,,home ,,geography ,,= ,,prim>y ,,grades ,,by ,c4 ,c4 ,,long1 ,ph4,d4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,new ,,language ,,lessons1 ,,lessons ,,9 ,,engli%1 ,,etc41 ,,to ,,! ,,tea*]4 ,geography may be divid$ into ! geography ( ! home & ! geography ( ! _w at l>ge4 ,a k ( ! home mu/ be obta9$ by direct obs]vation2 ( ! re/ ( ! _w1 ?r\gh ! imag9ation assi/$ by in=mation4 ,ideas acquir$ by direct obs]vation =m a basis = imag9+ ^? ?+s :i* are di/ant & unkn[n4 ,! fir/ "w1 !n1 9 geographical in/ruction1 is to /udy t small "p ( ! e>?'s surface ly+ j at our doors4 ,all ar\nd are illu/rations ( lake & riv]1 upl& & l[l&1 slope & valley4 ,^! =ms mu/ be actually obs]v$ by ! pupil1 m5tal pictures obta9$1 9 ord] t he may be enabl$ to build up 9 8 m9d o!r m5tal pictures ( simil> unse5 =ms4 ,! hill t he climbs ea* day may1 by an appeal to 8 imag9ation1 repres5t to him ! l(ty ,&es or ! ,alps4 ,f ! mead[1 or ! bit ( level l& ne> ! door1 may be develop$ a notion ( pla9 & prairie4 ,! little /ream t fl[s pa/ ! s*oolh\se door1 or ev5 "o =m$ by ! sudd5 %[]1 may speak to him ( ! ,mississippi1 ! ,amazon1 or ! ,rh9e4 ,simil>ly1 ! idea ( sea or ocean may be d$uc$ f t ( pond or lake4 ,?us1 aft] ! pupil has acquir$ elem5t>y ideas by actual p]ception1 ! imag9ation c use !m 9 con/ruct+1 on a l>g] scale1 m5tal pictures ( simil> objects outside ! b\nds ( 8 own exp]i5ce & obs]vation4 ,to effect ?is1 ! tea*] %\ld visit ) h] class places :]e ! simpl] geographical features 9 m9iature may be obs]v$4 ,if ! s*ool is 9 ! city1 pupils may be tak5 to ! p>ks = ?is purpose4 ,if out-(-door /udy be impossible1 !y may be induc$ to recall objects :i* !y h se5 on _! way to s*ool or on %ort excursions 9 ! neighborhood4 ,9 ! case ( *ildr5 :o h little opportunity = obs]v+ nature1 a draw+1 a photograph1 or a model w be helpful 9 giv+ !m a prop] idea ( ! matt]4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t actual obs]vation by ! pupil is necess>y to see+ cle>ly & intellig5tly4 ,vegetable & animal life are ess5tial features ( ! geography ( ! _w1 & consid]able "t %\ld be giv5 to ! /udy ( ^? )9 ! obs]vation ( ! pupils4 ,in=mation conc]n+ plants may be ga9$ by outdoor /udy2 also by plant+ se$s 9 boxes & hav+ pupils c>efully wat* _! g]m9ation & gr[?4 ,pupils %\ld be enc\rag$ to make collections ( ! m9]als & rocks ( _! region4 ,^! %\ld be classifi$ & arrang$ = use1 n = %[4 ,! lessons ab\t ra91 sn[1 dew1 etc41 %\ld be giv5 at appropriate times4 ,a wet day w sugge/ a lesson on ra91 a sn[y day a lesson ab\t sn[4 ,no attempt %\ld be made at sci5ce tea*+1 s-call$4 ,all t %\ld be s\ght is to get ! pupil ?\ghtfully to obs]ve1 & ?us to awak5 8 int]e/ 9 ! _w ab\t him4 ,lessons %\ld be conv]sational 9 =m1 :i* is always a mo/ pleas+ /yle = *ildr51 z x is ! mo/ natural4 ,! "w ( ! tea*] is to awak5 & /imulate int]e/1 n to imp>t in=mation4 ,! att5tion ( ! *ild %\ld be direct$ to :at lies ar\nd him4 ,he mu/ obs]ve1 & ?9k1 & express 8 ?\ghts4 ,nor %\ld 8 obs]vations be conf9$ to ! s*ool & s*ool h\rs4 ,he %\ld be enc\rag$ to obta9 8 in=mation by 8 own se>*+1 )\t guidance1 & report ! results4 ,! developm5t ( cle> m5tal pictures is /imulat$ by expression4 ,expression is ! te/ ( ! pupil's k4 ,h5ce1 ! *ild %\ld be requir$ to reproduce :at he has le>n$4 ,he may d ?is by model+1 draw+1 & oral & writt5 description4 ,^! are plac$ 9 ! ord] :i* %\ld be foll[$ 9 ! tra9+ ( *ildr54 ,! incl9ation ( ne>ly e *ild left to 8 own mode ( developm5t is to make1 9 "s pla/ic mat]ial1 :at he has se54 ,try+ to fa%ion ! hills & valleys ) :i* he is famili> excites 8 int]e/1 & leads to clos] obs]vation4 ,?is may be foll[$ by ! reproduction 9 mold]'s s&1 or 9 clay1 ( ! =ms se5 9 pictures or le>n$ f description4 ,def9itions ( ! v>i\s =ms1 hill1 m\nta91 valley1 isl&1 etc41 %\ld be develop$ z !y are mold$4 ,! memoriz+ ( def9itions %\ld seldom be requir$1 & %\ld nev] be made a te/ ( ! pupil's k4 ,reproduction by ! h& %\ld be foll[$ by draw+1 :5ev] ?is c be done4 ,draw+ tea*es ! *ild h[ to see well4 ,x (t5 enables him to reveal :at c\ld n well be express$ 9 words4 ,he also becomes ready & rapid 9 ! use ( ! p5cil :5 he has ideas to put on pap]4 ,only reasonable accuracy %\ld be requir$4 ,practice 9 mak+ f9e pictures %\ld n be ! end s\ght1 b ! developm5t ( geographical ideas4 ,f9ally1 pupils %\ld be l$ to give cle> & connect$ /atem5ts ( :at has be5 le>n$4 ,= a language lesson1 a writt5 description may be prep>$1 illu/rat$ by a draw+4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4--,,position ,,ii4--,,h[ ,,! ,,sun ,,%[s ,,direction ,,iii4--,,h[ ,,! ,,/>s ,,%[ ,,direction ,,iv4--,,h[ ,,! ,,compass ,,%[s ,,direction ,v4--,,que/ions ,,on ,,direction ,,vi4--,,:at ,,! ,,w9ds ,,br+ 7,,poem7 ,,vii4--,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,di/ance ,,viii4--,,pictures ,,& ,,plans ,,ix4--,,writt5 ,,ex]cise ,x4--,,god ,,made ,,!m ,,all 7,,poem7 ,,xi4--,,pla9s ,,xii4--,,hills1 ,,m\nta9s1 ,,valleys ,,xiii4--,,ra91 ,,w9d1 ,,& ,,sn[ ,,xiv4--,,h[ ,,wat] ,,is ,,*ang$ ,,to ,,vapor ,,xv4--,,h[ ,,vapor ,,is ,,*ang$ ,,to ,,wat] ,,xvi4--,,dew1 ,,cl\ds1 ,,& ,,ra9 ,,xvii4--,,! ,,fairy ,,arti/ 7,,poem7 ,,xviii4--,,h[ ,,riv]s ,,are ,,made ,,xix4--,,m ,,ab\t ,,riv]s ,,xx4--,,! ,,brook 7,,poem7 ,,xxi4--,,"w ,,( ,,fl[+ ,,riv]s ,,xxii4--,,wat]drop',s ,,/ory ,,xxiii4--,,! ,,riv] 7,,poem7 ,,xxiv4--,a ,,map ,,xxv4--,,=ms ,,( ,,l& ,,& ,,wat] ,,xxvi4--,,m ,,ab\t ,,=ms ,,( ,,l& ,,& ,,wat] ,,xxvii4--,a ,,trip ,,to ,,! ,,highl&s ,,xxviii4--,,spr+ 7,,poem7 ,,xxix4--,,useful ,,vegetables ,,xxx4--,,useful ,,gra9s ,,xxxi4--,,fruits ,,xxxii4--,,useful ,,plants ,,xxxiii4--,,=e/ ,,trees ,,xxxiv4--,,fl[]s ,,xxxv4--,,:at ,,is ,,necess>y ,,to ,,make ,,plants ,,gr[ ,,xxxvi4--,,summ] ,,ra9 7,,poem7 ,,xxxvii4--,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,animals ,,xxxviii4--,,! ,,cov]+ ,,( ,,animals ,,xxxix4--,,uses ,,( ,,animals ,,xl4--,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,seasons 7,,poem7 ,,xli4--,,?+s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,e>? ,,xlii4--,,m ,,ab\t ,,?+s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,e>? ,,xliii4--,,h[ ,,p ,,live1 ,,& ,,:at ,,!y ,,are ,,do+ ,,xliv4--,,m ,,ab\t ,,:at ,,p ,,are ,,do+ ,,xlv4--,a ,,review ,,lesson ,home ,geography4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,,position4 ,lay y\r h&s ^u y\r desk1 side by side4 ,:i* side %all we call ! "r side8 ,! left side8 ,put y\r h&s on ! middle ( y\r desk on ! side f>!/ f y4 ,t "p is ! back ( y\r desk4 ,?9k :i* is ! front ( y\r desk4 ,put y\r h&s on ! front ( y\r desk4 ,:o sits on y\r "r h&8 ,on y\r left8 ,at ! desk 9 front ( y8 ,at ! desk beh9d y8 ,turn r\nd4 ,:o is on y\r "r n[8 ,on y\r left8 ,be=e y8 ,beh9d y8 ,turn aga94 ,:o is n[ on y\r "r8 ,on y\r left8 ,be=e y8 ,beh9d y8 ,,note4--,lead *ildr5 to see t ! t]ms "r1 left1 front1 & back are ( little use 9 tell+ ! position ( places1 & t "s fix$ /&>d ( direction is necess>y4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,sun ,,%[s ,,direction4 ,if ,i %\ld ask1 ,:i* is ! way to y\r home8 :o c\ld tell me :at ,i mean8 ,y all "k :i* way y mu/ g to f9d y\r home1 b if y %\ld wi% to g to a place :]e y h nev] be51 y w\ld ask1 p]haps1 ,:i* way is x8 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,a ,,place ,,is ,,call$ ,,direction4 ,! way to a place is call$ direction4 ,9 ord] to f9d a place1 we mu/ "k 9 :at direction f u x lies1 & we h names = directions1 su* z nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/4 ,we may "k ^! directions by see+ :]e ! sun is4 ,did y ev] see ! sun rise8 ,po9t to ! place :]e y saw ! sun rise4 ,! direction 9 :i* ! sun seems to rise is call$ ! ea/4 ,did y ev] see ! sun set8 ,po9t to :]e y saw ! sun set4 ,! direction 9 :i* ! sun seems to set is call$ ! we/4 ,! we/ is j ! opposite direction f ea/4 ,:5 d we see ! sun rise8 ,:]e d we see ! sun rise8 ,:at is ! "n ( ?is direction8 ,:5 d we see ! sun set8 ,:]e d we see x set8 ,:at is ! "n ( ?is direction8 ,on :i* side ( ! s*oolroom does ! sun rise8 ,on :i* side does x set8 ,:i* is ! ea/ side ( y\r desk8 ,:i* ! we/ side8 ,:5 com+ to s*ool ?is morn+1 9 :at direction did y see ! sun8 ,if we walk s t ! morn+ sun %9es 9 our faces1 9 :at direction are we go+8 ,:at direction is beh9d u8 ,n[ t y "k ! ea/1 y w be able to f9d o!r directions 9 ?is way3 ,/ret* out y\r arms s t y\r "r h& po9ts t[>d ! ea/1 & y\r left h& t[>d ! we/4 ,y are n[ fac+ ! nor?4 ,! direction beh9d y is ! s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,y ,,are ,,n[ ,,fac+ ,,! ,,nor?4 ,write ! foll[+ on y\r slates3 ,! sun seems to rise t[>d ! ea/1 & set t[>d ! we/4 ,! we/ is j ! opposite direction f ! ea/4 ,:5 my "r h& is po9t+ to ! ea/1 & my left h& to ! we/1 my face is t[>d ! nor? & my back is t[>d ! s\?4 ,,oral ,,ex]cises4 ,:i* is ! nor? side ( ! s*oolroom8 ,:i* is ! s\? side8 ,:o sits to ! nor? ( y8 ,to ! s\?8 ,9 :at direction d ! pupils face8 ,on :i* side ( y\r s*oolroom is ! tea*]'s table8 ,:i* sides h no w9d[s8 ,:i* sides h no doors8 ,if a room has a fireplace 9 ! middle ( ! ea/ side1 :i* side ( ! room faces ! fire8 ,suppose ! w9d is bl[+ f ! nor?1 9 :at direction w ! smoke g8 ,9 :at direction f ! s*oolh\se is ! playgr\nd8 ,:at is ! fir/ /reet or road nor? ( ! s*ool8 ,! fir/ /reet or road ea/8 ,s\?8 ,we/8 ,9 :at direction is y\r home f ! s*ool8 ,! s*ool f y\r home8 ,! ne>e/ *ur* f ! s*ool8 ,! po/ (fice f y\r home8 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,/>s ,,%[ ,,direction4 ,y h le>n$ h[ to tell nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/ by ! sun2 b h[ c we tell ^! directions at night8 ,ask "s "o to po9t out to y a gr\p ( sev5 bright />s 9 ! nor? "p ( ! sky4 ,"s p ?9k t ?is gr\p ( />s looks l a wagon & ?ree horses2 o!rs say t x looks l a pl[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,be>4 ,! prop] "n ( ! gr\p conta9+ ^! sev5 />s is ! ,great ,be>4 ,! gr\p 0 giv5 ?is "n because m5 at fir/ ?\ght x look$ l a be> ) a long tail4 ,^! sev5 />s are call$ ! ,dipp]4 ,x is a "p ( a l>g] gr\p call$ ! ,great ,be>4 ,f9d ! two bright tw9kl+ />s f>!