! veto4 ,! cl]gy m5 appeal$ to ! c\rts & ! case ( "o ( !m 0 select$ = trial4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 a prosp]\s "y lawy]1 /at$ ! op9ions ( ! ,virg9ians 9 a spee* :i* made 8 reputation4 ,! k+1 he said1 _h no "r to veto a ,virg9ia law t 0 = ! good ( ! p4 ,to d s 0 an act ( tyranny1 & ! p ow$ no ob$i5ce to a tyrant4 ,! case 0 decid$ = ! cl]gyman4 ,= ! law 0 cle>ly on 8 side4 ,b ! jurym5 agre$ ) ,h5ry4 ,!y gave ! cl]gyman only "o f>?+ damages1 & no m cl]gym5 br\ght cases into ! c\rt4 ,! k+'s veto 0 op5ly disobey$4 ,sid5ote3 ,proclamation ( #agfc4 ,mc,master1 #aaj4 #ajf4 ,! ,k+'s ,proclamation ( #agfc4--;,9 ! same ye> t ! ,p>son's ,cause 0 decid$ ! k+ issu$ a proclamation :i* greatly less5$ ! rights ( ,virg9ia & sev]al o!r colonies to we/]n l&s4 ,"s ( ! old *>t] l9es1 z ^? ( ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 & ! ,c>ol9as _h ext5d$ to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,by ! treaty ( #agfc 7p4 #fi7 ! k+1 = himself & 8 subjects1 ab&on$ all claim to l&s we/ ( ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,n[ 9 ! ,proclamation ( #agfc he =bade ! colonial gov]nors to grant any l&s we/ ( ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s4 ,! we/]n limit ( ,virg9ia & ! ,c>ol9as 0 fix$4 ,_! pione]s c\ld n pass ! m\nta9s & settle 9 ! f]tile valleys ( ! ,ohio & its bran*es4 ,,*apt] #ab ,,taxation ,,)\t ,,repres5tation ,sid5ote3 ,george ,,iii4 ,sid5ote3 ,george ,gr5ville4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4 #ajg4 ,george ,,iii & ,george ,gr5ville4--,george ,,iii became k+ 9 #agfj4 ,he 0 a n>r[1 /upid1 well-mean+1 ignorant "y man ( tw5ty-"o4 ,he soon f\nd 9 ,george ,gr5ville a n>r[1 dull1 well-mean+ lawy]1 a man :o w\ld d :at he 0 told4 ,s ,george ,gr5ville became ! head ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,to him ! law 0 ! law4 ,if he wi%$ to d a ?+ & c\ld f9d ! law = x1 he ask$ = no?+ m4 ,8 milit>y advis]s told him t an army mu/ be kept 9 ,am]ica = ye>s4 ,x 0 ,gr5ville's bus9ess to f9d ! money to support ?is army4 ,great ,brita9 0 burd5$ ) a national debt4 ,! army 0 to be ma9ta9$1 p>tly1 at lea/1 = ! protection ( ! coloni/s4 ,:y %\ld !y n pay a "p ( ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ x8 ,p>liam5t 0 ! supreme p[] 9 ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,x controll$ ! k+1 ! *ur*1 ! army1 & ! navy4 ,surely a ,p>liam5t t _h all ?is p[] c\ld tax ! coloni/s4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,gr5ville ?\ght x c\ld1 & ,p>liam5t pass$ ! ,/amp ,act to tax !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,taxation & repres5tation4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry's resolutions1 #agfe4 ,higg9son1 #afa-afd2 ,mc,master1 #aab-aad4 #ajh4 ,h5ry's ,resolutions1 #agfe4--,! coloni/s1 h[ev]1 ) "o voice1 decl>$ t ,p>liam5t _h no p[] to tax !m4 ,taxes1 !y said1 c\ld be vot$ only by !mselves or _! repres5tatives4 ,!y 7 repres5t$ 9 _! own colonial assemblies1 & n[h]e else4 ,patrick ,h5ry 0 n[ a memb] ( ! ,virg9ia assembly4 ,he _h j be5 elect$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,b z none ( ! old] memb]s ( ! assembly propos$ any action1 ,h5ry tore a leaf f an old law-book & wrote on x a set ( resolutions4 ,^! he pres5t$ 9 a burn+ spee*1 uphold+ ! rights ( ! ,virg9ians4 ,he said t to tax !m by act ( ,p>liam5t 0 tyranny4 ,caes> & ,t>qu9 _h ea* 8 ,brutus1 ,*>les ,i 8 ,cromwell1 & ,george ,,iii--,treason1 treason1 %\t$ ! speak]4 ,may pr(it by _! example1 sl[ly ,h5ry w5t on4 ,if t be treason1 make ! mo/ ( x4 ,! resolutions 7 vot$4 ,9 !m ! ,virg9ians decl>$ t !y 7 n subject to ,acts ( ,p>liam5t lay+ taxes or int]f]+ 9 ! int]nal affairs ( ,virg9ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry',s ,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,resolutions 7,,facsimile ,,( ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draft7 ,sid5ote3 ,opposition to ! ,/amp ,act1 #agfe4 ,higg9son1 #afd-afe2 ,mc,master1 #aaf4 #aji4 ,/amp ,act ,riots1 #agfe4--,until ! summ] ( #agfe ! coloni/s cont5t$ !mselves ) pass+ resolutions4 ,!re 0 little else t !y c\ld d4 ,!y c\ld n refuse to obey ! law because x w\ld n g into effect until ,novemb]4 ,!y c\ld n mob ! /amp di/ribut]s because no "o knew _! names4 ,9 ,augu/ ! names ( ! /amp di/ribut]s 7 publi%$4 ,n[ at la/ x 0 possible to d some?+ besides pass+ resolutions4 ,9 e colony ! p visit$ ! /amp (fic]s & told !m to resign4 ,if !y refus$1 !y 7 mobb$ until !y resign$4 ,9 ,bo/on ! riot]s 7 especially active4 ,!y dete/$ ,?omas ,hut*9son4 ,he 0 lieut5ant-gov]nor & *ief ju/ice & _h be5 active 9 en=c+ ! navigation acts4 ,! riot]s attack$ 8 h\se4 ,!y broke 8 furniture1 de/roy$ 8 clo?+1 & made a bonfire ( 8 books & pap]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,colonial congresses4 ,sid5ote3 ,albany ,congress1 #aged4 ,sid5ote3 ,/amp ,act ,congress1 #agfe4 #aaj4 ,! ,/amp ,act ,congress1 #agfe4--;,colonial congresses 7 no new ?+4 ,!re _h be5 _m meet+s ( gov]nors & delegates f colonial assemblies4 ,! mo/ important ( ! e>ly congresses 0 ! ,albany ,congress ( #aged4 ,x 0 important because x propos$ a plan ( union4 ,! plan 0 drawn up by ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,b nei!r ! k+ nor ! coloni/s lik$ x1 & x 0 n adopt$4 ,all ^! e>li] congresses _h be5 summon$ by ! k+'s (fic]s to arrange exp$itions aga9/ ! ,fr5* or to make treaties ) ! ,indians4 ,! ,/amp ,act ,congress 0 summon$ by ! coloni/s to prote/ aga9/ ! do+s ( k+ & ,p>liam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patrick ,,h5ry ,i am n a ,virg9ian1 b an ,am]ican4 ,sid5ote3 ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights & ,grievances ( ! ,coloni/s1 #agfe4 ,mc,master1 #aae4 #aaa4 ,"w ( ! ,/amp ,act ,congress4--,delegates f n9e colonies met at ,new ,york 9 ,octob]1 #agfe4 ,!y drew up a ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights & ,grievances ( ! ,coloni/s4 ,9 ?is pap] !y decl>$ t ! coloni/s1 z subjects ( ! ,briti% k+1 _h ! same rights z ,briti% subjects liv+ 9 ,brita91 & 7 free f taxes except ^? to :i* !y _h giv5 _! cons5t4 ,!y claim$ = !mselves ! "r ( trial by jury--:i* might be d5i$ "u ! ,/amp ,act4 ,b ! mo/ important ?+ ab\t ! congress 0 ! fact t n9e colonies _h put aside _! local jeal\sies & _h jo9$ 9 hold+ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,sid5ote3 ,exam9$ by ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 #aab4 ,frankl9's ,exam9ation4--,born 9 ,bo/on1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ran away f home & settl$ at ,philadelphia4 ,by great ex]tion & wond]ful %rewdness he rose f pov]ty to be "o ( ! mo/ important m5 9 ! city & colony4 ,he 0 a pr9t]1 a newspap] editor1 a writ]1 & a /ud5t ( sci5ce4 ,) kite & /r+ he drew d[n ! lightn+ f ! cl\ds & %[$ t lightn+ 0 a dis*>ge ( electricity4 ,he 0 n[ 9 ,london z ag5t = ,p5nsylvania & ,massa*usetts4 ,8 sci5tific & lit]>y reputation gave him great influ5ce4 ,he 0 exam9$ at ! b> ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,_m que/ions & answ]s 7 arrang$ be=eh& betwe5 ,frankl9 & 8 fri5ds 9 ! ,h\se4 ,b _m que/ions 7 answ]$ on ! spur ( ! mom5t4 ,be=e ! passage ( ! ,/amp ,act ! feel+ ( ! coloni/s t[>d ,brita9 _h be5 ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,s ,frankl9 decl>$4 ,b n[1 he said1 x 0 greatly alt]$4 ,/ill an army s5t to ,am]ica w\ld f9d no rebellion !re4 ,x might1 inde$1 make "o4 ,9 conclusion1 he said ! repeal ( ! act w\ld n make ! coloni/s any m will+ to pay taxes4 ,sid5ote3 ,fall ( ,gr5ville4 ,sid5ote3 ,repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act1 #agff4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,decl>atory ,act1 #agff4 #aac4 ,repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act1 #agff4--;,x *anc$ t at ?is mom5t ,george ,,iii & ,george ,gr5ville fell out4 ,! k+ dismiss$ ! m9i/]1 & gave ! ,m>quis ( ,rock+ham ! head%ip ( a new set ( m9i/]s4 ,n[ ,rock+ham & 8 fri5ds ne$$ aid f somebody to give !m ! /r5g? to outvote ,gr5ville & ! ,tories4 ,s :5 ! "q ( :at %\ld be done ab\t ! ,/amp ,act came up1 !y li/5$ mo/ att5tively to :at ,mr4 ,pitt _h to say4 ,t great man said t ! ,/amp ,act %\ld be repeal$ :olly & at once4 ,at ! same "t ano!r law %\ld be pass$ decl>+ t ,p>liam5t _h p[] to legislate = ! colonies 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,! ,rock+hams at once did z ,mr4 ,pitt sugge/$4 ,! ,/amp ,act 0 repeal$4 ,! ,decl>atory ,act 0 pass$4 ,9 ! colonies ,pitt 0 prais$ z a deliv]]4 ,/atues ( him 7 plac$ 9 ! /reets1 pictures ( him 7 hung 9 public halls4 ,b1 9 reality1 ! passage ( ! ,decl>atory ,act 0 ! beg9n+ ( m tr\ble4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*a?am ,m9i/ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,t[n%5d ,acts1 #agfg4 ,mc,master1 #aag-aah4 #aad4 ,! ,t[n%5d ,acts1 #agfg4--,! ,rock+ham m9i/]s did :at ,mr4 ,pitt advis$ !m to d4 ,he !n turn$ !m out & made a m9i/ry ( 8 own4 ,he 0 n[ ,e>l ( ,*a?am1 & 8 m9i/ry 0 ! ,*a?am ,m9i/ry4 ,! mo/ active ( ! ,*a?am m9i/]s 0 ,*>les ,t[n%5d4 ,he _h ! managem5t ( ! f9ances & f\nd !m v h>d to manage4 ,s he hit ^u a s*eme ( lay+ duties on w9e1 oil1 glass1 lead1 pa9t]'s colors1 & tea import$ into ! colonies4 ,mr4 ,pitt _h said t ,p>liam5t c\ld regulate colonial trade4 ,! be/ way to regulate trade 0 to tax x4 ,at ! same "t t ,t[n%5d br\ght 9 ?is bill1 he br\ght 9 o!rs to reorganize ! colonial cu/oms s]vice & make x possible to collect ! duties4 ,he ev5 provid$ t (f5ces aga9/ ! rev5ue laws %\ld be tri$ by judges appo9t$ directly by ! k+1 )\t be+ submitt$ to a jury ( any k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sug> ,act4 ,sid5ote3 ,en=cem5t ( ! ,navigation ,acts4 #aae4 ,colonial ,opposition1 #agfh4--,_m ye>s be=e ?is1 ,p>liam5t _h made a law tax+ all sug> br\ght into ! cont95tal colonies1 except sug> t _h be5 made 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies4 ,_h ?is law be5 c>ri$ out1 ! trade ( ,massa*usetts & o!r ,new ,engl& colonies w\ld h be5 ru9$4 ,b ! law 0 n en=c$4 ,no "o tri$ to en=ce x1 except dur+ ! few mon?s ( vigor at ! "t ( ! argum5ts ab\t writs ( assi/ance4 ,z ! taxes 7 n collect$1 no "o c>$ :e!r !y 7 legal or n4 ,n[ x 0 pla9 t ?is tax & ! ,t[n%5d duties 7 to be collect$4 ,! ,massa*usetts ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives drew up a circul> lett] to ! o!r colonial assemblies ask+ !m to jo9 9 oppos+ ! new taxes4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t ord]$ ! ,h\se to recall ! lett]4 ,x refus$ & 0 dissolv$4 ,! o!r colonial assemblies 7 direct$ to take no notice ( ! circul> lett]4 ,!y repli$ at ! fir/ possible mom5t & 7 dissolv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,seizure ( ! sloop ,lib]ty1 #agfh4 #aaf4 ,! ,new ,cu/oms ,(fic]s at ,bo/on1 #agfh4--,! *ief (fice ( ! new cu/oms organization 0 fix$ at ,bo/on4 ,soon ,john ,hancock's sloop1 ,lib]ty1 sail$ into ! h>bor ) a c>go ( ,madeira w9e4 ,z ,hancock _h no idea ( pay+ ! duty1 ! cu/oms (fic]s seiz$ ! sloop & t[$ h] "u ! guns ( a w>%ip :i* 0 9 ! h>bor4 ,cr[ds ( p n[ collect$4 ,!y c\ld n recapture ! ,lib]ty4 ,!y seiz$ "o ( ! w>-%ip's boats1 c>ri$ x to ! ,common1 & _h a fam\s bonfire4 ,all ?is confusion fright5$ ! *ief cu/oms (fic]s4 ,!y fl$ to ! ca/le 9 ! h>bor & wrote to ! gov]nm5t = soldi]s to protect !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,john ,,hancock',s ,,bill-,,heads4 ,sid5ote3 ,virg9ia ,resolves1 #agfi4 #aag4 ,! ,virg9ia ,resolves ( #agfi4--,p>liam5t n[ ask$ ! k+ to h coloni/s1 accus$ ( c]ta9 crimes1 br\ght to ,engl& = trial4 ,?is ar\s$ ! ,virg9ians4 ,!y pass$ a set ( resolutions1 kn[n z ! ,virg9ia ,resolves ( #agfi4 ,^! resolves ass]t$3 7#a7 t ! coloni/s only _h ! "r to tax ! coloni/s2 7#b7 t ! coloni/s _h ! "r to petition ei!r by !mselves or ) ! p ( o!r colonies2 & 7#c7 t no coloni/ ought to be s5t to ,engl& = trial4 ,sid5ote3 ,non-,importation ,agreem5ts1 #agfi4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>tial repeal ( ! ,t[n%5d ,acts1 #aggj4 #aah4 ,non-,importation ,agreem5ts1 #agfi4--,:5 he le>n$ :at 0 go+ on1 ! gov]nor ( ,virg9ia dissolv$ ! assembly4 ,b ! memb]s met 9 ! ,raleigh tav]n ne> by4 ,!re ,george ,wa%+ton laid be=e !m a writt5 agreem5t to use no ,briti% goods ^u :i* duties _h be5 paid4 ,!y all sign$ ?is agreem5t4 ,soon ! o!r colonies jo9$ ,virg9ia 9 ! ,non-,importation ,agreem5t4 ,engli% m]*ants f\nd _! trade gr[+ small] & small]4 ,!y c\ld n ev5 collect _! debts1 = ! colonial m]*ants said t trade 9 ! colonies 0 s upset by ! ,t[n%5d ,acts t !y c\ld n sell _! goods1 or collect ! money ow+ to !m4 ,! ,briti% m]*ants petition$ ,p>liam5t to repeal ! duties1 & ,p>liam5t answ]$ !m by repeal+ all ! duties except ! tax on tea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,raleigh ,,tav]n ,,*apt] #ac ,,revolution ,,imp5d+ ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% soldi]s at ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,soldi]s s5t to ,bo/on1 #agfh4 #aai4 ,! ,soldi]s at ,new ,york & ,bo/on4--,soldi]s _h be5 /ation$ at ,new ,york ev] s9ce ! end ( ! ,fr5* w> because t 0 ! mo/ c5tral po9t on ! coa/4 ,! ,new ,york]s did n l to h ! soldi]s !re v well1 because ,p>liam5t expect$ !m to supply ! troops ) c]ta9 ?+s )\t gett+ any money 9 return4 ,! ,new ,york ,assembly refus$ to supply !m1 & ,p>liam5t susp5d$ ! ,assembly's sitt+s4 ,9 #agfh two regim5ts came f ,new ,york to ,bo/on to protect ! cu/oms (fic]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,bo/on ,massacre1 #aggj4 ,higg9son1 #aff-afi2 ,mc,master1 #aah4 #abj4 ,! ,bo/on ,massacre1 #aggj4--,!re 7 n en\gh soldi]s at ,bo/on to protect ! cu/oms (fic]s--if ! coloni/s really wi%$ to hurt !m4 ,!re 7 q en\gh soldi]s at ,bo/on to get !mselves & ! coloni/s into tr\ble4 ,on ,m>* #e1 #aggj1 a cr[d ga!r$ ar\nd ! soldi]s /ation$ on ,k+'s ,/reet1 n[ ,/ate ,/reet4 ,!re 0 sn[ on ! gr\nd1 & ! boys began to ?r[ sn[ & mud at ! soldi]s4 ,! cr[d grew bold]4 ,sudd5ly ! soldi]s fir$ on ! p4 ,!y kill$ f\r coloni/s & w\nd$ sev]al m4 ,l$ by ,samuel ,adams1 ! p dem&$ ! removal ( ! soldi]s to ! =t 9 ! h>bor4 ,hut*9son 0 n[ gov]nor4 ,he (f]$ to s5d "o regim5t out ( ! t[n4 ,all or none1 said ,adams1 & all 7 s5t away4 ,sid5ote3 ,t[n ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,colonial ,committees ( ,correspond5ce1 #agfi4 #aba4 ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4--,up to ?is "t ! resi/ance ( ! coloni/s _h be5 c>ri$ on 9 a haphaz>d sort ( way4 ,n[ ,committees ( ,correspond5ce began to be appo9t$4 ,^! committees 7 ( two k9ds4 ,fir/ !re 7 t[n ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,^! 7 inv5t$ by ,samuel ,adams & 7 fir/ appo9t$ 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,b m important 7 ! colonial ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 appo9t$ by ,virg9ia 9 #agfi4 ,at fir/ few colonies foll[$ ,massa*usetts & ,virg9ia 9 appo9t+ committees4 ,b z "o act ( tyranny succe$$ ano!r1 o!r colonies fell into l9e4 ,by #agge all ! colonies 7 unit$ by a complete sy/em ( ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! tax on tea4 ,mc,master1 #aai4 #abb4 ,! ,tea ,tax4--,( all ! ,t[n%5d duties only ! tax on tea 0 left4 ,x happ5$ t ! ,briti% ,ea/ ,india ,company _h tons ( tea 9 its ,london /oreh\ses & 0 greatly 9 ne$ ( money4 ,! gov]nm5t told ! company t x might s5d tea to ,am]ica )\t pay+ any taxes 9 ,engl&1 b ! ?ree-p5ny colonial tax w\ld h to be paid 9 ! colonies4 ,9 ?is way ! coloni/s w\ld get _! tea *eap] ?an ! p ( ,engl&4 ,b ! coloni/s 7 n to be brib$ into pay+ ! tax 9 any su* way4 ,! ,ea/ ,india ,company s5t ov] %ip-loads ( tea4 ,! tea %ips 7 ei!r s5t back aga9 or ! tea 0 /or$ 9 "s safe place :]e no "o c\ld get x4 ,sid5ote3 ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty1 #aggc4 ,higg9son1 #aga-agc2 ,eggle/on1 #afe2 ,s\rce-,book1 #acg4 #abc4 ,! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty1 #aggc4--;,9 ,bo/on ?+s did n g s smoo?ly4 ,! ag5ts ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company refus$ to resign4 ,! collector ( ! cu/oms refus$ to give ! %ips p]mission to sail away be=e ! tea 0 l&$4 ,gov]nor ,hut*9son refus$ to give ! %ip capta9s a pass to sail by ! =t until ! collector gave 8 p]mission4 ,! comm&] at ! =t refus$ to all[ ! %ips to sail out ( ! h>bor until !y _h ! necess>y pap]s4 ,! only way to get rid ( ! tea 0 to de/roy x4 ,a p>ty ( patriots1 dress$ z ,indians1 w5t on bo>d ( ! %ips z !y lay at ! :>f1 broke op5 ! tea boxes1 & ?rew ! tea into ! h>bor4 ,sid5ote3 ,repressive acts1 #aggd4 ,mc,master1 #abj4 #abd4 ,puni%m5t ( ,massa*usetts1 #aggd4--,! ,briti% k+1 ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 & ! mass ( ! ,briti% p 7 furi\s :5 !y f\nd t ! ,bo/on p _h made tea ) salt wat]4 ,p>liam5t at once w5t to "w pass+ acts to puni% ! coloni/s4 ,"o act put an end to ! con/itution ( ,massa*usetts4 ,ano!r act clos$ ! port ( ,bo/on s tightly t ! p c\ld n br+ hay f ,*>le/[n to give to _! />v+ horses4 ,a ?ird act provid$ t soldi]s :o fir$ on ! p %\ld be tri$ 9 ,engl&4 ,& a f\r? act compell$ ! coloni/s to fe$ & %elt] ! soldi]s employ$ to puni% !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! coloni/s aid ,massa*usetts4 ,higg9son1 #agd-agg4 ,sid5ote3 ,george ,wa%+ton4 #abe4 ,sympa?y ) ! ,bo/onians4--,k+ ,george ?\ght he c\ld puni% ! ,massa*usetts p z mu* z he wi%$ )\t ! p ( ! o!r colonies object+4 ,x soon appe>$ t ! p ( ! o!r colonies sympa?iz$ mo/ he>tily ) ! ,bo/onians4 ,!y s5t !m %eep & rice4 ,!y s5t !m clo!s4 ,george ,wa%+ton 0 n[ a ri* man4 ,he (f]$ to raise a ?\s& m5 ) 8 own money1 m>* ) !m to ,bo/on1 & rescue ! oppress$ p f _! oppressors4 ,b ! "t = w> _h n yet come al?\gh x 0 n f> (f4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,quebec ,act1 #aggd4 #abf4 ,! ,quebec ,act1 #aggd4--;,9 ! same ye> t ,p>liam5t pass$ ! f\r acts to puni% ,massa*usetts1 x pass$ ano!r act :i* affect$ ! p ( o!r colonies z well z ^? ( ,massa*usetts4 ,?is 0 ! ,quebec ,act4 ,x provid$ t ! l& betwe5 ! ,ohio1 ! ,mississippi1 & ! ,great ,lakes %\ld be add$ to ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec4 ,n[ ?is l& 0 claim$ by ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,virg9ia4 ,^! colonies 7 to be depriv$ ( _! rights to l& 9 t region4 ,! ,quebec ,act also provid$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( a v /rong gov]nm5t 9 t prov9ce4 ,?is seem$ to be an attack on free in/itutions4 ,all ^! ?+s drove ! coloni/s to unite4 ,!y resolv$ to hold a congress :]e ! lead]s ( ! sev]al cont95tal colonies might talk ov] matt]s & decide :at %\ld be done4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fir/ ,cont95tal ,congress1 #aggd4 #abg4 ,! ,fir/ ,cont95tal ,congress1 #aggd4--,! memb]s ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress met 9 ,c>p5t]'s ,hall1 ,philadelphia1 9 ,septemb]1 #aggd4 ,nev]1 except 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion 7p4 #acg71 h s _m great m5 met toge!r4 ,! greate/ delegation 0 t f ,virg9ia4 ,x includ$ ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 & ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee4 ,f ,massa*usetts came ! two ,adamses1 ,john & ,samuel4 ,f ,new ,york came ,john ,jay4 ,f ,p5nsylvania came ,john ,dick9son4 ,( all ! greate/ ,am]icans only ,?omas ,jeff]son & ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 7 abs5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>p5t]',s ,,hall1 ,,philadelphia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,am]ican ,association1 #aggd4 #abh4 ,! ,am]ican ,association1 #aggd4--;,x soon became cle> t ! memb]s ( ! ,congress 7 oppos$ to any ha/y action4 ,!y 7 n will+ to beg9 w> ) ,great ,brita94 ,in/ead ( s do+ !y adopt$ a ,decl>ation ( ,rights & =m$ ! ,am]ican ,association4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,rights 0 ( slight importance4 ,b ! ,association 0 ( great importance1 z ! colonies jo9+ x agre$ to buy no m ,briti% goods4 ,?is policy 0 to be c>ri$ out by ! ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,any colony refus+ to jo9 ! ,association %\ld be look$ ^u z ho/ile to ! lib]ties ( ?is c\ntry1 & treat$ z an enemy4 ,! ,am]ican ,association 0 ! real beg9n+ ( ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,resi/ance ?r\gh\t ! colonies #aggd-ge4 #abi4 ,! ,association c>ri$ out1 #aggd-ge4--;,x 0 soon evid5t t ,congress 9 =m+ ! ,association _h done precisely :at ! p wi%$ to h done4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,virg9ia committees 7 *os5 9 e c\nty4 ,!y exam9$ ! m]*ants' books4 ,!y summon$ be=e !m p]sons suspect$ ( disobey+ ! laws ( ,congress4 ,milit>y companies 7 =m$ 9 e c\nty & c>ri$ out ! ord]s ( ! committees4 ,! ord9>y c\rts 7 entirely disreg>d$4 ,9 fact1 ! royal gov]nm5t _h come to an end 9 ! ,old ,dom9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>liam5t puni%es ,massa*usetts1 #aggd-ge4 #acj4 ,m ,puni%m5t = ,massa*usetts1 #aggd-ge4--;,george ,,iii & 8 m9i/]s refus$ to see t ! colonies 7 practically unit$4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y det]m9$ to puni% ! p ( ,massa*usetts /ill fur!r4 ,p>liam5t pass$ acts =bidd+ ! ,massa*usetts fi%]m5 to cat* fi% & =bidd+ ! ,massa*usetts trad]s to trade ) ! p ( ,virg9ia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & all =eign c\ntries4 ,! ,massa*usetts coloni/s 7 rebels1 !y %\ld be treat$ z rebels4 ,g5]al ,gage 0 giv5 m soldi]s & ord]$ to cru% ! rebellion4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,gage4 ,sid5ote3 ,oppos$ by ! ,massa*usetts p4 #aca4 ,gage 9 ,massa*usetts1 #aggd-ge4--;,g5]al ,gage f\nd he _h a good deal to d be=e he c\ld beg9 to cru% ! rebellion4 ,he _h to f9d %elt] = 8 soldi]s4 ,he also _h to f9d food = !m4 ,! ,bo/on c>p5t]s w\ld n "w = him4 ,he _h to br+ c>p5t]s f ,halifax & ,new ,york to d 8 "w4 ,! f>m]s ( ea/]n ,massa*usetts 7 z firm z ! ,bo/on c>p5t]s4 ,!y w\ld n sell food to ,g5]al ,gage4 ,s he _h to br+ food f ,engl& & f ,halifax4 ,he manag$ to buy or seize wood to w>m ! soldi]s & hay to fe$ 8 horses4 ,b ! boats br++ ^! supplies to ,bo/on 7 con/antly upset 9 a mo/ unlook$-= way4 ,! coloni/s1 on _! "p1 elect$ a ,prov9cial ,congress to take ! place ( ! regul> gov]nm5t4 ,! militia 0 reorganiz$1 & milit>y /ores ga!r$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,april #ai1 #agge1 ,,drawn ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,by ,,two ,,m5 ,,:o ,,took ,,"p ,,9 ,,! ,,action4 ,reproduc$ ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,rev4 ,e4 ,g4 ,port]4 ,sid5ote3 ,lex+ton & ,concord1 #agge4 ,higg9son1 #agh-ahc2 ,mc,master1 #abf-abh2 ,s\rce-,book1 #add-adf4 #acb4 ,lex+ton & ,concord1 ,april #ai1 #agge4--;,gage _h said t ) t5 ?\s& m5 he c\ld m>* all ov] ,massa*usetts4 ,9 ,april1 #agge1 he began to cru% ! rebellion by s5d+ a /rong =ce to ,concord to de/roy /ores :i* 8 spies told him _h be5 collect$ !re4 ,! soldi]s began _! m>* 9 ! middle ( ! night4 ,b ,paul ,rev]e & ,william ,dawes 7 be=e !m4 ,! regul>s are com+1 0 ! cry4 ,at ,lex+ton1 ! ,briti% f\nd a few militiam5 drawn up on ! village gre54 ,"s "o fir$ & a few ,am]icans 7 kill$4 ,on ! ,briti% m>*$ to ,concord4 ,by ?is "t ! militiam5 _h ga!r$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,x 0 a hot day4 ,! regul>s 7 tir$4 ,!y /opp$ to re/4 ,"s ( ! militiam5 attack$ ! regul>s at ,concord1 & :5 ! ,briti% />t$ on _! homew>d m>*1 ! fight+ began 9 e>ne/4 ,beh9d e wall & bit ( ris+ gr\nd 7 militiam54 ,"o soldi] aft] ano!r 0 %ot d[n & left beh9d4 ,at ,lex+ton ! ,briti% met re9=cem5ts1 or !y w\ld all h be5 kill$ or captur$4 ,soon !y />t$ aga94 ,aga9 ! fight+ began4 ,x cont9u$ until ! survivors rea*$ a place ( safety "u ! guns ( ! w>%ips an*or$ (f ,*>le/[n4 ,! ,am]icans camp$ = ! night at ,cambridge & began ! siege ( ,bo/on4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #aa #ajc4--;a4 ,"n "s in/ances :i* illu/rate ,engl&'s e>ly policy t[>d its colonies4 b4 ,expla9 ! lat] *ange ( policy1 giv+ reasons = x4 #ajd1 #aje4--;a4 ,:at reasons did ,otis give = 8 opposition to ! writs ( assi/ance8 ,:y are su* writs prohibit$ by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,:at is a veto8 ,:at "r _h ! ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9 to veto a ,virg9ia law8 ,:i* side really won 9 ! ,p>son's ,cause8 #ajf4--,:at colonies claim$ l& we/ ( ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s8 ,h[ did ! k+ int]f]e ) ^! claims8 ,,*apt] #ab #ajg-aji4--;a4 ,:at reasons 7 giv5 = keep+ an army 9 ,am]ica8 b4 ,:at is meant by say+ t ,p>liam5t 0 ! supreme p[] 9 ! ,briti% ,empire8 c4 ,is a /amp tax a good k9d ( tax8 d4 ,expla9 c>efully ! coloni/s' objections to ! ,/amp ,act ( #agfe4 ,d ! same objections hold aga9/ ! pres5t ,/amp tax8 #aaj-aac4--;a4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,/amp ,act ,congress & ! e>li] ,congress4 b4 ,:at did ! ,/amp ,act ,congress d8 c4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,frankl94 ,:at did ,frankl9 say ab\t ! feel+ 9 ! colonies8 d4 ,expla9 c>efully ! causes :i* l$ to ! repeal ( ! ,/amp ,act4 e4 ,c ! tax+ p[] & ! legislative p[] be sep>at$8 ,:at is ! case to-day 9 y\r own /ate8 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #aad-aaf4--;a4 ,h[ did ,t[n%5d try to raise money8 ,h[ did ?is plan diff] f ! ,/amp tax8 b4 ,:at 0 ! ,massa*usetts ,circul> ,lett]8 ,:y 0 x important8 c4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! seizure ( ! ,lib]ty8 #aag1 #aah4--;a4 ,:at 7 ! ,virg9ia ,resolves ( #agfi8 ,:y 7 !y pass$8 b4 ,:at 7 ! ,non-importation agreem5ts8 c4 ,:at action did ! ,briti% m]*ants take8 ,:at results foll[$8 ,,*apt] #ac #aai1 #abj4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! soldi]s /ation$ at ,new ,york8 ,at ,bo/on8 b4 ,describe ! tr\ble at ,bo/on4 ,:y is x call$ a massacre8 #aba-abc4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! "w ( a ,committee ( ,correspond5ce8 b4 ,:at did ! ,briti% gov]nm5t hope to accompli% 9 ! tea bus9ess8 ,:y did ! coloni/s refuse to buy ! tea8 c4 ,:y 0 ! de/ruction ( ! tea at ,bo/on necess>y8 #abd-abf4--;a4 ,h[ did ,p>liam5t puni% ! coloni/s ( ,massa*usetts & ,bo/on8 ,:i* ( ^! acts 0 mo/ sev]e8 ,:y8 b4 ,:at effect did ^! laws h on ,massa*usetts8 ,on ! o!r colonies8 c4 ,expla9 ! provisions ( ! ,quebec ,act4 d4 ,h[ w\ld ?is act affect ! gr[? ( ! colonies8 #abg-abi4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! object ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress8 b4 ,:y 0 ! ,association s important8 c4 ,h[ 0 ! idea ( ! ,association c>ri$ out8 d4 ,:at gov]nm5t did ! colonies really h8 #acj-acb4--;a4 ,:at is a rebel8 ,7 ! ,massa*usetts coloni/s rebels8 b4 ,describe ,g5]al ,gage's difficulties4 c4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ,gage's attempt to seize ! arms at ,concord8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,arrange1 ) dates1 all ! acts ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t :i* (f5d$ ! coloni/s4 b4 ,arrange1 ) dates1 all ! important /eps :i* l$ t[>d union4 ,:y are ^! /eps important8 c4 ,give ! *ief causes ( ! ,revolution & expla9 :y y select ^!4 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,! e>ly life ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 7,frankl9's ,autobiography74 b4 ,! e>ly life ( ,george ,wa%+ton 7,scudd]'s ,wa%+ton74 c4 ,! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty 7,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce74 d4 ,! ,n9ete5? ( ,april1 #agge 7,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce2 ,loss+'s ,field-,book74 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,?is section is n only ! mo/ important b ! mo/ difficult ( any s f> consid]$4 ,its successful tea*+ requires m prep>ation ?an any e>li] section4 ,! tea*] is advis$ c>efully to p]use ,*ann+'s ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory1 *4 iv1 & to /ate 9 simple1 cle> language1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ideas on repres5tation :i* prevail$ 9 ,engl& & 9 ! colonies4 ,ano!r po9t to make cle> is ! legal supremacy ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! outbreak 0 ha/5$ by ! /upid use ( legal rights :i* ! supremacy ( ,p>liam5t plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,brita9's rul]s1 :o act$ (t5 9 defiance ( ! real public op9ion ( ! mass ( ! inhabitants ( ,great ,brita94 ,v ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce1 #agge-aghc ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce2 ,higg9son's ,l>g] ,hi/ory1 #bdi-bic2 ,mc,master's ,) ! ,fa!rs4 ,home ,read+s4--,scudd]'s ,wa%+ton2 ,holmes's ,gr&mo!r's ,/ory ( ,bunk] ,hill2 ,coop]'s ,lionel ,l9coln 7,bunk] ,hill72 ,coop]'s ,spy 7campaigns ar\nd ,new ,york72 ,coop]'s ,pilot 7! w> on ! sea72 ,drake's ,burgoyne's ,invasion2 ,c(f9's ,boys ( '#gf2 ,abbot's ,blue ,jackets ( '#gf2 ,abbot's ,paul ,jones1 ,loss+'s ,two ,spies4 ,,*apt] #ad ,,bunk] ,,hill ,,to ,,tr5ton ,sid5ote3 ,advantages ( ! ,briti%4 #acc4 ,advantages ( ! ,briti%4--,at fir/ sight x seems z if ! ,am]icans 7 v fooli% to fight ! ,briti%4 ,!re 7 five or six times z _m p 9 ! ,briti% ,isles z !re 7 9 ! cont95tal colonies4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t _h a great /&+ army4 ,! ,am]icans _h no regul> army4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t _h a great navy4 ,! ,am]icans _h no navy4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t _h quantities ( p[d]1 guns1 & clo?+1 :ile ! ,am]icans _h sc>cely any milit>y /ores ( any k9d4 ,inde$1 !re 7 s few guns 9 ! colonies t "o ,briti% (fic] ?\ght if ! few colonial gunsmi?s c\ld be brib$ to g away1 ! ,am]icans w\ld h no guns to fight ) aft] a few mon?s ( w>f>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr& ,,union ,,flag4 ,hoi/$ at ,cambridge1 ,janu>y1 #aggf4 ,! ,briti% ,union & ?irte5 /ripes1 ,sid5ote3 ,advantages ( ! ,am]icans4 #acd4 ,advantages ( ! ,am]icans4--,all ^! ?+s 7 cle>ly aga9/ ! ,am]icans4 ,b !y _h "s advantages on _! side4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,am]ica 0 a long way (f f ,europe4 ,x 0 v difficult & v co/ly to s5d armies to ,am]ica1 & v difficult & v co/ly to fe$ ! soldi]s :5 !y 7 fight+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,am]icans usually f\ght on ! def5sive & ! c\ntry ov] :i* ! armies f\ght 0 made = def5se4 ,9 ,new ,engl& hill succe$$ hill4 ,9 ! ,middle /ates riv] succe$$ riv]4 ,9 ! ,s\? wild]ness succe$$ wild]ness4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! ,am]icans _h _m great soldi]s4 ,wa%+ton1 ,gre5e1 ,arnold1 ,morgan1 & ,wayne 7 bett] soldi]s ?an any 9 ! ,briti% army4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,loyali/s4 #ace4 ,disunion among ! ,am]icans4--,we are apt to ?9k ( ! coloni/s z unit$ 9 ! conte/ ) ! ,briti%4 ,9 reality ! well-to-d1 ! well-born1 & ! well-educat$ coloni/s 7 z a rule oppos$ to indep5d5ce4 ,! oppon5ts ( ! ,revolution 7 /ronge/ 9 ! ,c>ol9as1 & 7 weake/ 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,siege ,,( ,,bo/on4 ,sid5ote3 ,bo/on & neighborhood1 #agge-gf4 ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( ,dor*e/] & ,*>le/[n4 #acf4 ,siege ( ,bo/on4--,x 0 mo/ =tunate t ! ,briti% army 0 at ,bo/on :5 ! w> began1 = ,bo/on 0 ab\t z bad a place = an army z c\ld be f\nd4 ,9 ^? days ,bo/on 0 h>dly m ?an an isl& connect$ ) ! ma9l& by a /rip ( gravel4 ,gage built a =t across ?is /rip ( gr\nd4 ,! ,am]icans c\ld n get 94 ,b !y built a =t at ! l&w>d end1 & ! ,briti% c\ld n get out4 ,on ei!r side ( ,bo/on 0 a simil> p59sula4 ,"o ( ^! 0 call$ ,dor*e/] ,heights2 ! o!r 0 call$ ,*>le/[n4 ,bo? ov]look$ ,bo/on4 ,to hold t t[n1 ,gage mu/ possess bo? ,dor*e/] & ,*>le/[n4 ,if ! ,am]icans c\ld occupy only "o ( ^!1 ! ,briti% w\ld h to ab&on ,bo/on4 ,at almo/ ! same mom5t ,gage made up 8 m9d to seize ,dor*e/]1 & ! ,am]icans det]m9$ to occupy ! ,*>le/[n hills4 ,! ,am]icans mov$ fir/1 & ! fir/ battle 0 f\ght = ! ,*>le/[n hills4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,p[d]-,,horn ,,us$ ,,at ,,bunk] ,,hill4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,bunk] ,hill1 #agge4 ,higg9son1 #ahc-ahh2 ,mc,master1 #abi-acj4 #acg4 ,bunk] ,hill1 ,june #ag1 #agge4--,:5 ! seam5 on ! ,briti% m5-(-w> wak$ up on ! morn+ ( ,june #ag1 ! fir/ ?+ !y saw 0 a r$\bt on ! top ( "o ( ! ,*>le/[n hills4 ,! %ips op5$ fire4 ,b 9 spite ( ! balls ,colonel ,prescott walk$ on ! top ( ! brea/work :ile 8 m5 w5t on digg+4 ,gage s5t ?ree or f\r ?\s& m5 across ! ,*>les ,riv] to ,*>le/[n to drive ! d>+ ,am]icans away4 ,x took ! :ole morn+ to get !m to ,*>le/[n1 & !n !y _h to eat _! d9n]4 ,?is delay gave ! ,am]icans "t to s5d aid to ,prescott4 ,especially w5t ,/>k & 8 ,new ,hamp%ire m51 :o po/$ !mselves beh9d a brea/work ( f5ce rails & hay4 ,at la/ ! ,briti% soldi]s m>*$ to ! attack4 ,:5 !y came )9 good %oot+ di/ance1 ,prescott gave ! ^w to fire4 ,! ,briti% l9e /opp$1 hesitat$1 broke1 & swept back4 ,aga9 ! soldi]s m>*$ to ! attack1 & aga9 !y 7 beat5 back4 ,m soldi]s came f ,bo/on1 & a ?ird "t a ,briti% l9e m>*$ up ! hill4 ,?is "t x c\ld n be /opp$1 = ! ,am]icans _h no m p[d]4 ,!y _h to give up ! hill & escape z well z !y c\ld4 ,"o-half ( ! ,briti% soldi]s actually engag$ 9 ! assaults 7 kill$ or w\nd$4 ,! ,am]icans 7 defeat$4 ,b !y 7 enc\rag$ & 7 will+ to sell ,gage z _m hills z he want$ at ! same price4 ,illu/ration3 ,,facsimile ,,( ,a ,,revolution>y ,,po/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton takes comm& ( ! army1 #agge4 ,higg9son1 #ahh-aic4 ,sid5ote3 ,seizure ( ,ticond]oga & ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,evacuation ( ,bo/on1 #aggf4 #ach4 ,wa%+ton 9 ,comm&1 ,july1 #agge4--,! ,cont95tal ,congress 0 aga9 sitt+ at ,philadelphia4 ,x took *>ge ( ! def5se ( ! colonies4 ,john ,adams nam$ ,wa%+ton = comm&]-9-*ief1 & he 0 elect$4 ,wa%+ton took comm& ( ! army on ,cambridge ,common1 ,july #c1 #agge4 ,he f\nd ev]y?+ 9 confusion4 ,! soldi]s ( "o colony 7 jeal\s ( ! soldi]s ( o!r colonies4 ,(fic]s :o _h n be5 promot$ 7 jeal\s ( ^? :o _h be5 promot$4 ,9 ! w9t] ! army _h to be made ov]4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! p expect$ ,wa%+ton to fight4 ,b he _h n p[d] en\gh = half a battle4 ,at la/ he got supplies 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #agge ,e?an ,all5 & 8 ,gre5 ,m\nta9 ,boys1 ) ! help ( ! p ( we/]n ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut1 _h captur$ ,ticond]oga & ,cr[n ,po9t4 ,^! =ts 7 fill$ ) cannon & /ores left f ! ,fr5* campaigns4 ,"s ( ! cannon 7 n[ dragg$ by ox5 ov] ! sn[ & plac$ 9 ! =ts ar\nd ,bo/on4 ,capta9 ,manley1 ( ! ,massa*usetts navy1 captur$ a ,briti% brig load$ ) p[d]4 ,wa%+ton n[ c\ld attack4 ,he seiz$ & held ,dor*e/] ,heights4 ,! ,briti% c\ld no long] /ay 9 ,bo/on4 ,!y w5t on bo>d _! %ips & sail$ away 7,m>*1 #aggf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,site ,,( ,,ticond]oga4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,canada exp$ition1 #agge-gf4 ,sid5ote3 ,assault on ,quebec4 #aci4 ,invasion ( ,canada1 #agge-gf4--,:ile ! siege ( ,bo/on 0 go+ on1 ! ,am]icans und]took ! invasion ( ,canada4 ,!re 7 v few regul> soldi]s 9 ,canada 9 #agge1 & ! ,canadians 7 n likely to fight v h>d = _! ,briti% ma/]s4 ,s ! lead]s 9 ,congress ?\ght t if an ,am]ican =ce %\ld sudd5ly appe> be=e ,quebec1 ! t[n might surr5d]4 ,montgom]y1 ) a small army1 0 s5t to capture ,montreal & !n to m>* d[n ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ,quebec4 ,b5$ict ,arnold l$ ano!r =ce ?r\gh ! ,ma9e woods4 ,aft] trem5d\s ex]tions & t]rible suff]+s he rea*$ ,quebec4 ,b ! g>rison _h be5 w>n$ ( 8 com+4 ,he blockad$ ! t[n & wait$ = ,montgom]y4 ,! g>rison 0 con/antly increas$1 = ,arnold 0 n /rong en\gh fully to blockade ! t[n4 ,at la/ ,montgom]y arriv$4 ,at night1 amid/ a t]rible sn[/orm1 ,montgom]y & ,arnold l$ _! brave foll[]s to ! attack4 ,!y 7 beat5 back ) cruel loss4 ,montgom]y 0 kill$1 & ,arnold 0 sev]ely w\nd$4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aggf ! survivors ( ?is little b& ( h]oes 7 rescu$--at ! co/ ( ! lives ( five ?\s& ,am]ican soldi]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arnold',s ,,m>*4 ,sid5ote3 ,/r5g? ( ,*>le/on4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,m\ltrie4 ,sid5ote3 ,attack on ,=t ,m\ltrie1 #aggf4 ,sid5ote3 ,success ( ! def5se #adj4 ,briti% ,attack on ,*>le/on1 #aggf4--;,9 ,june #aggf a ,briti% fleet & army made an attack on ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?is t[n has nev] be5 tak5 by attack f ! sea4 ,s& b>s gu>d ! entrance ( ! h>bor & ! *annels ?r\gh ^! %oals lead directly to ! end ( ,sullivan's ,isl&4 ,at t po9t ! ,am]icans built a =t ( palmetto logs & s&4 ,g5]al ,m\ltrie comm&$ at ! =t & x 0 nam$ 9 8 honor1 ,=t ,m\ltrie4 ,! ,briti% fleet sail$ boldly 91 b ! balls f ! %ips' guns 7 /opp$ by ! s(t palmetto logs4 ,at "o "t ! flag 0 %ot away & fell d[n outside ! =t4 ,b ,s]geant ,jasp] ru%$ out1 seiz$ ! brok5 /aff1 & aga9 set x up on ! ramp>t4 ,meantime1 ,g5]al ,cl9ton _h l&$ on an isl& & 0 try+ to cross ) 8 soldi]s to ! fur!r end ( ,sullivan's ,isl&4 ,b ! wat] 0 at fir/ too %oal = ! boats4 ,! soldi]s jump$ ov]bo>d to wade4 ,sudd5ly ! wat] deep5$1 & !y _h to jump abo>d to save !mselves f dr[n+4 ,all ?is "t ,am]icans 7 fir+ at !m f ! bea*4 ,g5]al ,cl9ton ord]$ a retreat4 ,! fleet also sail$ out--all t c\ld get away--& ! :ole exp$ition 0 ab&on$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,m\ltrie4 ,sid5ote3 ,def5se ( ,new ,york1 #aggf4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,long ,isl&1 #aggf4 ,sid5ote3 ,escape ( ! ,am]icans4 #ada4 ,long ,isl& & ,brooklyn ,heights1 #aggf4--,! v day t ! ,briti% left ,bo/on1 ,wa%+ton ord]$ five regim5ts to ,new ,york4 ,= he well knew t city w\ld be ! next po9t ( attack4 ,b he ne$ n h be5 9 su* a hurry4 ,g5]al ,h[e1 ! new ,briti% comm&]-9-*ief1 sail$ fir/ to ,halifax & did n beg9 ! campaign 9 ,new ,york until ! end ( ,augu/4 ,he !n l&$ 8 soldi]s on ,long ,isl& & prep>$ to drive ! ,am]icans away4 ,m>*+ 9 a r\nd-ab\t way1 he cut ! ,am]ican army 9 two & captur$ "o "p ( x4 ,?is br\ght him to ! foot ( ,brooklyn ,heights4 ,on ! top 0 a =t4 ,probably ,h[e c\ld easily h captur$ x4 ,b he _h l$ 9 ! field at ,bunk] ,hill & _h _h en\gh ( attack+ =ts def5d$ by ,am]icans4 ,s he /opp$ 8 soldi]s--) "s difficulty4 ,t night ! w9d blew a gale1 & ! next day 0 foggy4 ,! ,briti% fleet c\ld n sail into ! ,ea/ ,riv]4 ,skillful fi%]m5 safely f]ri$ ! re/ ( ! ,am]ican army across to ,new ,york4 ,:5 at l5g? ! ,briti% m>*$ to ! attack1 !re 0 no "o left 9 ! =t on ,brooklyn ,heights4 ,sid5ote3 ,retreat f ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton crosses ! ,delaw>e4 #adb4 ,f ! ,hudson to ! ,delaw>e1 #aggf4--;,ev5 n[ ) 8 spl5did fleet & great army ,h[e c\ld h captur$ ! ,am]icans4 ,b he delay$ s long t ,wa%+ton got away 9 safety4 ,wa%+ton's army 0 n[ fa/ break+ up4 ,soldi]s des]t$ by ! hundr$s4 ,a sev]e action at ,:ite ,pla9s only delay$ ! ,briti% advance4 ,! fall ( ,=t ,wa%+ton on ! end ( ,manhattan ,isl& de/roy$ all hope ( hold+ any?+ ne> ,new ,york4 ,wa%+ton s5t "o "p ( 8 army to secure ! ,highl&s ( ! ,hudson4 ,) ! o!r "p he retir$ across ,new ,j]sey to ! s\!rn side ( ! ,delaw>e ,riv]4 ,! end ( ! w> seem$ to be 9 sight4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aggf1 ,congress gave ! sole direction ( ! w> to ,wa%+ton & !n left ,philadelphia = a place ( great] safety4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,tr5ton1 #aggf4 ,higg9son1 #bjc2 ,h]o ,tales1 #de-ee #adc4 ,tr5ton1 ,decemb] #bf1 #aggf4--,wa%+ton did n give up4 ,on ,*ri/mas night1 #aggf1 he cross$ ! ,delaw>e ) a division ( 8 army4 ,a viol5t sn[/orm 0 rag+1 ! riv] 0 full ( ice4 ,b ,wa%+ton 0 !re 9 p]son1 & ! soldi]s cross$4 ,!n ! /orm *ang$ to sleet & ra94 ,b on ! soldi]s m>*$4 ,:5 ! ,hessian g>rison at ,tr5ton look$ ab\t !m next morn+ !y saw t ,wa%+ton & ,gre5e held ! roads lead+ inl& f ! t[n4 ,/>k & a few soldi]s--among !m ,james ,monroe--held ! bridge lead+ ov] ! ,assanp9k to ! next ,briti% po/4 ,a few horsem5 escap$ be=e ,/>k c\ld prev5t !m4 ,b all ! foot soldi]s 7 kill$ or captur$4 ,a few days lat] ne>ly "o ?\s& prison]s m>*$ ?r\gh ,philadelphia4 ,!y 7 ,g]mans1 :o _h be5 sold by _! rul]s to ,brita9's k+ to fight 8 battles4 ,!y 7 call$ ,hessians by ! ,am]icans because mo/ ( !m came f ! little ,g]man /ate ( ,hesse ,cassel4 ,illu/ration3 ,battle ( ,tr5ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,battle ( ,pr9ceton4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,pr9ceton1 #aggg4 ,s\rce-,book1 #adi-aea4 #add4 ,pr9ceton1 ,janu>y1 #aggg4--,tr5ton sav$ ! ,revolution by giv+ ! ,am]icans r5ew$ c\rage4 ,g5]al ,h[e s5t ,"l ,cornwallis ) a /rong =ce to de/roy ! ,am]icans4 ,wa%+ton ) ! ma9 "p ( 8 army 0 n[ encamp$ on ! s\!rn side ( ! ,assanp9k4 ,cornwallis 0 on ! o!r bank at ,tr5ton4 ,leav+ a few m5 to keep up ! campfires1 & to ?r[ up a slight =t by ! bridge ov] ! /ream1 ,wa%+ton l$ 8 army away by night t[>d ,pr9ceton4 ,!re he f\nd sev]al regim5ts ha/5+ to ,cornwallis4 ,he drove !m away & l$ 8 army to ! highl&s ( ,new ,j]sey :]e he w\ld be free f attack4 ,! ,briti% ab&on$ ne>ly all _! po/s 9 ,new ,j]sey & retir$ to ,new ,york4 ,,*apt] #ae ,,! ,,great ,,decl>ation ,,& ,,! ,,fr5* ,,alliance ,sid5ote3 ,ris+ _s ( indep5d5ce1 #agge-gf4 #ade4 ,gr[? ( ! ,_s ( ,indep5d5ce4--,! ye> #aggf is ev5 m to be rememb]$ = ! do+s ( ,congress ?an x is = ! do+s ( ! soldi]s4 ,! coloni/s lov$ ,engl&4 ,!y spoke ( x z home4 ,!y 7 pr\d ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,briti% empire1 & glad to belong to x4 ,b _! feel+s rapidly *ang$ :5 ! ,briti% gov]nm5t decl>$ !m to be rebels1 made w> ^u !m1 & hir$ =eign soldi]s to kill !m4 ,!y c\ld no long] be subjects ( ,george ,,iii4 ,t 0 cle> en\gh4 ,!y det]m9$ to decl>e !mselves to be indep5d5t4 ,virg9ia l$ 9 ?is movem5t1 & ! *airman ( ! ,virg9ia delegation mov$ a resolution ( indep5d5ce4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$ to draw up a decl>ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,flag4 ,adopt$ by ,congress 9 #aggg4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,great ,decl>ation1 adopt$ ,july #d1 #aggf4 ,higg9son1 #aid-bja2 ,mc,master1 #aca-ace2 ,s\rce-,book1 #adg-adi4 ,sid5ote3 ,sign+ ( ! ,decl>ation1 ,augu/ #b1 #aggf4 #adf4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,july #d1 #aggf4--,! mo/ important memb]s ( ?is committee 7 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,john ,adams1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,( ^! ,jeff]son 0 ! y\nge/1 & ! lea/ kn[n4 ,b he _h already drawn up a rem>kable pap] call$ ,a ,summ>y ,view ( ! ,rights ( ,briti% ,am]ica4 ,! o!rs ask$ him to write out a decl>ation4 ,he sat d[n )\t book or notes ( any k9d1 & wrote out ! ,great ,decl>ation 9 almo/ ! same =m 9 :i* x n[ /&s4 ,! o!r memb]s ( ! committee propos$ a few *anges1 & !n report$ ! decl>ation to ,congress4 ,!re 0 a fi]ce debate 9 ,congress ov] ! adoption ( ! ,virg9ia resolution = indep5d5ce4 ,b f9ally x 0 adopt$4 ,congress !n exam9$ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce z report$ by ! committee4 ,x made a few *anges 9 ! words & /ruck out a clause condemn+ ! slave-trade4 ,! fir/ p>agraph ( ! ,decl>ation conta9s a %ort1 cle> /atem5t ( ! basis ( ! ,am]ican sy/em ( gov]nm5t4 ,x %\ld be le>n$ by he>t by e ,am]ican boy & girl1 & always kept 9 m9d4 ,! ,decl>ation 0 adopt$ on ,july #d1 #aggf4 ,a few copies 7 pr9t$ on ,july #e1 ) ! signatures ( ,john ,hancock & ,*>les ,?ompson1 presid5t & secret>y ( ,congress4 ,on ,augu/ #b1 #aggf1 ! ,decl>ation 0 sign$ by ! memb]s ( ,congress4 ,illu/ration3 ,battle ( ,br&yw9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,br&yw9e #aggg4 ,mc,master1 #acg-ach4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,g]mant[n1 #aggg4 #adg4 ,! ,loss ( ,philadelphia1 #aggg4--;,= "s mon?s aft] ! battle ( ,pr9ceton !re 0 little fight+4 ,b 9 ! summ] ( #aggg1 ,h[e set out to capture ,philadelphia4 ,in/ead ( m>*+ across ,new ,j]sey1 he plac$ 8 army on bo>d %ips1 & sail$ to ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,z soon z ,wa%+ton le>n$ :at ,h[e 0 ab\t1 he m>*$ to ,*ad's ,=d1 :]e ! road f ,*esapeake ,bay to ,philadelphia cross$ ,br&yw9e ,creek4 ,h[e mov$ 8 m5 z if ab\t to attempt to cross ! =d4 ,meantime he s5t ,cornwallis ) a /rong =ce to cross ! creek high] up4 ,cornwallis surpris$ ! "r w+ ( ! ,am]ican army1 drove x back1 & ,wa%+ton 0 compell$ to retreat4 ,h[e occupi$ ,philadelphia & captur$ ! =ts bel[ ! city4 ,wa%+ton tri$ to surprise a "p ( ! ,briti% army :i* 0 po/$ at ,g]mant[n4 ,b accid5ts & mi/ int]f]$4 ,! ,am]icans !n retir$ to ,valley ,=ge--a /rong place 9 ! hills n f> f ,philadelphia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! army at ,valley ,=ge1 #aggg-gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,glori\s ,,wa%+ton & ,,gates4 ,,f ,,title-,,page ,,( ,,an ,,almanac ,,( #aggh4 ,to %[ condition ( wood-engrav+ 9 ! ,revolution>y era4 ,sid5ote3 ,b>on ,/eub54 #adh4 ,! ,army at ,valley ,=ge1 #aggg-gh4--,! suff]+s ( ! soldi]s dur+ ! foll[+ w9t] c nev] be ov]/at$4 ,!y seldom _h m ?an half en\gh to eat4 ,_! clo!s 7 9 rags4 ,_m ( !m _h no blankets4 ,_m m _h no %oes4 ,wa%+ton did all he c\ld d = !m4 ,b ,congress _h no money & c\ld n get any4 ,at ,valley ,=ge ! soldi]s 7 drill$ by ,b>on ,/eub51 a ,prussian vet]an4 ,! army took ! field 9 #aggh1 weak 9 numb]s & poorly clad4 ,b :at soldi]s !re 7 7 z good z any soldi]s to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,dur+ t w9t]1 also1 an attempt 0 made to dismiss ,wa%+ton f *ief comm&1 & to give 8 place to ,g5]al ,gates4 ,b ?is attempt end$ 9 failure4 ,sid5ote3 ,burgoyne's campaign1 #aggg4 ,eggle/on1 #agh-agi2 ,mc,master1 #aci-adj2 ,s\rce-,book1 #aed-aeg4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*uyl] & ,gates4 #adi4 ,burgoyne's ,m>* to ,s>atoga1 #aggg4--,:ile ,h[e 0 m>*+ to ,philadelphia1 ,g5]al ,burgoyne 0 m>*+ s\?w>d f ,canada4 ,x _h be5 int5d$ t ,burgoyne & ,h[e %\ld seize ! l9e ( ! ,hudson & cut ,new ,engl& (f f ! o!r /ates4 ,b ! ord]s rea*$ ,h[e too late1 & he w5t s\?w>d to ,philadelphia4 ,burgoyne1 on 8 "p1 0 fairly successful at fir/1 = ! ,am]icans ab&on$ po/ aft] po/4 ,b :5 he rea*$ ! s\!rn end ( ,lake ,*ampla91 & />t$ on 8 m>* to ! ,hudson1 8 tr\bles began4 ,! way ran ?r\gh a wild]ness4 ,g5]al ,s*uyl] _h _h trees cut d[n across its woodl& pa?s & _h done 8 "w s well t x took ,burgoyne ab\t a day to m>* a mile & a half4 ,?is gave ! ,am]icans "t to ga!r f all qu>t]s & b> 8 s\?w>d way4 ,b _m ( ! soldi]s _h no fai? 9 ,s*uyl] & ,congress gave ! comm& to ,g5]al ,horatio ,gates4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,b5n+ton1 #aggg4 ,h]o ,tales1 #ei-fg4 #aej4 ,b5n+ton1 #aggg4--;,burgoyne _h ) him _m cavalrym54 ,b !y _h no horses4 ,! army1 too1 0 sadly 9 ne$ ( food4 ,s ,burgoyne s5t a =ce ( dism\nt$ dragoons to ,b5n+ton 9 s\!rn ,v]mont to seize horses & food4 ,x happ5$1 h[ev]1 t ,g5]al ,/>k1 ) soldi]s f ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1 & we/]n ,massa*usetts1 0 ne>] ,b5n+ton ?an ,burgoyne suppos$4 ,!y kill$ or captur$ all ! ,briti% soldi]s4 ,!y !n drove back ) great loss a second p>ty :i* ,burgoyne _h s5t to support ! fir/ "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,oriskany1 #aggg4 #aea4 ,oriskany1 #aggg4--,meantime ,/4 ,leg]1 ) a l>ge body ( ,indians & ,canadian fronti]sm51 0 m>*+ to jo9 ,burgoyne by ! way ( ,lake ,ont>io & ! ,mohawk ,valley4 ,ne> ! site ( ! pres5t city ( ,rome 9 ,new ,york 0 ,=t ,s*uyl]1 g>rison$ by an ,am]ican =ce4 ,/4 ,leg] /opp$ to besiege ?is =t4 ,! settl]s on ! ,mohawk m>*$ to relieve ! g>rison & ,/4 ,leg] defeat$ !m at ,oriskany4 ,b 8 ,indians n[ grew tir$ ( ! siege1 especially :5 !y he>d t ,arnold ) a /rong army 0 com+4 ,/4 ,leg] m>*$ back to ,canada & left ,burgoyne to 8 fate4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ battle ( ,freeman's ,f>m1 #aggg4 ,sid5ote3 ,second battle ( ,freeman's ,f>m1 #aggg4 ,sid5ote3 ,surr5d] ( ! ,briti% at ,s>atoga1 #aggg4 #aeb4 ,s>atoga1 #aggg4--,m>*+ s\?w>d1 on ! we/]n side ( ! ,hudson1 ,burgoyne & 8 army came ^u ! ,am]icans 9 a =e/ cle>+ call$ ,freeman's ,f>m4 ,l$ by ,daniel ,morgan & ,b5$ict ,arnold ! ,am]icans f\ght s h>d t ,burgoyne /opp$ :]e he 0 & =tifi$ ! position4 ,?is 0 on ,septemb] #ai4 ,! ,am]ican army po/$ itself ne> by on ,bemis' ,heights4 ,= weeks ! two armies fac$ ea* o!r4 ,!n1 on ,octob] #g1 ! ,am]icans attack$4 ,aga9 ,arnold l$ 8 m5 to victory4 ,!y captur$ a =t 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,briti% l9e1 & ,burgoyne 0 oblig$ to retreat4 ,b :5 he rea*$ ! cross+ place ( ! ,hudson1 to 8 dismay he f\nd a /rong body ( ,new ,engl&]s ) artill]y on ! opposite bank4 ,gates _h foll[$ ! retir+ ,briti%1 & soon ,burgoyne 0 practically surr\nd$4 ,8 m5 7 />v+1 & on ,octob] #ag he surr5d]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,treaty ( ,alliance1 #aggh4 #aec4 ,! ,fr5* ,alliance1 #aggh4--;,burgoyne's defeat made ! ,fr5* ?9k t ! ,am]icans w\ld w9 _! indep5d5ce4 ,s ,dr4 ,frankl91 :o 0 at ,p>is1 0 told t ,france w\ld recognize ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld make treaties ) ! new nation1 & give aid op5ly4 ,great ,brita9 at once decl>$ w> on ,france4 ,! ,fr5* l5t l>ge sums ( money to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y s5t l>ge armies & spl5did fleets to ,am]ica4 ,_! aid greatly %ort5$ ! /ruggle = indep5d5ce4 ,b ! ,am]icans w\ld probably h won )\t ,fr5* aid4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% leave ,philadelphia #aggh4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,monm\?1 #aggh4 #aed4 ,monm\?1 #aggh4--,! fir/ result ( ! ,fr5* alliance 0 ! retreat ( ! ,briti% f ,philadelphia to ,new ,york4 ,z ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton1 ! new ,briti% comm&]1 l$ 8 army across ! ,j]seys1 ,wa%+ton det]m9$ to /rike x a bl[4 ,?is he did ne> ,monm\?4 ,! attack 0 a failure1 ow+ to ! treason ( ,g5]al ,*>les ,lee1 :o l$ ! advance4 ,wa%+ton rea*$ ! front only 9 "t to prev5t a dreadful disa/]4 ,b he c\ld n br+ ab\t victory1 & ,cl9ton seiz$ ! fir/ mom5t to cont9ue 8 m>* to ,new ,york4 ,!re 7 o!r exp$itions & battles 9 ! ,nor?4 ,b none ( ^! _h any important effect on ! outcome ( ! w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,cl>k's ,campaign #aggg-aggh ,sid5ote3 ,cl>k's conque/ ( ! ,nor?we/1 #aggh-gi4 ,h]o ,tales1 #ca-da4 #aee4 ,cl>k's ,we/]n ,campaign1 #aggh-gi4--,! ,virg9ians _h long tak5 great int]e/ 9 ! we/]n c\ntry4 ,_! h>dy pione]s _h cross$ ! m\nta9s & begun ! settlem5t ( ,k5tucky4 ,! ,virg9ians n[ det]m9$ to conqu] ! ,briti% po/s 9 ! c\ntry nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio4 ,! comm& 0 giv5 to ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k4 ,ga!r+ a /rong b& ( h>dy fronti]sm5 he set out on 8 dang]\s exp$ition4 ,he seiz$ ! po/s 9 ,ill9ois1 & ,v9c5nes surr5d]$ to him4 ,!n ! ,briti% gov]nor ( ! ,nor?we/ came f ,detroit ) a l>ge =ce & recaptur$ ,v9c5nes4 ,cl>k set out f ,ill9ois to surprise ! ,briti%4 ,x 0 ! middle ( ! w9t]4 ,9 "s places ! sn[ lay deep on ! gr\nd4 ,!n came ! e>ly floods4 ,= days ! ,am]icans m>*$ 9 wat] up to _! wai/s4 ,at night !y s\ght "s little hill :]e !y c\ld sleep on dry gr\nd4 ,!n on aga9 ?r\gh ! flood4 ,!y surpris$ ! ,briti% g>rison at ,v9c5nes & =c$ x to surr5d]4 ,t 0 ! end ( ! conte/ = ! ,nor?we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,we/ ,,po9t ,,9 #agij4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5$ict ,arnold4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 treason1 #aghj ,higg9son1 #bji-baa2 ,mc,master1 #add #aef4 ,arnold & ,&r1 #aghj4--,( all ! lead]s "u ,wa%+ton none 0 abl] 9 battle ?an ,b5$ict ,arnold4 ,unhappily he 0 always 9 tr\ble ab\t money4 ,he 0 di/ru/$ by ,congress & 0 n promot$4 ,at ,s>atoga he qu>rell$ ) ,gates & 0 dismiss$ f 8 comm&4 ,lat] he became milit>y gov]nor ( ,philadelphia & 0 c5sur$ by ,wa%+ton = 8 do+s !re4 ,he !n secur$ ! comm& ( ,we/ ,po9t & (f]$ to surr5d] ! po/ to ! ,briti%4 ,major ,&r1 ( ,cl9ton's /aff1 met ,arnold to arrange ! f9al details4 ,on 8 return j\rney to ,new ,york ,&r 0 arre/$ & tak5 be=e ,wa%+ton4 ,! ,am]ican comm&] ask$ 8 g5]als if ,&r 0 a spy4 ,!y repli$ t ,&r 0 a spy1 & he 0 hang$4 ,arnold escap$ to ,new ,york & became a g5]al 9 ! ,briti% army4 ,,*apt] #af ,,indep5d5ce ,sid5ote3 ,invasion ( ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,*>le/on1 #aghj4 #aeg4 ,fall ( ,*>le/on1 #aghj4--;,x seem$ q c]ta9 t ,cl9ton c\ld n conqu] ! ,nor!rn /ates ) ! =ces giv5 him4 ,9 ! ,s\? !re 7 _m loyali/s4 ,resi/ance might n be s /iff !re4 ,at all ev5ts ,cl9ton decid$ to attempt ! conque/ ( ! ,s\?4 ,savannah 0 easily seiz$ 7#aggh71 & ! ,fr5* & ,am]icans c\ld n retake x 7#aggi74 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aghj1 ,cl9ton1 ) a l>ge army1 l&$ on ! coa/ betwe5 ,savannah & ,*>le/on4 ,he m>*$ ov]l& to ,*>le/on & besieg$ x f ! l& side4 ,! ,am]icans held out = a long "t4 ,b !y 7 f9ally =c$ to surr5d]4 ,cl9ton !n sail$ back to ,new ,york1 & left to ,"l ,cornwallis ! fur!r conque/ ( ! ,c>ol9as4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,camd51 #aghj4 #aeh4 ,gates's ,defeat at ,camd51 #aghj4--;,cornwallis _h little tr\ble 9 occupy+ ! great] "p ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,!re 0 no "o to oppose him1 = ! ,am]ican army _h be5 captur$ ) ,*>le/on4 ,ano!r small army 0 got toge!r 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ! comm& giv5 to ,gates1 ! victor at ,s>atoga4 ,"o night bo? ,gates & ,cornwallis set out to attack ! o!r's camp4 ,! two armies met at daybreak1 ! ,briti% hav+ ! be/ position4 ,b ?is really made little diff]5ce1 = ,gates's ,virg9ia militiam5 ran away be=e ! ,briti% came )9 fight+ di/ance4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a militia foll[$ ! ,virg9ians4 ,only ! regul>s f ,m>yl& & ,delaw>e 7 left4 ,!y f\ght on l h]oes until _! lead]1 ,g5]al ,john ,de ,kalb1 fell ) sev5te5 w\nds4 ,!n ! survivors surr5d]$4 ,gates himself _h be5 c>ri$ f> to ! re> by ! ru% ( ! flee+ militia4 ,battle ( ,k+'s ,m\nta91 #aghj4 ,h]o ,tales1 #ga-gh4 #aei4 ,k+'s ,m\nta91 ,octob]1 #aghj4--;,cornwallis n[ ?\ght t resi/ance surely 0 at an end4 ,he s5t an exp$ition to ! settlem5ts on ! l[] slopes ( ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s to get recruits1 = !re 7 _m loyali/s 9 t region4 ,sudd5ly f ! m\nta9s & f ! settlem5ts 9 ,t5nessee rode a body ( arm$ fronti]sm54 ,!y f\nd ! ,briti% soldi]s encamp$ on ! top ( ,k+'s ,m\nta94 ,9 ab\t an h\r !y _h kill$ or captur$ e ,briti% soldi]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,campaigns4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,gre5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,morgan's victory ( ! ,c[p5s1 #agha4 #afj4 ,! ,c[p5s1 #agha4--;,g5]al ,gre5e 0 n[ s5t to ! ,s\? to take *>ge ( ! resi/ance to ,cornwallis4 ,a great soldi] & a great organiz] ,gre5e f\nd t he ne$$ all 8 abilities4 ,8 com+ gave new _s to ! survivors ( ,gates's army4 ,he ga!r$ militia f all directions & m>*$ t[>d ,cornwallis4 ,divid+ 8 army into two p>ts1 he s5t ,g5]al ,daniel ,morgan to ?reat5 ,cornwallis f "o direction1 :ile he ?reat5$ him f ano!r direction4 ,cornwallis at once became uneasy & s5t ,t>leton to drive ,morgan away1 b ! h]o ( _m h>d-f\ght battles 0 n easily fright5$4 ,he drew up 8 little =ce s skillfully t 9 a v few m9utes ! ,briti% 7 ne>ly all kill$ or captur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,morgan ,,! ,,h]o ,,( ,,c[p5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,gre5e's retreat4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,battle ( ,guil=d1 #agha4 #afa4 ,! ,guil=d ,campaign1 #agha4--;,cornwallis n[ made a desp]ate attempt to capture ! ,am]icans1 b ,gre5e & ,morgan jo9$ =ces & m>*$ diagonally across ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,cornwallis foll[$ s closely t frequ5tly ! two armies seem$ to be "o4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! riv] ,dan 0 rea*$1 !re 0 an end ( m>*+1 = ,gre5e _h caus$ all ! boats to be collect$ at "o spot4 ,8 m5 cross$ & kept ! boats on _! side ( ! riv]4 ,soon ,gre5e f\nd himself /rong en\gh to cross ! riv] aga9 to ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,he took up a v /rong position ne> ,guil=d ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,cornwallis attack$4 ,! ,am]icans made a spl5did def5se be=e ,gre5e ord]$ a retreat1 & ! ,briti% won ! battle ( ,guil=d4 ,b _! loss 0 s great t ano!r victory ( ! same k9d w\ld h de/roy$ ! ,briti% army4 ,z x 01 ,gre5e _h dealt x su* a bl[ t ,cornwallis left 8 w\nd$ at ,guil=d & set out z fa/ z he c\ld = ! seacoa/4 ,gre5e pursu$ him = "s di/ance & !n m>*$ s\?w>d to ,camd54 ,sid5ote3 ,gre5e's lat] campaigns1 #ahga-hc4 #afb4 ,gre5e's ,lat] ,campaigns4--,at ,hobkirk's ,hill1 ne> ,camd51 ! ,briti% soldi]s :o _h be5 left beh9d by ,cornwallis attack$ ,gre5e4 ,b he beat !m (f & began ! siege ( a =t on ! fronti] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,briti% !n m>*$ up f ,*>le/on1 & ,gre5e _h to fall back4 ,!n ! ,briti% m>*$ back to ,*>le/on & ab&on$ ! int]ior ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a to ! ,am]icans4 ,!re 0 only "o m battle 9 ! ,s\?--at ,eutaw ,spr+s4 ,gre5e 0 defeat$ !re1 too1 b ! ,briti% ab&on$ ! re/ ( ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia ) ! exception ( ,savannah & ,*>le/on4 ,9 ^! wond]ful campaigns ) a few good soldi]s ,gre5e _h =c$ ! ,briti% f ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,he _h lo/ e battle4 ,he _h won e campaign4 ,sid5ote3 ,lafayette & ,cornwallis1 #agha4 #afc4 ,cornwallis 9 ,virg9ia1 #agha4--,!re 7 already two small armies 9 ,virg9ia1--! ,briti% "u ,arnold1 ! ,am]icans "u ,lafayette4 ,cornwallis n[ m>*$ nor?w>d f ,wilm+ton & add$ ! troops 9 ,virg9ia to 8 own =ce2 ,arnold he s5t to ,new ,york4 ,cornwallis !n set out to capture ,lafayette & 8 m54 ,toge!r !y m>*$ f salt wat] across ,virg9ia to ! m\nta9s--& !n !y m>*$ back to salt wat] aga94 ,cornwallis _h call$ ,lafayette ! boy & _h decl>$ t ! boy %\ld n escape him4 ,f9ally ,cornwallis =tifi$ ,yorkt[n1 & ,lafayette settl$ d[n at ,williamsburg4 ,& !re !y /ill 7 9 ,septemb]1 #agha4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* at ,newport1 #aghj4 ,sid5ote3 ,plans ( ! allies1 #agha4 #afd4 ,plans ( ! ,allies4--,9 #aghj ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t _h s5t ov] a /rong army "u ,ro*ambeau4 ,x 0 l&$ at ,newport4 ,x rema9$ !re a ye> to protect ! vessels 9 :i* x _h come f ,france f capture by a /rong] ,briti% fleet t _h at once appe>$ (f ! m\? ( ! h>bor4 ,ano!r ,fr5* fleet & ano!r ,fr5* army 7 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,9 ! summ] ( #agha x became possible to unite all ^! ,fr5* =ces1 & ) ! ,am]icans to /rike a cru%+ bl[ at ! ,briti%4 ,j at ?is mom5t ,cornwallis %ut himself up 9 ,yorkt[n1 & x 0 det]m9$ to besiege him !