,,! ,,?ree ,,additions ,,to ,,daniel ,a ,/udy ,,by ,,william ,,hea=d ,,daubney1 ,b4,d4 ,,j]emie ,,prizeman1 #ahgc ,,=m]ly ,,vic> ,,( ,,h>l+ton1 ,,b$=d%ire1 ,,& ,,rector ,,( ,,leas+ham1 ,,l9coln%ire2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,apocrypha ,,9 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*1 ,,etc4 4 --,hi/4 ,sus4 v4 #fj4 ,,cambridge ,,deighton ,,bell ,,& ,,co4 ,,london ,g4 ,,bell ,,sons #aijf ,to my ,wife ,alice ,daubney ,,preface ,! ?ree apocryphal portions ( ,daniel consid]$ 9 ?is book h (t5 be5 h>dly judg$4 ,"o ( !m _h almo/ become a byword ( contempt = fabul\s inv5tiv5ess4 ,yet ! writ] hopes t he has succe$$ 9 %ew+ t !y are wor?y ( m s]i\s att5tion ?an !y h frequ5tly receiv$4 ,! prejudice long exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry aga9/ ! ,apocrypha z a :ole has told heavily aga9/ two at any rate ( ^! booklets2 & he :o attempts to inve/igate ! nature & orig9 ( ! ,additions to ,daniel f9ds himself foll[+ a track :i* is any?+ b well beat54 ,! numb] ( comm5t>ies or treatises 9 ,engli% deal+ directly ) ^! works is v small4 ,inde$1 consid]+ ! position accord$ to !m by ! ,*ur*1 x is surpris+ly s4 ,& ( ^? :i* exi/1 "s are n v valuable = accurate /udy4 ,h5ce1 9 prep>+ a treatise ( ?is k9d1 mat]ials h to be qu>ri$ & br\ght toge!r f v>i$ & di/ant s\rces2 & ! "w1 small z its result may be 9 size1 has prov$ a labori\s "o4 ,! conclusions arriv$ at on _m po9ts are b provisional2 = ! writ] ?9ks t ! day has n yet come :5 ! s\rce & place ( ^! ,additions to ,daniel c be surely & incontrov]tibly fix$4 ,x is to be hop$ t fur!r evid5ce & long] /udy w ev5tually make ^! matt]s cle>] ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,mean:ile1 c>eful & unprejudic$ "w ^u ! subject1 by :omsoev] und]tak51 _c b t5d t[>ds t goal2 & ! au?or tru/s t he may h contribut$ some?+ :i* w help1 at lea/ a little1 t[>ds ! solution ( ! difficult problem pres5t$4 ,! ,song ( ! ,?ree & ! ,hi/ories ( ,susanna & ( ,bel & ! ,dragon are mo/ int]e/+ memorials ( ! _s ( _! "t1 ?\gh t "t may be difficult to fix precisely4 ,& :5 look$ at f ! religi\s po9t ( view !y are replete ) valuable moral lessons = example ( life & in/ruction ( mann]s1 to borr[ ! t]ms :i* ! ,six? ,article ( ,religion employs ) reg>d to ! ,apocryphal books4 ,an attempt has be5 made1 9 a conclud+ *apt] on ea* book1 to draw "s ( ^! lessons out1 s t !y may be easily available = su* homiletic & o!r purposes z are contemplat$ 9 t ,article4 ,! /udy ( ^! ?ree pieces supplem5t>y to ,daniel has conv9c$ ! writ] t !y are ( m value ?an has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 & are wor?y ( ! att5tion ( biblical s*ol>s 9 a mu* high] degree ?an t :i* has usually be5 accord$ to !m4 ,if he has 9 any way help$ 9 provid+ mat]ials1 or 9 sugge/+ ideas1 :i* may fructify 9 abl] h&s1 he w be rew>d$ = ! rese>*es he has made4 ,x appe>s to him t !re is mu* connect$ ) ^! books :i* we are unable n[ fully to discov]2 mu* ab\t :i* x is unwise to dogmatize2 _m que/ions :i* mu/ be treat$ z op5 ones2 _m problems :i* c at mo/ only receive provisional solutions1 till fur!r facts are elicit$ & fur!r insight giv54 ,! "t is app>5tly /ill di/ant :5 ! orig9 & true /&+ ( ^! ,additions c be c]ta9ly assign$ to !m3 =1 at ! pres5t1 agreem5t among/ ,*ri/ians on ^! po9ts %ews b little sign ( be+ arriv$ at4 ,yet we tru/ t ! "t w come :5 deep] k w make x possible = disput$ po9ts to be settl$4 ,! pati5ce ( ! godly %all n be fru/rate 7,ecclus4 xvi4 #ac74 ,9 conclusion ,i mu/ record my he>ty ?anks to ,dr4 ,s9k]1 ,libr>ian ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 = ! great assi/ance he has giv5 me 9 correct+ ! pro(-%eets1 z well z = 8 con/ant k9dness 9 _m o!r ways1 ( :i* ^! words are b an insuffici5t ackn[l$gm5t4 ,w4,h4,d4 ,,/4 ,,m>g>et',s ,,gate1 ,,bury ,,/4 ,,edmunds4 ,/4 ,mat?ias' ,day1 #aijf4 ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,"p ,i4 ,,introduction ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,holy ,,*ildr54 ,analysis #a4 ,title & ,position #b4 ,au?or%ip #c4 ,date & ,place ( ,writ+ #d4 ,= ,:om & ) :at ,object ,writt5 #e4 ,integrity & ,/ate ( ! ,text #f4 ,language & ,/yle #g4 ,religi\s & ,social ,/ate #h4 ,!ology #i4 ,*ronology #aj4 ,canonicity #aa4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,art #ab4 ,liturgical ,use #ac4 ,example ( ,life & ,in/ruction ( ,mann]s ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,susanna4 ,analysis #a4 ,title & ,position #b4 ,date & ,place ( ,writ+ #c4 ,au?or%ip #d4 ,= ,:om & ) :at ,object ,writt5 #e4 ,integrity & ,/ate ( ! ,text #f4 ,language & ,/yle #g4 ,religi\s & ,social ,/ate #h4 ,!ology #i4 ,*ronology #aj4 ,canonicity #aa4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,art #ab4 ,example ( ,life & ,in/ruction ( ,mann]s ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,bel ,,& ,,! ,,dragon4 ,analysis #a4 ,title & ,position #b4 ,au?or%ip #c4 ,date & ,place ( ,writ+ #d4 ,= ,:om & ) :at ,object ,writt5 #e4 ,integrity & ,/ate ( ! ,text #f4 ,language & ,/yle #g4 ,religi\s & ,social ,/ate #h4 ,!ology #i4 ,*ronology #aj4 ,canonicity #aa4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,art #ab4 ,example ( ,life & ,in/ruction ( ,mann]s ,,index ,,( ,,prop] ,,names ,,index ,,( ,,scripture ,,texts ,! text ( ! ',additions' us$ ?r\gh\t is t ( ,dr4 ,swete's ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,greek1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ed4 #b1 ,cambridge1 #ahii4 ,,"p ,i ,,introduction ,,introduction4 ,^! ,additions diff] f ! o!r ,apocryphal books1 except ! re/ ( ,e/h]1 9 n claim+ to be sep>ate works1 b appe>+ z supplem5ts to a canonical book4 ,! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 takes its assum$ place betwe5 vv4 #bc & #bd ( ,dan4 iii42 ! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna 9 ! language ( ! ,a4,v4 is set ap>t f ! beg9n+ ( ,daniel2 & ,bel & ! ,dragon is cut (f f ! end ( ! same book4 ,! fir/ ( ^! additions alone has an organic connection ) ! ma9 n>rative2 ! o!r two are indep5d5t sc5es f ! life1 or :at purports to be ! life1 ( ,daniel--episodes1 "o 9 8 e>li]1 "o 9 8 lat]1 c>e]4 ,9 ! ,song1 ,daniel p]sonally does n appe> at all2 9 ,susanna & 9 ,bel he plays a conspicu\s "p2 9 ,susanna appe>+ z a sort ( 'deus ex ma*9a' to set ?+s "r at ! end2 & 9 ,bel he is an ess5tial actor 9 ! :ole /ory4 ,x is hop$ to %ew1 among/ o!r ?+s1 t ! dissimil>ity suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 ^! additions & ! re/ ( ,daniel is by no means s great z has sometimes be5 imag9$4 ,! op9ion ( "o ( ! late/ comm5tators on ,daniel 7,m>ti1 ,tb+51 #aija1 p4 xx7 may be tak5 z a fair sample ( ?is view4 ,he ?9ks ^! pieces by no means congru\s ) ! canonical ,daniel3 ,d5 ,ab/& dies] apokryphis*5 ,erzhlung5 von dem 9 hebr>am4 ,dan4 aufg5omm5 ,volk/radition kann niem& v]k5n54 ,s f> z ^! additions to ! cont5ts ( ,daniel are conc]n$1 he w\ld agree ) ! exagg]at$ /atem5t ( ,trommius z to all ! ,apocrypha3 ad libros canonicos ,s4 ,scriptur proprie non p]t95t nec cum ,grca eorum v]sione quicquam commune hab5t1 etc4 7,concord4 ,prf4 xi474 ,! %>p di/9ction drawn by ,j4,m4 ,full] also betwe5 ! /yle & ?\ght ( ^! additions1 & ( ! canonical ,daniel1 is f> too /rong3 z cle>ly m>k$ z betwe5 ! canonical & apocryphal gospels4 ,few w ?9k ! sep>ation betwe5 !m s wide z ?is 7,speak]'s ,comm4 ,introd4 to ,dan4 p4 #bba;a74 ,moreov]1 !y are mu* less obvi\sly incongru\s1 less pla9ly meant = edify+ improvem5ts by a lat] h&1 ?an ! ,additions to ,e/h]4 ,b beyond ! connection1 m or less /rong1 :i* ^! pieces h ) ! canonical book1 !y h also a connection1 by means ( c]ta9 simil> features1 ) "o ano!r4 ,all h ?is 9 common1 viz4 ! celebration or record ( "s deliv]ance4 ,god's p]secut$ p are rescu$ f mortal dang]4 ,9 ! fir/ & ?ird cases !y suff] at ! h&s ( idolat]s2 9 ! second1 ( ,jewi% co-religioni/s4 ,9 ea* case !y provide u ) a sc5e f ,israeliti% life 9 a /range l&4 ,!y are tales ( ! ,babylonian ,captivity4 ,9 ea* /ory ! m9i/ry ( angels1 giv+ aid aga9/ visible foes1 takes a prom95t place2 ?\gh 9 ,susanna ^! appe>ances are suppress$ 9 ,!odotion's v]sion1 an angel1 h[ev]1 be+ j m5tion$ 9 ,daniel's s5t5ces ( condemnation4 ,9 ea* case too !re is di/9ct progress "u ,god's guid+ h&2 ?+s are left mu* bett] at ! end ?an at ! beg9n+4 ,!re is a tone ( confid5ce1 br$ ( sure conviction1 9 "o abundantly express$1 9 ! o!rs lat5t1 z to ! ultimate triumph ( "r4 ,!y agree 9 ! c]ta9ty ( ,god's def5ce1 & %ew complete reliance on ,him4 ,! ,captivity _h done a purify+ "w4 ,^! /ories ( rescue f oppressors w\ld be specially acceptable to ! ,jews ( ! ,babylonian ,captivity2 m s probably ?an to ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion else:]e4 ,h[beit !y are records ( zeal & tru/ :i* h mov$ _m he>ts 9 all ages & places4 ,9 ! la/ two ,daniel appe>s z a p]son ( great k & p[]1 successfully act+ "u ! ,div9e guidance4 ,9 all ?ree !re is little :i* c prop]ly be call$ /ra9$ or f>-fet*$4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ is drawn naturally f :at we may presume w\ld be ! condition ( ,daniel's "t4 ,bo? beh9d & ?r\gh ! details ( ! /ories we c see ! he>t ( "o :o prais$ ,god1 lov$ ju/ice1 & hat$ idolatry2 :o took delight 9 :at 0 noble1 pure1 & tru?ful1 & wag$ a successful w>f>e ) :atev] he enc\nt]$ ( an opposite "*4 ,ea* piece1 moreov]1 has :at may be ?\ght to be its own allusion or rem9isc5ce 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& ea* ( ^! p>allels1 curi\sly en\gh1 seems em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ! addition :5ce x may h be5 tak54 ,?us we f9d 9 ! p>allel ( ,/4 ,matt1 xxvii4 #bd ) ,susanna #df ! ass]tion ( innoc5cy 9 respect ( misc>riage ( ju/ice2 9 t ( ,heb4 xii4 #bc ) ! ,song #fd 7#hf71 ! utt]ance ( ! spirits & s\ls ( ! righte\s2 & 9 t ( ,acts xvii4 #bc ) ,bel & ,dragon #bg1 ! mock] ( idols4 ,"o is f ! beg9n+1 "o f ! mid/1 "o f ! end ( ! ,greek ,daniel2 ! fir/ by ,/4 ,mat!w report+ ,pilate2 ! second by a writ] n c]ta9ly id5tifi$2 ! ?ird by ,/4 ,luke report+ ,/4 ,paul4 ,^! may be m]ely accid5tal resemblances1 b _! occurr5ce 9 ?is way is curi\s1 & wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,z to ! position ( ^! pieces1 :e!r 9 or out ( ! canon1 x is probable1 speak+ g5]ally1 t ^? :o us$ ! ,hebrew ,bible1 or v]sions un9flu5c$ by ! ,,lxx1 disreg>d$ !m z n be+ "p ( ,holy ,scripture2 & t ^? :o us$ ! ,,lxx1 or its v]sions1 accept$ !m1 ei!r ) or )\t hesitation4 ,"u ! *apt]s entitl$ ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature x w be se5 t ^? 7 by no means want+ :o appe> to attribute 9 practical use canonical au?ority to ea* fragm5t2 & at lea/ :at ,otto ,/hel9 says ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 t he ni*t g]+] s*tzte1 may be held true ( ne>ly all ! ,fa!rs :o "n !m 7,clem4 ,alex1 und ,,lxx1 ,nrnb]g1 #aija1 p4 #gd74 ,x is1 h[ev]1 surpris+ t ?is div]g5ce ( use1 9 s important a matt] z ! ext5t ( ! canon1 did n give rise to a m g5]al controv]sy4 ,:at discussion !re 0 on ?is "q lay *iefly betwe5 a few s*ol>ly individuals1 :o treat$ ! matt] z ( private & p]sonal1 almo/ z mu* z ( public1 int]e/4 ,ev5 if x 7 admitt$ t ^! works 7 n 9 ! ,hebrew canon1 ! "q is /ill n absolutely settl$4 ,= x might be cont5d$1 )\t at all ass]t+ t ! ,hebrew canon 0 errone\s or defici5t 9 its "t1 t ^! & o!r apocryphal works 7 res]v$ 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god = ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to deal ) z %e ?\ght fit4 ,nor is x cle> t h] p[]s z to !m1 :5 decid+ = canonicity or no1 7 ( necessity m re/rict$ ?an h] p[]s z to ! ,n4,t4 books on ! same "q4 ,:at ,t]tullian says ) reg>d to ',eno*' might be ext5d$ to o!r books1 ,scio scripturam ,eno*444 non recipi a quibusdam quia nec 9 arm>ium ,judaicum admittitur444 a vobis quidem nihil omn9o rejici5dum e/ quod p]t95t ad nos 7,de cult4 fm4 ,i4 #ac74 ,! title ',daniel1' x %\ld be obs]v$1 9 li/s ( ,scripture books1 (t5 cov]s ^! additions2 z = example 9 ,orig5's li/1 z pres]v$ by ,eusebius1 ,h4,e4 vi4 #be4 ,= we "k t ,orig5 7,ep4 ad ,afric47 def5d$ ^! additions1 & s almo/ c]ta9ly int5d$ ?is title to include !m4 ,s also ) ,a?anasius & ,cyril ( ,j]usalem'7see ,sus4 ',canonicity1' p4 #afj74 ,probably x is on ?is acc\nt t ,loisy 7,o4,t4 ,canon1 ,p>is1 #ahij1 p4 #ig7 says t ,a?anasius receiv$ c]ta9em5t les fragm5ts de ,daniel1 sur la foi des ,septante1 comme le font ,origne et t\s les ,pres grecs4 ,ecclesia/ical practice1 z well z _! di/ribution among/ ! canonical books ( bo? ,greek & ,lat9 ,bibles1 told1 z "t w5t on1 m & m 9 fav\r ( _! inclusion4 ,b !y 7 n (ficially recogniz$ z on a level 9 all respects ) ,holy ,scripture1 ev5 by ! ,roman ,*ur*1 till ! f\r? session ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7#aedf71 :5 !y 7 all plac$ on an equality )1 9 fact treat$ z portions (1 ! book ( ,daniel4 ,probably ! phrase libros integros cum omnibus suis p>tibus 0 introduc$ into ! decree ) special ref]5ce to ^! additions & ^? to ,e/h]4 ,?is decree1 mak+ !m sacr$ & canonical1 0 c>ri$1 accord+ to ,loisy 7p4 #bja71 by #dd placets to #c non-placets & #e d\btful4#a ,dr4 ,/reane1 h[ev]1 says 7,age ( ! ,maccabees1 #ahih1 p4 #ajb7 x 0 pass$ by a small majority4 ,ev5 writ]s s late z ,ni*olas de ,lyra 7#acdj7 & ,d5ys ! ,c>?usian 7#adga7 speak ( ^! additions z true1 b n p>ts ( ,holy ,scripture 7,loisy1 p4 #bbc1 quot+ ,corn4 ,lap4 on ,dan4 xiii4 #c74 ,& !y 7 ( ! ,roman ob$i5ce4 ,bleek 7,introd4 to ,o4,t4 ,,ii4 #ccf1 ,eng4 tr47 says t ! sev5? decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce 7#adci71 mak+ m5tion ( apocryphal books z canonical1 :i* no "o 0 acqua9t$ ) be=e ! ,trid5t9e ,c\ncil1 is v probably n g5u9e4 ,d5ys ! ,c>?usian1 x w be obs]v$1 0 subsequ5t to ! suppos$ ,flor5t9e decree1 & seem+ly ignorant ( its exi/5ce4 ,! same writ] /ates 7pp4 #ccf1 #cci7 t :ile ,k>l/adt class$ "s ( ! ,apocrypha z hagiographa extra canonem1 he call$ ^! supplem5ts to ,daniel1 ) ! ,pray] ( ,manasses1 & o!rs z plane apocryphos4 ,he also repres5ts ,lu!r z prettily /yl+ ^! pieces corn-fl[]s pluck$ up1 because n 9 ! ,hebrew1 yet plac$ 9 a sep>ate g>d5 or b$1 because mu* t is good is f\nd 9 !m4 ,!y are ?us deta*$ 9 8 v]sion1 z 9 ours1 f ,daniel1 & plac$ among ! apocryphal books4 ,calv91 h[ev]1 9 8 ,lectures on ,daniel entirely ignores ^! additions4 ,8 ,engli% translator b>ely m5tions !m 9 8 preface 7,ed9b4 #aheb1 p4 xlix474 ,f> m contemptu\s ?an ,lu!r's e/imate ( ^! productions is t ( ,pr(essor 7n[ ,bi%op7 ,ryle 9 ! ,cambridge ,companion to ! ,bible 7#ahid71 :]e he writes3 ,! "* ( ^! /ories is trifl+ & *ildi%4 ,b 9 reply to ?is & simil> depreciatory op9ions1 x may be po9t$ out t "o does n look 9 ^! extra-,danielic /ories = su* a k ( ! human he>t z is display$ 9 ! ,psalms1 nor = su* k ( ! ,godhead z is reveal$ 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,if we look = fully develop$ doctr9e ( ?is k9d1 we %all no d\bt be disappo9t$4 ,b we d f9d religi\s tea*+ aft] ! t5or ( ! old cov5ant1 su* z might be expect$ 9 compositions :i* are ma9ly n>rative2 we meet ) tea*+ :i* looks q z cle> z t1 say1 ( ! books ( ,ru?1 ,*ronicles1 or ,e/h]4 ,inde$1 ^? :o h a m9d to draw moral & spiritual in/ruction f ^! brief works w n f9d x difficult to d s1 or discov] t ! religi\s tea*+ is out ( h>mony ) t :i* is ackn[l$g$ to exi/ 9 ,daniel 7see *aps1 on ,example ( ,life & ,in/ruction ( ,mann]s74 ,9 po9t ( fact1 an ov]gr[? ( unreasonable objections has be5 too mu* enc\rag$2 & if ^! pieces may n 9 all respects secure a fav\rable vote1 x is desirable t !y may receive at lea/ an unprejudic$ & equitable judgm5t4 ,! examples ( patri/ic use giv5 "u ! head ( ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature w1 x is hop$1 suffici5tly refute su* /atem5ts z t ( ,alb]t ,b>nes 7,daniel1 ,lond4 #ahec1 pp4 #gi1 #hj73 ,x is seldom t ^! additions to ,daniel are quot$ or allud$ to at all by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 b :5 !y are1 x is only t !y may be condemn$4 ,?is may be tak5 z a specim5 ( a c]ta9 class ( adv]se op9ion1 evid5tly =m$ )\t suffici5t inve/igation ( ! subject4 ,9 reality1 ^! pieces are ref]r$ to1 consid]+ _! brevity1 ) surpris+ frequ5cy2 t ! ref]5ces are n exclusively1 or ev5 g5]ally1 = purposes ( condemnation1 h>dly ne$s to be /at$4 ,:at effect ^! writ+s took on ,jewi% read]s !re is little or no?+ to %ew4 ,) ! re/ ( ! ,,lxx1 !y seem to h lo/ gr\nd ) ,jews z !y ga9$ x ) ,*ri/ians4 ,! clos+ sc5e ( ,bel & ! ,dragon1 h[ev]1 is made use ( 9 ,bre%i? ,rabba to illu/rate ,joseph's ab&onm5t 9 ! pit 7,g54 xxxvii47#b4 ,to ,*ri/ians inde$ !y h1 f a v e>ly date1 con/antly pres5t$ !mselves z highly valuable = purposes ( edification4 ,nor1 ) ! possible exception ( ,susanna1 is x easy to see 9 :at way !y c\ld h fur!r$1 9 t aspect1 any undesirable end4 ,:at w be ! future ( ^! pieces by :i*1 9 ! ,greek ,bible1 ! cont5ts ( ,daniel 7 increas$8 ,x is n easy to say4 ,mu* w surely dep5d on ! ev5tual cons5sus ( op9ion z to ! date ( t book itself4 ,nei!r ! ,roman nor ,greek ,*ur*es %ew any sign ( modify+ _! entire1#c or v slightly qualifi$1 acceptance ( ^! additions z integral p>ts ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,engli%-speak+ ,prote/ant ,diss5t]s %ew almo/ z little sign ( ris+ to any religi\s appreciation ( !m4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & p]haps ! ,g]man & ,sc&9avian ,lu!rans1 hold1 z to ^! books1 an int]m$iate position1 :i* 9 ?is1 z 9 "s o!r que/ions1 may n improbably prove to be ! "r "o4 ,9 any case ! ,engli% ,*ur* has always treat$ !m ) great respect1 a l>ge "p ( "o ( !m ent]+ into h] ,morn+ ,pray]1 & ! o!r two hav+ be5 appo9t$ z fir/ lessons 9 h] cal5d> f #aedi to #ahgb1 except t ,bel & ! ,dragon 0 remov$ f #afjd to #affb4 ,previ\s to ?is la/ date !y 7 read1 n z indep5d5t books1 b z ,dan4 xiii4 & xiv4 ,a pati5t wait+ = ! production ( fur!r evid5ce z to ! orig9 & position ( ^! additions c h>dly be unrew>d$4 ,mean:ile we may fitly agree ) ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus' l9es1 :i* apply z well to ^! z to ! o!r books ( ! ,apocrypha3 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 7,poems1 lib4 ,,ii41 ad ,seleucum1 #beb--bef2 ,migne1 ,patr4 ,gr4 xxxvii4 #aeic47 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,holy ,,*ildr5 7 7 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,holy ,,*ildr54 ,,analysis4 vv4 #a1 #b4 ,n>rative 9 cont9uation ( ! canonical text1 describ+ ! proc$ure ( ! ?ree *ildr5 9 ! furnace4 #c-bb4 ,az>ias' confession 7#c-aj71 & pray] 7#aa-bb71 on behalf ( !m all4 #bc-bh4 ,n>rative describ+ ! fire1 ! desc5t ( ! ,angel1 & ! happy result4 #bi-fh4 ,! ,song ( praise itself1 :i* may be subdivid$ ?us3 ,god directly address$ 9 bless+ 7#bi-cd72 aft] all ,god's works1 cele/ial objects are address$1 includ+ ,angels#d 7#ce-da72 objects ( ! l[] heav5 or atmosph]e are call$ ^u1 includ+ ^? imm$iately conc]n$1 w9d & dew be+ plac$ next to fire & heat 7#db-ea72 !n ! e>?#e & its natural features1 & ! animals inhabit+ x1 are call$ ^u 7#eb-ei72 !n ! human race1 z a :ole & 9 v>i\s classes1 d[n to ! ?ree *ildr5 !mselves 7#fj-ff74 ,9 conclusion ,god is extoll$ = ,8 ev]-endur+ m]cy 9 phrases cull$ f ! ,psalt] 7#fg1 #fh74 ,! t5d5cy ( ! arrangem5t ( ! ,song prop] is to desc5d f g5]als to p>ticul>s4 ,x has a refra9 at ! end ( ea* v]se1 slightly diff]+ 9 ^? prelim9>y v]ses :i* are address$ to ! ,"l ,himself1 & want+ 9 ! la/ ?ree4 ,! r5d]+ ( ! refra9 9 ! prelim9>y v]ses does n seem v happy 9 its ,engli% 7,a4,v4 & ,k4,v474 ,,title ,,& ,,position4 ,,title4 ,=m+1 z x does1 an integral portion ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ! ,greek ,daniel1 ! pr9cipal ,,mss4 give ! ,song1 9 t place1 no indep5d5t title4 ,x falls ( c\rse "u ! g5]al title ( ! :ole ,book1 ,daniel4 ,van ,ess 9 8 ,,lxx 7,lips4 #ahce7 entitles x 1 b z he puts ?is head+ 9 curv$ brackets x is possibly m]ely 8 own ins]tion4 ',b' is ! codex :i* he is pr(ess+ to foll[ 9 8 text2 b t ,,ms4 is cr$it$ ) no su* title 9 ,dr4 ,swete's ,greek ,old ,te/am5t2 nor d ,holmes & ,p>sons %ew any k ( x z exi/+ 9 any ( _! ,,mss4 ,9 ! ,v]onese ,graeco-,lat9 ,psalt] x is head$ 1 & 9 ! ,tur9 ,psalt] 1 :i* title x ins]ts aga9 at v4 #eg1 /rangely reg>d+ t v]se z ! comm5cem5t ( a fre% canticle ) a new numb]1 4 ,*urton 7,uncan4 & ,apocr4 ,script41 p4 #cia7 sugge/s t ! =m] title may h be5 wrongly transf]r$ f ,ecclus4 xliv4 at ! head ( :i* x /&s4 ,he also calls x ! title 9 ! ,alex&rian ,psalt]--! ,odes1 presumably t is1 at ! end4 ,b ! title to ,ecclus4 xliv4 is simply 1 s t ! likelihood ( ! transf]1 deem$ possible by ,*urton1 hav+ tak5 place is v small4 ,9 ! ,odes1 at ! end ( ,cod4 ,a1 two canticles are extract$ f ?is piece2 ! fir/ 7,ode ,,ix47 entitl$ 1 ! second 7,ode ,x47 1 ea* correspond+ ) ! "n giv5 to x4 ,9 ! (fice ( ,ea/]n ,lauds ! two p>ts h sep>ate titles1 be+ assign$ to diff]5t days ( ! week 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,canticle74 ,9 ! ,syriac & ,arabic v]sions ( ,daniel a sep>ate title is giv5 aft] v4 #bc ( *ap4 iii41 & 9 ! latt] aft] v4 #eb1 accord+ to ,*urton 9 8 m>g9al notes4 ,he also says t ! pray] ( ! companions ( ,ananias is ! ,syriac title4 ,! titles on ! :ole are fairly suit$ to _! purpose2 b ! use ( ! ^w *ildr5 77 9 ! common head+ ( ! ,song contemplates ! ?ree z ( ! age indicat$ 9 ,daniel i4 r ?an t 9 ,daniel iii4 ,,position4 ,obvi\sly ?is is n meant = an indep5d5t "w1 s9ce x has no prop] comm5cem5t ( its own4 ,& !y walk$ is cle>ly int5d$ z a cont9uation ( "s =ego+ hi/ory4 ,accord+ly1 its position 9 ! ,,lxx1 ,!odotion1 ,vulgate1 & o!r v]sions1 is imm$iately aft] ! #bcrd v]se ( ,daniel iii41 ?us =m+ a portion ( t *apt]4 ,?is is cle>ly its natural & appropriate place4 ,x unites well bo? at ! beg9n+ & ! end ) ! canonical text1 ,qui se tr\ve entrelasse 7sic7 dans le texte1 z ,d4 ,m>t9 says 9 ! head+ ( ! book 9 8 ,fr5* v]sion4 ,t4,h4 ,home1 h[ev] 7,introd4 #ahef1 ,,ii4 #icf71 m5tions its abrupt nature z a reason = ?9k+ t ! translator did n inv5t x1 b made use ( already exi/+ mat]ials4 ,b ! abruptness is n s app>5t to o!r eyes & e>s4 ,inde$ ,g4 ,jahn1 9 8 note on ,dan4 iii4 #bd 7,leipzig1 #aijd71 consid]s ! gap betwe5 vv4 #bc & #bd 9 ! ,massoretic text is fill$ up satisfactorily 9 ! ,,lxx & ,!odotion only4 ,by means ( ?is ins]tion1 & ! inclusion ( :at 9 ,a4,v4 are ! fir/ f\r v]ses ( *ap4 iv41 ?is *apt] is l5g!n$ out 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 v]sions to exactly #ajj v]ses4 ,bi%op ,gray's note 7,key to ,o4,t4 #agig1 p4 #fjh71 9 :i* he says ! ,song ( ! ?ree holy *ildr5 is n 9 ! ,vat4 copy ( ! ,,lxx1 is c]ta9ly a mi/ake4 ,x is j possible1 h[ev]1 t he may h meant t ! true ,,lxx v]sion 0 abs5t f x4 ,s ,ball some:at obscurely 7p4 #caj ! ,alex4 ,,ms4 omits#f71 & ,bissell 7p4 #ddb71 ?\gh n v di/9ctly1 sugge/ a l idea z to its omission f ,dan4 iii4 9 ,a1 & ,zckl] 9 8 comm5t>y falls into ! same mi/ake 7,muni*1 #ahia1 p4 #bca74 ,x is n unlikely t ^! writ]s successively influ5c$ ea* o!r4 ,e4 ,philippe's idea 7,vig\r\x1 ,dict4 ,,ii4 #abfg;a71 t ?is piece 0 sep>at$ f ! orig9al book because elle ret>de le rcit et e/ en dehors du b f9al seems unconv9c+--z mu* s z ,d]es]'s 7quot$ 9 ,bissell1 p4 #ddd71 f :om p]haps x 0 borr[$--t ! ,sanh$rim at ,j]usalem %ort5$ x = conv5i5t use1 ,an equally unsatisfy+ reason is t ( ,h4 ,deane 9 ,daniel1 8 ,life & ,times1 p4 #gj 7pref4 #ahhh74 ,!re is no d\bt z to ! antiquity ( ?is addition1 b probably on acc\nt ( ! feel+s ( hatr$ ! ?ree *ildr5 express ) reg>d to _! enemies1 x 0 n univ]sally receiv$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! face ( _m /rong] expressions 9 ! ,o4,t4 receiv$ )\t hesitation1 ?is explanation seems unt5able1 or at lea/ insuffici5t4 ,& ! same may be said ( ,g4 ,jahn's !ory t "s m5tion ( ! s++ ( ! ?ree1 conta9$ 9 ! orig9al1 0 expung$ by ! ,massoretes z too wond]ful & apocryphal4 ,mu* has be5 made ( ! omission ( ?is & ! o!r additions f ! orig9al ,syriac 7e4g4 ,we/cott1 quot+ ,poly*ronius1 ,smi?'s ,d4,b41 ed4 #b4 #gacf1 ,bissell1 #ddh71 b !y are conta9$ 9 ! ,syriac text ( ,orig5's ,hexapla1 9 ! ,,ms4 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan 7,kautzs*1 ,i4 #agb71 publi%$ 9 facsimile by ,c]iani4 ,bugati 9 8 edition ( ,daniel gives ?is ,syriac & ! ,,lxx text 9 p>allel columns4 ,9 ,jephet ,ibn ,all's 7! ,k>aite's7 ,arabic comm5t>y on ,daniel1 translat$ by ,d4,s4 ,m>goli\? 7,oxf4 #ahhi71 no notice is tak5 ( ! additions4 ,! comm5t>y 0 probably writt5 ab\t ,a4,d4 #ajjj4 ,pr(essor ,ro?/e9 7,kautzs*1 ,i4 #agc7 comp>es ! situation ( ! pray] 9 ix4 #d sqq41 :i* he deems1 l ?is "o1 to h be5 p]haps a lat] ins]tion into ! book4 ,x is beyond "q t if ?is psalm ( pray] & praise is to f9d a place any:]e 9 ! ,book ( ,daniel1 no m suitable position c be f\nd = x ?an t :i* x occupies s well 9 ! ,greek4 ,if x is a digression f ! c\rse ( ! orig9al n>rative x is v happily plac$1 s9ce x acc\nts satisfactorily = ! /atem5t ! k+ 0 a/oni$ 9 v4 #bd 7#ia74 ,he 0 surpris$ at ! voice ( praise1 in/ead ( ! %rieks ( pa9 :i* he _h expect$ to produce by ! execution ( 8 decree4 ,,au?or%ip4 ,9 ! ,greek ( nei!r nor is !re v>iation suffici5t to prove t ! writ] diff]$ f ! "o :o translat$ ! re/ ( ! book4 ,r d ! indications po9t to ! same h& hav+ be5 at "w ?r\gh\t4 ,comely says ( ?is & its companion pieces1 ,neque 9 trium p]icop>um argum5tis quidquam inv5itur quo illas ,danielis auctori attribu]e prohibeamur 7,comp5dium1 ,p>is1 #ahhi1 p4 #dba74 ,?is1 l o!r ,r4,c4 writ+s1 holds ( c\rse a brief = _! canonicity4 ,! ,pray]1 on ! surface1 claims to be by ,az>ias2 ! ,song by all ! ?ree4 ,! introductory & int]m$iate n>rative v]ses are giv5 z if f ! same p5 z ! re/ ( ,daniel's hi/ory2 v4 #d 7#bg7 rem9ds u 9 its t]ms ( ,daniel iv4 #cg 7#cd7 v /rongly1 &1 9 "p1 ( ix4 #ad4 ,9 v4 #bd 7#dg7 ! m5tion ( #di 7#g x #g7 is p>allel$ by ! symbolic use ( ! numb] #g 9 iv4 #be1 etc4 ,b ev5 if1 z is likely1 !y did n orig9ate ) ! o/5sible utt]]s1 /ill x is q possible t ! h& = ! pray]1 ! n>rative1 & ! ,song may n1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 h be5 id5tical4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 we are int5d$1 by ! produc] ( ! piece 9 its pres5t %ape1 to und]/& t ! pray] & ! ,song are record$1 ev5 if n orig9at$1 by ! au?or ( ! :ole book4 ,if n g5u9e p>ts ( ,daniel1 _! p>5tage has n be5 assign$ to any nam$ au?or2 & ! "w mu/ be treat$ z anonym\s1 = no clue has be5 trac$ :i* po9ts to a def9ite writ]4 ,! putt+ =w>d 9 v4 #b 7#be7 ( ! second p]son ( ! trio1 n o!rwise di/+ui%$ f 8 fell[s1 is rem>kable1 & n sugge/ive ( a =g]y4 ,!re is no?+ to %ew :y he l$ ! pray]1 z no special *>act]i/ics are atta*$ to ,ab$-nego 9 our k4 ,mo/ likely a =g] w\ld h put ! pray] into ! m\? ( ,%adra* 7,ananias71 :o always /&s fir/1 ?\gh ! ord] ( ! la/ two is rev]s$ 9 ! "o place 9 :i* ! ?ree are nam$ 9 ! uncanonical portion ( ! *apt]4 ,ewald 7,hi/4 ( ,israel1 ,e4 ,tr4 ,lond4 #ahgd1 ,v4 #dhf7 ?9ks t ,az>ias is introduc$ z ! elde/1 or p]haps ! tea*]1 ( ! o!r two2 b ?is conjecture does n acc\nt = ! v>y+ ord]s ( ! names ( ! ?ree 9 v4 #fe4 ,h[ev] ?ick a veil may re/ ov] ! au?or's "n1 x may safely be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t he 0 a ,jew1 & a ,jew :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,psalt]4 ,b ! op9ion z to :e!r he 0 ( ,babylonian1 ,pale/9ian1 or ,alex&rian extraction w dep5d 9 a great measure on ! view tak5 z to ! orig9al language1 :e!r ,*aldee1 ,hebrew1 or ,greek4 ,pr(essor ,ro?/e9 7p4 #agd7 admits ! possibility ( ?is addition hav+ be5 made to ,daniel be=e its translation into ,greek4 ,b ,dean ,w4,r4,w4 ,/eph5s 7,helps to ,/udy ( ,p4,b41 ,oxf4 n4 d41 prob4 #aija1 p4 #de7 may be tak5 z repres5t+ :at has be5 ! commone/ view4 ,he ?9ks x probably compos$ by an ,alex&r9e ,jew4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,dr4 ,/reane's rem>k tells aga9/ ?is increase ( cont5ts hav+ begun at ,alex&ria4 ,! t5d5cy to diffus5ess1 *>act]i/ic ( lat] ,judaism444 op]at$ mu* m slightly among ,egyptian ,jews ?an ) _! bre?r5 else:]e 7quot$ 9 ,dr4 ,swete's ,introd4 to ,greek ,o4,t41 p4 #bei74 ,! ass]tion has gone ! r\nd ( ! comm5tators t ! ,song prop] is a m]e expansion ( ,psalm cxlviii41 leav+ u to inf] t x is h>dly a "w ( indep5d5t au?or%ip4 ,p][ne#g writes1 ! e>lie/ imitation ( ?is psalm is ! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr54 ,& ,j4,h4 ,blunt1 9 loc41 tells u t ! hymn 9 its orig9al %ape 0 obvi\sly an exp&$ =m ( ! #adh? ,psalm4 ,s ev5 ,ga/]1 modell$ evid5tly on ,ps4 cxlviii4#h2 :ile ,:eatley#i goes s f> z to say t x is an exact p>aphrase ( t psalm1 & s l x 9 words & s5se t :oev] despise? ?is reproa*e? t "p ( ! canonical writ+s4#aj ,b ?\gh ! g5]al idea = call+ ^u nature to glorify ,god is ! same1 ! au?or ( ,b5$icite is mu* m ?an a m]e exp&] or imitator4 ,naturally _m ( ! same objects are m5tion$2 b :ile comp>ison ) ! ,,lxx v]sion ( ! psalm %ews "s resemblance 9 ^w & ?\ght1 x %ews mu* m v>iation 9 /yle1 phraseology1 & treatm5t4 ,t ! writ]1 z a ,jew1 0 acqua9t$ ) ?is psalm c sc>cely be d\bt$2 t he consci\sly imitat$ x !re is little to %ew4 ,moreov]1 ! use ( ?is psalm at ,lauds 9 ! ,ambrosian1 ! ,ea/]n1 & ,quignon's s]vice-books1 toge!r ) ! ,b5$icite1 w\ld h>dly h occurr$ if ! ,*ur* _h reg>d$ ! latt] z a m]e expansion ( ! =m]1 & n z a di/9ct production4 ,:oev] ! au?or may h be51 he 0 evid5tly /rictly or?odox1 & q 9 sympa?y ) 8 ?ree h]oes1 9 ^: m\?s he plac$ ?is lively1 agreeable1 & mo/ religi\s ,song4 ,he has add$ a mu* appreciat$ treasure1 at lea/ among ,*ri/ians1 to ! ecclesia/ical hooks2 a mo/ s]viceable =m ( utt]ance = ! ,*ur*'s praiseful voice4 ,b ! nature ( ! piece does n af=d mu* scope = display ( ! "* or p]sonality ( ! writ]4 ,he effaces himself :ile extoll+ devotion to ,jehovah1 &1 if he be ,daniel1 :ile record+ ! fai?fulness ( ! bless$ fri5ds ( 8 y\?4 ,:at subject m likely to excite 8 en?usia/ic sympa?y8 ,hon\r to ! m>tyrs :o endur$1 praise to ! ,"l :o deliv]$1 x 0 pla9ly a pleasure to him to give4 ,,date ,,& ,,place4 ,,date4 ,almo/ ev]y?+1 except+ its abs5ce f ! orig9al1 po9ts to ! ,song hav+ be5 f ! beg9n+ a "p ( ! ,,lxx text ( ,daniel4 ,its date !re=e 9 ?is case w\ld be ! date ( t text4 ,! way 9 :i* x is work$ into ! canonical ,daniel n>rative sugge/s t1 if !re be any v>iation z to date 9 ! ?ree additions1 ?is is seem+ly ! e>lie/4 ,t ! ,,lxx translator inv5t$ ?is enl>gem5t out ( 8 own g5ius seems highly improbable2 nor1 7 x n = its abs5ce f ! orig9al ,daniel1 few w\ld h d\bt$ t he obta9$ ! :ole ( 8 mat]ial f ! same qu>t]4 ,9 su* case our 'apocryphon' w\ld obvi\sly ante-date ! ,,lxx text4 ,x is n unlikely t ! ,alex&rian translator work$ up c]ta9 traditions 7,j4,m4 ,full]1 ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm42 see also ,bevan1 ,dan4 ,camb4 #ahib1 p4 #de71 or1 if ,ga/]'s discov]y be :at he ?9ks1 writt5 n>ratives4 ,:at s\rces1 h[ev]1 7 us$ 9 prep>+ its ,,lxx ,greek =m c only be conjectur$1 & t on v sl5d] data4 ,ro?/e9 9 ,kautzs* 7,i4 #agf7 deems x to h be5 import$ into ! text ( ,daniel be=e ! ,,lxx translation1 :i* he dates at late/ 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! la/ c5tury ,b4,c4 ,h[ an int]polation ( ?is k9d came to be admitt$ into ! orig9al ( ,daniel is a difficult matt] to expla94 ,ev5 on ! supposition t ! 7 less rigidly fix$ ?an ! ,law or ev5 ! ,prophets1 ! ins]tion or omission ( su* a section z ?is seems a v bold /ep4 ,ewald 7,hi/4 ,israel1 v4 #hf1 #hg1 ,eng4 ,tr47 ?9ks ^! additions to be fragm5ts ( an enl>g$ ,daniel bas$ on ! old] book1 :i* 0 compos$ "o or two c5turies e>li]4#aa ,"s lat] writ] mu/ h comp>$ ?is new book1 :i* 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,greek1 ) ! translation ( ! old] book ( ,daniel1 & transf]r$ :atev] he ?\ght prop] f ! =m] into ! latt]4 ,! "w1 ?us compil$ afre%1 has be5 pres]v$ 9 ,greek %ape1 :ile ! int]v5+ book1 ^: =m] exi/5ce is prov$ by cle>e/ traces1 is n[ lo/4 ,x is only 9 ?is way1 ,ewald ?9ks1 t we c expla9 ! orig9 & pres]vation ( ! portions :i* are n conta9$ 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,pr(4 ,kautzs* 7,i4 #aba7 deems ,,iii4 ,maccabees1 9 vi4 #f ( :i* book !re is a ref]5ce to v4 #bg 7#ej7 ( ! ,song1 to date f "s "t betwe5 ! end ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 & #gj ,a4,d4 at ! late/4 ,)9 ^! limits he fixes ^u ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era z ! mo/ likely "t4 ,dr4 ,/reane1 moreov] 7,age ( ,macc4 p4 #aeg71 ?9ks t :ile c5tury ,i4 ,b4,c4 is v possible1 x _c be ( e>li] date1 on acc\nt ( ! pro( giv5 by ?is v]se ( acqua9tance ) ! ,song4 ,?is ref]5ce1 !re=e1 und\bt$ z x is1 does n greatly help u 9 solv+ ! problem ( date1 except z to its ad quem limit4 ,tob4 xii4 #f & xiii4 #aj 7! latt] especially 9 ! ,vulgate7 are v simil> 9 phraseology to ! refra9 ( ! ,b5$icite2 vv4 #bi1 #cj 7#eb7 too1 9 bo? ,greek v]sions1 /rongly sugge/ an acqua9tance ) ,tob4 viii4 #e1 s9ce appe>s m likely to h be5 add$ to1 ?an omitt$ f1 ! lat] docum5t ( ! two4 ,?is is on ! assumption t ,tobit is1 z ,/reane ?9ks 7p4 #adh71 pre-,maccabean1 or at any rate e>li] ?an ?is ,song4 ,b z ! words us$ are n v di/9ctive1 x is q possible t !y might h be5 indep5d5tly prep>$4 ,! m5tion ( ,ananias1 ,az>ias1 & ,misael 9 ,i4 ,macc4 ii4 #ei is n conclusive z to its writ]'s k ( ! ,song1 b ! ord] ( ! names1 :i* does n occur else:]e1 makes a remembrance ( v4 #hh n improbable4 ,i4 ,macc4 is dat$ by ,kautzs* 7,i4 #ca7 f #ajj to #ij ,b4,c42 ,/reane 7p4 #adi7 all[s slightly wid] limits2 & ,we/cott 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 ,,ii4 #agc7 sugge/s #abj to #ajj4 ,z to ano!r possible indication giv5 by v4 #ff 7#hh71 see ',*ronology1' p4 #fi4 ,( t scepticism :i* foll[$ ! ref9em5ts ( rabb9ism !re is no trace1 ei!r "h1 or 9 ,susanna1 or 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,! tone ( !m all is t ( an e>li] "t1 free f any symptoms ( ?is lat] decl9e4 ,b /ill ! signs ( date are n suffici5tly decid$ to ju/ify u 9 fix+ ^u a n>r[ p]iod ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,tak+ ! piece z indep5d5t ( ! orig9al ,daniel1 ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 might p]haps be nam$ z f> f improbable4 ,b a clos] date ?an ?is x is h>dly safe to fix4 ,,place4 ,if we assume an ,aramaic orig9al1 ,babylonia mo/ probably w be ! place = its production2 ,pale/9e some:at less probably4 ,b indications ( place 9 ! piece itself are v fa9t4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t ! ord] nights & days is 9 con=mity ) ! ,%emitic cu/om ( fix+ ! beg9n+ ( ! day at ! prec$+ ev5+ 7,mc,swiney1 ,psalms & ,canticles1 #aija1 p4 #fdd74 ,ev]yone mu/ h notic$ ! frequ5cy ) :i* ?