/ f its h&le4 ,a l9e drawn ?r\gh !m w po9t to ano!r />1 n q s bright1 call$ ! ,nor? ,/>4 ,t /> is always 9 ! nor?2 s by x1 on a cle> night1 y c tell ! o!r directions at once4 ,write on y\r slates3 ,sailors out on ! sea at night (t5 f9d direction by look+ at ! ,nor? ,/>4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,compass ,,%[s ,,direction4 ,b !re are times :5 x is cl\dy1 & nei!r ! sun nor ! />s c be se54 ,h[ c we tell direction !n8 ,h y ev] se5 a compass8 ,x is a box 9 :i* is a little ne$le sw++ on ! top ( a p94 ,:5 ?is ne$le is at re/1 "o end ( x po9ts to ! nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,compass4 ,z ! ne$le %[s :]e ! nor? is2 x is easy to f9d ! s\?1 ! ea/1 or ! we/4 ,) ! compass z a guide1 ! sailor1 9 ! d>ke/ night1 c tell 9 :at direction he is go+4 ,nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/ are call$ ! *ief po9ts ( ! compass4 ,o!r directions are nor!a/1 halfway betwe5 nor? & ea/2 nor?we/1 halfway betwe5 nor? & we/2 s\!a/1 halfway betwe5 s\? & ea/2 & s\?we/1 halfway betwe5 s\? & we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,compass4 ,write on y\r slates3 ,! *ief po9ts ( ! compass are nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/4 ,o!r directions are nor!a/1 s\!a/1 s\?we/1 & nor?we/4 ,sailors f9d _! way ov] ! ocean by ! help ( ! compass4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,que/ions ,,on ,,direction4 ,y\r tea*] w give y "t to discov] answ]s to ^! que/ions4 ,%e c\ld tell y1 b x is bett] to f9d !m out = y\rself4 ,if ,i g out ( doors1 h[ c ,i f9d ! nor?8 ,h[ c ,i f9d x on a />light night8 ,h[ c ,i f9d x on pleasant days8 ,h[ on ra9y days8 ,h[ does a sailor f9d ! nor?8 ,if y 7 lo/ & knew y\r home 0 nor?1 h[ w\ld y f9d x8 ,d y "k h[ hunt]s & ,indians :o live a great deal 9 ! woods f9d out :]e ! nor? is8 ,:5 y are 9 ! woods1 notice ! am\nt ( moss on ! nor? side ( trees z comp>$ to t on ! s\? side4 ,z w9t] approa*es2 _m ( our birds w want to g to a w>m] c\ntry2 9 :at direction w !y fly8 ,po9t to :]e ice & sn[ h _! home4 ,:at direction is t8 ,9 :at direction does y\r %ad[ fall at sunrise8 ,at sunset8 ,at noon8 ,:51 dur+ ! day1 is y\r %ad[ %orte/8 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,:at ,,direction ,,does ,,y\r ,,%ad[ ,,fall8 ,9 :at direction does y\r %ad[ ext5d f y\rself :5 x is %orte/8 ,:at "t ( day is noon8 ,h[ c we tell :5 x is noon8 ,:5 is ! sun highe/ 9 ! sky8 ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,may ,,we ,,discov] ,,by ,,wat*+ ,,! ,,smoke8 ,:at may we discov] by wat*+ ! direction ( ! smoke f ! *imneys8 ,:at does a vane on a /eeple tell u8 ,:at is a nor? w9d8 ,a s\? w9d8 ,an ea/ w9d8 ,a we/ w9d8 ,:at k9d ( wea!r may be expect$ f a nor? w9d8 ,f a s\? w9d8 ,f an ea/ w9d8 ,f a we/ w9d8 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,:at ,,! ,,w9ds ,,br+4 ,comes ! nor? w9d1 sn[flakes br++3 ,robes ! fields 9 pure/ :ite1 ,pa9ts gr& h\ses1 trees1 & m\nta9s ,on our w9d[-panes at night4 ,hills & vales ! ea/ w9d visits1 ,br+s !m *illy1 driv+ ra92 ,%iv]+ cattle homew>d hurry1 ,onw>d ?r\gh ! d>k5+ lane4 ,heat ! s\? w9d k9dly gives u2 ,r$d5s apples1 gilds ! pe>1 ,gives ! grape a ri*] purple1 ,scatt]s pl5ty ev]y:]e4 ,fl[]s sweet ! we/ w9d (f]s1 ,peep+ =? f v9es & trees2 ,br+s ! butt]flies s brilliant1 ,& ! busy1 humm+ bees4 ,ea* w9d br+s 8 own be/ treasure ,to our l& f ye> to ye>2 ,bless+s _m )\t measure ,e'er att5d ! w9ds' c>e]4 ,lillian ,cox4 ,:i*ev] way ! w9d do? bl[4 ,"s he>t is glad to h x s2 ,& bl[ x ea/ or bl[ x we/1 ,! w9d t bl[s1 t w9d is be/4 ,write all t y c tell ab\t ! w9d4 ,:at 0 ! direction ( ! w9d dur+ ! la/ sn[-/orm8 ,:y is ! nor? w9d cold8 ,:y is ! s\? w9d w>m8 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,tell ,,di/ance4 ,to tell :]e a place is1 we mu/ "k its direction4 ,b ?is is n all2 we mu/ also "k h[ f> x is f u2 t is2 its di/ance4 ,to f9d ?is out we measure4 ,y h (t5 he>d ( an in*1 a foot1 & a y>d4 ,?is l9e is "o in* long --------4 ,y\r rul] is twelve in*es long1 t is a foot4 ,?ree l5g?s ( y\r rul] make a y>d4 ,a y>d /ick is ?ree feet long4 ,illu/ration3 ,,measur+ ,,%ort ,,di/ances4 ,) ^! measures y c tell h[ long y\r slate or y\r desk is1 or h[ long & wide ! s*oolroom is4 ,! in*1 foot1 & y>d are us$ = measur+ %ort di/ances4 ,b :5 we wi% to tell ! di/ance betwe5 objects f> ap>t1 we use ano!r measure call$ a mile4 ,a mile is mu* long] ?an a y>d4 ,?9k ( "s object t is a mile f our s*oolh\se4 ,h[ long w\ld x take y to walk t di/ance8 ,illu/ration3 ,,measur+ ,,long ,,di/ances4 ,,oral ,,ex]cises4 ,h[ _m in*es long is y\r slate8 ,h[ long is y\r desk8 ,h[ _m feet long is y\r room8 ,h[ wide is x8 ,:at is ! di/ance ar\nd ! room8 ,h[ _m feet wide is ea* w9d[8 ,ea* door8 ,h[ _m y>ds wide is ! ne>e/ /reet or road8 ,ab\t :at is ! height ( ! s*oolroom8 ,( ! s*oolh\se8 ,( ! talle/ tree ne> by8 ,( ! ne>e/ *ur* spire8 ,ab\t h[ long is ! longe/ /reet 9 ! t[n :]e y live8 ,d y "k h[ _m blocks or squ>es make a mile8 ,"n ! ne>e/ riv] or creek4 ,give its direction f ! s*ool4 ,9 :at direction does ! wat] run8 ,give ! direction & di/ance ( ! ne>e/ *ur*4 ,:at mu/ y "k to g to any place8 ,,note4--,h pupils e/imate di/ances by ! eye1 !n v]ify by actual measurem5t4 ,cont9ue ! ex]cises until ! "w becomes q accurate4 ,correct ideas ( di/ance are necess>y 9 ord] to und]/& h[ l>ge ! _w is1 & h[ f> ap>t places are on its surface4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,,pictures ,,& ,,plans4 ,y all "k :at a picture is4 ,b d y "k :at a plan is8 ,a little boy want$ to %[ 8 c\s91 :o liv$ "s miles away2 ! %ape & size ( 8 h\se1 & h[ ! rooms 7 arrang$4 ,h[ c\ld he d ?is8 ,on a l>ge %eet ( :ite pap]1 he plac$ l9es ( blocks 9 ! =m ( 8 h\se4 ,!n1 ) a lead p5cil1 he drew a l9e on ! pap] along ! sides ( ! blocks4 ,he next took up ! blocks1 & !re1 on ! pap]1 0 a plan ( 8 h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,picture ,,%[s ,,! ,,objects4 ,"h is a picture ( a s*oolroom4 ,we see desks1 ! tea*]'s table1 a *air1 a clock1 globe1 & two maps1 9 ! picture4 ,! picture %[s ^! objects z !y w\ld appe> if we /ood at ! door beh9d ! tea*]'s table & look$ 94 ,?is is a plan ( ! s*oolroom1 a picture ( :i* is %[n above4 ,y see1 ! plan & picture are q diff]5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,plan ,,%[s ,,:]e ,,! ,,objects ,,are4 ,! picture %[s ! objects z we see !m be=e u4 ,! plan %[s :]e ! objects are1 & _! direction f "o ano!r4 ,n[ let u see if we c make a plan ( ! same s*oolroom on ! blackbo>d4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to measure ! sides ( ! room4 ,we w suppose ! two long sides are ea* =ty feet long1 & ! two %ort sides ea* ?irty feet long4 ,n[ we w draw f\r /raight l9es on ! bo>d = ! f\r sides4 ,( c\rse1 ! l9es mu/ be mu* %ort] ?an ! sides !mselves1 else our plan w be too l>ge4 ,make "o in* 9 ! plan /& = "o foot 9 ! room4 ,s ! l9es = ! long sides w ea* be =ty in*es long1 & ! l9es = ! %ort sides ?irty in*es long4 ,! next ?+ is to make spaces 9 ! sides = ! door & ! w9d[s1 & oblongs = ! desks4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t an in* 9 our plan /&s = a foot 9 ! object itself1 & !re=e we mu/ all[ z _m in*es = ! wid? ( doors & w9d[s1 & = ! l5g? & wid? ( ! desks1 z !re are feet 9 ! objects !mselves4 ,?us1 if ! door is ?ree feet wide1 we mu/ make x ?ree in*es wide 9 our plan4 ,& la/ly1 we w draw a circle = ! globe1 & an oblong & squ>e = ! tea*]'s table & *air1 t %all %[ j :]e & j h[ long ^! objects are4 ,we h n[ a plan ( ! s*oolroom4 ,let u put ,n4 to %[ ! nor? side ( ! room1 ,s4 to %[ ! s\? side1 ,e4 to %[ ! ea/ side1 & ,w4 to %[ ! we/ side4 ,we c n[ tell ! direction ( "o ?+ f ano!r 9 our plan4 ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,,writt5 ,,ex]cise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,picture ,,( ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds4 ,write ! answ]s to ! foll[+ que/ions1 9 full s5t5ces3 ,:at is ! "n ( y\r s*ool8 ,on :at /reet or road is x8 ,:i* side ( ! /reet8 ,betwe5 :at /reets8 ,9 :i* direction does ! build+ face8 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,s*ool ,,gr\nds4 ,h[ _m rooms has ! build+8 ,9 :at "p ( ! build+ is y\r room8 ,h[ l>ge is x8 ,h[ _m doors & w9d[s8 ,h[ _m seats8 ,9 :at direction is ! s*ool f y\r home8 ,h[ f> is x8 ,h[ long does x take y to walk to s*ool8 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,draw+ ,,plans4 ,draw a plan ( ! s*oolroom on y\r slates4 ,x _c be drawn on y\r slates z l>ge z x 0 drawn on ! bo>d4 ,s let "o in* /& = t5 feet1 in/ead ( = "o foot2 t is1 use a scale ( "o in* = e t5 feet4 ,y\r plan w n be z l>ge z m9e1 b x w %[ ! position ( ev]y?+ z correctly4 ,draw a plan ( ! top ( ! tea*]'s table1 %[+ two books & an ink/& ^u x4 ,fir/1 measure ! sides4 ,!n decide to :at scale y w draw y\r plan4 ,n[ draw a plan ( ! s*oolh\se & gr\nds4 ,y mu/ measure n only ! h\se1 b ! wid? & l5g? ( ! y>d4 ,! plan mu/ %[ ! size1 %ape1 & place ( ev]y?+ ^u ! gr\nds4 7,:ile draw+ a plan ( ?is k9d1 x is bett] to let ! pupils face ! nor?4 ,! top ( ! plan %\ld be ! nor? side ( ! gr\nds47 ,draw a plan ( y\r own room at home1 %[+ ! table1 b$1 *airs1 & o!r objects 9 x4 ,,oral ,,ex]cise4 ,if ! %ape ( a room is %[n on ! blackbo>d1 :at h we drawn8 ,is a plan ! same z a picture8 ,:at is ! use ( a plan8 ,m5tion "s ?+s ( :i* plans c be drawn4 ,,note4--,x is wrong to tea* t ! top ( a map or plan is always nor?2 z (t5 z n1 ! bottom is nor?1 9 plans especially4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,,god ,,made ,,!m ,,all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,purple-,,head$ ,,m\nta91 ,,! ,,riv] ,,runn+ ,,by4 ,all ?+s bright & beautiful1 ,all creatures great & small1 ,all ?+s wise & wond]ful1 ,! good ,god made !m all4 ,ea* little fl[] t op5s1 ,ea* little bird t s+s1 ,he made _! gl[+ colors1 ,he made _! t9y w+s4 ,! purple-head$ m\nta91 ,! riv] runn+ by1 ,! morn+ & ! sunset1 ,! tw9kl+ />s on high2 ,! tall trees 9 ! gre5wood1 ,! pleasant summ] sun1 ,! ripe fruits 9 ! g>d5-- ,he made !m e "o4 ,he gave u eyes to see !m1 ,& lips t we might tell ,h[ great is ,god ,almighty1 ,:o ha? made all ?+s well4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,,pla9s4 ,! floor ( our s*oolroom is level4 ,! playgr\nd is almo/1 if n q1 level4 ,z y look away f ! s*ool1 is ! l& ne>ly level8 ,did y ev] see a broad ext5t ( ne>ly level l&8 ,let u imag9e t we are out on a piece ( ne>ly level l&1 _m1 _m times l>g] ?an our playgr\nd4 ,su* a broad1 ne>ly level /ret* ( l& is call$ a pla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,su* ,a ,,broad ,,level ,,/ret* ,,( ,,l& ,,is ,,call$ ,a ,,pla94 ,if ?is pla9 7 cov]$ ) ri* gre5 grass & beautiful fl[]s1 we %\ld call x a prairie4 ,9 ! summ] x is a va/ sea ( wav+ grass4 ,on ! prairie we might f9d h]ds ( wild horses & cattle1 :i* fe$ ^u ! ri* grass4 ,if x 7 late 9 ! summ]1 :5 ! grass is dry & crisp1 x might cat* fire1 & we might !n see a gr& sight--a prairie on fire4 ,we n[ come to ano!r pla91 miles & miles long1 miles & miles wide4 ,no ra9 falls "h1 & !re=e we see no grass1 nor fl[]s1 nor cattle1 nor horses1 no?