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #aghc4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,siege ( ,yorkt[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m>* to ! ,*esapeake4 ,sid5ote3 ,combat betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ! ,briti% fleets4 ,surr5d] ( ,yorkt[n1 ,octob] #ai1 #agha4 ,higg9son1 #baa-bab4 #afe4 ,yorkt[n1 ,septemb]-,octob]1 #agha4--,ro*ambeau l$ 8 m5 to ,new ,york & jo9$ ! ma9 ,am]ican army4 ,wa%+ton n[ took comm& ( ! alli$ =ces4 ,he pret5d$ t he 0 ab\t to attack ,new ,york & deceiv$ ,cl9ton s completely t ,cl9ton ord]$ ,cornwallis to s5d "s ( 8 soldi]s to ,new ,york4 ,b ! allies 7 m>*+ s\?w>d ?r\gh ,philadelphia be=e ,cl9ton realiz$ :at !y 7 ab\t4 ,! ,fr5* ,we/ ,india fleet "u ,de ,grasse rea*$ "o end ( ! ,*esapeake ,bay at ! same "t ! allies rea*$ ! o!r end4 ,! ,briti% fleet attack$ x & 0 beat5 (f4 ,!re 0 n[ no hope = ,cornwallis4 ,no help c\ld rea* him by sea4 ,! soldi]s ( ! allies outnumb]$ him two to "o4 ,on ,octob] #ag1 #agha1 f\r ye>s to a day s9ce ! surr5d] ( ,burgoyne1 a drumm] boy appe>$ on ! ramp>t ( ,yorkt[n & beat a p>ley4 ,two days lat] ! ,briti% soldi]s m>*$ out to ! good old ,briti% tune ( ,! _w turn$ upside d[n1 & laid d[n _! arms4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,peace1 #aghc4 #aff4 ,treaty ( ,peace1 #aghc4--,?is disa/] put an end to ,briti% hopes ( conqu]+ ,am]ica4 ,b x 0 n until ,septemb]1 #aghc1 t ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,john ,adams1 & ,john ,jay br\ght ! negotiations = peace to an end4 ,great ,brita9 ackn[l$g$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 def9$ z ext5d+ f ! ,great ,lakes to ! ?irty-fir/ p>allel ( latitude & f ! ,atlantic to ! ,mississippi4 ,spa9 _h jo9$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,france 9 ! w>4 ,spani% soldi]s _h conqu]$ ,florida1 & ,spa9 kept ,florida at ! peace4 ,9 ?is way ,spani% ,florida & ,l\isiana surr\nd$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! s\? & ! we/4 ,briti% t]ritory b\nd$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! nor? & ! nor!a/4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #ad #acd-acf4--;a4 ,comp>e ! advantages ( ! ,briti% & ! ,am]icans4 ,:i* side _h ! great] advantages8 b4 ,expla9 ! influ5ce ( geographical surr\nd+s ^u ! w>4 c4 ,:y 7 !re s _m loyali/s8 #acg-aci4--;a4 ,mold or draw a map ( ,bo/on & vic9ity & expla9 by x ! important po9ts ( ! siege4 b4 ,:o won ! battle ( ,bunk] ,hill8 ,:at 7 ! effects ( ! battle ^u ! ,am]icans8 ,^u ! ,briti%8 c4 ,:y 0 ,wa%+ton appo9t$ to *ief comm&8 d4 ,:at 7 ! effects ( ! seizure ( ,ticond]oga on ! siege ( ,bo/on8 #adj1 #ada4--;a4 ,:y did ,congress det]m9e to attack ,canada8 b4 ,foll[ ! r\tes ( ! two invad+ armies4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! exp$ition8 c4 ,describe ! h>bor ( ,*>le/on4 ,:y did ! ,briti% attack at ?is po9t8 d4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ?is exp$ition8 #adb1 #adc4--;a4 ,:at advantage w\ld ! occupation ( ,new ,york give ! ,briti%8 b4 ,describe ! ,long ,isl& campaign4 c4 ,:y did ,congress give ,wa%+ton sole direction ( ! w>8 ,:o _h direct$ ! w> be=e8 #add1 #ade4--;a4 ,describe ! battle ( ,tr5ton4 ,:y is x memorable8 b4 ,:o 7 ! ,hessians8 c4 ,at ! close ( ,janu>y1 #aggg1 :at places 7 held by ! ,briti%8 ,,*apt] #ae #adf1 #adg4--;a4 ,:at _h be5 ! feel+ ( mo/ ( ! coloni/s t[>d ,engl&8 ,:y _h ?is feel+ *ang$8 b4 ,:y 0 ,jeff]son ask$ to write ! ,decl>ation8 c4 ,:at great *ange 0 made by ,congress 9 ! ,decl>ation8 ,:y8 d4 ,:at tru?s are decl>$ to be self-evid5t8 ,are !y /ill self-evid5t8 e4 ,:at is decl>$ to be ! basis ( gov]nm5t8 ,is x /ill ! basis ( gov]nm5t8 f4 ,:5 0 ! ,decl>ation adopt$8 ,:5 sign$8 #adh1 #adi4--;a4 ,describe ,h[e's campaign ( #aggg4 b4 ,:at valuable "w 0 done at ,valley ,=ge8 #aej-aec4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! object ( ,burgoyne's campaign8 ,0 ! plan a wise "o f ! ,briti% po9t ( view8 b4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! ju/ice ( remov+ ,s*uyl]8 c4 ,h[ did ! battle ( ,b5n+ton affect ! campaign8 ,:at 0 ! effect ( ,/4 ,leg]'s retreat to ,canada8 d4 ,describe ,arnold's "p 9 ! battles ne> ,s>atoga4 #aed1 #aee4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! effect ( ,burgoyne's surr5d] on ,great ,brita98 ,on ,france8 ,on ,am]ica8 b4 ,:at 7 ! results ( ! ,fr5* alliance8 c4 ,describe ! battle ( ,monm\?4 ,:o 0 ,*>les ,lee8 #aef4--;a4 ,describe ,cl>k's exp$ition & m>k on a map ! places nam$4 b4 ,h[ did ?is exp$ition affect ! lat] gr[? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #aeg4--;a4 ,describe ,arnold's c>e] z a soldi] to #aggh4 b4 ,:at is treason8 c4 ,0 !re ! lea/ inju/ice 9 ! treatm5t ( ,&r8 ,*apt] #af #aeh1 #aei4--;a4 ,:y 0 ! sc5e ( action transf]r$ to ! ,s\?8 b4 ,:at places 7 captur$8 c4 ,comp>e ! ,briti% & ,am]ican armies at ,camd54 ,:at 0 ! result ( ?is battle8 #afj-afc4--;a4 ,describe ! battle ( ,k+'s ,m\nta94 b4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! battle ( ! ,c[p5s8 c4 ,foll[ ! retreat ( ! ,am]icans across ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,:at ev5ts %[$ ,gre5e's =esight8 d4 ,:at 7 ! results ( ! battle ( ,guil=d8 e4 ,comp>e ! outlook = ! ,am]icans 9 #agha ) t ( #aghj4 #afd-aff4 a4 ,h[ did ! ,briti% army get to ,yorkt[n8 b4 ,describe ! ga!r+ ( ! ,alli$ ,=ces4 c4 ,describe ! surr5d] & note its effects on ,am]ica1 ,france1 & ,great ,brita94 #afg4--;a4 ,:]e 7 ! negotiations = peace c>ri$ on8 b4 ,m>k on a map ! orig9al t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 c4 ,h[ did ,spa9 get ! ,floridas8 ,g5]al ,que/ions a4 ,:5 did ! ,revolution beg98 ,:5 did x end8 b4 ,7 ! colonies indep5d5t :5 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 0 adopt$8 c4 ,select any campaign & discuss its objects1 plan1 ! lead+ battles1 & ! results4 d4 ,foll[ ,wa%+ton's movem5ts f #agge-hb4 e4 ,:at d y consid] ! mo/ decisive battle ( ! w>8 ,:y8 ,topics ,= ,special ,"w a4 ,naval victories4 b4 ,burgoyne's campaign4 c4 ,gre5e z a g5]al4 d4 ,na?an ,hale4 e4 ,! peace negotiations4 ,sugge/ions ,! use ( map or mold+ bo>d %\ld be con/ant dur+ ! /udy ( ?is p]iod4 ,d n sp5d "t on ! details ( battles1 b tea* campaigns z a :ole4 ,9 us+ ! mold+ bo>d ! movem5ts ( armies c be %[n by color$ p9s4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce %\ld be c>efully /udi$1 especially ! fir/ portions4 ,f9ally1 ! t]ritorial settlem5t ( #aghc %\ld be ?or\ghly expla9$1 us+ map or mold+ bo>d4 ,,vi ,! ,critical ,p]iod1 #aghc-aghi ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,higg9son's ,l>g] ,hi/ory1 #bic-cjh2 ,fiske's ,civil ,gov]nm5t1 #ahf-bfg2 ,mc,master's ,) ! ,fa!rs4 ,home ,read+s4--,fiske's ,critical ,p]iod1 #add-bca1 #cjf-cde2 ,capta9 ,%ays3 ,a ,populi/ ( #aghf4 ,*apt] #ag ,! ,conf$]ation1 #aghc-aghg ,sid5ote3 ,disunion & jeal\sy4 ,s\rce-,book1 #afa-afc4 #afg4 ,problems ( ,peace4--,! w> 0 ov]4 ,b ! future ( ! ,am]ican nation 0 /ill unc]ta94 ,inde$1 "o c h>dly say t !re 0 an ,am]ican nation 9 #aghc4 ,:ile ! w> la/$1 a s5se ( dang] b\nd toge!r ! p ( ! diff]5t /ates4 ,b z soon z ?is p]il ceas$1 _! old jeal\sies & self-seek+s came back4 ,!re 0 no national gov]nm5t to smoo? ov] ^! diff]5ces & to compel ! /ates to act ju/ly t[>d "o ano!r4 ,!re 01 inde$1 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation1 b x is absurd to speak ( x z a national gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,=mation ( ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,mc,master1 #afc4 #afh4 ,! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation1 #agha4--,! ,cont95tal ,congress began draw+ up ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation 9 ,june1 #aggf4 ,b !re 7 long delays1 & ea* mon?'s delay made x m impossible to =m a /rong gov]nm5t4 ,x fell out 9 ?is way t ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation _h no real p[]4 ,x c\ld n make a /ate or an individual pay money or d any?+ at all4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ,congress ask$ ! /ates to give x ov] six million doll>s to pay ! debts & exp5ses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x receiv$ ab\t a million doll>s & 0 =tunate to get t4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ress among ! p4 #afi4 ,a ,"t ( ,di/ress4--,x is n "r to speak too h>%ly ( ! refusal ( ! /ate gov]nm5ts to give ,congress ! money x ask$ =1 z ! p ( ! /ates 7 9 great di/ress & _h no money to give4 ,z soon z peace 0 decl>$ ,briti% m]*ants s5t ov] great quantities ( goods4 ,p b\ght ^! goods1 = e "o ?\ght t good times 7 com+ n[ t ! w> 0 ov]4 ,b ! ,briti% gov]nm5t did ev]y?+ x c\ld d to prev5t ! com+ ( good times4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! nor!rn /ates 0 l>gely bas$ on a pr(itable trade ) ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t put an end to t trade4 ,no gold & silv] came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! ,we/ ,indies :ile gold & silv] con/antly w5t out ( ! c\ntry to pay debts due to ,briti% m]*ants4 ,soon gold & silv] grew sc>ce1 & ^? :o _h any promptly hid x4 ,! real reason ( all ?is tr\ble 0 ! lack ( a /rong national gov]nm5t :i* c\ld h compell$ ! ,briti% gov]nm5t to op5 its ports to ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,b ! p only saw t money 0 sc>ce & call$ ^u ! /ate legislatures to give !m pap] money4 ,sid5ote3 ,pap] money4 #agj4 ,pap] ,money4--,mo/ ( ! /ate legislatures did :at !y 7 ask$ to d4 ,!y pr9t$ quantities ( pap] money4 ,!y paid ! public exp5ses ) x1 & sometimes l5t x to individuals )\t mu* security = its repaym5t4 ,be=e long ?is pap] money began to gr[ less valuable4 ,= in/ance1 on a c]ta9 day a man c\ld buy a bag ( fl\r = five doll>s4 ,9 ?ree mon?s' "t a bag ( fl\r might co/ him t5 doll>s4 ,soon x became difficult to buy fl\r = any numb] ( pap] doll>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5d] laws4 #aga ,t5d] ,laws4--,! p !n clamor$ = t5d] laws4 ,^! 7 laws :i* w\ld make x lawful = !m to t5d]1 or (f]1 pap] money 9 ex*ange = fl\r or o!r ?+s4 ,9 "s cases x 0 made lawful to t5d] pap] money 9 paym5ts ( debts :i* _h be5 made :5 gold & silv] 7 /ill 9 use4 ,! m]*ants n[ %ut up _! %ops1 & bus9ess almo/ ceas$4 ,! lawy]s only 7 busy4 ,= ^? to :om money 0 ow$ tri$ to get x paid be=e ! pap] money became utt]ly wor?less4 ,! c\rts 7 cr[d$1 & ! prisons 7 fill$ ) poor debtors4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ay laws4 #agb4 ,/ay ,laws4--,n[ ! cry 0 = /ay laws4 ,^! 7 laws to prev5t ^? to :om money 0 due f en=c+ _! rights4 ,^! laws promptly put an end to :atev] bus9ess 0 left4 ,! only way t any bus9ess c\ld be c>ri$ on 0 by b>t]4 ,= example1 a man :o _h a bu%el ( :eat t he did n want = 8 family w\ld ex*ange x = ?ree or f\r bu%els ( potatoes1 or = f\r or five days ( labor4 ,9 "s /ates ! legislatures pass$ v sev]e laws to compel p to receive pap] money4 ,9 "o /ate1 inde$1 no "o c\ld vote :o w\ld n receive pap] money4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ate ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on1 ,,ab\t #agij4 ,! ,bo/on ,massacre occurr$ ne> :]e ! two-horse wagon /&s4 ,sid5ote3 ,disord] 9 ,massa*usetts4 #agc4 ,%ays's ,rebellion1 #aghf-hg4--;,9 ,massa*usetts1 especially1 ! discont5t 0 v great4 ,! p 7 angry ) ! judges = s5d+ m5 to prison :o did n pay _! debts4 ,cr[ds ( arm$ m5 visit$ ! judges & compell$ !m to close ! c\rts4 ,! lead] 9 ?is movem5t 0 ,daniel ,%ays4 ,he ev5 ?reat5$ to seize ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ars5al at ,spr+field4 ,by ?is "t ,gov]nor ,b[do9 & ,g5]al ,l9coln also _h ga!r$ a small =ce ( soldi]s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( w9t]1 ?r\gh sn[/orms & ov] t]rible roads1 ,l9coln m>*$ ) 8 m54 ,he drove ,%ays f place to place1 captur$ 8 foll[]s1 & put d[n ! rebellion4 ,!re 7 ris+s 9 o!r /ates1 especially 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,b ,%ays's ,rebellion 9 ,massa*usetts 0 ! mo/ important ( !m all1 because x conv9c$ ! ,new ,engl&]s t a /rong] national gov]nm5t 0 necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,claims ,,& ,,cessions4 ,sid5ote3 ,claims ( ! /ates to ,we/]n l&s4 ,mc,master1 #aee ,sid5ote3 ,h]o ,tales1 #ai-bh4 ,sid5ote3 ,opposition ( ,m>yl& & ( o!r /ates4 #agd4 ,claims to ,we/]n ,l&s4--,! ,conf$]ation seem$ to be fall+ to pieces4 ,t x did n actually fall to pieces 0 l>gely due to ! fact t all ! /ates 7 int]e/$ 9 ! settlem5t ( ! region nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,x w be well to /op a mom5t & see h[ ?is came ab\t4 ,"u _! old *>t]s ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia _h claims to l&s we/ ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,betwe5 #agfc & #aggf ! ,briti% gov]nm5t _h paid slight he$ to ^! claims 7pp4 #ge1 #hi74 ,b ,daniel ,boone & o!r coloni/s _h settl$ we/ ( ! m\nta9s 9 :at are n[ ! /ates ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,:5 ! ,revolution began ! /ates hav+ claims to we/]n l&s at once put !m =w>d1 & ,new ,york also claim$ a "r to ab\t "o-half ( ! disput$ t]ritory4 ,naturally1 ! /ates t _h no claims to ^! l&s _h q diff]5t views4 ,! ,m>yl&]s1 = example1 ?\ght t ! we/]n l&s %\ld be reg>d$ z national t]ritory & us$ = ! common b5efit4 ,m>yl& refus$ to jo9 ! ,conf$]ation until ,new ,york _h c$$ h] claims to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,virg9ia _h propos$ a cession ( ! t]ritory claim$ by h]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! /ates c$e _! claims to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mc,master1 #aei-afj4 #age4 ,! ,l& ,cessions4--,9 #aghd ,virg9ia gave up h] claims to ! l& nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio ,riv] ) ! exception ( c]ta9 l>ge tracts :i* %e res]v$ = h] vet]an soldi]s4 ,massa*usetts c$$ h] claims 9 #aghe4 ,! next ye> 7#aghf7 ,connecticut gave up h] claims4 ,b %e res]v$ a l>ge tract ( l& directly we/ ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,?is 0 call$ ! ,connecticut ,res]ve or1 m (t51 ! ,we/]n ,res]ve4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,nor? ,c>ol9a c$$ _! l&s 9 #aghg & #agij1 & f9ally ,georgia gave up h] claims to we/]n l&s 9 #ahjb4 ,sid5ote3 ,reasons = ! ord9ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,passage ( ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,mc,master1 #afj-afb2 ,s\rce-,book1 #afi-agb4 ,sid5ote3 ,passage ( ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,mc,master1 #afj-afb2 ,s\rce-,book1 #afi-agb4 #agf4 ,passage ( ! ,ord9ance ( #aghg4--,:at %\ld be done ) ! l&s :i* 9 ?is way _h come into ! possession ( ! p ( all ! /ates8 ,x 0 q impossible to divide ^! l&s among ! p ( ! ?irte5 /ates4 ,!y nev] c\ld h agre$ z to ! am\nt due to ea* /ate4 ,9 #aghe ,congress took ! fir/ /ep4 ,x pass$ a law or an ord9ance = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,t]ritory ,nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,?is ord9ance 0 imp]fect1 & few p]sons emigrat$ to ! ,we/4 ,!re 7 _m p]sons :o wi%$ to emigrate f ! old /ates to ! new region4 ,b !y 7 unwill+ to g unless !y felt sure t !y w\ld n be treat$ by ,congress z ! ,briti% gov]nm5t _h treat$ ! p ( ! orig9al /ates4 ,dr4 ,cutl] ( ,massa*usetts laid ^! matt]s be=e ,congress & did 8 "w s well t ,congress pass$ a new ord9ance4 ,?is 0 9 #aghg4 ,! ord9ance is !re=e call$ ! ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,x 0 s well suit$ to its purpose t ne>ly all ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 settl$ & gov]n$ "u its provisions4 ,x w be well to /udy ?is great docum5t m at l5g?4 ,sid5ote3 ,provisions ( ! ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 #agg4 ,! ,ord9ance ( #aghg4--;,9 ! fir/ place ! ord9ance provid$ = ! =mation ( "o t]ritory to be call$ ! ,t]ritory ,nor?we/ ( ! ,ohio4 ,b x is m (t5 call$ ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory or simply ! ,old ,nor?we/4 ,at fir/ x 0 to be gov]n$ by ! p]sons appo9t$ by ,congress4 ,b x 0 fur!r provid$ t :5 settl]s %\ld arrive 9 suffici5t numb]s !y %\ld enjoy self-gov]nm5t4 ,:5 fully settl$ ! t]ritory %\ld be divid$ into five /ates4 ,^! %\ld be admitt$ to ! ,conf$]ation on a foot+ ( equality ) ! orig9al /ates4 ,! settl]s 9 ! t]ritory %\ld enjoy full rights ( citiz5%ip4 ,education %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,slav]y %\ld nev] be p]mitt$4 ,?is la/ provision is especially important z x sav$ ! ,nor?we/ to fre$om4 ,9 ?is way a new political organization 0 inv5t$4 ,x 0 call$ a t]ritory4 ,x 0 really a colony2 b x diff]$ f all o!r colonies because 9 "t x w\ld become a /ate on a foot+ ( entire equality ) ! p>5t /ates4 ,*apt] #ah ,mak+ ,( ,! ,con/itution1 #aghg-aghi ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,meet+ ( ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion1 #aghg4 #agh4 ,necessity = a ,new ,gov]nm5t4--,at ?is v mom5t a conv5tion 0 mak+ a con/itution to put an end to ! ,conf$]ation itself4 ,x 0 q cle> t some?+ mu/ be done or ! /ates soon w\ld be fight+ "o ano!r4 ,attempt aft] attempt _h be5 made to am5d ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation s z to give ,congress m p[]4 ,b e attempt _h fail$ because ! cons5t ( e /ate 0 requir$ to am5d ! ,articles4 ,& "o /ate or ano!r _h object$ to e am5dm5t t _h be5 propos$4 ,x 0 :ile affairs 7 9 ?is condition t ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion met at ,philadelphia 9 ,may1 #aghg4 ,sid5ote3 ,james ,madison4 #agi4 ,james ,madison4--,( all ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion1 ,james ,madison ( ,virg9ia be/ des]ves ! title ( ,fa!r ( ! ,con/itution4 ,he drew up ! ,virg9ia plan :i* 0 adopt$ z ! basis ( ! new ,con/itution4 ,he spoke conv9c+ly = ! plan 9 ! ,conv5tion4 ,he did m ?an any "o else to secure ! ratification ( ! ,con/itution by ,virg9ia4 ,he kept a c>eful set ( ,notes ( ! debates ( ! ,conv5tion :i* %[ u precisely h[ ! ,con/itution 0 made4 ,) ,alex&] ,hamilton & ,john ,jay he wrote a s]ies ( pap]s :i* is call$ ! ,f$]ali/ & is /ill ! be/ guide to ! ,con/itution4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,madison4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton ,presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,frankl94 #ahj4 ,o!r ,fa!rs ( ! ,con/itution4--,george ,wa%+ton 0 *os5 ,presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion4 ,he made few spee*es4 ,b ! spee*es t he made 7 v important4 ,& ! m]e fact t he approv$ ! ,con/itution _h a trem5d\s influ5ce ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! olde/ man 9 ! ,conv5tion 0 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,8 long exp]i5ce 9 politics & 9 diplomacy ) 8 natural %rewdness _h made him an unrival$ manag] ( m54 ,f all ! /ates came able m54 ,9 fact1 ) ! exception ( ,john ,adams1 ,samuel ,adams1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ! /ronge/ m5 9 political life 7 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion4 ,nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w h s _m great political lead]s1 le>n$ /ud5ts ( politics1 & %rewd bus9ess m5 ga!r$ toge!r4 ,! result ( _! labors 0 ! mo/ m>vel\s product ( political wisdom t ! _w has ev] se54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,/ate ,,h\se1 ,,philadelphia4 ,meet+ place ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress & ( ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion--n[ call$ ,indep5d5ce ,hall4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,virg9ia plan4 ,sid5ote3 ,p9ckney's plan4 ,sid5ote3 ,vote = a national gov]nm5t4 #aha4 ,plans = a ,national ,gov]nm5t4--,z soon z ! ,conv5tion 0 9 work+ ord]1 ,gov]nor ,r&olph ( ,virg9ia pres5t$ ,madison's plan = a national gov]nm5t4 ,*>les ,p9ckney ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a also br\ght =w>d a plan4 ,8 s*eme 0 m detail$ ?an 0 ,madison's plan4 ,b1 l x1 x provid$ = a gov]nm5t ) supreme legislative1 executive1 & judicial p[]s4 ,on ,may #cj ! ,conv5tion vot$ t a national gov]nm5t ought to be e/abli%$1 consi/+ ( a supreme ,legislative1 ,executive1 & ,judici>y4 ,x next decid$ t ! legislative dep>tm5t %\ld consi/ ( two h\ses4 ,b :5 ! delegates began to talk ov] ! details1 !y began to disagree4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,new ,j]sey plan4 #ahb4 ,disagreem5t z to ,repres5tation4--,! ,virg9ia plan propos$ t repres5tation 9 "o bran* ( ! new ,congress %\ld be divid$ among ! /ates accord+ to ! am\nt ( money ea* /ate paid into ! national treasury1 or accord+ to ! numb] ( ! free inhabitants ( ea* /ate4 ,! ,delaw>e delegates at once said t !y mu/ )draw4 ,9 ,june ,gov]nor ,patt]son ( ,new ,j]sey br\ght =w>d a plan :i* _h be5 drawn up by ! delegates f ! small] /ates4 ,x is always call$1 h[ev]1 ! ,new ,j]sey plan4 ,x propos$ simply to am5d ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation s z to give ,congress m p[]4 ,aft] a long debate ! ,new ,j]sey plan 0 reject$4 ,illu/ration3 ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,he snat*$ ! lightn+ f ,heav51 & ! sceptre f tyrants4--,,turgot4 ,sid5ote3 ,repres5tation 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,mc,master1 #afg4 ,sid5ote3 ,repres5tation 9 ! ,s5ate4 #ahc4 ,! ,compromise z to ,repres5tation4--,! discussion n[ turn$ on ! "q ( repres5tation 9 ! two h\ses ( ,congress4 ,aft] a long debate & a good deal ( excitem5t ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 & ,rog] ,%]man propos$ a compromise4 ,?is 01 t memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %\ld be apportion$ among ! /ates accord+ to _! population & %\ld be elect$ directly by ! p4 ,9 ! ,s5ate !y propos$ t ea* /ate1 reg>dless ( size1 population1 or weal?1 %\ld h two memb]s4 ,! ,s5ators1 repres5t+ ! /ates1 w\ld fitt+ly be *os5 by ! /ate legislatures4 ,x 0 agre$ t ! /ates %\ld be equally repres5t$ 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,b x 0 difficult to rea* a conclusion z to ! apportionm5t ( repres5tatives 9 ! ,h\se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! f$]al ratio4 #ahd4 ,compromise z to ,apportionm5t4--,%\ld ! memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives be di/ribut$ among ! /ates accord+ to population8 ,at fir/ sight ! answ] seem$ to be p]fectly cle>4 ,b ! real "q 01 %\ld slaves :o _h no vote be c\nt$ z a "p ( ! population8 ,x 0 f9ally agre$ t ! slaves %\ld be c\nt$ at ?ree-fif?s ( _! real numb]4 ,?is rule 0 call$ ! f$]al ratio4 ,! result ( ?is rule 0 to give ! ,s\!rn slave /ates repres5tation 9 ,congress out ( all proportion to _! vot+ population4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( ,congress ov] comm]ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,re/riction z to slave-trade4 #ahe4 ,compromise z to ! ,slave-,trade4--,:5 ! subject ( ! p[]s to be giv5 to ,congress came to be discuss$1 !re 0 ev5 great] excitem5t4 ,! ,nor!rn]s want$ ,congress to h p[] to regulate comm]ce4 ,b ! ,s\!rn]s oppos$ x because !y fe>$ ,congress w\ld use ?is p[] to put an end to ! slave-trade4 ,john ,rutl$ge ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ev5 w5t s f> z to say t unless ?is "q 0 settl$ 9 favor ( ! slavehold]s1 ! slave /ates w\ld n be p>ties to ! ,union4 ,9 ! end ?is matt] also 0 compromis$ by provid+ t ,congress c\ld n prohibit ! slave-trade until #ahjh4 ,^! 7 ! ?ree great compromises4 ,b !re 7 compromises on s _m small] po9ts t we _c ev5 m5tion !m "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sign+ ,,( ,,! ,,con/itution1 ,,septemb] #ag1 #aghg4 ,f an e>ly unf9i%$ picture4 ,?is %[s ! arrangem5t ( ! room & ! sun beh9d ,wa%+ton's *air4 ,sid5ote3 ,frankl9's prophecy4 #ahf4 ,frankl9's ,prophecy4--,x 0 ) a feel+ ( real relief t ! delegates f9ally came to ! end ( _! labors4 ,z !y 7 putt+ _! names to ! ,con/itution1 ,frankl9 po9t$ to a ris+ sun t 0 pa9t$ on ! wall beh9d ! presid+ (fic]'s *air4 ,he said t pa9t]s (t5 f\nd x difficult to %[ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ris+ sun & a sett+ sun4 ,i h (t5 & (t51 said ! old /atesman1 look$ at t beh9d ! ,presid5t1 )\t be+ able to tell :e!r x 0 ris+ or sett+2 b n[1 at l5g?1 ,i h ! happ9ess to "k t x is a ris+ & n a sett+ sun4 ,& s inde$ x has prov$ to be4 ,sid5ote3 ,/r5g? ( ! ,con/itution4 ,mc,master1 #afh-afi4 #ahg4 ,! ,con/itution4--,x w be well n[ to note "s ( ! po9ts 9 :i* ! new ,con/itution 0 unlike ! old ,articles ( ,conf$]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,conf$]ation _h to d only ) ! /ates2 ! new gov]nm5t w\ld deal directly ) individuals4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! old ,congress ne$$ money1 x call$ on ! /ates to give x4 ,if a /ate refus$ to give any money1 ,congress c\ld remon/rate--& t 0 all4 ,! new gov]nm5t c\ld ord] individuals to pay taxes4 ,any "o :o refus$ to pay 8 tax w\ld be tri$ 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt & compell$ to pay or g to prison4 ,9 ! second place ! old gov]nm5t _h almo/ no executive p[]s4 ,! new gov]nm5t w\ld h a v /rong executive 9 ! p]son ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]pretation ( ! ,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,m>%all's decisions4 #ahh4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt4--,b ! greate/ diff]5ce ( all 0 to be f\nd 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provid$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,! new ,congress w\ld h v l>ge p[]s ( mak+ laws4 ,b ! words def9+ ^! p[]s 7 v h>d to und]/&4 ,x 0 ! duty ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt to say :at ^! words meant4 ,n[ ! judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt are v indep5d5t4 ,x is almo/ impossible to remove a judge ( ?is c\rt1 & ! ,con/itution provides t 8 sal>y _c be r$uc$ :ile he holds (fice4 ,x fell out t "u ! lead ( ,*ief ,ju/ice ,john ,m>%all ! ,supreme ,c\rt def9$ ! d\btful words 9 ! ,con/itution s z to give ! greate/ am\nt ( p[] to ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are ! supreme laws ( ! l&1 x w be se5 h[ important ?is action ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt has be54 ,illu/ration3 ,,op5+ ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,opposition to ! ,con/itution4 ,s\rce-,book1 #agb-age4 #ahi4 ,objections to ! ,con/itution4--,! great /r5g? ( ! ,con/itution al>m$ _m p4 ,patrick ,h5ry decl>$ t ! gov]nm5t "u ! new ,con/itution w\ld be a national gov]nm5t & n a f$]al gov]nm5t at all4 ,o!r p]sons object$ to ! ,con/itution because x took ! control ( affairs out ( ! h&s ( ! p4 ,= example1 ! ,s5ators 7 to be *os5 by ! /ate legislatures1 & ! ,presid5t 0 to be elect$ 9 a r\nd-ab\t way by presid5tial electors4 ,o!rs object$ to ! ,con/itution because !re 0 no ,bill ( ,rights atta*$ to x4 ,!y po9t$ out1 = in/ance1 t !re 0 no?+ 9 ! ,con/itution to prev5t ,congress f pass+ laws to de/roy ! fre$om ( ! press4 ,f9ally a great _m p object$ to ! ,con/itution because !re 0 no provision 9 x res]v+ to ! /ates or to ! p ^? p[]s t 7 n expressly giv5 to ! new gov]nm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,oppon5ts ( ! ,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ t5 am5dm5ts4 #aij4 ,! ,fir/ ,t5 ,am5dm5ts4--,^! defects seem$ to be s grave t patriots l ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,r4,h4 ,lee1 ,samuel ,adams1 & ,john ,hancock c\ld n br+ !mselves to vote = its adoption4 ,conv5tions ( delegates 7 elect$ by ! p ( ! sev]al /ates to ratify or to reject ! ,con/itution4 ,! excitem5t 0 int5se4 ,x seem$ z if ! ,con/itution w\ld n be adopt$4 ,b a way 0 f\nd out ( ! difficulty4 ,x 0 sugge/$ t ! conv5tions %\ld cons5t to ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 b %\ld1 at ! same "t1 propose am5dm5ts :i* w\ld d away ) _m ( ^! objections4 ,?is 0 done4 ,! fir/ ,congress "u ! ,con/itution & ! /ate legislatures adopt$ mo/ ( ^! am5dm5ts1 & !y became a "p ( ! ,con/itution4 ,!re 7 t5 am5dm5ts 9 all1 & !y %\ld be /udi$ z c>efully z ! ,con/itution itself is /udi$4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/itution adopt$4 ,higg9son1 #baf2 ,s\rce-,book1 #age-ahj4 #aia4 ,! ,con/itution ,adopt$1 #aghg-hh4--;,9 ,june1 #aghh1 ,new ,hamp%ire & ,virg9ia adopt$ ! ,con/itution4 ,!y 7 ! n9? & t5? /ates to take ?is action4 ,! ,con/itution provid$ t x %\ld g into effect :5 x %\ld be adopt$ by n9e /ates1 t is1 ( c\rse1 x %\ld g into effect only betwe5 ^? /ates4 ,prep>ations 7 n[ made = ! organization ( ! new gov]nm5t4 ,b ?is took "s "t4 ,wa%+ton 0 unanim\sly elect$ ,presid5t1 & 0 inaugurat$ 9 ,april1 #aghi4 ,by t "t ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,rhode ,isl& 7 ! only /ates :i* _h n adopt$ ! ,con/itution & come "u ! ,new ,ro(1 z x 0 call$4 ,9 a ye> or two !y adopt$ x also1 & ! ,union ( ! ?irte5 orig9al /ates 0 complete4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #ag #afh1 #afi4--;a4 ,:at 7 ! *ief weaknesses ( ! ,conf$]ation8 ,:y did n ,congress h any real p[]8 b4 ,h[ did "s /ates treat o!r /ates8 ,:y8 #agj-agc4--;a4 ,expla9 ! di/ress among ! p4 b4 ,describe ! attitude ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t & give "s reason = x4 c4 ,:y did ! value ( pap] money keep *ang+8 d4 ,:at 7 ! t5d] laws8 ,! /ay laws8 e4 ,give "s illu/ration ( h[ ^! laws w\ld affect trade4 #agd4--;a4 ,describe ! tr\bles 9 ,massa*usetts4 b4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ?is rebellion8 #age-agh4--;a4 ,:at common int]e/ did all ! /ates h8 b4 ,:at did ,m>yl& cont5d8 ,/ate c>efully ! result ( ,m>yl&'s action4 ,describe ! l& cessions4 c4 ,h[ did ! hold+ ^! l&s b5efit ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 d4 ,give ! provisions ( ! ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! decl>ation z to slaves8 e4 ,:at privileges 7 ! settl]s to h8 ,:y is ?is ,ord9ance s important8 ,,*apt] #ah #agi-aha4--;a4 ,:at difficulties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %[$ ! necessity ( a /rong] gov]nm5t8 b4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation be am5d$8 c4 ,:at 0 ! important "w ( ,madison8 d4 ,:at 0 ! advantage ( hav+ ,wa%+ton act z ,presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion8 #ahb1 #ahc4--;a4 ,expla9 fully ! provisions ( ! ,virg9ia plan4 ,:at dep>tm5ts 7 decid$ ^u8 b4 ,:y did ,new ,j]sey & ,delaw>e oppose ! ,virg9ia plan8 ,:at 7 ! great objections to ! ,new ,j]sey plan8 #ahd-ahf4--;a4 ,:at is a compromise8 ,:at are ! ?ree great compromises ( ! ,con/itution8 b4 ,expla9 ! compromise z to repres5tation4 ,:at does ! ,s5ate repres5t8 ,:at ! ,h\se8 c4 ,def9e apportionm5t4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! wisdom ( ! compromise z to apportionm5t8 ,:at ( its ju/ice8 d4 ,:y 0 !re a conflict ov] ! clause z to comm]ce8 ,h[ 0 ! matt] settl$8 #ahg-ahi4--;a4 ,:at ev5ts at fir/ seem$ to disprove ,frankl9's prophecy8 b4 ,comp>e ! ,con/itution ) ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation & %[ 9 :at respects ! ,con/itution 0 mu* /rong]4 c4 ,expla9 h[ ! new gov]nm5t c\ld control individuals4 d4 ,:at 7 "s ( ! duties ( ! ,presid5t8 ,( ,congress8 ,( ! ,supreme ,c\rt8 #aij-aib4--;a4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a national & a f$]al gov]nm5t8 ,0 ,h5ry's criticism true8 b4 ,/udy ! fir/ t5 am5dm5ts & /ate h[ f> !y met ! objections ( ^? oppos$ to ! ,con/itution4 c4 ,repeat ! ,t5? ,am5dm5t f memory4 d4 ,h[ 0 ! ,con/itution ratifi$8 e4 ,h[ did ! *oice ( ,wa%+ton z fir/ ,presid5t influ5ce popul> feel+ t[>d ! new gov]nm5t8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,:y %\ld ! p h %[n loyalty to ! /ates r ?an to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,analyze ! ,con/itution z foll[s3-- ,,executive4 ,,legislative4 ,,judici>y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,me?od ( ,appo9tm5t or ,election4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,t]m ( ,(fice4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,duties & ,p[]s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w ,! c>e] ( any "o man prom95t 9 ! ,conv5tion1 z ,madison1 ,hamilton1 ,frankl91 ,wa%+ton1 ,rob]t ,morris1 etc4 ,write a brief biography4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,?is p]iod %\ld be taught v sl[ly & v ?or\ghly1 z x dem&s mu* m "t ?an any ( ! e>li] p]iods4 ,a cle> und]/&+ ( ! ,con/itution is ( ! mo/ practical value1 n m]ely to enable "o to compreh5d ! lat] hi/ory1 b also to enable "o to und]/& pres5t duties4 ,note c>efully ! f$]al ratio & ! functions ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,use ! text ( ! ,con/itution & emphasize especially ^? portions ( importance 9 ! lat] hi/ory4 ,?is "w is difficult4 ,x %\ld !re=e be mo/ fully illu/rat$ f rec5t political /ruggles4 ,let ! *ildr5 repres5t *>act]s 9 ! ,conv5tion & discuss ! v>i\s plans propos$4 ,enc\rage !m also to sugge/ transactions :i* might repres5t ! work+ ( ! t5d] laws1 ! comm]cial w>f>e betwe5 ! /ates1 ! f$]al ratio etc4 ,especially /udy ! fir/ t5 am5dm5ts & %[ h[ !y limit ! p[] ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t]ritorial ,,acquisitions #aghc-ahec4 ,= lat] acquisitions see ,map fac+ page #cig4 ,,vii ,,! ,,f$]ali/ ,,supremacy1 #aghi-ahja ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,higg9son's ,l>g] ,hi/ory1 #cji-cdd2 ,eggle/on's ,unit$ ,/ates & its ,p *4 xxxiv 7! p 9 #agij72 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 *4 xiv 7! p 9 #agij74 ,home ,read+s4--,drake's ,mak+ ( ! ,we/2 ,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv2 ,c(f9's ,build+ ! ,nation2 ,bolton's ,fam\s ,am]icans2 ,holmes's ,ode on ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day2 ,seawell's ,little ,j>vis4 ,,*apt] #ai ,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ way ( elect+ ,presid5t4 ,con/itution1 ,art4 ,,ii1 ,i2 ,mc,master1 #agj-aga4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton & ,adams4 #aib4 ,wa%+ton elect$ ,presid5t4--,9 ! e>ly ye>s "u ! ,con/itution ! ,presid5ts & ,vice-,presid5ts 7 elect$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,fir/ ea* /ate *ose presid5tial electors usually by vote ( its legislature4 ,!n ! electors ( ea* /ate came toge!r & vot$ = two p]sons )\t say+ :i* ( ! two %\ld be ,presid5t4 ,:5 all ! electoral votes 7 c\nt$1 ! p]son hav+ ! l>ge/ numb]1 provid$ t 0 m ?an half ( ! :ole numb] ( electoral votes1 0 decl>$ ,presid5t4 ,! p]son hav+ ! next l>ge/ numb] became ,vice-,presid5t4 ,at ! fir/ election e elector vot$ = ,wa%+ton4 ,john ,adams receiv$ ! next l>ge/ numb] ( votes & became ,vice-,presid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f$]al ,,hall1 #agig4 ,wa%+ton took ! oa? ( (fice on ! balcony4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton's j\rney to ,new ,york4 ,higg9son1 #bag-bah4 #aic4 ,wa%+ton's ,j\rney to ,new ,york4--,at t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ ( ,april #ad1 #aghi1 ,wa%+ton left ,mt4 ,v]non & set out = ,new ,york4 ,:]ev] he pass$ ! p p\r$ =? to greet him4 ,at ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 a triumphal ar* _h be5 erect$4 ,! s*ool girls /rew$ fl[]s 9 8 pa? & sang an ode writt5 = ! occasion4 ,a b>ge mann$ by ?irte5 pilots met him at ! wat]'s edge & bore him safely to ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton inaugurat$ ,presid5t1 #aghi4 ,s\rce-,book1 #aha-ahc4 ,sid5ote3 ,! oa? ( (fice4 #aid4 ,! ,fir/ ,inauguration1 ,april #cj1 #aghi4--,long be=e ! "t set = ! inauguration c]emonies1 ! /reets ar\nd ,f$]al ,hall 7 closely pack$ ) sightse]s4 ,wa%+ton 9 a suit ( velvet ) :ite silk /ock+s came out on ! balcony & took ! oa? ( (fice ord]$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 ,i w fai?fully execute ! (fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & w to ! be/ ( my ,ability pres]ve1 protect1 & def5d ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,cannon ro>$ =? a salute & ,*ancellor ,liv+/on turn+ to ! p proclaim$1 ,long live ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,rent]+ ! hall ,wa%+ton read a simple & solemn address4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,hamilton1 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 ,eggle/on1 #bae4 ,sid5ote3 ,knox1 ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,r&olph1 ,attorney-,g5]al4 #aie4 ,! ,fir/ ,cab9et4--,wa%+ton appo9t$ ,?omas ,jeff]son ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,s9ce writ+ ! ,great ,decl>ation1 ,jeff]son _h be5 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia & ,am]ican m9i/] at ,p>is4 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury 0 ,alex&] ,hamilton4 ,born 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 he _h come to ,new ,york to att5d ,k+'s ,college1 n[ ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,= ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ,wa%+ton select$ ,h5ry ,knox4 ,he _h be5 ,*ief ( ,artill]y dur+ ! ,revolution4 ,s9ce !n he _h be5 head ( ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,edw>d ,r&olph became ,attorney ,g5]al4 ,he _h introduc$ ! ,virg9ia plan ( union into ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion4 ,b he _h n sign$ ! ,con/itution 9 its f9al =m4 ,^! f\r (fic]s =m$ ! ,cab9et4 ,!re 0 also a ,po/ma/] ,g5]al4 ,b 8 (fice 0 ( slight importance at ! "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton',s ,,writ+-,,table ,sid5ote3 ,f$]al ,(fic]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,jay1 ,*ief ,ju/ice4 #aif4 ,appo9tm5ts to ,(fice4--,! ,presid5t n[ appo9t$ ! necess>y (fic]s to execute ! national laws4 ,^! 7 mo/ly m5 :o _h be5 prom95t 9 ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,= in/ance1 ,john ,jay 7p4 #abf7 0 appo9t$ ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 & ,g5]al ,l9coln 7p4 #acd7 0 appo9t$ ,collector ( ,cu/oms at ,bo/on4 ,x 0 9 hav+ (fic]s ( its own to c>ry out its laws1 t ! new gov]nm5t seem$ to ! p to be s unlike ! old gov]nm5t4 ,=m]ly if ,congress want$ any?+ done1 x call$ on ! /ates to d x4 ,n[ ,congress1 by law1 au?oriz$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates (ficials to d _! tasks4 ,! diff]5ce 0 a v great "o1 & x took ! p "s "t to realize :at a great *ange _h be5 made4 ,sid5ote3 ,titles4 ,higg9son1 #bbb4 #aig4 ,! ,"q ( ,titles4--,! fir/ fi]cely conte/$ debate 9 ! new ,congress 0 ov] ! "q ( titles4 ,john ,adams1 ! ,vice-,presid5t & ! presid+ (fic] ( ! ,s5ate1 began ! conflict by ask+ ! ,s5ate h[ he %\ld address ! ,presid5t4 ,"o s5ator sugge/$ t ! ,presid5t %\ld be entitl$ ,8 ,patriotic ,maje/y4 ,o!r s5ators propos$ t he %\ld be address$ z ,y\r ,highness1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,protector ( _! ,lib]ties4 ,=tunately1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives _h ! fir/ *ance to address ,wa%+ton & simply call$ him ,mr4 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,c]emonies4 ,higg9son1 #bbb-bbd4 ,sid5ote3 ,mon>*ical appe>ances4 #aih4 ,c]emonies & ,progresses4--,wa%+ton lik$ a good deal ( c]emony & 0 /iff & ari/ocratic4 ,he soon gave receptions or levees z !y 7 call$4 ,to ^! only p]sons :o _h tickets 7 admitt$4 ,wa%+ton /ood on "o side ( ! room & b[$ /iffly to ea* gue/ z he 0 ann\nc$4 ,:5 all 7 assembl$1 ! entrance doors 7 clos$4 ,! ,presid5t !n sl[ly walk$ ar\nd ! room1 say+ some?+ pleasant to ea* p]son4 ,9 #aghi he made a j\rney ?r\gh ,new ,engl&4 ,ev]y:]e he 0 receiv$ by gu>ds ( honor1 & 0 spl5didly ent]ta9$4 ,at "o place an old man greet$ him ) ,god bless ,y\r ,maje/y4 ,?is 0 all natural en\gh1 = ,wa%+ton 0 fir/ 9 ! he>ts ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,b _m good m5 7 afraid t ! new gov]nm5t w\ld really turn out to be a mon>*y4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ruggle ov] protection1 #aghi4 ,s\rce-,book1 #ahc-ahf4 #aii4 ,fir/ ,t>iff ,act1 #aghi4--,! fir/ important bus9ess t ,congress took 9 h& 0 a bill = rais+ rev5ue1 & a lively debate began4 ,repres5tatives f ,new ,engl& & ! ,middle /ates want$ protection = _! comm]ce & _! /ruggl+ manufactures4 ,repres5tatives f ! ,s\!rn /ates oppos$ all protective duties z h>mful to agriculture1 :i* 0 ! only important pursuit ( ! ,s\!rn]s4 ,b ! ,s\!rn]s w\ld h be5 glad to h a duty plac$ on hemp4 ,?is ! ,new ,engl&]s oppos$ because x w\ld increase ! co/ ( rigg+ %ips4 ,! ,p5nsylvanians 7 eag] = a duty on iron & /eel4 ,b ! ,new ,engl&]s oppos$ ?is duty because x w\ld add to ! co/ ( build+ a %ip1 & ! ,s\!rn]s oppos$ x because x w\ld increase ! co/ ( agricultural tools4 ,& s x 0 z to ne>ly e duty t 0 propos$4 ,b duties mu/ be laid1 & ! only ?+ t c\ld be done 0 to compromise 9 e direction4 ,ea* section got some?+ t x want$1 gave up a great deal t x want$1 & agre$ to some?+ t x did n want at all4 ,& s x has be5 ) e t>iff act f t day to ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ c5sus4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #agia4 ,sid5ote3 ,population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #agia4 #bjj4 ,! ,fir/ ,c5sus1 #agia4--,! ,con/itution provid$ t repres5tatives %\ld be di/ribut$ among ! /ates accord+ to population z modifi$ by ! f$]al ratio 7p4 #adb74 ,to d ?is x 0 necess>y to f9d out h[ _m p !re 7 9 ea* /ate4 ,9 #agia ! fir/ c5sus 0 tak54 ,by t "t bo? ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,rhode ,isl& _h jo9$ ! ,union1 & ,v]mont _h be5 admitt$ z ! f\rte5? /ate4 ,x appe>$ t !re 7 ne>ly f\r million p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or n z _m z "o hundr$ ye>s lat] liv$ ar\nd ! %ores ( ,new ,york h>bor4 ,!re 7 !n ab\t sev5 hundr$ ?\s& slaves 9 ! c\ntry4 ,( ^! only fifty ?\s& 7 9 ! /ates nor? ( ,m>yl&4 ,! c\ntry1 !re=e1 0 already divid$ into two sections3 "o :]e slav]y 0 ( little importance1 & ano!r :]e x 0 ( great importance4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]mont admitt$1 #agia4 ,sid5ote3 ,higg9son #bbi4 ,sid5ote3 ,k5tucky admitt$1 #agib4 ,higg9son1 #bbd-bcj4 #bja4 ,new ,/ates4--,! fir/ new /ate to be admitt$ to ! ,union 0 ,v]mont 7#agia74 ,! l& :i* =m$ ?is /ate 0 claim$ by ,new ,hamp%ire & by ,new ,york4 ,b dur+ ! ,revolution ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9 ,boys _h decl>$ !mselves indep5d5t & _h drawn up a con/itution4 ,!y n[ appli$ to ,congress = admission to ! ,union z a sep>ate /ate4 ,! next ye> ,k5tucky came into ! ,union4 ,?is 0 orig9ally a "p ( ,virg9ia1 & ! coloni/s _h br\ght _! slaves ) !m to _! new homes4 ,k5tucky1 !re=e1 0 a slave /ate4 ,v]mont 0 a free /ate1 & its con/itution =bade slav]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c5t] ,,( ,,population ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ! ,national ,debt4 ,= details1 see ,mc,master1 #aih-bjj4 ,sid5ote3 ,bonds4 #bjb4 ,! ,national ,debt4--,! ,national ,debt 0 ! price ( indep5d5ce4 ,dur+ ! w> ,congress _h be5 too poor to pay gold & silv] = :at x ne$$ to c>ry on ! w>4 ,s x _h giv5 promises to pay at "s future "t4 ,^! promises to pay 7 call$ by v>i\s names z bonds1 c]tificates ( indebt$ness1 & pap] money4 ,tak5 all toge!r !y =m$ :at 0 call$ ! ,dome/ic ,debt1 because x 0 ow$ to p]sons liv+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re 0 also a ,=eign ,debt4 ,?is 0 ow$ to ! ,k+ ( ,france & to o!r =eign]s :o _h l5t money to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,hamilton z a f9anci]4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 plan4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to x4 #bjc4 ,hamilton's ,f9ancial ,policy4--,alex&] ,hamilton 0 ! able/ ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury ! ,unit$ ,/ates has ev] _h4 ,to give p confid5ce 9 ! new gov]nm5t1 he propos$ to r$eem ! old c]tificates & bonds1 doll> = doll>1 9 new bonds4 ,to ?is plan !re 0 viol5t objection4 ,mo/ ( ! orig9al hold]s ( ! c]tificates & bonds _h sold !m long ago4 ,!y 7 n[ ma9ly held by speculators :o _h paid ab\t ?irty or =ty c5ts = ea* doll>4 ,:y %\ld ! speculator get "o doll> = t :i* _h co/ him only ?irty or =ty c5ts8 ,hamilton insi/$ t 8 plan 0 ! only way to place ! public cr$it on a firm f\ndation1 & x 0 f9ally adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alex&] ,,hamilton4 ,he smote ! rock ( ! national res\rces & abundant /reams ( rev5ue gu%$ =?4 ,he t\*$ ! dead corpse ( ! public cr$it & x sprang ^u its feet4--,,web/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! /ate debts4 ,s\rce-,book1 #ahf-ahh4 ,sid5ote3 ,hamilton's plan ( assumption4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to x4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure ( ! bill4 #bjd4 ,assumption ( ,/ate ,debts4--,a fur!r "p ( ,hamilton's orig9al s*eme ar\s$ ev5 great] opposition4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution>y ,w> ! /ates1 too1 _h become heavily 9 debt4 ,!y _h furni%$ soldi]s & supplies to ,congress4 ,"s ( !m _h und]tak5 exp$itions at _! own exp5se4 ,virg9ia1 = example1 _h borne all ! co/ ( ,cl>k's conque/ ( ! ,nor?we/ 7p4 #aaf74 ,%e _h lat] c$$ ne>ly all h] rights 9 ! conqu]$ t]ritory to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7p4 #ace74 ,^! debts _h be5 incurr$ = ! b5efit ( ! p z a :ole4 ,w\ld x n !n be fair = ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a :ole to pay !m8 ,hamilton ?\ght t x w\ld4 ,x *anc$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,nor!rn /ates _h mu* l>g] debts ?an _h ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,"o result ( ,hamilton's s*eme w\ld be to relieve ! ,nor!rn /ates ( a "p ( _! burd5s & to increase ! burd5s ( ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,! ,s\!rn]s1 !re=e1 7 /rongly oppos$ to ! plan4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a repres5tatives rea*$ ,new ,york j 9 "t to vote aga9/ x1 & t "p ( ,hamilton's plan 0 defeat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,old ,,/agecoa*4 ,! h\se 0 built 9 ,l9coln ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 9 #aghc4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( ! site ( ! national capital4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son & ,hamilton4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #bje4 ,! ,national ,capital4--,9 ^! days ( fa/ express tra9s x makes little diff]5ce :e!r "o is go+ to ,philadelphia or to ,baltimore--only a few h\rs m or less 9 a com=table railroad c>4 ,b 9 #agia x made a great deal ( diff]5ce :e!r "o 7 go+ to ,philadelphia or to ,baltimore4 ,travel+ 0 especially h>d 9 ! ,s\?4 ,!re 7 few roads or tav]ns 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry1 & ^? few 7 bad4 ,! ,s\!rn]s 7 anxi\s to h ! national capital z f> s\? z possible4 ,!y 7 also oppos$ to ! assumption ( ! /ate debts by ! national gov]nm5t4 ,n[ x happ5$ t ! ,nor!rn]s 7 9 favor ( ! assumption ( ! debts & did n c>e v mu* :]e ! national capital might be4 ,9 ! end ,jeff]son & ,hamilton made a deal1 ! fir/ ( its k9d 9 our hi/ory4 ,en\gh ,s\!rn]s vot$ = ! assumption bill to pass x4 ,! ,nor!rn]s1 on _! "p1 agre$ t ! tempor>y seat ( gov]nm5t %\ld be at ,philadelphia1 & ! p]man5t seat ( gov]nm5t on ! ,potomac4 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& at once c$$ en\gh l& to =m a f$]al di/rict4 ,?is 0 call$ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,soon prep>ations 7 begun to build a capital city !re--! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,republican ,,c\rt4 ,sid5ote3 ,hamilton's plan = a ,unit$ ,/ates bank4 ,mc,master1 #bja ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son's argum5t aga9/ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bank e/abli%$4 #bjf4 ,! ,fir/ ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,two p>ts ( ,hamilton's plan 7 n[ adopt$4 ,to ! ?ird "p ( 8 s*eme !re 0 ev5 m opposition4 ,?is 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a great ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! gov]nm5t 9 #agij _h no place 9 :i* to keep its money4 ,in/ead ( e/abli%+ gov]nm5t treasuries1 ,hamilton want$ a great national bank1 controll$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is bank c\ld e/abli% bran*es 9 important cities4 ,! gov]nm5t's money c\ld be deposit$ at any ( ^! bran*es & c\ld be paid out by *ecks s5t f ! ,treasury4 ,fur!rmore1 p c\ld buy a "p ( ! /ock ( ! bank ) ! new bonds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is w\ld make p m eag] to own ! bonds1 & s w\ld increase _! price4 ,= all ^! reasons ,hamilton ?\ght ! bank w\ld be v useful1 & !re=e necess>y & prop] = ! c>ry+ out ( ! p[]s giv5 by ! ,con/itution to ! national gov]nm5t4 ,jeff]son1 h[ev]1 ?\ght t ! words necess>y & prop] meant necess>y & n useful4 ,! bank 0 n necess>y accord+ to ! ord9>y use ( ! ^w4 ,congress !re=e _h no bus9ess to e/abli% x4 ,aft] ?9k+ ! matt] ov]1 ,wa%+ton sign$ ! bill & x became a law4 ,b ,jeff]son _h s\nd$ ! al>m4 ,_m p]sons agre$ ) him1 _m o!rs agre$ ) ,hamilton4 ,two great political p>ties 7 =m$ & began ! conte/ = p[] t has be5 go+ on ev] s9ce4 ,,*apt] #bj ,,rise ,,( ,,political ,,p>ties ,sid5ote3 ,=mation ( ! ,f$]ali/ p>ty4 ,mc,master1 #bjb4 #bjg4 ,! ,f$]ali/s4--,!re 7 no political p>ties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aghi4 ,all ! lead+ m5 7 anxi\s to give ! new ,con/itution a fair trial4 ,ev5 ,patrick ,h5ry support$ ,wa%+ton4 ,_m m51 z ,alex&] ,hamilton & ,g\v]neur ,morris1 believ$ a mon>*y to be ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,b !y saw cle>ly t ! ,am]ican p w\ld n p]mit a mon>*y to be e/abli%$4 ,s !y support$ ! ,con/itution al?\gh !y ?\ght t x 0 a frail & wor?less fabric4 ,b !y wi%$ to e/abli% ! /ronge/ possible gov]nm5t t c\ld be e/abli%$ "u ! ,con/itution4 ,?is !y c\ld d by def9+ 9 ! broade/ way ! d\btful words 9 ! ,con/itution z ,hamilton _h done 9 ! controv]sy ov] ! bank *>t] 7p4 #afb74 ,hamilton _h little confid5ce 9 ! wisdom ( ! pla9 p4 ,he believ$ x w\ld be saf] to rely on ! ri*] classes4 ,s he & 8 fri5ds wi%$ to give to ! c5tral gov]nm5t & to ! ri*] classes ! greate/ possible am\nt ( p[]4 ,^? :o believ$ z ,hamilton believ$ call$ !mselves ,f$]ali/s4 ,9 reality !y 7 ,nationali/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,=mation ( ! ,republican p>ty4 #bjh4 ,! ,republicans4--,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,james ,madison1 ,alb]t ,gallat91 & _! fri5ds entirely disagre$ ) ! ,f$]ali/s on all ( ^! po9ts4 ,!y call$ !mselves ,republicans4 ,9 ! ,great ,decl>ation ,jeff]son _h writt5 t gov]nm5t re/$ on ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4 ,he also ?\ght t ! common s5se ( ! pla9 p 0 a saf] guide ?an ! wisdom ( ! ri*] classes4 ,he 0 indignant at ! way 9 :i* ,hamilton def9$ ! mean+ ( phrases 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,he especially reli$ on ! words ( ! ,t5? ,am5dm5t4 ,?is am5dm5t provid$ t all p[]s n delegat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,con/itution nor prohibit$ by x to ! /ates are res]v$ to ! /ates respectively or to ! p4 ,jeff]son ?\ght t phrases l n delegat$ & necess>y & prop] %\ld be und]/ood 9 _! ord9>y mean+s4 ,he n[ det]m9$ to ar\se public op9ion4 ,he once decl>$ t if he _h to *oose betwe5 hav+ a gov]nm5t & hav+ a newspap] press1 he %\ld pref] ! newspap] press4 ,he e/abli%$ a newspap] devot$ to 8 pr9ciples & began a viol5t & det]m9$ attack on ! ,f$]ali/s1 call+ !m mon>*i/s4 ,^! disputes became especially viol5t 9 ! treatm5t ( ! que/ions :i* grew out ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 #aghi4 #bji4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution4--,9 #aghi ! ,fr5* p rose aga9/ _! gov]nm5t4 ,9 #agib !y imprison$ _! k+ & que54 ,9 #agic !y behead$ !m1 & set up a republic4 ,! mon>*s ( ,europe made common cause aga9/ ?is _s ( revolution4 ,!y made w> on ! ,fr5* ,republic & began a conflict :i* soon spread to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution on ,am]ican politics4 ,mc,master1 #bjf-bjg4 ,sid5ote3 ,f$]ali/s & ,republicans4 #baj4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution & ,am]ican ,politics4--,jeff]son & 8 political fri5ds rejoic$ at ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,fr5* mon>*y & ! sett+ up ( ! ,republic4 ,x seem$ z if ,am]ican ideas _h spread to ,europe4 ,soon ,jeff]son's foll[]s began to ape ! mann]s ( ! ,fr5* revolutioni/s4 ,!y call$ ea* o!r ,citiz5 ?is & ,citiz5 t4 ,reports ( ,fr5* victories 7 receiv$ ) rejoic+4 ,at ,bo/on an ox1 roa/$ :ole1 bread1 & pun* 7 di/ribut$ to ! p 9 ! /reets1 & cakes /amp$ ) ! ,fr5* wat*words1 ,lib]ty & ,equality1 7 giv5 to ! *ildr54 ,b1 :ile ! ,republicans 7 rejoic+ ov] ! d[nfall ( ! ,fr5* mon>*y1 ! ,f$]ali/s 7 f> f be+ happy4 ,hamilton _h no confid5ce 9 gov]nm5t by ! p any:]e4 ,wa%+ton1 ) 8 ari/ocratic ideas1 did n at all l ! way ! ,republicans 7 act+4 ,he said little on ! subject1 b ,lady ,wa%+ton express$ h] m9d freely & spoke ( ,jeff]son's foll[]s z fil?y ,democrats4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5et at ,*>le/on4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 conte/ ) ! gov]nm5t4 #baa4 ,citiz5 ,g5et4--,! new ,fr5* gov]nm5t soon s5t an ag5t or m9i/] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he 0 ! ,citiz5 ,g5et4 ,he l&$ at ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,he fitt$ out private]s to prey on ,briti% comm]ce & !n set out ov]l& = ,philadelphia4 ,wa%+ton _h rec5tly made a t\r ?r\gh ! ,s\?4 ,b ev5 he _h n be5 receiv$ ) ! en?usiasm t greet$ ,g5et4 ,b :5 ,g5et rea*$ ,philadelphia1 & began to conf] ) ,jeff]son ab\t gett+ help f ! gov]nm5t1 he f\nd little except delay1 tr\ble1 & good advice4 ,jeff]son especially tri$ to w>n ,g5et n to be ov] confid5t4 ,b ,g5et w\ld n li/54 ,he ev5 appeal$ to ! p aga9/ ,wa%+ton1 & ! p ralli$ to ! def5se ( ! ,presid5t4 ,soon ano!r & wis] ,fr5* m9i/] came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,treaty ( ,alliance ( #aggh4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,neutrality ,proclamation1 #agic4 #bab4 ,! ,neutrality ,proclamation1 #agic4--,wa%+ton & 8 advis]s _h a v difficult "q to settle4 ,= ! ,treaty ( #aggh ) ,france 7p4 #aae7 gave to ,fr5* %ips ! use ( ,unit$ ,/ates ports 9 w> "t1 & clos$ ^? ports to ! enemies ( ,france4 ,! treaty might also oblige ! ,unit$ ,/ates to make w> on ,great ,brita9 9 ord] to pres]ve ! ,fr5* ,we/ ,india ,isl&s to ,france4 ,x 0 q c]ta91 at all ev5ts1 t if ,fr5* w>%ips 7 all[$ to use ,am]ican ports1 & ,briti% w>%ips 7 n all[$ to d s1 ,great ,brita9 w\ld spe$ily make w> on ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! treaty _h be5 made ) ! ,k+ ( ,france4 ,c\ld x n be set aside on ! gr\nd t !re 0 no long] a ,fr5* mon>*y8 ,wa%+ton at l5g? made up 8 m9d to reg>d x z susp5d$1 ow+ to ! confusion :i* exi/$ 9 ,france4 ,he !re=e issu$ a ,proclamation ( ,neutrality4 ,9 ?is proclamation he w>n$ all citiz5s n to aid ei!r ( ! fight+ nations4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t ,wa%+ton began ! policy ( keep+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates out ( ,european conflicts 7p4 #bbd74 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal rev5ue taxes4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,:iskey ,rebellion1 #agid4 ,mc,master1 #bjc-bjd4 #bac4 ,! ,:iskey ,insurrection1 #agid4--,! increas+ exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t made new taxes necess>y4 ,among ! new taxes 0 an int]nal rev5ue tax on :iskey4 ,x happ5$ t ?is tax bore heavily on ! f>m]s ( we/]n ,c>ol9a & we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,! f>m]s ( ^? regions c\ld n take _! gra9 to ! seabo>d because ! roads 7 bad & ! di/ance 0 great4 ,s !y made x into :iskey1 :i* c\ld be c>ri$ to ! seabo>d & sold at a pr(it4 ,! new tax on :iskey w\ld make x m difficult = ^! we/]n f>m]s to e>n a liv+ & to support _! families4 ,!y refus$ to pay x4 ,!y fell ^u ! tax collectors & drove !m away4 ,wa%+ton s5t commission]s to expla9 matt]s to !m4 ,b ! f>m]s paid no he$ to ! commission]s4 ,! ,presid5t !n call$ out fifte5 ?\s& militia-m5 & s5t !m to we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 "u ! comm& ( ,h5ry ,lee1 gov]nor ( ,virg9ia4 ,! rebelli\s f>m]s yield$ )\t fight+4 ,two ( ! lead]s 7 convict$ ( treason4 ,b ,wa%+ton p>don$ !m1 & ! conflict end$ !re4 ,! new gov]nm5t _h %[n its /r5g?1 & _h compell$ p to obey ! laws4 ,t 9 itself 0 a v great ?+ to h done4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ) ,great ,brita94 ,mc,master1 #bjg-bji2 ,s\rce-,book1 #ahh-aij4 ,sid5ote3 ,jay's ,treaty1 #agid4 #bad4 ,jay's ,treaty1 #agid4--;,ev] s9ce #aghc !re _h be5 tr\ble ) ! ,briti%4 ,!y _h n surr5d]$ ! po/s on ! ,great ,lakes1 z ! treaty ( #aghc requir$ !m to d4 ,!y _h oppress$ ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,! ,am]ican /ates also _h brok5 ! treaty by mak+ laws to prev5t ! collection ( debts due to ,briti% subjects by ,am]ican citiz5s4 ,! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation _h be5 too weak to compel ei!r ! ,briti% gov]nm5t or ! ,am]ican /ates to obey ! treaty4 ,b ! new gov]nm5t 0 /rong en\gh to make treaties respect$ at home & abroad4 ,wa%+ton s5t ,*ief ,ju/ice ,john ,jay to ,london to negotiate a new treaty4 ,he f\nd ! ,briti% gov]nm5t v h>d to deal )4 ,at la/ he made a treaty4 ,b !re 7 _m ?+s 9 x :i* 7 n at all favorable to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= in/ance1 x provid$ t cotton %\ld n be export$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t ,am]ican comm]ce ) ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies %\ld be greatly re/rict$4 ,sid5ote3 ,conte/ ov] ratification ( ,jay's ,treaty1 #agie4 #bae4 ,ratification ( ,jay's ,treaty1 #agie4--;,aft] a long discussion ! ,s5ate vot$ to ratify ! treaty )\t ^! two clauses4 ,9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives !re 0 a fi]ce debate4 ,= al?\gh ! ,h\se has no?+ to d ) ratify+ treaties1 x has a great deal to d ) vot+ money4 ,& money 0 ne$$ to c>ry out ?is treaty4 ,at la/ ! ,h\se vot$ ! necess>y money4 ,! ,briti% surr5d]$ ! po/s on ! ,great ,lakes1 & ! debts due to ,briti% subjects 7 paid4 ,_m p 7 v angry ) ,jay & ) ,wa%+ton = mak+ ?is treaty4 ,/uff$ figures ( ,jay 7 hang$1 & ,wa%+ton 0 attack$ 9 ! pap]s z if he _h be5 a common pickpocket--to use 8 own words4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!rn ,,b\nd>y ,,( ,,unit$ ,,/ates #agie ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ) ,spa91 #agie4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r ( deposit4 #baf4 ,! ,spani% ,treaty ( #agie4--;,france & ,great ,brita9 7 n ! only c\ntries ) :i* !re 0 tr\ble4 ,! ,spani>ds held po/s on ! ,mississippi1 )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & refus$ to give !m up4 ,= a hundr$ miles ! ,mississippi fl[$ ?r\gh ,spani% t]ritory4 ,9 ^? days1 be=e /eam railroads connect$ ! ,ohio valley ) ! ,ea/]n seacoa/1 ! f>m]s ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee s5t _! goods by boat or raft d[n ! ,mississippi to ,new ,orleans4 ,at t city !y 7 plac$ on sea-go+ vessels & c>ri$ to ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,! ,spani>ds refus$ to let ?is comm]ce be c>ri$ on4 ,9 #agie1 h[ev]1 !y agre$ to ab&on ! po/s & to p]mit ,am]ican goods to be deposit$ at ,new ,orleans :ile await+ %ipm5t by sea-go+ vessels4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton decl9es a ?ird t]m4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,f>ewell ,address4 #bag4 ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address4--,9 #agib ,wa%+ton _h be5 relect$ ,presid5t4 ,9 #agif !re w\ld be a new election1 & ,wa%+ton decl9$ ano!r nom9ation4 ,he 0 disgu/$ ) ! tone ( public life & dete/$ p>ty politics1 & desir$ to pass ! %ort rema9d] ( 8 life 9 quiet at ,mt4 ,v]non4 ,he ann\nc$ 8 int5tion to retire 9 a ,f>ewell ,address1 :i* %\ld be read & /udi$ by e ,am]ican4 ,9 x he decl>$ ! ,union to be ! ma9 pill> ( indep5d5ce1 prosp]ity1 & lib]ty4 ,public cr$it mu/ be c>efully ma9ta9$1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld h z little z possible to d ) ,european affairs4 ,9 decl9+ a ?ird t]m z ,presid5t1 ,wa%+ton set an example :i* has ev] s9ce be5 foll[$4 ,,*apt] #ba ,,! ,,la/ ,,f$]ali/ ,,adm9i/ration ,sid5ote3 ,hamilton's intrigues aga9/ ,adams4 ,sid5ote3 ,adams elect$1 ,presid5t1 #agif4 #bah4 ,john ,adams elect$ ,presid5t1 #agif4--;,9 #agif ,john ,adams 0 ! ,f$]ali/ c&idate = ,presid5t4 ,8 rival 0 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ! f\nd] & *ief ( ! ,republican p>ty4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 0 ! real lead] ( ! ,f$]ali/s1 & he dislik$ ,adams4 ,?omas ,p9ckney 0 ! ,f$]ali/ c&idate = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,hamilton sugge/$ a plan :i* he ?