+s wat]y & ?+s cold are m5tion$ 9 ! ,song4 ,! numb] ( times !y occur seems q out ( proportion ) ! scale on :i* x is conceiv$4 ,wat]1 %[]s1 dew1 cold1 fro/1 sn[1#ab sea1 riv]s1 f\nta9s1 all t move 9 ! wat]s1 are apo/rophis$ 9 succession4 ,! prepond]ance ( ^! objects is v noticeable1 ev5 to a cursory read]4 ,n[ bo? ,babylon & ,alex&ria are alike situat$ 9 hot c\ntries2 b ( ! two1 a resid5t 9 ! =m] w\ld be m likely to h _h ^! ?+s br\ght be=e 8 eyes ?an a resid5t 9 ! latt]4 ,l[] ,egypt ) its almo/ ra9less climate1 & its "o riv]1 does n seem ! mo/ likely locality to sugge/ a con/ant ref]5ce to su* topics4 ,*alda1 on ! o!r h&1 is bett] wat]$ & is )9 ! region ( ra91 & at any rate 9 its nor!rn p>ts1 ( fro/ & sn[4 ,dura1 accord+ to ,kei? ,john/on's map1 is close to ! hills4 ,b ! position ( ! pla9 ( ,dura1 :]e ! m>tyrdom took place1 has n be5 c]ta9ly id5tifi$4 ,j4,m4 ,full]'s note on v4 #db 7#fd71 ,ra9 & dew h t prom95ce :i* naturally belongs to !m 9 ! p>*$ ,ea/1 is f> f suffic+ to expla9 ! (t recurr+ m5tion ( ^! matt]s4 ,/ill less does ,bi%op ,=bes' rem>k#ac t ! elem5t ( wat] seems specially to h receiv$ ! b5$iction ( ! ,"l1 s]ve to elucidate ! cause ( its prepond]ance "h4 ,! slight an?ropomorphism 9 v4 #ed1 :]e 'sitt+' is impli$ 9 1 express$ 9 1 is m con=mable to ,babylonian ?an ,alex&rian ideas2 b ?is may be a m]e rem9isc5ce ( ,psalms lxxx4 #a1 xcix4 #a4 ,! m5tion ( pit* or bitum5 is inconclusive1 inasmu* z x is f\nd 9 bo? ,babylonia & ,egypt2 b ! m5tion ( heav5s & />s ( heav5 7vv4 #ei1 #fc71 agrees v well ) ,*aldean orig94 ,s f>1 !re=e1 z ^! consid]ations g1 !y turn ! scale1 to a small ext5t1 9 fav\r ( ,babylonia4 ,! only natural object :i* may be reg>d$ z tell+ 9 ! opposite direction is 7v4 #gi71 :i* might be ?\ght to po9t to k ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea 7see ,*ild ,*apl91 ,b5$icite1 #ahgi1 p4 #cbd74 ,! bir?place ( ! ,,lxx text is surely ,alex&ria4 ,! "* ( ?is1 z ( ! o!r additions1 indicates1 accord+ to ,we/cott 7,d4,b4 ed4 #b1 ,i4 #agad;a7 & ,wordswor? 7on ,dan4 iii4 #bc71 ! h& ( an ,alex&rian writ]4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to notice t ?is1 ) its companion pieces1 has z few indications ( ,greek philosophy & habits ( ?\ght z any "p ( ! ,apocrypha2 & 9 common ) mo/ ,alex&rian writ]s x has little or no?+ ( purely ,egyptian "*4 ,/ill1 ,d]es]'s idea t ,daniel may h writt5 8 book 9 ,greek at ,babylon ) all ! additions 7quot$ by ,bissell1 p4 #ddd7 seems mo/ unlikely1 & c\ld h>dly h be5 advanc$ except "u ! necessity ( support+ ! ,roman view ( ! book4 ,!odotion's v]sion1 s f> z conc]ns ! locality :]e x orig9at$1 %>es ! obscurity :i* hangs ov] mu* ( ,!odotion's p]sonal life4 ,ephesus may be sugge/$1 = ,ir5u 7,,iii4 xxiii47 /yles him 2 ?\gh ,epiphanius calls him 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,hexapla1 p4 #bb;a74 ,! latt] au?or is1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! less accurate ( ! two4 ,9 ,de ,m5suris1 etc41 ,,xvii4 he /ates t 's v]sion 0 issu$ 9 ! second ,commodus' reign1 #ahj--aib1 obvi\sly too late4#ad ,! pre-,!odotionic v]sion :i* is ?\ght to h us$ may ( c\rse h be5 an ,alex&rian production2 b at pres5t little is kn[n ( x4 ,t ,!odotion _h "s e>li] r5d]+1 besides ! ,,lxx z 8 basis1 ! quotations 9 ,rev4 ix4 #bj1 etc41 & ,/4 ,matt4 xii4 #ah1 co9cid+ ) 8 v]sion1#ae r5d] highly probable1 inasmu* z he wrote subsequ5tly to any likely date = ^? books4 ,possibly he may h us$ ,aquila's v]sion1 or t ( "s unkn[n translator4 ,pr(essor ,gwynn's idea 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,!odotion1 #igg;a7 ( two rival ,septuag9tal ,daniels#af seems to h m inh]5t improbability ?an he is incl9$ to admit4 ,b :]e ?is gr\nd text1 circulat$ app>5tly 9 ,pale/9e & ,asia ,m9or1 0 made1 :o c say8 ,b if we take ,/4 ,john z ! au?or ( ,revelation1 8 connection ) ,ephesus1 & ! probable publication ( 8 "w !re1 give "s little support to ! !ory ( an ,ephesian orig9 ( ,!odotion's translation4 ,x is /range t a v]sion suppos$ to be made by "o :o 0 n an or?odox ,*ri/ian1 if ,*ri/ian at all1 %\ld h be5 pref]r$1 z f> z conc]ns ,daniel1 by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* = ord9>y use4#ag ,j]ome 7,prf4 9 ,dan47 says1 z if he felt t "s explanation 0 ne$$1 et hoc cur accid]it nescio1 ?\gh he proce$s to sugge/ "s possible reasons :y ! v]sion ( "o qui utique po/ adv5tum ,*ri/i incr$ulus fuit %\ld h be5 s mu* hon\r$4 ,! religi\s "w ( a ,jew1 :o liv$ be=e ,*ri/1 & t ( "o :o refus$ to ackn[l$ge 8 adv5t aft] x _h tak5 place1 /& obvi\sly1 = ,*ri/ians1 on a diff]5t foot+4 ,,= ,,:om ,,& ,,) ,,:at ,,object ,,writt54 ,,= ,,:om4 ,und\bt$ly = ,jewi% read]s1 :o 7 already int]e/$ 9 ! /ory ( ,%adra*1 ,me%a*1 & ,ab$-nego2 design$ = ^? :o _h ,daniel's book 9 _! h&s1 :o felt ! ,?ree to be h]oes rightly hon\r$4 ,( c\rse1 if ! words 7 really spok5 by ,az>ias1 !y 7 = ! hon\r ( ,god & ! b5efit ( himself & 8 companions 9 ! fire2 & ! ,song itself becomes a real ?anksgiv+1 on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 = ! lit]al fulfilm5t ( su* promises z ,isai4 xliii4 #b--;a =m1 = _! own p]sonal use1 to express _! imm$iate feel+s4 ,v]se #bd 77 might sugge/ ! idea t ! pray] 7& p]haps ! ,song also7 7 utt]$ 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! issue & ! execution ( ! k+'s ord] = burn+ alive2 b ! words 9 v4 #be =bid ?is view4 7,z to a possible subsequ5t ins]tion ( ! pray]1 see ',integr4 & ,/ate ( ,text1' p4 #db47 ,!odotion also precludes ?is idea by 8 ins]tion ( 9 v4 #bd itself1 z well z 9 v4 #be4 ,! slight *ange 9 ! case ( ! la/ two words less5s ! likelihood ( _! hav+ be5 transf]r$ f v4 #be ( "o v]sion to v4 #be ( ! o!r4 ,b x is q possible t may h purposely omitt$ ! clause 9 v4 #bd ( 1 beg9n+ 1 9 ord] to %ut out ! idea ( ^! devotions hav+ tak5 place 9 ! int]val sugge/$ above4 ,dean ,f>r> ev5 says t ! ,song is n v apposite 7,expositor's ,bible1 ,daniel1 ,lond4 #ahie1 p4 #ahj71 ?\gh o!r m9ds f9d x rem>kably s4 ,9 writ+ on v4 #bg 7#ej7 he errone\sly sub/itutes = 4 ,?is is probably copi$ f ,ball's note 9 loc4 ,if ! latt] "p ( v4 #ff 7#hh7 0 9 ! orig9al ,song1 ! ref]5ce to _! own position is ( c\rse apposite en\gh4 ,ev5 a writ] ( su* a /amp z ,alb]t ,b>nes 7,comm4 on ,dan4 iii4 #bc7 is oblig$ to confess t ) "s ?+s t are improbable & absurd1 ! ,song conta9s _m ?+s t are beautiful & t w\ld be highly appropriate if a song _h be5 utt]$ at all 9 ! furnace4 ,b to a contr>y effect ,j4 ,k5n$y goes ev5 fur!r ?an ,dean ,f>r>1 call+ x an elaborate composition by "s "o ^: imag9ation fail$ to realise :at 0 fitt+ & natural to m5 9 ! position ( ! ?ree ,hebrews 9 ! fi]y furnace 7,dan4 f a ,*ri/ian ,/&po9t1 #ahih1 p4 #ee74 ,! passage vv4 #bf to #cd is provid$ 9 ,littl$ale's ,prie/'s ,p4,b4 7#ahgf1 p4 #ie7 z a suitable ,scripture read+ = ^? 9 fev]4 ,al?\gh !re is a k9d ( appropriat5ess 9 ! n>rative ( ! fire be+ driv5 (f1 _m w\ld reg>d ?is application ( ! extract z highly fanciful1 & n q agreeable to ! object ) :i* ! piece 0 writt54 ,,object4 ,unless we assume ! writ] to be purely an imag9ative noveli/1 ! pres]vation ( s]viceable traditions z pr(itable records ( religion1 is cle>ly 8 pr9cipal aim4 ,?is addition _c reasonably be said 9 any way to di/ort or disagree )1 ?\gh x adds to1 ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,x is v well fitt$ into ! ma9 /ory2 & ! non-appe>ance ( ,daniel is q 9 accord ) 8 abs5ce f ! sc5e 9 *ap4 iii4 ,an edify+ purpose is mo/ conspicu\s1 &1 if we assume t x is really an int]polation ( ! orig9al book1 we may well suppose ) ,bi%op ,gray1 t "s writ] desir\s ( imitat+ & embelli%+ ! sacr$ text has left u ?is specim5 ( 8 "w2 t ! v5]ation ( "s ,hell5i/ic ,jew probably induc$ him to fabricate ?is ornam5tal addition to ! hi/ory 7op4 cit4 pp4 #faj1 #faa74 ,"o aim w\ld be to satisfy ! int]e/ awak5$ by ! wond]ful exp]i5ces ( ! ?ree1 :i* af=d$ a n>rative gr\nd-"w = ?is ext5sion2 fall+ 9 ?is respect1 z ,pr(4 ,ryssel po9ts out 7,kautzs* ,i4 #afg71 into ! same category z ! ,pray] ( ,manasses & ! additions to ,e/h]4 ,x may be said t resi/ance to idolatry1 secur+ div9e deliv]ance1 is1 z 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ! motif ( ! piece4 ,b ?is is n accompli%$ )\t great p]il & anxiety to ^! m>tyrs 9 w1 :o kept be=e !m an uncompromis+ /&>d1 wor?y ( _! noble l9eage 7,dan4 i4 #c71 z well z ( _! true religion4 ,9 "s respects we are rem9d$ ( ,jonah's pray]1 :i* _h a simil> object1 viz41 to secure a deliv]ance f hopeless dang]1 a deliv]ance z m>vell\s z t ( ! ,?ree4 ,! words by :i* x is introduc$ are simil> 7 444 1 ,jon4 ii4 #b2 444 1 ,dan4 iii4 #be1 72 & ! _s ( turn+ to ,god 9 dire /raits is ! same4 ,b ,jonah's pray] diff]s f ,az>ias' 9 conta9+ mu* m5tion ( 8 imm$iate dang]4 ,yet ! abs5ce ( ?is f ,az>ias' pray] h>dly am\nts to a probable indication ( =g]y2 inde$ ! possibility ( s long an utt]ance implies "s re/ra9t ( ! consum+ p[] ( ! furnace1 su* z is describ$ 9 v4 #bg ( ! ,*aldee4 ,a subsidi>y purpose answ]$ 9 ! ,song prop] is t ( jo9+ nature ) ourselves1 by address+ x 9 a s]ies ( invitations to magnify ,him :o is its ,god & ours alike1 ?us int]pret+ ! feel+s :i* nature maybe suppos$ to ent]ta94 ,x is recognis$ t ! irrational z well z ! rational h _! rightful sph]es ( action2 & a :olesome sympa?y is manife/$ ) ^? portions ( nature--:i* we ?9k are l[] ?an ourselves4 ,) ?is may be comp>$ ,adam & ,eve's morn+ hymn 79 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,v41 #a4 #aec sq471 :i* is v simil> 9 tone & 9 sequ5ce ( objects apo/rophiz$4 ,! ,song s readily leads itself to use z a ,canticle t ! idea inevitably arises ( its hav+ be5 compos$ ) t purpose 9 view2 b pro( t x 0 ev] s us$ by ! ,jews seems entirely want+4 ,! /atem5ts made 9 "s ,p4,b4 manuals t x 0 s us$ appe> to h aris5 f a misund]/&+ ( an ambigu\s s5t5ce ( ,:eatley's 7see ',liturgical ,use1' p4 #hc74 ,/ill1 !re may h be5 an arrire p5se 9 ! compos]'s m9d ( provid+ models ( pray] & ( praise = o!rs1 9 crisis ( trial or deliv]ance1 to (f] unto ,god4 ,x is pleas+ to note 9 ?is respect1 t ! ?anksgiv+ is n /9t$1 b is ev5 long] ?an ! pray]4 ,n[h]e is ! manifold weal? ( ,god's revelation 9 nature m fully & compreh5sively set =? 9 ! mo/ exalt$ _s ( praise2 s t1 if ?is 7 "o ( ! compos]'s objects1 x is mo/ abundantly answ]$4 ,,integrity ,,& ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,text4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by ,pr(4 ,ro?/e9 79 ,kautzs* ,i4 #agd1 #age7 t ! pray] ( ,az>ias1 ! int]m$iate n>rative1 & ! ,song itself1 7 n all writt5 at ! same "t4 ,b ?is view is bas$ purely on int]nal probability1 & d]ives little or no support f any ( ! ,,mss4 or v]sions1 unless ! introduction ( titles 9 ! ,arabic aft] v4 #bh 7#ea71 & 9 "s ,greek copies to ! pray] ( ,az>ias1 be ?\ght to give x c\nt5ance2 yet ^! may h crept 9 f _! conv5i5ce = liturgical use1 & s be acc\nt$ = m]ely on practical gr\nds4 ,to base ?is sep>ation1 h[ev]1 on a suppos$ disagreem5t betwe5 v4 #ae 7#ch7 & vv4 #ca 7#ec71 #fb 7#hd71 is c]ta9ly insuffici5t cause1 z ,ball po9ts out 7#cjg;b71 = assign+ ,pray] & ,song to diff]5t writ]s 7see ',*ronology1' p4 #fg74 ,b ! obs]vation t ! n>rative passage betwe5 ! ,pray] & ! ,song fits 9 well aft] ! canonical v4 #bcah seems a /rong] basis = suppos+ t ! pray] is a lat] introduction ?an ! ,song4 ,ro?/e9 po9ts out 7p4 #aha1 note d7 t v4 #a 7#bd7 9 has relation to ! ,song1 b n to ! ,pray]1 & orig9ally1 z he imag9es1 took ! place ( ! pres5t v4 #bh 7#ia7 ( simil> import4 ,corn4 a ,lap4 notes ( v4 #a 7#bd7 e/ hy/]ologia4 ,?is view is also m5tion$ ) fav\r 9 ,*>les' article on ,apocrypha 9 ! #aijb vols4 ( ,encycl4 ,brit4 7cf4 ',= :om writt51' p4 #cf74 ,x is obs]vable also t ! /atem5t ( v4 #bf 7#dh7 is n a m]e repetition ( t 9 v4 #bb1 b ref]s to ! scor*+ ( ! onlook]s1 :ile v4 #bb speaks ( ^? :o execut$ ! k+'s ord]4#ai ,! repetition ( ! same invocation at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,pray] & ! ,song is notewor?y2 if ! two are n contempor>y1 x has probably be5 borr[$ by ! compos] ( ! ,pray]4 ,b ! difficulty 7(t5 magnifi$7 ( reconcil+ ! /atem5ts ( v4 #ae 7#ch7 ) ! ,jews' civil & ecclesia/ical condition at ! "t ( ,daniel iii4 we>s q a diff]5t aspect if ! ,pray] is reg>d$ z an int]polation ( lat] date by ano!r h&4 ,altoge!r ?is !ory ( ! int]polation ( ! ,pray] is surr\nd$ ) a consid]able air ( probability4 ,five extra v]ses are int]sp]s$ 9 ! ,syriac ( ! ,song1 call+ ^u ! ho/s ( ! ,"l1 ye t fe> ! ,"l1 cold & heat 7! w9t] & summ] ( our ,b5$icite71 ! h]bs ( ! field1 & ! creep+ ?+s ( ! e>? 7,*urton's translation74 ,( ^! frigus & ae/us is 9 ! ,vulgate1 tak5 f 4 ,! s\rce ( ! o!rs is unapp>5t1 ?\gh creep+ ?+s w\ld v naturally foll[ bea/s & cattle1 z 9 ,g54 vii4 #ad4 ,! pres5t end+ ( ! ,song1 aft] ! usual refra9 9 ! middle ( v4 #ff 7#hh7 is ( a lab\r$ nature ) a decid$ly dragg+ /yle4 ,x c]ta9ly has ! appe>ance ( be+ an aft]?\ght1 add$ by "s n v skilful compos]1 :o fanci$ ! orig9al t]m9ation to be too abrupt1 & ?\ght he c\ld atta* an appropriate supplem5t4 ,b ( ?is !ory no ext]nal evid5ce is at pres5t =?com+4 agrees ) ! text mu* m closely 9 ?is ?an 9 ! o!r additions4 ,mo/ v]ses are ! same1 ^w = ^w2 & _m o!rs h b ! slighte/ v>iations4 ,he makes a few small omissions1 z 9 7,greek7 vv4 #bd1 #dj1 #fg1 #fh2 b 9 g5]al he foll[s exactly4 ,ev5 vv4 #fg1 #fh1 are conta9$ 9 ,a1 9 bo? places1 9 ,daniel & 9 ! ,odes at ! end2 also !y are 9 ! ,tur9 ,psalt]1 ?\gh omitt$ 9 ! ,v]onese 7,swete's ,,lxx74 ,z !y are f\nd1 ) a little diff]5ce 9 ! text1 !y may h fall5 out ( ,b & ,q accid5tally4 ,! id5tical refra9 at ! end ( ea* v]se w\ld naturally facilitate an error ( ?is k9d4 ,! pr9cipal ,,mss4 available = 's text are ! same z ^? = ! canonical "p ( ,daniel1 ,a1 ,b1 & ,q4 fails u "h1 z 9 o!r passages1 except f vv4 #cg--eb1 9 :i* its v>iations are unimportant4 ,tak+ ,b z ! gr\nd-"w1 ,a's *anges are n g5]ally ( s]i\s mom5t1 except+ 9 ! case ( ! two ins]t$ v]ses1 #fg & #fh1 & ! transposition ( vv4 #gc & #gd4 ,o!rwise !y *iefly consi/ ( small ins]tions or omissions :i* d n mat]ially affect ! s5se 7vv #cf1 #ha72 v>y+ =ms f ! same root su* z = 7v4 #ed71 = 7v4 #ef74 ,! correctors ( ,b 9 v4 #ch1 ?\gh unsupport$ by ! *ief codices1 c]ta9ly seem "r 9 sub/itut+ = 4 ,q's v>iations n unfrequ5tly agree ) ,a's2 :]e !y d n1 !y are sc>cely m important1 & (t5 p>take ( a simil> "*4 ,9 v4 #hh a synonym is sub/itut$1 viz41 = 7#bnd74 ,9 ! few v]ses cov]$ by 1 ,b is g5]ally agre$ )2 a *ange ( case1 in/ead ( 1 appe>+ 9 v4 #ej4 ,,language ,,& ,,/yle4 ,,language4 ,! probability ( a ,semitic orig9al ly+ 9 ! backgr\nd ( ?is piece1 has always be5 consid]able4 ,^? :o h ma9ta9$ ,greek z ! orig9al language1 h g5]ally spok5 a little less confid5tly ) reg>d to ?is ?an ) reg>d to its two companion pieces4 ,s ,bissell writes 7p4 #ddc71 ?\gh a support] ( ! ,greek 7p4 #dc71 und\bt$ly m c be said 9 fav\r ( su* a !ory ( a ,semitic orig9al ?an = a simil> "o 9 respect ( ! two rema9+ additions4 ,& s9ce ,m4 ,ga/] discov]$ 9 #ahid an ,aramaic text1 ! gr\nds = deem+ ! ,greek to be ! orig9al1 ?\gh n set aside1 h be5 p>tially und]m9$4 ,s*r]1 h[ev]1 9 ,hauck's ,encycl4 7,i4 #fci71 appe>s to ?9k t ?is is translat$ f 1 & n vice v]s1 z ,ga/] claims4 ,9 8 ?ird ,g]man ed4 ( ,h4,j4,p4 7,,iii4 #ccc7 he agrees ) ,ga/] 9 deem+ to be 1 b consid]s ! ,aramaic to be a r5d]+ ( 's ,greek1 tak5 into ! t5?-c5tury ,*ronicle ( ,j]ahmeel4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t ! exi/5ce ( two ,greek v]sions increases ! probability1 ?\gh x does n prove ! exi/5ce1 ( an orig9al 9 ano!r language4 ,x does n seem likely t w\ld h revis$ ! ( ! additions 9 ! same way z ! canonical "p1 unless he _h a simil> basis to g ^u 9 bo? cases4 ,if n1 :y1 & on :at au?ority1 did he alt] ! additions at all8 ,& ?is consid]ation applies to ! o!r two1 ev5 m ?an to ! "o we are deal+ )1 inasmu* z ! v]sion ( ,susanna & ( ,bel & ! ,dragon involv$ m num]\s *anges4 ,ir5u' /atem5t t ,!odotion 1 tak5 /rictly1 w\ld ( c\rse always imply an orig9al to translate2 b ,ir5u may only h be5 ?9k+ ( ! p>ticul> passage f ,isaiah :i* he ref]s to 7,,iii4 xxiii474 ,_m phrases may be in/anc$ :i* po9t to a ,semitic orig9al1 or at lea/ fit 9 well ) ! !ory ( its exi/5ce4 ,t[>ds c\nt]balanc+ ?is !re is a mu* small] numb] :i* may be ?\ght to tell 9 ! opposite direction4 ,b 9 ! ma91 z ,comely truly writes 7op4 cit4 p4 #dbj71 acc$it hebraismorum frequ5tia quum 9 ,alex&r9i tum 9 ,!odotionis v]sione4#bj ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! names ( ! ,?ree are ,greciz$ f _! orig9al ,hebrew nom5clature1#ba al?\gh _! ,babylonian names are employ$ 9 ,dan4 iii41 & adopt$ by & 9 ! canonical portions1 bo? be=e & aft] ! apocryphal episode4 ,an app>5t exception occurs 9 v4 #bc ( 1 :]e clauses ( t v]se & ( v4 #bb h be5 transpos$ & slightly alt]$4 ,"h ,az>ias occurs 9 ! same =m z 9 ! apocryphal portion4 ,b ?is isolat$ use ( ! ,hebrew =m ( 8 "n has probably be5 br\ght ab\t by ! ins]tion ( our piece into ! *apt]1 ! same =m & phrase1 1 be+ f\nd 9 v4 #di ( bo? ,greek texts4 ,a l phrase occurs 9 ,ezek4 xxxviii4 #f1 & 9 ,acts xiii4 #ac4 ,! ord] ( names1 too1 diff]s 9 ?is ,addition f _! ord] else:]e1 ! two la/ *ang+ places1 ?us br++ ,az>ias 7,ab$-nego7 into ! middle4 ,x is rem>kable t he is twice1 vv4 #b 7#be7 & #h 7#di71 plac$ z if he 7 ! lead+ memb] ( ! trio1 9 ! =m] v]se z utt]+ ! pray]1 9 ! latt] z head+ ! p>ty 9 ! furnace2 & s also1 z po9t$ out above1 9 v4 #bc ( 4 ,?is la/ fact1 h[ev]1 is c\nt]balanc$ 9 ! same v]sion by all ?ree be+ nam$ 9 v4 #bd z pray+1 ,az>ias n !re figur+ z ! sole speak]4 ,^! small indications c]ta9ly po9t to "s anci5t di/9ction betwe5 ! uncanonical ins]tion1 z we h x1 & ! body ( ! book4 ,e4 ,philippe 79 ,vig\r\x' ,d4,b4 ,,ii4 p4 #abff7 argues = ,hebrew & n ,greek orig9als1 because ( ! exi/5ce ( two ,greek v]sions1 nei!r ( :i*1 he says1 appe>s to be a revision ( ! o!r1 conta9+ hebraisms sugge/ive ( a ,hebrew orig9al4 ,b z reg>ds ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 ?is /atem5t1 t nei!r v]sion is a revision ( ! o!r1 mu/ be reg>d$ z m ?an d\btful4 ,he also says t ! ,*isian & ,syro-,hexapl> ,,mss4 conta9 critical signs ( ,orig51 reveal+ a ,hebrew text1 & 9 #hg 7,*isianus7 at xiii4 #a-e1 1 1 indicate ,aquila1 ,symma*us1 & ,!odotion1 all translators f ! ,hebrew4 ,?is la/ po9t1 h[ev]1 may n /& z to ! ,song ( ! ,?ree 7see note 9 ,kautzs*1 p4 #agf7 s f> z ,aquila is conc]n$4 ,= ,orig51 9 8 lett] to ,africanus1 seems to imply t ,aquila's r5d]+ did n conta9 ! ,song3 -- #b4 ,j]ome's words 9 ! ,vulgate1 aft] v4 #bc1 qu sequuntur 9 ,hebraeis volum9ibus non rep]i1 are v gu>d$1 n absolutely d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,hebrew text1 b m]ely ass]t+ t he has n met ) x4 ,cod4 ,amiat9us1 h[ev]1 has 'non repp]iuntur1' an expression :i* ass]ts m compreh5sively ! abs5ce ( ?is passage 9 8 "t4 ,! foll[+ are "s specific indications ( language :i* appe> to be ( suffici5t int]e/ to be not$ sep>ately3 v4 #bg 1 4 r5d]$ by 9 ,dan4 ix4 #ad 79 bo? v]sions7 & 9 ,neh4 ix4 #cc4 also occurs 9 ,b>4 ii4 #i1 9 t "p ( ,b>u* :i* is almo/ c]ta9ly a translation f ! ,hebrew4 ,ball 7,speak]'s ,comm47 gives a simil> phrase f ! ,iliad1 & ,bissell a /ill m apposite "o f ,il4 ,,iv4 #bh1 to %ew t x is n unkn[n 9 pure ,greek4 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic has simply n 4 v4 #cj 1 4 gov]ns ! g5itive correctly1 b 1 c\pl$ ) x1 is made to gov]n ! same n\n4 ,exig5cies ( translation might easily cause ?is awkw>dness1 b h>dly orig9al ,greek composition4 v4 #ca 4 ,s translat$ 9 ,,ii4 ,*ron4 vi4 #af1 #ag at ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se1 z "h2 x occurs aga9 9 vv4 #cc & #da 9 bo? v]sions1 z also 9 ix4 #ae1 #ag4 ,x is n a v natural beg9n+ ( a ,greek s5t5ce4 v4 #cb 1 4 ,:y 1 a title :i* does n seem v applicable to ! ,babylonians8 ,x may be m]ely a r5d]+ ( z 9 ,ezra iv4 #ab1 #ae4 ,! ,vulgate "h has 'prv>icator4' ,9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic ! v]se is diff]5t4 ,b cf4 use ( 9 ,eph4 ii4 #ab ( ^? :o _h nev] belong$ to ,israel4 v4 #cc 1 4 looks v l a translation ( 1 an idiom us$ 9 ,,ii4 ,*ron4 xxxv4 #c1 #ae 9 ! s5se ( '_c1' foll[$ by a v]b 9 ! inf9itive4 ,cf4 ,heb4 ix4 #e4 v4 #cd 1 4 or z 9 ,,ii4 ,*ron4 xii4 #ab1 ,ps4 xv4 #aa4 4 ,?is curi\s expression may be ! r5d]+ ( su* a phrase z t 9 ,i4 ,k+s xv4 #ai1 1 !re translat$ by ! same words2 also 9 ,j]4 xi4 #aj4 v4 #cf 1 4 1 z 9 viii4 #aj1 xii4 #c1 bo? 4 v4 #cg 1 4 4 ,did ! translators read = 8 v4 #ch 1 4 4 ,cf4 ,lev4 ii4 #i1 #aa1 be+ simil>ly translat$4 is also us$ 9 ! same s5se 9 ,i4 ,esd4 iv4 #eb4 ,deissmann has an int]e/+ '/udy' ( ?is ^w 9 8 ,bible ,/udies 7,eng4 transl41 ,ed9b4 #aija1 p4 #ace74 v4 #dj 1 4 444 444 4 is ?\ght by ,ball to h aris5 f "s confusion betwe5 & 1 b ?is is dubi\s4 ,m>%all 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 ,,iv4 #gee;b7 sugge/s 9 ,kal or ,piel4 v4 #dd 1 4 1 ,grotius 79 ,critici ,sacri7 says ,expressit ,hebrum quod e/ 9 ,ps4 lx4 #c 7#e7 et alibi4 ,! v]b is s translat$ 9 ,exod4 ix4 #af4 v4 #di 1 4 ,! app>5t ,grecism ( occurs 9 ! ,,lxx ( ,ezek4 xxxviii4 #f & else:]e4 1 ,ball sugge/s f ,ps4 xlix4 #ah4 ,ga/] gives 4 ,ga/] *>act]ises z a s5seless r5d]+ ( & x cool$ d[n1 :i* ^w c]ta9ly gives an excell5t s5se4 v4 #ej 1 4 ,! well kn[n crux ( appe>s 9 ! ,aramaic z :i* ,ga/] translates z a w9d t bl[s 7& causes7 ! dew 7to desc5d74 v4 #ea 4 4 v4 #ed 4 1 cf4 ,dan4 iv4 #cf 7#cc7 1 4 is ! ,aramaic 9 bo? places4 1 z 9 ,j]4 xiv4 #ba4 is us$ ( ,god's ?rone 9 ,dan4 vii4 #i1 end4 v4 #ei 1 4 7n 9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic74 vv4 #fd1 #fh 4 ,repetition ( 1 & vv4 #fg1 #fi 1 ( 1 sugge/s possible difficulty ( a translator1 caus+ him to fall back on same ^w4 vv4 #fe1 #hf 1 4 ,! diff]5t s5ses ( po9t to z ! und]ly+ orig9al ( bo?4 v4 #hg 1 4 2 ,lu!r r5d]s el5d und betrbt s9d1 s9ce ^! words1 if ( lit]al & imm$iate application1 w\ld indicate ! depression ( ! ,babylonian exiles2 & s w\ld tell 9 fav\r ( a ,semitic orig9al1 ,greek be+ unfamili> to !m4 v4 #hh 1 4 1 cf4 ,dan4 iii4 #ba1 #bi2 vii4 #aa 71 ,*ald4 9 fir/ & ?ird ( ^! cases1 & also 9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic ( ?is piece74 v4 #hi 1 4 does n seem a v suitable ^w1 z !y _h n yet be5 into 4 ,x may be a translation ( z 9 ,j]4 xlii4 #aa1 if f a ,hebrew orig9al4 is giv5 by ,ga/] z ! orig9al ( bo? 77 & 4 v4 #ij 1 4 1 us$ ( proselytes ( ! gate 9 ,acts xvii4 #ag1 may h ?is mean+ "h also1 z com+ la/1 & 9 connection ) 1 a possible ref]5ce to ! gods ( ! nations4 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic has no?+ answ]+ to 4 ,grotius sugge/s ut ,job i4 ,i1 #h1 ii4 #c1 :]e is ! ^w4 ,! writ] deems ! evid5ce ( language to po9t on ! :ole to a ,semitic r ?an to a ,greek base4 ,! difficulty ( balanc+ ! indications h[ev] ( ! orig9al language is %ewn by ! names ( important au?orities :i* may be rang$ on ei!r side1 ,ball1 ,ro?/e91 & ,swete reg>d+ ! ,semitic z probable2 ,we/cott1 ,s*r]1 & ,fritzs*e hold+ a simil> op9ion z to ! ,greek4 ,:5 a ,semitic orig9al is pron\nc$ =1 ! fur!r "q arises1 0 x ,hebrew or ,aramaic8 ,! gr\nds un=tunately appe> too indecisive to w>rant a di/9ct *oice betwe5 ^! alt]natives4 ,,/yle4 ,?is is ! only "o ( ! ?ree ,additions :i* takes a devotional & poetical =m4 ,! ,song has p]haps exce$$ ! o!rs 9 ! great e/imation accord$ to x4 ,! frequ5t liturgical use made ( x is bo? a sign & a cause ( ?is4 ,! /yle ( ! ,greek is ,hell5i/ic1 & is n out ( "* ) ! v]sions ( :i* x is a "p2 nor 9 p>ticul> ) ! ,book ( ,daniel ) :i* x is incorporat$4 ,x is spirit$1 int]e/+1 & agreeable1 ma9ly ,hebraic 9 ! "* ( its ?\ght & ca/ ( its language4 ,! ,pray] may possibly be accus$ ( ! ne$less repetition ( simil> s5tim5ts2 especially 9 vv4 #d1 #e1 & #h z to ,god's tru? & ju/ice2 & 9 vv4 #f & #g z to ,israel's disob$i5ce1 :i* are some:at ov]-insi/$ ^u4 ,b p]haps ?is may be attribut$ to e>ne/ plead+4 ,x is in/ructive to comp>e & contra/ ,daniel's ,pray]1 *ap4 ix41 rememb]+ t a diff]5t p]son w\ld naturally h a diff]5t /yle2 a consid]ation :i* may also help to acc\nt = ! *ange we are consci\s ( :5 we pass f ! pray] ( ,az>ias to ! ,song :i* purports to he ! composition ( ! ,?ree4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* is ins]t$ 9 "s v]ses & omitt$ 9 o!rs does n seem cle>4 ,rhy?mical consid]ations d n suffici5tly acc\nt = x4 ,some?+ o!r ?an /yle seems to h influ5c$ its use2 b :at t some?+ may h be5 x is difficult to disc]n4 ,nor does ! pr9ciple seem cle>] 9 ! ,aramaic ?an 9 ! ,greek4 ,! poem has a simple yet maje/ic /ructure1 ) a refra9 apt to l+] 9 ! e>1 ei!r 9 ,greek or ,engli%1 1 1 1 ,bless ye ! ,"l1 praise ,him1 & magnify ,him = ev]4 ,9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic ! refra9 is slightly v>i$1 be+ us$ :]e ,god is address$1 :]e ,8 creatures are exhort$4 ,dr4 ,ga/] und]/&s ! =m] to mean = ev]1 b ! latt] 9 ! _w4#bb ,?is di/9ction1 if a j "o1 is entirely oblit]at$ 9 ! v]sions4 ,9 ! ,vulgate h[ev] ! refra9 s\nds less agreeably1 = sup]exaltate is a cumbr\s ^w = frequ5t repetition4 ,x is "o ( ^? exagg]at$ comp\nds ( :i* ! translator ( ,daniel seems to h be5 too fond1 su* z sup]laudabilis1 sup]gloriosus 7v4 #eb71 deambulo & discop]io 7,sus4 vv4 #h1 #cb74 ,?is inconv5i5ce 0 evid5tly felt 9 liturgical use1 z 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y & ,missal ! repetition ( sup]exaltate is avoid$4 ,psalm cxxxvi4 af=ds a biblical in/ance ( a refra9 simil>ly repeat$ at ! end ( ea* v]se2 & ,deut4 xxvii4 #ae-bf may be reg>d$ z conta9+ a liturgical repetition ( ano!r species4 ,! use ( a symbolic multiple ( #g 9 v4 #bd 7#dg7 accords well ) a simil> practice 9 ,daniel iii4 #ai1 ix4 #bd1 & x4 #b1ac4 ,! numb] #c itself 7v4 #bh7 may also be symbolic2 b ?is is m]ely cont9u$ f ! canonical "p ( ! /ory1 be+ q ( a piece ) x4 ,no o!r numb]s occur4 ,!re is a rem>kable resemblance betwe5 ! natural objects m5tion$ 9 ,ecclus4 xliii4 & 9 ! ,song4 ,especially v4 #bbbc ( ! =m] is l v4 #bg 7#ej7 ( ! latt] 9 its lead+ idea4 ,! furnace1 1 is also nam$ 9 v4 #d ( ! ,ecclus4 passage2 & ! aim ( glorify+ ,god is mo/ prom95t 9 bo?4 ,b ! resemblance 9 /yle to ,psalm cxlviii4 is n s great z has sometimes be5 imag9$4 7,see :at is said on ?is po9t "u ',au?or%ip1' p4 #bf47 ,on ! :ole1 ! /yle ( ! "w1 :e!r supplicatory1 n>rative1 or poetic1 is well suit$ to ! purpose = :i* x is design$2 & al?\gh ! influ5ce ( previ\s writ]s is evid5t1 ! mann] ( ! au?or is n t ( a m]e imitator ( _! compositions4 ,he has a =m ( 8 own 9 :i* to pres5t 8 subject4 ,,religi\s ,,& ,,social ,,/ate4 ,,religi\s4 ,s f> z ! ,jewi% actors 9 ! sc5e are conc]n$1 !y exhibit a true religi\s _s f ! ,o4,t4 /&po9t1 ) an un%akeable firmness ( conviction t ,jehovah alone %\ld be wor%ipp$4 ,! episode %ews 79 common ) ! canonical "p7 t ! ,captivity _h already produc$ a /ubborn opposition to idolatr\s temptations among ! ,jews4 ,! t5d5cy to foll[ aft] o!r gods1 & to dep>t f ,jehovah 9 ?is way1 _h be5 outroot$ f ! habits ( ^! exiles2 & _! example n[ w\ld be = all "t an inc5tive to o!rs to resi/1 at any co/1 ! press+ inducem5ts to become idolat]s4 ,x is difficult to f9d any?+ really inconsi/5t ) ! religi\s position1 s f> z we "k x1 ( ,israel 9 ,babylon4 ,bissell1 h[ev]1 writes /rongly to ! contr>y1 9 company z he av]s1 ) almo/ all non-,romi% s*ol>s4 ,?is op9ion is bas$ on little m ?an ! suppos$ inappropriat5ess ( ! ,pray] & ,song to ! occasion1 & on ! discrepancy ( v4 #ae 7#ch7 ) ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 & ) o!r p>ts ( ! composition 7p4 #dde & on v4 #ae74 ,?is discrepancy is dealt ) "u ',*ronology4' ,bissell also quotes ) approval ! exagg]at$ comp>ison ( ,ei*horn1 :o deems ! ?ree l d]vi%es gift$ 9 p5it5tial exclamations1 :i* !y int]rupt by abuse ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,a consi/5t religi\s gr\nd is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t by ! ?ree2 !re is = !m no do+ at ,rome z ,rome does 9 vital matt]s ( religion4 ,& _! condition is evid5tly compassionat$ by ,god1 _! fai?fulness approv$1 amid ! p]secutions ( a =eign l&4 ,consid]able tal5t & art 9 devotional composition are manife/$ 9 confession1 petition1 & praise--tal5t & art ( :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has widely avail$ h]self f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,! tone ( ,az>ias' pray] is n discordant ) ,daniel's description ( 8 own pray] 9 ix4 #bj1 nor ) ! pray] itself imm$iately prec$+ t v]se1 ei!r 9 s5tim5t or phraseology4 ,!y may well h come f ! same editor1 :e!r ! prime au?or ( ! :ole book or n4 ,v]se #af 7#ci7 app>5tly conta9s phrases cull$ f ,pss4 xxxiv4 #ah1 li4 #ag4 ,m4 ,p>k] on ,deut4 xxviii4 #ef 7,biblio!ca ,biblica1 ,oxf4 #agce7 ?9ks t ! decl>ation ( ! ?ree 9 v4 #i 7#cb7 corresponds ) ,deut4 xxviii4 #di1 #ej1 be+ 9 fact a public ackn[l$gm5t t national impiety _h br\ght ^u !m ! di/ress 9 :i* !y 7 at pres5t involv$4 ,if s1 x %ews k ( ! law on _! "p4 ,b ! connection is "o solely ( idea1 & n ( phraseology4 ,!re is a /rong connection 9 phraseology1 h[ev]1 betwe5 v4 #bg & ,deut4 xxxii4 #d 9 ,,lxx4 ,9 any case ! religi\s tone ( ! :ole production is n inconsi/5t ) :at we might h expect$4 ,,social4 ,! nature ( ?is piece does n af=d mu* scope = ! display ( ! social condition ( ,babylon & its inhabitants4 ,x is to be expect$ !re=e t x w %ew u f> less ( ^! matt]s ?an ei!r ,susanna or ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,b s f> z x gives any indications1 x is 9 accord ) ! canonical ,daniel1 & ) :at we "k f o!r s\rces ( ! cu/oms ( ! c\ntry4 ,evid5tly ,israel 0 9 a /ate ( subjection to ! ,babylonian k+1 :o ord]$ idolatry to be practis$ by captives & natives alike4 ,x is %ewn by v4 #i 7#cb7 sqq4 t ! =m] sm>t$ "u 8 tyranny1 & appeal$ to ,god = r$ress1 l _! =efa!rs 9 ,egyptian bondage4 ,! puni%m5t ( burn+1 on :i* ! :ole /ory turns1 is q ,babylonian4 ,j]4 xxix4 #bb is ano!r in/ance1 s t !re is no lack ( vraisemblance 9 its introduction "h4 7,see ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,crimes & ,puni%m5ts1 ,i4 #ebc1 = o!r in/ances74 ,x has be5 ?\ght 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 ed4 #b art4 ,furnace1 ,i4 #ajib;b7 t ?is furnace 9 ,daniel is allud$ to by our ,"l 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xiii4 #db1 #ej2 b h[ opposite on ?is occasion are ! consequ5ces ( be+ ca/ into x6 ,"h pray] & praise f ! righte\s1 !re weep+ & gna%+ f ! wick$4 ,! allusion mu/ be consid]$ a v d\btful "o4 ,! subs]vi5ce ( ! k+'s s]vants#bd 9 p]=m+ _! cruel "w1 & ! abs5ce ( a prote/+ voice or ( a help+ h& f any qu>t]1 is v *>act]i/ic ( ! results ( ,ea/]n despotism4 ,all1 except ! ?ree m>tyrs1 7 afraid ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 ^: murd]\s rage "u contradiction is ( a piece 9 bo? ! ,*aldee & ! ,greek portions ( ! *apt]4 ,no "o else on ?is occasion d>$ to disobey 8 decree1 & !re is no sign ( anyone v5tur+ s mu* z to int]c$e = ! ,jewi% victims4 ,9 su* small glimpses z are giv51 9 ?is ext5sion ( *ap4 iii41 ( ! social /ate ( ,babylonia !re is no?+ cle>ly indicat+ t ! int]polation 7if su* x be7 is ( an unhi/oric or untru/wor?y "*1 no?+ :olly irreconcilable ) ! re/ ( ! book4 ,inde$ ! au?or 7,w4,t4 ,bullock7 ( ! note on ,daniel iii4 #bc 9 ! ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm5t>y goes s f> z to write ( t noble canticle ,b5$icite1 z an hi/orical docum5t4 ,?is expression may require qualification1 b x is n beyond ! b\nds ( possible fact4 ,,!ology4 ,! !ology appe>s to be ( a p]fectly or?odox "*1 q :at might h be5 expect$ f ! ?ree *ildr52 nor is x inconsi/5t ) t conta9$ 9 ! re/ ( ! book ( ,daniel4 ,! exile _h n n[ contam9at$ ! ,jewi% religion1 b _h r purg$ x ( its corruptions1 & eradicat$ 9 p>ticul> ! fatal t5d5cy to s]ve o!r gods4 ,su* s9s are ?or\ghly confess$ by ,az>ias 9 a /yle n )\t resemblance to ,daniel's confession4 7,cf4 v4 #f 7#bi7 ) ix4 #e 9 bo? v]sions2 also ,e/h] xiv4 #f1 #g47 ,! ,god ( _! fa!rs is ,he alone to :om pray]s & praises are to be address$4 ,he is reg>d$ z ! ,"l ( all creation1 bo? z a :ole & 9 its specific p>ts4 ,he is look$ up to to make good ! old promises 7#ac71 be+ full ( m]cy 7#ai71 z well z ( p[] & glory 7#bj1 #bb1 #fh74 ,he is a k+ 7#cc71 j 7#d71 & graci\s 7#fg71 ) an e> op5 to ! addresses ( 8 p4 ,! righte\sness ( ev5 ,8 heavy judgem5ts is ackn[l$g$ 9 ! pray]2 & ! hymn ?r\gh\t %ews t ! gratitude ( man is pla9ly deem$ acceptable to ,him4 ,z to ! "q ( praise be+ call$ = f inanimate ?+s or irrational be+s1 we mu/ rememb] t ?\gh unfitt$1 s f> z we und]/& !m1 = consci\s praise1 _! creation1 ma9t5ance1 & usefulness give evid5ce ( ,god's greatness & goodness4 ,z ,cornelius ,lapide notes on v4 #ce 7#eg7 ,inanimes creatur b5$icunt ,deum creatorem suum1 non ore s$ op]e1 ait ,s4 ,hi]onymus1 giv+1 h[ev]1 no ref]5ce to ! passage 9 ,j]ome4 ,ps4 civ4 #d & ,heb4 i4 #g af=d "s helpful clues to ! op]ations ( ,nature 9 ?is connection4 ,man is treat$ by our au?or z ! int]pret] ( ,nature1 ) a "r1 z made 9 ! image ( ,god1 to call ^u x to glorify its ,mak]4 ,he (f]s vocal praise on its hehalf z well z on 8 own2 ?\gh ?+s )\t life praise ,god sil5tly1 by fulfill+ ! p>ts = :i* ,he made !m4 ,a some:at simil> idea ( ! elevat+ influ5ce ex]t$ by natural be+s may be disc]n$ 9 ! second ( ! ,new say+s ( ,jesus z re/or$ by ,messrs4 ,gr5fell & ,hunt 7,lond4 #aijd1 p4 #ae74 ,& ,addison fitly writes 7,spect4 ,no4 #cic71 ,! *e]fulness ( he>t :i* spr+s up 9 u f ! survey ( ,nature's works1 is an admirable prep>ation = gratitude 7cf4 ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,art1' s4v4 ',hippolytus'74 ,az>ias desires t ! rescue ( ! p>ty may r$\nd to ! k among all m5 ( ! sole deity ( ,jehovah 7#bb7--;a petition = ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! phrase 9 ! la/ v]se ( ! ,song1 1 might be tak5 z an admission ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r gods ov] :om ,jehovah 0 supreme4 ,b cle>ly ?is is n s int5d$1 z may be prov$ f ! use ( ! phrase 9 ,deut4 x4 #ag1 ,pss4 xlix4 ,i 7,,lxx71 cxxxvi4 #b4 ,yet x is n unlikely t ,nebu*adnezz> us$ ! phrase 9 ?is acceptation 9 ii4 #dg4 ,! o!r occasion1 h[ev]1 on :i* x is us$ 9 ,daniel 7xi4 #cf71 all[s x to be tak5 only 9 an or?odox s5se2 nor is any o!r likely 9 ! m\? ( ,az>ias1 :o resi/$ to ! utmo/ ! comm& to s9 by idolatry4 ,x is obs]vable t ,az>ias omits ! clause 9 ?y se$ %all all nations ( ! e>? be bless$ 7,g54 xxii4 #ah1 xxvi4 #d7 f 8 quotation ( ! patri>*al promise4 ,?is might arise f dislike to ! nations1 :o _h conqu]$ ,israel2 b on ! o!r h&1 ! gi/ ( x is conta9$ 9 8 conclud+ petition 9 v4 #bb4 ,! objection t ,ananias1 ,az>ias1 & ,misael are invok$ z sa9ts 7:i* probably caus$ ! omission 9 #aghi ( v4 #ff 7#hh7 f ! ,am]ican ,p4,b47 is suffici5tly answ]$ by po9t+ out t ! ,song is praise1 n pray]2 & t ^! ?ree d n /& on a diff]5t foot+ 9 ?is respect f ! o!r objects apo/rophiz$4 ,moreov]1 a highly poetical composition ( ?is k9d is n to be too lit]ally int]pret$4 ,z ,liddon rem>ks 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,religion 7,lond4 #ahib1 p4 #ahb71 ,! apo/rophes ( ! ,psalms & ,b5$icite are really acts ( praise to ,god1 ( :i* 8 creatures furni% ! occasion2 & ,addison aga9 7,spect4 ,no4 #cbg71 ,invocations ( ?is nature fill ! m9d ) glori\s ideas ( ,god's works4 v4 #dc 7#fe7 is oddly appli$ by ,ar*deacon ,frank1 ,s]m4 ,,xlii4 to ,p5teco/ 7,oxf4 #ahdi1 ,,ii4 #bed74 ,belief is pla9ly %ewn 9 an angelic m9i/ry1 s5t d[n to help ,god's suff]+ s]vants1 & endu$ ) miracul\s p[]s4 ,! angel comes1 too1 aft] _! humble confession & pray] = rescue 7vv4 #dc--de71 & be=e _! song ( praise4 ,! v propriety h[ev] ( ?is arrangem5t1 f a !ological po9t ( view1 induces ,ro?