+ b dry1 burn+ s&1 rocks1 or gravel4 ,we are 9 a des]t4 ,b we are s ?ir/y & tir$6 ,no wat] to dr9k1 no %ade f ! burn+ sun6 ,sudd5ly1 9 ! mid/ ( ! des]t1 we come to a beautiful grassy spot4 ,!re is a clu/] ( date-palm trees1 &1 bett] /ill1 a well or a spr+ ( fre% wat]4 ,?is pleasant spot 9 ! des]t is call$ an oasis4 ,"h we may qu5* our ?ir/1 & re/ b5ea? ! %ade ( ! trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,pleasant ,,spot ,,9 ,,! ,,des]t ,,is ,,call$ ,,an ,,oasis4 ,an oasis is a f]tile spot 9 a des]t4 ,:at does f]tile mean8 ,:5 d we say l& is f]tile8 ,:5 b>r58 ,:5 des]t8 ,f9d a picture ( a palm tree1 & try to draw x4 ,if we 7 really 9 a des]t1 we might see a company ( m]*ants c>ry+ goods to sell 9 ! c\ntries !y visit4 ,su* a company is call$ a c>avan4 ,! goods are pack$ 9 bundles1 :i* are c>ri$ on camels' backs4 ,! camel c live = a long "t )\t dr9k+1 & c c>ry a heavy load ( m]*&ise a long di/ance4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! %ip ( ! des]t4 ,:y d travel]s use camels to cross ! des]t8 ,:y d !y n use horses8 ,if y c n f9d answ]s to ^! que/ions 9 y\r books at home1 ask y\r tea*] ab\t !m4 ,y h se5 a small :irlw9d 9 ! /reet4 ,! leaves flew r\nd & r\nd1 ! du/ :irl$ along 9 cl\ds4 ,trees are sometimes torn f ! gr\nd1 & h\ses ov]turn$1 by a /rong w9d4 ,n[ ?9k ( a w9d-/orm 9 ! des]t4 ,a l\d1 ru/l+ noise is he>d4 ,great cl\ds ( f9e s& are lift$ into ! air--cl\ds :i* d>k5 ! sun6 ,travel]s mu/ at once jump f _! camels1 cov] !mselves ) _! cloaks1 & lie flat on ! gr\nd4 ,! poor bea/s w close _! eyes & no/rils1 & kneel ) _! backs to ! w9d until ! /orm has pass$ ov]4 ,?ankful w ! travel]s be if none ( !m are buri$ 9 ! s&4 ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,,hills1 ,,m\nta9s1 ,,valleys4 ,! l& is n always level l a pla94 ,9 "s places x is high & unev54 ,we all "k :at a hill is4 ,x is l& a little high] ?an ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,is !re a hill ne> :]e y live8 ,let u walk to ! top1 & /& on its summit4 ,we w />t f ! foot or base ( ! hill4 ,n[ we h climb$ its /eep1 r\gh sides or slopes4 ,0 ! asc5t difficult8 ,is ! view f ! top f9e8 ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,c ,,y ,,see ,,f ,,! ,,top ,,( ,,! ,,hill8 ,:at c y see f ! top ( ! hill--mead[1 riv]1 lake1 t[n8 ,:at gr[ on ! hill8 ,:at live on ! hill8 ,:i* "p ( a hill is call$ ! base1 or foot8 ,! slope1 or sides8 ,! top1 or summit8 ,give two names = ! l[e/ "p ( a hill4 ,two = ! highe/ "p4 ,two = ! "p betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ p>ts4 ,p>ts ( ! l& v mu* high] ?an ! surr\nd+ c\ntry are call$ m\nta9s4 ,m\nta9s are mu* high] ?an hills4 ,h y ev] se5 a /eeple "o hundr$ feet high8 ,a m\nta9 is z high z tw5ty su* /eeples1 "o on ! top ( ! o!r4 ,h[ high ! m\nta9s mu/ be6 ,"s m\nta9s rea* away above ! cl\ds4 ,_! :ite tops seem to t\* ! sky4 ,a man on ! summit ( "o saw ! cl\ds b5ea? 8 feet1 :ile ! sun %one :]e he /ood4 ,:5 x light5$ he saw ! fla% f> bel[ him4 ,is x w>m or cold at ! tops ( m\nta9s8 ,) :at are _m high m\nta9s cov]$1 ev5 9 summ]8 ,! l& betwe5 m\nta9s or hills is call$ a valley4 ,is !re a valley ne> "h8 ,:at d y call ! gr\nd on ei!r side8 ,w\ld y l be/ to live on ! m\nta9s or 9 ! valley8 ,:y8 ,are m\nta9s ( any use8 ,yes1 hills & m\nta9s are ( v great use4 ,!y make ! e>? m beautiful4 ,tops ( high m\nta9s are s cold t !y turn ! cl\ds into drops ( wat] :i* fall z ra9 or sn[4 ,!n m\nta9s give rise to riv]s :i* make ! valleys beautiful ) grass & fl[]s4 ,m\nta9s d mu* good to "s c\ntries by keep+ (f cold w9ds4 ,!y also give u coal & iron & o!r m9]als :i* we f9d s useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?9k ,,( ,a ,,real ,,valley ,,betwe5 ,,m\nta9s4 ,"h is a picture4 ,:at d y call ! v high l& on ! "r & on ! left8 ,! long1 n>r[ piece ( l& betwe5 ! two m\nta9s8 ,:5 y look at ?is picture y mu/ ?9k ( a real valley betwe5 m\nta9s4 ,br+ pictures ( hills & m\nta9s to s*ool2 if y c f9d !m4 ,if y _h a mold+-bo>d & a few qu>ts ( s&2 y might repres5t hills & m\nta9s ) valleys betwe54 ,?9k ( a real hill :ile y mold4 ,draw on y\r slate a hill y h se5 ) a little ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,write3 ,a long1 n>r[ piece ( l& betwe5 hills & m\nta9s is call$ a valley4 ,a hill is l& a little high] ?an ! c\ntry ab\t x4 ,a m\nta9 is l& t rises to a v great height above ! c\ntry ab\t x4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,,ra91 ,,w9d1 ,,& ,,sn[4 ,d y see ! dropp+ ra91 ,pitt]-patt] on ! pane8 ,h[ x runs along ! /reet6 ,& x wets our little feet2 ,b x makes ! gre5 grass gr[1 ,& ! t9y /reamlets fl[4 ,li/5 to ! w9try bla/ ,moan+1 %riek+1 h[l+ pa/1 ,/rik+ ) trem5d\s =ce ,rocks & =e/s 9 its c\rse2 ,b x bl[s ! w9dmills /rong1 ,& x s5ds big %ips along4 ,wat* ! pretty sn[flakes fall1 ,"s are l>ge & "s are small2 ,look1 !y cov] all ! gr\nd1 ,miles ( dazzl+ :ite ar\nd2 ,b ?is cov]+1 ,i am told1 ,keeps ! e>? f fro/ & cold4 ,ah6 & ,i mu/ "w alway1 ,life's n meant to sp5d 9 play2 ,e mom5t's fleet+ fa/1 ,& our day w soon be pa/2 ,if our "w is truly done1 ,x w la/ ?\gh ages run4 ,( :at use is ra98 ,( :at use is sn[8 ,( :at use is w9d8 ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,,h[ ,,wat] ,,is ,,*ang$ ,,to ,,vapor4 ,:at happ5s :5 a kettle ( wat] is put on a hot /ove8 ,! wat] gets hot & boils away4 ,:]e does x g8 ,is x de/roy$8 ,! wat] is *ang$1 b x is n de/roy$4 ,coal burns1 b we d n get rid ( x altoge!r4 ,x is *ang$ into gas & smoke & a%es4 ,:at is ! wat] *ang$ into8 ,x is *ang$ to vapor4 ,if we let ! kettle rema9 on ! fire long en\gh1 ! wat] x conta9s w all pass away z vapor4 ,:]e does ! vapor g8 ,! wat]1 ?\gh turn$ into vapor1 mu/ be some:]e4 ,x is float+ ab\t 9 ! air ( ! room1 ?\gh we _c see x4 ,! air holds ! vapor1 j z a sponge holds wat]4 ,heat exp&s or swells air4 ,w>m air1 !re=e1 c conta9 m vapor ?an cold air4 ,on a w>m day !re may be _m times z mu* moi/ure 9 ! air z on a cold day4 ,moi/5 y\r slate ) a damp sponge4 ,obs]ve ! disappe>ance ( ! moi/ure4 ,dip y\r h& 9 wat]1 & wave x 9 ! air4 ,! wat] on y\r h& disappe>s4 ,:]e has x gone8 ,:5 wet clo!s are hung on ! l9e1 !y soon become dry4 ,:at becomes ( ! wat] 9 ! clo!s8 ,if we set a plate ( wat] out 9 ! sun%9e1 :at happ5s8 ,is ! wat] lo/8 ,! /reets & roads 7 wet & muddy1 n[ !y are dry4 ,:at has become ( ! wat]8 ,has x all sunk into ! gr\nd8 ,sometimes we see leaves & grass sp>kle ) wat]-drops1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,:5 ! sun %9es out & w>ms ! air2 :at happ5s8 ,:y does vapor rise into ! air8 ,:y does smoke g up8 ,because x is light] ?an air4 ,z vapor is light] ?an air2 :at d y ?9k ought to happ5 to x8 ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,,h[ ,,vapor ,,is ,,*ang$ ,,to ,,wat]1 ,heat1 z y h le>n$1 *anges wat] into vapor4 ,y mu/ also "k t cold turns vapor back into wat] aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,,?9k ,,( ,,! ,,kettle ,,) ,,! ,,boil+ ,,wat]4 ,n[ let u ?9k ( ! kettle ) ! boil+ wat]4 ,y w notice a little space2 q close to ! sp\t1 :]e no?+ c be se54 ,is !re no vapor !re8 ,yes1 !re is vapor !re1 b x _c be se52 x is invisible4 ,a little way f ! sp\t we see some?+ :ite1 l smoke4 ,?is is only ! vapor t has be5 *ill$ by ! cool air & *ang$ back aga9 into wat]4 ,! wat] is 9 ! =m ( v f9e p>ticles1 & may be call$ wat]-du/4 ,hold a cold plate ov] boil+ wat]4 ,obs]ve h[ ! wat]-du/ ga!rs into drops t roll d[n ! plate4 ,y h se5 ! inside ( w9d[s 9 cold wea!r cov]$ ) moi/ure4 ,:]e does x come f8 ,:y did x =m !re8 ,:y does x sometimes run d[n on ! cold pane8 ,! vapor 9 our brea? turns into wat] on fro/y morn+s4 ,expla9 ?is4 ,c>ry a pit*] ( ice-wat] into a room1 & notice :at takes place4 ,a ?9 mi/ at once ga!rs on ! outside ( ! pit*]4 ,:at takes place among ! little drops ( mi/8 ,:at becomes ( ^! l>g] drops8 ,:]e does ! wat] :i* collects on ! outside ( ! pit*] come f8 ,does x come ?r\gh ! pit*] f ! inside8 ,w\ld ! same ?+ h tak5 place if "s o!r cold object _h be5 us$ in/ead ( a cold pit*]8 ,write out :at y h le>n$ ab\t vapor4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,,dew1 ,,cl\ds1 ,,& ,,ra94 ,! sun is all ! "t heat+ ! wat] on ! l& & 9 ! sea1 & *ang+ x into vapor1 :i* rises 9 ! air4 ,we _c see ! vapor2 b x is 9 ! air ar\nd u4 ,if ! vapor 9 ! air is sudd5ly cool$1 a /range ?+ happ5s4 ,"s ( x quickly *anges back into wat]4 ,y h (t5 se51 9 ! e>ly morn+1 little drops ( wat] hang+ l pe>ls ^u ! blades ( grass4 ,n[1 :]e d ^! drops come f8 ,!y come f ! air4 ,! vapor 9 ! air floats aga9/ ! cold grass & leaves1 & is cool$ & *ang$ into t9y drops ( wat]4 ,we call ?is dew4 ,( :at use is dew8 ,if ! night is q cold1 ! dew w freeze4 ,x is !n call$ fro/4 ,y h se5 ! fro/y w9d[ pane ) ! beautiful pictures ^u x4 ,make a picture ( ! w9d[ z y rememb] x1 cov]$ ) ! pretty ?+s made by ! fro/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:5 ,,vapor ,,rises ,,high ,,9 ,,! ,,cool ,,air4 ,:5 vapor rises high 9 ! cool air x is turn$ into v small drops ( wat] or m9ute cry/als ( ice1 & we c see x float+ ab\t 9 ! air4 ,x is !n call$ a cl\d4 ,almo/ any cle> day y may see cl\ds =m & !n seem to melt away4 ,y h se5 on a blue sky1 light1 fleecy fea!r-cl\ds4 ,!y are v high up1 & x is v cold :]e !y are4 ,y h also notic$ ! cl\ds at sunset ) _! beautiful colors4 ,z ! sun sank l[] & l[]1 h[ did !y *ange1 9 %ape & color8 ,:5 cl\ds are l[ d[n1 ne> ! e>?1 we call !m fogs or mi/4 ,if cl\ds are cool$1 ! little p>ticles ( wat] ga!r into l>ge drops & fall z ra94 ,if ! drops %\ld freeze 9 fall+1 we w\ld call !m hail4 ,:at %ape are ! ra9drops8 ,( :at use is ! ra98 ,illu/ration3 ,,h ,,y ,,ev] ,,se5 ,,sn[flakes ,,?r\gh ,a ,,microscope8 ,sometimes1 :5 x is v cold1 ! moi/ure 9 ! air freezes be=e x =ms into drops1 & falls 9 ! beautiful flakes we call sn[4 ,h y ev] se5 sn[flakes ?r\gh a microscope8 ,sn[ keeps ! roots ( plants w>m4 ,_m plants w\ld die 9 w9t] if x 7 n = ! sn[4 ,:at o!r uses has sn[8 ,obs]ve ! cl\ds2 fog1 ra91 sn[1 dew1 fro/1 & tell :at y h notic$4 ,write :at y h se5 or notic$ ab\t vapor1 cl\ds1 ra91 etc4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,fairy ,,arti/4 ,oh1 !re is a little arti/ ,:o pa9ts 9 ! cold night h\rs ,pictures = little *ildr5 ,( wondr\s trees & fl[]s6 ,pictures ( sn[-:ite m\nta9s ,t\*+ ! sn[-:ite sky2 ,pictures ( di/ant oceans ,:]e pretty %ips sail by4 ,pictures ( ru%+ riv]s ,by fairy bridges spann$2 ,bits ( beautiful l&scape ,copi$ f elf9 l&4 ,! moon is ! lamp he pa9ts by2 ,8 canvas ! w9d[ pane2 ,8 bru% is a froz5 sn[flake2 ,jack ,fro/ ! arti/'s "n4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4 ,,h[ ,,riv]s ,,are ,,made4 ,h y ev] se5 a brook or creek8 ,a riv]8 ,is !re a brook or riv] ne> "h8 ,:o c tell :]e x beg9s8 :]e ! wat] conies f t fills x8 :]e x goes8 ,let u try to und]/& ?is4 ,z vapor rises into high1 cool air1 or is c>ri$ ) ! air 9 w9ds up ! sides ( m\nta9s1 x turns into wat] aga91 & comes fall+ d[n z ra94 ,n[ ?9k :]e ! ra9 t falls on m\nta9s mu/ g4 ,"s ( ! wat] runs (f on ! surface1 d[n ! m\nta9 slope4 ,"s s9ks into ! gr\nd1 & runs along 9 little /reams bel[ ! surface4 ,x w appe> aga91 bubbl+ out ( ! m\nta9 side z a spr+4 ,! spr+ is ! beg9n+ ( a riv]4 ,did y ev] see a spr+8 ,:]e 0 x8 ,0 x %ad$ by trees8 ,:]e did ! wat] come f8 ,did y dr9k f x8 ,0 ! wat] pure & cold8 ,:]e did ! wat] g aft] leav+ ! spr+8 ,illu/ration3 ,,did ,,y ,,ev] ,,see ,a ,,spr+8 ,f ! spr+ fl[s a t9y1 ?read-l /ream1 s small t we c easily /ep across x4 ,?is little /ream is call$ a rill4 ,o!r rills meet ?is1 & =m a l>g] /ream1 :i* is call$ a brook or creek4 ,illu/ration3 ,,riv] ,,f ,,its ,,s\rce ,,to ,,its ,,m\?4 ,z ! brook fl[s on1 x is jo9$ by o!r /reams1 until1 little by little1 x becomes a wide & deep riv] on :i* l>ge boats may float4 ,at la/1 x f9ds its way into ! ocean4 ,:]e a riv] beg9s is its s\rce4 ,! place :]e x fl[s into ano!r body ( wat] is call$ its m\?4 ,! l& ov] :i* x fl[s is its b$4 ,a riv] has two banks4 ,z we g t[>d its m\?1 ! "r bank is on our "r h&1 & ! left bank is on our left4 ,d y live ne> a riv]8 ,:]e does ! wat] come f8 ,9 :at direction does x fl[8 ,:y does x fl[ 9 su* direction8 ,does x w9d ab\t mu*8 ,does x fl[ into ! ocean1 or into ano!r riv]8 ,is ! wat] fre% or salt8 ,:at gr[ on its banks8 ,ne> :i* bank d y live8 ,make a picture ( a spr+1 & a brook fl[+ f x4 ,draw ! tall grass & plants t gr[ ne> x4 ,write ! names ( all ! riv]s y h se54 ,write ! foll[+3 ,wat] fl[+ out ( ! gr\nd is call$ a spr+4 ,f spr+s fl[ small /reams call$ rills1 brooks1 or creeks4 ,a l>ge /ream ( wat] fl[+ ?r\gh ! l& is call$ a riv]4 ,a small /ream ( wat] fl[+ into a l>g] "o is call$ a tribut>y4 ,! s\rce ( a riv] is :]e x beg9s4 ,! place :]e x empties into ano!r body ( wat] is its m\?4 ,e riv] has two banks--a "r-h& bank & a left-h& bank4 ,,lesson ,,xix4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,riv]s4 ,let u h ano!r *at ab\t ! riv]4 ,we may fancy t we are foll[+ x 9 its c\rse to ! sea4 ,we %all !n le>n = ourselves _m ?+s we d n "k ab\t riv]s4 ,we w beg9 our j\rney at its s\rce4 ,"h x is a little rill1 =m$ by wat] t trickles f a spr+1 or by ! melt+ ( sn[4 ,z x fl[s on1 x is jo9$ by _m o!r little /reams1 until x gr[s to be mu* l>g]4 ,!re is a l>ge ^w us$ = a /ream t fe$s ano!r /ream4 ,d y "k :at x is8 ,! ^w1 is tribut>y4 ,tribut>ies are (t5 call$ bran*es4 ,be=e we leave ?is "p ( ! riv]1 ,i wi% y to le>n ano!r h>d ^w4 ,y h se5 ! wat] run (f ! ro( ( a %$4 ,! ridge2 or highe/ "p ( ! ro(1 divides ! ra9 t falls on x1 s t "p ( ! ra9 fl[s d[n ! "o side1 & "p ( x fl[s d[n ! o!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hills ,,s5d ,,(f ,,/reams ,,on ,,bo? ,,sides4 ,n[1 hills1 l ! ro( ( a h\se1 s5d (f /reams on bo? sides4 ,:5 x ra9s1 or ! sn[ melts1 "s ( ! wat] goes d[n on "o side1 "s on ! o!r4 ,& t is :y ! hills :i* divide or "p ! wat]s ( /reams are call$ a wat]-p>t+ or wat]-%$4 ,let u n[ g fur!r d[n ! /ream4 ,"h we see x ru%+ rapidly d[n a /eep slope4 ,its wat]s foam & da% betwe5 ! great rocks t lie 9 ! /ream4 ,su* places 9 ! riv] are call$ rapids4 ,c y tell :y !y are s call$8 ,illu/ration3 ,,su* ,,places ,,are ,,call$ ,,rapids4 ,! /ream fl[s on4 ,x has n[ rea*$ a high l$ge ( rock4 ,ov] ?is x leaps1 mak+ a great foam & noise4 ,:5 ! wat] ( a riv] falls ov] high rocks1 x is call$ a wat]fall or cat>act4 ,y may h se5 ! ,falls ( ,niag>a1 ! greate/ wat]fall 9 ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,y ,,may ,,h ,,se5 ,,! ,,falls ,,( ,,niag>a4 ,! c\rse ( our riv] is n[ ?r\gh a l[] c\ntry4 ,! valley 9 :i* x fl[s spreads out1 & ! /ream gr[s wid] & wid]4 ,! wat] moves sl[] & sl[]4 ,:y is ! riv] swift 9 "s places1 & 9 o!rs sl[8 ,at l5g? x fl[s ?r\gh an almo/ level c\ntry4 ,x is "h wide/ & deepe/4 ,its c\rse is m w9d+4 ,d y "k :y x is crook$ & w9d+8 ,because on ! /eep hillside ! wat] runs v rapidly1 & is n easily turn$ aside4 ,:]e ! gr\nd is ne>ly level1 x runs sl[ly1 & is easily turn$ f its c\rse4 ,,lesson ,,xx4 ,,! ,,brook4 ,f a f\nta9 ,9 a m\nta91 ,drops ( wat] ran ,trickl+ ?r\gh ! grasses2 ,s our brook began4 ,sl[ x />t$2 ,soon x d>t$1 ,cool & cle> & free1 ,rippl+ ov] pebbles1 ,hurry+ to ! sea4 ,*ildr5 /ray+ ,came a-play+ ,on its pretty banks2 ,glad1 our little brooklet ,sp>kl$ up its ?anks4 ,blossoms float+1 ,mimic boat+1 ,fi%es d>t+ pa/1 ,swift1 & /rong1 & happy1 ,wid5+ v fa/4 ,bubbl+1 s++1 ,ru%+1 r++1 ,fleck$ ) %ade & sun4 ,soon our pretty brooklet ,to ! sea has run4 ,,lesson ,,xxi4 ,,"w ,,( ,,fl[+ ,,riv]s4 ,w\ld y l to "k m ab\t brooks & riv]s--ab\t ! "w !y d8 ,notice :at happ5s :5 x ra9s4 ,little t9y /reams are =m$1 :i* *ase ea* o!r d[n ! slopes4 ,see h[ !y cut away ! loose soil & c>ry x (f4 ,notice h[ muddy ?is loose soil makes ! wat]4 ,:at becomes ( ?is loose soil1 or mud8 ,fill a j> ) wat]4 ,put 9 a h&ful ( mud f ! ne>e/ /ream4 ,%ake ! j>1 & ! wat] is muddy4 ,let x /& a:ile4 ,:at d y notice8 ,! wat] is cle>1 & ! soil has settl$ to ! bottom4 ,foll[ ! /reams to ! valley :]e !y unite to =m a riv]4 ,:5 does ! load ( mud x c>ries settle8 ,"h1 :]e ! wat] sc>cely moves1 we f9d "s ( ! soil spread out ov] ! gr\nd ne> ! riv] banks4 ,y h se5 a riv] ov]fl[ its banks4 ,:5 ! wat] w5t d[n1 x left a lay] ( ri* mud1 :i* made ! soil v f]tile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,^! ,,f]tile ,,mead[s ,,7 ,,=m$ ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,loam4 ,h y nev] se5 ! l[ gr\nd on ! banks ( riv]s cov]$ ) ri* grass & clov]8 ,well1 ^! f]tile mead[s 7 =m$ out ( ! loam t has be5 wa%$ d[n ! /reams f ! f>-(f hills & m\nta9s4 ,look at ! j> aga94 ,:i* settl$ fir/1 ! co>se mat]ial or f9e loam8 ,:at k9d ( a deposit w be made 9 ! upp] c\rse ( a riv]8 ,:at k9d t[>d ! m\?8 ,high up 9 ! valley1 :5 ! riv] is l[1 we see pebbles 9 its b$2 l[] d[n1 ! pebbles are worn into gravel2 & z we get /ill f>!r d[n1 we f9d ! gravel gr\nd into s&4 ,exam9e ! /ones f\nd along ! %ore ( a brook or riv]4 ,"s are q smoo? & r\nd4 ,!y 7 n always s1 b _h %>p edges4 ,d y "k :at made !m r\nd8 ,:5 !re are heavy ra9s1 ! ru%+ wat] sweeps l>ge /ones d[n ! m\nta9 side & into ! valley4 ,z !y are c>ri$ d[n ! /ream1 ! /ones1 by rubb+ aga9/ ea* o!r1 are smoo!d & r\nd$ & gr\nd into pebbles4 ,! pebbles !mselves are gr\nd at la/ into gravel & f9e s&4 ,?is is :at ! /reams are do+ ev]y:]e--pl[+ deep furr[s 9 ! sides ( ! m\nta9s1 gr9d+ ! pebbles & s& into f9e soil1 & c>ry+ x into ! valleys bel[4 ,,lesson ,,xxii4 ,,wat]drop',s ,,/ory4 ,patt]1 patt]1 fall ! ra9drops on ! br[n leaves 9 ! woods4 ,mr4 ,squirrel's bright eyes sp>kle z he peeps out ( 8 que] little home1 a hole 9 ! tree2 8 /ore ( nuts has be5 c>efully hidd5 away4 ,spla% comes a drop on a leaf j opposite him4 ,su* a fri5dly little drop x is1 = soon x tells ?is little woodl& dwell] ( all its travels4 ,let u li/51 = we may he> too3 ,my home1 began ! ,wat]drop1 is 9 ! wide blue sea1 :]e ,i live ) _m1 _m o!r drops4 ,"o day z we rode up & d[n on ! big waves1 ! sun %one d[n on u1 & we grew w>m]4 ,ea* little drop felt1 ',oh1 if ,i c\ld only get away f ! o!r drops1 h[ mu* cool] ,i %\ld be6' ,!n ea* t9y drop sep>at$ f ! o!rs1 & grew s small y c\ld n see x4 ,we1 ( c\rse1 grew light]1 light] ?an ! air4 ,up1 up we rose into ! bright blue sky4 ,:5 we got pretty high1 :]e ! air 0 cool1 we came clos] toge!r aga9 & =m$ a great fleecy :ite cl\d1 t ca/ its %ad[ ov] ev]y?+4 ,!n a fri5dly w9d c>ri$ u along1 & soon we left ! sea beh9d4 ,f> bel[2 we c\ld see gre5 fields & wav+ woods4 ,y mu/ h be5 v happy said ! little squirrel4 ,yes2 x 0 a m]ry life we l$1 z we float$ hi!r & ?i!r1 play+ ) ! sun-beams1 repli$ ! ,wat]drop4 ,b we came at la/ to a purple m\nta91 & a *ill w9d began to bl[4 ,h[ we %iv]$ ) ! cold6 ,!n we huddl$ close toge!r to get w>m4 ,we 7 n[ heavy aga9--s heavy t we c\ld n /ay up 9 ! air4 ,!n1 ',i'm go+ d[n to *e] a fl[]1' ,cri$ a little drop ( ra92 ',i he> x sigh4 ,x droops its head ,z if 9 we>y pa94' ',& ,i w g6' ',& ,i6' ',& ,i6' ,cri$ all ! ra9drops ne>4 ,s d[n we w5t 9 m]ry ha/e ,! :ole wide field to *e]4 ,! droop+ fl[]s lift$ _! bright faces to ?ank ! little drops = ! cool dr9k4 ,ev5 ! great tall trees nodd$ _! heads 9 welcome4 ,! grass on ! hillside & 9 ! valley mu/ h be5 grateful1 too1 = y\r com+1 said ! squirrel4 ,x always looks s fre% & gre5 aft] a %[]4 ,b1 tell me1 :at became ( y8 ,i fell :]e ! gr\nd 0 br[n & b>e1 /opp$ = a mom5t1 !n w5t d[n1 d[n into ! gr\nd1 :]e all 0 d>k4 ,i met o!r drops try+ to get out1 & we w5t on toge!r1 turn+ fir/ ?is way1 !n t way1 till we bur/ into ! sun%9e aga94 ,we re/$ = a mom5t 9 a t9y pool ( cle> wat]2 !n ,i ran ) ! re/ d[n ! m\nta9 side1 slipp+ ov] smoo? pebbles1 & tumbl+ ov] %>p rocks1 until ,i f\nd myself 9 a deep1 swift /ream1 :]e plants & trees grew on ei!r bank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sudd5ly ,,we ,,fell ,,ov] ,,! ,,rocks4 ,z ,i 0 hurri$ along1 ,i he>d a great ro>+ noise made by ! riv] fall+ ov] a high l$ge ( rocks1 z a cat>act or wat]fall4 ,sudd5ly we fell ov] ! rocks s /eep & high t we w5t leap+ & da%+ 9 all directions4 ,we rose 9 ! air 9 a f9e gray mi/1 !n sank back aga9 into ! foam-cov]$ /ream4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!n ,,we ,,came ,,to ,a ,,big ,,mill-,,:eel4 ,soon we 7 9 a broad1 quiet riv]1 fl[+ pa/ ! grassy hills & gre5 pa/ures4 ,!n we came to a big mill-:eel1 ^u :i* we jump$1 & by our weight made x turn ov] & ov]1 & ?us move ! ma*9]y 9 ! mill4 ,"h we 7 toss$ 9 ! air1 :irl$ ar\nd1 & at la/ flung back into ! riv]1 :]e we sail$ sl[ly & quietly z be=e4 ,by & by1 we saw l>ge boats float+ on ! wat]4 ,we pass$ t[ns & cities ) busy /reets & _m p2 & z our riv] wid5$1 & we he>d ! big sea waves da%+ aga9/ ! %ore1 we knew our bro!rs & si/]s 7 s++ a welcome home4 ,illu/ration3 ,,we ,,pass$ ,,t[ns ,,& ,,cities4 ,& n[ f>ewell1 little squirrel4 ,my /ory is done1 & ,i mu/ ha/5 to my home 9 ! sea4 ,p]haps we %all meet aga9 "s day4 ,i may float d[n to y1 a :ite-w+$ sn[flake1 or patt] d[n z ,i came ?is "t1 a t9y ra9drop4 ,write ! foll[+3 ,! wat] rises f ! sea 9 vapor4 ,! vapor is turn$ into cl\ds1 :i* fall 9 ra9 or sn[4 ,! ra9 =ms riv]s1 :i* fl[ back aga9 into ! sea4 ,?us ! wat] is always go+ r\nd & r\nd 9 its long & curi\s j\rney--up to ! cl\ds 9 vapor1 d[n 9 ra91 back 9 /reams to ! place x />t$ f4 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,riv]4 ,oh1 tell me1 pretty riv]1 ,:5ce d ?y wat]s fl[8 ,& :i!r art ?