\ght w\ld lead to ! election ( ,p9ckney z ,presid5t in/ead ( ,adams4 ,b ,hamilton's s*eme did n turn out v well4 ,= by x ,jeff]son 0 elect$ ,vice-,presid5t4 ,inde$1 he came ne> be+ ,presid5t1 = he _h only ?ree less electoral votes ?an ,adams4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ) ,france1 #agif-ig4 ,mc,master1 #baj-bab2 ,s\rce-,book1 #aia-aid4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fr5* gov]nm5t decl9es to receive an ,am]ican m9i/]4 #bai4 ,m ,tr\ble ) ,france4--,france 0 n[ 7#agif-ig7 gov]n$ by five *iefs ( ! ,revolution1 :o call$ !mselves ! ,directory4 ,!y 7 v angry :5 !y he>d ( ,jay's ,treaty 7p4 #afh71 = !y _h hop$ t ! ,am]icans w\ld make w> on ! ,briti%4 ,james ,monroe 0 !n ,am]ican m9i/] at ,p>is4 ,in/ead ( do+ all he c\ld to smoo? ov] ?is difficulty1 he urg$ on ! wra? ( ! ,directory4 ,wa%+ton recall$ ,monroe1 & s5t 9 8 /ead ,g5]al ,*>les ,coteswor? ,p9ckney ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,directory promptly refus$ to receive ,p9ckney1 & ord]$ him to leave ,france4 ,news ( ?is action ( ! ,directory rea*$ ,philadelphia ?ree days aft] ,adams's inauguration4 ,sid5ote3 ,adams's message1 #agig4 ,sid5ote3 ,a commission s5t to ,france1 #agig4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,x4,y4,z4 ,affair1 #agig-ih4 #bbj4 ,! ,x4,y4,z4 ,affair1 #agig-ih4--;,adams at once summon$ ,congress & address$ ! memb]s 9 /irr+ words4 ,he d5i$ t ! ,am]icans 7 a degrad$ p1 humiliat$ "u a colonial s5se ( fe> 444 & reg>dless ( national honor1 "*1 & int]e/4 ,x seem$ be/1 h[ev]1 to make "o m ef=t to avoid w>4 ,adams !re=e s5t ,john ,m>%all1 a ,virg9ia ,f$]ali/1 & ,elbridge ,g]ry1 a ,massa*usetts ,republican1 to ,france4 ,!y 7 to jo9 ,p9ckney & toge!r 7 to negotiate ) ! ,fr5* ,directory4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ,p>is ?ree m5 came to see !m4 ,^! m5 said t ,am]ica 7#a7 mu/ apologize = ! ,presid5t's vigor\s words1 7#b7 mu/ l5d money to ,france1 & 7#c7 mu/ bribe ! ,directory & ! ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs4 ,^! outrage\s sugge/ions 7 emphatically put aside4 ,9 s5d+ ! pap]s to ,congress1 ! ?ree m5 7 call$ ,mr4 ,x41 ,mr4 ,y41 & ,mr4 ,z41 s ! incid5t is always kn[n z ! ,x4,y4,z4 ,affair4 ,sid5ote3 ,excitem5t 9 ,am]ica4 #bba4 ,indignation 9 ,am]ica4--,f$]ali/s & ,republicans jo9$ 9 indignation4 ,millions = def5se1 n "o c5t = tribute1 0 ! cry ( ! day4 ,fr5* flags 7 ev]y:]e torn d[n4 ,hail ,columbia 0 ev]y:]e sung4 ,adams decl>$ t he w\ld n s5d ano!r m9i/] to ,france until he 0 assur$ t ! repres5tative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be receiv$ z ! repres5tative ( a great1 free1 p[]ful1 & indep5d5t /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ton appo9t$ ,comm&]-9-*ief4 ,hamilton & ,adams4 ,sid5ote3 ,! navy4 ,sid5ote3 ,naval w>f>e1 #agih-ii4 ,mc,master1 #bac-bad4 #bbb4 ,w> ) ,france1 #agig-ih4--,! organization ( a provisional army 0 n[ at once begun4 ,wa%+ton accept$ ! *ief comm& on condition t ,hamilton %\ld h ! second place4 ,!re 7 already a few vessels 9 ! navy4 ,a ,navy ,dep>tm5t 0 n[ organiz$4 ,! build+ ( m w>%ips 0 begun1 & m]*ant vessels 7 b\ght & conv]t$ into cruis]s4 ,fr5* private]s sail$ along ! ,am]ican coa/s & captur$ ,am]ican vessels (f ! entrances ( ! pr9cipal h>bors4 ,b ?is did n la/ long4 ,= ! ,am]ican w>%ips drove ! private]s to ! ,we/ ,indies & pursu$ !m z !y fl$ s\?w>d4 ,soon ! ,am]ican cruis]s began to capture ,fr5* m5-(-w>4 ,capta9 ,truxton1 9 ! ,con/ellation1 captur$ ! ,fr5* frigate ,l',insurg5t4 ,_m o!r ,fr5* vessels 7 captur$1 & prep>ations 7 made to c>ry on ! naval w> ev5 m vigor\sly :5 a treaty ) ,france 0 sign$4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r commission s5t to ,france4 ,sid5ote3 ,! treaty ( #ahjj4 #bbc4 ,treaty ) ,france1 #ahjj4--,?is vigor conv9c$ ! ,fr5* t !y _h be5 ha/y 9 _! treatm5t ( ! ,am]icans4 ,!y n[ said t if ano!r m9i/] 7 s5t to ,france1 he w\ld be honorably receiv$4 ,adams wi%$ to s5d "o ( ! ,am]ican m9i/]s !n 9 ,europe1 & ?us end ! dispute z soon z possible4 ,b ! o!r ,f$]ali/ lead]s ?\ght t x w\ld be bett] to wait until ,france s5t a m9i/] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f9ally !y cons5t$ to ! appo9tm5t ( ?ree commission]s4 ,napoleon ,bonap>te 0 n[ ! rul] ( ,france4 ,he receiv$ ! commission]s honorably1 & a treaty 0 soon sign$4 ,on two po9ts1 h[ev]1 he refus$ to give way4 ,he decl9$ to pay = ,am]ican prop]ty seiz$ by ! ,fr5*1 & he insi/$ t ! treaty ( #aggh 7pp4 #aae1 #aff7 0 /ill b9d+ on bo? c\ntries4 ,x 0 f9ally agre$ t ! ,am]icans %\ld give up _! claims = damages1 & ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t %\ld p]mit ! treaty to be annull$4 ,john ,adams always look$ ^u ?is peaceful end+ ( ! dispute ) ,france z ! mo/ prud5t & successful act ( 8 :ole life4 ,b ,hamilton & o!r ,f$]ali/s ?\ght x 0 trea*]y to ! p>ty4 ,!y set to "w to prev5t 8 relection to ! presid5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,repressive ,laws4 ,mc,master1 #baa-bab4 ,sid5ote3 ,! naturalization act4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ali5 acts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s$ition ,act4 #bbd4 ,ali5 & ,s$ition ,acts1 #agih4--,! ,f$]ali/s1 ev5 if !y _h be5 unit$1 w\ld probably h be5 defeat$ 9 ! election ( #ahjj4 ,= !y _h misus$ _! p[] to pass sev]al v fooli% laws4 ,! fir/ ( ^! laws 0 ! ,naturalization ,act4 ,x l5g!n$ ! "t ( resid5ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f five to f\rte5 ye>s be=e a =eign immigrant c\ld ga9 ! "r to vote4 ,?is law bore v h>%ly on ! ,republicans1 because mo/ ( ! immigrants 7 ,republicans4 ,o!r laws1 call$ ! ,ali5 ,acts1 7 also aim$ at ! ,republican immigrants4 ,^! laws gave ! ,presid5t p[] to compel immigrants to leave ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or to live 9 c]ta9 places t he nam$4 ,! wor/ law ( all 0 ! ,s$ition ,act4 ,?is 0 aim$ aga9/ ! writ]s & pr9t]s ( ,republican newspap]s4 ,x provid$ t any "o :o attack$ ! gov]nm5t 9 ! press %\ld be sev]ely puni%$ z a s$iti\s p]son4 ,sev]al trials 7 held "u ?is law4 ,e trial made hundr$s ( p]sons det]m9$ to vote = ! ,republican c&idate at ! next election4 ,sid5ote3 ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,resolutions #agih-ii4 ,mc,master1 #bab-bac4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son & ,madison on ! ,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,k5tucky ,resolutions ( #agii4 #bbe4 ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,resolutions1 #agih-ii4--;,9 ! excit+ ye>s be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w> ! colonial legislatures _h pass$ _m resolutions condemn+ ! acts ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t 7see pp4 #gg1 #hd74 ,foll[+ ?is example ,jeff]son & ,madison n[ br\ght x ab\t t ! ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky legislatures pass$ resolutions aga9/ ! ,ali5 & ,s$ition ,acts4 ,!y decl>$ t ! ,con/itution 0 a compact betwe5 ! /ates4 ,x foll[$ f ?is t any /ate c\ld det]m9e = itself :e!r any act ( ,congress 7 con/itutional or n4 ,x foll[$ f1 ?is1 aga91 t any /ate c\ld refuse to p]mit an ,act ( ,congress to be en=c$ )9 its limits4 ,9 o!r words1 any /ate c\ld make null or nullify any ,act ( ,congress t x saw fit to oppose4 ,?is la/ conclusion 0 f\nd only 9 ! ,k5tucky ,resolutions ( #agii4 ,b ,jeff]son wrote to ?is effect 9 ! orig9al draft ( ! ,k5tucky ,resolutions ( #agih4 ,! ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,resolutions call$ ! vot]'s att5tion to ! ,f$]ali/ abuse ( p[] & did mu* to =m public op9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,wa%+ton1 #agii4 #bbf4 ,dea? ( ,wa%+ton1 #agii4--;,9 ! mid/ ( ?is excitem5t ,george ,wa%+ton di$4 ,p =got h[ /rongly he _h tak5 ! ,f$]ali/ side 9 ! la/ few ye>s1 & unit$ to d honor to 8 memory4 ,h5ry ,lee spoke = ! nation :5 he decl>$ t ,wa%+ton 0 fir/ 9 w>1 fir/ 9 peace1 & fir/ 9 ! he>ts ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,to ?is day1 we commemorate ,wa%+ton's bir?day z we d t ( no o!r man1 ?\gh ( late ye>s we h begun to keep ,l9coln's bir?day also4 ,sid5ote3 ,election ( #ahjj4 ,mc,master1 #bae4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son & ,burr4 ,sid5ote3 ,! election 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 #bbg4 ,election ( #ahjj4--;,x 0 = a mom5t only t ! noise ( p>ty conflict 0 hu%$ by ! dea? ( ,am]ica's fir/ ,presid5t4 ,! /rife soon began anew4 ,inde$1 ! election ( #ahjj 0 f\ght ) a vigor & viol5ce unkn[n be=e1 & sc>cely exce$$ s9ce4 ,john ,adams 0 ! ,f$]ali/ c&idate1 & he 0 defeat$4 ,jeff]son & ,burr1 ! ,republican c&idates1 ea* receiv$ sev5ty-?ree electoral votes4 ,b :i* ( !m %\ld be ,presid5t8 ,! ,republican vot]s cle>ly wi%$ ,jeff]son to be ,presid5t4 ,b ! ,f$]ali/s _h a majority 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,!y _h a cle> legal "r to elect ,burr ,presid5t4 ,b to d t w\ld be to d :at 0 morally wrong4 ,aft] a useless /ruggle ! ,f$]ali/s p]mitt$ ,jeff]son to be *os51 & he 0 inaugurat$ on ,m>* #d1 #ahja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,presid5t ,,wa%+ton1 #agij4 ,obs]ve good fai? & ju/ice t[>ds all nations4--,f>ewell ,address4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #ai #aib-aid4--;a4 ,describe ! me?od ( elect+ ,presid5t employ$ at fir/4 b4 ,describe ,wa%+ton's j\rney to ,new ,york & ! inaugural c]emonies1 & comp>e !m ) ! inauguration ( ! la/ ,presid5t4 #aie1 #aif4--;a4 ,9 ^: h&s d appo9tm5ts to f$]al (fices lie8 b4 ,:at 0 ! great diff]5ce m5tion$ 9 #aif8 ,:y 0 ! diff]5ce s great8 #aig1 #aih4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,wa%+ton /iff & ari/ocratic8 b4 ,w\ld ,wa%+ton h accept$ ! title ( k+8 ,give ! reasons = y\r answ]4 #aii-bjb4--;a4 ,give ! reasons = ! diff]5t views express$ 9 ,congress z to cu/oms duties4 ,:at are cu/oms duties8 b4 ,expla9 h[ slav]y influ5c$ ! views ( ! ,s\!rn memb]s4 c4 ,comp>e ! ext5t & population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #agia ) ! ext5t & population to-day4 d4 ,:at two new /ates 7 admitt$ 9 #agia-ib8 ,:at 0 _! attitude on slav]y8 ,:at *anges w\ld _! admission make 9 ,congress8 #bjc1 #bjd4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ,hamilton's plan4 ,:at 7 its advantages8 ,:at is meant by ! phrase public cr$it8 b4 ,:at is meant by ! phrase assumption ( ! /ate debts8 #bje1 #bjf4--;a4 ,:at "q arose conc]n+ ! site ( ! national capital8 ,h[ 0 x settl$8 ,0 ?is a good way to settle important que/ions8 b4 ,:y did ,hamilton want a ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,0 ?is bank l "o ( ! national banks ( to-day8 ,,*apt] #bj #bjg1 #bjh4--;a4 ,comp>e c>efully ! pr9ciples ( ! ,f$]ali/s & ! ,republicans4 ,:i* p>ty w\ld y h jo9$ _h y liv$ !n8 ,:y8 ,:i* ideas prevail to-day8 b4 ,discuss ,jeff]son's views z to ! value ( newspap]s4 #bji-bab4--;a4 ,:y did ! ,republicans sympa?ize ) ! ,fr5* ,revolution8 b4 ,h[ 0 ! action ( ! ,republicans reg>d$ by ,wa%+ton8 ,by ,hamilton8 c4 ,:y did ,wa%+ton issue ! ,proclamation ( ,neutrality8 #bac4--;a4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a tax laid by a t>iff on import$ goods & an int]nal rev5ue tax8 b4 ,h[ 0 ! rebellion suppress$8 ,comp>e ?is ) ,%ays's ,rebellion4 #bad-baf4--;a4 ,/ate ! reasons = ! tr\ble ) ,great ,brita94 ,h[ 0 ! matt] settl$8 b4 ,expla9 ! tr\ble ov] ! traffic on ! ,mississippi4 c4 ,h[ 0 ?is matt] settl$8 #bag4--;a4 ,:y did ,wa%+ton decl9e a ?ird t]m8 b4 ,:at are ! important po9ts 9 8 ,f>ewell ,address8 c4 ,h[ f> has lat] hi/ory prov$ ! tru? ( 8 words8 ,,*apt] #ba #bah4--;a4 ,h[ did ,hamilton set to "w to defeat ,adams8 ,d y ?9k 8 action ju/ifiable8 b4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ,hamilton's intrigues8 #bai-bba4--;a4 ,to :at 0 ! refusal to receive ,p9ckney equival5t8 ,describe ! ,x4 ,y4 ,z4 ,affair4 b4 ,:at is a bribe8 ,h[ mu/ brib]y 9 political life affect a gov]nm5t8 c4 ,h[ 0 ! news ( ?is affair receiv$ 9 ,am]ica8 ,:at does ?is %[ ab\t ! feel+ ( bo? p>ties t[>d ! gov]nm5t8 #bbb1 #bbc4--;a4 ,describe ! prep>ations = w>4 ,:y 0 a ,navy ,dep>tm5t necess>y8 b4 ,:y 0 ,france wise to make peace ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 c4 ,h[ 0 ! matt] f9ally settl$8 #bbd1 #bbe4--;a4 ,describe ! ,naturalization ,act4 b4 ,:at p[] did ! ,ali5 ,act give ! ,presid5t8 ,:at dang] is !re 9 su* p[]8 c4 ,:at is s$ition8 ,comp>e ! ,s$ition ,act ) ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t4 d4 ,:at 7 ! !ories on :i* ! ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia ,resolutions 7 bas$8 #bbf1 #bbg4--;a4 ,:at position does ,wa%+ton hold 9 our hi/ory8 ,:y is x des]v$8 b4 ,describe ! election ( #ahjj4 ,:y 0 x f\ght s bitt]ly8 c4 ,:y %\ld disputes z to elections = ,presid5t g to ! ,h\se8 d4 ,h[ 0 x kn[n t ,jeff]son's election 0 ! wi% ( ! vot]s8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,write an acc\nt ( life 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t #agij1 or life 9 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 ,*>le/on4 b4 ,prep>e a table ( ! two political p>ties m5tion$1 ) dates & acc\nt ( orig94 ,z y g on1 note ^u ?is table *anges 9 ^! p>ties & ! rise ( new ones4 c4 ,on an ,outl9e ,map color ! ?irte5 orig9al /ates & !n fill 91 ) dates1 new /ates z !y are admitt$4 ,write on ea* /ate ,f4 = free or ,s4 = slave1 z ! case may be4 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,e>ly life ( ,wa%+ton1 ,john ,adams1 ,jeff]son1 or ,hamilton4 b4 ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address4 ,,sugge/ions ,9 ?is p]iod we meet two que/ions1 :i* are /ill important1 t>iff legislation & political p>ties4 ,9 connection ) ! ,t>iff ,act ( #aghi 7 #bjj71 t\* ^u ! indu/ries ( ! diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry & expla9 h[ local int]e/s affect$ m5's actions4 ,%[ h[ compromise is (t5 necess>y 9 political action4 ,x is a good plan to use ,outl9e ,maps to %[ ! important l9es ( developm5t1 z ! gradual drift+ ap>t ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? on ! slav]y "q4 ,illu/rate by suppos$ transactions ! work+ ( ,hamilton's f9ancial measures4 ,by all means d n neglect a /udy ( ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! two views ( con/itutional int]pretation m5tion$ 9 #bjg1 & consid]able "t %\ld be sp5t on a /udy ( #bbd & #bbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahjj4 ,,viii ,,! ,,jeff]sonian ,,republicans1 #ahja-ahab ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,higg9son's ,l>g] ,hi/ory1 #cdd-cfe2 ,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv1 #abg-ahd2 ,s*\l]'s ,jeff]son4 ,home ,read+4--,c(f9's ,build+ ! ,nation2 ,drake's ,mak+ ! ,ohio ,valley ,/ates2 ,hale's ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry & ,philip ,nolan's ,fri5ds4 ,,*apt] #bb ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahjj ,sid5ote3 ,area4 ,sid5ote3 ,population4 #bbh4 ,area & ,population1 #ahjj4--,! area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjj 0 ! same z at ! close ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,b ! population _h begun to increase rapidly4 ,9 #agia !re 7 ne>ly f\r million p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by #ahjj ?is numb] _h ris5 to five & "o-qu>t] millions4 ,two-?irds ( ! p /ill liv$ on or ne> tide-wat]4 ,b already ne>ly f\r hundr$ ?\s& p liv$ we/ ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,9 #agia ! c5tre ( population _h be5 ea/ ( ,baltimore4 ,x 0 n[ eighte5 miles we/ ( t city 7p4 #aeg74 ,sid5ote3 ,philadelphia4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,! new capital4 #bbi4 ,cities & ,t[ns 9 #ahjj4--,philadelphia 0 ! l>ge/ city 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x _h a population ( sev5ty ?\s&4 ,b ,new ,york 0 n f> beh9d ,philadelphia 9 population4 ,except ^! two1 no city 9 ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates _h m ?an ?irty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! seat ( gov]nm5t _h be5 remov$ f ,philadelphia to ,wa%+ton4 ,b ! new capital 0 a city only 9 "n4 ,"o broad long /reet1 ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 l$ f ! unf9i%$ ,capitol to ! unf9i%$ ,:ite ,h\se4 ,congress held its sessions 9 a tempor>y wood5 build+4 ,! ,:ite ,h\se c\ld be liv$ 94 ,b ,mrs4 ,adams f\nd ! unf9i%$ reception room v conv5i5t = dry+ clo!s on ra9y ,mondays4 ,a few *eaply built & v uncom=table bo>d+-h\ses complet$ ! city4 ,sid5ote3 ,roads1 coa*es1 & inns4 ,sid5ote3 ,travel+ by wat]4 #bcj4 ,travel+ 9 #ahjj4--,! travel] 9 ^? days _h a v h>d "t4 ,on ! be/ roads ( ! nor?1 9 ! be/ coa*1 & ) ! be/ wea!r "o might cov] z _m z =ty miles a day4 ,b ! travel] _h to />t v e>ly 9 ! morn+ to d ?is4 ,g5]ally he ?\ght himself =tunate if he made tw5ty-five miles 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,s\? ( ! ,potomac !re 7 no public coa*es1 & ! travel] g5]ally rode on horseback4 ,a few ri* m5 l ,wa%+ton rode 9 _! own coa*es4 ,ev]y:]e1 nor? & s\?1 ! inns 7 uncom=table & ! food 0 poor4 ,:5ev] x 0 possible ! travel] w5t by wat]4 ,b t 0 dang]\s "w4 ,ligh?\ses 7 f> ap>t1 !re 7 no public buoys to guide ! m>9]1 & almo/ no?+ _h be5 done to improve navigation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cl]mont1 #ahjg4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ /eamboat ,sid5ote3 ,fulton's /eamboat1 #ahjg4 ,higg9son1 #bda-bdb4 #bca4 ,! ,/eamboat4--,! /eamboat came to *ange all ?is4 ,:ile ,wa%+ton 0 /ill ,presid5t1 a que]-look+ boat sail$ up & d[n ! ,delaw>e4 ,%e 0 propell$ by o>s or paddles :i* 7 work$ by /eam4 ,?is boat mu/ h be5 v uncom=table1 & few p]sons wi%$ to g on h]4 ,rob]t ,fulton made ! fir/ successful /eamboat4 ,%e 0 nam$ ! ,cl]mont & 0 laun*$ 9 #ahjg4 ,%e _h paddle :eels & /eam$ aga9/ ! w9d & tide ( ! ,hudson ,riv]4 ,at fir/ "s p ?\ght t %e 0 bewit*$4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t %e ran safely & regul>ly1 p began to travel on h]4 ,be=e a great :ile /eamboats appe>$ 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,we/]n pione]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5ts on ! ,ohio4 ,eggle/on1 #bcb-bcd2 ,higg9son1 #bdc4 #bcb4 ,mak+ ( ! ,we/4--,ev5 be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w> explor]s & settl]s _h cross$ ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s4 ,9 ,wa%+ton's "t pione]s1 leav+ ,pittsburg1 float$ d[n ! ,ohio ,riv] 9 flatboats4 ,"s ( ^! settl$ ,c9c9nati4 ,o!rs w5t f>!r d[n ! riv] to ,l\isville1 9 ,k5tucky1 & /ill o!rs f\nd$ ,:eel+ & ,m>ietta4 ,9 #ahaa ! fir/ /eamboat appe>$ on ! ,we/]n riv]s4 ,! :ole problem ( liv+ 9 ! ,we/ rapidly *ang$4 ,= ! /eamboat c\ld g up /ream z well z d[n /ream4 ,communication betwe5 ! new settlem5ts1 & ,new ,orleans & ,pittsburg1 0 n[ mu* saf] & v mu* easi]4 ,sid5ote3 ,cotton gr[+4 ,sid5ote3 ,beg9n+ ( exportation1 #aghd4 #bcc4 ,cotton ,gr[+ 9 ! ,s\?4--,cotton _h be5 gr[n 9 ! ,s\? = _m ye>s4 ,x _h be5 made on ! plantations into a r\gh clo?4 ,v little _h be5 s5t away4 ,! reason = ?is 0 t x took a v long "t to sep>ate ! cotton fib] f ! se$4 ,"o slave work+ = a :ole day c\ld h>dly clean m ?an a p\nd ( cotton4 ,/ill z "t w5t on m cotton 0 gr[n4 ,9 #aghd a few bags ( cotton 7 s5t to ,engl&4 ,! ,engli%m5 promptly seiz$ x because !y did n believe t s mu* cotton c\ld be gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 #agia ne>ly two hundr$ ?\s& p\nds ( cotton 7 export$ f ! ,s\?4 ,!n came ,:itney's great inv5tion1 :i* entirely *ang$ ! :ole hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,virg9ia4 ,z design$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,sid5ote3 ,eli ,:itney4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 cotton g91 #agic4 ,mc,master1 #aie-aif4 #bcd4 ,:itney's ,cotton ,g91 #agic4--;,eli ,:itney 0 a ,connecticut s*oolma/]4 ,he w5t to ,georgia to tea* ,g5]al ,gre5e's *ildr54 ,he 0 v +5i\s1 & "o day ,mrs4 ,gre5e sugge/$ to him t he might make a ma*9e :i* w\ld sep>ate ! cotton fib] f ! cotton se$4 ,:itney set to "w & soon made an eng9e or g91 z he call$ x1 t w\ld d ?is4 ,! fir/ ma*9e 0 a rude affair4 ,b ev5 ) x "o slave c\ld clean "o hundr$ p\nds ( cotton 9 a day4 ,mrs4 ,gre5e's neighbors promptly broke into ,:itney's %op & /ole 8 ma*9e4 ,:itney's cotton g9 made ! gr[+ ( cotton pr(itable & s fa/5$ slav]y on ! ,s\?4 ,) ! exception ( ! /eam locomotive 7p4 #bda7 & ! reap] 7p4 #bfj71 no inv5tion has s trem5d\sly influ5c$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly manufactures4 #bce4 ,colonial ,manufactures4--,be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w> !re 7 v few mills or factories 9 ! colonies4 ,!re 0 no money to put into su* und]tak+s & no op]atives to "w ! mills if !y _h be5 built4 ,! only colonial manufactures t am\nt$ to mu* 7 ! mak+ ( nails & %oes4 ,^! articles c\ld be made at home on ! f>ms1 9 ! w9t]1 :5 no "w c\ld be done out ( doors4 ,sid5ote3 ,new manufactures e/abli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,inv5tion ( cotton sp9n+ ma*9]y4 #bcf4 ,gr[? ( ,manufactures1 #aghi-ahjj4--;,z soon z ! new gov]nm5t ) its wide p[]s 0 e/abli%$1 manufactur+ />t$ into life4 ,old mills 7 set to "w4 ,:ile ! ,revolution _h be5 go+ on 9 ,am]ica1 great improvem5ts 9 ! sp9n+ ( y>n & ! weav+ ( clo? _h be5 made 9 ,engl&4 ,p>liam5t made laws to prev5t ! export f ,engl& ( ma*9]y or patt]ns ( ma*9]y4 ,b x c\ld n prev5t ,engli%m5 f com+ to ,am]ica4 ,among ! rec5t immigrants to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ,samuel ,slat]4 ,he br\ght no patt]ns ) him4 ,b he 0 famili> ) ! new me?ods ( sp9n+4 ,he soon built sp9n+ ma*9]y4 ,new cotton mills 7 n[ set up 9 sev]al places4 ,b x 0 "s "t be=e ! new weav+ ma*9]y 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] #bc ,,jeff]son',s ,,adm9i/rations ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son's political ideas4 ,higg9son #bci2 ,mc,master1 #baf4 ,sid5ote3 ,republican simplicity4 #bcg4 ,presid5t ,jeff]son4--,?omas ,jeff]son 0 a ,republican4 ,he believ$ 9 ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,he believ$ ! wisdom ( ! p to be ! be/ guide4 ,he wi%$ ! ,presid5t to be simple & cordial 9 8 relations ) 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,adams _h ridd5 to 8 inauguration 9 a coa* drawn by six cream-color$ horses4 ,jeff]son walk$ ) a few fri5ds f 8 bo>d+ h\se to ! ,capitol4 ,wa%+ton & ,adams _h gone 9 /ate to ,congress & _h op5$ ! session ) a spee*4 ,jeff]son s5t a writt5 message to ,congress by a mess5g]4 ,in/ead ( b[+ /iffly to ^? :o came to see him1 he %ook h&s ) !m & tri$ to make !m feel at ease 9 8 pres5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,proscription ( ,republicans by ! ,f$]ali/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,adams's midnight appo9tm5ts4 #bch4 ,! ,civil ,s]vice4--,"o ( ! fir/ matt]s to take ,jeff]son's att5tion 0 ! condition ( ! civil s]vice4 ,!re 0 n a ,republican (fice-hold] 9 ! gov]nm5t s]vice4 ,wa%+ton1 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 presid5cy1 & ,adams also _h giv5 (fice only to ,f$]ali/s4 ,jeff]son ?\ght x 0 absolutely necess>y to h "s (ficials ^u :om he c\ld rely4 ,s he remov$ a few ,f$]ali/ (ficehold]s & appo9t$ ,republicans to _! places4 ,adams _h ev5 gone s f> z to appo9t (fic]s up to midnight ( 8 la/ day 9 (fice4 ,inde$1 ,john ,m>%all1 8 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 0 busy sign+ commissions :5 ,jeff]son's ,attorney ,g5]al walk$ 9 ) 8 wat* 9 h& & told ,m>%all t x 0 twelve o'clock4 ,jeff]son & ,madison1 ! new ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 refus$ to deliv] ^! commissions ev5 :5 ,m>%all z ,*ief ,ju/ice ord]$ ,madison to deliv] !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,judici>y ,act1 #ahja4 ,sid5ote3 ,repeal$ by ,republicans ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son & appo9tm5ts4 #bci4 ,! ,judici>y ,act ( #ahja4--,"o ( ! la/ laws made by ! ,f$]ali/s 0 ! ,judici>y ,act ( #ahja4 ,?is law greatly enl>g$ ! national judici>y1 & ,adams eag]ly seiz$ ! opportunity to appo9t 8 fri5ds to ! new (fices4 ,! ,republican ,congress n[ repeal$ ?is ,judici>y ,act & legislat$ out ( (fice all ! new judges4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ,con/itution makes only ! memb]s ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt sure ( _! (fices4 ,congress also got rid ( _m o!r ,f$]ali/ (ficehold]s by repeal+ ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,act 7p4 #afg74 ,b :ile all ?is 0 done1 ,jeff]son /eadily refus$ to appo9t m5 to (fice m]ely because !y 7 ,republicans4 ,"o man claim$ an (fice on ! gr\nd t he 0 a ,republican1 & t ! ,republicans 7 ! saviors ( ! republic4 ,jeff]son repli$ t ,rome _h be5 sav$ by geese1 b he _h nev] he>d t ! geese 7 giv5 (fices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,jeff]son4 ,hone/ fri5d%ip ) all nations1 entangl+ alliances ) none1 444 economy 9 ! public exp5se1 ! hone/ paym5t ( our debts1 & sacr$ pres]vation ( ! public fai?4--,jeff]son's ,fir/ ,inaugural4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp5ses dim9i%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal taxes repeal$4 ,sid5ote3 ,army & navy r$uc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,"p ( ! debt paid4 ,mc,master1 #bag-bah4 #bdj4 ,pay+ ! ,national ,debt4--,jeff]son 0 especially anxi\s to cut d[n ! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t & to pay z mu* z possible ( ! national debt4 ,madison & ,gallat9 work$ he>tily ) him to c>ry out ?is policy4 ,! repeal ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,act took mu* rev5ue f ! gov]nm5t4 ,b x also did away ) ! sal>ies ( a great _m (ficials4 ,! repeal ( ! ,judici>y ,act also put an end to _m sal>ies4 ,n[ t ! dispute ) ,france 0 end$1 ,jeff]son ?\ght t ! army & navy might safely be r$uc$4 ,mo/ ( ! naval vessels 7 sold4 ,a few good %ips 7 kept at sea1 & ! re/ 7 ti$ up at ! :>ves4 ,! numb] ( m9i/]s to ,european /ates 0 r$uc$ to ! l[e/ possible limit1 & ! civil s]vice at home 0 also cut d[n4 ,! exp5ses ( ! gov]nm5t 7 9 ^! ways greatly less5$4 ,at ! same "t ! rev5ue f ! cu/oms s]vice increas$4 ,! result 0 t 9 ! eight ye>s ( ,jeff]son's adm9i/rations ! national debt %rank f eighty-?ree million doll>s to =ty-five million doll>s4 ,yet 9 ! same "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates paid fifte5 million doll>s = ,l\isiana1 & wag$ a s]ies ( successful & co/ly w>s ) ! pirates ( ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,africa4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,spani>ds 9 ,l\isiana & ,florida4 ,mc,master1 #bah-bai4 ,sid5ote3 ,france secures ,l\isiana4 #bda4 ,l\isiana aga9 a ,fr5* ,colony4--,spani% t]ritory n[ b\nd$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! s\? & ! we/4 ,! ,spani>ds 7 n good neighbors1 because x 0 v h>d to make !m come to an agreem5t1 & next to impossible to make !m keep an agreem5t :5 x 0 made4 ,b ?is did n matt] v mu*1 because ,spa9 0 a weak p[] & 0 gr[+ weak] e ye>4 ,soon] or lat] ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld ga9 its po9t4 ,sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 x 0 ann\nc$ t ,france _h got back ,l\isiana4 ,& almo/ at ! same mom5t ! ,spani% gov]nor ( ,l\isiana said t ,am]icans c\ld no long] deposit _! goods at ,new ,orleans 7p4 #agj74 ,at once !re 0 a great outcry 9 ! ,we/4 ,jeff]son det]m9$ to buy f ,france ,new ,orleans & ! l& ea/w>d f ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jackson ,,squ>e1 ,,new ,,orleans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,r4 ,,liv+/on4 ,sid5ote3 ,napoleon's policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,he (f]s to sell ,l\isiana4 #bdb4 ,! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase1 #ahjc4--,:5 ,napoleon got ,l\isiana f ,spa91 he _h an idea ( aga9 f\nd+ a great ,fr5* colony 9 ,am]ica4 ,at ! mom5t ,france & ,great ,brita9 7 at peace4 ,b x soon look$ z if w> w\ld beg9 aga94 ,napoleon knew t ! ,briti% w\ld at once seize ,l\isiana & he c\ld n keep x anyway4 ,s "o day1 :5 ! ,am]icans & ! ,fr5* 7 talk+ ab\t ! pur*ase ( ,new ,orleans1 ! ,fr5* m9i/] sudd5ly ask$ if ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld n l to buy ! :ole ( ,l\isiana4 ,monroe & ,liv+/on1 ! ,am]ican m9i/]s1 _h no au?ority to buy ,l\isiana4 ,b ! pur*ase ( ! :ole colony w\ld be a great b5efit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s !y quickly agre$ to pay fifte5 million doll>s = ! :ole ( ,l\isiana4 ,sid5ote3 ,l\isiana pur*as$1 #ahjc4 ,higg9son1 #bdd-bde2 ,eggle/on1 #bcd2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bjj-bjb4 ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( ! pur*ase4 #bdc4 ,! ,treaty ,ratifi$4--,jeff]son f\nd himself 9 a /range position4 ,! ,con/itution n[h]e delegat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates p[] to acquire t]ritory 7p4 #afd74 ,b aft] ?9k+ x ov] ,jeff]son felt sure t ! p w\ld approve ( ! pur*ase4 ,! treaty 0 ratifi$4 ,! money 0 paid4 ,?is pur*ase turn$ out to be a mo/ =tunate ?+4 ,x gave to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! :ole we/]n valley ( ! ,mississippi4 ,x also gave to ,am]icans ! opportunity to explore & settle ,oregon1 :i* lay beyond ! limits ( ,l\isiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahjc4 ,sid5ote3 ,lewis & ,cl>k1 #ahjd-f4 ,higg9son1 #bde-bdg2 ,mc,master1 #bai-bba2,s\rce-,book1 #bjf-bji4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m\? ( ! ,oregon4 #bdd4 ,lewis & ,cl>k's ,explorations4--,jeff]son soon s5t out sev]al exp$itions to explore ! unkn[n portions ( ! cont95t4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! 0 ! exp$ition l$ by two army (fic]s1 ,m]iwe!r ,lewis & ,william ,cl>k1 bro!r ( ,g5]al ,george ,rog]s ,cl>k 7p4 #aaf74 ,leav+ ,/4 ,l\is !y sl[ly asc5d$ ! muddy ,miss\ri4 ,!y pass$ ! site ( ! pres5t city ( ,omaha4 ,!y pass$ ! ,c\ncil ,bluffs4 ,! curr5t ( ! riv] n[ became s rapid t ! explor]s left _! boats & travel$ along ! riv]'s bank4 ,!y ga9$ ! s\rces ( ! ,miss\ri1 & came to a we/w>d-fl[+ riv]4 ,on1 on !y foll[$ x until !y came to ! riv]'s m\?4 ,a fog hung l[ ov] ! wat]4 ,sudd5ly x lift$4 ,!re be=e ! explor]s' eyes ! riv] 9 waves l small m\nta9s roll$ out 9 ! ocean4 ,!y _h trac$ ! ,columbia ,riv] f its upp] c\rse to ! ,pacific4 ,capta9 ,gray 9 ! ,bo/on %ip ,columbia _h already ent]$ ! m\? ( ! riv]4 ,b ,lewis & ,cl>k 7 ! fir/ :ite m5 to rea* x ov]l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,am5dm5t z to ! election ( ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,twelf? ,am5dm5t1 #ahjd4 #bde4 ,! ,twelf? ,am5dm5t1 #ahjd4--;,f\r presid5tial elections _h n[ be5 held "u ! me?od provid$ by ! ,con/itution4 ,& t me?od _h n work$ well 7pp4 #aga1 #agf74 ,x 0 n[ 7#ahjd7 *ang$ by ! adoption ( ! ,twelf? ,am5dm5t :i* is /ill 9 =ce4 ,! old ma*9]y ( presid5tial electors 0 kept4 ,b x 0 provid$ t 9 ! future ea* elector %\ld vote = ,presid5t & = ,vice-,presid5t on sep>ate & di/9ct ballots4 ,! vot]s _h no m "p 9 ! election "u ! new sy/em ?an !y _h _h "u ! old sy/em4 ,! old me?od ( apportion+ electors among ! /ates 0 also kept4 ,?is gives to ea* /ate z _m electors z x has ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress4 ,no matt] h[ small its t]ritory1 or h[ small its population1 a /ate has at lea/ two ,s5ators & "o ,repres5tative1 &1 !re=e1 ?ree electors4 ,! result is t ea* vot] 9 a small /ate has m influ5ce 9 *oos+ ! ,presid5t ?an ea* vot] 9 a l>ge /ate4 ,inde$1 sev]al ,presid5ts h be5 elect$ by m9orities ( ! vot]s ( ! c\ntry z a :ole4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son relect$1 #ahjd4 ,sid5ote3 ,/r5g? ( ! ,republicans4 #bdf4 ,relection ( ,jeff]son1 #ahjd4--;,jeff]son's fir/ adm9i/ration _h be5 mo/ successful4 ,! ,republicans _h repeal$ _m unpopul> laws4 ,by ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana ! area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5 d\bl$ & an end put to ! dispute z to ! navigation ( ! ,mississippi4 ,! exp5ses ( ! national gov]nm5t _h be5 cut d[n1 & a portion ( ! national debt _h be5 paid4 ,! p 7 prosp]\s & happy4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,jeff]son 0 triumphantly relect$4 ,he receiv$ "o hundr$ & sixty-two electoral votes to only f\rte5 = 8 ,f$]ali/ rival4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/eph5 ,,decatur4 ,,*apt] #bd ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,w> ,,( #ahab ,sid5ote3 ,! ,african pirates4 ,higg9son1 #bcg-bci2 ,eggle/on1 #bbh-bbi4 ,sid5ote3 ,tribute pay+4 ,sid5ote3 ,jeff]son ends ?is sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]o ,tales1 #ajc-aac4 #bdg4 ,! ,nor? ,africa ,pirates4--,/ret*+ along ! nor!rn %ores ( ,africa f ,egypt we/w>d to ! ,atlantic 7 f\r /ates4 ,^! /ates 7 nam$ ,tunis1 ,tripoli1 ,algi]s1 & ,morocco4 ,_! p 7 ,mohamm$ans1 & 7 rul$ ov] by p]sons call$ ,deys or ,beys1 or ,pa*as4 ,^! rul]s f\nd x pr(itable & pleasant to attack & capture ,*ri/ian %ips4 ,! c>goes ( ! captur$ vessels !y sold at good prices1 & ! seam5 & pass5g]s !y sold at good prices too--z slaves4 ,! lead+ p[]s ( ,europe1 in/ead ( de/roy+ ^! pirates1 f\nd x easi] to pay !m to let _! %ips alone4 ,wa%+ton & ,adams also paid !m to all[ ,am]ican %ips to sail unh>m$4 ,b ! pirates 7 nev] satisfi$ ) :at 0 paid !m4 ,jeff]son decid$ to put an end to ?is tribute pay+4 ,he s5t a few %ips to seize ! pirates & %ut up _! h>bors4 ,m & m vessels 7 s5t1 until at la/ ! ,deys & ,beys & ,pa*as ?\ght x w\ld be *eap] to behave !mselves prop]ly4 ,s !y agre$ to release _! ,am]ican prison]s & n to capture any m ,am]ican %ips 7#ahje74 ,9 ^! little w>s ,am]ican naval (fic]s ga9$ mu* useful exp]i5ce & did _m glori\s de$s4 ,especially ,decatur & ,som]s won r5[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,european fight]s attack ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,mc,master1 #bbd-bbf4 #bdh4 ,am]ica1 ,brita91 & ,france4--,napoleon ,bonap>te 0 n[ ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,9 #ahjd he made w> on ! ,briti% & _! allies4 ,soon he became supreme on ! l&1 & ! ,briti% became supreme on ! wat]4 ,!y c\ld no long] fight "o ano!r v easily1 s !y det]m9$ to injure ea* o!r's trade & comm]ce z mu* z possible4 ,! ,briti% decl>$ cont95tal ports clos$ to comm]ce1 & ,napoleon decl>$ all ,briti% comm]ce to be unlawful4 ,( c\rse "u ^! circum/ances ,briti% & ,cont95tal %ips c\ld n c>ry on trade1 & ,am]ican vessels rapidly took _! places4 ,! ,briti% %ip[n]s call$ ^u _! gov]nm5t to put an end to ?is ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,old laws 7 look$ up & en=c$4 ,am]ican vessels t disobey$ !m 7 seiz$ by ! ,briti%4 ,b if any ,am]ican vessel obey$ ^! laws1 ,napoleon seiz$ x z soon z x ent]$ a ,fr5* h>bor4 ,sid5ote3 ,impressm5t4 ,eggle/on1 #bdj4 #bdi4 ,! ,impressm5t ,controv]sy4--,) ! ,briti% ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h /ill ano!r cause ( compla9t4 ,briti% w>%ips /opp$ ,am]ican vessels & took away all _! seam5 :o look$ l ,engli%m54 ,^! !y compell$ to s]ve on ,briti% m5-(-w>4 ,z ,am]icans & ,engli%m5 look$ v mu* alike1 !y g5]ally seiz$ all ! be/-look+ seam54 ,?\s&s ( ,am]icans 7 captur$ 9 ?is way & =c$ into slav]y on ,briti% m5-(-w>4 ,?is me?od ( kidnap+ 0 call$ impressm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! emb>go1 #ahjg4 ,eggle/on1 #bda2 ,mc,master1 #bbf-bbg1 #bbh4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure ( ! emb>go4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bji-baa4 #bej4 ,! ,emb>go1 #ahjg-ahji4--;,jeff]son h>dly knew :at to d4 ,he might decl>e w> on bo? ,great ,brita9 & on ,france4 ,b to d t w\ld surely put a spe$y end to all ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,9 ! old days1 be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 ! coloni/s _h m ?an once br\ght ! ,briti% to t]ms by refus+ to buy _! goods 7pp4 #hd1 #he74 ,jeff]son n[ ?\ght t if ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld refuse to trade ) ! ,briti% & ! ,fr5*1 ! gov]nm5ts bo? ( ,great ,brita9 & ( ,france w\ld be =c$ to treat ,am]ican comm]ce prop]ly4 ,congress !re=e pass$ an ,emb>go ,act4 ,?is =bade vessels to leave ,am]ican ports aft] a c]ta9 day4 ,if ! p _h be5 unit$1 ! emb>go might h done :at ,jeff]son expect$ x w\ld d4 ,b ! p 7 n unit$4 ,especially 9 ,new ,engl&1 ! %ip[n]s tri$ 9 e way to break ! law4 ,?is l$ to ! pass+ ( /rict] laws4 ,f9ally ! ,new ,engl&]s ev5 talk$ ( sec$+ f ! ,union4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,/eam ,,f]ryboat1 ,,ab\t #ahaj4 ,sid5ote3 ,outrage on ! ,*esapeake1 #ahjg4 ,mc,master1 #bbg4 #bea4 ,! ,outrage on ! ,*esapeake1 #ahjg4--,! ,briti% n[ add$ to ! ang] ( ! ,am]icans by impress+ seam5 f ! decks ( an ,am]ican w>%ip4 ,! frigate ,*esapeake left ! ,norfolk navy y>d = a cruise4 ,at once ! ,briti% vessel ,leop>d sail$ t[>d h] & ord]$ h] to /op4 ,z ! ,*esapeake did n /op1 ! ,leop>d fir$ on h]4 ,! ,am]ican frigate 0 j sett+ out1 & ev]y?+ 0 9 confusion on h] decks4 ,b a coal 0 br\ght f ! cook's /ove1 & "o gun 0 fir$4 ,h] flag 0 !n haul$ d[n4 ,! ,briti% came on bo>d & seiz$ f\r seam51 :o !y said 7 des]t]s f ! ,briti% navy4 ,?is outrage ar\s$ trem5d\s excitem5t4 ,jeff]son ord]$ all ,briti% w>%ips out ( ,am]ican wat]s & =bade ! p to supply !m ) provisions1 wat]1 or wood4 ,! ,briti% (f]$ to re/ore ! imprison$ seam5 & ord]$ out ( ,am]ican wat]s ! admiral "u ^: direction ! outrage _h be5 done4 ,b !y w\ld n give up impressm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,madison elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahjh4 #beb4 ,madison elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahjh4--,!re is no?+ 9 ! ,con/itution to limit ! numb] ( times a man may be *os5 ,presid5t4 ,_m p]sons w\ld gladly h vot$ a ?ird "t = ,jeff]son4 ,b he ?\ght t unless "s limit 7 set1 ! p might keep on relect+ a popul> & successful ,presid5t t]m aft] t]m4 ,?is w\ld be v dang]\s to ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,s ,jeff]son foll[$ ,wa%+ton's example & decl9$ a ?ird t]m1 ,wa%+ton & ,jeff]son ?us e/abli%$ a cu/om t has ev] s9ce be5 foll[$4 ,! ,republicans vot$ = ,james ,madison1 & he 0 elect$ ,presid5t 7#ahjh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,d\ble-,,deck$ ,,f]ryboat4 ,sid5ote3 ,non-,int]c\rse ,act1 #ahji4 #bec4 ,! ,non-,int]c\rse ,act1 #ahji4--;,by ?is "t ! emb>go _h become s v unpopul> t x c\ld be ma9ta9$ only at ! co/ ( civil w>4 ,madison sugge/$ t ! ,emb>go ,act %\ld be repeal$1 & a ,non-,int]c\rse ,act pass$ 9 its place4 ,congress at once did z he sugge/$4 ,! ,non-,int]c\rse ,act prohibit$ comm]ce ) ,great ,brita9 & ) ,france & ! c\ntries controll$ by ,france4 ,x p]mitt$ comm]ce ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,!re 7 n _m ,european c\ntries ) :i* ,am]ica c\ld trade "u ?is law4 ,/ill !re 7 a few c\ntries1 z ,norway & ,spa91 :i* /ill ma9ta9$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,& goods c\ld be sold ?r\gh !m to ! o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,at all ev5ts1 no soon] 0 ! emb>go remov$ ?an comm]ce reviv$4 ,rates ( freight 7 v high & ! pr(its 7 v l>ge1 al?\gh ! ,fr5* & ! ,briti% captur$ _m ,am]ican vessels4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ersk9e treaty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% m9i/] ,jackson4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bab-bac #bed4 ,two ,briti% ,m9i/]s4--,soon aft] ,madison's inauguration a new ,briti% m9i/] came to ,wa%+ton4 ,8 "n 0 ,ersk9e1 & he 0 v fri5dly4 ,a treaty 0 spe$ily made on conditions :i* ,madison ?\ght c\ld be grant$4 ,he susp5d$ non-int]c\rse ) ,great ,brita91 & hundr$s ( vessels set sail = t c\ntry4 ,b ! ,briti% rul]s soon put an end to ?is fri5dly feel+4 ,!y said t ,ersk9e _h no au?ority to make su* a treaty4 ,!y refus$ to c>ry x out & recall$ ,ersk9e4 ,! next ,briti% m9i/] 0 a p]son nam$ ,jackson4 ,he accus$ ,madison ( *eat+ ,ersk9e & repeat$ ! accusation4 ,!reupon ,madison s5t him back to ,london4 ,z ! ,briti% w\ld n c>ry out ! t]ms ( ,ersk9e's treaty1 ,madison 0 compell$ to prohibit all int]c\rse ) ,great ,brita94 ,sid5ote3 ,/ill ano!r policy4 ,mc,master1 #bbi-bcj4 ,sid5ote3 ,fr5* trick]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,briti% trick]y4 #bee4 ,briti% & ,fr5* ,trick]y4--,! s*eme ( non-int]c\rse did n seem to br+ ! ,briti% & ! ,fr5* to t]ms mu* bett] ?an ! emb>go _h done4 ,9 #ahaj1 !re=e1 ,congress set to "w & produc$ a ?ird plan4 ,?is 0 to all[ int]c\rse ) bo? ,great ,brita9 & ,france4 ,b ?is 0 c\pl$ ) ! promise t if "o ( ! two nations /opp$ seiz+ ,am]ican %ips & ! o!r did n1 !n int]c\rse ) ! unfri5dly c\ntry %\ld be prohibit$4 ,napoleon at once said t he w\ld /op seiz+ ,am]ican vessels on ,novemb] #a ( t ye> if ! ,briti%1 on _! "p1 w\ld /op _! seizures be=e t "t4 ,! ,briti% said t !y w\ld /op seiz+ :5 ,napoleon did4 ,nei!r ( !m really did any?+ except to keep on captur+ ,am]ican vessels :5ev] !y c\ld get a *ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,indians ( ! ,nor?we/4 ,eggle/on1 #bdb4 ,sid5ote3 ,tecum!4 #bef4 ,indian ,tr\bles1 #ahaj4--,to ?is ev]la/+ tr\ble ) ,great ,brita9 & ,france 7 n[ add$ ! horrors ( an ,indian w>4 ,x came ab\t 9 ?is way4 ,settl]s 7 press+ into ,indiana ,t]ritory we/ ( ! new /ate ( ,ohio4 ,soon ! l&s :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h b\ght ( ! ,indians w\ld be occupi$4 ,new l&s mu/ be b\ght4 ,at ?is "t !re 7 two able ,indian lead]s 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,^! 7 ,tecum!1 or ,tecumseh1 & 8 bro!r1 :o 0 kn[n z ! ,prophet4 ,^! *iefs set on foot a great ,indian conf$]ation4 ,!y said t no "o ,indian tribe %\ld sell l& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t ! cons5t ( all ! tribes ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,tippecanoe1 #ahaa4 #beg4 ,battle ( ,tippecanoe4--,?is det]m9$ attitude ( ! ,indians seem$ to ! ,am]ican lead]s to be v dang]\s4 ,gov]nor ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison ( ,indiana ,t]ritory ga!r$ a small army ( regul> soldi]s & volunte]s f ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 & ,indiana4 ,he m>*$ to ! ,indian settlem5ts4 ,! ,indians attack$ him at ,tippecanoe4 ,he beat !m (f &1 attack+ 9 8 turn1 r\t$ !m4 ,tecum! 0 n at ! battle4 ,b he imm$iately fl$ to ! ,briti% 9 ,canada4 ,! ,am]icans _h suspect$ t ! ,briti% 7 /irr+ up ! ,indians to resi/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! reception giv5 to ,tecum! made !m feel t _! suspicions 7 correct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$al ,,pres5t$ ,,to ,,h5ry ,,clay4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry ,clay4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n4 #beh4 ,! ,w> ,p>ty 9 ,congress4--,!re 7 abundant reasons to ju/ify w> ) ,great ,brita91 or ) ,france1 or ) bo? ( !m4 ,b !re w\ld probably h be5 no w> ) ei!r ( !m _h x n be5 = a few en]getic "y m5 9 ,congress4 ,! lead]s ( ?is w> p>ty 7 ,h5ry ,clay & ,john ,c4 ,calh\n4 ,clay 0 born 9 ,virg9ia1 b z a boy he _h gone to ,k5tucky4 ,he repres5t$ ! _s ( ! "y & gr[+ ,we/4 ,he 0 a true patriot & felt angry at ! way ! ,briti% spoke ( ,am]ica & ,am]icans1 & at ! way !y act$ t[>d ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he 0 a v popul> man & won m5 to him by 8 attractive qualities & by 8 en]gy4 ,calh\n 0 a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian :o _h be5 educat$ 9 ,connecticut4 ,he 0 a man ( ! highe/ p]sonal "*4 ,he _h a /rong1 active m9d1 & he 0 fe>less 9 debate4 ,z ) ,clay s ) ,calh\n1 !y bo? felt ! ris+ _s ( nationality4 ,!y ?\ght t ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h be5 pati5t long en\gh4 ,!y & _! fri5ds ga9$ a majority 9 ,congress & =c$ ,madison to s5d a w>like message to ,congress4 ,sid5ote3 ,madison's w> message1 #ahab4 ,mc,master1 #bca2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bad-baf4 #bei4 ,madison's ,reasons = ,w>1 #ahab4--;,9 8 message ,madison /at$ ! gr\nds = compla9t aga9/ ! ,briti% z foll[s3 7#a7 !y impress$ ,am]ican seam52 7#b7 !y di/urb$ ,am]ican comm]ce by /ation+ w>%ips (f ! pr9cipal ports2 !y refus$ to p]mit trade betwe5 ,am]ica & ,europe2 7#d7 !y /irr$ up ! we/]n ,indians to attack ! settl]s2 7#e7 !y 7 really mak+ w> on ! ,unit$ ,/ates :ile ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 at peace ) !m4 ,= ^! reasons ,madison advis$ a decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,great ,brita91 & w> 0 decl>$4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #bb #bbh1 #bbi4--;a4 ,draw a map %[+ ! /ates & t]ritories 9 #ahjj4 b4 ,h[ & :y _h ! c5t] ( population *ang$ s9ce #agia8 ,:]e is x n[8 c4 ,:y did s _m p live ne> tide wat]8 ,d ! same reasons exi/ to-day8 #bcj-bcb4--;a4 ,:at 7 ! be/ roads 9 #ahjj8 b4 ,describe ! dang]s & discom=ts ( travel+ 9 #ahjj4 c4 ,:at 7 ! e>ly /eamboats l8 #bcc1 #bcd4--;a4 ,:at fact h9d]$ ! gr[? ( cotton on a l>ge scale 9 colonial times8 b4 ,h[ did ,:itney's cotton g9 *ange ^! conditions8 #bce1 #bcf4--;a4 ,:y _h manufactur+ receiv$ s little att5tion be=e ! ,revolution8 b4 ,h[ did ! new gov]nm5t enc\rage manufactur+8 ,,*apt] #bc #bcg4--;a4 ,h[ did ,jeff]son's inauguration illu/rate 8 political ideas8 b4 ,comp>e 8 me?od ( op5+ ,congress ) t employ$ by ,wa%+ton & ,adams4 ,:i* me?od is foll[$ to-day8 #bch4--;a4 ,:at is ! ,civil ,s]vice8 ,h[ _h ,wa%+ton & ,adams fill$ (fices8 ,0 _! action wise8 #bci4--;a4 ,expla9 ! ,judici>y ,act ( #ahja4 b4 ,:at p[] has ,congress ov] ! ,judici>y8 7,con/itution1 ,art4 ,,iii74 #bdj4--;a4 ,:at 0 ,jeff]son's policy t[>d exp5ses8 ,h[ did he c>ry x out8 ,:at 0 ! result ( ^! economies8 b4 ,0 ! r$uction ( ! navy wise8 ,:at conditions make a l>ge navy necess>y8 #bda-bdd4--;a4 ,:5 & h[ _h ,l\isiana *ang$ h&s s9ce its settlem5t8 ,:y 7 ! ,spani>ds poor neighbors8 b4 ,h[ did ! ,unit$ ,/ates acquire ,l\isiana8 c4 ,trace on a map ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase4 ,comp>e its value to-day ) ! price paid4 d4 ,:at important discov]ies did ,lewis & ,cl>k make8 #bde1 #bdf4--;a4 ,give in/ances :i* illu/rate ! disadvantages ( ! old way ( elect+ ! ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t4 b4 ,expla9 c>efully ! *anges made by ! ,twelf? ,am5dm5t1 & %[ h[ a ,presid5t may be elect$ by a m9ority ( ! vot]s4 ,,*apt] #bd #bdg4--;a4 ,describe ! do+s ( ! ,african pirates4 ,:y _h ,wa%+ton & ,adams paid !m8 b4 ,describe ,jeff]son's action & /ate ! results4 #bdh1 #bdi4--;a4 ,comp>e ! p[] ( ,france & ,great ,brita9 at ?is "t4 b4 ,h[ did !y try to injure "o ano!r8 ,h[ did !y treat ,am]ican %ips8 c4 ,expla9 ! impressm5t ( sailors by ! ,briti%4 #bej1 #bea4--;a4 ,describe ! difficulties ( ,jeff]son's position4 b4 ,give in/ances ( refusal to buy ,briti% goods & ! results4 c4 ,expla9 ! ,emb>go ,act4 ,:y 0 x a failure8 d4 ,describe ! outrage on ! ,*esapeake4 ,0 ! (f] ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t en\gh8 ,:at m %\ld h be5 promis$8 #beb1 #bec4--;a4 ,:at 7 ,jeff]son's objections to a ?ird t]m8 ,:at cu/om 0 e/abli%$ by ^! e>ly ,presid5ts8 b4 ,:]e h we f\nd ,madison prom95t be=e8 c4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,emb>go ,act & ! ,non-,int]c\rse ,act4 #bed1 #bee4--;a4 ,describe ! attempt to r5ew fri5dly int]c\rse ) ,great ,brita94 b4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,napoleon's treatm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #bef4--;a4 ,:at caus$ ! tr\ble ) ! ,indians8 b4 ,describe ,h>rison's action4 ,h[ 7 ! ,briti% connect$ ) ?is ,indian tr\ble8 #beg-bei4--;a4 ,h[ did all ^! affairs affect ! relations betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita98 b4 ,expla9 ! attitude ( ,clay & ,calh\n4 c4 ,:at is meant by ! ris+ _s ( nationality8 d4 ,illu/rate1 by facts already /udi$1 ! reasons giv5 9 ,madison's message4 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,h[ has ma*9]y influ5c$ ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,draw a map %[+ ! ext5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjb & #ahjd4 c4 ,:at 7 ! f\r mo/ important ?+s 9 ,jeff]son's adm9i/rations8 ,:y d y select ^!8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,rob]t ,fulton or ,eli ,:itney4 b4 ,exploration ( ! ,nor?we/4 c4 ,w> ) ! ,african pirates4 d4 ,life & mann]s 9 #ahjj4 ,,sugge/ions ,! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana & ! e>ly developm5t ( ! ,we/ are lead+ po9ts 9 ?is p]iod4 ,) ! latt] mu/ be c\pl$ ! important inv5tions :i* made su* developm5t possible4 ,comm]cial que/ions %\ld receive adequate att5tion & %\ld be illu/rat$ by pres5t conditions4 ,jeff]son's attitude t[>d bo? ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase & ! en=cem5t ( ! ,emb>go ,act is an illu/ration ( ! effect :i* p[] & responsibility h on ^? plac$ at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is c also be illu/rat$ by ev5ts 9 our own "t4 ,,ix ,,w> ,,& ,,peace1 #ahab-ahbi ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,higg9son's ,l>g] ,hi/ory1 #cfe-ddb2 ,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv2 ,loss+'s ,field-,book ( ! ,w> ( #ahab2 ,c(f9's ,build+ ! ,nation1 #adi-bca4 ,home ,read+s4--,b>nes's ,yankee ,%ips2 ,roosevelt's ,naval ,w> ( #ahab2 ,seawell's ,mid%ipman ,pauld+2 ,holmes's ,old ,ironsides2 ,goodw9's ,dolly ,madison4 ,,*apt] #be ,,! ,,second ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce1 #ahab #ahae ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican plan ( campaign1 #ahab4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to x4 #bfj4 ,plan ( ,campaign1 #ahab4--,! ,am]ican plan ( campaign 0 t ,g5]al ,hull %\ld invade ,canada f ,detroit4 ,he c\ld !n m>* ea/w>d1 nor? ( ,lake ,erie1 & meet ano!r army :i* 0 to cross ! ,niag>a ,riv]4 ,^! two armies 7 to take up ! ea/w>d m>* & jo9 a ?ird army f ,new ,york4 ,! ?ree armies !n w\ld capture ,montreal & ,quebec & g5]ally all ,canada4 ,x 0 a spl5did plan4 ,b !re 7 ?ree ?+s 9 ! way ( c>ry+ x out3 7i7 !re 0 no tra9$ ,am]ican army2 7#b7 !re 7 no supplies = an army :5 ga!r$ & tra9$2 & 7#c7 !re 0 a small1 well-tra9$ & well-suppli$ army 9 ,canada4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detroit1 ,,ab\t #ahae4 ,sid5ote3 ,hull's m>* to ,detroit4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 mis=tunes4 ,sid5ote3 ,he surr5d]s ,detroit1 #ahab4 #bfa4 ,hull's ,surr5d] ( ,detroit1 #ahab4--;,9 ^? days ,detroit 0 sep>at$ f ! settl$ p>ts ( ,ohio by two hundr$ miles ( wild]ness4 ,to get 8 m5 & supplies to ,detroit1 ,hull _h fir/ ( all to cut a road ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,! ,briti% le>n$ ( ! actual decl>ation ( w> be=e ,hull knew ( x4 ,!y da%$ d[n on 8 scatt]$ deta*m5ts & seiz$ 8 provisions4 ,hull s5t out exp$ition aft] exp$ition to ga!r supplies & br+ 9 ! scatt]$ settl]s4 ,tecum! & ! o!r ,indian allies ( ! ,briti% captur$ "o exp$ition aft] ano!r4 ,! ,briti% advanc$ on ,detroit1 & ,hull surr5d]$4 ,by ?is disa/] ! ,briti% got control ( ! upp] lakes4 ,!y ev5 invad$ ,ohio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]ry',s ,,battle ,,flag4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,lake ,erie #ahac4 ,mc,master1 #bcd-bce4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ! ,?ames1 #ahac4 #bfb4 ,p]ry's ,victory on ,lake ,erie1 #ahac4--;,b ! ,briti% triumph did n la/ long4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahab-ac ,capta9 ,oliv] ,haz>d ,p]ry built a fleet ( w>%ips on ,lake ,erie4 ,!y 7 built ( gre5 timb] cut = ! purpose4 ,!y 7 poor vessels1 b 7 z good z ! ,briti% vessels4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahac1 ,p]ry sail$ 9 se>* ( ! ,briti% %ips4 ,com+ up ) !m1 he hoi/$ at 8 ma/head a l>ge blue flag ) ,lawr5ce's immortal words1 ,don't give up ! %ip 7p4 #bab71 work$ ^u x4 ,! battle 0 fi]cely f\ght4 ,soon ,p]ry's flag%ip1 ! ,lawr5ce1 0 disabl$ & only n9e ( h] crew 7 un9jur$4 ,r[+ to ano!r %ip1 ,p]ry cont9u$ ! fight4 ,9 fifte5 m9utes m all ! ,briti% %ips surr5d]$4 ,! control ( ,lake ,erie 0 n[ 9 ,am]ican h&s4 ,! ,briti% retreat$ f ! s\!rn side ( ! lake4 ,g5]al ,h>rison occupi$ ,detroit4 ,he !n cross$ into ,canada & defeat$ a ,briti% army on ! banks ( ! riv] ,?ames 7,octob]1 #ahac74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,f an e>ly pa9t+ ( ! escape ( ! ,con/itution f ! ,briti% fleet4 ,! m5 9 ! boat are prep>+ to c>ry out a small an*or4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,*as$ by a ,briti% fleet1 #ahab4 ,sid5ote3 ,%e escapes4 #bfc4 ,! ,frigate ,con/itution4--,"o ( ! fir/ vessels to get to sea 0 ! ,con/itution1 comm&$ by ,isaac ,hull4 ,%e sail$ f ,*esapeake ,bay = ,new ,york1 :]e %e 0 to s]ve z a gu>d-%ip4 ,on ! way %e fell 9 ) a ,briti% squadron4 ,! ,con/itution sail$ on ) ! :ole ,briti% fleet 9 pursuit4 ,soon ! w9d began to die away4 ,! ,con/itution's sails 7 soak$ ) wat] to make !m hold ! w9d bett]4 ,!n ! w9d gave out altoge!r1 ,capta9 ,hull l[]$ 8 boats & ! m5 began to t[ ! %ip4 ,b ! ,briti% l[]$ _! boats also4 ,!y set a great _m boats to t[+ _! fa/e/ %ip1 & %e began to ga9 on ! ,con/itution4 ,!n ,capta9 ,hull f\nd t he 0 sail+ ov] %oal wat]1 al?\gh out ( sight ( l&1 s he s5t a small an*or ahead 9 a boat4 ,! an*or 0 dropp$ & m5 on ! %ip pull$ 9 ! an*or l9e4 ,?is 0 done aga9 & aga94 ,! ,con/itution n[ began to ga9 on ! ,briti% fleet4 ,!n a sudd5 squall bur/ on ! %ips4 ,capta9 ,hull saw x com+ & made e prep>ation to take advantage ( x4 ,:5 ! ra9 cle>$ away1 ! ,con/itution 0 beyond fe> ( pursuit4 ,b %e c\ld n g to ,new ,york1 s ,capta9 ,hull took h] to ,bo/on4 ,! gov]nm5t at once ord]$ him to /ay :]e he 02 b1 be=e ! ord]s rea*$ ,bo/on1 ! ,con/itution 0 f> away4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/itution & ,gu]rire1 #ahab4 ,sid5ote3 ,reasons = ! victory4 #bfd4 ,con/itution & ,gu]rire1 #ahab4--;,= "s "t ,hull cruis$ ab\t 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,"o day he sight$ a ,briti% frigate--! ,gu]rire--"o ( ! %ips t _h *as$ ! ,con/itution4 ,b n[ t ,hull f\nd h] alone1 he /e]$ /raight = h]4 ,9 ?irty m9utes f ! fir+ ( ! fir/ gun ! ,gu]rire 0 a ru9\s wreck4 ,all ( h] ma/s & sp>s 7 %ot away & mo/ ( h] crew 7 kill$ or w\nd$4 ,! ,con/itution 0 only slightly injur$1 & 0 soon ready to fight ano!r ,briti% frigate1 _h !re be5 "o to fight4 ,inde$1 ! surgeons ( ! ,con/itution w5t on bo>d ( ! ,gu]rire to help dress ! w\nds ( ! ,briti% seam54 ,! ,gu]rire 0 a little small] ?an ! ,con/itution & _h small] guns4 ,b ! real reason = ?is great victory 0 t ! ,am]ican %ip & ! ,am]ican guns 7 v mu* bett] h&l$ ?an 7 ! ,briti% %ip & ! ,briti% guns4 ,sid5ote3 ,wasp & ! ,frolic ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ^! victories4 #bfe4 ,! ,wasp & ! ,frolic1 #ahab4--;,at almo/ ! same "t ! ,am]ican %ip ,wasp captur$ ! ,briti% brig ,frolic4 ,! ,wasp _h ?ree ma/s1 & ! ,frolic _h only two ma/s4 ,b ! two vessels 7 really ( ab\t ! same size1 z ! ,am]ican %ip 0 only five feet long] ?an h] enemy1 & _h ! light] guns4 ,9 a few m9utes aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! fight ! ,frolic 0 a %att]$ hulk1 ) only "o s\nd man on h] deck4 ,soon aft] ! conflict a ,briti% battle%ip came up & captur$ bo? ! ,wasp & h] prize4 ,! effect ( ^! victories ( ! ,con/itution & ! ,wasp 0 trem5d\s4 ,be=e ! w> ,briti% naval (fic]s _h call$ ! ,con/itution a bundle ( /icks4 ,n[ x 0 ?\ght to be no long] safe = ,briti% frigates to sail ! seas alone4 ,!y mu/ g 9 pairs to protect ea* o!r f ,old ,ironsides4 ,be=e long ! ,con/itution1 n[ comm&$ by ,capta9 ,ba9bridge1 _h captur$ ! ,briti% frigate ,java1 & ! frigate ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,capta9 ,decatur1 _h tak5 ! ,briti% %ip ,mac$onian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*esapeake 0 captur$ by ! ,%annon4 ,?is victory gave great satisfaction to ! ,briti%4 ,b ,capta9 ,lawr5ce's la/ words1 ,don't give up ! %ip1 h always be5 a glori\s inspiration to ,am]ican sailors4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( campaign1 #ahad4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,lundy's ,lane1 #ahad4 #bff4 ,br[n's ,invasion ( ,canada1 #ahad4--;,9 ! fir/ two ye>s ( ! w> ! ,am]ican armies 9 ,new ,york _h done no?+4 ,b abl] m5 7 n[ 9 comm&4 ,( ^!1 ,g5]al ,jacob ,br[n1 ,g5]al ,macomb1 ,colonel ,w9field ,scott1 & ,colonel ,ripley des]ve to be rememb]$4 ,! ,am]ican plan ( campaign 0 t ,br[n1 ) ,scott & ,ripley1 %\ld cross ! ,niag>a ,riv] & invade ,canada4 ,g5]al ,macomb1 ) a naval =ce "u ,mc,donough1 0 to hold ! l9e ( ,lake ,*ampla94 ,! ,briti% plan 0 to invade ,new ,york by way ( ,lake ,*ampla94 ,br[n cross$ ! ,niag>a ,riv] & f\ght two brilliant battles at ,*ippewa & ,lundy's ,lane4 ,! latt] battle 0 especially glori\s because ! ,am]icans captur$ ,briti% guns & held !m aga9/ repeat$ attacks by ,briti% vet]ans4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 ,br[n 0 oblig$ to retire4 ,sid5ote3 ,invasion ( ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,plattsburg1 #ahad4 #bfg4 ,mc,donough's ,victory at ,plattsburg1 #ahad4--;,g5]al ,prevo/1 ) a f9e army ( vet]ans1 m>*$ s\?w>d f ,canada1 :ile a fleet sail$ up ,lake ,*ampla94 ,at ,plattsburg1 on ! we/]n side ( ! lake1 0 ,g5]al ,macomb ) a =ce ( ,am]ican soldi]s4 ,an*or$ be=e ! t[n 0 ,mc,donough's fleet4 ,prevo/ attack$ ,macomb's army & 0 driv5 back4 ,! ,briti% fleet attack$ ,mc,donough's vessels & 0 de/roy$4 ,t put an end to ,prevo/'s invasion4 ,he retreat$ back to ,canada z fa/ z he c\ld g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,=t ,mc,h,e,n,r,y4 ,sid5ote3 ,burn+ ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahad4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]4 #bfh4 ,! ,briti% 9 ! ,*esapeake1 #ahad4--;,besides _! op]ations on ! ,canadian fronti]1 ! ,briti% tri$ to capture ,new ,orleans & ! cities on ,*esapeake ,bay4 ,! ,briti% l&$ bel[ ,wa%+ton4 ,!y m>*$ to ! capital4 ,!y ent]$ ,wa%+ton4 ,!y burn$ ! ,capitol1 ! ,:ite ,h\se1 & sev]al o!r public build+s4 ,!y !n hurri$ away1 leav+ _! w\nd$ beh9d !m4 ,lat] on ! ,briti% attack$ ,baltimore & 7 beat5 (f ) great loss4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,francis ,scott ,key wrote ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]4 ,he 0 deta9$ on bo>d "o ( ! ,briti% w>%ips dur+ ! fight4 ,eag]ly he wat*$ ?r\gh ! smoke = a glimpse ( ! flag ov] ,=t ,mc,henry at ! h>bor's m\?4 ,9 ! morn+ ! flag 0 /ill !re4 ,?is defeat clos$ ! ,briti% op]ations on ! ,*esapeake4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flag ,,( ,,=t ,mc,h,e,n,r,y4 ,fifte5 />s & fifte5 /ripes--"o ( ea* = ea* /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson's ,creek campaign1 #ahad4 #bfi4 ,! ,creek ,w>4--,! ,creek ,indians liv$ 9 ,alabama4 ,!y saw ) dismay ! spread+ settlem5ts ( ! :ites4 ,! ,am]icans 7 n[ at w>4 ,x w\ld be a good *ance to de/roy !m4 ,s ! ,creeks fell ^u ! :ites & murd]$ ab\t f\r hundr$4 ,g5]al ,&rew ,jackson ( ,t5nessee comm&$ ! ,am]ican army 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,z soon z he knew t ! ,creeks 7 attack+ ! settl]s1 he ga!r$ soldi]s & foll[$ ! ,indians to _! /ronghold4 ,he /orm$ _! =t & kill$ mo/ ( ! g>rison4 ,illu/ration3 ,,battle ,,( ,,new ,,orleans4 ,f a sket* by "o ( ,jackson's /aff4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,new ,orleans1 #ahae4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]o ,tales1 #aci-adg4 #bgj4 ,jackson's ,def5se ( ,new ,orleans1 #ahad-ae4--;,jackson _h sc>cely f9i%$ ?is "w :5 he le>n$ ( ! com+ ( a great ,briti% exp$ition to ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,he at once ha/5$ to ! def5se ( ,new ,orleans4 ,bel[ ! city ! c\ntry greatly favor$ ! def5d]4 ,= !re 0 v little solid gr\nd except along ! riv]'s bank4 ,pick+ out an especially n>r[ place1 ,jackson built a brea/work ( cotton bales & rubbi%4 ,9 front ( ! brea/work he dug a deep dit*4 ,! ,briti% ru%$ to ! attack4 ,mo/ ( _! g5]als 7 kill$ or w\nd$1 & ! slaught] 0 t]rible4 ,lat]1 !y made ano!r attack & 7 aga9 beat5 (f4 ,sid5ote3 ,naval combats1 #ahad4 #bga4 ,! ,w> on ! ,sea1 #ahad4--;,x 0 only 9 ! fir/ ye> or s ( ! w> t !re 0 mu* fight+ betwe5 ,am]ican & ,briti% w>%ips4 ,aft] t ! ,am]ican %ips c\ld n get to sea1 = ! ,briti% /ation$ :ole fleets (f ! entrances to ! pr9cipal h>bors4 ,b a few ,am]ican vessels ran ! blockade & did good s]vice4 ,= in/ance1 ,capta9 ,*>les ,/ew>t 9 ! ,con/itution captur$ two ,briti% %ips at "o "t4 ,b mo/ ( ! w>%ips t got to sea 7 captur$ soon] or lat]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! private]s4 ,h]o ,tales1 #abi-acf4 #bgb4 ,! ,private]s4--,no ,briti% fleets c\ld keep ! private]s f leav+ port4 ,!y sw>m$ ^u ! ocean & captur$ hundr$s ( ,briti% m]*antm51 "s ( !m )9 sight ( ! %ores ( ,great ,brita94 ,9 all1 !y captur$ m ?an tw5ty-five hundr$ ,briti% %ips4 ,!y ev5 f\ght ! small] w>%ips ( ! enemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( peace1 #ahad4 #bgc4 ,treaty ( ,gh5t1 #ahad4--,! w> _h h>dly begun be=e commission]s to treat = peace 7 appo9t$ by bo? ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita94 ,b !y did no?+ until ! failure ( ! #ahad campaign %[$ ! ,briti% gov]nm5t t !re 0 no hope ( conqu]+ any portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!n ! ,briti% 7 ready en\gh to make peace1 & a treaty 0 sign$ at ,gh5t 9 ,decemb]1 #ahad4 ,?is 0 two weeks be=e ! ,briti% disa/] at ,new ,orleans occurr$1 & mon?s be=e ! news ( x rea*$ ,europe4 ,none ( ! ?+s ab\t :i* ! w> 0 f\ght 7 ev5 m5tion$ 9 ! treaty4 ,b ?is did n really make mu* diff]5ce4 ,= ! ,briti% _h repeal$ _! ord]s z to ,am]ican %ips be=e ! news ( ! decl>ation ( w> rea*$ ,london4 ,z = impressm5t1 ! guns ( ! ,con/itution _h put an end to t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,/ate ,,h\se4 ,:]e ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion met4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,engl& ,f$]ali/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>t=d ,conv5tion1 #ahad4 #bgd4 ,! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion1 #ahad4--,:ile ! ,new commission]s 7 talk+ ov] ! treaty ( peace1 o!r debat]s 7 discuss+ ! w>1 at ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,^! 7 lead+ ,new ,engl& ,f$]ali/s4 ,!y ?\ght t ! gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton _h done _m ?+s t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n p]mit x to d4 ,!y drew up a set ( resolutions4 ,"s ( ^! read l ^? o!r resolutions drawn up by ,jeff]son & ,madison 9 #agih 7p4 #age74 ,! ,h>t=d debat]s also ?\ght t ! national gov]nm5t _h n done en\gh to protect ! coa/s ( ,new ,engl& f ,briti% attacks4 ,!y propos$1 !re=e1 t ! taxes collect$ by ! national gov]nm5t 9 ,new ,engl& %\ld be h&$ ov] to ! ,new ,engl& /ates to use = _! def5se4 ,commission]s 7 actually at ,wa%+ton to propose ?is division ( ! national rev5ue :5 news came ( ,jackson's victory at ,new ,orleans & ( ! sign+ ( ! ,treaty ( ,gh5t4 ,! commission]s ha/5$ home & ! ,republican p>ty rega9$ its popul>ity ) ! vot]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,republican ,,squib ,,on ,,! ,,h>t=d ,,conv5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,ga9s ( ! w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,am]ican nation4 #bge4 ,ga9s ( ! ,w>4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates ga9$ no t]ritory aft] all ?is fight+ on sea & l&4 ,x did n ev5 ga9 ! abolition ( impressm5t 9 s _m words4 ,b :at 0 ( f> great] importance1 ! ,am]ican p began to ?9k ( itself z a nation4 ,am]icans no long] look$ to ,france or to ,engl& z models to be foll[$4 ,!y became ,am]icans4 ,! gett+ ( ?is feel+ ( indep5d5ce & ( nationality 0 a v great /ep =w>d4 ,x is "r1 !re=e1 to speak ( ?is w> z ! ,second ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,monroe4 ,,*apt] #bf ,,! ,,era ,,( ,,good ,,feel+1 #ahae-ahbd ,sid5ote3 ,monroe elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahaf1 #ahbj4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+4 ,mc,master1 #bfj4 #bgf4 ,! ,era z a ,:ole4--,! ye>s #ahae-bd h be5 call$ ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+1 because !re 0 no h>d political fight+ 9 all t "t--at lea/ n until ! la/ ye> or two4 ,9 #ahaf ,monroe 0 elect$ ,presid5t )\t mu* opposition4 ,9 #ahbj he 0 relect$ ,presid5t )\t any opposition :atev]4 ,in/ead ( fight+ ov] politics1 ! p 7 busily employ$ 9 br++ va/ regions ( ! ,we/ "u cultivation & 9 f\nd+ great manufactur+ indu/ries 9 ! ,ea/4 ,!y 7 also mak+ roads & canals to connect ! ,we/]n f>ms ) ! ,ea/]n cities & factories4 ,! lat] "p ( ! era 0 a "t ( unb\nd$ prosp]ity4 ,e n[ & !n "s h>d "q w\ld come up = discussion4 ,its settlem5t w\ld be put (f1 or ! matt] w\ld be compromis$4 ,9 ^! ye>s ! ,f$]ali/ p>ty disappe>$1 & ! ,republican p>ty split into factions4 ,by #ahbd ! diff]5ces 9 ! ,republican p>ty _h become s great t !re 0 a sudd5 end+ to ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>d times1 #ahaf-ah4 ,sid5ote3 ,emigration to ! ,we/1 #ahaf-ah4 ,mc,master1 #bda1 #bff-bgc4 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r /ates admitt$1 #ahaf-ahai ,sid5ote3 ,ma9e & ,miss\ri apply = admission4 #bgg4 ,we/]n ,emigration4--,dur+ ! fir/ few ye>s ( ?is p]iod ! p ( ! old] /ates on ! seacoa/ felt v poor4 ,! %ip[n]s c\ld no long] make great pr(its4 ,= !re 0 n[ peace 9 ,europe1 & ,european vessels compet$ ) ,am]ican vessels4 ,great quantities ( ,briti% goods 7 s5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 7 sold at v l[ prices4 ,! dem& = ,am]ican goods fell (f4 ,mill own]s clos$ _! mills4 ,work+ m5 & wom5 c\ld f9d no "w to d4 ,! result 0 a great ru% ( emigrants f ! old] /ates on ! seabo>d to ! new settlem5ts 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 ! ,we/ ! emigrants c\ld buy l& f ! gov]nm5t at a v l[ rate1 & by work+ h>d c\ld support !mselves & _! families4 ,?is we/w>d movem5t 0 at its height 9 #ahag4 ,9 ! ye>s #ahaf--ai1 f\r /ates 7 admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,^! 7 ,indiana 7#ahaf71 ,mississippi 7#ahag71 ,ill9ois 7#ahah71 & ,alabama 7#ahai74 ,"s ( ! emigrants ev5 cross$ ! ,mississippi ,riv] & settl$ 9 ,miss\ri & 9 ,arkansas4 ,9 #ahai !y ask$ to be admitt$ to ! ,union z ! /ate ( ,miss\ri1 or giv5 a t]ritorial gov]nm5t "u ! "n ( ,arkansas4 ,! p ( ,ma9e also ask$ ,congress to admit !m to ! ,union z ! /ate ( ,ma9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to ! admission ( ,miss\ri4 #bgh4 ,opposition to ! ,admission ( ,miss\ri4--,_m p 9 ! ,nor? oppos$ ! admission ( ,miss\ri because ! settl]s ( ! propos$ /ate 7 slavehold]s4 ,miss\ri w\ld be a slave /ate1 & ^! ,nor!rn]s did n want any m slave /ates4 ,orig9ally slav]y _h exi/$ 9 all ! old ?irte5 /ates4 ,b e /ate nor? ( ,m>yl& _h be=e #ahai ei!r put an end to slav]y or _h adopt$ "s plan by :i* slav]y w\ld gradually come to an end4 ,slav]y _h be5 exclud$ f ! ,nor?we/ by ! fam\s ,ord9ance ( #aghg 7p4 #ace74 ,9 ^! ways slav]y _h ceas$ to be a vital in/itution nor? ( ,m>yl& & ,k5tucky4 ,:y %\ld slav]y be all[$ we/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]8 ,l\isiana _h be5 admitt$ z a slave /ate 7#ahab74 ,b ! admission ( ,l\isiana _h be5 provid$ = 9 ! treaty = ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana f ,france4 ,! ,s\!rn]s felt z /rongly on ! o!r side4 ,!y said t _! slaves 7 _! prop]ty1 & t !y _h a p]fect "r to take _! prop]ty & settle on ! l& belong+ to ! nation4 ,hav+ f\nd$ a slave /ate1 x 0 only "r t ! /ate %\ld be admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,illu/ration3 7,map7 ,miss\ri ,compromise ( #ahbj ,sid5ote3 ,?is ,miss\ri ,compromise1 #ahbj4 ,higg9son1 #bed-bef2 ,eggle/on1 #beh-bfa4 ,sid5ote3 ,bo? /ates admitt$1 #ahbj4 ,mc,master1#bgd-bgf4 #bgi4 ,! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 #ahbj4--,:5 ! "q ( ! admission ( ,ma9e & ,miss\ri came be=e ,congress1 ! ,s5ate 0 equally divid$ betwe5 ! slave /ates & ! free /ates4 ,b ! majority ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 0 f ! free /ates4 ,! free /ates 7 gr[+ fa/] ?an 7 ! slave /ates & w\ld probably keep on gr[+ fa/]4 ,! majority f ! free /ates 9 ! ,h\se1 !re=e1 w\ld probably keep on increas+4 ,if ! free /ates obta9$ a majority 9 ! ,s5ate also1 ! ,s\!rn]s w\ld lose all control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,= ^! reasons ! ,s\!rn]s w\ld n cons5t to ! admission ( ,ma9e z a free /ate unless at ! same "t ,miss\ri 0 admitt$ z a slave /ate4 ,aft] a long /ruggle ,ma9e & ,miss\ri 7 bo? admitt$--! "o z a free /ate1 ! o!r z a slave /ate4 ,b x 0 also agre$ t all ( ! ,l\isiana pur*ase nor? ( ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,miss\ri1 ) ! s+le exception ( ! /ate ( ,miss\ri1 %\ld be free soil =ev]4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 call$ ! ,miss\ri ,compromise4 ,x 0 ! "w ( ,h5ry ,clay4 ,x 0 an ev5t ( great importance1 because x put (f = tw5ty-five ye>s ! inevitable conflict ov] slav]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahbj ,sid5ote3 ,reasons = ! pur*ase ( ,florida4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson invades ,florida1 #ahah4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,florida pur*ase1 #ahai4 #bhj4 ,! ,florida ,treaty1 #ahai4--,:ile ?is conte/ 0 go+ on1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates b\ght ( ,spa9 a l>ge tract ( l& admirably suit$ to negro slav]y4 ,?is 0 ,florida4 ,x belong$ to ,spa9 & 0 a refuge = all sorts ( p3 runaway negroes1 fugitive ,indians1 smuggl]s1 & crim9als ( all k9ds4 ,once 9 ,florida1 fugitives g5]ally 7 safe4 ,b !y 7 n always safe4 ,= in/ance1 9 #ahah ,g5]al ,jackson *as$ "s flee+ ,indians ov] ! b\nd>y4 ,!y s\ght refuge 9 a ,spani% =t1 & ,jackson 0 oblig$ to take ! =t z well z ! ,indians4 ,?is exploit made ! ,spani>ds m will+ to sell ,florida4 ,! price 0 five million doll>s4 ,b :5 x came to giv+ up ! prov9ce1 ! ,spani>ds f\nd great difficulty 9 keep+ _! promises4 ,! treaty 0 made 9 #ahai1 b x 0 n until #ahba t ,jackson1 z gov]nor ( ,florida1 took possession ( ! new t]ritory4 ,ev5 !n ! ,spani% gov]nor refus$ to h& ov] ! record books1 & ,jackson _h to %ut him up 9 prison until he became m reasonable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,h\ses1 ,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,florida4 ,sid5ote3 ,=mation ( ! ,holy ,alliance4 ,sid5ote3 ,x int]f]es 9 ,spani% affairs4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,spani% ,am]icans coloni/s rebel aga9/ ,spa94 ,sid5ote3 ,russian attempts at colonization4 #bha4 ,! ,holy ,alliance4--,mo/ ( ! p ( ! o!r ,spani% colonies 7 rebell+ aga9/ ,spa91 & !re 0 a rebellion 9 ,spa9 itself4 ,!re 7 rebellions 9 o!r ,european c\ntries z well z 9 ,spa94 ,9 fact1 !re seem$ to be a rebelli\s _s ne>ly ev]y:]e4 ,?is al>m$ ! ,european emp]ors & k+s4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,briti% k+1 !y jo9$ toge!r to put d[n rebellions4 ,!y call$ _! union ! ,holy ,alliance4 ,!y soon put ! ,spani% k+ back on 8 ?rone4 ,!y !n ?\ght t !y w\ld s5d w>%ips & soldi]s across ! ,atlantic ,ocean to cru% ! rebellions 9 ! ,spani% colonies4 ,n[ ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates sympa?iz$ ) ! ,spani% coloni/s 9 _! desire = indep5d5ce4 ,!y also dislik$ ! idea ( ,europeans int]f]+ 9 ,am]ican affairs4 ,am]ica = ,am]icans1 0 ! cry4 ,x also happ5$ t ,engli%m5 desir$ ! fre$om ( ! ,spani% coloni/s4 ,z h] subjects ,spa9 w\ld n let !m buy ,engli% goods4 ,b if !y 7 free1 !y c\ld buy goods :]ev] !y pleas$4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t !re=e propos$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita9 %\ld jo9 9 a decl>ation t ! ,spani% colonies 7 indep5d5t /ates4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 son ( ,john ,adams1 0 ,monroe's ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,he ?\ght t ?is w\ld n be a wise c\rse to foll[1 because x might br+ ,am]ican affairs )9 ,european control4 ,he 0 all ! m anxi\s to prev5t ?is entanglem5t1 z ! ,cz> ( ,russia 0 prep>+ to f\nd colonies on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica & ,adams want$ a free h& to deal ) him4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e1 #ahbb4 ,mc,master1 #bfb-bfe ,sid5ote3 ,action ( ,great ,brita94 ,end ( ,european int]f]5ce 9 ,am]ica4 #bhb4 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e1 #ahbc4--;,x 0 "u ^! circum/ances t ,presid5t ,monroe s5t a message to ,congress4 ,9 x he /at$ ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z foll[s3 7#a7 ,am]ica is clos$ to colonization by any ,european p[]2 7#b7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h n int]f]$ & w n int]f]e 9 ,european affairs2 7#c7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates reg>d ! ext5sion ( ! sy/em ( ! ,holy ,alliance to ,am]ica z dang]\s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7#d7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld reg>d ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,holy ,alliance 9 ,am]ican affairs z an unfri5dly act4 ,?is "p ( ! message 0 writt5 by ,adams4 ,he _h _h a long exp]i5ce 9 diplomacy4 ,he us$ ! words unfri5dly act z diplomati/s use !m :5 !y mean t su* an unfri5dly act w\ld be a cause = w>4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t also in=m$ ! ,holy ,allies t _! int]f]5ce 9 ,am]ican affairs w\ld be res5t$4 ,! ,holy ,alliance gave ov] all idea ( cru%+ ! ,spani% coloni/s4 ,& ! ,cz> ( ,russia agre$ to f\nd no colonies s\? ( fifty-f\r degrees & =ty m9utes nor? latitude4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( ! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 #bhc4 ,mean+ ( ! ,monroe ,doctr9e4--,! ideas conta9$ 9 ,monroe's celebrat$ message to ,congress are always spok5 ( z ! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 ,mo/ ( ^! ideas 7 n inv5t$ by ,monroe or by ,adams4 ,_m ( !m may be f\nd 9 ,wa%+ton's ,neutrality ,proclamation1 9 ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address1 9 ,jeff]son's ,inaugural ,address1 & 9 o!r docum5ts4 ,:at 0 new 9 ,monroe's message 0 ! /atem5t t ,european int]f]5ce 9 ,am]ican affairs w\ld be look$ ^u by ! ,unit$ ,/ates z an unfri5dly act1 lead+ to w>4 ,european k+s might cru% out lib]ty 9 ,europe4 ,!y might divide ,asia & ,africa among !mselves4 ,!y mu/ n int]f]e 9 ,am]ican affairs4 ,,*apt] #bg ,,new ,,p>ties ,,& ,,new ,,policies1 #ahbd-ahbi ,sid5ote3 ,end ( ,monroe's adm9i/rations4 #bhd4 ,end ( ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+4--,! ,era ( ,good ,feel+ came to a sudd5 end+ 9 #ahbd4 ,monroe's second t]m z ,presid5t w\ld end 9 #ahbe4 ,he refus$ to be a c&idate = relection4 ,9 ?us foll[+ ! example set by ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 & ,madison1 ,monroe confirm$ ! cu/om ( limit+ ! presid5tial t]m to eight ye>s4 ,!re 0 no lack ( c&idates to succe$ him 9 8 high (fice4 ,sid5ote3 ,j4,q4 ,adams #bhe4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams4--,fir/ & =emo/ 0 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams ( ,massa*usetts4 ,he 0 ,monroe's ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ?is (fice _h be5 a k9d ( /epp+-/one to ! presid5cy4 ,monroe _h be5 ,madison's ,secret>y ( ,/ate2 ,madison _h be5 ,jeff]son's ,secret>y ( ,/ate2 & ,jeff]son _h be5 ,wa%+ton's ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 al?\gh he 0 ,vice-,presid5t :5 he 0 *os5 to ! fir/ place4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams 0 a /atesman ( great exp]i5ce & ( ability4 ,he 0 a man ( ! highe/ honor & intellig5ce4 ,he 0 nom9at$ by ! legislatures ( ,massa*usetts & ( ! o!r ,new ,engl& /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n4 ,sid5ote3 ,w4,h4 ,craw=d4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,craw=d ma*9e4 #bhf4 ,william ,h4 ,craw=d4--,besides ,adams1 two o!r memb]s ( ,monroe's cab9et wi%$ to succe$ _! *ief4 ,^! 7 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n & ,william ,h4 ,craw=d4 ,calh\n soon )drew f ! conte/ to accept ! nom9ation ( all ! factions to ! place ( ,vice-,presid5t4 ,craw=d 0 f ,georgia & 0 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury4 ,z ! head ( t great dep>tm5t1 he controll$ m appo9tm5ts ?an all ! o!r memb]s ( ! cab9et put toge!r4 ,! habit ( us+ public (fices to rew>d political fri5ds _h begun 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,wa%+ton1 9 8 second t]m1 ,adams1 & ,jeff]son _h appo9t$ to (fice only memb]s ( _! own p>ty4 ,jeff]son _h also remov$ f (fice a few political oppon5ts 7p4 #ahg74 ,b !re 7 great difficulties 9 ! way ( mak+ removals4 ,craw=d hit ^u ! plan ( appo9t+ (fic]s = f\r ye>s only4 ,congress at once fell 9 ) ! idea & pass$ ! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act1 limit+ appo9tm5ts to f\r ye>s4 ,craw=d promptly us$ ?is new p[] to build up a /rong political ma*9e 9 ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t1 devot$ to 8 p]sonal advancem5t4 ,he 0 nom9at$ = ! presid5cy by a ,congressional caucus & became ! regul> c&idate4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5ry ,clay4 ,sid5ote3 ,&rew ,jackson4 #bhg4 ,clay & ,jackson4--,two m5 outside ( ! cab9et 7 also put =w>d = ,monroe's high (fice4 ,^! 7 ,&rew ,jackson ( ,t5nessee & ,h5ry ,clay ( ,k5tucky4 ,clay & ,calh\n _h ent]$ politics at ab\t ! same "t4 ,!y _h !n believ$ 9 ! same policy4 ,calh\n _h ab&on$ 8 e>ly ideas4 ,b ,clay held fa/ to ! policy ( nationalization4 ,he /ill favor$ int]nal improvem5ts at ! national exp5se4 ,he /ill favor$ ! protective sy/em4 ,he 0 ! great peacemak] & tri$ by means ( compromises to unite all p>ts ( ! ,union 7p4 #bbb74 ,he lov$ 8 c\ntry & _h unb\nd$ fai? 9 ! ,am]ican p4 ,! legislatures ( ,k5tucky & o!r /ates nom9at$ him = ! presid5cy4 ,! /ronge/ man ( all ! c&idates 0 ,&rew ,jackson1 ! ,h]o ( ,new ,orleans4 ,he _h nev] be5 prom95t 9 politics4 ,b 8 w>like de$s _h made 8 "n & 8 /r5g? famili> to ! vot]s1 especially to ^? ( ! ,we/4 ,he 0 a man ( ! p1 z none ( 8 rivals 74 ,he /ood = democracy & ! ,union4 ,! legislatures ( ,t5nessee & o!r /ates nom9at$ ,jackson = ! presid5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! election ( #ahbd4 ,sid5ote3 ,x goes to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h\se *ooses ,adams4 #bhh4 ,adams *os5 ,presid5t1 #ahbd4--,! election 0 held4 ,! presid5tial electors met 9 _! sev]al /ates & ca/ _! votes = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t4 ,! ballots 7 br\ght to ,wa%+ton & 7 c\nt$4 ,no c&idate = ! presid5cy _h receiv$ a majority ( all ! votes ca/4 ,jackson _h m votes ?an any o!r c&idate1 next came ,adams1 !n ,craw=d1 & la/ ( all ,clay4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 vot+ by /ates1 mu/ *oose "o ( ! fir/ ?ree ,presid5t4 ,clay1 !re=e1 0 out ( ! race4 ,clay & 8 fri5ds believ$ 9 ! same ?+s t ,adams & 8 fri5ds believ$ 91 & _h slight sympa?y ) ! views ( ,jackson or ( ,craw=d4 ,s !y jo9$ ! ,adams m5 & *ose ,adams ,presid5t4 ,! ,jackson m5 7 furi\s4 ,!y decl>$ t ! ,repres5tatives _h defeat$ ! w ( ! p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams4 ,sid5ote3 ,adams appo9ts ,clay ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>ges ( a b>ga94 ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ,adams's adm9i/ration4 #bhi4 ,mis=tunes ( ,adams's ,adm9i/ration4--,adams's fir/ mi/ake 0 ! appo9tm5t ( ,clay z ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,x 0 a mi/ake1 because x gave ! ,jackson m5 a *ance to ass]t t !re _h be5 a deal betwe5 ,adams & ,clay4 ,!y call$ ,clay ! ,judas ( ! ,we/4 ,!y said t ! w ( ! p _h be5 defeat$ by a corrupt b>ga94 ,^! *>ges 7 repeat$ ov] & ov] aga9 until _m p really began to ?9k t !re mu/ be "s reason = !m4 ,! ,jackson m5 also mo/ unju/ly accus$ ,adams ( /eal+ ! nation's money4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t seiz$ ! opportunity ( ,adams's weak adm9i/ration to close ! ,we/ ,india ports to ,am]ican %ipp+4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly t>iff laws4 ,sid5ote3 ,! t>iff ( #ahaf4 ,sid5ote3 ,t>iff ( #ahbd4 #bij4 ,e>ly ,t>iffs4--,ev] s9ce #aghi manufactures _h be5 protect$ 7p4 #aee74 ,! fir/ t>iff rates 7 v l[4 ,b ! ,emb>go ,act1 ! non-int]c\rse law1 & ! ,w> ( #ahab put an end to ! importation ( =eign goods4 ,capitali/s inve/$ l>ge am\nts ( money 9 cotton mills1 wool5 mills1 & iron mills4 ,) ! return ( peace 9 #ahae1 ,briti% m]*ants flood$ ! ,am]ican m>kets ) *eap goods 7p4 #bbj74 ,! manufactur]s appeal$ to ,congress = m protection1 & ,congress promptly pass$ a new t>iff act 7#ahaf74 ,?is increas$ ! duties ov] ! e>li] laws4 ,b x did n give ! manufactur]s all ! protection t !y desir$4 ,9 #ahbd ano!r law 0 drawn up4 ,x rais$ ! duties /ill high]4 ,! ,s\!rn]s oppos$ ! passage ( ?is la/ law4 ,= !y cle>ly saw t protection did !m no good4 ,b ! ,nor!rn]s & ! ,we/]n]s 7 he>tily 9 favor ( ! increas$ duties1 & ! law 0 pass$4 ,sid5ote3 ,agitation = m protection1 #ahbh4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*eme ( ! ,jackson m54 ,sid5ote3 ,t>iff ( #ahbh4 #bia4 ,! ,t>iff ( ,abom9ations1 #ahbh4--;,9 #ahbh ano!r presid5tial election 0 to be held4 ,! manufactur]s ?\ght t ?is w\ld be a good "t to ask = ev5 high] protective duties1 because ! politicians w\ld n d>e to oppose ! passage ( ! law = fe> ( los+ votes4 ,! ,jackson m5 hit ^u a plan by :i* !y w\ld seem to favor high] duties :ile at ! same "t !y 7 really oppos+ !m4 ,!y !re=e propos$ high duties on manufactur$ goods4 ,?is w\ld please ! ,nor!rn manufactur]s4 ,!y propos$ high duties on raw mat]ials4 ,?is w\ld please ! ,we/]n produc]s4 ,b !y ?\ght t ! manufactur]s w\ld oppose ! f9al passage ( ! bill because ! high duties on raw mat]ials w\ld injure !m v mu*4 ,! bill w\ld fail to pass1 & ?is w\ld please ! ,s\!rn cotton gr[]s4 ,x 0 a v %rewd little plan4 ,b x did n "w4 ,! manufactur]s ?\ght t x w\ld be well at all ev5ts to h ! high duties on manufactur$ goods--p]haps !y might be=e long secure ! repeal ( ! duties on raw mat]ials4 ,! ,nor!rn memb]s ( ,congress vot$ = ! bill1 & x pass$4 ,sid5ote3 ,election ( #ahbh4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson elect$ ,presid5t4 ,mc,master1 #cja4 #bib4 ,jackson elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahbh4--;,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is disc\ragem5t z to =eign affairs & ?is conte/ ov] ! t>iff1 ! presid5tial campaign ( #ahbh 0 held4 ,adams & ,jackson 7 ! only two c&idates4 ,jackson 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority ( electoral votes4 ,b ,adams receiv$ only "o vote less ?an he _h receiv$ 9 #ahbd4 ,! conte/ 0 v close 9 ! two l>ge /ates ( ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,york4 ,_h a few ?\s& m vot]s 9 ^? /ates ca/ _! votes = ,adams1 ! electoral votes ( ^? /ates w\ld h be5 giv5 to him1 & he w\ld h be5 elect$4 ,x 0 =tunate t ,jackson 0 *os54 ,= a great conte/ betwe5 ! /ates & ! national gov]nm5t 0 com+ on4 ,x 0 well t a man ( ,jackson's comm&+ /r5g? & great popul>ity %\ld be at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #be #bfj-bfb4--;a4 ,expla9 by a map ! ,am]ican plan ( campaign & %[ its advantages & disadvantages4 b4 ,describe ,p]ry's victory4 ,h[ did ?is turn ! scale ( w>8 #bfc-bfe4--;a4 ,describe ! escape ( ! ,con/itution f ! ,briti% fleet4 ,describe ! de/ruction ( ! ,gu]rire & ( ! ,frolic4 ,:at 0 ! reason = ! ,am]ican successes8 b4 ,:y 0 ! effect ( ^! victories s great8 c4 ,:y did ! capture ( ! ,*esapeake cause s mu* delight 9 ,engl&8 ,:y are ,lawr5ce's words s inspir+8 #bff1 #bfg4--;a4 ,comp>e ! second plan = ! invasion ( ,canada ) ! e>li] "o4 b4 ,discuss ! ev5ts ( ,br[n's campaign & its results4 c4 ,comp>e ,prevo/'s campaign ) ,burgoyne's4 ,:y 0 x unsuccessful8 d4 ,:at d ,p]ry's & ,mc,donough's victories %[8 #bfh4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! ,briti% attacks direct$ aga9/ ^! ?ree portions ( ! c\ntry8 b4 ,describe ! attack on ,wa%+ton4 ,0 ! burn+ ( ! public build+s ju/ifiable8 c4 ,read ! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] & expla9 ! allusions4 #bfi1 #bgj4--;a4 ,describe ,jackson's plans = ! def5se ( ,new ,orleans4 ,:y 7 !y s successful8 b4 ,:y did n ?is success ( ! ,am]icans h m effect on ! peace negotiations8 #bga1 #bgb4--;a4 ,:y 7 mo/ ( ! naval conflicts dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( ! w>8 ,:at is a blockade8 ,:at is a private]8 b4 ,:at "w did ! private]s d8 #bgc4--;a4 ,:y 0 s little advance made at fir/ t[>d a treaty ( peace8 b4 ,:y 0 ! news ( ! treaty s long 9 rea*+ ,wa%+ton8 c4 ,:at 0 settl$ by ! w>8 #bgd4--;a4 ,7 ! ,f$]ali/s or ! ,republicans m truly ! national p>ty8 b4 ,:at propositions 7 made by ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion8 ,if su* proposals 7 c>ri$ out1 :at w\ld be ! effect on ! ,union8 c4 ,comp>e ! pr9ciples und]nea? ^! resolutions ) ^? ( ! ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia ,resolutions4 #bge4--;a4 ,note c>efully ! effect ( ?is w>4 b4 ,:y is x call$ ! ,second ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce8 ,,*apt] #bf #bgf1 #bgg4--;a4 ,:at is meant by ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+8 ,is ?is p]iod m important or less important ?an ! p]iod ( w> :i* prec$$ x8 ,:y8 b4 ,:at matt]s occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! p8 c4 ,:at %[s ! sudd5 increase 9 ,we/]n migration8 #bgh1 #bgi4--;a4 ,/ate c>efully ! objections to ! admission ( ,miss\ri on ! "p ( ! ,nor!rn]s4 ,:y did ! ,s\!rn]s object to ! admission ( ,ma9e8 b4 ,trace on a map ! l9e betwe5 ! free /ates & ! slave /ates4 ,:y 0 slav]y no long] ( importance nor? ( ?is l9e8 ,:y 0 x important s\? ( ?is l9e8 c4 ,:y 7 ! free /ates ga9+ fa/] ?an ! slave /ates8 d4 ,expla9 ! ,miss\ri ,compromise4 ,h[ did ! ,compromise po/pone ! conflict ov] slav]y8 #bhj4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,florida a dang] to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,:at p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld welcome ! pur*ase ( ,florida8 c4 ,:at does ?is section %[ y z to ,jackson's "*8 #bha4--;a4 ,:y 0 ! ,holy ,alliance =m$8 ,:at did ! allies propose z to ,am]ica8 b4 ,h[ 0 ?is proposal reg>d$ by ,am]icans8 ,:y8 c4 ,h[ 0 x reg>d$ by ,engli%m58 ,:y8 #bhb1 #bhc4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ! f\r po9ts ( ,monroe's message4 b4 ,7 ^! ideas new8 ,:at is an unfri5dly act8 c4 ,:at action did ,great ,brita9 take8 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! decl>ations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita94 d4 ,:at 0 ! new po9t 9 ,monroe's message8 e4 ,d we /ill keep to ! ,monroe ,doctr9e 9 all respects8 ,,*apt] #bg #bhd-bhh4--;a4 ,:o 7 ! c&idates = ,presid5t 9 #ahbd8 ,describe ! qualities & c>e]s ( ea* ( !m4 ,= :om w\ld y h vot$ _h y _h ! "r to vote 9 #ahbd8 b4 ,h[ 7 ^! c&idates nom9at$8 ,:at is a caucus8 c4 ,describe ! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act4 ,%\ld a man be giv5 an (fice simply because he has help$ 8 p>ty8 d4 ,9 :at respects 0 ,jackson unlike ! e>ly ,presid5ts8 e4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! election8 ,:o 0 f9ally *os58 ,:y8 ,if y _h be5 a ,repres5tative 9 #ahbd1 = :om w\ld y h vot$8 vot$8 ,:y8 f4 ,:at is a majority8 ,a plurality8 #bhi4--;a4 ,:y 0 ! appo9tm5t ( ,clay a mi/ake8 b4 ,:at *>ges 7 made aga9/ ,adams8 c4 ,describe ! mis=tunes ( ,adams's adm9i/ration4 #bij1 #bia4--;a4 ,h[ are manufactures protect$8 b4 ,:y 7 ! protective t>iffs ( no b5efit to ! ,s\!rn]s8 c4 ,:y 0 an attempt = a high] t>iff made 9 #ahbh8 d4 ,expla9 ! plan ( ! ,jackson m54 ,:y did ! plan fail8 #bib4--;a4 ,describe ! election ( #ahbh4 b4 ,h[ 0 ,jackson fitt$ to meet difficulties8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,:y 0 ! navy bett] prep>$ = w> ?an ! army8 b4 ,:y did slavehold]s feel ! ne$ ( m slave t]ritory 9 ! ,union8 c4 ,jackson has be5 call$ a man ( ! p4 ,expla9 ?is title4 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,e>ly life ( ,&rew ,jackson 7to #ahbh74 b4 ,a battle ( ! ,w> ( #ahab1 e4g4 ,lake ,erie1 ,lundy's ,lane1 ,plattsburg1 ,new ,orleans1 or a naval combat4 c4 ,! frigate ,con/itution4 d4 ,! c>e] ( ,clay1 ( ,calh\n1 ( ,j4,q4 ,adams1 or ( ,monroe4 ,,sugge/ions ,! results ( ! ,w> ( #ahab %\ld be c>efully /udi$ & comp>$ ) ! proposals ( ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion4 ,^! la/ c be taught by comp>ison ) ! ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia ,resolutions4 ,to ! ,miss\ri ,compromise mu* "t & c>eful explanation %\ld be giv54 ,t\* ^u ! economic side ( slav]y1 & expla9 h[ ! cont9u$ supremacy ( ! slave p[] 0 ?reat5$4 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e is ano!r difficult topic2 b x c be expla9$ by rec5t hi/ory4 ,! election ( #ahbd c be c>efully employ$ to elucidate ! mode ( elect+ ,presid5t1 & ! /ruggle ov] ! t>iffs c be illu/rat$ by rec5t t>iff conte/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flag ,,adopt$ ,,9 #ahah4 ,a /> = ea* /ate & a /ripe = ea* ( ! orig9al /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahcj ,x ,,! ,,national ,,democracy1 #ahbi-ahdd ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv2 ,lodge's ,web/]2 ,c(f9's ,build+ ! ,nation1 #bea-cac4 ,home ,read+s4--,roosevelt's ,w9n+ ( ! ,we/2 ,hale's ,/ories ( ,inv5tions2 ,wright's ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,progress4 ,,*apt] #bh ,,! ,,am]ican ,,p ,,9 #ahcj ,sid5ote3 ,*anges 9 conditions4 #bic4 ,a ,new ,race4--,betwe5 ! election ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son & ! election ( ,presid5t ,jackson great *anges _h tak5 place4 ,! old ,revolution>y /atesm5 _h gone4 ,new m5 _h tak5 _! places4 ,! old sleepy life _h gone4 ,ev]y:]e n[ 0 bu/le & hurry4 ,9 #ahjj ! ,f$]ali/s favor$ ! ,briti%1 & ! ,republicans favor$ ! ,fr5*4 ,n[ no "o seem$ to c>e = ei!r ! ,briti% or ! ,fr5*4 ,at la/ ! p _h become ,am]icans4 ,! ,f$]ali/ p>ty _h disappe>$4 ,e "o n[ 0 ei!r a ,national ,republican & vot$ = ,adams1 or a ,democratic ,republican & vot$ = ,jackson4 ,sid5ote3 ,population1 #ahcj4 ,sid5ote3 ,area1 #ahcj4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! cities4 ,sid5ote3 ,settlem5t ( ! ,we/4 #bid4 ,numb]s & ,area4--,9 #ahjj !re 7 only five & "o-half million p 9 ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,n[ !re 7 ne>ly ?irte5 million p4 ,& !y _h a v mu* l>g] c\ntry to live 94 ,9 #ahjj ! area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ab\t eight hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,b ,l\isiana & ,florida _h be5 b\ght s9ce !n4 ,n[ 7#ahcj7 ! area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ab\t two million squ>e miles4 ,! population ( ! old /ates _h greatly increas$4 ,especially ! cities _h gr[n4 ,9 #ahjj ,new ,york ,city held ab\t sixty ?\s& p2 x n[ held two hundr$ ?\s& p4 ,b x 0 9 ! ,we/ t ! greate/ gr[? _h tak5 place4 ,s9ce #ahjj ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 & ,miss\ri _h all be5 admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulties ( transport ov] ! ,alleghanies4 ,mc,master1 #beb1 #bhj-bhb4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cumb]l& ,road4 #bie4 ,national ,roads4--,/eamboats 7 n[ runn+ on ! ,great ,lakes & on all ! important riv]s ( ! ,we/4 ,! fir/ result ( ?is new mode ( transport 0 ! sep>ation ( ! ,we/ f ! ,ea/4 ,/eamboats c\ld c>ry pass5g]s & goods up & d[n ! ,mississippi & its bran*es m *eaply & m com=tably ?an p & goods c\ld be c>ri$ ov] ! ,alleghanies4 ,_m p]sons !re=e advis$ ! build+ ( a good wagon road to connect ! ,potomac ) ! ,ohio4 ,! ea/]n end ( ?is great road 0 at ,cumb]l& on ! ,potomac 9 ,m>yl&4 ,x is g5]ally call$1 !re=e1 ! ,cumb]l& ,road4 ,x 0 begun at ! national exp5se 9 #ahaa4 ,by #ahbj ! road 0 built z f> z ,:eel+ on ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,f t po9t /eamboats c\ld /eam to ,pittsburg1 ,c9c9nati1 ,/4 ,l\is1 or ,new ,orleans4 ,lat] on1 ! road 0 built f>!r we/1 z f> z ,ill9ois4 ,!n ! com+ ( ! railroad made fur!r build+ unnecess>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,erie ,canal1 #ahbe4 ,mc,master1 #bhb-bhd4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,results ( ! build+ ( ! ,erie ,canal4 #bif4 ,! ,erie ,canal4--,! be/ way to connect "o /eamboat r\te ) ano!r 0 to dig a canal4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( all ^! canals 0 ! "o connect+ ! ,hudson ,riv] ) ,lake ,erie1 & call$ ! ,erie ,canal4 ,x 0 begun 9 #ahag & 0 complet$ s t a boat c\ld pass ?r\gh x 9 #ahbe4 ,x 0 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton :o argu$ t su* a canal w\ld b5efit ,new ,york ,city by br++ to x ! produce ( ! ,nor?we/ & ( we/]n ,new ,york4 ,at ! same "t x w\ld b5efit ! f>m]s ( ^? regions by br++ _! produce to tide wat] *eap] ?an x c\ld be br\ght by road ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania4 ,x w\ld /ill fur!r b5efit ! f>m]s by enabl+ !m to buy _! goods mu* *eap]1 z ! rates ( freight w\ld be s mu* l[] by canal ?an !y 7 by road4 ,p :o did n see ^! ?+s z cle>ly z ,de ,witt ,cl9ton saw !m1 spoke ( ! ent]prise mo/ sne]+ly & call$ ! canal ,cl9ton's big dit*4 ,x v soon appe>$ t ,cl9ton 0 "r4 ,9 "o ye> ! co/ ( c>ry+ a ton ( gra9 f ,lake ,erie to ! ,hudson ,riv] fell f "o hundr$ doll>s to fifte5 doll>s4 ,new ,york ,city soon out/ripp$ all its rivals & became ! c5t] ( trade & money 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,o!r canals1 z ! ,*esapeake & ,ohio ,canal1 7 m>vels ( skill4 ,b !y 7 n s favorably situat$ z ! ,erie ,canal & c\ld n compete ) x successfully4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cone/oga ,,wagon ,,& ,,team4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fir/ railroads4 ,mc,master1 #bhe-bhi4 #big4 ,e>ly ,railroads4--,! be/ /one & gravel roads 7 always r\gh 9 places4 ,x occurr$ to "s "o t x w\ld be bett] to lay d[n wood5 rails1 & !n to place a rim or flange on ! wagon :eels to keep !m on ! rails4 ,! fir/ road ( ?is k9d 9 ,am]ica 0 built at ,bo/on 9 #ahjg4 ,x 0 a v rude affair & 0 only us$ to c>ry dirt f ! top ( a hill to ! h>bor4 ,! wood5 rails soon wore out1 s ! next /ep 0 to nail /rips ( iron on top ( !m4 ,long l9es ( railroads ( ?is k9d 7 soon built4 ,bo? pass5g]s & goods c\ld be c>ri$ on !m4 ,"s ( !m 7 built by private p]sons or by companies4 ,o!rs 7 built by a t[n or a /ate4 ,any "o hav+ horses & wagons ) flang$ :eels c\ld use ! railway on ! paym5t ( a small sum ( money4 ,?is 0 ! condition ( affairs :5 ! /eam locomotive 0 inv5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,locomotive4 ,sid5ote3 ,inv5tion ( ! locomotive1 #ahcj4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>d%ips ( e>ly railroad travel4 #bih4 ,! ,/eam ,locomotive4--,/eam 0 us$ to drive boats ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,:y %\ld n /eam be us$ to haul wagons ov] a railroad8 ,?is 0 a v easy "q to ask1 & a v h>d "o to answ]4 ,ye> aft] ye> inv5tors work$ on ! problem4 ,sudd5ly1 ab\t #ahcj1 x 0 solv$ 9 sev]al places & by sev]al m5 at ne>ly ! same "t4 ,x 0 "s ye>s1 h[ev]1 be=e ! locomotive came into g5]al use4 ,! e>ly railroad tra9s 7 rude affairs4 ,! c>s 7 h>dly m ?an /agecoa*es ) flang$ :eels4 ,!y 7 fa/5$ toge!r ) *a9s1 & :5 ! eng9e />t$ or /opp$1 !re 0 a t]rible bump+ & jolt+4 ,! smoke pipe ( ! eng9e 0 v tall & 0 h+$ s t x c\ld be let d[n :5 com+ to a l[ bridge or a tunnel4 ,!n ! smoke & c9d]s p\r$ /raight into ! pass5g]s' faces4 ,b ^! tra9s w5t fa/] ?an canal boats or /eamboats4 ,soon ! railroad began to take ! fir/ place z a means ( transport4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,locomotive ,,( ,,to-,,day4 ,sid5ote3 ,use ( h>d coal4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! cities4 #bii4 ,o!r ,inv5tions4--,! com+ ( ! /eam locomotive ha/5$ ! *anges :i* "o saw on e side 9 #ahcj4 ,= "s "t m5 _h kn[n t !re 0 pl5ty ( h>d coal or an?racite 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,b x 0 s h>d t x w\ld n burn 9 ! old-fa%ion$ /oves & fireplaces4 ,n[ a /ove 0 inv5t$ t w\ld burn an?racite1 & ! :ole matt] ( h\se w>m+ 0 completely *ang$4 ,!n means 7 f\nd to make iron f ore ) an?racite4 ,! :ole iron indu/ry awoke to new life4 ,next ! use ( gas made f coal became common 9 cities4 ,! great increase 9 manufactur+1 & ! great *anges 9 modes ( transport1 l$ p to cr[d toge!r 9 cities & t[ns4 ,^! inv5tions made x possible to fe$ & w>m l>ge numb]s ( p]sons ga!r$ into small areas4 ,! cities began to gr[ s fa/ t p c\ld no long] live ne> _! "w or ! %ops4 ,l9es ( /agecoa*es 7 e/abli%$1 & ! coa*es 7 soon foll[$ by horse c>s1 :i* ran on iron tracks laid 9 ! /reets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,horse ,,c>4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! s*ool sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,web/]'s ,diction>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican m5 ( lett]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican m5 ( sci5ce4 #cjj4 ,progress 9 ,lett]s4--,!re 0 also great progress 9 le>n+4 ,! s*ool sy/em 0 con/antly improv$4 ,especially 0 ?is ! case 9 ! ,we/1 :]e ! gov]nm5t devot$ "o ?irty-six? "p ( ! public l&s to education4 ,high s*ools 7 f\nd$1 & soon normal s*ools 7 add$ to !m4 ,ev5 ! colleges awoke f _! long sleep4 ,m /ud5ts w5t to !m1 & ! me?ods ( tea*+ 7 improv$4 ,"s slight att5tion1 too1 0 giv5 to tea*+ ! sci5ces4 ,9 #ahbh ,noah ,web/] publi%$ ! fir/ edition ( 8 great diction>y4 ,un=tunately he tri$ to *ange ! spell+ ( _m words4 ,b 9 o!r ways 8 diction>y 0 a great improvem5t4 ,he def9$ words s t !y c\ld be und]/ood1 & he gave ! ,am]ican mean+ ( _m words1 z congress4 ,am]ican writ]s n[ began to make great reputations4 ,coop]1 ,irv+1 & ,bryant 7 already well kn[n4 ,!y 7 soon jo9$ by a wond]ful set ( m51 :o spe$ily made ,am]ica fam\s4 ,^! 7 ,em]son1 ,l[ell1 ,longfell[1 ,holmes1 ,haw?orne1 ,prescott1 ,motley1 ,bancr(t1 & ,sp>ks4 ,9 sci5ce1 also1 m5 ( m>k 7 beg9n+ _! labors1 z ,pi]ce1 ,gray1 ,silliman1 & ,dana4 ,l\is ,agassiz be=e long began 8 wond]ful lectures1 :i* did mu* to make sci5ce popul>4 ,9 %ort1 ,jackson's adm9i/ration m>ks ! "t :5 ,am]ican life began to take on its mod]n =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,noah ,,web/]4 ,,*apt] #bi ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,&rew ,,jackson1 #ahbi-ahcg ,sid5ote3 ,jackson's e>ly c>e]4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 kit*5 cab9et4 #cja4 ,g5]al ,jackson4--,born 9 ! backwoods ( ,c>ol9a1 ,jackson _h e>ly cross$ ! ,alleghanies & settl$ 9 ,t5nessee4 ,:5ev] tr\ble came to ! ,we/]n p1 :5ev] !re 0 ne$ ( a /\t he>t & an iron w1 ,jackson 0 at ! front4 ,he always did 8 duty4 ,he always did 8 duty well4 ,hone/ & s9c]e1 he believ$ 9 himself & he believ$ 9 ! ,am]ican p4 ,z ,presid5t he l$ ! p 9 "o ( ! /ormie/ p]iods 9 our hi/ory4 ,able m5 ga!r$ ab\t him4 ,b he reli$ *iefly on ! advice ( a few fri5ds :o smok$ _! pipes ) him & =m$ 8 kit*5 cab9et4 ,he seldom call$ a regul> cab9et meet+4 ,:5 he did call "o1 x 0 (t5 m]ely to tell ! memb]s :at he _h decid$ to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>ty ma*9es4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,spoils ,sy/em4 #cjb4 ,! ,spoils ,sy/em4--,among ! able m5 :o _h f\ght ! election = ,jackson 7 ,van ,bur5 & ,m>cy ( ,new ,york & ,bu*anan ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,!y _h built up /rong p>ty ma*9es 9 _! /ates4 ,= !y saw no?+ wrong 9 ! pr9ciple t to ! victors belong ! spoils ( victory4 ,s !y rew>d$ _! p>ty work]s ) (fices--:5 !y won4 ,! ,spoils ,sy/em 0 n[ begun 9 ! national gov]nm5t4 ,^? :o _h work$ = ,jackson ru%$ to ,wa%+ton4 ,! hotels & bo>d+-h\ses c\ld n hold !m4 ,"s ( !m camp$ out 9 ! p>ks & public squ>es ( ! capital4 ,removals n[ w5t m]rily on4 ,rotation 9 (fice 0 ! cry4 ,be=e long ,jackson remov$ ne>ly "o ?\s& (ficehold]s & appo9t$ political p>tisans 9 _! places4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,mc,master1 #cja-cjd4 #cjc4 ,! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4--,! ,s\? 0 n[ a great cotton-produc+ region4 ,?is cotton 0 gr[n by negro slaves4 ,! ,nor? 0 n[ a great manufactur+ & comm]cial region4 ,x 0 also a great agricultural region4 ,b ! labor 9 ! mills1 fields1 & %ips ( ! ,nor? 0 all free :ite labor4 ,s ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 really split into two sections3 "o devot$ to slav]y & to a few great /aples1 z cotton2 ! o!r devot$ to free :ite labor & to indu/ries ( _m k9ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s\? & ! t>iff1 #ahbi4 ,sid5ote3 ,calh\n's ,exposition4 #cjd4 ,! ,political ,situation1 #ahbi4--,! ,s\? 0 gr[+ ri*] all ! "t2 b ! ,nor? 0 gr[+ ri*] a great deal fa/] ?an 0 ! ,s\?4 ,calh\n & o!r ,s\!rn m5 ?\ght t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! rate ( progress 0 due to ! protective sy/em4 ,9 #ahbh ,congress _h pass$ a t>iff t 0 s bad t x 0 call$ ! ,t>iff ( ,abom9ations 7p4 #bca74 ,! ,s\!rn]s c\ld n prev5t its passage4 ,b ,calh\n wrote an ,exposition ( ! con/itutional doctr9es 9 ! case4 ,?is pap] 0 adopt$ by ! legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a z giv+ its ideas4 ,9 ?is pap] ,calh\n decl>$ t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 a compact4 ,ea* /ate 0 a sov]eign /ate & c\ld annul any law pass$ by ,congress4 ,! protective sy/em 0 unju/ & unequal 9 op]ation4 ,x w\ld br+ pov]ty & utt] desolation to ! ,s\?4 ,! t>iff act %\ld be annull$ by ,s\? ,c>ol9a & by o!r ,s\!rn /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,daniel ,,web/]1 #ahcc4 ,sid5ote3 ,hayne's spee*1 #ahcj4 ,sid5ote3 ,web/]'s reply to ,hayne4 #cje4 ,web/] & ,hayne1 #ahcj4--;,calh\n 0 ,vice-,presid5t & presid$ ov] ! debates ( ! ,s5ate4 ,s x fell to ,s5ator ,hayne ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a to /ate ,calh\n's ideas4 ,?is he did 9 a v able spee*4 ,to him ,daniel ,web/] ( ,massa*usetts repli$ 9 ! mo/ brilliant spee*es ev] deliv]$ 9 ,congress4 ,! ,con/itution1 ,web/] decl>$1 0 ! p's con/itution1 ! p's gov]nm5t2 made by ! p & answ]able to ! p4 ,! p h decl>$ t ?is con/itution 444 %all be ! supreme law4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone c\ld decl>e a national law to be uncon/itutional2 no /ate c\ld d t4 ,he end$ ?is great spee* ) ! memorable words1 ,lib]ty & ,union1 n[ & =ev]1 "o & insep>able4 ,sid5ote3 ,t>iff ( #ahcb4 ,sid5ote3 ,nullifi$ by ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ahcc4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson's w>n+4 ,sid5ote3 ,he prep>es to en=ce ! law4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,=ce ,bill1 #ahcc4 #cjf4 ,nullification1 #ahcb-cc4--;,9 #ahcb ,congress pass$ a new t>iff act4 ,! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians decid$ to try ,calh\n's weapon ( nullification4 ,!y held a conv5tion1 decl>$ ! act null & void1 & =bade ,s\? ,c>ol9ians to obey ! law4 ,!y probably ?\ght t ,jackson w\ld n oppose !m4 ,b !y %\ld h _h no d\bts on t subject4 ,= ,jackson already _h propos$ 8 fam\s toa/ on ,jeff]son's bir?day1 ,our f$]al ,union1 x mu/ be pres]v$4 ,he n[ told ! ,c>ol9ians t he w\ld en=ce ! laws1 & he set ab\t do+ x ) all 8 old-"t en]gy4 ,he s5t %ips & soldi]s to ,*>le/on & ord]$ ! collector ( t port to collect ! duties4 ,he !n ask$ ,congress to give him great] p[]4 ,& ,congress pass$ ! ,=ce ,bill1 giv+ him ! p[] he ask$ =4 ,! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians1 on _! "p1 susp5d$ ! nullification ord9ance & ?us avoid$ an arm$ conflict ) ,old ,hickory1 z 8 admir]s call$ ,jackson4 ,sid5ote3 ,t>iff ( #ahcc4 #cjg4 ,! ,compromise ,t>iff1 #ahcc4--,! nullifi]s really ga9$ a "p ( ! battle1 = ! t>iff law ( #ahcb 0 repeal$4 ,9 its place ,congress pass$ :at 0 call$ ! ,compromise ,t>iff4 ,?is compromise 0 ! "w ( ,h5ry ,clay1 ! peacemak]4 ,"u x ! duties 7 to be gradually l[]$ until1 9 #ahdb1 !y w\ld be z l[ z !y 7 by ! ,t>iff ,act ( #ahaf 7p4 #bca74 ,sid5ote3 ,second ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank1 #ahaf4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson's dislike ( ! bank4 #cjh4 ,! ,second ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank4--,n[adays any "o ) en\gh money c op5 a national bank "u ! protection ( ! gov]nm5t at ,wa%+ton4 ,at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 !re 0 "o great ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank4 ,its headqu>t]s 7 at ,philadelphia & x _h bran*es all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,jackson1 l ,jeff]son 7p4 #afc71 _h v grave d\bts z to ! p[] ( ! national gov]nm5t to e/abli% su* a bank4 ,its size & its prosp]ity al>m$ him4 ,moreov]1 ! /ockhold]s & manag]s1 = ! mo/ "p1 7 8 political oppon5ts4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank also int]f]$ s]i\sly ) ! op]ations ( ! /ate banks--"s ( :i* 7 manag$ by ,jackson's fri5ds4 ,! latt] urg$ him on to de/roy ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank1 & he det]m9$ to de/roy x4 ,sid5ote3 ,jackson1 ,clay1 & ! bank *>t]4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/itution1 ,art4 ,i1 sec4 #g1 p>4 #c4 ,sid5ote3 ,relection ( ,jackson1 #ahcb4 #cji4 ,/ruggle ov] ! ,bank ,*>t]4--,! *>t] ( ! bank w\ld n come to an end until #ahcf1 :ile ! t]m = :i* ,jackson _h be5 elect$ 9 #ahbh w\ld come to an end 9 #ahcc4 ,b 9 8 fir/ message to ,congress ,jackson gave notice t he w\ld n give 8 cons5t to a new *>t]4 ,clay & 8 fri5ds at once took up ! *all5ge4 ,!y pass$ a bill re*>t]+ ! bank4 ,jackson veto$ ! bill4 ,! ,clay m5 c\ld n get en\gh votes to pass x ov] 8 veto4 ,! bank "q1 !re=e1 became "o ( ! issues ( ! election ( #ahcb4 ,jackson 0 reflect$ by a l>ge majority ov] ,clay4 ,! p 7 cle>ly on 8 side1 & he at once set to "w to de/roy ! bank4 ,sid5ote3 ,! bank & ! gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,removal ( ! deposits1 #ahcc4 ,mc,master1 #cje-cjh4 #caj4 ,removal ( ! ,deposits4--,9 ^? days !re 0 no ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury build+ at ,wa%+ton1 ) great vaults = ! /or+ ( gold1 silv]1 & pap] money4 ,!re 7 no sub-treasuries 9 ! important comm]cial cities4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank & its bran*es receiv$ ! gov]nm5t's money on deposit & paid x out on *ecks sign$ by ! prop] gov]nm5t (ficial4 ,9 #ahcc ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank _h 9 its vaults ab\t n9e million doll>s belong+ to ! gov]nm5t4 ,jackson direct$ t ?is money %\ld be drawn out z requir$1 to pay ! gov]nm5t's exp5ses1 & t no m gov]nm5t money %\ld be deposit$ 9 ! bank4 ,9 ! future x %\ld be deposit$ 9 c]ta9 /ate banks4 ,! banks select$ 7 controll$ by ,jackson's political fri5ds & 7 call$ ! pet banks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rew ,,jackson1 #ahae4 ,our ,f$]al union1 x mu/ be pres]v$4--,jackson's toa/ at ! ,jeff]son d9n]4 ,sid5ote3 ,speculation 9 ,we/]n l&s4 ,mc,master1 #cji4 ,sid5ote3 ,! specie circul>1 #ahcf4 #caa4 ,jackson's ,specie ,circul>1 #ahcf4--,! fir/ result ( ! removal ( ! deposits 0 v diff]5t f :at ,jackson _h expect$4 ,at ?is "t !re 0 active speculation 9 ,we/]n l&s4 ,m5 :o _h a little sp>e money b\ght ,we/]n l&s4 ,^? :o _h no money 9 h&1 borr[$ money f ! banks & ) x b\ght ,we/]n l&s4 ,n[ x happ5$ t _m ( ! pet banks 7 9 ! ,we/4 ,! gov]nm5t's money1 deposit$ ) !m1 tempt$ _! manag]s to l5d money m freely4 ,?is1 9 turn1 increas$ ! ease ) :i* p c\ld speculate4 ,jackson saw t unless some?+ 7 done to re/ra9 ?is speculation1 disa/] w\ld surely come4 ,s he issu$ a circul> to ! ,unit$ ,/ates l& (fic]s4 ,?is circul> 0 call$ ! ,specie ,circul>1 because 9 x ! ,presid5t =bade ! l& (fic]s to receive any?+ except gold & silv] & c]ta9 c]tificates 9 paym5t = ! public l&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,settl]',s ,,cab94 ,sid5ote3 ,paym5t ( ! national debt4 ,mc,master1 #cji-caj4 #cab4 ,paym5t ( ! ,debt1 #ahcg4--,! national debt _h n[ all be5 paid4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 collect+ m money ?an x c\ld use = national purposes4 ,& x 0 compell$ to keep on collect+ m money ?an x c\ld use1 because ! ,compromise ,t>iff 7p4 #bdh7 made x impossible to r$uce duties any fa/] ?an a c]ta9 am\nt ea* ye>4 ,no "o d>$ to di/urb ! ,compromise ,t>iff1 because to d s w\ld br+ on a mo/ bitt] political fight4 ,! gov]nm5t _h m money 9 ! pet banks ?an 0 really safe4 ,x c\ld n deposit m ) !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ribution ( ! surplus4 ,sid5ote3 ,van ,bur5 elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahcf4 #cac4 ,di/ribution ( ! ,surplus1 #ahcg4--;,a curi\s plan 0 n[ hit ^u4 ,x 0 to loan ! surplus rev5ues to ! /ates 9 proportion to _! electoral votes4 ,?ree paym5ts 7 made to ! /ates4 ,!n ! ,panic ( #ahcg came1 & ! gov]nm5t _h to borr[ money to pay its own necess>y exp5ses4 ,be=e ?is occurr$1 h[ev]1 ,jackson 0 no long] ,presid5t4 ,9 8 place 0 ,m>t9 ,van ,bur51 8 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 :o _h be5 *os5 ,presid5t 9 ,novemb]1 #ahcf4 ,,*apt] #cj ,,democrats ,,& ,,:igs1 #ahcg-ahdd ,sid5ote3 ,causes ( ! ,panic4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>d times1 #ahcg-ci4 #cad4 ,! ,panic ( #ahcg4--,! ,panic 0 due directly to ,jackson's int]f]5ce ) ! banks1 to 8 ,specie ,circul>1 & to ! di/ribution ( ! surplus4 ,x happ5$ 9 ?is way4 ,:5 ! ,specie ,circul> 0 issu$1 p :o held pap] money at once w5t to ! banks to get gold & silv] 9 ex*ange = x to pay = ! l&s b\ght ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! gov]nm5t on its "p drew out money f ! banks to pay ! /ates _! %>e ( ! surplus4 ,! banks 7 oblig$ to sell _! prop]ty & to dem& paym5t ( money due !m4 ,p :o ow$ money to ! banks 7 oblig$ to sell _! prop]ty to pay ! banks4 ,s e "o want$ to sell1 & few want$ to buy4 ,prices ( ev]y?+ w5t d[n ) a ru%4 ,p felt s poor t !y w\ld n ev5 buy new clo!s4 ,! mills & m9es 7 clos$1 & ! banks susp5d$ paym5ts4 ,?\s&s ( work+ m5 & wom5 7 ?r[n out ( "w4 ,!y c\ld n ev5 buy food = !mselves or _! families4 ,t]rible bread riots took place4 ,aft] a "t p began to pluck up _! c\rage4 ,b x 0 a long "t be=e good times came aga94 ,sid5ote3 ,! national f9ances4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sub-,treasury plan4 ,sid5ote3 ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,act1 #ahdj4 #cae4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,sy/em4--,:at %\ld be done ) ! gov]nm5t's money8 ,no "o c\ld ?9k ( deposit+ x ) ! /ate banks4 ,clay & 8 fri5ds ?\ght ! be/ ?+ to d w\ld be to e/abli% a new ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank4 ,b ,van ,bur5 0 oppos$ to t4 ,8 plan1 9 %ort1 0 to build vaults = /or+ money 9 ,wa%+ton & 9 ! lead+ cities4 ,! ma9 /oreh\se or ,treasury 0 to be 9 ,wa%+ton1 subord9ate /oreh\ses or sub-treasuries 7 to be e/abli%$ 9 ! o!r cities4 ,to ^! sub-treasuries ! collectors ( cu/oms w\ld pay ! money collect$ by !m4 ,9 ?is way ! gov]nm5t w\ld become indep5d5t ( ! g5]al bus9ess affairs ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 #ahdj ,congress pass$ an act = putt+ ?is plan into effect4 ,b be=e x 0 9 work+ ord]1 ,van ,bur5 0 no long] ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,new p>ties4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,democrats4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,:igs4 #caf4 ,democrats & ,:igs4--,9 ! ,era ( ,good ,feel+ !re 0 b "o p>ty--! ,republican p>ty4 ,9 ! confus$ times ( #ahbd ! sev]al sections ( ! p>ty took ! names ( _! p>ty lead]s3 ! ,adams m51 ! ,jackson m51 ! ,clay m51 & s on4 ,soon ! ,adams m5 & ! ,clay m5 began to act toge!r & to call !mselves ,national ,republicans4 ,?is !y did because !y wi%$ to build up ! nation's res\rces at ! exp5se ( ! nation4 ,! ,jackson m5 call$ !mselves ,democratic ,republicans1 because !y upheld ! rights ( ! p4 ,be=e long !y dropp$ ! ^w ,republican & call$ !mselves simply ,democrats4 ,! ,national ,republicans dropp$ ! :ole ( _! "n & took t ( ! great ,engli% lib]al p>ty--! ,:igs4 ,?is !y did because !y favor$ re=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,log ,cab9 ,song ,book4 ,sid5ote3 ,a campaign ( humor4 ,higg9son1 #bfi2 ,mc,master1 #cae-caf4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>rison & ,tyl] elect$1 #ahdj4 #cag4 ,election ( #ahdj4--;,g5]al ,william ,h5ry ,h>rison 0 ! son ( ,b5jam9 ,h>rison ( ,virg9ia1 "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,g5]al ,h>rison _h mov$ to ! ,we/ & _h won di/9ction at ,tippecanoe1 & also 9 ! ,w> ( #ahab 7pp4 #bjb1 #bji74 ,! ,:igs nom9at$ him 9 #ahcf1 b he 0 beat54 ,!y n[ r5om9at$ him = ,presid5t1 ) ,john ,tyl] ( ,virg9ia z c&idate = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,van ,bur5 _h made a good ,presid5t1 b 8 t]m ( (fice 0 associat$ ) panic & h>d times4 ,he 0 a ri* man & gave great p>ties4 ,pla9ly he 0 n a man ( ! p1 z 0 ,h>rison4 ,a ,democratic orator sne]$ at ,h>rison1 & said t all he want$ 0 a log cab9 ( 8 own & a jug ( cid]4 ,! ,:igs eag]ly seiz$ on ?is description4 ,!y built log cab9s at ! /reet corn]s & dragg$ ?r\gh ! /reets log cab9s on great wagons4 ,!y held imm5se op5-air meet+s at :i* p sang songs ( ,tippecanoe & ,tyl] ,too4 ,h>rison & ,tyl] receiv$ ne>ly all ! electoral votes & 7 *os5 ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,dea? ( ,h>rison1 #ahda4 #cah4 ,dea? ( ,h>rison1 #ahda4--,! p's ,presid5t 0 inaugurat$ on ,m>* #d1 #ahda4 ,= ! fir/ "t s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,spoils ,sy/em a new p>ty came into control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,?\s&s ( (fice-seek]s ?rong$ to ,wa%+ton4 ,!y ev5 slept 9 out-(-!-way corn]s ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,day aft] day1 f morn+ till night1 !y press$ _! claims on ,h>rison4 ,"o morn+ e>ly1 be=e ! (fice-seek]s 7 a/ir1 he w5t out = a walk4 ,he caught cold & di$ sudd5ly1 j "o mon? aft] 8 inauguration4 ,john ,tyl] at once became ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,presid5t ,tyl]4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 conte/ ) ! ,:igs4 #cai4 ,tyl] & ! ,:igs4--,presid5t ,tyl] 0 n a ,:ig l ,h>rison or ,clay1 nor 0 he a ,democrat l ,jackson4 ,he 0 a ,democrat :o did n l ,jackson ideas4 ,z ,presid5t1 he prov$ to be any?+ b a ,:ig4 ,he 0 will+ to sign a bill to repeal ! ,indep5d5t ,treasury ,act1 = t 0 a ,democratic measure he _h n lik$2 b he refus$ to sign a bill to e/abli% a new ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,)\t ei!r a bank or a treasury1 x 0 well-nigh impossible to c>ry on ! bus9ess ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,b x 0 c>ri$ on 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,tyl] 0 will+ to sign a new t>iff act1 & "o 0 pass$ 9 #ahdb4 ,?is 0 possible1 z ! ,compromise ,t>iff 7p4 #bdh7 came to an end 9 t ye>4 ,sid5ote3 ,nor!a/]n b\nd>y dispute4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,a%burton ,treaty1 #ahdb4 #cbj4 ,treaty ) ,great ,brita91 #ahdb4--,p]haps ! mo/ important ev5t ( ,tyl]'s adm9i/ration 0 ! sign+ ( ! ,treaty ( #ahdb ) ,great ,brita94 ,ev] s9ce ! ,treaty ( ,peace ( #aghc1 !re _h be5 a dispute ov] ! nor!a/]n b\nd>y ( ,ma9e4 ,if ! b\nd>y _h be5 run accord+ to ! pla9 mean+ ( ! ,treaty ( ,peace1 ! p ( ,upp] ,canada w\ld h f\nd x almo/ impossible to rea* ,new ,brunswick or ,nova ,scotia 9 w9t]4 ,at t "t ( ! ye> ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce is froz5 ov]1 & ! true nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,ma9e ran s ne> to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce t x 0 difficult to build a road :i* w\ld be :olly 9 ,briti% t]ritory4 ,s ! ,briti% _h tri$ 9 e way to avoid settl+ ! matt]4 ,x 0 n[ arrang$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld h a little piece ( ,canada nor? ( ,v]mont & ,new ,york & %\ld give up ! extreme nor!a/]n corn] ( ,ma9e4 ,x 0 also agre$ t crim9als escap+ f "o c\ntry to ! o!r %\ld be return$4 ,a /ill fur!r agreem5t 0 made = *eck+ ! slave trade f ! coa/ ( we/]n ,africa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,tyl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,morse ,,in/rum5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,morse code4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ telegraph l9e1 #ahdd4 ,sid5ote3 ,usefulness ( ! telegraph1 ,mc,master1 #cgb4 #cba4 ,! ,electric ,telegraph4--,b5jam9 ,frankl9 & ,joseph ,h5ry made great discov]ies 9 electricity4 ,b ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse 0 ! fir/ to use electricity 9 a practical way4 ,morse f\nd out t if a man at "o end ( a l9e ( wire press$ d[n a key1 electricity c\ld be made at ! same mom5t to press d[n ano!r key at ! o!r end ( ! l9e ( wire4 ,moreov]1 ! key at ! f>!r end ( ! l9e c\ld be s arrang$ z to make an impression on a piece ( pap] t 0 sl[ly drawn "u x by clockwork4 ,n[ if ! man at "o end ( ! l9e held 8 key d[n = only an in/ant1 ?is impression w\ld look l a dot4 ,if he held x d[n long]1 x w\ld look l a %ort da%4 ,morse comb9$ ^! dots & da%es into an alphabet4 ,= in/ance1 "o da% meant ! lett] t1 & s on4 ,= a "t p only laugh$ at ,morse4 ,b at l5g? ,congress gave him en\gh money to build a l9e f ,baltimore to ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 op5$ 9 #ahdd1 & prov$ to be a success f ! beg9n+4 ,o!r l9es 7 soon built1 & ! ,morse sy/em1 greatly improv$1 is /ill 9 use4 ,! telegraph made x possible to op]ate long l9es ( railroad1 z all ! tra9s c\ld be manag$ f "o (fice s t !y w\ld n run into "o ano!r4 ,x also made x possible to communicate ) p af> (f & get an answ] 9 an h\r or s4 ,= bo? ^! reasons ! telegraph 0 v important & ) ! railroads did mu* to unite ! p ( ! diff]5t portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mccormick ,,reap]4 ,sid5ote3 ,problems ( :at gr[+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mc,cormick reap]1 #ahca4 ,mc,master1 #ca-cgb4 ,sid5ote3 ,results ( ?is inv5tion4 #cbb4 ,! ,mc,cormick ,reap]4--,e great /aple dep5ds = its production on "s p>ticul> tool4 ,= in/ance1 cotton 0 ( slight importance until ! inv5tion ( ! cotton g9 7p4 #ahe7 made x possible *eaply to sep>ate ! se$ f ! fib]4 ,! success ( :eat gr[+ dep5d$ ^u ! ability quickly to h>ve/ ! crop4 ,:eat mu/ be all[$ to /& until x is fully rip5$4 ,!n x mu/ be quickly reap$ & /or$ away out ( ! rea* ( ! ra9 & wet4 ,= a few weeks 9 ea* ye> !re 0 a great dem& = labor on ! :eat f>ms4 ,& !re 0 little labor to be _h4 ,cyrus ,h4 ,mc,cormick solv$ ?is problem = ! :eat gr[]s by inv5t+ a horse reap]4 ,! inv5tion 0 made 9 #ahca1 b x 0 n until #ahde t ! reap] came into g5]al use4 ,by #ahee ! use ( ! horse reap] 0 add+ e ye> fifty-five million doll>s to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,ea* ye> its use mov$ ! fr+e ( civilization fifty miles f>!r we/4 ,)\t h>ve/+ ma*9]y ! rapid settlem5t ( ! ,we/ w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,& _h n ! ,we/ be5 rapidly settl$ by free :ites1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! c\ntry betwe5 #ahde & #ahfe w\ld h be5 v diff]5t f :at x has be54 ,! influ5ce ( ! horse reap] on our political hi/ory1 !re=e1 is z important z ! influ5ce ( ! /eam locomotive or ( ! cotton g94 ,illu/ration3 ,,mod]n ,,h>ve/]4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #bh #bic1 #bid4--;,comp>e ! condition ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahcj & #ahjj z to 7#a7 ext5t1 7#b7 population1 7#c7 int]e/s & occupation ( ! p4 ,illu/rate ^! *anges by maps1 diagrams1 or tables4 #bie1 #bif4--;a4 ,h[ _h ! use ( /eamboats increas$8 b4 ,:y _h ?is l$ to ! sep>ation ( ! ,we/ & ! ,ea/8 ,h[ 0 x propos$ to ov]come ?is difficulty8 c4 ,d y ?9k t roads %\ld be built at national exp5se8 ,give y\r reasons4 d4 ,m>k on a map ! ,erie ,canal1 & %[ :y x 0 s important4 ,describe ! effects ( its use4 #big1 #bih4--;a4 ,d y ?9k t railroads %\ld be c>ri$ on by ! /ate or by individuals8 ,:y8 b4 ,:at influ5ce has ! railroad _h ^u ! ,union8 ,^u p's m9ds8 ,^u ! gr[? ( cities8 7,take y\r own city or t[n & ?9k ( x )\t railroads any:]e47 #bii1 #cjj4--;a4 ,expla9 h[ "o discov]y or inv5tion affect$ o!r indu/ries 7z %[n1 = in/ance1 9 ! use ( an?racite coal74 b4 ,h[ did ^! inv5tions make l>ge cities possible8 c4 ,:y is ! education ( our p s important8 d4 ,:at 7 ! advantages ( ,web/]'s ,diction>y8 ,,*apt] #bi #cja1 #cjb4--;a4 ,:y is ?is *apt] call$ ! ,reign ( ,&rew ,jackson8 ,d y ?9k t a ,presid5t %\ld reign8 b4 ,9 :at respects 0 ,jackson fitt$ = ,presid5t8 c4 ,:at is meant by 8 kit*5 cab9et8 d4 ,:at is a p>ty ma*9e8 ,h[ 0 x connect$ ) ! spoils sy/em8 e4 ,did ! spoils sy/em orig9ate ) ,jackson8 #cjc1 #cjd4--;a4 ,comp>e c>efully ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,:y 0 ! ,nor? gr[+ ri* fa/] ?an ! ,s\?8 b4 ,:]e h y already f\nd ! ideas express$ 9 ,calh\n's ,exposition8 ,:y 0 ?is doctr9e s dang]\s8 ,are ! /ates sov]eign /ates8 #cje4--;a4 ,:at view did ,web/] take8 ,h[ does 8 spee* %[ ! increase ( ! love ( ! ,union8 b4 ,:at is ! supreme law ( ! l&8 ,^: bus9ess is x to decide on ! con/itutionality ( a law8 ,is ?is wise8 #cjf1 #cjg4--;a4 ,h[ did ,s\? ,c>ol9a oppose ! ,act ( #ahcb8 b4 ,h[ did ,jackson oppose ! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians8 c4 ,w\ld a /ate be likely to nullify an act ( ,congress n[8 ,give y\r reasons4 #cjh1 #cji4--;a4 ,0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank l ! national banks ( ! pres5t day8 b4 ,:y did ,jackson dislike & di/ru/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank8 c4 ,if a bill is veto$ by ! ,presid5t1 h[ c x /ill be made a law8 #caj4--;a4 ,:]e did ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t keep its money8 b4 ,h[ did ,jackson try to ru9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bank8 #caa-cac4--;a4 ,:y did p wi% to buy ,we/]n l&s8 ,h[ did ! favor+ ! pet banks increase speculation8 b4 ,:at 0 done ) ! surplus8 ,:at 0 ! effect ( ?is measure8 c4 ,h[ did ,jackson try to /op speculation8 ,,*apt] #cj #cad1 #cae4--;a4 ,:y did prices g d[n ) a ru%8 b4 ,describe ! ,indep5d5t ,treasury plan4 ,:]e is ! nation's money kept to-day8 #caf1 #cag4--;a4 ,/ate briefly ! reasons = ! split 9 ! ,republican p>ty4 ,_h y liv$ 9 #ahdj1 = :om w\ld y h vot$8 vot$8 ,:y8 b4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! e>ly life ( ,h>rison4 c4 ,describe ! campaign ( #ahdj1 & comp>e x ) ! la/ presid5tial campaign4 #cah1 #cai4--;a4 ,:at p>ty came into p[] 9 #ahda8 ,"u ! spoils sy/em :at w\ld naturally foll[8 b4 ,to :at p>ty did ,tyl] belong8 c4 ,:y 0 x difficult = ! gov]nm5t to c>ry on its bus9ess )\t a bank or a treasury8 #cbj4--;a4 ,:at dispute _h long exi/$ ) ,great ,brita98 b4 ,:y did ! ,briti% object to ! b\nd>y l9e laid d[n 9 ! ,treaty ( #aghc8 ,%[ on a map h[ ! matt] 0 f9ally settl$4 #cba1 #cbb4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ! application ( electricity made by ,morse4 ,( :at advantage has ! telegraph be5 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,h[ did ! ,mc,cormick reap] solve ! difficulty 9 :eat gr[+8 ,:at 7 ! results ( ?is inv5tion8 c4 ,comp>e its influ5ce ^u our hi/ory ) t ( ! cotton g94 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,:y is ! p]iod cov]$ by ?is division s important8 b4 ,give ! pr9cipal ev5ts s9ce ! ,revolution :i* made ,we/]n expansion possible4 c4 ,expla91 us+ a *>t1 ! *anges 9 p>ties s9ce #aghi4 d4 ,:at 7 ! good po9ts 9 ,jackson's adm9i/ration8 ,! mi/akes8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,select "s "o inv5tion betwe5 #agij & #ahce1 describe x1 expla9 ! ne$ = x1 & ! results :i* h foll[$ f x4 b4 ,! ,erie ,canal4 c4 ,! c>e] ( ,web/]1 ,clay1 or ,calh\n4 d4 ,life & works ( any "o ( ! lit]>y m5 ( ?is p]iod4 e4 ,! ,a%burton ,treaty1 ) a map4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! p]sonality ( ,&rew ,jackson1 repres5t+ z he does a new elem5t 9 social & political life1 des]ves a c>eful /udy4 ,! f9ancial policy ( 8 adm9i/ration is too difficult = *ildr54 ,) brief comp>isons ) pres5t-day conditions ! /udy ( ?is subject c be conf9$ to :at is giv5 9 ! text4 ,jackson's action at ! "t ( ! nullification episode may well be comp>$ ) ,bu*anan's inaction 9 #ahfj-fa4 ,! con/itutional portions ( ,web/]'s great spee*es are too h>d = *ildr51 b 8 burn+ words ( patriotism may well be le>n$ by ! :ole class4 ,! spoils sy/em may be lightly treat$ "h4 ,x c be/ be /udi$ 9 detail lat] 9 connection ) civil s]vice re=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahei4 ,,xi ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,t]ritories1 #ahdd-ahei ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv2 ,mc,master's ,) ! ,fa!rs1 ,c(f9's ,build+ ! ,nation1 #cad-cbd4 ,home ,read+s4--,wright's ,/ories ( ,am]ican ,progress2 ,bolton's ,fam\s ,am]icans2 ,brooks's ,boy ,settl]s2 ,/[e's ,uncle ,tom's ,cab92 ,lodge's ,web/]4 ,,*apt] #ca ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,antislav]y ,,agitation ,sid5ote3 ,antislav]y s5tim5ts ( ! ,virg9ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,slav]y 9 ! f> ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\rce-book1 #bdd-bdh1 #bea-bfj4 #cbc4 ,gr[? ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,s\?4--,s\? ( ,p5nsylvania & ( ! ,ohio ,riv] slav]y _h increas$ greatly s9ce #aghg 7p4 #acf74 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,h5ry1 & o!r great ,virg9ians 7 oppos$ to ! slave sy/em4 ,b !y c\ld f9d no way to end x1 ev5 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! ,s\? ,c>ol9ians & ,georgians f\ght e proposition to limit slav]y4 ,!y ev5 refus$ to come into ! ,union unless !y 7 giv5 repres5tation 9 ,congress = a portion at lea/ ( _! slaves4 ,& 9 ! fir/ ,congress "u ! ,con/itution !y oppos$ bitt]ly e proposal to limit slav]y4 ,!n came ,:itney's inv5tion ( ! cotton g94 ,t at once made slave labor va/ly m pr(itable 9 ! cotton /ates & put an end to all hopes ( peaceful emancipation 9 ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,proposal to end slav]y ) comp5sation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,lib]ator4 #cbd4 ,rise ( ! ,abolitioni/s4--,ab\t #ahcj a new movem5t 9 favor ( ! negroes began4 ,"s p]sons 9 ! ,nor?1 z1 = example1 ,william ,ell]y ,*ann+1 propos$ t slaves %\ld be set free1 & _! own]s paid = _! loss4 ,!y sugge/$ t ! money receiv$ f ! sale ( ! public l&s might be us$ 9 ?is way4 ,b no?+ came ( ^! sugge/ions4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison began at ,bo/on ! publication ( a pap] call$ ! ,lib]ator4 ,he wi%$ = complete abolition )\t paym5t4 ,= a "t he labor$ almo/ alone4 ,!n sl[ly o!rs came to 8 aid1 & ! ,antislav]y ,society 0 f\nd$4 ,sid5ote3 ,anti-abolitioni/ s5tim5t 9 ! ,nor?4 ,higg9son1 #bfh4 ,sid5ote3 ,disunion s5tim5t ( abolitioni/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,g>rison riot1 #ahce4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bdh-bea4 #cbe4 ,opposition to ! ,abolitioni/s4--,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! abolitioni/s 7 n oppos$4 ,!y 7 mo/ vigor\sly oppos$4 ,v few ,nor!rn m5 wi%$ to h slav]y ree/abli%$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,b v _m ,nor!rn m5 object$ to ! antislav]y agitation because !y ?\ght x w\ld injure bus9ess4 ,"s p]sons ev5 argu$ t ! antislav]y movem5t w\ld br+ ab\t ! de/ruction ( ! ,union4 ,9 ?is idea !re 0 a good deal ( tru?4 ,= ,g>rison grew m & m outspok54 ,he condemn$ ! ,union ) slavehold]s & wi%$ to break d[n ! ,con/itution1 because x p]mitt$ slav]y4 ,!re 7 anti-abolitioni/ riots 9 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,9 ,bo/on ! riot]s seiz$ ,g>rison & dragg$ him ab\t ! /reets 7#ahce74 ,sid5ote3 ,nat ,turn]'s ,rebellion1 #ahca4 ,sid5ote3 ,inc5di>y publications 9 ! mails4 ,mc,master1 #cac-cad4 #cbf4 ,slave ,rebellion 9 ,virg9ia1 #ahca4--;,at ab\t ! "t t ,g>rison e/abli%$ ! ,lib]ator at ,bo/on1 a slave rebellion broke out 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! rebels 7 l$ by a slave nam$ ,nat ,turn]1 & ! rebellion is (t5 call$ ,nat ,turn]'s ,rebellion4 ,x 0 a small affair & 0 easily put d[n4 ,b ! ,s\!rn]s 7 al>m$1 because !y felt t ! ,nor!rn antislav]y agitation w\ld surely lead to m rebellions4 ,!y call$ ^u ! gov]nm5t to =bid ! s5d+ ( ! ,lib]ator & simil> inc5di>y publications ?r\gh ! mails4 ,sid5ote3 ,"r ( petition4 ,sid5ote3 ,j4,q4 ,adams & antislav]y petitions1 #ahcf4 ,h]o ,tales1 #aea-aei4 ,sid5ote3 ,! gag-resolutions4 ,mc,master1 #cad-cae4 #cbg4 ,! ,"r ( ,petition4--,"o ( ! mo/ sacr$ rights ( freem5 is ! "r to petition = r$ress ( grievances4 ,9 ! old colonial days ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t _h refus$ ev5 to li/5 to petitions pres5t$ by ! coloni/s4 ,b ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution =bade ,congress to make any law to prev5t citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f petition+4 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 once ,presid5t1 0 n[ a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,9 #ahcf he pres5t$ petition aft] petition1 pray+ ,congress to =bid slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,s\!rn]s1 l ,calh\n1 ?\ght ^! petitions 7 insult+ to ,s\!rn slavehold]s4 ,congress c\ld n prev5t ! antislav]y p petition+4 ,!y c\ld prev5t ! petitions be+ read :5 pres5t$4 ,?is !y did by pass+ gag-resolutions4 ,adams prote/$ aga9/ ^! resolutions z an infr+em5t on ! rights ( 8 con/itu5ts4 ,b ! resolutions 7 pass$4 ,petitions n[ came p\r+ into ,congress4 ,adams ev5 pres5t$ "o f "s negro slaves4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( antislav]y feel+ 9 ! ,nor?4 #cbh4 ,*ange 9 ,nor!rn ,s5tim5t4--,all ^! happ5+s br\ght ab\t a great *ange ( s5tim5t 9 ! ,nor?4 ,_m p1 :o c>$ little ab\t negro slaves1 c>$ a great deal ab\t ! fre$om ( ! press & ! "r ( petition4 ,_m ( ^! did n sympa?ize ) ! abolitioni/s1 b !y wi%$ t "s limit might be set to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,at ! same "t ! ,s\!rn]s 7 unit+ to resi/ all attempts to int]f]e ) slav]y4 ,!y 7 ev5 det]m9$ to add new slave t]ritory to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] #cb ,,! ,,mexican ,,w> ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mexican ,republic1 #ahba4 ,sid5ote3 ,texas sec$es f ,mexico1 #ahcf1 ,mc,master1 #cbj-cbb2 ,h]o ,tales1 #agc-aha4 #cbi4 ,! ,republic ( ,texas4--,! ,mexicans won _! indep5d5ce f ,spa9 9 #ahba & f\nd$ ! ,mexican ,republic4 ,soon immigrants f ! ,unit$ ,/ates settl$ 9 ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! new republic4 ,?is region 0 call$ ,texas4 ,! ,mexican gov]nm5t gave ^! settl]s l>ge tracts ( l&1 & = a "t ev]y?+ w5t on happily4 ,!n w> broke out betwe5 ! ,mexicans & ! ,texans4 ,l$ by ,samuel ,h\/on1 a settl] f ,t5nessee1 ! ,texans won ! battle ( ,san ,jac9to & captur$ ,g5]al ,santa ,anna1 ! presid5t ( ! ,mexican ,republic4 ,! ,texans !n e/abli%$ ! ,republic ( ,texas 7#ahcf7 & ask$ to be admitt$ to ! ,union z "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,"q ( ! admission ( ,texas to ! ,union4 #ccj4 ,! ,s\!rn]s & ,texas4--,! application ( ,texas = admission to ! ,union came z a pleasant surprise to _m ,s\!rn]s4 ,z a "p ( ! ,mexican ,republic ,texas _h be5 free soil4 ,b ,texas 0 well suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! cotton plant4 ,if x 7 admitt$ to ! ,union1 x w\ld surely be a slave /ate or1 p]haps1 sev]al slave /ates4 ,! "q ( admitt+ ,texas fir/ came be=e ,jackson4 ,he saw t ! admission ( ,texas w\ld be /rongly oppos$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,s he put ! :ole matt] to "o side & w\ld h no?+ to d ) x4 ,tyl] act$ v diff]5tly4 ,"u 8 direction a treaty 0 made ) ,texas4 ,?is treaty provid$ = ! admission ( ,texas to ! ,union4 ,b ! ,s5ate refus$ to ratify ! treaty4 ,! matt]1 !re=e1 became ! mo/ important "q 9 ! presid5tial election ( #ahdd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,k4 ,,polk4 ,sid5ote3 ,c&idates = ! presid5cy1 #ahdd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,lib]ty p>ty4 ,sid5ote3 ,polk elect$4 #cca4 ,election ( #ahdd4--,presid5t ,tyl] w\ld h be5 glad ( a second t]m4 ,b nei!r ( ! great p>ties want$ him z a lead]4 ,! ,democrats w\ld h gladly nom9at$ ,van ,bur5 _h he n oppos$ ! acquisition ( ,texas4 ,in/ead !y nom9at$ ,james ,k4 ,polk ( ,t5nessee1 an outspok5 favor] ( ! admission ( ,texas4 ,! ,:igs nom9at$ ,h5ry ,clay1 :o _h no decid$ views on ! ,texas "q4 ,he said "o ?+ "o day1 ano!r ?+ ano!r day4 ,! result 0 t ! oppon5ts ( slav]y & ( ,texas =m$ a new p>ty4 ,!y call$ x ! ,lib]ty p>ty & nom9at$ a c&idate = ,presid5t4 ,! ,lib]ty m5 did n ga9 _m votes4 ,b !y ga9$ en\gh votes to make ,clay's election impossible & ,polk 0 *os5 ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,texas admitt$ by jo9t resolution1 #ahde4 ,mc,master1 #cbe4 #ccb4 ,acquisition ( ,texas1 #ahde4--,tyl] n[ press$ ! admission ( ,texas ^u ,congress4 ,! two h\ses pass$ a jo9t resolution4 ,?is resolution provid$ = ! admission ( ,texas1 & = ! =mation f ! t]ritory includ$ 9 ,texas ( f\r /ates1 9 addition to ! /ate ( ,texas1 & ) ! cons5t ( t /ate4 ,be=e ,texas 0 actually admitt$ ,tyl] _h ceas$ to be ,presid5t4 ,b ,polk c>ri$ out 8 policy1 & on ,july #d1 #ahde1 ,texas became "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,texas4 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor on ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,sid5ote3 ,w> decl>$1 #ahdf4 ,l[ell 9 ,s\rce-,book1 #bga-bgf4 #ccc4 ,beg9n+ ( ! ,mexican ,w>1 #ahdf4--,! ,mexicans _h nev] ackn[l$g$ ! indep5d5ce ( ,texas4 ,!y n[ prote/$ aga9/ its admission to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,disputes also arose z to ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,texas4 ,z no agreem5t c\ld be rea*$ on ?is po9t1 ,presid5t ,polk ord]$ ,g5]al ,za*>y ,taylor to m>* to ! ,rio ,gr&e & occupy ! disput$ t]ritory4 ,taylor did z he 0 ord]$1 & ! ,mexicans attack$ him4 ,polk report$ ^! facts to ,congress1 & ,congress au?oriz$ ! ,presid5t to pu% on ! fight+ on ! gr\nd t w> exi/s1 & exi/s by ! act ( ,mexico h]self4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ree p>ts ( ! ,mexican ,w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor's campaign4 ,mc,master1 #cbf-cbg4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,bu5a ,vi/a1 #ahdg4 #ccd4 ,taylor's ,campaigns4--,! ,mexican ,w> easily divides itself into ?ree p>ts3 7#a7 ,taylor's =w>d movem5t across ! ,rio ,gr&e2 7#b7 ,scott's campaign1 :i* end$ 9 ! capture ( ! ,city ( ,mexico2 & 7#c7 ! seizure ( ,cali=nia4 ,taylor's object 0 to ma9ta9 ! l9e ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 !n to advance into ,mexico & injure ! ,mexicans z mu* z possible4 ,! battles ( ,palo ,alto & ,resaca de la ,palma 7,may #h1 #i1 #ahdf7 7 f\ght be=e ! actual decl>ation ( w>4 ,^! victories made ,taylor ma/] ( ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,9 ,septemb] he cross$ ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,s f> all _h gone well4 ,b 9 ! w9t] _m ( ,taylor's soldi]s 7 )drawn to take "p 9 ,scott's campaign4 ,?is seem$ to be ! ,mexicans' "t4 ,!y attack$ ,taylor ) f\r times z _m m5 z he _h 9 8 army4 ,?is battle 0 f\ght at ,bu5a ,vi/a1 ,febru>y1 #ahdg4 ,taylor beat back ! ,mexicans ) t]rible slaught]4 ,?is 0 ! la/ battle ( ,taylor's campaign4 ,sid5ote3 ,scott's campaign4 ,eggle/on1 #bhd-bhf2 ,mc,master1 #cbg-cbh4 ,sid5ote3 ,he captures ,city ( ,mexico1 #ahdg4 #cce4 ,scott's ,invasion ( ,mexico4--,! plan ( ,scott's campaign 0 t he %\ld l& at ,v]a ,cruz1 m>* to ! city ( ,mexico1--two hundr$ miles away1--capture t city1 & =ce ! ,mexicans to make peace4 ,ev]y?+ fell out precisely z x 0 plann$4 ,) ! help ( ! navy ,scott captur$ ,v]a ,cruz4 ,he _h only ab\t "o-qu>t] z _m m5 z ! ,mexicans4 ,b he ov]?rew !m at ,c]ro ,gordo1 :]e ! road to ! ,city ( ,mexico crosses ! coa/ m\nta9s 7,april1 #ahdg74 ,) ! greate/ c>e & skill he press$ on & at l5g? came )9 sight ( ! ,city ( ,mexico4 ,! capital ( ! ,mexican ,republic /ood 9 ! mid/ ( m>%es1 & c\ld be rea*$ only ov] n>r[ causeways :i* jo9$ x to ! solid l&4 ,augu/ #bj1 #ahdg1 ,scott beat ! ,mexicans 9 ?ree pit*$ battles1 & on ,septemb] #ad he ent]$ ! city ) 8 army1 n[ numb]+ only six ?\s& m5 fit = active s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,be> ,,flag4 ,sid5ote3 ,cali=nia4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,be> ,republic1 #ahdf4 ,sid5ote3 ,cali=nia seiz$ by ,am]ican soldi]s4 #ccf4 ,seizure ( ,cali=nia4--,cali=nia 0 ! "n giv5 to ! ,mexican possessions on ! ,pacific coa/ nor? ( ,mexico itself4 ,!re 7 n[ _m ,am]ican settl]s !re1 especially at ,mont]ey4 ,he>+ ( ! outbreak ( ! ,mexican ,w>1 !y ,set up a republic ( _! own4 ,_! flag _h a figure ( a grizzly be> pa9t$ on x1 & h5ce _! republic is (t5 spok5 ( z ! ,be> ,republic4 ,commodore ,/ockton ) a small fleet 0 on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,he & ,john ,c4 ,frmont assi/$ ! ,be> ,republicans until soldi]s "u ,colonel ,ke>ney rea*$ !m f ! ,unit$ ,/ates by way ( ,santa ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,c4 ,,fr,,mont4 ,sid5ote3 ,mexican cessions1 #ahdh4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase1 #ahec4 ,mc,master1 #ccd4 #ccg4 ,treaty ( ,peace1 #ahdh4--,! direct cause ( ! ,mexican ,w> 0 ,mexico's unwill+ness to give up ,texas )\t a /ruggle4 ,b ! ,mexicans _h treat$ _m ,am]icans v unju/ly & ow$ !m l>ge sums ( money4 ,a treaty ( peace 0 made 9 #ahdh4 ,mexico agre$ to ab&on h] claims to ,texas1 ,cali=nia1 ,new ,mexico1 ,nevada1 ,utah1 & ,colorado4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates agre$ to )draw its armies f ,mexico1 to pay ,mexico fifte5 million doll>s1 & to pay ! claims ( ,am]ican citiz5s on ,mexico4 ,^! claims prov$ to am\nt to ?ree & "o-half million doll>s1 ,9 ! end1 !re=e1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates paid eighte5 & "o-half million doll>s = ?is enorm\s & exce$+ly valuable addition to its t]ritory4 ,:5 ! "t came to run ! b\nd>y l9e1 ! ,am]ican & ,mexican commission]s c\ld n agree4 ,s ! ,unit$ ,/ates paid t5 million doll>s m & receiv$ an additional /rip ( l& betwe5 ! ,rio ,gr&e & ! ,colorado riv]s4 ,?is gave ! ,unit$ ,/ates its pres5t s\!rn b\nd>y4 ,?is agreem5t 0 made 9 #ahec by ,james ,gadsd5 = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! l& b\ght is usually call$ ! ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase4 ,sid5ote3 ,oregon4 ,sid5ote3 ,jo9t occupation by ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita94 #cch4 ,! ,oregon ,"q4--,x 0 n only 9 ! ,s\?we/ t b\nd>ies 7 disput$2 9 ! ,nor?we/ also !re 0 a long controv]sy :i* 0 settl$ :ile ,polk 0 ,presid5t4 ,oregon 0 ! "n giv5 to ! :ole region1 betwe5 ,spani% & ,mexican ,cali=nia & ! ,russian ,alaska4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita9 ea* claim$ to h ! be/ "r to ,oregon4 ,z !y c\ld n agree z to _! claims1 !y decid$ to occupy ! region jo9tly4 ,z "t w5t on ,am]ican settl]s & mission>ies began to g ov] ! m\nta9s to ,oregon4 ,9 #ahdg sev5 ?\s& ,am]icans 7 liv+ 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,all ,oregon or none4 ,sid5ote3 ,division ( ,oregon1 #ahdf4 #cci4 ,! ,oregon ,treaty1 #ahdf4--,! matt] 0 n[ tak5 up 9 e>ne/4 ,all ,oregon or none1 ,fifty-f\r =ty or fight1 became popul> cries4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates gave notice ( ! end+ ( ! jo9t occupation4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t sugge/$ t ,oregon %\ld be divid$ betwe5 ! two nations4 ,9 #ahah he b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica _h be5 fix$ z ! =ty-n9? p>allel f ! ,lake ( ! ,woods to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,x 0 n[ propos$ to cont9ue ?is l9e to ! ,pacific4 ,! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 insi/$ t ! we/]n end ( ! l9e %\ld foll[ ! *annel betwe5 ,vanc\v]'s ,isl& & ! ma9l& s z to make t isl& entirely ,briti%4 ,! ,mexican ,w> 0 n[ com+ on4 ,x w\ld h>dly d to h two w>s at "o "t4 ,s ! ,unit$ ,/ates gave way & a treaty 0 sign$ 9 #ahdf4 ,in/ead ( all ,oregon1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates receiv$ ab\t "o-half4 ,b x 0 a spl5did region & includ$ n m]ely ! pres5t /ate ( ,oregon1 b all ! t]ritory we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s betwe5 ! =ty-second & ! =ty-n9? p>allels ( latitude4 ,,*apt] #cc ,,! ,,compromise ,,( #ahej ,sid5ote3 ,%\ld ,oregon & ,mexican cessions be free soil8 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,wilmot ,proviso4 ,mc,master1 #cbd4 #cdj4 ,! ,wilmot ,proviso1 #ahdf4--,:at %\ld be done ) ,oregon & ) ! imm5se t]ritory receiv$ f ,mexico8 ,%\ld x be free soil or %\ld x be slave soil8 ,to und]/& ! hi/ory ( ! dispute :i* arose out ( ?is "q we mu/ g back a bit & /udy ! ,wilmot ,proviso4 ,ev5 be=e ! ,mexican ,w> 0 fairly begun1 ?is "q came be=e ,congress4 ,e "o admitt$ t ,texas mu/ be a slave /ate4 ,mo/ p 7 agre$ t ,oregon w\ld be free soil4 ,= x 0 too f> nor? = negroes to ?rive4 ,b :at %\ld be done ) ,cali=nia & ) ,new ,mexico8 ,david ,wilmot ( ,p5nsylvania ?\ght t !y %\ld be free soil4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,9 #ahdf he mov$ to add to a bill giv+ ! ,presid5t money to pur*ase l& f ,mexico a proviso t none ( ! t]ritory to be acquir$ at ! national exp5se %\ld be op5 to slav]y4 ,?is proviso 0 f9ally defeat$4 ,b ! matt] 0 "o on :i* p held v /rong op9ions1 & ! "q became ! mo/ important issue 9 ! election ( #ahdh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,za*>y ,,taylor4 ,sid5ote3 ,c&idates = ! presid5cy1 #ahdh4 ,sid5ote3 ,squatt] sov]eignty4 ,sid5ote3 ,free ,soil p>ty4 ,mc,master1 #ccd-cce4 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor & ,fillmore elect$4 #cda4 ,taylor elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahdh4--,?ree c&idates conte/$ ! election ( #ahdh4 ,fir/ !re 0 ,lewis ,cass ( ,mi*igan1 ! ,democratic c&idate4 ,he 0 9 favor ( squatt] sov]eignty1 t is1 all[+ ! p ( ea* t]ritory to h slav]y or n z !y *ose4 ,! ,:ig c&idate 0 ,g5]al ,taylor1 ! victor ( ,bu5a ,vi/a4 ,! ,:igs put =? no /atem5t ( pr9ciples4 ,! ?ird c&idate 0 ,m>t9 ,van ,bur51 already once ,presid5t4 ,al?\gh a ,democrat1 he did n favor ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,he 0 nom9at$ by ,democrats :o did n believe 9 squatt] sov]eignty1 & by a new p>ty :i* call$ itself ! ,free ,soil p>ty4 ,! abolitioni/s or ,lib]ty p>ty also nom9at$ a c&idate1 b he )drew 9 favor ( ,van ,bur54 ,! ,:igs _h nom9at$ ,mill>d ,fillmore ( ,new ,york = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,he attract$ to ! ,:ig ticket a good _m votes 9 ,new ,york4 ,van ,bur5 also drew a good _m votes f ! ,democrats4 ,9 ?is way ,new ,york 0 c>ri$ = ,taylor & ,fillmore4 ,?is decid$ ! election1 & ! ,:ig c&idates 7 *os54 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,site ,,( ,,san ,,francisco ,,9 #ahdg4 ,f an orig9al draw+4 ,sid5ote3 ,discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia1 #ahdh4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ru% to ,cali=nia1 #ahdi4 ,mc,master1 #ccg-cch2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bgf-bgi4 #cdb4 ,cali=nia4--,be=e ! treaty ( peace ) ,mexico 0 ratifi$1 ev5 be=e x 0 sign$1 gold 0 discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,reports ( ! discov]y soon rea*$ ! t[ns on ! we/]n seacoa/4 ,at once m5 left :atev] !y 7 do+ & ha/5$ to ! hills to dig = gold4 ,mon?s lat] rumors ( ?is discov]y began to rea* ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at fir/ p paid little att5tion to !m4 ,b :5 ,presid5t ,polk said t gold _h be5 f\nd1 p began to ?9k t x mu/ be true4 ,soon hundr$s ( gold-seek]s />t$ = ,cali=nia4 ,!n ?\s&s became eag] to g4 ,^! fir/ com]s 7 call$ ! ,=ty-,n9]s1 because mo/ ( !m came 9 ! ye> #ahdi4 ,by ! end ( t ye> !re 7 eighty ?\s& immigrants 9 ,cali=nia4 ,sid5ote3 ,cali=nia con/itutional conv5tion1 #ahdi4 ,sid5ote3 ,slav]y =bidd54 #cdc4 ,cali=nia seeks ,admission to ! ,union4--,!re 7 eighty ?\s& :ite p 9 ,cali=nia1 & !y _h almo/ no gov]nm5t ( any k9d4 ,s 9 ,novemb]1 #ahdi1 !y held a conv5tion1 drew up a con/itution1 & dem&$ admission ! ,union z a /ate4 ,! peculi> ?+ ab\t ?is con/itution 0 t x =bade slav]y 9 ,cali=nia4 ,_m ( ! ,=ty-,n9]s 7 ,s\!rn]s4 ,b ev5 !y did n want slav]y4 ,! reason 0 t !y wi%$ to dig 9 ! e>? & w9 gold4 ,!y w\ld n all[ slave hold]s to "w _! m9+ claims ) slave labor1 = free :ite labor]s _h nev] be5 able to "w alongside ( negro slaves4 ,s !y did n want slav]y 9 ,cali=nia4 ,sid5ote3 ,divisions on ! "q ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,mc,master1 #cce-ccf4 #cdd4 ,a ,divid$ ,c\ntry4--,?is action ( ! p ( ,cali=nia at once br\ght ! "q ( slav]y be=e ! p4 ,_m ,s\!rn]s 7 eag] to f\nd a slave conf$]acy ap>t f ! ,union4 ,_m abolitioni/s 7 eag] to f\nd a free republic 9 ! ,nor?4 ,_m ,nor!rn]s1 :o lov$ ! ,union1 ?\ght t slav]y %\ld be conf9$ to ! /ates :]e x exi/$4 ,!y ?\ght t slav]y %\ld n be p]mitt$ 9 ! t]ritories1 :i* belong$ to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a :ole4 ,!y argu$ t if ! t]ritories c\ld be kept free1 ! p ( ^? t]ritories1 :5 !y came to =m /ate con/itutions1 w\ld =bid slav]y z ! p ( ,cali=nia _h j done4 ,!y 7 probably "r1 & = ?is v reason ! ,s\!rn]s wi%$ to h slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,s /rong 0 ! feel+ ov] ^! po9ts t x seem$ z if ! ,union w\ld split into pieces4 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor's policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,cali=nia dem&s admission4 #cde4 ,presid5t ,taylor's ,policy4--,g5]al ,taylor 0 n[ ,presid5t4 ,he 0 al>m$ by ! gr[+ excitem5t4 ,he det]m9$ to settle ! matt] at once be=e p c\ld get any m excit$4 ,s he s5t ag5ts to ,cali=nia & to ,new ,mexico to urge ! p to dem& admission to ! ,union at once4 ,:5 ,congress met 9 #ahej1 he /at$ t ,cali=nia dem&$ admission z a free /ate4 ,! ,s\!rn]s 7 angry4 ,= !y _h ?\ght t ,cali=nia w\ld surely be a slave /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,clay's compromise s*eme1 #ahej4 ,mc,master1 #cci-cda2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bgi-bha4 #cdf4 ,clay's ,compromise ,plan4--,h5ry ,clay n[ /epp$ =w>d to br+ ab\t a union ( he>ts4 ,8 plan 0 to end all disputes betwe5 ,nor!rn]s & ,s\!rn]s by hav+ ! p ( ea* section give way to ! p ( ! o!r section4 ,= example1 ! ,s\!rn]s 7 to p]mit ! admission ( ,cali=nia z a free /ate1 & to cons5t to ! abolition ( ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 return1 ! ,nor!rn]s 7 to give way to ! ,s\!rn]s on all o!r po9ts4 ,!y 7 to all[ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,!y 7 to cons5t to ! organization ( ,new ,mexico & ,utah z t]ritories )\t any provision = or aga9/ slav]y4 ,texas claim$ t a "p ( ! propos$ ,t]ritory ( ,new ,mexico belong$ to h]4 ,s ,clay sugge/$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld pay ,texas = ?is l&4 ,f9ally ,clay propos$ t ,congress %\ld pass a sev]e ,fugitive ,slave ,act4 ,x is easily se5 t ,clay's plan z a :ole 0 di/9ctly favorable to ! ,s\?4 ,few p]sons favor$ ! passage ( ! :ole s*eme4 ,b :5 votes 7 tak5 on ea* "p sep>ately1 !y all pass$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! excitem5t ov] ?is compromise ,presid5t ,taylor di$1 & ,mill>d ,fillmore1 ! ,vice-,presid5t1 became ,presid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mill>d ,,fillmore4 ,sid5ote3 ,art4 ,,iv1 sec4 #b4 ,sid5ote3 ,fugitive ,slave ,act ( #agic4 ,sid5ote3 ,fugitive ,slave ,act ( #ahej4 ,mc,master1 #cda-cdc4 ,sid5ote3 ,results ( passage ( ?is act4 ,higg9son1 #bha2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bhb-bhd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,und]gr\nd ,railway4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bfj-bfc4 #cdg4 ,! ,fugitive ,slave ,act4--,! ,con/itution provides t p]sons held to s]vice 9 "o /ate escap+ into ano!r /ate %all be deliv]$ up ^u claim ( ! p]son to :om su* s]vice may be due4 ,congress1 9 #agic1 _h pass$ an act to c>ry out ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution4 ,b ?is law _h seldom be5 en=c$1 because its en=cem5t _h be5 left to ! /ates1 & public op9ion 9 ! ,nor? 0 oppos$ to ! return ( fugitive slaves4 ,! law ( #ahej gave ! en=cem5t ( ! act to ,unit$ ,/ates (ficials4 ,! ag5ts ( slave own]s claim$ _m p]sons z fugitives4 ,b few 7 return$ to ! ,s\?4 ,! important result ( ^! attempts to en=ce ! law 0 to /r5g!n ,nor!rn public op9ion aga9/ slav]y4 ,x l$ to r$\bl$ ef=ts to help runaway slaves ?r\gh ! ,nor!rn /ates to ,canada4 ,a regul> sy/em 0 e/abli%$4 ,?is 0 call$ ! ,und]gr\nd ,railway4 ,9 %ort1 in/ead ( br++ ab\t a union ( he>ts1 ! ,compromise ( #ahej increas$ ! ill feel+ betwe5 ! p ( ! two sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94 ,sid5ote3 ,effects ( ?is book4 #cdh4 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94--,x 0 at ?is "t t ,mrs4 ,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e wrote ,uncle ,tom's ,cab94 ,9 ?is /ory %e set =? ! pleasant side ( slav]y--! light-he>t$ness & k9d-he>t$ness ( ! negroes4 ,9 x %e also set =? ! unpleasant side ( slav]y--! :ipp+ ( human be+s1 ! sell+ ( human be+s1 ! hunt+ ( human be+s4 ,( c\rse1 !re nev] 0 su* a slave z ,uncle ,tom4 ,! /ory is simply a wond]ful picture ( slav]y z x appe>$ to a brilliant woman ( ! ,nor?4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( copies ( ?is book 7 sold 9 ! ,s\? z well z 9 ! ,nor?4 ,plays f\nd$ on ! book 7 act$ on ! /age4 ,s\!rn p :5 read+ ,uncle ,tom ?\ght little ( ! unpleasant ?+s 9 x3 !y lik$ ! pleasant ?+s 9 x4 ,nor!rn p laugh$ at ! pretty pictures ( plantation life3 !y 7 mov$ to te>s by ! tales ( cruelty4 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 & ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law conv9c$ ! p ( ! ,nor? t b\nds mu/ be set to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,,*apt] #cd ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,kansas ,sid5ote3 ,campaign ( #aheb4 ,sid5ote3 ,pi]ce elect$ ,presid5t4 #cdi4 ,pi]ce elect$ ,presid5t1 #aheb4--;,x 0 n[ ,campaign "t = a new election4 ,! ,:igs _h be5 successful ) two old soldi]s1 s !y ?\ght !y w\ld try aga9 ) ano!r soldi] & nom9at$ ,g5]al ,w9field ,scott1 ! conqu]or ( ,mexico4 ,! ,democrats also nom9at$ a soldi]1 ,frankl9 ,pi]ce ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 :o _h be5 9 nor!rn ,mexico ) ,taylor4 ,! ,democrats & ,:igs bo? said t !y w\ld /& by ! ,compromise ( #ahej4 ,b _m vot]s ?\ght t !re w\ld be less dang] ( excitem5t ) a ,democrat 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se & vot$ = ,pi]ce = t reason4 ,!y soon f\nd t !y 7 t]ribly mi/ak5 9 _! belief4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nebraska bill1 #ahed4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bhd-bhg4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\glas ass]ts ,compromise ( #ahbj to be repeal$4 #cej4 ,d\glas's ,nebraska ,bill4--,presid5t ,pi]ce began 8 t]m ( (fice quietly en\gh4 ,b 9 #ahed ,s5ator ,d\glas ( ,ill9ois br\ght 9 a bill to organize ! ,t]ritory ( ,nebraska4 ,x w be rememb]$ t 9 #ahbj ,miss\ri _h be5 admitt$ to ! ,union z a slave /ate4 ,9 #ahdh ,i[a _h be5 admitt$ z a free /ate4 ,nor? ( ,i[a 0 ! free ,t]ritory ( ,m9nesota4 ,we/w>d f ,miss\ri1 ,i[a1 & ,m9nesota 0 an imm5se region )\t any gov]nm5t ( any k9d4 ,x all lay nor? ( ! compromise l9e ( #ahbj 7p4 #bbb71 & _h be5 =ev] devot$ to fre$om by t compromise4 ,b ,d\glas said t ! ,compromise ( #ahbj _h be5 repeal$ by ! ,compromise ( #ahej4 ,s he propos$ t ! settl]s ( ,nebraska %\ld say :e!r t t]ritory %\ld be free soil or slave soil1 precisely z if ! ,compromise ( #ahbj _h nev] be5 pass$4 ,in/antly !re 0 a trem5d\s upro>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frankl9 ,,pi]ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act1 #ahed4 ,sid5ote3 ,antislav]y s5ators attack ! bill4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,indep5d5t ,democrats4 #cea4 ,! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act1 #ahed4--;,d\glas n[ *ang$ 8 bill s z to provide = ! =mation ( two t]ritories4 ,"o ( ^! he nam$ ,kansas4 ,x _h ne>ly ! same b\nd>ies z ! pres5t /ate ( ,kansas1 except t x ext5d$ we/w>d to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! o!r t]ritory 0 nam$ ,nebraska4 ,x includ$ all ! l& nor? ( ,kansas & betwe5 ! ,miss\ri ,riv] & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! antislav]y lead]s 9 ! ,nor? attack$ ! bill ) great fury4 ,*ase ( ,ohio said t x 0 a violation ( fai?4 ,sumn] ( ,massa*usetts rejoic$ 9 ! fight1 = he said m5 mu/ n[ take sides = fre$om or = slav]y4 ,"s1 indep5d5t ,democrats publi%$ ,an ,appeal4 ,!y ask$ _! fell[-citiz5s to take _! maps & see :at an imm5se region ,d\glas _h propos$ to op5 to slav]y4 ,!y d5i$ t ! ,miss\ri ,compromise _h be5 repeal$4 ,nev]!less1 ! bill pass$ ,congress & 0 sign$ by ,presid5t ,pi]ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,t]ritory op5$ to slav]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,h]o ,tales1 #cbe-cce4 ,sid5ote3 ,ar\s$ by ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act4 #ceb4 ,abraham ,l9coln4--,born 9 ,k5tucky1 ,abraham ,l9coln w5t ) 8 p>5ts to ,indiana & !n to ,ill9ois4 ,z a boy he 0 v poor & _h to "w h>d4 ,b he lo/ no opportunity to read & to /udy4 ,at ! pl[ or 9 ! long ev5+s at home by ! firelight he 0 ev] ?9k+ & /udy+4 ,gr[+ to manhood he became a lawy] & s]v$ "o t]m 9 ,congress4 ,! passage ( ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act ar\s$ 8 indignation z no?+ _h ev] ar\s$ x be=e4 ,he d5i$ t any man _h ! "r to gov]n ano!r man1 be he :ite or be he black1 )\t t man's cons5t4 ,he ?\ght t blood w\ld surely be %$ be=e ! slav]y "q w\ld be settl$ 9 ,kansas1 & ! fir/ %$d+ ( blood w\ld be ! beg9n+ ( ! end ( ! ,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,sew>d's *all5ge to ! ,s\!rn]s4 ,mc,master1 #cdg-cea4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sons ( ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,fraudul5t election4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bhg-bhi4 #cec4 ,settlem5t ( ,kansas4--,9 ! debate on ! ,kansas-,nebraska bill ,s5ator ,sew>d ( ,new ,york said to ! ,s\!rn]s3 ,come on1 !n4444 ,we w engage 9 competition = ! soil ( ,kansas1 & ,god give ! victory to ! side t is /rong 9 numb]s z x is 9 "r4 ,sew>d spoke truly4 ,! victory came to ^? oppos$ to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,b x 0 a long "t 9 com+4 ,z soon z ! act 0 pass$1 arm$ ,sons ( ! ,s\? cross$ ! fronti] ( ,miss\ri & f\nd$ ! t[n ( ,at*ison4 ,!n came l>ge b&s ( arm$ settl]s f ! ,nor? & ! ,ea/4 ,!y f\nd$ ! t[ns ( ,lawr5ce & ,topeka4 ,an election 0 held4 ,hundr$s ( m5 p\r$ ov] ! b\nd>y ( ,miss\ri1 outvot$ ! free-soil settl]s 9 ,kansas1 & !n w5t home4 ,! t]ritorial legislature1 *os5 9 ?is way1 adopt$ ! laws ( ,miss\ri1 slave code & all1 z ! laws ( ,kansas4 ,x seem$ z if ,kansas 7 lo/ to fre$om4 ,sid5ote3 ,free-/ate con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,s5ate refuses to admit ,kansas4 #ced4 ,! ,topeka ,conv5tion4--,! free-/ate vot]s n[ held a conv5tion at ,topeka4 ,!y drew up a con/itution & appli$ to ,congress = admission to ! ,union z ! free /ate ( ,kansas4 ,! free-/ate m5 & ! slave-/ate m5 ea* elect$ a ,delegate to ,congress4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives n[ took ! matt] up & appo9t$ a committee ( inve/igation4 ,! committee report$ 9 favor ( ! free-/ate m51 & ! ,h\se vot$ to admit ,kansas z a free /ate4 ,b ! ,s5ate w\ld n cons5t to any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! conte/ 9 ,kansas w5t on & became m bitt] e mon?4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ! ,republican p>ty4 ,mc,master1 #ceb-cee4 ,sid5ote3 ,anti-,nebraska m54 #cee4 ,! ,republican ,p>ty4--,! mo/ important result ( ! ,kansas-,nebraska fight 0 ! =mation ( ! ,republican p>ty4 ,x 0 made up ( m5 f all ! o!r p>ties :o agre$ 9 oppos+ ,d\glas's ,kansas-,nebraska policy4 ,sl[ly !y began to ?9k ( !mselves z a p>ty & to adopt ! "n ( ! old p>ty ( ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,monroe--,republican4 ,sid5ote3 ,presid5tial c&idates1 #ahef4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu*anan4 ,sid5ote3 ,frmont4 #cef4 ,bu*anan elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahef4--,! ,:igs & ! ,"k-,no?+s nom9at$ ,mill>d ,fillmore = ,presid5t & said no?+ ab\t slav]y4 ,! ,democrats nom9at$ ,james ,bu*anan ( ,p5nsylvania = ,presid5t & ,john ,c4 ,breck9ridge ( ,k5tucky = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,!y decl>$ _! approval ( ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act & favor$ a /rict con/ruction ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! ,republicans nom9at$ ,john ,c4 ,frmont4 ,!y prote/$ aga9/ ! ext5sion ( slav]y & decl>$ = a policy ( int]nal improvem5ts at ! exp5se ( ! nation4 ,! ,democrats won2 b ! ,republicans c>ri$ all ! ,nor!rn /ates save f\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,dr$ ,scott decision1 #aheg4 ,mc,master1 #cee-ceg2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bij-bia ,sid5ote3 ,op9ions ( ! judges4 #ceg4 ,! ,dr$ ,scott ,decision1 #aheg4--,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ gave a decision 9 ! ,dr$ ,scott case t put an end to all hope ( compromise on ! slav]y "q4 ,dr$ ,scott _h be5 born a slave4 ,! majority ( ! judges decl>$ t a p]son once a slave c\ld nev] become a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & br+ suit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts4 ,!y also decl>$ t ! ,miss\ri ,compromise 0 unlawful4 ,slave own]s _h a cle> "r to c>ry _! prop]ty1 includ+ slaves1 into ! t]ritories1 & ,congress c\ld n /op !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln's policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 debates ) ,d\glas4 ,mc,master1 #chh-chi2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bij-bid4 #ceh4 ,! ,l9coln & ,d\glas ,debates1 #aheh4--,! "q ( ! relection ( ,d\glas to ! ,s5ate n[ came be=e ! p ( ,ill9ois4 ,abraham ,l9coln /epp$ =w>d to conte/ ! election ) him4 ,a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself _c /&1 said ,l9coln4 ,?is gov]nm5t _c endure half slave & half free4444 ,x w become all "o ?+ or all ! o!r4 ,he *all5g$ ,d\glas to debate ! issues ) him be=e ! p1 & ,d\glas accept$ ! *all5ge4 ,sev5 jo9t debates 7 held 9 ! pres5ce ( imm5se cr[ds4 ,l9coln =c$ ,d\glas to def5d ! doctr9e ( popul> sov]eignty4 ,?is ,d\glas did by decl>+ t ! legislatures ( ! t]ritories c\ld make laws ho/ile to slav]y4 ,?is idea1 ( c\rse1 0 oppos$ to ! ,dr$ ,scott decision4 ,d\glas won ! election & 0 return$ to ! ,s5ate4 ,b ,l9coln _h made a national reputation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>p]',s ,,f]ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil w> 9 ,kansas4 ,mc,master1 #ceg4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,br[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! slave con/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\glas opposes ,bu*anan4 #cei4 ,ble$+ ,kansas4--,meantime civil w> _h brok5 out 9 ,kansas1 ,slav]y m5 attack$ ,lawr5ce1 kill$ a few free-/ate settl]s1 & burn$ sev]al build+s4 ,l$ by ,john ,br[n1 an immigrant f ,new ,york1 free-/ate m5 attack$ a p>ty ( slave-/ate m5 & kill$ five ( !m4 ,by #aheg ! free-/ate vot]s _h become s num]\s t x 0 no long] possible to outvote !m by br++ m5 f ,miss\ri1 & !y *ose a free-/ate legislature4 ,b ! fraudul5t slave-/ate legislature _h already provid$ = hold+ a con/itutional conv5tion at ,lecompton4 ,?is conv5tion 0 controll$ by ! slave-/ate m5 & adopt$ a con/itution provid+ = slav]y4 ,presid5t ,bu*anan s5t ?is con/itution to ,congress & ask$ to h ,kansas admitt$ z a slave /ate4 ,b ,d\glas c\ld n be> to see ! wi%es ( ! settl]s ( ,kansas outrag$4 ,he oppos$ ! proposition vigor\sly & x 0 defeat$4 ,x 0 n until #ahfa t ,kansas 0 admitt$ to ! ,union z a free /ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,br[n's ,raid1 #ahei4 ,higg9son1 #bhf-bhi2 ,s\rce-,book1 #bid-bif4 ,sid5ote3 ,he seizes ,h>p]'s ,f]ry4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 execution1 #ahei4 #cfj4 ,john ,br[n's ,raid1 #ahei4--,:ile 9 ,kansas ,john ,br[n _h conceiv$ a bold plan4 ,x 0 to seize a /rong place 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! ,s\?1 & !re protect any slaves :o %\ld run away f _! ma/]s4 ,9 ?is way he expect$ to break slav]y 9 pieces )9 two ye>s4 ,) only n9ete5 m5 he seiz$ ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 9 ,virg9ia1 & secur$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ars5al at t place4 ,b he & mo/ ( 8 m5 7 imm$iately captur$4 ,he 0 execut$ by ! ,virg9ian au?orities z a traitor & murd]]4 ,! ,republican lead]s d5\nc$ 8 act z ! grave/ ( crimes4 ,b ! ,s\!rn lead]s 7 conv9c$ t n[ ! "t _h come to sec$e f ! ,union & to e/abli% a ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #ca #cbc4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! p ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a s oppos$ to any limitation ( slav]y8 ,h[ did !y %[ _! opposition8 b4 ,_h slav]y disappe>$ 9 ! ,nor? because p ?\ght t x 0 wrong8 #cbd1 #cbe4--;a4 ,:at sugge/ions 7 made by "s 9 ! ,nor? = ! end+ ( slav]y8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ^! sugge/ions8 b4 ,= :at did ,g>rison cont5d1 & h[ did he make 8 views kn[n8 ,:y 7 ^! views oppos$ 9 ! ,nor?8 #cbf4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! ,s\!rn]s s al>m$ by ,nat ,turn]'s ,rebellion8 b4 ,:at p[] _h ,congress ov] ! mails8 ,h[ w\ld y h vot$ on ?is "q8 #cbg1 #cbh4--;a4 ,:y is ! "r ( petition s important8 ,h[ is ?is "r secur$ to citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 b4 ,:y %\ld ^! petitions be consid]$ z insult+ to slavehold]s8 c4 ,:y 7 ! ,s\!rn]s s afraid ( any discussion ( slav]y8 ,,*apt] #cb #cbi1 #ccj4--;a4 ,%[ by ! map ! ext5t ( ! ,mexican ,republic4 b4 ,:y did ,texas wi% to jo9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,:at attitude _h ,mexico tak5 on slav]y8 #cca1 #ccb4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully h[ ! ,texas "q influ5c$ ! election ( #ahdd4 b4 ,:at 0 ! ,lib]ty p>ty8 ,h[ did its =mation make ! election ( ,polk possible8 c4 ,:at is a jo9t resolution8 #ccc4--;,h[ did ! ,mexicans reg>d ! admission ( ,texas8 ,:at dispute ) ,mexico arose8 ,did ,mexico beg9 ! w>8 #ccd1 #cce4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! plan ( ,taylor's campaign8 ,( ,scott's campaign8 b4 ,m5tion ! lead+ battles ( ,taylor's campaign4 ,( ,scott's campaign4 #ccf1 #ccg4--;a4 ,:at action did ! ,am]ican settl]s 9 ,cali=nia take8 ,) :at result8 b4 ,expla9 by a map ! ,mexican cessions ( #ahdh & #ahec4 #cch1 #cci4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! ext5t ( ,oregon 9 #ahde8 b4 ,h[ 0 ! dispute f9ally settl$8 ,expla9 by a map4 c4 ,:at 0 ! ext5t ( ,oregon 9 #ahdg8 ,is x ! same to-day8 d4 ,( :at value 0 ?is region to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,,*apt] #cc #cdj1 #cda4--;a4 ,:y 0 !re little "q :e!r ,oregon w\ld be slave or free8 b4 ,expla9 c>efully ,wilmot's sugge/ion4 ,:at w\ld be ! argum5ts 9 ,congress = & aga9/ ?is proviso8 c4 ,:at is meant by squatt] sov]eignty8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! wisdom & ju/ice ( su* a plan8 #cdb1 #cdc4--;a4 ,describe ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia & ! ru% ?i!r4 ,:at diff]5ce did "o ye> make 9 ! population ( ,cali=nia8 b4 ,:at attitude did ,cali=nia take on ! slav]y "q8 ,:y8 #cdd1 #cde4--;a4 ,h[ _h ! "q ( slav]y already divid$ ! c\ntry8 b4 ,:at extreme p>ties 7 !re 9 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?8 c4 ,:y 0 ! "q ab\t ! t]ritories s important8 d4 ,:at action did ,presid5t ,taylor take8 ,:y8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! wisdom ( ?is policy8 #cdf1 #cdg4--;a4 ,/ate ! provisions ( ,clay's compromise plan4 ,:i* ( ^! favor$ ! ,nor?8 ,! ,s\?8 b4 ,:at law _h be5 made z to fugitive slaves8 ,:y _h x n be5 en=c$8 ,:y 0 ! *ange made 9 #ahej s important8 c4 ,h[ w\ld y h act$ _h y be5 a ,unit$ ,/ates (fic] call$ to c>ry out ! ,fugitive ,slave ,law8 #cdh4--;a4 ,:o 0 ,mrs4 ,/[e8 ,:at view did %e take ( slav]y8 b4 ,7 !re any good po9ts 9 ! slave sy/em8 c4 ,:y is ?is book s important8 ,,*apt] #cd #cdi-cea4--;a4 ,:o 7 ! c&idates 9 #aheb8 ,:o 0 *os58 ,:y8 b4 ,:at doctr9e did ,d\glas apply to ,kansas & ,nebraska8 c4 ,:y did ,*ase call ?is bill a violation ( fai?8 d4 ,0 ,d\glas a patriot8 ,*ase8 ,sumn]8 ,pi]ce8 #ceb4--;a4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! e>ly life & tra9+ ( ,abraham ,l9coln4 b4 ,:at did he ?9k ( ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act8 #cec1 #ced4--;a4 ,:at effect did ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act h on ! settlem5t ( ,kansas8 b4 ,describe ! election4 ,d y ?9k t laws made by a legislature s elect$ 7 b9d+8 d4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce 9 ! attitude ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se on ! ,kansas "q4 #cee1 #cef4--;a4 ,h[ 0 ! ,republican p>ty =m$8 b4 ,7 its pr9ciples l or unlike ^? ( ! ,republican p>ty ( ,jeff]son's "t8 ,give y\r reasons4 #ceg4--;a4 ,:at rights did ! ,supreme ,c\rt decl>e a slave c\ld n possess8 ,0 a slave a p]son or a ?+8 b4 ,:at p[] does ! ,con/itution give ,congress ov] a t]ritory8 7,art4 ,,iv1 ,sec4 #c47 #ceh4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ! quotations f ,l9coln's spee*es4 b4 ,0 ! doctr9e ( popul> sov]eignty necess>ily favorable to slav]y8 ,give illu/rations to support y\r reasons4 c4 ,0 ,d\glas's decl>ation 9 h>mony ) ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt8 #cei1 #cfj4--;a4 ,comp>e ! attitude ( ,d\glas & ,bu*anan ^u ! admission ( ,kansas4 b4 ,describe ,john ,br[n's raid4 ,0 he a traitor8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,give1 ) dates1 ! important laws z to slav]y s9ce #aghc4 b4 ,:at 7 ! argum5ts 9 favor ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y8 ,aga9/ x8 c4 ,f9d & le>n a poem aga9/ slav]y by ,:itti]1 ,l[ell1 or ,longfell[4 d4 ,make a table ( elections s9ce #aghh1 ) ! lead+ p>ties1 c&idates1 & pr9cipal issues4 ,und]l9e ! "n ( ! c&idate elect$4 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,john ,br[n 9 ,kansas or at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry4 b4 ,! c>e]1 to ?is "t1 ( any man m5tion$ 9 ,*apt]s #cc & #cd4 c4 ,any "o fugitive slave case3 ,j]ry ,mc,henry 9 ,syracuse 7,a4,j4 ,may's ,antislav]y ,conflicts71 ,%adra*1 ,an?ony ,burns4 ,,sugge/ions ,prep>ation is especially important 9 tea*+ ?is p]iod4 ,! tea*] w f9d ref]5ces to l>g] books 9 ,*ann+'s ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory4 ,%[ h[ ! "q ( slav]y 0 really at ! basis ( ! ,mexican ,w>4 ,geographical conditions & ! settlem5t ( ! ,we/]n c\ntry %\ld be c>efully not$4 ,a limit$ use ( ! writ+s & spee*es ( prom95t m5 & writ]s is especially valuable at ?is po9t4 ,h a l>ge map ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! class room1 cut out & fa/5 ^u ?is map pieces ( :ite & black pap] to illu/rate ! effects ( legislation "u discussion1 & also to illu/rate ! v>i\s elections4 ,! horrors ( slav]y %\ld be b lightly t\*$4 ,emphasize especially ! fact t slav]y prev5t$ r ?an aid$ ! developm5t ( ! ,s\?1 & 0 an evil economically z well z socially4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahfj4 ,,xii ,,secession1 #ahfj-ahfa ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv1 #dcb-dde2 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 *ap4 xxvi 7indu/rial progress1 #ahdj-fj74 ,home ,read+s4--,page's ,! ,old ,s\?4 ,,*apt] #ce ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #ahfj ,sid5ote3 ,area ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahfj4 ,sid5ote3 ,population1 #ahfj4 #cfa4 ,gr[? ( ! ,c\ntry4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 n[ ?ree times z l>ge z x 0 at ,jeff]son's election4 ,x conta9$ ov] ?ree million squ>e miles ( l&4 ,ab\t "o-?ird ( ?is great area 0 settl$4 ,9 ! sixty ye>s ( ! c5tury ! population _h increas$ ev5 fa/] ?an ! area _h increas$4 ,9 #ahjj !re 7 five & a half million p liv+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 #ahfj !re 7 ov] ?irty-"o million p )9 its bord]s4 ,( ^! ne>ly five millions 7 :ite immigrants4 ,m ?an half ( ^! immigrants _h come 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 & !y _h practically all ( !m settl$ 9 ! free /ates ( ! ,nor?4 ,( ! :ole population ( ?irty-"o millions only twelve millions liv$ 9 ! slave /ates1 & ( ^! m ?an f\r millions 7 negro slaves4 ,sid5ote3 ,new /ates4 ,mc,master1 #cfe-cfh4 #cfb4 ,*ange ( ,political ,p[]4--,! control ( ,congress _h n[ pass$ into ! h&s ( ! free /ates ( ! ,nor?4 ,! majority ( ! ,repres5tatives _h long be5 f ! free /ates4 ,n[ m ,s5ators came f ! ,nor? ?an f ! ,s\?4 ,?is 0 due to ! admission ( new /ates4 ,texas 7#ahde7 0 ! la/ slave /ate to be admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,two ye>s lat] ! admission ( ,wiscons9 gave ! free /ates z _m votes 9 ! ,s5ate z ! slave /ates _h4 ,9 #ahej ! admission ( ,cali=nia gave ! free /ates a majority ( two votes 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,?is majority 0 increas$ to f\r by ! admission ( ,m9nesota 9 #aheh1 & to six by ! admission ( ,oregon 9 #ahei4 ,! control ( ,congress _h slipp$ =ev] f ! grasp ( ! slave /ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cities4 ,sid5ote3 ,new ,york4 ,sid5ote3 ,*icago4 #cfc4 ,! ,cities4--,! trem5d\s increase 9 manufactur+1 9 f>m+1 & 9 trad+ br\ght ab\t a great increase 9 =eign comm]ce4 ,?is 9 turn l$ to ! build+ up ( great cities 9 ! ,nor? & ! ,we/4 ,^! 7 ,new ,york & ,*icago2 & !y grew rapidly because !y =m$ ! two ends ( ! l9e ( communication betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ by ! ,mohawk ,valley 7p4 #bci74 ,new ,york n[ conta9$ ov] eight hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4 ,x _h m p )9 its limits ?an liv$ 9 ! :ole /ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! mo/ rapid gr[? 0 se5 9 ! case ( ,*icago4 ,9 #ahdj !re 7 only five ?\s& p 9 t city2 x n[ conta9$ "o hundr$ & n9e ?\s& inhabitants4 ,c9c9nati & ,/4 ,l\is1 ea* ) "o hundr$ & sixty ?\s&1 7 /ill ! l>ge/ cities ( ! ,we/1 & ,/4 ,l\is 0 ! l>ge/ city 9 any slave /ate4 ,new ,orleans1 ) ne>ly z _m p z ,/4 ,l\is1 0 ! only l>ge city 9 ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! ,nor?we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,d5sity ( population1 #ahfj4 #cfd4 ,! ,/ates4--,z x 0 ) ! cities s x 0 ) ! /ates--! ,nor? _h gr[n beyond ! ,s\?4 ,9 #agij ,virg9ia _h z _m inhabitants z ! /ates ( ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania put toge!r4 ,9 #ahfj ,virg9ia _h only ab\t "o-qu>t] z _m inhabitants z ^! two /ates4 ,inde$1 9 #ahfj ,new ,york _h ne>ly f\r million inhabitants1 or ne>ly z _m inhabitants z ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #agia 7p4 #aef74 ,b ! gr[? ( ! /ates ( ! ,nor?we/ _h be5 ev5 m rem>kable4 ,ohio n[ _h a million m p ?an ,virg9ia & /ood ?ird 9 population among ! /ates ( ! ,union4 ,ill9ois 0 ! f\r? /ate & ,indiana ! six?4 ,ev5 m int]e/+ are ! facts br\ght out by a /udy ( ! map %[+ ! d5sity ( population or ! numb] ( p to ! squ>e mile 9 ! sev]al /ates4 ,x appe>s t 9 #ahfj ,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,delaw>e1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,york1 ,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 & ,massa*usetts ea* _h ov] =ty-five inhabitants to ! squ>e mile1 :ile n a s+le ,s\!rn /ate _h z _m z =ty-five inhabitants to ! squ>e mile4 ,?is %[s u at once t al?\gh ! ,s\!rn /ates 7 l>g] 9 ext5t ?an ! ,nor!rn /ates1 !y 7 mu* less p[]ful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d5sity ,,( ,,population ,,9 #ahfj4 ,sid5ote3 ,improvem5ts 9 liv+4 #cfe4 ,city ,life4--,9 ! old days ! l>ge t[ns 7 j l ! small t[ns except t !y 7 l>g]4 ,life 9 !m 0 j ab\t ! same z 9 ! small] places4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a great diff]5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! city c\ld af=d to h a great _m ?+s ! small] t[n c\ld n pay =4 ,9 ! second place x mu/ h c]ta9 ?+s or its p w\ld die ( disease or be kill$ z !y walk$ ! /reets4 ,= ^! reasons ! /reets ( ! ,nor!rn cities 7 pav$ & light$ & 7 gu>d$ by policem54 ,!n1 too1 great sew]s c>ri$ away ! refuse ( ! city1 & enorm\s iron pipes br\ght fre% wat] to e "o )9 its limits4 ,horse-c>s & omnibuses c>ri$ its inhabitants f "o "p ( ! city to ano!r1 & ! railroads br\ght !m food f ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,omnibus ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( ! railroad sy/ems4 #cff4 ,transportation4--,betwe5 #ahdi & #aheh tw5ty-"o ?\s& miles ( railroad 7 built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,9 #ahfj !re 7 m ?an ?irty ?\s& miles ( railroad 9 actual op]ation4 ,9 #ahej "o c\ld n g f ,new ,york to ,albany )\t leav+ ! railroad & go+ on bo>d a /eamboat4 ,9 #ahfj "o cont9u\s l9e ( rails ran f ,new ,york ,city to ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,travel+ 0 /ill uncom=table accord+ to our ideas4 ,! c>s 7 rudely made & jolt$ horribly4 ,"o tra9 ran only a comp>atively %ort di/ance4 ,!n ! travel] _h to alight1 get some?+ to eat1 & see 8 baggage plac$ on ano!r tra94 ,/ill1 ) all its discom=ts1 travel+ 9 ! wor/ ( c>s 0 bett] ?an travel+ 9 ! old /agecoa*es4 ,_m m /eamboats 7 us$1 especially on ! ,great ,lakes & ! ,we/]n riv]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horace ,,greeley ,sid5ote3 ,s*ools4 ,sid5ote3 ,newspap]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,horace ,greeley4 #cfg4 ,education4--,! la/ ?irty ye>s _h also be5 ye>s ( progress 9 le>n+4 ,_m colleges 7 f\nd$1 especially 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,!re 0 /ill no in/itution :i* des]v$ ! "n ( univ]sity4 ,b m att5tion 0 be+ paid to ! sci5ces & to ! education ( m5 = ! pr(essions ( law & m$ic9e4 ,! newspap]s also took on _! mod]n =m4 ,! ,new ,york ,h]ald1 f\nd$ 9 #ahce1 0 ! fir/ real newspap]4 ,b ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 edit$ by ,horace ,greeley1 _h m influ5ce ?an any o!r pap] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,greeley 0 odd 9 _m ways1 b he 0 "o ( ! able/ m5 ( ! "t4 ,he call$ = a lib]al policy 9 ! di/ribution ( ! public l&s & 0 =ev] say+1 ,g ,we/1 "y man1 g ,we/4 ,! magaz9es 7 n[ v mu* bett] ?an 9 =m] ye>s1 & ,am]ica's =emo/ writ]s 7 do+ "s ( _! be/ "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,! telegraph4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h[e sew+ ma*9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,agriculture ma*9]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,/agnation 9 ! ,s\?4 #cfh4 ,progress ( ,inv5tion4--,! electric telegraph 0 n[ 9 common use4 ,x enabl$ ! newspap]s to tell ! p :at 0 go+ on z !y nev] _h done be=e4 ,p]haps ! inv5tion t did z mu* z any "o ?+ to make life easi] 0 ! sew+ ma*9e4 ,elias ,h[e 0 ! fir/ man to make a really practicable sew+ ma*9e4 ,o!r inv5tors improv$ ^u x1 & also made ma*9es to sew o!r ?+s ?an clo?1 z lea!r4 ,agricultural ma*9]y 0 n[ 9 common use4 ,! horse reap] _h be5 mu* improv$1 & c\ntless ma*9es _h be5 inv5t$ to make agricultural labor m easy & economical4 ,hundr$s ( homely articles1 z friction mat*es & rubb] %oes1 came into use 9 ^! ye>s4 ,9 %ort1 ! ?irty ye>s f ,jackson's inauguration to ! secession ( ! ,s\!rn /ates 7 ye>s ( great progress4 ,b ?is progress 0 conf9$ almo/ :olly to ! ,nor?4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 liv+ 9 #ahfj 0 ab\t ! same z x _h be5 9 #ahcj1 or ev5 9 #ahjj4 ,z a ,s\!rn orator said ( ! ,s\?1 ,! ru% & :irl ( mod]n civilization pass$ h] by4 ,,*apt] #cf ,,secession1 #ahfj-ahfa ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,h4 ,,sew>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,c&idates = ! ,republican nom9ation #ahfj4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln nom9at$4 ,! plat=m4 #cfi4 ,! ,republican ,nom9ation1 #ahfj4--;,f\r names 7 especially m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,republican nom9ation = ,presid5t4 ,^! 7 ,sew>d1 ,*ase1 ,cam]on1 & ,l9coln4 ,sew>d 0 ! be/ kn[n ( !m all4 ,9 ! debates on ! ,compromise ( #ahej he _h decl>$ t !re 0 a high] law ?an ! ,con/itution1 namely1 ! law ( nature 9 m5's he>ts4 ,9 ano!r spee* he _h t]m$ ! slav]y conte/ ! irrepressible conflict4 ,^! phrases ende>$ him to ! antislav]y m54 ,b !y made x impossible = _m mod]ate ,republicans to foll[ him4 ,s5ator ,*ase ( ,ohio _h also be5 v outspok5 9 8 condemnation ( slav]y4 ,s5ator ,cam]on ( ,p5nsylvania 0 an able political lead]4 ,b all ( ^! m5 7 too conspicu\s to make a good c&idate4 ,!y _h made _m enemies4 ,l9coln _h spok5 freely4 ,b he _h nev] be5 prom95t 9 national politics4 ,he 0 m likely to attract ! votes ( mod]ate m5 ?an ei!r ( ! o!r c&idates4 ,aft] a fi]ce conte/ he 0 nom9at$4 ,! ,republican plat=m /at$ t !re 0 no int5tion to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! /ates :]e x exi/$2 b x decl>$ ! p>ty's opposition to ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,! plat=m favor$ int]nal improvem5ts at ! national exp5se4 ,x also approv$ ! protective sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*>le/on conv5tion1 #ahfj4 ,mc,master1 #cfj-cfa4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,d\glas ,democrats4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,breck9ridge ,democrats4 #cgj4 ,! ,democratic ,nom9ations4--,! ,democratic conv5tion met at ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,x 0 soon evid5t t ! ,nor!rn ,democrats & ! ,s\!rn ,democrats c\ld n agree4 ,! ,nor!rn]s 7 will+ to accept ! ,dr$ ,scott decision & to c>ry x out4 ,b ! ,s\!rn]s dem&$ t ! plat=m %\ld pl$ge ! p>ty actively to protect slav]y 9 ! t]ritories4 ,to ?is ! ,nor!rn]s w\ld n agree4 ,s ! conv5tion broke up to meet aga9 at ,baltimore4 ,b !re ! delegates c\ld come to no agreem5t4 ,9 ! end two c&idates 7 nam$4 ,! ,nor!rn]s nom9at$ ,d\glas on a plat=m advocat+ popul> sov]eignty4 ,! ,s\!rn]s nom9at$ ,john ,c4 ,breck9ridge ( ,k5tucky4 ,9 _! plat=m !y advocat$ /ates' rights1 & ! protection ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories by ! f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,con/itutional ,union p>ty4 #cga4 ,! ,con/itutional ,union ,p>ty4--,besides ^! ?ree c&idates1 cauti\s & timid m5 ( all p>ties unit$ to =m ! ,con/itutional ,union p>ty4 ,!y nom9at$ ,gov]nor ,john ,bell ( ,t5nessee = ,presid5t4 ,9 _! plat=m !y decl>$ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,con/itution & ! ,union1 reg>dless ( slav]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9coln',s ,,survey+ ,,in/rum5ts ,,& ,,saddlebag4 ,sid5ote3 ,! campaign ( #ahfj4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln elect$4 #cgb4 ,l9coln elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahfj4--,) f\r c&idates 9 ! field & ! ,democratic p>ty hopelessly divid$1 !re c\ld be little d\bt ( ,l9coln's election4 ,he c>ri$ e ,nor!rn /ate except ,miss\ri & ,new ,j]sey4 ,he receiv$ "o hundr$ & eighty electoral notes4 ,breck5ridge c>ri$ e ,s\!rn /ate except ! bord] /ates ( ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee1 & receiv$ sev5ty-two electoral votes4 ,bell c>ri$ ! ?ree bord] ,s\!rn /ates & ,d\glas c>ri$ ,miss\ri & ,new ,j]sey4 ,!re 0 no d\bt z to ,l9coln's election4 ,he _h receiv$ a great majority ( ! electoral votes4 ,b 8 oppon5ts _h receiv$ m popul> votes ?an he _h receiv$4 ,he 0 !re=e elect$ by a m9ority ( ! vot]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9coln',s ,,bookcase4 ,f ! ,keyes-,l9coln ,memorial ,collection1 ,*icago4 ,sid5ote3 ,weakness ( ! ,republicans4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn fe>s4 #cgc4 ,! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4--,l9coln _h be5 elect$ by a m9ority ( ! p4 ,he _h be5 elect$ by ! p ( "o section4 ,o!r ,presid5ts _h be5 *os5 by m9orities4 ,b ,l9coln 0 ! fir/ man to be *os5 ,presid5t by ! p ( "o section4 ,! ,republicans1 moreov]1 _h n elect$ a majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! ,s5ate 0 /ill 9 ! h&s ( ! ,democrats4 ,= two ye>s at lea/ ! ,republicans c\ld n c>ry out _! ideas4 ,!y c\ld n repeal ! ,kansas-,nebraska ,act4 ,!y c\ld n admit ,kansas to ! ,union z a free /ate4 ,!y c\ld n c>ry out "o bit ( _! policy4 ,9 _! plat=m !y _h decl>$ t !y _h no int5tion to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,l9coln _h said ov] & ov] aga9 t ,congress _h no "r to m$dle ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,! ,s\!rn lead]s knew all ^! ?