/e9 to deem ! pray] a subsequ5t introduction1 9 ord] to supply ! want ( reque/ = deliv]ance be=e praise = its accompli%m5t2 & he ?9ks t ! op5+ 9 ! n>rative = ! ins]tion ( ! pray] 7betwe5 vv4 #bc & #df7 0 n1 9 ! 1 v deftly effect$ 7,kautzs*1 ,i4 #age1 #aha74 ,! natural & ! sup]natural1 )\t any incongruity1 are bl5d$ z be+ all "u "o control1 all subs]v+ ! same great ends1 z 9 ! ,hebrew ,bible4 ,b !re is no increase ( ! miracul\s elem5t beyond t 9 *apt] iii41 9 :i* ?is piece is ins]t$2 & at a lat] age increase w\ld h be5 highly probable4 ,:at ess5tial diff]5ce is !re to be f\nd betwe5 ! miracles ( ! ,*aldee & ( ! ,greek ,daniel8 ,surely none4 ,a typical resemblance 0 disc]n$ by ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua 7,moral ,concordances1 ed4 ,neale1 p4 #abc71 betwe5 v4 #bf 7#dd7 & ! ,annunciation1 b ?is w be reg>d$ by _m m9ds z a v fanciful !ological discov]y1 & "o surely n 9 ! purview ( ! compos] ( ! passage4 ,,*ronology4 ,!re is b little 9 ! way ( *ronological indication 9 ?is addition2 consid]ably less ?an 9 ! o!r two1 & :at !re is1 is indirectly br\ght 94 ,a "t aft] ! ,captivity is evid5tly po9t$ to 9 vv4 #bf1 #cb1 #cg1 #ch4 ,j]usalem 0 ly+ "u a heavy visitation1 ! p deliv]$ ov] to ! enemy1 almo/ d5ationaliz$1 & depriv$ ( ! sacrificial wor%ip to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$4 ,yet ?is position ( affairs is spok5 ( z if x 7 n "o ( v long /&+4 7,cf4 ! use ( 9 vv4 #ca1 #cc1 #db1 ?\gh 9 ! la/ ( ^! in/ances its use may n p]haps be temporal47 ,x has be5 object$1 q unnecess>ily1 t v4 #ch is inconsi/5t ) v4 #ec1 ! "o imply+ ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 ! o!r recogniz+ its exi/5ce2 v4 #hd1 too1 may be tak5 z suppos+ prie/s to be /ill capable ( p]=m+ _! (fices4 ,x is ev5 possible t ! corrections ( ,cod4 ,a 9 v4 #ch may h _h beh9d !m "s idea ( s(t5+ a discrepancy4 ,?is suppos$ lack ( consi/5cy has be5 tak5 z an indication ( d\ble au?or%ip ( ! ,pray] & ! ,song2 & ( c\rse1 if ! ,pray] 7 a lat] int]polation ?an ! ,song1 ev5 ! appe>ance ( contempor>y inconsi/5cy is avoid$4 ,b if we 7 to decl9e ?is hypo!sis1 & take ,pray] & ,song z f ! same p51 !re is /ill no real difficulty2 = v4 #ch is ?9k+ ( ! e>?ly temple1 v4 #ec ( ! heav5ly4 ,grotius 7,critici ,sacri71 app>5tly accept+ ! /atem5ts ( v4 #ch z correct1 writes3 ,h>um r]um p5uria animos v5ture ,evangelio prp>abit4 ,ano!r *ronological difficulty1 t ( no prophet1#be 9 ! same v]se 7#ch7 has ev5 be5 (f]$ z a 'pro(' ( non-canonicity 7,cloquet1 ,articles1 p4 #aac74 ,s ,t4,h4 ,horne 9 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ( 8 ,introduction1 quot$ by ,a4 ,b>nes on ,daniel 7,i4 #ha71 says t v4 #ae 7#ch7 conta9s a direct falsehood2 & 9 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #icg ( 8 ,introduction 7ed4 #aheb71 he ass]ts t ! au?or slipp$ 9 ! "p he assum$4 ,m j is 8 obs]vation t ,!odotion does n appe> to h m>k$ ! discrepancy4 ,ball1 too1 jo9s 9 ! condemnation1 by express+ an op9ion t ! writ] _h lo/ 8 cue 7,introd4 to ,song1 p4 #cjh72 & ,reuss1 ,hi] v]rt si* d] ,v]fass] 7,o4,t41 ,brunswick1 #ahid1 ,,vii4 #aff74 ,x has be5 sugge/$ 7,j4,h4 ,blunt 9 loc47 t ,ezekiel1 :o 0 bo? prie/ & prophet1 _h j f9i%$ 8 utt]ances1 :ile ,daniel1 if he _h comm5c$ 81 w\ld1 out ( mode/y1 n reckon himself4 ,! same comm5tator also attempts1 /ill less successfully1 to ov]come ! difficulty ( no pr9ce4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 ?is m]ely means t no mon>* 0 actually reign+1 & t ,jewi% rul]s 7 !mselves rul$ & _! au?ority sup]s$$1 n t no memb] ( ! royal h\se or ( ! rul+ classes 0 9 exi/5ce4 ,& ?is seems to fit 9 bett] ) an e>ly p]iod ( ! ,captivity ?an ) a lat] age1 :5 ,simon ,maccabeus is said to h _h ! title on 8 co9s3 & ,matta?ias is call$ 9 ,i ,macc4 ii4 #ag4 ,ges5ius says 9 8 ,!saurus "u on ! au?ority ( ,f4,p4 ,bay] 7de numis hebraeosam>itanis1 p4 #aga1 app5d1 p4 xv471 t ,simon's co9s _h ! inscription #bf2 b x is n[ d\bt$ :e!r ! co9s =m]ly attribut$ to ,simon are really ( 8 "t4 7,cf4 ,bp4 ,wordswor? ( ,l9coln on ,i ,macc4 xv4 #f47 ,zckl]'s idea 7,comm4 9 loc47 t mu/ be und]/ood "h z equival5t to prie/ is unsupport$ & ne$less4 is nev] s translat$ by ,,lxx4 ,cornelius ,lap4 7,p>is1 #ahgd71 deals ) ! difficulty ( no prophet 9 a diff]5t way4 ,he writes1 ,quia ,dan4 potius somniorum regiorum erat int]pres1 quam propheta populi2 ,eze*4 autem propheta ab]at agebatque 9 ,*ob> aliisque ,*aldaeae locis1 eratque is unus et captivus4 ,itaque 'non e/1' i4e4 vix nullus erat4 ,( pr9ceps et dux he says no?+2 b ,p]onne adds a note to say t ,daniel 0 ?9k+ ( ,judaea only4 ,x is n unlikely t ,hos4 iii4 #d 0 9 ! m9d ( ! writ] ( ! ,song1 z be+ fulfill$ 9 8 days4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we assume a date = ! :ole piece consid]ably lat] ?an t ( ! canonical book1 x is q conceivable t ! au?or may h made a backw>d transf]5ce ( ! circum/ances ( 8 own "t to t ( ! e>li] exile4 ,= ?is is a species ( error all traces ( :i* ev5 exp]t =g]s f9d x difficult to remove4 ,x is g5]ally assum$1 & probably rightly1 t v4 #hh is int5d$ z a contempor>y utt]ance ( ! ,?ree call+ ^u !mselves2 nev]!less x is q intelligible z ! expression ( a lat] writ] summon+ !m1 ) ! re/ ( creation1 to praise _! ,mak]4 ,&1 assum+ ?is v]se to be contempor>y ) ! re/1 ?is latt] idea w\ld ( c\rse m>k ! hymn z n really issu+ f ! m\?s ( ! ,?ree4 ,ev]y?+ said & done 9 ?is piece takes place )9 "o day1 ! day on :i* ,nebu*adnezz>'s subjects 7 ord]$ to wor%ip ! gold5 image4 ,!re is !re=e mu* less scope ?an 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 or ev5 ,susanna1 = ^? :o seek to discov] *ronological difficulties1 because devotional compositions af=d few] op5+s ?an n>rative matt] = ! rais+ ( su* que/ions4 ,,canonicity4 ,l ,susanna1 & ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 =m$1 s f> z we "k1 "p ( ! orig9al ,,lxx text ( ,daniel1 hav+ a connection ) x clos] ev5 ?an !irs4 ,= :ile !y take _! places at ! beg9n+ or ! end1 ?is "o is incorporat$ into ! n>rative ( *apt] iii4 z "o connect$ :ole4 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi? does inde$ write 7,o4,t4 9 ,jewi% ,*ur*1 #ahie1 p4 #aed71 ^! are p]haps lat] additions to ! ,greek v]sion2 b ?is is only conjecture1 & z su* he puts x =w>d4 ,until ! correspond5ce ( ,orig5 ) ,africanus1 ! canonicity ( ^! pieces does n seem to h be5 call$ 9 "q by ,*ri/ians :o us$ ,greek or ,lat9 ,bibles2 nor d ,greek-speak+ ,jews appe> to h disput$ ! matt] s]i\sly4 ,commonly quot$ by ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs z p>ts ( ,daniel1 says ,we/cott 7,smi?'s ,d4,b41 ed4 #b1 ,i4 #gac;b74 ,s ,s*r] 7,,ii4 ,,iii4 #ahe71 ,julius ,africanus alone among ! old] ,fa!rs disputes ! canonicity ( ^! fragm5ts4 ,see also ,bissell's admission on p4 #ddh ( 8 ,apocrypha4 ,b ,j]ome s]i\sly call$ _! canonicity 9 "q 7,prf4 9 ,dan471 al?\gh he includ$ !m 9 8 translation1 ) a notice t !y 7 n f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,poly*ronius1 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia's bro!r1 refus$ to comm5t on ?is piece because x 0 n "p ( ! orig9al ,daniel1 nor 9 ! ,syriac1 4 ,9 ?is latt] respect x keeps company ) ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les 9 ! e>lie/ /age ( ! ,syriac ,n4,t4 7,c>r1 ,/4 ,james1 p4 ,,xlvii74 ,b x ga9$ a place 9 ! ,pe%itto 7,d4,c4,b4 arts4 ,poly*ronius ,polyc>pus ,*orepisc474 ,buhl 7,kanon und ,text des ,a4,t41 #ahia1 p4 #eb7 says t ! ,ne/orians recognise die apokryphis*5 ,zustze zum ,daniel als kanonis*2 & ! ,malab> ,*ri/ians reg>d ?is1 ) its two companions1 z "p & p>cel ( ! book ( ,daniel4 7,lett] to ! writ] f ,f4 ,giv>gese1 ,pr9cipal ( ,m> ,dionysius' ,sem9>y1 ,kottayam1 #aijb47 ,!y =m$ "p ( ! ,sahidic1 & probably o!r ,egyptian v]sions ( ,daniel1 :i* may be z e>ly z c5tury ,,ii42 z also ( ! ,e?iopic &1 seem+ly1 ( ! ,old ,lat9 7,swete1 ,introd4 #if1 #ajg1 #aaj74 ,x seems v difficult to prove t ! ,alex&rian ,jews :o us$ ! ,,lxx did n reg>d ?is piece z canonically valid2 ?\gh h[ !y reconcil$ _! canon ) ! ,pale/9ian "o is n cle>4 ,_! frequ5t communication ) ,pale/9ian ,jews mu/ h br\ght any consid]able discrepancy to ! notice ( bo? sides4 ,f4,c4 ,mov]s 7,loci quidam ,hi/4 c4 ,v4,t41 ,breslau1 #ahdb1 pp4 #bj1 #bb7 solves ! difficulty by imag9+ t ?is & ! o!r ,apocrypha 7 simil>ly reg>d$ bo? 9 ,pale/9e & ,alex&ria1 vix cr$ibile e/ alios libros a ,pale/95sibus int] pr(anos repositos ab ,alex&r9is codici sacro adscitos esse4 ,acts ii4 #aj proves ! pres5ce ( ,egyptian ,jews at ,j]usalem = ,p5teco/1 & vi4 #i t !y _h a synagogue !re4 ,?is close connection mu/ h br\ght _! religi\s practices to "o ano!r's k1 & any diff]5ces1 consid]$ s]i\sly important1 c\ld h>dly h fail$ to raise disputes4 ,n[ ,bleek 7,introd4 to ,o4,t41 ,,ii4 #cjc1 ,engl4 transl1 ,lond4 #ahfi71 says ! additions to ,e/h] & ,daniel 7 c]ta9ly look$ ^u by ! ,hell5i/ic ,jews 9 j ! same light z ! portions ( ! books :i* are 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,& ?is seems to h be5 done almo/ )\t "q1 difficulty1 or prote/1 al?\gh ,alex&rian ideas mu/ h be51 br\ght "u ! notice ( ! religi\s au?orities 9 ,j]usalem4 7,cf4 ,mey]'s note on ,acts vi4 #i1 & ,jos4 cond4 ,ap4 ,i4 #g1 z to regul> int]c\rse betwe5 ,pale/9ian & ,alex&rian ,jews47 ,pr(essor1 n[ ,bi%op1 ,ryle 7,c4 ( ,script1 p4 #aeg7 ?9ks t ! amplification ( ,daniel1 z ( ,e/h]1 may h be5 tol]at$ because ,daniel 0 n !n deem$ canonical4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t additional sections1 ?\gh small] 9 ext5t1 appe> 9 o!r books ( ! ,,lxx1 ( ^: canonicity !re appe>s to h be5 no "q1 e4g4 ,job xlii4 #ag1 ,prov4 xxiv4 #bb1 ,i4 ,k+s xvi4 #bh1 ?is la/ be+ tak5 f *ap1 xxii41 ?\gh /ill left !re4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ by ,pr(4 ,swete 7,introd4 p4 #bag7 t ! 7 probably atta*$ to ! canon by a loos] bond at ,alex&ria ?an 9 ,pale/9e4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 c]ta9 x is t ?is addition 0 frequ5tly quot$ or ref]r$ to by e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s z if "p ( ,dan4 iii41 )\t qualification or sign ( misgiv+1 z may be se5 9 ! quotations giv5 9 ! *apt] on ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' p4 #gf sqq4 ,loisy's cont5tion is a noticeable "o 7,a4,t4 p4 #bcf71 ,presque t\s les auteurs ca?oliques1 anci5s et mod]nes1 qui ont emis des res]ves t\*ant l'autorit des deut]o-canoniques1 ont reg>ds ces livres comme inspirs4 ,ils ne les croyai5t pas bons p\r tablir le dogme2 mais cela e/ p>faitem5t compatible avec l'inspiration1 att5du qu'un livre peut-tre inspir sans tre dogmatique1 et que s'il n'e/ pas dogmatique p> son cont5u il ne saurait regl] le dogme4 ,b ?is cont5tion sav\rs some:at ( clev] special plead+ 9 ord] to evade ! =ce ( oppos+ evid5ce4 ,loisy1 h[ev]1 = a ,roman ,ca?olic1 is a wond]fully frank & fair writ] on ^! matt]s4 ,! explanation ( ! e>ly mixture ( non-canonical books ) canonical1 by reason ( _! hav+ be5 kept z sep>ate papyrus rolls 9 ! same *e/ 7,swete's ,introd4 p4 #bbe71 seems n an unlikely "o 9 ! case ( indep5d5t works su* z ,judi? or ,wisdom4 ,b x appe>s to lose its =ce 9 ! case ( additions su* z ^!1 or ^? to ! book ( ,e/h]4 ,= ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 ,susanna1 & ,bel & ! ,dragon are h>dly likely to h _h sep>ate rolls assign$ to !m2 lea/ ( all ?is fir/ piece1 :i* fits into ! middle ( ! accept$ n>rative1 & is sc>cely intelligible )\t x4 ,some?+ m !re=e is want+ to expla9 ! inclusion ( ^? portions 9 ! ,greek ,bible4 ,b5gel's explanation 7,gnomon on ,matt4 xxiv4 #ae71 t ! apocryphal books 9 ,lat9 ,bibles 7 mix$ ) ! canonical pro argum5ti aff9itate1 ?\gh di/+ui%$ at fir/ by m>ks 7aft]w>ds omitt$7 9 ! index1 h[ev] likely s f> z x goes1 fails to acc\nt = _! admission on s sl5d] a plea into ,biblical ,,mss4 at all4 ,if ! additions are to be reg>d$ ) ,/reane 7,age ( ! ,macc4 p4 #afa7 z specim5s ( fiction1 ?is "o1 m /rongly ?an ! o!r two1 %ews ! pre-exi/5ce ( ! canonical ,daniel2 b x is v h>d to und]/& h[ 'fiction' ( ?is k9d c\ld be introduc$ into ! ,bible ) no g5]al prote/1 & ultimately come to be treat$ z ( ,div9e au?ority2 & ?is position is def5d$1 ev5 9 ^! critical days1 by ! great] numb] ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! _w4 ,:5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t made ! canon ( ,scripture co-ext5sive ) ! ,vulgate1 ?is1 ) ! o!r additions1 0 ( c\rse includ$ 9 ! decree4 ,b 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* up to ! pres5t day attempts h n be5 want+ to m9imize ! =ce ( ?is decision1 :i*1 if x removes "s difficulties1 c]ta9ly introduces o!rs4 ,outside ! ,roman ,*ur* ! position ( ^! books1 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! ,apocrypha1 rema9s1 z always1 m or less insecure4 ,a4 ,s*olz1 9 condemn+ ! pr9ciple t ,*ri/ians are ti$ to ! ,o4,t4 canon1 r amus+ly supposes3 ,w5n ,jem& si* bei d5 ,jud5 jetzt als ,prophet gelt5d ma*5 und e9 ,bu* s*reib5 wrdem s ms/e es na* diesem ,grundsatz von d5 ,prote/ant5 als kanonis* wohl an]kannt w]d5 7,e/h] und ,susanna1 ,wrzburg1 #ahib1 p4 #adj74 ,b su* argum5t is m]e polemic1 :i* _c be s]i\sly tak5 into acc\nt 9 e/abli%+ ! position ( ?is or ! o!r additions4 ,some?+ is ne$$ mu* deep] & m conv9c+ 9 "*4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art ,,lit]ature4 ,9 ! ,n4,t4 possible ref]5ces may be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #bi 7 7 f v4 #fe 7#hg72 ,,ii4 ,tim4 i4 #ah 7 7 f v4 #ae 7#ch72 9 ,numb4 xi4 #ae only does ! phrase else:]e occur1 b 9 ano!r t5se2 ,heb4 xii4 #bc 7 7 f v4 #fd 7#hf74 ,our 'apocryphon' is (t5 ref]r$ to or quot$ by e>ly ,fa!rs to a rem>kable ext5t1 consid]+ ! brevity ( ! piece & its m]ely episodic "* 9 ! ma9 n>rative4 ,! foll[+ are specim5s3 ,,ju/9 ,,m>tyr 7#afg871 ,apol4 ,i4 #df1 4 ,! names ( ! ,?ree occur 9 ?is =m & ord] 9 v4 #hh ( ! ,song only4 ,,clem4 ,,alex4 7#bbj7 9 8 ,eclog prophetic1 ,i1 quotes sev]al v]ses ) 4 ,,hippolytus 7#bcj7 recognizes ! ,song ( ! ,?ree 9 8 comm5t on ,daniel1 9 loc41 z well z 9 ! ,fragm5t pres]v$ 9 ! ,cat5a ,patrum 9 ,psalmos et ,cantica 7,ante-,nic4 ,*ri/ian ,lib4 p4 #dhd74 ,9 ! =m] place he comm5ts on ! words 1 & says t ! ,?ree 9 ref]5ce to v4 #ej2 9 ! latt]1 on ! v]se ,o ,ananias1 ,az>ias1 etc41 he notes t ev]y?+ is call$ to praise1 4 ,,t]tullian 7#bdj7 de ,orat4 #ae1 says t !y pray$1 9 =nace ,babylonii regis orantes4 ,9 #bi he quotes vv4 #bf1 #bg4 ,,orig5 7#bed7 ,comm4 9 ,ep4 ad ,rom4 ,i4 c4 #aj1 ,,ii4 c4 #i1 ,,vii4 c4 #a2 ,comm4 9 ,matt4 ,,xiii4 c4 #b 7nam+ ! ,,lxx72 & 9 de ,oratione ,,xiii4 ,,xiv4 ,,cyprian 7#beh7 ,de lapsis #ca & ,de dom4 orat4 #h1 quotes ?is piece1 9 ! latt] case agree+ ) r ?an 4 ,pseudo-,cypr4 7"s ( ^: writ+s ,pr(essor ,swete1 ,patri/ic ,/udy1 #aijb1 p4 #fg1 deems to be contempor>y ) ,cyprian or ne>ly s7 9 ,oratio ,,ii4 #b says misi/i angelum tuum cum roribus tuis1 agree+ ) 4 ,,eusebius 7#cdb71 9 8 fir/ ,fragm4 on ,daniel1 comm5ts on iii4 #di1 771 & quotes ,psalm xxviii4 #g z illu/rative4 7,9 ,con/ant9e's ,to ! ,conv5tion ( ,sa9ts1 giv5 9 ! translation ( ,eusebius 7,camb4 #afhc71 mu* m5tion is made ( ,daniel 9 ,babylon1 b !re is no cle> indication ( k ( ! additions47 ,,a?anasius 7#cgc7 quot$ ! ,song 9 ,ep4 ,pas*4 x4 #c2 & 9 ,ag/4 ,avians ,,ii4 #ga he employs ! ,song to arraign ! ,arian irreligion 7,newman's translation74 ,,ephrem ,,syrus 7#cgh74 ,8 comm5t>y on ,daniel does n embrace ! additions1 b 9 8 ,morn+ ,hymn1 r5d]$ by ,h4 ,burgess 7,lond4 #ahec71 we h ,spr9kle me ) ,?y dew1 l ! "y m5 9 ! furnace4 ,,cyril ,,( ,,j]usalem 7#chf7 quotes bo? ! ,pray] ( ,az>ias 7v4 #bi7 & ! ,song 7v4 #ed7 9 ,cate*4 ,,ii4 #ah & ,,ix4 #c respectively1 )\t hesitation 7ed4 ,reis*l1 ,muni*1 #ahdh74 ,,ambrose 7#cig7 9 ,luc4 ,,vii ,cantav]unt ,hebri cum ve/igia eorum tactu flamm rorantis humesc]5t4 ,,hi]onymus ,,gr,,cus ,,!ologus 7c5t4 ,,iv87 de ,tr94 treats ! hymn1 flames & dew 9 ! furnace1 1 z an emblem ( ! ,?ree 9 ,"o4 ,,sulpicius ,,sev]us 7#djj87 ,hi/4 sacr4 ,,ii4 #e %ews k ( ?is ,song by writ+ ( ! ,?ree z deambulantes 9 cam9o psalmum ,deo dic]e c]n]5tur4 ,,*ryso/om 7#djg7 ,de incompreh5sibili ,dei natura ,v4 #g1 444 1 444 ,9 ,isaiam ,,vi4 4 ,hom4 ,,iv4 ad pop4 ,antio*4 7de /atuis7 4 ,also ,de inc>natione ,,vi4 ,,ruf9us 7#daj7 adv4 ,hi]on4 lib4 ,,ii4 upbraids ,j]ome = n reckon+ ! piece canonical4 ,,j]ome 7#dbj74 ,9 ! ,comes or ,lection>y1 ! ,song is made use (1 b probably ! ,comes is n really ,j]ome's4 7,see art4 ,lection>y1 ,d4,c4,a4 #ifb;a47 ,,!odo]t 7#deg7 9 ,lett] ,,cxlvi4 quotes v4 #fc among/ a /r+ ( canonical texts2 & also deals ) ! :ole 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,daniel1 z consolidat$ ) *ap4 iii4 ,,s$ulius 7#dfj874 ,9 8 poem ,de tribus pu]is !re is no?+ :i* goes beyond ! canonical record2 b1 /rangely en\gh1 9 8 ,miraculorum recapitulatio pro$ictorum !re are ! l9es 4444 flagrante cam9o ,s]vavit sub rore pios4 ,& equally 9 ! prose v]sion rore syd]eo pu]orum membra proluit 9 cam9o4 ,?is %ews a recognition ( v4 #ej 7de la ,bigne1 ,biblio!ca ,patrum1 ed4 #d1 #afbd1 pp4 #ffj1 #ffa1 #iad74 ,,v]ecundus 7#eeb7 wrote a comm5t on "s ( ! ecclesia/ical canticles includ+ ! pray]s ( ,az>ias & ,manasses 7pr9t$ 9 ,spicilegium1 ,solesm5se1 ,vol4 ,,iv474 ,x is manife/1 !re=e1 t ,e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s reg>d$ ! ,song z ( mu* value & importance2 7 well acqua9t$ ) x1 & (t5 quot$ x 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! canonical books4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 a k ( x is n %ewn :]e we %\ld h expect$ x2 & 9 "s cases we "k t ^? :o quot$ x d5i$1 or d\bt$1 its canonicity4 ,,art4 ,?is ,greek ins]tion 9 ! book ( ,daniel has1 on ! :ole1 (f]$ less scope = ! ex]cise ( arti/ic tal5t ?an ! hi/ory ( ,susanna or ev5 ?an t ( ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,! nature ( its cont5ts1 :i* consi/s 9 ! ma9 ( a pray] & a song1 reasonably acc\nts = ?is paucity ( illu/ration4 ,x does n l5d itself s readily z its two companions to pictorial treatm5t4 ,nev]!less a c]ta9 numb] ( examples are n want+4 ,loisy 9 8 ,canon ( ! ,o4,t4 7#ahij1 p4 #ie7 rem>ks1 ,ds avant le ,,ivsupe_/sup sicle1 on ornait les catacombes de pe9tures dont les sujets avai5t t f\rnis p> ,tobie et les fragm5ts de ,daniel4 ,9 a fresco f ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,h]mes1 ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 are repres5t$1 ea* ov] a sep>ate /oke-hole 7or :at looks l "o71 ) h&s elevat$ z if 9 pray] or praise1 mo/ likely 9 ref]5ce to v4 #a 7#bd71 7see ,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,fresco1 p4 #gjj;a74 ,ano!r picture ( figures some:at diff]5t1 yet ) out/ret*$ h&s1 is giv5 f ,bott>i 9 ! same ,diction>y "u art4 ,furnace4 ,!re are sculptur$ repres5tations ( ! ,?ree on ! high crosses at ,moone ,abbey1 & at ,kells 7,m4 ,/okes1 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 ,lond4 #ahhg1 ,,ii4 #bb74 ,9 ! ,utre*t ,psalt]1 ov] ! ,song are depict$1 z well z 9 o!r places1 ! sun & ! moon1 v appropriately 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,sun71 & 9 o!r illum9at$ ,psalt]s1 pictures ( ! ,?ree 9 ! furnace are n uncommon4 ,?us ,brit4 ,mus4 ,,ms4 ,additional #aahcf has an illum9ation ( ! furnace sc5e4 ,! "u side ( ! wood5 ro( ( ,tr9ity ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 0 pa9t$ ab\t #ahgj ) ! s]ies ( natural objects m5tion$ 9 ! ,song prop]1 & ) ! words app]ta9+ to ea*4 ,a few extracts f ,b5$icite are on scrolls 9 a mod]n w9d[ on ! s\? side ( ! *ancel ( ,/4 ,james' ,*ur*1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds4 ,x is a little surpris+ t ! s]ies ( objects nam$ 9 ?is ,song has n be5 m frequ5tly *os5 = decorative purposes on ro(s1 walls1 or w9d[s ( ecclesia/ical build+s1 :]e a long s]ies w\ld be appropriate4 ,p]haps ! l5g? ( ! s]ies1 & ! difficulty ( mak+ any b an arbitr>y selection1 has some?+ to d ) ! r>ity ( its appe>ance4 ,a set ( n v satisfactory wood-engrav+s by ,mac,whirter & o!rs1 "o illu/ration to ea* v]se1 0 publi%$ 9 a small book "u ! title ( ! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 illu/rat$ 7,london1 #ahhg7 ,! v]se ,o ye wells1 etc41 is said to be a frequ5t motto = ! floral well-dress+s at ,tiss+ton1 9 ,d]by%ire1 & else:]e1 on ,asc5sion ,day2 & a m appropriate "o c\ld h>dly be f\nd4 ,b 9 g5]al ! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 has n1 = ! reason giv5 above1 & d\btless o!rs besides1 prov$ a popul> subject 9 art4 ,,liturgical ,,use4 ,,g5]al4 ,!re is1 /range to say1 no record ( ! ,song's employm5t 9 ?is way among/ ! ,jews4 ,/atem5ts sometimes made to ! contr>y 9 works on ! ,p4,b41 e4g4 by ,w4,g4 ,humphry1 ,f4 ,proct]1 ,e4 ,daniel1 & ,j4,m4 ,full] 7,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm4 ,introd4 to ! ,song71 9 ! lat] ,jewi% ,*ur*1 all appe> to h orig9at$ 9 a misund]/&+ ( an ambigu\s s5t5ce 9 ,:eatley's ,rational ,illu/ration 7#ahge1 p4 #adc74 ,he says t x 0 an anci5t hymn 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*4 ,b ?is does n necess>ily imply t x =m$ any "p ( ,jewi% s]vices4 ,nor did ,:eatley probably int5d to ass]t t x did4 ,9 po9t ( fact no evid5ce ( su* use is =?com+1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly w\ld n h be5 surpris+ if ! ,song _h be5 s us$1 at lea/ among ! ,hell5i/ic ,jews4 ,= z ,ro?/e9 says 9 ,kautzs*'s ,apocrypha1 l ,ps4 cxxxvi4 x is (f5b> antiphonis* aufzufass5 & litanei>tig4 ,not)/&+ ! previ\s neglect1 z x w\ld seem1 ( ?is ,song 9 ,jewi% wor%ip1 its use by ,*ri/ians dates f an e>ly p]iod4 ,s ,bp4 ,gray 7,o4,t41 p4 #faa7 says1 ,x 0 sung 9 ! s]vice ( ! primitive ,*ur*2 & ,ball1 ! in/9ct ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* e>ly adopt$ ! ,b5$icite = liturgical use1 0 "r 7p4 #cjg74 ,yet aft] x _h come into high e/eem ) ,*ri/ians its *ances ( ,jewi% acceptance w\ld ( c\rse be l>gely dim9i%$4 ,,e>ly4 ,! liturgical use h[ev] 0 g5]ally conf9$ to ! ,song prop]1 comm5c+ ) v4 #bi1 & n always ext5d+ to ! :ole ev5 ( t4 ,9 ! ,greek ,*ur* x is divid$ into two odes1 said at ,lauds on two diff]5t days1 vv4 #c--cd 7,a4,v4 v]ses7 =m+ "o1 & ! rema9d] ( ! ,song ! o!r 7art4 ,canticle ,d4,g4,a474 ,9 ! ,ambrosian rite ! fir/ "p only ( ! ,song is us$ z an invitatory be=e ! ,mat9 ,psalms1 "u ! title1 some:at confus+ to u1 ( ,b5$ictus 7,d4,g4,a4 art4 ,b5$ictus74#bg ,= "s reason n easy to assign1 ! ,song1 :e!r divid$ or entire1 has always be5 treat$ z a morn+ canticle1 al?\gh !re is no?+ 9 its words to sugge/ any "t ( day z specially appropriate4 ,ruf9us1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,salmon 7,speak]'s ,comm4 ,introduction to ,apocr4 ,x,x,v,i,ib71 speaks ( ! ,song z sung on ,fe/ivals 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,no ref]5ce is giv5 to ! passage quot$4 ,b 9 ,ruf9us' ,apol4 9 ,hi]on4 ,,ii4 #ce we f9d ! words1 ,omnis ,ecclesia p] orbem t]r>um444 quicunque ,hymnum trium pu]orum 9 ,ecclesia ,dom9i cec9]unt1 etc4 ,:e!r ?is be ! passage ,dr4 ,salmon int5ds or n1 x is at any rate suffici5t to prove t ! canticle 0 9 use 9 & be=e ,ruf9us' "t1 :o is believ$ to h di$ 9 ! ye> #daj4 ,bi%op ,b>ry 7,tea*]'s ,p4,b47 notes t x 0 us$ at ,lauds 7 7 9 ! ,ea/ z well z 9 ! ,we/3 & s ,mr4 ,ho?am 9 8 art4 ,canticle 9 ,d4,c4,a4 ,9 8 art4 ,psalmody1 h[ev]1 no m5tion is made ( its ,ea/]n use2 b 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* 9 ! ,gregorian & its d]iv$ rites1 includ+ ! ,roman & cognate ,brevi>ies1 he says1 ,b5$ictiones sive canticum trium pu]orum comes 9 ,sunday ,lauds1 & likewise 9 ! ,b5$ict9e ,psalt]4 ,9 ! ,ambrosian ,psalt]1 :ile ! fir/ "p ,b5$ictus es is said daily at ,mat9s z /at$ above1 ! usual ,b5$icite is said at ,lauds on ,sundays4 ,9 ! ,moz>abic ,psalt] an abridgm5t ( bo? p>ts is said at ,lauds1 b n 9 f]iis4 ,b5$ictus es also comes on weekdays at ,prime4 ,9 ! ,moz>abic ,missal ,b5$icite occurs 9 ! s]vice = ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,l5t4 ,9 ! use arrang$ by ,cs>ius ( ,aries 7#edb7 = ! ,gallican ,*ur* ,b5$icite 0 sung at ,sunday ,lauds4 ,du*esne says 7,*ri/ian ,wor%ip1 ,eng4 tr4 ,s4,p4,c4,k4 #aijc1 p4 #aie71 ,9 ! ,gallican ,mass betwe5 ! ,apo/olic & ! ,evangelic lections ! ,hymn ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 0 sung4 ,x 0 kn[n also by ! "n ( ! ,b5$iction 7,b5$icite7 because 9 x ! ^w ',b5$icite' is cont9ually repeat$4 ,9 a note he adds1 ,! ,luxeuil ,lection>y1 h[ev]1 prescribes = ! ,nativity1 ,daniel cum ,b5$ictione1 i4e41 ! ,hymn ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 be=e ! ,apo/olic ,lection4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,mass ( ,clausum ,pas*ale x places x aft] ?is lection4 ,! f\r? c\ncil ( ,tol$o 9 #fcc1 condemns ! omission ( ! ,song at ,mass1 ?reat5s ) excommunication ^? :o 9 ,spa9 or ,gaul 7or ,gallicia1 m>g97 p]si/ 9 leav+ x out1 & /yles x ,hymnum quoque trium pu]orum 9 quo univ]sa coeli t]rque creatura dom9um collaudat et quem ecclesia ca?olica p] totum orbem diffusa celebrat 7,mansi1 ,concil41 ,flor5ce1 #agfd1 ,x4 #fbc74 ,9 ! ,roman ,missal at ! end ( ! ,canon1 ! la/ ,rubric is ,disc$5s ab ,alt>i1 pro grati>um actione dicit ,antiphonam ,trium ,pu]orum cum reliquis1 ut habetur 9 pr9cipio ,missalis2 :]e is giv5 z an antiphon be=e x ^! words1 ,trium pu]orum cantemus hymnum quem cantabant sancti 9 cam9o ignis1 b5$ic5tes ,dom9um4 ,possibly !re is a ref]5ce to ?is ,eu*>i/ic use 9 ,bi%op ,wordswor?'s ,mi*aelmas ,hymn1 ,no4 ,,cii4 9 8 ,holy ,ye>1 #ahfd4 ,angelic voices we %all he> ,jo9$ 9 our jubilee1 ,9 ?is ?y ,*ur* & e*o+ ,our ,b5$icite4 ,angelic faces we %all see ,angelic songs o'erspread ,above ?y holy ,alt>1 ,"l1 ,& ,?\1 ! ,liv+ ,bread4 ,9 ! ,s>am ,brevi>y 7& 9 ,c>d9al ,quignon's7 ,b5$icite is a canticle at ,lauds on ,sundays only4 ,x is to be said )\t ,glory2 dicatur s9e ,gloria ,patri p] totum annum qu&ocunque dicitur 7,proct]1 p4 #ahh72 b a doxology is provid$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y1 ,b5$icamus ,patrem et ,filium cum ,sancto ,spiritu1 etc41 & ',am5' is direct$ n to be said at ! end4 ,?is doxology is said to h be5 add$ by ,pope ,damasus ,i41 :o also transpos$ v4 #ef to /& z ! f9ale ( ! ,song 7see ,james ,m',sw9ey1 ,psalms & ,canticles1 ,lond4 #aija1 p4 #fdc74 ,?is ,r4,c4 writ] calls ! use ( ! canticle on ,sundays a ?anksgiv+ = ! resurrection ( ! ,crucifi$1 ! e>ne/ ( ! glories :]e) nature is to be inve/$ at ,8 second com+4 ,b ?is s\nds l an ex po/ facto reason = its appropriat5ess4 ,b5$icite appe>s1 at any rate sometimes1 to h be5 said subsequ5tly to ,te ,deum aft] ! election ( an ,abbot 7see ,jocel9 ( ,brakelond's ,*ronicle1 ,sir ,e4 ,cl>ke's ed41 #aijc1 p4 #ch74 ,x also appe>s 9 ! ,cantica aft] ! ,psalt]1 betwe5 ,te ,deum & ,b5$ictus1 9 ! ,scotti% ,brevi>ium ,bo?anum1 :i* is ?\ght to be ( ab\t #ae? c5tury 7,lond4 #aijj74 ,?us x is evid5t t ! use ( ?is hymn became g5]al at an e>ly p]iod1 & s cont9u$1 hav+ nev] rec$$ 9 ,*ri/ian e/eem z a valu$ factor 9 public wor%ip4 ,besides ! use ( ! ,song1 or "p ( x1 z a canticle1 v]ses or small portions (t5 occur 9 liturgies2 e4g41 vv4 #bh--cj are borr[$ 9 an be=e ! (f]tory pray]s 9 ! ,liturgy ( ,/4 ,james2 at ! c5s+ ( ! ,gospel 9 t ( ,/4 ,m>k2 9 a ,byzant9e ,liturgy ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ! second pray] ( ! fai?ful2 9 t ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om imm$iately be=e ! lections 9 ! ,mass ( ! ,cate*um5s2 & v4 #ai 9 ! 9 t ( ! ,coptic ,jacobites 7,brightman's ,liturgies1 ,i4 ,oxf4 #ahif74 ,9 ! ,leon9e ,sacram5t>y1 9 a ,preface1 ,m5se ,junio1 ,,iiii4 #a4 #ac1 ad ,fontem1 ! la/ words ( ! ,song appe> to be cit$ pl5a sunt omnia saccula mis]icordia tua 7,dr4 ,feltoe's ed41 ,camb4 #ahif1 p4 #ca74 ,! v]se ,b5$icite omnes angeli occurs 9 a ,communio = ,mi*aelmas 9 ! ,rosslyn ,missal2 ,b5$ictus es ,dom9e patrum no/rorum occurs 9 ! ,mass ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,missal z a gradale1 also 9 a ,mass pro sponsis1 & o!r places 7,h54 ,brad%aw ,soc41 ,lond4 #ahii1 p4 #gj1 #ahig1 p4 #abci74 v4 #cd 7#ef7 occurs 9 ! ,s>um ,compl9e aft] ! ,cre$1 z also 9 ! ,roman4 ,9 ! ,greek ,eu*ologion a great "p ( ! ,song is embodi$1 ) o!r ,scripture odes1 9 :at is /yl$ ! ,canon at ,great ,mat9s 9 ! ,all ,night ,vigil 7,eu*ology1 translat$ by ,g4,v4 ,%ann1 ,kidd]m9/]1 #ahia1 p4 #cd74 ,,lat] ,,engli% ,,use4 ,burbidge 7,liturgies & ,(fices ( ! ,*ur*1 #ahhe1 p4 #bfh71 gives a numb] ( in/ances ( ! use ( ,b5$icite 9 =eign s]vice books1 & says1 ,9 o!r *ur*es ,b5$icite has be5 held 9 high] e/eem ?an among/ ourselves4 ,e/eem = x has nev] be5 entirely lack+1 h[ev]1 z its prom95ce 9 ! ,p4,b4 %ews4 ,9 a ,prym] ( circ4 #adjj1 z giv5 by ,maskell 7,mon4 rit4 #ahhb1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #ba71 ,b5$icite occurs 9 ,mat9s1 beg9n+ ,alle w]kis ( ! ,"l1 bless ye to ! ,"l3 h]ie ye & ov]hize ye him 9 all "t4 ,on ! same page1 note #di1 he gives a quotation f ,gemma animae1 ,,ii4 #ec1 canticum trium pu]orum e/ fe/ivius et ideo 9 omnibus fe/is dicitur4 ,also 9 8 ,app5d1 to ,prym]1 p4 #bdc1 ano!r v]sion is giv51 f ,bodl4 ,d\ce ,,ms4 #bge1 fol4 #i;b3 ,alle w]kes ( ! ,"l1 bless ye ! ,"l3 praise & ov]heie ye him 9 to ! worldes4 ,!re 0 an au?oriz$ translation into ,wel% e>ly 9 ! #ad? c5tury1 accord+ to ,h4 ,zimm] 7,urtext und ,ueb]setz1 ,leipzig1 #ahig1 p4 #agb71 toge!r ) ,magnificat1 ,b5$ictus1 & sev]al ,psalms1 evid5tly = liturgical purposes4 ,9 ! ,p4,b4 ( #aedi ! use ( ! ,b5$icite z a sub/itute = ! ,te ,deum 0 conf9$ to ,l5t all ! :i* "t its recital 0 obligatory4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by ,w4,g4 ,wyon 7,lett] to ,gu>dian1 ,may #ad1 #aijb7 t m$ival devotion read into x an allegoric mean+ ( deliv]ance f temptations & dang]s ( ?is naughty _w1 & ?is made ! ,song suitable = ,l5t4 ,he also sugge/s t ! ',oratio' ( ! ,roman ,missal 9 ! ',grati>um actio' aft] ,mass1 :i* conta9s x1 %ews u its suitability = p5it5tial seasons indirectly1 ,deus qui tribus1 etc4 ,no d\bt hope ( deliv]ance f fi]ce spiritual p]ils may be 9 ,l5t a prop] frame ( m9d2 b ?is attempt to prove ! ,b5$icites special appropriat5ess to t season is m +5i\s ?an satisfy+4 ,x is /ra9$ & f>-fet*$4 ,comp>e :at is said above 7p4 #hh71 :]e ,m',sw9ey is cit$ z %ew+ 9 simil> /yle its special appropriat5ess to ,sunday4 ,! tone ( ! canticle is unmi/akeably joyful1 & ! #aedi rubric disappe>$ 9 #aeeb1 leav+ ,b5$icite z a simple alt]native to ! ,te ,deum1 at any "t accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! (ficiant4 ,& s x /ill rema9s1 ?\gh (t5 pref]r$ to ! ,te ,dewm dur+ ,l5t4 ,septuagesima & ,tr9ity ,,xxi4 are1 on acc\nt ( _! fir/ lessons1 fitt+ ,sundays = its use2 nor is x by any means unsuitable = a h>ve/ fe/ival4 ,an entirely diff]5t k9d ( reason = its ,l5t5 suitability is provid$ by ,h4,p4 ,corni% 7,notes on ,p4,b41 ,evans1 ,r$dit*1 n4d41 p4 #ag74 ,l5t1 he says1 is ! "t :5 all nature beg9s to wake f its ,l5t5 sleep3 h5ce its appropriat5ess 9 spr+4 ,x is que/ionable1 h[ev]1 :e!r m$ival liturgical au?orities paid mu* att5tion to ! natural seasons ( ! ye>2 & ! v>iety ( 'reasons' proves ! difficulty ( discov]+ a really conclusive "o4 ,! idea t ! ,b5$icite is consonant ) ,l5t5 feel+s is s+ul>ly out ( accord ) ! op9ion express$ z to its "* z be+ 'fe/ivius' 9 ! ,gemma animae1 giv5 above1 p4 #ij4 ,inde$ x c h>dly be disput$ t its tone is joyful4 ,b ?\gh its special aptness = a fa/+-"t is n easy to make out cle>ly1 few unprejudic$ p w diss5t f ! op9ion ( ,freeman z to its scope :5 he writes1 t ?\gh want+ 9 ! gr& /ructure ( ! ,te ,deum1 9 po9t ( range x is 9 no way inf]ior 7,div9e ,s]vice1 ,lond4 #ahee1 ,i4 #cef74 ,9 ! s*eme = ! revision ( ! ,pray]-,book 9 ,william ,,iii4's reign x 0 actually arrang$ to expunge ,b5$icite1 & to sub/itute ,ps4 cxlviii4 ,x w\ld h be5 extrud$ 9 good company h[ev]1 z ,magnificat & ,nunc ,dimittis 7 to be replac$ by psalms 9 a simil> way4 ,happily ! deplorable proposals ( #afhi came to no?+4 ,b /range to say1 previ\sly to ?is1 9 ! ,laudian ,scotti% ,pray]-,book1 ,psalm xxiii4 _h be5 sub/itut$ = ,b5$icite4 ,9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 9 #affb1 ! ,*ur*1 taught by ! p]secution ( ! ,commonweal?1 decl9$ to appo9t "s psalm or scripture hymn in/ead ( ! apocryphal ,b5$icite1 z dem&$ by ! ,puritans at ! ,savoy ,conf]5ce 7,proct]1 ,p4,b41 #ahgb1 p4 #aai74 ,at a r e>li] p]iod1 ,dean ,boys ( ,cant]bury1 9 8 qua9t ,pray]-,book ,notes 7#afae87 says3 ,i f9de ?is hymne less m>tyr$ ?an ! re/1 & !re=e dismisse x1 z ,*ri/ did ! woman 7,john viii471 ',:]e be ?9e accus]s8 ,ha? no man condemn$ !e8 ,no m doe ,i2 goe ?y way4' ,at lea/ ?ree ,engli% metrical r5d]+s ( ,b5$icite exi/1 "o ( ! #ah? & two ( ! #ai? c5tury1 by ,j4 ,m]rick1 ,j4,s4 ,blackie1 & ,ri*>d ,wilton respectively4 ,! fir/ ( ^! writ]s1 :o exp&s freely1 concludes ) a /anza design$ to put ! ,song unmi/akeably into ! m\?s ( ! ,?ree3 ,let u1 :o n[ impassive /&1 ,plac'd by ! ,tyrant's /]n ,comm& ,amid ! fi]y ,blaze1 7,:ile ?us we triumph 9 ! ,flame7 ,rise1 & our ,mak]'s ,love proclaim ,9 hymns ( endless praise4 ,! objection t 9 us+ ?is hymn we pray to angels & heav5s1 to ice & sn[1 etc41 %ews h[ h>d x is to f9d reasonable cause ( compla9t aga9/ its use4 7,see p4 #fb74 ,! :ole canticle 0 h[ev] actually omitt$ 9 ! ,p4,b4 pr9t$ at ,ox=d 9 #agif1 an edition notori\s = ! lib]ties tak5 ) ! book 9 _m ways 7,a4,j4 ,/eph5s' ,p4,b41 ,lond4 #ahdi74bh ,! la/ v]se1 ,o ,ananias1 etc41 :i* 0 omitt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,p4,b4 is1 z well z ! above1 dealt ) "u ',!ology1' p4 #fd4 ,9 an ,alt> ,s]vice ,manual1 ed4 #ahcg1 :i* 0 v popul> 9 ! middle ( ! #ai? c5tury1 by ,s4 ,isaacson1 c]ta9 extracts f ! ,b5$icite1 ) presumably orig9al additions1 are =m$ into :at is call$ ! canticle 9 an ,ev5+ ,liturgy = use aft] ,holy ,communion4 ,! five add$ v]ses1 9 r unrhy?mical ,engli%1 are modell$ 9 imitation ( ! ,song1 e4g4 ,o ye :o h p>tak5 ( ! ,holy ,communion1 bless ye ! ,"l3 praise ,him & magnify ,him = ev]4 ,! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 is1 ) o!r canticles1 frequ5tly f\nd 9 app5dices to bo? ,greek & ,lat9 ,psalt]s4 ,& on ?is acc\nt x is includ$ sometimes 9 comm5t>ies on ! ,psalt]1 z 9 t ( de ,muis 7#fdd71 ,l\va91 #aggj1 beg9n+ ) v4 #ea1 tunc hi tres quasi ex uno ore laudabant1 etc4 ,x /&s 9 ?is book betwe5 ,hezekiah's & ,jonah's pray]s4 ,9 ! m$ival ,psalt]s1 ,b5$icite may con/antly be f\nd1 ?\gh its place 9 ! s]ies ( canticles v>ies consid]ably4 ,_m ( ! ,,lxx ,,mss4 too conta9 ^! canticles1 or "s ( !m1 repeat$ f _! regul> places 9 ! text1 su* z ,alex&r9us & ! ,v]onese & ,tur9 ,psalt]s2 ( ^! ! fir/ has vv4 #bf to #de & #eb to #eh1 z two sep>ate canticles betwe5 ! ,pray] ( ,manasses & ,magnificat2 ! second1 vv4 #eb to #ij aft] ,magnificat z its la/ canticle2 & ! ?ird has vv4 #bf to #de1 #eb to #ef1 & #eg to #ij z ?ree sep>ate canticles betwe5 ! ,p4 ( ,m4 & ,b5$ictus4 ,9 ea* case1 x w be obs]v$1 ! n>rative portion is naturally exclud$4 ,9 ! fir/ & ?ird ( ^! ,,mss41 ,a4 & ,t41 x may "h be not$ t !re is a non-biblical ,morn+ ,hymn1 1 a k9d ( ,ea/]n ,gloria 9 excelsis1 :i* conta9s an app>5t extract f vv4 #bi1 #cj 7#eb71 or v4 #c 7#bf7 ( our ,apocryphon1 9 l9e #cd ( ! hymn4 ,v ne>ly ! same words occur 9 ,tobias' song 7,tob4 viii4 #e71 :i* curi\sly en\gh 79 common ) ! song ( ,deborah71 is n includ$ 9 ^! canticles4 ,d\btless x 0 n 9 ecclesia/ical use2 b ! reason :y ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ab/a9$ f avail+ h]self ( x = *oral purposes is n evid5t2 any m ?an :y ! ,jewi% ,*ur* ab/a9$ f ! use ( ,b5$icite4 ,al?\gh ! employm5t ( ,b5$icite 9 ! s]vices ( ! ,*ur* is int]e/+1 z %ew+ ! value set ^u1 & ! use made (1 ?is canticle1 x reflects little or no light on its orig91 or inde$ on any ( ! heads "u :i* x has be5 previ\sly discuss$4 ,,example ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,! conduct ( ,az>ias & its results %ew u ! value ( ,pray] made by ^? "u p]secution4 ,he l$ ! way1 & 8 comrades jo9$ him4 ,az>ias is n s tak5 up ) ! wrongs ( himself & 8 fell[s z to =get ! wrongs :i* 8 own nation _h done2 !re=e 8 pray] comm5ces ) a humble ,confession4 ,!n he relies on ! great promises ( ! pa/ 7vv4 #ab1 #ac74 ,x may be ?\ght t ,humility is also %ewn 9 ! ,song by ! ,?ree putt+ _! own names 9 ! la/ place ( ! s]ies4 ,b ano!r cause may h contribut$ to ! *oice ( ?is ord]2 =1 s f> z animal life is conc]n$1 ! ,song foll[s ! ord] ( ,g54 i41 br++ 9 human be+s la/1 n z be+ lea/ important1 b z =m+ ! cr[n ( creation4 ,al?\gh ,nebu*adnezz> is sev]ely spok5 ( 9 v4 #i1 ,a4,v4 7& 9 iv4 #bg ( ! canonical book 's9s & iniquities' are attribut$ to ,nebu*adnezz>71 !re is great ,self-re/ra9t %ewn 9 wi%+ = retribution 7vv4 #bj1 #ba72 & inde$ x is ask$ t he & 8 s]vitors may be br\ght to ! k ( ,god 7v4 #bb74 ,! pleasure ( ,?anksgiv+ & ,praise on deliv]y are exemplifi$ by ! ,?ree 9 ! production ( ! ,song itself4 ,z soon z ev] _! pray] 0 answ]$1 be=e !y em]g$ f ! furnace1 !y unit$ _! voices 9 ?ank+ ,god ) a gl[ ( f]vid fai?1 recogniz+ 9 ,him ! univ]sal ,"l & ,b5efactor4 ,!y sang 9 h>moni\s accord _! song ( praise at once 7v4 #bh74 ,?\gh /aun*ly refus+ to wor%ip 9 a wrong way1 !y 7 v ready to d s 9 a "r1 & lo/ no "t 9 prov+ x1 publicly & be=e all creation4 ,z de ,muis 7#afdd7 says 9 8 ,comm4 9 ,psalmos 7,l\va91 #aggj1 ,,ii4 #gje71 ,ut calamitatibus tanquam igne probatur2 fidelis animus non modo non deficiat s$ etiam animata inanimaque omnia ad ,dei laudes provocet4 ,eag] to hon\r ,god1 !y jo9 9 unres]v$ devotion4 ,_! ,reliance ^u ,god is obvi\sly great4 ,to ,him !y turn 9 _! m>tyrdom ) pray] & praise2 to ,him !y address !mselves ) ! he>t & voice ( sure conviction4 ,he is _! unfail+ res\rce4 ,a ,love ( ,nature1 z creat$ by ! same h& z ourselves1 is v app>5t 9 ?is canticle2 !re is a ?or\gh fell[-feel+ ) natural objects1 z d]iv$ f1 & respond+ to1 ! same ,almighty s\rce4 ,?is love ( nature appe>s 9 ,holy ,scripture mo/ /rongly1 z "h1 9 ! poetical books1 & h>dly any:]e does x take a deep] tone ?an 9 ?is canticle4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,susanna 7 7 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,susanna4 ,,analysis4 77 vv4 #a--d4 ,susanna--h] husb&1 family1 & h\se4 #e1f4 ,two newly-appo9t$ ,eld]s resort ?i!r = (ficial purposes4 #g--ad4 ,h[ !y yield$ to ! 'lu/ ( ! eye1' & laid _! plot4 #ae--ba4 ,h[ !y attempt$ to c>ry x out4 #bb--bf4 ,susanna's soliloquy & cry4 #bg--da4 ,! ,eld]s' false accusation 9 private & 9 public1 result+ 9 h] condemnation to dea?4 #db--dd4 ,h] pray]4 #de--di4 ,! inspiration ( ,daniel to cle> h]4 #ej--ei4 ,he re-op5s ! case1 & proves ! ,eld]s to be false4 #fj--fb4 ,! dea?-p5alty is transf]r$ to !m1 & ,susanna is deliv]$1 #fc1 #fd4 ,^: family ?ank ,god2 :ile ,daniel's reputation is e/abli%$4 ,n4,b4--,x is n cle> :y ! 'head+' or 'cont5ts' 9 ! ,a4,v4 beg9s ) v4 #af4 ,cf4 ! head+ ( ,bel & ! ,dragon = a simil> ignor+ ( ! e>ly v]ses1 z also t ( ,i4 ,macc4 i4 ,,title ,,& ,,position4 ,,title4 ,?is is 9 g5]al simply 1 z 9 ! true ,,lxx4 ,9 ,cod4 ,a 77 x is designat$ at ! end '1 our *ap4 i4 be+ '1 & s on4 ,x is !re=e includ$ 9 ! numb] ( ! visions4#bi also occurs 9 ! title ( ,holmes & ,p>sons' cursive #bce4 ,9 ! ,syriac ( ,h]aclius 7,w ( ,ball1 pp4 #cbc;a1 #ccj;a7 x is entitl$ ,! ,book ( ! *ild ,daniel1 or ,! ,book ( little ,daniel 7,*urton1 #chif74 ,?is la/ title also seems appli$ to ,bel & ! ,dragon 9 a ,ne/orian li/ m5tion$ by ,*urton 7on ! same page71 & 9 ,eb$ ,jesu's li/ ( ,hippolytus' works 7,d4,g4,b4 art4 ,hippolytus1 p4 #ajd;a71 ,:5 appli$ to ,bel & ! ,dragon1 h[ev]1 'little' mu/ ref] to ! size ( ! book1 & n1 z is usually und]/ood :5 x heads ,susanna1 to ,daniel's y\?ful age4 ,to ?is ,b> ,hebru 7#abhf71 9 8 ,s*olia on ,susanna1 expressly attributes x 7ed4 ,a4 ,heppn]1 ,b]l91 #ahhh1 p4 #ah74 ,he also rem>ks t nei!r ,syriac v]sion is equal to ! ,greek4 ,! ,judgm5ts ( ,daniel1 1 is a good title giv5 by ,arnald1 by ,*urton 7p4 #cij71 & by ,we/cott 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 art4 ,additions to ,daniel1 ed4 #a1 #ciff1 ed4 #b1 #gac;b71 none ( :om specify any s\rce or au?ority = x1 ,arnald alone giv+ ! ,greek4 ,x may be trac$ back1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ,sabati] to ,flam9ius ,nobilius1 :o writes1 ,9 multis vetu/is libris inscribitur ,daniel1 9 quibusdam ,susanna1 9 aliquo 1 ,judicium ,daniel 7,app5d1 to ,bp4 ,walton's ,polyglott1 ,lond4 #afeg1 p4 #aia74 ,he gives no in=mation z to :at ?is 'c]ta9' copy at ! end ( 8 desc5d+ climax might be 9 :i* he _h f\nd ?is title2 nor does x q agree ) ! plural =m 9 :i* ,arnald gives x1 presumably ) reg>d to ! d\ble s5t5ce pass$ by ,daniel4 ,holmes & ,p>sons give no su* read+1 & no "o n[ seems able to id5tify ! 'lib]' int5d$ by ,flam9ius4 ,delitzs* 7di ,hab4 ,vita1 etc41 ,lips4 #ahdb1 p4 #ben7 says t ,unus ,cod4 qui ex co5obiis montis ,a?os advectus e/ gives ! title 4 ,z ?is piece describes "o episode only 9 ,susanna's life1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna 9 bo? ,a4,v4 & ,r4,v4 is n a good title4 ',hi/ory' & '/ory1' h[ev]1 7 n s cle>ly diff]5tiat$ 9 ,engli% =m]ly z !y are n[4 ,possibly ?is title 0 tak5 f ,j]ome1 :o speaks ( ,susann hi/oriam twice 9 8 ,preface to ,daniel4 ,x is giv5 also 9 ,syr4 ,w4 ,9 ,article ,,vi41 & 9 ! ,names & ,ord] ( ! ,books 9 ,a4,v41 x takes ! =m1 ,/ory ( ,susanna4 ,! "n is s em95tly fitt$ to ! subject ( ! /ory z to sugge/ its int5tional *oice2 &1 s f>1 w\ld tell 9 fav\r ( ! allegoric1 & aga9/ ! hi/oric1 nature ( ! piece#cj4 ,or ev5 suppos+ ! piece to be hi/oric1 ! "n may h be5 assum$ 9 ord] to avoid id5tification ( ! h]o9e4 ,! ^w occurs 9 its mascul9e =m1 1 9 ,i4 ,*ron4 ii4 #ca1 #cd1 #ce2 & 9 its fem99e =m 9 ,,ii4 ,*ron4 iv4 #e1 ,cant4 ii4 #a1 #b 7"h 9 a phrase mo/ readily l5d+ itself z a motto = ! tale71 & ,hos4 xiv4 #e4 ,! place ,%u%an1 too1 is ?\ght to h be5 nam$ f ! abundance ( lilies :i* grew !re4 ,?is "n1 d]iv$ f ! plant _w1 is p>allel$ by t ( ,habakkuk 9 ! companion /ory ( ,bel & ! ,dragon1 accord+ to ,m>ti on ,hab4 i4 #a 7,h&-,comm5t>1 ,tb+51 #aijd74 ,,position4 ,9 ,cod4 ,*isianus1 & 9 ! ,vulgate1 ,susanna =ms *ap4 xiii4 ( ,daniel4 ,s also 9 ! ,syro-,hexapl> v]sion 7,ball1 p4 #ccj;b74 ,cajetanus ,bugati 7,syriac ,daniel1 ,milan1 #aghh1 p4 #afc71 endeav\rs to expla9 ?is 7aga9/ ,mi*aelis7 by suppos+ ,susanna to h be5 remov$ f its orig9al place at ! beg9n+ ( ! book4 ,9 ,codd4 ,a1 ,b1 ,q1 ,susanna /&s at ! beg9n+1 be=e our *ap4 i4 ( ,daniel4 ,?is is its position also 9 ! ,old ,lat91 & 9 ! ,arabic v]sions 7,ball1 p4 #ccj;b74 ,ro?/e9 9 ,kautzs* 7p4 #agb7 ?9ks t ?is 0 n its orig9al place1 b ! "o 9 :i* ,!odotion fix$ x1 or p]haps t :i* f\nd fav\r :5 ,!odotion's translation 0 sub/itut$ = ,,lxx4 ,& ?is position appe>s to be contemplat$ by ! ,a4,v4 & ,r4,v4 titles1 set ap>t f ! beg9n+ (1 etc4 ,driv]1 h[ev]1 ?9ks 7,comm4 on ,dan41 p4 xviii47 t ! *ap4 xiii4 position 7be=e ,bel & ! ,dragon7 0 p]haps its orig9al place4 ,! fact t x conta9s an anecdote ( ,daniel's y\? might readily h l$ to its subsequ5t transf]5ce to ! beg9n+ ( ! book4 ,/4 ,hippolytus1 a writ] subsequ5t to ,!odotion1 evid5tly reg>ds x z ! comm5cem5t ( ! book 7,s*r]1 ,h4,j4,p4 ii4 iii41 #ahe74 ,flam9ius ,nobilius 9 8 ,notae1 z giv5 9 ! ,app5dix to ,bryan ,walton's ,polyglott1 writes1 ,hc ,susannas hi/oria 9 omnibus vetu/is libris e/ pr9cipium ,danielis1 quemadmodum etiam apud ,s4 ,a?an4 9 ,synopsi4 ,?is ,synopsis is n[ consid]$ to be ( po/-,a?anasian date2 & ! position :i* its writ] gives to ,susanna 9 #da does n look q consi/5t ) t he gives aft]w>ds 9 #gd 7see ',canonicity1' p4 #aeg74 ,al?\gh 9 ! ,vulgate ?is moveable fragm5t =ms ,daniel xiii41 ,j]ome1 not)/&+1 9 8 ,preface names ^! additions 9 ! ord]1 ,susanna1 ,! ,?ree1 ,bel & ! ,dragon2 yet 9 ! imm$iately foll[+ capitula ,danihelis1 x /&s z 9 ! text aft] *ap4 xii4 ,?is cle>ly po9ts to "s unc]ta9ty z to its prop] place4 ,! /atem5ts made by ,e4,l4 ,curtis at ! end ( art4 ,daniel 9 ,ha/+s' ,b4,d41 t ?is & ,bel & ! ,dragon are sep>ate books 9 ! ,,lxx1 h "q m>ks ju/ly affix$ to !m4 ,9 ! ,jacobite ,syriac1 ,susanna is jo9$ ) ,judi?1 ,ru?1 & ,e/h]1 z a ,female ,book 7,urtext und ,ueb]setz4 p4 #bcj74 ,gwynn says 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,!cla1 ,,iv4 #hie;b71 t 9 ,syriac ,o4,t4's ^! are usually plac$ toge!r & class$ z ! f\r books ( ! ',book ( ,wom54' ,yet ano!r position is sugge/$ by ,j4 ,fr/ 7quot$ 9 ,bissell1 p4 #ddd71 :o ?9ks its prop] place is aft] ,dan4 i4 #bj4 ,?is is a v plausible conjecture1 b evid5ce to support x is at pres5t want+4 ,a slight confirmation ( x h[ev] is af=d$ by ! ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+ 7see ',art1' p4 #aga72 & by ! position giv5 by ,sulpicius ,sev]us to 8 epitome ( ! /ory 7see ',*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' p4 #afg74 ,e4 ,philippe 7,vig\r\x1 ,dict4 ,,ii4 #abfg;a7 attempts to acc\nt = its removal f1 or want ( position 91 ! ,massoretic ,daniel1 p>ce qu'elle e/ infamante p\r les juges d',israel1 obvi\sly adopt+ ,orig5's reason 7see ',canonicity1' p4 #aeg7 :i* is n a v satisfactory "o4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! position ( ,susanna 9 ! ,a4,v4 z a deta*$ piece1 along ) ,bel & ! ,dragon1 is z suitable z any :i* h be5 sugge/$4 ,= its orig9al place _c n[1 f ! in=mation 9 our h&s1 be det]m9$ ) absolute c]ta9ty4 ,,date ,,& ,,place ,,( ,,writ+4 ,,date4 ,susanna is deem$ by ,j4,m4 ,full] 7,speak]'s ,comm41 ,introd4 to ,dan41 #bba;a7 to be probably ! olde/ ( ! ?ree additions4 ,?is op9ion is h[ev] by no means univ]sally accept$4 ,if a ,semitic orig9al really exi/$1 x no d\bt prec$$ ! ,greek texts4 ,r4,c4 op9ion 7e4g4 ,d]es]1 quot$ by ,bissell1 p4 #ddd71 z t ( all :o reg>d ! booklet z canonical1 treats x z "p ( ,daniel1 & !re=e :atev] date is assign$ to t book is made to apply to ?is also4 ,pr(essor ,a4,a4 ,bevan 7,comm4 on ,dan41 ,camb4 #ahib1 p4 #de7 ?9ks t ?is piece & ,bel & ! ,dragon appe> to h be5 circulat$ indep5d5tly be=e !y 7 incorporat$ ) ! book ( ,daniel4 ,c4,j4 ,ball ascribes ! orig9 ( ! piece to ! /ruggles betwe5 ! ,ph>isees & ! ,sadducees1 ,b4,c4 #id-hi 7p4 #ccj;a74 ,b to attribute x ?us to ! outcome ( ^! qu>rels1 br+s ! orig9al d[n to a lat] date ?an is at all probable1 9 view ( its incorporation ) ! ,,lxx4#ca ,nor does ! bitt]ness ( ^? disputes seem /amp$ ) suffici5t /r5g? ^u ! docum5t itself to compel u to see 9 !m its p]iod ( orig94 ,j4,t4 ,m>%all 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 ,,iv41 #fca-b7 conjectures t ! latt] "p ( ! /ory arose out ( ,simon b5 ,%eta*'s ef=ts1 ab\t #ajj ,b4,c41 to get ! law z to witnesses 9 crim9al cases alt]$4 ,?is view is p]haps a trifle m probable ?an ,ball's4 ,z to ! true ,,lxx text1 ,bissell 7p4 #ddd7 r incl9es to deem x to h be5 f ! fir/ a "p ( ! ,,lxx4 ,s ,pusey1 quot$ by ,*urton 7p4 #chi71 says t x is admitt$ to h be5 contempor>y ) ! ,,lxx v]sion2 & ,w4 ,selwyn 7,d4,b4 ,,iii41 p4 #abaj;a7 ?9ks t ?is1 ) ! o!r additions1 0 e>ly incorporat$ ) ! ,,lxx4 ,ro?/e9 9 ,kautzs*1 v hesitat+ly & ) mu* caution1 sugge/s 7,i41 p4 #agh7 ! second c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,a4 ,kamphaus5 7,encyclop4 ,bibl4 ,i4 #ajac7 writes1 ,:5 ,daniel fir/ began to be translat$ by ! ,egyptian ,jews into ,greek1 ! leg5ds ( ,susanna & ,bel & ! ,dragon1 :i* may v well h _h an indep5d5t circulation1 _h c]ta9ly n z yet be5 tak5 up into x4444 ,we _c tell at :at date x 0 t ^! apocryphal additions 7:i* are conta9$ 9 all ,,mss4 t h rea*$ u71 7 tak5 up into ! ,greek & ,syriac ,daniel4 ,h[ he kn[s s c]ta9ly t !y 7 n 9 x at ! p]iod nam$1 he does n expla92 & be=e ?is positive /atem5t c be unres]v$ly accept$ /rong pro( is want$4 ,z to ,!odotion's v]sion1 !re is no reason to suppose t ! portion consi/+ ( ,susanna diff]s 9 date f ! re/ ( ! book4 ,x may probably be assign$ to ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury ,a4,d4 ,behrmann1 9 ,n[ack's ,h& ,komm5t>1 p4 xxx4 says1 um #aej4 ,mo/ writ]s on ?is subject1 su* z ,we/cott1 ,/reane1 & ,m>%all1 z well z "s ( ^? previ\sly m5tion$1 m>k$ly avoid any approa* to def9ite dates z to ! orig9al1 or z to ! ,,lxx ,greek4 ,& ju/ly s2 = ! evid5ce 9 our h&s does n1 un=tunately1 admit ( any?+ clos] ?an a p]iod be+ safely fix$4 ,! mat]ials we h are n suffici5tly precise = clos] approximation ) any decree ( security4 ,ro?/e9 7,kautzs*1 ,i41 p4 #agh7 v wisely says1 ,natrli* las/ si* mit irg5d wel*] ,si*]heit b] diese ,frage ni*ts ausma*54 ,) ?is1 until fur!r evid5ce be =?com+1 x is well to agree4 ,,place4 ,( ,orig9al4 ,z to ! place ( orig9 ne>ly e writ] on ,susanna is sil5t except ,s*olz1 :o 7p4 #adg7 fav\rs a non-,alex&rian bir?place1 giv+ a pref]5ce to ! l& ( ! ,captivity4 ,& if we assume1 z he does1 a ,semitic orig9al1 ,babylonia is no d\bt its probable bir?place1 or1 fail+ t1 ,pale/9e4 ,x might appe>1 if ! trees nam$ c\ld be botanically id5tifi$ ) a reasonable degree ( c]ta9ty1 t a valuable sign w\ld ?us be giv5 ( ! place ( orig94 ,b inasmu* z ,joacim's p>k or g>d5 w\ld be a likely place = ! cultivation ( exotics1 p]haps no safe !ory c\ld be built ^u ! id5tification ( ! trees1 unless !y 7 %ewn to be su* z w\ld n live 9 ! climate ( ! c\ntry sugge/$4 ,!re is no trace ( ,alex&rian philosophy or speculation1 nor ( comm]cial int]e/s1 "s ( :i* g5]ally betray !mselves 9 writ+s ( ,alex&rian orig94 ,& ! same may be said ( ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 & ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,b 9 su* %ort pieces x is n wise to build mu* on ! abs5ce ( ^! traces4 ,( ,,lxx ,greek4 ,t ?is 0 made at ,alex&ria admits ( little d\bt4 ,f ! simil>ity ( /yle1 too1 x w\ld appe> t ! translator 7or editor7 0 id5tical ) ! translator ( ! canonical ,daniel4 ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,ro?/e9 79 ,kautzs*1 ,i4 #agh74 ,s*r] 7,h4,j4,p4 ,,ii4 ,,iii471 :o d5ies ! exi/5ce ( a ,semitic orig9al1 classes ?is 7) ! o!r additions7 n 9 8 ',pale/9ian-,jewi%1' b 9 8 ',graeco-,jewi%' section4 ,! m5tion ( ,sidon 9 v4 #ef 7:]e has ,canaan7 may p]haps sugge/ a writ] 9 ! orig9al1 :atev] language he may h us$1 :o 0 connect$ ) ! nor? ( ,pale/9e4 ,b x is q z probable t ! writ] 7or translator7 _h "s idea ( ,g54 x4 #ae 9 8 m9d1 ,canaan begat ,sidon 8 fir/born4 ,aft] him1 accord+ to ,josephus 7,ant4 ,i4 ,,vi4 #b71 ! city 0 nam$3 1 4 ,x is wor? notic+ t 9 ,/4 ,matt4 xi4 #ba our ,"l speaks ( ! city m fav\rably4 ,( ,!odotion's ,greek4 ,( ! 'prov5ance' ( ! ,greek v]sion be>+ ,!odotion's "n v little is kn[n4 ,b ,ephesus may be sugge/$ z n altoge!r improbable ) reg>d to :at little we "k ( ,!odotion's life4 ,if we take ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john1 too1 z hav+ be5 writt5 at ,ephesus1 ?is w accord well ) ! use made ( ,!odotion's v]sion ( ,daniel 9 t book4 ,or if ,!odotion made use1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( "s previ\s v]sion1 z seems c]ta91 ?is fact w\ld n at all militate aga9/ ,/4 ,john at ,ephesus hav+ also made use ( ! same e>li] v]sion4 ,& x is q possible t ?is v]sion may h be5 ( ,alex&rian orig91 al?\gh work$ up by ,!odotion else:]e4 ,:atev] ! place ( orig9 may h be51 x is v rem>kable t a v]sion by "o :o 0 ei!r a ,jew or a h]etic ,*ri/ian %\ld h be5 pref]r$ to ! ,,lxx ( ,daniel & ! ,additions s z practically to sup]s$e x4 ,pr(4 ,j4,j4 ,blunt describes ,!odotion z "o :o attempts to wre/ ! ,hebrew f ! cause ( ! ,gospel 7,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 p4 #abi74 ,?is 0 indicat$ by ,ir5u1 ,,iii4 xxiii4 #a4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! previ\s v]sion us$ by him 0 due to a pre-,*ri/ian ,jew1 ?is may h smoo!d ! way = its acceptance among ,*ri/ians4 ,= ,jews ,b4,c4 & ,jews ,a4,d4 7 reg>d$ by ! ,*ur*1 z 0 natural1 9 v diff]5t lights1 & _! writ+s likewise4 ,,au?or%ip4 ,l "s o!r ( ! apocryphal books1 ?is is a traditional /ory ( great popul>ity4 ,x is n necess>y to suppose t its au?or's "n has be5 lo/ f ! title1 z x may always h be5 anonym\s4 ,! nature ( its cont5ts w\ld n be unlikely to give (f5ce to ! ,sanh$r91 & !re=e a motive = anonymity is n f> to seek4 ,bi%op ,gray 7,introd4 to ,o4,t4 p4 #fac7 seems1 z he (t5 does1 to hit ! m>k1 z ne>ly z we c tell1 :5 he deems x to be by "s ,jew :o inv5t$ ! hi/ory1 or collect$ its p>ticul>s f tradition>y relations 9 praise ( ,daniel4 ,?is obs]vation is little m ?an p>aphras$ by ,j4,h4 ,blunt1 :5 he writes 79 loc47 probably ins]t$ into ,,lxx f "s anci5t ,jewi% au?ority4 ,! v>iations ( text c]ta9ly sugge/ an oral tradition1 p]haps ev5 m /rongly ?an 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,bissell says t ,susanna conta9s no?+ :i* might n h come f ! p5 ( a ,hell5i/ 7p4 #dde72 & ,we/cott sees 9 ?is & o!r additions ! h& ( an ,alex&rian writ] 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 ed4 #b ,i4 #gad;a71 b ?9ks x n unlikely t he work$ up e>li] traditions4 ,c]ta9ly v4 #bb seems to %ew t ! au?or ( ! ,greek ( 0 evid5tly acqua9t$ ) ! ,,lxx ( ,,ii4 ,sam4 xxiv4 #ad4 ,w] die ,susanna 79 ,walton's ,polygl4 #d7 na* ,!odot4 frei b]setzt hat1 says ,ne/le1 wiss5 wir ni*t 7,urtext und b]setz4 #bcf74 ,x is notewor?y t ,josephus %ews no acqua9tance ) ?is or ! o!r additions1 ?\gh he makes "s use ( o!r uncanonical leg5ds ( ,daniel 7,jud4 ,ant4 ,x41 #aj1 #a2 #aa1 #f & #g74 ,s*r] 9 ,hauck's ,encylop4 7,i4 #fci71 ?9ks ,susanna & ,bel & ! ,dragon may well orig9ally h _h indep5d5t exi/5ces4 ,if s1 ?is might help to expla9 ,josephus' disreg>d ( !m4 ,x is a reasonable inf]5ce f v4 #eg1 t ! au?or 0 a ,jew 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 & n f "o ( ! t5 tribes4 ,yet x %\ld n escape notice t 9 v4 #dh ,israel is app>5tly us$ = ! entire p1 includ+ all ! tribes4#cb ,! invidi\s contra/ betwe5 ! ,israeliti% & ,jewi% wom5 is omitt$ 9 :at ,dr4 ,salmon calls1 ! second ,syriac rec5sion ( ,susanna1 t]m$ errone\sly at "o "t ! ,h>kl5sian 7,speak]'s ,comm41 p4 xlvi474 ,! contra/ 9 v4 #ef betwe5 ,israel & ,canaan is made into a /++ reproa*1 b is h>dly to be und]/ood lit]ally z to ! ,eld]'s family desc5t4 ,j4 ,k5n$y 9 ,daniel f a ,*ri/ian /&po9t 7p4 #ee71 says ( ?is & ! o!r ,additions t !re is no means ( det]m9+ :51 :]e1 or by :om writt54 ,he adds 7p4 #ef71 ^? :o conceiv$ & wrote ! additions 7 bo? intellectually & spiritually incapable ( appreciat+ ! book ( ,daniel & its cont5ts1 & he concludes t !y belong to diff]5t ages & to entirely diff]5t conditions ( ?\ght4 ,?is e/imate is a mu* too sev]e "o1 & v diff]5t f ! op9ion =m$ by "s o!r equally qualifi$ judges4 ,! fe> le/ a fav\rable op9ion ( ! quality ( ^! pieces %\ld l5d any c\nt5ance to ! ,trid5t9e decree z to ! ,apocrypha1 or seem to weak5 ! ,prote/ant position ) reg>d to !m1 appe>s to h op]at$1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 9 %ap+ ! views on ?is subject express$ by su* writ]s4 ,probably act+ "u simil> s5tim5ts ,ludovicus ,cappellus1 #afeh 7quot$ by ,ball1 #cbe;a71 calls ! au?or a trifl] 7nugator71 & /yles 8 production fabula ineptissima4 ,j]ome1 9 ! ,prologue to 8 ,comm5t>y on ,daniel1 says t ,eusebius & ,apoll9>ius repli$ to ,porphyry's objection to ^! additions t ,susann ,belisque ac ,draconis fabulas non cont9]i 9 ,hebraico1 s$ p>tem esse prophet ,abacuc filii ,jesu de tribu ,levi2 & app>5tly acquiesces 9 ?is /atem5t4 ,z !re appe>s to be no o!r au?ority = attribut+ ,susanna to ,habakkuk1 x is a "q :e!r ! ,,lxx title to ,bel & ! ,dragon 0 n appli$ to ,susanna also p] incuriam4 ,a4 ,s*olz escapes ! difficulty ( ,habakkuk bo? "h & 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon by reg>d+ x z a m]ely symbolic title1 :i* he r5d]s by ,kmpfe on v sl5d] gr\nds 7,e/h] und ,susanna1 ,wrzburg1 #ahib1 p4 #ach2 & ,judi? und ,bel und d] ,dra*e1 #ahif1 p4 #bjd74 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ! au?or%ip ( ,daniel is ( c\rse sugge/$ by mo/ ( ^? :o def5d ! canonicity ( ! book4 ,orig5 9 8 ,epi/le to ,africanus ma9ta9s ! solid>ity ( ! piece ) ! book ( ,daniel4 ,& x %\ld be rememb]$1 z a po9t ( "s /r5g?1 t ,julius ,africanus' correspond5ce ) ,orig5 at ! beg9n+ ( c5tury ,,iii41 is ! fir/ record we h ( any dispute z to its g5u95ess4 ,pr(essor ,ro?/e91 9 ,kautzs* 7i4 #agb7 gives v decid$ly a contr>y op9ion1 /at+ t ,susanna & ,bel & ! ,dragon1 hab5 mit dem ,danielbu*e nur ins(]n zu ?un1 als 9 ihn5 ,daniel e9e ,rolle spielt4 ,b x is h>d to (f] conclusive pro( t ,susanna & ,bel & ! ,dragon diff] greatly 9 "* f ! indep5d5t hi/orical sc5es ( :i* ! fir/ six *apt]s ( ,daniel consi/2 ea*1 9 ne>ly all respects1 be+ intelligible :5 /&+ alone4 ,x is h>d also to %ew t _! incorporation1 & con/ant acceptance1 ) ! ,,lxx 0 a deplorable mi/ake4 ,& ?is difficulty is enhanc$ :5 we see t1 s f> z is kn[n1 all ! ,greek & ,lat9 speak+ ,*ri/ians be=e ,julius ,africanus1 & mo/ ( !m aft]1 fell unque/ionably into :at1 if ,ro?/e9 & ^? :o ?9k ) him are "r1 mu/ be deem$ a grave error4 ,b ev5 if x c\ld be prov$ t ^! pieces 7 by ! au?or ( ,daniel1 ! rec5t que/ions z to :o t writ] may h be51 /ill fur!r complicate ! at pres5t insoluble problem ( ! au?or%ip ( ,susanna4 ,,= ,,:om ,,& ,,) ,,:at ,,object ,,writt54 ,,= ,,:om4 ,t ?is /ory 0 orig9ally prep>$ = ! use ( ,jews !re c be no d\bt4 ,probably x 0 design$ = read]s & admir]s ( ,daniel1 :o w\ld be glad ( ?is example ( ! prophet's insight4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 = ^? :o lov$ to dwell on ! int]v5tions ( ,god = ,8 p1 & especially on a rec5t manife/ation ( ,8 p>ticul> c>e = oppress$ individuals4 ,possibly also ! case ( ^? may h be5 reg>d$ :o 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! curr5t me?ods ( adm9i/]+ ju/ice & conduct+ trials4 ,j4,w4 ,e!ridge 7,j]usalem & ,tib]ias1 #ahef1 p4 #aji7 deems x to be an example ( ,haggadah 9 common ) its two companion pieces1 hi/ories col\r$ ) fable1 z he /yles !m--a sort ( leg5d>y app5dix to c>ry on ! int]e/ ( read]s ( ! canonical text4 ,b s9ce ! ,*ri/ian era ?is writ+ has be5 employ$ by ,*ri/ians f> m ?an by ,jews4 ,p]haps its ready acceptance by ! =m] may h dim9i%$ ! *ance ( popul>ity among/ ! ,israelites ( lat] times4 ,!y w\ld look ^u x ) m suspicion1 ?\gh x 0 cle>ly connect$ ) ! lit]ature ( _! race4 ,& obvi\sly ?is enl>g$ acceptance among ,*ri/ians 0 beyond ! aim ( ! tale's au?or4 ,,) ,,:at ,,object ,,writt54 ,! hold+ up an example ( purity1 ma9ta9$ "u circum/ances ( great di/ress1 is ! lead+ object :i* ,*ri/ians h se5 9 ?is piece4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t o!r aims z well z ?is ent]$ into ! m9d ( ! writ]4 ,a dissatisfaction ) ! me?od ( conduct+ trials su* z ,susanna's is cle>ly manife/$4 ,a ,ph>isaic1 or at lea/ an anti-,sadducean1 t5d5cy has be5 obs]v$1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! latt] "p ( ! /ory4 ,!n ! utility ( inve/igat+ small p>ticul>s is demon/rat$1 & ! necessity ( a rigor\s puni%m5t ( false witnesses1 po9ts on :i* ! ,ph>isees insi/$1 accord+ to ,ball 7#cbi;b1 #ccj;a71 :o quotes ,simon b5 ,%eta* z say+ f ! ,mi%nah 7,pirke ,avo?1 ,i4 #i7 4 ,bissell 7p4 #ddg7 also ?9ks t to re=m ! me?od ( conduct+ legal processes 0 an object ( ! au?or4 ,& c]ta9ly ! /ory does tea* ! ne$ = a close inve/igation ( te/imony4 ,! au?or %ews up ! unscrupul\sness & inju/ice practis$ ev5 9 ! lead+ circles ( ! ,jewi% community2 & 9 s do+ he manife/s ?r\gh\t a good k ( ! work+s ( ! human he>t4 ,m>%all 79 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b47 assumes t we h "h an e?ical my?us 7#fca;b74#cc ,b to imag9e t ! /ory _h no o!r orig9 ?an ?is is1 to say ! lea/1 unprov$1 &1 z _m ?9k1 unproveable4 ,ano!r object may h be5 to extol ,daniel & 8 judicial acum54 ,!re is a resemblance 9 ?is respect to ! tone ( sev]al *apt]s ( ! ,book ( ,daniel1 e4g41 ii4 & iv4 ,8 p5etration & 8 prophetic gifts z a "y man are set =?4 ,inde$ ! la/ two v]ses ( ! v]sion almo/ make ! praise ( y\?ful piety ! moral ( ! book4 ,b ?is1 edify+ z x may be1 is sc>cely to be tak5 z ! *ief object ( ! composition2 & sub/itutes ano!r conclusion z to ! gratitude ( ,susanna's family & ! gr[? ( ,daniel's reputation4 ,/ill1 ap>t f ! "q ( hi/oric value1 _m wor?y objects may h la9 )9 ! purview ( ! compos]2 & to %ew t righte\s y\?s are bett] ?an unrighte\s eld]s may v well h be5 "o ( ^!4 ,to prove t ev5 m5 ( rip] ye>s are n un]r+ 9 judgm5t may well also1 z ,g4 ,jahn 7quot$ by ,ball 9 ,speak]'s ,comm4 #cbe;a7 po9ts out1 h be5 a subsidi>y aim4 ,! k9d ( judicial acum5 display$ /rikes "o1 too1 z be+ v simil> to t ( ! "y ,solomon 9 8 judgm5t on ! two wom5 7,i4 ,k+s iii472 b ! /ory "h is n an imitation ( t4 ,x is a :olly di/9ct in/ance ( ! same class1 a mo/ popul> "o = n>ration 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,ano!r object 9 writ+ ?is hi/ory 7& c]ta9ly ! mo/ useful object f a ,*ri/ian po9t ( view7 is to give an example ( ! ma9t5ance ( purity & "r1 ev5 at ! risk ( los+ bo? life & reputation4 ,x may be que/ion$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ! idea ( depress+ ! e/imation ( eld]s1 or ( rais+ t ( ,susanna & ( ,daniel1 0 upp]mo/ 9 ! writ]'s m9d4 ,almo/ equal prom95ce is giv5 to ea* ( ^! ideas4 ,! latt]1 p]haps1 w\ld ?r[ ov] ! piece a some:at less attractive "* ?an ! =m]4 ,b !re is t 9 ! ca/ ( ! composition :i* sugge/s t its object may h be5 q z mu* to raise disgu/ at ! eld]s' crime z to raise admiration at ,susanna's purity2 9 fact t ! :it5ess ( h] "* 0 design$ z a foil to make m prom95t ! blackness ( h] oppressors4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,j]4 xxix4 #bc might p]haps be tak5 z a v]se :i* gave 8 cue to ! writ]4 ,b ^! are po9ts on :i* op9ions w inevitably v>y accord+ to ! impression made on diff]5t m9ds by a matt] s ne>ly balanc$4 ,?is1 ! only "o ( our ?ree booklets 9 :i* wom5 appe>1 pres5ts !m 9 a v fav\rable light4 ,beyond ! imputation sugge/$ aga9/ ^? ( ,israel at ! beg9n+ ( v4 #eg1 x conta9s no?+ b :at is cr$itable to ! female sex4 ,! pres5t ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh's poem1 ,! ,voyage to ,babylon1 ?us prettily depicts ,susanna's purity3 4444 g>d5 b$ ( balm1 ,9 "o :]e( old ,*elcias' daught] ,w5t to walk d[n beside ! wat]1 ,! lily bo? 9 he>t & "n1 ,^: :ite leaf ha? no blot ( %ame4 ,abp4 ,,alex&]',s ,poems 7,lond4 #aijj74 ,,integrity ,,& ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,text4 ,9 we appe> to h ! /ory pres5t$ to u )\t mat]ial int]polation2 b !re are omissions ( "s n v important matt]s conta9$ 9 ! ,,lxx text4 ,a4 ,s*olz acc\nts = v>iations by suppos+ *anges 9 ! ,hebrew orig9al betwe5 ! times ( ! two translations4 ,( he says1 i/ ni*ts als ,ueb]setz]2 er setzt de suo ke9 wort bei 7p4 #adb7--;an exagg]at$ /atem5t4 ,! true ,,lxx v]sion 0 long suppos$ to be lo/2 b a cursive ,,ms4 ( x 7#i? or #aj? c5tury7 0 f\nd 9 ,c>d9al ,*igi's libr>y at ,"s1 & 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #aggb4 ,f its own]'s "n x has receiv$ ! title ( ,cod4 ,*isianus1 & is n[ numb]$ #hg4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t mu/ h _h ! text be=e him1 s9ce ! co9cid5ces ( diction1 ?\gh n s cont9u\s z 9 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 are /ill f> too num]\s to be accid5tal4 ,bissell 7p4 #ddc7 says ( all ! ?ree pieces1 simply reca/ ! v]sion ( ,,lxx4 ,?is dictum1 h[ev] true ( ! ,?ree1 mu/ n be q lit]ally tak5 ( ,susanna1 z he does introduce "s fre% matt]1 p>ticul>ly at ! op5+ & ! close4 ,pr(4 ,ro?/e9 9 ,kautzs* 7pp4 #agf-g7 ?9ks t ! two ,greek v]sions are two indep5d5t =ms ( ! same /ory1 bas$ on "s common n>rative mat]ial2 b :5 ! obvi\s idea pres5ts itself t ?is la/ 0 an ,hebraic orig9al1 he speaks ) mu* gu>d$ness 7p4 #agh71 le/ he %\ld commit himself to ?is view4 's rec5sion is r m poli%$ 9 language1 less elaborate 9 "s ( its details4#cd ,fritzs*e1 quot$ 9 ,kautzs* 7pp4 #agf-g71 says t he work$ ov] ! ,,lxx text1 exp&$ ! n>rative1 r\nd$ x (f1 & gave x a great] air ( probability4 ,we/cott's op9ion to a simil> effect1 h[ev] 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 ed4 #b ,i4 #gad;a71 is call$ 9 "q by ,pr(essor ,salmon 7,speak]'s ,comm4 ,,xlvi4a71 :o ?9ks t !re is q z mu* to be said = ! opposite views1 & ?is op9ion is reasonable4 ,9 ! ,,lxx text !re is surely some?+ want+ at ! true beg9n+ at v4 #e1 :i*1 z x /&s1 is awkw>dly abrupt4 ,bo? ,bissell 7& ,brll1 quot$ by him1 p4 #deg7 approve ( ! idea t ! beg9n+ 0 suppress$ because ( its conta9+ damag+ reflections on ! eld]s4 ,!n ! pres5t op5+ 7vv4 #a--e7 0 borr[$ f 1 & is m>k$ 9 bo? ,cod4 ,*is4 & ,syro-,hex4 z n "p ( ! orig9al "w1 b a =eign exordium4 ,ro?/e9 7p4 #ahd1 note7 ?9ks t 9 place ( ! pres5t borr[$ comm5cem5t !re /ood a %ort introductory rem>k on ! two judg+ eld]s4 ,?\gh lack+ pro(1 ?is conjecture is well )9 ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,yet 9 ! ,syro-,hexapl> text ! fir/ five v]ses are obelis$1 indicat+1 accord+ to ,bugati 7p4 #afc71 t !y are omitt$ 9 1 b pres5t 9 4 ,!re are 9 ! ,,lxx extra clauses1 :i* are n 9 1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! book2 ?ree v]ses betwe5 #ad & #ae1 "o at ! end1 & consid]able enl>gem5ts ( vv4 #de1 #eb2 also curi\s sub/itutions1 su* z t 9 v4 #ci1 :]e 9 ! ,,lxx ! imag9>y "y man escap$ because he 0 disguis$2 9 ,!odotion1 because he 0 /rong] ?an ! ,eld]s4 ,^! alt]native reasons are ( c\rse n ( necessity incompatible4 ,! ,syriac ,w 7,h>kl5sian7 conta9s _m fur!r p>ticul>s ins]t$ "h & !re1 su* z ! ,eld]s' names 7,amid & ,abid7#ce1 v4 #e1 ,daniel's age ( twelve ye>s1 & "s words 9 praise ( him1 v4 #fd4 ,b mo/ ( ^! add$ clauses may n unfairly be reg>d$ z 'padd+s1' put 9 by way ( embelli%m5t4 ,^? 9 v4 #da 7n9? h\r71 v4 #de 7twelve ye>s ( age71 v4 #fd 7increase 9 fav\r7 h a ,*ri/ian look1 ! la/ two be+ sugge/ive ( a k ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel 7cf4 ',/yle1' p4 #adj74 ,also ! cont9uation ( v4 #dc 9 ,lag>de's second ,syriac v]sion has r a ,*ri/ian air1 appe> = me & s5d a ,r$eem] f be=e !e1 etc4 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,sus4 p4 #fca;b74 ,an attempt has be5 made to acc\nt = ! num]\s1 b n g5]ally v important1 v>iations 9 diff]5t texts & v]sions by suppos+ ! /ory to h be5 a fav\rite oral n>rative1 long cont9u+ 9 a fluid /ate4 ,?is is f> f improbable4 ,! ,vulgate1 :i* foll[s closely1 app5ds ! fir/ v]se ( ,bel & ! ,dragon z ! conclusion ( ?is /ory4 ,if ?is 0 done 9 ord] to avoid *ronological difficulty !re1 x 0 at ! exp5se ( introduc+ x "h1 & t1 to all appe>ance1 v mean+lessly4 ,! *ief uncial ,,ms4 au?orities = 's text are ,a1,b1,q1 & f v4 #ea onw>d1 4 ,a (t5 agrees ) ,q1 z 9 vv4 #ai1 #bd1 & else:]e1 9 sub/itut+ 7's ^w7 = 2 9 vv4 #aj1 #aa1 etc41 9 sub/itut+ = 2 & 9 v4 #df1 = 4 ,9 ! canonical "p ( ,daniel ! sub/itution ( = mo/ly holds good also s f> z ,a is conc]n$ 7ii4 #i1 #af74cf ,9 v4 #cf1 ,a has a transposition ( a clause1 & 9 v4 #ci ano!r ( its *anges ( prepositions 9 composition1 n easily acc\nt$ =4 ,q 7alone7 has su* *anges 9 vv4 #d1 #cb1 #ch4 ,! above are all *anges f ,b4 (t5 agrees ) ,a & ,q1 or bo?1 b has no?