\ roam+1 ,s smoo?ly & s sl[8 ,my bir?place 0 ! m\nta91 ,my nurse ! ,april %[]s2 ,my cradle 0 a f\nta91 ,o'er-curta9$ by wild fl[]s4 ,"o morn ,i ran away1 ,a madcap1 noisy rill2 ,& _m a prank t day ,i play$ ad[n ! hill6 ,& !n 'mid mead[y banks1 ,i flirt$ ) ! fl[]s1 ,t /oop$ ) gl[+ lips ,to woo me to _! b[]s4 ,b ^! bright sc5es are o'er1 ,& d>kly fl[s my wave2 ,i he> ! ocean's ro>-- ,& !re mu/ be my grave6 ,:]e h y se5 a riv] l ! "o spok5 ( 9 ! poem8 ,are riv]s born8 ,:at is meant by ,my nurse ! ,april %[]s8 ,i flirt$ ) ! fl[]s8 ,expla9 ! la/ /anza4 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4 ,a ,,map ,a draw+ made to %[ a room1 or a h\se2 or ! s*ool-y>d1 or ev5 a village1 is call$ a plan4 ,draw+s :i* repres5t l& & wat] are call$ maps4 ,y may le>n f maps :]e ! c\ntries1 & m\nta9s1 & riv]s1 & cities are t y h se54 ,x also %[s h[ f> places are f "o ano!r4 ,"h is a map %[+ m\nta9s & riv]s4 ,! _m %ort l9es fac+ ea* o!r repres5t m\nta9s4 ,to %[ ! v high "p ( ! m\nta9s1 ! l9es are drawn close to ea* o!r1 mak+ t "p ( ! map look d>k4 ,! l9e w9d+ ab\t1 l ! /ream itself1 repres5ts a riv]4 ,! l9e1 z y see1 is made ?ick] & ?ick] t[>d its m\?4 ,f ?is y may "k t ! riv] itself becomes broad] & broad] z x fl[s t[>d ! sea4 ,b y mu/ n ?9k t ! crook$ l9e on ! map is a riv]1 or ! l9es :i* face ea* o!r are m\nta9s4 ,if y d1 y w le>n v little ( geography4 ,:5 y look at ^! l9es1 y mu/ ?9k ( ! real ?+s :i* !y /& =--! l(ty m\nta9s1 ) _! cov]+ ( =e/s1 & ) long1 n>r[ valleys betwe5 !m2 ! w9d+1 g5tly fl[+ riv]1 be>+ boats ^u its wat]s4 ,,lesson ,,xxv4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,l& ,,& ,,wat]4 ,y all "k :at a pond is4 ,is !re a pond ne> :]e y live8 ,did y ev] fi% 9 x8 ,did y ev] walk r\nd x8 ,:5 a /ream1 on its way to ! ocean1 fl[s into a bas9 or holl[ 9 ! l&1 ! wat] spreads out & fills x4 ,a holl[ 9 ! l& fill$ ) wat] is call$ a lake1 or1 if x be q small1 a pond4 ,:at is a lake made (8 ,:at is r\nd x8 ,suppose "s "o :o nev] saw a lake 7 to ask y :at a lake is1 :at w\ld y say8 ,:at d we f9d 9 lakes8 ,w\ld y n l to sail on a lake8 ,9 ! holl[s among m\nta9s are great numb]s ( beautiful lakes4 ,9 _! cle> wat]s may be se5 ! m\nta9s1 ! =e/s1 & ! sky1 z 9 a look+-glass4 ,at night ! moon & />s may be se5 bel[ y z pla9ly z above4 ,"h is a picture ( a pretty lake 9 a valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,pretty ,,lake ,,9 ,a ,,valley4 ,y see a riv] fl[+ f ! hills beyond4 ,into :at is x fl[+8 ,! riv] t lets ! wat] into ! lake is call$ an inlet4 ,y see ano!r riv] t lets ! wat] out ( ! lake4 ,?is riv] we call ! outlet ( ! lake4 ,make a lake on y\r mold+-bo>d1 or 9 ! s& ne> y\r home4 ,repres5t its inlet & outlet4 ,out 9 ! lake is a little piece ( l& r\nd :i* ! wat]s play4 ,we c\ld n g to ?is l& )\t cross+ ! wat]2 ! wat] is on all sides ( x4 ,su* a little piece ( l& is call$ an isl&4 ,did y ev] read ! /ory ( ,rob9son ,crusoe8 ,y w rememb] t he w5t up a hill 9 se>* ( wat]4 ,:5 he got to ! top ( ! hill1 he saw t he 0 on an isl&4 ,h[ did he "k8 ,h y ev] se5 an isl&8 ,:at isl& 0 x8 ,c\ld y sail r\nd x8 ,:at 0 on e side ( x8 ,:at grew on x8 ,:at is an isl&8 ,if !re is a brook or lake ne> y\r home1 h[ c y make an isl&8 ,opposite is a picture ( a riv] & a lake4 ,make a map ( ! same riv] & lake on y\r slate4 ,notice h[ ! coa/ or %ore ( ! lake b5ds 9 & out4 ,write ! foll[+3 ,a lake is wat] surr\nd$ by l&4 ,! l& ne> ! wat] ( a lake is call$ its %ore4 ,an isl& is a little piece ( l& surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,,lesson ,,xxvi4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,=ms ,,( ,,l& ,,& ,,wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,picture ,,( ,a ,,p59sula4 ,an isl&1 z we h le>n$1 is a piece ( l& ) wat] all r\nd x4 ,n[1 sometimes we see a piece ( l& t has wat] ne>ly all r\nd x4 ,?is =m ( l& is call$ a p59sula4 ,! ^w p59sula means almo/ an isl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,a ,,p59sula4 ,9 ! picture we see a n>r[ /rip ( l& :i* ext5ds f> out into ! wat]4 ,y w notice t ! l& has wat] all r\nd2 except at "o place4 ,:at is ! "n = l& t has wat] on all sides b "o8 ,:at is a p59sula8 ,h[ w\ld y *ange ?is p59sula to an isl&8 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a p59sula & an isl&8 ,! n>r[ neck :i* jo9s ! p59sula to o!r l&--j z ! neck jo9s ! head to ! body-is call$ an i/hmus1 :i* means neck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,picture ,,( ,a ,,bay4 ,"h is ano!r picture :i* ,i wi% y to look at4 ,y see :]e ! %ore b5ds l a b[2 & ! wat] runs a little way into ! l&4 ,c y ?9k ( any?+ else t is b5t l ?is8 ,yes-a bay-w9d[4 ,n[1 :5 ,i tell yon t bay means ! same z b[1 y c almo/ guess ! "n = ?is b5d 9 ! l&4 ,x is call$ a bay4 ,y w easily rememb] t little ^w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,a ,,bay4 ,a wide op5+ or b5d 9 ! l&1 into :i* ! wat] fl[s1 is usually call$ a bay4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! op5+ 9 ! b5d is long & n>r[1 x is call$ a gulf4 ,on ! next page is %[n a n>r[ /rip ( wat] jo9+ two l>g] bodies ( wat]4 ,! "n giv5 to ?is n>r[ passage is /rait1 a ^w mean+ n>r[4 ,z an i/hmus connects two bodies ( l&1 s a /rait connects two bodies ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,picture ,,( ,a ,,/rait4 ,aft] a ra9 make little lakes1 riv]s1 bays1 etc4 ,p]haps y may f9d "s already made4 ,see :e!r y c f9d 9 ! magaz9es & books at home pictures ( gulfs1 bays1 p59sulas1 etc4 ,write ! foll[+3 ,a p59sula is l& almo/ surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,an i/hmus is a neck ( l& jo9+ two l>g] bodies ( l&4 ,a gulf or bay is a portion ( "s l>ge body ( wat] ext5d+ into ! l&4 ,a /rait is a n>r[ passage ( wat] t jo9s two l>g] bodies ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( ,a ,,/rait4 ,,lesson ,,xxvii4 ,a ,,trip ,,to ,,! ,,highl&s4 ,uncle ,tom _h be5 tell+ ,fr$ & me ab\t _m /range places he _h se54 ,la/ ( all1 he told u ab\t "s high m\nta9s he _h climb$4 ,we want$ to climb "o v mu*4 ,s fa!r said he w\ld g ) u up a high hill n f> f ! city4 ,"m did n ne$ to call u 9 ! morn+1 = we woke up v e>ly4 ,! sky 9 ! ea/ 0 bright1 & we knew t soon we %\ld see ! sun4 ,we want$ to />t at once1 b "m said x w\ld be bett] to h breakfa/ fir/4 ,we put on ?ick %oes t ! /ones w\ld n easily cut4 ,fa!r gave ea* ( u a /\t /ick to help u climb4 ,fr$ _h a knapsack1 9 :i* "m put "s bread1 cold meat1 crack]s1 & a cup to dr9k f4 ,9 "o corn] we put "s t[els4 ,we 7 soon outside ! city1 walk+ along ! road4 ,we pass$ a village1 & w5t ?r\gh fields & woods4 ,by & by we c\ld see ! l& be=e u ris+ high] & high]4 ,we saw no long] su* beautiful f>ms & g>d5s z we _h pass$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,z ,,we ,,w5t ,,up ,,! ,,slope4 ,9 a little :ile we rea*$ ! foot ( ! hill & began to asc5d4 ,z we w5t up ! slope1 we came to /eep1 rugg$ places t 7 h>d to climb1 :]e we ne$$ our /icks4 ,! trees 7 small]1 & !re 7 _m bu%es4 ,!re 7 l>ge rocks1 too1 9 ! sides ( ! hill4 ,at ! foot1 ! wea!r 0 q w>m1 b x grew cool] & cool] ! high] we w5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,we ,,c\ld ,,see ,,! ,,city ,,) ,,its ,,little ,,/raight ,,/reets4 ,on ! summit at la/6 cri$ ,fr$1 z we rea*$ ! top4 ,f :]e we /ood1 we c\ld see ! city ) its little /raight /reets1 t look s wide :5 we walk on !m4 ,we c\ld see ! h\se-tops1 too1 & ! *ur* /eeples4 ,!n fa!r %[$ u ! village we pass$2 & ! woods we w5t ?r\gh4 ,b ! trees look$ l bu%es1 & "s m5 at ! foot ( ! hill look$ no l>g] ?an ! baby4 ,d[n ! m\nta91 a little way1 we f\nd a spr+ :]e ! wat] 0 cle> & cool4 ,"h we sat d[n on a rock1 & ate ! lun* we _h br\ght4 ,:ile we re/$1 we wat*$ ! little rill t fl[$ f ! spr+-- ,blue 9 ! %ad[1 ,silv] 9 ! sun4 ,d[n ! hill1 x 0 l>g]1 & we saw o!r rills fl[+ into x4 ,:5 x rea*$ ! valley1 x 0 mu* l>g]2 & f>!r d[n1 fa!r said1 boats c\ld sail on x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,valley ,,lay ,a ,,l>ge ,,%eet ,,( ,,/ill ,,wat]4 ,be=e u1 9 ! valley1 lay a l>ge %eet ( /ill wat]4 ,oh1 h[ pretty6 exclaim$ ,i4 ,yes1 t is a lake1 said fa!r4 ,h[ beautiful x looks z ! sunlight plays on its smoo? surface6 ,x reflects 9 its cle> wat] ! sky & ! trees ar\nd x4 ,i c see an isl& 9 ! lake1 said ,fr$4 ,vessels are sail+ all r\nd x4 ,are all isl&s small1 l t8 he ask$4 ,oh1 no6 said fa!r4 ,"s isl&s are hundr$s ( miles r\nd1 & h _m p liv+ ^u !m4 ,fr$ !n po9t$ to a piece ( l& ext5d+ out into ! wat]1 & ask$ :e!r t1 too1 0 an isl&4 ,no1 repli$ fa!r1 t is a p59sula4 ,x is l& almo/ surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,& ! n>r[ neck :i* jo9s ! p59sula to ! ma9l& is call$ an i/hmus4 ,y see ! b5d 9 ! l&1 ) ! wat] f ! lake runn+ 98 ask$ fa!r4 ,yes1 said ,fr$4 ,t is call$ a bay4 ,ar\nd e ocean1 :i* is a mu* l>g] body ( wat]1 !re are _m su* bays4 ,! n>r[ /rip ( wat]1 :i* a boat is j ent]+1 is call$ a /rait4 ,! /rait sep>ates ! isl& f ! ma9l&4 ,/ret*+ f> away to ! ea/ 0 flat1 level l&1 :i* fa!r call$ a pla94 ,scatt]$ "h & !re 7 _m f>mh\ses & quiet villages4 ,little bright1 sp>kl+ /reams w\nd _! way l silv] ?reads ?r\gh ! gre5 grass ( ! mead[s4 ,x 0 a lovely sc5e inde$6 ,! sun 0 already l[ 9 ! we/ z we made ready to return4 ,z x set-- ,a wond]ful glory ( color1 ,a spl5dor ( %ift+ light-- ,orange & sc>let & purple ,flam$ 9 ! sky s bright4 ,,lesson ,,xxviii4 ,,spr+4 ,drops ( ra9 & bits ( sun%9e ,fall+ "h & gleam+ !re1 ,t9y blades ( grass appe>+4 ,tell ( spr+time bright & fair4 ,budd+ leaves are g5tly sway+1 ,m]ry glad notes sweetly r+2 ,rob9s1 bluebirds1 gayly s++1 ,tell ( happy1 pleasant spr+4 ,violets1 9 blue & purple1 ,by ! tw9kl+ wat] cle>2 ,fair spr+ beauties1 frail & da9ty1 ,tell ! /ory1 spr+ is "h4 ,*]ry1 pea*1 & apple blossoms ,scatt]+ fragrance f> & wide2 ,butt]cups & pure :ite sn[drops ,tell ( graci\s1 sweet spr+tide4 ,lillian ,cox4 ,,lesson ,,xxix4 ,,useful ,,vegetables4 ,9 ! he>t ( a se$ buri$ deep1 s deep1 ,a de> little plant lay fa/ asleep4 ,wake6 said ! sun%9e1 & creep to ! light4 ,wake6 said ! voice ( ! ra9drops bright4 ,! little plant he>d1 & x rose to see ,:at ! wond]ful outside _w might be4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,spr\t4 ,:at vegetables gr[ 9 y\r neighborhood8 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,v9e ,,beg9n+ ,,to ,,gr[4 ,( :i* d we use ! roots z food8 ,( :i* ! leaves8 ,( :i* ! se$s8 ,( :i* ! /ems or /alks8 ,:i* is ! mo/ useful g>d5 vegetable8 ,!re is no common g>d5 vegetable s highly ?