+s4 ,b !y made up _! m9ds t n[ ! "t _h come to sec$e f ! ,union & to e/abli% a ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy4 ,= ! fir/ "t all ! s\!rnmo/ /ates 7 unit$4 ,no matt] :at ,l9coln & ! ,republicans might say1 ! ,s\!rn slavehold]s believ$ t slav]y 0 9 dang]4 ,9 advis+ secession1 _m ( !m ?\ght t by ?is means !y c\ld =ce ! ,nor!rn]s to accept _! t]ms z ! price ( a re/or$ ,union4 ,nev] 7 political lead]s m mi/ak54 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn conv5tions4 #cgd4 ,?reats ( ,secession1 ,novemb]1 #ahfj4--,! ,con/itution p]mits ea* /ate to *oose presid5tial electors z x sees fit4 ,at ! outset ^! electors _h g5]ally be5 *os5 by ! /ate legislatures4 ,b1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 all ! /ates save "o _h come to *oose !m by popul> vote4 ,! "o /ate t held to ! old way 0 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,its legislature /ill *ose ! /ate's presid5tial electors4 ,9 #ahfj ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a legislature did ?is duty & !n rema9$ 9 session to see :i* way ! election w\ld g4 ,:5 ,l9coln's election 0 c]ta91 x call$ a /ate conv5tion to consid] ! "q ( sec$+ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 o!r ,s\!rn /ates !re 0 "s opposition to secession4 ,9 ,georgia1 especially1 ,alex&] ,h4 ,/eph5s l$ ! opposition4 ,he said t secession 0 ! height ( madness4 ,nev]!less he mov$ a resolution = a conv5tion4 ,inde$1 all ! s\!rnmo/ /ates foll[$ ! example ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & summon$ conv5tions4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu*anan's compromise plan4 ,critt5d5's plan ( compromise4 ,mc,master1 #chj-cha4 ,sid5ote3 ,x fails to pass ,congress4 #cge4 ,! ,critt5d5 ,compromise ,plan4--,_m m5 hop$ t ev5 n[ secession might be /opp$ by "s compromise4 ,presid5t ,bu*anan sugge/$ an am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 secur+ slav]y 9 ! /ates & t]ritories4 ,x 0 unlikely t ! ,republicans w\ld agree to ?is sugge/ion4 ,! mo/ hopeful plan 0 br\ght =w>d 9 ,congress by ,s5ator ,critt5d5 ( ,k5tucky4 ,he propos$ t am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution %\ld be adopt$3 7#a7 to c>ry out ! pr9ciple ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise 7p4 #bbb727b7 to provide t /ates %\ld be free or slave z _! p %\ld det]m9e2 & 7#c7 to pay ! slave own]s ! value ( runaway slaves4 ,?is plan 0 c>efully consid]$ by ,congress1 & 0 f9ally reject$ only two days be=e ,l9coln's inauguration4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\? ,c>ol9a sec$es1 #ahfj4 ,eggle/on1 #cjd-cje4 ,sid5ote3 ,six o!r /ates sec$e4 #cgf4 ,secession ( ,sev5 ,/ates1 #ahfj-fa4--,! ,s\? ,c>ol9a conv5tion met 9 ,secession ,hall1 ,*>le/on1 on ,decemb] #ag1 #ahfj4 ,?ree days lat] x adopt$ a decl>ation t ! union n[ subsi/+ betwe5 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & o!r /ates1 "u ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 is h]eby dissolv$4 ,six o!r /ates soon jo9$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,^! 7 ,mississippi1 ,florida1 ,alabama1 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 & ,texas4 ,sid5ote3 ,conf$]ate /ates con/itution ,sid5ote3 ,views ( ,jeff]son ,davis4 #cgg4 ,! ,conf$]ate ,/ates ( ,am]ica4--,! next /ep 0 = ^! /ates to jo9 toge!r to =m a conf$]ation4 ,?is "w 0 done by a conv5tion ( delegates *os5 by ! conv5tions ( ! sev5 sec$+ /ates4 ,^! delegates met at ,montgom]y1 ,alabama4 ,_! new con/itution closely resembl$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b great c>e 0 tak5 to make x p]fectly cle> t ea* memb] ( ! ,conf$]acy 0 a sov]eign /ate4 ,exce$+ c>e 0 also tak5 t slav]y %\ld be protect$ 9 e way4 ,jeff]son ,davis ( ,mississippi 0 *os5 provisional presid5t1 & ,alex&] ,h4 ,/eph5s provisional vice-presid5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>le/on ,,m]cury ,,extra3 ,! ,,union is ,,dissolv$6 ,sid5ote3 ,views ( ,jeff]son ,davis4 ,sid5ote3 ,views ( ,alex&] ,h4 ,/eph5s4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bif-bii4 #cgh4 ,views ( ,davis & ,/eph5s4--,davis decl>$ t ,l9coln _h made a di/9ct decl>ation ( w> ^u our 7,s\!rn7 in/itutions4 ,8 election 0 ^u ! basis ( sectional ho/ility4 ,if w> mu/ come1 x mu/ be on ,nor!rn & n on ,s\!rn soil4444 ,we w c>ry w> 444 :]e food = ! sword & tor* awaits our armies 9 ! d5sely populat$ cities ( ! ,nor?4 ,= 8 "p1 ,/eph5s said ! new gov]nm5t's f\ndations are laid1 its corn]/one re/s1 ^u ! great tru? t ! negro is n equal to ! :ite man4 ,sid5ote3 ,let ! err+ si/]s g 9 peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,greeley's op9ions4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu*anan's op9ions4 #cgi4 ,hesitation 9 ! ,nor?4--,at fir/ x seem$ z if ,davis 0 "r :5 he said ! ,nor!rn]s w\ld n fight4 ,g5]al ,scott1 comm&+ ! army1 sugge/$ t ! err+ si/]s %\ld be all[$ to dep>t 9 peace1 & ,sew>d seem$ to ?9k ! same way4 ,! ,abolitioni/s welcom$ ! secession ( ! slave /ates4 ,horace ,greeley1 = in/ance1 wrote t if ^? /ates *ose to =m an indep5d5t nation1 !y _h a cle> moral "r s to d4 ,= 8 "p1 ,presid5t ,bu*anan ?\ght t no /ate c\ld con/itutionally sec$e4 ,b if a /ate %\ld sec$e1 he saw no way to compel x to come back to ! ,union4 ,s he sat pati5tly by & did no?+4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #ce #cfa1 #cfb4--;a4 ,comp>e ! area & population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjj & 9 #ahfj4 b4 ,comp>e ! :ite population ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,7 all ! ,s\!rn :ites slave own]s8 c4 ,:y _h ! control ( ! ,h\se pass$ to ! free /ates8 ,did a :ite man 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\? h proportionally ! same repres5tation 9 ! ,h\se8 ,:y8 d4 ,:at *ange 9 ! control ( ! ,s5ate _h tak5 place8 ,:y8 ,:y 0 ?is *ange s important8 #cfc1 #cfd4--;a4 ,:at _h caus$ ! gr[? ( ! ,nor!rn cities8 ,:y 7 !re s few l>ge cities 9 ! slave /ates8 b4 ,h[ _h ! population ( ! /ates *ang$ s9ce #agij8 ,:at _h caus$ ! gr[? ( ! ,nor?we/8 c4 ,:]e 0 !re ! greate/ d5sity ( population8 ,:y8 #cfe1 #cff4--;a4 ,describe ! *ange ( life 9 ! cities4 ,:at arrangem5ts 7 made = ! com=t & heal? ( ! p8 b4 ,h[ _h railroads increas$1 & :at improvem5ts _h be5 made8 #cfg1 #cfh4--;a4 ,( :at use are newspap]s8 ,h[ d !y influ5ce ! op9ions ( ! p8 ,:at policy did ,horace ,greeley uphold8 ,:y8 b4 ,:o 7 "s ( ! important writ]s8 ,m5tion two works ( ea*4 c4 ,:at influ5ce did ! telegraph h8 ,0 ?is important8 d4 ,describe "s ( ! o!r inv5tions4 e4 ,:y _h ?is progress be5 conf9$ ma9ly to ! ,nor?8 ,,*apt] #cf #cfi4--;a4 ,:o 7 ! lead+ ,republican c&idates8 b4 ,:y 0 ,l9coln nom9at$8 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! phrase too conspicu\s8 c4 ,:at did ,sew>d mean by say+ t !re 0 a high] law ?an ! ,con/itution8 ,:y 0 ! slav]y conte/ irrepressible8 d4 ,:at decl>ation 0 made by ! ,republican p>ty z to slav]y8 ,comp>e ?is policy ) ! ,wilmot ,proviso4 #cgj1 #cga4--;a4 ,:at divisions took place 9 ! ,democratic p>ty8 ,:y8 b4 ,:at c&idates 7 nam$8 ,:at policy did ea* uphold8 c4 ,h[ _h ! dem&s ( ! ,s\!rn]s conc]n+ slav]y increas$8 d4 ,:at ?ird p>ty 0 =m$8 ,by :om8 ,:at does ! "n %[8 #cgb1 #cgc4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! election8 b4 ,:at 0 !re peculi> 9 ,l9coln's election8 c4 ,7 ! ,s\!rn /ates 9 any p>ticul> dang]8 d4 ,:y %\ld ! ,s\!rn]s h felt s /rongly ab\t ?is election8 ,:at 0 _! hope 9 ?reat5+ secession8 #cgd1 #cge4--;a ,give argum5ts = & aga9/ secession4 ,9 :at o!r "q simil> to ?is _h ,s\? ,c>ol9a l$8 b4 ,7 ! p ( ! ,s\? g5]ally 9 favor ( secession8 c4 ,:at compromise did ,bu*anan sugge/8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! wisdom ( ! plan8 d4 ,expla9 c>efully ! po9ts 9 ,critt5d5's plan4 ,discuss its value4 #cgf1 #cgg4--;a ,c\ld "o /ate dissolve ! ,union8 b4 ,:at o!r /ates foll[$ ,s\? ,c>ol9a8 c4 ,:at gov]nm5t 0 =m$ by !m8 ,:at two po9ts 7 especially emphasiz$ 9 _! con/itution8 ,:y ^!8 #cgh1 #cgi4--;a4 ,:at /atem5t did ,davis make z to ,l9coln8 ,0 x true or false8 ,give y\r reasons4 b4 ,:y did ,davis advocate w> on ,nor!rn soil8 c4 ,:y 0 !re su* hesitation 9 ! ,nor?8 ,/ate ! op9ions ( ,scott1 ,greeley1 & ,bu*anan4 d4 ,:at w\ld ,jackson probably h done _h he be5 ,presid5t8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,0 ! ,s\? ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t ! ,nor? w\ld yield8 ,give illu/rations to support y\r view4 b4 ,7 ! ye>s #aheg-fa m or less critical ?an ! ye>s #aghc-hg8 ,:y8 c4 ,h[ 0 ! ,s\? dep5d5t ^u ! ,nor?8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,comp>ison betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 b4 ,any inv5tion m5tion$ 9 ?is "p4 c4 ,"s writ] ( ?is p]iod4 d4 ,! condition ( y\r own /ate 7or t[n or city7 9 #ahfj4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,! fir/ *apt] ( ?is "p %\ld be taught v sl[ly1 & at ea* po9t ! contra/ betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? %\ld be po9t$ out4 ,9 ,*apt] #cf ! *ang$ attitude ( ! ,s\!rn politicians %\ld be not$ & _! dem&s cle>ly set =?4 ,! fact t ! slave own]s :ile a m9ority 9 ! ,s\? dom9at$ public op9ion %\ld be po9t$ out4 ,9 consid]+ ! "q ( secession x w be well to review ! ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia ,resolutions1 ! ,h>t=d ,conv5tion1 & ! ,nullification episode4 ,! weakness ( ,pi]ce & ,bu*anan may be contra/$ ) ! /r5g? ( ,jackson1 & w s]ve z an introduction to ! /udy ( ,l9coln's "*4 ,,xiii ,,! ,,w> ,,= ,,! ,,union1 #ahfa-ahfe ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,dodge's ,bird's-,eye ,view2 ,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,,iv & ,v2 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory4 *ap1 xxix 7! co/ ( ! w>72 ,l9coln's ,inaugurals & ,gettysburg ,address4 ,home ,read+s4--,battles & ,lead]s ( ! ,civil ,w> 7compos$ l>gely ( articles t _h previ\sly appe>$ 9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e2 ,:itti]'s ,b>b>a ,friet*ie2 ,c(f9's ,w9n+ 8 ,way & o!r /ories2 ,soley's ,sailor ,boys ( '#fa2 ,tr[bridge's ,drumm] ,boy & o!r /ories2 ,read's ,%]idan's ,ride2 ,*ampl9's ,"y ,folks' ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> = ! ,union74 ,,*apt] #cg ,,! ,,ris+ ,,( ,,! ,,peoples1 #ahfa ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln's inaugural address1 ,m>* #d1 #ahfa4 #chj4 ,l9coln's ,inauguration4--,on ,m>* #d1 #ahfa1 ,presid5t ,l9coln made 8 fir/ inaugural address4 ,9 x he decl>$3 ,! ,union is mu* old] ?an ! ,con/itution4444 ,no /ate ^u its own motion c lawfully get out ( ! ,union4444 ,9 view ( ! ,con/itution & ! laws ! ,union is unbrok5 444 ,i %all take c>e t ! laws ( ! ,union be fai?fully execut$ 9 all ! /ates4 ,z to slav]y1 he _h no purpose 444 to int]f]e ) ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 ! /ates :]e x exi/s4 ,he ev5 saw no objection to adopt an am5dm5t ( ! ,con/itution to prohibit ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,b he 0 resolv$ to pres]ve1 protect1 & def5d ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,slav]y ,,& ,,secession4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,glory ,,z ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,civil ,,w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,sumt]4 ,s\rce-,book1 #bii-cjb4 ,sid5ote3 ,! call to arms1 ,april #ae1 #ahfa4 #cha4 ,fall ( ,=t ,sumt]1 ,april1 #ahfa4--,! /r5g? ( ,l9coln's resolve 0 soon te/$4 ,:5 ,s\? ,c>ol9a sec$$1 ,major ,&]son1 comm&+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates =ces at ,*>le/on1 )drew f ! l& =ts to ,=t ,sumt]1 built on a %oal 9 ! h>bor4 ,he _h ) him only eighty fight+ m5 & 0 sorely 9 ne$ ( food & ammunition4 ,bu*anan s5t a /eam]1 ! ,/> ( ! ,we/1 to ,*>le/on ) supplies & soldi]s4 ,b ! ,conf$]ates fir$ on h]1 & %e /eam$ away )\t l&+ ! soldi]s or ! supplies4 ,l9coln wait$ a mon?1 hop+ t ! secessioni/s w\ld come back to ! ,union ( _! own accord4 ,!n he decid$ to s5d supplies to ,major ,&]son & told ! gov]nor ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ( 8 decision4 ,imm$iately 7,april #ab7 ! ,conf$]ates op5$ fire on ,=t ,sumt]4 ,on ,april #ad ,&]son surr5d]$4 ,! next day ,presid5t ,l9coln issu$ a proclamation call+ = sev5ty-five ?\s& volunte]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nor!rn volunte]s4 ,mc,master1 #chf-chg2 ,s\rce-,book1 #cjc-cje4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\glas1 ,bu*anan1 & ,pi]ce ,sid5ote3 ,progress ( secession4 #chb4 ,ris+ ( ! ,nor?4--,!re 0 no long] a "q ( lett+ ! err+ si/]s dep>t 9 peace4 ,! ,s\!rn]s _h fir$ on ,old ,glory4 ,!re 0 no long] a dispute ov] ! ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,! "q 0 n[ :e!r ! ,union %\ld p]i% or %\ld live4 ,d\glas at once came out = ! ,union & s did ! =m] ,presid5ts1 ,bu*anan & ,frankl9 ,pi]ce4 ,9 ! ,mississippi ,valley hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( m5 ei!r sympa?iz$ ) ! slavehold]s or c>$ no?+ ab\t ! slav]y dispute4 ,b ! mom5t ! ,conf$]ates attack$ ! ,union1 !y rose 9 def5se ( _! c\ntry & _! flag4 ,sid5ote3 ,we/ ,virg9ia4 #chc4 ,m ,sec$]s4--,! ,s\!rn]s flock$ to ! /&>ds ( ! ,conf$]acy1 & f\r m /ates jo9$ ! ranks ( secession4 ,^! 7 ,arkansas1 ,t5nessee1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,virg9ia ! p 7 %>ply divid$ on ! "q ( secession4 ,f9ally ,virg9ia sec$$1 b ! we/]n ,virg9ians1 9 _! turn1 sec$$ f ,virg9ia & two ye>s lat] 7 admitt$ to ! ,union z ! /ate ( ,we/ ,virg9ia4 ,f\r bord] /ates _h sec$$2 b f\r o!r bord] /ates 7 /ill )9 ! ,union4 ,^! 7 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,k5tucky1 & ,miss\ri4 ,sid5ote3 ,k5tucky & ,m>yl& sav$ to ! ,union4 ,sid5ote3 ,miss\ri sav$ to ! ,union4 ,eggle/on1 #caj4 #chd4 ,! ,bord] ,/ates4--,! p ( ,m>yl& & ( ,k5tucky 7 ev5ly divid$ on ! "q ( secession4 ,!y ev5 tri$ to set up z neutral /ates4 ,b _! neutrality w\ld h be5 s greatly to ! advantage ( ! sec$]s t ?is c\ld n be all[$4 ,l9coln's firm mod]ation & ! patriotism ( _m wise lead]s 9 ,k5tucky sav$ t /ate to ! ,union4 ,b ,m>yl& 0 s important to ! def5se ( ,wa%+ton t m en]getic means _h to be us$4 ,9 ,miss\ri1 a l>ge & active p>ty wi%$ to jo9 ! ,conf$]acy4 ,b two ,union m51 ,frank ,p4 ,blair & ,na?aniel ,lyon1 held ! mo/ important portions ( ! /ate = ! ,union4 ,x 0 n until a ye> lat]1 h[ev]1 t ,miss\ri 0 safe on ! ,nor!rn side4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn s5tim5t 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn ,unioni/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ blood%$1 ,april #ai1 #ahfa4 #che4 ,to ! ,def5se ( ,wa%+ton4--,! national capital 0 really a ,s\!rn t[n1 = mo/ ( ! p]man5t resid5ts 7 ,s\!rn]s1 & ! (fices 7 fill$ ) ,s\!rn m54 ,9 ! army & navy1 too1 7 v _m ,s\!rn]s4 ,mo/ ( !m1 z ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee1 felt t _! duty to _! /ate 0 great] ?an _! duty to _! flag4 ,b _m ,s\!rn (fic]s felt diff]5tly4 ,among ^! 7 two m5 ^: names %\ld be held 9 grateful remembrance1 ,capta9 ,david ,g4 ,f>ragut & ,colonel ,george ,h4 ,?omas4 ,! fir/ soldi]s to arrive 9 ,wa%+ton 7 f ,p5nsylvania2 b !y came un>m$4 ,soon !y 7 foll[$ by ! ,six? ,massa*usetts4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,baltimore ?is regim5t 0 attack$4 ,sev]al m5 7 kill$1 o!rs 7 w\nd$4 ,?is 0 on ,april #ai1 #ahfa1--! anniv]s>y ( ! battles ( ,lex+ton & ,concord4 ,x 0 ! fir/ blood%$ ( ! w>4 ,,*apt] #ch ,,bull ,,run ,,to ,,murfreesboro'1 #ahfa-ahfb ,illu/ration3 ,,railroads ,,& ,,riv]s ,,( ,,! ,,s\?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! field ( w>4 #chf4 ,nature ( ! ,conflict4--,! ov]?r[ ( ! ,conf$]ate /ates prov$ to be v difficult4 ,! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s cut ! ,s\? into two great fields ( w>4 ,deep & rapid riv]s fl[$ f ! m\nta9s into ! ,atlantic or into ! ,mississippi4 ,ea* ( ^! riv]s 0 a natural l9e ( def5se4 ,! fir/ l9e 0 ! ,potomac & ! ,ohio4 ,b :5 ! ,conf$]ates 7 driv5 f ?is l9e1 !y soon f\nd ano!r equally good a little f>!r s\?4 ,!n aga9 ! ,s\? 0 only p>tly settl$4 ,good roads 7 r>e1 b !re 7 _m poor roads4 ,! maps gave only ! good roads4 ,by ^! ! ,nor!rn soldi]s _h to m>* :ile ! ,s\!rn armies 7 (t5 guid$ ?r\gh pa?s unkn[n to ! ,nor!rn]s1 & ?us 7 able to m>* %ort] di/ances betwe5 two battlefields or betwe5 two important po9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( campaign4 ,sid5ote3 ,disa/] at ,bull ,run1 ,july1 #ahfa4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cje-cjh4 #chg4 ,! ,bull ,run ,campaign1 ,july1 #ahfa4--,nor!rn soldi]s cross$ ! ,potomac into ,virg9ia & f\nd ! ,conf$]ates po/$ at ,bull ,run ne> ,manassas ,junction4 ,o!r ,nor!rn soldi]s press$ into ! ,%5&oah ,valley f ,h>p]'s ,f]ry4 ,!y1 too1 f\nd a ,conf$]ate army 9 front ( !m4 ,! plan ( ! ,union campaign is n[ cle>3 ,g5]al ,mc,dowell 0 to attack ! ,conf$]ates at ,bull ,run1 :ile ,g5]al ,patt]son attack$ ! ,conf$]ates 9 ! ,valley1 & kept !m s busy t !y c\ld n g to ! help ( _! comrades at ,bull ,run4 ,x fell out o!rwise1 = ,patt]son retreat$ & left ! ,conf$]ate g5]al1 ,john/on1 free to g to ! aid ( ! sorely press$ ,conf$]ates at ,bull ,run4 ,mc,dowell attack$ vigor\sly & broke ! ,conf$]ate l9e2 b he c\ld n ma9ta9 8 position4 ,! ,union troops at fir/ retreat$ sl[ly4 ,!n !y became fright5$ & fl$1 9 all ha/e1 back to ,wa%+ton4 ,! fir/ campaign end$ 9 disa/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,mcclellan4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 #ahfb4 #chh4 ,! ,army ( ! ,potomac4--,:ile ! ,bull ,run campaign 0 go+ on 9 ea/]n ,virg9ia1 ,union soldi]s _h be5 w9n+ victories 9 we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,^! 7 l$ by ,g5]al ,george ,b4 ,mc,clellan4 ,he n[ came to ,wa%+ton & took comm& ( ! troops op]at+ 9 front ( ! capital4 ,dur+ ! autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+ he drill$ 8 m5 ) great skill & c>e4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahfb1 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac left its camps a spl5didly drill$ body ( soldi]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn prep>ations4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cjh-caa4 ,sid5ote3 ,ri*mond4 ,sid5ote3 ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia4 #chi4 ,! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia4--,meantime ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,conf$]acy _h ga!r$ great masses ( soldi]s4 ,!re 7 n ne>ly z _m :ite m5 ( fight+ age 9 ! ,s\? z !re 7 9 ! ,nor?4 ,b :at m5 !re 7 c\ld be plac$ 9 ! fight+ l9e1 because ! negro slaves c\ld produce ! food ne$$ by ! armies & d ! h>d labor ( mak+ =ts4 ,! capital ( ! ,conf$]acy 0 n[ e/abli%$ at ,ri*mond1 on ! ,james ,riv]1 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! army def5d+ ?is capital 0 call$ ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia4 ,x 0 comm&$ by ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on2 b its able/ (fic]s 7 ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee & ,?omas ,j4 ,jackson 7,/onewall ,jackson74 ,sid5ote3 ,mc,clellan's plan ( campaign1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to x4 #cij4 ,plan ( ! ,p59sul> ,campaign4--,! c\ntry betwe5 ! ,potomac & ! ,james 0 cut up by riv]s1 z ! ,rappahannock1 ! ,mattapony1 & ,pamunkey1 & "p ( x 0 a wild]ness4 ,mc,clellan plann$ to c>ry 8 troops by wat] to ! p59sula betwe5 ! ,james & ! ,york & ,pamunkey riv]s4 ,he w\ld !n h a cle> road to ,ri*mond1 ) no great riv]s to dispute ) ! enemy4 ,john/on w\ld be oblig$ to leave 8 camp at ,bull ,run & m>* s\?w>d to ! def5se ( ,ri*mond4 ,! great objection to ! plan 0 t ,john/on might attack ,wa%+ton in/ead ( go+ to face ,mc,clellan4 ,g5]al ,jackson also 0 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley4 ,he might m>* d[n ! ,valley1 cross ! ,potomac1 & seize ,wa%+ton4 ,s ! gov]nm5t kept sev5ty-five ?\s& ( ,mc,clellan's m5 = ! def5se ( ! ,f$]al capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,monitor4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,monitor & ! ,m]rimac4 ,h]o ,tales1 #ahc1 #aie4 #cia4 ,! ,monitor & ! ,m]rimac4--,on ,m>* #h a que]-look+ craft /eam$ out f ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 & attack$ ! ,union fleet at an*or ne> ,=tress ,monroe4 ,%e de/roy$ two wood5 frigates1 ! ,cumb]l& & ! ,congress1 & began ! de/ruction ( ! ,m9nesota4 ,%e !n /eam$ back to ,norfolk4 ,?is =midable vessel 0 ! old frigate ,m]rimac4 ,^u h] decks ! ,conf$]ates _h built an iron h\se4 ,f ^! iron sides ! balls ( ! ,union frigates roll$ h>mlessly away4 ,b t night an ev5 /rang]-look+ %ip appe>$ at ,=tress ,monroe4 ,?is 0 ! ,monitor1 a float+ =t1 built ( iron4 ,%e 0 design$ by ,john ,ericsson1 a ,sw$i% immigrant4 ,:5 ! ,m]rimac came back to f9i% ! de/ruction ( ! ,m9nesota1 ! ,monitor /eam$ directly to h]4 ,^! two ironclads f\ght & f\ght4 ,at la/ ! ,m]rimac /eam$ away & nev] r5ew$ ! fight4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,fair ,oaks1 ,may1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,sev5 ,days4 ,sid5ote3 ,malv]n ,hill4 #cib4 ,! ,p59sul> ,campaign1 #ahfb4--;,by ! end ( ,may ,mc,clellan _h ga9$ a position )9 t5 miles ( ,ri*mond4 ,meantime1 ,jackson f\ght s vigor\sly 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley t ! ,wa%+ton gov]nm5t refus$ to s5d m m5 to ,mc,clellan1 al?\gh ,john/on _h gone ) 8 army to ! def5se ( ,ri*mond4 ,on ,may #ca ! ,army ( ! ,potomac & ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia f\ght a h>d battle at ,fair ,oaks4 ,john/on 0 w\nd$1 & ,lee took ! *ief comm&4 ,he summon$ ,jackson f ! ,valley & attack$ ,mc,clellan day aft] day1 ,june #bf to ,july #b1 #ahfb4 ,^! t]rible battles ( ! ,sev5 ,days =c$ ,mc,clellan to *ange 8 base to ! ,james1 :]e he w\ld be ne> ! fleet4 ,at ,malv]n ,hill ,lee & ,jackson once m attack$ him & 7 beat5 (f ) fe>ful loss4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee's plan ( campaign4 ,sid5ote3 ,second battle ( ,bull ,run1 ,augu/1 #ahfb4 #cic4 ,second ,bull ,run ,campaign4--,! ,army ( ! ,potomac 0 /ill uncom=tably ne> ,ri*mond4 ,x occurr$ to ,lee t if he %\ld /rike a h>d bl[ at ! army 9 front ( ,wa%+ton1 ,l9coln w\ld recall ,mc,clellan4 ,sudd5ly1 )\t any w>n+1 ,jackson appe>$ at ,manassas ,junction 7p4 #cag74 ,mc,clellan 0 at once ord]$ to transport 8 army by wat] to ! ,potomac1 & place x "u ! ord]s ( ,g5]al ,john ,pope1 comm&+ ! =ces 9 front ( ,wa%+ton4 ,mc,clellan did z he 0 ord]$4 ,b ,lee mov$ fa/] ?an he c\ld move4 ,be=e ! ,army ( ! ,potomac 0 ?or\ghly 9 ,pope's grasp1 ,lee attack$ ! ,union =ces ne> ,bull ,run4 ,he defeat$ !m1 drove !m (f ! field & back into ! =ts def5d+ ,wa%+ton 7,augu/1 #ahfb74 ,sid5ote3 ,lee invades ,m>yl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,antietam1 ,septemb]1 #ahfb4 ,h]o ,tales1 #aii-bji4 #cid4 ,! ,antietam ,campaign1 #ahfb4--,lee n[ cross$ ! ,potomac into ,m>yl&4 ,b he f\nd m resi/ance ?an he _h look$ =4 ,mc,clellan 0 aga9 giv5 *ief comm&4 ,ga!r+ 8 =ces firmly toge!r1 he kept betwe5 ,lee & ,wa%+ton1 & ?reat5$ ,lee's communications ) ,virg9ia4 ,! ,conf$]ates drew back4 ,mc,clellan f\nd !m /rongly po/$ ne> ! ,antietam & attack$ !m4 ,! ,union soldi]s f\ght spl5didly4 ,b milit>y writ]s say t ,mc,clellan's attacks 7 n well plann$4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! ,army ( ! ,potomac lo/ m ?an twelve ?\s& m5 to less ?an t5 ?\s& on ! ,conf$]ate side1 & ,lee made good 8 retreat to ,virg9ia4 ,mc,clellan 0 n[ remov$ f comm&1 & ,ambrose ,e4 ,burnside became *ief ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antietam 7,a ,,w>-,,"t ,,sket*74 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,fr$]icksburg1 ,decemb]1 #ahfb4 #cie4 ,fr$]icksburg1 ,decemb]1 #ahfb4--;,burnside f\nd ,lee /rongly po/$ on ,m>ye's ,heights1 :i* rise %>ply beh9d ! little t[n ( ,fr$]icksburg on ! s\!rn bank ( ! ,rappahannock ,riv]4 ,burnside attack$ 9 front4 ,8 soldi]s _h to cross ! riv] & assault ! hill 9 face ( a murd]\s fire--& 9 va94 ,he lo/ ?irte5 ?\s& m5 to only f\r ?\s& ( ! ,conf$]ates4 ,fight+ ,joe ,hook] n[ succe$$ ,burnside z comm&] ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,we mu/ n[ turn to ! ,we/1 & see :at _h be5 do+ !re 9 #ahfa-fb4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,grant4 ,sid5ote3 ,he seizes ,cairo4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,mill ,spr+s1 ,janu>y1 #ahfb4 #cif4 ,grant & ,?omas4--,9 ,ill9ois !re appe>$ a tra9$ soldi] ( fi]ce en]gy & inv9cible w1 ,ulysses ,simpson ,grant4 ,he _h be5 educat$ at ,we/ ,po9t & _h s]v$ 9 ! ,mexican ,w>4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahfa1 he seiz$ ,cairo at ! junction ( ! ,ohio & ! ,mississippi4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahfb1 ,g5]al ,george ,h4 ,?omas defeat$ a ,conf$]ate =ce at ,mill ,spr+s1 9 ! upp] valley ( ! ,cumb]l& ,riv]4 ,9 ?is way ,grant & ,?omas secur$ ! l9e ( ! ,ohio & ea/]n ,k5tucky = ! ,union4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bridge ,,at ,,antietam4 ,burnside's soldi]s *>g$ ov] ! bridge f ! middle =egr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,=t ,h5ry1 ,febru>y1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,=t ,donelson4 #cig4 ,=ts ,h5ry & ,donelson1 ,febru>y1 #ahfb4--;,9 ,febru>y1 #ahfb1 ,g5]al ,grant & ,commodore ,foote attack$ two =ts :i* ! ,conf$]ates _h built to keep ! ,f$]al gunboats f p5etrat+ ! we/]n "p ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,=t ,h5ry yield$ almo/ at once1 b ! ,union =ces besieg$ ,=t ,donelson = a long] "t4 ,soon ! ,conf$]ate def5se became hopeless1 & ,g5]al ,buckn] ask$ = ! t]ms ( surr5d]4 ,unconditional surr5d]1 repli$ ,grant1 & ,buckn] surr5d]$4 ,! l[] ,t5nessee & ! l[] ,cumb]l& 7 n[ op5 to ! ,union =ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,! l[] ,mississippi4 ,sid5ote3 ,admiral ,f>ragut4 #cih4 ,importance ( ,new ,orleans4--,new ,orleans & ! l[] ,mississippi 7 ( great importance to bo? sides1 = ! possession ( ?is region gave ! ,s\!rn]s access to ,texas1 & ?r\gh ,texas to ,mexico4 ,union fleets 7 blockad+ e important ,s\!rn port4 ,b z long z comm]ce ov]l& ) ,mexico c\ld be ma9ta9$1 ! ,s\? c\ld /ruggle on4 ,! ,mississippi1 too1 has s _m m\?s t x 0 difficult to keep vessels f runn+ 9 & out4 ,= ^! reasons ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t det]m9$ to seize ,new ,orleans & ! l[] ,mississippi4 ,! comm& ( ! exp$ition 0 giv5 to ,f>ragut1 :o _h pass$ 8 boyhood 9 ,l\isiana4 ,he 0 giv5 z good a fleet z c\ld be provid$1 & a =ce ( soldi]s 0 s5t to help him4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,riv] ,,gunboat4 ,sid5ote3 ,capture ( ,new ,orleans1 ,april1 #ahfb4 ,higg9son1 #cjc-cjd2 ,s\rce-,book1 #cac-cae4 #cii4 ,new ,orleans captur$1 ,april1 #ahfb4--;,f>ragut c>ri$ 8 fleet into ! ,mississippi1 b f\nd 8 way up/ream b>r$ by two =ts on ! riv]'s bank4 ,a great *a9 /ret*$ across ! riv] bel[ ! =ts1 & a fleet ( riv] gunboats ) an ironclad or two 0 9 wait+ above ! =ts4 ,*a91 =ts1 & gunboats all gave way be=e ,f>ragut's =ceful w4 ,at night he pass$ ! =ts amid a t]rific cannonade4 ,once above !m ,new ,orleans 0 at 8 m]cy4 ,x surr5d]$1 & ) ! =ts 0 soon occupi$ by ! ,union army4 ,! l[] ,mississippi 0 lo/ to ! ,conf$]acy4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,w>-,,"t ,,envelope4 ,sid5ote3 ,%iloh1 ,april1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,cor9?1 ,may1 #ahfb4 #djj4 ,%iloh & ,cor9?1 ,april1 ,may1 #ahfb4--;,g5]al ,halleck n[ direct$ ! op]ations ( ! ,union armies 9 ! ,we/4 ,he ord]$ ,grant to take 8 m5 up ! ,t5nessee to ,pittsburg ,l&+ & !re await ! arrival ( ,buell ) a /rong =ce ov]l& f ,na%ville4 ,grant encamp$ ) 8 troops on ! we/]n bank ( ! ,t5nessee betwe5 ,%iloh ,*ur* & ,pittsburg ,l&+4 ,alb]t ,sidney ,john/on1 ! ,conf$]ate comm&] 9 ! ,we/1 attack$ him sudd5ly & ) great fury4 ,soon ! ,union army 0 pu%$ back to ! riv]4 ,9 8 place _m a lead] w\ld h )drawn4 ,b ,grant1 ) amaz+ c\rage1 held on4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,buell's lead+ regim5ts rea*$ ! o!r side ( ! riv]4 ,9 ! night !y 7 f]ri$ across1 & ,grant's outly+ comm&s 7 br\ght to ! front4 ,! next morn+ ,grant attack$ 9 8 turn & sl[ly b surely pu%$ ! ,conf$]ates (f ! field4 ,halleck !n unit$ ,grant's1 ,buell's1 & ,pope's armies & captur$ ,cor9?4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al ,bragg invades ,k5tucky4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,p]ryville1 ,octob]1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,murfreesboro'1 ,decemb]1 #ahfb4 ,eggle/on1 #cca4 #dja4 ,bragg 9 ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky4--,g5]al ,braxton ,bragg n[ took a l>ge "p ( ! ,conf$]ate army1 :i* _h f\ght at ,%iloh & ,cor9?1 to ,*attanooga4 ,he !n m>*$ rapidly across ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky to ! neighborhood ( ,l\isville on ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,buell 0 s5t aft] him1 & ! two armies f\ght an indecisive battle at ,p]ryville4 ,!n ,bragg retreat$ to ,*attanooga4 ,9 a few mon?s he 0 aga9 on ! m>*4 ,rosecrans _h n[ succe$$ ,buell4 ,he attack$ ,bragg at ,murfreesboro'4 ,= a long "t ! conte/ 0 equal4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 ! ,conf$]ates 7 beat5 & retir$ f ! field4 ,,*apt] #ci ,,! ,,emancipation ,,proclamation ,sid5ote3 ,! blockade4 #djb4 ,! ,blockade4--,on ! fall ( ,=t ,sumt] ,presid5t ,l9coln ord]$ a blockade ( ! ,conf$]ate seaports4 ,!re 7 few manufactur+ indu/ries 9 ! ,s\?4 ,cotton & tobacco 7 ! great /aples ( export4 ,if h] ports 7 blockad$ ! ,s\? c\ld nei!r br+ 9 arms & milit>y supplies f ,europe1 nor s5d cotton & tobacco to ,europe to be sold = money4 ,s h] p[] ( resi/+ ! ,union armies w\ld be greatly less5$4 ,! ,union gov]nm5t b\ght all k9ds ( vessels1 ev5 h>bor f]ryboats1 arm$ !m1 & /ation$ !m (f ! blockad$ h>bors4 ,9 a surpris+ly %ort "t ! blockade 0 e/abli%$4 ,! ,union =ces also began to occupy ! ,s\!rn seacoa/1 & ?us ! region t _h to be blockad$ /eadily grew less4 ,sid5ote3 ,effect ( ! blockade4 #djc4 ,effects ( ! ,blockade4--,z mon?s & ye>s w5t by1 & ! blockade became /rict] & /rict]1 ! suff]+s ( ! ,s\!rn p became ev] great]4 ,z !y c\ld n s5d _! products to ,europe to ex*ange = goods1 !y _h to pay gold & silv] = :atev] ! blockade runn]s br\ght 94 ,soon !re 0 no m gold & silv] 9 ! ,conf$]acy1 & pap] money took its place4 ,!n ! supplies ( manufactur$ goods1 z clo?+ & pap]1 ( ?+s n produc$ 9 ! ,s\?1 z c(fee & salt1 gave out4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! w> !re 7 absolutely no m$ic9es = ! ,s\!rn soldi]s1 & guns 7 s sc>ce t x 0 propos$ to arm "o regim5t ) pikes4 ,no?+ did m to break d[n ,s\!rn resi/ance ?an ! blockade4 ,sid5ote3 ,hopes ( ! ,s\!rn]s4 #djd4 ,! ,conf$]acy1 ,great ,brita91 & ,france4--,f ! beg9n+ ( ! conte/ ! ,conf$]ate lead]s believ$ t ! ,briti% & ! ,fr5* w\ld int]f]e to aid !m4 ,cotton is k+1 !y said4 ,unless !re 7 a regul> supply ( cotton1 ! mills ( ,engl& & ( ,france mu/ /op4 ,?\s&s ( mill h&s--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--w\ld soon be />v+4 ,! ,fr5* & ! ,briti% gov]nm5ts w\ld raise ! blockade4 ,p]haps !y w\ld ev5 =ce ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ackn[l$ge ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,conf$]ate /ates4 ,!re 0 a good deal ( tru? 9 ?is belief4 ,= ! ,briti% & ,fr5* gov]nm5ts dread$ ! gr[+ p[] ( ! ,am]ican republic & w\ld gladly h se5 x brok5 to pieces4 ,b ev5ts fell out f> o!rwise ?an ! ,s\!rn lead]s _h calculat$4 ,be=e ! supply ( ,am]ican cotton 9 ,engl& 0 us$ up1 new supplies began to come 9 f ,india & f ,egypt4 ,! ,union armies occupi$ portions ( ! cotton belt e>ly 9 #ahfb1 & ,am]ican cotton 0 aga9 export$4 ,b m ?an all else1 ! ,engli% mill op]atives1 9 all _! h>d%ips1 w\ld n ask _! gov]nm5t to int]f]e4 ,!y saw cle>ly en\gh t ! ,nor? 0 fight+ = ! rights ( free labor4 ,at times x seem$1 h[ev]1 z if ,great ,brita9 or ,france w\ld int]f]e4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn ag5ts s5t to ,europe4 ,sid5ote3 ,remov$ f ! ,tr5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln's op9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,action ( ,great ,brita94 #dje4 ,! ,tr5t ,affair1 #ahfa4--;,z soon z ! blockade 0 e/abli%$1 ! ,briti% & ,fr5* gov]nm5ts gave ! ,conf$]ates ! same rights 9 _! ports z ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h4 ,! ,s\!rn]s !n s5t two ag5ts1 ,mason & ,slidell1 to ,europe to ask ! =eign gov]nm5ts to recognize ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,conf$]ate /ates4 ,capta9 ,wilkes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %ip ,san ,jac9to took ^! ag5ts f ! ,briti% /eam] ,tr5t4 ,b ,l9coln at once said t ,wilkes _h done to ! ,briti% ! v ?+ :i* we _h f\ght ! ,w> ( #ahab to prev5t ! ,briti% do+ to u4 ,we mu/ /ick to ,am]ican pr9ciples1 said ! ,presid5t1 & re/ore ! prison]s4 ,!y 7 giv5 up4 ,b ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 )\t wait+ to see :at ,l9coln w\ld d1 _h gone actively to "w to prep>e = w>4 ,?is seem$ s little fri5dly t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 greatly irritat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! w> p[]s ( ! ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln foll[s ,nor!rn s5tim5t4 #djf4 ,l9coln & ,slav]y4--,x w be rememb]$ t ! ,republican p>ty _h d5i$ aga9 & aga9 t x _h any int5tion to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,z long z peace la/$ ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t c\ld n int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,b :5 w> broke out1 ! ,presid5t1 z comm&]-9-*ief1 c\ld d any?+ to di/ress & weak5 ! enemy4 ,if free+ ! slaves 9 ! sec$$ /ates w\ld injure ! secessioni/s1 he _h a p]fect "r to d x4 ,b ,l9coln knew t public op9ion 9 ! ,nor? w\ld n approve ?is action4 ,he w\ld foll[ ,nor!rn s5tim5t 9 ?is matt]1 & n =ce x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! contrab&s4 #djg4 ,contrab&s ( ,w>4--he w> _h sc>cely begun be=e slaves escap$ into ! ,union l9es4 ,"o day a ,conf$]ate (fic] came to ,=tress ,monroe & dem&$ 8 runaway slaves "u ! ,fugitive ,slave ,act 7p4 #bha74 ,g5]al ,butl] refus$ to give !m up on ! gr\nd t !y 7 contrab& ( w>4 ,by t phrase he meant t _! re/oration w\ld be illegal z _! s]vices w\ld be useful to ! enemy4 ,presid5t ,l9coln approv$ ?is decision ( ,g5]al ,butl]1 & escap+ slaves soon came to be call$ ,contrab&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,w>-,,"t ,,envelope4 ,sid5ote3 ,abolition ) comp5sation4 #djh4 ,fir/ ,/eps t[>d ,emancipation1 #ahfb4--,l9coln & ! ,republican p>ty ?\ght t ,congress c\ld n int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! /ates4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 buy slaves & set !m free or help ! /ates to d ?is4 ,s ,congress pass$ a law (f]+ aid to any /ate :i* %\ld aboli% slav]y )9 its bord]s4 ,congress itself aboli%$ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ) comp5sation to ! own]s4 ,x aboli%$ slav]y 9 ! t]ritories )\t comp5sation4 ,l9coln _h gladly help$ to make ^! laws4 ,moreov]1 by ,augu/1 #ahfb1 he _h made up 8 m9d t to free ! slaves 9 ! sec$$ /ates w\ld help to save ! ,union & w\ld !re=e be "r z a w> measure4 ,= e negro tak5 away f =c$ labor w\ld weak5 ! produc+ p[] ( ! ,s\? & s make ! conque/ ( ! ,s\? easi]4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln's w>n+1 ,septemb]1 #ahfb4 ,sid5ote3 ,emancipation ,proclamation1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahfc4 ,higg9son1 #cjd-cje2 ,s\rce-,book1 #cae-cah1 #cbg-cbi4 #dji4 ,! ,emancipation ,proclamation1 #ahfc4--,on ,septemb] #bc1 #ahfb1 ,l9coln issu$ a proclamation /at+ t on ! fir/ day ( ! new ye> he w\ld decl>e free all slaves 9 any portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates !n 9 rebellion4 ,on ,janu>y #a1 #ahfc1 he issu$ ! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 ,?is proclamation c\ld be en=c$ only 9 ^? portions ( ! sec$$ /ates :i* 7 held by ! ,union armies4 ,x did n free slaves 9 loyal /ates & did n aboli% ! in/itution ( slav]y any:]e4 ,slav]y 0 aboli%$ by ! /ates ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,miss\ri1 & ,m>yl& betwe5 #ahfb & #ahfd4 ,f9ally1 9 #ahfe1 x 0 aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! adoption ( ! ,?irte5? ,am5dm5t 7p4 #cfa74 ,sid5ote3 ,nor!rn fri5ds ( secession4 ,sid5ote3 ,susp5sion ( habeas corpus4 #daj4 ,nor!rn ,opposition to ! ,w>4--,_m p]sons 9 ! ,nor? ?\ght t ! ,s\!rn]s _h a p]fect "r to sec$e if !y wi%$4 ,"s ( ^! p]sons sympa?iz$ s /rongly ) ! ,s\!rn]s t !y gave !m important in=mation & did all !y c\ld to prev5t ! success ( ! ,union =ces4 ,x 0 h>d to prove any?+ aga9/ ^! ,s\!rn sympa?iz]s1 b x 0 dang]\s to leave !m at lib]ty4 ,s ,l9coln ord]$ _m ( !m to be arre/$ & lock$ up4 ,n[ ! ,con/itution provides t e citiz5 %all h a spe$y trial4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! issu+ a writ ( habeas corpus1 compell+ ! jail] to br+ 8 prison] into c\rt & %[ cause :y he %\ld n be set at lib]ty4 ,l9coln n[ susp5d$ ! op]ation ( ! writ ( habeas corpus4 ,?is action ang]$ _m p]sons :o 7 q will+ t ! ,s\!rn]s %\ld be compell$ to obey ! law1 b did n l to h _! neighbors arre/$ & lock$ up )\t trial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,draft4 ,sid5ote3 ,! draft4 ,sid5ote3 ,riots 9 ! ,nor?4 #daa4 ,! ,draft ,riots4--,at ! outset bo? armies 7 made up ( volunte]s2 soon !re 7 n en\gh volunte]s4 ,bo? gov]nm5ts !n draft$ m5 = _! armies2 t is1 !y pick$ out by lot c]ta9 m5 & compell$ !m to become soldi]s4 ,! draft 0 bitt]ly resi/$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,nor?1 especially 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,*apt] #dj ,,! ,,ye> #ahfc ,sid5ote3 ,position ( ! armies4 #dab4 ,position ( ! ,armies1 ,janu>y1 #ahfc4--,! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 n[ "u ,hook]1 & ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia 7 face to face at ,fr$]icksburg on ! ,rappahannock4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,rosecrans 0 at ,murfreesboro'1 & ,bragg on ! way back to ,*attanooga4 ,9 ! ,mississippi ,valley ,grant & ,%]man _h already begun ! ,vicksburg campaign4 ,b z yet !y _h _h no success4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant's ,vicksburg ,campaign1 #ahfc4 ,h]o ,tales1 #bci-bdh4 #dac4 ,beg9n+s ( ! ,vicksburg ,campaign4--,vicksburg /ood on ! top ( a high bluff directly on ! riv]4 ,batt]ies erect$ at ! nor!rn end ( ! t[n comm&$ ! riv]1 :i* at t po9t ran directly t[>d ! bluff4 ,! be/ way to attack ?is =midable place 0 to proce$ ov]l& f ,cor9?4 ,?is ,grant tri$ to d4 ,b ! ,conf$]ates =c$ him back4 ,sid5ote3 ,siege ( ,vicksburg4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cbj-cbc4 ,sid5ote3 ,surr5d] ( ,vicksburg1 ,july #d1 #ahfc4 #dad4 ,fall ( ,vicksburg1 ,july #d1 #ahfc4--;,grant n[ c>ri$ 8 :ole army d[n ! ,mississippi4 ,= mon?s he tri$ plan aft] plan1 & e "t he fail$4 ,f9ally he m>*$ 8 army d[n on ! we/]n side ( ! riv]1 cross$ ! riv] bel[ ,vicksburg1 & approa*$ ! =tress f ! s\? & ea/4 ,9 ?is movem5t he 0 greatly aid$ by ! ,union fleet "u ,port]1 :i* protect$ ! army :ile cross+ ! riv]4 ,pemb]ton1 ! ,conf$]ate comm&]1 at once came out f ,vicksburg4 ,b ,grant drove him back & began ! siege ( ! t[n f ! l& side4 ,! ,conf$]ates made a gallant def5se4 ,b sl[ly & surely !y 7 />v$ into submission4 ,on ,july #d1 #ahfc1 ,pemb]ton surr5d]$ ! =tress & ?irty-sev5 ?\s& m54 ,sid5ote3 ,port ,hudson surr5d]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,op5+ ( ! ,mississippi4 #dae4 ,op5+ ( ! ,mississippi4--,port ,hudson1 betwe5 ,vicksburg & ,new ,orleans1 0 n[ ! only important ,conf$]ate position on ! ,mississippi4 ,on ,july #h x surr5d]$4 ,a few days lat] ! freight /eam] ,imp]ial f ,/4 ,l\is rea*$ ,new ,orleans4 ,! ,mississippi at la/ fl[$ unvex$ to ! sea4 ,! ,conf$]acy 0 cut 9 twa94 ,sid5ote3 ,*ancellorsville1 ,may1 #ahfc4 ,h]o ,tales1 #bac-bbc4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee invades ,p5nsylvania4 ,sid5ote3 ,meade 9 comm&4 #daf4 ,lee's ,second ,invasion1 #ahfc4--;,fight+ ,joe ,hook] 0 n[ 9 comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,outwitt+ ,lee1 he ga9$ ! re> ( ! ,conf$]ate l9es on ,m>ye's ,heights1 ,b ,lee fi]cely attack$ him at ,*ancellorsville & drove him back across ! ,rappahannock4 ,!n ,lee aga9 cross$ ! ,potomac & invad$ ! ,nor?4 ,?is "t he p5etrat$ to ! he>t ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,hook] mov$ on p>allel l9es1 always keep+ betwe5 ,lee & ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,at l5g?1 9 ! mid/ ( ! campaign1 ,hook] ask$ to be reliev$1 & ,george ,g4 ,meade became ! fif? & la/ *ief ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,battlefield ,,( ,,gettysburg1 ,,look+ ,,s\? ,,f ,,r\nd ,,top4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee retires4 ,sid5ote3 ,gettysburg1 ,july #a-c1 #ahfc4 #dag4 ,gettysburg1 ,july #a1 #ahfc4--,meade n[ mov$ ! ,union army t[>d ,lee's l9e ( communication ) ,virg9ia4 ,lee at once drew back4 ,bo? armies mov$ t[>d ,gettysburg1 :]e ! roads lead+ s\?w>d came toge!r4 ,9 ?is way ! two armies came into contact on ,july i1 #ahfc4 ,! ,s\!rn]s 7 9 /rong] =ce at ! mom5t & drove ! ,union soldi]s back ?r\gh ! t[n to ! high l& call$ ,cemet]y ,ridge4 ,?is 0 a rem>kably /rong position1 ) ,culp's ,hill at "o end ( ! l9e & ! ,r\nd ,tops at ! o!r end4 ,meade det]m9$ to fight ! battle at t spot & hurri$ up all 8 =ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map3 ,battle ( ,gettysburg4 ,sid5ote3 ,! second day4 #dah4 ,gettysburg1 ,july #b1 #ahfc4--;,at fir/ matt]s seem$ to g badly ) ! ,union army4 ,its left flank ext5d$ =w>d f ,little ,r\nd ,top into ! fields at ! foot ( ! ridge4 ,! ,conf$]ates drove back ?is "p ( ! ,union l9e4 ,b !y c\ld n seize ,little ,r\nd ,top4 ,on ?is day also ! ,conf$]ates ga9$ a foo?old on ,culp's ,hill4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ird day4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cbc-cbg4 ,sid5ote3 ,pickett's *>ge4 ,h]o ,tales1 #bbg-bcf4 ,sid5ote3 ,x fails4 ,sid5ote3 ,lee retreats1 ,july #d1 #ahfc4 #dai4 ,gettysburg1 ,july #c1 #ahfc4--;,e>ly on ?is morn+ ! ,union soldi]s drove ! ,conf$]ates away f ,culp's ,hill & held ! :ole ridge4 ,n[ aga91 z at ,malv]n ,hill 7p4 #cba71 ,lee _h f\ght ! ,army ( ! ,potomac to a /&/ill4 ,b he w\ld n admit failure4 ,l$ by ,pickett ( ,virg9ia1 ?irte5 ?\s& m5 *>g$ across ! valley betwe5 ! two armies directly at ! ,union c5t]4 ,"s ( !m ev5 p5etrat$ ! ,union l9es4 ,b !re ! l9e /opp$4 ,sl[ly x began to wav]4 ,!n back ! ,conf$]ates w5t--all :o escap$4 ,! battle ( ,gettysburg 0 won4 ,lee fac$ ! ,army ( ! ,potomac = ano!r day & !n retreat$4 ,9 ?is trem5d\s conflict ! ,conf$]ates lo/ tw5ty-two ?\s& five hundr$ m5 kill$ & w\nd$ & five ?\s& tak5 prison]s by ! ,nor!rn]s--a total loss ( tw5ty-eight ?\s& out ( eighty ?\s& 9 ! battle4 ,! ,union army numb]$ n9ety-?ree ?\s& m5 & lo/ tw5ty-?ree ?\s&1 kill$ & w\nd$4 ,vicksburg & ,gettysburg co/ ! ,s\? sixty-five ?\s& fight+ m5--a loss t c\ld n be made good4 ,we mu/ n[ turn to ea/]n ,t5nessee4 ,sid5ote3 ,rosecrans & ,bragg1 #ahfc4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ickamauga1 ,septemb]1 #ahfc4 ,sid5ote3 ,?omas & ,%]idan4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant 9 comm& 9 ! ,we/4 #dbj4 ,*ickamauga1 ,septemb]1 #ahfc4--;,= six mon?s aft] ,murfreesboro' 7p4 #cbf7 ,rosecrans & ,bragg rema9$ 9 _! camps4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahfc ,rosecrans1 by a s]ies ( skillful m>*+s1 =c$ ,bragg to ab&on ,*attanooga4 ,b ,bragg 0 n[ greatly /r5g!n$ by soldi]s f ! ,mississippi & by ,long/reet's division f ,lee's army 9 ,virg9ia4 ,he turn$ on ,rosecrans1 & attack$ him at ,*ickamauga ,creek4 ,! "r w+ ( ! ,union army 0 driv5 f ! field4 ,b ,?omas1 ! ,rock ( ,*ickamauga1 ) 8 m5 /ood fa/4 ,bragg attack$ him aga9 & aga91 & fail$ e "t1 al?\gh he _h d\ble ,?omas's numb]s4 ,rosecrans1 believ+ ! battle to be lo/1 _h ridd5 (f to ,*attanooga1 b ,%]idan aid$ ,?omas z well z he c\ld4 ,! ?ird day ,?omas & ,bragg kept _! positions1 & !n ! ,union soldi]s retir$ unpursu$ to ,*attanooga4 ,! comm& ( ! :ole army at ,*attanooga 0 n[ giv5 to ,?omas1 & ,grant 0 plac$ 9 control ( all ! ,we/]n armies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,?omas4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man's attack4 ,sid5ote3 ,hook]'s attack4 ,sid5ote3 ,?omas's attack4 ,sid5ote3 ,r\t ( ! ,conf$]ates1 ,novemb]1 #ahfc4 #dba4 ,*attanooga1 ,novemb]1 #ahfc4--,! ,union soldi]s at ,*attanooga 7 9 great dang]4 ,= ! ,conf$]ates 7 all ab\t !m & !y c\ld get no food4 ,b help 0 at h&4 ,hook]1 ) fifte5 ?\s& m5 f ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 arriv$ & op5$ a road by :i* food c\ld rea* ,*attanooga4 ,!n ,grant came ) ,%]man's corps f ,vicksburg4 ,he at once s5t ,%]man to assail ,bragg's "r flank & ord]$ ,hook] to attack 8 left flank4 ,%]man & 8 m5 advanc$ until he 0 /opp$ by a deep rav9e4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! l9e ,hook] f\ght "r up ! side ( ,look\t ,m\nta91 until ! battle rag$ above ! cl\ds4 ,9 ! c5t] 7 ,?omas's m54 ,eag] to av5ge ! slaught] ( ,*ickamauga1 !y c>ri$ ! fir/ ,conf$]ate l9e ( def5ses4 ,!n1 )\t ord]s1 !y ru%$ up ! hillside ov] ! inn] l9es4 ,!y drove ! ,s\!rn]s f _! guns & seiz$ _! works4 ,bragg retreat$ z well z he c\ld4 ,long/reet 0 besieg+ ,knoxville4 ,he escap$ ?r\gh ! m\nta9s to ,lee's army 9 ,virg9ia4 ,,*apt] #da ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,w>1 #ahfd-ahfe ,sid5ote3 ,grant 9 *ief comm&4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man comm&s 9 ! ,we/4 #dbb4 ,grant 9 ,comm& ( all ! ,armies4--,! ,vicksburg & ,*attanooga campaigns m>k$ out ,grant = ! *ief comm&4 ,hi!rto ! ,union =ces _h act$ on no well-?\ght-out plan4 ,n[ ,grant 0 appo9t$ ,lieut5ant ,g5]al & plac$ 9 comm& ( all ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,m>*1 #ahfd74 ,he decid$ to c>ry on ! w> 9 ,virg9ia 9 p]son4 ,we/]n op]ations he intru/$ to ,%]man1 ) ,?omas 9 comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,cumb]l&4 ,%]idan came ) ,grant to ,virg9ia & l$ ! cavalry ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,we w fir/ foll[ ,%]man & ,?omas & ! ,we/]n armies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,%]man4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man's army4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m>* to ,atlanta4 ,sid5ote3 ,hood attacks ,%]man4 #dbc4 ,! ,atlanta ,campaign1 #ahfd4--,%]man _h "o hundr$ ?\s& vet]ans1 l$ by ,?omas1 ,mc,pherson1 & ,s*(ield4 ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on1 :o succe$$ ,bragg1 _h few] m51 b he occupi$ /rongly =tifi$ positions4 ,yet week by week ,%]man =c$ him back till1 aft] two mon?s ( /eady fight+1 ,john/on f\nd himself 9 ! vic9ity ( ,atlanta4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ important manufactur+ c5t] 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! ,conf$]ates mu/ keep ,atlanta if !y possibly c\ld4 ,john/on pla9ly c\ld n /op ,%]man4 ,s ,hood 0 appo9t$ 9 8 place1 9 ! expectation t he w\ld fight4 ,hood f\ght 8 be/4 ,aga9 & aga9 he attack$ ,%]man only to be beat5 (f ) heavy loss4 ,he !n ab&on$ ,atlanta to save 8 army4 ,f ,may to ,septemb] ,%]man lo/ tw5ty-two ?\s& m51 b ! ,conf$]ates lo/ ?irty-five ?\s& m5 & ,atlanta too4 ,sid5ote3 ,problems ( w>4 ,sid5ote3 ,plan ( ! ,m>* to ! ,sea4 #dbd4 ,plans ( ,campaign4--,hood n[ l$ 8 army nor?w>d to ,t5nessee4 ,b ,%]man1 in/ead ( foll[+ him1 s5t only ,?omas & ,s*(ield4 ,%]man knew t ! ,conf$]acy 0 a m]e %ell4 ,its he>t _h be5 de/roy$4 ,:at w\ld be ! result ( a gr& m>* ?r\gh ,georgia to ! seacoa/1 & !n nor?w>d ?r\gh ! ,c>ol9as to ,virg9ia8 ,w\ld n ?is unoppos$ m>* %[ ! p ( ! ,nor?1 ( ! ,s\?1 & ( ,europe t fur!r resi/ance 0 useless8 ,%]man ?\ght t x w\ld1 & t once 9 ,virg9ia he c\ld help ,grant cru% ,lee4 ,grant agre$ ) ,%]man & told him to c>ry out 8 plans4 ,b fir/ we mu/ see :at happ5$ to ,?omas & ,hood4 ,sid5ote3 ,hood 9 ,t5nessee4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,frankl91 ,novemb]1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,?omas de/roys ,hood's army1 ,decemb]1 #ahfd4 #dbe4 ,?omas & ,hood1 #ahfd4--,nev] dream+ t ,%]man 0 n 9 pursuit1 ,hood m>*$ rapidly nor?w>d until he _h cross$ ! ,t5nessee4 ,he !n sp5t ?ree weeks 9 re/+ 8 tir$ soldi]s & 9 ga!r+ supplies4 ,?is delay gave ,?omas "t to draw 9 recruits4 ,at la/ ,hood attack$ ,s*(ield at ,frankl9 on ,novemb] #cj1 #ahfd4 ,s*(ield retreat$ to ,na%ville1 :]e ,?omas 0 ) ! bulk ( 8 army1 & ,hood foll[$4 ,?omas took all ! "t he ne$$ to complete 8 prep>ations4 ,grant felt anxi\s at 8 delay & ord]$ him to fight4 ,b ,?omas w\ld n fight until he 0 ready4 ,at l5g?1 on ,decemb] #ae1 he /ruck ! bl[1 & 9 two days ( fight+ de/roy$ ,hood's :ole army4 ,?is 0 ! la/ great battle 9 ! ,we/4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,m>* to ! ,sea1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,fall ( ,savannah1 ,decemb]1 #ahfd4 #dbf4 ,m>*+ ?r\gh ,georgia4--,de/roy+ ! mills & factories ( ,atlanta1 ,%]man set out = ! sea%ore4 ,he _h sixty ?\s& m5 ) him4 ,!y 7 all vet]ans & m>*$ along z if on a holiday excursion4 ,spread+ out ov] a l9e ( sixty miles1 !y ga!r$ ev]y?+ eatable )9 rea*4 ,e n[ & !n !y w\ld /op & de/roy a railroad4 ,?is !y did by tak+ up ! rails1 heat+ !m 9 ! middle on fires ( burn+ sleep]s1 & !n twi/+ !m ar\nd ! ne>e/ trees4 ,9 ?is way !y cut a gap sixty miles long 9 ! railroad communication betwe5 ! half-/>v$ army ( nor!rn ,virg9ia & ! /oreh\ses ( s\!rn ,georgia4 ,on ,decemb] #aj1 #ahfd1 ,%]man rea*$ ! sea4 ,t5 days lat] he captur$ ,savannah & pres5t$ x to ! nation z a ,*ri/mas gift4 ,%]man & ,?omas betwe5 !m _h /ruck a fe>ful bl[ at ! ,conf$]acy4 ,h[ _h x f>$ ) ,grant8 ,sid5ote3 ,grant's plan ( campaign1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to x4 #dbg4 ,grant 9 ,virg9ia1 #ahfd4--;,grant _h ) him 9 ,virg9ia ! ,army ( ! ,potomac "u ,meade1 ! ,n9? ,corps "u ,burnside1 & a great cavalry =ce "u ,%]idan4 ,9 addition ,g5]al ,butl] 0 on ! ,james ,riv] ) "s ?irty ?\s& m54 ,lee _h "u 8 ord]s ab\t "o-half z _m soldi]s z _h ,grant4 ,9 e o!r respect ! advantage 0 on 8 side4 ,grant's plan ( campaign 0 to move by 8 left f ! ,rappahannock s\!a/w>dly4 ,he expect$ to pu% ,lee s\?w>d & hop$ to de/roy 8 army4 ,butl]1 on 8 "p1 0 to move up ! ,james4 ,by ?is plan ,grant c\ld always be ne> navigable wat] & c\ld 9 ?is way easily supply 8 army ) food & milit>y /ores4 ,! great objection to ?is s*eme ( invasion 0 t x gave ,lee %ort] l9es ( m>* to all important po9ts4 ,?is fact & _! sup]ior k ( ! c\ntry gave ! ,conf$]ates an advantage :i* l>gely made up = _! lack 9 numb]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ! ,wild]ness1 ,may1 #ahfd4 #dbh4 ,! ,wild]ness1 ,may1 #ahfd4--,on ,may #d & #e ! ,union army cross$ ! ,rapidan & m>*$ s\?w>d ?r\gh ! ,wild]ness4 ,x soon f\nd itself v ne> ! sc5e ( ! disa/r\s battle ( ,*ancellorsville 7p4 #cce74 ,! woods 7 ?ick & full ( und]bru%4 ,cle>+s 7 few1 & ! roads 7 few] /ill4 ,on gr\nd l ?is ,lee attack$ ! ,union army4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 favor ( ! attack]1 = x 0 impossible to =esee 8 bl[s1 or to get m5 quickly to any ?reat5$ spot4 ,nev]!less ,grant f\ght f\r days4 ,!n he skillfully remov$ ! army & m>*$ by 8 left to ,spotsylvania ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,grant4 ,f a photograph tak5 9 ! field1 ,m>*1 #ahfe4 ,/rong1 simple1 sil5t1 444 su* 0 he ,:o help$ u 9 our ne$4--,,l[ell4 ,sid5ote3 ,spotsylvania1 ,may1 #ahfd4 #dbi4 ,spotsylvania1 ,may1 #ahfd4--,lee rea*$ ,spotsylvania fir/ & =tifi$ 8 position4 ,= days fe>ful combats w5t on4 ,"o po9t 9 ! ,conf$]ate l9e1 call$ ! ,sali5t1 0 tak5 & retak5 ov] & ov] aga94 ,! loss ( life 0 awful1 & ,grant c\ld n pu% ,lee back4 ,s on ,may #bj he aga9 set out on 8 m>* by ! left & direct$ 8 army to ! ,nor? ,anna4 ,b ,lee 0 aga9 be=e him & held su* a /rong position t x 0 useless to attack him4 ,sid5ote3 ,cold ,h>bor4 ,sid5ote3 ,blockade ( ,pet]sburg4 #dcj4 ,to ! ,james1 ,june1 #ahfd4--;,grant aga9 )drew 8 army & resum$ 8 s\?w>d m>*4 ,b :5 he rea*$ ,cold ,h>bor1 ,lee 0 aga9 /rongly =tifi$4 ,bo? armies 7 n[ on ! gr\nd ( ! ,p59sul> ,campaign4 ,= two weeks ,grant attack$ aga9 & aga94 ,!n on ,june #aa he took up 8 m>* = ! la/ "t4 ,on ,june #ae ! ,union soldi]s rea*$ ! banks ( ! ,james ,riv] bel[ ! junction ( ! ,appomattox4 ,b1 ow+ to "s misund]/&+1 ,pet]sburg _h n be5 seiz$4 ,s ,lee e/abli%$ himself !re1 & ! campaign took on ! =m ( a siege4 ,9 ^! campaigns f ! ,rapidan to ! ,james1 ,grant lo/ 9 kill$1 w\nd$1 & miss+ sixty ?\s& m54 ,lee's loss 0 mu* less--h[ mu* less is n kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,bomb ,,pro( ,,at ,,pet]sburg ,,z ,,x ,,appe>s ,,to-,,day ,,) ,,! ,,trees ,,gr[+ ,,on ,,! ,,brea/works4 ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( ,pet]sburg4 #dca4 ,pet]sburg1 ,june-,decemb]1 #ahfd4--,pet]sburg gu>d$ ! roads lead+ f ,ri*mond to ! ,s\?4 ,x 0 9 reality a "p ( ! def5ses ( ,ri*mond4 ,= if ^! roads pass$ out ( ,conf$]ate control1 ! ,conf$]ate capital w\ld h to be ab&on$4 ,x 0 necess>y = ,lee to keep ,pet]sburg4 ,grant1 on ! o!r h&1 wi%$ to ga9 ! roads s\? ( ,pet]sburg4 ,he l5g!n$ 8 l9e2 b ea* ext5sion 0 met by a simil> ext5sion ( ! ,conf$]ate l9e4 ,?is process c\ld n g on =ev]4 ,! ,conf$]acy 0 gett+ worn out4 ,no m m5 c\ld be s5t to ,lee4 ,soon] or lat] 8 l9e w\ld become s weak t ,grant c\ld break ?r\gh4 ,!n ,pet]sburg & ,ri*mond mu/ be ab&on$4 ,two ye>s be=e1 :5 ,ri*mond 0 ?reat5$ by ,mc,clellan1 ,lee _h secur$ ! removal ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac by a sudd5 movem5t t[>d ,wa%+ton 7p4 #cba74 ,he n[ deta*$ ,jubal ,e>ly ) a =midable =ce & s5t him ?r\gh ! ,%5&oah ,valley to ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g5]al ,,%]idan4 ,sid5ote3 ,conf$]ate attack on ,wa%+ton1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]idan 9 ! ,valley4 ,h]o ,tales1 #bfc-bij4 ,sid5ote3 ,conf$]ate disa/]1 ,octob]1 #ahfd4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln relect$1 ,novemb]1 #ahfd4 ,mc,master1 #dbe-dbf4 #dcb4 ,%]idan's ,valley ,campaigns1 #ahfd4--,! conditions n[ 7 v unlike ! conditions ( #ahfb4 ,n[1 ,grant 0 9 comm& in/ead ( ,mc,clellan or ,pope4 ,he controll$ ! movem5ts ( all ! armies )\t int]f]5ce f ,wa%+ton1 & he _h _m m m5 ?an ,lee4 ,)\t lett+ g 8 hold on ,pet]sburg1 ,grant s5t two army corps by wat] to ,wa%+ton4 ,e>ly 0 an able & active soldi]1 b he delay$ 8 attack on ,wa%+ton until soldi]s came f ! ,james4 ,he !n )drew to ! ,%5&oah ,valley4 ,grant n[ gave ,%]idan =ty ?\s& infantry & fifte5 ?\s& cavalry1 & s5t him to ! ,valley ) ord]s to drive ,e>ly out & to de/roy all supplies 9 ! ,valley :i* c\ld be us$ by ano!r ,s\!rn army4 ,spl5didly ,%]idan did 8 "w4 ,at "o "t1 :5 he 0 away1 ! ,conf$]ates surpris$ ! ,union army4 ,b1 he>+ ! ro> ( ! battle1 ,%]idan rode rapidly to ! front4 ,z he rode along1 ! fugitives turn$ back4 ,! ,conf$]ates1 surpris$ 9 _! turn1 7 swept f ! field & s5t :irl+ up ! ,valley 9 wild confusion 7,octob] #ai1 #ahfd74 ,!n ,%]idan de/roy$ ev]y?+ t c\ld be ( s]vice to ano!r invad+ army & rejo9$ ,grant at ,pet]sburg4 ,9 ! ,novemb] foll[+ ?is great feat ( arms1 ,l9coln 0 relect$ ,presid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,mobile ,bay1 #ahfd4 ,h]o ,tales1 #cjc-cbb4 ,sid5ote3 ,ke>s>ge & ,alabama4 #dcc4 ,! ,blockade & ! ,cruis]s1 #ahfc-fd4--,! blockade _h n[ become /rict] ?an ev]4 ,= by ,augu/1 #ahfd1 ,f>ragut _h c>ri$ 8 fleet into ,mobile ,bay & _h clos$ x to comm]ce4 ,%]man _h tak5 ,savannah4 ,e>ly 9 #ahfe ,*>le/on 0 ab&on$1 = ,%]man _h x at 8 m]cy1 & ,t]ry captur$ ,wilm+ton4 ,! ,s\? 0 n[ absolutely dep5d5t on its own res\rces1 & ! end c\ld n be f> (f4 ,on ! op5 sea1 ) ,engl&'s aid a few vessels flew ! ,conf$]ate flag4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! vessels 0 ! ,alabama4 ,%e 0 built 9 ,engl&1 arm$ ) ,engli% guns1 & l>gely mann$ by ,engli%m54 ,on ,june #ai1 #ahfd1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %ip ,ke>s>ge sank h] (f ,*]b\rg1 ,france4 ,engli%m5 7 also build+ two ironclad battle%ips = ! ,conf$]ates4 ,b ! ,am]ican m9i/] at ,london1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 said t if !y 7 all[$ to sail1 x w\ld be w>4 ,! ,engli% gov]nm5t !reupon b\ght ! vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,admiral ,,f>ragut4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]man's nor!rn m>*1 #ahfe4 #dcd4 ,%]man's ,m>* ?r\gh ! ,c>ol9as1 #ahfe4--;,e>ly 9 #ahfe ,%]man set out on ! wor/ "p ( 8 great m>*4 ,he n[ direct$ 8 /eps nor?w>d f ,savannah t[>d ,virg9ia4 ,! ,conf$]ates prep>$ to meet him4 ,b ,%]man set out be=e !y expect$ him1 & ?us ga9$ a cle> pa? = ! fir/ "p ( 8 j\rney4 ,joseph ,e4 ,john/on n[ took comm& ( ! =ces oppos$ to ,%]man & did ev]y?+ he c\ld to /op him4 ,at "o mom5t x seem$ z if he might succe$4 ,he almo/ cru%$ ! =w>d end ( ,%]man's army be=e ! re/ ( ! soldi]s c\ld be br\ght to its rescue4 ,b ,%]man's vet]ans 7 too old soldi]s to be easily defeat$4 ,!y fir/ beat back ! enemy 9 front1 & :5 ano!r =ce appe>$ 9 ! re> !y jump$ to ! o!r side ( _! field brea/works & defeat$ t =ce also4 ,night !n put an end to ! combat1 & by morn+ ! ,union =ce 0 too /rong to be attack$4 ,press+ on1 ,%]man rea*$ ,goldsboro' 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,!re he 0 jo9$ by ,t]ry f ,wilm+ton & by ,s*(ield f ,t5nessee4 ,%]man n[ 0 /rong en\gh to beat any ,conf$]ate army4 ,he mov$ to ,raleigh & completely cut ,lee's communications ) ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 ,april1 #ahfe4 ,sid5ote3 ,condition ( ,lee's army4 ,sid5ote3 ,higg9son1 #cag4 ,sid5ote3 ,surr5d] ( ! ,s\!rn armies1 ,april #ahfe4 ,s\rce-book1 #cbi-ccc4 #dce4 ,appomattox1 ,april1 #ahfe4--,! end ( ! ,conf$]acy 0 n[ pla9ly 9 sight4 ,lee's m5 7 />v+4 ,!y 7 con/antly des]t+ ei!r to g to ! aid ( _! p]i%+ families or to obta9 food f ! ,union army4 ,z soon z ! roads 7 fit = m>*+1 ,grant set 8 "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& m5 once m 9 motion4 ,8 object 0 to ga9 ! re> ( ,lee's army & to =ce him to ab&on ,pet]sburg4 ,a la/ despair+ attack on ! ,union c5t] only increas$ ,grant's vigor4 ,on ,april #a ,%]idan ) 8 cavalry & an infantry corps seiz$ ,five ,=ks 9 ! re> ( ,pet]sburg & c\ld n be driv5 away4 ,pet]sburg & ,ri*mond 7 ab&on$4 ,lee tri$ to escape to ! m\nta9s4 ,b n[ ! ,union soldi]s m>*$ fa/] ?an ! />v+ ,s\!rn]s4 ,%]idan1 out/ripp+ !m1 plac$ 8 m5 across _! pa? at ,appomattox ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,!re 0 no?+ left save surr5d]4 ,! soldi]s ( ! ,army ( ,nor!rn ,virg9ia1 n[ only ?irty-sev5 ?