+ ( importance indep5d5tly4 ,! g5itive 7in/ead ( 7 occurs occasionally 9 all ! above ,,mss4 7vv4 #bg1 #bh1 #fb2 also 9 ,,lxx1 v4 #cj74 cf4 9 ,/4 ,john xi4 ,i4 ,two cursive ,,mss4 7#bcd ,mosc[1 ,s4 ,synod2 #bce ,rome1 ,vat47 consi/ ( ,susanna only2 b :e!r !y are p]fect1 or only fragm5ts1 is n cle>4 ,holmes & ,p>sons give no p>ticul>s4 ,on ! :ole1 ! text ( ei!r v]sion is fairly tru/wor?y1 ! av]age ( v>iations be+ n at all above t 9 ! canonical ,daniel4 ,,language ,,& ,,/yle4 ,,language4 ,z ) ! ,?ree1 s "h1 ! "q at once arises1 ,is ! ,greek ( ! ,,lxx m probably ! orig9al language or a translation8 ,! acceptance ( a ,semitic orig9al seems on ! :ole to be m 9 ! asc5dant ?an =m]ly2 b /ill1 ! great] "p ( ^? :o h express$ an op9ion on ! subject incl9e to ,greek z ! language *os5 by ! au?or4 ,! ,hebraic /yle is some:at less /rongly m>k$ ?an 9 ! o!r two fragm5ts1 nor has an ,aramaic text ( ?is "o yet be5 discov]$4 ,/ill1 ! ,greek c be r5d]$ into ,hebrew r m easily ?an mo/ ,hell5i/ic ,greek4 ,! ,greek ( ! re/ ( ,e/h] diff]s mu* m 9 /yle & tone f t ( ! canonical book to :i* x is atta*$ ?an does ! ,greek ( ,susanna f t ( ! canonical ,daniel2 &1 s f> z ?is fact goes1 x po9ts to a clos] l+ui/ic connection 9 ?is case ?an 9 ! o!r 7see ,/reane1 ,age ( ,macc4 p4 #afj2 ,bissell1 p4 #bjc74 ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 pp4 #ca1 #aja7 says t p>ticul qudam citantur a ,na*manide 7entitl$ 7 z well z ( ,wisdom4 ,! citations ( ! latt] book are discr$it$ by ,f>r> 7,speak]'s ,comm4 p4 #daa7 h[ev]1 & probably ^? ( ! =m] are 9 a simil> position4 ,! e>ly place ( v]bs 9 ! s5t5ces is "h also1 z 9 ! o!r pieces1 to "s ext5t noticeable z con=m+ to ! !ory ( a ,semitic orig9al4 ,if ! etymology ( ! "n is suppos$ to be drawn f 8 'judgm5ts' 9 ?is /ory1 su* an orig9al is probably involv$ 9 ! supposition 7cf4 ',title1' p4 #ajd74 ,! ,hexapl>ic m>ks m5tion$ by ,bugati 7op4 cit4 #aef71 z occurr+ at ! beg9n+ ( ,cod4 ,*isianus 71 1 71 are /rongly sugge/ive ( translation 7cf4 ,song1 ',language1' p4 #di74 ,! controv]sy :i* 0 />t$ by ,africanus ) ,orig5 7& resum$ by ,porphyry#cg ) ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea1 & by ,ruf9us ) ,j]ome7 z to ! fam\s play ^u ! names ( ! trees 7vv4 #ed--fj7 is /ill unsettl$4 ,"s see 9 ! p>onomasi conclusive pro( ( ! orig9ality ( ! ,greek2 o!rs /ill cont5d ) ,orig5 t !y are no c]ta9 evid5ce z to det]m9ation ( language4 ,b few w ?9k ! analog\s case :i* he 7,orig57 gives f ,g54 ii4 #bc a v conv9c+ "o 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,heb4 ,le>n+1 p4 #heh;b74 ,/ill we mu/ rememb] t ! ,hebrew language 0 fond ( p>onomasi1 & t ,daniel employs ! figure 9 ! canonical book 7v4 #be--bh74 ,9 o!r ,o4,t4 in/ances ( its use x is1 h[ev]1 difficult to to see t ! ,,lxx made any attempt to reproduce ! ^w-play1 e4g4 ,isai4 v4 #g1 ,mic4 i4 #aj2 nor does ei!r ,greek v]sion 9 ,dan4 v4 #be--bh4ch ,b & 9 ,i4 ,esd4 iv4 #fb looks l a ^w-play 9 :at may n be orig9al ,greek2 ?\gh a ,semitic orig9al ( t section ( ,i4 ,esd4 7iii4 #a to v4 #f7 is by no means prov$4 ,x has be5 %ewn1 h[ev]1 9 ! case be=e u1 h[ an adequate play might be produc$ 9 ,aramaic1 z also 9 ,engli% 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,sus474 ,a4 ,s*olz1 too1 9 8 ,comm5t>y attempts ?is1 ) only mod]ate success1 9 ,hebrew#ci2 & ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 #ajb7 gives "s ,aramaic possibilities ( x f ,plessn]4 ,z ! precise puni%m5ts nam$ 7 n c>ri$ out1 ?is passage 9 ! orig9al1 :atev] x may h be51 0 cle>ly con/ruct$ ) a view to introduce _! names4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e & contra/ ! acc\nt ( ! ,woman tak5 9 ,adult]y 7,/4 ,john viii47 ) t ( ,susanna1 ! "o truly1 ! o!r falsely1 accus$4 ,!re are1 z might be expect$1 "s v]bal p>allels1 b n suffici5t to prove t ! ,n4,t4 writ] 0 influ5c$ by ! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna1 nor to give u mat]ial assi/ance 9 decid+ its orig9al language 7cf4 ,,iii4 ',language1' p4 #di74 ,not)/&+ ! g5]al incl9ation t[>ds ,greek1 ?is mu/ at pres5t be left 9 d\bt1 & a v]dict ( 'non liquet' giv54 ,9 ! foll[+ obs]vations on specific po9ts 9 ! language1 in/ances tell+ 9 bo? directions h be5 includ$3 v4 #c 1 4 ,! use ( aft] 1 in/ead ( a d\ble accusative1 sugge/s a translation ( foll[$ by a or 1 ) ei!r ( :i* x is sometimes con/ruct$4 v4 #e 1 4 ,if ,aramaic be ! orig9al language1 may well repres5t 1 z 9 ,,iv4 #ad1 ,v4 #bc & else:]e4 v4 #f 1 4 ,s*olz deems & to be bas$ on a confusion betwe5 & 4 vv4 #g1 #ae1 #ai1 #bh 4 is sugge/ive ( 4 vv4 #h1 #ad1 #ef 1 4 ,! use ( 9 a bad s5se1 & ( 9 a p]fectly innoc5t "o 9 v4 #ae 1 seems c>eless1 & may po9t to translation f an orig9al1 :]e diff]5t roots 7 us$1 e4g4 114 ,cf4 ,,lxx ( ,deut4 v4 #ba 7#ah7 = a r5d]+ ( two diff]5t ,hebrew roots by ! same ^w1 1 ?\gh 9 t case !y are bo? employ$ 9 a bad s5se4 v4 #ae 4 looks l 1 z 9 ,g54 xxxi4 #e & ,,ii4 ,k+s xiii4 #e4 ,wrtli* hebris*1 z ,reuss notes 9 loc4 ,if ,aramaic 7 ! orig9al1 x might be 4 v4 #ag 4 1 exprim]e voluit ,heb4 1 b 7,e/h4 ii4 #c1 #i1 #ab7 seems q z likely z ?is sugge/ion ( ,grotius4 ,bo? roots are ,aramaic z well z ,hebrew4 vv4 #aa1 #cj1 #ci1 #fc 4 ,an in/ance simil> to t giv5 above 7vv4 #h1 #ad1 #ef7 is ! use ( 9 a bad s5se 9 vv4 #aa1 #ci1 & innoc5tly 9 vv4 #cj1 #fc4 v4 #ai 4 ei!r 9 ,aramaic or ,hebrew1 z 9 ii4 #i1 :ile 1 z 9 ,e/h4 vii4 #h4 v4 #bb 4 occurs also 9 ,david's *oice1 ,,ii4 ,sam4 xxiv4 #ad 7clos] ?an ,i4 ,*ron4 xxi4 #ac74 ,! c]ta9ty ( its be+ a translation 9 ! "o place increases ! probability ( its be+ s 9 ! o!r1 sugge/+ a common orig9al1 unless we suppose a ,greek au?or borr[+ a ,septuag9tal phrase4 v4 #bc 1 4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p>ticipial clause 9 ?is v]se 9 bo? v]sions seems un-,hebraic 9 =m2 z also ! phrase 9 v4 #db 1 :i* is n v l a translation f ! ,hebrew4 ,!re is a c]ta9 resemblance to ,dan4 ii4 #bh1 #bi 71 71 1 h[ev]2 b ! latt] contemplates ,god z reveal+ my/]ies to o!rs1 ! =m] z kn[+ secrets ,himself4 v4 #bf 4 ,s*olz' idea t 7z 9 ,lev4 xxvi4 #ba1 etc47 w\ld suit ei!r ,aramaic or ,hebrew4 v4 #bg 4 ,adduc$ z ,hebraism 9 ,w9]'s ,g4,t4 ,gramm> 7,e4,t4 #ahgj1 p4 #bad72 app>5tly1 b n v cle>ly1 on ! /r5g? ( ! phrase 4 v4 #cf 4 ,! g5itive absolute is ,greek 9 "*1 b does n occur 9 4 v4 #dd 4 444 4 ,a ,hebraism1 z 9 ,g54 xxi4 #ag1 & (t54 v4 #ec 1 4 ,! quotation is exact 9 bo? v]sions f ! ,,lxx ( ,lev4 xxiii4 #g4 ,?is fact may be ?\ght to tell slightly 9 fav\r ( a ,greek orig9al4 ,9 ! canonical ,dan4 ix4 #ac !re is a ref]5ce1 )\t precise quotation1 to ,moses' law1 s t ?is m5tion is n out ( "*4 ,! phraseology ( ! v]se 9 has a di/9ctly ,hebrai/ic look1 mu* m s ?an 9 4 v4 #ee 1 4 1 ,isai4 xliii4 #d4 v4 #ef 4 ,! epi!t 1 z appli$ to ! ( ! ,eld]1 is inappropriate1 & sugge/s an error ( translation4 ,n[ is r5d]$ by 9 ,jo%4 xxii4 #aidj1 & ?is ^w w\ld yield a v good s5se 9 a ,semitic orig9al "h1 suppos$ to lie 9 ! backgr\nd4 v4 #eg 1 4 ,if an animus aga9/ ,israel1 z ,judah's inf]ior1 is really %ewn "h x w\ld po9t to a ,babylonian1 & !re=e ,semitic1 orig9al1 inasmu* z ! enmity betwe5 ,israel & ,judah does n appe> to h be5 s /rong at ,alex&ria4 ,! use ( ',israel1' h[ev]1 9 v4 #dh seems to include all 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & to be employ$ ( ,susanna specially 9 ! second1 :o 0 presumably ( ,judah4 ,! ,syro-,hexapl> omits :at 0 mo/ likely deem$ an invidi\s reflection4 ,! ref]5ce to ,hos4 iv4 #ae 9 ! ,speak]'s ,comm4 7note7 does n seem apposite z to its m5tion ( ,israel & ,judah 9 ! ,,lxx2 only 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,! phrase comes 9 /rangely1 z 1 by omitt+ x1 app>5tly ?\ght4 ,x is sugge/ive ( a translation1 p]haps ( 1 :i* seems to be us$ ( moral disease 9 ,hos4 v4 #ac1 & is !re r5d]$ by 4 v4 #ei 1 4 ,:y 8 ,9 ,,lxx x comes 9 v awkw>dly1 :]e w\ld naturally be expect$4 ,s*olz1 n improbably1 sugge/s t 77 & 77 h be5 caus$ by read+ & respectively1 r5d]+s :i* are actually f\nd ( ^? words else:]e 9 ! ,,lxx1 e4g4 ,isai4 v4 #b & ,dan4 ii4 #ca4 ,t confusion sometimes occurr$ betwe5 & ! f9al is kn[n4 v4 #fa 4 1 ?\gh ref]r+ to ,susanna1 may be a translation ( 1 a ^w app>5tly reg>d$ by ,ges5ius z epic5e2 s 9 ,g54 xxiii4 #c1 #d1 #h is ! r5d]+ ( 1 mean+ ,s>ah's corpse1 s9e sexus discrim9e 7,ges474 ,b may be us$ "h ( 'neighb\r' collectively )\t exclusive ref]5ce to ,susanna4 v4 #fb 4 1 a frequ5t translation ( or 4 ,z x does n appe> t !re are any natural rav9es 9 ,babylon1 ?is might ref] to a deep moat outside ! wall4 v4 #fd 7#fb7 4 ,s*olz says1 i/ sclavis*e ,ueb]setzung von das d] ,h]vorhebung des ,objektes di55 soll4 ,?is is probable1 ?\gh 'sclavis*e' seems an unnecess>y epi!t4 ,,/yle4 ,! /yle is t ( a cle>ly-told n>rative1 ) little ( a /ra9$ or rhetorical "* ab\t x2 inde$ !re is less ( ?is ?an 9 mu* ( ! canonical ,daniel4 ,ideas are well express$ & ! /ory well proportion$4 ,!re is no?+ sup]flu\s2 ev]y?+ be>s on ! ma9 !me4 ,nor is x unnatural t ,daniel is made to use a play on words out ( ! ,eld]s' own m\?s 9 ord] to r5d] 8 s5t5ce ( condemnation m /rik+ly emphatic4 ,!re is high lit]>y skill 9 ! simple yet effective way ( n>ration4 ,! /ory is a practical example ( ! say+1 ,ars e/ cel>e artem1 a fact :i* w be be/ appreciat$ by any :o w try to tell ! tale z well 9 _! own words4#da ,holtzmann calls x1 besond]s von d] ,kun/ vielfa* gefei]te ,novelle 7,s*5kel's ,bibel ,lex4 #ahge74 ,! lack ( spontaneity & orig9al fre%ness sometimes *>g$,a aga9/ ! apocryphal books is by no means conspicu\s "h1 nor1 ?\gh p]haps less decisively1 9 ! next addition1 ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,! excit+ int]view betwe5 ,daniel & ! ,eld]s is s drawn z to ar\se mu* int]e/4 ,by ! fir/ incid5t ! :ole curr5t ( ,susanna's life is abruptly *ang$1 & h] de/9y is made to hang 9 ! balance = "s "t 9 a natural1 b v effective1 mann]4 ,! writ] has a deep k ( ! pr9ciples & actions ( human feel+1 & a ?or\gh grasp ( ! art1 by no means s easy z x looks1 ( tell+ a %ort /ory 9 a v engag+ /yle4 ,plot1 surprise1 /ruggle1 unfold+ ( "*1 & mu* else :i* is reg>d$ z contribut+ to excell5ce 9 su* a composition1 we f9d "h4 ,9 ! s-call$ ,h>kl5sian 7,w ( ,salmon ,*urton's ,syr4#db7 v>i\s details are add$1 su* z ! judgm5t *air br\ght out1 :i* ,daniel refuses1 /&+ up to judge2 ,susanna's *a9s 7#bg1 #ej72 h] te>s 7#cc1 #db72 & h] condemnation to dea? at ! n9? h\r 7#da74 ,^! are obvi\sly design$ to height51 by ! introduction ( m detail$ p>ticul>s1 ! effect ( ! n>rative4 ,! tale is s int]e/+ & s true to nature t its popul>ity is easily expla9$4 ,t x became a fav\rite /ory1 9 an age n giv5 to prud]y1 = read+ & = oral repetition1 is n surpris+4 ,l all su*1 x 0 subject to *anges ( =m & gradual accretions4 ,oral repetition1 z well z non-canonicity among/ ! ,jews w1 to a consid]able ext5t1 acc\nt = ! div]g5ces betwe5 ! ,,lxx & ,!odotion's rec5sions4 ,! latt]1 9 ,reuss' op9ion 7,,vi4 #dab71 i/ rei*] an ,e9zelnheit5 und au* bess] /ilisi]t4 ,) ?is view1 9 ! ma91 mo/ w feel !mselves 9 accord4 ,,religi\s ,,& ,,social ,,/ate4 ,,religi\s4 ,an unexceptionable ,o4,t4 moral /&>d on ! "p ( ! writ] is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t1 s t no 'difficulties' arise on ?is score4 ,!re is n a sugge/ion ( any wor%ip beside t ( ! ,"l2 no idolatry is ev5 h9t$ at4 ,! ,captivity _h done its "w 9 t respect4 ,nor is !re any symptom ( ! lat] developm5ts ( rabb9ism2 n ev5 9 _! inception4#dc ,x requires a v %>p eye to f9d "h s mu* z ! g]ms ( error 9 fai?4 ,! ,law ( ,moses is act$ ^u2 taught by p>5ts to *ildr5 7v4 #c72 reg>d$ z ! great au?ority 7v4 #fb74 ,! in/itution ( ,eld]s is 9 full =ce1 z contemplat$ 9 ,j]4 xix4 #a & xxvi4 #ag4 ,i4 ,k+s xx4 #g & xxi4 #h1 #aa %ew t ?is body _h be5 cont9u$ among ! sep>at$ tribes1 & s naturally c>ri$ ) !m to _! new home4 ,! appe>ance ( corruption among (ficials 9 high places1 :o ought to h be5 mo/ free f x1 is q 9 accord ) ! religi\s hi/ory ( mank9d 9 g5]al1 & ( ,israel 9 p>ticul>4 ,su* ref]5ces z ! above to ,j]emiah1 & t 9 v4 #e to ,j]4 xxix4 #bc1 are p>allel$ by a ref]5ce 9 ! canonical ,dan4 ix4 #b to ,j]4 xxxv4 #ab4 ,:5 ,daniel's plan 0 efficaci\s = reveal+ ! ,eld]s' guilt1 ! j decision 0 approv$2 ! "r is ?or\ghly comm5d$ & ! wrong condemn$4 ,! he>t ( ! p r+s s\nd2 _! in/9cts at ! trials are 9 fav\r ( ju/ice4 ,morality is support$ by popul> sympa?y1 :i* has be5 purifi$ & elevat$ by ! discipl9e ( exile4 ,9 v4 #eg "s prejudice is sugge/$ z exi/+ 9 ! writ]'s m9d aga9/ ! wom5 ( ,israel z be+ less *a/e ?an ^? ( ,judah4 ,possibly he 0 ( ! latt] tribe himself 7see ',language' on v4 #eg1 p4 #acg74 ,! reproa* to ! second ,eld] ( ,canaaniti% desc5t is 9 keep+ ) ,ezek4 xvi4 #c1 :]e x is hurl$ aga9/ ,j]usalem & h] abom9ations4 ,x is object$ 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 7,,iv4 #fca;b7 t ,daniel l\dly condemns bo? culprits be=e he adduces any pro( ( _! guilt4 ,b surely ?is 0 ju/ifi$ by ! prophetic (fice & ! _s )9 him1 :i* end[$ him ) an abnormal insight into ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,p]sonally he 0 assur$1 f ! outset1 ( _! guilt1 b secur$ public pro( to satisfy ! p4 ,?is objection is r poor gr\nd on :i* to assail ! hi/oric "* ( ! piece4 ,9 f9e1 a religi\s tone1 befitt+ ! "t int5d$1 is consi/5tly ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,,social4 ,incid5tally a pleas+ picture ( home life is outl9$1 be=e ! ,eld]s tri$ to corrupt x4 ,"s ( ! ,jews 7 app>5tly liv+ 9 weal? & com=t dur+ ! ,captivity2 b ! end ( v4 #d %ews t ,joacim's e/ate 0 pre-em95t1 n a sample ( ! g5]al condition ( ! exiles4 ,if n royal 7z ,jul4 ,afric4 9 8 lett] to ,orig5 h9ts1 & ,orig5 d\bts 9 8 reply1 #ad71 x 0 evid5tly ( an upp] class2 & a k9d ( tribunal 0 held at 8 h\se4 ,! /ate ( life "h depict$ agrees ) ,j]emiah's advice 9 xxix4 #e2 & ) ,,ii4 ,esd4 iii4 #b1 if t too c\ld be appli$ to ! captives4 ,! ,k+ ( ,babylon 0 cont5t ) ! subjugation & deportation ( ! ,jews1 all[+ !m consid]able lib]ty :5 he got !m into ,babylonia4 ,9 ?is connection ,ps4 cv4 #df naturally occurs to ! m9d4 ,! captives evid5tly _h alleviations grant$ !m 9 ,babylon by _! conqu]ors1 witness ,evil-,m]oda*'s k9dness to ,jehoia*91 ,,ii4 ,k+s xxv4 #bh4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no indication ev5 ( ! beg9n+s ( t trade & comm]ce :i* 0 s *>act]i/ic ( mu* ( ! disp]sion 9 lat] ye>s4 ,great fre$om to regulate _! own affairs is %ewn1 includ+1 to all appe>ance1 ! p[] ( inflict+ ! dea?-p5alty1 v4 #fb4 ,?is la/ p[] has be5 object$ to z unhi/oric4 ,b ,j4,j4 ,blunt#dd illu/rates ! possibility ( ?is1 by cit+ ,orig5's lett] to ,africanus to %ew t ! ,jews "u ! ,romans enjoy$ a simil> p[] 9 8 day4 ,orig5 def5ds ! correctness ( v4 #fb by adduc+ ?is z a simil> in/ance 9 8 own k4 ,blunt treats ! matt] z a k9d ( undesign$ co9cid5ce1 r5d]+ cr$ible ! dea? p5alties spok5 ( 9 ,acts ix4 #a1 xxii4 #d1 xxiv4 #f4de ,s ,ed]%eim 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,philo1 p4 #cfe;b71 ,! rule ( ! ,jewi% community 9 ,alex&ria _h be5 committ$ by ,augu/us to a c\ncil ( ,eld]s4 ,?is is also /at$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopdia 7,new ,york & ,lond41 ,alex&ria ,i41 #cfb;a73 ,philo di/9ctly /ates t at ! "t ( ,augu/us ! 'g]usia' assum$ ! position ( ! 'g5>*4' ,?is is ! ^w he uses = 'e?n>*1' ,contra ,flaccum1 #aj4 ,orig5 to ,africanus1 #ad1 writes ( ?is privilege z hav+ be5 grant$ by ',cs>' )\t specify+ :i* ,cs>1 & ?\gh he does n "n ,alex&ria1 8 words probably imply t place4 ,^! ref]5ces d n ( c\rse prove t ! ,jews 9 ,babylonia _h ! l privileges1 b !y %ew1 z ,orig5 saw1 a p>allel case4 ,p]haps ^? :o are 9 fav\r ( ! ,alex&rian orig9 ( ,susanna might use ?is to %ew t ! writ] _h transf]r$ to ,babylonia ! circum/ances ( 8 own day2 b 8 own day w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly be be=e ! "t ( ,augu/us4 ,!re is no m5tion ( any gov]nm5t except ! ,jews' int]nal adm9i/ration2 b !n ! native population ( ,babylon 7unless p]*ance x be 9 ! %ape ( ! s]vants7 does n ent] into ! /ory4 ,! legal work+ at ,babylon ( ?is little imp]ium 9 imp]io _h pla9ly an unsatisfactory side1 al?\gh ,susanna's rights 7 v9dicat$ by ano!r p[] aga9/ inju/ice & oppression4 ,/ill1 x may n be fair to condemn ! :ole sy/em on ! /r5g? ( ?is s+le in/ance4 ,! ma9 drift ( ! tale indicates ! exi/5ce ( mu* corruption#df 9 ! presbyt]y2 yet ! he>t ( ! exil$ p 9 g5]al _h a heal?y tone2 witness ! sorr[ful sympa?y ) ,susanna 7v4 #cc71 & ! delight at ju/ice be+ ultimately done 7vv4 #fj1 #fc74 ,! ,eld]s grossly abus$ ,joacim's hospitality4 ,seem+ly !y _h pl5ty ( "t to wa/e1 & worse4 ,x is notewor?y t two 'judges' 7 *os51 annually1 x w\ld seem1 f ! 'eld]s ( ! p4' ,?is la/ phrase occurs 9 ,numb4 xi4 #af1 & is frequ5t 9 ! ,n4,t41 b n ) z "h4 ,! mode/ veil+ ( ,susanna 9 v4 #cb1 m di/9ctly express$ 7 7 9 ?an 9 1 rem9ds "o ( ,rebekah's veil+ 9 ,g54 xxiv4 #fe1 & is q 9 accordance ) ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry4 ,s are ! oil & wa%+ balls ( v4 #ag 7,a4,v4 & ,r4,v472 ?is la/ t]m is peculi>1 & is us$ app>5tly = soap4#dg ,x is s employ$ 9 ,g]>d's ,h]bal1 ed4 #afcc1 p4 #aebf1 :]e he says1 ( ?is gum /orax !re are made sundry excell5t p]fumes444 & sweet wa%+ balls4 ,! 'saw+' or 'cutt+ asund]' ( v4 #ce 0 a ,babylonian puni%m5t1 z is %ewn 9 ii4 #e & iii4 #bi ( ! canonical book4 ,! dea? p5alty = adult]y 7vv4 #dc1 #de7 is 9 agreem5t ) ,lev4 xx4 #aj1 ,deut4 xxii4 #bb1 & ,ezek4 xvi4 #ch1 ?\gh n ) ! laxity ( lat] times 7see art4 ,adult]y1 ,smi?'s ,d4,b42 ,m>riage1 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b474 ,! ,syriac ,w int]polation aft] v4 #da seems to reg>d precipitation z equival5t to /on+4 ,9 ! ( v4 #fb bo? ?is puni%m5t & t ( fire are met$ out to ! ,eld]s z retributive ju/ice4 ,reuss' note on ! trial is amus+1 die ,ri*t] si* als ,dummkpfe erwiss5 und ,susanna voll/ndig d5 ihrig5 v]lor5 hatte4 ,b we are dispos$ on ! :ole to agree ) ,j4,m4 ,full] 7,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm41 ,introd4 to ,sus47 :5 he writes1 ,! facts und]ly+ ! /ory are 9 !mselves probable1 r m ?an ) ,*urton 7p4 #cib71 :o deems ! n>rative to be probably apocryphal1 )\t /rict reg>d to hi/orical facts4 ,,!ology4 ,?is ',hi/ory' does n appe> to h be5 writt5 ) a view ( support+ any errone\s or debateable po9ts 9 !ology4 ,god is repres5t$ z be+ 9 heav51 z ,"o on :om ! he>t relies 7v4 #ce72 z et]nal1 a kn[] ( secrets1 ( entire =ekn[l$ge 7v4 #db72 ,"o to be appeal$ to by ,8 s]vants 9 dang] 7v4 #dc71 efficaci\sly answ]+ humble reque/s4 ,! value ( ejaculatory pray] to ,him 9 sudd5 p]il is %ewn 7v4 #dd74 ,god _h n s entirely ca/ (f ,8 p z to cease f c>+ = sep>ate s\ls4 ,he he>s ! pray]s ( individuals 7v4 #ce1 end1 71 = ! individual1 z well z ! nation1 is "u ,8 eye4 ,he is spok5 ( z rais+ up ! holy _s ( a man 7v4 #de72 z conf]r+ ! eld]%ip1 reg>d$ z a div9e in/itution 7v4 #ej72 z =bidd+ inju/ice 7v4 #ec72 z giv+ s5t5ce to an angel to execute ^u an individual 7v4 #ee72 z wor?y to be prais$ = sav+ ^? :o hope 9 ,him 7v4 #fa74 ,a special ,provid5ce is recognis$ z wat*+ ov] ! de/9ies ( sep>ate s\ls2 inspir+ ,daniel = a special ef=t2 rescu+ ,susanna f a special dang]4 ,heav5 is reg>d$ z ! seat ( ! ,div9e ,judge1 t[>ds :i* ! innoc5t ,susanna turn$ h] eyes 7v4 #ce71 b f :i* ! guilty ,eld]s av]t$ !irs 7v4 #i74 ,9 v4 #e ,god is t]m$ 7cf4 ,/4 ,luke ii4 #bi1 ,acts iv4 #bd72 9 vv4 #bd1 #dd1 9 vv4 #ee1 #ei 77 1 = :i* has 1 a ^w :i* x seems to pref]1 z 9 i4 #ag1 ii4 #de1 ix4 #ah4 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is evid5tly approv$ 7v4 #b71 & in/ruction 9 ! ,law ( ,moses reg>d$ z prop] 7v4 #c71 :i* is also ref]r$ to 9 vv4 #cc & #fb 7 only71 & 9 act 9 v4 #cd4 ,x w\ld appe> likely too t ,,ii4 ,sam4 xxiv4 #ad is quot$ 9 v4 #bb 771 ,susanna 9 h] /rait borr[+ ! exclamation ( ,david 9 81 & ! words ( bo? may well be contra/$ ) ! idea ( ,hos4 iv4 #af;b4 ,adult]y is condemn$ z s9 be=e ! ,"l 7v4 #bc74 ,an angel is spok5 ( 9 vv4 #dd1 #de 7 only7 z giv+ a _s ( und]/&+ to ,daniel4 ,! =m] v]se might be tak5 to mean t he 0 visible4#dh ,he enabl$ ,daniel to cle> ,susanna f h] false accusation4 ,an angel is also nam$ 9 v4 #ee1 9 bo? v]sions1 z likely to execute ,god's v5geance on ! ly+ ,eld]s4 ,he is also m5tion$ 9 v4 #fb ( z br++ a judgm5t ( fire4 ,?is frequ5t m5tion ( angels is q 9 keep+ ) ! canonical ,daniel & o!r late books4 ,& z ,e4 ,buns5 rem>ks1 ! apocryphal doctr9e ab\t angels & evil spirits is sanction$ by ! record$ doctr9e ( ,*ri/ 7,hidd5 ,wisd4 ( ,*ri/1 #ahfe1 ,i4 #ahf74 ,b x is s+ul> t :at has g5]ally be5 consid]$ ! lat] rec5sion %\ld h less ( x 9 ?is case ?an ! e>li]4 ,! description 7v4 #i7 ( ! work+s ( consci5ce1 :ile ov]t s9 0 "u consid]ation1 b be=e x 0 actually committ$1 %ews a deep k ( ! human he>t1 su* z is f\nd 9 ! biblical writ]s4 ,a process ! rev]se ( 'turn+ unto ,god1' 'hav+ ! eyes unto ,him' 7,,ii4 ,*ron4 xx4 #ab1 ,ps4 xxv4 #ad71 is v accurately depict$1 z ! dwell+ ^u "s attractive lu/ is all[$ to engage ! m9d4 ,a bett] way ( n>rat+ su* a matt] x w\ld be h>d to devise4 ,hippolytus1 9 8 ,comm4 on ,dan41 treats ! :ole /ory z hav+ an allegoric mean+4 ,joacim repres5ts ,*ri/1 ,susanna ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 ! ba? repres5ts ,holy ,baptism2 & ! two ,eld]s ! ,jews & ,g5tiles p]secut+ ! fai?ful 7,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,hippolytus1 p4 #ajd;a4 ,= ,*ri/ian s>cophagi ) l symbolism1 see ',art'74 ,m4 de ,ca/illo 7,madrid1 #afeh7 reflects 9 symbolism ! increm5ts ( a lat] age :5 he sees 9 ,susanna a type ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y--,m>ia ,virgo 9 illa figurata4 ,!re does n appe> to be any?+ ',messianic' 9 ?is writ+1 unless ,daniel himself be reg>d$ z a type ( ,*ri/1 execut+ j judgm5t1 sep>at+ ! righte\s publicly f ! wick$4 ,!re is also ,orig5's /atem5t be>+ ^u ?is matt] 7ad ,afric41 see ,speak]'s ,comm4 #cbg;b71 z to ! prospect ( becom+ ,messiah's "m1 :i* ! ,eld]s held out to ,susanna4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 at ! end ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,j]emiah1 has a slightly diff]5t v]sion ( _! outrage\s pret5ces4 ,/&+ on sur] gr\nd ?an su* speculations ! !ology ( ! piece itself is s\nd & prop]4 ,,*ronology4 ,! p]iod 9 :i* ?is trial befel ,susanna is pla9ly t ( ! ,babylonian ,captivity1 aft] ! ,jews 7 well settl$ 9 _! conqu]or's l&1 b n v long aft]4 ,! "t cov]$ by ! n>rative itself is obvi\sly a v %ort "o1 probably only a few days at ! outside4 ,if ! sugge/ion 9 ,julius ,africanus' lett] to ,orig5 is correct1 ,joacim1 ,susanna's husb&1 0 none o!r ?an ,jehoia*91 ! captive k+ ( ,judah4 ,b ,africanus is n by any means confid5t ( ?is2 nor does ,hippolytus s id5tify !m1#di b cont5ts himself ) comm5t+ on ! /atem5t ( ! text 7v4 #d7 t ,joacim 0 a v ri* man4 ,nor is !re any?+ 9 ! ,greek ( ei!r v]sion to indicate 8 royalty1 ?\gh ! ass]tion t he 0 m hon\rable ?an all o!rs fits 9 well ) ! notion4 ,b if ! /ory 0 coval 9 its fir/ =m ) ! ev5ts n>rat$ 9 x1 ! fact might be tak5 z univ]sally kn[n2 or x might be ?\ght politic to suppress x1 z likely to be unpalatable to ! reign+ ,babylonian mon>*1 9 ! writt5 record4 ,?us x is possible to answ] to a great ext5t ,bissell's objection on v4 #g1 t !re seems to be no good reason :y x %\ld n h be5 def9itely /at$4 ,8 "n is giv5 z bo? "h1 9 ,,ii4 ,k+s xxiv4 #h1 #ab1 & 9 ,i4 ,esd4 i4 #dc1 exactly ! same z t ( 8 fa!r & pr$ecessor ,jehoiakim 9 ,i4 ,esd4 i4 #cg 7#ci74 ,else:]e ! "n is translit]at$ & 7,b>4 i4 #c1 ,j]4 xxii4 #bd1 v>4 lect41 ,,ii4 ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #h1 #i74 ,9 ,judi? iv4 #f1 xx4 #h we h )\t v>iation1 z ! "n ( ! high prie/4 ,if ?is id5tification be correct ! date mu/ be subsequ5t to #eig ,b4,c41 ! ye> ( ,jehoia*9's captivity2 & probably n long aft]1 s9ce ,daniel1 :o 0 tak5 to ,babylon 9 or soon aft] ! ?ird ye> ( ,jehoiakim's reign 9 #fjc-d1ej is repres5t$ z be+ /ill 9 v4 #de4 ,?is phrase is some:at tautologically r5d]$ by ,a4,v4 z a '"y y\?1' an in/ance :i* might be cit$ 9 support ( ! view t ! ,engli% ( ! apocryphal 0 less excell5t ?an t ( ! canonical books#ea2 b1 /range to say1 ! awkw>d expression is cont9u$ 9 ,r4,v4 ,)\t necess>ily imply+ x1 v4 #b might easily be tak5 to convey ! impression t ,jehoia*9 m>ri$ 9 ,babylon4 ,?us ,hippolytus ass]ts1 7,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 ,x4 #fhi74 ,&1 on '! same ye>' ( v4 #e1 ,reuss gives ! int]rogative note1 ,im ,jahre d] ,v]heiratung des ,joakim8 ,if ,susanna's husb& really be ,jehoia*91 he is ! ,je*onias :o f9ds a place 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/1 ,/4 ,matt4 i4 #aa1 #ab1 ,jehoiakim 7,eliakim7 be+ omitt$4 ,bugati 7,dan4 p4 #aff7 argues t ,joakim is n ,jehoia*9 because ( ! "n3 quo circa erroris argu5dus e/ ,jacobus ,edess5us1 sive auctor s*olii ad calcem hi/oriae ,susannas adjecti 9 codice ,p>isi5si1 qui ,joacem virum ,susann eum ,joa*9 rege confundat4 ,bugati 0 probably unaw>e ( ! above-m5tion$ v>iations 9 ! spell+ ( ! "n1 :i* neutralize ! =ce ( 8 argum5t4 ,two o!r d\btful indications ( "t are giv5 by ,hippolytus1 viz4 t ,*el*ias 0 ,j]emiah's bro!r1 mak+ ,susanna !re=e 8 niece 7,we/cott's art4 ,*elcias1 ,smi?'s ,d4,b471 & t 'a fit "t' 9 v4 #ae intimat$ ! ,fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,unsupport$ tradition & conjecture look l ! gr\nds ( ^! two indications respectively4 ,b>d5hew] 7op4 cit4 p4 #ge7 n unreasonably deems t ,hippolytus is ?9k+ ( ,*ri/ian ,baptism 9 connection ) ,ea/]1 & s ?r[s back ! idea into ! 'ba?' & '! fit "t' ( ! ,passov]4 ,! ,h>kl5sian ,syriac 7,w1 ,walton's second ,syriac#eb7 ass]ts bo? 9 vv4 #a & #de t ,daniel 0 twelve ye>s old at ! date ( ! /ory2 also t ,susanna 0 a wid[ aft] a m>ri$ life ( a few days only 7v4 #e71 a /atem5t to :i* nei!r ,greek v]sion l5ds any c\nt5ance4 ,9 fact1 v4 #fc 77 supposes ,joakim to be alive at ! end ( ! tale4 ,n[ we "k f ,,ii4 ,k+s xxv4 #bg & ,j]4 xxviii4 7xxxv47 #a-d t ,jehoia*9 liv$ "s ye>s at lea/ aft] 8 deportation4 ,^! ,syriac ins]tions !re=e z to ,daniel's age & ,susanna's wid[hood are h>dly compatible ) "o ano!r on ! supposition t %e 0 ! wife ( ,jehoia*91 k+ ( ,judah4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out 9 ! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y1 xlvib1 t ! ins]tion ( 'twelve ye>s old' into ! text ( ! ,syriac ( ,susanna may be due to ,*ri/ian re-h&l+1 z also ! ext5sion ( ! f9al v]se ab\t ,daniel's fame1 & he increas$ 9 fav\r ) ! family ( ,susanna1 etc41 s z to produce a correspond5ce ) ,/4 ,luke ii4 #db1 #eb4 ,?is is a possible !ory1 b "o lack+1 s f>1 ! support ( evid5ce4 ,! condemnation ( ,susanna at ! n9? h\r 7v4 #da7 might likewise be attribut$ to ! same ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,?is 0 no d\bt op]ative "h1 z x 0 ) ,hippolytus4 ,9 ?is connection x is wor?y ( note t 9 ! long] rec5sion ( ! ,ignatian ,epi/4 ad ,magnes41 ,,iii41 ,daniel is spok5 ( z :5 he 1 a phrase evid5tly rem9isc5t ( ! hi/ory ( ,susanna4 ,bi%op ,lightfoot notes on ?is3 ,8 age is n giv5 9 ! n>rative1 & x is difficult to see :5ce x c\ld h be5 d]iv$4 ,he dates ! long] ,ignatian epi/les 9 ! second half ( ! #d? c5tury 7,i4 #bdf71 :ile ,?omas ( ,h>kel liv$ 9 ! #f? & #g? c5tres4 ,b1 ?\gh s mu* lat]1 ?is ,syriac translation may p]haps af=d "s clue to ! ultimate discov]y ( ,ignatius'1 or r 8 exp&]'s1 s\rce ( in=mation4 ,! words d n ( c\rse necess>ily imply su* extreme y\? z twelve ye>s2 nor are we 9 any way ti$ to ! accuracy ( ?is or o!r ,h>kl5sian v>iations4 ,?\gh ?is ,addition !re=e has its *ronological difficulties1 !y ne$ n be reg>d$ z absolutely insurm\ntable4 ,,canonicity4 ,be=e ! correspond5ce ( ,orig5 ) ,julius ,africanus1 ^: lett] is a model ( sob] criticism 7,swete1 ,patri/ic ,/udy1 p4 #ef7--;a correspond5ce r5ew$ betwe5 ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea & ,porphyry#ec1 & betwe5 ,ruf9us & ,j]ome1 ) less sobriety--we h no record ( ! po9t hav+ be5 moot$4 ,=1 z ,bissell writes 7p4 #ddh71 ,we h no evid5ce t ^! pieces 7 n reg>d$ z fully on a level ) ! rema9d] ( ! book4 ,africanus he>d ,orig5 use ,susanna 9 controv]sy ) "o ,bassus1 & subsequ5tly wrote to remon/rate1 he himself be+ resid5t 9 ,pale/9e4 ,"s ( 8 objections 9 ?is fam\s lett] h consid]able =ce1 :ile o!rs are v weak 7,d4,c4,b4 ,i4 p4 #ed;b74 ,orig5 deems ,susanna "p ( ! g5u9e ,daniel1 cut out by ! ,jews1 z he sugge/s 9 8 ,epi/le to ,africanus4 ,bi%op ,gray 7,o4,t4 p4 #fab7 describes ?is ,epi/le z 'suspect$'2 b x appe>s n[ to be g5]ally accept$4 ,orig5 ?9ks t ! motive ( ,susanna's exclusion 0 its relation ( p>ticul>s discr$itable to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,b ! ,bi%op truly says1 !re is no f\ndation = ?is improbable fancy4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9$ by ,philippe 9 ,vig\r\x' ,dict4 7cf4 ',title & ,position1' p4 #aji74 ,orig5 also ass]ts ! canonicity ( ,susanna 9 ,hom4 9 ,levit4 #a 7middle73 ,s$ tempus e/ nos adv]sus improbos presbyt]os uti sanct ,susann vocibus1 quas illi quidem repudiantes1 hi/oriam ,susann de catalogo div9orum volum9um desecr>unt4 ,nos autem et suscipimus1 et opportune contra ipsos pr(]imus1 dic5tes ',angu/i mihi undique1' etc4 7v4 #bb74 ,aga91 ,orig5 ref]s to ! matt] 9 8 ,9 ,mat?um ,comm5t>iorum ,s]ies4 ,he quotes ,daniel's words 9 v4 #ee1 angelus ,dom9i hab5s gladium sc9det te m$ium1 & also ausi sumus uti 9 hoc loco1 ,dan4 exemplo1 non ignorantes quoniam 9 ,hebro positum non e/1 s$ quoniam 9 ecclesiis t5etur4 ,alt]ius autem temporis e/ requir]e de huiusmodi 7,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 ,,xiii4 #afif74 ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 p4 #ajc7 says1 on second ?\ghts1 t he adductum esse1 ut ipsos libros apocryphos ab ,orig9e pro et div9is habitos esse c5seam4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 or probably a little e>li]1 ,/4 ,hippolytus 7#bcj7 gives a simil> reason = ! extrusion ( ?is episode4 ,he notes on v4 #h1 1 4 ,on :i* ,b>d5hew] 7op4 cit4 p4 #gf7 rem>ks1 ,susanna soll also frh] au* 9 dem jdis*5 ,kanon ge/&5 hab5 und er/ spt] 7unliebsam5 ,vorwrf5 geg5b]7 aus demselb5 entf]nt word5 se94 ,a4 ,s*olz1 h[ev]1 :o treats ! book allegorically z a 'vision1' attributes e>ly op9ions adv]se to its canonicity to ! ,missv]/eh5 d] ,erzhlung und die unlsb>5 ,s*wi]igkeit51 die dieselbe bei d] hi/oris*5 ,auffassung ma*t 7p4 #aci74 ,! 'vision' !ory1 h[ev]1 is a difficult "o to ma9ta91 s]viceable ?\gh x may be 9 evad+ hi/oric difficulties4 ,li/s ( books ( ! canon d n help u mu*1 z x is (t5 unc]ta9 :e!r ',daniel' cov]s ! ,additions or n4 ,we may safely conclude1 h[ev]1 t x does 9 ,orig5's own li/1 z pres]v$ = u by ,eusebius 7,h4,e4 ,,vi4 #be74 ,9 ! pseudo-,a?anasius' ,synopsis sacr4 script4 #gd1 ,susanna is nam$1 aft] ! books he deems canonical1 z 1 along ) f\r books ( ,maccabees & ! ,psalms ( ,solomon4 ,9 ?is case we might conclude t does n cov] ,susanna2 b 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,synopsis ( ,daniel 7 #da7 ! /ory is m5tion$ z "p ( t book1 & ,bel & ! ,dragon1 at ! end1 9 ! same way4 ,?is au?or's view1 !n1 = & aga9/ ! canonicity looks some:at undecid$4 ,s 9 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem's li/ 9 ,cate*4 ,,iv4 #ce1 ',daniel' pretty c]ta9ly includes ,susanna & probably ! o!r two ,additions1 because 9 ,cat4 ,,xvi4 #ca1 de ,spiritu sancto1 he quotes ,susanna #de 9 company ) ,dan4 iv4 #f z if on an equal foot+4 ,x is quot$ z ,scripture be=e ,orig5's "t by ,ir5u ,,iv4 xxxv4 #b1 xli4 #a2 ,t]t4 de ,cor4 ,,iv42 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,proph4 ,ecl4 #a4 ,me?odius1 ,bi%op ( ,tyre1 introduces ,susanna into 8 ,virg9s' ,songs z an example ( brave sanctity1 call+ ^u ,*ri/#ed 7see exact words "u',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' p4 #aff74 ,9 ! ,apo/4 ,con/4 ,,ii4 #di1 'conc]n+ accus]s & witnesses1' ?is trial is in/anc$ 1 & aga9 9 cap4 #ea 7,mansi1 ,concil4 ,flor5ce1 #agei1 ,i4 #ceb1 #cec74 ,?\gh ,j]ome 7,pref4 to ,dan47 calls ?is & ! o!r ,additions 'fabul' 7twice71 x is po9t$ out by ,p]onne 9 8 note to ,corn4 ,lap4 on ,dan4 xiii4 #a 7,p>is1 #ahgd7 t ,j]ome uses ! same ^w ( ! /ory ( ,samson 7no ref4 giv571 :i* he c]ta9ly reg>d$ z canonical4 ,he claims !re=e t "h x has v]um et nativum s5sum vocis fabul1 qu quidem significat 'hi/oriam1 s]monem4' ,b ev5 if any disp>ag+ s5se c\ld be elim9at$ f ?is p>ticul> ^w1 ,j]ome's op9ion is o!rwise express$4 ,! only possible ref]5ce to ,susanna obs]vable1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! ,n4,t4 is 9 ,matt1 xxvii4 #bd1 unless ! "n ( ,susanna 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #c be tak5 f our h]o9e's4 ,x is ( c\rse emblematic ( lily-l purity1 & !re=e v suitable = a woman4 ,! /ory1 ) "s omissions1 =ms ! ,epi/le = ,saturday aft] ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,l5t 9 ! ,s>um & ,roman ,missals4 ,lu!r says t ?is & ,bel are beautiful & spiritual compositions1 j z ,judi? & ,tobias 7,bleek1 ,o4,t41 ,v5ables' transl41 #ahfi1 ,,ii4 #cci74 ,9 ! ,greek ,*ur* ! ,synods ( ,con/ant9ople & ,j]usalem 9 #afgb expressly decid$1 9 opposition to ,cyril ,luc> & ! ,calv9i/s1 t ,susanna & ,bel 7) "s o!r apocryphal books7 7 g5u9e elem5ts ( ,div9e ,scripture1 & d5\nc$ ,cyril ,luc>'s conduct 9 /yl+ !m ,apocrypha z ignorance or wick$ness 7,bleek1 ,,ii4 #cdc2 ,loisy1 ,o4,t4 p4 #bdc74 ,! pres5t ,ea/]n ,*ur* reckons !m1 ) ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 canonical1 z ,bi%op ,nect>ius expressly /ates 7,greek ,manuals ( ,*ur* ,doctr9e1 publ4 by ,eng4 ,*4 ,assoc41 ,lond41 #aija1 p4 #ai74 ,also ,b>-,hebru 7#abhf71 ! ,monophysite1 comm5ts on ^! fragm5ts z if ,holy ,scripture 7,loisy1 p4 #bde74 ,we see !n t ! te/imonies to canonicity are ( consid]able /r5g?1 m s ?an is p]haps g5]ally realis$1 ev5 ?\gh ! argum5ts to ! contr>y may be /ill /rong]4 ,! /atem5t ( ,fritzs*e 7,libri apocryphi1 #ahga1 p4 xiii7 is mod]ate & reasonable1 fitt+ 9 well z x does ) ! views ( our own ,*ur*1 ,lib] ,danielis canonicus iam eo ipso tempore1 quo primum 9 l+uam grcam transf]ebatur1 additam5tis grcis auctus e/1 quorum tria maiora f]e inde a seeulo qu>to 9 eccl4 *ri/iana vulgo a viris doctis apocrypha iudicata sunt4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art4 ,,lit]ature4 ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,9 ,/4 ,matt4 xxvii4 #bd ,pilate possibly adopts ,daniel's words 9 v4 #df1 or at lea/ accid5tally falls 9 ) !m4 ,9 ,heb4 xi4 #bc & ,sus4 #g 77 !re is a /rong simil>ity 9 ! use ( ! ^w 1 z well z 9 ,exod4 ii4 #b4 ,among names tak5 f ! ,o4,t41 t ( ,susanna is n uncommon 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,names1 #acgd;a74 ,n improbably !re=e ,susanna1 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #c1 may h be5 nam$ aft] ! ,susanna ( ?is hi/ory1 z already m5tion$ "u ',canonicity1' p4 #afa4 ,/4 ,susanna ( ! ,roman ,cal5d>1 :o is dat$ circ4 #bic1 is mo/ likely an example ( ?is4 ,%e is n giv5 an article 9 ,d4,c4,b41 b !re is a %ort notice ( h] 9 ,d4,c4,a41 z commemorat$ 9 v>i\s ,m>tyrologies on ,augu/ #aa?4 ,,ir5,,u 7#bjj74 ,9 ,adv4 ,hr4,,iii4 xlii4 #a !re is an app>5t ref]5ce to v4 #ee2 9 ,,iv1 xxxv4 #b to v4 #db2 & 9 ,,iv4 xli4 #a1 'de presbyt]is inju/is1' vv4 #bj1 #bf are quot$ z a ,daniele propheta voces 9 repro( ( ,*ri/ian presbyt]s4 ,x is probable1 too1 t ,deum qui absconsa manife/at 7,,iv4 xxxi4 #b7 may be a rem9isc5ce ( ! phrase 9 v4 #db2 & /ill m probably p]haps qui e/ absconsorum cognitor 9 ,,iv4 xxxv4 #b has its orig9 9 ?is same v]se4 ,,clem5t or ,,alex&ria 7#bbj74 ,9 ,/rom4 ,,iv4 7,he9sius' ed41 ,p>is1 #afbi1 p4 #ebb7 he speaks ( ,susanna & ,miriam toge!r1 z if _! biblical positions 7 on a p>4 ,9 ,hort & ,mayor's edit4 7#aijb7 ( ,/rom4 ,,vii4 ! words 9 #cg are ref]r$ to ,susanna #dc 772 b x is h>dly safe to assume t we h "h m ?an an accid5tal approximation ( word+4 ,,hippolytus 7#bcj7 di/9ctly recognizes ,susanna at ! end ( 8 ,preface to ,daniel1 z well z 9 8 ,comm5t>y itself4 ,?is la/1 ,b>d5hew] 7,freiburg im ,breisgau1 #ahgg1 p4 #fi7 deems1 on acc\nt ( its homiletic phrases1 to be ,bru*/cke e9] ,homilie 7cf4 art4 ,hippolytus1 ,d4,c4,b4 iii4 #ajb;a74 ,,apo/olic ,,con/itutions 7?ird c5tury874 ,susanna's trial is in/anc$ 9 ,,ii4 #di1 ,conc]n+ accus]s & witnesses 7see quotation "u ',canonicity1' p4 #afa71 & aga9 9 cap4 #ea4 ,,t]tullian 7#bdj74 ,9 de ,corona militis1 #d1 aft] in/anc+ ,rebecca1 he goes on to say ( ,susanna3 si et ,susanna 9 iudicio revelata argum5tum vel&i pr/at1 possum dic]e3 et 8 velam5 arbitrii fuit1 etc4 ,also de ,pudic4 #ag1 etc4 ,,orig5 7#bed7 frequ5tly ref]s to ,susanna 9 8 comm5t>ies1 _m ref]5ces to :i* are collect$ by ,s*r]1 ,h4,j4,p41 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 #ahf4 ,9 ! middle ( #a ( 8 ,hom4 ,i4 9 ,levitic4 he quotes ,susanna's words 9 v4 #bb z if appropriate to ! m\? ( ! book itself1 surr\nd$1 by ^? :o d\bt$ its canonicity 7words quot$ "u ',canonicity1' p4 #aeh74 ,9 ,eusebius' ,prp4 ,ev4 ,,vi4 #aa1 ,orig5 is giv5 z quot+ v4 #db z a pro( ( ,god's =ekn[l$ge1 4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,john 7bk4 ,,xx4 #e7 he quotes v4 #ef ) 4 ,,cyprian 7#beh71 9 ,ep4 ,,xliii4 #d1 illu/rates 8 rem>ks by a ref]5ce to ,susannam pudicam4 ,bleek 7,o4,t4 ,,ii4 #caf7 says t ,bel & ! ,dragon & ,susanna 7 us$ by bo? ,ir5u & ,cyprian 9 a simil> way to ! ,scriptures ( ! ,hebrew canon4 ,,me?odius 7#ccj71 9 8 ,song ( ! ,virg9s 7,,ii4 #b74 1 1 includes ,judi? & ,susanna3 1 1 1 1 444 7,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 ,,xviii4 #bab74 ,,hil>y ,,( ,,poiti]s 7#cfg71 de ,tr94 ,,iv4 #h 7,migne1 ,patr4 lat4 #aj1 #aja71 quotes ,susanna #db1 ,sicut beata ,sus4 dicit1 ,deus t]nus absconditorum cognitor1 sci5s omnia1 etc4 ,,a?anasius 7#cgc7 also1 9 8 ,disc1 aga9/ ,arians1 ,i4 #ac1 quotes ?is popul> v]se 7#db7 z 9 ,daniel4 ,9 ! ,life ( ,an?ony1 #dc1 he ref]s to ,susanna1 z well z 9 ! 