\ght ( z ! potato4 ,h[ are potatoes plant$8 ,answ] ! que/ions 9 writ+ s z to make a little composition ab\t vegetables4 ,,lesson ,,xxx4 ,,useful ,,gra9s4 ,:eat & corn are call$ gra9 because !y are small1 h>d se$s ,:at o!r k9ds ( gra9 c y "n8 ,illu/ration2 ,,ripe ,,:eat4 ,:i* ( ^! gra9s is us$ ! mo/8 ,:i* makes ! *oice/ fl\r8 ,"s k9ds ( :eat are s[n 9 ! spr+4 ,^! are call$ spr+ :eat4 ,w9t] :eat is s[n 9 ! fall4 ,a few days ( sun & ra91 & ! plants spr+ up l grass1 rema9+ gre5 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,:at color does ! :eat turn z x rip5s8 ,:5 x is ripe :at is done ) x8 ,= :at is ! fl\r ( :eat us$8 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>ve/+ ,,:eat ,,9 ,,! ,,we/4 ,:at is sometimes done ) ! /alks1 or /raw8 ,indian corn is "o ( ! mo/ useful ( plants4 ,d y "k :y x is call$ ,indian corn8 ,x is because ! ,indians fir/ rais$ x4 ,:5 is corn plant$8 ,h[ is ! l& prep>$ = plant+8 ,:at is done to ! corn :ile ! plants are small8 ,:5 does x rip58 ,h[ tall does x gr[8 ,illu/ration3 ,,sev]al ,,k9ds ,,( ,,gra94 ,:at is ! /em ( ! corn call$8 ,:at are ! fl[]s on ! /alk ( corn call$8 ,on :at d ! gra9s ( corn gr[8 ,:at use is made ( ! gre5 /alks & leaves8 ,:at use is made ( ! ripe gra98 ,= :at are corn-husks l>gely us$8 ,sweet corn1 if boil$ :5 gre51 is an excell5t vegetable4 ,x is pres]v$ by cann+4 ,a l>ge cornfield1 ) its tall1 /raight /alks1 cov]$ ) gre5 %9+ leaves & cr[n$ by fl[]s1 is a v pleasant sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ano!r ,,gra9 ,,:i* ,,we ,,f9d ,,on ,,almo/ ,,e ,,table4 ,corn is sometimes call$ ! national emblem4 ,:at does emblem mean8 ,:at use is made ( oats2 b>ley1 rye1 & buck:eat8 ,"s ( ^! gra9s are useful 9 two or ?ree ways4 ,!re is ano!r gra9 :i* we f9d on almo/ e table4 ,x is rice4 ,! rice plant1 :5 gr[+1 resembles :eat2 b1 unlike :eat1 x ne$s a great deal ( moi/ure4 ,s ! rice-gr[] s[s x 9 fields :i* he c flood or dra9 at w4 ,d y "k :at p live on rice )\t any meat at all8 ,ask y\r tea*] to tell y h[ rice is rais$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,y ought to f9d some?+ to tell y\r tea*] & classmates ab\t ! gra9s4 ,p]haps y w\ld enjoy draw+ "s ( ! gra9s y h se54 ,*oose "o ( ! gra9s1 & write :at y h ,le>n$ ab\t x f conv]sation & obs]vation4 ,we pl[ ! fields1 & scatt] ,! good se$ on ! l&1 ,b x is f$ & wat]$ ,by ,god's almighty h&4 ,he s5ds ! sn[ 9 w9t]1 ,! w>m? to swell ! gra91 ,! breezes & ! sun%9e1 ,& s(t refre%+ ra94 ,,lesson ,,xxxi4 ,,fruits4 ,"n "s trees ^u :i* gr[ ?+s to eat4 ,:at d we call su* trees8 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,orange ,,trees ,,are ,,load$ ,,) ,,gold5 ,,fruit4 ,:at fruit trees h y se58 ,:at d we call ! place :]e _m fruit trees gr[8 ,did y ev] pick b]ries8 ,:at makes x h>d to pick blackb]ries8 ,"n fruits t gr[ ab\t "h4 ,:i* gr[ on trees8 ,:i* on bu%es8 ,:i* on v9es8 ,m5tion ! diff]5t uses ( ^! fruits4 ,! orange is "o ( ! mo/ delici\s & :olesome ( fruits4 ,x gr[s only 9 ! w>m] p>ts ( our c\ntry4 ,9 w9t] z well z 9 summ]1 ! orange trees are load$ ) gold5 fruit & fragrant blossom4 ,! blossoms are :ite1 & are v beautiful4 ,"n o!r fruits t gr[ 9 w>m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,p :o live 9 cold c\ntries ne$ su* food z w make !m w>m4 ,:at k9ds ( food are be/ 9 cold c\ntries8 ,:at p live ma9ly on fi% & ! fle% ( animals8 ,d any fruit trees gr[ 9 v cold c\ntries8 ,:at k9ds ( food are be/ 9 hot c\ntries8 ,! p _c eat fatty food1 = t w\ld heat ! body4 ,d we f9d 9 su* c\ntries gra91 vegetables & cool+ fruits = ! p to live ^u8 ,write answ]s to "s ( ! que/ions ask$ 9 ! lesson1 s z to make a composition ab\t fruits4 ,,lesson ,,xxxii4 ,,useful ,,plants4 ,:at plant supplies u ) mu* ( our clo?+8 ,"n articles ( clo?+ made ( cotton4 ,did y ev] see a field ( cotton8 ,9 ! summ] ! "y plant is cov]$ ) pretty1 pale-yell[ fl[]s4 ,9 ! autumn y see ! pod or boll :i* conta9s ! cotton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,y ,,see ,,! ,,pod ,,or ,,boll4 ,z ! pod rip5s1 x bur/s op54 ,! cotton-field is n[ a pretty sight--! bright gre5 leaves1 yell[ blossoms1 & sn[y cotton all m+l$ toge!r4 ,=m a picture 9 y\r m9d ( a field ( cotton 9 bloom4 ,! cotton is n[ pick$4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to sep>ate x f its se$4 ,?is is done by a ma*9e call$ a cotton-g94 ,illu/ration3 ,,flax ,,is ,a ,,small ,,plant4 ,n[ x is ready to be press$ 9 great bales & s5t to m>ket4 ,x w1 at la/1 g to ! cotton mills & be spun into ?read1 !n wov5 into musl91 calico1 etc4 ,are ! se$s ( any use8 ,!y conta9 a great deal ( oil1 :i* is press$ out by ma*9]y4 ,:at is ! "n ( ?is oil8 ,:at use is made ( x8 ,!re is ano!r plant f :i* clo?+ is made4 ,d y "k :at plant l95 is made f8 ,l95 comes f ! flax plant4 ,flax is a small plant :i* gr[s two or ?ree feet high1 be>+ on ! top a bun* ( pretty blue fl[]s4 ,a field ( flax 9 bloom is a v pretty sight4 ,! flax does n gr[ 9 a pod l cotton4 ,! /alk ( ! plant is cov]$ ) a b>k1 or sk91 conta9+ fib]s4 ,^! fib]s are spun into ?read1 :i* is wov5 into a clo? call$ l954 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,plant ,,t ,,yields ,,no ,,food4 ,! se$s are us$ = mak+ an oil call$ l9se$ oil4 ,= :at is l9se$ oil us$8 ,d y ?9k p :o live 9 hot c\ntries ne$ ! same k9d ( clo?+ z ^? :o live 9 cold c\ntries8 ,:at k9d ( clo?+ %\ld y ?9k 0 ne$$ 9 cold c\ntries8 ,w\ld su* clo!s be com=table 9 hot c\ntries8 ,!re is a plant t yields no food1 dr9k1 or clo?+1 yet x is us$ 9 ne>ly e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,c y tell its "n8 ,e "o has se5 x gr[+4 ,x is tobacco4 ,d y ?9k ! tobacco plant is z useful z ! cotton & flax plants8 ,ev]ybody eats sug>4 ,did y ev] see a table set = supp] )\t a sug> b[l8 ,illu/ration3 ,,sug>-,,cane ,,is ,a ,,tall ,,plant4 ,! sug> 9 common use 9 ?is c\ntry is made *iefly f sug>-cane4 ,! sug>-cane is a tall plant :i* looks mu* l ,indian corn :5 gr[+4 ,x is call$ ! sug>-cane because x is fill$ ) ! sweet juice t is made into ! sug>4 ,:5 ! /alks are cut !y are tak5 to a sug> mill4 ,"h !y pass betwe5 great roll]s :i* press out ! juice4 ,! liquid is !n boil$ until x turns to sug>4 ,mu* sug> is made f ! sap ( ! sug>-maple tree4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+ ! sap beg9s to rise4 ,a hole is bor$ 9 ! tree & a tube ins]t$1 ?r\gh :i* ! sap passes to a bucket or o!r vessel plac$ to receive x4 ,! sap is boil$ 9 l>ge kettles & becomes syrup4 ,m boil+ turns ! syrup into sug>4 ,write :at y h le>n$ ( cotton & l954 ,,lesson ,,xxxiii4 ,,=e/ ,,trees4 ,9 y\r walks :at ?+s please y ! mo/8 ,is x n ! trees8 ,trees are v useful to u1 & we ought to be v grateful = !m4 ,"n "s trees along ! /reets & 9 ! p>ks4 ,are !y useful to u1 especially on a hot day8 ,:y8 ,!n :at k9d ( trees d we call !m8 7,%ade47 ,:i* ( ^! are ! fir/ to put on _! gre5 dresses 9 ! spr+8 ,:i* are ! brighte/ 9 autumn8 ,"n "s trees t gr[ 9 ! woods4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,%ady ,,/reet4 ,"n a tree ^: wood is d>k4 ,a tree ^: wood is light4 ,a tree ^: wood is h>d4 ,a tree ^: wood is s(t4 ,"n "s trees t are valu$ = ! color & h>dness1 or ! beautiful gra91 ( _! wood4 ,:at k9d ( wood are ! desks made (8 ,! tea*]'s table8 ,:at k9ds ( wood are us$ 9 mak+ *airs8 tables8 pianos8 w9d[s8 floors8 ,if we wi% to make a c>riage1 omnibus1 c>t1 or wagon1 :i* wood %\ld we use8 ,:y8 ,f :i* trees d we get lumb] = build+8 ,c y "n a wood :i* is v h>d & t\gh1 & is us$ 9 build+ %ips8 ,:at d we call _m trees toge!r1 l ^!8 ,:at is ,arbor ,day8 ,:y ne$ we plant trees8 ,:at d we plant :5 we plant ! tree8 ,we plant ! h\ses = y & me4 ,we plant ! raft]s1 ! %+les1 ! floors1 ,we plant ! /udd+1 ! la?s1 ! doors1 ,! beams & sid+1 all p>ts t be-- ,we plant ! h\se :5 we plant ! tree4 ,:at d we plant :5 we plant ! tree8 ,a ?\s& ?+s t we daily see4 ,we plant tie spire t out-t[]s ! crag1 ,we plant ! /aff = our c\ntry's flag1 ,we plant ! %ade1 f ! hot sun free-- ,we plant all ^! :5 we plant ! tree4 ,!re are trees mu* l>g] ?an any we f9d gr[+ "h4 ,i am sure y mu/ h he>d ( ! great trees ( ,cali=nia4 ,"s ( !m are "o hundr$ feet ar\nd1 & ne>ly f\r hundr$ feet high1--twice z high z a v tall /eeple4 ,9 "o ( ^! trees1 if holl[$ out1 a l>ge family might live4 ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,trees ,,( ,,cali=nia4 ,9 y\r rambles 9 ! woods1 notice & exam9e ! trees :i* y see4 ,le>n to "k ! trees s t y c call !m by _! prop] names4 ,draw & pa9t "s ( ! objects notic$2 z gra9s1 vegetables1 trees1 etc4 ,y w enjoy ?is v mu*1 & x w help y to see ^! ?+s bett]4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiv4 ,,fl[]s ,illu/ration3 ,,fl[]s ,a fl[] is a weak & t9y ?+2 b !re are _m fl[]s1 & by help+ toge!r !y cov] ! e>? ) beauty & fill ! air ) sweetness4 ,!y seem to h be5 made to give u pleasure4 ,x w be easy & useful to le>n some?+ ab\t ! fl[]s t gr[ :]e y live4 ,h[ _m fl[]s c y m5tion by "n8 ,:i* d y "k at sight8 ,:]e w\ld y g to f9d !m8 ,w\ld y f9d !m all gr[+ 9 ! same place8 ,:i* c live only 9 wet places8 ,:i* ?rive be/ :]e !re is b little moi/ure8 ,if we take a walk 9 ! fields 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :i* fl[]s %all we be likely to see8 ,:i* lat]8 ,:at color are !y8 ,:i* are fragrant8 ,:i* mo/ beautiful8 ,:i* w\ld y l = y\r fl[] vase8 ,:i* w\ld y l to plant & c>e = 9 a box ( e>? or a g>d5-b$8 ,c y f9d & "n ! p>ts ( a plant--root1 /em1 leaves1 bud1 fl[]8 ,le>n ! uses ( ea* "p4 ,"h are "s pretty v]ses on ,spr+ & ! ,fl[]s4 ,p]haps y w commit !m to memory4 ,9 ! sn[+ & ! bl[+1 ,9 ! cruel sleet1 ,little fl[]s beg9 _! gr[+ ,f> b5ea? our feet4 ,s(tly taps ! ,spr+ & *e]ly3 ,d>l+s1 are y !re8 ,till !y answ]1 ,we are ne>ly1 ,ne>ly ready1 de>4 ,:]e is ,w9t] ) 8 sn[+8 ,tell u1 ,spr+1 !y say4 ,!n %e answ]s1 ,he is go+1 ,go+ on 8 way4 ,poor old ,w9t] does n love y1 ,b 8 "t is pa/2 ,soon my birds %all s+ above y-- ,set y free at la/4 ,,lesson ,,xxxv4 ,,:at ,,is ,,necess>y ,,to ,,make ,,plants ,,gr[4 ,plants d n gr[ 9 w9t]4 ,c y tell :y8 ,plants d n gr[ 9 hot places call$ des]ts4 ,c yon ?9k ( any reason = ?is8 ,:at two ?+s are necess>y to make plants gr[8 ,at :at "t ( ! ye> c !y get ^!8 ,if a c\ntry has a great deal ( heat & ra92 :at c we be sure ( ab\t its trees & grass & fl[]s8 ,!re are places t h ra9 en\gh1 b v little heat4 ,h[ d y suppose ! trees gr[ !re8 ,y may get in=mation ab\t plants & ?