\s& /rong1 laid d[n _! arms1 ,april #i1 #ahfe4 ,soon ,john/on surr5d]$1 & ! rema9+ small isolat$ b&s ( ,conf$]ates 7 run d[n & captur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,murd] ( ,l9coln1 ,april #ad1 #ahfe4 ,higg9son1 #cbb-cbc2 ,s\rce-book1 #ccc-cce4 #dcf4 ,l9coln murd]$1 ,april #ad1 #ahfe4--,! national armies 7 victori\s4 ,presid5t ,l9coln1 nev] gr&] or wis] ?an 9 ! mom5t ( victory1 alone /ood betwe5 ! ,s\!rn p & ! ,nor!rn extremi/s clamor+ = v5geance4 ,on ! night ( ,april #ad he 0 murd]$ by a sympa?iz] ) slav]y & secession4 ,no "o old en\gh to rememb] ! morn+ ( ,april #ae1 #ahfe1 w ev] =get ! horror ar\s$ 9 ! ,nor? by ?is unholy murd]4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,l9coln _h be5 a p>ty lead]4 ,9 ! end ! simple gr&eur ( 8 nature _h won = him a place 9 ! he>ts ( ! ,am]ican p t no o!r man has ev] ga9$4 ,he 0 inde$ ! greate/ because ! mo/ typical ( ,am]icans4 ,vice-,presid5t ,&rew ,johnson1 a w> ,democrat f ,t5nessee1 became ,presid5t4 ,! vanqui%$ secessioni/s 7 soon to ta/e ! bitt] dregs ( ! cup ( defeat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mayor',s ,,(fice1 ,,april #ae?1 #ahfe1 ,dea? notice ( ,abraham ,l9coln ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,use maps con/antly :ile /udy+ ?is p]iod4 ,! maps provid$ 9 ,dodge's ,bird's-,eye ,view are admirably adapt$ to ?is purpose4 ,,*apt] #cg #chj4--;a4 ,:at did ,l9coln say ab\t ! ,union8 ,:at did he say ab\t slav]y8 ,:at oa? did ,l9coln take8 b4 ,0 8 inaugural conciliatory to ! ,s\?8 #cha1 #chb4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ,bu*anan's attempt to s5d supplies to ,=t ,sumt]8 b4 ,:y did ,l9coln in=m ! gov]nor ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ( 8 det]m9ation to succor ,=t ,sumt]8 c4 ,:at 0 ! effect on ,nor!rn op9ion ( ! attack on ,=t ,sumt]8 d4 ,c\ld ! ,s\!rn]s h done o!rwise ?an fire on ! flag8 #chc-che4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! ,virg9ians s divid$8 ,:at result$ f ?is division8 b4 ,:at 7 ! bord] /ates8 ,c\ld ^! /ates h be5 neutral8 c4 ,describe ! especial importance ( ,m>yl&4 d4 ,:at oa? _h ! (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army & navy tak58 ,did ,lee & o!r (fic]s :o resign$ necess>ily believe 9 ! "r ( secession8 ,give y\r reasons4 ,,*apt] #ch #chf1 #chg4--;a4 ,/ate ! advantages ( ! ,s\!rn]s f ! geographical po9t ( view4 b4 ,expla9 h[ riv]s 7 l9es ( def5se4 c4 ,describe c>efully ! plan ( ! ,bull ,run campaign4 d4 ,:y 0 ! ,%5&oah ,valley s important8 #chh-cij4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,mc,clellan plac$ 9 comm& ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac8 b4 ,( :at advantage to ! ,s\? 7 ! negroes8 c4 ,describe ! plan ( ! ,p59sul> ,campaign4 ,:at 0 ! great objection to x8 #cia4--;a4 ,describe ! ,m]rimac1 ! ,monitor4 ,comp>e !m ) ! ,congress4 b4 ,:at effect did ! ,monitor-,m]rimac fight h on ,mc,clellan's campaign8 #cib1 #cic4--;a ,describe ! ,p59sul> ,campaign4 ,:y 7 n m soldi]s s5t to ,mc,clellan8 b4 ,:at is meant by ! phrase *ange ( base8 c4 ,h[ did ,lee secure ! removal ( ,mc,clellan's army f ! ,james8 #cid1 #cie4--;a ,:y did ,lee invade ,m>yl&8 b4 ,describe ! battle ( ,antietam1 ( ,fr$]icksburg4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ea* ( ^! battles8 #cif1 #cig4--;a4 ,give an acc\nt ( ! e>ly life & tra9+ ( ,grant & ( ,?omas4 b4 ,:y 7 ! seizures ( ,cairo & ,paducah & ! battle ( ,mill ,spr+s important8 c4 ,:at is meant by ! phrase unconditional surr5d]8 #cih1 #cii4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ! importance to ! ,s\? ( ,new ,orleans & ! l[] ,mississippi4 b4 ,give an acc\nt ( ,f>ragut's e>ly life4 ,h[ did x fit him = ?is "w8 c4 ,describe ! op]ations aga9/ ,new ,orleans4 #djj4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ! plan ( ! campaign to ,cor9? ,:y 0 ,cor9? important8 b4 ,:at quality 9 ,grant 0 conspicu\s at ,%iloh8 #dja4--;a4 ,:at 0 ,bragg's object 9 invad+ ,k5tucky8 ,h[ f> did he succe$8 ,:y 0 ,*attanooga important8 ,,*apt] #ci #djb1 #djc4--;a4 ,:at is a blockade8 ,:at 0 ! effect ( ! blockade on ! ,s\?8 b4 ,_h sea p[] be5 9 ,s\!rn h&s1 c\ld ! ,union h be5 sav$8 c4 ,:y 0 ,*>le/on s difficult to capture8 7,comp>e ) ! ,revolution>y ,w>47 #dje1 #djf4--;a4 ,:at help did ! ,s\!rn]s hope to obta9 f ,great ,brita9 & ,france8 ,:y8 ,h[ 7 _! hopes disappo9t$8 b4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! action ( ! ,engli% mill op]atives8 c4 ,describe ! ,tr5t ,affair4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,l9coln's action8 ,did ! ,briti% gov]nm5t act wisely8 #djf1 #djg4--;a4 ,:at _h ! ,republican p>ty decl>$ ab\t slav]y 9 ! /ates8 ,:at _h ,l9coln said 9 8 inaugural8 b4 ,h[ _h ! w> alt]$ ,l9coln's p[] z ,presid5t8 c4 ,:y 0 x necess>y = ,l9coln to foll[ ,nor!rn s5tim5t8 d4 ,:at is contrab& ( w>8 ,h[ 7 ! slaves contrab&8 #djh1 #dji4--;a4 ,:at /eps _h already be5 tak5 by ,congress t[>d free+ ! slaves8 b4 ,h[ 0 ! ,emancipation ,proclamation ju/ifi$8 ,^u :at w\ld its en=cem5t dep5d8 c4 ,:at slave /ates 7 n affect$ by ?is proclamation8 d4 ,h[ 0 slav]y z an in/itution aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #daj1 #daa4--;a4 ,:y 0 n ! ,nor? unit$ ^u ?is w>8 b4 ,:at is ! =ce ( ! writ ( habeas corpus8 ,:y is x s important8 c4 ,:at 0 ! draft1 & :y 0 x necess>y8 ,,*apt] #dj #dab-dae4--;a4 ,expla9 ! position ( ! armies at ! beg9n+ ( #ahfc4 b4 ,:y 0 ! conque/ ( ,vicksburg s difficult8 ,h[ 0 x f9ally captur$8 c4 ,:at effect did ! control ( ! ,mississippi h ^u ! ,conf$]acy8 #daf4--;a4 ,:at 0 ,lee's object 9 invad+ ,p5nsylvania8 b4 ,:at position did ! ,union army keep z reg>ds ! ,conf$]ates8 #dag-dai4--;a4 ,describe ! battle-field ( ,gettysburg4 ,:y 0 ! battle s important8 b4 ,describe 9 detail ! pr9cipal ev5ts ( ea* day ( ! battle4 c4 ,le>n ,l9coln's ,gettysburg ,address4 ,h[ 0 ?is gr\nd hall[$8 ,:at 0 ! great task be=e ! p8 #dbj1 #dba4--;a4 ,describe ! battle ( ,*ickamauga4 ,review ,?omas's s]vices up to ?is "t4 b4 ,describe ! ?ree p>ts ( ! battle ( ,*attanooga4 ,,*apt] #da #dbb1 #dbc4--;a4 ,h[ _h ,grant %[n 8 fitness = high comm&8 ,0 x wise to h "o man 9 comm& ( all ! armies8 ,:y8 b4 ,review ,%]man's c>e] up to ?is "t4 ,:y did ,grant impose tru/ 9 him8 c4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ,hood's attacks8 #dbd-dbf4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! real object ( ,%]man's m>* to ! sea8 b4 ,describe ! de/ruction ( ,hood's army4 ,:at does x %[ z to ,?omas's ability8 c4 ,:at did ,%]man's army accompli% on its way to ! sea8 #dbg-dcj4--;a4 ,comp>e ! conditions ( ! two armies 9 ,virg9ia4 ,expla9 ! advantages ( ! ,conf$]ates4 b4 ,describe ! battle ( ! ,wild]ness1 not+ ! conditions favorable to ! ,conf$]ates4 c4 ,describe ! movem5t to ! ,james4 ,:at advantages _h ,grant n possess$ by ,mc,clellan8 #dca1 #dcb4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,pet]sburg important8 b4 ,h[ did ,lee try to compel ! )drawal ( ,grant8 ,:y did he n succe$8 c4 ,describe ,%]idan's "w 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley4 ,read a %ort acc\nt ( ,%]idan's c>e] to #ahfe1 & /ate 8 s]vices to ! ,union cause4 #dcc4--;a4 ,h[ _h ,%]man's victories affect$ ! blockade8 b4 ,:at aid _h ,great ,brita9 giv5 to ! ,conf$]ates8 ,:y did %e n give m assi/ance8 #dcd1 #dce4--;a4 ,h[ did ,%]man's occupation ( ,raleigh affect ,lee8 b4 ,describe ! condition ( ,lee's army4 ,h[ 0 its capture accompli%$8 #dcf4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,l9coln's dea? a t]rible loss to ! ,s\?8 b4 ,:y is he ! greate/ ( all ,am]icans8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,review ! /eps :i* l$ to ! w> = ! ,union4 b4 ,:at 7 ,l9coln's p]sonal views z to slav]y8 ,:y c\ld he n c>ry !m out8 c4 ,:at 7 ,l9coln's lead+ *>act]i/ics8 ,give illu/rations to support y\r view4 d4 ,/udy ,grant's milit>y c>e] & try to f9d out :y he succe$$ :]e o!rs fail$4 e4 ,arrange a table ( ! lead+ campaigns1 giv+ dates1 lead]s1 end to be atta9$1 important battles1 & result4 f4 ,give ! two mo/ important battles ( ! w>4 ,:y d y select ^!8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w4 a4 ,life 9 ,s\!rn prisons4 b4 ,! ,%5&oah ,valley 9 ! w>4 c4 ,any important battle or naval action1 or lead+ g5]al1 or naval comm&]4 d4 ,! "p play$ by y\r own /ate or t[n 9 ! w>1 or ! hi/ory ( "o ( y\r /ate regim5ts4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,tea*]s ,a few days sp5t ^u a /udy ( ! field ( w> w save a great deal ( "t4 ,*ann+'s ,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory w enable ! tea*] to indicate ! mo/ important /rategic po9ts4 ,maps h be5 sp>+ly provid$ 9 ?is book1 z ! simple plans 9 ,dodge's ,bird's-eye ,view c easily be reproduc$ on ! blackbo>d4 ,9 g5]al1 campaigns %\ld be /udi$ r ?an battles4 ,pictures relat+ to ?is p]iod are easily obta9able & may be freely us$4 ,x is an excell5t plan to ask "s vet]an to describe 8 exp]i5ces1 & ! local po/ ( ! ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic w (t5 l5d mat]ial aid 9 mak+ ! w> real to ! pupils4 ,grant's c>e] %\ld be especially /udi$1 & ! reasons = 8 successes c>efully not$4 ,inde$1 ! /udy ( ?is p]iod may well c5t] ar\nd ,l9coln & ,grant4 ,l9coln's inaugurals are too difficult to be /udi$ ?or\ghly4 ,b ! tea*] c easily select portions1 z ! la/ p>agraph ( ! second inaugural4 ,l9coln's ,gettysburg ,address %\ld be le>n$ by e pupil1 & 8 lett] to ,greeley 7,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory1 p4 #eci7 w ?r[ a flood ( light on ,l9coln's "*4 ,9 /udy+ ?is p]iod1 z well z o!r p]iods1 x is bett] to dwell on ! patriotism & h]oism ( our soldi]s1 sailors1 & /atesm5 ?an to po9t out _! mi/akes & p]sonal faults4 ,lit]ature is s ri* 9 ref]5ce to ?is "t t no?+ m ?an ! m5tion ( ! works ( ,l[ell1 ,:itti]1 ,holmes1 & ,longfell[ is ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,flag1 #aijj4 ,,xiv ,,recon/ruction ,,& ,,reunion1 #ahfe-ahhh ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,v2 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 *s4 xxx-xxxiii2 ,&rews's ,la/ ,qu>t]-,c5tury4 ,home ,read+s4--,hale's ,mr4 ,m]riam's ,s*ol>s4 ,,*apt] #db ,,presid5t ,,johnson ,,& ,,recon/ruction1 #ahfa-ahfi ,sid5ote3 ,position ( ! sec$$ /ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9coln's policy ( recon/ruction4 ,mc,master1 #dbg-dbh4 #dcg4 ,l9coln's ,recon/ruction ,policy4--,! great "q n[ be=e ! c\ntry 0 :at %\ld be done ) ! ,s\!rn /ates & p4 ,& :at %\ld be done ) ! fre$m58 ,on ^! que/ions p 7 n agre$4 ,"s p ?\ght t ! /ates 7 inde/ructible2 t !y c\ld n sec$e or get out ( ! ,union4 ,o!rs ?\ght t ! ,s\!rn /ates _h be5 conqu]$ & %\ld be treat$ z a "p ( ! national doma94 ,l9coln ?\ght t x 0 useless to g into ^! que/ions4 ,! ,s\!rn /ates 7 out ( ! prop] practical relations ) ! ,union4 ,t 0 cle> en\gh4 ,! ?+ to d1 !re=e1 0 to re/ore prop] practical relations z quickly & z quietly z possible4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahfc1 ,l9coln _h (f]$ a p>don to all p]sons1 ) "s exceptions1 :o %\ld take ! oa? ( allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & %\ld promise to support ! ,con/itution & ! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 ,:5ev] "o-t5? ( ! vot]s 9 any ( ! ,conf$]ate /ates %\ld d ^! ?+s1 & %\ld set up a republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,l9coln promis$ to recognize t gov]nm5t z ! /ate gov]nm5t4 ,b ! admission to ,congress ( ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives f su* a recon/ruct$ /ate w\ld re/ ) ,congress4 ,sev]al /ates 7 recon/ruct$ on ?is plan4 ,b public op9ion 0 oppos$ to ?is quiet reorganization ( ! sec$$ /ates4 ,! p tru/$ ,l9coln1 h[ev]1 & _h he liv$ he might h induc$ !m to accept 8 plan4 ,sid5ote3 ,&rew ,johnson ,presid5t1 #ahfe4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ideas on recon/ruction4 ,mc,master1 #dbh4 #dch4 ,presid5t ,johnson's ,recon/ruction ,plan4--,johnson 0 an able man & a patriot4 ,b he _h none ( ,l9coln's wise pati5ce4 ,he _h none ( ,l9coln's tact & humor 9 deal+ ) m54 ,on ! contr>y1 he always lo/ 8 temp] :5 oppos$4 ,al?\gh he 0 a ,s\!rn]1 he hat$ slav]y & slave own]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he _h a ,s\!rn]'s contempt = ! negroes4 ,he practically adopt$ ,l9coln's recon/ruction policy & tri$ to br+ ab\t ! reorganization ( ! sec$$ /ates by presid5tial action4 ,sid5ote3 ,=ce ( ,l9coln's ,emancipation ,proclamation4 ,sid5ote3 ,abolition ( slav]y1 #ahfe4 #dci4 ,! ,?irte5? ,am5dm5t1 #ahfe4--,presid5t ,l9coln's ,emancipation ,proclamation 7p4 #cca7 _h fre$ ! slaves 9 ^? /ates & p>ts ( /ates :i* 7 9 rebellion aga9/ ! national gov]nm5t4 ,x _h n fre$ ! slaves 9 ! loyal /ates4 ,x _h n de/roy$ slav]y z an in/itution4 ,any /ate c\ld ree/abli% slav]y :5ev] x *ose4 ,slav]y c\ld be prohibit$ only by an am5dm5t ( ! ,con/itution4 ,s ! ,?irte5? ,am5dm5t 0 adopt$1 ,decemb]1 #ahfe4 ,?is am5dm5t decl>es t nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 except z a puni%m5t = crime1 444 %all exi/ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any place subject to _! jurisdiction4 ,9 ?is way slav]y came to an end ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horse ,,c>4 ,sid5ote3 ,=c$ labor 9 ! ,s\?4 ,mc,master1 #dbi4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fre$m5's ,bureau4 ,s\rce-book1 #cci-cdb4 #ddj4 ,congress & ! ,presid5t1 #ahfe-ff4--,unhappily _m ( ! old slave /ates _h pass$ laws to compel ! negroes to "w4 ,!y _h introduc$ a sy/em ( =c$ labor :i* 0 ab\t ! same ?+ z slav]y4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahfe1 ! new ,congress met4 ,! ,republicans 7 9 ! majority4 ,!y refus$ to admit ! ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives f ! reorganiz$ ,s\!rn /ates & at once set to "w to pass laws = ! protection ( ! negroes4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahfe1 :ile ! w> 0 /ill go+ on1 & :ile ,l9coln 0 alive1 ,congress _h e/abli%$ ! ,fre$m5's ,bureau to look aft] ! int]e/s ( ! negroes4 ,congress n[ 7,febru>y1 #ahff7 pass$ a bill to cont9ue ! ,bureau & to give x mu* m p[]4 ,johnson promptly veto$ ! bill4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,july ,congress pass$ ano!r bill to cont9ue ! ,fre$m5's ,bureau4 ,9 ?is bill ! (fic]s ( ! ,bureau 7 giv5 greatly enl>g$ p[]s1 ! education ( ! blacks 0 provid$ =1 & ! army might be us$ to compel ob$i5ce to ! law4 ,johnson veto$ ?is bill also4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil ,rights ,bill1 #ahff4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is pass$ ov] ,johnson's veto4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t1 #ahff4 #dda4 ,! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4--,:ile ?is conte/ ov] ! ,fre$m5's ,bureau 0 go+ on1 ,congress pass$ ! ,civil ,rights ,bill to protect ! fre$m54 ,?is bill provid$ t cases conc]n+ ! civil rights ( ! fre$m5 %\ld be he>d 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts in/ead ( 9 ! /ate c\rts4 ,johnson ?\ght t ,congress _h no p[] to d ?is4 ,he veto$ ! bill1 & ,congress pass$ x ov] 8 veto4 ,congress !n drew up ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,?is =bade ! /ates to abridge ! rights ( ! citiz5s1 :ite or black4 ,x fur!r provid$ t ! repres5tation ( any /ate 9 ,congress %\ld be dim9i%$ :5ev] x d5i$ ! fran*ise to any "o except = tak+ "p 9 rebellion4 ,f9ally x gu>ante$ ! debt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & decl>$ all debts incurr$ 9 support ( rebellion null & void4 ,e ,s\!rn /ate except ,t5nessee refus$ to accept ?is am5dm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rew ,,johnson4 ,sid5ote3 ,elections ( #ahff4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act1 #ahfg4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,recon/ruction ,acts1 #ahfg4 ,sid5ote3 ,process ( recon/ruction4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cdd-cdf4 #ddb4 ,! ,recon/ruction ,acts1 #ahfg4--,! ,congressional elections ( ,novemb]1 #ahff1 7 greatly 9 favor ( ! ,republicans4 ,! ,republican memb]s ( ,congress felt t ?is %[$ t ! ,nor? 0 ) !m 9 _! policy z to recon/ruction4 ,congress met 9 ,decemb]1 #ahff1 & at once set to "w to c>ry out ?is policy4 ,fir/ ( all x pass$ ! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act to prev5t ,johnson dismiss+ ,republicans f (fice4 ,!n x pass$ ! ,recon/ruction ,act4 ,johnson veto$ bo? ( ^! measures1 & ,congress pass$ !m bo? ov] 8 veto4 ,! ,recon/ruction ,act 0 lat] am5d$ & /r5g!n$4 ,x w be well to describe "h ! process ( recon/ruction 9 its f9al =m4 ,fir/ ( all ! sec$$ /ates1 ) ! exception ( ,t5nessee1 7 =m$ into milit>y di/ricts4 ,ea* di/rict 0 rul$ by a milit>y (fic] :o _h soldi]s to c>ry out 8 directions4 ,t5nessee 0 n includ$ 9 ?is arrangem5t1 because x _h accept$ ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,b all ! o!r /ates1 :i* _h be5 recon/ruct$ by ,l9coln or by ,johnson1 7 to be recon/ruct$ ov] aga94 ,! fran*ise 0 giv5 to all m51 :ite or black1 :o _h liv$ 9 any /ate = "o ye>--except+ crim9als & p]sons :o _h tak5 "p 9 rebellion4 ,?is exception took ! fran*ise away f ! old rul]s ( ! ,s\?4 ,^! new vot]s c\ld =m a /ate con/itution & elect a legislature :i* %\ld ratify ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,:5 all ?is _h be5 done1 ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives f ! recon/ruct$ /ate might be admitt$ to ,congress4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>ges aga9/ ,johnson4 ,sid5ote3 ,he is impea*$4 ,sid5ote3 ,b n convict$4 #ddc4 ,impea*m5t ( ,johnson1 #ahfh4--,presid5t ,johnson _h veto$ all ^! bills4 ,he _h decl>$ t ! ,congress 0 a ,congress ( only a "p ( ! /ates1 because ,repres5tatives f ! /ates recon/ruct$ accord+ to 8 ideas 7 n admitt$4 ,he _h us$ language t[>d 8 oppon5ts t 0 fairly describ$ z indec5t & unbecom+ ! *ief (fic] ( a great nation4 ,especially he _h refus$ to be b\nd by ! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act4 ,ev] s9ce ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t ! ,presid5ts _h remov$ (fic]s :5 !y saw fit4 ,! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act requir$ ! cons5t ( ! ,s5ate to removals z well z to appo9tm5ts4 ,among ! memb]s ( ,l9coln's cab9et :o 7 /ill 9 (fice 0 ,edw9 ,m4 ,/anton4 ,johnson remov$ him1 & ?is br\ght on ! crisis4 ,! ,h\se impea*$ ! ,presid5t4 ,! ,s5ate1 presid$ ov] by ,*ief ,ju/ice ,*ase1 he>d ! impea*m5t4 ,! ,con/itution requires ! votes ( two-?irds ( ! ,s5ators to convict4 ,sev5 ,republicans vot$ ) ! ,democrats aga9/ conviction1 & ! ,presid5t 0 acquitt$ by "o vote4 ,sid5ote3 ,napoleon's plans4 ,sid5ote3 ,action ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,)drawal ( ! ,fr5*1 #ahfh4 #ddd4 ,! ,fr5* 9 ,mexico4--,napoleon ,,iii1 ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*1 seiz$ ! occasion ( ! ,civil ,w> to set ! ,monroe ,doctr9e at defiance & to ref\nd a ,fr5* colonial empire 9 ,am]ica4 ,at "o "t1 inde$1 he seem$ to be on ! po9t ( int]f]+1 to compel ! ,union gov]nm5t to )draw its armies f ! ,conf$]ate /ates4 ,!n ,napoleon _h an idea t p]haps ,texas might sec$e f ! ,conf$]acy & set up = itself "u ,fr5* protection4 ,?is fail+1 he began ! e/abli%m5t ( an empire 9 ,mexico ) ! ,au/rian pr9ce1 ,maximilian1 z ,emp]or4 ,! end+ ( ! ,civil ,w> made x possible = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to int]f]e4 ,grant & ,%]idan w\ld gladly h m>*$ troops into ,mexico & turn$ out ! ,fr5*1 b ,sew>d said t ! ,fr5* w\ld h to leave be=e long anyway4 ,he ha/5$ _! go+ by tell+ ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t t ! soon] !y left ! bett]4 ,!y 7 )drawn 9 #ahfh4 ,maximilian insi/$ on /ay+4 ,he 0 captur$ by ! ,mexicans & %ot4 ,! ,mexican ,republic 0 ree/abli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pur*ase ( ,alaska1 #ahfg4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fur seals4 ,sid5ote3 ,b\nd>y controv]sy4 #dde4 ,! ,pur*ase ( ,alaska1 #ahfg4--;,9 #ahfg ,presid5t ,johnson s5t to ! ,s5ate1 = ratification1 a treaty ) ,russia = ! pur*ase ( ,russia's ,am]ican possessions4 ,^! 7 call$ ,alaska1 & includ$ an imm5se tract ( l& 9 ! extreme ,nor?we/4 ,! price to be paid 0 sev5 million doll>s4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is pur*ase is /ill little kn[n4 ,! ,s5ate 0 completely tak5 by surprise1 b x ratifi$ ! treaty4 ,until rec5t ye>s ! only important product ( ,alaska has be5 ! sk9s ( ! fur seals4 ,to pres]ve ! seal h]ds f ext9ction1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates made rules limit+ ! numb] ( seals to be kill$ 9 any "o ye>4 ,! ,canadians 7 n b\nd by ^! rules1 & ! h]ds h be5 ne>ly de/roy$4 ,9 rec5t ye>s l>ge deposits ( gold h be5 f\nd 9 ,alaska & 9 neighbor+ portions ( ,canada4 ,b ! ,canadian deposits are h>d to rea* )\t fir/ go+ ?r\gh ,alaska4 ,?is fact has made x m difficult to agree ) ,great ,brita9 z to ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,alaska & ,canada4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant nom9at$ = ! presid5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,democrats4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant elect$1 #ahfh4 #ddf4 ,grant elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahfh4--,! excitem5t ov] recon/ruction & ! bitt] conte/ betwe5 ! ,republicans 9 ,congress & ! ,presid5t _h br\ght ab\t great confusion 9 politics4 ,! ,democrats nom9at$ ,g5]al ,f4 ,p4 ,blair1 a gallant soldi]1 = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,= ,presid5t !y nom9at$ ,horatio ,seym\r ( ,new ,york4 ,he 0 a ,peace ,democrat4 ,z gov]nor ( ,new ,york dur+ ! w> he _h refus$ to support ! national gov]nm5t4 ,! ,republicans nom9at$ ,g5]al ,grant4 ,he receiv$ ?ree hundr$ ?\s& m votes ?an ,seym\r4 ,( ! two hundr$ & n9ety-f\r electoral votes1 ,grant receiv$ two hundr$ & fifte54 ,,*apt] #dc ,,f ,,grant ,,to ,,clevel&1 #ahfi-ahhi ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t1 #ahgj4 #ddg4 ,! ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t4--,9 ,febru>y1 #ahfi1 j be=e ,grant's inauguration1 ,congress propos$ /ill ano!r am5dm5t1 provid+ t nei!r ! ,unit$ ,/ates nor any /ate c\ld abridge ! rights ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or previ\s condition ( s]vitude4 ,! /ate legislatures ha/5$ to accept ?is am5dm5t1 & x 0 decl>$ 9 =ce 9 ,m>*1 #ahgj4 ,sid5ote3 ,progress ( recon/ruction4 ,sid5ote3 ,reunion1 #ahgj4 #ddh4 ,end ( ,recon/ruction4--,?ree /ates only 7 /ill unrecon/ruct$4 ,^! 7 ,virg9ia1 ,texas1 & ,mississippi4 ,9 #ahfi ,congress add$ to ! conditions on :i* !y c\ld be readmitt$ to ! ,union ! acceptance ( ! ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,e>ly 9 #ahgj !y all compli$ ) ! conditions & 7 readmitt$4 ,! ,union 0 n[ aga9 complete4 ,s9ce #ahfj f\r /ates _h be5 add$ to ! ,union4 ,^! 7 ,kansas1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,nevada1 & ,nebraska4 ,!re 7 n[ ?irty-sev5 /ates 9 all4 ,sid5ote3 ,! c>petbagg]s4 ,mc,master1 #dci-dad4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ku-,klux-,klan4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,=ce ,acts4 #ddi4 ,! ,s\!rn]s & ! ,negroes4--,! fir/ result ( ! ,congressional plan ( recon/ruction 0 to give ! control ( ! ,s\!rn /ates to ! fre$m5 & _! :ite allies4 ,"s ( ^! :ite fri5ds ( ! fre$m5 7 m5 ( "* & ability1 b mo/ ( !m 7 adv5tur]s :o came f ! ,nor? to make _! =tunes4 ,!y 7 call$ ! c>petbagg]s1 because !y usually c>ri$ _! luggage 9 _! h&s4 ,! few ,s\!rn :ites :o befri5d$ ! negroes 7 call$ scalawags by _! :ite neighbors4 ,secret societies sprang into be+4 ,! mo/ fam\s 0 ! ,ku-,klux-,klan4 ,! object ( ^! societies 0 to t]rorize ! fre$m5 & _! :ite fri5ds & to prev5t _! vot+4 ,?is l$ to ! passage ( ! ,=ce ,acts4 ,^! laws provid$ sev]e p5alties = crimes ( intimidation4 ,!y also provid$ t ^! cases %\ld be tri$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts4 ,f$]al soldi]s1 /ation$ 9 ! ,s\?1 c\ld be us$ to compel ob$i5ce to ! law4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ) ,great ,brita94 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton1 #ahga4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cee-ceh4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,g5eva ,aw>d4 #dej4 ,! ,alabama ,claims4--,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> vessels built 9 ,briti% %ipy>ds1 or refitt$ & suppli$ ) coal at ,briti% ports1 _h prey$ ^u ,am]ican comm]ce4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ^! vessels 0 ! ,alabama4 ,! claims = losses caus$ by ^! vessels :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates pres5t$ to ,great ,brita9 7 !re=e call$ ! ,alabama ,claims4 ,!re also 7 disputes ) ,great ,brita9 ov] ! fi%]ies & ov] ! we/]n end ( ! ,oregon b\nd>y4 ,9 #ahga ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita9 made an arrangem5t call$ ! ,treaty ( ,wa%+ton4 ,by ?is treaty all ^! po9ts ( dispute 7 ref]r$ to arbitration4 ,! ,oregon b\nd>y 0 decid$ 9 favor ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! fi%]y dispute 0 decid$ 9 favor ( ,great ,brita94 ,! ,alabama ,claims 7 settl$ by five arbitrators :o sat at ,g5eva 9 ,switz]l&4 ,!y decid$ t ,great ,brita9 _h n us$ due dilig5ce to prev5t ! abuse ( h] ports by ! ,conf$]ates4 ,!y condemn$ h] to pay fifte5 & "o-half million doll>s damages to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*icago fire1 #ahga4 #dea4 ,! ,*icago ,fire1 #ahga4--;,e>ly "o morn+ 9 ,octob]1 #ahga1 a ,*icago woman w5t to ! b>n to milk h] c[4 ,%e c>ri$ a light$ k]os5e lamp1 = x 0 /ill d>k4 ,! c[ kick$ ov] ! lamp4 ,! b>n 0 soon ablaze4 ,a furi\s gale c>ri$ ! burn+ sp>ks f "o h\se to ano!r4 ,& s ! fire w5t on spread+ all t day & night & ! next day4 ,ne>ly two hundr$ million doll>s' wor? ( prop]ty 0 de/roy$4 ,! homes ( ne>ly "o hundr$ ?\s& p]sons 7 burn$ d[n4 ,9 a surpris+ly %ort "t ! burnt di/rict 0 rebuilt1 & ,*icago grew m rapidly ?an ev] be=e4 ,sid5ote3 ,r+s4 ,s\rce-,book1 #ceb-cee4 ,sid5ote3 ,brib]y4 #deb4 ,corruption 9 ,politics4--,new ,york ,city _h no two hundr$ million doll> fire4 ,b a r+ ( city (fic]s /ole m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty million doll>s ( ! city's money4 ,9 o!r cities also !re 0 great corruption4 ,nor 7 ! /ate gov]nm5ts free f brib]y & ?iev+4 ,_m (fic]s 9 ! national gov]nm5t 7 believ$ to be mix$ up 9 s*emes to defraud ! p4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] 0 t ! ,civil ,w> _h left beh9d x ! habit ( sp5d+ money freely4 ,a desire to gr[ sudd5ly ri* possess$ ! p4 ,m5 did n look closely to see :]e _! money came f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*icago ,,9 #ahcb4 ,sid5ote3 ,objections to ,grant4 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]al ,republicans4 ,sid5ote3 ,horace ,greeley4 ,sid5ote3 ,grant relect$1 #ahgb4 #dec4 ,election ( #ahgb4--;,9 fact1 ?is condition ( ! public s]vice made _m p]sons d\btful ( ! wisdom ( relect+ ,presid5t ,grant4 ,!re 0 n ! slighte/ d\bt z to ,grant's p]sonal hone/y4 ,!re 7 grave d\bts z to 8 judgm5t 9 mak+ appo9tm5ts4 ,recon/ruction1 too1 did n seem to be re/or+ peace & prosp]ity to ! ,s\?4 ,= ^! reasons _m vot]s left ! ,republican p>ty4 ,!y call$ !mselves ,lib]al ,republicans & nom9at$ ,horace ,greeley = ,presid5t4 ,he _h be5 "o ( ! mo/ outspok5 oppon5ts ( slav]y4 ,! ,democrats c\ld f9d no bett] c&idate1 s !y1 too1 nom9at$ ,greeley4 ,b _m ,democrats c\ld n br+ !mselves to vote = him4 ,!y left _! p>ty = ! mom5t & nom9at$ a ?ird c&idate4 ,! result ( all ?is confusion 0 ! relection ( ,grant4 ,b ! ,democrats elect$ a majority ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,mod]n ,,*icago4 ,sid5ote3 ,rebellion 9 ,cuba1 #ahfg4 ,sid5ote3 ,spani% cruelty4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,virg9ius affair4 ,sid5ote3 ,spani% promises end rebellion1 #ahgg4 #ded4 ,! ,cuban ,rebellion1 #ahfg-gg4--,:5 ! o!r ,spani%-,am]ican colonies won _! indep5d5ce 7p4 #bbc71 ,cuba rema9$ true to ,spa94 ,b by #ahfg ! ,cubans c\ld no long] be> ! h>d%ips ( ,spani% rule4 ,!y rebell$ & = t5 ye>s f\ght = fre$om4 ,! ,spani>ds burn$ :ole villages because !y ?\ght ! inhabitants favor$ ! rebels4 ,!y ev5 ?reat5$ to kill all ,cuban m5 f\nd away f _! homes4 ,?is cruelty ar\s$ ! sympa?y ( ! ,am]icans4 ,exp$itions sail$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to help ! ,cubans1 al?\gh ! gov]nm5t did ev]y?+ x c\ld to prev5t _! dep>ture4 ,"o ( ^! vessels c>ry+ aid to ! ,cubans 0 nam$ ! ,virg9ius4 ,! ,spani>ds captur$ h]1 c>ri$ h] to ,santiago1 & kill$ =ty-six ( h] crew4 ,!re came ne> be+ a w> ) ,spa9 ov] ?is affair4 ,b ! ,spani>ds apologiz$ & salut$ ! ,am]ican flag4 ,9 #ahgg ,presid5t ,grant made up 8 m9d t ! w> _h la/$ long en\gh4 ,he adopt$ a sev]e tone t[>d ,spa94 ,! ,spani% gov]nm5t made t]ms ) ! rebels1 & ! rebellion came to an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cr$it ,mobili]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,:iskey ,r+4 #dee4 ,sc&als 9 ,political ,life4--,9 #ahgb ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives made a se>*+ inquiry into ! *>ges ( brib]y 9 connection ) ! build+ ( ! ,pacific railroads4 ,oakes ,ames ( ,massa*usetts 0 ! head ( a company call$ ! ,cr$it ,mobili]4 ,?is company _h be5 =m$ to build ! ,union ,pacific ,railway4 ,fe>+ t ,congress w\ld pass laws t might hurt ! ent]prise1 ,ames gave /ock 9 ! company to memb]s ( ,congress4 ,b no?+ def9ite c\ld be prov$ aga9/ any memb]s1 & ! matt] dropp$4 ,soon aft] ! beg9n+ ( ,grant's second t]m1 _m evil ?+s came to light4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,:iskey ,r+1 :i* defraud$ ! gov]nm5t ( l>ge sums ( money ) ! aid ( ! gov]nm5t (ficials4 ,grant wi%$ to h a ?or\gh inve/igation1 & said1 ,let no guilty man escape4 ,! wor/ case ( all1 p]haps1 0 t ( ,w4 ,w4 ,belknap1 ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,b he escap$ puni%m5t by resign+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,mississippi ,,riv] ,,cotton ,,/eam]4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure ( recon/ruction4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cdi-cea4 #def4 ,an>*y 9 ! ,s\?4--,meantime recon/ruction 0 n work+ well 9 ! ,s\?4 ,?is 0 especially true ( ,l\isiana1 ,arkansas1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 ,l\isiana1 & 9 ,arkansas also1 !re 7 two sets ( gov]nors & legislatures1 & civil w> on a small scale 0 go+ on4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ! c>petbagg]s & ! negroes _h ga9$ control4 ,!y /ole "r & left4 ,9 o!r ,s\!rn /ates !re 7 cont9u$ outrages on ! negroes4 ,presid5t ,grant 0 greatly tr\bl$4 ,let u h peace1 0 8 he>tfelt wi%4 ,b he felt x necess>y to keep ,f$]al soldi]s 9 ! ,s\?1 al?\gh he knew t public op9ion 9 ! ,nor? 0 turn+ aga9/ _! employm5t4 ,x 0 "u ^! circum/ances t ! election ( #ahgf 0 held4 ,sid5ote3 ,election ( #ahgf4 ,higg9son1 #cca-ccd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! electoral commission4 ,sid5ote3 ,hayes inaugurat$1 #ahgg4 #deg4 ,election ( #ahgf4--,! ,republican c&idate 0 ,ru!r=d ,b4 ,hayes ( ,ohio4 ,he 0 a gallant soldi] ( ! ,civil ,w>1 & 0 a man ( ! highe/ p]sonal "*4 ,8 ,democratic oppon5t 0 ,samuel ,j4 ,tild5 ( ,new ,york--a %rewd lawy] :o _h won di/9ction z gov]nor ( ! ,empire ,/ate4 ,:5 ! electoral returns 7 br\ght 91 !re appe>$ two sets ( returns f ea* ( ?ree ,s\!rn /ates1 & ! vote ( ,oregon 0 d\btful4 ,! ,s5ate 0 ,republican1 & ! ,h\se 0 ,democratic4 ,z ! two h\ses c\ld n agree z to h[ ^! returns %\ld be c\nt$1 !y ref]r$ ! :ole matt] to an electoral commission4 ,?is commission 0 made up ( five ,s5ators1 five ,repres5tatives1 & five ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,eight ( !m 7 ,republicans & sev5 7 ,democrats4 ,!y decid$ by eight sev5 t ,hayes 0 elect$1 & he 0 inaugurat$ ,presid5t on ,m>* #d1 #ahgg4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!rn politics ,higg9son1 #ccd-cce4 ,sid5ote3 ,troops )drawn4 #deh4 ,)drawal ( ! ,soldi]s f ! ,s\?4--,! ,p ( ! ,nor? 7 we>y ( ! ceaseless political agitation 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! old ,s\!rn lead]s _h rega9$ control ( ne>ly all ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,!y c\ld n be turn$ out except by a new civil w>1 & ! ,nor!rn p 7 n will+ to g to w> aga94 ,! only o!r ?+ t c\ld be done 0 to )draw ! ,f$]al soldi]s & let ! ,s\!rn p "w out _! own salvation z well z !y c\ld4 ,presid5t ,hayes recall$ ! troops1 & all ! ,s\!rn /ates at once pass$ into ! control ( ! ,democrats4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ru9s ,,aft] ,,! ,,pittsburgh ,,riots4 ,sid5ote3 ,panic & h>d times4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pittsburgh riots1 #ahgg4 #dei4 ,/rikes & ,riots1 #ahgg4--,! extravagance & speculation ( ! ,civil ,w>1 & ! ye>s foll[+ its close1 end$ 9 a great panic 9 #ahgc4 ,aft] ! panic came ! h>d times4 ,production fell (f4 ,! dem& = labor dim9i%$4 ,wages 7 ev]y:]e r$uc$4 ,/rikes became frequ5t1 & riots foll[$ ! /rikes4 ,at ,pittsburg1 9 we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 ! riot]s seiz$ ! railroad4 ,!y burn$ hundr$s ( railroad c>s & locomotives4 ,!y de/roy$ ! railroad build+s4 ,at la/ ! riot came to an end1 b n until millions ( doll>s' wor? ( prop]ty _h be5 de/roy$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/alw>t ,republicans4 ,sid5ote3 ,g>field elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahhj4 #dfj4 ,election ( #ahhj4--;,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 adm9i/ration ,hayes _h decl>$ t he w\ld n be a c&idate = relection4 ,:o %\ld be ! ,republican /&>d be>]8 ,grant's fri5ds propos$ to nom9ate him = a ?ird t]m4 ,! politicians :o advocat$ a ?ird t]m = ,grant 7 oppos$ to ! c&idacy ( ,james ,g4 ,bla9e4 ,!y 7 call$ ! ,/alw>t ,republicans4 ,9 ! conv5tion !y vot$ /eadily & solidly = ,grant4 ,f9ally _! oppon5ts1 ) ! cry ( ,any?+ to beat ,grant1 sudd5ly turn$ to an entirely new man1 ^: "n _h be5 little m5tion$4 ,?is 0 ,james ,a4 ,g>field ( ,ohio4 ,he _h won di/9ction 9 ! ,civil ,w> & _h s]v$ ) cr$it 9 ,congress4 ,= ,vice-,presid5t ! ,republicans nom9at$ ,*e/] ,a4 ,ar?ur1 a ,new ,york bank]4 ,! ,democrats1 on _! "p1 nom9at$ "o ( ! mo/ brilliant & popul> soldi]s ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 ,g5]al ,w9field ,scott ,hancock4 ,! campaign 0 v hotly conte/$4 ,9 ! end ,g>field won4 ,sid5ote3 ,g>field murd]$1 #ahha4 ,sid5ote3 ,presid5t ,ar?ur4 ,sid5ote3 ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m4 ,s\rce-,book1 #cfc-cfe4 #dfa4 ,g>field murd]$2 ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m4--,presid5t ,g>field took ! oa? ( (fice on ,m>* #d1 #ahha4 ,on ,july #b he 0 %ot 9 ! back by a disappo9t$ (fice-seek]4 ,week aft] week he endur$ t]rible agony4 ,at l5g?1 on ,septemb] #ai1 ! m>tyr$ ,presid5t di$4 ,n[ at la/ ! evils ( ! ,spoils ,sy/em 7 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,vice-,presid5t ,ar?ur became ,presid5t & ent]$ he>tily into projects ( re=m4 ,a beg9n+ 0 soon made4 ,b x 0 f\nd to be a v difficult ?+ to br+ ab\t any la/+ re=m4 ,! ,con/itution gives ! ,presid5t ! appo9tm5t ( (fic]s1 subject to ! confirmation ( ! ,s5ate4 ,no act ( ,congress c dim9i% ! con/itutional p[]s ( ! ,presid5t except s f> z he cons5ts1 & "o ,presid5t _c b9d succe$+ ,presid5ts4 ,any s*eme ( re=m also co/s money1 :i* mu/ be vot$ annually by ,congress4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ! cons5t ( e ,presid5t & ( bo? ,h\ses ( e ,congress is necess>y to make ! re=m ( ! civil s]vice p]man5t4 ,nev]!less ! re=m has made /eady progress until n[ by f> ! great] "p ( ! civil s]vice is organiz$ on ! m]it sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,j4,g4 ,bla9e ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mugwumps4 ,sid5ote3 ,grov] ,clevel&4 ,sid5ote3 ,clevel& elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahhd4 ,sid5ote3 ,t>iff re=m4 #dfb4 ,election ( #ahhd4--;,9 #ahhd ! ,republicans nom9at$ ,james ,g4 ,bla9e ( ,ma9e = ,presid5t4 ,he 0 a man ( magnetic address & _h made _m fri5ds1 b he also _h made _m enemies4 ,especially _m ,republican vot]s di/ru/$ him4 ,!y felt t he _h us$ 8 position = private ga91 al?\gh no?+ 0 prov$ aga9/ him4 ,^! ,republicans 7 call$ ,mugwumps4 ,!y bolt$ ! nom9ation & support$ ! ,democratic c&idate1 ,grov] ,clevel&4 ,z mayor ( ,buffalo1 ,clevel& _h done v well4 ,he _h !n be5 elect$ gov]nor ( ,new ,york by a v l>ge majority4 ,! campaign ( #ahhd 0 conduct$ on l9es ( p]sonal abuse t recall ! campaigns ( #ahjj & ( #ahbh4 ,clevel& c>ri$ f\r l>ge ,nor!rn /ates & ! solid ,s\? & 0 elect$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grov] ,,clevel&4 #dfc4 ,clevel&'s ,adm9i/ration1 #ahhe-hi4--,! great conte/ ( ,clevel&'s fir/ t]m 0 a fi]ce /ruggle ov] ! t>iff4 ,! gov]nm5t's ne$ ( money dur+ ! ,civil ,w> _h compell$ ,congress to raise l>ge sums by means ( int]nal rev5ue taxes4 ,^! taxes 9 turn _h br\ght ab\t a great increase 9 ! t>iff rates on goods import$ f =eign c\ntries4 ,! int]nal rev5ue taxes _h be5 almo/ entirely remov$1 b ! w> t>iff sub/antially rema9$ 9 =ce4 ,9 #ahhg ,clevel& laid ! :ole "q be=e ,congress4 ,= a "t x seem$ probable t some?+ w\ld be done4 ,b ! opposition 9 ,congress 0 v active & v /rong4 ,x fell out1 !re=e1 t no?+ important 0 done4 ,! real significance ( ,clevel&'s fir/ adm9i/ration lay 9 ! fact t ! ,s\!rn]s 7 once aga9 admitt$ to a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! nation4 ,x m>k$1 !re=e1 ! reunion ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #db #dcg1 #dch4--;a4 ,expla9 c>efully ,l9coln's plan = recon/ruction4 ,h[ 0 x affect$ by 8 dea?8 b4 ,:at 0 ,johnson's attitude t[>d recon/ruction8 ,precisely :at is meant by recon/ruction8 #dci-dda4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! =ce ( ! ,emancipation ,proclamation8 ,h[ 0 ! in/itution ( slav]y aboli%$8 b4 ,expla9 ! reasons = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! fre$m5's bureau4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! provision relat+ to ! use ( ! army8 c4 ,h[ 0 ,congress able to pass a bill ov] ! ,presid5t's veto8 d4 ,expla9 c>efully ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ! provision z to debts8 #ddb1 #ddc4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! elections ( #ahff important8 b4 ,:at 0 ! =ce ( ! ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,act1 & :y 0 x pass$8 c4 ,describe ! actual process ( recon/ruction4 d4 ,:y 0 ,johnson impea*$8 ,:y did ! impea*m5t fail8 #ddd1 #dde4--;a4 ,h[ did ?is act ( ,napoleon's set ! ,monroe ,doctr9e at defiance8 b4 ,:at action did ! gov]nm5t take8 ,) :at result8 c4 ,:at advantage has ,alaska be5 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #ddf4--;a4 ,:at 7 ! issues 9 ! campaign ( #ahfh8 b4 ,:at _h ,blair done = ! ,union8 c4 ,:at did ! election ( ,grant %[8 ,,*apt] #dc #ddg-ddi4--;a4 ,:at 7 ! provisions ( ! ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t8 b4 ,"u :at conditions 7 ! rema9+ sec$$ /ates readmitt$8 c4 ,:at 0 ! ,=ce ,act8 ,:y 0 x pass$8 #dej4--;a4 ,h[ 0 ! injury to our %ipp+ dur+ ! ,civil ,w> connect$ ) ,great ,brita98 b4 ,:at is meant by arbitration8 ,is x bett] to settle disputes by arbitration or by w>8 #dea-deb4--;a4 ,describe ! ,*icago fire & its results4 b4 ,:y 0 !re s mu* brib]y & corruption at ?is "t8 c4 ,%\ld city gov]nm5ts be conduct$ z bus9ess ent]prises8 #dec4--;a4 ,:y 0 !re s mu* opposition to ,grant's relection8 b4 ,:y did ! ,democrats nom9ate ,greeley8 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! election8 #ded4--;a4 ,:at tr\ble broke out 9 ,cuba8 ,:y8 b4 ,describe ! ,virg9ius affair4 ,h[ did ! ,cuban rebellion come to an end8 #dee1 #def4--;a4 ,:at sc&al arose 9 connection ) ! ,union ,pacific ,railway8 b4 ,:at 0 ! ,:iskey ,r+8 ,:at 0 ,grant's wi%8 c4 ,:at tr\bles arose 9 ! ,s\?8 ,c\ld !y h be5 avoid$8 #deg1 #deh4--;a4 ,:y 0 !re a dispute ab\t ! election ( #ahgf8 ,h[ 0 x settl$8 b4 ,0 x wise to let ! ,s\!rn]s "w out _! que/ions = !mselves or n8 ,:y8 #dei1 #dfj4--;a4 ,comp>e ! panic ( #ahgc ) t ( #ahgg expla9+ ! lik5esses & diff]5ces4 b4 ,:y 0 opposition to ! nom9ation ( ,grant s /rong8 c4 ,:o 7 nom9at$8 ,:o 0 elect$8 #dfa4--;a4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ,g>field's murd]8 b4 ,:y is ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m s difficult8 c4 ,:at is meant by ! ,m]it ,sy/em8 ,d y consid] su* a sy/em bett] or worse ?an ! ,spoils ,sy/em8 ,:y8 #dfb1 #dfc4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,bla9e s /rongly oppos$8 ,:o 7 ! ,mugwumps8 ,h[ did _! action influ5ce ! election8 b4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 int]nal rev5ue taxes & cu/oms duties8 c4 ,:at 0 ! real significance ( ,clevel&'s fir/ election8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,give all ! treaties ) ,great ,brita91 ) dates1 reason = ! treaty1 & results4 b4 ,:y 7 !re no executions = treason at ! close ( ! ,civil ,w>8 c4 ,:at two me?ods does ! ,con/itution provide = its am5dm5t8 ,:i* me?od has always be5 foll[$8 d4 ,:at 7 ! *ief difficulties 9 ! way ( recon/ruction8 e4 ,:at are ! important duties ( citiz5s8 ,:y d y select ^!8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,impea*m5t ( ,johnson4 b4 ,! ,*icago fire4 c4 ,civil ,s]vice ,re=m4 d4 ,indu/rial activity 9 ! ,s\?4 ,,sugge/ions ,! importance ( ! topics treat$ 9 ,"p ,,xiv c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,! opportunities to impress ! pupils ) _! public duties are _m & important4 ,recon/ruction %\ld be broadly treat$ & n discuss$ 9 a p>tisan _s4 ,x is bett] to dwell on our duties to ! negroes ?an to seek out ,nor!rn blund]s & ,s\!rn mi/akes4 ,9 connection ) ! am5dm5ts ! :ole "q ( ! suffrage c be discuss$ 9 ! responsibility devolv+ ^u ! vot] fully set =?4 ,que/ions ( municipal organizations also arise & c be illu/rat$ by local exp]i5ce4 ,,xv ,,national ,,developm5t1 #ahhi-aijj ,books = ,/udy & ,read+ ,ref]5ces4--,scribn]'s ,popul> ,hi/ory1 ,v1 #egi-fei2 ,mc,master's ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 *s4 xxxiv1 xxxv4 ,home ,read+s4--,any %ort1 attractive acc\nt ( ! ,spani% ,w>4 ,,*apt] #dd ,,confusion ,,9 ,,politics ,sid5ote3 ,b5jam9 ,h>rison elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahhh4 #dfd4 ,b5jam9 ,h>rison elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahhh4--;,9 #ahhh ! ,democrats put =w>d ,clevel& z _! c&idate = ,presid5t4 ,! ,republicans nom9at$ ,b5jam9 ,h>rison ( ,indiana4 ,l ,hayes & ,g>field1 he _h won r5[n 9 ! ,civil ,w> & 0 a man ( ! highe/ honor & ( prov$ ability4 ,! prom95ce ( ! old ,s\!rn lead]s 9 ! ,democratic adm9i/ration1 & ! neglect ( ! bus9ess int]e/s ( ! ,nor?1 compell$ _m ,nor!rn ,republicans :o _h vot$ = ,clevel& to return to ! ,republican p>ty4 ,! result 0 ! election ( ,h>rison & ( a ,republican majority 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mc,kinley t>iff1 #ahij4 ,sid5ote3 ,reciprocity4 #dfe4 ,! ,mc,kinley ,t>iff1 #ahij4--,"o ( ! que/ions mo/ discuss$ 9 ! campaign ( #ahhh 0 ! re=m ( ! t>iff4 ,!re seem to h be5 two sets ( t>iff re=m]s4 ,"o set ( re=m]s propos$ to re=m ! t>iff by do+ away ) z mu* ( x z possible4 ,! o!r set ( re=m]s propos$ to readju/ ! t>iff duties s z to make ! protective sy/em m consi/5t & m p]fect4 ,l$ by ,william ,mc,kinley1 ! ,republicans set to "w to re=m ! t>iff 9 ?is latt] s5se4 ,?is !y did by g5]ally rais+ ! duties on protect$ goods4 ,! ,mc,kinley ,t>iff ,act also (f]$ reciprocity to c\ntries :i* w\ld favor ,am]ican goods4 ,?is (f] 0 9 effect to l[] c]ta9 duties on goods import$ f ,arg5t9a1 = in/ance1 if ! ,arg5t9e gov]nm5t w\ld admit c]ta9 ,am]ican goods to ,arg5t9a on bett] t]ms ?an simil> goods import$ f o!r c\ntries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol ,,at ,,wa%+ton4 ,sid5ote3 ,gold & ,silv] ,sid5ote3 ,%]man ,silv] ,law4 #dff4 ,! ,%]man ,silv] ,law1 #ahij4--;,9 ! ,civil ,w> gold & silv] _h disappe>$ f circulation4 ,b aft] ! close ( ! w> a gradual return 0 made to specie paym5ts4 ,9 ! colonial days ! dem& = silv]1 z comp>$ ) ! dem& = gold1 outran ! supply4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t silv] 0 con/antly becom+ wor? m 9 comp>ison ) gold4 ,9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! supply ( silv] has greatly out/ripp$ ! dem&1 ) ! result t silv] has greatly decl9$ 9 value z comp>$ ) gold4 ,9 #ahga ! gov]nm5t decid$ to use silv] = small co9s only1 & n to all[ silv] to be (f]$ 9 paym5t ( a l>g] sum ?an five doll>s4 ,?is 0 call$ ! demonetization ( silv]4 ,9 #ahgh a small b e>ne/ b& ( advocates ( ! free co9age ( silv] secur$ ! passage ( an act ( ,congress = ! co9age ( two million silv] doll>s ea* mon?4 ,! silv] 9 ea* "o ( ^! doll>s 0 only wor? 9 gold f n9ety to sixty c5ts4 ,9 #ahij1 ,s5ator ,john ,%]man ( ,ohio br\ght 9 a bill to increase ! co9age ( ^! silv] doll>s :i*1 9 #ahid1 7 wor? only =ty n9e c5ts on ! doll> 9 gold4 ,sid5ote3 ,bus9ess depression4 ,sid5ote3 ,clevel& elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahib4 #dfg4 ,election ( #ahib4--,"o result ( ?is great increase 9 ! silv] co9age 0 to al>m bus9ess m5 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,bus9ess con/antly decl9$4 ,e "o :o c\ld less5$ 8 exp5ses z mu* z possible4 ,mill own]s & railroad manag]s dis*>g$ _! work]s or r$uc$ _! wages4 ,h>rison & ,clevel& 7 aga9 ! ,republican & ,democratic c&idates = ! presid5cy4 ,z is always ! case1 ! p>ty 9 p[] 0 held to be responsible = ! h>d times4 ,en\gh vot]s turn$ to ,clevel& to elect him1 & he 0 inaugurat$ ,presid5t = ! second "t 7,m>* #d1 #ahic74 ,sid5ote3 ,sc>city ( money4 ,sid5ote3 ,repeal ( ! ,%]man ,law4 ,sid5ote3 ,wilson t>iff4 #dfh4 ,silv] & ! ,t>iff4--,9 ! summ] ( #ahic !re 0 a great sc>city ( money4 ,?\s&s ( p )drew all ! money !y c\ld f ! banks & lock$ x up 9 places ( security4 ,b ,congress repeal$ ! ,%]man ,silv] ,law & put an end to ! compulsory pur*ase ( silv] & ! co9age ( silv] doll>s4 ,?is t5d$ to re/ore confid5ce4 ,! ,democrats once m ov]haul$ ! t>iff4 ,"u ! lead ( ,repres5tative ,wilson ( ,we/ ,virg9ia !y pass$ a t>iff act1 l[]+ "s duties & plac+ _m articles on ! free li/4 ,sid5ote3 ,*icago ,exhibition1 #ahic4 #dfi4 ,! ,*icago ,exhibition1 #ahic4--,! f\r hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! ,columbian discov]y ( ,am]ica occurr$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahib4 ,prep>ations 7 made = hold+ a great commemorative exhibition at ,*icago4 ,b x took s long to get ev]y?+ ready t ! exhibition 0 n held until ! summ] ( #ahic4 ,beautiful build+s 7 erect$ ( a *eap b satisfactory mat]ial4 ,!y 7 design$ ) ! greate/ ta/e1 & 7 fill$ ) spl5did exhibits t %[$ ! skill & res\rces ( ,am]icans1 & also ) ! products ( =eign c\ntries4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p]sons f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry visit$ ! exhibition ) pleasure & great pr(it4 ,no m beautiful or successful exhibition has ev] be5 held4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fi%]ies ,,build+1 ,,_w',s ,,fair1 ,,*icago4 ,sid5ote3 ,william ,mc,kinley4 ,sid5ote3 ,w4,j4 ,bryan4 ,sid5ote3 ,mc,kinley elect$ ,presid5t1 #ahif4 #dgj4 ,election ( #ahif4--;,9 #ahif ! ,republicans held _! conv5tion at ,/4 ,l\is & nom9at$ ,william ,mc,kinley ( ,ohio = ,presid5t4 ,!y decl>$ 9 favor ( ! gold /&>d1 unless "s arrangem5t ) o!r nations = a /&>d ( gold & silv] c\ld be made4 ,!y also decl>$ = protection to home indu/ries4 ,! ,democrats held _! conv5tion at ,*icago4 ,! m5 :o _h /ood by ,clevel& f\nd !mselves 9 a helpless m9ority4 ,william ,j5n+s ,bryan ( ,nebraska 0 nom9at$ = ,presid5t on a plat=m advocat+ ! free co9age ( silv] & _m *anges 9 ! laws 9 ! direction ( socialism4 ,! ,populi/s & ! ,silv] ,republicans also adopt$ ,bryan z _! c&idate4 ,n[1 at la/1 ! "q ( ! gold /&>d or ! silv] /&>d 0 fairly be=e ! vot]s4 ,!y respond$ by elect+ ,mc,kinley & a ,republican ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,mck9ley4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,d+ley t>iff1 #ahig4 #dga4 ,! ,d+ley ,t>iff1 #ahig4--,! ,republicans1 once m 9 control ( ! gov]nm5t1 set to "w to re=m ! t>iff 9 favor ( high protection4 ,repres5tative ,d+ley ( ,ma9e 0 *airman ( ! committee ( ! ,h\se t drew up ! new bill1 & ! act z f9ally pass$ goes by 8 "n4 ,x rais$ ! duties on "s classes ( goods & tax$ _m ?+s t hi!rto _h come 9 free4 ,especially 7 duties increas$ on c]ta9 raw mat]ials = manufactures1 ) a view to enc\rage ! production ( su* mat]ials 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! reciprocity features ( ! ,mc,kinley t>iff 7,p4 #chc7 7 also re/or$4 ,,*apt] #de ,,! ,,spani% ,,w>1 #ahih ,sid5ote3 ,! ,cubans rebel1 #ahid4 ,sid5ote3 ,spani% cruelties1 ,s\rce-book1 #cgd-cgi4 #dgb4 ,! ,cuban ,rebellion1 #ahid-ih4--,! ,cubans laid d[n _! arms 9 #ahgg 7p4 #cgb7 because !y reli$ on ! promises ( bett] gov]nm5t made by ! ,spani>ds4 ,b ^! promises 7 nev] c>ri$ out4 ,ye> aft] ye> ! ,cuban p bore ) _! oppression4 ,b at la/ _! pati5ce 0 worn out4 ,9 #ahid !y aga9 rebell$4 ,! ,spani>ds s5t ov] an army to subdue !m4 ,soon tales ( cruelty on ! "p ( ! ,spani>ds rea*$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f9ally ! ,spani% gov]nor1 ,g5]al ,weyl]1 adopt$ ! cruel measure ( driv+ ! old m51 ! wom51 & ! *ildr5 f ! c\ntry villages & huddl+ !m toge!r 9 ! seabo>d t[ns4 ,)\t money1 )\t food1 ) scant %elt]1 ^! poor p endur$ e h>d%ip4 ,!y di$ by ?\s&s4 ,! ,am]ican p s5t relief1 b little c\ld be done to help !m4 ,! ,cubans also fitt$ out exp$itions 9 ,am]ican ports to c>ry arms & supplies to ! rebels4 ,! gov]nm5t did ev]y?+ 9 its p[] to /op ^! exp$itions1 b ! coa/ l9e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is s long t x 0 impossible to /op !m all1 especially z l>ge numb]s ( ! ,am]ican p he>tily sympa?iz$ ) ! ,cubans4 ,con/ant disputes ) ,spa9 ov] ! ,cuban "q naturally came up & gave rise to irritation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,spa94 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ma9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,de/ruction ( ! ,ma9e1 #ahih4 ,sid5ote3 ,cuban indep5d5ce recogniz$4 #dgc4 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,w>1 #ahih4--,on ,janu>y #e1 #ahih1 ! ,am]ican battle%ip ,ma9e an*or$ 9 ,havana h>bor4 ,on ,febru>y #ae %e 0 de/roy$ by an explosion & sank ) two hundr$ & fifty-?ree ( h] crew4 ,a mo/ compet5t ,c\rt ( ,inquiry 0 appo9t$4 ,x report$ t ! ,ma9e _h be5 bl[n up f ! outside4 ,! report ( ! ,c\rt ( ,inquiry 0 communicat$ to ! ,spani% gov]nm5t 9 ! hope t "s k9d ( apology & rep>ation might be made4 ,b all ! ,spani% gov]nm5t did 0 to propose t ! matt] %\ld be ref]r$ to arbitration4 ,! condition ( ! ,cubans 0 n[ dreadful4 ,sev]al ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives visit$ ,cuba4 ,!y report$ t ! condition ( ! ,cubans 0 %ock+4 ,! ,presid5t laid ! :ole matt] be=e ,congress = its det]m9ation4 ,on ,april #ai1 #ahih1 ,congress recogniz$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,cuban p & dem&$ ! )drawal ( ! ,spani>ds f ! isl&4 ,congress also au?oriz$ ! ,presid5t to compel ,spa9's )drawal & /at$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates did n int5d to annex ,cuba1 b to leave ! gov]nm5t ( ! isl& to its inhabitants4 ,be=e ^! t]ms c\ld be =mally laid be=e ! ,spani% gov]nm5t1 x ord]$ ! ,am]ican m9i/] to leave ,spa94 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,olympia4 ,f a photograph by ,irv+ ,und]hill4 ,sid5ote3 ,battle ( ,manila ,bay1 ,may #a1 #ahih4 #dgd4 ,! ,de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,pacific ,fleet4--,admiral ,dewey1 comm&+ ! ,am]ican squadron on ! ,asiatic /ation1 _h conc5trat$ all 8 vessels at ,hong ,kong1 9 ! belief t w> 0 at h&4 ,( c\rse he c\ld n /ay at ,hong ,kong aft] ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,! only ?+ t he c\ld d 0 to de/roy ! ,spani% fleet & use ,spani% ports z a naval base4 ,! ,spani% fleet 0 9 ,manila ,bay4 ,?i!r sail$ ,dewey4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ! e>ly morn+ ( ,may #a1 ,dewey pass$ ! ,spani% =ts at ! entrance ( ! bay4 ,! fleet 0 at an*or ne> ! naval ars5al1 a few miles f ! city ( ,manila4 ,z soon z x 0 light ,dewey op5$ fire on ! ,spani>ds4 ,soon "o ,spani% %ip caught fire1 !n ano!r1 & ano!r4 ,dewey drew (f out ( range = a "t :ile 8 m5 re/$ & ate _! breakfa/s4 ,he !n /eam$ 9 aga9 & complet$ ! de/ruction ( ! enemy's fleet4 ,n an ,am]ican %ip 0 s]i\sly injur$4 ,n "o ,am]ican sailor 0 kill$4 ,?is victory gave ! ,am]icans ! control ( ! ,pacific ,ocean & ! ,asiatic wat]s1 z f> z ,spa9 0 conc]n$4 ,x reliev$ ! ,pacific seacoa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( all fe> ( attack4 ,x made x possible to s5d soldi]s & supplies to ,manila1 )\t fe> ( attack :ile on ! way4 ,& x 0 necess>y to s5d soldi]s because ,dewey1 :ile he 0 supreme on ! wat] & c\ld easily compel ! surr5d] ( ,manila1 c\ld n prop]ly police ! t[n aft] its capture4 ,sid5ote3 ,def5se ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,blockade ( ,cuba4 #dge4 ,! ,atlantic ,seacoa/ & ! ,blockade4--,no soon] did w> seem probable ?an ! p on ! ,atlantic seacoa/ 7 seiz$ ) an unreason+ fe> ( ! ,spani% fleets4 ,= ! ,spani>ds _h a few new fa/ %ips4 ,! m\?s ( ! pr9cipal h>bors 7 block$ ) m9es & torp$oes4 ,! gov]nm5t b\ght m]*ant vessels ( all k9ds & e/abli%$ a patrol along ! coa/4 ,x also blockad$ ! m important ,cuban seaports4 ,b ! ,cuban coa/ 0 s long t x 0 impossible to blockade x all4 ,z x 01 great suff]+ 0 inflict$ on ! pr9cipal ,spani% armies 9 ,cuba4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,spani%-,atlantic fleet4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,am]ican fleet4 #dgf4 ,! ,atlantic ,fleets4--,be=e long a ,spani% fleet ( f\r new1 fa/ armor$ cruis]s & ?ree l>ge sea-go+ torp$o-boat de/roy]s appe>$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! ,spani% admiral did n seem to "k exactly :]e to g4 ,b aft] sail+ ar\nd ! ,c>ibbean ,sea = a "t1 he an*or$ 9 ,santiago h>bor--on ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,cuba4 ,9 ! ,am]ican navy !re 7 only two fa/ armor$ cruis]s1 ! ,new ,york & ! ,brooklyn4 ,^! ) five battle%ips--! ,oregon1 ,i[a1 ,indiana1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,texas--& a numb] ( small] vessels 7 plac$ "u ! comm& ( ,admiral ,sampson & s5t to ,santiago4 ,ano!r fleet ( sea-go+ monitors & un>mor$ cruis]s ma9ta9$ ! ,cuban blockade4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,oregon's voyage4 #dgg4 ,! ,oregon's ,great ,voyage4--,:5 ! ,ma9e 0 de/roy$1 ! ,oregon 0 at ,puget ,s\nd on ! nor?we/ coa/4 ,%e 0 at once ord]$ to sail to ! ,atlantic coa/ at h] utmo/ spe$4 ,/eadily ! great battle%ip sp$ s\?w>d along ! ,pacific coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,%e pass$ ?r\gh ,magellan ,/raits & made h] way up ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,z %e approa*$ ! ,we/ ,indies1 x 0 fe>$ t %e might meet ! :ole ,spani% fleet4 ,b %e nev] sight$ !m4 ,%e rea*$ ,florida 9 spl5did condition & at once jo9$ ,sampson's squadron4 ,sid5ote3 ,santiago4 ,sid5ote3 ,s9k+ ( ! ,m]rimac #dgh4 ,! ,blockade ( ! ,spani% ,fleet4--,santiago h>bor seem$ to h be5 design$ z a place ( refuge = a h>d-press$ fleet4 ,its n>r[ w9d+ entrance 0 gu>d$ by huge m\nta9s /rongly =tifi$4 ,! *annel betwe5 ^! m\nta9s 0 fill$ ) m9es & torp$oes4 ,! ,am]ican fleet c\ld n g 94 ,! ,spani% fleet mu/ n be all[$ to come out unse54 ,lieut5ant ,hobson 0 ord]$ to take ! colli] ,m]rimac into ! n>r[ entrance & s9k h] across ! *annel at ! n>r[e/ "p4 ,he made ! mo/ c>eful prep>ations4 ,b ! ,m]rimac 0 disabl$ & drift$ by ! n>r[e/ "p ( ! *annel be=e %e sank4 ,! ,spani% admiral 0 s impress$ by ! h]oism ( ?is attempt t he s5t a boat (f to ! ,am]ican squadron to assure !m t ,hobson & 8 six brave companions 7 safe4 ,sid5ote3 ,de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,fleet4 ,sid5ote3 ,lessons ( ! victory4 #dgi4 ,de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,fleet4--,z ! ,am]ican vessels c\ld n ent] ,santiago h>bor to s9k ! ,spani% %ips at _! an*ors1 x became necess>y to s5d an army to ,santiago4 ,b ! ,spani>ds did n wait = ! soldi]s to capture ! city4 ,on ,sunday morn+1 ,july #c1 ! ,spani% fleet sudd5ly appe>$ /eam+ out ( ! h>bor4 ,! ,massa*usetts 0 away at ! "t1 gett+ a supply ( coal1 & ! ,new ,york 0 /eam+ away to take ,admiral ,sampson to a conf]5ce ) ,g5]al ,%aft]4 ,b !re 7 en\gh vessels left4 ,on came ! ,spani>ds4 ,! ,am]ican %ips ru%$ t[>d !m4 ,! ,spani>ds turn$ we/w>d & tri$ to escape along ! coa/4 ,soon "o ( !m 0 set on fire by ! ,am]ican %ells4 ,%e 0 run on %ore to prev5t h] s9k+4 ,!n ano!r foll[$ h]1 & !n a ?ird4 ,! torp$o-boat de/roy]s 7 sunk (f ! entrance to ! h>bor4 ,b "o %ip n[ rema9$ afloat4 ,spe$ily1 %e1 too1 0 ov]tak5 & surr5d]$4 ,9 a few h\rs ! :ole ,spani% fleet 0 de/roy$2 hundr$s ( ,spani% seam5 7 kill$1 w\nd$1 or dr[n$1 & sixte5 hundr$ ,spani% sailors captur$4 ,! ,am]ican loss 0 "o man kill$ & two w\nd$4 ,! ,am]ican %ips 7 practically ready to de/roy ano!r ,spani% fleet _h "o be5 )9 rea*4 ,at ,manila ,bay & (f ,santiago ! ,am]ican fleets 7 sup]ior to ! enemy's fleets4 ,b ! a/\nd+ results ( _! actions 7 due ma9ly to ! spl5did mann] 9 :i* ! ,am]ican %ips _h be5 c>$ = &1 above all1 to ! magnific5t tra9+ & c\rage ( ! m5 beh9d ! guns4 ,ye>s ( peace _h n 9 any way dimm$ ! spl5did qualities ( ! ,am]ican sea-fight]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,milit>y prep>ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,! volunte]s4 #dhj4 ,! ,am]ican ,army4--,meantime ! ,am]ican soldi]s on %ore at ,santiago 7 do+ _! "w "u great disc\ragem5t1 b ) a valor & /ubbornness t w always compel admiration4 ,:ile ! navy 0 sil5tly & effici5tly increas$ to be a well-ord]$ =ce1 ! army 0 n s well manag$ at fir/4 ,soldi]s !re 7 9 pl5ty4 ,f all p>ts ( ! ,union1 f ! ,s\? & f ! ,nor?1 f ! ,we/ & f ! ,ea/1 f ! cattle ran*es ( ! pla9s & ! classrooms ( ! great univ]sities1 patriots (f]$ _! lives at _! c\ntry's call4 ,b !re 0 great lack ( ord] 9 ! managem5t ( ! army4 ,sickness broke out among ! soldi]s4 ,volunte] regim5ts 7 suppli$ ) old-fa%ion$ rifles4 ,x seem$ to be difficult to move "o regim5t f "o place to ano!r )\t dire confusion4 ,:5 ! ,spani% fleet 0 %ut up 9 ,santiago h>bor1 a =ce ( fifte5 ?