'd\btful' ,synopsis ,s4,s4 ,,ephrem ,,syrus 7#cgh7 ref]s bo? 9 8 ,ep4 ad ,johann4 mona*um1 & 9 8 #ae? ,p>nesis1 to ! bless$ ,susanna4 ,,gratian 7#chc7 notes on ,c4 ,,xi4 ( ,neocs>ea 7#cae ,a4,d47 9 ,decreta ,i4 #gh1 c4 iv41 ,daniel1 we read1 receiv$ ! _s ( prophecy be=e he _h arriv$ ev5 at y\?4 ,! ,canon itself1 z giv5 by ,hefele1 makes no m5tion ( ,daniel4 ,,cyril ,,( ,,j]usalem 7#chf7 ref]s 7,cate*4 ,i4 #ca7 to ,daniel's inspiration to rescue ,susanna1 & quotes v4 #de ) 4 ,,gregory ,,( ,,nyssa 7#cif7 quotes1 9 8 ,hexam]on 7,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 ,,xliv4 p4 #ga7 & 9 8 ,mak+ ( ,man1 v4 #db1 twice z a prophetic writ+ 7,,xxix4 #a74 ,,ambrose 7#cig7 has1 ,s]mons ,,xlix4 & ,l41 de accusato ,dom9o apud ,pilatum et de ,susanna1 9 :i* he draws a p>allel betwe5 !m1 z to sil5ce "u false *>ges1 at consid]able l5g? 7,basel1 ed4 #aebg1 ,,iii4 #edi74 ,,sulpicius ,,sev]us 7#djj871 9 8 ,hi/4 ,sacr4 lib4 ,,ii4 #a1 gives an outl9e ( ! /ory ( ,susanna1 aft] ! ev5ts ( ,dan4 i4 & be=e ^? ( *ap1 ii41 evid5tly reg>d+ x z hi/orical4 ,,*ryso/om 7#djg7 has a s]mon de ,susanna1 9 :i* he comp>es h] to ! g>d5 enclos$ ( ,solomon's ,song iv4 #ab 7quot$ 9 ,arnald's ,comm5t>y74 ,,j]ome 7#dbj71 9 8 de ,nom9ibus ,hebraicis1 includes1 "u ! ,book ( ,daniel1 ,susanna & ,joacim )\t any di/9ction f ! names 9 ! re/ ( ! book 7ed4 ,vall>si1 vol4 ,,iii474 ,,augu/9e 7#dcj7 draws1 9 de ,civ4 ,dei1 ,i4 #ai1 a p>allel betwe5 ,susanna & ,lucretia1 greatly to ! advantage ( ! =m]4 ,arnald1 on v4 #bc1 gives "s extracts f ?is4 ,,cyril ,,( ,,alex&ria 7#ddd7 quotes v4 #ef at lea/ twice1 viz4 on ,hos4 xii4 #h & on ,zeph4 i4 #aa4 ,9 ! latt] case he speaks ( x z 1 giv+ x ?us explicitly a high position4 ,,!odoret 7#deg7 quotes 9 ,lett] ,,cx41 ,susanna #bb2 b 9 8 comm5t on ,daniel1 ,susanna is n conta9$4 ,,mam]tus ,,claudianus 7#dgd74 ,! foll[+ occurs 9 a hymn attribut$ to ?is writ]1 ,9 ,jacobum magi/rum equitum1 b :i* ,migne says is 'dubi auctoritatis'3 ,sic tibi det vires sancta ,susanna suas4 ,,nicephorus ,,( ,,con/ant9ople 7#hbh7 classes ,susanna among 8 antilegom5a4 ,z he makes no sep>ate m5tion 9 8 li/s ( ! ,song1 or ( ,bel & ! ,dragon1 he presumably reckons !m "u ',daniel'#ee 7,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 c4 #ajef74 ,at ! end ( pseudo-,a?anasius' ,synopsis ,s4,s4 comes a li/ ( 1 s simil> to ,nicephorus' li/ 9 ord] & cont5ts z to sugge/ t !y _h "s close connection2 & x is possible t ?is app5dage may be ( ev5 lat] date ?an ! ,synopsis itself1 :i* may be attribut$ to ! #f? c5tury 7,loisy1 ,a4,t41 p4 #adg74 ,! above are specim5s ( ! num]\s ref]5ces made to ,susanna by e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 bo? ,greek & ,lat91 :o evid5tly f\nd 9 h] a fav\rite in/ance to adduce 9 support ( _! tea*+4 ,nor ought we1 9 su* a matt]1 to treat lightly ! t5or ( ,*ri/ian antiquity s rem>kably manife/$4 ,,art4 ,f e>ly times sc5es f ,susanna 7 (t5 *os5 = arti/ic treatm5t4 ,9 a li/ ( ! symbols mo/ frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 pa9t+ or sculpture by ! ,*ur* ( ! fir/ sev5 c5turies ,susanna is includ$ 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,symbolism74 ,frescoes ( ,susanna & ! ,eld]s occur1 ?\gh n ) great frequ5cy1 9 ! ,catacombs 7,d4,c4,a4 ,i4 art4 ,fresco1 #gjj;a74 ,w4 ,l[rie1 9 8 ,*ri/ian ,art 7,n4,y4 & ,lond4 #aija1 p4 #baj71 m5tions a second-c5tury fresco ( ,susanna & ! ,eld]s judg$ by ,daniel1 9 ! cemet]y ( ,calli/us2 also he says1 9 ! ,capella grca 9 ,/4 ,priscilla ! /ory is depict$ ) unusual dramatic int]e/ 9 sev]al sc5es4 ,?ree old ,italian s>cophagi h bas-reliefs ( ,susanna & ! ,eld]s z emblematic ( ! ,*ur* endur+ p]secution2 o!rs are kn[n 9 s\!rn ,gaul 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,*ur*1 ,symbols (74 ,a woodcut is giv5 9 ?is article ( a %eep 7ewe87 betwe5 two wild bea/s 7wolves871 ',susanna' & ',s5ioris' be+ writt5 ov] !m respectively1 ! arti/ evid5tly fe>+ t ! symbolism might o!rwise n be p]ceiv$4 ,sc5es f ! hi/ory ( ,susanna c>v$ on s>cophagi are m frequ5t 9 ,france ?an 9 ,italy4 ,x has be5 ?\ght t ! two ,eld]s may be tak5 to repres5t ! two old] =ms ( religion1 ! ,pagan & ! ,jewi% 7,d4,c4,a41 ,o4,t4 9 ,art1 ,,ii4 #adei;b74 ,9 ! same ,dict4 7,sculpture1 ,,ii4 #ahfg;a7 x is not$ t ! cycle ( subjects has a rem>kable correspond5ce ) ^? nam$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y ,ordo comm5dationis anim1 :]e ,lib]a1 ,dom4 animam s]vi tui sicut lib]a/i ,sus4 de falso crim9e1 is "o ( ! petitions4 ,x is fair to presume t ,delitzs* ref]s to "s ( ! above :5 he writes1 ,susann hi/oria 9 s>cophagis vet]um ,*ri/ianorum cum sacris hi/oriis insculpta conspicitur 7op4 cit4 #bf74 ,9 ! ,brit4 ,mus41 #bnd ,nor? ,gall]y1 ,room ,v41 !re is a glass fragm5t ( ! #d? c5tury1 f\nd at ,cologne1 repres5t+ 7probably7 ,susanna among/ o!r subjects4 ,%e also appe>s on a c>v$ ivory reliqu>y ( ,brescia1 :i* is mo/ likely n lat] 9 date ?an #hjj 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,reliqu>y1 ,,ii4 #aghj;b74 ,9 ! ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+ 7 71 giv5 9 ,didron's ,*ri/ian ,iconography 7,bohn's ed41 ,lond4 #ahhf1 ,i4 #den1 ,,ii4 #bhd71 ',daniel def5ds ,susanna' is put imm$iately aft] ! sc5e 9 ,dan4 i4 #ae1 & be=e ! o!r sc5es giv5 out ( ,daniel 7cf4 ',position1' p4 #aji74 ,didron's ,,ms4 ( ?is "w is probably ( ! #ae? c5tury1 ?\gh ! monks ( ,a?os1 :5ce x appe>s to h come1 reg>d$ x z "s five c5turies old]4 ,!re is a w9d[ ( /a9$ glass1 said to be c9que-c5to1 9 ! we/]nmo/ bay ( ! s\? aisle ( ,/4 ,james' ,*ur*1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ( :i* ! ?ree l[] lights repres5t ! trial ( ,susanna4 ,9 ! c5tre ,susanna's ba? takes ! =m ( a deep font1 9 :i* %e is /&+4 ,! ,eld]s are clo!d 9 purple4#ef ,9 ,sumn]'s ,antiquities ( ,cant]bury1 #agjc1 ! second figure 9 ! ?ird w9d[ ( ! ca!dral is describ$ z ,daniel 9 m$io s5iorum1 & ?is inscription is giv53 ,mirantur pu]i s5iores voce doc]i ,sic responsa dei s5sum /up5t ,ph>asaei4 7,repr9t$ 9 ,anci5t ,glass ,pa9t+1 by an ,amateur1 ,oxf4 #ahdh1 p4 #cee47 ,9 ! s*eme ( /a9$ glass = ,truro ca!dral !re are sev]al apocryphal subjects1 includ+ a w9d[ 9 ! s\?-ea/ transept hav+ ,susanna & ! ,"m ( ! ,sev5 ,m>tyrs = its subjects 7,donaldson1 ,bi%opric ( ,truro1 #aijb1 ,app4 ,v474 ,a c>v$ *imney-piece exi/s 9 ,*ill+ham ,ca/le1 ,nor?umb]l&1 repres5t+ ,susanna & ! ,eld]s 7,murray1 ,h&book to ,nor?umb]l&1 #ahgc1 p4 #cbf74 ,?is sc5e has be5 a wond]fully popul> "o ) pa9t]s4 ,altdorf]1 ,c>racci1 ,correggio1 ,a4 ,coypel1 van ,dyck1 ,gu]c9o1 ,rembr&t1 ,rub5s1 ,sant]re1 ,t9toretto1 ,val5t91 & ,p4 ,v]onese may be nam$ among/ ^? :o h treat$ x4 ,a picture entitl$ ',susanna' 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 ,london1 9 #ahhf1 by ,fr$4 ,goodall1 ,r4,a4 ,?us we see t ! _m picturesque incid5ts 9 ?is ,addition h n be5 ov]look$ by ,*ri/ian arti/s 9 se>* ( subjects = ! bru% or ! *isel4 ,( ^! ?ree supplem5t>y sections ( ,daniel ! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna has1 9 ?is respect1 be5 f\nd mu* ! mo/ sugge/ive2 probably z ! "o :i* is ?\ght to conta9 ! highe/ passion & feel+4 ,,example ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,9 ! "* ( ,susanna we see unconqu]able ,purity 9 ?\ght & de$2 pray]ful ,tru/ 9 ,god "u a false & cruel accusation1#eg &1 9 ! face ( dea?1 secur+ deliv]ance f an unexpect$ qu>t] 7cf4 v4 #fj ) ,,ii4 ,cor4 i4 #aj74 ,) v4 #ee ,hippolytus comp>es ,tob4 iii4 #b 7,vulgate74 ,! p>allels drawn by ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,/4 ,augu/9e w be f\nd "u ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' p4 #afg4 ,susanna's tr\ble may be tak5 z a conspicu\s illu/ration ( ,ps4 xxxiv4 #ai4 ,susanna 0 consci5ti\s z well z pure2 w\ld n lie1 be+ t5d]ly nurtur$ morally z well z physically4#eh ,%e _h ! virtue ( bodily cleanl9ess z well z social purity1 & af=ds an e>ly in/ance ( ! use ( ! prep>$ ba?4 ,x is noticeable1 too1 t no unfav\rable traits develop !mselves on ! re-e/abli%m5t ( h] happ9ess & ! condemnation ( h] sl&]]s2 !re is no excessive reaction to unbecom+ laxity1 no 4 ,9 ! "* ( ! ,eld]s we see judicial position & feign$ piety us$ z a cloak = lu/ & sl&]2 great h>dness ( he>t 9 condemn+ ,susanna to dea?1 ) ! full k t %e 0 innoc5t2 unblu%+ effront]y 7v4 #ej72 s9s ( ! tongue 9 'ly+ & sl&]+4' ,hook] 7,ecc4 ,pol4 ,v4 #b7 ref]s1 accord+ to ! m>g9al note 7?\gh !y are n nam$ 9 ! text71 to ^! ,eld]s z examples ( affect$ a!ism1 :]e ! w9d[s ( ! s\l are ( v set purpose clos$2 !y turn$ away _! m9d & ca/ d[n _! eyes1 t !y might n see heav5 nor rememb] j judgm5ts4 ,/4 ,hippolytus on v4 #fa quotes ,prov4 xxvi4 #bg v appositely4 ,! fall ( ! ,eld]s %ews ! ne$ = our ,"l's ord] 9 ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #bh1 & ! t]rible results ( act+ o!rwise4 ,! individual "* ( ea* ,eld] has a little light ?r[n ^u x by ! =m ( condemnation fram$ by ,daniel4 ,t ( ! fir/ is *iefly bas$ on 8 unju/ judgm5t1 t ( ! second on 8 lewd conduct1 ea* judgm5t be+ v>i$ 9 ?is way accord+ to ! =m ( 8 previ\s iniquities4 ,! k :i* ,daniel possess$ ( ^! appropriately det]m9$ ! ca/ ( 8 s5t5ce4 ,t he _h "s acqua9tance ) _! =m] habits is %ewn by vv44 #eb1 #ec1 #ef4 ,! *ange to ! plural 9 v4 #eg is difficult to expla91 & does n receive att5tion at ! h&s ( ! comm5tators2 9 fact ,ball applies ?is v]se1 )\t m5tion+ ! *ange ( numb]1 to ! "o ,eld] only4 ,al?\gh ^! godless judges fail$ 9 accompli%+ _! purpose1 !y 7 n on ?is acc\nt less sc&al\s betray]s ( virtue4 ,9 ,susanna's ,s]vants we see fidelity1 sympa?y1 & no eag]ness to believe an ill report4 ,z reg>ds ,susanna1 ?is fact speaks volumes = ! excell5ce ( h] conduct4 ,9 ,daniel we see ! c\rage & p5etrat+ acum5 :i* are s *>act]i/ic ( 8 :ole c>e]1 impress+ all ) :om he 0 br\ght into contact4 ,he weighs a matt] c>efully be=e com+ to a decision4 ,by unmask+ hypocrisy & secur+ ju/ice he is delight$ to set "r a griev\s wrong4#ei ,he appe>s z ! be/ judge 7cf4 ! e/imation %ewn ( ! ju/ice ( ,god by ,az>ias1 ,song ( ! ,?ree1 #d--h74 ,daniel fur!r exhibits a decision & an abs5ce ( self-di/ru/1 9 und]tak+ tasks ( great risk1 q 9 accordance ) 8 "* z portray$ 9 ! canonical book1 & 9 ,bel & ! ,dragon4 ,9 ea* case he is al]t1 acute1 & fe>less2 8 conduct 9 diff]5t circum/ances is q 9 keep+ ) itself4 ,us+ 8 tal5ts ?or\ghly1 he makes full pro( ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,!re is a /rong resemblance 9 ideas1 ?\gh n mu* 9 words1 betwe5 ,daniel's s5t5ce 9 v4 #ee & ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ea4 ,! judgm5t ( ,daniel 9 ?is case may be tak5 z a type ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 correct+ ! unju/ judgm5ts ( ?is _w4 ,a high value is set on ,scripture1 z v4 #ec %ews1 :]e x is quot$ z an au?oritative rule ( conduct2 v4 #e1 too1 if x is to be reg>d$ z a ref]5ce to ,j]4 xxix4 #bc1 po9ts to a simil> high e/eem = x z ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,susanna h]self 9 v4 #bb evid5tly rememb]s ,david's words 9 ,,ii4 ,sam4 xxiv4 #ad1 :5 he too _h to make 8 *oice betwe5 fall+ into ! h& ( ! ,"l or ! h& ( man1 ?us %ew+ h] ready k ( ! ,o4,t4 ,mu* admirable moral tea*+ !re=e may be drawn f ! *>act]s ( ?is little "w ( _w-wide int]e/1 tea*+ :i* is ne$$ 9 all nations & 9 all p]iods4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,bel ,,& ,,! ,,dragon 7 7 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,bel ,,& ,,! ,,dragon4 ,,analysis4 v4 #a1 #b4 ,introduces ,cyrus & ,daniel4 #c4 ,h[ ,bel 0 wor%ipp$ by ! ,babylonians4 #d--g4 ,discussion z to ,bel's wor%ip#fj betwe5 ! ,k+ & ,daniel4 #h1 #i4 ,! ,k+ enquires ( ,bel's prie/s1 & says t !y or ,daniel mu/ die4 #aj--ad4 ,! te/ agre$ ^u to prove :e!r ,bel p>took ( ! (f]+s or no4 #ae--bb4 ,decid$ 9 ! negative by discov]y ( ! ,prie/s' trick1 :o are sla9 & _! idol de/roy$4 #bc4 ,introduces ! o!r object ( wor%ip#fj1 ! ,dragon4 #bd--bg4 ,conv]sation z to its div9ity betwe5 ! ,k+ & ,daniel1 :o1 ) ! =m]'s p]mission1 +5i\sly slays x4 #bh1 #bi4 ,ang] ( ! ,babylonians ) !m bo?4 #cj--cb4 ,!y cause ,daniel to be ca/ into ! lions' d54 #cc--dj4 ,he is miracul\sly sav$ by ,habakkuk4 #dj1 #db4 ,! ,k+ ackn[l$ges ! ,"l1 sets ,daniel free1 & deliv]s 8 p]secutors to ! fate int5d$ = ! prophet4 ,endnote3 ,n4,b4--,x is unacc\ntable :y ! 'head+' 9 ,a4,v4 beg9s ) v4 #ai4 ,cf4 ,sus4 = a simil> peculi>ity4 ,,title ,,& ,,position4 ,,title4 is ! usual title ( ?is booklet4 ,x is obvi\sly d]iv$ f ! names ( ! two idols de/roy$ 9 ! two portions ( ! /ory4 ,b ,cod4 ,*is4 has ! curi\s head+1 7cf4 v4 #cc74 ,! ,syriac also has ! equival5t ( ?is4 ,9 "s ,syriac ,,mss4 ',dragon' is giv5 z a sep>ate title be=e v4 #bc2 & ,lu!r's v]sion1 at ! same po9t1 exp&s ?is into 'von ,dra*5 zu ,babel4' ,9 ,codd4 ,a1 ,q1 ! entire piece is head$ 1 & is ?us treat$ z an integral "p ( ,daniel1 f9i%+ ! book1 ! #ab? *apt] ( :i* ends 9 ,cod4 ,a ) 4#fa ,9 ,b x foll[s1 if possible1 /ill m closely1 !re be+ no int]m$iate head+#fb1 ,9 ,cod4 ,a1 at ! end1 !re is 4 1 :i*1 except 9 ! case ( ,ru?1 is n ,a's usual way ( t]m9at+ works4 ,! ,arabic ,v]sion 9 ,walton also sup]scribes x z a 'vision' 7,s*olz1 p4 #aci74 ,! title '! book ( ! little ,daniel' seems appli$ to ,bel & ! ,dragon 9 a ,ne/orian li/ m5tion$ by ,*urton 7p4 #chi71 & seem+ly 9 ,eb$ ,jesu's li/ ( ,hippolytus' works 7,d4,c44,b art4 ,hippolytus1 ,,iii4 p4 #ajd;a74 ,?is title1 :i* usually belongs to ,susanna1 :5 appli$ to ,bel & ! ,dragon1 mu/ ref]1 n to ,daniel's age1 b to ! size ( ! book4 ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 #ben7 m5tions1 )\t fur!r description1 "o ,,ms4 f ,m\nt ,a?os :i* entitles x 4 ,! s\rce ( ! m>g9al read+ ( ,a4,v4 ,bel's ,dragon 7also giv5 9 ! title to ,susanna7 does n appe> to be id5tifi$4 ,,position4 ,z to ! place ( ?is piece 9 "s ( ! ,greek ,,mss4 see above4 ,pr(essor ,a4 ,s*olz 7,judi? und ,bel und d] ,dra*e1 ,wrzburg1 #ahif1 p4 #bjj7 f9ds fault ) ,holmes & ,p>sons = hav+ di/urb$ ! position ( ?is book )\t (f]+ suffici5t indication ( hav+ done s3 die ,/cke willkrli* v]setzt s9d4 ,9 ! ,vulgate x is reckon$ z *ap4 xiv4 ( ,daniel1 com+ aft] ,susanna1 :i* =ms *ap4 xiii41 z also 9 ! ,hexapl> ,syriac4 ,caj4 ,bugati1 9 8 edition ( ?is text1 reg>ds its ascription to ,habakkuk z a reason = its deta*$ position at ! end 7see ',au?or%ip1' p4 #ahf74 ,j4 ,fr/'s idea 7quot$ by ,bissell1 p4 #ddd71 t ! "w 0 orig9ally incorporat$ 9 *ap4 vi41 seems f> less likely ?an 8 conjecture ) reg>d to ! position ( ,susanna 7q4v474 ,inde$1 except = a c]ta9 simil>ity 9 ! lions' d5 miracle1 x is n easy to see :y x %\ld be jo9$ to any "p ( *ap4 vi4 ,nor d ! simil> po9ts ( ! d5 incid5ts seem any real gr\nd = mak+ "o /ory foll[ directly ^u ! o!r4 ,e4 ,philippe 7,vig\r\x ,dict4 ,,ii4 #abff7 attempts1 r feebly1 to acc\nt = its omission f ! ,hebrew ,bibles4 ,he says1 elle p>ut tort aux ,juifs faire d\ble emploi avec un rcit p>eil1 ,,vi4 ,?is seems to be a gratuit\s supposition ( no great probability4 ,z ! /ory deals ) ! latt] "p ( ,daniel's life1 its place at ! conclusion ( ! book is v fitt+4 ,9 ,cod4 ,a ! subscription m5tion$ above1 m>k+ x z ! end ( ,daniel ! prophet1 di/9ctly atta*es x to ! ,book ( ,daniel1 & precludes fur!r additions4 ,on ! :ole1 if its connection ) ! ,book ( ,daniel is to be recogniz$1 ?is position at ! close may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ suitable4 ,,au?or%ip4 ,9 1 ,bel & ! ,dragon is app>5tly assum$ to be by ! same writ] z ! re/ ( ! ,book ( ,daniel4 ,s 9 ,bre%i? ,rabbah#fc on ,g54 xxxvii4 #bd we h ne>ly ! words ( v4 #bh sq41 introduc$ by ,?is is z x is writt5 9 ,daniel 7,ball1 #cdd;a74 ,9 ,raymund ,m>t9i's ,pugio fidei 7,p>is1 #afea1 p4 #gdj7 ! ,aramaic is giv5 z 7see "u ',*ronology1' p4 #bbi74 ,if1 h[ev]1 x be presum$ t ,daniel is n ! au?or1 we are left )\t any clue to ! writ]'s "n1 except :at is af=d$ u by ! ,,lxx title1 :i* treats ! piece z an extract f a prophecy ( ,habakkuk1 son ( ,jesus4 ,mo/ probably ! m9or prophet ( t "n is int5d$1 ?\gh ?is has be5 d\bt$ on *ronological & on g5ealogical gr\nds2 & ! position ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 9 ! ,,mss4 l5ds no c\nt5ance to a connection ) ,habakkuk's prophecy4 ,ro?/e9 nev]!less1 9 ,kautzs*1 ,apocr4 7p4 #agh71 reg>ds x z c]ta9 t ! m9or prophet is meant2 & s likewise d ,s*r] & ,driv] 9 _! articles 9 ,hauck's ,encyclopdia 7,i4 #fci71 & 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 respectively2 & ,keil1 :o is ref]r$ to bel[ 7p4 #ahh74 ,/ill1 x is curi\s t a ,levite ( ! "n ( ,jesus1 :o _h sons1 is m5tion$ 9 ,i4 ,esd4 v4 #eh1 & else:]e 9 ! same book4 ,fur!r evid5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* might connect him ) ! ,,lxx title1 is n =?com+4 ,b x is noticeable t 9 ,hab4 ii4 #ah sq4 idolatry1 probably ,*aldean1 is sc(f$ at 9 a tone n dissimil> to t ( ?is "w4 ,eusebius & ,apoll9>ius1 9 controv]sy ) ,porphyry1 accept ?is title z correct 7,*urton1 #cij;b74 ,s ,bugati 7,milan1 #aghh1 p4 #afc7 treats ! au?or%ip ( ,habakkuk z ! reason ( ! deta*$ position ( ! fragm5t at ! end ( ! book4 ,hesy*ius ( ,j]usalem1 quot$ "u ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' decl9es to express an op9ion z to ! id5tity ( ,habakkuk4 ,! ,synopsis sacr4 ,script4--ref]r$ to by ,ball 7#cej;b7 & ,bissell 7#ddg7 z if a g5u9e "w ( ,a?anasius--p]haps af=ds gr\nd = a ?ird !ory4 ,= x makes m5tion 7aft] ,n4,t4 books1 #ge7 ( a c]ta9 pseudo-epigraphic writ+ ( :i* might p]haps be ! nam$ 9 ! ,,lxx title4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! !ory t ! well-kn[n prophet ,habakkuk 0 meant by ,,lxx seems ! mo/ probable4 ,b if ,bel & ! ,dragon be m]ely ! cry/allization ( :at is call$ a 'fluid my?1' or traditional float+ /ory1 its orig9al au?or%ip is n m]ely unkn[n1 b is undiscov]able1 & 0 probably a d\btful matt] ev5 to ^? :o fir/ r5d]$ x into ,greek4 ,?is view acc\nts too1 z no?+ else seems satisfactorily to d1 = ! _m *anges1 ins]tions1 & omissions 9 diff]5t v]sions4 ,su* /ories1 at any rate 9 _! e>li] days1 are subject to v>iation 9 _m po9ts z ! result ( oral repetition4 ,/ill1 ! 'fluidity' ( ?is piece is by no means s great z t ( ,tobit1 :]e ! v>iations are on a mu* wid] scale4 ,if ! 'fluid my?' !ory be accept$1 ! orig9al becomes an anonym\s /ory1 built up on ! r5[n ( ,daniel1 a piece ( ,haggadah 9 fact1 z "s1 n unreasonably1 h v5tur$ to ?9k2 su* z ,j4,w4 ,e!ridge1 :o classes ^! pieces "u t head1 or1 z he /yles !m1 hi/ories col\r$ ) fable 7,j]usalem & ,tib]ias1 ,lond4 #ahef1 p4 #aji74 ,reuss reg>ds x z /ill m imag9ative1 deem+ all except ! temple to be re9e ,erf9dung1 und zw> e9e ziemli* gei/lose 7,o4,t4 ,,vii4 #bfi74 ,b ,pr(4 ,sayce ?9ks t ! au?or 0 bett] acqua9t$ ) ,babylon & ,babylonian hi/ory ?an ! o!r apocryphal writ]s 7,temple ,bible1 ',tobit1' etc41 ,lond4 #aijc1 pp4 xiv1 #ie74 ,fur!rmore x mu/ be rememb]$ t ev5 if ,bel & ! ,dragon 0 add$ to ,daniel z an app5dix by a lat] h&1 !re may /ill be tru? 9 ! /ory2 its errone\sness is n necess>ily prov$1 nor is x ne$ful to assume1 z is sometimes done1 t all its ev5ts are fictiti\s4 ,?is seems to be done by ,g4,h4 ,curteis 7,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm41 ',introd4 to ,hab4'71 :o writes3 ,! absurd leg5ds ) :i* ! ,rabbis & ! au?or ( ,bel & ! ,dragon amus$ !mselves are n wor?y ( s]i\s att5tion4 ,& ,keil also1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,m9or ,prophets1 :ile accept+ ! sup]scription ( ,cod4 ,*is4 z support+ ,habakkuk's ,levitic orig91 reg>ds ! re/ ( ! leg5d z q wor?less 7,cl>k's translation1 pp4 #di1 #ej74 ,s1 too1 ,w4,j4 ,deane 7,pulpit ,bible1 #ahih1 ',hab4' p4 #aaa7 says1 ,! :ole acc\nt is pla9ly unhi/orical1 & its connection ) ! canonical writ] _c be ma9ta9$ = a mom5t4 ,suppos+ ! /ory to be true1 h[ev]1 x may =m an in/ance1 bo? at its outset & its close1 ( :at is record$ 9 ,dan4 vi4 #bh1 ( ,daniel prosp]+ 9 ! reign ( ,cyrus ! ,p]sian4 ,b1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 speculations lead to no positive result1 = ! real au?or _c be det]m9$4 ,,date ,,& ,,place ,,( ,,writ+4 ,,date4 ,! idea1 :i* may be a true "o1 t ?is is ! late/ ( ^! ?ree app5dices1 seems *iefly f\nd$ on its position at ! end ( ,daniel1 & on its subject-matt]1 :i* conta9s indications ( belong+ to ! prophet's latt] ye>s4 ,hav+ pass$ safely ?r\gh _m trials1 he n[ boldly laughs at ! idols ( ,babylon 7vv4 #g1 #ai74 ,8 contempt is unconceal$1 & he aga9 confid5tly risks 8 life = ! true ,god4 ,9 v4 #ai we also f9d him v5tur+ to hold ! k+ back-- 774 ,long exp]i5ce 9 surm\nt+ great difficulties by div9e help _h /r5g!n$ 8 n]ve & confirm$ 8 fai?4 ,orig9al4 ,if ! ,,lxx be tak5 z a translation1 ! orig9al is ( c\rse old] ?an ! ,greek text1 b n necess>ily mu* old]4 ,if ! /atem5t at ! head1 h[ev]1 be accept$ z ref]r+ to ,habakkuk ! prophet1 ! orig9al is ( c\rse ?r[n back to a mu* e>li] date1 say circ4 #fjj ,b4,c41 & ,hebrew1 n ,aramaic1 w\ld be ! language4 ,b ?is !ory w sc>cely comm5d itself to _m 7cf4 ',*ronology1' p4 #bbc74 ,,lxx4 ,!re seems no reason to d\bt t ,bel & ! ,dragon always =m$ a "p ( ?is ,greek v]sion ( ,daniel4 ,pusey 7quot$ 9 ,*urton1 ,uncan4 & ,apocr4 ,script1 p4 #chi7 speaks ( x z 'contempor>y ) ! ,,lxx1' :ile ,ro?/e9 7,kautzs*1 #agh1 #i7 attributes x to ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 be+ probably ( ! same date z ,susanna4 ,!odotion4 ,?is v]sion may reasonably be assign$ to ! second c5tury ,a4,d4 ,b x has be5 pretty cle>ly %ewn t ,!odotion work$ up "s ,greek v]sion o!r ?an ! ,,lxx4 ,_m ( ! quotations f ,daniel 9 ! ,n4,t41 & especially ^? tn ,revelation 7specifi$ 9 ,d4,c4,b4 art4 ,!odotion1 ,,iv4 #ige;b71 %ew t a v]sion l>gely correspond+ ) 8 exi/$ at ! "t :5 ^! quotations 7 made4 ,! ,book ( ,b>u* also 7same art4 #igf;a7 be>s evid5ce ( ! employm5t ( ?is ,!odotionic gr\nd-v]sion1 ! orig9 ( :i* is at pres5t unkn[n4 ,9 ?is connection comp>e ,pr(4 ,swete's ,introd4 to ,greek ,o4,t4 ed4 #b1 p4 #dh1 & ,s*r]'s po9t$ say+1 quot$ !re 9 note 7#c71 ,entw$] ,?4 selb/ i/ lt] als die ,apo/el1 od] es hat e95 ',?4' vor ,?4 gegeb54 ,!re seems little reason to d\bt t ! unnam$ previ\s v]sion ext5d$ to ?is & ! o!r ,additions to ,daniel4 ,,place4 ,orig9al 7,semitic874 ,babylonia1 or possibly ,pale/9e4 ,! writ]1 says ,bissell on v4 #b1 %ews a famili> acqua9tance ) :at 0 ! probable /ate ( ?+s 9 ,babylon :5 ! ev5t n>rat$ is suppos$ to h occurr$4 ,( ! ?+s m5tion$1 clay is common 9 ,babylonia1 & brass or bronze 0 us$ z a mat]ial = images2 & ! lion 0 an inhabitant ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re is no sign 79 ?is piece7 ( ,hell5ic ?\ght influ5c+ ,jewi% belief1 su* z w\ld h be5 likely to %ew itself 9 a purely ,alex&rian production4 ,! /rong hatr$ ( idolatry is q 9 accordance ) a ,babyloni% orig92 m s p]haps ?an ) an ,alex&rian4 ,cf4 ,j]4 xliv4 #h1 :i* seems to %ew t1 at any rate 9 ! e>ly days ( ! disp]sion 9 ,egypt1 ! sev]ance f idolatry 0 n s %>p z 9 ,babylonia4 ,! m5tion ( pit* 7v4 #bg7 z a readily obta9able commodity is inconclusive1 z /at$ "u ! correspond+ section ( ,"p ,,ii4 ,! possible confusion betwe5 7/orm-w9d7 & 7pit*71 po9t$ out by ,m>%all 9 8 article on ,bel & ! ,dragon 9 ,ha/+s' ,dict41 does n look probable z occurr+ 9 a li/ ( sub/ances ( ?is k9d4 ,,lxx4 ,alex&ria may be pretty c]ta9ly nam$4 ,:at ,bi%op ,we/cott calls an ,alex&r9e h& 7,d4,b4 ,i4 p4 #ddh ed4 #a1 #gad ed4 #b7 has be5 g5]ally deem$ app>5t4 ,s ,bissell says3 ,! cont5ts furni% tol]ably safe evid5ce ( its ,egyptian orig94 ,b ?is does n seem to agree v well ) 8 note on v4 #b1 quot$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,x might h be5 ?\ght t ! weights & measures :i* ent] into ?is /ory 9 v4 #c ( bo? v]sions1 & 9 v4 #bg ( ,,lxx1 w\ld h af=d$ "s valuable local indications4 ,b un=tunately = ?is requirem5t1 ! weights & measures ( ! anci5t _w 7 s mu* assimilat$ z to yield1 9 ! "q be=e u1 no c]ta9 clue4 ,alex&ria too1 be+ a great comm]cial c5tre1 _h become some:at syncreti/ic4 ,z ,p4 ,smi? rem>ks1 9 8 article ,m5sura1 9 ,d4 ,gk4 ,rom4 ,a4 7#ahgb1 p4 #ged;b71 ,! ,roman sy/em1 :i* 0 probably d]iv$ f ! ,greek1 agre$ ) ! ,babylonian bo? 9 weights & measures4 ,x is /at$1 h[ev]1 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 7,,iv4 #iaa;b1 #iac;b7 t & 7 id5tifi$ at ,alex&ria1 9 :i* case !y may h be5 us$ "h z r\gh equival5ts = ! translation ( "s ,semitic words1 su* z & 9 ,isai4 v4 #aj & ,i4 ,k+s xviii4 #cb respectively4 ,! ( v4 #bg is also bo? ,babylonian & ,alex&rian 7see ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 iv4 #ijd;a74 ,! signs1 f ?is s\rce1 ( local orig9 mu/ n !re=e be press$4 ,!odotion4 ,f :at little we "k ( ?is translator's life1 x is n improbable t he made 8 v]sion at ,ephesus4 ,! g5itive =m 9 v4 #bf1 ?\ght to be ,ionic1 may l5d a little support to ?is4 ,cf4 ,heb4 xi4 #cd1 ,rev4 xiii4 #ad1 9 ,a2 ,b "h fail+2 yet x is f\nd 9 ,b1 by ! fir/ corrector1 9 ,/4 ,luke xxi4 #bd4 ,b cf4 ,swete's ,introd4 p4 #cjd4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! use ( 9 v4 #cb 7 only7 = 'slaves' is giv5 by ,deissmann 7p4 #afj7 z an example ( ,egyptian usage4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bi1 ,tob4 x4 #aj1 & else:]e4 ,its use by ,polybius 7m5tion$ )\t ref]5ce by ,deissmann7 does n give u mu* 'local' assi/ance1 = 8 travels 7 s ext5sive t he may h pick$ x up 9 v>i\s places4 ,b its occurr5ce 9 ,rev4 xviii4 #ac may sugge/ t x 0 9 use at ,ephesus also4 ,deissmann 7p4 #aag7 also ?9ks 7v4 #c7 to be an ,alex&rian idiom2 b 9 ! same v]se we f9d ! spell+ 1 :i* is consid]$ by ,liddell & ,scott to be an ,ionic =m4 ,! indications !re=e ( ?is l+ui/ic k9d ne>ly c\nt]balance "o ano!r4 ,,= ,,:om ,,& ,,) ,,:at ,,object ,,writt54 ,?is /ory 0 evid5tly compos$ = ,jewi% use1 n improbably = ,jews :o _h return$ f ! ,captivity1 z a popul> memorial ( ,babyloni% days4 ,& p]haps ! g5]al t5or ( ! piece implies t x 0 writt5 to s]ve1 n s mu* to conv]t idolat]s1 z = ! enc\ragem5t ( ^? :o 7 /riv+1 or _h /riv51 to ma9ta9 ! fai? among ! hea!n4 ,its tone & subject make its composition 9 ! fir/ in/ance = ,babylonian ,jews1 or ,pale/9ian ,jews return$ f captivity1 m likely ?an = _! ,alex&rian bre?r54 ,to ^! latt]1 h[ev]1 x soon f\nd its way4 ,b x is among/ ,*ri/ian p t ?is n>rative has _h its longe/ & deepe/ influ5ce4 ,! m x 0 valu$ by ,*ri/ians ! less x seem$ reg>d$ by ,jews4 ,9 ?is respect its fate 0 simil> to t ( ! entire ,,lxx4 ,a di/9ct moral purpose is n obscurely indicat$ by ! tr5d ( ! :ole /ory4 ,x is n m]ely a record ( two int]e/+ episodes 9 ! prophet's lat] days1 b x also aims at a def9ite religi\s object4 ,t object is to ?r[ contempt on idolatry1 :e!r direct$ to inanimate or animate ?+s2 to hon\r ,daniel z v9dicator ( ! true wor%ip2 & to %ew t ! adoration ( hea!n deities is ly+ & deceptive1 & ought to be supplant$ by t ( ! ,"l4 ,x is evid5tly desir$ to put bo? idols & idolat]s into ridicul\s positions1 n = m]e amusem5t1 b 9 ord] to de/roy ! confid5ce :i* 0 gr\ndlessly plac$ 9 !m4 ,! weapons ( s>casm & contemptu\s treatm5t are us$ ) success1 ev5 z ,elijah employ$ !m on ,baal & 8 wor%ipp]s at an e>li] "t 7,i4 ,k+s xviii4 #bg74 ,a desire to conv]t ! hea!n1 by prov+ ! absurdity ( _! idol-wor%ip1 may be inf]r$ f ! la/ clause ( v4 #bg1 comp>$ ) vv4 #e1 #be4 ,z ! hi/ory ( ,susanna deals ) errors ( ,jewi% practice1 s does ?is writ+ ) ! errors ( hea!nism4 ,! provid5ce ( ,god 9 protect+ ^? :o suff] = ,8 sake is cle>ly inculcat$ 9 ! latt] portion ( ! "w4 ,a s5se ( ?is w\ld1 ) o!r results1 give confid5ce 9 ! fight aga9/ idolatry2 ! m ne$$ because ,bel 0 evid5tly a v popul> deity ) high & l[1 & difficult to dislodge4 ,! frequ5t comp\nd+ ( ',bel' ) prop] names 7,bel%azz> & ,belte%azz>7#fd %ews ! reg>d 9 :i* he 0 held4 ,comp>e ! simil> comp\nd+ ( ',jehovah' among/ ! ,jews4 ,b1 al?\gh ,bel 0 deem$ a b5efic5t deity1 be+1 z ,ges5ius calls him 7s4v4 1 sub 71 'aga?odemon1 omnis felicitatis auctor1' ,daniel does n sp>e him on t acc\nt4 ,?omas ,w9tle#fe sugge/s t ! image 9 *ap4 iii4 0 ,bel1 or "s ( ! ,assyrian deities1 z we may collect f iii4 #ad2 & ,b>-,hebru' notion t ! gift ( ,bel to ,daniel1 9 v4 #bb ( our /ory1 0 9 ord] t he might be rew>d$ by ! gold ) :i* ! image 0 plat$1 agrees well en\gh ) iii4 ,i 7,b]l91 #ahhh1 p4 #bh74 ,! aim is to depict ,daniel1 di/+ui%$ = 8 wisdom & piety1 z ! successful1 ?\gh sorely tri$1 oppon5t ( hea!nism1 & z ! repres5tative ( ! ,liv+ ,god4 ,8 "* to a great ext5t resembles t p\rtray$ 9 ! re/ ( ! "w be>+ 8 "n4 ,x is %ewn h[ he cont9u$ to face & to solve ! difficult problems ( c\rt life 9 ,babylon4 ,& albeit he secur$ no small measure ( fame1 & p]haps ( popul>ity1 at ! "t1 ^! e>?ly results1 9 _! abid+ =m1 x has la9 ) po/]ity to give him4 ,on ! supposition t ,alex&ria 0 ! bir?place ( ! piece1 x has be5 sugge/$ t ! aim ( ! writ] 0 to w>n aga9/ ! s9 ( idolatry "s ( 8 bre?r5 :o _h embrac$ ,egyptian sup]/ition4#ff ,b no special ref]5ce to ,egyptian =ms ( idolatry is app>5t 9 support ( ?is view1 :i* seems bas$ on little m ?an a wi% to fit 9 ! idolatry ) ! !ory ( ! /ory hav+ an ,alex&rian orig94 ,a4 ,s*olz's notion t ! :ole piece is a 'vision' ) allegoric or apocalyptic mean+s only1 & nev] int5d$ to be tak5 z hi/ory1 looks l a wond]fully =c$ hypo!sis1 lay+ a great /ra9 on ! imag9ations bo? ( ! writ] & ! read]4 ,! book hav+ be5 receiv$ z canonical 9 ! ,roman communion1 its cont5ts mu/ at all haz>ds be reconcil$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( t position4 ,yet x is fair to note t ,lu!r1 on o!r gr\nds1 reg>d$ ,susanna & ,bel & ! ,dragon z pretty spiritual fictions1 9 :i* hi/ory mu/ take its *ance 7,zckl]1 p4 #baf74 ,,integrity ,,& ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,text4 ,?is d\ble /ory seems to h be5 treat$ z "o 9 ! ,greek4 ,9 ! ,syriac & ,arabic v]sions ! ,dragon has a sep>ate title 7notic$ 9 ,a4,v4 m>g91 ,"s add ?is title ( ! ,dragon'74 ,! =m]1 /rangely en\gh1 has 'end ( ,daniel' be=e ?is title4 ,& 9 ! ,syro-,*aldee v]sion1 giv5 9 ,midra% ,rabbah de ,rabbah1 ,bel has a subscription1 & ! ,dragon a fre% title 7see ,ball1 #cde;a74 ,9 v4 #bc 77 are want+ z connect+ words 9 ,b1 b ! ref]5ce to ,bel 9 v4 #bh s]ves to consolidate ! two portions ( ! /ory4 ,a & ,q also1 z well z correctors ( ,b1 h an additional clause 9 v4 #bd1 :i* pre-supposes ! =m] portion ( ! piece1 a clause giv5 9 ,a4,v4 & ,r4,v4 ,! ( 9 answ]s ! same purpose4 ,daniel's mock+ tone at ! end ( v4 #bg agrees well ) 8 s5se ( hum\r 9 v4 #g4 ,cyrus' ready compliance1 too1 9 v4 #bf is only acc\nt$ = fully by ! %ock giv5 to 8 idolatr\s beliefs 9 ! ,bel "p ( ! /ory4 ,& s f> ! int]nal evid5ce argues = ! unity ( ! piece4 ,b x is noticeable t ! ,epi/le = ,tuesday aft] ! ,fif? ,sunday 9 ,l5t 9 ! ,s>um & ,roman ,missals consi/s ( ! ,dragon /ory only1 beg9n+ at v4 #bi1 ) "s slight introductory *anges4 ,& ,ga/]'s recov]$ ,aramaic text 7:i* he believes to h be5 ! basis ( ,!odotion's ,greek7 consi/s ( ! ,dragon /ory only4 ,! notion t x _h a sep>ate curr5cy is !re=e1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 support$2 & ?is w\ld /ill be ! case1 ev5 if ,ga/]'s text is n an orig9al1 b a translation4 ,if ,ga/]'s ,aramaic 7 really ! basis ( 's v]sion1 x w\ld foll[ t he did n conf9e himself to mak+ a m]e rec5sion ( ! text1 ?\gh he evid5tly avail$ himself ( x z f> z he ?\ght prop]4 ,x is highly probable t ?is w\ld apply to ! ,bel z well z to ! ,dragon /ory1 al?\gh ! correspond+ ,aramaic ( ! =m] is n at pres5t =?com+4 ,nei!r ! nor 's orig9al text seem to h be5 mat]ially tamp]$ )1 ei!r 9 ! way ( addition or omission4 ,ea* has "s clauses n conta9$ 9 ! o!r3 9 vv4 #i1 #ae1 #ca1 #ci2 9 vv4 #a1 #ab1 #ac1 #cf1 #dj4 ,yet ,we/cott 7,smi?'s ,d4,b4 ,i4 #cig;a1 ed4 #b1 #gad;a7 ?9ks t "s ( 's *anges arose f a desire to give consi/5cy to ! facts4 ,! *ange at ! end ( v4 #bg1 h[ev]1 is h>dly a happy "o1 be+ put imm$iately aft] 1 ?us sugge/+ ! idea t ! latt] drew att5tion to ! fact t he 0 de/roy$4 ,! ,,lxx4 avoid$ ?is4 ,x is rem>kable t ,!odoret1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,daniel1 comm5ts on vv4 #a & #b ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 77 only1 treat+ !m z ! clos+ v]se 7#ad7 ( *ap4 xii41 & introduc+ !m ) ! words1 1 444 ,?is curi\s fact1 comb9$ ) t ( _! omission f ! 1 po9ts to "s arrangem5t ( ! text ) :i* we are n acqua9t$4 ,!odoret also ref]s to ^! same v]ses previ\sly1 9 comm5t+ on *aps4 v4 #c & x4 #a4 ,?\gh he says no?