+s by see+ = y\rself1 by ask+ o!rs1 & by read+ books4 ,illu/ration3 ,,if ,a ,,c\ntry ,,has ,a ,,great ,,deal ,,( ,,heat ,,& ,,ra94 ,write ! names3 ,( "s gra9s t we use = food4 ,( "s vegetables t we use = food4 ,( two plants f :i* clo?+ is made4 ,( woods us$ 9 mak+ furniture4 ,( woods us$ 9 build+ our h\ses4 ,,lesson ,,xxxvi4 ,,summ] ,,ra94 ,oh1 g5tle1 g5tle summ] ra96 ,let n ! silv] lily p9e1 ,! droop+ lily p9e 9 va91 ,to feel t dewy t\* ( ?9e1 ,to dr9k ?y fre%ness once aga91 ,oh1 g5tle1 g5tle summ] ra96 ,9 heat ! l&scape quiv]+ lies1 ,! cattle pant b5ea? ! tree2 ,?r\gh p>*+ air & purple skies ,! e>? looks up1 9 va91 = !e2 ,= !e--= !e x looks 9 va91 ,oh1 g5tle1 g5tle summ] ra96 ,come ?\1 & brim ! mead[ /reams1 ,& s(t5 all ! hills ) mi/1 ,oh1 fall+ dew6 ,f burn+ dreams ,by !e %all h]b & fl[] be kiss$2 ,& e>? %all bless !e yet aga91 ,oh1 g5tle1 g5tle summ] ra96 ,,lesson ,,xxxvii4 ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,animals4 ,animals :i* live 9 or ne> p's h\ses & are tame are dome/ic animals2 o!rs are wild4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tig]',s ,,feet4 ,:at animals are f\nd :]e y live8 ,:i* are dome/ic8 ,:i* wild8 ,:i* ( ^! animals fe$ ^u grass8 gra9s8 fruits8 fle%8 ,y "k :at %>p claws a cat c put out :5 x pleases4 ,:at use does ! cat make ( its claws8 ,h[ does a cat's paw diff] f a dog's8 ,h[ does a dog seize its prey8 ,illu/ration3 ,,duck',s ,,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5',s ,,foot4 ,comp>e a duck's bill ) an owl's4 ,:at use does ! duck make ( its broad flat bill8 ,! owl1 ( its %>p hook$ bill8 ,h[ d ! bills ( ! h5 & ! duck diff]8 ,w\ld a bill fitt$ = peck+ be z useful to ! duck z its own bill8 ,illu/ration3 ,,seiz+ ,,claw4 ,c y draw a picture ( a duck's foot & a h5's foot8 ,= :at does ea* use its feet8 ,w\ld broad web-feet be z useful to ! h5 z sl5d] toes8 ,:at k9d ( feet has ! %eep8 ,= :at are its feet only us$8 ,c\ld a %eep use feet l ^? ( a cat or a h58 ,y see ea* animal has p>ts well fitt$ = ! life x leads4 ,,lesson ,,xxxviii4 ,,! ,,cov]+ ,,( ,,animals4 ,"n two animals cov]$ ) fur4 ,two cov]$ ) hair4 ,two cov]$ ) fea!rs4 ,:at d we call ! cov]+ ( a %eep8 ,( a pig8 ,( :at use is hair to animals8 ,:at cov]+ has an oy/]8 ,a lob/]8 ,a turtle8 ,( :at use is x to !m8 ,! duck's fea!rs are cov]$ ) an oily coat+1 :i* keeps !m f gett+ wet4 ,are ! fea!rs ( ! h5 s cov]$8 ,:y8 ,suppose a squirrel's cov]+ 7 l t ( a turtle's1 :at w\ld result8 ,:at w\ld result if a bird _h scales in/ead ( fea!rs8 ,y see t ea* animal has t cov]+ :i* suits its habits be/4 ,,lesson ,,xxxix4 ,,uses ,,( ,,animals4 ,:at dome/ic animals are us$ = food8 ,:at wild animals are us$ = food8 ,illu/ration3 ,,:at ,,dome/ic ,,animals ,,are ,,us$ ,,= ,,food8 ,f :at animals d we get beef8 pork8 mutton8 veal8 ,:at birds & f[ls are us$ = food8 ,:at fi%es8 ,f :at animal d we get wool8 ,h[ is wool tak5 f ! %eep8 ,:at articles ( dress are made ( wool8 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,:at ,,animal ,,d ,,we ,,get ,,wool8 ,"n ! animals ^: sk9s are us$ to make lea!r4 ,h[ is lea!r prep>$8 ,did y ev] see a tann]y8 ,:at d !y d !re8 ,f :at animals d we get furs8 ,:at is silk8 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,silkworm ,,& ,,mo?4 ,silk is made by little worms call$ silkworms4 ,:5 ! worm is fully gr[n1 x sp9s r\nd itself a small ball ( silk1 call$ a cocoon4 ,if ?is cocoon 7 left to itself1 ! worm w\ld *ange to a mo?1 & ! mo? w\ld eat its way out ( ?is little h\se4 ,b ?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld cut ! little ?reads & spoil ! silk4 ,z soon1 !re=e1 z ! cocoon is made1 x is put into hot wat] to kill ! worm4 ,9 ?is way ! silk is sav$4 ,almo/ e "p ( ! c[ is made use (4 ,= :at is ! fle% us$8 ,:at use is made ( ! ho(s8 horns8 hair8 ,:at is done ) ! sk98 ,:at o!r uses has ! c[8 ,:at animal %[s ! mo/ affection = 8 ma/]8 ,m5tion "s k9ds ( dogs4 ,y may h se5 a dog call$ ! ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,he is l>ge1 ) long curly hair4 ,9 ! ,alps m\nta9s1 :]e travel+ is dang]\s1 ! ,/4 ,b]n>d dogs h sav$ _m lives4 ,:o use _! dogs1 z we use horses1 to draw _! sl$ges8 ,:i* is ! mo/ useful animal to man8 ,draw & pa9t "s ( ! animals spok5 ( 9 ! lesson4 ,write ! names3 ,( animals useful = food4 ,( animals :i* "w = man4 ,( animals useful to u = clo?+4 ,( birds & f[ls us$ = food4 ,,lesson ,,xl4 ,,! ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,seasons4 ,:at does x mean :5 ! bluebird comes ,& builds its ne/1 s++ sweet & cle>8 ,:5 violets peep among blades ( grass8-- ,^! are ! signs t spr+ is "h4 ,:at does x mean :5 b]ries are ripe8 ,:5 butt]flies flit1 & honeybees hum8 ,:5 cattle /& "u ! %ady trees8-- ,^! are ! signs t summ] has come4 ,:at does x mean :5 ! crickets *irp1 ,& away to ! s\? ! rob9s /e]8 ,:5 apples are fall+1 & leaves gr[ br[n8-- ,^! are ! signs t autumn is "h ,:at does x mean :5 days are %ort8 ,:5 leaves are gone1 & brooks are dumb ,:5 fields are :ite ) drift$ sn[8-- ,^! are ! signs t w9t] has come4 ,,lesson ,,xli4 ,,?+s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,! e>? conta9s _m ?+s t are ( great value to u4 ,^! we mu/ f9d & dig out4 ,! coal we burn 9 our grates to w>m u2 iron1 f :i* s _m useful ?+s are made2 gold1 silv]1 t91 lead1 & copp]1--all come out ( ! e>?4 ,b ^! are n all ! valuable ?+s hidd5 away 9 ! e>?4 ,f salt wells we get a great deal ( ! salt us$ on our tables4 ,f oil wells is obta9$ ! oil we use 9 our lamps to give u light4 ,diamonds :i* sp>kle s beautifully1 & ! /one we use 9 build+1 are also tak5 f ! e>?4 ,coal1 iron1 gold1 silv]1 lead1 t91 copp]1 m]cury1 & salt are call$ m9]als4 ,! op5+ dug 9 ! e>? f :i* m9]als1 except /one1 are tak52 is call$ a m9e4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful ( m9]als is coal4 ,did y ev] /op to ?9k h[ mu* h>d "w coal does = u8 ,x gr9ds our :eat1 x weaves our clo?1 x c>ries u by sea & by l& ov] ! e>?4 ,h>dly any labor c be done )\t coal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oil ,,wells4 ,y h notic$ t "s coal burns ) a great deal ( flame & smoke4 ,t is call$ s(t or bitum9\s coal4 ,t h>d1 clean-look+ coal1 :i* burns ) little blaze1 yet gives out su* great heat1 is an?racite coal4 ,coal has _m uses4 ,m5tion all y c ?9k (4 ,f :i* k9d is gas obta9$1 h>d or s(t coal8 ,:at is coal8 ,"s day y w be able to und]/& h[ coal 0 made1 & h[ x got deep d[n 9 ! e>?4 ,:at article us$ ) food is f\nd 9 m9es8 ,does all salt come out ( ! m9es8 ,h[ is ! salt made t is n f\nd 9 m9es8 ,!re are salt m9es :]e m51 wom51 & *ildr5 live all _! lives1 & nev] see sun or sky4 ,_m great rooms & gall]ies1 ) tall pill>s to hold up ! ro(1 are cut out ( ! salt4 ,:5 light$ up ) tor*es1 !y glitt] z if /udd$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,x is l a fairy palace4 ,"s m9]als are call$ metals4 ,iron1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 t91 & m]cury are metals4 ,iron is ! mo/ useful ( all metals4 ,did y ev] ?9k :at we %\ld d )\t ?is h>d1 /rong metal8 ,! foll[+ l9es tell "s ( ! uses ( iron3 ,illu/ration3 ,,iron ,,m9e4 ,iron vessels cross ! ocean4 ,iron eng9es give !m motion2 ,iron pipe our gas deliv]s1 ,iron bridges span our riv]s1 ,iron horses draw our loads1 ,iron rails compose our roads2 ,iron h\ses1 iron walls1 ,iron cannon1 iron balls1 ,iron lightn+ rods on spires1 ,iron telegraphic wires1 ,iron hamm]s1 nails1 & screws1 ,iron ev]y?+ we use4 ,/eel is iron made v h>d4 ,knives1 axes1 hat*ets1 & o!r tools are made ( /eel4 ,_m little ?+s are made ( /eel4 ,m5tion "s ( !m4 ,:i* is ! mo/ valuable ( all metals8 ,is all ! gold made into money8 ,is money made ( pure gold8 ,:y8 ,"n articles ( ornam5t made ( gold4 ,articles ( use4 ,are gold wat*es1 *a9s1 & r+s usually made ( pure gold8 ,:y8 ,:at d y call ! man :o makes ^! articles8 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/+ ,,iron ,,f ,,! ,,ore4 ,silv] is ! :ite/ & mo/ lu/r\s ( all ! metals4 ,:at does lu/r\s mean8 ,is iron lu/r\s8 ,are silv] articles usually made ( pure silv]8 ,:y8 ,silv] & gold are f\nd among ! m\nta9s 9 ! we/4 ,sometimes !y are dug out ( ! gr\nd4 ,sometimes !y are f\nd 9 rocks1 & ! rocks mu/ be brok5 up be=e !y c be tak5 out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sometimes ,,m5 ,,wa% ,,d[n ,,! ,,hills4 ,sometimes m5 wa% d[n ! hills ) /reams ( wat] 9 ord] to get at ! silv] or gold among ! rocks4 ,gold & silv] are call$ ! preci\s metals because !y d n ru/1 & on acc\nt ( _! sc>city4 ,t9 is :ite & bright1 b too s(t to make articles :i* %all be light & /rong4 ,!re=e1 ?9 plates ( iron are dipp$ into melt$ t94 ,! t9 adh]es to ! iron & makes x bright l t9 itself4 ,a ?9 %eet ( iron1 cov]$ ) t91 is call$ t9-plate4 ,x is ( ?is t our t9 cups1 pans1 & kit*5 ut5sils are made4 ,a t9 cup is really made ( iron4 ,lead is a v heavy metal4 ,x is s s(t t x c be cut ) a knife4 ,x is us$ 9 mak+ %ot1 & wat] pipes4 ,d y "k h[ %ot is made8 ,did y ev] see a %ot-t[]8 ,small %ot is made by dropp+ melt$ lead ?r\gh a sieve 9 rapid motion1 f ! top ( a high t[]4 ,! drops fall into a vessel ( wat] bel[4 ,!y are next poli%$ & made black1 & !n are ready = sale4 ,y ?9k1 ,i suppose1 t ! lead p5cil ) :i* y write is made ( lead4 ,x is n made ( lead1 b ( graphite1 :i* is a k9d ( coal4 ,copp] is s(t] ?an iron1 b h>d] ?an lead4 ,x w n ru/4 ,cook+ vessels are (t5 made ( copp]4 ,z9c is ano!r valuable metal1 & is almo/ ! color ( t94 ,brass is made by mix+ copp] & z9c toge!r4 ,m5tion "s articles made ( brass4 ,write five l9es ab\t t94 ,write five or m l9es ab\t coal4 ,write :at y "k ( iron1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 lead4 ,,lesson ,,xlii4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,?