\s& soldi]s "u ,g5]al ,%aft] 0 s5t to capture ,santiago itself & make ! h>bor unsafe = ! %ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,san ,,juan ,,blockh\se ,,%[+ ,,m>ks ,,( ,,%ot4 ,sid5ote3 ,! l&+4 ,sid5ote3 ,la ,guasimas4 ,s\rce-,book1 #chj-chb4 ,sid5ote3 ,san ,juan & ,caney4 ,sid5ote3 ,fall ( ,santiago4 #dha4 ,! ,santiago ,exp$ition4--,on ,june #bb & #bc ! exp$ition l&$ n f> to ! ea/ ( ! entrance to ,santiago h>bor4 ,/eep & high m\nta9s gu>d ?is "p ( ! coa/4 ,b no attempt 0 made to prev5t ! l&+ ( ! ,am]icans4 ,dism\nt$ cavalrym5 ( ! regul> army & ,roosevelt's ,r\gh ,rid]s1 also on foot1 at once pu%$ on t[>d ,santiago4 ,at ,la ,guasimas ! ,spani>ds tri$ to /op !m4 ,b ! regul>s & ! ,r\gh ,rid]s drove !m away1 & ! army pu%$ on4 ,by ,june #bh x _h rea*$ a po9t )9 a few miles ( ! city4 ,! ,spani>ds occupi$ two v /rong positions at ,san ,juan 7,san ,huan7 & ,caney4 ,on ,july #a !y 7 driv5 f !m4 ,! regul>s & ! volunte]s %[$ ! greate/ c\rage & h]oism4 ,!y cross$ long op5 spaces 9 ! face ( a t]rible fire f ! ,spani>ds1 :o 7 arm$ ) mod]n rifles4 ,! ra9s n[ set 91 & ! suff]+s ( ! troops became t]rible4 ,on ,july #c ! ,spani% fleet sail$ out ( ! h>bor to meet its doom f ! guns ( ! ,am]ican w>%ips4 ,re9=cem5ts 7 s5t to ,%aft]1 & heavy guns 7 dragg$ ov] ! m\nta9 roads & plac$ 9 positions comm&+ ! enemy's l9es4 ,! ,spani>ds surr5d]$1 & on ,july #ag ! ,am]icans ent]$ ! captur$ city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tak+ ,,w\nd$ ,,to ,,! ,,division ,,hospital ,,aft] ,,! ,,fight ,,on ,,san ,,juan ,,hill4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,porto ,rico exp$ition4 #dhb4 ,! ,porto ,rico ,campaign4--,! only o!r important colony /ill rema9+ to ,spa9 9 ,am]ica 0 ,porto ,rico4 ,g5]al ,nelson ,a4 ,miles l$ a /rong =ce to its conque/4 ,in/ead ( l&+ on ! nor!rn coa/ ne> ,san ,juan1 ! only /rongly =tifi$ position on ! seacoa/1 ,g5]al ,miles l&$ 8 m5 on ! s\!rn coa/ ne> ,ponce 7,pon-?a74 ,! inhabitants receiv$ ! ,am]icans ) ! he>tie/ welcome4 ,?is 0 on ,augu/ #a4 ,! ,am]ican army !n set out to cross ! isl&4 ,b be=e !y _h gone v f> news came ( ! end+ ( ! ho/ilities4 ,sid5ote3 ,fall ( ,manila4 #dhc4 ,fall ( ,manila4--,:5 ! news ( ,dewey's victory 7p4 #cij7 rea*$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 soldi]s 7 s5t to 8 aid4 ,b ?is took "t1 = x 0 a v long way f ,san ,francisco to ! ,philipp9es & vessels suitable = transports 7 n easily procur$ on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,g5]al ,wesley ,m]ritt 0 giv5 comm& ( ! l& =ces4 ,meantime1 = mon?s ,dewey ) 8 fleet blockad$ ,manila f ! wat] side1 :ile ,philipp9e insurg5ts blockad$ x f ! l& side4 ,=eign vessels1 especially ! ,g]man vessels1 jeal\sly wat*$ ! op]ations ( ! ,am]ican fleet & sev]ely tax$ ,dewey's pati5ce4 ,on ,augu/ #ag ,m]ritt felt /rong en\gh to attack ! city4 ,x 0 at once surr5d]$ to him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,9 #aijj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dep5d5cies ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,all on same scale z ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aijj4 ,sid5ote3 ,treaty ( ,peace1 #ahih4 ,sid5ote3 ,hawaii4 #dhd4 ,end ( ! ,w>4--,! de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,atlantic fleet & ! fall ( ,santiago conv9c$ ! ,spani>ds t fur!r resi/ance 0 useless4 ,s x 0 agre$ t ! fight+ %\ld be /opp$4 ,?is 0 9 ,july1 #ahih4 ,b ! actual treaty ( peace 0 n made until ! foll[+ ,decemb]4 ,! conditions 7 t ,spa9 %\ld ab&on ,cuba1 %\ld c$e to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,porto ,rico1 ! ,philipp9es1 & "s small] isl&s1 & %\ld receive f ! ,unit$ ,/ates tw5ty million doll>s4 ,= _m ye>s ,am]ican mission>ies1 m]*ants1 & plant]s _h be5 int]e/$ 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s4 ,! w> %[$ ! importance ( ^! isl&s to ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a milit>y & naval /ation1 & !y 7 annex$4 #dhe4 ,prosp]ity4--,! ye>s #ahih-aijj h be5 a p]iod ( unb\nd$ prosp]ity = ! ,am]ican p4 ,=eign trade has increas$ enorm\sly1 & ! manufactures ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are f9d+ a ready m>ket 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,a rebellion has be5 go+ on 9 ! ,philipp9es1 b x seems to be sl[ly dy+ out 7,febru>y1 #aijj74 ,,que/ions ,,& ,,topics ,,*apt] #dd #dfd1 #dfe4--;a4 ,:y 0 ,h>rison *os5 ,presid5t8 b4 ,:at is t>iff re=m8 ,:at is reciprocity8 ,d y consid] su* a me?od wise or n8 ,:y8 #dff1 #dfg4--;a4 ,:y 0 silv] demonetiz$8 ,:at is meant by ! ^w demonetization8 b4 ,:at 0 ! ,%]man ,silv] ,law8 ,:at effect did x h ^u bus9ess8 c4 ,0 !re any reason = ! fe> on ! "p ( bus9ess m58 d4 ,:y 0 ,h>rison defeat$ 9 #ahib8 #dfh1 #dfi4--;a4 ,:y did money become sc>ce 9 ! summ] ( #ahic8 b4 ,h[ did ! repeal ( ! ,%]man ,law affect confid5ce 9 ! future ( bus9ess8 c4 ,describe ! ,*icago ,exhibition4 ,:at is ! advantage ( su* an exhibition8 #dgj1 #dga4--;a4 ,:o 7 ! lead+ c&idates = ! presid5cy 9 #ahif8 ,:at pr9ciples did !y /& =8 b4 ,expla9 ! provisions ( ! ,d+ley ,t>iff4 c4 ,ask "s bus9ess man :at he ?9ks ( ! wisdom ( *ang+ ! t>iff v (t54 ,,*apt] #de #dgb1 #dgc4--;a4 ,:at promises _h ! ,spani>ds made to ! ,cubans & h[ _h !y kept !m8 b4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,weyl]'s policy8 c4 ,c\ld ! ,spani% w> h be5 avoid$8 #dgd4--;a4 ,:y c\ld n ,admiral ,dewey rema9 at ,hong ,kong8 b4 ,describe ! battle ( ,manila ,bay4 ,:at 7 ! results ( ?is action8 #dge-dgg4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! ,am]ican p on ! ,atlantic seacoa/ al>m$8 ,7 ! h>bors well def5d$8 b4 ,comp>e ! ,am]ican & ! ,spani% ,atlantic fleets4 ,:y 0 ! voyage ( ! ,oregon important8 #dgh1 #dgi4--;a4 ,describe ! h>bor ( ,santiago4 ,:at advantages did x possess = ! ,spani>ds8 b4 ,h[ did ,hobson try to prev5t ! escape ( ! ,spani% fleet8 c4 ,describe ! enc\nt] betwe5 ! two fleets4 d4 ,to :at 0 ?is great success due8 #dhj-dhb4--;a4 ,f :at p>ts ( ! c\ntry did ! volunte]s come8 b4 ,:y 0 !re s mu* confusion 9 ! army8 c4 ,describe ! ,santiago campaign & ! suff]+ ( ! soldi]s4 d4 ,describe ! ,porto ,rico exp$ition4 ,:y did ,g5]al ,miles l& on ! s\!rn coa/8 #dhc-dhe4--;a4 ,:y 7 ! soldi]s ne$$ aft] ,dewey's victory8 b4 ,give ! conditions ( peace4 ,exactly :at 0 ! condition z to ,cuba8 c4 ,:y are ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s important to ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,,g5]al ,,que/ions a4 ,:at are ! advantages & disadvantages ( a t>iff8 b4 ,:at important matt]s h be5 def9itely settl$ dur+ ! pa/ "o hundr$ ye>s8 c4 ,:at are "s ( ! problems n[ be=e ! ,am]ican p8 d4 ,%\ld ! ,unit$ ,/ates be a _w p[]8 ,,topics ,,= ,,special ,,"w a4 ,pres5t condition ( any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or dep5d5t t]ritories4 b4 ,any campaign or battle ( ! ,spani% ,w>4 c4 ,pres5t political p>ties & _! pr9ciples4 ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] ,int]e/+ con/itutional que/ions w inevitably arise 9 tea*+ ?is section1 b ! ev5ts are too rec5t to admit ( dogmatiz+ on l9es ( policy4 ,! ,spani% ,w> & ! ,philipp9e tr\ble are too ne> to be prop]ly judg$1 & ! facts only %\ld be taught4 ,! duties & responsibilities re/+ ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?r\gh its clos] connection ) all p>ts ( ! _w c1 h[ev]1 be emphasiz$ )\t ! display ( p>tisan _s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! causes ( pres5t prosp]ity & ! indu/rial advantages ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates may well dem& att5tion4 ,?r\gh\t e "p ( ?is section1 also1 ! importance ( good citiz5%ip1 9 ! broade/ s5se ( ! ^w1 %\ld receive special emphasis4 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica#a ,,we ,,! ,,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,ord] to =m a m p]fect ,union1 e/abli% ,ju/ice1 insure dome/ic ,tranquility1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al ,welf>e1 & secure ! ,bless+s ( ,lib]ty to ourselves & our ,po/]ity1 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is ,,con/itution = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,,article4 ,i4 ,,section4 #a4 ,all legislative ,p[]s h]e9 grant$ %all be ve/$ 9 a ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* %all consi/ ( a ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,,section4 #b4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all be compos$ ( ,memb]s *os5 e second ,ye> by ! ,p ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 & ! ,electors 9 ea* ,/ate %all h ! ,qualifications requisite = ,electors ( ! mo/ num]\s ,bran* ( ! ,/ate ,legislature4 ,no ,p]son %all be a ,repres5tative :o %all n h atta9$ to ! ,age ( tw5ty five ,ye>s1 & be5 sev5 ,ye>s a ,citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o %all n1 :5 elect$1 be an ,inhabitant ( t ,/ate 9 :i* he %all be *os54 ,repres5tatives & direct ,taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole ,numb] ( free ,p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to ,s]vice = a ,t]m ( ,ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree fif?s ( all o!r ,p]sons4 ,! actual ,enum]ation %all be made )9 ?ree ,ye>s aft] ! fir/ ,meet+ ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & )9 e subsequ5t ,t]m ( t5 ,ye>s1 9 su* ,mann] z !y %all by ,law direct4 ,! numb] ( ,repres5tatives %all n exce$ "o = e ?irty ,?\s&1 b ea* ,/ate %all h at ,lea/ "o ,repres5tative2 & until su* enum]ation %all be made1 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,hamp%ire %all be entitl$ to *use ?ree1 ,massa*usetts eight1 ,rhode ,isl& & ,provid5ce ,plantations "o1 ,connecticut five1 ,new-,york six1 ,new ,j]sey f\r1 ,p5nsylvania eight1 ,delaw>e "o1 ,m>yl& six1 ,virg9ia t51 ,nor? ,c>ol9a five1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a five1 & ,georgia ?ree4 ,:5 vacancies happ5 9 ! ,repres5tation f any ,/ate1 ! ,executive ,au?ority !re( %all issue ,writs ( ,election to fill su* ,vacancies4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all *use _! ,speak] & o!r ,(fic]s2 & %all h ! sole ,p[] ( ,impea*m5t4 ,,section4 #c4 ,! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be compos$ ( two ,s5ators f ea* ,/ate1 *os5 by ! ,legislature !re(1 = six ,ye>s2 & ea* ,s5ator %all h "o ,vote4 ,imm$iately aft] !y %all be assembl$ 9 ,consequ5ce ( ! fir/ ,election1 !y %all be divid$ z equally z may be into ?ree ,classes4 ,! ,seats ( ! ,s5ators ( ! fir/ ,class %all be vacat$ at ! ,expiration ( ! second ,ye>1 ( ! second ,class at ! ,expiration ( ! f\r? ,ye>1 & ( ! ?ird ,class at ! ,expiration ( ! six? ,ye>1 s t "o ?ird may be *os5 e second ,ye>2 & if ,vacancies happ5 by ,resignation1 or o!rwise1 dur+ ! ,recess ( ! ,legislature ( any ,/ate1 ! ,executive !re( may make tempor>y ,appo9tm5ts until ! next ,meet+ ( ! ,legislature1 :i* %all !n fill su* ,vacancies4 ,no ,p]son %all be a ,s5ator :o %all n h atta9$ to ! ,age ( ?irty ,ye>s1 & be5 n9e ,ye>s a ,citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :o %all n1 :5 elect$1 be an ,inhabitant ( t ,/ate = :i* he %all be *os54 ,! ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 b %all h no ,vote1 unless !y be equally divid$4 ,! ,s5ate %all *use _! o!r ,(fic]s1 & also a ,presid5t pro tempore1 9 ! ,abs5ce ( ! ,vice ,presid5t1 or :5 he %all ex]cise ! ,(fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,s5ate %all h ! sole ,p[] to try all ,impea*m5ts4 ,:5 sitt+ = t ,purpose1 !y %all be on ,oa? or ,affirmation4 ,:5 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is tri$1 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice %all preside3 ,& no ,p]son %all be convict$ )\t ! ,concurr5ce ( two ?irds ( ! ,memb]s pres5t4 ,judgm5t 9 ,cases ( ,impea*m5t %all n ext5d fur!r ?an to removal f ,(fice1 & disqualification to hold & enjoy any ,(fice ( honor1 ,tru/ or ,pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 b ! ,p>ty convict$ %all nev]!less be liable & subject to ,indictm5t1 ,trial1 ,judgm5t & ,puni%m5t1 accord+ to ,law4 ,,section4 #d4 ,! ,times1 ,places & ,mann] ( hold+ ,elections = ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives1 %all be prescrib$ 9 ea* ,/ate by ! ,legislature !re(2 b ! ,congress may at any "t by ,law make or alt] su* ,regulations1 except z to ! ,places ( *us+ ,s5ators4 ,! ,congress %all assemble at lea/ once 9 e ,ye>1 & su* ,meet+ %all be on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 unless !y %all by ,law appo9t a diff]5t ,day4 ,,section4 #e4 ,ea* ,h\se %all be ! ,judge ( ! ,elections1 ,returns & ,qualifications ( its own ,memb]s1 & a ,majority ( ea* %all con/itute a ,quorum to d ,bus9ess2 b a small] ,numb] may adj\rn f day to day1 & may be au?oriz$ to compel ! ,att5dance ( abs5t ,memb]s1 9 su* ,mann]1 & "u su* ,p5alties z ea* ,h\se may provide4 ,ea* ,h\se may det]m9e ! ,rules ( its ,proce$+s1 puni% its ,memb]s = disord]ly ,behavi\r1 &1 ) ! ,concurr5ce ( two ?irds1 expel a memb]4 ,ea* ,h\se %all keep a ,j\rnal ( its ,proce$+s1 & f "t to "t publi% ! same1 except+ su* ,p>ts z may 9 _! ,judgm5t require ,secrecy2 & ! ,yeas & ,nays ( ! ,memb]s ( ei!r ,h\se on any "q %all1 at ! ,desire ( "o fif? ( ^? ,pres5t1 be ent]$ on ! ,j\rnal4 ,nei!r ,h\se1 dur+ ! ,session ( ,congress1 %all1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ! o!r1 adj\rn = m ?an ?ree days1 nor to any o!r ,place ?an t 9 :i* ! two ,h\ses %all be sitt+4 ,,section4 #f4 ,! ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives %all receive a ,comp5sation = _! ,s]vices1 to be asc]ta9$ by ,law1 & paid out ( ! ,treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y %all 9 all ,cases1 except ,treason1 ,felony & ,brea* ( ! ,peace1 be privileg$ f ,arre/ dur+ _! ,att5dance at ! ,session ( _! respective ,h\ses1 & 9 go+ to & return+ f ! same2 & = any ,spee* or ,debate 9 ei!r ,h\se1 !y %all n be que/ion$ 9 any o!r ,place4 ,no ,s5ator or ,repres5tative %all1 dur+ ! ,"t = :i* he 0 elect$1 be appo9t$ to any civil ,(fice "u ! ,au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* %all h be5 creat$1 or ! ,emolum5ts :]e( %all h be5 encreas$ dur+ su* "t2 & no ,p]son hold+ any ,(fice "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be a ,memb] ( ei!r ,h\se dur+ 8 ,cont9uance 9 ,(fice4 ,,section4 #g4 ,all ,bills = rais+ ,rev5ue %all orig9ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 b ! ,s5ate may propose or concur ) ,am5dm5ts z on o!r ,bills4 ,e ,bill :i* %all h pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate1 %all1 be=e x become a ,law1 be pres5t$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,if he approve he %all sign x1 b if n he %all return x1 ) 8 ,objections1 to t ,h\se 9 :i* x %all h orig9at$1 :o %all ent] ! ,objections at l>ge on _! ,j\rnal1 & proce$ to reconsid] x4 ,if aft] su* ,reconsid]ation two ?irds ( t ,h\se %all agree to pass ! ,bill1 x %all be s5t1 toge!r ) ! ,objections1 to ! o!r ,h\se1 by :i* x %all likewise be reconsid]$1 & if approv$ by two ?irds ( t ,h\se1 x %all become a ,law4 ,b 9 all su* ,cases ! ,votes ( bo? ,h\ses %all be det]m9$ by yeas & ,nays1 & ! ,names ( ! ,p]sons vot+ = & aga9/ ! ,bill %all be ent]$ on ! ,j\rnal ( ea* ,h\se respectively4 ,if any ,bill %all n be return$ by ! ,presid5t )9 t5 ,days 7,sundays except$7 aft] x %all h be5 pres5t$ to him1 ! same %all be a ,law1 9 l ,mann] z if he _h sign$ x1 unless ! ,congress by _! ,adj\rnm5t prev5t its ,return1 9 :i* ,case x %all n be a ,law4 ,e ,ord]1 ,resolution1 or ,vote to :i* ! ,concurr5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives may be necess>y 7except on a "q ( ,adj\rnm5t7 %all be pres5t$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & be=e ! ,same %all take ,effect1 %all be approv$ by him1 or be+ disapprov$ by him1 %all be repass$ by two ?irds ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 accord+ to ! ,rules & ,limitations prescrib$ 9 ! ,case ( a ,bill4 ,,section4 #h4 ,! ,congress %all h ,p[] ,to lay & collect ,taxes1 ,duties1 ,impo/s & ,excises1 to pay ! ,debts & provide = ! common ,def5ce & g5]al ,welf>e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b all ,duties1 ,impo/s & ,excises %all be uni=m ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,to borr[ ,money on ! cr$it ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,to regulate ,comm]ce ) =eign ,nations1 & among ! sev]al ,/ates1 & ) ! ,indian ,tribes2 ,to e/abli% an uni=m ,rule ( ,naturalization1 & uni=m ,laws on ! subject ( ,bankruptcies ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,to co9 ,money1 regulate ! ,value !re(1 & ( =eign ,co91 & fix ! ,/&>d ( ,weights & ,measures2 ,to provide = ! ,puni%m5t ( c\nt]feit+ ! ,securities & curr5t ,co9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,to e/abli% ,po/ ,(fices & po/ ,roads2 ,to promote ! ,progress ( ,sci5ce & useful ,arts1 by secur+ = limit$ ,times to ,au?ors & ,inv5tors ! exclusive ,"r to _! respective ,writ+s & ,discov]ies2 ,to con/itute ,tribunals inf]ior to ! supreme ,c\rt2 ,to def9e & puni% ,piracies & ,felonies committ$ on ! high ,seas1 & ,(f5ces aga9/ ! ,law ( ,nations2 ,to decl>e ,w>1 grant ,lett]s ( ,m>que & ,reprisal1 & make ,rules conc]n+ ,captures on ,l& & ,wat]2 ,to raise & support ,armies1 b no ,appropriation ( ,money to t ,use %all be = a long] ,t]m ?an two ,ye>s2 ,to provide & ma9ta9 a ,navy2 ,to make ,rules = ! ,gov]nm5t & ,regulation ( ! l& & naval ,=ces2 ,to provide = call+ =? ! ,militia to execute ! ,laws ( ! ,union1 suppress ,insurrections & repel ,invasions2 ,to provide = organiz+1 arm+1 & discipl9+1 ! ,militia1 & = gov]n+ su* ,"p ( !m z may be employ$ 9 ! ,s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 res]v+ to ! ,/ates respectively1 ! ,appo9tm5t ( ! ,(fic]s1 & ! ,au?ority ( tra9+ ! ,militia accord+ to ! discipl9e prescrib$ by ,congress2 ,to ex]cise exclusive ,legislation 9 all ,cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict 7n exce$+ t5 ,miles squ>e7 z may1 by ,cession ( p>ticul> ,/ates1 & ! ,acceptance ( ,congress1 become ! ,seat ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ex]cise l ,au?ority ov] all ,places pur*as$ by ! ,cons5t ( ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! same %all be1 = ! ,erection ( ,=ts1 ,magaz9es1 ,ars5als1 dock-,y>ds1 & o!r ne$ful ,build+s2--,& ,to make all ,laws :i* %all be necess>y & prop] = c>ry+ into ,execution ! =ego+ ,p[]s1 & all o!r ,p[]s ve/$ by ?is ,con/itution 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any ,dep>tm5t or ,(fic] !re(4 ,,section4 #i4 ,! ,migration or ,importation ( su* ,p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ,ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight1 b a ,tax or duty may be impos$ on su* ,importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* ,p]son4 ,! ,privilege ( ! ,writ ( ,habeas ,corpus %all n be susp5d$1 unless :5 9 ,cases ( ,rebellion or ,invasion ! public ,safety may require x4 ,no ,bill ( ,atta9d] or ex po/ facto ,law %all be pass$4 ,no ,capitation1 or o!r direct1 ,tax %all be laid1 unless 9 ,proportion to ! ,c5sus or ,enum]ation h]e9 be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,no ,tax or ,duty %all be laid on ,articles export$ f any ,/ate4 ,no ,pref]5ce %all be giv5 by any ,regulation ( ,comm]ce or ,rev5ue to ! ,ports ( "o ,/ate ov] ^? ( ano!r3 nor %all ,vessels b\nd to1 or f1 "o ,/ate1 be oblig$ to ent]1 cle>1 or pay ,duties 9 ano!r4 ,no ,money %all be drawn f ! ,treasury1 b 9 ,consequ5ce ( ,appropriations made by ,law2 & a regul> ,/atem5t & ,acc\nt ( ! ,receipts & ,exp5ditures ( all public ,money %all be publi%$ f "t to "t4 ,no ,title ( ,nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,& no ,p]son hold+ any ,(fice ( ,pr(it or ,tru/ "u !m1 %all1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ! ,congress1 accept ( any pres5t1 ,emolum5t1 ,(fice1 or ,title1 ( any k9d :atev]1 f any ,k+1 ,pr9ce1 or =eign ,/ate4 ,,section4 #aj4 ,no ,/ate %all ent] into any ,treaty1 ,alliance1 or ,conf$]ation2 grant ,lett]s ( ,m>que & ,reprisal2 co9 ,money2 emit ,bills ( ,cr$it2 make any ,?+ b gold & silv] ,co9 a ,t5d] 9 ,paym5t ( ,debts2 pass any ,bill ( ,atta9d]1 ex po/ facto ,law1 or ,law impair+ ! ,obligation ( ,contracts1 or grant any ,title ( ,nobility4 ,no ,/ate %all1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ! ,congress1 lay any ,impo/s or ,duties on ,imports or ,exports1 except :at may be absolutely necess>y = execut+ its inspection ,laws3 & ! net ,produce ( all ,duties & ,impo/s1 laid by any ,/ate on ,imports or ,exports1 %all be = ! ,use ( ! ,treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & all su* ,laws %all be subject to ! ,revision & ,contr\l ( ! ,congress4 ,no ,/ate %all1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ,congress1 lay any ,duty ( ,tonnage1 keep ,troops1 or ,%ips ( ,w> 9 "t ( ,peace1 ent] into any ,agreem5t or ,compact ) ano!r ,/ate1 or ) a =eign ,p[]1 or engage 9 ,w>1 unless actually invad$1 or 9 su* imm95t ,dang] z w n admit ( delay4 ,,article4 ,,ii4 ,,section1 #a4 ,! executive ,p[] %all be ve/$ 9 a ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,he %all hold 8 ,(fice dur+ ! ,t]m ( f\r ,ye>s1 &1 toge!r ) ! ,vice ,presid5t1 *os5 = ! same ,t]m1 be elect$1 z foll[s ,ea* ,/ate %all appo9t1 9 su* ,mann] z ! ,legislature !re( may direct1 a ,numb] ( ,electors1 equal to ! :ole ,numb] ( ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives to :i* ! ,/ate may be entitl$ 9 ! ,congress3 b no ,s5ator or ,repres5tative1 or ,p]son hold+ an ,(fice ( ,tru/ or ,pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be appo9t$ an ,elector4 ,! ,electors %all meet 9 _! respective ,/ates1 & vote by ,ballot = two ,p]sons1 ( :om "o at lea/ %all n be an ,inhabitant ( ! same ,/ate ) !mselves4 ,& !y %all make a ,li/ ( all ! ,p]sons vot$ =1 & ( ! ,numb] ( ,votes = ea*2 :i* ,li/ !y %all sign & c]tify1 & transmit seal$ to ! ,seat ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 direct$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate %all1 9 ! ,pres5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 op5 all ! ,c]tificates1 & ! ,votes %all !n be c\nt$4 ,! ,p]son hav+ ! greate/ ,numb] ( ,votes %all be ! ,presid5t1 if su* ,numb] be a ,majority ( ! :ole ,numb] ( ,electors appo9t$2 & if !re be m ?an "o :o h su* ,majority1 & h an equal ,numb] ( ,votes1 !n ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all imm$iately *use by ,ballot "o ( !m = ,presid5t2 & if no ,p]son h a ,majority1 !n f ! five highe/ on ! ,li/ ! said ,h\se %all 9 l ,mann] *use ! ,presid5t4 ,b 9 *us+ ! ,presid5t1 ! ,votes %all be tak5 by ,/ates1 ! ,repres5tation f ea* ,/ate hav+ "o ,vote2 ,a quorum = ?is ,purpose %all consi/ ( a ,memb] or ,memb]s f two ?irds ( ! ,/ates1 & a ,majority ( all ! ,/ates %all be necess>y to a ,*oice4 ,9 e ,case1 aft] ! ,*oice ( ! ,presid5t1 ! ,p]son hav+ ! greate/ ,numb] ( ,votes ( ! ,electors %all be ! ,vice ,presid5t4 ,b if !re %\ld rema9 two or m :o h equal ,votes1 ! ,s5ate %all *use f !m by ,ballot ! ,vice ,presid5t4 ,! ,congress may det]m9e ! ,"t ( *us+ ! ,electors1 & ! ,day on :i* !y %all give _! ,votes2 :i* ,day %all be ! same ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no ,p]son except a natural born ,citiz51 or a ,citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 at ! "t ( ! ,adoption ( ?is ,con/itution1 %all be eligible to ! ,(fice ( ,presid5t2 nei!r %all any ,p]son be eligible to t ,(fice :o %all n h atta9$ to ! ,age ( ?irty five ,ye>s1 & be5 f\rte5 ,ye>s a ,resid5t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ,case ( ! ,removal ( ! ,presid5t f ,(fice1 or ( 8 ,dea?1 ,resignation1 or ,inability to dis*>ge ! ,p[]s & ,duties ( ! said ,(fice1 ! ,same %all devolve on ! ,vice ,presid5t1 & ! ,congress may by ,law provide = ! ,case ( ,removal1 ,dea?1 ,resignation or ,inability1 bo? ( ! ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t1 decl>+ :at ,(fic] %all !n act z ,presid5t1 & su* ,(fic] %all act accord+ly1 until ! ,disability be remov$1 or a ,presid5t %all be elect$4 ,! ,presid5t %all1 at /at$ ,times1 receive = 8 ,s]vices1 a ,comp5sation1 :i* %all nei!r be encreas$ nor dim9i%$ dur+ ! ,p]iod = :i* he %all h be5 elect$1 & he %all n receive )9 t ,p]iod any o!r ,emolum5t f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any ( !m4 ,be=e he ent] on ! ,execution ( 8 ,(fice1 he %all take ! foll[+ ,oa? or ,affirmation3-- ,i d solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i w fai?fully execute ! ,(fice ( ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & w to ! be/ ( my ,ability1 pres]ve1 protect & def5d ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,section4 #b4 ,! ,presid5t %all be ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,army & ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ( ! ,militia ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 :5 call$ into ! actual ,s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 he may require ! ,op9ion1 9 writ+1 ( ! pr9cipal ,(fic] 9 ea* ( ! executive ,dep>tm5ts1 ^u any ,subject relat+ to ! ,duties ( _! respective ,(fices1 & he %all h ,p[] to grant ,reprieves & ,p>dons = ,(f5ces aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 ,cases ( ,impea*m5t4 ,he %all h ,p[]1 by & ) ! ,advice & ,cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 to make ,treaties1 provid$ two ?irds ( ! ,s5ators pres5t concur2 & he %all nom9ate1 & by & ) ! ,advice & ,cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 %all appo9t ,ambassadors1 o!r public ,m9i/]s & ,consuls1 ,judges ( ! supreme ,c\rt1 & all o!r ,(fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: ,appo9tm5ts are n h]e9 o!rwise provid$ =1 & :i* %all be e/abli%$ by ,law3 b ! ,congress may by ,law ve/ ! ,appo9tm5t ( su* inf]ior ,(fic]s1 z !y ?9k prop]1 9 ! ,presid5t alone1 9 ! ,c\rts ( ,law1 or 9 ! ,heads ( ,dep>tm5ts4 ,! ,presid5t %all h ,p[] to fill up all ,vacancies t may happ5 dur+ ! ,recess ( ! ,s5ate1 by grant+ ,commissions :i* %all expire at ! ,end ( _! next ,session4 ,,section4 #c4 ,he %all f "t to "t give to ! ,congress ,in=mation ( ! ,/ate ( ! ,union1 & recomm5d to _! ,consid]ation su* ,measures z he %all judge necess>y & exp$i5t2 he may1 on extraord9>y ,occasions1 conv5e bo? ,h\ses1 or ei!r ( !m1 & 9 ,case ( ,disagreem5t betwe5 !m1 ) ,respect to ! ,"t ( ,adj\rnm5t1 he may adj\rn !m to su* ,"t z he %all ?9k prop]2 he %all receive ,ambassadors & o!r public ,m9i/]s2 he %all take ,c>e t ! ,laws be fai?fully execut$1 & %all ,commission all ! ,(fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,section4 #d4 ,! ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t & all civil ,(fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be remov$ f ,(fice on ,impea*m5t =1 & ,conviction (1 ,treason1 ,brib]y1 or o!r high ,crimes & ,misdemeanors4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,,section4 #a4 ,! judicial ,p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ve/$ 9 "o supreme ,c\rt1 & 9 su* inf]ior ,c\rts z ! ,congress may f "t to "t orda9 & e/abli%4 ,! ,judges1 bo? ( ! supreme & inf]ior ,c\rts1 %all hold _! ,(fices dur+ good ,behavi\r1 & %all1 at /at$ ,times1 receive = _! ,s]vices1 a ,comp5sation1 :i* %all n be dim9i%$ dur+ _! cont9uance 9 ,(fice4 ,,section4 #b4 ,! judicial ,p[] %all ext5d to all ,cases1 9 ,law & ,equity1 aris+ "u ?is ,con/itution1 ! ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u _! ,au?ority2--to all ,cases affect+ ,ambassadors1 o!r public ,m9i/]s & ,consuls2--to all ,cases ( admiralty & m>itime ,jurisdiction2--to ,controv]sies to :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be a ,p>ty2--to ,controv]sies betwe5 two or m ,/ates2--betwe5 a ,/ate & ,citiz5s ( ano!r ,/ate2--betwe5 ,citiz5s ( diff]5t ,/ates1--betwe5 ,citiz5s ( ! same ,/ate claim+ ,l&s "u ,grants ( diff]5t ,/ates1 & betwe5 a ,/ate1 or ! ,citiz5s !re(1 & =eign ,/ates1 ,citiz5s or ,subjects4 ,9 all ,cases affect+ ,ambassadors1 o!r public ,m9i/]s & ,consuls1 & ^? 9 :i* a ,/ate %all be ,p>ty1 ! supreme ,c\rt %all h orig9al ,jurisdiction4 ,9 all ! o!r ,cases be=e m5tion$1 ! supreme ,c\rt %all h appellate ,jurisdiction1 bo? z to ,law & ,fact1 ) su* ,exceptions1 & "u su* regulations z ! ,congress %all make4 ,! ,trial ( all ,crimes1 except 9 ,cases ( ,impea*m5t1 %all be by ,jury2 & su* ,trial %all be held 9 ! ,/ate :]e ! said ,crimes %all h be5 committ$2 b :5 n committ$ )9 any ,/ate1 ! ,trial %all be at su* ,place or ,places z ! ,congress may by ,law h direct$4 ,,section4 #c4 ,treason aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all consi/ only 9 levy+ ,w> aga9/ !m1 or 9 adh]+ to _! ,enemies1 giv+ !m ,aid & ,com=t4 ,no ,p]son %all be convict$ ( ,treason unless on ! ,te/imony ( two ,witnesses to ! same ov]t ,act1 or on ,confession 9 op5 ,c\rt4 ,! ,congress %all h ,p[] to decl>e ! ,puni%m5t ( ,treason1 b no ,atta9d] ( ,treason %all "w ,corruption ( ,blood1 or ,=feiture except dur+ ! ,life ( ! ,p]son atta9t$4 ,,article4 ,,iv4 ,,section4 #a4 ,full ,fai? & ,cr$it %all be giv5 9 ea* ,/ate to ! public ,acts1 ,records1 & judicial ,proce$+s ( e o!r ,/ate4 ,& ! ,congress may by g5]al ,laws prescribe ! ,mann] 9 :i* su* ,acts1 ,records & ,proce$+s %all be prov$1 & ! ,effect !re(4 ,,section4 #b4 ,! ,citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate %all be entitl$ to all ,privileges & ,immunities ( ,citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,a ,p]son *>g$ 9 any ,/ate ) ,treason1 ,felony1 or o!r ,crime1 :o %all flee f ,ju/ice1 & be f\nd 9 ano!r ,/ate1 %all on ,dem& ( ! executive ,au?ority ( ! ,/ate f :i* he fl$1 be deliv]$ up1 to be remov$ to ! ,/ate hav+ ,jurisdiction ( ! ,crime4 ,no ,p]son held to ,s]vice or ,lab\r 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! ,laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 ,consequ5ce ( any ,law or ,regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* ,s]vice or ,lab\r1 b %all be deliv]$ up on ,claim ( ! ,p>ty to :om su* ,s]vice or ,lab\r may be due4 ,,section4 #c4 ,new ,/ates may be admitt$ by ! ,congress into ?is ,union2 b no new ,/ate %all be =m$ or erect$ )9 ! ,jurisdiction ( any o!r ,/ate2 nor any ,/ate be =m$ by ! ,junction ( two or m ,/ates1 or ,p>ts ( ,/ates1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ! ,legislatures ( ! ,/ates conc]n$ z well z ( ! ,congress4 ,! ,congress %all h ,p[] to dispose ( & make all ne$ful ,rules & ,regulations respect+ ! ,t]ritory or o!r ,prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & no?+ 9 ?is ,con/itution %all be s con/ru$ z to ,prejudice any ,claims ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any p>ticul> ,/ate4 ,,section4 #d4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a ,republican ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t1 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ ,invasion2 & on ,application ( ! ,legislature1 or ( ! ,executive 7:5 ! ,legislature _c be conv5$7 aga9/ dome/ic ,viol5ce4 ,,article4 ,v4 ,! ,congress1 :5ev] two ?irds ( bo? ,h\ses %all deem x necess>y1 %all propose ,am5dm5ts to ?is ,con/itution1 or1 on ! ,application ( ! ,legislatures ( two ?irds ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 %all call a ,conv5tion = propos+ ,am5dm5ts1 :i*1 9 ei!r ,case1 %all be valid to all ,int5ts & ,purposes1 z ,"p ( ?is ,con/itution1 :5 ratifi$ by ! ,legislatures ( ?ree f\r?s ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 or by ,conv5tions 9 ?ree f\r?s !re(1 z ! "o or ! o!r ,mode ( ,ratification may be propos$ by ! ,congress2 ,provid$ t no ,am5dm5t :i* may be made prior to ! ,ye> ,"o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight %all 9 any ,mann] affect ! fir/ & f\r? ,clauses 9 ! ,n9? ,section ( ! fir/ ,article2 & t no ,/ate1 )\t its ,cons5t1 %all be depriv$ ( its equal ,suffrage 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,,article4 ,,vi4 ,all ,debts contract$ & ,engagem5ts ent]$ into1 be=e ! ,adoption ( ?is ,con/itution1 %all be z valid aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ?is ,con/itution1 z "u ! ,conf$]ation4 ,?is ,con/itution1 & ! ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* %all be made 9 ,pursuance !re(2 & all ,treaties made1 or :i* %all be made1 "u ! ,au?ority ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ! supreme ,law ( ! ,l&2 & ! ,judges 9 e ,/ate %all be b\nd !reby1 any ,?+ 9 ! ,con/itution or ,laws ( any ,/ate to ! ,contr>y not)/&+4 ,! ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives be=e m5tion$1 & ! ,memb]s ( ! sev]al ,/ate ,legislatures1 & all executive & judicial ,(fic]s1 bo? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 %all be b\nd by ,oa? or ,affirmation1 to support ?is ,con/itution2 b no religi\s ,te/ %all ev] be requir$ z a ,qualification to any ,(fice or public ,tru/ "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,article4 ,,vii4 ,! ,ratification ( ! ,conv5tions ( n9e ,/ates1 %all be suffici5t = ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ?is ,con/itution betwe5 ! ,/ates s ratify+ ! ,same4 ,,! ,,am5dm5ts4 ,i4 ,congress %all make no law respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ ! free ex]cise !re(2 or abridg+ ! fre$om ( spee*1 or ( ! press2 or ! "r ( ! p peaceably to assemble1 & to petition ! ,gov]nm5t = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,,ii4 ,a well regulat$ ,militia1 be+ necess>y to ! security ( a free ,/ate1 ! "r ( ! p to keep & be> ,arms1 %all n be infr+$4 ,,iii4 ,no ,soldi] %all1 9 "t ( peace be qu>t]$ 9 any h\se1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,own]1 nor 9 "t ( w>1 b 9 a mann] to be prescrib$ by law4 ,,iv4 ,! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 aga9/ unreasonable se>*es & seizures1 %all n be violat$1 & no ,w>rants %all issue1 b ^u probable cause1 support$ by ,oa? or affirmation1 & p>ticul>ly describ+ ! place to be se>*$1 & ! p]sons or ?+s to be seiz$4 ,v4 ,no p]son %all be held to answ] = a capital1 or o!rwise infam\s crime1 unless on a pres5tm5t or indictm5t ( a ,gr& ,jury1 except 9 cases aris+ 9 ! l& or naval =ces1 or 9 ! ,militia1 :5 9 actual s]vice 9 "t ( ,w> or public dang]2 nor %all any p]son be subject = ! same (f5ce to be twice put 9 jeop>dy ( life or limb2 nor %all be compell$ 9 any ,crim9al ,case to be witness aga9/ himself1 nor be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law2 nor %all private prop]ty be tak5 = public use1 )\t j comp5sation4 ,,vi4 ,9 all crim9al prosecutions1 ! accus$ %all enjoy ! "r to a spe$y & public trial1 by an imp>tial jury ( ! ,/ate & di/rict :]e9 ! crime %all h be5 committ$1 :i* di/rict %all h be5 previ\sly asc]ta9$ by law1 & to be in=m$ ( ! nature & cause ( ! accusation2 to be confront$ ) ! witnesses aga9/ him2 to h compulsory process = obta9+ ,witnesses 9 8 favor1 & to h ! ,assi/ance ( ,c\nsel = 8 def5ce4 ,,vii4 ,9 suits at common law1 :]e ! value 9 controv]sy %all exce$ tw5ty doll>s1 ! "r ( trial by jury %all be pres]v$1 & no fact tri$ by a jury %all be o!rwise re-exam9$ 9 any ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an accord+ to ! rules ( ! common law4 ,,viii4 ,excessive bail %all n be requir$1 nor excessive f9es impos$1 nor cruel & unusual puni%m5ts inflict$4 ,,ix4 ,! enum]ation 9 ! ,con/itution1 ( c]ta9 rights1 %all n be con/ru$ to d5y or disp>age o!rs reta9$ by ! p4 ,x4 ,! p[]s n delegat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! ,con/itution1 nor prohibit$ by x to ! ,/ates1 are res]v$ to ! ,/ates respectively1 or to ! p4 ,,xi4 ,! ,judicial p[] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all n be con/ru$ to ext5d to any suit 9 law or equity1 comm5c$ or prosecut$ aga9/ "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,citiz5s ( ano!r ,/ate1 or by ,citiz5s or ,subjects ( any ,=eign ,/ate4 ,,xii4 ,! ,electors %all meet 9 _! respective /ates1 & vote by ballot = ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t1 "o ( :om1 at lea/1 %all n be an inhabitant ( ! same /ate ) !mselves2 !y %all "n 9 _! ballots ! p]son vot$ = z ,presid5t1 & 9 di/9ct ballots ! p]son vot$ = z ,vice-,presid5t1 & !y %all make di/9ct li/s ( all p]sons vot$ = z ,presid5t1 & ( all p]sons vot$ = z ,vice-,presid5t1 & ( ! numb] ( votes = ea*1 :i* li/s !y %all sign & c]tify1 & transmit seal$ to ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 direct$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate2--,! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate %all1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 op5 all ! c]tificates & ! votes %all !n be c\nt$2--,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes = ,presid5t1 %all be ! ,presid5t1 if su* numb] be a majority ( ! :ole numb] ( ,electors appo9t$2 & if no p]son h su* majority1 !n f ! p]sons hav+ ! highe/ numb]s n exce$+ ?ree on ! li/ ( ^? vot$ = z ,presid5t1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all *oose imm$iately1 by ballot1 ! ,presid5t4 ,b 9 *oos+ ! ,presid5t1 ! votes %all be tak5 by /ates1 ! repres5tation f ea* /ate hav+ "o vote2 a quorum = ?is purpose %all consi/ ( a memb] or memb]s f two-?irds ( ! /ates1 & a majority ( all ! /ates %all be necess>y to a *oice4 ,& if ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all n *oose a ,presid5t :5ev] ! "r ( *oice %all devolve ^u !m1 be=e ! f\r? day ( ,m>* next foll[+1 !n ! ,vice-,presid5t %all act z ,presid5t1 z 9 ! case ( ! dea? or o!r con/itutional disability ( ! ,presid5t4 ,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes z ,vice-,presid5t1 %all be ! ,vice-,presid5t1 if su* numb] be a majority ( ! :ole numb] ( ,electors appo9t$1 & if no p]son h a majority1 !n f ! two highe/ numb]s on ! li/1 ! ,s5ate %all *oose ! ,vice-,presid5t2 a quorum = ! purpose %all consi/ ( two-?irds ( ! :ole numb] ( ,s5ators1 & a majority ( ! :ole numb] %all be necess>y to a *oice4 ,b no p]son con/itutionally ineligible to ! (fice ( ,presid5t %all be eligible to t ( ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,xiii4 ,,section #a4 ,nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 except z a puni%m5t = crime :]e( ! p>ty %all h be5 duly convict$1 %all exi/ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any place subject to _! jurisdiction4 ,,section #b4 ,congress %all h p[] to en=ce ?is article by appropriate legislation4 ,,xiv4 ,,section #a4 ,all p]sons born or naturaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & subject to ! jurisdiction !re(1 are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ( ! ,/ate :]e9 !y reside4 ,no ,/ate %all make or en=ce any law :i* %all abridge ! privileges or immunities ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 nor %all any ,/ate deprive any p]son ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law2 nor d5y to any p]son )9 its jurisdiction ! equal protection ( ! laws4 ,,section #b4 ,repres5tatives %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 c\nt+ ! :ole numb] ( p]sons 9 ea* ,/ate1 exclud+ ,indians n tax$4 ,b :5 ! "r to vote at any election = ! *oice ( electors = ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 ! ,executive & ,judicial (fic]s ( a ,/ate1 or ! memb]s ( ! ,legislature !re(1 is d5i$ to any ( ! male inhabitants ( su* ,/ate1 be+ tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any way abridg$1 except = p>ticipation 9 rebellion1 or o!r crime1 ! basis ( repres5tation !re9 %all be r$uc$ 9 ! proportion :i* ! numb] ( su* male citiz5s %all be> to ! :ole numb] ( male citiz5s tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age 9 su* ,/ate4 ,,section #c4 ,no p]son %all be a ,s5ator or ,repres5tative 9 ,congress1 or elector ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t1 or hold any (fice1 civil or milit>y1 "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or "u any ,/ate1 :o1 hav+ previ\sly tak5 an oa?1 z a memb] ( ,congress1 or z an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or z a memb] ( any ,/ate legislature1 or z an executive or judicial (fic] ( any ,/ate1 to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all h engag$ 9 insurrection or rebellion aga9/ ! same1 or giv5 aid or com=t to ! enemies !re(4 ,b ,congress may by a vote ( two-?irds ( ea* ,h\se1 remove su* disability4 ,,section #d4 ,! validity ( ! public debt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 au?oriz$ by law1 includ+ debts incurr$ = paym5t ( p5sions & b\nties = s]vices 9 suppress+ insurrection or rebellion1 %all n be que/ion$4 ,b nei!r ! ,unit$ ,/ates nor any ,/ate %all assume or pay any debt or obligation incurr$ 9 aid ( insurrection or rebellion aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any claim = ! loss or emancipation ( any slave2 b all su* debts1 obligations & claims %all be held illegal & void4 ,,section #e4 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to en=ce1 by appropriate legislation1 ! provisions ( ?is article4 ,,xv4 ,,section #a4 ,! "r citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote %all n be d5i$ or abridg$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates or by any ,/ate on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or previ\s condition ( s]vitude4 ,,section #b4 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to en=ce ?is article by appropriate legislation4 #a ,repr9t$ f ! text issu$ by ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t4 ,,index ,abolitioni/s4 ,acadia4 ,adams1 ,john2 ,vice-,presid5t2 ,presid5t2 8 adm9i/ration4 ,adams1 ,john ,qu9cy1 portrait2 & ! ,monroe ,doctr9e2 ,presid5t1 8 adm9i/ration2 & ! "r ( petition4 ,adams1 ,samuel4 ,alabama claims4 ,alaska1 pur*ase (2 map (4 ,albany ,congress4 ,alg]9e ,w>4 ,ali5 & ,s$ition ,acts4 ,all51 ,e?an4 ,am]ica1 discov]y (2 nam+ (4 ,am]ican ,association4 ,am]icus ,vespucius1 see ,vespucius4 ,&r1 ,major4 ,&ros1 ,sir ,edmund4 ,antietam1 battle (4 ,antislav]y agitation4 ,appomattox1 surr5d] at4 ,arnold1 ,b5$ict1 at ,quebec2 9 ,burgoyne's campaign2 treason (4 ,ar?ur1 ,c4,a41 ,vice-,presid5t2 ,presid5t4 ,articles ( ,conf$]ation4 ,atlanta ,campaign4 ,bacon's ,rebellion4 ,balboa discov]s ,pacific ,ocean4 ,baltimore1 ,"l4 ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,fir/2 ! ,second4 ,b5n+ton1 battle (4 ,bla9e1 ,j4,g41 c&idate = ! ,presid5cy4 ,blair1 ,f4,p4 ,blockade ( ,conf$]ate seaports4 ,bord] ,/ates 9 ,civil ,w>4 ,bo/on1 f\nd$2 massacre at2 de/ruction ( tea at2 clos+ ( ! port (2 siege (2 map ( siege4 ,braddock1 ,briti% g5]al4 ,bragg1 ,conf$]ate g5]al4 ,br&y w9e1 battle (4 ,breck9ridge1 ,john ,c41 ,vice-,presid5t2 defeat$ = ,presid5cy4 ,br[n1 ,g5]al ,jacob1 invades ,canada4 ,br[n1 ,john1 9 ,kansas2 at ,h>p]'s ,f]ry2 execut$4 ,bu*anan1 ,james1 ,presid5t2 comes out = ! ,union4 ,buell1 ,g5]al4 ,bull ,run1 battles (4 ,bunk] ,hill1 battle (4 ,burgoyne's campaign4 ,burnside1 ,g5]al ,a4,e4 ,cabot1 ,john1 discov]s ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,calh\n1 ,john ,c41 portrait2 9 ,congress2 ,vice-,presid5t2 8 ,exposition4 ,cali=nia1 ,drake on ! coa/ (2 seiz$ by ,am]icans2 discov]y ( gold 92 seeks admission to ! ,union4 ,camd51 battle (4 ,canada1 conque/ (2 invasion ( #agge2 9 ,w> ( #ahab4 ,c>ol9a1 settlem5t (2 rebellion 9 #agai2 sep>at$ into two prov9ces4 ,c>ti] 7k>'tia'74 ,cass1 ,lewis1 defeat$ = ! ,presid5cy4 ,ca?ay4 ,*ampla91 ,samuel de4 ,*ampla91 ,lake4 ,*ancellorsville1 battle (4 ,*>les ,,ii1 8 colonial policy4 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 attack$2 captur$2 9 ,civil ,w>4 ,*attanooga1 battle (4 ,*esapeake1 outrage on !4 ,*icago1 gr[? (2 great fire at4 ,columbian ,exhibition4 ,*ickamauga1 battle (4 ,cipango4 ,civil ,s]vice "u ,wa%+ton & ,adams2 "u ,jeff]son2 ,spoils ,sy/em 9 !2 re=m ( !4 ,cl>k1 ,g5]al ,g4,r41 conqu]s ! ,nor?we/4 ,clay1 ,h5ry1 portrait2 9 ,congress2 & ! ,miss\ri ,compromise2 defeat$ = ! ,presid5cy2 & ! ,compromise ( #ahej4 ,clevel&1 ,grov]1 portrait2 ,presid5t2 relect$ ,presid5t4 ,cl9ton1 ,briti% g5]al4 ,columbus discov]s ,am]ica4 ,committees ( ,correspond5ce4 ,compromises ( ! ,con/itution2 ( #ahbj2 ( #ahej4 ,concord1 battle (4 ,conf$]ate ,/ates4 ,conf$]ation ( ,new ,engl&4 ,conf$]ation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,articles (4 ,connecticut1 settlem5t (2 *>t] (4 ,con/itution1 =mation ( !2 facsimile ( fir/ l9es2 fir/ t5 am5dm5ts2 text (1 ,app5dix4 ,con/itution1 ! frigate1 *as$ by a ,briti% fleet2 & ! ,gu]rire4 ,con/itutional ,union ,p>ty4 ,cont95tal ,congress1 fir/2 second4 ,coronade1 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,cotton g94 ,c[p5s1 battle (4 ,craw=d1 ,william ,h41 defeat$ = ! ,presid5cy4 ,creek ,w>4 ,critical ,p]iod4 ,critt5d5 ,compromise4 ,cromwell1 ,oliv]1 & ! colonies4 ,cuba1 rebellions 9 7#ahfg-gg72 7#ahid-ih74 ,dale1 ,sir ,?omas4 ,davis1 ,jeff]son4 ,decatur1 ,/eph51 portrait2 9 ,alg]9e ,w>4 ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,decl>atory ,act4 ,democratic ,p>ty4 ,detroit1 surr5d] (4 ,dewey1 ,admiral4 ,dick9son1 ,john4 ,d\glas1 ,/eph5 ,a41 ,kansas-,nebraska ,act2 debate ) ,l9coln2 defeat$ = ,presid5cy2 comes out = ! ,union4 ,draft ,riots4 ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 8 great voyage4 ,dr$ ,scott ,decision4 ,duquesne1 ,=t4 ,dut* ,colonies4 ,elections1 presid5tial1 ( #ahjj2 ( #ahbd2 ( #ahdj2 ( #ahdd2 ( #ahdh2 ( #aheb2 ( #ahef2 ( #ahfj2 ( #ahfh2 ( #ahgb2 ( #ahgf2 ( #ahhj2 ( #ahhd2 ( #ahhh2 ( #ahib2 ( #ahif4 ,electoral ,commission4 ,emb>go1 ,jeff]son's4 ,era ( ,good ,feel+4 ,ericson1 ,leif 7,life er'ik-son74 ,ericsson1 ,john4 ,erie ,canal4 ,f>ragut1 ,admiral ,d4,g41 portrait2 at ,new ,orleans4 ,f$]al ,ratio4 ,f$]ali/ ,p>ty4 ,fifte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,fillmore1 ,mill>d1 portrait2 *os5 ,vice-,presid5t2 becomes ,presid5t4 ,florida1 discov]$2 settl$2 pur*as$4 ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,france1 explor]s & coloni/s (2 coloni/s conqu]$ by ,briti%2 recognizes indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 influ5ce ( revolution 91 on ,am]ica2 controv]sy4 ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 portrait2 e>ly life (2 exam9$ by ,h\se ( ,commons2 ,m9i/] to ,france2 9 ,f$]al ,conv5tion4 ,fr$]icksburg1 battle (4 ,free ,soil ,p>ty4 ,freeman's ,f>m1 battles (4 ,frmont1 ,john ,c42 portrait2 9 ,cali=nia2 defeat$ = ! ,presid5cy4 ,fugitive ,slave ,act4 ,fulton1 ,rob]t4 ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase4 ,gag ,resolutions4 ,gage1 ,briti% g5]al4 ,gama1 da 7d g'm74 ,g>field1 ,j4 ,a42 elect$ ,presid5t2 murd]$4 ,g>rison1 ,w4 ,l4 ,gates1 ,g5]al2 9 ,burgoyne's campaign2 defeat$ at ,camd54 ,g5et1 ,fr5* ,m9i/]4 ,georgia1 settlem5t (4 ,gettysburg1 battle (4 ,gh5t1 ,treaty (4 ,grant1 ,g5]al ,u4,s42 portrait2 seizes ,cairo2 captures ,=t ,donelson2 at ,%iloh2 captures ,vicksburg2 at ,*attanooga2 ,lieut5ant-,g5]al2 8 ,virg9ia ,campaign2 elect$ ,presid5t2 relect$ ,presid5t4 ,great ,brita92 ,treaty ( #aghc2 ,jay's ,treaty2 ,treaty ( ,gh5t2 ,treaty ( #ahdb2 ,oregon ,treaty2 ,alabama claims4 ,greeley1 ,horace2 portrait2 on secession2 defeat$ = ,presid5cy4 ,gre5e1 ,g5]al1 8 ,s\!rn ,campaigns4 ,gr5ville1 ,george4 ,guil=d1 battle (4 ,hamilton1 ,alex&]2 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury2 8 f9ancial policy2 8 con/itutional ideas2 intrigues aga9/ ,adams4 ,h>rison1 ,b5jam91 elect$ ,presid5t4 ,h>rison1 ,g5]al ,w4,h42 at ,tippecanoe2 elect$ ,presid5t2 8 dea?4 ,h>t=d ,conv5tion4 ,h>ve/]1 !4 ,hawaii annex$4 ,hawk9s1 ,sir ,john4 ,hayes1 ,r4,b41 elect$ ,presid5t4 ,h5ry1 ,patrick2 portrait2 ,p>son's ,cause2 8 ,/amp ,act ,resolutions2 9 ,cont95tal ,congress2 opposes ,con/itution4 ,hood1 ,conf$]ate g5]al4 ,hook]1 ,g5]al ,joseph4 ,hudson1 ,h5ry4 ,impressm5t4 ,iroquois4 ,jackson1 ,g5]al ,&rew2 portrait2 a ,creek ,w>2 def5ds ,new ,orleans2 c&idate = ,presid5cy2 elect$ ,presid5t2 8 adm9i/ration4 ,jame/[n1 f\nd$4 ,jay1 ,john4 ,jay's ,treaty4 ,jeff]son1 ,?omas2 portrait2 writes ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce2 ,secret>y ( ,/ate2 8 con/itutional ideas2 ,vice-,presid5t2 writes ,k5tucky ,resolutions2 elect$ ,presid5t2 8 adm9i/rations4 ,johnson1 ,&rew2 portrait2 ,presid5t2 8 recon/ruction policy2 impea*$4 ,john/on1 ,conf$]ate g5]al4 ,judici>y ,act ( #ahja4 ,kansas1 /ruggle =4 ,kansas-,nebraska ,act4 ,k5tucky ,resolutions4 ,kieft1 ,dut* gov]nor4 ,k+ ,philip's ,w>4 ,k+'s ,m\nta91 battle (4 ,lake ,erie1 battle (4 ,la ,salle1 8 explorations4 ,lee1 ,r4 ,e41 ,conf$]ate g5]al4 ,lee1 ,r4 ,h4 ,leon1 ,ponce de4 ,lewis & ,cl>k4 ,lex+ton1 battle (4 ,lib]ty1 !1 seiz$4 ,l9coln1 ,abraham2 portrait2 e>ly life2 ,debate ) ,d\glas2 elect$ ,presid5t2 fir/ inaugural2 ,emancipation ,proclamation2 murd]$2 recon/ruction policy4 ,liv+/on1 ,r4 ,r42 portrait2 negotiates ,l\isiana ,pur*ase4 ,locomotive inv5t$4 ,l\isiana2 settlem5t (2 c$$ to ,spa92 return$ to ,france2 pur*as$ by ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,loyali/s4 ,lundy's ,lane1 battle (4 ,madison1 ,james2 portrait2 9 ,f$]al conv5tion2 writes ,virg9ia ,resolutions2 ,presid5t2 8 w> message4 ,magellan1 8 great voyage4 ,ma9e1 de/ruction ( !4 ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,manila ,bay1 battle (4 ,manila1 captur$4 ,m>yl& ,tol]ation ,act4 ,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e4 ,massa*usetts ,circul> ,lett]4 ,mayfl[] compact4 ,mc,clellan1 ,g5]al ,g4,b42 portrait2 ,p59sul> ,campaign2 at ,antietam4 ,mc,cormick1 ,c4,h41 inv5ts horse reap]4 ,mc,kinley1 ,william2 portrait2 ,presid5t4 ,meade1 ,g5]al ,g4,g4 ,m55dez 7m-n5'de?74 ,mexico2 ,w> )2 ! ,fr5* 94 ,miss\ri ,compromise4 ,monitor & ,m]rimac4 ,monm\?1 battle (4 ,monroe ,doctr9e4 ,monroe1 ,james2 portrait2 negotiates ,l\isiana ,pur*ase2 ,presid5t4 ,morgan1 ,g5]al ,d44 ,morse1 ,s4,f4,b4 ,m\ltrie1 ,g5]al4 ,murfreesboro'1 battle (4 ,na%ville1 battle (4 ,national debt2 orig9 (2 ,jeff]son & !4 ,neutral comm]ce4 ,neutrality ,proclamation4 ,new ,am/]dam4 ,new ,engl& colonies1 settlem5t (4 ,new ,engl& ,conf$]ation4 ,new ,j]sey4 ,new ,ne!rl&4 ,new ,orleans2 def5d$ by ,jackson2 captur$ by ,f>ragut4 ,new ,sw$54 ,new ,york ,city2 9 #ahjj2 9 #ahcj2 9 #ahfj4 ,non-,con=mi/s4 ,non-,importation agreem5ts4 ,non-,int]c\rse ,act4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,nullification4 ,ogle?orpe1 ,g5]al4 ,ord9ance ( #aghg4 ,oregon2 claims to2 divid$4 ,oriskany1 battle (4 ,otis1 ,james4 ,pacific ,ocean1 discov]$4 ,panic2 ( #ahcg2 ( #ahgc4 ,p>is2 ,peace ( 7#agfc72 7#aghc74 ,p>son's cause4 ,p>ties1 political1 =mation (4 ,p59sul> ,campaign4 ,p5n1 ,william4 ,p5nsylvania1 settlem5t (4 ,pequod ,w>4 ,p]ry1 ,commodore4 ,pet]sburg1 blockade (4 ,petition1 "r (4 ,philadelphia4 ,pi]ce1 ,frankl92 portrait2 ,presid5t2 comes out = ! ,union4 ,pilgrims4 ,pitt1 ,william4 ,plattsburg1 battle (4 ,plym\?1 settlem5t (4 ,polk1 ,james ,k42 portrait2 ,presid5t4 ,polo1 ,m>co4 ,pope1 ,g5]al ,john4 ,porto ,rico1 occupi$4 ,presid5t1 h[ *os54 ,pr9ceton1 battle (4 ,proclamation ( #agfc4 ,provid5ce1 f\nd$4 ,puritans1 !4 ,quak]s4 ,quebec ,act4 ,quebec2 f\nd$2 captur$4 ,railroads1 gr[? (4 ,ralegh1 ,sir ,walt]4 ,reap]1 ! horse4 ,recon/ruction ,acts4 ,religion4 ,republican ,p>ty2 ( ,jeff]son2 ( ,l9coln4 ,revolution>y ,w>1 campaigns (4 ,rhode ,isl&1 settlem5t (4 ,ribault 7re'bo'71 ,fr5* explor]4 ,rock+ham ,m9i/ry4 ,rosecrans1 ,g5]al4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 f\nd$4 ,sampson1 ,admiral4 ,s&ys1 ,sir ,edw94 ,santiago4 ,s>atoga1 ,burgoyne's surr5d] at4 ,s*uyl]4 ,g5]al4 ,scott1 ,g5]al ,w9field2 8 ,mexican campaign2 defeat$ = ,presid5cy2 views on secession4 ,secession4 ,sep>ati/s4 ,sew>d1 ,w4,h42 portrait2 on ,kansas4 ,%ays's ,rebellion4 ,%]idan1 ,g5]al ,philip2 portrait2 at ,*ickamauga2 9 ,virg9ia2 8 ,valley ,campaigns4 ,%]man1 ,g5]al ,w4,t42 portrait2 at ,*attanooga2 captures ,atlanta2 ! m>* ?r\gh ,georgia2 ! m>* ?r\gh ! ,c>ol9as4 ,%iloh1 battle (4 ,slav]y2 9 ,virg9ia2 compromises2 ,miss\ri ,compromise2 petitions 9 ,congress2 ,compromise ( #ahej2 aboli%$4 ,soto1 de 7d s'to7 9 ! ,s\!a/4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 settlem5t (2 nullification 92 secession (4 ,spa92 pione]s (2 ,treaty ) 7#agie72 ,w> )4 ,spotsylvania1 battle (4 ,squatt] ,sov]eignty4 ,/amp ,act4 ,/amp ,act ,congress4 ,/>k1 ,g5]al4 ,/eamboat1 !4 ,/eph51 ,a4 ,h4 ,/eub51 ,b>on4 ,/[e1 ,mrs4 ,h4,b4 ,/u>t ,tyranny 9 ! colonies4 ,/uyvesant1 ,dut* gov]nor4 ,sumt]1 fall ( ,=t4 ,t>iffs2 #aghi2 ( #ahaf1 #ahbd1 #ahbh2 ! ,compromise2 ,mc,kinley2 ,d+ley4 ,taylor1 ,g5]al ,za*>y2 portrait2 8 ,mexican ,campaign2 ,presid5t2 dea?4 ,tea ,tax4 ,tecumseh or ,tecum!4 ,telegraph1 !4 ,t5ure ( ,(fice ,acts2 ,craw=d's2 ( #ahfg4 ,texas2 ,republic (2 admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,?irte5? ,am5dm5t4 ,?omas1 ,g5]al ,george ,h42 portrait2 8 s]vices4 ,ticond]oga4 ,tippecanoe1 battle (4 ,t[n%5d ,acts1 !4 ,treaties2 #aggh 7) ,france72 #aghc 7) ,great ,brita972 ,jay's ,treaty2 #agie 7) ,spa972 #ahjj 7) ,france72 ,l\isiana ,pur*ase2 ( ,gh5t2 ,florida ,pur*ase2 #ahdb 7) ,great ,brita972 ,oregon ,treaty2 #ahdh 7) ,mexico72 ,gadsd5 ,pur*ase2 #ahih 7) ,spa974 ,tr5t ,affair4 ,tr5ton1 battle (4 ,twelf? ,am5dm5t4 ,tyl]1 ,john2 portrait2 ,vice-,presid5t2 ,presid5t4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 area & population (2 9 #ahjj2 9 #ahcj2 9 #ahfj4 ,van ,bur51 ,m>t92 ,presid5t2 defeat$ = ,presid5cy4 ,v]razano 7v]-r-ts'no74 ,vespucius1 ,am]icus2 portrait2 8 voyages4 ,vicksburg1 ,campaign (4 ,v9l&4 ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,resolutions4 ,virg9ia ,resolves ( #agfi4 ,virg9ia1 settlem5t (4 ,w> ( #ahab4 ,wa%+ton1 ,george2 portrait2 8 e>ly life2 fir/ campaign2 on ! ,bo/on ,po/ ,act2 9 ,cont95tal ,congress2 9 ,revolution>y ,w>2 9 ,f$]al ,conv5tion2 ,presid5t2 8 neutrality proclamation2 f>ewell address2 dea?4 ,wa%+ton ,city4 ,web/]1 ,daniel2 portrait2 8 reply to ,hayne4 ,web/]1 ,noah1 portrait2 8 ,diction>y4 ,:ig ,p>ty1 !4 ,:iskey ,insurrection4 ,:itney4 ,wild]ness1 battle ( !4 ,williams1 ,rog]4 ,wilmot ,proviso4 ,wolfe1 ,g5]al4 ,writs ( ,assi/ance4 ,x4,y4,z4 ,affair4 ,yorkt[n1 capture (4 ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,indep5d5ce ,9 ,congress1 ,july #d1 #aggf1 ,,! ,,unanim\s ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,! ,,?irte5 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica1 ,:5 9 ! ,c\rse ( human ev5ts1 x becomes necess>y = "o p to dissolve ! political b&s :i* h connect$ !m ) ano!r1 & to assume among ! ,p[]s ( ! e>?1 ! sep>ate & equal /ation to :i* ! ,laws ( ,nature & ( ,nature's ,god entitle !m1 a dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d requires t !y %\ld decl>e ! causes :i* impel !m to ! sep>ation4 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 unali5able ,rights1 t among ^! are ,life1 ,lib]ty & ! pursuit ( ,happ9ess4 ,t to secure ^! rights1 ,gov]nm5ts are in/itut$ among ,m51 d]iv+ _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 ,t :5ev] any ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( ^! ends1 x is ! ,"r ( ! ,p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & to in/itute new ,gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su* pr9ciples & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! ,safety & ,happ9ess4 ,prud5ce1 inde$1 w dictate t ,gov]nm5ts long e/abli%$ %\ld n be *ang$ = light & transi5t causes2 & accord+ly all exp]i5ce ha? %[n1 t mank9d are m dispos$ to suff]1 :ile evils are suff]able1 ?an to "r !mselves by aboli%+ ! =ms to :i* !y are accu/om$4 ,b :5 a long tra9 ( abuses & usurpations1 pursu+ inv>iably ! same ,object ev9ces a design to r$uce !m "u absolute ,despotism1 x is _! "r1 x is _! duty1 to ?r[ (f su* ,gov]nm5t1 & to provide new ,gu>ds = _! future security4--,su* has be5 ! pati5t suff]ance ( ^! ,colonies2 & su* is n[ ! necessity :i* con/ra9s !m to alt] _! =m] ,sy/ems ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! hi/ory ( ! pres5t ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9 is a hi/ory ( repeat$ injuries & usurpations1 all hav+ 9 direct object ! e/abli%m5t ( an absolute ,tyranny ov] ^! ,/ates4 ,to prove ?is1 let ,facts be submitt$ to a c&id _w4 ,he has refus$ 8 ,ass5t to ,laws1 ! mo/ :olesome & necess>y = ! public good4 ,he has =bidd5 8 ,gov]nors to pass ,laws ( imm$iate & press+ importance1 unless susp5d$ 9 _! op]ation till 8 ,ass5t %\ld be obta9$2 & :5 s susp5d$1 he has utt]ly neglect$ to att5d to !m4 ,he has refus$ to pass o!r ,laws = ! accommodation ( l>ge di/ricts ( p1 unless ^? p w\ld rel9qui% ! "r ( ,repres5tation 9 ! ,legislature1 a "r ine/imable to !m & =midable to tyrants only4 ,he has call$ toge!r legislative bodies at places unusual1 uncom=table1 & di/ant f ! depository ( _! ,public ,records1 = ! sole purpose ( fatigu+ !m into compliance ) 8 measures4 ,he has dissolv$ ,repres5tative ,h\ses repeat$ly1 = oppos+ ) manly firmness 8 invasions on ! rights ( ! p4 ,he has refus$ = a long "t1 aft] su* dissolutions1 to cause o!rs to be elect$2 :]eby ! ,legislative ,p[]s1 incapable ( ,annihilation1 h return$ to ! ,p at l>ge = _! ex]cise2 ! ,/ate rema9+ 9 ! mean "t expos$ to all ! dang]s ( invasion f )\t1 & convulsions )94 ,he has endeav\r$ to prev5t ! population ( ^! ,/ates2 = t purpose ob/ruct+ ! ,laws ( ,naturalization ( ,=eign]s2 refus+ to pass o!rs to enc\rage _! migration hi!r1 & rais+ ! conditions ( new ,appropriations ( ,l&s4 ,he has ob/ruct$ ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,ju/ice1 by refus+ 8 ,ass5t to ,laws = e/abli%+ ,judici>y ,p[]s4 ,he has made ,judges dep5d5t on 8 ,w alone1 = ! t5ure ( _! (fices1 & ! am\nt & paym5t ( _! sal>ies4 ,he has erect$ a multitude ( ,new ,(fices1 & s5t hi!r sw>ms ( ,(fic]s to h>ass our ,p1 & eat out _! sub/ance4 ,he has kept among u1 9 times ( peace1 ,/&+ ,armies )\t ! ,cons5t ( our legislature4 ,he has affect$ to r5d] ! ,milit>y indep5d5t ( & sup]ior to ! ,civil ,p[]4 ,he has comb9$ ) o!rs to subject u to a jurisdiction =eign to our con/itution1 & unackn[l$g$ by our laws2 giv+ 8 ,ass5t to _! acts ( pret5d$ legislation3 ,= qu>t]+ l>ge bodies ( arm$ troops among u3 ,= protect+ !m1 by a mock ,trial1 f ,puni%m5t = any ,murd]s :i* !y %\ld commit on ! ,inhabitants ( ^! ,/ates3 ,= cutt+ (f our ,trade ) all p>ts ( ! _w3 ,= impos+ taxes on u )\t our ,cons5t3 ,= depriv+ u 9 _m cases1 ( ! b5efits ( ,trial by ,jury3 ,= transport+ u beyond ,seas to be tri$ = pret5d$ (f5ces3 ,= aboli%+ ! free ,sy/em ( ,engli% ,laws 9 a neighb\r+ ,prov9ce1 e/abli%+ !re9 an ,arbitr>y gov]nm5t1 & enl>g+ its ,b\nd>ies s z to r5d] x at once an example & fit in/rum5t = introduc+ ! same absolute rule into ^! ,colonies3 ,= tak+ away our ,*>t]s1 aboli%+ our mo/ valuable ,laws1 & alt]+ fundam5tally ! ,=ms ( our ,gov]nm5ts3 ,= susp5d+ our own ,legislature1 & decl>+ !mselves inve/$ ) ,p[] to legislate = u 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,he has abdicat$ ,gov]nm5t "h1 by decl>+ u out ( 8 ,protection & wag+ ,w> aga9/ u4 ,he has plund]$ our seas1 ravag$ our ,coa/s1 burnt our t[ns1 & de/roy$ ! lives ( our p4 ,he is at ?is "t transport+ l>ge armies ( =eign m]c5>ies to compleat ! works ( dea?1 desolation & tyranny1 already begun ) circum/ances ( ,cruelty p]fidy sc>cely p>allel$ 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s ages1 & totally unwor?y ! ,head ( a civiliz$ nation4 ,he has con/ra9$ our fell[ ,citiz5s tak5 ,captive on ! high ,seas to be> ,arms aga9/ _! ,c\ntry1 to become ! execution]s ( _! fri5ds & ,bre?r51 or to fall !mselves by _! ,h&s4 ,he has excit$ dome/ic insurrections among/ u1 & has endeav\r$ to br+ on ! inhabitants ( our fronti]s1 ! m]ciless ,indian ,savages1 ^: kn[n rule ( w>f>e1 is an undi/+ui%$ de/ruction ( all ages1 sexes & conditions4 ,9 e /age ( ^! ,oppressions ,we h ,petition$ = ,r$ress 9 ! mo/ humble t]ms3 ,our repeat$ ,petitions h be5 answ]$ only by repeat$ injury4 ,a ,pr9ce1 ^: "* is ?us m>k$ by e act :i* may def9e a ,tyrant1 is unfit to be ! rul] ( a free ,p4 ,nor h ,we be5 want+ 9 att5tion to our ,britti% bre?r54 ,we h w>n$ !m f "t to "t ( attempts by _! legislature to ext5d an unw>rantable jurisdiction ov] u4 ,we h rem9d$ !m ( ! circum/ances ( our emigration & settlem5t "h4 ,we h appeal$ to _! native ju/ice & magnanimity1 & we h conjur$ !m by ! ties ( our common k9dr$ to disav[ ^! usurpations1 :i*1 w\ld inevitably int]rupt our connections & correspond5ce4 ,!y too h be5 deaf to ! voice ( ju/ice & ( consangu9ity4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 acquiesce 9 ! necessity1 :i* d5\nces our ,sep>ation1 & hold !m1 z we hold ! re/ ( mank9d1 ,enemies 9 ,w>1 9 ,peace ,fri5ds4 ,we1 !re=e1 ! ,repres5tatives ( ! unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 9 ,g5]al ,congress1 ,assembl$1 appeal+ to ! ,supreme ,judge ( ! _w = ! rectitude ( our int5tions1 d 9 ! ,"n1 & by ,au?ority ( ! good ,p ( ^! ,colonies1 solemnly publi% & decl>e1 ,t ^! ,unit$ ,colonies are1 & ( ,"r ought to be ,free & ,indep5d5t ,/ates2 t !y are ,absolv$ f all ,allegiance to ! ,briti% ,cr[n1 & t all political connection betwe5 !m & ! ,/ate ( ,great ,brita91 is & ought to be totally dissolv$2 & t z ,free & ,indep5d5t ,/ates1 !y h full ,p[] to levy ,w>1 conclude ,peace1 contract ,alliances1 e/abli% ,comm]ce1 & to d all o!r ,acts & ,?+s :i* ,indep5d5t ,/ates may ( "r d4 ,& = ! support ( ?is ,decl>ation1 ) a firm reliance on ! ,protection ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 we mutually pl$ge to ea* o!r our ,lives1 our ,=tunes & our sacr$ ,honor4 ,,john ,,hancock4 ,new ,hamp%ire--,,josiah ,,b>tlett1 ,,wm4 ,,:ipple1 ,,mat!w ,,?ornton4 ,massa*usetts ,bay--,,saml4 ,,adams1 ,,john ,,adams1 ,,robt4 ,,treat ,,pa9e1 ,,elbridge ,,g]ry4 ,rhode ,isl&--,,/ep4 ,,hopk9s1 ,,william ,,ell]y4 ,connecticut--,,rog] ,,%]man1 ,,sam',,el ,,hunt+ton1 ,,wm4 ,,williams1 ,,oliv] ,,wolcott4 ,new ,york--,,wm4 ,,floyd1 ,,phil4 ,,liv+/on1 ,,frans4 ,,lewis1 ,,lewis ,,morris4 ,new ,j]sey--,,ri*d4 ,,/ockton1 ,,jno4 ,,)]spoon1 ,,fras4 ,,hopk9son1 ,,john ,,h>t1 ,,abra4 ,,cl>k4 ,p5nsylvania--,,robt4 ,,morris1 ,,b5jam9 ,,ru%1 ,,b5ja4 ,,frankl91 ,,john ,,morton1 ,,geo4 ,,clym]1 ,,jas4 ,,smi?1 ,,geo4 ,,taylor1 ,,james ,,wilson1 ,,geo4 ,,ross4 ,delaw>e-,,caes> ,,rodney1 ,,geo4 ,,read1 ,,?o4 ,m',,kean4 ,m>yl&--,,samuel ,,*ase1 ,,wm4 ,,paca1 ,,?os4 ,,/one1 ,,*>les ,,c>roll ( ,c>rollton4 ,virg9ia--,,george ,,wy!1 ,,ri*>d ,,h5ry ,,lee1 ,,?4 ,,jeff]son1 ,,b5ja4 ,,h>rison1 ,,?os4 ,,nelson1 jr41 ,,francis ,,lightfoot ,,lee1 ,,c>t] ,,braxton4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a--,,wm4 ,,hoop]1 ,,joseph ,,hewes1 ,,john ,,p5n4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a--,,edw>d ,,rutl$ge1 ,,?os4 ,,heyw>d1 ,junr41 ,,?omas ,,lyn*1 ,junr41 ,,ar?ur ,,middleton4 ,georgia--,,button ,,gw9nett1 ,,lyman ,,hall1 ,,geo4 ,,walton4#b #b ,?is arrangem5t ( ! names is made = conv5i5ce4 ,! ,/ates are n m5tion$ 9 ! orig9al4