+ ( ! re/ ( ,bel & ! ,dragon1 he %ews1 by 8 ref]r+ 9 ,ep4 cxlv4 7latt] "p7 to ,habakkuk's miracul\s flight ?r\gh ! air1 t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! /ory1 & approv$ ( x4 ,! pr9cipal ,,mss4 available are ,a1 ,b1 ,q1 7vv4 #b--d only71 & f v4 #ba to #da1 :i* has rec5tly re9=c$ our some:at scanty uncial au?orities4 ,! text ( ,a appe>s to h slightly bett] ,greek 7vv4 #i1 #aj1 #ai1 #ba1 #bg72 b ! =m 7occurs 9 ,heb4 xi4 #cd 9 ,a71 if n a slip1#fg seems ,ionic 7,wordswor?'s ,greek ,gram4 #af1 ,obs471 z has be5 already m5tion$ 7',au?or%ip1' p4 #aic71 & might p]haps be acc\nt$ = by 's connection ) ,ephesus4 ,! sub/itution ( = 1 h[ev]1 9 v4 #cd seems no improvem5t1 ,a 9 ?is1 z 9 sev]al o!r in/ances 7vv4 #aj1 #bh1 #ce71 agree+ ) ! read+4 ,tak+1 = conv5i5ce1 ,b z ! norm1 we f9d t ,a's dep>tures f x are some:at l>g] ?an 9 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree4 ,9 v4 #g is add$1 z also 9 ,q1 to ! description ( ,bel's inability to consume food4 ,9 v4 #aa is curi\sly sub/itut$ by ,a = 2 9 v4 #ac = 4 ,bo? ^! are sugge/ive ( c>elessness or ( error ex ore dictantis 7,scriv5]1 ,n4,t4 ,criticism1 ed4 #b1 p4 #aj74 ,9 v4 #cf ! sub/itution ( = is peculi>4 ,! alt]ation ( g5d] 9 v4 #ag1 = 9 its fir/ occurr5ce1 b n 9 its second1 may come "u ! head ( ^? some:at (fici\s corrections ) :i* ! editors ( ,i4 ,macc4 9 ! ,camb4 ,bible = ,s*ools 7p4 #dh7 *>ge ?is ,,ms41 z likewise p]haps ! read+ = 9 v4 #aj4 ,q n unfrequ5tly agrees ) x 9 diff]+ f ,b4 ,x /&s alone1 h[ev]1 9 read+ = 9 v4 #bb1 & 9 omitt+ ! la/ six words ( v4 #da1 p]haps z improbable :5 com+ f ,cyrus4 ,toge!r ) ,a1 x conta9s an additional clause 9 v4 #bd1 putt+ words into ,cyrus' m\? :i* connect ! two /ories toge!r4 1 hav+ vv4 #b--d only1 conta9s no important v>iation4 7only f v4 #ba to v4 #da7 conta9s 9 v4 #bb ! curi\s ^w in/ead ( 4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! text ( bo? v]sions may be said to be 9 z fair condition z 9 ! canonical "p ( ,daniel4 ,,language ,,& ,,/yle4 ,,language4 ,see correspond+ title 9 ,susanna4 ,! indications ( a ,semitic orig9al give ?is fragm5t1 9 t respect1 a middle place betwe5 ! o!r two4 ,less num]\s ?an 9 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 !y are m s ?an 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna1 ?\gh ?is is a %ort] piece ?an t4 ,! non-discov]y by ,orig5 & o!rs ( ,hebrew orig9als 9 _! own day by no means goes s f> z to prove t su* nev] exi/$1 z ,ro?/e9 9 ,kautzs* 7,i4 #agi7 truly says4 ,s9ce ,ga/]'s discov]y ( an ,aramaic text ( ! ,dragon 7n ( ,bel71 ! probability ( a ,semitic r ?an a ,greek orig9al seems /r5g!n$4 ,b see :at ,s*r] ?9ks1 "u ! correspond+ title 9 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree1 z also ( ! ,syriac v]sion at ! end ( ,neubau]'s ,tobit4 ,c4,h4 ,toy1 too1 9 8 article 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopdia1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 says3 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( k x seems bett] to res]ve op9ion z to its antiquity4 ,delitzs*1 at ! end ( 8 ,comm5tatio de ,hab4 proph4 vita atque oetate 7,lips4 #ahdb71 pr9ts 9 ,rabb9ic *>act]s a ,p]sian r5d]+1 ex codice ,p>is-,reg4 judaico-p]sico1 :i* he says ex textu hebraico vel aramaico factam esse1 ex crebris hebraismis patet 7p4 #aje74 ,& on pp4 #bf1 #bg he pr9ts ! ,,lxx f v4 #bh to ! end1 & adds3 ,hc omnia ad v]bum ,hebraico vel ,aramaico translata esse dictionis simplicitas1 /ructura ac tota indoles clamat atque te/atur4 ,b on p4 #da he quotes ! op9ion ( ,pr(4 ,solomon ,munk1 ( ,p>is 7,notice sur ,rab4 ,saadia ,gaon1 p4 #hd71 t ?is ,hebrew text1 translat$ into ,p]sian1 0 itself made by "s ,european ,rabbi f ! ,greek or ,lat9 ,bible4 ,& a simil> orig9 = ,ga/]'s text is n[ ?\ght f> f unlikely4 ,x may be well "h to give a few brief notes on ! sep>ate phrases z !y occur3 v4 #c 4 ,) 1 cf4 ( ,deut4 xxxii4 #bc 7,i w sp5d my arr[s ^u1 etc474 occurs ) & 9 ,n4,t4 ,greek1 b app>5tly n ) 1 nor yet 9 ! canonical ,o4,t4 ,deissmann1 h[ev]1 attempts to %ew t ?is use ( 1 in/ead ( 'dativus commodi1' is an ,alex&rian idiom 7,bible ,/udies1 ,eng4 tr41 ,ed9b4 #aijj1 p4 #abg74 is also us$ 9 ,aramaic 9 ! same s5se 9 ,pahel4 v4 #f 4 ,! same phrase z ! la/ recurs1 inv]t$3 4 v4 #g 4 ,"h ! accusative aft] might be tak5 z fav\r+ a ,greek orig9al1 s9ce = w\ld seem natural 9 a translation ( ,hebrew or ,aramaic4 v4 #g 2 v4 #aa 1 2 v4 #bg 4 ,! occurr5ce ( 9 ^! v]ses sugge/s a r5d]+ ( :i* is us$ sev]al times 9 ! ,aramaic portion ( ,daniel1 :ile x nev] occurs 9 ! vocative 9 ! ,hebrew portion4 ,?is indication1 small ?\gh x be1 incl9es ( c\rse t[>ds an ,aramaic r ?an a ,hebrew orig9al4 v4 #aj 1 4 ,s*olz's sugge/ion t & are translations ( is m probable ?an "s ( 8 ideas1 = x is r5d]$ by bo? ^! words m ?an once 9 ! ,greek ,o4,t4 v4 #ab 4 might be a translation ( or 4 is occasionally r5d]$ by 1 z 9 ,job xxxiii4 #aj1 9 a ho/ile s5se4 ,liddell & ,scott1 h[ev]1 give "o example ( ) 1 & ,arnold an anonym\s "o 9 8 ,greek ,gramm> 7#ahdh1 p4 #bfe74 v4 #ac 4 looks l a translation ( 7or 71 z 9 ,i4 ,k+s x4 #h1 :]e x is s r5d]$4 v4 #ad 4 pres5ts a difficulty "h1 :i* may be solv$ by suppos+ t _h be5 read by mi/ake = 1 a k9d ( error *>act]i/ic ( ! ,,lxx translators4 ,to '%ut' seems m 9 place "h ?an to 'seal1' :i* naturally foll[s lat] 9 ! v]se2 %utt+ fir/1 seal+ second1 seems ! only intelligible ord]4 vv4 #ad1 #bh 2 vv4 #ae1 #cc 4 ,! ( ^! v]ses is sugge/ive ( 9 ! orig9al4 v4 #ah 4 77 has an 'ungreek' look1 & may h be5 a r5d]+ ( 1 z 9 ,exod4 xiv4 #bh4 77 = 77 might acc\nt = ! k+'s 'rejoic+' 9 becom+ 8 'see+' 9 4 v4 #ai 1 4 ,! read+ ( by in/ead ( by may be acc\nt$ = by suppos+ to h be5 sub/itut$ = 1 z sugge/$ 9 ,ha/+s' ,dict4 v4 #bf 1 4 ,! use ( in/ead ( 1 to beg9 a clause signify+ purpose1 is v ,hebraic4 v4 #bg 1 4 ,! +5i\s idea ( ,a4 ,s*olz t & are r5d]+s ( & respectively1 9 ! fir/ case be+ ! article1 & 9 ! second m]ely ! int]rogative p>ticle1 l o!r conjectures on p4 #bjb ( 8 ,comm5t>y1 c h>dly /&4 ,he appe>s to h =gott5 t ! article mu/ n be plac$ be=e a n\n ) a pronom9al suffix4#fh v4 #bh 1 4 looks l a translation ( 7cf4 ,sus4 #bi74 ,9 x is us$ aga9/ ,daniel1 & 9 aga9/ ! k+4 v4 #cc 4 ,delitzs* sugge/s 7p4 #bg7 = ! beg9n+ ( ?is v]se1 ) mu* likelihood4 v4 #cf 4 ,! read+ 9 ,a = may h aris5 f be+ corrupt$ by homoeoteleuton into 1 = :i* ,a has read 4 ,a4 ,s*olz's notion ( expla9+ ?is by ,isai4 xlv4 #a 7:]e is us$1 n 7 is unsatisfactory4 v4 #dj 1 4 ,! attempt to expla9 7,m>%all 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,bel & ! ,dragon7 ! '9 m$io' ( ,vulg4 v4 #ci by a read+ = is n v likely1 s9ce !y d n occur 9 correspond+ clauses4 v4 #db 4 is us$ ( ! k+ "h 9 a good s5se1 9 v4 #bb 9 a bad "o4 ,?is is possibly a r5d]+ ( 9 ! latt] case1 ( 9 ! =m]4 ,! ,greek ( ! writ] is h>dly su* z we %\ld expect1 unless he 0 n>rat+ a /ory :i* _h rea*$ him f a ,hebrew s\rce4 ,! frequ5cy ) :i* v]bs occur v e>ly 9 ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces is a po9t 9 fav\r ( a ,semitic orig9al1 :i* does appe> to h be5 dwelt ^u1 e4g4 vv4 #aa1 #bj 771 & #ad1 #af1 #bb 774 ,x is a matt] ( consid]able nicety to e/imate ! value ( ^! & simil> indications4 ,!y are n decisive4 ,!y tell ) v>y+ =ce ^u v>y+ m9ds2 b !y di/9ctly t5d1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 to increase ! probability ( ! ,greek hav+ be5 gr\nd$ ^u a ,hebrew or an ,aramaic =m ( ! /ory1 ! likelihood ( ! latt] be+ slightly ! /rong]4 ,9 view ( ! introduction ( ,habakkuk into ! /ory ( ! ,dragon1 ,delitzs*'s op9ion z to ! simil>ity ( ,daniel's ,hebrew to ! ,hebrew ( t prophet 7see ,/reane1 ,age ( ,macc4 p4 #bfb7 becomes ( importance4 ,a4 ,s*olz1 too1 is ( op9ion 7p4 #adf7 t ! ,habakkuk title makes = a ,hebrew orig9al1 because ! real prophecy ( ,habakkuk 0 und\bt$ly ,hebrew1 & ?is piece1 :e!r g5u9e or fictiti\s1 w\ld h>dly h be5 app5d$ 9 ano!r language4 ,! ,,lxx v]sion 0 c]ta9ly kn[n to ,!odotion1 s9ce he copies mu* ( x1 yet n q s l>gely z 9 ! ,song ( ! ,?ree4 ,b x is evid5t t he _h o!r docum5ts or traditions to use1 ( :i* he freely avail$ himself2 possibly "s previ\s translation o!r ?an ,,lxx1 z has be5 sugge/$ "u ,susanna 7',date & ,place1' p4 #aad74 ,!re seems no?+ 9 ei!r ,greek rec5sion to imply t ! two p>ts ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 7sep>at$ 9 ,lu!r's v]sion7 are n by ! same h&4 ,x is notewor?y t ! ^w 1 appli$ to ,bel :5 h&$ ov] to ,daniel 7v4 #bb1 71 is us$ ( our ,"l 9 ,acts ii4 #bc1 ^! two be+ its only ,biblical occurr5ces4 ,,/yle4 ,! /yle is t ( simple1 cle>1 & well-told n>rative1 ) v little rhetorical embelli%m5t ab\t x1 yet be>+ some:at ( a dramatic ca/1 l mu* ( ! canonical book to :i* x is app5d$4 ,x is n t$i\s 7?\gh !re is mu* to tell :i* might h be5 easily spun out71 b is brief & spirit$4 ,!re is no?+ sup]flu\s to ! aim ( ! /ory4#fi ,moreov]1 ! n>rative is told 9 su* a way z ev] to be a /ory ( captivat+ int]e/ to ! "y1 be+ full ( movem5t & int]e/+ incid5t4 ,! /yle ( ! composition is mu* m 9 accordance ) ,syrian ?an ) ,alex&rian models4 ,!re is no?+ ( ,hell5i/ic speculation or philosophy1 ?\gh ! subject ( idolatry w\ld h l5t itself to su* treatm5t 7z t ( inju/ice w\ld 9 ,susanna74 ,no figurative or hyp]bolic phraseology is employ$4 ,an idea has be5 reviv$ & ma9ta9$ t ! lions' d5 episode at ! end is a m]e adaptation & embelli%m5t ( t 9 ,dan4 vi4#gj 7,*urton1 #cib2 ,/reane1 #aji1 di/ortions ( ,o4,t4 n>ratives2 ,j4,m4 ,full]1 ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm4 9 loc474 ,?is idea is successfully oppos$ by ,arnald1 :o 7on v4 #ca7 gives ?ree reasons aga9/ x1 & by ,bi%op ,gray 7,introd4 to ,o4,t4 9 loc474 ,delitzs* 7p4 #cj7 calls ?is section ( 's v]sion p>tem dignissimam4 ,attempts to prove ! falsity ( ?is m>tyrdom1 if su* x may be call$1 by fir/ assum+ ! id5tity ( ^! two ev5ts1 treat+ ! latt] z an ornam5tal exagg]ation ( ! =m]1 & !n po9t+ out :at are tak5 = irreconcileable discrepancies1 are beside ! m>k4 ,nor does ! supposition t ! "o night 9 ! d5 7( ,dan4 vi47 0 increas$ to six1 nor t ! detail ( )hold+ ! lions' usual food to %>p5 _! appetites 79 only71 7 add$ = ! purpose ( height5+ ! effect1 c>ry mu* weight4 ,! omission ( ,daniel's spee*1 ) ! detail#ga ( ! angel clos+ ! lions' m\?s 7vv4 #ba1 #bb71 tells 9 ! opposite direction4 ,x is no m necess>y to reckon ^! two d5 episodes z "o ev5t ?an our ,"l's fe$+ ( ! f\r & five ?\s&1 or 8 heal+ ( ! c5turion's s]vant & ! nobleman's son4 ,,religi\s ,,& ,,social ,,/ate4 ,,religi\s4 ,a religi\s feel+1 /rong ?\gh misdirect$1 evid5tly exi/$ bo? 9 k+ & p1 involv+ consid]able exp5diture on objects & places ( wor%ip4 ,x 0 n z to ! propriety ( wor%ip 9 itself1 b ( ! object t[>ds :i* x ought to be direct$1 t ! controv]sy arose4 ,two sorts ( wor%ip 7 9 vogue3-- 7a7 ,bel-wor%ip4 ,z to ! practice ( ?is 9 ,babylon no "q appe>s to be rais$2 he 0 ! supreme god & gu>dian ( ,babylon4 ,! repres5tation ( ,cyrus z a wor%ipp] ( ,bel agrees ) ! acc\nt ( himself 9 ! ,annals ( ,nabu-nahid1 cit$ by ,ball on v4 #d2 & ,sayce 7,temple ,bible1 ,tobit1 p4 #ie7 notes t ! cunei=m monum5ts h %ewn t ,cyrus 0 politic en\gh to con=m to ! religion ( 8 ,babylonian subjects4 ,! unaba%$ effront]y ( ! idol-prie/s 7vv4 #aa1 #ab7 is v *>act]i/ic4 ,see1 h[ev]1 ,blakesley's note on ,h]odot4 ,,viii4 #da4 7b7 ,dragon-wor%ip4 ,?is is n o!rwise kn[n to h exi/$ 9 ,babylonia1 b snake-wor%ip1 :i* may be ! same1 is ass]t$ by ,j4,t4 ,m>%all 7end ( art4 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4474 ,9 support ( ?is x is notewor?y t is id5tifi$ ) 9 ,rev4 xii4 #i1 & t & seem id5tifi$ 9 ,ex4 iv4 #c & vii4 #i4 ,a4 ,kamphaus51 9 ! ,encycl4 ,bibl41 ?9ks t ,gnkel has conclusively %ewn t ! primeval ,babylonian my? ( ! conque/ ( ! *aos-mon/] or ! great dragon ,tiamat by ! god ,m>duk lies at ! root4 ,s ,j4,m4 ,full]1 9 ! ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm41 says t 9 ,babylonian inscriptions deal+ ) ! fall1 a dragon1 g5]ally female1 appe>s4 ,daniel plans 8 s*eme 9 accordance ) ! dragon's kn[n voracity 7,j]4 li4 #cd74 ,! ( ,rev4 xiii4 #d may h be5 sugge/$ by ! dragon-wor%ip "h2 is us$ 9 v4 #bc1 7) dat47 9 v4 #bd 7bo? v]sions74 ,daniel set himself1 9 reply to ! k+1 :o sugge/$ to him ! propriety ( ,bel-wor%ip1 to deta* ! ,babylonians f ^! sup]/iti\s follies1 to int]pret ,god's w 9 ! matt]1 & to free !m f ! s]vice ( idols4 ,yet 8 own "n1 ',belte%azz>1' may h impli$#gb ,bel's exi/5ce2 /ill1 ev5 if x 0 s1 we mu/ rememb] t x 0 n self-assum$1 b giv5 by ! *ief eunu*4 ,! k+'s "q %ews t he misund]/ood ,daniel's "*4 ,x is noticeable1 z a l9k ( connection betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! /ory1 t ,daniel attacks ! =m] sup]/ition1 ,bel1 by disprov+ ! belief 9 ! god's p[]s ( eat+2 & ! latt]1 ! ,dragon1 by de/roy+ ! suppos$ div9ity by means ( :at he ate4 ,z describ$ 9 ! ,greek1 ,daniel's me?od ( de/roy+ ! ,dragon appe>s q inadequate to effect 8 purpose4 ,! +r$i5ts nam$ z compos+ ! ball d n seem capable ( a*iev+ ! result :i* foll[$4 ,b 9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic a diff]5t light is ?r[n ^u ! matt]2 = ! ball is m]ely us$ z a vehicle to conceal %>p tee? emb$d$ 9 x1 s t ! ,dragon might swall[ !m unaw>es1 & su/a9 int]nally a fatal lac]ation4 ,if ?is be accept$ z correct1 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's discussion1 z to h[ su* unlikely +r$i5ts might br+ ab\t a dea? ( ! k9d describ$1 is naturally set aside4 ,s4 ,wilk91 h[ev]1 9 8 edition ( ,br[ne's ,works1 #ahce 7,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ccg71 does n treat ,sir ,t4 ,br[ne's discussion z a s]i\s "o2 b 9 ?is view all w n concur4 ,s*r]1 9 ,hauck's ,dict4 7,i4 #fci71 writes ( ! ,dragon z hav+ be5 sla9 mit unv]dauli*5 ,kit*52 & ,toy1 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopdia1 reg>ds ! iron comb ins]tion z a natural embelli%m5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n at all out ( keep+ ) ,daniel's clev] devices = ! detection ( error1 & looks l a practicable plan4 ,& ,josippon1 quot$ by ,heppn]1 op4 cit4 p4 #cc1 gives a simil> acc\nt ( ! ,dragon's de/ruction1 4 ,! consequ5ce ( ! prophet's triumph 9 ea* case appe>s to h be5 t ! k+ 0 conv9c$ ( ! vanity ( idols mu* m ?an 8 p4 ,& z ,daniel's demon/rations 7 n1 s f> z we see1 made be=e ! g5]al public1 ?is is :at might h be5 expect$4 ,a simil> conviction on ,nebu*adnezz>'s "p1 )\t any spontane\s ass5t ( 8 p1 may be notic$ 9 ,dan4 iii4 #bh--cj1 vi4 #be--bh4 ,a lack ( popul> adhesion to ! k+'s *ange ( m9d w\ld suffici5tly acc\nt = ! e>ly re/oration ( ,bel's temple 7see ',*ronology1' p4 #bbe74 ,9 v4 #ba ! ,,lxx /ates t x 0 ,daniel :o %ew$ ! k+ ! privy doors4 ,?is1 on ! :ole1 has m vraisemblance ?an ! idea ( ,!odotion1 :o /ates t x 0 ! prie/s :o und]took ! task4 ,ball sugge/s t !y did s because !y 7 9 fe> ( _! lives2 b if s1 ?is plan ( sav+ !m1 by mak+ a clean brea/ ( ! matt]1 0 unsuccessful4 ,ano!r religi\s feature %ews itself 9 v4 #bh1 viz4 ! scorn 9 :i* ! ,babylonian zealots held ! ,jewi% religion4 ,x w\ld evid5tly h be5 reg>d$ z a degradation = ! k+ to become a ,jew1 & social w\ld probably "h comb9e ) religi\s gr\nds 9 giv+ =ce to ?is feel+4 ,comp>e ,pilate's contempt ( su* an idea ) reg>d to himself1 z express$ 9 ,/4 ,john xviii4 #ce4 ,grotius propos$ a translation :i* inv]t$ ! phrase 9 su* a way z to make x apply to ,daniel3 ,a ,jew has become k+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n natural 9 ! ,greek1 has no c\nt5ance l5t to x by ! ,aramaic text1 & is cle>ly oppos$ by ! ,syriac m>g9al title z giv5 9 ,swete's manual ,,lxx1 tit4 adp9x4 ut vid4 1 ,syr'mg994 ,cajetanus ,bugati also 7,daniel1 ,milan1 #aghh1 p4 #afb7 ?9ks ,grotius wrong4#gc ,= a simil>ly imag9$ in/ance ( a k+ embrac+ ,judaism1 cf4 ,,ii4 ,macc4 ix4 #ag1 head$ by ,a4,v41 ,antio*us promise? to become a ,jew1 on :i* ,rawl9son notes1 x is extremely improbable t ,epiphanes ev] express$ any su* int5tion1 an op9ion 9 :i* mo/ w agree4 ,! )hold+ ( food1 9 ord] to %>p5 ! lions' appetites 7v4 #cb71 %ews a _s simil> to t :i* direct$ ! sev5fold heat+ ( ! furnace 9 *ap4 iii4 ,! numb]s 9 vv4 #b1 #aj1 etc41 are q 9 keep+ ) ,daniel's use ( symbolic num]ation = purposes ( religi\s tea*+2 & ! zeal display$ aga9/ idolatry is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,jewi% captivity1 z depict$ 9 ! canonical book :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,^! ?ree po9ts1 !re=e1 s f> z !y g1 tell 9 fav\r ( ! religi\s unity ( ! :ole4 ,,social ,daniel appe>s on ! same t]ms ( intimacy ) royalty z 9 ! canonical book1 & speaks 8 m9d a little m freely & intimately p]haps1 z becomes 8 add$ ye>s & exp]i5ce4 ,he /ill acts z a div9e mess5g] to a hea!n k+1 & he successfully unmasks 8 fallacy ( judg+ by appe>ances 9 ! matt] ( ,bel's food4 ,8 laught] 9 vv4 #g1ai1 may h be5 amusem5t at ! k+'s simplicity or at ! prie/s' cunn+1 ! k+'s wra? 9 vv4 #h1 #ba1 be+ compatible ) ei!r4 ,b ?is laught] ( v4 #g only appe>s 9 's v]sion4 ,z 9 ,susanna1 he /&s z ! will+ expos] ( fraud1 intellectually acute z well z morally upright4 v4 #bi has be5 object$ to by ,ball & by ,zckl] z an unlikely mode ( address by ! conqu]$ ,babylonians to ,cyrus _! conqu]or4 ,probably "s tumult\s ris+ took place1 :i* ! k+1 a true ori5tal mon>*1 pacifi$ at ! exp5se ( ,daniel4 ,on su* outbreaks c\rtly polit5ess (t5 vani%es1 & ! tyrant is subject to tyranny4 ,su* an occurr5ce agrees ) ,habakkuk's description ( ! ,*aldees z bitt] & ha/y 7i4 #f71 & 's5seless' & 'absurd' are sc>cely ! t]ms to apply to x4 ,! slaught] ( ! prie/s 7vv4 #bb1 #bh7 is q 9 accordance ) ! practice z %ewn 9 ! canonical *apt]s ii4 & vi4#gd2 also ! de/ruction ( false accus]s 7v4 #db7 ) vi4 #be2 s also ! keep+ ( lions by ! k+2 & s1 too1 ! me?od ( d\ble seal+ 7v4 #aa 1 #ad 2 vi4 #ag74 ,t %\ld be "u ! comm& ( ,daniel 7v4 #ad & ,syr47 is :at w\ld be likely = "o 9 8 position4 ,! t]m is us$ ( himself 9 ,sus4 #de z a page ( sup]ior rank4 ,! idea ( an image be+ made ( m mat]ials ?an "o 7v4 #g7 is p>allel$ 9 ii4 #cb1 #cc4 ,cyrus' c[>dice 9 giv+ up ,daniel to ! ?reat5+ mob is v l ,pilate's 9 deliv]+ up ,*ri/ 7,/4 ,matt1 xxvii4 #bf1 ,/4 ,john xix4 #af74 is us$ 9 ea* case 7v4 #bi 1 #cj & 74 ,simil>1 too1 is ,nebu*adnezz>'s conduct ) ,daniel1 & t ( ,h]od ,antipas ) ,/4 ,john ,bapti/4 ,despotic rul]s are (t5 fright5$ by popul> clam\r4 ,b ,cyrus1 h[ev] weak 9 yield+1 appe>s at ! close ( ! /ory 9 a less odi\s light ?an ,pilate4 ,z 9 ,susanna1 !re is no indication ( rabb9ism 9 ! legal1 religi\s1 or social /&po9ts ( ! /ory4 ,,!ology4 ,! :ole piece makes a mock at idolatry#ge ) a view ( turn+ m5 f false wor%ips to t ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,inde$ ! end ( v4 #e seems an e*o ( ,g54 i4 #a4 ,jehovah's p[] to v9dicate ,himself & ,8 s]vants is ( c\rse also exhibit$1 & ?is 9 contra/ to ! idols1 :o make no resi/ance to _! ov]?r[4 ,he is repres5t$ z ,sole ,sov]eign1 ! only ,god wor?y ( wor%ip1 ) full p[] to deliv] by wond]ful provid5ce ,8 fai?ful p1 :o make _! ackn[l$gm5ts to ,him4 ,h[ev] f> !y may be scatt]$1 ,8 eye is /ill ^u !m2 ,he =sakes n ^? :o seek & love ,him 7v4 #ch74 vv4 #c1 #d1 #ad are quot$ by ,ir5u 7,,iv4 ix4 #a7 to prove t ! "o liv+ ,god 0 ! ,god wor%ipp$ by ! prophets1 z ! ,god ( ! liv+4 ,ev5 ! hea!n k+ is =c$ to confess t ,he is great & unique1 & 79 ,vulg4 only1 v4 #db7 calls ,him ,savi\r1 & desires ! :ole _w to wor%ip ,him4 ,x is notewor?y t ! k+ is repres5t$ z ! p>ty compla9+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 x is 8 "q 7v4 #d7 :i* draws =? f ,daniel 8 practical pro( ( ! vanity ( idols1 inanimate or animate1 culm9at+ 9 ! triumphant exclamation at ! end ( v4 #bg4 ,& ?us ! impo/ure ( idol-wor%ip is reveal$1 z well z ! value ( devotion to ! true ,"l ( all1 by a process comm5c$ 9 ! opposite int]e/4 ,daniel resi/s ! k+'s invitation to wor%ip ,bel1 :i* might h l$ him "u ! ban ( ,deut4 xviii4 #bj 7end7 z speak+ 9 ! "n ( o!r gods4 ,false !ological op9ions are correct$ by ,daniel1 :o n only dissuades f idol-wor%ip1 b p]suades to t ( ! true deity4 ,h5ce ! beautiful appropriat5ess ( 7v4 #ch7 in/ead ( 9 ! correspond+ po9t ( deliv]y 9 ,sus4 #fj 4 ,= ,daniel 0 fight+ = ,god1 :ile ,susanna 0 def5d+ h]self4 ,! "o 0 an active pla9tiff = ,god1 ! o!r a passive def5dant ( h]self4 ,?us ,love 9 ,daniel's case1 ,hope 9 ,susanna's1 has its own special appropriat5ess4 ,9 v4 #e ,daniel claims ,god to be 1 b ,cyrus claims = ,bel to be only 2 9 v4 #bd ,cyrus makes ! same claim = ! ,dragon1 & !n 9 v4 #be ,daniel makes only a l claim = ,god 7an>?r\s71 = ,daniel takes "h ! words out ( ,cyrus' m\?2 9 ! =m] in/ance x 0 vice v]s4 ,! same phrases are us$ by ,d>ius 9 vi4 #bj1 #bf 4 ,?us ! prophet makes a m exclusive claim = ! div9ity ( 8 ,god4 ,9 v4 #f a contra/ is af=d$ ) :at is said ( ,god 9 ,ps4 xvi4 #b 7,p4,b4 aft4 ,vulg4 & ,,lxx71 z ! ,creator :o /ill reta9s p[] ov] liv+ be+s4 ,z 9 ! canonical ,dan4 vi4 #bb 7& 9 ! o!r additions !reto71 s "h an angel int]v5es on behalf ( ! "r1 rescu+ ,god's p]secut$ prophet4 ,a man is employ$ 9 ea* case also to c>ry out ! miracul\s purposes ( ,god4 ,fur!r1 comp>e ! angel help+ ,daniel1 aft] conflict ) ! ,dragon1 ) ,rev4 xii4 #g1 #h4 ,! sudd5 transportation ( ,habakkuk 7v4 #cf7 is p>allell$ by t ( ,/4 ,philip 9 ,acts viii4 #ci by ! ,_s ( ! ,"l4 ,ezek4 viii4 #c1 :i* is pr9t$ z a p>allel 9 ! m>g9 ( ,a4,v4 at iii4 #ab1 #ad ( t book1 may also be comp>$1#gf z well z ,i4 ,k+s xviii4 #ab & ,/4 ,matt4 iv4 ,i4 ,= ! latt] "p ( ?is v]se 7#cf71 b>ely intelligible 9 ! ,greek1 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic gives an excell5t s5se4 ,!re does n seem to be any undue love ( ! m>vell\s or /ra9+ to br+ x into prom95ce4 ,bo? ! /atue & ! ,dragon are de/roy$ by ord9>y means2 & _! false position 9 ! imag9ation ( ! p is unmask$ )\t any resort to ! miracul\s4#gg ,?is elem5t does n ent] into ! /ory till ! rescue ( ! p]secut$ ,daniel1 :o has be5 s zeal\s = ! hon\r ( 8 ,god4 ,?\gh1 ) its two companion pieces1 x has be5 cavill$ at 7n to reckon ,africanus' enquiries7 f ! "t ( ! ,jewi% tea*] :om ,j]ome tells u ( 9 8 preface to ,daniel1 yet ev5 ! mo/ contemptu\s deprecators ( ! ',additions' c f9d little s]i\sly to condemn 9 ! !ology ( ?is /ory4#gh ,consid]+ ! /rong desire :i* has exi/$ 9 "s qu>t]s to *>ge ^! apocryphal books ) griev\s doctr9al error1 ?is fact says mu*4 ,! k ( ,god & ( div9e ?+s is :at w\ld be probable at ! "t x repres5ts1 & is n incongru\s ) ! book to :i* x is app5d$1 nor ) its fell[-app5dices4 ,?is speaks well = its excell5ce & its consi/5cy4 ,,*ronology4 ,! pr9cipal *ronological po9ts1 conc]n+ :i* difficulties h be5 felt1 arise3 7,a7 9 vv4 #a1 #b1 conc]n+ ,a/yages1 ,cyrus1 & ,daniel2 7,b7 9 v4 #bb1 z to ! de/ruction ( ,bel's temple2 & 7,c7 9 v4 #cc1 z to ,habakkuk be+ a contempor>y ( ,daniel4 ,9 connection ) ,a1 x is rem>kable t v4 #a =ms 9 ! ,vulgate ! la/ v]se ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 i4e4 ! la/ v]se ( ,susanna4 ,?is arrangem5t may h be5 made f *ronological reasons1 possibly to escape an app>5t difficulty2 & 9 ! ,,lxx ! v]se is want+ altoge!r4 ,ei!r plan1 ! atta*m5t ( ! v]se to ,susanna1 or its entire omission1 has ! effect ( leav+ ! k+ 9 ?is piece nameless1 & s solves ! imag9$ difficulty ( ,cyrus & ,daniel act+ toge!r z repres5t$4 ,! text comm5t$ on by ,!odoret (f]s ! same solution 9 ano!r =m1 viz4 by transf]r+ v4 #a to ! end ( *ap1 xii41 & s conclud+ ! book4 ,he ?us introduces x3 1 444 ,!odoret comm5ts no fur!r on ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ?\gh 8 rem>ks 9 o!r p>ts ( ! comm5t>y %ew t he fav\rably reg>d$ x4 ,see 8 obs]vations on v4 #ca1 x4 #a4 ,! disappe>ance 9 "o case1 & ! displacem5ts 9 ! o!rs ( ?is v]se1 evid5tly po9t to "s unc]ta9ty 9 e>ly times z to its "r connection4 ,b ! difficulties rais$ z to ?is v]se ev5 :]e x /&s are n s s]i\s z 0 once ?\ght4 ,z ,ball says 9 loc41 ,! cunei=m records h ?r[n unexpect$ light on difficulties :i* 7 ! despair ( bygone g5]ations ( s*ol>s1 & quotes "o :i* makes ,a/yages ! captive ( ,cyrus4 ,j4,h4 ,blunt attempts to %ew1 n v satisfactorily1 t ! k+ ( v4 #b 0 ,d>ius4 ,a note 9 ,hus5be?'s ,d\ay v]sion1 /ill less s1 quietly says ,a/yages1 or ,d>ius6 ,x has also be5 sugge/$1 ) reg>d to ?is & difficulty ,c1 t ano!r ,daniel is "h int5d$1 to be id5tifi$ ) ! ,daniel ( ,ezra viii4 #b 7,bissell74 ,! second difficulty1 ,b1 is rais$ by ! ass]t$ de/ruction ( ,bel's temple 9 v4 #bb4 ,n[ ?is is said n to h be5 de/roy$ till ,x]xes' return f ,greece 9 #dgi4 ,ev5 !n ,h]odotus 7,i4 #ahc7 m]ely says t he 'took' 77 a gold5 /atue1 & slew ! prote/+ prie/2 ,/rabo1 on he>say1 7,,xvi4 #a7 & ,arrian 7,exp4 ,alex4 ,,vii4 #ag71 h[ev]1 ass]t its de/ruction4 ,b ?is =ms a small ob/acle1 unduly magnifi$4 ,suppos+ ,bel's temple to h be5 de/roy$1 z v4 #bb n>rates1 x is f> f improbable t ano!r temple may h be5 rais$ be=e ,x]xes' arrival4 ,! p 7 evid5tly atta*$ to ,bel's wor%ip1 z v4 #bh %ews1 not)/&+ ! conviction ( _! k+ z to ! tru? ( ,daniel's ,god4 ,x is noticeable t ! ,,lxx has no m5tion ( ! temple's1 b only ( ! idol's1 de/ruction2 & t 1 accord+ to ! manuscript ,q1 has n b 9 v4 #bb4 ,a4 ,s*olz ent]ta9s ! /range op9ion t ?is & o!r hi/oric difficulties 7 purposely introduc$ by ! writ]3 ,d] ,v]fass] uns]] ,erzhlung k5nt si*tli* die ,v]hltnisse 9 ,babylon1 und hat se9e ,d>/ellung s e+]i*tet1 dass es e9fa* unmgli* i/1 sie ges*i*tli* zu v]/eh5 7p4 #bai74 ,b ?is is a desp]ate exp$i5t to support 8 view ( ! :ole /ory be+ int5d$ = a 'vision1' & x w\ld be h>d to f9d any p>allel to su* a proce$+ on ! "p ( ! sacr$ writ]s4#gi ,s f> z ,babylon is conc]n$1 !re is no indication ( any?+ b a "t ( peace1 :i* is q 9 accordance ) ! suppos$ p]iod ( ! n>rative4 ,!re is p]haps m difficulty1 ,c1 9 mak+ ,habakkuk ?an 9 mak+ ,cyrus1 a contempor>y ( ! gr[n-up ,daniel4 ,inde$1 ) ! e>li] date =m]ly assign$ to ,habakkuk1 ! difficulty seem$ all b insup]able1 except by po/ulat+ two ,habakkuks or two ,daniels4 ,&1 mu* z x may lack vraisemblance1 ei!r ( ^? suppositions is ( c\rse )9 ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,s ,trapp notes1 r sne]+ly1 on ,hab4 i4 #a3 ,^? apocryphal ,additions to ,daniel1 :i* ei!r are false1 or !re 7 two ,habakkuks2 & ,j4,h4 ,blunt1 m s]i\sly1 to a simil> effect on ,hab4 i4 #a & ,bel #cc4 ,josippon b5 ,gorion 7,i4 #g7 jo9s ! :ole /ory ) ! canonical hi/ory1 b1 z giv5 by ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 p4 #dj71 transposes1 presumably f *ronological motives1 ! d5 incid5t to ! beg9n+ ( ! /ory1 9 ord9e *ronologico iudaic traditioni de ,habacuci tate se accommodantem4 ,josippon1 ar\nd :om consid]able obscurity hangs1 is dat$ z ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury 9 ! ,biog4 ,univ4 art4 ,gorionides1 ,p>is1 #aheg2 b 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art ,bel & ! ,dragon1 p4 #bfg;b1 c4 ,a4,d4 #idj is giv5 z 8 "t4 ,habakkuk's prophecy is n[ dat$ z late z #fjj 7,driv] 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,habakkuk2 ,kirkpatrick 9 ,smi?'s ,d4,b4 art4 ,habakkuk1 #abef;b1 says n lat] ?an ! six? ye> ( ,jehoiakim72 & if ,habakkuk prophesi$ 9 8 y\?1 our /ory is n an impossible "o4 ,s ,cornelius ,jans5 7,analecta1 p4 #aed71 ,quapropt] nihil ob/abit quo m9us idem ,habacuc iam s5ex pr&ium 9 ,babylonem detul]it1 & he quotes a tradition ( ,isidore ,hispal5sis 7de vit4 ,proph47 t ,habakkuk liv$ to see ! return f ! ,captivity1 & two ye>s aft]4 ,ros5mll]1 quot$ 9 a note on ,hab4 i4 #a by ,maur] 7nei!r ( :om 7 too p>tial to traditional views71 ?9ks t ! "t ( ,habakkuk is consi/5t ) ! vetus fama 9 apocryphis ,danielis additam5tis4 ,he ev5 places *ap4 iii4 ( ,habakkuk "u ,z$ekiah1 ?\gh ) ?is ,maur] does n agree 7cf4 ,h5d]son1 ,m94 ,proph41 ,introd4 to ,hab474 ,jamieson1 ,br[n1 & ,faussett 9 _! ,comm5t>y1 ,introd4 to ,hab4 7#ahfi71 by no means incl9$ to fav\r ! ,apocrypha1 say t ,bel & ! ,dragon agrees ) ! notion ( ,habakkuk prophesy+ 9 ,jehoiakim's reign4 ,g4,a4 ,smi?1 h[ev]1 9 8 ,book ( ! ,twelve ,prophets1 #aijj1 ,,ii4 #acj1 cont5ts himself ) call+ x an extraord9>y /ory ( ,habakkuk's miracul\s c>riage ( food to ,daniel 9 ! lions' d51 soon aft] ,cyrus _h tak5 ,babylon4 ,b ,a4,c4 ,j5n+s1 9 ,bi%op ,ellicott's ,comm4 = ,engli% ,read]s1 ,introd4 to ,hab41 pp4 #ebc--e1 says3 ,! /ory1 wor?less 9 itself1 nev]!less1 indirectly confirms ! !ory ( date :i* we h accept$ bel[ 9 ^! words1 ,habakkuk's prophecy dates f ! reign ( ,jehoiakim1 n m ?an five ye>s at mo/ be=e ! battle ( ,c>*emi%--h[ mu* ne>] t great ev5t x is impossible to say4 ,dean ,f>r> also curi\sly obs]ves1 ,habakkuk's appe>ance 9 apocryphal leg5d 7vv4 #cc--ci7 %ews ! impression he _h made on ! m9d ( 8 p1 & p]haps indicates 8 date z a contempor>y ( ,daniel4 7,m9or ,prophets 9 ',m5 ( ! ,bible' s]ies1 n4d41 p4 #afj74 ,ano!r in/ance ( belief 9 ! contemporaneity ( ,daniel & ,habakkuk is af=d$ by ,raymund ,m>t9i 7c4 #abej7 9 8 ,pugio fidei 7,p>is1 #afea1 p4 #gdj73 ,habacuc v]o ,prophetam fuisse contemporaneum ,danieli inde colligitur ubi 9 ,b]es*it ,rabba hoc modo scribitur de ,joseph1 he says be=e quot+ a long passage f ! ,b4,r4 on ,g54 xxxvii4 #bd4 ,?is passage is none o!r ?an a portion ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 9 ,*aldee1 & is head$ )\t res]ve z 4 ,x proce$s ) v4 #bh to ! end3 4 ,!n foll[s a ,lat9 translation1 aft] :i* ,m>t9i adds ,hucusque traditio1 &1 aft] quot+ ,hab4 i4 #f1 f9i%es 8 "w4 ,m>t9i's good fai? 9 quotation is def5d$ by ,neubau] 9 8 ,*aldee ,tobit 7,oxf1 #ahhh1 xviii4 to xxiv474 ,he also id5tifies ! ,bre%i? ,rabbah quot$ ) ! ,midra% ,rabbah de ,rabbah4 ,! real ,bre%i? is probably z e>ly z ! #d? c5tury2 b nei!r 9 ! ,v5ice edition ( #aeff1 nor ! ,leipzig "o ( #ahfd1 is ! passage to be f\nd "u ,g54 xxxvii4 ,cf4 ,payne-,smi?'s note1 z to ,m>t9i's quotations1 9 ,pe>son on ! ,cre$1 ,oxf4 #ahgj1 p4 #cjf1 :]e x is %ewn t by ,bre%i? ,rabbah ! book by ,moses ,hadd>%an 7( ! #aa? c5tury7 is sometimes meant4 ,e!ridge /ates t only fragm5ts ( ?is book are extant 7p4 #djf74 ,delitzs* 7de ,habacuci ,proph4 vita atque tate1 ,lips4 #ahdb1 p4 #cd7 also def5ds ,m>t9i's s9c]ity1 & says ,non dubito =e1 ut fragm5tum a ,raymundo nobiscum communicatum aliqu&o 9 antiquis ,g5esis ,rabba ,codd41 qui sane r>issimi sunt1 inv5iatur4 ,! fact incid5tally br\ght out 9 ! /ory t ,habakkuk 0 n engag$ 9 reap+1 b 0 occupi$ 9 tak+ out food = ! reap]s1 fits 9 well ) ! idea ( 8 advanc$ age4 ,su* a task might well be und]tak5 by "o :o 0 no long] /rong en\gh = field lab\r4#hj ,all ^! difficulties w\ld1 on o!r gr\nds1 be depriv$ ( mu* ( _! importance by ! !ory ( ,a4 ,s*olz1 if t c\ld be accept$ z true4 ,he reg>ds ! entire book ( ,daniel1 includ+ ( c\rse ! ,additions1 z a s]ies ( apocalyptic visions 7p4 #bja74 ,?is he consid]s z ! e>lie/ explanation1 support$ by ! head+ to ea* *apt] ( ,daniel 9 ,a & "s o!r ,,mss4 ,b :ile remov+ "o set ( difficulties1 ?is !ory introduces o!rs ( a "* at lea/ z s]i\s2 & x is by no means easy to conv9ce oneself t !re is an apocalyptic tone ab\t ?is or ! o!r ,additions4 ,?is rem>kable !ory cuts1 r ?an unties1 su* knots z are above not$1 & c>ries ) x to mo/ m9ds a /range & improbable air4 ,,canonicity4 ,:at is said z to ,susanna on ?is po9t holds almo/ entirely good "h4 ,bo? pieces h be5 call$ 9 "q on ne>ly ! same gr\nd1 & h /ood or fall5 toge!r4 ,possibly ?is "o pres5ts r m difficulty 9 "s ( its details4 ,x is (t5 includ$ 9 ,scripture li/s "u ! title ,daniel2#ha & is (t5 quot$ 9 ! same mann]1 e4g4 by ,/4 ,cyprian1 ad ,=tunatum1 #aa1 ,daniel1 ,deo devotus sancto spiritu pl5us exclamat et dicit1 v4 #d4 ,! quotations giv5 "u ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature & ,art' w %ew h[ /rong a hold ?is /ory _h 9 _m qu>t]s1 & :at use 0 made ( x4 ,pseudo-,a?anasius1 9 8 ,synops4 ,s4,s41 m5tions ! /ory at ! end ( ,section #da z includ$ 9 ,daniel1 b he does n "n x at ! close ( ! ,synopsis z be+ outside ! canonical books1 z he does 9 ! case ( ,susanna4 ,! writ] ( ,de ,mirabilibus ,script4 ,sacr41 (t5 atta*$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e's works 7,migne1 ,patr4 lat4 ,,xxxv42 ,b5$ict1 ed4 appx4 to ,vol4 ,,iii471 expressly decl>es aga9/ its canonicity4 ,?is treatise is ?\ght to h be5 compos$ 9 ,engl& or ,irel& 9 ! #g? or #h? c5tury 7,loisy1 ,o4,t4 p4 #aed74 ,! hesitation ( ! e>li] ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 f\nd no c\nt]p>t 9 ! canoniz+ decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ,prote/ant op9ion has run almo/ entirely aga9/ canonicity4 ,diametrically opposite views are /eadily ma9ta9$ by au?orities on bo? sides2 al?\gh among ,engli%-speak+ ,prote/ants !re is p]haps a decrease 9 ! contempt ) :i* ?is /ory 0 once treat$4 ,among ! ,syriac-us+ ,*ri/ians ( ! ,malab> coa/1 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ) ! o!r additions1 is reckon$ z "p & p>cel ( ! book ( ,daniel 7,lett] to pres5t writ] ( ,aug4 #h1 #aijb1 f ,rev4 ,f4,v4,j4 ,giv>gese1 ,pr9cipal ( ,m> ,dionysius ,sem9>y1 ,kottayam74 ,b>-,hebru1 too1 comm5ts on x1 b says at ! head ( 8 rem>ks t "s d n receive ?is /ory 7op4 cit4 p4 #bg74 ,! _m1 resemblances & co9cid5ces betwe5 ?is & ! canonical book po9t$ out "u o!r heads 7',language & ,/yle1' ',religi\s & ,social ,/ate1' etc47 ( c\rse tell1 s f> z !y g1 9 its fav\r4 ,s*rad] 7,s*5kel's ,bibel ,lex4 #ahfi1 art4 ,habak4 p4 #eef7 classes ,bel & ! ,dragon ) pseudo-,epiphanius' & ,rabb9ic leg5ds ( ! same tale1 z re9e ,fabeln und ,leg5d5 zu erk5n54 ,?is seems too positive an op9ion ( _! untru/wor?9ess4 ,x is agre$ )1 h[ev]1 by ,orelli 7,introd4to ,hab41 ,cl>ke's ,transl471 :o /yles ,bel & ! ,dragon1 or at lea/ ! ,habakkuk incid5t 9 x1 an idle /ory4 ,a4,b4 ,davidson also 7,encyclop4 ,brit4 ed4 #i1 ,,ii4 #aha7 writes ( x z be+ completely fabul\s2 & ,ewald speaks ( ! episode ( ,habakkuk z an example ( an unhi/oric _s1 gr[+ rapidly & dang]\sly 7v4 #dhg74 ,cloquet's plea t non-canonicity is 'prov$' 7,,xxxix ,arts4 #ahhe1 pp4 #aab1 #aac7 by six days be+ nam$ "h1 & "o day 9 ! canonical book1 z ! l5g? ( ,daniel's inc>c]ation 9 ! d51 is beside ! m>k4 ,x assumes = controv]sial purposes t ! two passages mu/ ref] to ! same ev5t4 ,?is writ] also speaks g5]ally 7p4 #aae7 ( ,bel & ! ,dragon's direct contradictions ( ,scripture4 ,su* /rictures are only wor? notic+ z specim5s ( _m in/ances 9 :i* possible discrepancies betwe5 canonical & uncanonical books are treat$ by a p>ticul> class ( writ]s z c]ta91 9 ! hope ( depreciat+ ! latt]4 ,^! are sometimes attack$ ) extreme viol5ce z full ( fables1 sup]/itions1 & impieties--apocryphal 9 ! wor/ s5se4 ,b !y des]ve to be sav$ f ?is unm]it$ contempt1 indulg$ 9 usually = polemical purposes1 & only r5d]$ possible by an insuffici5t /udy ( ! works !mselves & ! _m admirable po9ts :i* !y conta94 ,our own ,*ur* indulges 9 no ra% or sweep+ ass]tions1 b foll[s ! gold5 mean4 ,%e /ates 9 ,art4 ,,vi4 h] pres5t practical view ( ?is & ! o!r ,additions 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! ,apocrypha4 ,:ile n mak+ any special doctr9e to turn ^u an apocryphal text1 %e directs ! p]usal ( ?is1 ) ! o!r books ( its class1 = purposes ( practical edification4 ,9 s+ul>ly gu>d$ & cauti\s t]ms %e is c>eful n to commit h]self to any?