+s ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,granite ,,qu>ry4 ,we h se5 t !re are _m k9ds ( metals4 ,!re are also _m k9ds ( /one4 ,^? :i* are /rong & d n crumble by exposure are useful = build+4 ,! place f :i* /ones are tak5 = build+ is call$ a qu>ry4 ,! m common /ones are granite1 s&/one2 lime/one1 m>ble1 & slate4 ,we w fir/ exam9e a piece ( granite4 ,h[ h>d & firm x is6 ,:at a beautiful clean surface :5 poli%$6 ,granite is us$ = /eps1 = pav+ /reets1 & = sidewalk curb+s4 ,are h\ses ev] built ( granite8 ,c y ?9k ( o!r uses ( granite8 ,:y is granite us$ = ^! purposes8 ,x is easily %ap$4 ,x is h>d en\gh to give /r5g?4 ,x is endur+4 ,:at does endur+ mean8 ,?is is a piece ( s&/one1 made ( little gra9s ( s&4 ,x w crumble m easily ?an granite4 ,:at does crumble mean8 ,br[n/one1 us$ 9 build+1 is a k9d ( s&/one4 ,& ?is is ! common gray lime/one ( :i* lime us$ 9 build+ is made4 ,! l>ge ov5 9 :i* lime is burn$ is call$ a lime-kiln4 ,did y ev] see "o8 ,c y tell h[ ! lime is made8 ,"h are ?ree pieces ( m>ble4 ,?is piece is pure :ite4 ,?is is color$4 ,x is m>k$ by _m /range =ms1 z y see 9 y\r mantel-pieces & table-tops4 ,9 ?is piece1 y see _m color$ spots--mottl$ x may be call$4 ,m>ble is beautiful :5 poli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,m>ble ,,qu>ry4 ,9 :at diff]5t ways h y se5 m>ble us$8 ,:at p>ts ( furniture are sometimes m>ble8 ,:y is x suitable = ?is8 ,is m>ble ev] us$ = build+ h\ses8 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be good = t purpose8 ,:y8 ,:i*1 d y ?9k1 is ! be/ ( all build+ /ones8 ,:y8 ,m>ble & granite are ! mo/ beautiful & endur+ ( all build+ /ones4 ,*alk is a v>iety ( lime/one4 ,c\ld x be us$ z a build+ /one8 ,is *alk h>d] or s(t] ?an o!r /one8 ,y ne$ n to be told ! "n ( ?is d>k /one4 ,y c\ld n get along well 9 s*ool )\t slate4 ,slate is easily split into ?9 plates1 & has a smoo?1 firm surface4 ,slate is us$ to write on4 ,x is us$ 9 h\se build+4 ,:at "p ( a h\se is sometimes slate8 ,?9k ( o!r uses4 ,:y is x useful = ^! purposes8 ,we mu/ n =get brick 9 our talks ab\t ?+s t come out ( ! gr\nd4 ,brick is n f\nd 9 ! e>?1 z ! metals & /one are f\nd2 b x is made ( clay1 :i* is itself a "p ( ! gr\nd4 ,h y ev] se5 a brick-y>d8 ,:at are "s ( ! uses ( bricks8 ,:at is ! man call$ :o builds h\ses ( bricks8 ,is glass tak5 out ( a m9e or qu>ry8 ,no2 b glass is made f s&2 :i* is also a "p ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 lay+ brick or /one1 ! mason uses mort>4 ,mort> is made *iefly ( lime4 ,lime is made ( /one :i* comes out ( ! gr\nd4 ,if possible1 visit m9es & qu>ries4 ,take c>eful notice ( all y see1 & on y\r return to s*ool tell :at y h le>n$4 ,,lesson ,,xliii4 ,,h[ ,,p ,,live ,,& ,,:at ,,!y ,,are ,,do+ ,illu/ration3 ,,did ,,y ,,ev] ,,he> ,,( ,,p ,,:o ,,live ,,9 ,,sn[ ,,h\ses8 ,c y ?9k ( any?+ us$ 9 build+ h\ses t does n come f ! e>?8 ,d all p h l>ge1 f9e h\ses ( brick or /one to live 98 ,:at is a t5t8 ,illu/ration3 ,,wigwams4 ,a wigwam8 ,:o live 9 huts8 ,did y ev] he> ( p :o live 9 sn[ h\ses8 ,illu/ration3 ,,h\ses ,,built ,,( ,,bamboo4 ,9 "s places h\ses are built ( bamboo4 ,bamboo is a k9d ( cane t gr[s 9 w>m c\ntries4 ,:at build+ is n[ go+ up 9 ?is place8 ,tell ! use ( /one1 brick1 mort>1 iron1 t91 lead1 & glass 9 build+ ! h\se4 ,:]e & h[ are !y obta9$8 ,illu/ration3 ,,:o ,,live ,,9 ,,huts8 ,we c\ld n live )\t food4 ,we mu/ also h clo!s to we> & h\ses to live 94 ,besides ^!1 we ne$ s*ools1 books1 & *ur*es1 :i* make u wis] & bett]4 ,n[1 if y ?9k a little1 y c "n _m o!r ?+s :i* we ne$ to make our homes beautiful4 ,to supply u ) all ( ^! ?+s1 m5 mu/ d _m diff]5t k9ds ( "w4 ,:]e does ! food we eat come f8 ,we get mo/ ( x f plants4 ,:eat1 corn1 peas1 & beans are se$s ( plants4 ,almo/ all our bread is made f :eat4 ,beets1 turnips1 & radi%es are roots ( plants4 ,lettuce & cabbage are ! leaves ( plants4 ,illu/ration3 ,,our ,,bread ,,is ,,made ,,f ,,:eat4 ,apples1 pea*es1 pe>s1 & o!r fruits gr[ on plants4 ,all ^! we use = food4 ,plants also supply u ) mat]ial = clo?+4 ,"s clo!s are made f cotton2 cotton gr[s 9 ! pod ( a plant4 ,"s clo!s are made f l952 l95 comes f flax1 :i* is a plant4 ,hats are made f /raw2 /raw is ! /em or /alk ( plants4 ,n[1 ^! plants1 :i* supply u ) s mu* ( our food & clo?+1 d n gr[ ( !mselves4 ,! gr\nd mu/ be pl[$1 ! se$s plant$ & tak5 c>e ( :ile gr[+4 ,s1 outside ! city1 y may see a great _m p at "w rais+ gra91 vegetables1 & o!r plants4 ,?is occupation we call agriculture or f>m+2 ! p we call f>m]s4 ,animals1 z well z plants1 furni% mu* ( our food4 ,all meat comes f animals4 ,we get milk f c[s4 ,f milk we make butt] & *eese4 ,animals also supply u ) clo?+4 ,_m articles ( dress are made ( wool4 ,wool1 y "k1 gr[s on ! %eep4 ,%oes & kid gloves are made ( lea!r4 ,lea!r is made f ! hides ( c[s2 %eep1 ox51 & goats4 ,b animals c\ld n live & gr[ if p did n c>efully raise !m4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 yon may see flocks ( %eep & h]ds ( c[s & ox5 fe$+ on ! fre% sweet grass ( ! pa/ures4 ,^? animals are call$ /ock4 ,! bus9ess ( ^? :o raise !m is call$ /ock-rais+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]ds ,,( ,,c[s ,,& ,,ox5 ,,fe$+4 ,mo/ f>m]s raise c[s1 horses1 & o!r animals4 ,:i* l& does ! f>m] use = pa/ure8 ,:at is a pa/ure8 ,:at is a mead[8 ,graz+ means fe$+ on grass4 ,:at animals h y se5 graz+8 ,does a dog graze8 ,a c[8 ,m\nta9s1 s r\gh & rocky1 are n good = f>ms & g>d5s4 ,b _m ( !m conta9 coal1 on :i* millions ( p dep5d = heat & light4 ,9 m\nta9s1 too1 we f9d iron1 :i* is m useful to u ?an gold & silv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,m9e ,,is ,,l ,a ,,great ,,cav]n4 ,to get ^!1 ?\s&s ( m5 are at "w 9 places call$ m9es4 ,a m9e is l a great cav]n4 ,!re is nei!r sun nor sky4 ,tor*es & lamps give ! only light ! m9]s h to see by4 ,! air is damp & close4 ,i suppose y w\ld n l to "w 9 su* a place4 ,yet great numb]s ( p]sons are employ$ 9 m9+4 ,h[ is coal tak5 out ( a m9e8 ,:at are ! dang]s ( coal-m9+8 ,try to f9d answ]s to ^! que/ions = y\rself4 ,if necess>y1 y\r tea*] w help y4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry are =e/s ( p9e1 oak1 & o!r trees4 ,"s ( ^! =e/s are s l>ge we might travel = days or weeks ?r\gh !m4 ,f trees we get lumb]4 ,lumb] is ne$$ = build+ h\ses & %ips1 & = furniture4 ,s a great _m m5 are employ$ 9 cutt+ d[n trees & prep>+ ! wood = use4 ,?is is call$ lumb]+4 ,! lumb]m5 g into ! woods 9 w9t]1 & build !mselves little huts to live 94 ,all ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s !y "w 9 ! woods f sunrise to sunset1 fell+ ! be/ trees & cutt+ !m into logs4 ,!n !y haul !m ov] ! sn[-cov]$ gr\nd to ! froz5 /reams1 & pile !m ^u ! banks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!y ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,woods4 ,"h ! logs mu/ re/ till ! sn[ & ice h melt$ & ! /reams are full4 ,!n !y are float$ d[n to ! great saw-mills2 & cut up into bo>ds1 la?s1 %+les1 & o!r k9ds ( lumb]4 ,:at is a =e/8 ,"n "s =e/ trees t gr[ ne> y\r home4 ,! sea yields mu* t we eat4 ,"s p>ts ab\nd 9 codfi%1 mack]el1 & h]r+4 ,s>d9es1 ! little fi% t come 9 boxes1 are also f\nd 9 ! sea4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ?\s&s ( p :o live ne> ! ocean to cat* fi%1 salt !m1 & pack !m1 to s5d to ^? :o want !m = food4 ,illu/ration3 ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,( ,,?\s&s ,,( ,,p4 ,h y ev] se5 ! ocean1 or eat5 any ( its fi%8 ,"n "s fi%es f\nd 9 fre% wat]4 ,"n "s k9ds ( fi%es f\nd 9 wat]s ne> :]e y live4 ,h[ may !y be caught8 ,,lesson ,,xliv4 ,,m ,,ab\t ,,:at ,,p ,,are ,,do+4 ,9 ! city or t[n we %all f9d _m ( ! p busy ab\t some?+ else ?an ! occupations we h le>n$4 ,:at d y suppose x is8 ,if y g ab\t ! city1 y w see l>ge build+s sev]al /ories high1 ) long r[s ( w9d[s1 & great smok+ *imneys4 ,^! are mills or factories1 full ( ma*9es 9 motion do+ _! "w almo/ l human be+s4 ,! p :o "w 9 !m make almo/ ev]y?+ t is ne$$ = our use4 ,:eat is *ang$ into fl\r2 cotton1 into ?read1 f9e musl9s1 & pretty calicoes2 lea!r1 into boots & %oes2 iron & /eel1 into pl[s1 /oves2 & cutl]y2 lumb]1 into wagons1 c>riages1 & all k9ds ( furniture4 ,o!r articles :i* we mu/ n =get are elegant jewelry1 all sorts ( ornam5ts = p>lors1 & beautiful toys :i* y admire s mu*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,busy ,,mills ,,& ,,factories4 ,x w\ld take a long "t to "n a small "p ( ! ?+s made 9 ! busy mills & factories2 b ?9k ( ! articles us$ 9 y\r home1 & y may be sure !y are manufactur$ articles4 ,y see1 manufactur+ gives "w to _m ?\s&s ( p]sons4 ,:at is cutl]y8 ,"n "s articles ( cutl]y4 ,we ne$ _m ?+s :i* we d n produce4 ,o!r p ne$ ?+s :i* !y d n produce4 ,h[ c ea* obta9 :at he ne$s8 ,by ex*ang+ "o ?+ = ano!r4 ,?is ex*ange ( goods1 or buy+ & sell+ !m = money2 gives rise to ano!r occupation call$ trade1 or comm]ce4 ,s _m p sp5d _! "t buy+ & sell+ gra91 vegetables1 clo?+1 boots & %oes1 or 9 s5d+ !m to places :]e !y are ne$$4 ,on all ! l>ge riv]s & lakes y may see boats go+ up & d[n1 c>ry+ goods f "o "p ( ! c\ntry to ano!r4 ,c y ?9k h[ goods are c>ri$ f place to place :]e !re are no riv]s8 ,9 c\ntries :]e few p live1 goods are (t5 c>ri$ 9 wagons & on ! backs ( animals4 ,i wond] h[ _m p h to "w to get food & clo?+ = u4 ,make a li/ ( all ! occupations y c ?9k (4 ,p]haps y c ?9k ( o!r occupations we h n nam$4 ,is dressmak+ an occupation8 ,tea*+8 ,:i* occupation w\ld y pref]8 ,:y8 ,if y ?9k1 p]haps y c tell :y m5 d diff]5t k9ds ( "w4 ,:at p d to make a liv+1 dep5ds v mu* ^u ! place !y live 94 ,= m5 almo/ always d t k9d ( "w t pays !m be/ = _! labor4 ,^? :o live :]e ! l& is ri* & level w raise gra9 to make fl\r1 or cotton & flax to make clo?+4 ,"s p among ! m\nta9s "w 9 ! m9es4 ,"s keep c[s = _! milk & butt]1 & %eep = _! wool2 = ! hills & _m ( ! m\nta9 sides af=d excell5t pa/ure4 ,p :o live ne> ! sea w be apt to cat* fi% along ! coa/1 or engage 9 trade ^u ! wat]4 ,employm5ts 9 ! city diff] widely f ^? 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"h1 z we h le>n$1 mo/ p make _! liv+ by work+ 9 factories1 or z m]*ants 9 buy+ & sell+ goods :i* come f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,all p d n live 9 ! same way4 ,"s p h no *ur*es1 s*ools1 books1 or factories4 ,:at d p :o live 9 ?is way eat8 ,:at d !y we>8 ,h[ d !y sp5d _! "t8 ,,lesson ,,xlv4 ,a ,,review ,,lesson4 ,:at k9d ( "w is done by ! p among :om y live8 ,are !y f>m]s8 ,h[ does ! f>m] make 8 liv+8 ,:]e does he sell ! ?+s :i* he raises8 ,:]e does he buy 8 sug> & tea & o!r ?+s :i* he ne$s8 ,d y live 9 a city8 ,:at are ! *ief occupations ( ! p8 ,d !y "w 9 %ops or mills or factories8 ,"n "s mills or factories 9 or ne> y\r city4 ,:at articles are made !re8 ,:at manufactur$ articles are 9 ! s*oolroom8 ,at home8 ,:at d y call ! m5 :o make ^! articles8 ,:at k9ds ( goods are sold 9 ! /ores8 ,:at is a groc]y /ore8 ,a dry-goods /ore8 ,a %oe /ore8 ,:]e did ! ?+s 9 ^! /ores come f8 ,:i* 7 made 9 y\r city8 ,:i* 7 br\ght f o!r places8 ,:at railroads or canals are 9 ! city8 ,d boats come to ! :>ves8 ,:at d ! boats or railroads take away8 ,:at d !y br+ 9 return8 ,write ! foll[+3 ,f>m]s raise 7write ! names ( all ! ?+s y c ?9k (74 ,m9]s dig out ( ! e>?4 ,qu>rym5 dig f ! qu>ries4 ,a %oemak] makes 4 ,a blacksmi? makes 4 ,m]*ants buy & sell 4