+ m ?an a /atem5t ( h] au?oriz$ practice4 ,?us %e has n clos$ ! door1 z ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t is suppos$ to h done1#hb aga9/ ! entry ( fre% k1 ) its correspond+ *anges ( view or modifications ( usage4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art ,,lit]ature4 ,! foll[+ examples f primitive ,*ri/ian writ+s be> m or less directly ^u ?is book4 ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,comp>e ,b4,v4,m4's words 9 ,/4 ,luke i4 #ch ) ,daniel's at ! end ( v4 #i1 4 ,) ,john xviii4 #ce comp>e ,bel #ch1 & 1 z to a ,g5tile be+ tak5 = a ,jew4 ,moreov] ! phrase 9 ,acts xvii4 #bc is v l a rem9isc5ce ( ,bel #bg1 1 end4 ,b ,a4 ,s*olz's idea t our ,"l's words 9 ,john x4 #i are bas$ on vv4 #c1 #f1 #ac has little likelihood3 geg5stzli* s nahe v]w&t1 dass 9 d5 ,evangelium d>auf ,bezug g5omm5 se9 knnte 7note on v4 #ac74 ,,ir5,,u 7#bjj7 9 ,,iv4 ix4 #a quotes vv4 #d1 #e1 #bd1 z com+ f ,daniel1 app>5tly )\t ! smalle/ misgiv+4 ,8 quotations accord ) z aga9/ 1 v4 #d be+ ! same 9 bo?4 ,z ,s*r] says 9 ,hauck's ,encyclopdia 7,i4 #fdj73 ,ir5u b5uzt die ,ueb]setzung des ,!odotion und s alle ,folg5d54 ,b see "u ,cyprian4 ,,clem5t ,,( ,,alex&ria 7#bbj7 ref]s1 ,/rom4 ,i4 #ba 7middle1 ed4 ,pott]1 ,oxf4 #agae71 among a *a9 ( hi/oric ev5ts1 to ! clos+ sc5e 9 ?is piece3 1 #hc 1 4 ,,t]tullian 7#bdj74 ,9 de ,jejun4 ,,vii4 7end7 ref]5ce is made to vv4 #ce--ci2 & 9 ,,ix4 ! /ory is aga9 m5tion$4 ,9 de ,oratione1 #bi1 he quotes vv4 #cc1 #cd1 seem+ly ) full acceptance4 ,9 de ,idol4 ,,xix4 he says t ,daniel nec ,belum nec draconem col]e4 ,,orig5 7#bed74 ,besides ! "q dealt ) 9 8 controv]sy ) ,julius ,africanus1 ,orig5 9 ! ,fragm5t ( 8 ,/rom1 bk4 ,x4 exp\nds ,bel4 ,he also quotes x 9 8 ,exhort1 ad m>tyrium1 #cc4 ,,cyprian 7#beh7 9 ad ,=tunatum1 #aa1 quotes v4 #e1 app>5tly foll[+ a translation ( ! 1 & n ( 's1 text4 ,! same v]se is aga9 quot$ by him 9 ,ep4 lviii4 #e 9 exactly ! same words4 ,x is curi\s t bo? passages are prec$$1 9 ! same sections1 by a quotation ( ,dan4 iii4 #af--ah1 app>5tly bas$ on 's v]sion4 ,9 ! case ( v4 #e 9 ,ep4 lviii4 !re is a slight v>iation 9 ! read+s ( "s ,,mss4 z giv5 by ,h>tel4 ,cf4 ,pr(4 ,swete's ,introd4 #aijb1 p4 #dg4 ,,pseudo-,,cyprian 7#crd c5tury87 gives p>ts ( vv4 #cg1 #ch1 9 ,oratio ,,ii4 #b1 foll[+ a little m closely ?an 4 ,,pass+ ,,( ,,m>y 7#crd or #d? c5tury1 see ,d4,c4,b41 ,m>y1 #aadb;b74 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,lat9 =m vv4 #cc--ci are cle>ly ref]r$ to4 ,,a?anasius 7#cgc7 9 8 ,disc\rse aga9/ ,arians1 ,,ii4 #h1 quotes v4 #e z words ( ,daniel1 :i* he also ref]s to 9 ,,iii4 #cj4 ,,ephrem ,,syrus 7#cgh74 ,9 ! hymn de ,jejunio !re is1 accord+ to ,t4,j4 ,lamy 7,me*l91 #ahhf71 a ref]5ce to ,bel & ! ,dragon1 cum ,daniel jejunavit4 ,,gregory ,,nazianz5 7#cij7 9 8 poetical ,prcepta ad ,virg9es has ! l9e1 speak+ ( ,daniel1 4 ,,ambrose 7#cig71 9 8 ,comm5t>y 9 ,ep4 ad ,rom4 ,i4 #bc1 writes1 ,colu]unt et s]p5tem draconem quem occidit ,daniel1 homo dei 7,basel1 #aebg1 ,,iv4 p4 #gfh74 ,,*ryso/om 7#djg71 ,9 ,danielem1 cap4 ,,xiii4 7,,xiv47 comm5ts on ,bel & ! ,dragon z "p ( ! book1 seem+ly )\t res]ve or alt]ation ( tone4 ,,prud5tius 7#daj71 9 8 ,ca!m]9on1 ,,iv41 has sev]al v]ses on ! d5 episode1 ( :i* ?is is "o3 ,c]nit =te procul dapes ineuntas ,quas messoribus ,habakkuk propheta ,agre/i bonus exhibebat arte4 ,,j]ome 7#dbj71 ?\gh exclud+ ?is & ! o!r ,additions f ! canon1 accord+ to :at he writes 9 8 preface to ,daniel1 v]u anteposito easque jugulante subjecimus1 reta9s x 9 8 ,bible4 ,9 8 ,onoma/icon de ,nom9ibus ,hebraicis he includes "u ,daniel1 ,a/yages1 ,bel1 ,ambacum1 )\t di/9ction f ! re/ ( ! names 9 ,daniel4 ,b = ?is la/ "w he 0 *iefly indebt$ to ,eusebius1 4 7,d4,c4,b4 ,,ii4 #ccf;a74 ,,hesy*ius ,,( ,,j]usalem 7#dch71 9 8 on ! ,,xii prophets1 says ( ,habakkuk t1 :e!r he 0 ! same ,habakkuk z an angel c>ri$ to ,babylon1 4 ,,!odoret7#deg71 t[>ds ! close ( ,ep4 ,,cxlv41 quotes v4 #cf ) cle> belief 9 ! miracle4 ,he also comm5ts on vv4 #a1 #b z if =m+ v4 #ad ( ,dan4 xii42 & !n ceases4 ,we see1 !n1 t ! m ?an respectful ref]5ces to ?is piece 9 ! writ]s ( anci5t ,*ri/5dom1 if n q s frequ5t z ! citations ( ! ,song & ( ,susanna1 are /ill num]\s & cle>4 ,,art4 ,?is apocryphal tract has af=d$ two fairly popul> subjects = arti/ic illu/ration1 viz41 ,daniel de/roy+ ! dragon1 & ,daniel & ,habakkuk 9 ! lions' d54 ,daniel de/roy+ ! ,dragon is a subject repres5t$ on glass f ! catacombs 7,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,glass1 p4 #gcc;a74 ,g>rucci 7,vetri1 ,,xiii4 #ac7 has a glass vessel 9 :i* ,*ri/ is repres5t$ ) ,daniel1 :o is giv+ cakes to ! dragon 7,d4,c4,a4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,repres5tations (1 p4 #hgg;b74 ,9 ,paganism 9 ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ! same ,diction>y 7p4 #aece;a71 x is said1 ,h]cules fe$+ ! fabl$ dragon ) cakes ( poppy-se$ appe>s to h furni%$ ! motive = ! repres5tation ( ! apocryphal /ory ( ,daniel kill+ ! dragon at ,babylon4 ,presumably ?is means ! dragon ,ladon 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides4 ,b ! connection betwe5 ! two dragon episodes ( ,h]cules & ,daniel seems a little difficult to e/abli% by indisputable evid5ce4 ,9 ,walt] ,l[rie's ,*ri/ian ,art & ,ar*ology 7,lond4 & ,new ,york1 #aija1 p4 #cfc7 is a woodcut ( a fragm5t ( gold glass1 ) ,daniel slay+ ! ,dragon4 ,?is is correctly describ$ on p4 #bji1 b is wrongly entitl$ "u ! figure itself1 z ',daniel slay+ ,bel4' ,! picture is said to be tak5 f ,g>rucci1 ,/oria dell' ,arte1 b no fur!r ref]5ce is giv54 ,on p4 #cfe ( ,l[rie's book is a small] sc5e ( ! same 9 glass1 aga9 ) an errone\s description on p4 xxi4 z ,daniel & ,bel4 ,no dates are sugge/$ = ! above pieces ( glass1 b !y appe> to be v anci5t4 ,9 ! ,vatican cemet]y a repres5tation ( ,daniel's de/ruction ( ! dragon has be5 f\nd on a s>cophagus2 nor is ?is a solit>y in/ance4 7,see ,o4,t4 9 ,art1 ,d4,c4,a4 p4 #adei;a47 ,& on ! s\? side ( ! ,angel ,*oir 9 ,l9coln ,m9/]1 among a s]ies ( sculptures 9 ! sp&rils ( ! tri=ium ar*es1 occurs a figure1 describ$ by ,cock]ell1 ! ar*itect1 z t ( ! ,angel ( ,daniel1 ) a mon/] "u 8 feet1 deem$ to be ! old ,dragon 7,ar*ol4 ,in/itute's ,memoirs ( ,l9coln1 ,lond4 #ahej1 p4 #bbb74 ,habakkuk ) ! loaves (t5 appe>s 9 repres5tations ( ! lions' d5 7,o4,t4 9 ,art1 #adei;a74 ,9 fact !re is reason to ?9k t ?is apocryphal sc5e 0 at lea/ z frequ5tly repres5t$ z ! correspond+ canonical "o2 e4g4 on a s>cophagus at ,rome figur$ 9 ! frontispiece to ,burgon's ,lett]s f ,rome1 ?\ght by him to be ( ab\t ! #e? c5tury 7p4 #bdd74 ,!re is also a woodcut ( ?is 9 ,d4,c4,a4 art4 ,sculpture1 p4 #ahfh4 ,a s>cophagus ( ! #d? c5tury also1 l ,burgon's1 9 ! ,lat]an ,museum 7?\gh n1 x w\ld seem1 id5tical7 is m5tion$ 9 ,w4 ,l[rie's ,art & ,ar*ology1 p4 #bfj1 z c>v$ ) ! same subject ( ,daniel & ,habakkuk4 ,9 ,bohn's edition ( ,didron's ,*ri/ian ,iconography 7,lond4 #ahhf1 ,,ii4 #baj7 !re is a woodcut ( a m9iature 9 ! ,speculum hum4 salv4 7circ4 #acej71 9 ! libr>y ( ,"l ,col]idge1 portray+ ,daniel among ! lions4 ,! appe>ance ( ,habakkuk guid$ by ! angel 9 ! backgr\nd1 c>ry+ food1 id5tifies ! sc5e ) ,bel & ! ,dragon1 & n ) ! hi/ory ( ,dan4 vi4 ,ev5 9 repres5tations ( ?is1 ! canonical d5-sc5e1 x is notewor?y h[ (t5 ,daniel is %[n 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 al?\gh all m5tion ( ?is is conf9$ to v4 #dj ( ! apocryphal /ory4 ,x is a little rem>kable t ,daniel's dramatic disclosure ( ! prie/s' trick 7v4 #ba7 has n1 s f> z ! writ] is aw>e1 comm5d$ itself to arti/s4 ,! a%-/rewn floor ( ,bel's temple1 ! tell-tale footm>ks1 & ! emotions ( exultation & surprise on ! face ( ,daniel & ! ,k+ respectively1 ) a possible introduction ( ! detect$ impo/ors at ! side1 might make1 9 capable h&s1 a v effective picture4 ,,example ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,mann]s4 ,! :ole /ory1 9 addition to prov+ ! vanity ( idols1 %ews h[ ,god wat*es ov] ! fate ( ^? :o bravely dis*>ge 8 "w2 :ile idolat]s & p]secutors meet ) puni%m5t4 ,religi\s fraud1 deceit "u mask ( piety1 is dealt ) v sev]ely4 ,retribution is n to be escap$4 ,ev5 ,j4,m4 ,full] 7,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm4 ,introd471 :o reg>ds ! /ory z ess5tially apocryphal1 admits an edify+ elem5t4#hd4 ,?is elem5t might p]haps be us$ ) advantage m ?an x is by mission>ies to idolatr\s peoples4 ,! sordidness & trick]y ( hea!n prie/s#he is contra/$ ) ! uprightness & s+le-m9d$ devotion ( ,daniel4 ,8 ,god moreov] deliv]s him1 b _! gods d n deliv] !m4 ,! ,bel ( ?is hi/ory is z dumb z ! ,baal ( ,i4 ,k+s xviii42 _! names & *>act]s q agree4 ,! once fl\ri%+ temples ( iniquity are conspicu\sly br\ght to n\ght1 af=d+ a lesson ( confid5ce & pati5ce to ^? :o fe> ! ,"l4 ,?us ! angry oppon5ts1 :o made c]ta9 ( slay+ ,daniel1 7 disappo9t$1 & judgm5t quickly ov]took !m4 ,) v4 #f ,arnald1 9 loc41 f9ely contra/s ! ,p4,b4,v4 ( ,ps4 xvi4 #b--! ,god :o 0 e/imat$ by ! am\nt ( provisions he consum$1 & ! ,god to :om e>?ly goods 7 no?+4 ,b ! ,hebrew w h>dly be> ! ,p4,b4,v4 r5d]+4 ,! "* ( ,daniel1 )\t fe> or reproa*1 is n out ( keep+ ) t display$ 9 ! canonical book1 & 9 ! companion /ory ( ,susanna4 ,he af=ds an example (3 7a7 ,c\rage 9 8 fe>less attacks ^u idolatry1 attacks :i*1 z ! ev5t prov$1 c\ld n be indulg$ 9 ) safety4 ,he faces t]rible crises at mu* p]sonal risk1 ) decision & abs5ce ( self-di/ru/1 z 9 ! canonical *apt]s & 9 ,susanna4 ,he boldly def5ds 8 religion :5 x is call$ 9 "q1 & ou/s rival wor%ips4 7b7 ,resi/ance to temptation 9 refus+ to wor%ip z ! k+ wi%$4 ,no half compliance is sugge/$1 su* z wor%ipp+ ,bel & ,god toge!r4 ,obs]ve h[ he claims = ,god to be 1 :ile ,cyrus only claims = ,bel to be 7vv4 #e1 #f1 71 z notic$ "u ',!ology4' 7c7 ,wisdom1 '( ! s]p5t1' 9 8 plan = detect+ fraud1 & 9 8 skill & v]satility 9 *oos+ suitable means = unveil+ ea* k9d ( impo/ure2 ( :i* ano!r /rik+ in/ance occurs 9 ,susanna4 ,he 0 a man ( "r und]/&+1 cle> insight1 & practical sagacity1 z %ewn by 8 me?ods ( deal+ ) oppos+ =ces1 moral or physical4 ,z a man ( great res\rce he rapidly adapts himself to fre% conditions4 7d7 ,endurance ( p]secution = righte\sness' sake4 ,"o trial ov]come1 a yet great] pres5ts itself2 b ) unfl9*+ con/ancy he faces x & passes unh>m$1 ,ps4 lvii4 #c1 #d4 7e7 ,p]sev]ance1 9 n re/+ ^u 8 laurels1 won ov] ,bel1 b proce$+ aga9/ ! ,dragon4 ,8 promptitude ( res\rce is n m]e ra%ness1 b is comb9$ ) /eady det]m9ation 9 pursu+ 8 task4 ,z an active & dilig5t work] he is f>-sight$ & firm ( purpose4 7f7 ,gratitude4 ,on receiv+ ,habakkuk's visit he at once ackn[l$ges ,god's fai?fulness1 & addresses himself to ! great ,fir/ ,cause imm$iately 7v4 #ch71 z ! ev]-wat*ful %ap] ( ev5ts4 7g7 ,m9dfulness ( fai? & duty1 by be+ ev] =emo/1 ev5 9 association ) a hea!n k+ ^: eyes he op5s & to :om he acts z a mission>y1 9 %ew+ hatr$ ( falsehood & love ( tru? 7z 9 ,susanna74 ,abs5ce ( selfi%ness & will+ness to und]take responsibility are manife/$4 7h7 ,dis9t]e/$ s]vice ( ,god 9 cle>+ away two great ob/acles to 8 wor%ip4 ,8 aims are realis$ )\t any trace ( self-aggr&isem5t2 = ^? aims are direct$ to 8 ,mak]'s r ?an to 8 own glory4 7i7 ,pleasure 9 ,god's s]vice4 ,! tone ( ! :ole /ory implicitly conveys ! idea t ,daniel enjoy$1 & 0 happy 9 ! a*ievem5t ( ^! works1 because !y 7 design$ to hon\r ,god & to b5efit man4 ,?us he f9ds 8 tasks ?or\ghly int]e/+ & cong5ial4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,daniel's "* is 9 contra/ ) t ( ev]yone 9 ! /ory1 except ,habakkuk4 ,p] contra1 ,daniel might p]haps be accus$ ( cruelty 9 8 me?od ( slay+ ! dragon1#hf especially z describ$ 9 ,ga/]'s ,aramaic1 & by ,josippon b5 ,gorion1 giv5 by ,arnald1 9 loc41 f ,seld54 ,9 ,habakkuk we see ob$i5ce to a div9e comm&1 app>5tly impossible ( execution1 = :i* ! way is sudd5ly made pla94 ,he becomes in/rum5tal 9 alleviat+ su* a /ate ( affairs z he deplores 9 i4 #d ( 8 ,prophecy3 = ! wick$ do? compass ab\t ! righte\s1 etc4 ,s 9 ! hymn ,w>um betrb/ du di* me9 ,h]z8 d\btfully attribut$ to ,hans ,sa*s1 we f9d ! sev5? /anza be>+ ^u ?is matt]3 ,des ,daniels ,gott ihm ni*t r]gass1 ,da er unt] d5 ,lw5 sass3 ,se9 ,engel s&t er h91 ,und liess ihm ,speise br+5 gut1 ,dur* se9] ,di5] ,habakkuk4 ,habakkuk's ob$i5ce s]v$ ,god's purpose4 ,9 ,cyrus' "* we see some?+ ( ! impulsiv5ess ( ! despotic mon>*1 giv+ ha/y directions on ! spur ( ! mom5t z to matt]s ( mu* importance4 ,b ! ev5ts ( ! /ory ex]t an educative influ5ce ^u 8 m9d1 culm9at+ 9 8 s5tim5ts z express$ 9 v4 #da1 :i* app>5tly imply t ,daniel's ,god 0 to be 8 ,god4 ,c]ta9ly ! mon>*'s te/imony proves t 8 religi\s op9ions _h be5 correct$1 & rais$ above ! /age repres5t$ 9 v4 #f4 ,probably "s allegoric1 or m /rictly 'tropological1' in/ruction may be drawn f ! /ory4 ,9 ,bel we are taught to fight aga9/ crafty deception h[ev] g5]ally believ$ 92 9 ! ,dragon1 aga9/ fi]ce1 repulsive1 & t]rify+ adv]s>ies4 ,?is k9d ( int]pretation is sometimes /ra9$ h[ev]1 z :5 9 ,neale's edition ( ! ,moral ,concordances ( ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua 7p4 #abe1 n4d471 v4 #bg is giv5 z applicable to ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,an unexpect$ly adv]se op9ion on ! use ( ,bel & ! ,dragon z a lesson 7,nov4 #bc1 mat9s1 old ,lection>y7 is express$ by ,j4,h4 ,blunt 9 8 ,directorium ,pa/orale 7#ahfd1 p4 #ei73 ,i confess ,i c see no good :i* c arise f ! public read+ to a congregation1 compos$ pr9cipally p]haps ( "y p]sons1 ( su* lessons z ,bel & ! ,dragon1 or ,lev4 xviii41 ,deut4 xxii41 xxv4 ,!n he adds ! foll[+ curi\s note3 ,x is a fact t a man 0 once s5t into a fit ( l\d & uncontrollable laught]1 al?\gh he 0 hone/ly prep>+ = holy ord]s1 by he>+ ?is lesson 7,bel & ! ,dragon7 read = ! fir/ "t 9 ! *apel ( a ,!ological ,college4 ,"o _c help ?9k+ t ?is g5tleman mu/ h _h an abnormally develop$ s5se ( hum\r "u exceptionally bad control4 ,john ,wesley exhibits 9 8 ,j\rnal 7,july #e?1 #aggc7 an equally l[ op9ion ( ! /ory1 ?\gh free f ill-tim$ mir?3 ,/4 ,patrick conv]t+ #cj1jjj at "o s]mon ,i rank ) ! ,hi/ory ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 7,quot$ 9 ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,jan4 #aijb1 p4 #cbc74 ,^! op9ions seem too contemptu\s & inimical to a n>rative :i* yields _m valuable lessons4 ,inde$ x may be said ( ?is1 z 9 ! ,bi%ops' reply at ! ,savoy ,conf]5ce to ! ,puritan objection to read+ ! ,apocryphal lessons 9 g5]al3 ,x is he>tily to be wi%$ t s]mons 7 z good 7,proct]-,fr]e1 ,hi/4 ( ,p4,b4 #aijb1 p4 #agd74 ,,index ,i4 ,,prop] ,,names4 ,addison ,africanus ,alex&]1 ,abp4 ,altdorf] ,ambrose ,antony ( ,padua ,apoll9>ius ,aquila ,arnald ,adrian ,a?anasius ,a?anasius1 pseudo1 ,augu/9e1 ,ball1 ,c4,j4 ,b>clay1 ,p4 ,b>d5hew] ,b>nes1 ,a4 ,b>ry1 ,bp4 ,bassus ,bay]1 ,f4,p4 ,behrmann ,b5gel ,bevan1 ,pr(4 ,blackie1 ,j4,s4 ,blakesley1 ,dean ,bleek ,blunt1 ,j4,h4 ,blunt1 ,j4,j4 ,boys1 ,dean ,bre%i? ,rabba ,brightman1 ,canon ,br[n1 ,sir ,?os4 ,brll ,bugati ,buhl ,bullock1 ,w4,t4 ,buns5 ,burbidge ,burgon1 ,dean ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds ,cs>ius ( ,aries ,calv9 ,cambridge1 ,tr9ity ,college ,*apel ,cappellus1 ,ludovione ,c>r ,c>racci ,ca/illo1 de ,c]iani ,*apl91 ,*ild ,*>les ,*igi1 ,c>d9al ,*ryso/om ,*urton ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria ,cloquet ,cock]ell ,congreve ,cope1 ,l4,c4 ,cornelius ,lapide ,cornely ,corni%1 ,h4,p4 ,correggio ,coypel ,curteis1 ,g4,h4 ,curtis1 ,e4,l4 ,curtius1 ,qu9tus ,cyprian ,cyprian1 pseudo- ,cyril ( ,alex&ria ,cyril ( ,j]usalem ,damasus ,i4 ,daniel1 ,e4 ,davidson ,deane1 ,h4 ,deane1 ,w4 ,deissmann ,delitzs* 7eld]7 ,d5ys1 ! ,c>?usian ,d]es] ,didron ,donaldson ,driv]1 ,dr4 ,duehesne ,dyck1 van ,eb$ ,jesu ,ed]%eim ,ei*horn ,ephrem ,syrus ,epiphanius ,epiphanius1 pseudo- ,e!ridge ,eusebius ,ewald ,f>r>1 ,dean ,faussett ,feltoe1 ,dr4 ,flor5ce1 ,c\ncil ( ,=bes1 ,bp4 ,frank1 ,ar*d4 ,freeman1 ,ar*d4 ,fritzs*e ,full]1 ,j4,m4 ,fr/1 ,j4 ,g>rucci ,ga/] ,g]>d ,ges5ius ,giv>gese1 ,f4 ,goodall1 ,f4 ,gorionides ,gratian ,gray1 ,bp4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus ,gregory ( ,nyssa ,gr5fell ,grotius ,gu]c9o ,gnkel ,gwillim ,gwynne1 ,pr(4 ,hauck ,hebru1 ,b> ,h5d]son ,heppn]1 ,a4 ,h]odotus ,hesy*ius ,hi]onymus ,graecus ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s ,hippolytus ,holmes ,hook] ,home1 ,t4,h4 ,ho?am ,humphry1 ,w4 ,hunt ,ir5u ,isaacson1 ,s4 ,isidore ,hispal5sis ,jacobus ,edess5us ,jahn1,g4 ,jahn1 ,j4 ,jamieson ,jans51 ,cornelius ,j5n+s ,jephet ibn ,ali ,j]ahmeel ,j]ome ,jocel9 ( ,brakelond ,johnson1 ,s4 ,josephus ,josippon ,julian1 ,dr4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr ,kamphaus5 ,k>l/adt ,kautzs* ,keil ,keilah ,kells ,k5n$y1 ,j4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,pr(4 ,lag>de ,liddon ,lightfoot1 ,bp4 ,littl$ale ,loisy ,l[rie1 ,w4 ,luc>1 ,cyril ,lucretia ,lu!r ,lyra1 ,ni*4 de ,maccabaeus1 ,simon ,mam]tus1 ,claudianus ,m>goli\?1 ,d4,s4 ,m>%all ,m>ti ,m>t91 ,d4 ,m>t9i ,m>y1 ,pass+ ( ,maskell ,matta?ias ,maur] ,melito ,m]rick ,me?odius ,mey] ,milton ,moone ,abbey ,moses ,hadd>%an ,mov]s ,mozley ,m',sw9ey ,m',:irt] ,muis1 de ,munk1 ,s4 ,na*man1 ,rabba b> ,na*manides ,nect>ius ,ne/le ,neubau] ,nicephorus1 ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,nobilius1 ,flam9ius ,orelli ,orig5 ,p>k]1 ,m4 ,p>sons ,patrick1 ,/4 ,pe>son1 ,bp4 ,p]onne ,p][ne1 ,bp4 ,philippe1 ,e4 ,philo ,pilate ,poly*ronius ,porphyry ,proct]1 ,f4 ,prud5tius ,pusey ,quignon1 ,c>d4 ,rembr&t ,reuss ,rose1 ,h4,p4 ,ros5mll] ,ro?/e9 ,rub5s ,ruf9us ,ryle1 ,bp4 ,h4,e4 ,ryssel1 ,pr(4 ,sabati] ,sa*s1 ,hans ,salmon1 ,pr(4 ,s&ay1 ,pr(4 ,sant]re ,sayce ,s*olz1 ,a4 ,s*rad] ,s*r] ,scriv5] ,s$ulius ,seld5 ,selwyn1 ,pr(4 ,sev]us1 ,sulpicius ,%ann1 ,g4,v4 ,%eta*1 ,simon b5 ,%u%an ,sidon ,smi?1 ,pr(4 ,smi?1 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,sozom5 ,sp5s] ,/hel91 ,o4 ,/eph5s1 ,a4,j4 ,/eph5s1 ,dean ,/okes1 ,m4 ,/rabo ,/reane1 ,dr4 ,susanna1 ,/4 ,swete1 ,pr(4 ,syncellus ,t]tullian ,?ack]ay ,!odoret ,!odotion ,?omas ( ,h>kel ,t9toretto ,tol$o1 #d? ,c\ncil ( ,toy1 ,c4,h4 ,trapp ,tr5t1 ,c\ncil ( ,trommius ,val5t9 ,van ,ess ,vatican1 ,c\ncil ( ,v]ecundus ,v]onese1 ,p4 ,waldo1 ,p4 ,w>r51 ,canon ,f4,e4 ,walton1 ,bp4 ,b4 ,wesley1 ,j4 ,we/cott1 ,bp4 ,:eatley ,wilson1 ,bp4 ,wilton1 ,r4 ,w9tle1 ,j4 ,wordswor?1 ,bp4 ,*as4 ,wordswor?1 ,bp4 ,*ris4 ,wyon1 ,w4,g4 ,x]xes ,yonge1 ,miss ,zimm] ,zckl] ,,index ,,ii4 ,,scripture ,,texts4 ,,g5esis4 i4 #a ii4 #b1 #c vii4 #ad x4 #ae xxi4 #ag xxii4 #ah xxiii4 #c1 #d1 #h xxiv4 #fe xxvi4 #d xxxi4 #e xxxiv4 #bi xxxvii4 xxxvii4 #bd ,,exodus4 ii4 #b iv4 #c vii4 #i ix4 #af ,,leviticus ii4 #i1 #aa xviii4 xx4 #aj xxiii4 #g xxvi4 #ba ,,numb]s4 xi4 #ae xi4 #af ,,deut]onomy4 v4 #ba x4 #ag xviii4 #bj xxii4 xxii4 #bb xxv4 xxviii4 #di1 #ej xxxii4 #d xxxii4 #bc ,,jo%ua4 xxii4 #ai ,i4 ,,samuel xxiii4 #a ,,ii4 ,,samuel4 xxiv4 #ad ,i4 ,,k+s4 iii4 x4 #h xv4 #ai xvi4 #bh xviii4 #ab xviii4 #bg xviii4 #cb xx4 #g xxi4 #h1 #aa ,,ii4 ,,k+s4 xiii4 #e xxiv4 #h1 #ab xxv4 #bh xxv4 #bg ,i4 ,,*ornicles4 ii4 #ca1 #cd1 #ce xxi4 #ac ,,ii4 ,,*ronicles4 iv4 #e xii4 #ab xx4 #ab xxxv4 #c xxxv4 #ae xxxvi4 #h1 #i ,,ezra4 iv4 #ab iv4 #ae viii4 #b ,,nehemiah4 ix4 #cc ,,e/h]4 ii4 #c ii4 #i ii4 #ab vii4 #h ,,job4 i4 #a i4 #h ii4 #c xxxiii4 #aj xlii4 #ag ,,psalms4 xv4 #aa xvi4 #b xxiii4 xxv4 #ad xxviii4 #g xxxiv4 #ai xlix4 #a xlix4 #ah lvii4 #c1 #d lx4 #c lxxiv4 #i lxxx4 #a xcix4 #a civ4 #d cv4 #df cxxxvi4 cxxxvi4 #b cxlviii4 ,,prov]bs4 xxiv4 #bb xxvi4 #bg ,,solomon',s ,,song4 ii4 #a1 #b iv4 #ab ,,isaiah4 v4 #b v4 #g v4 #aj xvii4 #a xliii4 #b xliii #d xlv4 #a ,,j]emiah4 x4 #ae xi4 #aj xiv4 #ba xix4 #a xxii4 #bd xxv4 #ab xxvi4 #ag xxxviii4 #a-d xxix4 #e xxix4 #ba xxix4 #bc xxix4 #bb xxix4 #bc xlii4 #aa xliv4 #h l4 #b li4 #cd li4 #dd ,,ezekiel4 iii4 #ab1 #ad viii4 #c xvi4 #c xvi4 #ch xxxviii4 #f ,,daniel4 i4 #a i4 #c i4 #ae i4 #ag i4 #bj ii4 #e ii4 #i ii4 #bh1 #bi ii4 #ca ii4 #cb1 #cc ii4 #de ii4 #dg iii4 #a iii4 #ad iii4 #af-ah iii4 #ba iii4 #bb iii4 #bc iii4 #bd iii4 #bh-cj iv4 #f iv4 #h iv4 #ad iv4 #be iv4 #bg iv4 #cf v4 #c v4 #bc v4 #be-bh v4 #ca vi4 #ag vi4 #bj vi4 #ba1 #bb vi4 #be-bh vi4 #bf vi4 #bh vii4 #i vii4 #aa viii4 #aj ix4 #b ix4 #d ix4 #e ix4 #ac ix4 #ad ix4 #ae ix4 #ag ix4 #ah x4 #a x4 #a xi4 #cf xii4 #c xii4 #ad xiii4 #a ,,hosea4 iii4 #d iv4 #ae iv4 #af v4 #ac xii4 #f xiv4 #e ,,jonah4 ii4 #b ,,micah4 ii4 #b ,,habakkuk4 i4 #a i4 #d i4 #f ii4 #ah ,,zephaniah4 i4 #aa ,i4 ,,esdras4 i4 #cg i4 #dc iv4 #eb iv4 #fb v4 #eh ,,ii4 ,,esdras4 iii4 #b ,,judi?4 iv4 #f xx4 #h ,,tobit4 iii4 #b viii4 #e x4 #aj xii4 #f xiii4 #aj ,,e/h]4 xiv4 #f1 #g ,,ecclesia/icus4 xvi4 #ac xliii4 #d1 #bb xliv4 ,,b>u*4 i4 #c ii4 #i ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,*ildr54 7,greek v]se numb]s47 #bd #be #bf #bg #bh #bi #cj #ca #cb #cc #cd #cf #cg #ch #ci #dj #da #dd #dg #dh #di #ej #ea #eb #ec #ed #ef #eg #ei #fc #fd #fe #fg #fh #gg #hd #hf #hg #hh #hi #ij #ia ,,susanna4 #a-e #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aa #ac #ad #ae #ag #ai #bj #bb #bc #bd #bf #bg #bh #bi #cj #cb #cc #cd #ce #cf #ci #da #db #dc #dd #de #df #dh #ej #eb #ec #ed #ee #ef #eg #ei #fj #fa #fb #fc #fd ,,bel ,,& ,,! ,,dragon4 #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae #ag #ah #ai #ba #bb #bc #bd #be #bf #bg #bh #bi #cj #ca #cb #cc #cd #ce #cf #cg #ch #ci #dj #da #db ,i4 ,,maccabees4 ii4 #ag ii4 #ei xv4 #f ,,ii4 ,,maccabees4 ix4 #ag ,,iii4 ,,maccabees4 vi4 #f ,,/4 ,,mat!w4 i4 #aa1 #ab iv4 #a v4 #bh xi4 #ba xi4 #bi xii4 #ah xiii4 #db1 #ej xxiv4 #ea xxvii4 #bd xxvii4 #bf ,,/4 ,,luke4 i4 #ch ii4 #bi ii4 #db ii4 #eb viii4 #c xxi4 #bd ,,/4 ,,john4 x4 #i xi4 #a xviii4 #ah xviii4 #ce xix4 #af ,,acts4 ii4 #aj ii4 #bc iv4 #bd vi4 #i viii4 #ci ix4 #a xiii4 #ac xvii4 #ag xvii4 #bc xxii4 #d xxiv4 #f ,,romans4 i4 #bc ,,ii4 ,,cor9?ians4 i4 #aj ,,ephesians4 ii4 #ab ,,ii ,,timo?y4 i4 #ah ,,hebrews4 i4 #g ix4 #e x4 #cd xi4 #bc xi4 #cd xii4 #bc ,,revelation4 ix4 #bj xii4 #g1 #h xii4 #i xiii4 #d xiii4 #ad xxi4 #ac ,,footnotes3 #a ,he ref]s to ,!9]1 ,acta 444 concil4 ,trid5t1 i4 #gg4 #b ,s ,raymund ,m>t9i1 at ! end ( 8 ,pugio fidei2 b 8 quotation has be5 d\bt$4 ,see ,b4 & ,d4 ',*ronology1' p4 #bbi4 #c ,! ,vatican ,c\ncil confirm$ ! ,trid5t9e decree on ,scripture 7,con/4 ,dei ,filius ,,ii41 ,loisy1 p4 #bci74 #d ,! fir/ & mo/ gift$ ( creatures 7,m',sw9ey1 ,psalms & ,canticles1 #aija1 p4 #fdd74 #e ,p]haps 9 default ( bett] explanation ! e>? v]se may h be5 put into ! ?ird p]son 9 ord] to m>k ! transition f ?+s cele/ial to ^? t]re/rial4 #f ,?is may ref] to ! titles he gives f ! ,vatican ,,lxx2 b see above1 p4 #ah1 z to ! abs5ce ( ^!4 #g ,psalms1 ,lond4 #ahga1 ,,ii4 #dfb4 #h ,proc4 ,soc4 ,bibl4 ,ar*ol4 #ahie1 p4 #ha4 #i ,rational ittuitrat4 ( ,p4,b4 #aj ,b ,j4,t4 ,m>%all 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 ,,iv4 #gee71 ,! hymn is modell$ aft] ,ps4 #acf1 & has equal claim to be consid]$ poetical4 #aa ,he appe>s1 on p4 #cjc1 to date ,daniel betwe5 #afj & #agj ,b4,c4 #ab ,?is p>ticul>ly is unsugge/ive ( ,egypt4 #ac ,comm5t>y on ,canticles 9 ,div9e ,s]vice1 ,lond4 #ahec1 p4 #ha4 #ad ,swete1 ,introd4 to ,greek ,o4,t41 p4 #dc4 #ae ,op4 cit41 pp4 #dh1 #cif1 #djc4 #af ,cf4 ,ewald 9 ',date1' p4 #bi4 #ag ,"s slight w>rant1 or at lea/ prec$5t1 = us+ our ,r4,v41 9 :i* diss5t]s _h a h&1 might p]haps be f\nd 9 ?is fact4 #ah ,g4 ,jahn 9 8 re/oration ( ! ,hebrew text ( ,daniel f ! ,,lxx1 admits vv4 #bh & #di--ea into 8 canonical text 7,leipzig1 #aijd74 #ai ,z to ! possibility ( ! fact1 cf4 ,york%ire ,po/1 ,april #ab?1 #aijb1 on ,coronation bonfires3 ,spectators %\ld keep cle> ( ! lee side4 ,! flame ( su* bonfires has be5 kn[n to /ream 9 a fla% #aej;ft4 out4 #bj ,dr4 ,julian 7,diet4 ,hymnol4 p4 #acd7 has ! foll[+ /range s5t5ce z to ,b5$icite1 ,x is n 9 ! ,hebrew v]sion 7sic7 ( ! ,scriptures1 & on ?is gr\nd1 among o!rs1 x is omitt$ f ,a4,v4 #ba ,g4 ,jahn 9 loc4 ?9ks ?is fact an indication ( a lat] h&1 z %ew+ t !y sev]$ !mselves 9 ! furnace f contact ) hea!nism1 & 7 giv+ !mselves to int]c\rse ) ,jahwe alone4 ,b surely an int]polator mu/ h be5 aw>e t ?is 0 _! attitude f ! outset4 #bb ,proc4 ,sac4 ,bibl4 ,ar*ol4 #ahie1 p4 #hj4 #bc ,9 ! ,hebrew ( ?is v]se ! p>allel is less /rik+4 #bd 1 v4 #bc 7#df71 att5dants probably hold+ "s (ficial position sup]ior to t ( slaves4 ,cf4 ,/4 ,john xviii4 #ah4 #be ,cf4 ,ps4 lxxiv4 #i4 #bf ,see also ,h4,j4 ,rose's ,pap] ,on ! ,heb4 co9s call$ %ekels1 ,b$s4 ,ar*itect4 ,soc4 ,rep4 ,i41 p4 #cfg1 #ahea4 #bg ,9 ! ,bk4 ( private ,pray] 7,lond4 #ahhg1 p4 #cb71 approv$ by ! ,l[] ,h\se ( ,cant]bury ,convocation1 ^! six v]ses are employ$ z a sep>ate canticle1 "u ! title ,b5$ictus es1 probably sugge/$ by ! ,ambrosian rite above m5tion$4 ,! same canticle _h also appe>$ previ\sly 9 ,an ,additional ,ord] = ,ev5+ ,pray]1 put =? by ! same au?ority 9 #ahgc1 = s++ aft] ! fir/ lesson4 #bh ,its use decl9$ 9 ! #ah? c5tury z is %ewn by ,p4 ,b>clay 7,lett] to ,p ( ,scotl& on ,comm4 ,pr41 ,lond4 #agac1 p4 #cf71 :o says1 ,b5$icite is v good2 b because x is seldom or nev] us$1 ,i don't insi/ ^u x4 ,p4 ,waldo 7,comm5t>y on ,liturgy1 #agge1 p4 #ih71 also deplores its disuse4 ,& ev5 9 ! #ai? c5tury ,c4 ,*apl9 7,b5$icite1 #ahgi1 p4 #aa7 says1 ,9 a few *ur*es x seems to be bani%$ f ! s]vice altoge!r4 #bi ,x is /at$ 9 ,dr4 ,swete's ,introd4 7#aijb1 p4 #bfj7 t ,susanna is exclud$ f ! visions1 ,dan4 i4 #a comm5c+ ! fir/ ( !m4 ,b ?is is n borne out by ! 'app>atus criticus' to 8 ,greek text1 :]e i4 #a 9 ,a & ,q beg9s '1 & ' is ! subscription ( ,susanna 9 ,a4 #cj ,! "n is us$ ( an actual woman 9 ,/4 ,luke viii4 #c4 #ca ,ko?/e9 7,kautzs* i41 #agf7 gives ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! la/ c5tury ,b4,c4 z ! late/ possible date = ! ,,lxx v]sion ( ,daniel4 ,exce$+ly little "t !re=e w\ld be all[$1 on ,ball's !ory1 = ! orig9al publication1 ! translation1 & ! incorporation into ! ,alex&rian canon1 ( ?is ,susanna-book4 #cb ,if n1 z ,bissell 9 8 note elegantly puts x1 x w\ld be a bungl+ lapsus p5n4 #cc ,?is may be m]ely an e*o ( ,reuss1 :o reckons ,susanna 9 die ,reihe d] moralis*5 ,mr*5 7,o4,t4 #ahid1 ,,vii4 #aei74 #cd ,see ,j4,m4 ,full] 9 ,s4,p4,c4,k4 ,comm4 ,introd4 to ,sus4 #ce ,^! names1 h[ev]1 d n agree ) ! ,jewi% id5tification ( !m1 z ! ,ahab & ,z$ekiah ( ,j]4 xxix4 #ba1 :i* ,orig5 reports 9 8 ,ep4 ad ,afric4 7,speak]'s ,comm4 #cbe;b74 #cf ,s 9 ,n4,t41 ,/4 ,m>k v4 #ai4 #cg ,adv4 ,*ri/41 ,bk4 ,,xii4 #ch ,= simil> in/ances ( ^w-play see acc\nts ( ,melito's pseudo-,clavis1 ,d4,c4,b4 iii4 #hig;b1 & ,muratorian ,fragm5t1 l9e #fg4 #ci ,j]ome 9 8 ,prol4 gal4 %ews h[ x might be done 9 ,lat92 & 9 ! ,vulgate "s attempt is made to reproduce x 9 vv4 #ed1 #ee 7's*9us1 sc9dit'74 ,lu!r tri$ aft] rhymes 9 ,g]man1 ',l9d51' 'f9d51' ',ei*e1' 'zei*n54' ,9 ! ,fr5* v]sion ( ,m>t9 no play is attempt$2 b 9 ! ,arabic1 accord+ to ,delitzs* 7op4 cit4 #ajb71 an easy "o is produc$4 #dj = w\ld yield good s5se1 b evid5ce = su* a read+ is abs5t4 #da ,& t :i* all faire workes do? mo/ aggrace1 ,! art :i* all t wr\ght appe>$ 9 no place4 ,,sp5s]1 ,fa]y ,que5e1 ,,ii4 ,,xii4 #eh4 #db ,i4 ,macc41 ,fairwea!r & ,black1 ,camb4 #ahig1 p4 #ad2 ,/reane1 ,age ( ,macc41 ,lond4 #ahih1 pp4 #bdg1 #bdh4 #dc ,curi\sly en\gh ! canonical ,daniel has n escap$ ?is accusation1 = ,g4 ,jahn 7,leips4 #aijd1 p4 #fd7 says ( vi4 #bh1 ,d] ,knig wie e9 jdis*5 ,rabb9] pr$igt4 #dd ,"r use ( ,e>ly ,fa!rs1 ,lond41 #aheg1 p4 #fdi4 #de ,see ,wordswor?1 ,gk4 ,te/41 note 9 loc4 #df ,qu9tus ,curtius 7v4 #a7 gives a t]rible acc\nt1 9 connection ) ,alex&]'s capture ( ?is city1 ( ,babylonian debau*]y1 :i* mu/ h be5 ( long /&+ :5 x _h atta9$ ! pit* he indicates4 #dg ,soap mak+ is ! *ief indu/ry ( mod]n ,pale/9e 7,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,soap74 #dh #di ,9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 art4 ,jehoia*91 x is /at$ t he does2 b ,hippolytus' ,comm4 9 ,migne1 ,patr4 gr4 x4 #fhi1 does n %ew ?is4 ,x is app>5tly bas$ on a quotation f ,hippolytus by ,georgius ,syncellus1 giv5 among ! critical notes ( ,bonwets*'s ed4 ( ,hipp4 p4 #aj 7,lips4 #ahig74 #ej ,b see ,g4 ,jahn1 9 loc41 & art4 ,jehoiakim 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 z to mak+ ! date 9 ,dan4 i4 #a a little lat]4 #ea ,scriv5]1 ,introd4 to ,a4,v4 vii41 & ,sayce1 ,tobit1 #aijc1 p4 xvi4 #eb ,speak]'s ,comm41 end ( ,introd4 to ,sus4 #ec ,see ,j]ome's ,pref4 to ,daniel1 end4 #ed ,w>r51 ,ante-,nic5e ,liturgy1 #ahig1 p4 #ahh4 #ee ,b may ref] to !m4 #ef ,!re is a v qua9t note 9 ,gwillim's ,h]aldry 7#afaa1 p4 #aji7 z to a mulb]ry figur$ on a %ield1 ,?is fruit ha? a purple blu%+ col\r1 9 ! "o resembl+ ! judges' attire :o attempt$ ,susanna1 9 ! o!r t hue ( _! face :i* %\ld h be5 9 !m1 if !y _h be5 s graci\s to blu% at _! fault1 etc4 #eg ,!re are simil> in/ances 9 *aps4 iii4 & vi4 ( ! canonical ,daniel4 ,see also ! ,notes on ,scripture1 9 loco1 ( ,bi%op ,wilson1 ( ,sodor & ,man1 :o tells :at com=t he d]iv$ f he>+ ,susanna read 9 ! daily s]vice :5 himself falsely accus$4 #eh ,?ack]ay's m5tion ( ,susanna 9 ,?t ,newcomes1 *ap1 lvi41 seems po9tless1 ?\gh t 9 *ap4 xix4 is suitable en\gh4 ,/eele has an absurd ref]5ce 9 ! ,spectator1 ,no4 #ad1 to ! op]a ( ,susanna1 or ,innoc5ce ,betray$1 :i* w be exhibit$ next week1 ) a pair ( new ,eld]s4 #ei ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua curi\sly gives vv44 #eb1 #ef1 z an example ( ! ,zeal ( prelates 7,moral ,concordance1 ,neale's edit41 n4d41 p4 #aje74 #fj ,9 ea* case x is n cle> f ! text t ! 'wor%ip' consi/$ 9 any?+ else ?an supply+ food4 #fa ,! title is also us$ 9 ,q 9 "s ( ,isaiah's visions1 e4g4 xvii4 #a4 #fb ,see "u ,!odoret 9 ',e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1' & ',*ronology1' p4 #bbd4 #fc ,?is has be5 attribut$ to ,rabba b> ,na*man ( ,pumbadi?a1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #cjj1 b is probably lat]4 ,see1 h[ev]1 ,e!ridge1 ,j]us4 & ,tib]ias1 p4 #adc4 #fd ,s*rad]1 ,cunei=m ,inscriptions ( ,o4,t4 ,,ii4 #abe1 consid]s ,bel n to ent] explicitly into ! second ( ^! names1 :i* he takes to mean 'may 8 life protect'2 b ev5 9 ?is case ! m5tion ( a ,deity is evid5tly und]/ood4 ,b cf4 ,dan4 iv4 #h4 ,ges5ius & ,longfield 7,*aldee ,gramm>1 #ahei1 p4 #aae7 take ! old] view4 ,see also ,sayce's art4 9 ,ha/+s' ,d4,b4 on ,m]oda*-,baladan1 :]e ,m4 seems id5tifi$ ) ,bel2 also art4 ,m]oda*4 #fe ,daniel1 ,oxf4 #agib1 p4 #dj4 #ff ,*amb]s's ,encyclop41 #ahhh1 art4 ,bel4 #fg ,!re is cle>ly a slip 9 v4 #ce ( = 1 & probably 9 v4 #aa ( = 1 indicat+ "s mi/akes on ! scribe's "p1 or errors 9 8 copy4 #fh ,! same writ]1 on p4 #bbd1 spells ) a f9al 4 #fi ,x is ev5 giv5 9 ,l4,c4 ,cope's ,engli% ,composition 7,lond41 #aijj71 z an example ( ! f\r ess5tials ( composition1 viz4 inv5tion1 selection1 disposition1 diction4 ,he also speaks 7p4 #bi7 ( ! sup]b workman%ip 9 fram+ ! n>rative4 #gj ,b> ,hebru 7op4 cit41 p4 #bg71 gives ?is z a reason :y "s w\ld n receive ,bel & ! ,dragon4 #ga ,n 9 4 #gb ,see note to ',= ,:om & ) ,:at ,object' p4 #aif4 #gc ,comp>e ! ,aramaic ( ! passage1 giv5 "u ',*ronology1' p4 #bbi4 #gd ,on ! propriety ( su* a s5t5ce1 accordant ) ,babylonian ideas ( ju/ice1 see ,mozley1 ,rul+ ,o4,t4 ,ideas1 #ahgh1 pp4 #hh1 #ie1 #ii4 #ge ,m )]+ s>casm c\ld sc>cely be p\r$ on hea!nism ?an 9 ! apocryphal /ory ( ,bel & ! ,dragon 7,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,messiah1 #ahhf1 ,i4 #ca74 ,daniel's laugh 9 v4 #g accords ) ,j]emiah's view ( idols 7,x4 #ae74 ,o!r co9cid5ces ) ,j]emiah may be not$ 9 #a4 #b1 li4 #dd ( t prophet4 #gf ,ezekiel is transport$ 9 ! opposite direction1 & bo?cprophets w5t unwill+ly 7,trapp74 ,bo?1 too1 7 conc]n$ 9 suppression ( idolatry4 #gg ,! de/ruction ( ! ,dragon1 by means :i* 9 ,a4,v4 & ! ,greek appe> inadequate1 does n come "u ?is head1 s9ce ! ,aramaic expla9s x by iron tee? conceal$ 9 ! ball 7v4 #bg71 an intelligible & practical device4 #gh ,( g5]al condemnations1 ,alb4 ,b>nes' may be tak5 z a sample3 ,?is fooli% /ory444 is :olly unwor?y a place 9 any volume claim+ ,div9e orig91 or any volume ( respectable au?or%ip :atev] 7,comm5t4 on ,dan4 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #gi1 #ha74 #gi ,! phrase appli$ to ! ,additions 9 ! ,introd4 to ,daniel 9 ! ,speak]'s ,comm4 7p4 #baf;a71 if we take to mean 'poet1' w\ld fall 9 ) ?is view4 ,j4,m4 ,full] does n make q cle> 8 s\rce = ?is phrase4 #hj ,sozom51 ,h4,e4 vii4 #bi1 says t ,habakkuk's tomb 0 f\nd at ,keilah1 1 444 7sic7 4 ,n[ ,keilah is m5tion$ 9 ,i ,sam4 xxiii4 #a z hav+ ?re%+-floors wor? robb+1 & s presumably lay 9 a corn-gr[+ di/rict4 #ha ,delitze* ?\ght x likely1 ?\gh n c]ta91 t ! m5tion$ by ,josephus 7,ant4 x4 #aa4 #g7 z left by ,daniel ref] to ! ,additions z portions ( ! canonical hook 7,de ,hab4 vita1 etc41 ,lips4 #ahdb1 p4 #be74 #hb ,cf4 ,revue biblique int]nationale 7,dom9ican7 ,p>is1 ,jan4 #aija1 p4 #adi1 ,l'glise roma9e s'e/ prononce ds ce mom5t1 et si elle ne pas ds lors impos sa solution comme df9itive et irr=mable1 elle ne s'en e/ du mo9s jamais c>te et c'e/ cette solution qui explique l'unanimit pratique de l'glise lat9e1 o les d\tes n'tai5t plus que le reflet rudit d'anci5nes controv]ses4 ,see also ,s&ay on ,inspiration1 ,note ,b4 to ,lect4 ,v4 ,! ,use ( ! t]m ,deut]o-oanonical 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*4 #hc ,s spelt 9 ,migne 9 ?is in/ance1 ?\gh else:]e ) f9al 4 ,a mispr9t may he suspect$4 #hd ,x 0 told z a /ory to ,miss ,yonge :5 a *ild by h] fa!r 7,life1 #aijc1 p4 #gh71 & app>5tly rememb]$ ) pleasure ?r\gh life4 ,s ,saml4 ,johnson3 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ,i h read or he>d ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ,susanna1 etc4 7,pray]s & ,m$itations1 ,lond4 #aije1 p4 #gh74 #he ,s ,butl] 9 8 ,hudibras ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,assembly ( ,div9es3 ,bell 7sic7 & ! ,dragon's *apla9s 7 ,m mod]ate ?an ^? by f>4--7,i4 ,,iii4 #aaha74 #hf ,j4,h4 ,blunt 7,comm4 on v4 #bg7 makes an unacc\ntable mi/ake 9 suppos+ t ! balls 7 put into ! /atue ( ,bel1 n eat5 by ! ,dragon4 ,! composition w\ld n ( itself bur/ ! holl[ /atue ei!r by *ymical explosion or me*anical expansion4 ,almo/ z ridicul\s is ! abusive phrase ,(fspr+ ( ,bel & ! ,dragon1 :i* ,congreve puts into ! m\? ( ,fondlewife 9 8 play ( ,! ,old ,ba*elor1 ,act ,,iv4 sc4 #d4